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MOSSES OF FLORIDA
       an illustrated manual


MOSSES OF FLORIDA
       an illustrated manual


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       an illustrated manual











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university of florida press


gainesville, 1963  university of florida press


gainesville, 1963  university of florida press


gainesville, 1963













MOSSES OF FLORIDA
        an illustrated manual



   By Ruth Schornherst Breen


MOSSES OF FLORIDA
        an illustrated manual



   By Ruth Schornherst Breen


MOSSES OF FLORIDA
        an illustrated manual



   By Ruth Schornherst Breen































A University of Florida Press Book

CvOPYRIGHT, 1963, sY TsE BOARD Or COMMSSIONoE
  Or STATE INSTITUTION oF FLORIDA
ALL RIS R    SRVE
Library of Congress Catoogue Card No.: 62-19677
PRINTEss so THE MILRs PRESS, JACKONVILssE, FLORIDA
BOUND sY UNIVRSALr-DIXIE BINoRY, JACSONVsLLE, FLORsIDA


A University of Florida Press Book

COPYsoIssT, 1963, so THE BOARs Or COMSoSIONERoS
  Or STATr INSTITUTsONS Or FLoORDA

Library of Coongrss Catalogue Card No.: 62-19677
PosNTrD so THEr MossER PRESS, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIoA
BOUND B    UNIVERSA-Door BIoDoRYo, JACKONVsILLr, FL~ORIDA~


A University of Florida Press Book

COPRIoHsT, 1963, so oHr BlOARD Or COMSSIsONRS

  Or STATr INSTIUOrSv Or FLOIsA

Library of Coogreos Coaoologor Cord No.: 62-19677
PRsoTrD so oar MILLRrr PRESS, JACKSOoVssL, FLORIDA
BOroD so UNIVERSA-Dsosr BINDoR, JACSONVILLr, FL~ORIDA











0R


     Dedicated to the tioo psersons
wo mst ittfluenced the ptroductiont of this book


          Aly father,
   EDWARDn NIARION SCHORNtasEnST,
   who in mychildhood instilled in m
      delight in the small plants
 we sato on many hap py walksoin the woods


           and


    WIsLLIAM CAMPWBELL STEERE,
      master teac her and friend,
  who traslated these fascinatittg things
      intsomeansinsg andorder


     Dedicated to thte twoprsn
wsho mtost influsenced the produtction of this book


          iMy fother,
   EDWssARDt MARION SCORSNHERST
   whlo its toy childhood inotilled int me
      delight in the osall plansts
 toe tote otn many happy walhs in the wcoods


           atnd


    WtILLIAMI CAMPBELL STEERE,
      master teaeher ansdfsiend,
  soho tronsloted these foscinatsing thittgs
      into mteaning antd or-der


     Dedicotedl so the tt o lestots
wholosttinfltuenced the ptrodctitonttofthis ooh


          My father,
   EDWARDon  MARIObN   SCHORNHERST,
   wo in my childhocod istoilled its me
      delight itt the smnall plas
 twe tots ott many happy twalhs its the wooads


           ancd


    WILLIAM CAMPEnLL STEEnE,
      ntser teacher andlfriencd,
  wo translated these facissating thinsgs
      intonmeaning and order




Acknowledgments


Acknowledgments


Acknowledgments


E NCOUBAoGEMNT TO BEGIN and to continue the research necessary to
produce this book came from many sources, both within and outside The
Florida State University. Various members of the staff of the Division of
Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, have offered critical sugges-
tions which have been helpful and much appreciated. R. K. Godfrey, of
this staff, has given freely of his tine and advice whenever called upon,
and aided in many ways in the mechanics of putting this book together.
  Dr. Hugo L. Blomquist, Professor Emeritus of Botany, Duke Univer-
sity, graciously consented to contribute the section on the Sphagna of
Florida, making it possible to have all the mosses known front the state
treated in a single volume. This meant a sacrifice of time from his own
work on the Sphagnaceae of eastern North America, a task he was most
anxious to complete despite failing health. I am deeply grateful for this
expression of a friendship which stretches back many years.
  Mrs. Olivia Embrey Lay deserves special mention and thanks for her
valuable contribution to the art work necessary in the preparation of the
plates. Mrs. Adele Gratzner also aided in this phase of the work. Ronald
A. Pursell, while a graduate student at The Florida State University,
served for two years as research assistant on this project and performed
invaluable service in mapping known distribution of all the species known
to occur in the state, and in preparing many slides for my use in drawing.
Harold Yaffa, another graduate student, has aided in many ways.
  E. B. Bartram, How ard A. Crum, Lewis E. Anderson, and A. LeRoy
Andrews were most helpful in identifying troublesome specimens and in


E NCOUR AGEMENT TO BEGIN and to continue the research necessary to
produce this book came from many sources, both within and outside The
Florida State University. Various members of the staff of the Division of
Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, have offered critical sugges-
tions which have been helpful and much appreciated. R. K. Godfrey, of
this staff, has given freely of his time and advice whenever called upon,
and aided in many ways in the mechanics of putting this book together.
  Dr. Hugo L. Blomquist, Professor Emeritus of Botany, Duke Univer-
sity, graciously consented to contribute the section on the Sphagna of
Florida, making it possible to have all the mosses known from the state
treated in a single volume. This meant a sacrifice of time from his own
work on the Sphagnaceae of eastern North America, a task he was most
anxious to complete despite failing health. I am deeply grateful for this
expression of a friendship which stretches back many years.
  Mrs. Olivia Embrey Lay deserves special mention and thanks for her
valuable contribution to the art work necessary in the preparation of the
plates. Mrs. Adele Gratzner also aided in this phase of the work. Ronald
A. Pursell, while a graduate student at The Florida State University,
served for two years as research assistant on this project and performed
invaluable service in mapping known distribution of all the species known
to occur in the state, and in preparing many slides for my use in drawing.
Harold Yaffa, another graduate student, has aided in many ways.
  E. B. Bartram, Howard A. Croin, Lewis E. Anderson, and A. LeRoy
Andrews were most helpful in identifying troublesome specimens and in


ENCOorAGEMENT TO BEGIN and to continue the research necessary to
produce this book came front many sources, both within and oustside The
Florida State University. Various members of the staff of the Division of
Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, have offered critical sugges-
tions which have been helpful and much appreciated. R. K. Godfrey, of
this staff, has given freely of his time and advice whenever called upon,
and aided in many ways in the mechanics of putting this book together.
  Dr. Hugo L. Blomquist, Professor Emeritus of Botany, Duke Univer-
sity, graciously consented to contribute the section on the Sphagna of
Florida, making it possible to have all the mosses known from the state
treated in a single volume. This meant a sacrifice of time from his own
work on the Sphagnaceae of eastern North America, a task he was most
anxious to complete despite failing health. I am deeply grateful for this
expression of a friendship which stretches back many years.
  Mrs. Olivia Embrey Lay deserves special mention and thanks for her
valuable contribution to the art work necessary in the preparation of the
plates. Mrs. Adele Gratzner also aided in this phase of the work. Ronald
A. Pursell, while a graduate student at The Florida State University,
served for two years as research assistant on this project and performed
invaluable service in mapping known distribution of all the species known
to occur in the state, and in preparing many slides for my use in drawing.
Harold Yaffa, another graduate student, has aided in many ways.
  E. B. Bartram, Howard A. Crum, Lewis E. Anderson, and A. LeRoy
Andrews were most helpful in identifying troublesome specimens and in












viii         MOSSES OF FLORIDA

offering advice and suggestions during the progress of this workhLonard
J. Brass, of the Archbold Biology Station, Amecrican Museum of Natural
History, at Lahe Placid, Florida, made his excellently labeled specinmens
collectedl ins the Everglades atnd throughout south Florida availahle for smy
stssdy, slirccted tte to a umber of oto-of-the-woay collecting areas, atnd
ecootraged thio worh throusghout its psrogress.
Withsout free access to various collertios depooited ins several herbsaria
Ilcosld stot hare heen ahle tos verify smany sdetersminatios or oseure
austhenstic Florida secimenss for somne of ste illtustratiosns. Ilespecially
thansh the hryophyte cturators of the Nesw Yorh IBotansical Gardess, thc Na-
tiossal Herharissm  of the Smsithsosnians Institutsions, the Natiossal Musseutms
ssf Cauada, the Herharium of Dukhe University,asnd the Herhariuso sf Ste
Florida Agricultusral Expserimuent Station, University of Florida, for mnssg
their collectios availahle to nme. The Florida Parh Service wsas mosst
coopoerative its permsittissg mse to collect swithis park areas,taasy oftswhich
are especially rich in bryophytes. I also enjoyed consisderahlc freedos   to
collect its Everglades National Parh. In addition I hasd access tso severasl
psrivatelyowned preserves, and seas mtaterially sided by their ownsers or
supservisorstis locating little-hnowns collecinog areas.


  This wrorh has been mtade possible through fitnancial supptort frost the
National Science Foudatios (grants G-1844, G-380)6, G-8700g, ansd
G-19,358), a Grant-in-Aid of Research front the Society of the Sigsss Xi,
a Floridla State Unsiversity Research Councsil granst, and asummnner Re-
search Professorships frost the Florida State University Research Council.
                                   R.SB.


viii         MtOSSES Or FsORIA
off erinog adstice asnd suoggestions dtsring the psrogress of this wtork. Leonard
J. Brass, of the Archbold Biology Station, Anmericas Musseusm of Natusral
History, at Isase Placid, Florida, snade his excellenttly labeled specimsens
collected in the Evergladles and throuighout south Florida available for myt
study, directed me too astumber of outs-of-the-weayecolletinsg areas, stoo
encosuragesd this osorb throughout its progress.
Witouot free access so various collections deposited its several hoerbaris
I could ntot hove beets able to verify msany determinsatins sor secure
athesntic Florida specimnens for sotne of the illustratios. Iestpecially
thankb the bryopshyte curators of the Ness York Botanical Gordess, the Na-
tiossol Hlerboriumos  of the Smsithsonias Ittstitutions, the Notional Musseusm
of Canada, the Herbarium of Duke Unsiversity, andteperbriums of the
Florida Agricusltural Eoxseriment Station, Unsiversity of Florida, for smakisng
their sollecions ovoilable to me. The Florido     Park Service st-s most5
cooperative in psersmiting use to collect wcithint park areas, mossy of swhich
ore especiolly rich ino bryophytes. I also enjoyed considerable freedom to
collest ino Everglasies Notiossal Park. Its addition I had access to several
psrivately ownsed poreserves, and teas mtaterially oided by their owtsers or
stopervisors ino locating little-hunto  callecting areas.


  Thlis swork has beets nmade psossible through finatoesal stupport frost the
Natiotnal Sscience Foundation (grants G-1844, G-3806, G-S8y00, ands
G-19,358), o Granst-isn-A id of Research front the Society of the Sigmsa Xi,
a Florida State University Resteorch Council grot, asndoassummser Re-
searchs Professorship frost the Florida State University Research Coutncil.

                                   R.SB.


viii         MOSSES OF FLonOID
ssff ering advrice ond sutggestionts dusrinog the progress of this trth eonaord
J. Braso, of the Archbold Biology Stotion, American Museomt of Notorol
History, at Lobe Placid, Florida, made his eocellently lobeledl spsecimses
collected its the Evrglades asnd thrutghout sosuth Florido availoble for nmy
studsy, directed me too anumber of out-of-the-tray collecinog areas, antd
esscosuraged thsis ork throusghost its progress.
  W~ithoust free access to various collections depositesd its several herbario
I cosuld soot hove been able to verify msass) desermisosoisos or scr
outhoenstie Florida spsecimtens for some of the illuostrations. I espserially
thansh the bryopht crartors of the Nes York Botassisal Gardes, thse No-
tional Herbarium  of thse Smnithsonsian Institsution, the Natiossal Multseumst
of Canadsa, te Herbarium of Duke University, and the Herboriumt of the
Florida Agricssltural EFoperiment Statiosn, Unsiversiy of Florida, for nmaking
their collecions svailoble to me. The Florido Pork Servise swas most
cooperotive its permitting mse to collect within tpoth areos, tstany ssf whlich
ore espsecially rich in bryophytes. I also cotjoyed cosiderable freedoms to
collect ino Everglasdes Notional Park. In adsditions I hasd stereos to severol
privately ossnsed psreserves, anod seas materially aided by their on-nero or
supervisors in locatinsg little-hknown collectitng areos.


  This toorb hoas beesn nmade possible throsugh fisnasnciol suppstort from  the
Nationsal Science Founsdatioo (grants C-1844, C-306, G-8700H, anod
C-I19,358), a Granto-in-Aid of Research frost the Society of the Sigmsa Xi,
a Florisda State Unsiversity- Reseorch Councsil grant, ond a sumssmer Re-
search Professorshsip front the Florida Stote University Research Counciesl.
                                   B.S.B.







Contents


Contents


Contents


           Foreword    xi

         Introdnuction  xiii

Suammaries of Family Characters /xix

        Key to Genera /xxvii

      Taxonoaic Treatmnent I

    Plate Section r FOLLOWS 1,34

            Index    269

    Glossarys  BACK END)LEAVES


           Foreword    xi

         Introductionii xi

Suammzaries of Fonily Characters /xix

        IKey to Genera xxrI ii

      Taxono nic Treata n  I

    Plate Section FOLLOS 134

            Index    269

    Glossary   BACiK ENLEArES


           Foreword    xi

         Introdnetlion  xiii

ainmmares of Fantilj Chariacters 'xix

       Key to Geunra    xxiii

     Taxonomtic Treatmient I

   Plate Sectioin  FOLLOWS 134

           Inidex /269

    Glossars   BArK FNDLFAVE5









4/1


7


'74


   I






C/'






' 0


Foreword


Foreword


Foreword


f


THIS BOOK WILL STAND AS A MONUMENT TO THE productive work and
thought carried on over a period of more than thirty years by a distin-
guished Florida botanist, Her work in the field, in the herbarium, in the
laboratory, and in the classroom, as well as her activity in training gradu-
ate students in bryology, all continued over so long a time, have combined
to make her magnumn opus authoritative, mature, and original. Her un-
surpassed experience with and understanding of the Florida mosses in
the field, and of the influences upon them of the habitat, of the sub-
stratum, and of the environment, bring to this work a depth and a
breadth that could not have been achieved otherwise. Dr. Breen thus
demonstrates here her unparalleled knowledge of the mosses of Florida-
their morphology, their systematics, their ecology, and their distribution.
It is unfortunate that limitations of space have prevented more extensive
accounts of the fascinating natural history of so many of the species,
something that the author could have included easily because of her long
experience in the field.
The first manual intended for the identification of North American
mosses, by William Starling Sullivant, appeared well over a century ago.
Since then many books and manuals have been published to cover the
moss floras of local, state, or larger areas of the United States. Iowever,
with surprisingly few exceptions-an outstanding exception is O. E.
Jennings' A Manual of the Mosses of Western Pennsylvania and Ad-
jacent Regions-these handbooks and manuals suffer rather uniformly
from a lack of original illustrations. Consequently, most of the manuals


tHIS BOOK WILL STAND As A MONUMENT TO THE productive work and
thought carried on over a period of more than thirty sears by a distin-
guished Florida botanist. Her work in the field, in the herbarium, in the
laboratory, and in the classroom, as well as her activity in training gradu-
ate students in bryology, all continued over so long a time, have combined
to make her magnum opus authoritative, mature, and original. Her un-
surpassed experience with and understanding of the Florida mosses in
the field, and of the influences upon them of the habitat, of the sub-
stratum, and of the environment, bring to this work a depth and a
breadth that could not have been achieved otherwise. Dr. Breen thus
demonstrates here her unparalleled knowledge of the mosses of Florida-
their morphology, their systematics, their ecology, and their distribution.
It is unfortunate that limitations of space have prevented more extensive
accounts of the fascinating natural history of so many of the species,
something that the author could have included easily because of her long
experience in the field.
The first manual intended for the identification of North American
mosses, by William Starling Sullivant, appeared well over a century ago.
Since then many books and manuals have been published to cover the
moss floras of local, state, or larger areas of the United States. However,
with surprisingly few  exceptions-an outstanding exception is O. E.
Jennings' A Manual of the Mosses of Western Pennsylvania and Ad-
jacent Regions--these handbooks and manuals suffer rather uniformly
from a lack of original illustrations. Consequently, most of the manuals


loS nOOK WILL STAND AS A MONUMENT TO THE productive work and
thought carried on over a period of more than thirty years by a distin-
guished Florida botanist. Her work in the field, in the herbarium, in the
laboratory, and in the classroom, as well as her activity in training gradu-
ate students in bryology, all continued over so long a time, have combined
to make her magnum opus authoritative, mature, and original. Her un-
surpassed experience with and understanding of the Florida mosses in
the field, and of the influences upon them of the habitat, of the sub-
stratum, and of the environment, bring to this work a depth and a
breadth that could not have been achieved otherwise. Dr. Breen thus
demonstrates here her unparalleled knowledge of the mosses of Florida-
their morphology, their systematics, their ecology, and their distribution.
It is unfortunate that limitations of space have prevented more extensive
accounts of the fascinating natural history of so many of the species,
something that the author could have included easily because of her long
experience in the field.
The first manual intended for the identification of North American
mosses, by William Starling Sullivant, appeared well over a century ago.
Since then many books and manuals have been published to cover the
moss floras of local, state, or larger areas of the United States. However,
with surprisingly few exceptions-an outstanding exception is O. E.
Jennings' A Manual of the Mosses of Western Pennsylvania and Ad-
jacent Regions-these handbooks and manuals suffer rather uniformly
from a lack of original illustrations. Consequently, most of the manuals








xii          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
available today to students and to advanced amateurs have illustrations
adapted or reproduced directly from earlier works, and, worse, too many
of them from European and other foreign publications. Well aware of
the subtle-to-drastic differences between American and foreign popula-
tions of what are perhaps too often and too optimistically interpreted as
the same species, the author undertook the enormous task of making
original illustrations of all the mosses of Florida. Without these accurate
and illuminating drawings, the book could have been published years
ago-but it would have been correspondingly less valuable. The descrip-
tions of the many species of mosses in the text, likewise, are new and
original, based on specimens and drawings, and not just adapted from
other manuals. The essential quality of this book, then, arises from the
freshness and the originality of its approach.
  This volume is the tangible result of a labor of love; it reflects the
spare moments, the early mornings, the evenings, the week-ends, and the
holidays of an accomplished and skillful teacher who for too many years
had assigned to her too many students in too many classes. Only the
strongest of research drives could have survived discouragement for so
long, but this author's survived at so high a level that she has been able
to undertake and to complete an outstanding book. To teachers through-
out the United States who are overworked and tired this book should
serve as an inspired example of the fact that, even though good teaching
must receive first priority, productive research does not need to lag too
far behind.
  In brief, this manual brings within the covers of one book many
admirable features, especially original illustrations, new descriptions, and
effective keys. For the first time, Florida mosses may be identified with
a minimum of effort, because of the author's ability to communicate well
her great fund of knowledge and of experience. In its turn, the University
of Florida Press deserves congratulation for its perspicacity in publishing
a timely and original contribution of long-term importance in the field
of the natural sciences.
                      WILLIAM CAMPBELL STEERE
The New York Botanical Garden


xii


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


available today to students and to advanced amateurs have illustrations
adapted or reproduced directly from earlier works, and, worse, too many
of them from European and other foreign publications. Well aware of
the subtle-to-drastic differences between American and foreign popula-
tions of what are perhaps too often and too optimistically interpreted as
the same species, the author undertook the enormous task of making
original illustrations of all the mosses of Florida. Without these accurate
and illuminating drawings, the book could have been published years
ago-but it would have been correspondingly less valuable. The descrip-
tions of the many species of mosses in the text, likewise, are new and
original, based on specimens and drawings, and not just adapted from
other manuals. The essential quality of this book, then, arises from the
freshness and the originality of its approach.
  This volume is the tangible result of a labor of love; it reflects the
spare moments, the early mornings, the evenings, the week-ends, and the
holidays of an accomplished and skillful teacher who for too many years
had assigned to her too many students in too many classes. Only the
strongest of research drives could have survived discouragement for so
long, but this author's survived at so high a level that she has been able
to undertake and to complete an outstanding book. To teachers through-
out the United States who are overworked and tired this book should
serve as an inspired example of the fact that, even though good teaching
must receive first priority, productive research does not need to lag too
far behind.
  In brief, this manual brings within the covers of one book many
admirable features, especially original illustrations, new descriptions, and
effective keys. For the first time, Florida mosses may be identified with
a minimum of effort, because of the author's ability to communicate well
her great fund of knowledge and of experience. In its turn, the University
of Florida Press deserves congratulation for its perspicacity in publishing
a timely and original contribution of long-term importance in the field
of the natural sciences.
                      WILLIAM    CAMPBELL STEERE
The New York Botanical Garden


.xii         MOSSES OF FLORIDA
available today to students and to advanced amateurs have illustrations
adapted or reproduced directly from earlier works, and, worse, too many
of them from European and other foreign publications. Well aware of
the subtle-to-drastic differences between American and foreign popula-
tions of what are perhaps too often and too optimistically interpreted as
the same species, the author undertook the enormous task of making
original illustrations of all the mosses of Florida. Without these accurate
and illuminating drawings, the book could have been published years
ago-but it would have been correspondingly less valuable. The descrip-
tions of the many species of mosses in the text, likewise, are new and
original, based on specimens and drawings, and not just adapted from
other manuals. The essential quality of this book, then, arises from the
freshness and the originality of its approach.
  This volume is the tangible result of a labor of love; it reflects the
spare moments, the early mornings, the evenings, the week-ends, and the
holidays of an accomplished and skillful teacher who for too many years
had assigned to her too many students in too many classes. Only the
strongest of research drives could have survived discouragement for so
long, but this author's survived at so high a level that she has been able
to undertake and to complete an outstanding book. To teachers through-
out the United States who are overworked and tired this book should
serve as an inspired example of the fact that, even though good teaching
must receive first priority, productive research does not need to lag too
far behind.
  In brief, this manual brings within the covers of one book many
admirable features, especially original illustrations, new descriptions, and
effective keys. For the first time, Florida mosses may be identified with
a minimum of effort, because of the author's ability to communicate well
her great fund of knowledge and of experience. In its turn, the University
of Florida Press deserves congratulation for its perspicacity in publishing
a timely and original contribution of long-term importance in the field
of the natural sciences.
                      WILLIAM    CAMPBELL STEERE
The New York Botanical Garden
















IA


     Sr.





     p
     0~'a

        N

0'--,~ ~
     7--


Introduction



                             J


                         IL(      -.




THERE HAS LON. EEN A NEED FOR a bo0k of reasonable size which
describes and illustrates those mosses known to occur in Florida. Grout's
three-volume Mosses of North America North of Mexico (1928-1940)
is expensive, and is now out of print and not readily available. It is also
difficult to use, and does not include a rather large number of tropical
taxa now known to occur in Florida. Much of the collecting in tropical
America has been done by Europeans, further complicating the avail-
ability of reference materials, for the results of their activity have been
published abroad. In all too many instances illustrations are poor, incom-
plete, or lacking altogether. The Mosses of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands* and A Survey of the Moss Flora of Jamaica,t published in
1957 and 1958 respectively, contain descriptions of most of these tropical
mosses, and illustrations of some of them, and have been helpful to the
author in the identification of specimens and the preparation of this book.
However, they are properly part of a research library, and only serve to
emphasize the need for a single source of reference.
  Any state flora has limitations, but I hope that this one may be useful
as a ready reference for the southeastern states as well as for Florida. The
author has attempted to simplify terminology in keys and descriptions.

Crum, H. A., and W. C. Steere. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands. Volume VII-Part 4. The Mosses of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
New York Academy of Sciences. 1957. 204 pages.
Crum, H. A., and Edwin B. Bartram. A Survey of the Moss Flora of Jamaica,
Science Series, No. 0. 1958. 90 pages.


Introduction


Introduction


THERE HAS LONG EEEN A NEED FO             a book of reasonable size which
describes and illustrates those mosses known to occur in Florida. Grout's
three-volume Mosses of North America North of Mexico (1928-1940)
is expensive, and is now out of print and not readily available. It is also
difficult to use, and does not include a rather large number of tropical
taxa now known to occur in Florida. Much of the collecting in tropical
America has been done by Europeans, further complicating the avail-
ability of reference materials, for the results of their activity have been
published abroad. In all too many instances illustrations arc poor, incom-
plete, or lacking altogether. The Mosses of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands* and A Survey of the Moss Flora of Jamaica,t published in
1957 and 1958 respectively, contain descriptions of most of these tropical
mosses, and illustrations of some of them, and have been helpful to the
author in the identification of specimens and the preparation of this book.
However, they are properly part of a research library, and only serve to
emphasize the need for a single source of reference.
  Any state flora has limitations, but I hope that this one may be useful
as a ready reference for the southeastern states as well as for Florida. The
author has attempted to simplify terminology in keys and descriptions.

*Crum, H. A., and W. C. Steere. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands. Volume VII-Part 4. The Mosses of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
New York Academy of Sciences. 1957. 204 pages.
  Crum, H. A., and Edwin E. Bartram. A Survey of the Moss Flora of Jamaica,
Science Series, No. 8. 1958. 90 pages.


THERE HAS LONG BEEN A NEED FOR a book of reasonable size which
describes and illustrates those mosses known to occur in Florida. Grout's
three-volume Mosses of North America North of Mexico (1928-1940)
is expensive, and is now out of print and not readily available. It is also
difficult to use, and does not include a rather large number of tropical
taxa now known to occur in Florida. Much of the collecting in tropical
America has been done by Europeans, further complicating the avail-
ability of reference materials, for the results of their activity have been
published abroad. In all too many instances illustrations are poor, incom-
plete, or lacking altogether. The Mosses of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands' and A Survey of the Moss Flora of Jamaica,t published in
1957 and 1958 respectively, contain descriptions of most of these tropical
mosses, and illustrations of some of them, and have been helpful to the
author in the identification of specimens and the preparation of this book.
However, they are properly part of a research library, and only serve to
emphasize the need for a single source of reference.
  Any state flora has limitations, but I hope that this one may be useful
as a ready reference for the southeastern states as well as for Florida. The
author has attempted to simplify terminology in keys and descriptions.

"Crum, H. A., and W. C. Steere. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands. Volume VII-Part 4. The Mosses of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
New York Academy of Sciences. 1957. 204 pages.
Crum, H. A., and Edwin B. Bartram. A Survey of the Moss Flora of Jamaica,
Science Series, No. 8. 1958. 90 pages.



xiv         MOSSES OF FLORIDA
Emphasis has been placed on vegetative characters since many mosses
fruit infrequently or not at all in this state. With only two or three
exceptions all species described are illustrated. All plates except those for
the Sphagna were drawn by the author from Florida specimens.
During the last twenty-five years I have done extensive collecting and
field studies throughout the state, and now have an herbarium number-
ing about 6000 specimens. During most of these years I have been the
only bryologist living year-round in Florida, thereby having the oppor-
tunity to observe the seasonal variations which are sometimes so striking
and so important in understanding the flora. Through the generosity of
a number of persons this herbarium has been considerably expanded.


      CLASSIFICATION OF BRYOPHYTA
 The Bryophyta are, in spite of their smallness, among the most beau-
 tiful of plants. It is not likely that they will be confused with members
 of any other group of the plant kingdom. They show a remarkable uni-
 formity in certain aspects of development, yet no two species can be
studied even with a 10x magnifier without interesting differences in form
and structure being observed. The three classes of Bryophyta are (1)
Hepaticae (liverworts), (2) Anthocerotae (hornworts), and (3) Musci
(mosses). The first two classes are often grouped together as Hepaticae.
Since the present work is confined solely to the mosses, no detailed analy-
sis of the Hepaticae is included. For the sake of clarification, the follow-
ing distinctions may aid the user of this book, at least in the preliminary
stages of examination of collections.

      HEPATICAE (including ANTHOCEROTAE)
 Plant body dorsiventrally oriented, consisting of a thallus or a simple
leafy stem; leaves, when present, usually deeply lobed or segmented, ecos-
tate, 3-ranked, with 2 rows of lateral leaves and 1 row of ventral leaves,
or with ventral leaves absent; leaf cells isodiametric, with walls variously
thickened; seta, when present, lengthening rapidly when capsule is ma-
ture; capsule frequently containing sterile cells (elaters) in addition to
the spores, lacking an operculum or peristome, and debiscing by splitting.

                 MUSCI
 Plant body either dorsiventrally oriented or erect, differentiated into
 stem and leaves; leaves occasionally 2-ranked, but usually 3-several rows,
 not deeply lobed; leaves costate or ecostate, cells ranging from isodiametric
 to several times as long as broad; capsules usually dehiscing regularly,
with a detachable operculum, and with or without a peristome.,


MOSSES OF FLORIDA              xin


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


Emphasis has been placed on vegetative characters since many mosses
fruit infrequently or not at all in this state. With only two or three
exceptions all species described are illustrated. All plates except those for
the Sphagna were drawn by the author from Florida specimens.
  During the last twenty-five years I have done extensive collecting and
field studies throughout the state, and now have an herbarium number-
ing about 6000 specimens. During most of these years I have been the
only bryologist living year-round in Florida, thereby having the oppor-
tunity to observe the seasonal variations which are sometimes so striking
and so important in understanding the flora. Through the generosity of
a number of persons this herbarium has been considerably expanded.


      CLASSIFICATION OF BRYOPHYTA
 The Bryophyta are, in spite of their smallness, among the most beau-
 tiful of plants. It is not likely that they will be confused with members
 of any other group of the plant kingdom. They show a remarkable uni-
 formity in certain aspects of development, yet no two species can be
 studied even with a lox magnifier without interesting differences in form
 and structure being observed. The three classes of Bryophyta are (1)
 Hepaticae (liverworts), (2) Anshocerotae (hornworts), and (3) Musi
 (mosses). The first two classes are often grouped together as Hepaticae.
 Since the present work is confined solely to the mosses, no detailed analy-
 sis of the Hepaticae is included. For the sake of clarification, the follow-
 ing distinctions may aid the user of this book, at least in the preliminary
 stages of examination of collections.

       HEPATICAE (including ANTHOCEROTAE)
 Plant body dorsiventrally oriented, consisting of a thallus or a simple
 leafy stem; leaves, when present, usually deeply lobed or segmented, ecos-
 tate, 3-ranked, with 2 rows of lateral leaves and 1 row of ventral leaves,
 or with ventral leaves absent; leaf cells isodiametric, with walls variously
 thickened; seta, when present, lengthening rapidly when capsule is ma-
 ture; capsule frequently containing sterile cells (claters) in addition to
 the spores, lacking an operculum or peristome, and dehiscing by splitting.

                 MUSCI
  Plant body either dorsiventrally oriented or erect, differentiated into
stem and leaves; leaves occasionally 2-ranked, but usually 3-several rows,
not deeply lobed; leaves costate or ecostate, cells ranging from isodiametric
to several times as long as broad; capsules usually dehiscing regularly,
with a detachable operculum, and with or without a peristome.


Emphasis has been placed on vegetative characters since many mosses
fruit infrequently or not at all in this state. With only two or three
exceptions all species described are illustrated. All plates except those for
the Sphagna were drawn by the author from Florida specimens.
  During the last twenty-five years I have done extensive collecting and
field studies throughout the state, and now have an herbarium number-
ing about 6000 specimens. During most of these years I have been the
only bryologist living year-round in Florida, thereby having the oppor-
tunity to observe the seasonal variations which are sometimes so striking
and so important in understanding the flora. Through the generosity of
a number of persons this herbarium has been considerably expanded.


      CLASSIFICATION OF BRYOPHYTA
 The Bryophyta are, in spite of their smallness, among the most beau-
 tiful of plants. It is not likely that they will be confused with members
 of any other group of the plant kingdom. They show a remarkable uni-
 formity in certain aspects of development, yet no two species can be
 studied even with a 10x magnifier without interesting differences in form
 and structure being observed. The three classes of Bryophyta are (1)
 Hepaticae (liverworts), (2) Anthocerotae (hornworts), and (3) Musci
 (mosses). The first two classes are often grouped together as Hepaticae.
 Since the present work is confined solely to the mosses, no detailed analy-
 sis of the Hepaticae is included. For the sake of clarification, the follow-
 ing distinctions may aid the user of this book, at least in the preliminary
 stages of examination of collections.

       HEPATICAE (including ANTHOCEROTAE)
  Plant body dorsiventrally oriented, consisting of a thallus or a simple
leafy stem; leaves, when present, usually deeply lobed or segmented, ecos-
tate, 3-ranked, with 2 rows of lateral leaves and 1 row of ventral leaves,
or with ventral leaves absent; leaf cells isodiametric, with walls variously
thickened; seta, when present, lengthening rapidly when capsule is ma-
ture; capsule frequently containing sterile cells (elaters) in addition to
the spores, tacking an operculum or peristome, and dehiscing by splitting.

                 MUSCI
  Plant body either dorsiventrally oriented or erect, differentiated into
stem and leaves; leaves occasionally 2-ranked, but usually 3-several rows,
not deeply lobed; leaves costate or ecostate, cells ranging from isodiametric
to several times as long as broad; capsules usually dehiscing regularly,
with a detachable operculum, and with or without a peristome.



INTRODUCTION


XV                  INTRODUCTION


  Some people have taken exception to the use of the terms "stem" and
"leaf" as applied to gametophytic structures, since traditionally these are
considered sporophytic. New terminology has appeared in the literature
from time to time, but long usage has favored continuance of "stem" and
"leaf" since these structures serve functions attributable to those organs
and since they so resemble them in appearance.
The 'Musci are the largest group of bryophytes, including several thou-
sand species. They range in size from plants barely visible to the unaided
eye to those reaching several centimeters in height or length. Almost any
textbook of botany or biology will provide the reader with a detailed
account of the structures composing these plants and of the clear-cut
alternation of the independent vegetative sexual phase (gametophyte)
and the more or less dependent spore-producing phase (sporophyte).

             OnDE I. Sphagnales
  Branches in fascicles; leaves ecostate, one cell thick, with large hyaline
cells and smaller chlorophyllose cells forming a mesh or network, the
predominance of the hyaline cells explaining the paleness of the plants;
capsules small, globular, with an operculum but no peristome. Often
called the peat or bog mosses. Includes the single family Sphagnaceae
and the single genus Sphagnum, represented by 17 species in Florida.

             ORDER II. Andreaeales
  Somewhat intermediate between the Sphagnales and the Bryales.
Leaves dark brown to blackish, brittle; capsule dehiscing by four or more
longitudinal valves. Sometimes called the granite mosses, they never
grow on calcareous rocks. Not found in Florida.

              ORDER III. Bryales
  Steins simple or branching, arising from filamentous protonemata;
leaves costate or ecostate; capsules sessile or on a long seta, mostly with
an operculum and peristome. Plants of a wide range of habitats, from
submerged aquatics to mesic or even xeric environments.

  Names for the various taxa appearing herein are those in current usage.
Whenever they differ from   those in Grout's Moss Flora, the binomial
as it appears in that work is also given here; in some cases the
authority for Grout's name was incorrect, hence the discrepancy. No
attempt has been made to give synonymy. The moss flora of Florida as
presented on the following pages consists of 38 families, 108 genera,
and 245 species and varieties. Distribution data for the various taxa
follow two patterns. For those of wide range, not unusual in Florida,


  Some people have taken exception to the use of the terms "stem" and
"leaf" as applied to gametophytic structures, since traditionally these are
considered sporophytic. New terminology has appeared in the literature
from time to time, but long usage has favored continuance of "stem" and
"leaf" since these structures serve functions attributable to those organs
and since they so resemble them in appearance.
The iusci are the largest group of bryophytes, including several thou-
sand species. They range in size from plants barely visible to the unaided
eye to those reaching several centimeters in height or length. Almost any
textbook of botany or biology will provide the reader with a detailed
account of the structures composing these plants and of the clear-cut
alternation of the independent vegetative sexual phase (gametophyte)
and the more or less dependent spore-producing phase (sporophyte).

             ODER I. Sphagnales
 Branches in fascicles; leaves ecostate, one cell thick, with large hyaline
 cells and smaller chlorophyllose cells forming a mesh or network, the
 predominance of the hyaline cells explaining the paleness of the plants;
 capsules small, globular, with an operculumn but no peristome. Often
 called the peat or bog mosses. Includes the single family Sphagnaceae
 and the single genus Sphagnum, represented by 17 species in Florida.

             ORDER II.     Andreaeales
  Somewhat intermediate between      the Sphagnales and the Bryales.
Leaves dark brown to blackish, brittle; capsule dehiscing by four or more
longitudinal valves. Sometimes called the granite mosses, they never
grow on calcareous rocks. Not found in Florida.

              OBDER II. Bryales
  Stems simple or branching, arising from filamentous protonemata;
leaves costate or ecostate; capsules sessile or on a long seta, mostly with
an operculum   and peristome. Plants of a wide range of habitats, from
submerged aquatics to mesic or even xeric environments.

  Names for the various taxa appearing herein are those in current usage.
Whenever they differ from    those in Grout's Moss Flora, the binomial
as it appears in that work is also given here; in some cases the
authority for Grout's name was incorrect, hence the discrepancy. No
attempt has been made to give synonymy. The moss flora of Florida as
presented on the following pages consists of 38 families, 108 genera,
and 245 species and varieties. Distribution data for the various taxa
follow two patterns. For those of wide range, not unusual in Florida,


              INTRODUCTION           X9
  Some people have taken exception to the use of the terms "stem" and
"leaf" as applied to gametophytic structures, since traditionally these are
considered sporophytic. New terminology has appeared in the literature
from time to time, but long usage has favored continuance of "stem" and
"leaf" since these structures serve functions attributable to those organs
and since they so resemble then in appearance.
The Musci are the largest group of bryophytes, including several thou-
sand species. They range in size from plants barely visible to the unaided
eye to those reaching several centimeters in height or length. Almost any
textbook of botany or biology will provide the reader with a detailed
account of the structures composing these plants and of the clear-cut
alternation of the independent vegetative sexual phase (gametophyte)
and the more or less dependent spore-producing phase (sporophyte).

             ORDER I. Sphagnales
  Branches in fascicles; leaves ecostate, one cell thick, with large hyaline
cells and smaller chlorophyllose cells forming a mesh or network, the
predominance of the hyaline cells explaining the paleness of the plants;
capsules small, globular, with an operculum but no peristome. Often
called the peat or bog mosses. Includes the single family Sphagnaceae
and the single genus Sphagnum, represented by 17 species in Florida.

             ORDER 11. Andreaeales
  Somewhat intermediate between the Sphagnales and the Bryales.
Leaves dark brown to blackish, brittle; capsule dehiscing by four or more
longitudinal valves. Sometimes called the granite mosses, they never
grow on calcareous rocks. Not found in Florida.

              ORDER III.    Bryales
  Stems simple or branching, arising from filamentous protonemata;
leaves costate or ecostate; capsules sessile or on a long seta, mostly with
an operculum and peristome. Plants of a wide range of habitats, from
submerged aquatics to mesic or even xeric environments.

  Names for the various taxa appearing herein are those in current usage.
Whenever they differ from    those in Grout's Moss Flora, the binomial
as it appears in that work is also given here; in some cases the
authority for Grout's name was incorrect, hence the discrepancy. No
attempt has been made to give synonymy. The moss flora of Florida as
presented on the following pages consists of 38 families, 108 genera,
and 245 species and varieties. Distribution data for the various taxa
follow two patterns. For those of wide range, not unusual in Florida,





frequsently onls Florida counts recrds ae listed. Holwever, a numbeer
ofitasainludled arerelatiely unhknw tropical fores, tr are character-
istically nothern, and occur in the state nose or less at the liuits of
their known erange. These lattee groups also includle records other than
she Florida statisons.
  Fignees sohose umagnifications are' indicatedi an she plates soerr made
withbaBasch &Lobhlri-sitplexs lienpojcto. All other fignes
stere nmade hr toeans of a cantera lucida, and areraeproximately x283.
Mlagnifications of figores oo plates 125-133 (Sphagna), prepared by
Dr. Blomquist, are estimated at x235 for those drawn cith a caterr
lucida.

                HISTORY
  In spite of the tremtendous interest on sloe part of hoth professional
anal atmateur botanists in the vegeration of Florida, seith its largenumbher
of tropical taxaainall plant groups, itis suprisig tonottatopaa-
sitely little seritors osorb has heen clone wit'h the hryophs tea until secet
years, grief lists of species collected ons vacation tilts, or diagnostic treat-
ments ofsomerrelativels unnown and exoticetropical spees comprise
roost of the hrsological litratore ontil about 1540. hine that timse tee-
mendsouos imspetous haas hero gisven to gieldl studies, weith sloe result that
she list of species now bnoson to areas here comspares fatvorahly with that
of othtersell-eorel states.
  One oftherarlistbrological eacrsnes     in Flordaowas that of oe
Finch Aussin and John Donell Smsith in 1070. Starting front Cedar
Ket, they jouney ed hr hoat to Charlotte Hashes, chee thes apparentls
ddan estensive studs of the hryoprhstes occusrring roe sloe shlos monds
in that vicinity. Thes ohe teen t some 90 msiles op the Caloosahatchee
Riser so ILohs Flirt. In the succeeding years news or littde-howsn mosses
soerr desertibed from  these collections in several issues of the Bulletin of
the Torey Botanical Cloth. Smrith also collected ins thec'sinity of
St. Augustine and Jackssonville in 1077-70.
  ho 1091 Incise ML Uderwood cos commissioned hr the United
Stares Departmsent of Agricoltue to study thse extent ande distrihbution of
a cioses disease in central and south Floridla. He seas in the state onlv
threeaorfouroranrhs, hutecolleced a feswsigificanthbrtolgialspeimoens
wshile sstdying tropical fernos. Uneersood's seorh sersedl as a stimulurs to
a nuesber of people to esploe furthoer far new and somtieses exciting
records of tropical bryoplbrtes.
PEabeth Gertrude Brittan, honorors curator of mtosses at she Nest
York Botanical Garden for maul years, visited the Miami area on setral
occasions duringthebfrst quaroterof this century and madeswo te thes


asvi         MrOSSES Or FL OnsD
frequently eels Florida counts records are listed. Hosevser, a numbher
of tasa included ate relativly unkhnown tropical forms, er ar character-
isticalls northern, and occr in she stats ester or less at sloe limits of
their bnoon range. These latter groups also include records other than
she Florida stations.
  Figurses wshose mragnifications are indicated on she plates were md
with a Bausch & LeerS Tri-simplex Micro-projector. All other figures
ore made St means of a causer a lucida, and ass approxiematels x283.
MSagnifbcations of figuresnon plates 125-133 (Sphagrna), prepared by
Dr. Blomquist, a re estimated as x235 for those drarwn wsioh a cameera
lucida.

                HISTORY
  In spits of the tremndous interest an the part of hoth professional
and aesateur botanists in ohs vegetation of Florida, sitb its large numober
of tropical taxa its all tplant groupts, itris surprising to state thatscompara-
tirvclt little serious seark has been rote smith she betyophyte ucnattil recet
roers. Brief lists of specire ollected an vacation trips, or diagnostic treat-
mtro s of sense relaofvels uneknown and exotic tropsical species comprise
mnoso of the hryological lit eratrse oretil about 1540. Since that times ore-
mnous imspetuss hsos been pitenso soieldl studies, oriris the resuts Ithsat
she list of species stat knowrn so teens loere compares favr ably sitb that
of other seB-smashed states.
  Dee of the earliest Srological excrsians ho Floridla seas that oi Car
Finch Astie and John Donnell Smith in 1070. Starting fetes Cedar
Key, shes jousrneyed hs hoot so C harlosse Htarbar, whlere thes apparenstly
did an extcensive sturds of doe brsophytes occurring on she shell msounds
on that vicinits. Thes oh en orest souse 90 nodes op the (oosahatchee
Biter as Lobe Flirt. In the succerelong years nets or little-hearst masses
see described front these collections hr several issues of the Bulleiss of
the Tosses Botaniscal Clob. buntS also collected in ths v icinity of
St. Augustine and Jacksonville in 1877-78.
  In 1051 Luen ML Lndercwood cat commnissioned hr she United
States Deprtetnt of Agriculture so studs she eatent5 and dlistribusion of
aitruss diseasecin centsaloandlsouthsFlridla. Hdemeas inuthesstatesols
ttes or fats maoslot, Soot collected a feso significant bryological specimsens
wshilce sotdying tropical ferns. Underwood's stash seemed as a stimulus to
a number of people so explore further far acew and soetesos raritieg
records of tropical bryoaphsyses.
  Elizabesh Gertrude Britton, honorars curator of moatos as she Nest
YSorb Botanical Garden for snu years, visitred the MSiamsi area on setral
occasionsrduringthelfirst quartereof tis centursndsmadeltosorthree


frequenstsytelly Florid a castr records are listed. Dosswever, a numbher
of taxaincluded aretelatiels unhnowneropiclforms, or arechraer-
istically northern, and acr in sloe stats mare or less as sloe limits of
their hearse range. These laster groups also include rerorsds other shao
she Florida stations.
  Figurer chase smagnifications ore indicated on she plates w ere usade
with a Bausch & LoutS Tri-simsplex MSicro-projeco. AUl other figures
wereemadebyeeanseof acamcera lucida, andare approimaotelyx283.
Malgnifbcations of figures on plates 125-133 (Sphagna), prepared by
Dr. Bloesquiss, ass estimated as x235 for these drawn wish a camera
lucida.

                HISTIOlRY
  In spite of she tremrendous interest on the part of hash professional
andI aemoteur botanists ion ohs vegetatin of Florida, wmith ins large snumeber
of tropscaltaaoinall plant group~s,itis surprising toneatha homps~ara-
tevels little sersors woras has been dosne sthl she Sriyaphy tes urntil recent
yer.Brief lists of species collecteon vnacasion trips, orsiagnosticreat-
meets of some relatiely unown and esothc tropical sperties comprise
msost of ohs hryolagical literotors utonil abosso 1540. Sine star time ore-
mendoas impetus has been girven so field studies, weith she result that
she list ti species now ksnowen so occsur here compares favrablhh  wisth shoot
of ashes weell-w orked stases.
  Oeofsheeariestbrolgial ecursins inFloridamwassthatofof    e
Finch Austin and John Donnell Semith in 1070. Starting from Cedar
Ret, staes joutrneyed Iby boat so ('harlotse Harbor, rwhere stes aprently
ddan extensive study of sloe hryophytes occurring an the shlosh   und
in that v icinity. Them ohsn orestmose 90 omiles op the Caloosahaochee
Rlier so Lobe Flirt. In she succeedhing rearsset or little-knowne masses
stee descri'bed from these collecaions in setveral issues of she Bulletin of
the Tosses Botanical Clob. Smith also collected in sloe vicinity of
St. Angustine and Jacksonvidle in 1877-78.
  In 1091 Lenin M. Lndercood cas commeissionedl hr she United
Stases Departmenut of Agricultssre to stusdytshe esteot asnd distributiin of
aeitrstdeisac'nsei etalansd south Florida. Herwas ithe state sell
threrror fouremonths,Sbtcolected afewsigifcat broogial speins
wmhile studyting tropical ferns. Underwtoodl's smash seemed as a stimualus to
a notches of people so esploe further far ew and sometimes ecching
erorsds of tropical bryophtes.
  Elizabeth Gertrude Brittan, honnear, curator of mosses on ohs Near
York Botanical Garden far stout sears, eisited the 'Siansi area on sevral
occasions sloring sloe fis quaroter of this cenrtury andI mtade twr thre



INTRODUCTION


vVii                 INTRODUCTION


brief excursions to the rich hammocks nearby. With her background of
experience with tropical mosses, it is natural that her collecting was
highly selective, including first records of several species for the United
States. The Bryologist during this period contains several short papers
prepared by her and relating to interesting tropical mosses occurring in
Florida.
Severin Rapp was the first year-round resident bryologist in Florida.
A German immigrant shoemaker, much beloved by young and old alike
in Sanford, untrained and unskilled in botany, he made the first intensive
survey of the bryophytes of any part of the state, collectinginn Seminole
County over a period of several years. He was aided in determinations
and encouraged to pursue his hobby by both Mrs. Britton and Dr. Grout.
As Dr. Grout said of him, "he was endowed with a keen eye and a
critical mind." He was most active about 1915-20, but continued collect-
ing until the time of his death in 1942. Rapp also made extensive hepatic
and lichen collections, many of which were given to the Herbarium of
the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Florida, by court
action, since he left no will.
  For a number of years Dr. and Mrs. A. J. Grout spent the winters at
Manatee (now incorporated with the city of Bradenton). Dr. Grout
thoroughly enjoyed exploring and collecting along the streams and bays
of that part of the state, and made an important contribution to the
knowledge of the state's winter moss flora from that area. He was always
ready for new excursions, and I spent two or three delightful days about
1939-40 in his company collecting in some of my favorite haunts in
north Florida.
  During the 1930's Professor Herman Kurz, then Head of the Depart-
ment of Botany, Florida State College for Women (now Florida State
University), encouraged several students in an extracurricular activity
to make a rather large collection of mosses within a radius of sone 60
miles of the campus. During this same period and in the succeeding years
a number of other persons also collected in various parts of the state.
Among these were J. B. McFarlin (mainly in Polk County and vicinity),
N. A. Murrill (Alachua County), and J. H. Davis, who made collections
of Sphagna in connection with his studies on Florida peat deposits. In
more recent years C. S. Nielsen (1948-56) collected mosses for me while
doing his work on the Cyanophyta. Several of my students have contrib-
uted valuable distribution data. Among these are Martha Nez, Robert K.
Gilpin, Robert Kral, Gilbert C. Hughes, and Luis Almodovar.
Perhaps the most extensive and important field work of recent years,
in addition to my own state-wide work, is that of Ronald A. Pursell, Paul
L. Redfearn, Jr., and W. D. Reese, while attending Florida State Univer-


brief excursions to the rich hammocks nearby. With her background of
experience with tropical mosses, it is natural that her collecting was
highly selective, including first records of several species for the United
States. The Bryologist during this period contains several short papers
prepared by her and relating to interesting tropical mosses occurring in
Florida.
Severin Rapp was the first year-round resident bryologist in Florida.
A German immigrant shoemaker, much beloved by young and old alike
in Sanford, untrained and unskilled in botans, he made the first intensive
survey of the bryophytes of any part of the state, collecting in Seminole
County over a period of several years. He was aided in determinations
and encouraged to pursue his hobby by both Mrs. Britton and Dr. Grout.
As Dr. Grout said of him, "he was endowed with a keen eye and a
critical mind." He was most active about 1915-20, but continued collect-
ing until the time of his death in 1942. Rapp also made extensive hepatic
and lichen collections, many of which were given to the Herbarium of
the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Florida, by court
action, since he left no will.
  For a number of years Dr. and Mrs. A. J. Grout spent the winters at
Manatee (now incorporated with the city of Bradenton). Dr. Grout
thoroughly enjoyed exploring and collecting along the streams and bays
of that part of the state, and made an important contribution to the
knowledge of the state's winter moss flora from that area. He was always
ready for new excursions, and I spent two or three delightful days about
1939-40 in his company collecting in some of my favorite haunts in
north Florida.
  During the 1930's Professor Herman Kurz, then Head of the Depart-
ment of Botany, Florida State College for Women (now Florida State
University), encouraged several students in an extracurricular activity
to make a rather large collection of mosses within a radius of some 60
miles of the campus. During this same period and in the succeeding years
a number of other persons also collected in various parts of the state.
Among these were J. B. McFarlin (mainly in Polk County and vicinity),
W. A. Murrill (Alachua County), and J. H. Davis, who made collections
of Sphagna in connection with his studies on Florida peat deposits. In
more recent years C. S. Nielsen (1948-56) collected mosses for me while
doing his work on the Cyanophyta. Several of my students have contrib-
uted valuable distribution data. Among these are Martha Nez, Robert K.
Gilpin, Robert Kral, Gilbert C. Hughes, and Luis Almodovar.
Perhaps the most extensive and important field work of recent years,
in addition to my own state-wide work, is that of Ronald A. Pursell, Paul
L. Redfearn, Jr., and W. D. Reese, while attending Florida State Univer-


              INTRODUCTION          %V11
brief excursions to the rich hammocks nearby. With her background of
experience with tropical mosses, it is natural that her collecting was
highly selective, including first records of several species for the United
States. The Bryologist during this period contains several short papers
prepared by her and relating to interesting tropical mosses occurring in
Florida.
Severin Rapp was the first year-round resident bryologist in Florida.
A German immigrant shoemaker, much beloved by young and old alike
in Sanford, untrained and unskilled in botany, he made the first intensive
surve  of the bryophytes of any part of the state, collecting in Seminole
County over a period of several years. He was aided in determinations
and encouraged to pursue his hobby by both Mrs. Britton and Dr. Grout.
As Dr. Grout said of him, "he was endowed with a keen eye and a
critical mind." He was most active about 1915-20, but continued collect-
ing until the time of his death in 1942. Rapp also made extensive hepatic
and lichen collections, many of which were given to the Herbarium of
the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Florida, by court
action, since he left no will.
  For a number of years Dr. and Mrs. A. J. Grout spent the winters at
Manatee (now incorporated with the city of Bradenton). Dr. Grout
thoroughly enjoyed exploring and collecting along the streams and bays
of that part of the state, and made an important contribution to the
knowledge of the state's winter moss flora from that area. He was always
ready for new excursions, and I spent two or three delightful days about
1939-40 in his company collecting in some of my favorite haunts in
north Florida,
  During the 1930's Professor Herman Kurz, then Head of the Depart-
ment of Botany, Florida State College for Women (now Florida State
University), encouraged several students in an extracurricular activity
to make a rather large collection of mosses within a radius of some 60
miles of the campus. During this same period and in the succeeding years
a number of other persons also collected in various parts of the state.
Among these were J. B. McFarlin (mainly in Polk County and vicinity),
W. A. Murrill (Alachua County), and J. H. Davis, who made collections
of Sphagna in connection with his studies on Florida peat deposits. In
more recent years C. S. Nielsen (1948-56) collected mosses for me while
doing his work on the Cyanophyta. Several of my students have contrib-
uted valuable distribution data. Among these are Martha Nez, Robert K.
Gilpin, Robert Kral, Gilbert C. Hughes, and Luis Almodovar.
  Perhaps the most extensive and important field work of recent years,
in addition to my own state-wide work, is that of Ronald A. Pursell, Paul
L. Redfearn, Jr., and W. D. Reese, while attending Florida State Univer-

















xviii        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
sity. Their collections have added materially to the list of species now
known to occur in Florida, and have added many range extensions.
Reference has been made elsewhere to the contribution of Leonard Brass.
Howard A. Crum and Lewis E. Anderson have collected throughout the
state, more recently in connection with their work on the mosses of
eastern North America.
  By way of explanation rather than apology for brevity in some places,
or for inconsistencies, I quote from the preface to the first edition (1896)
of H. N. Dixon's The Student's Handbook of British Mosses,
   Of the short-comings of the book no one can be more conscious than
 its authors. It would be inevitable, in dealing with a subject of this
 kind, even with the greatest facilities for attaining accuracy, that
 errors should creep in and facts be overlooked; and when the whole
 of the work has to be done in the scanty leisure snatched from exacting
 professional duties, the obstacles in the way of accuracy are greatly
 increased. I can only ask that the student bear this in mind in passing
 his judgement on the present work, and to be assured that any sug-
 gestions, corrections or additions will be exceedingly welcome,


xviii


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


sity. Their collections have added materially to the list of species now
known to occur in Florida, and have added many range extensions.
Reference has been made elsewhere to the contribution of Leonard Brass.
Howard A. Crum and Lewis E. Anderson have collected throughout the
state, more recently in connection with their work on the mosses of
eastern North America.
By way of explanation rather than apology for brevity in some places,
or for inconsistencies, I quote from the preface to the first edition (1896)
of H. N. Dixon's The Student's Handbook of British Mosses,
   Of the short-comings of the book no one can be more conscious than
 its authors. It would be inevitable, in dealing with a subject of this
 kind, even with the greatest facilities for attaining accuracy, that
 errors should creep in and facts be overlooked; and when the whole
 of the work has to be done in the scanty leisure snatched from exacting
 professional duties, the obstacles in the way of accuracy are greatly
 increased. I can only ask that the student bear this in mind in passing
 his judgement on the present work, and to be assured that any sug-
 gestions, corrections or additions will be exceedingly welcome.


xviii        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
sity. Their collections have added materially to the list of species now
known to occur in Florida, and have added many range extensions.
Reference has been made elsewhere to the contribution of Leonard Brass.
Howard A. Crum and Lewis E. Anderson have collected throughout the
state, more recently in connection with their work on the mosses of
eastern North America.
  By way of explanation rather than apology for brevity in some places,
or for inconsistencies, I quote from the preface to the first edition (1896)
of H. N. Dixon's The Student's Handbook of British Mosses,
   Of the short-comings of the book no one can be more conscious than
 its authors. It would be inevitable, in dealing with a subject of this
 kind, even with the greatest facilities for attaining accuracy, that
 errors should creep in and facts be overlooked; and when the whole
 of the work has to be done in the scanty leisure snatched from exacting
 professional duties, the obstacles in the way of accuracy are greatly
 increased. I can only ask that the student bear this in mind in passing
 his judgement on the present work, and to be assured that any sug-
 gestions, corrections or additions will be exceedingly welcome.














Summaries

of Family Characters


Summaries

of Family Characters


Summaries

of Family Characters


FISSIDENTACEAE Plants minute to 7-8 em high; leaves 2-
               ranked and split to the costa on the inner
               side at the base; costa strong, ending below
               apex to shortly excurrent; leaf cells small,
               smooth or papillose, marginal cells some-
               times differentiated; capsules terminal or lat-
               eral, erect or inclined.
               Fissidens

ARCHIDIACEAE   Plants small, erect; leaves lanceolate-acumi-
               nate, the upper larger and longer than the
               lower; costa ending near or in the tip; cap-
               sules globular, sessile, terminal or on short
               lateral branches, cleistocarpous; spores larg-
               est of the mosses.
               Archidium

DITRICHACEAE   Plants small, erect; leaves slender, with a
               long, slender tip; costa percurrent to excur-
               rent; cells at basal angles not inflated or
               colored; capsules eleistocarpous or with an
               operculum   and peristome; peristome teeth
               16, split almost to the base.
               Bruchia, Ditrichum, Pleuridium, Tremato-
               don


FISSIDENTACEAE Plants minute to 7-8 em high; leaves 2-
               ranked and split to the costa on the inner
               side at the base; costa strong, ending below
               apex to shortly excurrent; leaf cells small,
               smooth   or papillose, marginal cells some-
               times differentiated; capsules terminal or lat-
               eral, erect or inclined.
               Fissidens

ARCHIDIACEAE   Plants small, erect; leaves lanceolate-acumni-
               nate, the upper larger and longer than the
               lower; costa ending near or in the tip; cap-
               sules globular, sessile, terminal or on short
               lateral branches, cleistocarpous; spores larg-
               est of the mosses.
               Archidium

DITRICHACEAE   Plants small, erect; leaves slender, with a
               long, slender tip; costa percurrent to excur-
               rent; cells at basal angles not inflated or
               colored; capsules eleistocarpous or with an
               operculum   and peristome; peristome teeth
               16, split almost to the base.
               Bruchia, Ditrichum, Pleuridium, Tremnato-
               don


FISSIDENTACEAE Plants minute to 7-8 cm high; leaves 2-
               ranked and split to the costa on the inner
               side at the base; costa strong, ending below
               apex to shortly excurrent; leaf cells small,
               smooth or papillose, marginal cells some-
               times differentiated; capsules terminal or lat-
               eral, erect or inclined.
               Fissidens

ARCHIDIACEAE   Plants small, erect; leaves lanceolate-acumi-
               nate, the upper larger and longer than the
               lower; costa ending near or in the tip; cap-
               sules globular, sessile, terminal or on short
               lateral branches, cleistocarpous; spores larg-
               est of the mosses.
               Archidium

DITRICHACEAE   Plants small, erect; leaves slender, with a
               long, slender tip; costa percurrent to excur-
               rent; cells at basal angles not inflated or
               colored; capsules eleistocarpous or with an
               operculum   and peristome; peristome teeth
               16, split almost to the base.
               Bruchia, Ditrichum, Pleuridium, Tremato-
               don



XX          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
DICRANACEAE    Plants small to robust, erect; leaves lanceo-
               late, straight and erect or curved and turned
               in one direction; costa strong, percurrent to
               excurrent; cells at basal angles sometimes in-
               flated and colored; capsules terminal; peri-
               stome teeth 16, split half their length.
               Campylopus, Dicranella, Dicranum

LEUCOBRYACEAE  Plants small to moderately robust, erect, per-
               ennial; leaves crowded, brittle, pale green
               to whitish, consisting mainly of a broad costa
               of 3 or more layers of cells, the outer large,
               hyaline, and porose, and enclosing 1 or more
               rows of small, 3-4-sided chlorophyllose cells;
               capsules small, straight to inclined.
               Leucobryum, Octoblepharum

CALYMPERACEAE  Plants small to robust, erect; leaves crowded,
               dull green to brownish, lanceolate to spatu-
               late, the sheathing bases with a conspicuous
               area of large, inflated, hyaline cells next to
               the costa; margin differentiated; costa strong,
               ending near apex or shortly excurrent, and
               often bearing numerous filamentous propag-
               ula on the upper surface; capsules erect,
               cylindric.
               Calymperes, Syrrhopodon

POTTIACEAE     Plants small, erect, mostly dull green, of-
               ten growing on limestone; leaves variously
               shaped, usually contorted when dry; costa
               strong, ending below apex to long-excurrent;
               capsules erect, sessile or stalked, cleistocar-
               pous or with peristome of 16 long, divided,
               often spirally twisted teeth.
               Acaulon, Astomum, Barbula, Desmatodon,
               Didymodon,    Eucladium,    Gymnostomiellua,
               Gymnostomum, Hyophila, Luisierella, Mo-
               lendoa, Splachnobryum, Tortella, Tricho-
               stomum, Weissia

GRIMMIACEAE    Plants in loose to dense tufts, dark green to
               blackish, sometimes hoary at tips, growing on
               trees or non-calcareous rock; costa absent,
               ending in   tip, or excurrent; capsules on
               short setae; peristome single or absent.
               Grimmia, Hedwigia, Ptychomitrium


xx          MOSSEs OF FLORIDA
DICRANACEAE    Plants small to robust, erect; leaves lanceo-
               late, straight and erect or curved and turned
               in one direction; costa strong, percurrent to
               excurrent; cells at basal angles sometimes in-
               flated and colored; capsules terminal; peri-
               stome teeth 16, split half their length.
               Campylopus, Dicranella, Dicranum

LEUCOBRYACEAE  Plants small to moderately robust, erect, per-
               ennial; leaves crowded, brittle, pale green
               to whitish, consisting mainly of a broad costa
               of 3 or more layers of cells, the outer large,
               hyaline, and porose, and enclosing 1 or more
               rows of small, 3-4-sided chlorophyllose cells;
               capsules small, straight to inclined.
               Leucobryum, Octoblepharun

CALYMPERACEAE  Plants small to robust, erect; leaves crowded,
               dull green to brownish, lanceolate to spatu-
               late, the sheathing bases with a conspicuous
               area of large, inflated, hyaline cells next to
               the costa; margin differentiated; costa strong,
               ending near apex or shortly excurrent, and
               often bearing numerous filamentous propag-
               ula on the upper surface; capsules erect,
               cylindric.
               Calymperes, Syrrhopodon


xx          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
DICRANACEAE    Plants small to robust, erect; leaves lanceo-
               late, straight and erect or curved and turned
               in one direction; costa strong, percurrent to
               excurrent; cells at basal angles sometimes in-
               flated and colored; capsules terminal; peri-
               stome teeth 16, split half their length.
               Campylopus, Dicranella, Dicranum

LEUCOBRYACEAE  Plants small to moderately robust, erect, per-
               ennial; leaves crowded, brittle, pale green
               to whitish, consisting mainly of a broad costa
               of 3 or more layers of cells, the outer large,
               hyaline, and porose, and enclosing 1 or more
               rows of small, 3-4-sided chlorophyllose cells;
               capsules small, straight to inclined.
               Leucobryum, Octoblepharum

CALYMPERACEAE  Plants small to robust, erect; leaves crowded,
               dull green to brownish, lanceolate to spatu-
               late, the sheathing bases with a conspicuous
               area of large, inflated, hyaline cells next to
               the costa; margin differentiated; costa strong,
               ending near apex or shortly excurrent, and
               often bearing numerous filamentous propag-
               ula on the upper surface; capsules erect,
               cylindric.
               Calymperes, Syrrhopodon


POTTIACEAE


Plants small, erect, mostly dull green, of-
ten growing on limestone; leaves variously
shaped, usually contorted when dry; costa
strong, ending below apex to long-excurrent;
capsules erect, sessile or stalked, cleistocar-
pous or sith peristome of 16 long, divided,
often spirally twisted teeth.
Acaulon, Astomum, Barbula, Desmatodon,
Didymodon,    Eucladium,    Gymnostomiella,
Cymnostomum, Hyophila, Luisierella, Mo-
lendoa, Splachnobryum, Tortella, Tricho-
stomum, Weissia


POTTIACEAE


Plants small, erect, mostly dull green, of-
ten growing on limestone; leaves variously
shaped, usually contorted when dry; costa
strong, ending below apex to long-excurrent;
capsules erect, sessile or stalked, cleistocar-
pous or with peristome of 16 long, divided,
often spirally twisted teeth.
Acaulon, Astomum, Barbula, Desmatodon,
Didymodon,     Eucladium,   Gymnostomiella,
Gymnostomum, Hyophila, Luisierella, Mo-
lendoa, Splachnobryum, Tortella, Tricho-
stomum, Weissia


GRIMMIACEAE    Plants in loose to dense tufts, dark green to
               blackish, sometimes hoary at tips, growing on
               trees or non-calcareous rock; costa absent,
               ending in   tip, or excurrent; capsules on
               short setae; peristome single or absent.
               Grimmia, Hedwigia, Ptychomitrium


GRIMMI ACEAE   Plants in loose to dense tufts, dark green to
               blackish, sometimes hoary at tips, growing on
               trees or non-calcareous rock; costa absent,
               ending in   tip, or excurrent; capsules on
               short setae; peristome single or absent.
               Grimmia, Hedwigia, Ptychomitrium





EPHEMERACEAE   Plants minute, stemless or nearly so from
               a conspicuous, persistent pestonema; leaves
               few, narrow; costa present or absent; cap-
               sules sessile or nearly so, globose, abruptly
               short-tipped, cleistocarpous or with poorly
               defined dehiscence.
               Ephemerum, Nanomitrium

FUNARIACEAE    Plants light green, leaves often crowded into
               a cluster around base of seta; leaves soft,
               ovate-lanceolate; costa strong, ending near
               apex; leaf cells large, lax, border weakly de-
               fined; capsules immersed or on long setae,
               globose to pear-shaped, erect and symmetric
               to inclined and asymmetric; peristome ab-
               sent, single, or double.
               Aphanorrhegma, Entosthodon, Funaria, Phys-
               comitrium

SPLACHNACEAE   Plants erect, very dark green, glossy, growing
               on dung, bones, or rich organic soils; leaves
               lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire or with a
               few large teeth on the upper margin; costa
               strong, percurrent; leaf cells large, lax; cap-
               sule bright orange, with a dark green to
               purplish hvpophysis longer than the urn.
               Tetraplodon

ERPODIACEAE    Plants very small, delicate, resembling a
               leafy liverwort; leaves crowded, flattened,
               the lateral leaves ovate, asymmetric, the
               ventral leaves much smaller, both forms ecos-
               tate; cells small, papillose; capsules on short
               lateral branches; peristome absent.
               Solmsiella


            FAMILY CHARACTERS        XXI
EPHEMERACEAE   Plants minute, stemless or nearly so from
               a conspicuous, persistent peotonema; leaves
               few, narrow; costa present or absent; cap-
               sules sessile or nearly so, globose, abruptly
               short-tipped, cleistocarpous or with poorly
               defined dehiscence.
               Ephemerum, Nanomitrium

FUNARIACEAE    Plants light green, leaves often crowded into
               a cluster around base of seta; leaves soft,
               ovate-lanceolate; costa strong, ending near
               apex; leaf cells large, lax, border weakly de-
               fined; capsules immersed or on long setae,
               globose to pear-shaped, erect and symmetric
               to inclined and asymmetric; peristome ab-
               sent, single, or double.
               Aphanorrhegma, Entosthodon, Funaria, Phys-
               comitrium

SPLACHNACEAE   Plants erect, very dark green, glossy, growing
               on dung, bones, or rich organic soils; leaves
               lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire or with a
               few large teeth on the upper margin; costa
               strong, percurrent; leaf cells large, lax; cap-
               sule bright orange, with a dark green to
               purplish hypophysis longer than the urn.
               Tetraplodon

ERPODIACEAE    Plants very small, delicate, resembling a
               leafy liverwort; leaves crowded, flattened,
               the lateral leaves ovate, asymmetric, the
               ventral leaves much smaller, both forms ecos-
               rate; cells small, papillose; capsules on short
               lateral branches; peristome absent.
               Solmsiella


            FAMILY CHARACTERS        XXt

EPHEMERACEAE   Plants minute, stemless or nearly so from
               a conspicuous, persistent protonema; leaves
               few, narrow; costa present or absent; cap-
               sules sessile or nearly so, globose, abruptly
               short-tipped, cleistocarpous or with poorly
               defined dehiscence.
               Ephemerum, Nanomitrium

FUNARIACEAE    Plants light green, leaves often crowded into
               a cluster around base of seta; leaves soft,
               ovate-lanceolate; costa strong, ending near
               apex; leaf cells large, lax, border weakly de-
               fined; capsules immersed or on long setae,
               globose to pear-shaped, erect and symmetric
               to inclined and asymmetric; peristome ab-
               sent, single, or double.
               Aphanorrhegma, Entosthodon, Funaria, Phys-
               comitrium

SPLACHNACEAE   Plants erect, very dark green, glossy, growing
               on dung, bones, or rich organic soils; leaves
               lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire or with a
               few large teeth on the upper margin; costa
               strong, percurrent; leaf cells large, lax; cap-
               sule bright orange, with a dark green to
               purplish hypophysis longer than the urn.
               Tetraplodon

ERPODIACEAE    Plants very small, delicate, resembling a
               leafy liverwort; leaves crowded, flattened,
               the lateral leaves ovate, asymmetric, the
               ventral leaves much smaller, both forms ecos-
               tate; cells small, papillose; capsules on short
               lateral branches; peristome absent.
               Solmsiella


ORTHOTRICHACEAE


Plants in extensive brownish-green mats, pri-
mary stems creeping, secondary stems erect;
leaves crowded, in rosettes, crisped when
dry, often wrinkled near tips; costa strong,
percurrent; leaf cells small, thick-walled;
capsules on short setae, erect.
Groutiella, Macromitrium, Schlotheimia

Plants pale green to yellowish; leaves large,
ovate to lanceolate, irregularly and coarsely


ORTHOTRICHACEAE


Plants in extensive brownish-green mats, pri-
mary stems creeping, secondary stems erect;
leayes crowded, in rosettes, crisped when
dry, often wrinkled near tips; costa strong,
percurrent; leaf cells small, thick-walled;
capsules on short setae, erect.
Groutiella, Macromitrium, Schlotheimia


ORTHOTRICHACEAE


Plants in extensive brownish-green mats, pri-
mary stems creeping, secondary stems erect;
leaves crowded, in rosettes, crisped when
dry, often wrinkled near tips; costa strong,
percurrent; leaf cells small, thick-walled;
capsules on short setae, erect.
Groutiella, Macromitrium, Schlotheimia

Plants pale green to yellowish; leaves large,
ovate to lanceolate, irregularly and coarsely


AULACOMNIACEAE


AULACOMNIACEAE             Plants pale green to yellowish; leaves large,
               ovate to lanceolate, irregularly and coarsely


AULACOMNIACEAE



xxii         MOSSES OF FLORIDA

               toothed in upper part; costa strong, ending
               below apex; cells small, thick-walled.
               Aulacomnium

BARTRAMIACEAE  Plants densely tufted, pale green, often
               branching near the tip; leaves triangular,
               sometimes long-tipped; costa strong, ending
               below apex, percurrent, or excurrent; cells
               papillose by projecting cell angles; capsules
               large in relation to the plants, globose, some-
               what curved, on long setae.
               Philonotis

BRYACEAE       Plants tufted, erect; leaves lanceolate to ob-
               ovate, often bordered; costa strong, percur-
               rent to excurrent; cells longer than broad,
               rectangular to linear; capsules erect to pend-
               ent, symmetric, often with prominent neck.
               Brachymeniun, Bryum, Leptobryum

MNIACEAE       Stems prostrate, the fertile tips somewhat
               erect; leaves ovate, sharply tipped, crisped
               when dry; costa strong, ending near or in
               the apex; cells short, round to hexagonal,
               marginal cells elongate, hyaline, with teeth
               in a single or double row; capsules inclined,
               with a short neck.
               Mnium

RHIZOGONIACEAE Plants robust, in extensive mats, deep yel-
               lowish- or brownish-green, with a feathery
               appearance, growing in wet places; leaves
               large, linear-lanceolate, the margins thick-
               ened and with paired teeth from base to
               tip; costa strong, ending in the pointed tip;
               capsules curved to horizontal.
               Rhizogonium

 RHACOPILACEAE Plants dark green, stems creeping; lateral
               leaves in 2 rows, somewhat asymmetric, in-
               distinctly bordered, the dorsal leaves much
               smaller; costa strong, excurrent.
               Rhacopilum

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE            Plants slender to robust, glossy; leaves ovate
               to ovate-lanceolate; costa ending in mid-leaf
               or in apex; leaf cells longer than broad, cells


MOSSES OF FLORIDA              xxii


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


               toothed in upper part; costa strong, ending
               below apex; cells small, thick-walled.
               Aulacomnium

BARTRAMIACEAE  Plants densely tufted, pale green, often
               branching near the tip; leaves triangular,
               sometimes long-tipped; costa strong, ending
               below apex, percurrent, or excurrent; cells
               papillose by projecting cell angles; capsules
               large in relation to the plants, globose, some-
               what curved, on long setae.
               Philonotis


               toothed in upper part; costa strong, ending
               below apex; cells small, thick-walled.
               Aulacomnium

BARTRAMIACEAE  Plants densely tufted, pale green, often
               branching near the tip; leaves triangular,
               sometimes long-tipped; costa strong, ending
               below apex, percurrent, or excurrent; cells
               papillose by projecting cell angles; capsules
               large in relation to the plants, globose, some-
               what curved, on long setae.
               Philonotis


BRYACEAE






MNIACEAE


Plants tufted, erect; leaves lanceolate to ob-
ovate, often bordered; costa strong, percur-
rent to excurrent; cells longer than broad,
rectangular to linear; capsules erect to pend-
ent, symmetric, often with prominent neck.
Brachymeniunm, Bryum, Leptobryum

Stems prostrate, the fertile tips somewhat
erect; leaves ovate, sharply tipped, crisped
when dry; costa strong, ending near or in
the apex; cells short, round to hexagonal,
marginal cells elongate, hyaline, with teeth
in a single or double row; capsules inclined,
with a short neck.
Mnium


BRIYACEAE






MINIACEAE


Plants tufted, erect; leaves lanceolate to ob-
ovate, often bordered; costa strong, percur-
rent to excurrent; cells longer than broad,
rectangular to linear; capsules erect to pend-
ent, symmetric, often with prominent neck.
Brachymenium, Bryum, Leptobryum

Stems prostrate, the fertile tips somewhat
erect; leaves ovate, sharply tipped, crisped
when dry; costa strong, ending near or in
the apex; cells short, round to hexagonal,
marginal cells elongate, hyaline, with teeth
in a single or double row; capsules inclined,
with a short neck.
Mnium


RHIZOGONIACEAE Plants robust, in extensive mats, deep yel-
               lowish- or brownish-green, with a feathery
               appearance, growing in wet places; leaves
               large, linear-lanceolate, the margins thick-
               ened and with paired teeth from base to
               tip; costa strong, ending in the pointed tip;
               capsules curved to horizontal.
               Rhizogonium

RHACOPILACEAE  Plants dark green, stems creeping; lateral
               leaves in 2 rows, somewhat asymmetric, in-
               distinctly bordered, the dorsal leaves much
               smaller; costa strong, excurrent.
               Rhacopilum

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE             Plants slender to robust, glossy; leaves ovate
               to ovate-lanceolate; costa ending in mid-leaf
               or in apex; leaf cells longer than broad, cells


RHIZOGONIACEAE Plants robust, in extensive mats, deep yel-
               lowish- or brownish-green, with a feathery
               appearance, growing in wet places; leaves
               large, linear-lanceolate, the margins thick-
               ened and with paired teeth from base to
               tip; costa strong, ending in the pointed tip;
               capsules curved to horizontal.
               Rhizogonium

RHACOPIIACEAE  Plants dark green, stems creeping; lateral
               leaves in 2 rows, somewhat asymmetric, in-
               distinctly bordered, the dorsal leaves much
               smaller; costa strong, excurrent.
               Rhacopilum

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE            Plants slender to robust, glossy; leaves ovate
               to ovate-lanceolate; costa ending in mid-leaf
               or in apex; leaf cells longer than broad, cells



FAMILY CHARACTERS       xxitt
   in basal angles sometimes differentiated; cap-
   sules curved, somewhat asymmetric, often
   constricted under the mouth when dry.
   Amblystegiella, Amblystegium, Campylium,
   Hygroamblystegium, Leptodictyum, Platylo-
   mella


FAMILY CHARACTERS       xxiii

   in basal angles sometimes differentiated; cap-
   sules curved, somewhat asymmetric, often
   constricted under the mouth when drv.
   Amblystegiella, Amblystegium, Campylium,
   Hygroamblystegium, Leptodictyum, Platylo-
   mella


BRACHYTHECIACEAE


Plants slender to robust, glossy; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, often wrinkled vertically, apex ob-
tuse to slender; costa ending about mid-leaf;
cells in alar region frequently conspicuously
differentiated; capsules oblong or ovoid, erect
and symmetric to inclined or horizontal and
asymmetric.
Brachythecium, Cirriphyllut, Homalotheci-
ella, Oxyrrhynchium, Rhynchostegium


BRACHYTHECIACEAE


Plants slender to robust, glossy; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, often wrinkled vertically, apex ob-
tuse to slender; costa ending about mid-leaf;
cells in alar region frequently conspicuously
differentiated; capsules oblong or ovoid, erect
and symmetric to inclined or horizontal and
asymmetric.
Brachythecium, Cirriphyllum, Hosoalotheci-
ella, Oxyrrhynchium, Rhynchostegium


BRACHYTHECIACEAE


in basal angles sometimes differentiated; cap-
sules curved, somewhat asymmetric, often
constricted under the mouth when dry.
Amblystegiella, Amblystegium, Campylium,
Hygroamblystegium, Leptodictyum, Platylo-
mella

Plants slender to robust, glossy; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, often wrinkled vertically, apex ob-
tuse to slender; costa ending about mid-leaf;
cells in alar region frequently conspicuously
differentiated; capsules oblong or ovoid, erect
and symmetric to inclined or horizontal and
asymmetric.
Brachythecium, Cirriphyllum, Homalotheci-
ella, Oxyrrhynchium, Rhynchostegium


CLIMACIACEAE   Plants large, dark green, more or less den-
               droid; leaves large, crowded, broadly ovate-
               lanceolate,  auriculate,  margins    coarsely
               toothed at apex; costa strong, ending below
               the apex.
               Climacium

ENTODONTACEAE  Plants julaceous or flattened, glossy; leaves
               ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sharply tipped, con-
               cave; costa absent or short and double; large
               area of small quadrate cells in basal angles,
               extending some distance up the margin; cap-
               sules cylindric, erect, symmetric; seta yellow
               to red.
               Entodon

HYPNACEAE      Plants slender, sometimes glossy, frequently
               flattened; leaves symmetric or asymmetric,
               ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes curv-
               ed in one direction; costa short and double
               or absent; cells in alar region differentiated;
               capsules erect to horizontal.
               Ectropothecium,    Hypnum,     Isopterygium,
               Mittenothamnium,     Platygyrium,   Pylaisia,
               Taxiphyllum, Vesicularia


CLIMACIACEAE   Plants large, dark green, more or less den-
               droid; leaves large, crowded, broadly ovate-
               lanceolate,  auriculate,  margins  coarsely
               toothed at apex; costa strong, ending below
               the apex.
               Climacium

ENTODONTACEAE  Plants julaceous or flattened, glossy; leaves
               ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sharply tipped, con-
               cave; costa absent or short and double; large
               area of small quadrate cells in basal angles,
               extending some distance up the margin; cap-
               sules cylindric, erect, symmetric; seta yellow
               to red.
               Entodon


CLIMACIACEAE   Plants large, dark green, more or less den-
               droid; leaves large, crowded, broadly ovate-
               lanceolate,  auriculate,  margins    coarsely
               toothed at apex; costa strong, ending below
               the apex.
               Climacium

ENTODONTACEAE  Plants julaceous or flattened, glossy; leaves
               ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sharply tipped, con-
               cave; costa absent or short and double; large
               area of small quadrate cells in basal angles,
               extending some distance up the margin; cap-
               sules cylindric, erect, symmetric; seta yellow
               to red.
               Entodon


HYPNACEAE


Plants slender, sometimes glossy, frequently
flattened; leaves symmetric or asymmetric,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes curv-
ed in one direction; costa short and double
or absent; cells in alar region differentiated;
capsules erect to horizontal.
Ectropothecium,   Hypnum,     Isopterygium,
Mittenothamnium,     Platygyrium,  Pylaisia,
Taxiphyllum, Vesicularia

Plants slender, flattened, glossy; leaves asym-
metric, ovate-lanceolate  to  oblong, apex
obtuse to pointed; costa single, ending in
mid-leaf or beyond, short and double, or


HYPNACEAE


Plants slender, sometimes glossy, frequently
flattened; leaves symmetric or asymmetric,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes curv-
ed in one direction; costa short and double
or absent; cells in alar region differentiated;
capsules erect to horizontal.
Ectropothecium,   Hypnum,     Isopterygium,
Mittenothamnium,     Platygyrium,  Pylaisia,
Taxiphyllum, Vesicularia

Plants slender, flattened, glossy; leaves asym-
metric, ovate-lanceolate  to  oblong, apex
obtuse to pointed; costa single, ending in
mid-leaf or beyond, short and double, or


PLAGIOTHECIACEAE


Plants slender, flattened, glossy; leaves assm-
metric, ovate-lanceolate  to  oblong, apex
obtuse to pointed; costa single, ending in
mid-leaf or beyond, short and double, or


PLAGIOTHECIACEAE


PLAGIOTHECIACEAE



MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  absent; cells in alar region scarcely differ-
  entiated.
  Plagiothecium, Stereophyllum


xxiv        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
               absent; cells in alar region scarcely differ-
               entiated.
               Plagiothecium, Stereophyllum


xxiv


MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  absent; cells in alar region scarcely differ-
  entiated.
  Plagiothecium, Stereophyllum


SEMATOPHYLLACEAE


LESKEACEAE


Plants slender, glossy, ends of stems and
branches frequently curved upward; leaves
ovate, acuminate, often turned in one direc-
tion, margins recurved toward base; costa
short and double or absent; cells differenti-
ated in basal angles; capsules small, cylin-
dric, erect or inclined.
Acroporium, Sematophyllum, Taxithelium

Plants slender to robust, in dull, dark green
to brownish mats; paraphyllia present or ab-
sent; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate;
costa variable; cells small, short, usually
papillose; capsules erect and symmetric to
inclined and curved.
Anomodon, Haplocladium, HPaplohynenium,
Herpetineurum, Leskea, Thelia, Thidium

Primary stems slender, creeping, bearing
erect secondary stems that are pinnately or
bipinnately branched, flattened; lateral leaves
ovate, asymmetric, costa ending below apex,
the ventral leaves much smaller, bordered,
costa percurrent to excurrent.
Hypopterygium


SEMATOPHYLLACEAE


IRSKEACEAE


Plants slender, glossy, ends of stems and
branches frequently curved upward; leaves
ovate, acuminate, often turned in one direc-
tion, margins recurved toward base; costa
short and double or absent; cells differenti-
ated in basal angles; capsules small, cylin-
dric, erect or inclined.
Acroporium, Sematophyllum, Taxithelium

Plants slender to robust, in dull, dark green
to brownish mats; paraphyllia present or ab-
sent; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate;
costa variable; cells small, short, usually
papillose; capsules erect and symmetric to
inclined and curved.
Anomodon, Haplocladium, Haplohn nuuissn,
Herpetineurum, Leskea, Thelia, Thaidisusn

Primary stems slender, creeping, bearing
erect secondary stems that are pinnately or
bipinnately branched, flattened; lateral leaves
ovate, asymmetric, costa ending below apex,
the ventral leaves much smaller, bordered,
costa percurrent to excurrent.
Hypopterygium


SEMATOPHYLLACEAE


LRSKEACRAE


Plants slender, glossy, ends of stems and
branches frequently curved upward; leaves
ovate, acuminate, often turned in one direc-
tion, margins recurved toward base; costa
short and double or absent; cells differenti-
ated in basal angles; capsules small, cylin-
dric, erect or inclined.
Acroporium, Sematophyllum, Taxithelium

Plants slender to robust, in dull, dark green
to brownish mats; paraphyllia present or ab-
sent; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate;
costa variable; cells small, short, usually
papillose; capsules erect and symmetric to
inclined and curved.
Anomodon, Haplocladium, Haplohymeniu,
Herpetineurum, Leskea, Thelia, 'hutidirn

Primary stems slender, creeping, bearing
erect secondary stems that are pinnately or
bipinnately branched, flattened; lateral leaves
ovate, asymmetric, costa ending below apex,
the ventral leaves much smaller, bordered,
costa percurrent to excurrent.
Hypopterygium


HYPOPTERYGIACEAE


14YPOPTERYGIACEAE


HYPOPTERYGIACEAE


HOOKERIACEAE   Plants delicate, small to robust; leaves
               broadly ovate and sharply tipped to ovate-
               lanceolate, flattened, sometimes bordered;
               costa strong and conspicuous, double, extend-
               ing to mid-leaf or beyond; leaf cells smooth
               or papillose; capsules small, inclined    to
               horizontal.
               Callicostella, Cyclodictyon, Lepidopilum

NECKERACEAE    Plants rather robust, secondary stems erect
               to pendent; leaves large, crowded, lingulate,
               flattened, the apex truncate or with a small,
               sharp tip; costa slender, ending above mid-
               leaf, nearer the lower margin; capsules
               lateral, immersed or shortly exserted.
               Neckeropsis.


HOOKERIACEAE   Plants delicate, small to robust; leaves
               broadly ovate and sharply tipped to ovate-
               lanceolate, flattened, sometimes bordered;
               costa strong and conspicuous, double, extend-
               ing to mid-leaf or beyond; leaf cells smooth
               or papillose; capsules small, inclined    to
               horizontal.
               Callicostella, Cyclodictyon, Lepidopilum

NECKERACEAE    Plants rather robust, secondary stems erect
               to pendent; leaves large, crowded, lingolate,
               flattened, the apex truncate or with a small,
               sharp tip; costa slender, ending above mid-
               leaf, nearer the lower margin; capsules
               lateral, immersed or shortly exserted.
               Neckeropsis_


HOOKERIACEAE   Plants delicate, small to robust; leaves
               broadly ovate and sharply tipped to ovate-
               lanceolate, flattened, sometimes bordered;
               costa strong and conspicuous, double, extend-
               ing to mid-leaf or beyond; leaf cells smooth
               or papillose; capsules small, inclined      to
               horizontal.
               Callicostella, Cyclodictyon, Lepidopilum

NECKERACEAE    Plants rather robust, secondary stems erect
               to pendent; leaves large, crowded, lingulate,
               flattened, the apex truncate or with a small,
               sharp tip; costa slender, ending above mid-
               leaf, nearer   the  lower margin; capsules
               lateral, immersed or shortly exserted.
               Neckeropsis





iIPTPOPIA( PAP Places slendcer to rsost, bralnclies penclent;
               leases croswded, ov ate-lanccolatc, acumcinate;
               costa to mid-leaf oe bieyned; basal cells sftene
                  yelw eroange and pocrose.
               Blarbella, Aieteociopsis, Papillacia

PTPPICIBPYA( PAP            Places esbest, peimtary stems slendee, ceeep-
               ing, the secondary seems simple ce branched,
               ereet so pecent; leases ceowdedi, ovate-
               lanceolare, acuminate, spoon-shaped; eosta
               slender, single, sheet and doltthe, or absecs.
               Jaegccina, Picella

ILL (79 LONTA( PAL          Planes selloscish to beowsnisbt-geec, msl
               glees, beanches teresct, ascending, cc pend-
               cut; leases crowsded, osvate-lanceolate, tipped,
               slightlyedecureeent; costa slcgle, sheet and
               double, or ahsent; laege aeeaof shquadare
               cells in basal angles; caisules ovoid to clo-
               dric, eeect, symecetris; setae   of tact lug
               lengtbs.
               Focrsremia,  Ieueodosn,  ieutcodonttopstis,
               ltsr docce phae

CiIYPil IPACPAE             Places slendee, recsentbling poochy dev eloped
               Forstroemia; beanches erect oe cuesed up-
               wsaed; leases cowvded, ovate-lanceclate, coo-
               case; costa single, to mid-leaf cc beyond;
               a large area of dlifferentiatedi cells in basal

               Cryphaea

FABRIONIACEAE  Plants sees smsall, deli cate, glossy; leases
               ovate to ov ate-lanceolate, ceowdcedl, wsith nu-
                    mru qudaecells alotng basal maegin;
               ccsta to nmid-leaf oreabsent; cells smootnrb
               papillose; capsules ecect, symmseric.
               Anacamptodont,     Clasmatodon,    Fabrouia,
               Schwcetschheopsis

FONTPINALACFlEP             Plaots aquatic, attached tc bases of trees acnd
               rccsi, daeb green, brown, see blackish; stems
               limp oe rigi, branched, up to if ccc long;
               leases usually 3-racked, somtetimes stitb die-
               tinct auricles;scosta present rabsenc.
               Brchbelynta, Dichelymra, F-otinalis


IPPPTOP,IACPAE Plants sleccder to rohust, branches pendent;
               leases crowdedl, ocvate-latnceolate, acuntinate;
               costa to meid-leaf or heycnd; basal cells often
               celosw cr orange anti porose.
               Barbtella, iieeriolttis, Papillaria

itTPEiOfIYA( Ff I           Plants cobast, primtary scents slendee, ceep-
               ing, the secondary stems simsple cc branched,
               erect to  pendent; leases croweded, ocvate-
               lanceolate, acuminate, spcon-shaped; cotta
               slender, single, short and douhle, orasect.
               Jaegerina, Piceella


LEU CODOIENTACEAE


Plants yellowtish to browvnisb-gceen, msostly
giossy, branches erec t, ascen dbng, oc pend-
ens; foarts  crowded, ocate-lanceolate, tipped,
sllgbtly ccueren; costa single, sihort anti
double, or absent; large area of subquadratc
cells in basal anegles; capsules os-old to clo-
dric, erec, scmmetric; scta       of varing
lengtbs.
Forctemeoia, Leutcodon, Lecodontocpsis,
Pseucdocryphbaea


IEPTEORIACEAP  Plants slener to rohust, branches pendent;
               leases crocwded, ocvate-lanceolate, aceseinate;
               costa to msid-lcaf or heyondl; basal cells often
               yellowc or orange and porese.
               Bacbella, tlleteociopeis, Papillacia

PTEROBRdYACEAP Plants tobust, primary stetms slender, ceep-
               ing, the secndary sterns simple or branched,
               tenect to pendent; feate cr eowsded, ovate-
               lanceolate, acuminate, spoon-shaped; costa
               slendeccingle, short anddouhle, or ahsent.
               Jaegerinsa, Piceella

I P(CODONTACPAP Plants cellocish to bcownisb-green, motly
               glossy, branclses erct, ascending, or pend-
               eset; leases scrowed, ovate-laneolate, tipped,
               sligbtly decurcnet;ecosta single, shoes andi
               doubble, or abcs-nt; large area of suhquadratc
               cels in basal anglesc; capsutlesovoitio cylin-
               drcic, erect, sytmmetric; setae  of  tatting
               lengtbs.
               Forssroemia,   Leucodon,    Lencodoetopis,
               Pseudioccsyphaca

CRIYPHAPACPAP  Plants slender, resembling poochy dev eloped
               Porssroemia; branches erect orecurvedlup-
               wacri; leases crowsded, osate-laneolate, con-
               cave; costa single, tonmid-leafnorbeond;
               a large area of dlifferentiated cells in basal
               angles;eapsls immesedl.
               Cry phaea

FABROIsACEAE   Plants sect small, delicate, glossy; leases
               ovate to ovate-lanceolate, crowed, wvithnu
               nterous quadrtate cells alotng basal macfin;
               costa to md-leaf or absent; ccelie smooth or
               papillose; captstleseerecr, symmetic.
               Anacamtupodo,     Clasmatodon,    Fabronia,
               Schwetrechkeopsis

FONTINALACEAE  Plants aquaric, attached to bates of trees and
               rocks, dack green, brown, or blackish; stems
               limp cr rigid, branched, op to 15 cm long;
               leases usually I-ranked, sometimes cithi dis-
               tinct auricles; costa tpresenr oreabsent.
               Brachelynma, Dichelyma, Fontinalis


CRdYPtHAPACEAE Plants slenrre, resembling poorly des-eloped
               Poc.strcoemia; branches erect or curved up-
               wsard; leases cowdred, ocvate-lanceolate, coo-
               case; costa tingle, to nmid-ieaf or beyondl;
               a large area of diffecretiatedl cells ire basal
               angles; cpue mesd
               Cryphaea

F-ABRONsIlACPiP Plants very small, delicate, giossy; leases
               ovate to co ate-lanceolate, cocwded, withnu
               merous quadrate cells along basal mrgein;
               cosra to mid-leaf or absent; cells smoothe or
               papillose; capsules erect, symmettic.
               Anacampodonr,     Clasmarodone,   Pabronia,
               Schesechheopsis

FONrTINAi LAP             Plants aquatic, attached to bases of trees and
               rocks, dark green, beaten, cc blackish; stees
               litmp cc rigid, branched, up to 15 cm long;
               leases sually 3-ranekedl, sometimnes wimth die-
               tincet aricles;ecosta present cc absent.
               Brchelyma, Dichelyma, Fontinalis
















xxvi         MOSSES OF FLORIDA
POLYTRICHACEAE Plants usually robust, perennial, green to
               brownish-red, mostly in dense tufts; leaves
               rigid, sheathing at base, with lamellae in
               longitudinal rows on upper surface of the
               costa; costa single, percurrent to excurrent,
               occupying most of the upper part of the leaf
               blade in some cases; capsule erect to in-
               clined, sometimes angled; peristome of 32-64
               short, rounded teeth, their tips attached to
               a thin membrane.
               Atrichum, Pogonatum, Polytrichum

SPHAGNACEAE    Plants of wet, acid habitats, mostly large;
               most easily recognized by the ecostate leaves
               composed of 2 kinds of cells in net-like ar-
               rangement; large, hyaline cells having spiral
               fibrils and pores, and smaller, narrower,
               chlorophyllose cells; capsules small, globular,
               brownish, with a small operculum but no
               peristome.
               Sphagnum


xxvi         MOSSES OF FLORIDA
POLYTRICHACEAE Plants usually robust, perennial, green to
               brownish-red, mostly in dense tufts; leaves
               rigid, sheathing at base, with lamellae in
               longitudinal rows on upper surface of the
               costa; costa single, percurrent to excurrent,
               occupying most of the upper part of the leaf
               blade in some cases; capsule erect to in-
               clined, sometimes angled; peristome of 32-64
               short, rounded teeth, their tips attached to
               a thin membrane.
               Atrichum, Pogonatum, Polytrichum

SPHAGNACEAE    Plants of wet, acid habitats, mostly large;
               most easily recognized by the ecostate leaves
               composed of 2 kinds of cells in nct-like ar-
               rangement; large, hyaline cells having spiral
               fibrils and pores, and    smaller, narrower,
               chlorophyllose cells; capsules small, globular,
               brownish, with a small operculum but no
               peristome.
               Sphagnum


xxvi         MOSSES OF FLORIDA
POLYTRICHACEAE Plants usually robust, perennial, green to
               brownish-red, mostly in dense tufts; leaves
               rigid, sheathing at base, with lamellae in
               longitudinal rows on upper surface of the
               costa; costa single, percurrent to excurrent,
               occupying most of the upper part of the leaf
               blade in some cases; capsule erect to in-
               clined, sometimes angled; peristome of 32-64
               short, rounded teeth, their tips attached to
               a thin membrane.
               Atrichum, Pogonatum, Polytrichum

SPHAGNACEAE    Plants of wet, acid habitats, mostly large;
               most easily recognized by the ecostate leaves
               composed of 2 kinds of cells in net-like ar-
               rangement; large, hyaline cells having spiral
               fibrils and pores, and smaller, narrower,
               chlorophyllose cells; capsules small, globular,
               brownish, with a small operculum     but no
               peristome.
               Sphagnum
















t,


Key to Genera


Key to Genera


Key to Genera


This hey is based largely on vegetative characters since many genera and
species of Florida mosses produce sporophytes only occasionally or not at
all. Some genera appear only once in the key, but where combinations of
characters or differences between species within genera warrant, they are
included in more than one place.

1. Leaves composed of two kinds of cells, large hyaline cells with
  fibril bands and/or pores, and small green cells .........---........... A
1. Leaves not composed of these two kinds of cells      -   -... 2
   2. Leaves 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side,
     or branches and leaves flattened .-..........-...-...................----- B
   2. Leaves neither 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner
     side nor flattened .......... -   -    ..................-.......-3--------   3
     3. Costa single -.....--     ....-...........................-4--------  4
        4. Lamellae, or plates of cells, on upper surface of
          costa  ....................--- ..............................--- - - - - - - -  C
        4 .  L am ellae  absen t  ___ ___ --.... ... -__ __ _.. ... ... ... ... ._  5
          5. Leaves bordered with elongated hyaline cells or
            with a thickened border ...   ..- __......... D
          5. Leaves not so bordered   --.......-. -........ 6
             6. Costa ending in a hyaline or hoary hair-
               point or forming most of the long tip -..... E
             6. Costa not excurrent into a hyaline tip or
               forming most of the tip .-..-- - 7.._ 7


This key is based largely on vegetative characters since many genera and
species of Florida mosses produce sporophytes only occasionally or not at
all. Some genera appear only once in the key, but where combinations of
characters or differences between species within genera warrant, they are
included in more than one place.

1. Leaves composed of two kinds of cells, large hyaline cells with
  fibril bands and/or pores, and small green cells ....._-.---.......... A
1. Leaves not composed of these two kinds of cells .........---........... 2
   2. Leaves 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side,
     or branches and leaves flattened. .. . . B
   2. Leaves neither 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner
     side nor flattened-- ....--  ..-- -.-.-............-......... 3
     3. Costa single --............. --- - - -. 4
        4. Lamellae, or plates of cells, on upper surface of
          costa -- --.........       C........ - - . C
        4. Lamellae  absent -  -...........................-_-- - -  _____-.  5
          5. Leaves bordered with clongated hyaline cells or
            with a thickened border . . . .- D
          5. Leaves not so bordered ..--.........-_.-... 6
             6. Costa ending in a hyaline or hoary hair-
               point or forming most of the long tip -..... E
             6. Costa not excurrent into a hyaline tip or
               forming most of the tip ---   ------. 7

                  xxvii


This key is based largely on vegetative characters since many genera and
species of Florida mosses produce sporophytes only occasionally or not at
all. Some genera appear only once in the hey, but where combinations of
characters or differences between species within genera warrant, they are
included in more than one place.

1. Leaves composed of two kinds of cells, large hyaline cells with
  fibril bands and/or pores, and small green cells .-...............____ A
1. Leaves not composed of these two kinds of cells--         - ...........  2
   2. Leaves 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side,
     or branches and leaves flattened ........-___..__-.........._-_..-----  B
   2. Leaves neither 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner
     side nor flattened -.....--.....-..... -- ...---- -.  3
     3. Costa single .--   ............................--------4......._ 4
        4. Lamellae, or plates of cells, on upper surface of
          costa  ................................................... _ _ ..-- - - - - - - -   C
        4. Lamellae  absent  .......... .....-.......- ..............-- - - - - -  5
          5. Leaves bordered with elongated hyaline cells or
            with a thickened border -......- -......-....... D
          5. Leaves not so bordered .........---...............-. 6
             6. Costa ending in a hyaline or hoary hair-
               point or forming most of the long tip __. E
             6. Costa not excurrent into a hyaline tip or
               forming most of the tip ---......_.......  7



xxviii       MOSSES OF FLORIDA
               7. Costa percurrent or nearly so, ending
                 in or only a few cells below the tip ... F
               7. Costa ending near mid-leaf, or, if
                 longer, not extending into the tip  G
     3. Costa double or absent
        4. Costa double, strong, extending beyond mid-leaf .... H
        4. Costa inconspicuous, short and double or absent __ I

A. LEAVES COMPOSED OF TWO KINDS OF CELLS, LARGE HYALINE
  CELLS WITH FIERIL BANDS AND/OR PORES, AND SMALL GREEN
  CELLS
1. Leaf cells in one layer; large hyaline rhomboidal cells with spiral
  bands and pores forming a network with small linear green
  cells . . . .   . ---_..........Sphagnum (p. 120)
I. Leaves fleshy, composed almost entirely of the costa except at the
  base, with 2-3 layers of hyaline cells with pores but no spiral bands
  enclosing small 3-4-angled green cells
  2. Leaves crowded, grooved on upper side; green cells 4-sided in
     cross section; capsules inclined, curved _-.Leucobryum (p. 24)
   2. Leaves widely spreading, flattened, especially at ends of stems;
     green cells 3-sided in cross section; capsules erect, sym-
     metric .----..........--....--.........--........Octoblepharom (p. 24)


B. LEAVES 2-RANKED AND SPLIT TO THE COSTA ON THE INNER SIDE,
  OR BRANCHESAND LEAVES FLATTENED
1. Leaves 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side, the blade
   split to the costa on the inner side .........................Fissidens (p. 1)
I. Leaves not 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side; branches
   and leaves flattened
   2. Leaves without a costa, or costa short and double
     3. Leaf cells papillose
        4. Papillae formed by projecting cell angles; cells elon-
          gate; plants small, creeping  ................__ __ ..... .
                        Mittenothamnium (p. 82)
        4. Papillae over the cell cavity (lumen)
          5. Leaves differentiated, with 2 rows of asymmetric,
            ovate dorsal leaves and 2 rows of much smaller
            ventral leaves; cells round to hexagonal; plants re-
            sembling a leafy liverwort .....Solmsiella (p. 52)
          5. Leaves uniform, ovate-acuminate; leaf cells linear,
            with 5-7 papillae in a row on the dorsal sur-
            face - .----...................T axithelium (p. 88)
     3. Leaf cells smooth (occasionally papillose by projecting cell
        angles on dorsal side of apex)


xxVili       MOSSES OF FLORIDA
               7. Costa percurrent or nearly so, ending
                 in or only a few cells below the tip .... F
               7. Costa ending near mid-leaf, or, if
                 longer, not extending into the tip ... G
     3. Costa double or absent
        4. Costa double, strong, extending beyond mid-leaf   H
        4. Costa inconspicuous, short and double or absent .... I

A. LEAVES COMPOSED OF Two KINDS OF CELLS, LARGE HYALINE
  CELLS WITH FIBRIL BANDS AND/OR PORES, AND SMALL GREEN
  CELLS
1. Leaf cells in one layer; large hyaline rhomboidal cells with spiral
   bands and pores forming a network with small linear green
   cells -   ..... ..............................._Sphagnum (p. 120)
1. Leaves fleshy, composed almost entirely of the costa except at the
   base, with 2-3 layers of hyaline cells with pores but no spiral bands
   enclosing small 3-4-angled green cells
   2. Leaves crowded, grooved on upper side; green cells 4-sided in
     cross section; capsules inclined, curved ....Leucobryum (p. 24)
   2. Leaves widely spreading, flattened, especially at ends of stems;
     green cells 3-sided in cross section; capsules erect, sym-
     metric     ......Octoblepharum (p. 24)


B. LEAVES 2-RANKED AND SPLIT TO THE COSTA ON THE INNER SIDE,
  OR BRANCHES AND LEAVES FLATTENED
1. Leaves 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side, the blade
   split to the costa on the inner side .-.....--...-.._Fissidens (p. 1)
I. Leaves not 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side; branches
   and leaves flattened
   2. Leaves without a costa, or costa short and double
     3. Leaf cells papillose
        4. Papillae formed by projecting cell angles; cells elon-
          gate;  plants  sm all,  creeping  .................................e-__
                        Mittenothamnium (p. 82)
        4. Papillae over the cell cavity (lumen)
          5. Leaves differentiated, with 2 rows of asymmetric,
            ovate dorsal leaves and 2 rows of much smaller
            ventral leaves; cells round to hexagonal; plants re-
            sembling a leafy liverwort .-.Solmsiella (p. 52)
          5. Leaves uniform, ovate-acuminate; leaf cells linear,
            with 5-7 papillae in a row on the dorsal sur-
            face-- -........-... -   Taxithelium (p. 88)
     3. Leaf cells smooth (occasionally papillose by projecting cell
        angles on dorsal side of apex)


xxVlt        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
               7. Costa percurrent or nearly so, ending
                 in or only a few cells below the tip ._-_ F
               7. Costa ending near mid-leaf, or, if
                 longer, not extending into the tip.... G
     3. Costa double or absent
        4. Costa double, strong, extending beyond mid-leaf .... H
        4. Costa inconspicuous, short and double or absent .... I

A. LEAVES COMPOSED OF Two KINDS OF CELLS, LARGE HYALINE
  CELLS WITH FIERIL BANDS AND/OR PORES, AND SMALL GREEN
  CELLS
1. Leaf cells in one layer; large hyaline rhomboidal cells with spiral
  bands and pores forming a network with small linear green
  cells - - - -  - -  --........_......- .........-..................Sphagnum  (p. 120)
I. Leaves fleshy, composed almost entirely of the costa except at the
  base, with 2-3 layers of hyaline cells with pores but no spiral bands
  enclosing small 3-4-angled green cells
  2. Leaves crowded, grooved on upper side; green cells 4-sided in
     cross section; capsules inclined, curved ....Leucobryum (p. 24)
   2. Leaves widely spreading, flattened, especially at ends of stems;
     green cells 3-sided in cross section; capsules erect, sym-
     metric --   .    .   Octoblepharum (p. 24)


B. LEAVEs 2-RANKED AND SPLIT TO THE COSTA ON THE INNER SIDE,
  OR BRANCHES AND LEAVES FLATTENED
1. Leaves 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side, the blade
   split to the costa on the inner side .   -Fissidens (p. 1)
I. Leaves not 2-ranked and split to the costa on the inner side; branches
   and leaves flattened
   2. Leaves without a costa, or costa short and double
     3. Leaf cells papillose
        4. Papillae formed by projecting cell angles; cells elon-
          gate; plants small, creeping      .........
                        Mittenothamnium (p. 82)
        4. Papillae over the cell cavity (lumen)
          5. Leaves differentiated, with 2 rows of asymmetric,
            ovate dorsal leaves and 2 rows of much smaller
            ventral leaves; cells round to hexagonal; plants re-
            sembling a leafy liverwort -...Solmsiella (p. 52)
          5. Leaves uniform, ovate-acuminate; leaf cells linear,
            with 5-7 papillae in a row on the dorsal sur-
            face ..      -  Taxithelium (p. 88)
     3. Leaf cells smooth (occasionally papillose by projecting cell
        angles on dorsal side of apex)



           KEY TO GENERA         xxix

     4. Plants robust, in dense mats
       5. Paraphyllia in leaf axils
          6. Plants with  an  oily sheen; leaves ovate-
            lanceolate, short- or long-acuminate, the tip
            sometimes twisted; cells in apex 2-3:1 ........
                        Taxiphyllum   (p. 84)
          6. Plants glossy but without oily sheen; leaves
            ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat asym-
            metric and decurrent; cells in apex 3-5:1 ..
                       Plagiothecium  (p. 87)
       5. Paraphyllia absent; plants yellow-green, glossy;
          leaves broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate,
          concave; numerous quadrate cells in basal angles
                           Entodon (p. 77)
     4. Plants small, in pale green or yellowish mats
       5. Leaves differentiated into lateral, dorsal and ven-
          tral; cells short, lax, rhomboidal to hexagonal;
          leaf apex toothed Vesieularia (p. 80)
       5. Leaves not differentiated, sometimes asymmetric
          and curved; cells long, narrow, not lax, shorter
          in tip, with a row of large rectangular cells across
          the base; apex entire to toothed  ...
                         Isopterygium (p. 82)
2. Leaves costate
  3. Costa double, strong and conspicuous, extending to mid-
     leaf or beyond
     4. Leaves broadly ovate, apiculate or acuminate
       5. Cells isodiametric, with a single papilla; leaves
          unbordered, or border weak __Callicostella (p. 99)
        5. Cells hexagonal, lax, smooth and pellucid; leaves
          bordered with a row of narrow cells ...........
                        Cyclodietyon (p. 100)
     4. Leaves ovate, gradually tapering to a long, narrow,
       conspicuously toothed tip; cells smooth; border indis-
       tinct; lateral leaves asymmetric .......... .........
                        Lepidopilum (p. 100)
   3. Costa single
     4. Lateral leaves asymmetric, somewhat smaller than the
        symmetric dorsal leaves; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ob-
        long; costa ending in mid-leaf ..Stereophyllum (p. 86)
     4. Leaves uniform, not differentiated into lateral and dor-
        sal
        5. Leaves large, lingulate, asymmetric, apex truncate
          or notched; leaf cells small; costa ending above
          mid-leaf, nearer the lower margin .................
                        Neckeropsis (p. 101)


           KEY TO GENERA         xxix

     4. Plants robust, in dense mats
       5. Paraphyllia in leaf axils
          6. Plants with an oily sheen; leaves ovate-
            lanceolate, short- or long-acuminate, the tip
            sometimes twisted; cells in apex 2-3:1 -.....
                        Taxiphyllum   (p. 84)
          6. Plants glossy but without oily sheen; leaves
            ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat asym-
            metric and decurrent; cells in apex 3-5:1 ....
                       Plagiothecium (p. 87)
       5. Paraphyllia absent; plants yellow-green, glossy;
          leaves broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate,
          concave; numerous quadrate cells in basal angles
                           Entodon (p. 77)
     4. Plants small, in pale green or yellowish mats
       5. Leaves differentiated into lateral, dorsal and ven-
          tral; cells short, lax, rhomboidal to hexagonal;
          leaf apex toothed Vesicularia (p. 80)
       5. Leaves not differentiated, sometimes asymmetric
          and curved; cells long, narrow, not lax, shorter
          in tip, with a row of large rectangular cells across
          the base; apex entire to toothed      ...
                         Isopterygium (p. 82)
2. Leaves costate
  3. Costa double, strong and conspicuous, extending to mid-
     leaf or beyond
     4. Leaves broadly ovate, apiculate or acuminate
       5. Cells isodiametric, with a single papilla; leaves
          unbordered, or border weak .Callicostella (p. 99)
        5. Cells hexagonal, lax, smooth and pellucid; leaves
          bordered with a row of narrow cells ...... ..__
                        Cyclodietyon (p. 100)
     4. Leaves ovate, gradually tapering to a long, narrow,
       conspicuously toothed tip; cells smooth; border indis-
       tinct; lateral leaves asymmetric   ....
                        Lepidopilum (p. 100)
   3. Costa single
     4. Lateral leaves asymmetric, somewhat smaller than the
        symmetric dorsal leaves; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ob-
        long; costa ending in mid-leaf ..Stereophyllurn (p. 86)
     4. Leaves uniform, not differentiated into lateral and dor-
        sal
        5. Leaves large, lingulate, asymmetric, apex truncate
          or notched; leaf cells small; costa ending above
          mid-leaf, nearer the lower margin ...._..........
                        Neckeropsis (p. 101)


           KEY TO GENERA         XxiX

     4. Plants robust, in dense mats
       5. Paraphyllia in leaf axils
          6. Plants with an oily sheen; leaves ovate-
            lanceolate, short- or long-acuminate, the tip
            sometimes twisted; cells in apex 2-3:1 .......
                        TaXiphyllum (p. 84)
          6. Plants glossy but without oily sheen; leaves
            ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat asym-
            metric and decurrent; cells in apex 3-5:1 .
                       Plagiothecium (p. 87)
       5. Paraphyllia absent; plants yellow-green, glossy;
          leaves broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate,
          concave; numerous quadrate cells in basal angles
                           Entodon (p. 77)
     4. Plants small, in pale green or yellowish mats
       5. Leaves differentiated into lateral, dorsal and ven-
          tral; cells short, lax, rhomboidal to hexagonal;
          leaf apex toothed Vesicularia (p. 80)
       5. Leaves not differentiated, sometimes asymmetric
          and curved; cells long, narrow, not lax, shorter
          in tip, with a row of large rectangular cells across
          the base; apex entire to toothed ...
                         Isopterygium (p. 82)
2. Leaves costate
  3. Costa double, strong and conspicuous, extending to mid-
     leaf or beyond
     4. Leaves broadly ovate, apiculate or acuminate
       5. Cells isodiametric, with a single papilla; leaves
          unbordered, or border weak ..Callicostella (p. 99)
        5. Cells hexagonal, lax, smooth and pellucid; leaves
          bordered with a row of narrow cells ._ ..
                        Cyclodictyon (p. 100)
     4. Leaves ovate, gradually tapering to a long, narrow,
       conspicuously toothed tip; cells smooth; border indis-
       tinct; lateral leaves asymmetric ............   ..
                        Lepidopilum (p. 100)
   3. Costa single
     4. Lateral leaves asymmetric, somewhat smaller than the
        symmetric dorsal leaves; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ob-
        long; costa ending in mid-leaf ..Sterophyllum (p. 86)
     4. Leaves uniform, not differentiated into lateral and dor-
        sal
        5. Leaves large, lingulate, asymmetric, apex truncate
          or notched; leaf cells small; costa ending above
          mid-leaf, nearer the lower margin ...... .
                        Neckeropsis (p. 101)



xxx          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
          5. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, weakly complanate (flat-
            tened)
            6. Plants aquatic or on very wet substrata; leaf
               cells hexagonal to linear; costa to mid-leaf or
               beyond _ .  Leptodictyum (p. 69)
            6. Plants terrestrial
               7. Leaf apex short, conspicuously toothed;
                 costa ending above mid-leaf in a short
                 spine on the dorsal side; seta papillose
                 or rough ......Oxyrrhynchium (p. 74)
               7. Leaf   apex   long, slender, toothed,
                 twisted; spine at end of costa indistinct
                 or lacking; seta smooth    ...
                         Rhynchostegium  (p. 75)

C. LAMELLAE, OR PLATES OF CELLS,ON UPPER SURFACE OF COSTA
1. Lamellae few (1-15); leaves bordered by hyaline cells, crisped when
  dry; capsules cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped, not covering entire
  capsule, smooth or with a few bristles near tip; peristome of 32 short,
  round teeth    .......Atrichum (p. 116)
1. Lamellae numerous (up to 60-70); leaves bordered in lower part or
  unbordered; calyptra cap-shaped, covering the capsule, conspicu-
  ously hairy
  2. Plants scattered; protonemata persistent and conspicuous; leaves
     not bordered or crisped when dry; peristome of 32 teeth ...
                           Pogonatum (p. 118)
   2. Plants crowded; protonemata not persistent or conspicuous;
     leaves bordered, at least at the top of the sheathing base, crisped
     when dry; capsules 4-6-angled; peristome of 64 teeth.
                           Polytrichum (p. 119)


D. LEAVES BORDERED WITH ELONGATED HYALINE CELLS OR WITH
   A THICKENED BORDER
1. Border thickened but not hyaline; large area of rectangular hyaline
   cells in sheathing base
   2. Border double and wing-like ____.. ._Syrrhopodon (p. 29)
   2. Border more than one cell thick, but not wing-like.
                            Calymperes (p. 26)
1. Border of elongated or hyaline cells; basal hyaline cells present or
   absent
   2. Border intramarginal, at least in the sheathing base; leaves
     lanceolate to spatulate . .....................___.Calymperes (p. 26)
   2. Border marginal
     3. Leaves differentiated, two rows of large lateral leaves and


XXX          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
          5. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, weakly complanate (flat-
            tened)
            6. Plants aquatic or on very wet substrata; leaf
               cells hexagonal to linear; costa to mid-leaf or
               beyond ...  Leptodictyum (p. 69)
            6. Plants terrestrial
               7. Leaf apex short, conspicuously toothed;
                 costa ending above mid-leaf in a short
                 spine on the dorsal side; seta papillose
                 or rough .....Oxyrrhynchium   (p. 74)
               7. Leaf    apex  long,  slender, toothed,
                 twisted; spine at end of costa indistinct
                 or lacking; seta smooth ..................
                         Rhynchostegium  (p. 75)

C. LAMELLAE, Or PLATES OF CELLS, ON UPPER SURFACE OF COSTA
1. Lamellae few (1-15); leaves bordered by hyaline cells, crisped when
  dry; capsules cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped, not covering entire
  capsule, smooth or with a few bristles near tip; peristome of 32 short,
  round teeth   ........Atrichum (p. 116)
1. Lamellae numerous (up to 60-70); leaves bordered in lower part or
  unbordered; calyptra cap-shaped, covering the capsule, conspicu-
  ously hairy
  2. Plants scattered; protonemata persistent and conspicuous; leaves
     not bordered or crisped when dry; peristome of 32 teeth  _.....
                           Pogonatum (p. 118)
   2. Plants crowded; protonemata not persistent or conspicuous;
     leaves bordered, at least at the top of the sheathing base, crisped
     when dry; capsules 4-6-angled; peristome of 64 teeth ......-.
                           Polytrichum (p. 119)


D. LEAVES BORDERED WITH ELONGATED HYALINE CELLS OR WITH
  A THICKENED BORDER
1. Border thickened but not hyaline; large area of rectangular hyaline
   cells in sheathing base
   2. Border double and wing-like  ...        Syrrhopodon (p. 29)
   2. Border more than one cell thick, but not wing-like.
                            Calymperes (p. 26)
1. Border of elongated or hyaline cells; basal hyaline cells present or
   absent
   2. Border intramarginal, at least in the sheathing base; leaves
     lanceolate to spatulate  -  .....____............Calyrperes (p. 26)
   2. Border marginal
     3. Leaves differentiated, two rows of large lateral leaves and


xxx          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
          5. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, weakly complanate (flat-
            tened)
            6. Plants aquatic or on very wet substrata; leaf
               cells hexagonal to linear; costa to mid-leaf or
               beyond ...  Leptodictyum (p. 69)
            6. Plants terrestrial
               7. Leaf apex short, conspicuously toothed;
                 costa ending above mid-leaf in a short
                 spine on the dorsal side; seta papillose
                 or rough  __..Oxyrrhynchium (p. 74)
               7. Leaf   apex   long, slender, toothed,
                 twisted; spine at end of costa indistinct
                 or lacking; seta smooth . . ...
                         Rhynchostegium  (p. 75)

C. LAMELLAE, OR PLATES OF CELLS,ON UPPER SURFACE OF COSTA
1. Lamellae few (1-15); leaves bordered by hyaline cells, crisped when
  dry; capsules cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped, not covering entire
  capsule, smooth or with a few bristles near tip; peristome of 32 short,
  round teeth  .......      Atrichum (p. 116)
1. Lamellae numerous (up to 60-70); leaves bordered in lower part or
  unbordered; calyptra cap-shaped, covering the capsule, conspicu-
  ously hairy
  2. Plants scattered; protonemata persistent and conspicuous; leaves
     not bordered or crisped when dry; peristome of 32 teeth ......
                           Pogonatum (p. 118)
   2. Plants crowded; protonemata not persistent or conspicuous;
     leaves bordered, at least at the top of the sheathing base, crisped
     when dry; capsules 4-6-angled; peristome of 64 teeth.
                           Polytrichum (p. 119)


D. LEAVES BORDERED WITH ELONGATED HYALINE CELLS OR WITH
  A THICKENED BORDER
1. Border thickened but not hyaline; large area of rectangular hyaline
   cells in sheathing base
   2. Border double and wing-like ......._.Syrrhopodon (p. 29)
   2. Border more than one cell thick, but not wing-like
                            Calymperes (p. 26)
1. Border of elongated or hyaline cells; basal hyaline cells present or
  absent
  2. Border intramarginal, at least in the sheathing base; leaves
     lanceolate to spatulate    ....Calymperes (p. 26)
   2. Border marginal
     3. Leaves differentiated, two rows of large lateral leaves and



         KEY TO GENERA         XX.X2

  one row of small ventral leaves; costa extending beyond
  mid-leaf . .--     Hypopterygium (p. 98)
3. Leaves not differentiated
  4. Border distinct, composed of elongated hyaline cells
     5. Border narrow, entire or toothed; leaves lanceolate
       to ligulate, upper cells small, isodiametric, papil-
       lose or bulging; basal hyaline cells conspicuous
                      Syrrhopodon (p. 29)
     5. Border several cells wide, prominently toothed at
       least in upper margin; leaves broadly ovate to
       ovate-lanceolate, costa ending below apex or form-
       ing a short, abrupt tip; cells smooth, round to
       short-elliptic . . . Mnium (p. 63)
  4. Border often indistinct, frequently only one row of
     cells, not always hyaline
     5. Capsules erect, symmetric
       6. Plants minute (1-4 min), leaves ovate-
          lanceolate, costa ending below apex; capsules
          enclosed within the leaves at the end of a
          short stem, dehiscing along equatorial line
                    Aphanorrhegma (p. 50)
        6. Plants larger (up to 8 mm), leaves ovate-
          lanceolate,  costa  precurrent  to  short-
          excurrent; capsules on a long seta, with an
          operculum
          7. Peristome absent _..................-- _
                     Physcomitrium (p. 49)
          7. Peristome present
             8. Capsules short, pear-shaped; peri-
               stome single, the teeth dark red;
               leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse,
               costa percurrent or nearly so; cells
               large, clear, rhomboidal, 1-2:1 -
                      Entosthodon (p. 49)
             8. Capsules cylindric; peristome dou-
               ble, the inner often rudimentary,
               teeth orange to brown; leaves obo-
               vate, costa long- or short-excurrent;
               cells short-rhomboidal ..-_.............
                     Brachymenium   (p. 62)
     5. Capsules inclined to pendent
        6. Capsules symmetric, usually with a clearly
          defined neck; leaves ovate-lanceolate, costa
          almost percurrent to long-excurrent; upper
          leaf cells 2-5: 1 . -.Bryum (p. 58)
        6. Capsules asymmetric, mouth to one side,


         KEY TO GENERA         xxxi

  one row of small ventral leaves; costa extending beyond
  mid-leaf   -     ..---........-----Hypopterygium  (p. 98)
3. Leaves not differentiated
  4. Border distinct, composed of elongated hyaline cells
     5. Border narrow, entire or toothed; leaves lanceolate
       to ligulate, upper cells small, isodiametric, papil-
       lose or bulging; basal hyaline cells conspicuous
                      Syrrhopodon (p. 29)
     5. Border several cells wide, prominently toothed at
       least in upper margin; leaves broadly ovate to
       ovate-lanceolate, costa ending below apex or form-
       ing a short, abrupt tip; cells smooth, round to
       short-elliptic     .....Mnium (p. 63)
  4. Border often indistinct, frequently only one row of
     cells, not alvays hyaline
     5. Capsules erect, symmetric
        6. Plants minute    (1-4  mm), leaves ovate-
          lanceolate, costa ending below apex; capsules
          enclosed within the leaves at the end of a
          short stem, dehiscing along equatorial line
                     Aphanorrhegma (p. 50)
        6. Plants larger (up to 8 mm), leaves ovate-
          lanceolate,  costa  precurrent  to   short-
          excurrent; capsules on a long seta, with an
          operculum
          7. Peristome absent .......-.......................
                     Physcomitriut (p. 49)
          7. Peristome present
             8. Capsules short, pear-shaped; peri-
               stome single, the teeth dark red;
               leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse,
               costa percurrent or nearly so; cells
               large, clear, rhomboidal, 1-2:1 ..
                      Entosthodon (p. 49)
             8. Capsules cylindric; peristome dou-
               ble, the inner often rudimentary,
               teeth orange to brown; leaves obo-
               vate, costa long- or short-excurrent;
               cells short-rhomboidal .................
                     Brachymenium   (p. 62)
     5. Capsules inclined to pendent
        6. Capsules symmetric, usually with a clearly
          defined neck; leaves ovate-lanceolate, costa
          almost percurrent to long-excurrent; upper
          leaf cells 2-5: 1 ._..     Bryum (p. 58)
        6. Capsules asymmetric, mouth to one side,


         KEY TO GENERA         xxxi

  one row of small ventral leaves; costa extending beyond
  mid-leaf .........................d......Hypopterygium (p. 98)
3. Leaves not differentiated
  4. Border distinct, composed of elongated hyaline cells
     5. Border narrow, entire or toothed; leaves lanceolate
       to ligulate, upper cells small, isodiametric, papil-
       lose or bulging; basal hyaline cells conspicuous
                      Syrrhopodon (p. 29)
     5. Border several cells wide, prominently toothed at
       least in upper margin; leaves broadly ovate to
       ovate-lanceolate, costa ending below apex or form-
       ing a short, abrupt tip; cells smooth, round to
       short-elliptic .... Mnium (p. 63)
  4. Border often indistinct, frequently only one row of
     cells, not hvays hyaline
     5. Capsules erect, symmetric
       6. Plants minute    (1-4  mm), leaves ovate-
          lanceolate, costa ending below apex; capsules
          enclosed within the leaves at the end of a
          short stem, dehiscing along equatorial line
                    Aphanorrhegma (p. 50)
        6. Plants larger (up to 8 mm), leaves ovate-
          lanceolate,  costa  precurrent  to   short-
          excurrent; capsules on a long seta, with an
          operculum
          7. Peristome absent ..............................
                     Physcomitrium  (p. 49)
          7. Peristome present
             8. Capsules short, pear-shaped; peri-
               stome single, the teeth dark red;
               leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse,
               costa percurrent or nearly so; cells
               large, clear, rhomboidal, 1-2:1 ..
                      Entosthodon (p. 49)
             8. Capsules cylindric; peristome dou-
               ble, the inner often rudimentary,
               teeth orange to brown; leaves obo-
               vate, costa long- or short-excurrent;
               cells short-rhomboidal -......
                     Brachymenium (p. 62)
     5. Capsules inclined to pendent
        6. Capsules symmetric, usually with a clearly
          defined neck; leaves ovate-lanceolate, costa
          almost percurrent to long-excurrent; upper
          leaf cells 2-5: 1 . Bryum (p. 58)
        6. Capsules asymmetric, mouth to one side,



xxxi         MOSSES OF FLORIDA

               neck usually well defined; leaves obovate,
               acuminate, costa ending below apex or shortly
               excurrent; upper leaf cells large, rhomboidal,
               2:1 _     .    Funaria (p. 47)

P. COSTA ENDING IN A HYALINE OR HOARY HAIR-POINT on FORM-
  ING IIOST OF THE LONG TIP
1. Costa not reaching the apex; leaves ovate-acuminate; apex papillose-
  spiny, hyaline, or hoary __. . _ Grimmia (p. 44)
1. Costa excurrent, forming a hair-point or hyaline tip
  2. Costa one-third or more the width of the leaf base
     3. Leaves lanceolate, curved in one direction, the tips chan-
       neled and toothed; conspicuous area of hyaline, or colored,
       usually inflated cells in basal angles; plants not fruiting in
       Florida ..___.._...........................------Campylopus (p. 20)
     3. Leaves slender, not curved, abruptly narrowing to a long
       slender tip; costa rough on back above; small, spherical,
       cleistocarpous capsules enclosed by terminal leaves ............
                            Pleuridium (p. 16)
  2. Costa slender, less than a third the width of the leaf base
     3. Leaf cells papillose
       4. Leaves of two forms, the lateral ovate-lanceolate, the
          dorsal much smaller and triangular; coarsely toothed
          toward apex; costa excurrent; papillae sometimes in-
          conspicuous .. ...Rhacopilum (p. 65)
       4. Leaves uniform in size and shape; papillae conspicuous
          5. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate
            6. Leaf margins reflexed above; costa excurrent
               into a long, slender, smooth hair-point; up-
               per leaf cells papillose on both surfaces, basal
               cells larger, hyaline; lower margins entire
                           Desmatodon (p. 37)
            6. Leaf margins plane to inrolled above
               7. Upper leaf margins plane; costa filling
                 all or most of the apex, 1-4 cells wide
                 in the tip, usually hyaline; margin con-
                 spicuously  toothed  just above  base
                 where hyaline and green cells meet ....
                            Eucladium (p. 38)
               7. Leaf margins mostly involute, entire;
                 costa excurrent into a short hyaline tip;
                 capsules small, on short setae, enclosed
                 by terminal leaves ...Astomum (p. 40)
          5. Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate
            6. Leaves almost round, apiculate, margins


E.


1.

I.


:ii        MOSSES OF FLORIDA

             neck usually well defined; leaves obovate,
             acuminate, costa ending below apex or shortly
             excurrent; upper leaf cells large, rhomboidal,
             2:1 ....- .._-_._...Funaria (p. 47)

 COSTA ENDING IN A HYALINE OR HOARY HAIR-POINT OR FORM-
 ING MOST OF THE LONG TIP
 Costa not reaching the apex; leaves ovate-acuminate; apex papillose-
 spiny, hyaline, or hoary . .    ......Grimmia (p. 44)
 Costa excurrent, forming a hair-point or hyaline tip
 2. Costa one-third or more the width of the leaf base
   3. Leaves lanceolate, curved in one direction, the tips chan-
      neled and toothed; conspicuous area of hyaline, or colored,
      usually inflated cells in basal angles; plants not fruiting in
      Florida ..................__.................__..-_Campylopus (p. 20)
   3. Leaves slender, not curved, abruptly narrowing to a long
      slender tip; costa rough on back above; small, spherical,
      cleistocarpous capsules enclosed by terminal leaves ......___
                          Pleuridium (p. 16)
 2. Costa slender, less than a third the width of the leaf base
   3. Leaf cells papillose
      4. Leaves of two forms, the lateral ovate-lanceolate, the
        dorsal much smaller and triangular; coarsely toothed
        toward apex; costa excurrent; papillae sometimes in-
        conspicuous _. . .Rhacopilum (p. 65)
      4. Leaves uniform in size and shape; papillae conspicuous
        5. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate
           6. Leaf margins reflexed above; costa excurrent
             into a long, slender, smooth hair-point; up-
             per leaf cells papillose on both surfaces, basal
             cells larger, hyaline; lower margins entire ....
                          Desnatodon (p. 37)
           6. Leaf margins plane to inrolled above
             7. Upper leaf margins plane; costa filling
                all or most of the apex, 1-4 cells wide
                in the tip, usually hyaline; margin con-
                spicuously  toothed  just above  base
                where hyaline and green cells meet ..._.
                          Eucladium  (p. 38)
             7. Leaf margins mostly involute, entire;
                costa excurrent into a short hyaline tip;
                capsules small, on short setae, enclosed
                by terminal leaves -.Astoonum (p. 40)
        5. Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate
           6. Leaves almost round, apiculate, margins


xxxii        MOSSES OF FLORIDA

               neck usually well defined; leaves obovate,
               acuminate, costa ending below apex or shortly
               excurrent; upper leaf cells large, rhomboidal,
               2:1 .   .      Funaria (p. 47)

E. COSTA ENDING IN A HYALINE OR HOARY HAIR-POINT OR FOnM-
  ING MOST OF THE LONG TIP
1. Costa not reaching the apex; leaves ovate-acuminate; apex papillose-
  spiny, hyaline, or hoary .    .Gr-Cimmia (p. 44)
I. Costa excurrent, forming a hair-point or hyaline tip
  2. Costa one-third or more the width of the leaf base
     3. Leaves lanceolate, curved in one direction, the tips chan-
       neled and toothed; conspicuous area of hyaline, or colored,
       usually inflated cells in basal angles; plants not fruiting in
       Florida . . . . _   Campylopus (p. 20)
     3. Leaves slender, not curved, abruptly narrowing to a long
       slender tip; costa rough on back above; small, spherical,
       cleistocarpous capsules enclosed by terminal leaves . ....
                            Pleuridium (p. 16)
  2. Costa slender, less than a third the width of the leaf base
     3. Leaf cells papillose
       4. Leaves of two forms, the lateral ovate-lanceolate, the
          dorsal much smaller and triangular; coarsely toothed
          toward apex; costa excurrent; papillae sometimes in-
          conspicuous .._ . Rhacopilum (p. 65)
       4. Leaves uniform in size and shape; papillae conspicuous
          5. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate
            6. Leaf margins reflexed above; costa excurrent
               into a long, slender, smooth hair-point; up-
               per leaf cells papillose on both surfaces, basal
               cells larger, hyaline; lower margins entire -.
                           Desmatodon (p. 37)
            6. Leaf margins plane to inrolled above
               7. Upper leaf margins plane; costa filling
                 all or most of the apex, 1-4 cells wide
                 in the tip, usually hyaline; margin con-
                 spicuously  toothed  just above  base
                 where hyaline and green cells meet  --
                            Eucladium  (p. 38)
               7. Leaf margins mostly involute, entire;
                 costa excurrent into a short hyaline tip;
                 capsules small, on short setae, enclosed
                 by terminal leaves ...Astomum (p. 40)
          5. Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate
            6. Leaves almost round, apiculate, margins



         KEY TO GENERA         XXXife
         fringed; costa thin, short; cells with one
         large hooked or star-shaped papilla; para-
         phyllia present Thelia (p. 93)'
       6. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, margins entire; costa
          extending to base of acumination; papillae
          small, several per cell; paraphyllia absent ....
                       Anomodon (p. 92)
3. Leaf cells smooth
  4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate
     5. Leaves bordered by narrow, elongate cells, the
       border sometimes indistinct
       6. Upper leaf cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-
          5:1; capsules pendent, with a prominent
          neck _-        ........--- --_____.......oBryut (p. 58)
       6. Upper cells rhomboidal, 1-2:1; capsules
          erect or nearly so, without a neck.
                    Brachymenium    (p. 62)
     5. Leaves unbordered
       6. Plants aquatic, slender, rather delicate, at-
          tached only at base of stem; leaves long-
          pointed, often curved at tips at the ends of
          branches, folded along the costa; costa long-
          excurrent; margin toothed or entire at tip ....
                       Dichelyma (p. 115)
       6. Plants terrestrial
          7. Plants small, not exceeding .5 cm   tall;
            leaves straight or curved, costa forming
            most of tip, rough on back; capsules
            with conspicuous neck, orange or red ....
                        Bruchia (p. 14)
          7. Plants up to 4 cm tall; leaves curved in
            one direction, gradually narrowed to a
            channeled, toothed apex; large area of
            inflated hyaline cells at basal angles ...
                        Dicranum (p. 23)
  4. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, unbordered
     5. Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  entire  to   coarsely
       toothed, upper leaf cells large, clear, rectangular,
       2-4: 1; costa percurrent, tip flexuous; capsules
       with basal swelling   (hypophysis) longer and
       larger than the urn -...........Tetraplodon (p. 51)
     5. Leaves narrow, linear or nearly so
       6. Upper leaf cells 6-10:1; costa broad, filling
          most of the upper half of the leaf; capsules
          pendent, with prominent neck .......-_____-
                       Leptobryum (p. 61)


         KEY TO GENERA         Xxxiii
         fringed; costa thin, short; cells with one
         large hooked or star-shaped papilla; para-
         phyllia present Thelia (p. 93)
       6. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, margins entire; costa
          extending to base of acumination; papillae
          small, several per cell; paraphyllia absent ..-
                       Anomodon (p. 92)
3. Leaf cells smooth
  4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate
     5. Leaves bordered by narrow, elongate cells, the
       border sometimes indistinct
       6. Upper leaf cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-
          5:1; capsules pendent, with a prominent
          neck . . . . . Bryut (p. 58)
       6. Upper cells rhomboidal, 1-2:1; capsules
          erect or nearly so, without a neck -._........__
                    Brachymenium (p. 62)
     5. Leaves unbordered
       6. Plants aquatic, slender, rather delicate, at-
          tached only at base of stem; leaves long-
          pointed, often curved at tips at the ends of
          branches, folded along the costa; costa long-
          excurrent; margin toothed or entire at tip _..
                       Dichelyma (p. 115)
       6. Plants terrestrial
          7. Plants small, not exceeding .5 cm tall;
            leaves straight or curved, costa forming
            most of tip, rough on back; capsules
            with conspicuous neck, orange or red ....
                        Bruchia (p. 14)
          7. Plants up to 4 cm tall; leaves curved in
            one direction, gradually narrowed to a
            channeled, toothed apex; large area of
            inflated hyaline cells at basal angles __
                        Dicranum (p. 23)
  4. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, unbordered
     5. Leaves   linear-lanceolate,  entire  to  coarsely
       toothed, upper leaf cells large, clear, rectangular,
       2-4: 1; costa perceurrent, tip flexuous; capsules
       with basal swelling (hypophysis) longer and
       larger than the urn -___-....Tetraplodon (p. 51)
     5. Leaves narrow, linear or nearly so
       6. Upper leaf cells 6-10:1; costa broad, filling
          most of the upper half of the leaf; capsules
          pendent, with prominent neck.
                       Leptobryum (p. 61)


         KEY TO GENERA         XXXiii
         fringed; costa thin, short; cells with one
         large hooked or star-shaped papilla; para-
         phyllia present -...................Thelia (p. 93)
       6. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, margins entire; costa
          extending to base of acumination; papillae
          small, several per cell; paraphyllia absent
                       Anomodon (p. 92)
3. Leaf cells smooth
  4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate
     5. Leaves bordered by narrow, elongate cells, the
       border sometimes indistinct
       6. Upper leaf cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-
          5:1; capsules pendent, with a prominent
          neck ......_...._...__----......____..Bryum (p. 58)
       6. Upper cells rhomboidal, 1-2:1; capsules
          erect or nearly so, without a neck.
                    Brachyntenium   (p. 62)
     5. Leaves unbordered
       6. Plants aquatic, slender, rather delicate, at-
          tached only at base of stem; leaves long-
          pointed, often curved at tips at the ends of
          branches, folded along the costa; costa long-
          excurrent; margin toothed or entire at tip ....
                       Dichelyma (p. 115)
       6. Plants terrestrial
          7. Plants small, not exceeding .5 cm tall;
            leaves straight or curved, costa forming
            most of tip, rough on back; capsules
            with conspicuous neck, orange or red ....
                        Bruchia (p. 14)
          7. Plants up to 4 cm tall; leaves curved in
            one direction, gradually narrowed to a
            channeled, toothed apex; large area of
            inflated hyaline cells at basal angles ....
                        Dicranum (p. 23)
  4. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, unbordered
     5. Leaves   linear-lanceolate,  entire  to  coarsely
       toothed, upper leaf cells large, clear, rectangular,
       2-4: 1; costa percurrent, tip flexuous; capsules
       with basal swelling (hypophysis) longer and
       larger than the urn -....___Tetraplodon (p. 51)
     5. Leaves narrow, linear or nearly so
       6. Upper leaf cells 6-10:1; costa broad, filling
          most of the upper half of the leaf; capsules
          pendent, with prominent neck .......     ....
                       Leptobryum (p. 61)



xxxiv        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
            6. Upper leaf cells oblong-hexagonal; costa
               forming a long, spinulose tip; capsules ses-
               sile, globular; protonemata persistent; plants
               small --.Ep....__-   -Ephemerum (p. 45)

F. COsTA PERCURRENT OR NEARLY So, ENDING IN OR ONLY A FEw
  CELLS BELOW THE TIP
1. Leaf cells smooth
  2. Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate
     3. Leaf cells short, round to hexagonal, not more than 2:1
       4. Leaf margin with paired teeth from base to apex; cap-
          sules inclined to horizontal; plants up to 8 cm high
                           Rhizogonium (p. 64)
       4. Leaf margin without paired teeth; plants not exceed-
          ing 1 cm high
          5. Plants blackish-green; leaf apex obtuse to acumi-
            nate, entire or toothed, capsules small, erect,
            yellow to orange .......Ptychomitrium (p. 43)
          5. Plants yellowish-green; leaf apex slender, entire
            or nearly so; capsules with long neck, often
            curved   ...  .Trematodon (p. 16)
     3. Leaf cells rectangular to rhomboidal, 4-6:1 or more
       4. Plants aquatic, attached by stem bases, robust; stems
          3-angled; leaves 3-ranked, folded along the costa ..-
                           Brachelyma (p. 115)
       4. Plants terrestrial, not robust
          5. Capsules sessile or nearly so, spores very large
                            Archidium (p. 11)-
          5. Capsules exserted beyond leaves
            6. Costa less than one-third the width of the
               base, often rough on back above ...._____.....
                            Dicranella (p. 18)
            6. Costa broad, about one-third the width of
               the base, and occupying most of the tip;
               plants glossy Ditrichum (p. 16)
   2. Leaves broader, ovate-lanceolate, lingulate, or spatulate
     3. Leaves lingulate to spatulate, apex blunt or short-tipped
        4. Leaves spatulate, not more than twice as long as
          broad; apex obtuse to rounded; cells thin-walled, lax,
          2-3:1; costa ending several cells below apex; plants
          erect -.. .     Splachnobryum (p. 39)
        4. Leaves lingulate, more than twice as long as broad;
          apex gradually or abruptly tipped; plants creeping,
          bearing rosettes of reddish-brown leaves on the sec-
          ondary stems


xxxiv        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
            6. Upper leaf cells oblong-hexagonal; costa
               forming a long, spinulose tip; capsules ses-
               sile, globular; protonemata persistent; plants
               small .....................Ephemerum (p.45)

F. COsTA PERCURRENT OR NEARLY So, ENDING IN OR ONLY A FEW
  CELLS BELOw THE TIP
1. Leaf cells smooth
  2. Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate
     3. Leaf cells short, round to hexagonal, not more than 2:1
       4. Leaf margin with paired teeth from base to apex; cap-
          sules inclined to horizontal; plants up to 8 cm high
                           Rhizogonium (p. 64)
       4. Leaf margin without paired teeth; plants not exceed-
          ing 1 cm high
          5. Plants blackish-green; leaf apex obtuse to acumi-
            nate, entire or toothed, capsules small, erect,
            yellow to orange -_____.Ptychomitrium (p. 43)
          5. Plants yellowish-green; leaf apex slender, entire
            or nearly so; capsules with long neck, often
            curved . . .    Trematodon (p. 16)
     3. Leaf cells rectangular to rhomboidal, 4-6:1 or more
       4. Plants aquatic, attached by stem bases, robust; stems
          3-angled; leaves 3-ranked, folded along the costa .....
                           Brachelyma (p. 115)
        4. Plants terrestrial, not robust
          5. Capsules sessile or nearly so, spores very large ..
                            Archidium (p. 11)
          5. Capsules exserted beyond leaves
            6. Costa less than one-third the width of the
               base, often rough on back above _...........
                            Dicranella (p. 18)
            6. Costa broad, about one-third the width of
               the base, and occupying most of the tip;
               plants glossy -..--  ....Ditrichum (p. 16)
   2. Leaves broader, ovate-lanceolate, lingulate, or spatulate
     3. Leaves lingulate to spatulate, apex blunt or short-tipped
        4. Leaves spatulate, not more than twice as long as
          broad; apex obtuse to rounded; cells thin-walled, lax,
          2-3: 1; costa ending several cells below apex; plants
          erect .......-...- -.....Splachnobryum (p. 39)
        4. Leaves lingulate, more than twice as long as broad;
          apex gradually or abruptly tipped; plants creeping,
          bearing rosettes of reddish-brown leaves on the sec-
          ondary stems


xxxiv        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
            6. Upper leaf cells oblong-hexagonal; costa
               forming a long, spinulose tip; capsules ses-
               sile, globular; protonemata persistent; plants
               small ......-._.........Ephemerum (p. 45)

F. COSTA PERCURRENT OR NEARLY So, ENDING IN OR ONLY A FEW
  CELLS BELOW THE TIP
1. Leaf cells smooth
  2. Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate
     3. Leaf cells short, round to hexagonal, not more than 2:1
       4. Leaf margin with paired teeth from base to apex; cap-
          sules inclined to horizontal; plants up to 8 cm high
                           Rhizogonium  (p. 64)
       4. Leaf margin without paired teeth; plants not exceed-
          ing 1 cm high
          5. Plants blackish-green; leaf apex obtuse to acumi-
            nate, entire or toothed, capsules small, erect,
            yellow to orange        Ptychomitrium (p. 43)
          5. Plants yellowish-green; leaf apex slender, entire
            or nearly so; capsules with long neck, often
            curved . . .    Trematodon (p. 16)
     3. Leaf cells rectangular to rhomboidal, 4-6:1 or more
       4. Plants aquatic, attached by stem bases, robust; stems
          3-angled; leaves 3-ranked, folded along the costa ....-
                           Brachelyma (p. 115)
        4. Plants terrestrial, not robust
          5. Capsules sessile or nearly so, spores very large ....
                            Archidium (p. 11)
          5. Capsules exserted beyond leaves
            6. Costa less than one-third the width of the
               base, often rough on back above.
                            Dicranella (p. 18)
            6. Costa broad, about one-third the width of
               the base, and occupying most of the tip;
               plants glossy - Ditrichum (p. 16)
   2. Leaves broader, ovate-lanceolate, lingulate, or spatulate
     3. Leaves lingulate to spatulate, apex blunt or short-tipped
        4. Leaves spatulate, not more than twice as long as
          broad; apex obtuse to rounded; cells thin-walled, lax,
          2-3: 1; costa ending several cells below apex; plants
          erect .--..-......  .._-   Splachnobryu n  (p. 39)
        4. Leaves lingulate, more than twice as long as broad;
          apex gradually or abruptly tipped; plants creeping,
          bearing rosettes of reddish-brown leaves on the sec-
          ondary stems



         KEY TO GENERA         XXXV
     5. Leaf apex rounded, abruptly sharp-tipped; leaves
       wrinkled lengthwise Groutiella (p. 53)
     5. Leaf apex gradually tapering; leaves wrinkled
       horizontally . . Schlotheiiia (p. 54)
3. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate
  4. Leaf apex coarsely toothed
     5. Plants erect, 1-2 mm tall; leaves broadly ovate,
       almost as broad as long, very concave, forming a
       bulbous cluster enclosing a small cleistocarpous
       capsule . . _    Acaulon (p. 34)
     5. Primary stems creeping, secondary stems 1-several
       cm tall
       6. Leaves twice as long as broad, auriculate;
          costa straight; plants robust, the secondary
          stems more or less dendroid .....................-.
                       Climacium (p. 76)
       6. Leaves three times as long as broad, not au-
          riculate; costa conspicuously wavy above;
          plants  not  dendroid  .................................
                    Herpetineurum  (p. 91)
  4. Leaf apex entire or finely and evenly toothed
     5. Plants robust, creeping
       6. Secondary stems branched, leaves crowded,
          concave; upper leaf cells up to 6:1, basal
          cells short, thick-walled, porose, often col-
          ored  -  ...._.._... ..............Pireella  (p. 105)
        6. Secondary stems almost dendroid, julaceous,
          frequently   bearing   slender  thread-like
          branches; median leaf cells 6: 1; costa nearly
          percurrent ___.....Pseudocryphaea (p. 107)
     5. Plants small, slender, stems simple or branched
       6. Leaves widest above the middle, tapering to
          an acute apex; sporophytes terminal; plants
          usually growing on limestone ............____
                         Barbula (p. 41)
       6. Leaves gradually tapering from a broad base
          7. Plants aquatic or in very wet places
            8. Leaves bordered by 3-4 rows of Yel-
               lowish,   elongated,  thick-walled
               cells; median leaf cells 1-2:1 ....
                      Platylomella (p. 68)
            8. Leaves not bordered; costa stout,
               percurrent; median leaf cells 2-4: 1;
               plants delicate ........._____.............
                  Hygroamblystegium (p. 70)
          7. Plants terrestrial


     5. Leaf apex rounded, abruptly sharp-tipped; leaves
       wrinkled lengthwise Groutiella (p. 53)
     5. Leaf apex gradually tapering; leaves wrinkled
       horizontally  .Schlotheimia (p. 54)
3. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate
  4. Leaf apex coarsely toothed
     5. Plants erect, 1-2 mm tall; leaves broadly ovate,
       almost as broad as long, very concave, forming a
       bulbous cluster enclosing a small cleistocarpous
       capsule     .    Acaulon (p. 34)
     5. Primary stems creeping, secondary stems 1-several
       cm tall
       6. Leaves twice as long as broad, auriculate;
          costa straight; plants robust, the secondary
          stems more or less dendroid  ...
                       Climacium (p. 76)
       6. Leaves three times as long as broad, not au-
          riculate; costa conspicuously wavy above;
          plants  not  dendroid  ..................................
                    Herpetineurum (p. 91)
  4. Leaf apex entire or finely and evenly toothed
     5. Plants robust, creeping
       6. Secondary stems branched, leaves crowded,
          concave; upper leaf cells up to 6:1, basal
          cells short, thick-walled, porose, often col-
          ored          Pireella (p. 105)
        6. Secondary stems almost dendroid, julaceous,
          frequently   bearing   slender   thread-like
          branches; median leaf cells 6:1; costa nearly
          percurrent ....Pseudocryphaea (p. 107)
     5. Plants small, slender, stems simple or branched
       6. Leaves widest above the middle, tapering to
          an acute apex; sporophytes terminal; plants
          usually growing on limestone -............
                         Barbula (p.41)
       6. Leaves gradually tapering from a broad base
          7. Plants aquatic or in very wet places
            8. Leaves bordered by 3-4 rows of yel-
               lowish,   elongated,  thick-walled
               cells; median leaf cells 1-2:1 ........
                      Platylomella (p. 68)
            8. Leaves not bordered; costa stout,
               percurrent; median leaf cells 2-4: 1;
               plants delicate
                  Hygroamblystegium (p. 70)
          7. Plants terrestrial


         KEY TO GENERA         XXXV
     5. Leaf apex rounded, abruptly sharp-tipped; leaves
       wrinkled lengthwise      _Groutiella (p. 53)
     5. Leaf apex gradually tapering; leaves wrinkled
       horizontally ..___.--.....--..Schlotheimia (p. 54)
3. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate
  4. Leaf apex coarsely toothed
     5. Plants erect, 1-2 mm tall; leaves broadly ovate,
       almost as broad as long, very concave, forming a
       bulbous cluster enclosing a small cleistocarpous
       capsule . . . .  Acaulon (p. 34)
     5. Primary stems creeping, secondary stems 1-several
       em tall
       6. Leaves twice as long as broad, auriculate;
          costa straight; plants robust, the secondary
          stems more or less dendroid . .....
                       Climacium (p. 76)
       6. Leaves three times as long as broad, not au-
          riculate; costa conspicuously wavy above;
          plants not dendroid  -....
                    Herpetineurum (p. 91)
  4. Leaf apex entire or finely and evenly toothed
     5. Plants robust, creeping
       6. Secondary stems branched, leaves crowded,
          concave; upper leaf cells up to 6:1, basal
          cells short, thick-walled, porose, often col-
          ored -..Pireella (p. 105)
        6. Secondary stems almost dendroid, julaceous,
          frequently  bearing   slender   thread-like
          branches; median leaf cells 6:1; costa nearly
          percurrent .........Pseudocryphaca (p. 107)
     5. Plants small, slender, stems simple or branched
       6. Leaves widest above the middle, tapering to
          an acute apex; sporophytes terminal; plants
          usually growing on limestone ...
                         Barbula (p. 41)
       6. Leaves gradually tapering from a broad base
          7. Plants aquatic or in very wet places
            8. Leaves bordered by 3-4 rows of yel-
               lowish,   elongated,  thick-nalled
               cells; median leaf cells 1-2:1
                      Platylomella (p. 68)
            8. Leaves not bordered; costa stout,
               percurrent; median leaf cells 2-4: 1;
               plants delicate  ...
                  Hygroamblystegium (p. 70)
          7. Plants terrestrial



XXXVi        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
                 8. Leaf cells ellipsoidal to rhomboidal,
                    1-2:1; leaves crowded, concave;
                    many small quadrate cells in basal
                    angles  Cryphaea (p. 109)
                 8. Leaf cells hexagonal-rhomboidal, 2-
                    4:1
                    9. Plants delicate, in thin mats,
                      easily overlooked; leaf apex
                      long, slender, toothed; many
                      small quadrate cells at basal
                      angles and extending several
                      rows  along  margin  ..- .........-
                             Fabronia (p. 112)
                    9. Plants in thin mats; leaves
                      erect-spreading, slightly decur-
                      rent, apex entire or nearly so;
                      a group of enlarged cells at
                      basal angles ........---.......____...
                          Amblystegium (p. 67)
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Costa ending in a short abrupt tip (mucro), the tip usually
     composed of a single cell
     3. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; costa obscured by small
        densely papillose cells except for the single terminal cell;
        margins plane to recurved below; brown club-shaped pro-
        pagula in leaf axils ........e......____.._ Barbula (p. 41)
     3. Leaves linear-lanceolate, contorted when dry
        4. Plants small, not more than .5 cm high; margins of
          leaves rolled inward, almost covering the costa __....
                              Weissia (p. 39)
        4. Plants reaching 1-2 cm high
          5. Plants about 1 cm high; leaves concave, margins
            plane above, median and lower margins inrolled;
            hyaline cells extending farther up the basal mar-
            gin than along the costa, forming a V
                              Tortella (p. 35)
          5. Plants 1-2 cm high; margins of leaves rolled in-
            ward, forming a hood-shaped apex; hyaline cells
            not forming a V along basal margin     .
                          Trichostomum (p. 39)
   2. Costa not forming a short abrupt tip (mucro)
     3. Paraphyllia on stems and branches; leaves ovate-lanceolate
        4. Paraphyllia usually abundant and conspicuous, fil-
          amentous to multiform; stem and branch leaves usually
          differentiated; terminal cell of branch leaves ending in
          a single sharp papilla        Haplocladium (p. 98)


xxxvi        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
                 8. Leaf cells ellipsoidal to rhomboidal,
                    1-2: 1; leaves crowded, concave;
                    many small quadrate cells in basal
                    angles . Cryphaea (p. 109)
                 8. Leaf cells hexagonal-rhomboidal, 2-
                    4:1
                    9. Plants delicate, in thin mats,
                      easily overlooked; leaf apex
                      long, slender, toothed; many
                      small quadrate cells at basal
                      angles and extending several
                      rows along margin ..._
                             Fabronia (p. 112)
                    9. Plants in thin mats; leaves
                      erect-spreading, slightly decur-
                      rent, apex entire or nearly so;
                      a group of enlarged cells at
                      basal angles __...__.... _____.......
                          Amblystegium (p. 67)
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Costa ending in a short abrupt tip (macro), the tip usually
     composed of a single cell
     3. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; costa obscured by small
        densely papillose cells except for the single terminal cell;
        margins plane to recurved below; brown club-shaped pro-
        pagula in leaf axils . ...Barbua (p. 41)
     3. Leaves linear-lanceolate, contorted when dry
        4. Plants small, not more than .5 cm high; margins of
          leaves rolled inward, almost covering the costa ....._
                              Weissia (p. 39)
        4. Plants reaching 1-2 cm   high
          5. Plants about 1 cm high; leaves concave, margins
            plane above, median and lower margins inrolled;
            hyaline cells extending farther up the basal mar-
            gin than along the costa, forming a V.
                              Tortella (p. 35)
          5. Plants 1-2 cm high; margins of leaves rolled in-
            ward, forming a hood-shaped apex; hyaline cells
            not forming a V along basal margin ....................
                          Trichostomum (p. 39)
   2. Costa not forming a short abrupt tip (mucro)
     3. Paraphyllia on stems and branches; leaves ovate-lancolate
        4. Paraphyllia usually abundant and conspicuous, fil-
          amentous to multiform; stem and branch leaves usually
          differentiated; terminal cell of branch leaves ending in
          a single sharp papilla .     Haplocladium (p. 98)


xxxvi        MOSSES OF FLORIDA
                 8. Leaf cells ellipsoidal to rhomboidal,
                    1-2: 1; leaves crowded, concave;
                    many small quadrate cells in basal
                    angles . Cryphaea (p. 109)
                 8. Leaf cells hexagonal-rhomboidal, 2-
                    4:1
                    9. Plants delicate, in thin mats,
                      easily overlooked; leaf apex
                      long, slender, toothed; many
                      small quadrate cells at basal
                      angles and extending several
                      rows along margin .... ...
                             Fahronia (p. 112)
                    9. Plants in thin mats; leaves
                      erect-spreading, slightly decur-
                      rent, apex entire or nearly so;
                      a group of enlarged cells at
                      basal angles . ....
                          Amblystegium (p. 67)
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Costa ending in a short abrupt tip (mucro), the tip usually
     composed of a single cell
     3. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; costa obscured by stall
        densely papillose cells except for the single terminal cell;
        margins plane to recurved below; brown club-shaped pro-
        pagula in leaf axils ...Barbula (p. 41)
     3. Leaves linear-lanceolate, contorted when dry
        4. Plants small, not more than .5 cm high; margins of
          leaves rolled inward, almost covering the costa.
                              Weissia (p. 39)
        4. Plants reaching 1-2 cm high
          5. Plants about 1 cm high; leaves concave, margins
            plane above, median and lower margins inrolled;
            hyaline cells extending farther up the basal mar-
            gin than along the costa, forming a V.
                              Tortella (p. 35)
          5. Plants 1-2 cm high; margins of leaves rolled in-
            ward, forming a hood-shaped apex; hyaline cells
            not forming a V along basal margin ............
                          Trichostosnum (p. 39)
   2. Costa not forming a short abrupt tip (mucro)
     3. Paraphyllia on stems and branches; leaves ovate-lanceolate
        4. Paraphyllia usually abundant and conspicuous, fil-
          amentous to multiform; stem and branch leaves usually
          differentiated; terminal cell of branch leaves ending in
          a single sharp papilla ..............Haplocladium (p. 98)





  4. Paraphllia fews,sntallatd incnsicuous; stemas spas-
     itgys and irregularls btancbed; stern and brncneleases
     not noticeably differentiated; costacending neat apex
                         L esktea (p. 94)
3. Parapbhyllia absent
  4. Leases state, spatalate, or linagulate
     5. Leases slenely linguate, alpex eounee, tmargiss
       pslane as mnrsled; appee leaf cells stand, conspie-
       annals bulging-     --..........Inuiieeella (p. 35
     5. Leases spatulate, as-ate- at slolng-laneolate
       6. Lavses satulate
          7. Leaf apex broad, eoundedl; ells hsexag-
            anal, pellueidl; easta yellassish, euditng
            beltn- apex; plants nsinnte, 1-3    mmn
            high -  Gymstaamiella (p. 33)
          7. Leaf apex obause, apieulate, irregualy
            tootheel near she tip; eells sall, stat pcel-
            lucid; club-shaped  prnpagula in   leaf
              al        Hleaphaila (p. 34)
       6. Leaves asvate- an oblnsg-lanceolate
          7. Plants yellowisha oe seddish-braset
            8. Plants  yelloswisha, leases  broadly
               oate, aeunainate, maregin earsely
               tootbedl in uppee half; leaf cells
               eound, thicb-nalleel, nith a single
               papilla an each suefaee ........
                     Anlacaniuan (p. 55)
            5. Plants recddish-brow n; leases ob-
               long-lanceolate, ctrnwded eta shot
               seconartstemns, a pex aeute; upper
               leaf   eells  tastnd,  thiek-ssailed,
               longereatbase,naerss of neasso tee-
               tangualat eells formntg a basal nars-
               gin  .-.._laces niteinen (p. 54)
          7. Plants gteen
            8. Costa steong, pellucid; lenvs ewsith
               a brnad clasping base, geadually ta-
               peting an a aonual   cteaex_
                       A nonaoeon (p. 92)
            5. Cosa not pellucid; leases ovate-
               lanceolate
               9. Lenses  concase,enir-
                 cuesved beloss; cells sin eas
                 parallel an she caste; spberical
                 pnpegla in leaf axils .._.
                      Didjasadan (p. 41)


  4. Paraphyllianfes,smaalland icnspicuus; sems spa-
     ingly and irregularly braucbed; stein and banchaleaves
     anot noticeably differentiated; costa ending neae apex
                         latin-n (p.94)
3. Parapshyllia absent
  4. Lensvas asvate, spatulate, oe lingulate
     5. Leases sleanderly lingasate, apex ronded, nsargins
       plane oe inrolleed; uppee leaf cells ronde, coenspic-
       annals bulging  Lui-seela (p. 35)
     5. Leases spaulate, asvate-n orablong-lancelae
       6. Leaves spatetlate
          7. Leaf apex brad, ronded; cells hexag-
            anal, pellucid; cosa yellonisb, euding
            beloss apex; plants minute, 1-3 tmn
            high   -Gymnoestomiella (p. 33)
          7. Leaf apex abatuse, apicalate, iesegulaly
            tootbedl neae the tip; cells stnall, not pci-
            latcid; club-sbaped  prtopagula  as leaf
                  aPilsnypbila (p. 34)
       6. Le ases osate- te oblong-lancelate
          7. Plants s ellowns lab sereddish-bronn
            8. Plants   yellowisb, leases  beoadly
               osate, acuminate, argin coersely
               toothed in uppes half; leaf cells
               eonne, athick-ssalledl, ssitb a single
               papilla neach suface.
                     Aselaotainus (p. 55)
            8. Plants eddish-brown; leavses ab-
               long-lanceolate, ctanded an short
               secnare stems, apex acute; uppee
               leaf  cells  roande,  thicb-ssailed,
               longereatbase,nasnwofnfarrownee-
               tangelarescellsfornming abasalsna-
               gia  --- -- learmieistn (p. 54)
          7. Plants gteen
            8. Caste steong, pelgncid; leases swith
               aehrnad clsping base, grdully a-
               pering to aroundortacute apex ...
                       Anamadan (p. 52)
            S. Caste  not pellucid; leases svate-
               lanceolate
               9. Leaves   concae,enirc
                 cureee  helon; cells in tan's
                 pasallel In the costa; spherical
                 peopaguaein leaf endls  ..
                      Didyjmodon (p. 41)


   4. Paraphyllia Sea, small and inconspicuous; stemts spa-
     isgly and irtegularl brancbed; stetnuand btancbleaes
     tnot naiceably ediffesentiated; caste endiag ane apex
                         Lesbea (p.94)
3. Parapbyllia absent
  4. Leaves oeate, spatuate, oe lingulate
     5. Leases slenaderls linguate, a pen  one,    agn
       plane as intolled; uppee leaf cells tand, conspic-
       uousle bulging _.Luiiteella (p. 35)
     5. Leases spatulate, oate- at oblong-lanceolaet
       S. Lensves spatetlate
          7. Leaf apex broad, ronded; cells hexag-
            anal, pellucid; caste vegnowisb, ending
            belose  apex; plants tminute, 1-3    an
            high .  Gymsantomiella (p. 33)
          7. Leaf apex obtuse, apiculate, iteegual
            toothsedlanerthe tip; cells smsall, nsottpel-
            lucid; club-shaped   peoagula in   leaf
              .xlPlea...........yphila (p. 34)
       S. Leases ovate- an oblong-lanceoaee
          7. Plants yeganwish oe teddish-brossn
            S. Planassellossish,  leaces  broadlly
               oate, acuminate, maregin carsely
               toothed in uppet half; leaf cells
               enund, ahicb-swalled, awith a single
               papilla an each snrface
                     Auslamnium (p. 55)
            8. Plants  reddish-hbrosn; lenses  ob-
               long-lanaceolate, ctassede an shorsa
               secndata semus, a pen  ct; pe
               leaf   cells  tround,  athick-salledl,
               longerabase,nao  fna rrownn ec-
               tanguae cells forming a basal mar-
               gin    llnMceatnigein a (p. 54)
          7. Plants gteen
            S. Caste steng, pellucid; leases wsith
               ahbrod clasping base, gradually ta
               peringtoanround oreacuteapex ..
                       Anomdoan (p.92)
            S. Caste  net pellscied; lenses sesate-
               lanceolate
               9. Leases conave, entiy-, sc-
                 enesved helosw; cells sin  eas
                 parallel an abs caste; spherical
                 propagua in leaf exile  .--  .
                      Didysuodon (p. 41)



xxxvini      MOSSES OF FLORIDA

                    9. Leaves plane above, incurved
                      below, a few teeth at the apex;
                      cells round to hexagonal, bulg-
                      ing on upper surface ........__
                           Desmatodon (p. 37)
        4. Leaves linear to lanceolate
          5. Cells rectangular, papillose at one or both ends by
            projecting cell angles; plants pale yellowish-green
                             Philonotis (p. 56)
          5. Papillae over the cell cavities
            6. Costa ending several cells below apex
               7. Plants yellowish-green to yellow; apex
                 coarsely and irregularly toothed; upper
                 leaf cells round, thick-walled, with a
                 single papilla on each surface
                          Aulacomnium    (p. 55)
               7. Plants dull bluish-green
                 8. Apex tapering, costa obscured by
                 small, densely papillose cells ..._......__
                             Molendoa (p. 38)
                 8. Apex rounded-obtuse or subacute,
                 costa not obscured ..     .............
                          Gymnostomum    (p. 37)
             6. Costa percurrent; plants small, 1-3 mm hih;
               capsules spherical, enclosed  by   terminal
               leaves . . _  Astomum (p. 40)

G. COsTA ENDING NEAR MID-LEAF, OR, IF LONGER, NOT EXTEND-
   ING INTO THE TIP
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Leaf cells several times as long as broad
     3. Leaf apex short; leaves ovate-lanceolate, crowded, wrinkled
        lengthwise; median cells 8:1, with 1-2 low papillae; large
        group of quadrate cells at basal angles ............................
                         Leucodontopsis (p. 107)
     3. Leaf apex long, slender; median leaf clls linear-flexuous,
        with a single row of small papillae
        4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, auriculate, decurrent; median
          leaf cells in rows oblique to the costa ._ _........
                            Papillaria (p. 102)
        4. Leaves lanceolate, not auriculate or decurrent; median
          leaf cells parallel to the costa ......Barbella (p. 103)
   2. Leaf cells quadrate-hexagonal or short-rhombodal
     3. Paraphyllia present on stems and branches
        4. Stem  and branch leaves differentiated; leaves ovate,


xxxviii      MOSSES OF FLORIDA
                    9. Leaves plane above, incurved
                      below, a few teeth at the apex;
                      cells round to hexagonal, bulg-
                      ing on upper surface ....__..
                           Desmatodon (p. 37)
        4. Leaves linear to lanceolate
          5. Cells rectangular, papillose at one or both ends by
            projecting cell angles; plants pale yellowish-green
                             Philonotis (p. 56)
          5. Papillae over the cell cavities
            6. Costa ending several cells below apex
               7. Plants yellowish-green to yellow; apex
                 coarsely and irregularly toothed; upper
                 leaf cells round, thick-walled, with a
                 single papilla on each surface .........._.
                          Aulacomnium    (p. 55)
               7. Plants dull bluish-green
                 8. Apex tapering, costa obscured by
                 small, densely papillose cells .............
                             Molendoa (p. 38)
                 8. Apex rounded-obtuse or subacute,
                 costa not obscured. ...
                          Gymnostomum (p. 37)
             6. Costa percurrent; plants small, 1-3 mm high;
               capsules spherical, enclosed  by   terminal
               leaves --_-  ............___Astomum (p. 40)

G. COsTA ENDING NEAR MID-LEAF, OR, IF LONGER, NOT ExTEND-
   ING INTO THE TIP
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Leaf cells several times as long as broad
     3. Leaf apex short; leaves ovate-lanceolate, crowded, wrinkled
        lengthwise; median cells 8: 1, with 1-2 low papillae; large
        group of quadrate cells at basal angles ............  
                         Leucodontopsis (p. 107)
     3. Leaf apex long, slender; median leaf cells linear-flexuous,
        with a single row of small papillae
        4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, auriculate, decurrent; median
          leaf cells in rows oblique to the costa ......_....._...
                            Papillaria (p. 102)
        4. Leaves lanceolate, not auriculate or decurrent; median
          leaf cells parallel to the costa -- Barbella (p. 103)
   2. Leaf cells quadrate-hexagonal or short-rhomboldal
     3. Paraphyllia present on stems and branches
        4. Stem  and branch leaves differentiated; leaves ovate,


xxxvini      MOSSES OF FLORIDA
                    9. Leaves plane above, incurved
                      below, a few teeth at the apex;
                      cells round to hexagonal, bulg-
                      ing on upper surface .........
                           Desmatodon (p. 37)
        4. Leaves linear to lanceolate
          5. Cells rectangular, papillose at one or both ends by
            projecting cell angles; plants pale yellowish-green
                             Philonotis (p. 56)
          5. Papillae over the cell cavities
            6. Costa ending several cells below apex
               7. Plants yellowish-green to yellow; apex
                 coarsely and irregularly toothed; upper
                 leaf cells round, thick-walled, with a
                 single papilla on each surface .........
                          Aulacomnium (p. 55)
               7. Plants dull bluish-green
                 8. Apex tapering, costa obscured by
                 small, densely papillose cells.
                             Molendoa (p. 38)
                 8. Apex rounded-obtuse or subacute,
                 costa not obscured ...................  ...
                          Gymnostomum    (p. 37)
             6. Costa percurrent; plants small, 1-3 mm high;
               capsules spherical, enclosed by terminal
               leaves  ....Astomum (p. 40)

G. COsTA ENDING NEAR MID-LEAF, OR, IF LONGER, NOT ExTEND-
   ING INTO THE TIP
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Leaf cells several times as long as broad
     3. Leaf apex short; leaves ovate-lanceolate, crowded, wrinkled
        lengthwise; median cells 8: 1, with 1-2 low papillac; large
        group of quadrate cells at basal angles .........
                         Leucodontopsis (p. 107)
     3. Leaf apex long, slender; median leaf cells linear-flexuous,
        with a single row of small papillae
        4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, auriculate, decurrent; median
          leaf cells in rows oblique to the costa ...
                            Papillaria (p. 102)
        4. Leaves lanceolate, not auriculate or decurrent; median
          leaf cells parallel to the costa ...Barbella (p. 103)
   2. Leaf cells quadrate-hexagonal or short-rhomboldal
     3. Paraphyllia present on stems and branches
        4. Stem and branch leaves differentiated; leaves ovate,



              KEY TO GENERA        XXXiX

          acute to acuminate; terminal cell of branch leaves end-
          ing in 2 or more papillae ..-.........Thuidium (p. 95)
       4. Stem and branch leaves not differentiated
          5. Leaves broadly ovate, apiculate; margins ciliate;
            cells with a single large hooked or forked papilla
                              Thelia (p. 93)
          5. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt or pointed;
            paraphyllia few, inconspicuous ....Leskea (p. 94)
     3. Paraphyllia lacking
       4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, brittle
          and often broken; cells small, isodiametric, densely
          papillose, the papillae of the bulging marginal cells
          forming fine teeth; costa papillose on back below ....
                         Haplohymenium    (p. 91)
       4. Leaves lingulate from  a broad clasping base; apex
          broad and rounded to acute; marginal cells not bulg-
          ing, entire or toothed near apex; costa strong, pellucid
                           Anomodon (p. 92)
1. Leaf cells smooth
  2. Leaf cells rhomboidal, not exceeding 6:1, usually shorter
     3. Plants robust; secondary stems somewhat dendroid; leaves
       auriculate, broadly ovate-lanceolate, tip coarsely toothed;
       costa ending several cells below apex ....Climacium (p. 76)
     3. Plants small, often delicate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-
       to long-acuminate
       4. Cells short, usually not exceeding 2:1
          5. Tips of branches curved upward; leaves crowded,
            concave; quadrate basal cells numerous; capsules
            lateral, on short setae, erect, symmetric..............-
                            Cryphaea (p. 109)
          5. Branches very short, hooked at tips
            6. Upper leaf cells longer than median; costa
               often extending beyond mid-leaf; basal cells
               rectangular; outer teeth  of the peristome
               longer than the inner, united in pairs, re-
               flexed when dry -...Anacamptodon (p. 111)
            6. Upper leaf cells not longer than median;
               costa extending beyond mid-leaf; numerous
               quadrate cells in basal angles; outer teeth of
               the peristome shorter than the inner, not
               united in pairs or reflexed .   ....- ...-
                          Clasmatodon (p. 112)
       4. Cells 2-10:1
          5. Leaves widely spreading, recurved, sometimes
            turned in one direction; tip long, slender, chan-
            neled ._......-..................Campylium (p. 66)


           KEY T O GENERA        XxxiX
       acute to acuminate; terminal cell of branch leaves end-
       ing in 2 or more papillae .      Thuidium (p. 95)
     4. Stem and branch leaves not differentiated
       5. Leaves broadly ovate, apiculate; margins ciliate;
          cells with a single large hooked or forked papilla
                            Thelia (p. 93)
       5. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt or pointed;
          paraphyllia few, inconspicuous _..-Leskea (p. 94)
   3. Paraphyllia lacking
     4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, brittle
       and often broken; cells small, isodiametric, densely
       papillose, the papillae of the bulging marginal cells
       forming fine teeth; costa papillose on back below ....
                      Haplohymenium    (p. 91)
     4. Leaves lingulate from  a broad clasping base; apex
       broad and rounded to acute; marginal cells not bulg-
       ing, entire or toothed near apex; costa strong, pellucid
                         Anomodon (p. 92)
Leaf cells smooth
2. Leaf cells rhomboidal, not exceeding 6:1, usually shorter
   3. Plants robust; secondary stems somewhat dendroid; leaves
     auriculate, broadly ovate-lanceolate, tip coarsely toothed;
     costa ending several cells below apex __ _Climacium (p. 76)
   3. Plants small, often delicate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-
     to long-acuminate
     4. Cells short, usually not exceeding 2:1
        5. Tips of branches curved upward; leaves crowded,
          concave; quadrate basal cells numerous; capsules
          lateral, on short setae, erect, symmetric.
                          Cryphaea (p. 109)
        5. Branches very short, hooked at tips
          6. Upper leaf cells longer than median; costa
            often extending beyond mid-leaf; basal cells
            rectangular; outer teeth of the peristome
            longer than the inner, united in pairs, re-
            flexed when dry ___Anacamptodon (p. 111)
          6. Upper leaf cells not longer than median;
             costa extending beyond mid-leaf; numerous
             quadrate cells in basal angles; outer teeth of
             the peristome shorter than the inner, not
             united in pairs or reflexed ..--.__......
                        Clasmatodon (p. 112)
     4. Cells 2-10:1
        5. Leaves widely spreading, recurved, sometimes
          turned in one direction; tip long, slender, chan-
          neled -.....................- Campylium (p. 66)


           KEY T O GE NE RA      X~xXiX

       acute to acuminate; terminal cell of branch leaves end-
       ing in 2 or more papillae .      Thuidium (p. 95)
     4. Stem and branch leaves not differentiated
        5. Leaves broadly ovate, apiculate; margins ciliate;
          cells with a single large hooked or forked papilla
                            Thelia (p. 93)
        5. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt or pointed;
          paraphyllia few, inconspicuous _..-Leskea (p. 94)
   3. Paraphyllia lacking
     4. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, brittle
       and often broken; cells small, isodiametric, densely
       papillose, the papillae of the bulging marginal cells
       forming fine teeth; costa papillose on back below ......
                      Haplohymenium    (p. 91)
     4. Leaves lingulate from a broad clasping base; apex
       broad and rounded to acute; marginal cells not bulg-
       ing, entire or toothed near apex; costa strong, pellucid
                         Anomodon (p. 92)
Leaf cells smooth
2. Leaf cells rhomboidal, not exceeding 6:1, usually shorter
   3. Plants robust; secondary stems somewhat dendroid; leaves
     auriculate, broadly ovate-lanceolate, tip coarsely toothed;
     costa ending several cells below apex ....Climacium (p. 76)
   3. Plants small, often delicate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-
     to long-acuminate
     4. Cells short, usually not exceeding 2:1
        5. Tips of branches curved upward; leaves crowded,
          concave; quadrate basal cells numerous; capsules
          lateral, on short setae, erect, symmetric.
                          Cryphaea (p. 109)
        5. Branches very short, hooked at tips
          6. Upper leaf cells longer than median; costa
            often extending beyond mid-leaf; basal cells
            rectangular; outer teeth of the peristome
            longer than the inner, united in pairs, re-
            flexed when dry -...Anacamptodon (p. 111)
          6. Upper leaf cells not longer than median;
             costa extending beyond mid-leaf; numerous
             quadrate cells in basal angles; outer teeth of
             the peristome shorter than the inner, not
             united in pairs or reflexed .......   ...
                        Clasmatodon (p. 112)
     4. Cells 2-10:1
        5. Leaves widely spreading, recurved, sometimes
          turned in one direction; tip long, slender, chan-
          neled ...........-- .............Campylium (p. 66)



          MOSSES OF FLORIDA

        5. Leaves not widely spreading or recurved
          6. Plants small, delicate; leaves long-acuminate,
            margin toothed in upper half; entire base of
            quadrate cells, extending up margin 12-20
            rows ............----............_Fabronia (p. 112)
          6. Leaves short-acuminate, margin    entire or
            nearly so; a few enlarged cells at basal angles,
            vertically or horizontally elongate at margin
                        Amblystegium (p. 67)
2. Leaf cells hexagonal, linear-rhomboidal, or linear-flexuous,
  6-12:1
  3. Leaf cells linear-flexuous, about 10:1; leaves widely spread-
     ing, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acuminate from round-
     ed, clasping base; margins wavy ..Meteoriopsis (p. 103)
   3. Cells not linear-flexuous
     4. Leaf apex twisted a half turn
        5. Plants golden green, robust, conspicuously julace-
          ous; leaves concave, spoon-shaped, wrinkled .....
                        Cirriphyllum (p. 74)
        5. Plants yellowish-green, somewhat flattened; leaves
          ovate-lanceolate, not concave or spoon-shaped,
          slenderly long-acuminate; costa ending in spine
          on dorsal side (not always conspicuous) .__..
                       Rhynchostegium   (p. 75)
     4. Leaf apex not twisted
        5. Stem and branch leaves usually differentiated;
          leaves erect-spreading, vertically wrinkled, short-
          decurrent; margins toothed above ............_.
                       Brachythecium (p. 71)
        5. Stem and branch leaves not differentiated
          6. Plants coarse, more or less robust
             7. Secondary stems julaceous, freely
               branched; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-
               acuminate; median cells elliptic to rhom-
               boidal, 8-10:1; plants growing on trees
                        Forsstroemia (p. 108)
             7. Secondary stems not julaceous; leaves
               ovate-lanceolate, acumination variable;
               median    cells  hexagonal  to  linear,
               5-10:1; plants aquatic or in wet places
                        Leptodictyum (p. 69)
          6. Plants not coarse or robust
             7. Plants aquatic or in wet places; leaves
               ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate;   median
               cells hexagonal to linear ....................
                        Leptodictyum (p. 69)


Xt           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

          5. Leaves not widely spreading or recurved
            6. Plants small, delicate; leaves long-acuminate,
               margin toothed in upper half; entire base of
               quadrate cells, extending up margin 12-20
               rows ..     ..Fabronia (p. 112)
            6. Leaves short-acuminate, margin    entire or
               nearly so; a few enlarged cells at basal angles,
               vertically or horizontally elongate at margin
                          Amblystegium (p. 67)
   2. Leaf cells hexagonal, linear-rhomboidal, or linear-flexuous,
     6-12:1
     3. Leaf cells linear-flexuous, about 10:1; leaves widely spread-
        ing, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acuminate from round-
        ed, clasping base; margins wavy ...-Aeteoriopsis (p. 103)
     3. Cells not linear-flexuous
        4. Leaf apex twisted a half turn
          5. Plants golden green, robust, conspicuously julace-
            ous; leaves concave, spoon-shaped, wrinkled ...
                           Cirriphyllum (p. 74)
          5. Plants yellowish-green, somewhat flattened; leaves
            ovate-lanceolate, not concave or spoon-shaped,
            slenderly tong-acuminate; costa ending in spine
            on dorsal side (not always conspicuous) .......
                         Rhynchostegium   (p. 753
        4. Leaf apex not twisted
          5. Stem  and branch leaves usually differentiated;
            leaves erect-spreading, vertically wrinkled, short-
            decurrent; margins toothed above ................
                          Brachythecium (p. 71)
          5. Stem  and branch leaves not differentiated
             6. Plants coarse, more or less robust
               7. Secondary    stems   julaceous,  freely
                 branched; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-
                 acuminate; median cells elliptic to rhom-
                 boidal, 8-10:1; plants growing on trees
                           Forsstroemia (p. 108)
               7. Secondary stems not julaceous; leaves
                 ovate-lanceolate, acumination variable;
                 median cells  hexagonal   to  linear,
                 5-10:1; plants aquatic or in wet places
                           Leptodictyum (p. 69)
             6. Plants not coarse or robust
               7. Plants aquatic or in wet places; leaves
                 ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate;  median
                 cells hexagonal to linear ...   -...-
                           Leptodictyum (p. 69)


        5. Leaves not widely spreading or recurved
          6. Plants small, delicate; leaves long-acuminate,
            margin toothed in upper half; entire base of
            quadrate cells, extending up margin 12-20
            rows  .............. ...... ....Fabronia  (p.  112)
          6. Leaves short-acuminate, margin    entire or
            nearly so; a few enlarged cells at basal angles,
            vertically or horizontally elongate at margin
                        Amblystegium (p. 67)
2. Leaf cells hexagonal, linear-rhomboidal, or linear-flexuous,
  6-12:1
  3. Leaf cells linear-flexuous, about 10:1; leaves widely spread-
     ing, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acuminate from round-
     ed, clasping base; margins wavy ____Meteoriopsis (p. 103)
   3. Cells not linear-flexuous
     4. Leaf apex twisted a half turn
        5. Plants golden green, robust, conspicuously julace-
          ous; leaves concave, spoon-shaped, wrinkled ...
                        Cirriphyllum (p. 74)
        5. Plants yellowish-green, somewhat flattened; leaves
          ovate-lanceolate, not concave or spoon-shaped,
          slenderly long-acuminate; costa ending in spine
          on dorsal side (not always conspicuous) .  ....
                       Rhynchostegium   (p. 75)
     4. Leaf apex not twisted
        5. Stem   and branch leaves usually differentiated;
          leaves erect-spreading, vertically wrinkled, short-
          decurrent; margins toothed above .............
                       Brachythecium (p. 71)
        5. Stem  and branch leaves not differentiated
          6. Plants coarse, more or less robust
             7. Secondary stems julaceous, freely
               branched; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-
               acuminate; median cells elliptic to rhom-
               boidal, 8-10:1; plants growing on trees
                        Forsstroemia (p. 108)
             7. Secondary stems not julaceous; leaves
               ovate-lanceolate, acumination variable;
               median    cells  hexagonal  to  linear,
               5-10:1; plants aquatic or in wet places
                        Leptodictyum (p. 69)
          6. Plants not coarse or robust
             7. Plants aquatic or in wet places; leaves
               ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate;   median
               cells  hexagonal  to  linear  .-...............
                        Leptodictyum (p. 69)



              KEY TO GENERA          xAn
              7. Plants not aquatic or in wet places
                 8. Plants growing on soil, decaying
                    wood, limestone; leaves ovate, acute
                    to short-acuminate, conspicuously
                    toothed at tip; median leaf cells
                    linear-rhomboidal, alar region not
                    well differentiated; costa ending in
                    a conspicuous spine on dorsal side
                         Oxyrrhynchium (p. 74)
                 8. Plants growing on bark of living
                    trees,  delicate;  leaves  ovate-
                    lanceolate, acuminate; median leaf
                    cells  linear-fusiform;  numerous
                    quadrate cells at basal angles .__.
                          Homalotheciella ( p. 7 5)

H. COsTA DOUBLE, STRONG, EXTENDING BEYOND MID--LEAF
1. Cells small, angular, isodiametric, with a single papilla on each sur-
   face; leaves oblong, with a short abrupt tip; each branch of the costa
   ending in a conspicuous spine on the dorsal surface; seta rough ...
                           Callicostella (p. 99)
1. Cells large, lax, oblong-hexagonal, smooth
  2. Leaves oblong-ovate, slenderly tipped, bordered with narrow
     cells; seta smooth __     ....._____Cyclodictyon (p. 100)
   2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a long, slender,
     toothed tip; cells smooth; border indistinct; lateral leaves asyms-
     metric- . . . .      Lepidopilum (p. 100)

L COsTA INCONSPICUOUS, EITHER SHORT AND DOUBLE OR ABSENT
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Leaves oval, rounded at apex, flattened, with 2 rows of dorsal
     leaves and 2 rows of much smaller ventral leaves.
                            Solmsiella (p. 52)
   2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, not differentiated or flattened
     3. Leaf apex slender, rough, hoary ............Hediwigia (p. 43)
     3. Leaf apex short, not rough or hoary
        4. Cells with one or two papillae on the dorsal surface
          5. Median leaf cells 1-2:1; leaf margin finely and
             evenly toothed almost to base, the teeth curving
             outward; entire base of quadrate cells; plants
             small ___.__.__._Schwetschkeopsis (p. 111)
          5. Median leaf cells 8:1; large group of quadrate
             cells at basal angles; leaves wrinkled lenghwise ..
                         Lencodontopsis (p. 107)


               7. Plants not aquatic or in wet places
                 8. Plants growing on soil, decaying
                    wood, limestone; leaves ovate, acute
                    to short-acuminate, conspicuously
                    toothed at tip; median leaf cells
                    linear-rhomboidal, alar region not
                    well dihfferentiated; costa ending in
                    a conspicuous spine on dorsal side
                         Oxyrrhynchium ( p. 74)
                 8. Plants growing on bark of living
                    trees,  delicate;  leaves  ovate-
                    lanceolate, acuminate; median leaf
                    cells  linear-fusiform;  numerous
                    quadrate cells at basal angles.
                          Homalotheeiella (p. 75)

H. COSTA DOUBLE, STRONG, EXTENDING BEYOND MID-LEAF
1. Cells small, angular, isodiametric, with a single papilla on each Sur-
   face; leaves oblong, with a short abrupt tip; each branch of the costa
   ending in a conspicuous spine on the dorsal surface; seta rough  ...
                           Callicostella (p. 99)
1. Cells large, lax, oblong-hexagonal, smooth
  2. Leaves oblong-ovate, slenderly tipped, bordered with narrow
     cells; seta smooth ................................Cyclodictyon (p. 100)
   2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a long, slender,
     toothed tip; cells smooth; border indistinct; lateral leaves asym-
     metric     ......Lepidopilum (p. 100)

 COSTA INCONSPICUOUs, EITHER SHORT AND DOUBLE OR ABSENT
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Leaves oval, rounded at apex, flattened, with 2 rows of dorsal
     leaves and 2 rows of much smaller ventral leaves -.-  __.
                            Solmsiella (p. 52)
   2. leaves ovate-lanceolate, not differentiated or flattened
     3. Leaf apex slender, rough, hoary __._____Hedeigia (p. 43)
     3. Leaf apex short, not rough or hoary
        4. Cells with one or two papillae on the dorsal surface
          5. Median leaf cells 1-2: 1; leaf margin finely and
             evenly toothed almost to base, the teeth curving
             outward; entire base of quadrate cells; plants
             small ...  Schwetschkeopsis (p. 111)
          5. Median leaf cells 8:1; large group of quadrate
             cells at basal angles; leaves wrinkled leng.hwise
                         Leucodontopsis (p. 107)


              KEY TO GENERA          xli

              7. Plants not aquatic or in wet places
                 8. Plants growing on soil, decaying
                    wood, limestone; leaves ovate, acute
                    to short-acuminate, conspicuously
                    toothed at tip; median leaf cells
                    linear-rhomboidal, alar region not
                    well differentiated; costa ending in
                    a conspicuous spine on dorsal side
                         Oxyrrhynchium (p. 74)
                 8. Plants growing on bark of living
                    trees,  delicate;  leaves  ovate-
                    lanceolate, acuminate; median leaf
                    cells  linear-fusiform;  numerous
                    quadrate cells at basal angles ....
                          Hosmalotheciella (p. 75)

Hl. COsTA DOUBLE, STRONG, EXTENDING BEYOND MID-LEAF
1. Cells small, angular, isodiametric, with a single papilla on each sur-
   face; leaves oblong, with a short abrupt tip; each branch of the costa
   ending in a conspicuous spine on the dorsal surface; seta rough ....
                           Callicostella (p. 99)
1. Cells large, lax, oblong-hexagonal, smooth
  2. Leaves oblong-ovate, slenderly tipped, bordered with narrow
     cells; seta smooth .... Cyclodictyon (p. 100)
   2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a long, slender,
     toothed tip; cells smooth; border indistinct; lateral leaves asym-
     metric ..... _.__ ____--__.....___Lepidopilum  (p. 100)

I. COsTA INCONSPICUOUS, EITHER SHORT AND DOUBLE OR ABSENT
1. Leaf cells papillose
   2. Leaves oval, rounded at apex, flattened, with 2 rows of dorsal
     leaves and 2 rows of much smaller ventral leaves.
                            Solhsiella (p. 52)
   2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, not differentiated or flattened
     3. Leaf apex slender, rough, hoary ............Hedwigia (p. 43)
     3. Leaf apex short, not rough or hoary
        4. Cells with one or two papillae on the dorsal surface
          5. Median leaf cells 1-2:1; leaf margin finely and
             evenly toothed almost to base, the teeth curving
             outward; entire base of quadrate cells; plants
             small ...  Schwetschkeopsis (p. 111)
          5. Median leaf cells 8:1; large group of quadrate
             cells at basal angles; leaves wrinkled leng.hwise ..
                         Leocodontopsis (p. 107)



xlii         MO SSES OF FLORIDA
       4. Cells with a row of several small papillae on the dorsal
          surface; plants delicate  _..__Taxithelium (p. 88)
1. Leaf cells smooth
   2. Aquatic, floating; leaves narrowly lanceolate, flat or folded, 3-
     ranked ...............-..-  ........................-------Fontinalis (p. 113)
  2. Not aquatic
     3. Plants minute, 1-2 mm     tall, stemless or nearly so; pro-
       tonemata persistent; leaves slender; capsules small, spheri-
       cal, sessile . . . . Nanomitrium (p. 46)
     3. Plants larger, protonemata not persistent
       4. Secondary stems erect from   a slender creeping stem,
          only 3 or 4 growing together; leaves crowded, widely
          spreading, contorted when dry; apical and basal leaf
          cells porose . ...- ..Jaegerina (p. 104)
       4. Secondary stems prostrate, pinnately branching
          5. Cells at basal angles enlarged, hyaline, and in-
            flated
            6. Large area of inflated cells forming decurrent
               auricles in  basal angles; ends of stems
               hooked, curved in one direction; leaf tips
               curved downward; median leaf cells linear-
               fusiform ...Hypnum (p. 80)
            6. Small area of inflated cells (2-5), not form-
               ing auricles
               7. Tips of branches usually curved in one
                 direction; 2-3 conspicuous, inflated, hy-
                 aline or colored cells at basal angles;
                 peristome teeth with a zigzag furrow -.
                          Sematophyllum (p. 88)
               7. Tips of branches curved upward; 4-5
                 cells at basal angles inflated and hyaline;
                 peristome teeth with a straight furrow
                           Acroporium (p. 90)
          5. Cells at basal angles small, quadrate, but not
            hyaline or inflated
            6. Leaves differentiated into dorsal, lateral, and
               ventral .....................Vesicularia (p. 80)
            6. Leaves not differentiated
               7. Paraphyllia present in leaf axils
                 8. Leaves symmetric, flattened, widely
                    spreading; apex    short- to  long-
                    acuminate ....Taxiphyllut (p. 84)
                 8. Leaves slightly asymmetric, not flat-
                    tened, curved in one direction, 2-3
                    marginal cells at base decurrent....
                         Ectropothecium (p. 85)


xlii         MOSSES OF FLORIDA
       4. Cells with a row of several small papillae on the dorsal
          surface; plants delicate .       Taxithelium (p. 88)
1. Leaf cells smooth
   2. Aquatic, floating; leaves narrowly lanceolate, flat or folded, 3-
     ranked    -    .............................--..Fontinalis (p. 113)
  2. Not aquatic
     3. Plants minute, 1-2 mm     tall, stemless or nearly so; pro-
       tonemata persistent; leaves slender; capsules small, spheri-
       cal, sessile ........... . . Nanomitrium (p. 46)
     3. Plants larger, protonemata not persistent
       4. Secondary stems erect from a slender creeping stem,
          only 3 or 4 growing together; leaves crowded, widely
          spreading, contorted when dry; apical and basal leaf
          cells porose  -.........................-Jegerina (p. 104)
       4. Secondary stems prostrate, pinnately branching
          5. Cells at basal angles enlarged, hyaline, and in-
            flated
            6. Large area of inflated cells forming decurrent
         ,     auricles in basal angles; ends of stems
               hooked, curved in one direction; leaf tips
               curved downward; median leaf cells linear-
               fusiform ...   ....__..--Hypnum    (p. 80)
            6. Small area of inflated cells (2-5), not form-
               ing auricles
               7. Tips of branches usually curved in one
                 direction; 2-3 conspicuous, inflated, hy-
                 aline or colored cells at basal angles;
                 peristome teeth with a zigzag furrow -..
                          Sematophyllum (p. 88)
               7. Tips of branches curved upward; 4-5
                 cells at basal angles inflated and hyaline;
                 peristome teeth with a straight furrow
                           Acroporium (p. 90)
          5. Cells at basal angles small, quadrate, but not
            hyaline or inflated
            6. Leaves differentiated into dorsal, lateral, and
               ventral .-..... .Vesicularia (p. 80)
            6. Leaves not differentiated
               7. Paraphyllia present in leaf axils
                 8. Leaves symmetric, flattened, widely
                    spreading; apex    short- to  long-
                    acuminate ....Taxiphyllum (p. 84)
                 8. Leaves slightly asymmetric, not flat-
                    tened, curved in one direction, 2-3
                    marginal cells at base decurrent....
                         Ectropothecium (p. 85)


xlii


M OS SE S O F F L ORTD A


       4. Cells with a row of several small papillae on the dorsal
          surface; plants delicate .     Taxithelium (p. 88)
1. Leaf cells smooth
  2. Aquatic, floating; leaves narrowly lanceolate, flat or folded, 3-
     ranked .......-- ......-......................-_-Fontinalis (p. 113)
  2. Not aquatic
     3. Plants minute, 1-2 mm    tall, stemless or nearly so; pro-
       tonemata persistent; leaves slender; capsules small, spheri-
       cal, sessile -..................._.. -.Nanomitrium (p. 46)
     3. Plants larger, protonemata not persistent
       4. Secondary stems erect from a slender creeping stem,
          only 3 or 4 growing together; leaves crowded, widely
          spreading, contorted when dry; apical and basal leaf
          cells porose  -....._-..............Jaegerina (p. 104)
       4. Secondary stems prostrate, pinnately branching
          5. Cells at basal angles enlarged, hyaline, and in-
            flated
            6. Large area of inflated cells forming decurrent
         ,     auricles in basal angles; ends of stems
               hooked, curved in one direction; leaf tips
               curved downward; median leaf cells linear-
               fusiform --. . -Hypnum (p. 80)
            6. Small area of inflated cells (2-5), not form-
               ing auricles
               7. Tips of branches usually curved in one
                 direction; 2-3 conspicuous, inflated, hy-
                 aline or colored cells at basal angles;
                 peristome teeth with a zigzag furrow .
                          Sematophyllum (p. 88)
               7. Tips of branches curved upward; 4-5
                 cells at basal angles inflated and hyaline;
                 peristome teeth with a straight furrow
                           Acroporium (p. 90)
          5. Cells at basal angles small, quadrate, but not
            hyaline or inflated
            6. Leaves differentiated into dorsal, lateral, and
               ventral .. . Vesicularia (p. 80)
            6. Leaves not differentiated
               7. Paraphyllia present in leaf axils
                 8. Leaves symmetric, flattened, widely
                    spreading; apex  short- to long-
                    acuminate .___Taxiphyllum (p. 84)
                 8. Leaves slightly asymmetric, not flat-
                    tened, curved in one direction, 2-3
                    marginal cells at base decurrent.
                         Ectropothecium (p. 85)



KEY TO GENERA         Xi
7. Paraphyllia absent
   8. Quadrate cells at basal angles nu-
      merous, extending     several rows
      along margin
      9. Cells linear, 8-15:1; leaves
        broadly ovate, apiculate, no-
        ticeably concave; stems jula-
        ceous or flattened; plants glossy
               Entodon (p. 77)
      9. Cells rhomboidal to hexagonal,
        6-10: I; teaves ovate-lanceolate,
        short- to long-acuminate
        10. Secondary stems jula-
            ceous;   plants   robust;
            leaves short-acuminate
            11. Secondary stems
               unbranched or
               sparsely branched;
               leaves   sometimes
               rough on dorsal
               surface of apex
               Leucodon (p.107)
            11. Secondary stems
               freely  branching,
               often curved up-
               ward and outward
                  Forsstroemia
                    (p. 108)
         10. Secondary stems not ju-
            laceous; plants in thin
            mats;   branches   short,
            tips   recurved;   leaves
            long-acuminate;     small
            bud-like propagula in
            axils of upper leaves......
              Platygyrium (p. 83)
    8. Quadrate cells at basal angles few
      or absent
      9. Leaves decurrent, slightly au-
        riculate, widely spreading; apex
        slender, channeled, recurved;
        median teaf cells rectangular
        to rhomboidal, 4-12:1 ........
              Campylium (p. 66)
      9. Leaves not decurrent or auric-
         ulate


KEY TO GENERA         .x/ZZZ

7. Paraphyllia absent
   8. Quadrate cells at basal angles nu-
      merous, extending    several rows
      along margin
      9. Cells inear, 8-15:1; leaves
        broadly ovate, apiculate, no-
        ticeably concave; stems jula-
        ceous or flattened; plants glossy
               Entodon (p. 77)
      9. Cells rhomboidal to hexagonal,
        6-10: 1; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
        short- to long-acuminate
        10. Secondary   stems   jula-
            ceous;  plants   robust;
            leaves short-acuminate
            11. Secondary stems
               unbranched or
               sparsely branched;
               leaves  sometimes
               rough   on  dorsal
               surface of apex ..
               Leucodon (p.107)
            11. Secondarv stems
               freely  branching,
               often curved up-
               ward and outward
                  Forsstroemia
                    (p. 108)
         10. Secondary stems not ju-
            laceous; plants in thin
            mats; branches    short,
            tips  recurved;   leaves
            tong-acuminate;    small
            bud-like  propagula  in
            axils of upper leaves.....
              Platygyrium (p. 83)
    8. Quadrate cells at basal angles few
      or absent
      9. Leaves decurrent, slightly an-
        riculate, widely spreading; apex
        slender, channeled, recurved;
        median leaf cells rectangular
        to rhomboidal, 4-12:1   ..-....
              Campylium   (p. 66)
      9. Leaves not decurrent or auric-
         ulate


KEY TO GENERA         XliZZ

7. Paraphyllia absent
   8. Quadrate cells at basal angles nu-
      merous, extending     several rows
      along margin
      9. Cells linear, 8-15:1; leaves
        broadly ovate, apiculate, no-
        ticeably concave; stems jula-
        ceous or flattened; plants glossy
               Entodon (p. 77)
      9. Cells rhomboidal to hexagonal,
        6-10: 1; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
        short- to long-acuminate
        10. Secondary stems jula-
            ceous;   plants   robust;
            leaves short-acuminate
            11. Secondary stems
               unbranched or
               sparsely branched;
               leaves   sometimes
               rough on dorsal
               surface of apex ....
               Leucodon (p.107)
            11, Secondary stems
               freely branching,
               often curved up-
               ward and outward
                  Forsstroemia
                    (p. 108)
         10. Secondary stems not ju-
            laceous; plants in thin
            mats;   branches   short,
            tips   recurved;   leaves
            long-acuminate;     small
            bud-like   propagula  in
            axils of upper leaves-..
              Platygyrium (p. 83)
    8. Quadrate cells at basal angles few
      or absent
      9. Leaves decurrent, slightly au-
        riculate, widely spreading; apex
        slender, channeled, recurved;
        median leaf cells rectangular
        to rhomboidal, 4-12:1 ...
              Campylium    (p. 66)
      9. Leaves not decurrent or auric-
         ulate





















10. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
   short- to long-acuminate,
   sometimes   asymmetric;
   median leaf cells fusi-
   form,   9-12:1,   apical
   cells 1-2:1; single row
   of enlarged rectangular
   cells across base of leaf
     Isopterygium (p. 82)
10. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
   concave, turned to one
   side; stem tips recurved;
   median leaf cells linear-
   rhomboidal, apical cells
   shorter and broader -.
       Pylaisia (p. 83)


10. Leaves   ovate-lanceolate,
   short- to long-acmninate,
   sometimes    asymmetric;
   median leaf cells fusi-
   form, 9-12:1, apical
   cells 1-2:1; single row
   of enlarged rectangular
   cells across base of leaf
   Isopterygium (p. 82)
10. Leaves   ovate-lanceolate,
   concave, turned to one
   side; stem tips recurved;
   median leaf cells linear-
   rhomboidal, apical cells
   shorter and broader ...
       Pylaisia (p. 83)


10. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
   short- to long-acuminate,
   sometimes asymmetric;
   median leaf cells fusi-
   form,   9-12:1,   apical
   cells 1-2:1; single row
   of enlarged rectangular
   cells across base of leaf
     Isopterygium (p. 82)
10. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
   concave, turned to one
   side; stem tips recurved;
   median leaf cells linear-
   rhomboidal, apical cells
   shorter and broader ..
       Pylaisia (p. 83)



Taxonomic

      Treatment


Taxonomic

      Treatment


Taxonomic

      Treatment


            FISSIDENTACEAE

                FISSIDENS
 Plants gregarious to tufted, minute to iaege; stem s erect oe lax anti
 poocumbent, simsple or beanched, central strand present. Leaves flattened
 tea one plane, 2-rooked and split so the costa on ste innee side, the split
poetion sheathing the steso as the hate, and often enclosing hoses of leaves
next above, dorsal laminae ending ats insertion or some distance ahose
somoetimes slightly decurentc costa stoong, coding helosw apex, peocurrent
or shoetly excuerent; leaf cells small, ireegularly hcexagonal, smooth,
bulging, or papillose, isodiamsetric except noe hase. Mossnicous or dioicous.
Capsules tersinalneriateral, erco oincinedl,symmetric orenearly so;
calcptra hood-shaped, sphct on one side; operculum conic, heaked; peci-
stance of lb reddish or yellowish teeth split ahout half their length, ridged-
papillose. Spaces smooth, 10-20  .

1.Aqaattc, ptants floating, slender, elongated, flaccid, sides casts blackish; leates
  dittant, hocear-lanoltas, 8:t orslonger
  2. Pesiasome teeth truncate, cleft and perfosate ahbove, papillose; stas shsorter
  than capsuto - - - - --........ ....................- -- - 0----- . debt/is
  2. Peeistoe teeth tong, slcnder, deelt cloft, disagnatty rtdged aboe; sts a
    littoe tonics than capsuto ------...-------------  ... nanateces
1. Not aquatic; plants south shsortercaud smaller; leaves shsorter, notsmore than
  2. Leaves borderedbyelnatd,hbaincels, aleastonagisastainae
    3, Bordestensding tocosta atapex ot neatl lss


            F-IS SIDE NTACEAE

                FISSIDENS
 Plants gregacious so tufted, minute to lare; stems cocci or lax and
 peocunshene, sinsple or branched, conical stcand present. Leases flattened
 in one plane, 2-ranhed and split to she cotta on the mooer side, she split
 portion sheathing cte stout at she hate, and often enclosing hates of leaves
 next abnove, dorsal laminae ending at5 insertion or sote disctante ahose,
 sometimes slightlc decurrenc; cosca strong, ending heowe apex, percurrent
nor shcortly excurrent; leaf cells small, ircegularle hexagonal, smooth,
bulging, or papillose, isodiametcic except neac base. Mooicous nor dioicous.
Capsules terminalnoriateral, erect oricined, symtottic orsnealy so;
calhptra hood-shaped, splic on one sidt-; opercuinns conic, beaked; peck-
scomc of lb reddish or yelloswish teeth split about half sheir length, ridged-
papillose. Spoes smsooch, 10-20 p.

1. Aquatic, plants floating, tlender, elongated, flaccid, oldes casts btackdsh; teavet
  distant, linear-lanceoltae, 8: 1 os longes
  2. Peristome sooth truncat, cloft and pesforate abate, papiltose; sta shorter
  sthan capsule                   F . . . . debutis
  2. Peristome teeth lsog, slcndes, deeply cleft, diagonstic sidged above; seta a
  botle  lootges  than  capsule ..P......................... .  n  anateesis
L. Not aquatic; plants mtuch shorter and smaltes; heates shorte, uotsmorethan
  2. Leates bosdered by elougated, hyalbne ceth, at teat on taginant lamsinae
    3. floods-textending tocosta ataponearlycso


            FISSIDENTACEAE

                FISSIDENS
 Plants gregasious an tufted, minute so large; stemseroci or lax and
 procumbenc, simople or branched, conceal steand present. Leaves flattened
 in one plane, 2-tanked and split to the costa on the mootr side, the split
poction sheathing the stem at the bate, and often enclosing bases of leates
next above, dorsal laminae ending as inseecion or some distance above,
sosetioses slightly decurentu; costa strong, ending belowe apex, percusrent
tor shsortly excortenc; leaf cells small, irregularly hexagonal, smoostc,
buslging, or papillose, isodiametric except neat base. Mbonoicous nor dioicous.
Capsules temintalnorateral, erectorinlined, svmmetic    oreneaciyso;
calyptra hood-shaped, split on one side; operculum conic, beaked; peri-
scomse oft b6 reddish or yellowsish teeth split about half theie length, cidged-
papillose. Spoes smooth, 10-20 p.

1. Aquatic, plans floating, tlender, elongated, flaccid, aides casts btackish; leates
  distant, lincar-lanceoate, 8: 1 or longer
  2. Psaissame teeth trancate, cleft and pestosate aboe, paillose; acts shorter
  than capsulnic ..................... -------...____.... .F. debilis
  2. Peritosmessesth itong, slendes, deeply cloft, diagnally sidged abne; steta a
  botle longer than capsule. . . . . . nanatcensis
1. Not aquatic; plants muchshortoeradmale;cleaeshrte,notmoehan
  2. Leaves bordesed by elongated, hyaline costs, at least on caginans lamnae
    3. Blodersextending toosta at apexoronearly so








      4. Cels of vagfnant loomitae larger, especdally aonogota.__ F. kegeliaous
      4. Colls ofvagfnantlamifaeot lager
          3. Vagioant flinae half the loogth of leaf, dorsal laminae reaching

             6. Leaves ote-aote, opex obtuse, border oodfng 6-12 cdlls
               beowoapte, margin entr                 I                     F. pusitllus
            6. Leaves lancolte, apxacte, hordert couet with otat
               leaf toox;                                                 F. mnttotus
         5. Vaginant lamina twto-thirds to morelegtb of leaf; leaves oblong-
            flncoolte
            6.OBordr ofluentofth  cota tpe; pexsor-aoolioto..
                                                          F. blyodo.
            6. Btorder endfing heowo apex
                7. Leavt grdualy tpedrgt     to   ctt ap;dfoafoaina
                   reahhng stem0, ot deuottotl              .            F. repaodus
                 7.Laeitb sboteor, obtuse tpex, dorsal 1aminae reachinlg
                     stemoedhtg ahove........................  F. tvrfodulus
   3. Bordercofined tovaginattlamna oet    msonlyfonperihaotaltleave)
      4. Cells  thymootmagfns entteor erys
         3. Costo edingseveral cell bedow apex; tpox obtus...o . F. obtusfolfius
         5. Cota  erret F or erys
            6. IBorder largdly fnttraghtl                      F. otronoolt
            6. Border toarginal, oo perichaotfal leave only     F.  fotguuo
      4. Collstpapillos; martgins finelo toothed
         5. Cells unfpapillio; marogio evenly and fineoy tootbod alt aountdF.ee
                      5. ~ ~     ~      ~       ~     ~     F Cetowto2svraoapla
           6. Ciotalin -       vra cells beowaexpntiertoia                          eae
               hbordered __                     __________                       F.   garberd
            6. CR6,a percrrtlR; periobtatti  anod  upper leaves biordered
                                                          F. ravenelif
2. Loote not hbordered by elontga~te hylito cdlls
   3. Apil torg!n ooarsely andirregularly toothed
      4. Cotedn       3-4 oel bdlow apex, covered by hulging cdlls above.
                                                        F. ouhbasilaist

        4. Cothdhruretoho       fo  oooh4o       hdd    opo    of
            odlis 7-9 ...-- ................................F. ocristatus
         5. Leaf hordorod paler celli obseot  odititnct; upper leaf coel
            13-16  ---------------  .. __.._.. -------- - F.  adiano thoidest
   3. Apcl mrginsotf  rorhtfey andoelfytothdhy prtocg cellagles
      4. Maoogint entir oerl of
         3. Plants large, 2-53 m  spyoophyto lateral .    F. pofypodoides
         3. Fliots smaltl, 1.5-5 IRm sptorophyte terminli; cells peli..-._
                                                        F. peluciOd,,
      4. Marogios finely toothed
         5. Cells papftloseor bulging
            6. Cells wtone large, blut papoilla; apex grdutlytperhng
                                                         F. onlliid
            6. Cdls prominently bulging; apex ohruptly costrictd.... F. rodicons
         5. Cells smooth
            6. Cot    way, 00010 01 int a short tip; sporophyte latoltaxfoiu

            6. Costao slightli corted, percrret; toophyto teltrinal F. botlh


2                                0100060       OF FLORIDA


      4. Collt of taginant lainaet large, ospecitfly aong co000 ._ T. kegeloanus
      4. Celisoftoaioot lothnaetot largor
         5. Vaoginant laminae half tho length of hoaf, dorsal laminaeoreahiog

             6. Leavot ovate-lnotep, ap00 obtuse, border etnditng 6-12 ce11s
                below apex, mar0gin eontirto.-_---_..      .F----------. pooflus
            6. Leaveolatolafte,tapextoct,horderofluent withocostaat
               leaf   pex . .----.---- . .    ..----------------F.  mintulus
         3. Vaginant laintwo-thirds or mo0re lengtb of leof; leovot oblong-

             6. Bordero confuentowith costa ttoape; apex hotooolollol
                                                          F. bryoidfes
            6. Border ondfng hdlowoope
                7. Letves gradutlly taperfog to to acute apex; dorstf flamioao
                   reaching stem, often docurtt        . F. repandus~
                7. Loote oth shttoter, obtoso apex0, dorsal ltmifat reaching
                      st  o e dfng  thove ..............-------.F.  Ofrd ufllO
   3. Bordr onfine~dotgitffl mint f ometomestony onperihtialleaves)
      4. Cells sooth; mrginstir ornerl0 s
         3. Costa oodfogseveral celOs below 0p00; apoo s -..o....F. obtosifohous
         F. Costaopoottoret orerys
            6. Border lorgdl ttoooooooofotf. . .-----------F. andonhtoo
            6. Border mrinal, on perichtial leaotoonl 00   F. exfguus
      4. Cells papflose; mrgins~ findy ttothed
         5. Cellsipaof ose1; maoogto evoofy tnd fiodly toothod off aounod....
                                                            F. reost
         5. (elfs oth 2-totooott papillae
            6. Costaoondfngosveraocedhhdowopo; olyperohaodtfal eave
               bord r d-------ototi    .........--------- -  ._ ...F.  gotrhoof
            6. Cot pOrcurrt; perdohotol tod     upper liotoot bordered
                                                          F. raveoefff
2. ILettostoot hordetod by elongate hyalfno cedls
   3. Apical marogRioarsely ond irregolarly toothed
      4. Cotao ending 3-4 cellt below apex, tootooed by bolgfog cellsobove..-o
                                                        F. sohbbasflori
      4. Cotatopoocurret
         3, Leavs thh dftOnctborderof palercellh3-4clsowd;fulpe f
            cellPs7-                                            .          ... F. rtatuoo
         5. foof horltr of paler clio bsoot tor indfstnct; upper leaf celot
               .3 1   _......... _._.-.. _ . ..._....._. .F . adffoothoodot
   3. Apica arginfs entireorfinelyandevenly toothedhbypojecting celloagles
      4. Marogiostir or narloy so
         3. Ploots laoge, 2-5 cm; sorophyto lateral . .-- --F. polpodfofdet
         3. Planotssal, 1.5-3 tmm; sporophyte terinal; cells pdlludd.
                                                        F, poflluotdus
      4. MarginfinelOy tootbed
         5. Cels papfllose or holging
            6. Celfs oih 00e larg, bIRDt papilla; 0p00 grodualfytaperiog....
                                                         F. onne0lffi
            6. Coff, pominenly bulgfng; tooo obroptlyonstricted _1. otoffotot
         3. (offs smo00th
            6. Costo wavy, 000011001 int a short tip; spp0hte fototalt.......
                                                        F. taoffoffut
            6. Coota slhghtly crved, percurrent; soophoyto tormintI. F, halfii


   4. Cefls of vagtnat lainae~ larger, especially aoogcosto... F. kogolionos
   4. Collsofoagioaot laienotof laoo rtger
       5. Vagfoot lamifaeohaff theolongthlofotaf, dorsatl laminaeteaohig
         stem0, toooooionalyodcourtoot
         6. Lotvos ovate-lancoloate, 0000 obtuse, hooder- oonding 6-12 cdlis
            heo oop0e0, margifn ootioo                                    F. pusifllut
         6. Leaveslanoltt,tpex acute,hbordeonf~lentowithcosttoat
            letf tpeoo..................._..._..... ---_._.miuls
      3. Vatntotlamtino 010-thiods tor 10010 lotngth of fetf; foovo, oblong-
          taot
          6.Roderoconfuetowihotat pex; apexoshort-taouminat...
                                                       F hopocidos
         6. Borderoendinghdeow tftoo
             7. Lottot gradually tapringtooanoacteapex; dorsafltlamina
                ooachiog temo, oftoo dooorreot ...... ........F. rpantdofb
             7. Loavesoth s1hortot, ohbtuseo apex, dota ofmna reacoooohng
                  teor eodiog thove                            F. oiidutohs
3. Bordeonfineodoovginant ltmfna(ometomeony onoporichaoottl les
   4. Collt totooth; tootynsfot oetor erys
      5. Cotta oendingooo ooerlcelslow ooxopo pexpoootso  F. obtotifohots
      5. Costapotoorret oroooaolytso
         6. Rotdoo fotgdly ittooooogool                   F. onolioonoO
         6. Rotdot mroginal, on perdchootal feaoos only. .F. oxifuoo
   4. Coels papilloso; totogiot fnoly toothod
      3. Coll, onfpopiloso; totogio ovonly tod finolo toothod all aouod....
                                                         F. reotoi
      6. Cellstwith 2 ootototlppilla
         6. Cot edogtoevootl cdlhdoeowtp; oly pd ihotlooavos
            htb o er d _ _ ........-----  .................  ..F.  gooboof
         6. Cota potoottoot; potfohootal tod 00001 leatos hordered
                                                       F. orovooef i
Lotve n0ot hoodotod by olongoto hoalioo c031s
3. Apiooltoargin oarseoloyondforregolatlytothd
   4. Coto oodiog 3-4 cells hbow apex, coveotod by holgiog eoO, abovet ....
                                                     F. tobbastloris
   4. Costo potogrrtoo
      5. Leovsooth distncthboderof palercldh3-4ocllswd;pperoleaf
         odlis 7-9    p   ...---     ----    --        -----------       .F.   crd taotut
      5. Lofhbodorof palerodllsohboot oor ditont;ouperleafodelli
         13ff6  0,- - . _ _ - - -- .. ........... .. _ -F.  adifonthoidoo
3. Apicaltmaogdnsoetirooofinely aodoevenlytoothtfhy prfoetiogollaoglos
   4. Mafogiostir orooootoytso
      3. Platt foogo, 2- 3cot; spoophyto lood.al   F. polypodfoides
      3. Plants stotll, 1.5-5 to; sooopbte terinalo; oells poelluoid...-
                                                     F. polluoidot
   4. Margitot fioofy toothed
      3. Colt, papilloso tor holging
         6. Collt twith tone laogo, bloot papilta; apoex grodotlfy toporiog .
                                                      F. dottooftii
         6. Coels pomtinenly hulgiog; apexoobrtolytonotrteood F. oodtootto
      3. Cells ttoooth
         6. Ctota wavy, excurrent ton ahot tip; tporophyto Itttra..-.
                                                     F. tooffoito
         6. Coota sightly oorood, pooouttont;porophyto tooioal F hallio




    FIS SIDENTA CEA E
  Fissidens debilis Schwaegr.
Fissidens julianus (Mont.) Schimp.


PLATE 1


    FIS SIDENTACE A E

  Fissidens debilis Schwaegr.
Fissidens julianus (Mont.) Schimp.


PLATE 1


    FIS SIDENTACEAE

  Fissidens debilis Schwaegr.
Fissidens julianus (Mont.) Schimp.


PLATE 1


Plants aquatic, attached at base to rocks or debris, floating above,
slender, up to about 15 cm long, occasionally or regularly branching,
flaccid. Leaves distant, spreading, very long and narrow, tapering to a
blunt apex; margins entire; costa ending some distance below apex; vag-
inant lamina about one-third length of leaf, the 2 sides approximately
equal; dorsal lamina usually ending above insertion; leaf cells hexagonal,
larger near costa, smaller at margin; perichaetial leaves about the same
length as the seta and capsule. Monoicous. Capsules lateral, erect and
symmetric; setae shorter than capsules; operculum conic, beaked, as long
as urn; peristome teeth yellowish, short, divided above, truncate. Spores
yellow, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: Attached to limestone or debris in streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Dixie, Gadsden, Hills-
borough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Pasco, Seminole,
Taylor, Volusia Counties.

        Fissidens manateensis Grout ex Holz. PLATE 1
  Closely resembles F. debilis, and difficult to distinguish from it when
sterile. Leaves smaller and narrower, the dorsal lamina more apt to reach
the insertion; perichaetial leaves longer than seta and capsule; capsule
terminal at end of main branch, the seta longer than the capsule; peristome
teeth (most significant difference) long, slender, perforate, diagonally
ridged above, papillose below. Spores 16-20 p.
HABITAT: Attached to limestone or debris in streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Columbia, Franklin, Jef-
ferson, Lee, Leon, Manatee, Polk, Seminole, Suwannee,Wakulla Counties.

           Fissidens kegelianus C. M. PLATE 2
  Plants small, 2-5 mm high, in loose tufts. Leaves 3-6, sometimes 8
pairs, lanceolate-acuminate; hyaline border reaching almost to or con-
fluent with the costa at the apex; apex toothed to entire; costa subpercur-
rent to short-excurrent; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf;
cells of vaginant lamina near costa lax, pellucid, 2-3 times as large as the
other cells, elongated, conspicuous; dorsal lamina ending at or above
insertion. Dioicous. Antheridial plants small, bud-like. Capsules terminal,
erect and symmectric or nearly so, with a distinct neck; setae yellowish,
erect or bent abruptly; operculum conic, with a long beak; peristome teeth
dark red, linear, deeply cleft, with more or less spiral bands above, papil-
lose below. Spores smooth, 10-15 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soil.


Plants aquatic, attached at base to rocks or debris, floating above,
slender, up to about 15 cm long, occasionally or regularly branching,
flaccid. Leaves distant, spreading, very long and narrow, tapering to a
blunt apex; margins entire; costa ending some distance below apex; vag-
inant lamina about one-third length of leaf, the 2 sides approximately
equal; dorsal lamina usually ending above insertion; leaf cells hexagonal,
larger near costa, smaller at margin; perichaetial leaves about the same
length as the seta and capsule. Monoicous. Capsules lateral, erect and
symmetric; setae shorter than capsules; operculum conic, beaked, as long
as urn; peristome teeth yellowish, short, divided above, truncate. Spores
yellow, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: Attached to limestone or debris in streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Dixie, Gadsden, Hills-
borough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Pasco, Seminole,
Taylor, Volusia Counties.

        Fissidens manateensis Grout ex Holz. PLATE 1
  Closely resembles F. debilis, and difficult to distinguish from it when
sterile. Leaves smaller and narrower, the dorsal lamina more apt to reach
the insertion; perichaetial leaves longer than seta and capsule; capsule
terminal at end of main branch, the seta longer than the capsule; peristome
teeth (most significant difference) long, slender, perforate, diagonally
ridged above, papillose below. Spores 16-20 p.
HABITAT: Attached to limestone or debris in streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Columbia, Franklin, Jef-
ferson, Lee, Leon, Manatee, Polk, Seminole, Suwannee, Wakulla Counties.

           Fissidens kegelianus C. M. PLATE 2
  Plants small, 2-5 mm high, in loose tufts. Leaves 3-6, sometimes 8
pairs, lanceolate-acuminate; hyaline border reaching almost to or con-
fluent with the costa at the apex; apex toothed to entire; costa subpercur-
rent to short-excurrent; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf;
cells of vaginant lamina near costa lax, pellucid, 2-3 times as large as the
other cells, elongated, conspicuous; dorsal lamina ending at or above
insertion. Dioicous. Antheridial plants small, bud-like. Capsules terminal,
erect and symmetric or nearly so, with a distinct neck; setae yellowish,
erect or bent abruptly; operculum conic, with a long beak; peristome teeth
dark red, linear, deeply cleft, with more or less spiral bands above, papil-
lose below. Spores smooth, 10-15 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soil.


Plants aquatic, attached at base to rocks or debris, floating above,
slender, up to about 15 cm long, occasionally or regularly branching,
flaccid. Leaves distant, spreading, very long and narrow, tapering to a
blunt apex; margins entire; costa ending some distance below apex; vag-
inant lamina about one-third length of leaf, the 2 sides approximately
equal; dorsal lamina usually ending above insertion; leaf cells hexagonal,
larger near costa, smaller at margin; perichaetial leaves about the same
length as the seta and capsule. Monoicous. Capsules lateral, erect and
symmetric; setae shorter than capsules; operculum conic, beaked, as long
as urn; peristome teeth yellowish, short, divided above, truncate. Spores
yellow, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: Attached to limestone or debris in streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Dixie, Gadsden, Hills-
borough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Pasco, Seminole,
Taylor, Volusia Counties.

        Fissidens manateensis Grout ex Holz. PLATE 1
  Closely resembles F. debilis, and difficult to distinguish from it when
sterile. Leaves smaller and narrower, the dorsal lamina more apt to reach
the insertion; perichaetial leaves longer than seta and capsule; capsule
terminal at end of main branch, the seta longer than the capsule; peristome
teeth (most significant difference) long, slender, perforate, diagonally
ridged above, papillose below. Spores 16-20 p.
HABITAT: Attached to limestone or debris in streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Columbia, Franklin, Jef-
ferson, Lee, Leon, Manatee, Polk, Seminole, Suwannee,Vakulla Counties.

           Fissidens kegelianus C. M. PLATE 2
  Plants small, 2-5 mm high, in loose tufts. Leaves 3-6, sometimes 8
pairs, lanceolate-acuminate; hyaline border reaching almost to or con-
fluent with the costa at the apex; apex toothed to entire; costa subpercur-
rent to short-excurrent; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf;
cells of vaginant lamina near costa lax, pellucid, 2-3 times as large as the
other cells, elongated, conspicuous; dorsal lamina ending at or above
insertion. Dioicous. Antheridial plants small, bud-like. Capsules terminal,
erect and symmetric or nearly so, with a distinct neck; setae yellowish,
erect or bent abruptly; operculum conic, with a long beak; peristome teeth
dark red, linear, deeply cleft, with more or less spiral bands above, papil-
lose below. Spores smooth, 10-15 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soil.



4            MOSSES OF FLORIDA
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America; Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia.
  Florida: Citrus, Dade, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Monroe, Polk, Sumter
Counties.
         Fissidens pusillus Wils. in Milde PLATE 3
  Plants small, 3-8 m high; stems reddish, older stems becoming pro-
cumbent and branching. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to ligulate, apex obtuse,
margin entire; hyaline border ending 6-12 or more cells from apex; costa
flexuous, strong, ending a few cells below apex or percurrent; vaginant
lamina about half the length of leaf, the sides unequal; dorsal lamina
narrowed to insertion, occasionally decurrent; cells irregularly polygonal,
uniform throughout except for a row of larger cells along the costa.
IIABtTAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Gadsden, Jefferson Counties.


Fissidens minutulus Sull.


PLATE 3


  Plants very small, 2-4 mm high; stems dark red. Leaves 3-8 pairs, small
and indistinctly bordered below, the upper leaves lanceolate, sharp-pointed,
often curved, finely toothed at apex; hyaline border usually ending a few
cells below apex; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about half
the length of the leaf, the sides unequal, cells not conspicuously enlarged;
dorsal lamina ending above or tapering to insertion. Dioicous. Capsules
erect or slightly inclined, terminal.
IABITAT: Limestone or soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Leon, Levy, Sumter, Washington Counties.


4            MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America; Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia.
  Florida: Citrus, Dade, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Monroe, Polk, Sumter
Counties.
          Fissidens pusillus Wils. in Milde PLATE 3
  Plants small, 3-8 mm high; stems reddish, older stems becoming pro-
cumbent and branching. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to ligulate, apex obtuse,
margin entire; hyaline border ending 6-12 or more cells from apex; costa
flexuous, strong, ending a few cells below apex or percurrent; vaginant
lamina about half the length of leaf, the sides unequal; dorsal lamina
narrowed to insertion, occasionally decurrent; cells irregularly polygonal,
uniform throughout except for a row of larger cells along the costa.
  HAB1TAT: On limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Gadsden, Jefferson Counties.

            Fissidens minutulus Sull. PLATE 3
  Plants very small, 2-4 mm high; stems dark red. Leaves 3-8 pairs, small
and indistinctly bordered below, the upper leaves lanceolate, sharp-pointed,
often curved, finely toothed at apex; hyaline border usually ending a few
cells below apex; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about half
the length of the leaf, the sides unequal, cells not conspicuously enlarged;
dorsal lamina ending above or tapering to insertion. Dioicous. Capsules
erect or slightly inclined, terminal.
  HABrTAT: Limestone or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Leon, Levy, Sumter, Washington Counties.

           Fissidens bryoides Hedw. PLATE 3
 Plants tufted, often densely so, dark glaucous green, 5-10 mm tall.
 Leaves crowded, up to 20 or more pairs, oblong-lanceolate to ligulate;
 border of elongate hyaline cells merging with the shortly excurrent costa;
 apex short-acuminate; margin entire or finely toothed at apex; vaginant
 lamina about two-thirds the length of the leaf, the sides usually equal;
 dorsal lamina reaching insertion or slightly decurrent; leaf cells irregularly
 hexagonal, smooth or slightly bulging. Leaves on sterile and immature
stems sometimes slightly curved.
HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soils. (At Boulware Spring,
in Alachua County, it grows submerged, mixed with Cyclodictyon varians
and Callicostella pallida.)
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Seminole Counties.


4            MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America; Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia.
  Florida: Citrus, Dade, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Monroe, Polk, Sumter
Counties.
          Fissidens pusillus Wils. in Milde PLATE 3
  Plants small, 3-8 mm high; stems reddish, older stems becoming pro-
cumbent and branching. Leaves ovate- lanceolate to ligulate, apex obtuse,
margin entire; hyaline border ending 6-12 or more cells from apex; costa
flexuous, strong, ending a few cells below apex or percurrent; vaginant
lamina about half the length of leaf, the sides unequal; dorsal lamina
narrowed to insertion, occasionally decurrent; cells irregularly polygonal,
uniform throughout except for a row of larger cells along the costa.
  HABITAT: On limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Gadsden, Jefferson Counties.

            Fissidens minutulus Sull. PLATE 3
  Plants very small, 2-4 mm high; stems dark red. Leaves 3-8 pairs, small
and indistinctly bordered below, the upper leaves lanceolate, sharp-pointed,
often curved, finely toothed at apex; hyaline border usually ending a few
cells below apex; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about half
the length of the leaf, the sides unequal, cells not conspicuously enlarged;
dorsal lamina ending above or tapering to insertion. Dioicous. Capsules
erect or slightly inclined, terminal.
  HABITAT: Limestone or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Leon, Levy, Sumter, Washington Counties.

           Fissidens bryoides Hedw. PLATE 3
 Plants tufted, often densely so, dark glaucous green, 5-10 mm     tall.
 Leaves crowded, up to 20 or more pairs, oblong-lanceolate to ligulate;
 border of elongate hyaline cells merging with the shortly excurrent costa;
 apex short-acuminate; margin entire or finely toothed at apex; vaginant
 lamina about two-thirds the length of the leaf, the sides usually equal;
 dorsal lamina reaching insertion or slightly decurrent; leaf cells irregularly
hexagonal, smooth or slightly bulging. Leaves on sterile and immature
stems sometimes slightly curved.
  HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soils. (At Boulware Spring,
in Alachua County, it grows submerged, mixed with Cyclodictyon varians
and Callicostella pallida.)
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Seminole Counties.


Fissidens bryoides Hedw.


PLATE 3


Plants tufted, often densely so, dark glaucous green, 5-10 mm tall.
Leaves crowded, up to 20 or more pairs, oblong-lanceolate to ligulate;
border of elongate hyaline cells merging with the shortly excurrent costa;
apex short-acuminate; margin entire or finely toothed at apex; vaginant
lamina about two-thirds the length of the leaf, the sides usually equal;
dorsal lamina reaching insertion or slightly decurrent; leaf cells irregularly
hexagonal, smooth or slightly bulging. Leaves on sterile and immature
stems sometimes slightly curved.
HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soils. (At Boulware Spring,
in Alachua County, it grows submerged, mixed with Cyclodictyon varians
and Callicostella pallida.)
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Seminole Counties.



   FISSIDENTACEAE

 Fissidens repandus Wilts.
Fissidens tortilis Hampe & C. Mt.


    5
PLATE 4


   FISSIDENTACEAE

 Fissidens repandus Wilts.
Fissidens tortilis Hampe & C. M.


PLATE 4


   FISSIDENTACEAE

 Fissidens repandus Wilts.
Fissidens tortilis Hampe & C. M.


    5
PLATE 4


Plants small, yellowish-green, crisped when dry. Leaves up to 15 pairs,
crowded above, oblong-lanceolate, margin finely toothed at acute apex;
costa percurrent or occasionally shortly excurrent; hyaline border ending
4-6 cells below apex or merging with the costa; vaginant lamina two-thirds
or more the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina narrow in lower half of leaf,
reaching the stem, and often decurrent; upper leaf cells irregularly hexag-
onal, bulging. Dioicous. Antheridial plants small, bud-like.
  HABITAT: On limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America; coastal plain of the United States.
  Florida: Citrus, Jackson Counties.
  The specimen from Marianna Caverns State Park, Jackson County, was
growing in total darkness inside the main cave, mixed with depauperate
Thuidium minutulum.

    Fissidens viridulus (Web. & Mohr) Wahlenb.          PLATE 3
  Closely resembling F. bryoides, but somewhat small (3-6 mto high).
Leaves 5-12 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, apex broader, obtuse to acute; hya-
line border ending below apex, sometimes not extending much above the
vaginant lamina; margin finely toothed at apex and some distance down
the leaf; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina two-thirds the
length of the leaf, the sides equal except on the perichaetial leaves; dorsal
lamina narrowing to insertion or ending above.
  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty,
Madison, Seminole, Washington Counties.

    Fissidens viridulus var. texanus (Lesq.) Grout PLATE 3
  Leaves narrower, more gradually and slenderly tapering; border ending
considerably below apex and often absent on dorsal lamina; sides of vagi-
nant lamina unequal.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee,
Polk, Washington Counties.


Plants small, yellowish-green, crisped when dry. Leaves up to 15 pairs,
crowded above, oblong-lanceolate, margin finely toothed at acute apex;
costa percurrent or occasionally shortly excurrent; hyaline border ending
4-6 cells below apex or merging with the costa; vaginant lamina two-thirds
or more the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina narrow in lower half of leaf,
reaching the stem, and often decurrent; upper leaf cells irregularly hexag-
onal, bulging. Dioicous. Antheridial plants small, bud-like.
  HABITAT: On limestone.
  DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America; coastal plain of the United States.
  Florida: Citrus, Jackson Counties.
  The specimen from Marianna Caverns State Park, Jackson County, was
growing in total darkness inside the main cave, mixed with depauperate
Thuidium minutulum.

    Fissidens viridulus (Web. & Mohr) Wahlenb.           PLATE 3
  Closely resembling F. bryoides, but somewhat small (3-6 mm high).
Leaves 5-12 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, apex broader, obtuse to acute; hya-
line border ending below apex, sometimes not extending much above the
vaginant lamina; margin finely toothed at apex and some distance down
the leaf; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina two-thirds the
length of the leaf, the sides equal except on the perichactial leaves; dorsal
lamina narrowing to insertion or ending above.
  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty,
Madison, Seminole, Washington Counties.

    Fissidens viridulus var. texanus (Lesq.) Grout       PLATE 3
  Leaves narrower, more gradually and slenderly tapering; border ending
considerably below apex and often absent on dorsal lamina; sides of vagi-
nant lamina unequal.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee,
Polk, Washington Counties.

           Fissidens obtusifolius Wilts. PLATE 5
  Plants small, 1-3 mm high, stems simple or occasionally branched.
Leaves 4-8 pairs, occasionally more, the lower smaller and distant, upper
larger and crowded, oblong-lingulate, apex rounded or obtuse, margins
entire; costa ending several cells below apex; vaginant lamina one-half to


Plants small, yellowish-green, crisped when dry. Leaves up to 15 pairs,
crowded above, oblong-lanceolate, margin finely toothed at acute apex;
costa percurrent or occasionally shortly excurrent; hyaline border ending
4-6 cells below apex or merging with the costa; vaginant lamina two-thirds
or more the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina narrow in lower half of leaf,
reaching the stem, and often decurrent; upper leaf cells irregularly hexag-
onal, bulging. Dioicous. Antheridial plants small, bud-like.
  HABITAT: On limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America; coastal plain of the United States.
  Florida: Citrus, Jackson Counties.
  The specimen from Marianna Caverns State Park, Jackson County, was
growing in total darkness inside the main cave, mixed with depauperate
Thuidium minutulum.

    Fissidens viridulus (Web. & Mohr) Wahlenb.           PLATE 3
  Closely resembling F. bryoides, but somewhat small (3-6 mm high).
Leaves 5-12 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, apex broader, obtuse to acute; hya-
line border ending below apex, sometimes not extending much above the
vaginant lamina; margin finely toothed at apex and some distance down
the leaf; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina two-thirds the
length of the leaf, the sides equal except on the perichaetial leaves; dorsal
lamina narrowing to insertion or ending above.
  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty,
Madison, Seminole, Washington Counties.

    Fissidens viridulus var. texanus (Lesq.) Grout       PLATE 3
  Leaves narrower, more gradually and slenderly tapering; border ending
considerably below apex and often absent on dorsal lamina; sides of vagi-
nant lamina unequal.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee,
Polk, Washington Counties.

           Fissidens obtusifolius Wilts. PLATE 5
  Plants small, 1-3 mm   high, stems simple or occasionally branched.
Leaves 4-8 pairs, occasionally more, the lower smaller and distant, upper
larger and crowded, oblong-lingulate, apex rounded or obtuse, margins
entire; costa ending several cells below apex; vaginant lamina one-half to


Fissidens obtusifolius Wilts.


PLATE 5


Plants small, 1-3 mm high, stems simple or occasionally branched.
Leaves 4-8 pairs, occasionally more, the lower smaller and distant, upper
larger and crowded, oblong-lingulate, apex rounded or obtuse, margins
entire; costa ending several cells below apex; vaginant lamina one-half to



6            MOSSES OF FLORIDA
two-thirds the length of the leaf, the sides unequal; dorsal lamina nar-
rowing to base; perichaetial leaves with inconspicuous border confned to
vaginant lamina, often only along basal part; upper leaf cells irregularly
hexagonal, somewhat larger along the costa, smooth. Dioicous. Sporophyte
terminal, erect, symmetric.
HABITAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jefferson, Leon, Taylor Counties.


6


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


6


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


two-thirds the length of the leaf, the sides unequal; dorsal lamina nar-
rowing to base; perichaetial leaves with inconspicuous border confined to
vaginant lamina, often only along basal part; upper leaf cells irregularly
hexagonal, somewhat larger along the costa, smooth. Dioicous. Sporophyte
terminal, erect, symmetric.
HABtTAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jefferson, Leon, Taylor Counties.


two-thirds the length of the leaf, the sides unequal; dorsal lamina nar-
rowing to base; perichaetial leaves with inconspicuous border confined to
vaginant lamina, often only along basal part; upper leaf cells irregularly
hexagonal, somewhat larger along the costa, smooth. Dioicous. Sporophyte
terminal, erect, symmetric.
HABITAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jefferson, Leon, Taylor Counties.


Fissidens andersonii Grout


PLATE 6


Fissidens andersonii Grout


PLATE 6


Fissidens andersonii Grout


PLATE 6


Plants small, 4-6 mm high; up to 8 pairs of leaves. Leaves widely
spaced, the lower pairs small, upper much larger, crisped and contorted
when dry, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, margins entire or nearly so; costa
ending 2-3 cells below apex or percurrent; vaginant lamina half the length
of the leaf, bordered in fertile plants by 1-3 rows of elongated hyaline
cells, becoming intramarginal toward base, with 1-3 rows of small, green,
quadrate or short-rectangular cells between the hyaline cells and the mar-
gin; dorsal lamina reaching base in most leaves; leaf cells hexagonal,
smooth to bulging, somewhat elongated at the base. Perichaetia terminal.
Mature sporophytes not seen.
HABITAT: On calcareous soil.
DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina.
Florida: Liberty County (Alum Bluff, in ravine, growing with Syrrho-
podon prolifer).

            Fissidens exiguus Sull.
 Plants minute, 1-2 mm high. Leaves 3-6 pairs, the lower much reduced.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, margin entire or irregularly finely
toothed near apex; costa flexuous, percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina
one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf, sides unequal; dorsal lamina
narrowing at base, reaching the stem or ending short distance above in-
sertion; border of elongated hyaline cells usually confined to vaginant
lamina of perichaetial leaves; upper leaf cells irregularly hexagonal,
smooth.
  HABITAT: On roots or decaying wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Seminole Counties.


    Fissidens exiguus var. falcatulus (R. & C.) Grout    PLATE 6
  Leaves curved in one direction when dry, curved outward when moist;
vaginant lamina of all leaves bordered in upper part, border extending
several cells beyond the vaginant lamina; dorsal lamina ending some dis-
tance above base.


Plants small, 4-6 mm high; up to 8 pairs of leaves. Leaves widely
spaced, the lower pairs small, upper much larger, crisped and contorted
when dry, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, margins entire or nearly so; costa
ending 2-3 cells below apex or percurrent; vaginant lamina half the length
of the leaf, bordered in fertile plants by 1-3 rows of elongated hyaline
cells, becoming intramarginal toward base, with 1-3 rows of small, green,
quadrate or short-rectangular cells between the hyaline cells and the mar-
gin; dorsal lamina reaching base in most leaves; leaf cells hexagonal,
smooth to bulging, somewhat elongated at the base. Perichaetia terminal.
Mature sporophytes not seen.
HABITAT: On calcareous soil.
DISTRIEUTION: South Carolina.
Florida: Liberty County (Alum Bluff, in ravine, growing with Syrrho-
podon prolifer).

            Fissidens exiguus Soll.
 Plants minute, 1-2 mm high. Leaves 3-6 pairs, the lower much reduced.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, margin entire or irregularly fincl
toothed near apex; costa flexuous, percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina
one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf, sides unequal; dorsal lamina
narrowing at base, reaching the stem or ending short distance above in-
sertion; border of elongated hyaline cells usually confined to vaginant
lamina of perichaetial leaves; upper leaf cells irregularly hexagonal,
smooth.
  HABITAT: On roots or decaying wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Seminole Counties.


    Fissidens exiguus var. falcatulus (R. & C.) Grout    PLATE 6
  Leaves curved in one direction when dry, curved outward when moist;
vaginant lamina of all leaves bordered in upper part, border extending
several cells beyond the vaginant lamina; dorsal lamina ending some dis-
tance above base.


Plants small, 4-6 mm high; up to 8 pairs of leaves. Leaves widely
spaced, the lower pairs small, upper much larger, crisped and contorted
when dry, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, margins entire or nearly so; costa
ending 2-3 cells below apex or percurrent; vaginant lamina half the length
of the leaf, bordered in fertile plants by 1-3 rows of elongated hyaline
cells, becoming intramarginal toward base, with 1-3 rows of small, green,
quadrate or short-rectangular cells between the hyaline cells and the mar-
gin; dorsal lamina reaching base in most leaves; leaf cells hexagonal,
smooth to bulging, somewhat elongated at the base. Perichaetia terminal.
Mature sporophytes not seen.
HABITAT: On calcareous soil.
DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina.
Florida: Liberty County (Alum Bluff, in ravine, growing with Syrrho-
podon prolifer).

            Fissidens exiguus Soll.
 Plants minute, 1-2 mm high. Leaves 3-6 pairs, the lower much reduced.
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, margin entire or irregularly finely
 toothed near apex; costa flexuous, percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina
 one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf, sides unequal; dorsal lamina
 narrowing at base, reaching the stem or ending short distance above in-
 sertion; border of elongated byaline cells usually confined to vaginant
 lamina of perichaetial leaves; upper leaf cells irregularly hexagonal,
 smooth.
 HABITAT: On roots or decaying wood.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Seminole Counties.


    Fissidens exiguus var. falcatulus (R. & C.) Grout    PLATE 6
  Leaves curved in one direction when dry, curved outward when moist;
vaginant lamina of all leaves bordered in upper part, border extending
several cells beyond the vaginant lamina; dorsal lamina ending some dis-
tance above base.



              FIS SIDENTACE AE        7
  Resembles F. viridulus var. texanus; often hard to distinguish between
the two.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Seminole Countics.

         Fissidens reesei Crum & Anderson PLATE 7
 Plants small, 5-7 mm high, usually unbranched. Leaves 10-18 pairs,
 basal leaves small, upper leaves larger; leaves obovate, apex broadly acute
 or obtuse, margin finely and evenly toothed; costa ending 2-4 cells below
 apex; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf, bordered half (or
 more) its length by 3-5 rows of hyaline cells, the border becoming
 1-cell wide above; dorsal lamina tapering to stem, often abruptly con-
 stricted just above base; leaf cells unipapillose on both surfaces. Autoicous.
 Perigonia bud-like, in axils of most leaves, conspicuous. Sporophyte
 terminal; calyptra hood-shaped, small; capsule erect or slightly inclined,
 symmetric; operculum long conic-beaked; stomata in base of capsule wall
 prominent. Spores smooth, greenish, about 16 o.
 HABITAT: Bases of trees (Taxodium).
 DISTRIBUTION: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama.
 Florida: Glades, Polk Counties.

          Fissidens garberi Lesq. & James PLATE 5
 Plants small, 2-4 mm high, unbranched; 4-8 pairs of leaves. Leaves
 oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, margins finely toothed; costa pellu-
 cid, curved at upper end of vaginant lamina, ending several cells below
 apex; vaginant lamina one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf; border
 of elongated hyaline cells several cells wide, restricted to lower part of
vaginant lamina of the uppermost pair of leaves (perichaetial); dorsal
lamina broad, truncate at base; leaf cells small, with 2-4 papillae. Autoi-
cous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric; cells of upper capsule wall
regular, almost square, thickened in the corners. Hyaline border on vagi-
nant lamina of perichatial leaves often obscure.
HABITAT: On roots, rotten wood, limestone.
DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Bermuda, Mexico, Central America,
South America, Cocos Island; Louisiana, Wisconsin.
Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Gads-
den, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Palm Beach,
Polk, St. Lucie, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

            Fissidens raveneli Sull PLATE 5
 Plants small, 2-4 tom high, unbranched; 2-10 pairs leaves. Leaves nar-
rowly oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, margin finely toothed; costa percur-


              FIS SIDENTA CE AE       /
  Resembles F. viridulus var. texanus; often hard to distinguish between
the two.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Seminole Counties.

         Fissidens reesei Crum & Anderson PLATE 7
 Plants small, 5-7 mm high, usually unbranched. Leaves 10-18 pairs,
 basal leaves small, upper leaves larger; leaves obovate, apex broadly acute
 or obtuse, margin finely and evenly toothed; costa ending 2-4 cells below
 apex; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf, bordered half (or
 more) its length by 3-5 rows of hyaline cells, the border becoming
 1-cell wide above; dorsal lamina tapering to stem, often abruptly con-
 stricted just above base; leaf cells unipapillose on both surfaces. Autoicous.
Perigonia bud-like, in axils of most leaves, conspicuous. Sporophyte
terminal; calyptra hood-shaped, small; capsule erect or slightly inclined,
symmetric; operculum long conic-beaked; stomata in base of capsule wall
prominent. Spores smooth, greenish, about 16 p.
  HABITAT: Bases of trees (Taxodium).
  DISTRIBUTION: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama.
  Florida: Glades, Polk Counties.

          Fissidens garberi Lesq. & James PLATE 5
 Plants small, 2-4 mm high, unbranched; 4-8 pairs of leaves. Leaves
 oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, margins finely toothed; costa pellu-
 cid, curved at upper end of vaginant lamina, ending several cells below
 apex; vaginant lamina one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf; border
 of elongated hyaline cells several cells wide, restricted to lower part of
vaginant lamina of the uppermost pair of leaves (perichaetial); dorsal
lamina broad, truncate at base; leaf cells small, with 2-4 papillae. Autoi-
cous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric; cells of upper capsule wall
regular, almost square, thickened in the corners. Hyaline border on vagi-
nant lamina of perichaetial leaves often obscure.
HABITAT: On roots, rotten wood, limestone.
DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Bermuda, Mexico, Central America,
South America, Cocos Island; Louisiana, Wisconsin.
Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Gads-
den, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Palm Beach,
Polk, St. Lucie, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

            Fissidens ravenelWi Sull. PLATE 5
 Plants small, 2-4 mm high, unbranched; 2-10 pairs leaves. Leaves nar-
rowly oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, margin finely toothed; costa percur-


              FIS SIDENTACE AE        7
  Resembles F. viridulus var. texanus; often hard to distinguish between
the two.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Seminole Counties.

         Fissidens reesei Crum & Anderson PLATE 7
 Plants small, 5-7 mm high, usually unbranched. Leaves 10-18 pairs,
 basal leaves small, upper leaves larger; leaves obovate, apex broadly acute
 or obtuse, margin finely and evenly toothed; costa ending 2-4 cells below
 apex; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf, bordered half (or
 more) its length by 3-5 rows of hyaline cells, the border becoming
 1-cell wide above; dorsal lamina tapering to stem, often abruptly con-
 stricted just above base; leaf cells unipapillose on both surfaces. Autoicous.
 Perigonia bud-like, in axils of most leaves, conspicuous. Sporophyte
 terminal; calyptra hood-shaped, small; capsule erect or slightly inclined,
 symmetric; operculum long conic-beaked; stomata in base of capsule wall
 prominent. Spores smooth, greenish, about 16 p.
 HA1ITAT: Bases of trees (Taxodium).
 DISTRIBUTION: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama.
 Florida: Glades, Polk Counties.

          Fissidens garberi Lesq. & James PLATE 5
 Plants small, 2-4 mm high, unbranched; 4-8 pairs of leaves. Leaves
 oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute, margins finely toothed; costa pellu-
 cid, curved at upper end of vaginant lamina, ending several cells below
 apex; vaginant lamina one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf; border
 of elongated hyaline cells several cells wide, restricted to lower part of
vaginant lamina of the uppermost pair of leaves (perichaetial); dorsal
lamina broad, truncate at base; leaf cells small, with 2-4 papillae. Autoi-
cous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric; cells of upper capsule wall
regular, almost square, thickened in the corners. Hyaline border on vagi-
nant lamina of perichaetial leaves often obscure.
HABITAT: On roots, rotten wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Bermuda, Mexico, Central America,
South America, Cocos Island; Louisiana, Wisconsin.
Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Gads-
den, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Martin, Palm Beach,
Polk, St. Lucie, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

            Fissidens ravenelii Sull. PLATE 5
 Plants small, 2-4 mm high, unbranched; 2-10 pairs leaves. Leaves nar-
rowly oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, margin finely toothed; costa percur-



8            MOSSES OF FLORIDA
rent; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf; elongated hyaline
cells forming a border on vaginant lamina of perichaetial and upper leaves,
and becoming intramarginal at base; perichaetial leaves sometimes reduced,
the costa forming all of the upper lamina; dorsal lamina gradually tapering
to base; upper leaf cells small, irregularly hexagonal, with 2-4 papillae.
Monoicous or dioicous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric; cells of
upper capsule wall irregularly rectangular, cells somewhat thickened in
the corners.
  HABITAT: On soil or roots.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Flagler, Gadsden, Hardee, Holmes, Jack-
son, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk,
Santa Rosa, Seminole, Washington Counties.


           Fissidens subbasilaris Hedw. PLATE 8
 Plants 5-10 mm high, stems simple or branching; 10-16 pairs leaves.
 Leaves oblong-apiculate; apical margin irregularly toothed; vaginant lamina
 about half the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina usually ending abruptly
 above insertion; costa strong, ending several cells below apex, covered by
bulging cells above; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, thick-walled, bulging
on both surfaces, obscure.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Pasco,
Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.


     Fissidens cristatus Wilts. ex Mitt. & Wils.        PLATE 1
 Plants averaging 1-3 cm high, sometimes larger. Leaves numerous,
crowded, oblong-lingulate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute; margin with
a border of paler, thicker walled cells 3-4 cells wide, coarsely and irregu-
larly toothed above; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about
half the length of the leaf, dorsal lamina usually reaching base, sometimes
shortly decurrent; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, thick-walled, irregularly
two cells thick, averaging 7-9 y, with occasional large, swollen cells on
dorsal and upper laminae. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves slender, elongated.
Sporophyte lateral from tower part of stem, inclined.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or decaying wood, limestone, or calcare-
ous soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Dade, Gadsden, High-
lands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee,
Marion, Nassau, Pasco, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Taylor, Wakulla, Walton Counties.


8


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


8


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


rent; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf; elongated hyaline
cells forming a border on vaginant lamina of perichaetial and upper leaves,
and becoming intramarginal at base; perichaetial leaves sometimes reduced,
the costa forming all of the upper lamina; dorsal lamina gradually tapering
to base; upper leaf cells small, irregularly hexagonal, with 2-4 papillae.
Monoicous or dioicous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric; cells of
upper capsule wall irregularly rectangular, cells somewhat thickened in
the corners.
  HABITAT: On soil or roots.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Flagler, Gadsden, Hardee, Holmes, Jack-
son, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk,
Santa Rosa, Seminole, Washington Counties.

           Fissidens subbasilaris Hedw. PLATE 8
 Plants 5-10 mm high, stems simple or branching; 10-16 pairs leaves.
 Leaves oblong-apiculate; apical margin irregularly toothed; vaginant lamina
 about half the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina usually ending abruptly
 above insertion; costa strong, ending several cells below apex, covered by
bulging cells above; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, thick-walled, bulging
on both surfaces, obscure.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Pasco,
Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.


     Fissidens cristatus Wils. ex Mitt. & Wils.         PLATE 1
 Plants averaging 1-3 cm high, sometimes larger. Leaves numerous,
crowded, oblong-lingulate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute; margin with
a border of paler, thicker walled cells 3-4 cells wide, coarsely and irregu-
larly toothed above; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about
half the length of the leaf, dorsal lamina usually reaching base, sometimes
shortly decurrent; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, thick-walled, irregularly
two cells thick, averaging 7-9 s, with occasional large, swollen cells on
dorsal and upper laminae. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves slender, elongated.
Sporophyte lateral from lower part of stem, inclined.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or decaying wood, limestone, or calcare-
ous soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Dade, Gadsden, High-
lands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee,
Marion, Nassau, Pasco, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Taylor, Wakulla, Walton Counties.


rent; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf; elongated hyaline
cells forming a border on vaginant lamina of perichaetial and upper leaves,
and becoming intramarginal at base; perichaetial leaves sometimes reduced,
the costa forming all of the upper lamina; dorsal lamina gradually tapering
to base; upper leaf cells small, irregularly hexagonal, with 2-4 papillae.
Monoicous or dioicous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric; cells of
upper capsule wall irregularly rectangular, cells somewhat thickened in
the corners.
  HABITAT: On soil or roots.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Flagler, Gadsden, Hardee, Holmes, Jack-
son, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk,
Santa Rosa, Seminole, Washington Counties.


           Fissidens subbasilaris Hedw. PLATE 8
 Plants 5-10 mm high, stems simple or branching; 10-16 pairs leaves.
 Leaves oblong-apiculate; apical margin irregularly toothed; vaginant lamina
 about half the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina usually ending abruptly
 above insertion; costa strong, ending several cells below apex, covered by
 bulging cells above; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, thick-walled, bulging
 on both surfaces, obscure.
 HABITAT: On bases of trees or limestone.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Gadsden,
 Holmes, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Pasco,
 Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.


     Fissidens cristatus Wilts. ex Mitt. & Wilts.       PLATE 1
 Plants averaging 1-3 cm high, sometimes larger. Leaves numerous,
 crowded, oblong-lingulate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute; margin with
 a border of paler, thicker walled cells 3-4 cells wide, coarsely and irregu-
 larly toothed above; costa percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about
half the length of the leaf, dorsal lamina usually reaching base, sometimes
shortly decurrent; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, thick-walled, irregularly
two cells thick, averaging 7-9 p, with occasional large, swollen cells on
dorsal and upper laminae. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves slender, elongated.
Sporophyte lateral from lower part of stem, inclined.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or decaying wood, limestone, or calcare-
ous soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Dade, Gadsden, High-
lands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee,
Marion, Nassau, Pasco, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Taylor, Wakulla, Walton Counties.



FISSIDENTACEAE


9


FISSIDENTACEAE


9


          Fissidens adianthordes Hedw. PLATE 1
 Closely resembling F. cristatus. Plants usually more robust, reaching 8
 cm. Leaves less crowded, border of paler cells absent or indistinct; leaf cells
 larger (averaging 13-16 p), clear, never two cells thick, the large ele-
vated swollen cells characteristic of F. cristatus absent or poorly developed.
HABITAT: Bases of trees, rotten wood, moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Dade, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden,
Gulf, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.
Anderson and Bryan call attention to separation of these two species
by the difference in method of drying of their leaves. Leaves of F. cristatus
roll inward with their tips remaining relatively unchanged, while those of
F. adianthoides curve inward, with the upper fourth of the leaves be-
coming conspicuously wrinkled and contorted, the lower part remaining
unchanged.


Fissidens polypodioides Hedw.


PLATE 8


Plants large, up to 2-5 cm or more in height, rich green; stems erect
to curved, simple or branched from the base; many pairs of leaves. Leaves
curved at tips when dry, oblong-lingulate, apex rounded and bluntly
apiculate; margin entire; costa strong, pereurrent; vaginant lamina about
two-thirds the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina of uniform width to just
above insertion, where it becomes narrow and constricted; leaf cells large,
smooth, pellucid, thick-walled, irregularly hexagonal, larger along costa.
Dioicous. Sporophytes lateral from axils of upper leaves, inclined.
HAEITAT: On calcareous soils or limestone.
DIsTRIBUTION:      Florida:  Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Washington
Counties.
Probably much more common than these records indicate.


          Fissidens pellucidus Hornsch. PLATE 9
          Fissidens subcrenatus Schimp.
 Plants small, 1.5-5 rum high, reddish-brown; 3-8 pairs of leaves, in-
 creasing in size upward from a small basal pair. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
 gradually narrowing to an obtuse or acute apex; margin entire except finely
 toothed at apex; costa brownish, ending 2-3 cells below apex or per-
 current; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf, sides unequal;
 dorsal lamina narrowing abruptly at base and not reaching stem; upper
leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, isodiametric, pellucid, walls brownish,
smaller at margin, basal cells on vaginant lamina along costa larger and
elongated. Autoicous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
  HABtTAT: On soil or wet sandstone.


          Fissidens adianthodes Hedw. PLATE 1
 Closely resembling F. cristatus. Plants usually more robust, reaching 8
 cm. Leaves less crowded, border of paler cells absent or indistinct; leaf cells
larger (averaging 13-16 p), clear, never two cells thick, the large ele-
vated swollen cells characteristic of F. cristatus absent or poorly developed.
HAu1TAT: Bases of trees, rotten wood, moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Dade, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden,
Gulf, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.
Anderson and Bryan call attention to separation of these two species
by the difference in method of drying of their leaves. Leaves of F. cristatus
roll inard with their tips remaining relatively unchanged, while those of
F. adianthoides curve inward, with the upper fourth of the leaves be-
coming conspicuously wrinkled and contorted, the lower part remaining
unchanged.

          Fissidens polypodioides Hedw. PLATE 8
 Plants large, up to 2-5 cm or more in height, rich green; stems erect
 to curved, simple or branched from the base; many pairs of leaves. Leaves
curved at tips when dry, oblong-lingulate, apex rounded and bluntly
apiculate; margin entire; costa strong, percurrent; vaginant lamina about
two-thirds the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina of uniform width to just
above insertion, where it becomes narrow and constricted; leaf cells large,
smooth, pellucid, thick-walled, irregularly hexagonal, larger along costa.
Dioicous. Sporophytes lateral from axils of upper leaves, inclined.
HABITAT: On calcareous soils or limestone.
DISTRIBUTION:      Florida:  Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Washington
Counties.
Probably much more common than these records indicate.


          Fissidens pellucidus Hornsch. PLATE 9
          Fissidens subcrenatus Schimp.
 Plants small, 1.5-5 mm high, reddish-brown; 3-8 pairs of leaves, in-
 creasing in size upward from a small basal pair. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
 gradually narrowing to an obtuse or acute apex; margin entire except finely
 toothed at apex; costa brownish, ending 2-3 cells below apex or per-
 current; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf, sides unequal;
 dorsal lamina narrowing abruptly at base and not reaching stem; upper
leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, isodiametric, pellucid, walls brownish,
smaller at margin, basal cells on vaginant lamina along costa larger and
elongated. Autoicous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
HABITAT: On soil or wet sandstone.


Fissidens polypodioides Hedw.


              FISSIDENTACEAE          9

          Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. PLATE 1
 Closely resembling F. cristatus. Plants usually more robust, reaching 8
 cm. Leaves less crowded, border of paler cells absent or indistinct; leaf cells
 larger (averaging 13-16 p), clear, never two cells thick, the large ele-
vated swollen cells characteristic of F. cristatus absent or poorly developed.
  HABITAT: Bases of trees, rotten wood, moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Dade, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden,
Gulf, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.
Anderson and Bryan call attention to separation of these two species
by the difference in method of drying of their leaves. Leaves of F. cristatus
roll inward with their tips remaining relatively unchanged, while those of
F. adianthoides curve inward, with the upper fourth of the leaves be-
coming conspicuously wrinkled and contorted, the lower part remaining
unchanged.


PLATE 8


  Plants large, up to 2-5 cm or more in height, rich green; stems erect
to curved, simple or branched from the base; many pairs of leaves. Leaves
curved at tips when dry, oblong-lingulate, apex rounded and bluntly
apiculate; margin entire; costa strong, percurrent; vaginant lamina about
two-thirds the length of the leaf; dorsal lamina of uniform width to just
above insertion, where it becomes narrow and constricted; leaf cells large,
smooth, pellucid, thick-walled, irregularly hexagonal, larger along costa.
Dioicous. Sporophytes lateral from axils of upper leaves, inclined.
  HAB1TAT: On calcareous soils or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION:      Florida:  Gadsden, Leon, Liberty, Washington
Counties.
  Probably much more common than these records indicate.


          Fissidens pellucidus Hornsch. PLATE 9
          Fissidens subcrenatus Schimp.
  Plants small, 1.5-5 mm high, reddish-brown; 3-8 pairs of leaves, in-
creasing in size upward from a small basal pair. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
gradually narrowing to an obtuse or acute apex; margin entire except finely
toothed at apex; costa brownish, ending 2-3 cells below apex or per-
current; vaginant lamina about half the length of the leaf, sides unequal;
dorsal lamina narrowing abruptly at base and not reaching stem; upper
leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, isodiametric, pellucid, walls brownish,
smaller at margin, basal cells on vaginant lamina along costa larger and
elongated. Autoicous. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
  HAEITAT: On soil or wet sandstone.



10           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South Amer-
ica; Georgia (Lowndes County).
  Florida: Leon, Liberty, Walton Counties.


            Fissidens donnellii Aust. PLATE 9
  Plants small, 2-3 mm high; stems simple, often decumbent; 3-6 pairs
leaves. Leaves oblong, apex gradually tapering; costa strong, ending 3-5
cells below apex; vaginant lamina about two-thirds the length of the leaf;
dorsal lamina usually reaching base; margin finely toothed by protruding
papillae all around; leaf cells hexagonal, with a single large blunt papilla
on each surface. Synoicous; antheridial plants small, at bases of arche-
gonial plants. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
  HABITAT: On soil, rotten wood, or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America.
  Florida: Dade, Highlands, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Marion, Sarasota,
Seminole, Volusia Counties.

            Fissidens radicans Mont. PLATE 9
 Plants 2-5 mm high, stems simple or sparingly branching, 8-12 pairs
of leaves. Leaves oblong to lingulate, scarcely tapering below apex, apex
of most leaves abruptly constricted to an obtuse point; costa ending several
cells below apex, pellucid; vaginant lamina half or more the length of leaf;
dorsal lamina usually not reaching base; leaf cells almost round, promi-
nently bulging, marginal cells smaller; margin finely toothed all around.
Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
The distinctive leaf apex and the rounded, bulging cells serve to dis-
tinguish this species from F. donnellii.
HABITAT: On limestone or rotten wood.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America.
  Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Polk,
Sumter Counties.


10           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South Amer-
ica; Georgia (Lowndes County).
Florida: Leon, Liberty, Walton Counties.


            Fissidens donnellii Aust. PLATE 9
 Plants small, 2-3 mm high; stems simple, often decumbent; 3-6 pairs
leaves. Leaves oblong, apex gradually tapering; costa strong, ending 3-5
cells below apex; vaginant lamina about two-thirds the length of the leaf;
dorsal tamina usually reaching base; margin finely toothed by protruding
papillae all around; leaf cells hexagonal, with a single large blunt papilla
on each surface. Synoicous; antheridial plants small, at bases of arche-
gonial plants. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
HABITAT: On soil, rotten wood, or limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America.
Florida: Dade, Highlands, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Marion, Sarasota,
Seminole, Volusia Counties.


10


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South Amer-
ica; Georgia (Lowndes County).
  Florida: Leon, Liberty, Walton Counties.


            Fissidens donnellii Aust. PLATE 9
  Plants small, 2-3 mm high; stems simple, often decumbent; 3-6 pairs
leaves. Leaves oblong, apex gradually tapering; costa strong, ending 3-5
cells below apex; vaginant lamina about two-thirds the length of the leaf;
dorsal lamina usually reaching base; margin finely toothed by protruding
papillae all around; leaf cells hexagonal, with a single large blunt papilla
on each surface. Synoicous; antheridial plants small, at bases of arche-
gonial plants. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
  HABITAT: On soil, rotten wood, or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America.
  Florida: Dade, Highlands, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Marion, Sarasota,
Seminole, Volusia Counties.

            Fissidens radicans Mont. PLATE 9
 Plants 2-5 mm high, stems simple or sparingly branching, 8-12 pairs
of leaves. Leaves oblong to lingulate, scarcely tapering below apex, apex
of most leaves abruptly constricted to an obtuse point; costa ending several
cells below apex, pellucid; vaginant lamina half or more the length of leaf;
dorsal lamina usually not reaching base; leaf cells almost round, promi-
nently bulging, marginal cells smaller; margin finely toothed all around.
Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
The distinctive leaf apex and the rounded, bulging cells serve to dis-
tinguish this species from F. donnellii.
HABITAT: On limestone or rotten wood.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America.
  Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Polk,
Sumter Counties.


Fissidens radicans Mont.


PLATE 9


Plants 2-5 mm high, stems simple or sparingly branching, 8-12 pairs
of leaves. Leaves oblong to lingulate, scarcely tapering below apex, apex
of most leaves abruptly constricted to an obtuse point; costa ending several
cells below apex, pellucid; vaginant lamina half or more the length of leaf;
dorsal lamina usually not reaching base; leaf cells almost round, promi-
nently bulging, marginal cells smaller; margin finely toothed all around.
Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
The distinctive leaf apex and the rounded, bulging cells serve to dis-
tinguish this species from F. donnellii.
HABITAT: On limestone or rotten wood.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America.
  Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Polk,
Sumter Counties.


Fissidens taxifolius Hedw.


PLATE 8


Fissidens taxifolius Hedw.


PLATE 8


Fissidens taxifolius Hedw.


PLATE 8


Plants 5-10 mm high; stems sparingly branched from base. Leaves in
many pairs, ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, margin finely and evenly toothed
by projecting cell angles; costa strong, sinuous, shortly excurrent or per-
current; vaginant lamina one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf;
dorsal lamina reaching stem; leaf cells small, dense, smooth or bulging,
larger along costa, a row or two of marginal cells sometimes paler. Autoi-
cous. Antheridial buds on short branches. Sporophyte lateral from near
base of main stem, inclined to horizontal, curved and slightly asymmetric.


Plants 5-10 mm high; stems sparingly branched from base. Leaves in
many pairs, ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, margin finely and evenly toothed
by projecting cell angles; costa strong, sinuous, shortly excurrent or per-
current; vaginant lamina one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf;
dorsal lamina reaching stem; leaf cells small, dense, smooth or bulging,
larger along costa, a row or two of marginal cells sometimes paler. Autoi-
cous. Antheridial buds on short branches. Sporophyte lateral from near
base of main stem, inclined to horizontal, curved and slightly asymmetric.


Plants 5-10 mm high; stems sparingly branched from base. Leaves in
many pairs, ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, margin finely and evenly toothed
by projecting cell angles; costa strong, sinuous, shortly excurrent or per-
current; vaginant lamina one-half to two-thirds the length of the leaf;
dorsal lamina reaching stem; leaf cells small, dense, smooth or bulging,
larger along costa, a row or two of marginal cells sometimes paler. Autoi-
cous. Antheridial buds on short branches. Sporophyte lateral from near
base of main stem, inclined to horizontal, curved and slightly asymmetric.



ARCHIDIACEAE


11


ARCHIDIACEAE


11


HABITAT: On damp soil.
DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Gads-
den, Gulf, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madi-
son, Manatee, Marion, Sumter, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, Washington
Counties.
             Fissldens hallo Aust. PLATE 4
  Plants small, 2-4 mm high, 4-8 pairs of leaves. Leaves oblong, apex
acute, upper margin finely and evenly toothed; costa pale, strong, slightly
curved, percurrent or nearlv so; vaginant lamina about half the length of
the leaf, indistinctly bordered by a few narrower and longer cells along
basal edge; dorsal lamina ending abruptly above base or gradually tapering
to it; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, smooth. Dioicous. Antheridial plants
smaller than the female plants. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
  HABITAT: On rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad; Texas, New Mexico (as F. littlei [Wms.]
Grout), Louisiana (as F. orcutti Grout).
  Florida: Gadsden, Seminole (issued as F. falcatulus R. & C., Holz-
inger, Musci Acrocarpi Boreali Americani), Volusia Counties.


             ARCHIDIACEAE

               ARCHIDIUM
  Plants small, perennial, growing on sandy soil in old fields or black-
berry thickets. Stems erect, lower leaves smaller than the upper. Leaves
lanceolate-acuminate, entire or finely toothed; costa ending near or in
apex; leaf cells smooth, rectangular to rhomboidal, a group of short quad-
rate cells differentiated at basal angles. Perichaetial leaves often much
larger and with a broader base. Autoicous or paroicous. Calvptra incon-
spicuous. Capsules globular, sessile or nearly so, terminal or appearing
axillary on short branches as a result of successive branching; vaginule
conspicuous; eleistocarpous, dehiscing by irregular splitting; stomata ab-
sent. Spores largest of the mosses, averaging only 16-24 per capsule, 180-
225 p, round or angular, smooth or finely granular, yellow-orange to
brown, and containing conspicuous oil bodies.

L Plants conspicuously  enlarged  at the  tip................_..._.._.. _.............. .A. hallii
1. Plants not conspicuously enlarged at the tip
  2. Upper stem leaves 4-5: 1
    3. Perichaetial leaves about twice as long as upper stem leavesA. ohioense
    3. Perichaetial leaves more than twice as long as median stem leaves........_
                               A. alternifolium
  2. Upper stem leaves 7:1 or longer
    3. Perichaetial leaves at least twice as long as stem leaves.A. longifoliom
    3. Perichaetial and stem leaves about the same length.........A. loridanum


HABITAT: On damp soil.
DIsTRIBUTIoN: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Gads-
den, Gulf, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madi-
son, Manatee, Marion, Sumter, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, Washington
Counties.
             Fissidens halli Aust. PLATE 4
 Plants small, 2-4 mm    high, 4-8 pairs of leaves. Leaves oblong, apex
 acute, upper margin finely and evenly toothed; costa pale, strong, slightly
 curved, percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about half the length of
 the leaf, indistinctly bordered by a few narrower and longer cells along
 basal edge; dorsal lamina ending abruptly above base or gradually tapering
 to it; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, smooth. Dioicous. Antheridial plants
 smaller than the female plants. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
 HABITAT: On rotten wood.
 DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad; Texas, New Mexico (as F. littlei [Wms.]
 Grout), Louisiana (as F. orcutti Grout).
 Florida: Gadsden, Seminole (issued as F. falcatulus R. & C., Holz-
 inger, Musci Acrocarpi Boreali Americani), Volusia Counties.


             ARCHIDIACEAE

               ARCHIDIUM
  Plants small, perennial, growing on sandy soil in old fields or black-
berry thickets. Stems erect, lower leaves smaller than the upper. Leaves
lanceolate-acuminate, entire or finely toothed; costa ending near or in
apex; leaf cells smooth, rectangular to rhomboidal, a group of short quad-
rate cells differentiated at basal angles. Perichaetial leaves often much
larger and with a broader base. Autoicous or paroicous. Calyptra incon-
spicuous. Capsules globular, sessile or nearly so, terminal or appearing
axillary on short branches as a result of successive branching; vaginule
conspicuous; cleistocarpous, dehiscing by irregular splitting; stomata ab-
sent. Spores largest of the mosses, averaging only 16-24 per capsule, 180-
225 p, round or angular, smooth or finely granular, yellow-orange to
brown, and containing conspicuous oil bodies.

1. Plants conspicuously enlarged at the tip ..... A, hallii
1. Plants not conspicuously enlarged at the tip
  2. Upper stem leaves 4-5:1
    3. Perichaetial leaves about twice as long as upper stem leaves.A. ohioense
    3. Perichaetial leaves more than twice as long as median stem leaves._...._v
                               A. alternifolium
  2. Upper stem leaves 7:1 or longer
    3. Perichaetial leaves at least twice as long as stem leaves_..A. longifolou
    3. Perichaetial and stem leaves about the same length.. A. floridanum


              ARCHIDIACEAE           11

 HABITAT: On damp soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Gads-
 den, Gulf, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madi-
son, Manatee, Marion, Sumter, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, Washington
Counties.
             Fissidens hallii Aust. PLATE 4
 Plants small, 2-4 mm high, 4-8 pairs of leaves. Leaves oblong, apex
 acute, upper margin finely and evenly toothed; costa pale, strong, slightly
 curved, percurrent or nearly so; vaginant lamina about half the length of
 the leaf, indistinctly bordered by a few narrower and longer cells along
 basal edge; dorsal lamina ending abruptly above base or gradually tapering
 to it; leaf cells irregularly hexagonal, smooth. Dioicous. Antheridial plants
 smaller than the female plants. Sporophyte terminal, erect, symmetric.
 HABITAT: On rotten wood.
 DIsTRIBUTION: Trinidad; Texas, New Mexico (as F. little! [Wins.]
 Grout), Louisiana (as F. orcutti Grout).
 Florida:   Gadsden, Seminole (issued as F. falcatulus R. & C., Holz-
 inger, Musci Acrocarpi Boreali Americani), Volusia Counties.


             ARCHIDIACEAE

               ARCHIDIUM
  Plants small, perennial, growing on sandy soil in old fields or black-
berry thickets. Stems erect, lower leaves smaller than the upper. Leaves
lanceolate-acuminate, entire or finely toothed; costa ending near or in
apex; leaf cells smooth, rectangular to rhomboidal, a group of short quad-
rate cells differentiated at basal angles. Perichaetial leaves often much
larger and with a broader base. Autoicous or paroicous. Calvptra incon-
spicuous. Capsules globular, sessile or nearly so, terminal or appearing
axillary on short branches as a result of successive branching; vaginule
conspicuous; eleistocarpous, dehiscing by irregular splitting; stomata ab-
sent. Spores largest of the mosses, averaging only 16-24 per capsule, 180-
225 p, round or angular, smooth or finely granular, yellow-orange to
brown, and containing conspicuous oil bodies.

. Plants conspicuously  enlarged  at the tip...._........................_........._ A. hallii
1. Plants not conspicuously enlarged at the tip
  2. Upper stem leaves 4-5:1
    3. Perichaetial leaves about twice as long as upper stem leaves..A. ohioense
    3. Perichaetial leaves more than twice as long as median stem leaves  ..
                               A. alternifolium
  2. Upper stem leaves 7:1 or longer
    3. Perichaetial leaves at least twice as long as stem leaves...A. longifoliun
    3. Perichaetial and stem leaves about the same length. A. floridanum



MOSSES OF FLORIDA

Archidium hallii Aust.


12


MOSSES OF FLORIDA

Archidium hallii Aust.


12


MOSSES OF FLORIDA

Archidium hallii Aust.


PLATE 10


PLATE 10


PLATE 10


Plants in small, pale yellow-green tufts, conspicuously enlarged at the
tip. Upper stem leaves lanceolate, costa ending near apex; upper margin
bordered by short rhomboidal cells, entire or nearly so; median cells 4-5: 1,
becoming rectangular toward base, 2-3 rows of short quadrate cells extend-
ing from basal margin to costa; lower leaves smaller. Capsules terminal or
appearing lateral as a result of growth distortion. Spores yellow, about
210 p, maturing in spring.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Lee, Seminole Counties.

        Archidium ohioense Schimp. ex C. M. PLATE 11
  Plants short, enlarged at tip, branching just below stem apex, pale
yellowish-green. Upper stem leaves lanceolate, about 4:1, costa percur-
rent or nearly so, margins entire to finely toothed; upper and median cells
rhomboidal, 4-6:1, becoming shorter and rectangular below, with 3-4
rows of short quadrate cells extending about 6-7 cells along the margin at
basal angles. Perichaetial leaves about twice as long as upper stem leaves,
broader in lower half, with a shorter tip. Autoicous; antheridia axillary in
small clusters, surrounded by 3-4 short, apiculate, ecostate perigonial
bracts; archegonia surrounded by several small, long-pointed perichaetial
leaves. Capsules 2 or more per plant, axillary. Spores round or angular,
deep orange at maturity, 150-180 p, mature November to early spring.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Franklin, Lee, Leon, Levy, Manatee, Mar-
ion, Seminole Counties.

       Archidium alternifolium (Hedw.) Mitt. PLATE I1
  Plants in small yellow-green tufts, the older stems branching. Lower
leaves small, bract-like, widely spaced; upper leaves nearly twice as long as
lower, more closely arranged, lanceolate, entire or finely toothed; costa per-
current; upper leaf cells about 4:1, gradually becoming shorter toward
the base, with a few quadrate cells at basal margin. Paroicous, anther-
idia below archegonia in same cluster. Perichaetial leaves more than twice
as long as median stem leaves. Capsules 1-3 per plant, sometimes more.
Spores yellow, darkening with age, 175-225 y, maturing in the fall.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIeUTION: Florida: Dade, Lee, Manatee, Seminole Counties.

        Archidium longifolium Lesq. & James PLATE 12
  Resembles A. alternifolium except that leaves are much longer and
narrower. Upper leaf margin inrolled, finely toothed; upper and median


Plants in small, pale yellow-green tufts, conspicuously enlarged at the
tip. Upper stem leaves lanceolate, costa ending near apex; upper margin
bordered by short rhomboidal cells, entire or nearly so; median cells 4-5: 1,
becoming rectangular toward base, 2-3 rows of short quadrate cells extend-
ing from basal margin to costa; lower leaves smaller. Capsules terminal or
appearing lateral as a result of growth distortion. Spores yellow, about
210 p, maturing in spring.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIEUTION: Florida: Lee, Seminole Counties.

        Archidium ohioense Schimp. ex C. M. PLATE 11
  Plants short, enlarged at tip, branching just below stem apex, pale
yellowish-green. Upper stem leaves lanceolate, about 4:1, costa percur-
rent or nearly so, margins entire to finely toothed; upper and median cells
rhomboidal, 4-6: 1, becoming shorter and rectangular below, with 3-4
rows of short quadrate cells extending about 6-7 cells along the margin at
basal angles. Perichaetial leaves about twice as long as upper stem leaves,
broader in lower half, with a shorter tip. Autoicous; antheridia axillary in
small clusters, surrounded by 3-4 short, apiculate, ecostate perigonial
bracts; archegonia surrounded by several small, long-pointed perichaetial
leaves. Capsules 2 or more per plant, axillary. Spores round or angular,
deep orange at maturity, 150-180 p, mature November to early spring.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Franklin, Lee, Leon, Levy, Manatee, Mar-
ion, Seminole Counties.

       Archidium alternifolium (Hedw.) Mitt. PLATE 11
  Plants in small yellow-green tufts, the older stems branching. Lower
leaves small, bract-like, widely spaced; upper leaves nearly twice as long as
lower, more closely arranged, lanceolate, entire or finely toothed; costa per-
current; upper leaf cells about 4:1, gradually becoming shorter toward
the base, with a few quadrate cells at basal margin. Paroicous, anther-
idia below archegonia in same cluster. Perichaetial leaves more than twice
as long as median stem leaves. Capsules 1-3 per plant, sometimes more.
Spores yellow, darkening with age, 175-225 p, maturing in the fall.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Lee, Manatee, Seminole Counties.

        Archidium longifolium Lesq. & James PLATE 12
  Resembles A. alternifolium except that leaves are much longer and
narrower. Upper leaf margin inrolled, finely toothed; upper and median


Plants in small, pale yellow-green tufts, conspicuously enlarged at the
tip. Upper stem leaves lanceolate, costa ending near apex; upper margin
bordered by short rhomboidal cells, entire or nearly so; median cells 4-5: 1,
becoming rectangular toward base, 2-3 rows of short quadrate cells extend-
ing from basal margin to costa; lower leaves smaller. Capsules terminal or
appearing lateral as a result of growth distortion. Spores yellow, about
210 p, maturing in spring.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Lee, Seminole Counties.

        Archidium ohioense Schimp. ex C. M. PLATE I1
  Plants short, enlarged at tip, branching just below stem apex, pale
yellowish-green. Upper stem leaves lanceolate, about 4:1, costa percur-
rent or nearly so, margins entire to finely toothed; upper and median cells
rhomboidal, 4-6: 1, becoming shorter and rectangular below, with 3-4
rows of short quadrate cells extending about 6-7 cells along the margin at
basal angles. Perichaetial leaves about twice as long as upper stem leaves,
broader in lower half, with a shorter tip. Autoicous; antheridia axillary in
small clusters, surrounded by 3-4 short, apiculate, ecostate perigonial
bracts; archegonia surrounded by several small, long-pointed perichaetial
leaves. Capsules 2 or more per plant, axillary. Spores round or angular,
deep orange at maturity, 150-180 y, mature November to early spring.
  HAntTAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Franklin, Lee, Leon, Levy, Manatee, Mar-
ion, Seminole Counties.

       Archidium alternifolium (Hedw.) Mitt. PLATE I1
  Plants in small yellow-green tufts, the older stems branching. Lower
leaves small, bract-like, widely spaced; upper leaves nearly twice as long as
lower, more closely arranged, lanceolate, entire or finely toothed; costa per-
current; upper leaf cells about 4:1, gradually becoming shorter toward
the base, with a few quadrate cells at basal margin. Paroicous, anther-
idia below archegonia in same cluster. Perichaetial leaves more than twice
as long as median stem leaves. Capsules 1-3 per plant, sometimes more.
Spores yellow, darkening with age, 175-225 y, maturing in the fall.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIEUTION: Florida: Dade, Lee, Manatee, Seminole Counties.

        Archidium longifolium Lesq. & James PLATE 12
  Resembles A. alternifolium except that leaves are much longer and
narrower. Upper leaf margin inrolled, finely toothed; upper and median



DITRICH ACE A E


13


leaf cells 6: 1, rhomboidal, becoming shorter and rectangular toward base,
with a row or two of quadrate cells along the basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves tapering to a long point, frequently curved in upper half. Capsules
2-4 per plant, terminal. Spores yellow, becoming dark with age, 180-225
y, maturing from November to February.
HABITAT: On sandy soil.
DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Lee, Manatee, Seminole Counties.

   Archidium foridanum Aust. ex Cain in Grout PLATE 11
   Upper stem leaves lanceolate, costa percurrent or nearly so; upper leaf
cells about 6: I, gradually becoming shorter below, with 2-3 rows of short
quadrate cells extending about 8-10 cells along basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves about same length as upper stem    leaves, narrower toward apex,
somewhat tubular and curved. Perigonial bracts large for the genus. Spores
yellow, 150-200 s, maturing in February-March.
  IABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Franklin, Gadsden, Lee Counties,
  Archidium is probably more common in Florida than present distribu-
tion records indicate. Its small size, rather restricted habitats, and short
fruiting season make it easy to overlook. As is true with other "pygmies,"
once the knack of looking in the right place at the right time is acquired,
it will undoubtedly be found to be reasonably common.


             DITRICHACEAE
  Plants in dense mats or cushions, stems erect, mostly less than 2 cm
high, sometimes branching, matted with brown radicles at base. Leaves
erect-spreading, gradually narrowing from a broad base to a slender tip;
costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, forming a large part of the awn,
rough or smooth on back in upper part; leaf cells mostly rectangular, larger
toward base, cells at basal angles not enlarged or inflated. Calyptra cap-
shaped or hood-shaped. Seta not exceeding perichaetial leaves, or long-
exserted. Operculum conic. Capsules cylindric, ovate, or pear-shaped,
erect and symmetric or inclined and asymmetric, neck absent, or (Tre-
matodon) with neck as long or longer than the urn, cleistocarpous and
dehiscing by irregular splitting, or operculate, with peristome of 16 linear
teeth which are usually split almost to the base. Annulus large, golden
yellow to light brown.
               KEY To GENERA
1. Capsules eleistocarpous
  2. Capsules pear-shaped, with conspicuous neck, immersed or shortly exserted;
    calyptra  cap-shaped----- -------------- -------------------------  . Bruchia
  2. Capsules ovate, without neck, immersed; calyptra hood-shaped....Pleuridium


              DITRICH ACEAE          13
leaf cells 6: 1, rhomboidal, becoming shorter and rectangular toward base,
with a row or two of quadrate cells along the basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves tapering to a long point, frequently curved in upper half. Capsules
2-4 per plant, terminal. Spores yellow, becoming dark with age, 180-225
p, maturing from November to February.
HABITAT: On sandy soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Lee, Manatee, Seminole Counties.

   Archidium fjoridanum Aust. ex Cain in Grout PLATE 11
   Upper stem leaves lanceolate, costa percurrent or nearly so; upper leaf
cells about 6:1, gradually becoming shorter below, with 2-3 rows of short
quadrate cells extending about 8-10 cells along basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves about same length as upper stem leaves, narrower toward apex,
somewhat tubular and curved. Perigonial bracts large for the genus. Spores
yellow, 150-200  , maturing in February-M~arch.
  HAnITAT: On sands soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Franklin, Gadsden, Lee Counties.
  Archidium is probably more common in Florida than present distribu-
tion records indicate. Its small size, rather restricted habitats, and short
fruiting season make it easy to overlook. As is true with other "pygmies,"
once the knack of looking in the right place at the right time is acquired,
it will undoubtedly be found to be reasonably common.


             DITRICHACEAE
  Plants in dense mats or cushions, stems erect, mostly less than 2 cm
high, sometimes branching, matted with brown radicles at base. Leaves
erect-spreading, gradually narrowing from a broad base to a slender tip;
costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, forming a large part of the awn,
rough or smooth on back in upper part; leaf cells mostly rectangular, larger
toward base, cells at basal angles not enlarged or inflated. Calyptra cap-
shaped or hood-shaped. Seta not exceeding perichaetial leaves, or long-
exserted. Operculum conic. Capsules cylindric, ovate, or pear-shaped,
erect and symmetric or inclined and asymmetric, neck absent, or (Tre-
matodon) with neck as long or longer than the urn, cleistocarpous and
dehiscing by irregular splitting, or operculate, with peristome of 16 linear
teeth which are usually split almost to the base. Annulus large, golden
yellow to light brown.
               KEY To GENERA
1. Capsules cleistocarpous
  2. Capsules pear-shaped, with conspicuous neck, immersed or shortly exserted;
    calyptra cap-shaped-----      ....Bruchia
  2. Capsules ovate, without neck, immersed; calyptra hood-shaped  Pleuridium


DITRICH ACE A E


13


leaf cells 6:1, rhomboidal, becoming shorter and rectangular toward base,
with a row or two of quadrate cells along the basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves tapering to a long point, frequently curved in upper half. Capsules
2-4 per plant, terminal. Spores yellow, becoming dark with age, 180-225
p, maturing from November to February.
HABITAT: On sandy soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Lee, Manatee, Seminole Counties.

   Archidium foridanum Aust. ex Cain in Grout PLATE 11
   Upper stem leaves lanceolate, costa percurrent or nearly so; upper leaf
cells about 6: 1, gradually becoming shorter below, with 2-3 rows of short
quadrate cells extending about 8-10 cells along basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves about same length as upper stem leaves, narrower toward apex,
somewhat tubular and curved. Perigonial bracts large for the genus. Spores
yellow, 150-200 y, maturing in February-March.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Franklin, Gadsden, Lee Counties.
  Archidium is probably more common in Florida than present distribu-
tion records indicate. Its small size, rather restricted habitats, and short
fruiting season make it easy to overlook. As is true with other "pygmies,"
once the knack of looking in the right place at the right time is acquired,
it will undoubtedly be found to be reasonably common.


             DITRICHACEAE
  Plants in dense mats or cushions, stems erect, mostly less than 2 cm
high, sometimes branching, matted with brown radicles at base. Leaves
erect-spreading, gradually narrowing from a broad base to a slender tip;
costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, forming a large part of the awn,
rough or smooth on back in upper part; leaf cells mostly rectangular, larger
toward base, cells at basal angles not enlarged or inflated. Calyptra cap-
shaped or hood-shaped. Seta not exceeding perichaetial leaves, or long-
exserted. Operculum conic. Capsules cylindric, ovate, or pear-shaped,
crevt and symmetric or inclined and asymmetric, neck absent, or (Tre-
natodon) with neck as long or longer than the urn, cleistocarpous and
dehiscing by irregular splitting, or operculate, with peristome of 16 linear
teeth which are usually split almost to the base. Annulus large, golden
yellow to light brown.
               KEY To GENERA
1. Capsules cleistocarpous
  2. Capsules pear-shaped, with conspicuous neck, immersed or shortly exserted;
    calyptra  cap-shaped .................h........... .. ........i.......... ..... . ruchia
  2. Capsules ovate, without neck, immersed; calyptra hood-shaped__Pleuridium



14           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
1. Capsules with operculum and peristome; calyptra hood-shaped
  2. Capsule with neck as long as the urn or longer.._       Trematodon
  2. Capsule without neck........._______..........................._------- Ditrichum


                BRUCHIA
 Plants gregarious, very small but conspicuous because of numerous
 orange or red capsules; protonemata sometimes persistent. Leaves ovate-
 lanceolate, erect or curved; costa strong, ending below apex or excurrent;
 leaf cells rectangular to rhomboidal above, rectangular at base, smooth
 except near apex in some species. Autoicous. Seta usually shorter than
 the perichaetial leaves. Capsules cleistocarpous, splitting irregularly, ovate
 to pear-shaped, with a small, abrupt tip, the spore sac often yellow,
 orange, or red; neck not more than half the length of the spore sac, with
 numerous stomata. Calyptra cap-shaped, lobed at base, smooth or papil-
 lose, covering one-third or more of the capsule. Spores yellow or orange,
 walls veined, netted, or pitted. Maturing February to March.

 1. Calyptra papillose
 2. Spore  walls veined  or netted- . -.. _.. __.................................._. ___B . ravenelii
 2. Spore walls pitted........................................................................ carolinae
1. Calyptra smooth
  2. Capsules immersed...........................................-------...........B. drummondii
  2. Capsules extending beyond perichaetial leaves
    3. Perichaetial leaves longer than the setae, reaching base of spore sac
    or beyond...----.................._- .-.__-............---_-B. sullivantii
    3. Periehactial leaves equal to or just exceeding the setae-.....B. donnellii


      Bruchia ravenelii Wils. ex Sull, in Gray PLATE 13
  Plants gregarious, yellow-green, about 2 1mm0 tall. Leaves lanceolate,
the upper and perichaetial leaves larger than the lower, toothed at apex,
papillose on back of costa; perichaetial leaves as long or longer than the
capsule, incurved. Seta short; capsule immersed, short, pear-shaped,
sharply pointed above, spore sac orange or occasionally red and longer
than the neck; calyptra apiculate, papillose, lobed and flaring at base.
Spore walls coarsely netted, 30 p. Mature January-March.
HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Madison, Marion,
Polk, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.


14           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
1. Capsules with operculum and peristome; calyptra hood-shaped
  2. Capsule with neck as long as the urn or longer..___.............
  2. Capsule  without  neck............ . ............ _........................


                BRUCHIA
 Plants gregarious, very small but conspicuous because of
 orange or red capsules; protonemata sometimes persistent. Le
 lanceolate, erect or curved; costa strong, ending below apex or
 leaf cells rectangular to rhomboidal above, rectangular at ba
 except near apex in some species. Autoicous. Seta usually sI
 the perichaetial leaves. Capsules cleistocarpous, splitting irregu
 to pear-shaped, with a small, abrupt tip, the spore sac oft
 orange, or red; neck not more than half the length of the spor
 numerous stomata. Calyptra cap-shaped, lobed at base, smoot
 lose, covering one-third or more of the capsule. Spores yellow
 walls veined, netted, or pitted. Maturing February to March.

 1. Calyptra papillose
 2. Spore  w alls  veined  or  netted........................______.........................
 2. Spore  w alls  pitted....... ................... ........-............................
1. Calyptra smooth
  2.  C apsules  im m ersedB....................__........................................
  2. Capsules extending beyond perichaetial leaves
    3. Perichaetial leaves longer than the setae, reaching base
    or beyond.....- ...-- - - - -B............................
    3. Perichaetial leaves equal to or just exceeding the setae__-


14


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


          1. Capsules with operculum and peristome; calyptra hood-shaped
Trematodon  2. Capsule with neck as long as the urn or longer............_____
...Ditrichum 2. Capsule without neck-_ ___ .................................______......


Trematodon
....Ditrichum


                BRUCHIA
 Plants gregarious, very small but conspicuous because of numerous
 orange or red capsules; protonemata sometimes persistent. Leaves ovate-
 lanceolate, erect or curved; costa strong, ending below apex or excurrent;
 leaf cells rectangular to rhomboidal above, rectangular at base, smooth
 except near apex in some species. Autoicous. Seta usually shorter than
 the perichaetial leaves. Capsules eleistocarpous, splitting irregularly, ovate
 to pear-shaped, with a small, abrupt tip, the spore sac often yellow,
 orange, or red; neck not more than half the length of the spore sac, with
 numerous stomata. Calyptra cap-shaped, lobed at base, smooth or papil-
 lose, covering one-third or more of the capsule. Spores yellow or orange,
 walls veined, netted, or pitted. Maturing February to March.

 1. Calyptra papillose
 2. Spore walls veined or netted. . . . . . B. ravenelii
 2. Spore walls pitted.............................-----.....--. ...B. carolinae
1. Calyptra smooth
  2. Capsules immersed.--. .. ......-.- ........... drummondii
  2. Capsules extending beyond perichaetial leaves
    3. Pericbaetial leaves longer than the setae, reaching base of spore sac
    or beyond._.....-_................... ...-......................-- - - - - - .-...-B.  sullivantii
    3. Perichaetial leaves equal to or just exceeding the setae.......B. donnellii


      Bruchia ravenelii Wils. ex Sull. in Gray PLATE 13
 Plants gregarious, yellow-green, about 2 mm     tall. Leaves lanceolate,
 the upper and perichaetial leaves larger than the lower, toothed at apex,
 papillose on back of costa; perichaetial leaves as long or longer than the
 capsule, incurved. Seta short; capsule immersed, short, pear-shaped,
 sharply pointed above, spore sac orange or occasionally red and longer
 than the neck; calyptra apiculate, papillose, lobed and flaring at base.
 Spore walls coarsely netted, 30 p. Mature January-March.
 HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Lecon, Madison, Marion,
Polk, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.


      Bruchia ravenelii Wils. ex Sull, in Gray         PLATE 13
 Plants gregarious, yellow-green, about 2 mm tall. Leaves lanceolate,
 the upper and perichaetial leaves larger than the lower, toothed at apex,
 papillose on back of costa; perichaetial leaves as long or longer than the
 capsule, incurved. Seta short; capsule immersed, short, pear-shaped,
 sharply pointed above, spore sac orange or occasionally red and longer
 than the neck; calyptra apiculate, papillose, lobed and flaring at base.
 Spore walls coarsely netted, 30 p. Mature January-March.
 HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Madison, Marion,
Polk, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.


Bruchia carolinae Aust.


PLATE 14


Bruchia carolinae Aust.


PLATE 14


Bruchia carolinae Aust.


PLATE 14


Plants in scattered brownish patches, about 1 mm        tall; stems short,
with only a few leaves at the summit. Leaves straight or curved, ovate-
lanceolate; costa filling entire tip, apex entire or finely toothed, faintly


Plants in scattered brownish patches, about 1 mm tall; stems short,
with only a few leaves at the summit. Leaves straight or curved, ovate-
lanceolate; costa filling entire tip, apex entire or finely toothed, faintly


Plants in scattered brownish patches, about  mm tall; stems short,
with only a few leaves at the summit. Leaves straight or curved, ovate-
lanceolate; costa filling entire tip, apex entire or finely toothed, faintly



DITRICHACEAE


15                  DITRICHACEAE


15


papillose on back above; perichaetial leaves reaching tip of capsule. Seta
shorter than the capsule; capsule immersed, pear-shaped, sharply pointed
at top, yellow-orange or reddish, shiny, neck conspicuous; calyptra papil-
lose, lobed, flaring. Spore walls finely and closely pitted, 26 p. Mature
February, March.
HAB1TAT: On sandy or clay soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Lee, Leon, Marion, Polk Counties.

       Bruchia drummondii Hampe ex E. G. Britt.       PLATE 14
  Plants very small, yellowish, glossy, leafy only in upper part. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, with long, slender, toothed tip, rough on back; upper
leaf cells rhomboidal, 2: 1; cells at shoulders rhomboidal to rectangular,
the marginal row forming an indistinct border; basal cells longer, more
lax; perichaetial leaves longer than capsule and completely enclosing it.
Capsule on short seta, pear-shaped, sharply pointed at top, bright orange
or occasionally red above, neck short; calyptra smooth, covering more than
half the capsule. Spore walls closely netted, somewhat spiny, 42-46 a.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil; scattered in small patches among weeds, old
fields.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Leon Counts.


papillose on back above; perichaetial leaves reaching tip of capsule. Seta
shorter than the capsule; capsule immersed, pear-shaped, sharply pointed
at top, yellow-orange or reddish, shiny, neck conspicuous; calyptra papil-
lose, lobed, flaring. Spore walls finely and closely pitted, 26 p. Mature
February, March.
HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Lee, Leon, Marion, Polk Counties.

       Bruchia drummondii Hampe ex E. G. Britt. PLATE 14
  Plants very small, yellowish, glossy, leafy only in upper part. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, with long, slender, toothed tip, rough on back; upper
leaf cells rhomboidal, 2: 1; cells at shoulders rhomboidal to rectangular,
the marginal row forming an indistinct border; basal cells longer, more
lax; perichaetial leaves longer than capsule and completely enclosing it.
Capsule on short seta, pear-shaped, sharply pointed at top, bright orange
or occasionally red above, neck short; calyptra smooth, covering more than
half the capsule. Spore walls closely netted, somewhat spiny, 42-46 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil; scattered in small patches among weeds, old
fields.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Leon County.


              O1TRICHACEAE           15
papillose on back above; perichactial leaves reaching tip of capsule. Seta
shorter than the capsule; capsule immersed, pear-shaped, sharply pointed
at top, yellow-orange or reddish, shiny, neck conspicuous; calyptra papil-
lose, lobed, flaring. Spore walls finely and closely pitted, 26 p. Mature
February, March.
HAB1TAT: On sandy or clay soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Lee, Leon, Marion, Polk Counties.

       Bruchia drummondii Hampe ex E. G. Britt. PLATE 14
  Plants very small, yellowish, glossy, leafy only in upper part. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, with long, slender, toothed tip, rough on back; upper
leaf cells rhomboidal, 2: 1; cells at shoulders rhomboidal to rectangular,
the marginal row forming an indistinct border; basal cells longer, more
lax; perichaetial leaves longer than capsule and completely enclosing it.
Capsule on short seta, pear-shaped, sharply pointed at top, bright orange
or occasionally red above, neck short; calyptra smooth, covering more than
half the capsule. Spore walls closely netted, somewhat spiny, 42-46 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil; scattered in small patches among weeds, old
fields.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Leon Countv.


Bruchia sullivantii Aust.


PLATE 13


Bruchia sullivantil Aust.


PLATE 13


Bruchia sullivantii Aust.


PLATE 13


Plants small, yellowish, scattered, stems short, upper leaves larger than
lower. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, costae filling the tips; margins entire or
finely toothed, often incurved; upper leaf cells more or less papillose; peri-
chaetial leaves as long or longer than the seta, some reaching tip of cap-
sule. Capsule yellow to orange, slenderly pear-shaped, sharply pointed,
neck almost as long as the spore sac; calyptra smooth, lobed, not flaring.
Spore walls spiny, 30 p. Mature February to April or May.
  HABITAT: On clay soils, often scattered among weeds.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jefferson, Leon, Madison, Polk Counties.


Plants small, yellowish, scattered, stems short, upper leaves larger than
lower. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, costae filling the tips; margins entire or
finely toothed, often incurved; upper leaf cells more or less papillose; peri-
chaetial leaves as long or longer than the seta, some reaching tip of cap-
sule. Capsule yellow   to orange, slenderly pear-shaped, sharply pointed,
neck almost as long as the spore sac; calyptra smooth, lobed, not flaring.
Spore walls spiny, 30 p. Mature February to April or May.
  HAnITAT: On clay soils, often scattered among weeds.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jefferson, Leon, Madison, Polk Counties.


Plants small, yellowish, scattered, stems short, upper leaves larger than
lower. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, costae filling the tips; margins entire or
finely toothed, often incurved; upper leaf cells more or less papillose; peri-
chaetial leaves as long or longer than the seta, some reaching tip of cap-
sule. Capsule yellow to orange, slenderly pear-shaped, sharply pointed,
neck almost as long as the spore sac; calyptra smooth, lobed, not flaring.
Spore walls spiny, 30 p. Mature February to April or May.
  HABITAT: On clay soils, often scattered among weeds.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jefferson, Leon, Madison, Polk Counties.


Bruchia donnellii Aust.


PLATE 13


Bruchia donnellii Aust.


PLATE 13


Bruchia donnellii Aust.


PLATE 13


  Stems 3-4 mm     high, leafy to base. Leaves long-lanceolate, curved
toward stem, margins incurved, finely toothed above; costa excurrent,
rough on back above; upper leaf cells obscurely papillose. Perichaetial
leaves as long as the setae but not extending beyond base of capsule. Seta
erect or slightly curved; capsule ovoid-cylindrical, long-tipped, neck in-
conspicuous and gradually tapered to the seta; calyptra smooth, fitting
capsule closely. Spore walls closely veined, spiny, 26-33 y.
  HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.


  Stems 3-4 mm high, leafy to base. Leaves long-lanceolate, curved
toward stem, margins incurved, finely toothed above; costa excurrent,
rough on back above; upper leaf cells obscurely papillose. Perichaetial
leaves as long as the setae but not extending beyond base of capsule. Seta
erect or slightly curved; capsule ovoid-cylindrical, long-tipped, neck in-
conspicuous and gradually tapered to the seta; calyptra smooth, fitting
capsule closely. Spore walls closely veined, spiny, 26-33 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.


  Stems 3-4 mm    high, leafy to base. Leaves long-lanceolate, curved
toward stem, margins incurved, finely toothed above; costa excurrent,
rough on back above; upper leaf cells obscurely papillose. Perichaetial
leaves as long as the setae but not extending beyond base of capsule. Seta
erect or slightly curved; capsule ovoid-cylindrical, long-tipped, neck in-
conspicuous and gradually tapered to the seta; calyptra smooth, fitting
capsule closely. Spore walls closely veined, spiny, 26-33 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.



16           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Jefferson, Leon, Madison,
Polk, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

               PLEURIDIUM
       Pleuridium   subulatum  (Hedw.) Lindb.      PLATE 10
 Plants in small, compact, yellowish-green tufts 2-5 mm high. Lower
 leaves small, distant; upper leaves larger, crowded, abruptly narrowing to
 a long slender tip about the same length as the ovate base; costa about
 one-third the width of the base, occupying most of the tip, rough on the
 back above; median leaf cells rectangular, 2: 1, becoming larger and longer
 toward the base. Autoicous; antheridia axillary in the perichaetial leaves,
usually surrounded by 2-3 perigonial bracts. Setac short; capsules ovoid,
cleistocarpous; calyptra small, hood-shaped. Spores finely and densely
papillose, 28-32 y.
HABITAT: On sandy soils, in old fields or along roadsides.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Gadsden, Jackson,
Leon, Madison Counties.


    TREMATODON
Trematodon longicollis Mx.


PLATE 15


16           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Jefferson, Leon, Madison,
Polk, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

               PLEURIDIUM
        Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Lindb. PLATE 10
  Plants in small, compact, yellowish-green tufts 2-5 mm high. Lower
leaves small, distant; upper leaves larger, crowded, abruptly narrowing to
a long slender tip about the same length as the ovate base; costa about
one-third the width of the base, occupying most of the tip, rough on the
back above; median leaf cells rectangular, 2: 1, becoming larger and longer
toward the base. Autoicous; antheridia axillary in the perichaetial leaves,
usually surrounded by 2-3 perigonial bracts. Setae short; capsules ovoid,
cleistocarpous; calyptra small, hood-shaped. Spores finely and densely
papillose, 28-32 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy soils, in old fields or along roadsides.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Gadsden, Jackson,
Lcon, Madison Counties.

               TREMATODON
           Trematodon longicollis Mx. PLATE 15
 Plants in tufts, yellowish-green, glossy. Leaves with broad, concave,
 clasping base, abruptly narrowing into a long, slender, entire or finely
 toothed tip; margins inrolled; costa ending 2-3 cells below apex; upper
and median leaf cells small, quadrate to irregularly hexagonal, thick-
walled, becoming much larger, longer, and lighter in color below. Autoi-
cous. Seta long, yellow, erect or slightly curved; neck of capsule twice as
long as urn, often noticeably curved; calyptra hood-shaped, covering the
urn; operculum long-beaked; annulus of 2-3 rows of large, inflated, yellow
cells; peristome of 16 long, slender, bright reddish-orange teeth, perforate
in lower portions. Spores thick-walled, rough, 26 y.
HABITAT: Common on moist ditch banks.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Dade, Dixie, Duval, Escam-
bia, Gadsden, Highlands, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Mar-
tin, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Wakulla
Counties.
               DITRICHUM
 Plants in dense cushions, bright glossy yellow-green. Leaves slenderly
 lanceolate, entire or toothed in upper part; costa broad and strong, form-
ing most of the long tip, percurrent or nearly so; upper leaf cells rectangu-
lar to linear-rhomboidal, becoming longer and sometimes larger below;
basal cells not inflated. Monoicous. Setae long, slender, yellow or reddish;


Plants in tufts, yellowish-green, glossy. Leaves with broad, concave,
clasping base, abruptly narrowing into a long, slender, entire or finely
toothed tip; margins inrolled; costa ending 2-3 cells below apex; upper
and median leaf cells small, quadrate to irregularly hexagonal, thick-
walled, becoming much larger, longer, and lighter in color below. Autoi-
cous. Seta long, yellow, erect or slightly curved; neck of capsule twice as
long as urn, often noticeably curved; calyptra hood-shaped, covering the
urn; operculum long-beaked; annulus of 2-3 rows of large, inflated, yellow
cells; peristome of 16 long, slender, bright reddish-orange teeth, perforate
in lower portions. Spores thick-walled, rough, 26 p.
HABITAT: Common on moist ditch banks.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Dade, Dixie, Duval, Escam-
bia, Gadsden, Highlands, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Mar-
tin, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Wakulla
Coonties.
               DITRICHUM
 Plants in dense cushions, bright glossy yellow-green. Leaves slenderly
 lanceolate, entire or toothed in upper part; costa broad and strong, form-
 ing most of the long tip, percurrent or nearly so; upper leaf cells rectangu-
 lar to linear-rhomboidal, becoming longer and sometimes larger below;
 basal cells not inflated. Monoicous. Setae long, slender, yellow or reddish;


16


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Jefferson, Leon, Madison,
Polk, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

               PLEURIDIUM
       Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Lindb. PLATE 10
  Plants in small, compact, yellowish-green tufts 2-5 mm high. Lower
leaves small, distant; upper leaves larger, crowded, abruptly narrowing to
a long slender tip about the same length as the ovate base; costa about
one-third the width of the base, occupying most of the tip, rough on the
back above; median leaf cells rectangular, 2:1, becoming larger and longer
toward the base. Autoicous; antheridia axillary in the perichaetial leaves,
usually surrounded by 2-3 perigonial bracts. Setae short; capsules ovoid,
cleistocarpous; calyptra small, hood-shaped. Spores finely and densely
papillose, 28-32 y.
  HABITAT: On sandy soils, in old fields or along roadsides.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Gadsden, Jackson,
Leon, Madison Counties.

               TREMATODON
           Trematodon longicollis Mx. PLATE 15
 Plants in tufts, yellowish-green, glossy. Leaves with broad, concave,
 clasping base, abruptly narrowing into a long, slender, entire or finely
 toothed tip; margins inrolled; costa ending 2-3 cells below apex; upper
and median leaf cells small, quadrate to irregularly hexagonal, thick-
walled, becoming much larger, longer, and lighter in color below. Autoi-
cous. Seta long, yellow, erect or slightly curved; neck of capsule twice as
long as urn, often noticeably curved; calyptra hood-shaped, covering the
urn; operculum long-beaked; annulus of 2-3 rows of large, inflated, yellow
cells; peristome of 16 long, slender, bright reddish-orange teeth, perforate
in lower portions. Spores thick-walled, rough, 26 p.
HABITAT: Common on moist ditch banks.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Dade, Dixie, Duval, Escam-
bia, Gadsden, Highlands, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Mar-
tin, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Wakulla
Counties.
               DITRICHUM
 Plants in dense cushions, bright glossy yellow-green. Leaves slenderly
 lanceolate, entire or toothed in upper part; costa broad and strong, form-
 ing most of the long tip, percurrent or nearly so; upper leaf cells rectangu-
 lar to linear-rhomboidal, becoming longer and sometimes larger below;
 basal cells not inflated. Monoicous. Setae long, slender, yellow or reddish;



DITEICHACEAE


17


capsules cylindric, erct aud symtuetric us slightly inclined and soewhat
asymmetsic, withlut a neck, sametismesusith a swelling at sue side of
the base; calyptsa hued-slhaped; operculam conic, beaked; annulus can-
spicuous; peristomcfroua short basalnmembae,elf16slender eeth
disvided lute 2 equal, slendes disisiens, densels papillese.

Setaseoup esemlon; casuleuwithoutswselkngat tkekas; spoes13-18g
                                 D2. patlidun
Seaucreddis, autcteon; caesuleuwithta cospicuous swelling attheskase;
tstoes 20-24 ___-- - - - - - - -52______. currituebii

        Ditrichum plallidum (Hedw.) Humps PLsTs 17
 Plants in extensisve, lease mats, often appeasing like s sung grass blades;
 stenus sheet, ussually sue exceeding 2 can. Leases linear-lanceelate, erect-
 spreading ee turned somewehat in the same directien, channeled abuse,
 macgins teethed in eppes past; costa strong, pescursent es stasly se; upper
 and muedian leaf cells sectangulus te gusigesm, 1-2: 1, becomiug lenges
 and stuck lasgee heless, but net inflated. Paseiceus. beta ycluss, 1-4 cra
 long; capsuls sellesw to esange, cylindsic, soewshat inclined and asym-
 metsic; calyptra split en oe side, coering mess eg thse capsule; uperculum
 cenic, beaked; anulus ol 2-3 sesws ef inflated, hsabine us sslloswish cells,
 conspicueus; pesistotne of t6 yellows-orange teeth, divided almost to the
 bass insto 2 densely papillese, slendes segments. Spoesscoassels papillose,
 t3-t8 .
 HAITAT: Onusandsasrclasils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Cemmon thrtugheut Plosida.


           Diteichum cuerituckii Gsout PLATE 16
 Plants smallss than thoe of D. pallidstm hut othesswise mesh liks it
 in the field. Lsavss lung, slendee, channelsd abuse, finely toothsd as sip;
 costa shout thees-foursuh of ths widuh of she bass and occupsying almost all
uf ths uppss past; uppss leaf es fusiferm, 4-6: 1, becomsing regelasly
ectangudas and shostes belosv, sesseral suns of narsrower cells formng an
indistinct border. beta sed us reddish-ysllows, about I cm lung; capsuls
cylindsic, slightly inclinsd, asymmetsle, with a suns-picuous swselling at
the base; calyptsa nut seen; epeseulum conic, beaked; assulus a single
sets og large, selloswish, inflated cells; pesistome as in D. pallidusm except
that she teeth ass shorter. Spores coarsely papilluse, 20-24 pt.
HABITAT: On moist sands suil.
DISTRtueUTON Known from a less locations in the seouheastern
Un ited Stases. Prebably nauch cosmmoer than records then-.
Florida: Columbia, Jeffeson, Liberty, Taylor, Volusia Counties.


              DItTRIC H AEAE~        17
capsules cy liudric, erect and symmetric us slightly inclined and sumewhat
asmmteteic, swithout a neck, somesisnesusith aswselling at osse side og
she base; calsptsa hued-shaped; operculum cents, beaked; ansulus sun-
spicueus; peristoe frous a sheet basal meusbraue, of 16 slendes teeth
disvidedl lute 2 equal, slender divsionas, densely papillose.

Sestta oup tos4 mlon;casultewthut swllingat tebtaseses t3-tue
                                 D2. pallidum
Sctaredih, abut1emlon; casule-uithbacosicuous -welingat tkekbae;
sporet 20-24 u.....- -._.- - - --... - 5-- . eD urritackii

        Ditichum pallidum (Hedw.) Humps PLATE 17
 Plants in extensive-, lease mats, elten appearinsg like young geass blades;
 stems sheet, esualls net exceeding 2 cue. Leases linear-laneoelate, erect-
 speading us tusned somenhat in she same direction, chauneled abuse,
 macgins teethed in upper past; caste strong, percusrent us nearly so; upper
 and median leaf cells recangular to gusiform, 1-2: 1, becoming longee
 and snuch largee beless, but net inflated. Paroicous. beta yellowv, 1-4 cm
 lung; capsule vellosw to orange, cy lindric, someswhat inclined and asym-
 meteic; calsptra split an oe side, eosering moast of the capsule; opereuluma
 seals, beaked; asnulus of 2-3 ros of inflated, hsaline us yellowish cells,
 conspicuous; peristome of lb yellowv-orange teeth, disided almuost to the
 base lute 2 dleusely papilloase, slenader segtmsnts. Steoues coarsely papillese,

 HABITAT: On sandsy us clay sells.
 DOSsuTUION Common throughout Florbda.


           Dite/chum cuerituckii Genus PLATE 16
 Plants smaller than those og D. tpallidusm but otherwitse nsueh like it
 in the field. Leases lung, slender, channeled aboe, finely teethed as tip;
 cesta about sthree-gourts ol the wvidth of thse base anal occupsylug almost all
ul the upper past; upper leaf cells gusiferm, 4-6: 1, becoming regelaly
sretangularsand shrteshelows, seseralunwseof narroerecellsfrmbng an
sndistinct berder. beta redl us reddish-yelluov, abeut I ens leng; capessle
cylindric, slightly inclined, asymmuetric, wsith a cunspicuous swelling at
the base; ealsptea see seen; eperculum cenic, beaked; anulus a single
sun ef large, sellun-ish, inflated cells; pesistuome as in D. pallidsum except
that the teeth ass shorter. Spoessceasels papillase, 20-24  .
HI-uTAT: On moubs sandsoilO.
DISTRIBUTIONx Knews grom a fen- lecatiuns in the southeassers
LUsited States. Probably much commosner than records shuts.
Florida: Culumbia, Jeffersun, Liberty, Taylus, Vousiaa Caustics.


               DItTRIC HACsEAE       17
capsuls cylindric, erect and ssmmetric urslibghtls inclbned and somewhat
asymsmetric, wvithut a neck, sametimesnwith a snwelksn gas use sideegf
the bass; calsptra hued-shaped; opercublum eenic, beaked; annulus cen-
spicuous; pesistnseuuoma shosthbasal membrane,aof 16 slender teeth
disvided into 2 eqeal, slentderadivisions, densely papillose.

Setasyelloup etoa4cntuon; captsueithuttucswegatthbs; spess3-18t
                                 52. pattidun
Setaureddshabouttcm lon;capssuita acouspicuoussw-eling atstbase;
teases 2e-24 a - - - - - - - - - 52...... . ..... ....... ...... curristubtii

        Diteicham pallidusm (Hedw.) Humps PLATE 17
 Plantssin extensiv e, loose ssats, eften appearinsg lake seatsg srass blades;
 stems shorts, usually nut exceeding 2 cm. Leaves lisnear-latnceolateeec-
 spreading er turned sumewvhat in the same directaon, channsled abuse,
 msargins teethed in upper past; csa strong, percurrens us sealy so; upper
 and median leal cells rectangular se lfssilorm, 1-2: 1, becomsng lenger
 and smuch larger helen, but net inflated. Pareicous. beta sellown 1-4 cm
 lung; capsule yelluow so orange, cylindric, somenhat snclsned and asym-
 muetric; calsptea split us ansiabe, eusering must ef she capsule; opeseulum
 conic, beaked; asnules of 2-3 sent of inflated, hyalsne us sellewish cells,
 canspicuous; peristeme ef 16 sellows-orange teeth, dsvsded almoss tu she
 bass ito 2 densely papillose, slender segments. Spaces cuarsels papillose,
 13-tb 1,
 HABIsuTAT: On sandysorelay sols.
 DISTRmIBUTON: Communthroaghout loida.


           Diteichum currituckii Genus PLATE lb
 Plants smaller than shutse of D. pallidum but utherwsise mush like it
 is the field. Leaves lung, slendee, channeled abuse, finely seethed as tip;
 cesta about three-fourths of the wvidth of the base and oceupyilug almst all
uf the upper past; upper leaf cells fusiferm, 4-6: 1, becoming egularly
ectangular and sheeter below-, severalrosen-senasroe ellslforming an
indistinct border. beta sed us seddish-yelluow, abut 1 cm leng; capsule
cylindric, slightly inclined, asymmetric, wvith a conspicuous swvelling at
the base; caluptra nut seen; operculums cenia, beaked; annulus a single
sets of large, yellowvish, inflated cells; peristoeus as in D. pallidtus except
that she teeth ass sbuster. Spuseresasely papilluse, 20-24 p.
HA-ITaAT: On moist sands sail.
DISTRIBUTION: Knusws from a fewv loasions in thse southassern
United States. Probably uch commener than recorsashon-.
Flurida: Columbia, Jeffesn, Libserty, Taylur, Volusia Cunties.



101          MOSSES OF FLORIDOA

             DICRANACEAE
 Plants grooving in toats oe tufts, beigbt geeen to dull yellow-green; stems
beanching edichotomously, densely leafy, tonentose. Leases lanceolate,
straight and erect to cuesed and turned in sue direction; costa stoat, pee-
current to excuerent, sometimes eibbed on back; upper cells shoot, rec-
tangolar to ehomboidal, usually naretovet at macgin; basal cells larger,
longer, often pitted; cells io aloe region laege, ioflated and colored, 00
merely eloogated. Monoicous or dioicous, Sctaostraight oecureod; copsule
erect and symtmctric to curved and asymmoetoic, sometimesoswitb a swellitng
at she base; calvptea split on one side, often roungb at apex;opru     m
beaked; annulus large, poorly developed or absent; peristome single, of
16 teeth usually divided one-half or more of their length, banded below,
papillose above.
               Eu so CENEnA
5. Ccitt in aa region not conspicuouslyecnlarged 00 inlatcd; perittome teethen
  sloe or divided atmoet so the bate- - - - Diceauctia
1. Celtt in aloe region inflatw1, hyaaine or cood; peoitome tceth divided ahout
  kalftir length
  2. Cetta one-thirdt oe mace wsidth soO heat ae, fluttened in croon tectono...-
                                 Canevicce,,
  2. Cotta tens than one-thied width of leaf hate, chick, semiciecuar is croon
     se tin......................- - ---Diceaono,

               DICR1ANELLA
  Plants small, yellowvish, geoving in loose tufts or mats on sanely or clay
soils; stems erct, hronching. Leaves lanceolate-acutninate, the lowee ones
small and distant, becoming laeger and cerowded near apes, erect-spread-
ing uo curved; costa steong, peecurront to escuerento, sometinmes rougb on
back neac apex; uppee leaf cells quadoate to linear, smooth, thick-wcalled,
basal cells laoger and longer. Dioicous. Seta eect, soraigho, yellowv to
teddish beatwn; capsules exseeted, spherical to cylindeic, erect and sym-
moetoic to cntved and somewhat asymmetric; opeeculum long-beaked;
annulus peesent or absent; perisoome teeth yellaow or eed, undivided or
divided well belooc the middle, veetically bared belowv, popillose abuse, oe
papillose ovee entlice length; stomata absent. Spaces smooth o papillose,
13-24  s.

1. tLeafiapexblun, scoaovanishianghelow it;ocpsleerct andtsymntci;oannulus
  well developed; stt yeloes
  2. Leaf aces entie.......------------       ---_.---......0. hemniieri
  2. Leaf aces toothed
    3. Peristome tookh cod, disided three-quarter of their length, vertically
    batted below, papiloste above. . ..... El....... hilariaoa
    3. Peristome teeth yellow, moty entice, not booted, hat dentely papillose
                               D. ephaeeocarpa


18           MOOSSES OF ELOROIDA

             DICRANACEAE
 Plants geoweing in mats at tufts, height green to doll yellowv-green; stems
branching dichotomously, densely leafy, tomentose. Leaves lanceolate,
straight and cocos to curved and turned in one direction; costa stout, pee-
curreno to excurrent, sometimes ribbed on back; uppec cells shoot, rec-
tangular to ohomboidal, usually narowoer at margin; basal cells larger,
longee, often pitted; cells~ in aloe regin large, inglated and enlaced, 00
moerely elongated. M\onoicons ordiicous. Seta stroight 00 curved; ca psole
erectoand symmetic tcurvsed andasymsaetric,sonetimceswith a swelling
at the base; calyptca split on one stide, often cough at apes; aporculum
beaked; annulus laege, paoly developed at absent; peristuome single, of
t6 teeth usually divided one-half sor mote of oheir length, handed below,
papillose ahove.
               KEn no CGENR
1. Cellsinoalarttcion ntonsicuouslyvenagcdorinflted;eriiomeeeth en-
   to divided almott to the ho- -..........---------------------Diceanolla
t. Cells tin aloe region mnfloed, hvaline or cood; pertiuome tookh divided about
  halO their length
  2. Cocoa onec-third or mace width of teaf bate, flaeet tnos sttectin.
                                 Caweyhsoo
  2. Cotta lett than one-thiod ewidth of loaf bate, thick, semicitcularinecoss
     -etoO---------                eirnmoo

               DICRANELLA
  Plants otnoil, yellowsvih, growing in louse tufts or mats on sandy yor cloty
soils; sftems ercc, bratnching. Leaves laneonlate-acuiminat, the lower ones
smalloand distant,kbcosming largeroand crovded nearoapes,cereet-spead-
tog to curvedl; costa stng, percurrent to excurent, sometimes rougtt on
back 0000 apes; upper leaf cells quadoate so linear, somth, thick-ovalled,
basal cells laeget and longer. Dioicous. Solo crect, straight, tellowc so
teddish browtn; capsutoes eserted, tphorical so ctylindoic, erect and sy-m-
moetoic to curved and somewhcat asymmetric; opeoculutm long-beaked;
annulus prcsent or absent; perisome teeth yellow or cod, undivided 00
divided n-elf below the middle, verticolly barred below, papillose above, sor
papillose aver entice length; stomata absent. Spates smooth or papillose,
13-24 .

1. Leaf aces blunt, cot vanishing heo wit; cauetoeect and tymmetric; annulust
  sell developed; ste vellowc
  2. Leafoaexoentire- - - - - - - -O.................................henaii
  2. Loaf apcenteoted
    3. Peristome teeth red, divided thrn-qarers of their cncth, vetically
    bareted hbow, capillose above..-----------------0........ . hilariana
    3. Perittome teeth vellow, mottle entie, not bareed, hat dentely papilloe
                               D. tspharocarpa


1S


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


             DICRANACEAE
 Plants growsing in mats at tufts, height grten to doll yellowv-green; stems
 branching dichotomously, densely leafy, tumentuse. Leaves lanceolate,
 staight and cocct to curved and tuoned in one dirction; costa stoat, pee-
 cocoons to escurrent, sometimes rihbed on hock; upper cells shoot, rec-
 tangolar to rhomboidal, usually narroerc as macgin; basal cells laoger,
 longee, often pitted; cells in aloe region large, inflated and enlaced, 00
tmeoely elongated. bMonoicous 00 dioicous. Seta straight or curved; capsule
erectandosymmnetrtiocurednd asymmetic,someimsessvithasvclling
at ste base; calyptra split on one side, often rough 00 apes; specus
beak ed; annulus large, poorly developed nor absent; peristome single, of
16 teeth usually divided one-half or mote of thecir length, banded belowe,
papillose above.
               EY so GEoNA
1. Collt in aloe region not conspicuusl enlaned or inflated; eristame sooth en-
  site or divided almost to the bate...--- - .- Diceasella
1. Cells in atat cention inflased, hyaline or coloed; perictome teetb divided about
  halO their length
  2. Cnot one-third sor mso wtidth nof teaf base, fltOnsd in cos section.on
  2. Costa lett than one-third wsidth of teat bate, chick, temicirculareincrott
     -et o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -. . - - - - - - - - - - - -D i n o n

               DICRIANELLA
  Plants small, yelowish, gronig in loose tufts sor mat ton sandy at cloe
soils; stems erco, boanching. Leaves lancceolate-acuminate, the loycer 0000
smtalland distant,hecomcing larerand cro-eldnearoapex, eect-spread-
keg toucsrved;nosta strong, percurttoecuret, soetimescoughuon
kook near apes; opper leaf cells quadoate to lineat, smooth, thick-waolled,
basil cells larger andI longee. Dioicous. Solo coccI, straight, yellosw so
reddish berown; capontles eseted, spherical to cylindric, cocct and sym-
tnetric to curved and somewhat asymlmetric; operculcum long-beabed;
annulus present or absent; perisome teeth yellow or cod, undivided 00
divided oct11 belowe the middle, vertically batted belowe, papillose aove, 00
papillose over entire lengthc; stomtata absent. Spates sooth or papillose,
13-240 .

1. LeoO aces blunt, cosoa vanishing below it; captulet ercst and symmetic;anus
  well deeloped; ceta yellnow
  2. Loaf apes entice-.......---..-----------.--------------0D. hermnieri
  2. Loaf aces toothed
    3. Peristame teeth cod, divided thee-quarersotfa their lennth, vetically
    basted below, papilloe above..- -___  _----0--   .   . hilariana
    3. Peritiume sooth yellowe, mostly entite, ot hatred, hoc dentely papiloe
                               D. spheocarpa



DIC RANAC EAE


19                   DIC RANACEAE


19


1. Leaf apex acute, costa percurrent to excurrent; capsules inclined and somewhat
  asymmetric; annulus absent or poorly developed; seta reddish
  2. Costa shortly excurrent; mouth of capsule oblique when dry; annulus pres-
  ent but  poorly  defined........................................................_ D .  heterom alla
  2. Costa percurrent; mouth of capsule straight; annulus absent..-......... varia


1. Leaf apex acute, costa percurrent to excurrent; capsules inclined and somewhat
  asymmetric; annulus absent or poorly developed; seta reddish
  2. Costa shortly excurrent; mouth of capsule oblique when dry; annulus pres-
  ent but poorly defined......D. heteronalla
  2. Costa percurrent; mouth of capsule straight; annulus absent..-....._.D. varia


Dicranella herminieri Besch.


PLATE 18


Dicranella herminieri Besch.


PLATE 18


  Plants in loose, yellowish mats, stems occasionally branching. Terminal
leaves curved, lanceolate, gradually narrowed to an obtuse, entire apex;
costa ending 1-2 cells below apex; median leaf cells rectangular, 4-6: 1;
basal cells larger, 2-3: 1. Seta 5-8 mm long, yellow; capsule ovoid, erect,
symmetric; operculum long-beaked, beak curved; annulus of 1-2 rows of
large, inflated cells; peristome teeth split about two-thirds their length.
Spores papillose, 16-24 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy or clay soil.
  DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; southeastern
coastal plain of the United States.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Santa Rosa, Semi-
nole Counties.

         Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt.         PLATE 18
  Plants in loose, pale yellowish-green mats, stems simple or branched.
Leaves erect-spreading, sometimes curved at tips, slenderly lanceolate, with
a blunt, toothed apex, margins often recurved; costa stout, ending 2-3 cells
below apex, rough on back near tip; upper leaf cells quadrate to short-
rectangular, gradually becoming longer, at mid-leaf 2-3: 1, basal cells
much longer, almost colorless. Seta flexuous, 5-10 mm long, yellow, be-
coming brownish when old; capsule erect or nearly so, short-cylindric;
calyptra hood-shaped, covering about half the capsule; operculmn conic,
beaked; annulus well developed; peristome teeth red, divided about three-
fourths their length, barred below, papillose above. Spores papillose,
13-18 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America.
  Florida: Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Man-
atee, Polk, Seminole Counties.

          Dicranella sphaerocarpa Card. PLATE 19
  Plants smallest of the genus, pale yellowish-green; stems simple or
branched. Lower stem leaves small, triangular; upper leaves 2-3 times as
long, slenderly lanceolate, acuminate, apex obtuse, finely toothed. Capsule
erect, spherical; operculum conic, beaked, the beak oblique; annulus con-


  Plants in loose, yellowish mats, stems occasionally branching. Terminal
leaves curved, lanceolate, gradually narrowed to an obtuse, entire apex;
costa ending 1-2 cells below apex; median leaf cells rectangular, 4-6: 1;
basal cells larger, 2-3: 1. Seta 5-8 mm long, yellow; capsule ovoid, erect,
symmetric; operculum long-beaked, beak curved; annulus of 1-2 rows of
large, inflated cells; peristome teeth split about two-thirds their length.
Spores papillose, 16-24 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy or clay soil.
  DISTRIEUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; southeastern
coastal plain of the United States.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Santa Rosa, Semi-
nole Counties.

         Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt.         PLATE 18
  Plants in loose, pale yellowish-green mats, stems simple or branched.
Leaves crect-spreading, sometimes curved at tips, slenderly lanceolate, with
a blunt, toothed apex, margins often recurved; costa stout, ending 2-3 cells
below apex, rough on back near tip; upper leaf cells quadrate to short-
rectangular, gradually becoming longer, at mid-leaf 2-3: 1, basal cells
much longer, almost colorless. Seta flexuous, 5-10 mm long, yellow, be-
coming brownish when old; capsule erect or nearly so, short-celindric;
calyptra hood-shaped, covering about half the capsule; operculum conic,
beaked; annulus well developed; peristome teeth red, divided about three-
fourths their length, barred below, papillose above. Spores papillose,
13-18 p.
  HAnTAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America.
  Florida: Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Man-
atee, Polk, Seminole Counties.

          Dicraela Sshaerocarpa Card. PLATE 19
  Plants smallest of the genus, pale yellowish-green; stems simple or
branched. Lower stem leaves small, triangular; upper leaves 2-3 times as
long, slenderly lanceolate, acuminate, apex obtuse, finely toothed. Capsule
erect, spherical; operculum conic, beaked, the beak oblique; annulus con-


               DICRANACEAE           19
1. Leaf apex acute, costa percurrent to excurrent; capsules inclined and somewhat
  asymmetric; annulus absent or poorly developed; seta reddish
  2. Costa shortly excurrent; mouth of capsule oblique when dry; annulus pres-
    ent but poorly defined _ .. heteronalla
  2. Costa percurrent; mouth of capsule straight; annulus absent.o_h. . cD. varia

           Dicranella herminieri Besch. PLATE 18
 Plants in loose, yellowish mats, stems occasionally branching. Terminal
leaves curved, lanceolate, gradually narrowed to an obtuse, entire apex;
costa ending 1-2 cells below apex; median leaf cells rectangular, 4-6:1;
basal cells larger, 2-3:1. Seta 5-8 mm long, yellow; capsule ovoid, erect,
symmetric; operculum long-beaked, beak curved; annulus of 1-2 rows of
large, inflated cells; peristome teeth split about two-thirds their length.
Spores papillose, 16-24 p.
HABITAT: On sandy or clay soil.
  DISTRIEUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; southeastern
coastal plain of the United States.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seni-
cole Counties.

         Dicranela hildriana (Mont.) Mitt. PLATE 18
  Plants in loose, pale yellowish-green mats, stems simple or branched.
Leaves erect-spreading, sometimes curved at tips, slenderly lanceolate, with
a blunt, toothed apex, margins often recurved; costa stout, ending 2-3 cells
below apex, rough on back near tip; upper leaf cells quadrate to short-
rectangular, gradually becoming longer, at mid-leaf 2-3:1, basal cells
much longer, almost colorless. Seta flexuous, 5-10 mm long, yellow, be-
coming brownish when old; capsule erect or nearly so, short-cylindric;
calyptra hood-shaped, covering about half the capsule; operculum conic,
beaked; annulus well developed; peristome teeth red, divided about three-
fourths their length, barred below, papillose above. Spores papillose,
13-18 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America.
  Florida: Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Man-
atee, Polk, Seminole Counties.

          Dicranella shaerocarpa Card. PLATE 19
  Plants smallest of the genus, pale yellowish-green; stems simple or
branched. Lower stem leaves small, triangular; upper leaves 2-3 times as
long, slenderly lanceolate, acuminate, apex obtuse, finely toothed. Capsule
erect, spherical; operculum conic, beaked, the beak oblique; annulus con-



20           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
spicuous; peristome teeth short, usually undivided, yellow, densely papil-
lose. Spores papillose, 13-17 p.
  HABITAT: Clay soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico, Mexico.
  Florida: Known only from Leon County.

       Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp.         PLATE 19
 Plants in toose yellowish mats; stems branching. Leaves curved, slen-
 derly lanceolate, narrowed to a slender tip consisting almost entirely of
 the costa, rough on back in upper half; upper and median leaf cells 2: 1,
 becoming longer toward base. Perichaetial and perigonial leaves with con-
 spicuously broader base and long, slender awn. Seta reddish, erect; capsule
 slightly inclined and asymmetric, cylindric, mouth oblique on old dry
 capsules; operculum long-beaked, nearly as long as urn; annulus poorly
 developed and often overlooked; peristome teeth divided half their length,
 barred in lower half, papillose above. Spores smooth, 13-18 pt.
 HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Hardee, Highlands, Leon,
 Manatee, Polk, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

         Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 19
 Plants yellowish-green, loosely tufted, stems branched. Leaves curved,
 lanceolate, finely toothed at apex; costa percurrent; median leaf cells nar-
 rowly rectangular, 4-8:1, shorter and broader toward base. Seta reddish,
 erect; capsule cylindric, slightly inclined and asymmetric, contracted be-
low mouth when dry; operculum conic, beaked; annulus absent; peristome
as in D. heteronzalla. Spores papillose, 16-20 p.
HAEITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Escambia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Washington Counties.

               CAM PYLOP US
 Plants coarse, in compact tufts, stems matted below with brown rad-
 icles, branching. Leaves straight or curved, spreading, narrowed from
 an ovate base to a slender, channeled, coarsely toothed point. Costa broad,
 occupying one-third to one-half the width of the base, and filling most
 of the upper leaf, percurrent to excurrent, sometimes ribbed on the back,
 and in cross section showing small thick-walled cells on the lower or on
 both sides of a row or two of large thin-walled cells; upper leaf cells
 short-rectangular to linear-rhomboidal, usually narrower along the margin,
 gradually becoming larger below; inner basal cells rectangular, sometimes


20           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
spicuous; peristome teeth short, usually undivided, yellow, densely papil-
lose. Spores papillose, 13-17 p.
  HABITAT: Clay soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico, Mexico.
  Florida: Known only from Leon County.

       Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 19
 Plants in loose yellowish mats; stems branching. Leaves curved, slen-
 derly lanceolate, narrowed to a slender tip consisting almost entirely of
 the costa, rough on back in upper half; upper and median leaf cells 2:1,
 becoming longer toward base. Perichaetial and perigonial leaves with con-
 spicuously broader base and long, slender awn. Seta reddish, erect; capsule
 slightly inclined and asymmetric, cylindric, mouth oblique on old dry
 capsules; operculum long-beaked, nearly as long as urn; annulus poorly
 developed and often overlooked; peristome teeth divided half their length,
 barred in lower half, papillose above. Spores smooth, 13-18 It.
 HAEITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Hardee, Highlands, Leon,
 Manatee, Polk, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

         Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 19
 Plants yellowish-green, loosely tufted, stems branched. Leaves curved,
 lanceolate, finely toothed at apex; costa percurrent; median leaf cells nar-
 rowly rectangular, 4-8: 1, shorter and broader toward base. Seta reddish,
erect; capsule cylindric, slightly inclined and asymmetric, contracted be-
low mouth when dry; operculum conic, beaked; annulus absent; peristome
as in D. heteromalla. Spores papillose, 16-20 pe.
HAITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Escambia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Washington Counties.

               CAMPYLOPUS
 Plants coarse, in compact tufts, stems matted below with brown rad-
icles, branching. Leaves straight or curved, spreading, narrowed from
an ovate base to a slender, channeled, coarsely toothed point. Costa broad,
occupying one-third to one-half the width of the base, and filling most
of the upper leaf, percurrent to excurrent, sometimes ribbed on the back,
and in cross section showing small thick-walled cells on the lower or on
both sides of a row or two of large thin-walled cells; upper leaf cells
short-rectangular to linear-rhomboidal, usually narrower along the margin,
gradually becoming larger below; inner basal cells rectangular, sometimes


20


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


spicuous; peristome teeth short, usually undivided, yellow, densely papil-
lose. Spores papillose, 13-17 p.
  HAE1TAT: Clay soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico, Mexico.
  Florida: Known only from Leon County.

       Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp.        PLATE 19
  Plants in loose yellowish mats; stems branching. Leaves curved, slen-
derly lanceolate, narrowed to a slender tip consisting almost entirely of
the costa, rough on back in upper half; upper and median leaf cells 2:1,
becoming longer toward base. Perichaetial and perigonial leaves with con-
spicuously broader base and long, slender awn. Seta reddish, erect; capsule
slightly inclined and asymmetric, cylindric, mouth oblique on old dry
capsules; operculum long-beaked, nearly as long as urn; annulus poorly
developed and often overlooked; peristome teeth divided half their length,
barred in lower half, papillose above. Spores smooth, 13-18 p.
  HABITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Hardee, Highlands, Leon,
Manatee, Polk, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

         Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 19
  Plants yellowish-green, loosely tufted, stems branched. Leaves curved,
lanceolate, finely toothed at apex; costa percurrent; median leaf cells nar-
rowly rectangular, 4-8: 1, shorter and broader toward base. Seta reddish,
erect; capsule cylindric, slightly inclined and asymmetric, contracted be-
low mouth when dry; operculum conic, beaked; annulus absent; peristome
as in D. heteromalla. Spores papillose, 16-20 p.
HanITAT: On sandy or clay soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Escambia, Gadsden, Jack-
son, Washington Counties.

               CAMPYLOPUS
 Plants coarse, in compact tufts, stems matted below with brown rad-
 icles, branching. Leaves straight or curved, spreading, narrowed from
 an ovate base to a slender, channeled, coarsely toothed point. Costa broad,
 occupying one-third to one-half the width of the base, and filling most
 of the upper leaf, percurrent to excurrent, sometimes ribbed on the back,
 and in cross section showing small thick-walled cells on the lower or on
 both sides of a row or two of large thin-walled cells; upper leaf cells
 shortrectangular to linear-rhomboidal, usually narrower along the margin,
 gradually becoming larger below; inner basal cells rectangular, sometimes



DICRANACEAE


21                   DICRtANACEAE


21


thick-stalled and pitted; cells in alar tegion sees large, inflated, healine
en celoed, extending tn essta, usually sharplv set off from the cells abase.
Dioicoss. Mbatece capasules net feend in Florida spectimens examined.
1. Badaofsall thick-walled cells (in ctasssectin)aonboth sidestof caste;
  cells next to costa abase she ieflated basal cells thick-nailed and pitted; aces
  shoet, stoee .s - - - - - - - --....................................C. arctoa rpus
i. Bandsofosmallstick-walledccls(icroesssectin) onuneeesideeofcosta
  eely; cells aboeinlated basal cells notspitted; apex slender
  2. Termsieal celilofcoatachalin, soetimetesring abhi-pint;cstaith
    censpiccous lasmllaeeee ibseonlback; celtsisalareieneakliidiffee-
    tlated.........             .C. intoe fleaus
  2. Teerminal cell of leases set hyaline
    3. Medias teai cellstlinear-flexcess, 5-6:1 as lesger, sectoer tenwaed
    seargie ___-.................-. C. angcatietie
    a. Mtedian leaf cells tsctangutartotchomsbida, 2-4:
    4. Msedian celseupte 4:1, rectasgelae, is regular tees; apes teetheed
       alt e  el ar u d ........  ....................  ....... .de ne i i
     4. Median cells cot aces 2:
       0. 2-3ersws of recangasicelhsaleent aein, becomingehosbidal
         teward caste; meetsn seethed oe-hablt te ene-third thenway dewn
                               C. gracilicaslie
       5. Cells regetasly rectangelat fee entice width of lamine; mealsi
         teethed  at  apes  snip...---._.__  .............C.  fae st~

     Campynps arcfocarpuse (Honsch.) Mite. PLATE 20
 Plants in height glossy green tufts; stems hcanching, with brnon reel-
icles aleost is the tip. Leaves croeded, erct-spceading oe catted is n
direction, gradualle narrotted finom a broad base to a sheet, stoet, toathed
a pee; caste excerrent, rosgh en heck, is cress section shawing a cost tf
small thick-stailed cells en bath sides of the larger thin-stalled cells; spaec
past og leaf bledesnaccen, cells qsadcate-rhnmboidal, 2-3;:1, teedian cells
adjacent to caste irregularly quadeate, becoemisg lenger, and regslarle
rectangular, and nactoswee along macgin; batal cells in regelar co-a, thick-
stalled, pitted scat costa; cells sin alar regios lasger bst set inflated, orange,
quadtate to cectangular, beceming narrower along macgin.
HABITAT: Os aid stemps and humes, and at bases ef livingacypeess
tees, cepess sotamps.
DISaTRIBUTION: Jamaica, Dominican Rlepublic, Mlexica, Centtal Amnr-
ice, Soth America.
Flecida: Pranklin, Liberte Ceuetics.

       Campyflopus introflexuas (Hefiw.) Brid. PLATE 21
 Plants stiff and almost bristly, gceenish yellow, dashes belost. Leases
 pressed close to stem or erect-spseading, nasreevls tapeting fcnm base to
 apex, incurved and tebulac abate; costa at least half the svidtb of the leaf
 base, excurreent in atothed, beeline tip wthich sometimees forms a bale-
 point, nith conspicuoss lamellae en hack is upper half of leaf, in cress


thick-stalled and pitied; cells in alac region v eey lasge, inflated, heyaline
as colosed, extending so costa, usually sharply set off feom the cells aboe.
Dioicos. Mlatueecaposiles coo foand is Florida specimens examsined.


1.


1.


floods of emall thick-walled cells (in ars s seasion) oboth sides of cotta;
clsnest to caste above she infated basal catls thick-walled sod easted; apes
sheet, stt_ ....----.     ..------- _---. ..----- C. arceocarpus
Blandsaoftmalltikswalled cellst(inossecion) onsondersidesofaosta
sonly, cells above inflated basal cellh enst pitsed; apes slendet
2. Terminalcellsofacstbabhane, smetmetsefoigahai-poit;aotaih
  conspicuous lamellac or dibs on back; cells is ales region weably differen-
  .it d ... .................... .......C . introflexus
2. Terminal cell at leaves not hyaline
  3. Mtedian teal cells lincas-flexuous, 5-6:1 oe loner, caor setsos-acd
    moargin ....-..-------------- ..........._-_------  C. anguseiretis
  3. Median teal calls rectangulareothomtbida, 24-i
    4. Median cells op to 4:1, recanguela, in regular toot; aces tootbed
    all around...................----- - -._.--_.._...C. donoclii
    4. Me~dian cells cot over 2: 1
    5. 2-3 owsoftectangulea ellsaongemarin, becomingehombidal
       towardacosta; mattis teethed one-halt toone-tid thcewa dewn
                             C. graciicadis
     5. Cells regularly rectangulae tee entie width of lemina; margin
       toothed at apes only. --_-------- ..C. fleauos

    Camptyflopus arctocapus (Horntch.) Mire. Fe.AvE 20


               etCROANACEAE          21

thick-n-ailed and pitted; cel in alas teglon sacs large, inflated, beeline
ocolored, extending so costa, usualle sharply set off froms she cenls above.
Dioicos. latereacapsles sot found in Florida specimens examined.
1. Bands at small thicb-walled cells (in cross seation) on bode sides of costs;
   cellset so caste abate the inflated basal eells thick-walled and pitsed; apes
   shoets, out - - - - - -------------- C. aectocaeps
1. Bandofslmalltick-w-aldclls (incrss sectisn) ooonersddesifsta
  sobl; cellsoaboveinflated basal cellsnotpiesd; apessleder
  2. ITerminal cell of costa hyalin, sometimes forming a hale-poles; caste nitb
    cospicuous lamellac e elkrs as back; cells in alas eglo esabksy diffeen-
    Siated _______              C. inoflexs
  2. iTermise1 cell of leases ot hyaline
    0. Median teal cellh linae-flexuous, 0-6:i oe longee, nareower sensed
    margin - - -  -  --........................._ .- -------C. angusirets
    a. Medics teal cells rtanagutareorchombida, 2-4:1
    4. Medianc ells op to 4:1, rectangula, is regular roats; aces teethed
       alt aroend - - - - - --.................................C. dannalii
     4. Median celsth ovesac 2: 1
       5. 2-3 os of rectangulartcellsalong magin,becosighombidal
         toward cos; maegin tootked se-baift, oe-third eke nap down
                               C. gacaiass
       5. Calls egularly setangular toe entice width of lamina; mactin
         toothed  at  apes  snip - -    -    --......................C,  flcxuoos

     Campyfopus arctocars/o (Hornsch.) Mitt. PLATO 20
 Plants in bright gloassy grecn tefts; stems beaching, w iths brown cad-
idles almst to the tip, Leaves crotwded, eeect-spreading os ctsvad in ace
direction, gradually narroswed from a broad base to a sheet, atoet, toothed
apex; costa excurrent, sough en back, is cress section shosingacroe of
small thick-wvalled cells en both slates of the larger this-wsailed cells; upper
past of leaf blade naeron, cogls quadrate-rhomboida, 2-3: 1, msedian cells
adjacent to costs irregularly quadrate, becoming longer, and reglarly
rectangular, and nareoerc along macgin; basal cella in regular coos, thick-
stalled, pitted neat costa; cells in alas segion laeger but not inflated, orange,
quadrate to rectangula, becoming nascoe atlong moargin.
HABITAT: On old stomps and homes, and at bases of lkving cypress
tees, as-prss sotamps.
DISscTRBTION: Jamtaica, Domsinican Repeblic, Mexico, Central Amec-
lea, Sooth America.
Florida; Franklin, ibet Counties.

       Campyfospe intfleusna (Hrdw.) Bid. PLAcE 21
 Plants stiff end almost bristly, greenish yellow, darker below. Leaes  
 pressed cloe to stem cc erect-spseading, narrowtl- tapering from bae to
 apex, iscurvedl sod labeler ao ve; costs at least half the width of the leaf
 bae, excurrentlin a toothed, hyaline tip wthich sometimes forms a haic-
 point, nith cospicuos lamellae on back in upper half of leaf, is cress


Fleets in bright glosse green tufta; stes hranching, with beawnseed-
icles almoste to the tip. Leaves conded, erect-spreadinge as curvad is one
dirction, gradualle nareonad tram a broad bass to a asot, stool, toothed
apes; costa escurrent, rough en hack, is areas section sbowting a cow of
small shick-wvalled cells on both sides of the larger thin-nailed cells; uppee
past of leaf blade narrowt, cells quadrate-rhomboidal, 2-3; 1, median cells
adjacent to costa irregularly quadrate, becomting longer, and regutlarle
rectangultar, and narreower along macgin; basal cells in regular toots, thick-
oalled, pitted seat costa; cells in alas region larger bet net inflated, orange,
quadrate to rectangular, becoming cassoee along margin.
HABcITAT: Os ski stomps and humus, and at bases of livinsgcypress
  t escpress sn-amps.
  DISaRIBsON: Jamaica, Dominican Repeblic, Meoxico, Central Ames-
tea, booth America.
Florida: Franklin, Liberte Counties.

       Campyflopus intrfexuas (Hrdw.) Beld. PrAE 21
 Plants stiff and almost bristly, greenish yeltlow, darker belowt. Leaves
 pressed cloetso stem or erect-spreading, nacrowtly tapering front kbase to
 apex, incueved and tubular above; costa at least half the wsidth of the leaf
 base, excureet in a teethed, beeline tip wvhich sometimes forsra hair-
 point, wvith cospicuous lamellae on hack is upper half of leaf, in cress



22           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

section showing bands of small thick-walled cells only on lower side of
costa; median cells short-rhomboidal to oval; cells in alar region variable,
inconspicuous and hyaline to inflated and colored, often forming auricles.
  HABITAT: On sandy soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Seminole, Washington Counties.

  Campylopus angustiretis (Aust.) Lesq. & James PLATE 21
  Plants small, in loose tufts, leaves crowded above. Leaves pressed close
to the stem, straight, lanceolate, larger at tip of stem; costa one-third to
one-half the vidth of the base, short-excurrent, toothed at apex, some-
times slightly ribbed on back; upper leaf cells linear-flexuous, 5-6: 1 or
more, narrower at margin; basal cells large, rectangular, becoming nar-
rower toward margin, and forming a border of 2-3 rows; cells in alar
region thin-walled, inflated, hyaline or reddish, forming distinct auricles.
HABITAT: Sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Lee, Manatee, St. Lucie, Seminole
Counties.

    Campylopus donnellii (Aust.) Lesq. & James PLATE 22
  Campylopus gracilicaulis var. donnellii (Aust.) Grout
  Plants bright yellow-green; leaves in compact tufts at tips of stems, the
upper longer than the lower. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, costa excurrent,
tip slender, toothed all around; leaf blade at mid-point narrow, of regu-
larly rectangular cells 2-4: 1, margin finely toothed to entire; cells in alar
region thin-walled, inflated, often reddish.
HABITAT: On sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Highlands, Leon, Pinel-
las, Putnam Counties.

          Campylopus gracilicaulis Mitt. PLATE 22
 Plants in glossy yellowish-green tufts, with upper leaves crowded. Leaves
 narrowly lanceolate, toothed about one-third the distance from apex; costa
 one-third or more width of base, excurrent, rough on back; median leaf
 blade 6-10 cells wide, cells regularly rectangular, not over 2: 1, becoming
rhomboidal next to the costa; cells just above alar region rectangular,
thick-walled, unpitted, narrower along margin; alar region small, distinct,
composed of thin-walled, inflated, hyaline to reddish cells.
HABITAT: Sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, South America.
Florida: Collier, Escambia, Gadsden, Highlands, Lee, Leon, Manatee,
Marion, Seminole Counties.


22          MOSSES OF FLORIDA              22


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


section showing bands of small thick-walled cells only on lower side of
costa; median cells short-rhomboidal to oval; cells in alar region variable,
inconspicuous and hyaline to inflated and colored, often forming auricles.
  HABITAT: On sandy soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Seminole, Washington Counties.

  Campylopus angustiretis (Aust.) Lesq. & James PLATE 21
  Plants small, in loose tufts, leaves crowded above. Leaves pressed close
to the stem, straight, lanceolate, larger at tip of stem; costa one-third to
one-half the width of the base, short-excurrent, toothed at apex, some-
times slightly ribbed on back; upper leaf cells linear-flexuous, 5-6: 1 or
more, narrower at margin; basal cells large, rectangular, becoming nar-
rower toward margin, and forming a border of 2-3 rows; cells in alar
region thin-walled, inflated, hyaline or reddish, forming distinct auricles.
HABITAT: Sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Lee, Manatee, St. Lucie, Seminole
Counties.

    Campylopus donnellii (Aust.) Lesq. & James PLATE 22
  Campylopus gracilicaulis var. donnellii (Aust.) Grout
  Plants bright yellow-green; leaves in compact tufts at tips of stems, the
upper longer than the lower. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, costa excurrent,
tip slender, toothed all around; leaf blade at mid-point narrow, of regu-
larly rectangular cells 2-4: 1, margin finely toothed to entire; cells in alar
region thin-walled, inflated, often reddish.
HABITAT: On sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Highlands, Leon, Pinel-
las, Putnam Counties.

          Campylopus gracilicaulis Mitt. PLATE 22
 Plants in glossy yellowish-green tufts, with upper leaves crowded. Leaves
 narrowly lanceolate, toothed about one-third the distance from apex; costa
 one-third or more width of base, excurrent, rough on back; median leaf
 blade 6-10 cells wide, cells regularly rectangular, not over 2: 1, becoming
rhomboidal next to the costa; cells just above alar region rectangular,
thick-walled, unpitted, narrower along margin; alar region small, distinct,
composed of thin-walled, inflated, hyaline to reddish cells.
HABITAT: Sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, South America.
Florida: Collier, Escambia, Gadsden, Highlands, Lee, Leon, Manatee,
Marion, Seminole Counties.


section showing bands of small thick-walled cells only on lower side of
costa; median cells short-rhomboidal to oval; cells in alar region variable,
inconspicuous and hyaline to inflated and colored, often forming auricles.
  HA1ITAT: On sandy soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Seminole, Washington Counties.

  Campy/opus angustiretis (Aust.) Lesq. & James PLATE 21
  Plants small, in loose tufts, leaves crowded above. Leaves pressed close
to the stem, straight, lanceolate, larger at tip of stem; costa one-third to
one-half the width of the base, short-excurrent, toothed at apex, some-
times slightly ribbed on back; upper leaf cells linear-flexuous, 5-6: 1 or
more, narrower at margin; basal cells large, rectangular, becoming nar-
rower toward margin, and forming a border of 2-3 rows; cells in alar
region thin-walled, inflated, hyaline or reddish, forming distinct auricles.
HABITAT: Sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Lee, Manatee, St. Lucie, Seminole
Counties.

    Campylopus donnellii (Aust.) Lesq. & James PLATE 22
  Campylopus gracilicaulis var. donnellii (Aut.) Grout
  Plants bright yellow-green; leaves in compact tufts at tips of stems, the
upper longer than the lower. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, costa excurrent,
tip slender, toothed all around; leaf blade at mid-point narrow, of regu-
larly rectangular cells 2-4: 1, margin finely toothed to entire; cells in alar
region thin-walled, inflated, often reddish.
HABITAT: On sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Highlands, Leon, Pinel-
las, Putnam Counties.

          Campylopus gracilicaulis Mitt. PLATE 22
 Plants in glossy yellowish-green tufts, with upper leaves crowded. Leaves
 narrowly lanceolate, toothed about one-third the distance from apex; costa
 one-third or more width of base, excurrent, rough on back; median leaf
 blade 6-10 cells wide, cells regularly rectangular, not over 2: 1, becoming
rhomboidal next to the costa; cells just above alar region rectangular,
thick-walled, unpitted, narrower along margin; alar region small, distinct,
composed of thin-walled, inflated, hyaline to reddish cells.
HABITAT: Sandy soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, South America.
Florida: Collier, Escambia, Gadsden, Highlands, Lee, Leon, Manatee,
Marion, Seminole Counties.



LEUCOBRYACEAE


23


LEUCOERYACEAE


23


TEUCOBRBYACE AE


23


        Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 20
 Plants in compact tufts, upper leaves not crowded. Leaves erect to
 curved in one direction, lanceolate, margin often inrolled, entire except
 at the slender apex; costa about half the width of base, percurrent; median
 leaf cells short-rectangular, about 2:1, narrower toward margin; lower
 cells above alar region large, rectangular, unpitted; cells in alar region
 thin-walled, inflated, reddish, forming auricles.
 HAB1TAT: Sandy soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Gulf, Liberty, St. Lucie, Volusia,
 Walton Counties.
                DICRANUM

          Dicranum condensatum Hedw. PLATE 23
  Plants bright yellow-green, darker below, in compact sods matted with
brown radicles, 2-4 cm tall. Leaves curved in one direction or straight,
crisped when dry, oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a channeled,
acute, toothed apex; costa narrow, less than one-fourth the width of the
leaf base, percurrent to slightly excurrent, prominently toothed at back,
cross section showing bands of small thick-walled cells on both lower and
upper sides; upper leaf cells thick-walled; median cells smaller, isodia-
metric or nearly so; small area of thick-walled, pitted cells near costa above
the alar region; large area of thin-walled, inflated, yellowish-brown or
hyaline cells at basal angles, not auriculate. Antheridial plants small, at
or near base of archegonial plants. Setae solitary, yellow, 2-3 cm long.
Calyptra hood-shaped. Capsule cylindric, inclined, with a swelling on one
side of base; operculum conic, beaked, the beak as long as the urn; annulus
large, golden; peristome teeth long, triangular, red, split about half their
length into 2 or 3 prongs, longitudinally barred in lower part, tips densely
papillose; stomata present in capsule wall. Spores papillose, 22-26 p.
HABITAT: Sandy soils, dunes.
DISTRInUTION: Occurs commonly throughout the state.


            LEUCOBRYACEAE
 Plants tufted, perennial. Leaves crowded, brittle when dry, pale green
 to whitish, fleshy, consisting mainly of a costa of 3 or more layers of 2
 kinds of cells, the outer large, hyaline, and porous on their inner walls,
 enclosing one or more rows of small 3-4-sided chlorophyllose cells. Au-
 toicous or dioicous. Capsules exserted on straight setae, erect or inclined,
 often with a swelling on one side of the base; calyptra hood-shaped, some-
 times almost completely covering the capsule; operculum with a distinct


        Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 20
 Plants in compact tufts, upper leaves not crowded. Leaves erect to
curved in one direction, lanceolate, margin often inrolled, entire except
at the slender apex; costa about half the width of base, percurrent; median
leaf cells short-rectangular, about 2:1, narrower toward margin; lower
cells above alar region large, rectangular, unpitted; cells in alar region
thin-walled, inflated, reddish, forming auricles.
HABITAT: Sandy soil.
DIsTRIBUT1ON: Florida: Gadsden, Gulf, Liberty, St. Lucie, Volusia,
Walton Counties.

                DICRAN UM

          Dicranum condensatum Hedw. PLATE 23
 Plants bright yellow-green, darker below, in compact sods matted with
 brown radicles, 2-4 cm tall. Leaves curved in one direction or straight,
 crisped ochen dry, oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a channeled,
 acute, toothed apex; costa narrow, less than one-fourth the width of the
leaf base, percurrent to slightly excurrent, prominently toothed at back,
cross section showing bands of small thick-walled cells on both lower and
upper sides; upper leaf cells thick-walled; median cells smaller, isodia-
metric or nearly so; small area of thick-walled, pitted cells near costa above
the alar region; large area of thin-walled, inflated, yellowish-brown or
hyaline cells at basal angles, not auriculate. Antheridial plants small, at
or near base of archegonial plants. Setae solitary, yellow, 2-3 cm long.
Calyptra hood-shaped. Capsule cylindric, inclined, with a swelling on one
side of base; operculum conic, beaked, the beak as long as the urn; annulus
large, golden; peristome teeth long, triangular, red, split about half their
length into 2 or 3 prongs, longitudinally barred in lower part, tips densely
papillose; stomata present in capsule wall. Spores papillose, 22-26 y.
HAEITAT: Sandy soils, dunes.
DIsTRIBUTION: Occurs commonly throughout the state.


            LEUCOBRYACEAE
 Plants tufted, perennial. Leaves crowded, brittle when dry, pale green
 to whitish, fleshy, consisting mainly of a costa of 3 or more layers of 2
 kinds of cells, the outer large, hyaline, and porous on their inner walls,
enclosing one or more rows of small 3-4-sided chlorophyllose cells. Au-
toicous or dioicous. Capsules exserted on straight setae, erect or inclined,
often with a swelling on one side of the base; calyptra hood-shaped, some-
times almost completely covering the capsule; operculum with a distinct


        Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 20
 Plants in compact tufts, upper leaves not crowded. Leaves erect to
 curved in one direction, lanceolate, margin often inrolled, entire except
 at the slender apex; costa about half the width of base, percurrent; median
 leaf cells short-rectangular, about 2:1, narrower toward margin; lower
 cells above alar region large, rectangular, unpitted; cells in alar region
 thin-walled, inflated, reddish, forming auricles.
 HABITAT: Sandy soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Gulf, Liberty, St. Lucie, Volusia,
Walton Counties.
                DICRANUM

          Dicranum condensatum Hedw. PLATE 23
  Plants bright yellow-green, darker below, in compact sods matted with
brown radicles, 2-4 cm tall. Leaves curved in one direction or straight,
crisped when dry, oblong-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a channeled,
acute, toothed apex; costa narrow, less than one-fourth the width of the
leaf base, percurrent to slightly excurrent, prominently toothed at back,
cross section showing bands of small thick-walled cells on both lower and
upper sides; upper leaf cells thick-walled; median cells smaller, isodia-
metric or nearly so; small area of thick-walled, pitted cells near costa above
the alar region; large area of thin-walled, inflated, yellowish-brown or
hyaline cells at basal angles, not auriculate. Antheridial plants small, at
or near base of archegonial plants. Setae solitary, yellow, 2-3 cm long.
Calyptra hood-shaped. Capsule cylindric, inclined, with a swelling on one
side of base; operculum conic, beaked, the beak as long as the urn; annulus
large, golden; peristome teeth long, triangular, red, split about half their
length into 2 or 3 prongs, longitudinally barred in lower part, tips densely
papillose; stomata present in capsule wall. Spores papillose, 22-26 p.
HAEITAT: Sandy soils, dunes.
DISTRIBUTION: Occurs commonly throughout the state.


            LEUCOBRYACEAE
 Plants tufted, perennial. Leaves crowded, brittle when dry, pale green
 to whitish, fleshy, consisting mainly of a costa of 3 or more layers of 2
 kinds of cells, the outer large, hyaline, and porous on their inner walls,
 enclosing one or more rows of small 3-4-sided chlorophyllose cells. Au-
 toicous or dioicous. Capsules exserted on straight setae, erect or inclined,
 often with a swelling on one side of the base; calyptra hood-shaped, some-
 times almost completely covering the capsule; operculum with a distinct



24           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
beak; annulus absent; peristome inserted below mouth of capsule, single,
of 8 or 16 teeth, the teeth short and entire or long and divided for half
their length. Spores smooth to slightly papillose.

               KEY To GENERA
Leaves flattened and widely spreading to form a rosette; chlorophyllose cells tri-
angular in cross section; capsules erect or nearly so, symmetric; peristome teeth 8,
short, pale yellow, not barred.._ ........ __Octoblepharum
Leaves crowded, somewhat tubular above, not widely spreading; eblorophyllose cells
4-sided in cross section; capsules inclined, asymmetric, often with a swelling on
one side of the base; peristome teeth 16, long, forked, reddish, barred in lower half
                                 Leucobryum

             OCTOBLEPHARUM

          Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. PLATE 24
 Plants in loose tufts or mats, whitish, sometimes tinged with red; stems
 short; leaves widely spreading, flattened, recurved, rounded and slightly
 apiculate at tip; margin fimely toothed at apex; apex long-ligulate from
 a broad, thin base, median cross section of leaf showing 3-4 layers of hya-
 line cells on either side of a double row of triangular chlorophyllose cells.
 Autoicous, the dwarf male buds scattered along the stem. Capsules ex-
serted on straight setae, erect, ovoid, symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped;
operculum short, obliquely beaked, covering about half the length of the
capsule; peristome single, of 8 short, triangular, smooth teeth with a prom-
inent median line; stomata obscure, in 1-2 rows at base of urn. Spores
smooth, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks, especially palms.
  DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical regions.
  Florida: Common south and east of the Suwannee River, infrequent
and usually poorly developed north and west of that boundary; only one
fruiting specimen collected in Leon County.


               LEUCOBRYUM
 Plants in more or less dense cushions, pale green or whitish. Leaves
 brittle when dry, easily shed, oblong-lanceolate, crowded, ovate bases over-
lapping, upper portion somewhat tubular and composed almost entirely
of a thick costa, the blade consisting of only a few cells on either side;
costa in cross section composed of a single row of quadrate chlorophyllose
cells with 1-4 rows of large poeose hyaline cells on either side. Dioicous;
male plants very small. Capsule exserted on long seta, inclined and asym-
metric, usually with a swelling on one side of the base, wrinkled when
dry; operculum obliquely long-beaked; peristome single, reddish, inserted


24           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
beak; annulus absent; peristome inserted below mouth of capsule, single,
of 8 or 16 teeth, the teeth short and entire or long and divided for half
their length. Spores smooth to slightly papillose.

               KEY To GENERA
Leaves flattened and widely spreading to form a rosette; chlorophyllose cells tri-
angular in cross section; capsules erect or nearly so, symmetric; peristome teeth 8,
short, pale  yellow, not barred..................................... Octoblepharum
Leaves crowded, somewhat tubular above, not widely spreading; chlorophyllose cells
4-sided in cross section; capsules inclined, asymmetric, often with a swelling on
one side of the base; peristome teeth 16, long, forked, reddish, barred in lower half
                                 Leucobrvum

             OCTOBLEPHARUM

          Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. PLATE 24
  Plants in loose tufts or mats, whitish, sometimes tinged with red; stems
short; leaves widely spreading, flattened, recurved, rounded and slightly
apiculate at tip; margin finely toothed at apex; apex long-ligulate from
a broad, thin base, median cross section of leaf showing 3-4 layers of hya-
line cells on either side of a double row of triangular chlorophyllose cells.
Autoicous, the dwarf male buds scattered along the stem. Capsules ex-
serted on straight setae, erect, ovoid, symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped;
operculum short, obliquely beaked, covering about half the length of the
capsule; peristome single, of 8 short, triangular, smooth teeth with a prom-
inent median line; stomata obscure, in 1-2 rows at base of urn. Spores
smooth, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks, especially palms.
  DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical regions.
  Florida: Common south and east of the Suwannee River, infrequent
and usually poorly developed north and west of that boundary; only one
fruiting specimen collected in Leon County.


               LEUCOBRYUM
 Plants in more or less dense cushions, pale green or whitish. Leaves
 brittle when dry, easily shed, oblong-lanceolate, crowded, ovate bases over-
lapping, upper portion somewhat tubular and composed almost entirely
of a thick costa, the blade consisting of only a few cells on either side;
costa in cross section composed of a single row of quadrate chlorophyllose
cells with 1-4 rows of large porose hyaline cells on either side. Dioicous;
male plants very small. Capsule exserted on long seta, inclined and asym-
metric, usually with a swelling on one side of the base, wrinkled when
dry; operculum obliquely long-beaked; peristome single, reddish, inserted


24


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


beak; annulus absent; peristome inserted below mouth of capsule, single,
of 8 or 16 teeth, the teeth short and entire or long and divided for half
their length. Spores smooth to slightly papillose.

               KEY To GENERA
Leaves flattened and widely spreading to form a rosette; chlorophyllose cells tri-
angular in cross section; capsules erect or nearly so, symmetric; peristome teeth 8,
short, pale yellow, not barred....Octoblepharum
Leaves crowded, somewhat tubular above, not widely spreading; chlorophyllose cells
4-sided in cross section; capsules inclined, asymmetric, often with a swelling on
one side of the base; peristome teeth 16, long, forked, reddish, barred in lower half
                                 Leucobryun

             OCTOBLEPPHARUM

          Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. PLATE 24
 Plants in loose tufts or mats, whitish, sometimes tinged with red; stems
 short; leaves widely spreading, flattened, recurved, rounded and slightly
 apiculate at tip; margin finely toothed at apex; apex long-ligulate from
 a broad, thin base, median cross section of leaf showing 3-4 layers of hya-
line cells on either side of a double row of triangular chlorophyllose cells.
Autoicous, the dwarf male buds scattered along the stem. Capsules ex-
serted on straight setae, erect, ovoid, symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped;
operculum short, obliquely beaked, covering about half the length of the
capsule; peristome single, of 8 short, triangular, smooth teeth with a prom-
inent median line; stomata obscure, in 1-2 rows at base of urn. Spores
smooth, 16-18 p.
HABITAT: On tree trunks, especially palms.
DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical regions.
Florida: Common south and east of the Suwannee River, infrequent
and usually poorly developed north and west of that boundary; only one
fruiting specimen collected in Leon County.


               LEUCOBRYUM
 Plants in more or less dense cushions, pale green or whitish. Leaves
 brittle when dry, easily shed, oblong-lanceolate, crowded, ovate bases over-
lapping, upper portion somewhat tubular and composed almost entirely
of a thick costa, the blade consisting of only a few cells on either side;
costa in cross section composed of a single row of quadrate chlorophyllose
cells with 1-4 rows of large porose hyaline cells on either side. Dioicous;
male plants very small. Capsule exserted on long seta, inclined and asym-
metric, usually with a swelling on one side of the base, wrinkled when
dry; operculum obliquely long-beaked; peristome single, reddish, inserted



LEUCOBRYACEAE


25                  LEUCOBRYACEAE          25


below mouth of capsule, of 16 long divided teeth, conspicuously barred
below and papillose above; stomata absent. Spores smooth or nearly so,
15-20 p.

Hyaline cells in 1-2 layers above and below chlorophyllose cells in thickest part of
base; plants small, usually not exceeding I cn in height; leaves short _L. albidum
Hyaline cells in 2-3 layers above and below chlorophyllose cells; plants robust,
reaching  3-4  cm; leaves  longer_.._ _........... ______...._......-- .--........ .L. glaucum

        Leucobryum albidum (Brid.) Lindb. PLATE 25
  Plants usually less than 1 cm tall, growing in extensive cushions, small
loose tufts, or scattered (especially when growing in xeric [dry] condi-
tions such as on the trunks of trees). Leaves short, crowded, bases over-
lapping, the upper portion somewhat tubular from       a broad ovate base,
cross section near base showing 1-2 rows of hyaline cells on either side
of the chlorophyllose cells, blade in lower part of leaf 2-5 cells wide on
the margins. Male plants small, rarely found. Capsules exserted, almost
horizontal, asymmetric, slightly bulging on one side of the base; calyptra
about same length as urn of capsule; operculum with beak nearly as long
as the rest of the capsule; peristome teeth reddish, split about half their
length, vertically barred below, papillose above. Spores smooth or nearly
so, 15-20 p.
  HABITAT: On soil, decaying wood, around the base of trees, or on
tree trunks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.


       Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 24
  Plants larger and coarser than those of L. albidum, often reaching 3-4
cm or more in height; stems dichotomously branched. Leaves crowded,
bases overlapping, upper somewhat tubular portion gradually narrowed
from a broad oblong or ovate base, apex with a short tip; cross section of
costa near base showing 2-3 layers of hyaline cells on either side of the
chlorophyllose cells, lamina 2-3 cells wide on the margins. Dioicous.
Calyptra hood-shaped. Seta 1-2 cm long; capsule inclined, symmetric,
bulging on one side of the base; operculum with long oblique beak; peri-
stome and spores as in L. albidum.
Cushions of this moss do not form successive annual layers so charac-
teristic farther north; probably often confused with, and mistaken for,
L. albidum.
  HABiTAT: On soil, decaying wood, around bases of trees.
  DISTR1UT10s: Florida: Throughout the state but not as common
as L. albidum.


below mouth of capsule, of 16 long divided teeth, conspicuously barred
below and papillose above; stomata absent. Spores smooth or nearly so,
15-20 p.

Hyaline cells in 1-2 layers above and below chlorophyllose cells in thickest part of
base; plants small, usually not exceeding I em in height; leaves short..... albidum
Hyaline cells in 2-3 layers above and below chlorophyllose cells; plants robust,
reaching  3-4  cm; leaves longer........................ . . ......__- __.. ... .. . ....L. glaucum


        Leucobryum albidum (Brid.) Lindb. PLATE 25
  Plants usually less than 1 cm tall, growing in extensive cushions, small
loose tufts, or scattered (especially when growing in xeric [dry] condi-
tions such as on the trunks of trees). Leaves short, crowded, bases over-
lapping, the upper portion somewhat tubular from       a broad ovate base,
cross section near base showing 1-2 rows of hyaline cells on either side
of the chlorophyllose cells, blade in lower part of leaf 2-5 cells wide on
the margins. Male plants small, rarely found. Capsules exserted, almost
horizontal, asymmetric, slightly bulging on one side of the base; calyptra
about same length as urn of capsule; operculum with beak nearly as long
as the rest of the capsule; peristome teeth reddish, split about half their
length, vertically barred below, papillose above. Spores smooth or nearly
so, 15-20 p.
  HABITAT: On soil, decaying wood, around the base of trees, or on
tree trunks.
DISTRInUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.


       Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 24
 Plants larger and coarser than those of L. albidum, often reaching 3-4
 em  or more in height; stems dichotomously branched. Leaves crowded,
bases overlapping, upper somewhat tubular portion gradually narrowed
from a broad oblong or ovate base, apex with a short tip; cross section of
costa near base showing 2-3 layers of hyaline cells on either side of the
chlorophyllose cells, lamina 2-3 cells wide on the margins. Dioicous.
Calyptra hood-shaped. Seta 1-2 cm long; capsule inclined, symmetric,
bulging on one side of the base; operculum with long oblique beak; peri-
stome and spores as in L,. albidum.
Cushions of this moss do not form successive annual layers so charac-
teristic farther north; probably often confused with, and mistaken for,
L. albidum.
HABITAT: On soil, decaying wood, around bases of trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Throughout the state but not as common
as L. albidum.


              LEUCOBRYACEAE          25

below mouth of capsule, of 16 long divided teeth, conspicuously barred
below and papillose above; stomata absent. Spores smooth or nearly so,
15-20 p.

Hyaline cells in 1-2 layers above and below chlorophyllose cells in thickest part of
base; plants small, usually not exceeding 1 cm in height; leaves short.....L. albidum
Hyaline cells in 2-3 layers above and below chlorophyllose cells; plants robust,
reaching  3-4  cm; leaves longer_..............-........................L. glaucum


        Leucobryum albidum (Brid.) Lindb. PLATE 25
  Plants usually less than 1 cm tall, growing in extensive cushions, small
loose tufts, or scattered (especially when growing in xeric [dry] condi-
tions such as on the trunks of trees). Leaves short, crowded, bases over-
lapping, the upper portion somewhat tubular from a broad ovate base,
cross section near base showing 1-2 rows of hyaline cells on either side
of the chlorophyllose cells, blade in lower part of leaf 2-5 cells wide on
the margins. Male plants small, rarely found. Capsules exserted, almost
horizontal, asymmetric, slightly bulging on one side of the base; calyptra
about same length as urn of capsule; operculum with beak nearly as long
as the rest of the capsule; peristome teeth reddish, split about half their
length, vertically barred below, papillose above. Spores smooth or nearly
so, 15-20 p.
  HABITAT: On soil, decaying wood, around the base of trees, or on
tree trunks.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.


       Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 24
  Plants larger and coarser than those of IL. albidum, often reaching 3-4
em or more in height; stems dichotomously branched. Leaves crowded,
bases overlapping, upper somewhat tubular portion gradually narrowed
from a broad oblong or ovate base, apex with a short tip; cross section of
costa near base showing 2-3 layers of hyaline cells on either side of the
chlorophyllose cells, lamina 2-3 cells wide on the margins. Dioicous.
Calyptra hood-shaped. Seta 1-2 cur long; capsule inclined, symmetric,
bulging on one side of the base; operculum with long oblique beak; peri-
stome and spores as in L. albidum.
Cushions of this moss do not form successive annual layers so charac-
teristic farther north; probably often confused with, and mistaken for,
L. albidum.
  HABITAT: On soil, decaying wood, around bases of trees.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Throughout the state but not as common
as L. albidum.



26           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
Leucobryum antillarum Schimp., a species common in the American
tropics, has been reported from various parts of the Gulf coastal region.
I have several specimens from Florida which I have tentatively identified
as this species. Like L. glaucum, it is highly variable, at least as far as
North American specimens I have examined indicate. Until a more
thorough study is made it seems futile to attempt to separate these two
entities. The leaves of L. antillarum are thinner, more delicate, and more
widely spreading than those of L. glaucum, in cross section near the base
showing only one layer of hyaline cells on either side of the chlorophyllose
cells, the hyaline lamina consisting of 6-8 cells extending beyond the costa.


            CALYMPERACEAE
 Plants small to robust, dull green to brown, usually contorted when dry,
 growing in tufts on trees, logs, or occasionally on soil or rocks. Leaves
 crowded, lanceolate to spatulate from pale sheathing bases, with marginal
 or intramarginal border of hyaline cells, or unborderecd, or with thickened
wing-like margins; costa strong, ending near apex or short-excurrent, in
cross section showing I or more rows of large, thin-walled cells and 1-2
bands of small thick-walled cells, often bearing filamentous or club-shaped
propagula on upper surface at or near apex; cells of upper leaf blade small,
isodiametric, smooth or papillose, densely chlorophyllose; inner basal cells
next to costa large, white, rectangular, inflated, and set off sharply from
the surrounding chlorophyllose cells. Dioicous or autoicous; antheridial
buds gemmiform, often lateral; archegonia terminal, perichaetial leaves
undifferentiated. Capsule erect, cylindrical, exserted on a short seta;
calyptra hood-shaped or cap-shaped, reaching the base of the capsule,
smooth or rough above; operculum slenderly pointed, as long or nearly as
long as the capsule; annulus lacking; peristome of 16 slender, golden
brown, undivided, papillose teeth inserted below mouth of the capsule,
or absent.
               KEY To GENERA
Leaves with intramarginal border of yellowish or hyaline elongated cells, or border
thickened but not double and wing-like......................__.___ .___Calymperes
Leaves without intramarginal hyaline elongated cells; border of marginal hyaline
cells, or border thickened, double and wing-like, the cells chlorophyllose..
                                 Syrrhopodon
 Some species of Syrrhopodon fruit more or less frequently in Florida, others
 apparently not. I have seen no capsules on any Florida specimen of Calymperes.
 The calyptra of Syrrhopodon is hood-shaped and the peristome well developed,
 while the calyptra of Calymperes is bell-shaped and the peristome is lacking.

               CALYMPERES
  Plants usually small, erect, sometimes dichotomously branched, grow-


26


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


26


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


Leucobryum    antillarum  Schimp., a species common in the American
tropics, has been reported from various parts of the Gulf coastal region.
I have several specimens from Florida which I have tentatively identified
as this species. Like L. glaucum, it is highly variable, at least as far as
North American specimens I have examined indicate. Until a more
thorough study is made it seems futile to attempt to separate these two
entities. The leaves of L. antillarum are thinner, more delicate, and more
widely spreading than those of L. glaucum, in cross section near the base
showing only one layer of hyaline cells on either side of the chlorophyllose
cells, the hyaline lamina consisting of 6-8 cells extending beyond the costa.


            CALYMPERACEAE
 Plants small to robust, dull green to brown, usually contorted when dry,
 growing in tufts on trees, logs, or occasionally on soil or rocks. Leaves
 crowded, lanceolate to spatulate from pale sheathing bases, with marginal
 or intramarginal border of hyaline cells, or unbordered, or with thickened
wing-like margins; costa strong, ending near apex or short-excurrent, in
cross section showing 1 or more rows of large, thin-walled cells and 1-2
bands of small thick-walled cells, often bearing filamentous or club-shaped
propagula on upper surface at or near apex; cells of upper leaf blade small,
isodiametric, smooth or papillose, densely chlorophyllose; inner basal cells
next to costa large, white, rectangular, inflated, and set off sharply from
the surrounding chlorophyllose cells. Dioicous or autoicous; antheridial
buds gemmiform, often lateral; archegonia terminal, perichaetial leaves
undifferentiated. Capsule erect, cylindrical, exserted on a short seta;
calyptra hood-shaped or cap-shaped, reaching the base of the capsule,
smooth or rough above; operculum slenderly pointed, as long or nearly as
long as the capsule; annulus lacking; peristome of 16 slender, golden
brown, undivided, papillose teeth inserted below mouth of the capsule,
or absent.R
               KEY To GENERA
Leaves with intramarginal border of yellowish or hyaline elongated cells, or border
thickened but not double and wing-like. .... Calymperes
Leaves without intramarginal hyaline elongated cells; border of marginal hyaline
cells, or border thickened, double and wing-like, the cells chlorophyllose.
                                 Syrrhopodon
 Some species of Syrrhopodon fruit more or less frequently in Florida, others
 apparently not. I have seen no capsules on any Florida specimen of Calymperes.
 The calyptra of Syrrhopodon is hood-shaped and the peristome well developed,
 while the calyptra of Calymperes is bell-shaped and the peristome is lacking.

               CALYMPERES
  Plants usually small, erect, sometimes dichotomously branched, grow-


Leucobryum antillarum Schimp., a species common in the American
tropics, has been reported from various parts of the Gulf coastal region.
I have several specimens from Florida which I have tentatively identified
as this species. Like L. glaucum, it is highly variable, at least as far as
North American specimens I have examined indicate. Until a more
thorough study is made it seems futile to attempt to separate these two
entities. The leaves of L. antillarum are thinner, more delicate, and more
widely spreading than those of L. glaucum, in cross section near the base
showing only one layer of hyaline cells on either side of the chlorophyllose
cells, the hyaline lamina consisting of 6-8 cells extending beyond the costa.


            CALYMPERACEAE
 Plants small to robust, dull green to brown, usually contorted when dry,
 growing in tufts on trees, logs, or occasionally on soil or rocks. Leaves
 crowded, lanceolate to spatulate from pale sheathing bases, with marginal
 or intramarginal border of hyaline cells, or unbordered, or with thickened
wing-like margins; costa strong, ending near apex or short-excurrent, in
cross section showing 1 or more rows of large, thin-walled cells and 1-2
bands of small thick-walled cells, often bearing filamentous or club-shaped
propagula on upper surface at or near apex; cells of upper leaf blade small,
isodiametric, smooth or papillose, densely chlorophyllose; inner basal cells
next to costa large, white, rectangular, inflated, and set off sharply from
the surrounding chlorophyllose cells. Dioicous or autoicous; antheridial
buds gemmiform, often lateral; archegonia terminal, perichaetial leaves
undifferentiated. Capsule erect, cylindrical, cxserted on a short seta;
calyptra hood-shaped or cap-shaped, reaching the base of the capsule,
smooth or rough above; operculum slenderly pointed, as long or nearly as
long as the capsule; annulus lacking; peristome of 16 slender, golden
brown, undivided, papillose teeth inserted below mouth of the capsule,
or absent.
               KEY To GENERA
Leaves with intramarginal border of yellowish or hyaline elongated cells, or border
thickened but not double and wing-like ..... Caymperes
Leaves without intramarginal hyaline elongated cells; border of marginal hyaline
cells, or border thickened, double and wing-like, the cells chlorophyllose
                                 Syrrhopodon
 Some species of Syrrhopodon fruit more or less frequently in Florida, others
 apparently not. I have seen no capsules on any Florida specimen of Calymperes.
 The calyptra of Syrrhopodon is hood-shaped and the peristome well developed,
 while the calyptra of Calymperes is bell-shaped and the peristome is lacking.

               CALYMPERES
  Plants usually small, erect, sometimes dichotomously branched, grow-



CALYMPERACEAE


27


CALYMPERACEAE


27


CALYMPERACEAE


27


igin small loose tufts as occasionally isolated, foequently mixed wviths
other mosses. Leaves collect ionvardl, contorede as csisped, lanceolate to
ligulate, feom a beoadlee sheatbing base basing prominent ares of large,
wehite, reeetangular, inflated cells; opper leaf cells susall, dleasely ckls-
eapbvllose, usually papillose, a naerossinteaosaeginal hood of eloogate yel-
loswisho cello exteonliog fom she base sometimes almost so sloe apex, as
(C. nasbii) bordee thickened bus elongate cells lacking as rudimsentary;
costa serong, subpecurrent to short-excoesent, sometimes thickened and
beating cluistees of filamentous psopagula at as near she tip.

1. Elongate ioterasartinalcetts abseut osseestiitliulefssoutders;teafosarin
  2 cetls thick to apses blade ......-------------------------..C. easbii
L. Etongaaseintraainatcetscereset, extendiogtoorboe mid-eaf
  2. Upper teal blade slicen brsadet thou toowcs; teat cells smootsh sor slightly
    butging ovnstratsurfies.--------.........---- ...-.....C.eichardii
  2. tUpper teal blade foequently- natrower than tones
    3. Apicat ellsoftbasatlhyatine areassothson boh surfaes;entecels
    s-ta cells instde margin as shoulders- -    -       C. dasseltit
    3. Apical cells of basat byalinc aces balgies on sentealmsuraees; elougaed
    cells 2-6 sep0s inside mactin atsohoutders .- --............_C. erososo

            Cal ympers nashii Wins. PLATO 26
  Plants inconspicuous, in lofts of only a few plaots, often grosving among
oshee mosses, glossy green. Lanwes teases broadly os-ass, upper leases
longer, ov-ate-lanceolate, contorted when dry; costa shoertly exeurrent,
papillose on ventral surface, aod bearingnunserous propagula onall sides
of she roughened tip; margins entice, border thickened, elongate intra-
snarginal cells absent or wveakly developed in segion of the shouldees; large
hyaline cells seesupying aboot half she base of leaf, cells square ont to
she costa, upper limits not very sharply delimited.
  HlABITAT: On back as dead wvood.
  DITRITIuON: Wlest Indies.
  Florida: Dade, Indian Rices, Lee, Monre Counties.
  This species seems to he case throughout its songs. It may be aces-
loobedhbecause ofissmall size and habitofgowvth, oronfusedih
small Poems of C. richardii. The numserous clstered propagula an all sides
of she tip of the costa seeve asxasimple andeeady means ofdeermina-
tion, even to she field.

           Calymees richardii C. M. PLATE 26
 Plants in cushions as smats, dock grecen, glossy. Leaves oblong to ligolate,
cisped and incurved wshen dry, turned mote os less in one diectsion,
broadest about middle, obtuse at apex, often abruptly narroswed and called
ndes as tip of propaguliferous leases; costa strong, subpseurrent, smooth,


ing in small loose tofts oe accostionally isolated, feequently mixed with
ashes mosses. Leaves called inn-acel, contacted as ceisped, lanceolate to
ligulte, leans a broader sheathing base basing promionn aces of laege,
wshise, rctangsular, inflated cells; uppee leaf cells snall, densely chlt-
rophyllose, usnally papillose, a naerosw itrsamasginal band of elongate yel-
lowish cello extending leans she base sometimes almost so she apex, or
(C. nsohii) border thickened bus elongate cells lacking or erudimentary;
costs strong, subpercurrent so shoes-excurrent, sometimes thickened and
beating clussers of filamentus propagula at 05 near the tip.

1. Elonaatesintrsaarinol cells absent orsvestitial in leafshudes;tclasottrin
  2 cells thick in asses blade-   --....... ........------_.-...C. oasbii
  1.Lloatseintrinalecelsprsent, extendinosoreboecmid-leaf
  2. Lper teal blade olsen broadee thou looser; teal cells sooth 00 slightly
    bulting an sensesl surfaces- - - - - -.....C. erishaedii
  2. Upper leaf blade frequently narrowserehnoe
    3. Apical cells at bostl hyaline aces smsooth an bosh surtaces; elsongase cells
    5-lb cells inside margin as shoulders-   -         C. daoelbii
    3. Aicalcellsofbasatbhaline areahbultint osensetalraces;elnated
    cells 2-6 cells inside marsgin atsthouldets.- --..............C. eaoson

            Cal ympesse nashii Wis. PLATO 26
  Plants inconspicuous, in lofts of anty a fews plants, often geoswing among
ashes mosses, glossy green. Loxwes leases broadly ovate, upper leaves
longer, ovate-lanceolate, concocted n-ben dry; costs shortly excureens,
papillose on venteal sueface, and bearing numerons propagola on all sides
of thse roughened tip; macgins entice, bordes thickened, elongate mossa-
macgloat cells absent or wseakly deseloped in region of the shoulders; large
hyaline cells occupying shoot half she base of leaf, cells square next to
she costs, uppee limits not v eep sharply delimited.
  HABITAT: On bark ordead wood.
  DISTRIBUTIOx: West5 Indies.
  Florida: Dade, Indian Rises, Lee, Mlousse Counties.
  This species seems to be ease throughout its songs. It may be ovee-
looked because of its small size and habit of geonwtb, as confused wsith
small forms of C. rcardil. The numerous clustered propagula on all sides
of she tip of sloe costs serve as a sinmple and ready means of deseemina-
tion, even sin the field.


ing in small loose lofts as occasionally isolated, feequently mixed wsith
osher mosses. Leases called inssed, contacted as ceisped, laneoslate to
ligulass, frsm a broadcer sheathing base has-lug perominent aces of laegs,
a-hiss, recsangulas, inflated cells; upper leaf celix small, densely skls-
coplovllose, susally papillose, a narerow insromaegissal band of elosigate yel-
boyish cells extending from she base sometimes alost to the apex, as
(C. nashii) border thickened bus elongate cellh lacking or rudimentary;
costs strong, subpercurrent so shors-excursent, sometimoes thickened and
beaeing clussees of filamentous psopagula at as ness the tip-

1. E~longate intamaotinalecells absent orsvestigial in leafshulders;teafsmatin
  2 cells  thicb  is  upper  blade - - -   -     -    --.............................C.  eashii
L. Elonateeintramsartinaleltls present, extendinoorabove mid-laf
  2. Uper teal blade often brsoades shan looser; lest cells sooths oo sligbtly
    bulging son senserat surfaces---    -----C......................... erbchedii
  2. Uper teal blade feqently aroer thou tones
    3. Apicalels ofbasaltyalineaea soothbon bhsurfaces; elgaecells
    5-lb cells inside margain as shoulders-  -         C. stonetlii
    3. Apicalcelsfsbasalbyalineoaea bulting onsventraltsuroaaes;elonted
    cells 2-6 sells inside maegin as shouldes.---- ------------C. erosum

            Cal ymperse nashii Wins. PLATO 26
  Plants inconspicuous, in tufts of only a fess plants, oft en growsing among
other mosses, glossy green. Looses leases brodly ovate, upper leases
toupee, osase-laneolase, contacted sthen dry; casts shorly execeren,
papillose on ventral surface, and bearing numerous propagula on all sides
of she roughened sip; msasgins entice, bordes thickened, elongate intra-
marginal cells absent or weakely developoed in region of sloe shoulders; large
hyaline cells socupying about half she base of leaf, cell s square next so
the costs, upper limits not v ees sharply delimited.
  HABITAT: Onubark ordead woodL
  DISTRIBUTIOx: West Indies.
  Flarida: Dade, Indian R-ves, Lee, Monsoe Counties.
  Thsis speci~es seems so be ease throughout its range. It may be ayes-
looked because of itssmsall sieandsabitof groth, oronfusedith
small forms of C. riehardii. The numerous clustesedl propagula on allosides
of she sip of she costs sere as a simple and ready means of determina-
tion, even in the field.

           Calymperso richardii C. M. PLATE 26
 Plants in cushions as mats, dash green, glossy. Leases oblong to ligulate,
crisped and incurved wchen dry, turned mote os less in one diection,
broadest about middle, souse at apex, often abruptly narroswed and solled
ndes as sip of propagulifesous Iseayes; costa strong, subpercurrent, smooch,


Calymperse richardi) C. M.


PLATE 26


Plants in cus-hions as mats, dash green, glossy. Leases oblong so ligulase,
cisped and incurved swhen dry, toued mote as less in one direction,
sesadest shoot middle, obtuse at apex, oftesn abruptly nasroned and rolled
ndes at tip of propagulifetous leases; costs strong, subpercureen, smonth,



28           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
propagula on ventral surface; upper leaf cells smooth or bulging, rather
pellucid; margin entire above, finely toothed at shoulders, elongated in
basal part; elongated cells 1-3 cells in from margin at shoulders, narrow
(2-3 cells wide), extending to or above mid-leaf; upper leaf border thick-
ened; basal hyaline cells broad, rectangular, extending one-fourth to one-
third the length of the leaf, squared or rounded above.
HABITAT: On trees, dead wood, and occasionally on rocks.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, Manatee, Monroe, Palm
Beach, Sarasota Counties.

           Calymperes donnellii Aust. PLATE 27
 Plants loosely tufted or clustered, inconspicuous, yellow to dark green.
Upper leaves oblong-linear, widely spreading, curved, contorted when
dry, margin inrolled; apex frequently sharply constricted; costa subper-
current to excurrent, frequently bearing clustered propagula at the tip;
elongated intramarginal cells distinct to leaf base, 2-3 cells wide at the
shoulders and 5-16 cells inside the margin, extending one-third to one-
half the length of the upper leaf blade; upper margins thickened, in-
curved, toothed; lower margins finely toothed; base nearly filled with the
large hyaline cells, which extend about one-fourth the leaf length and
form acute angles at their upper ends; upper cells of basal hyaline area
smooth on both surfaces.
HABITAT: On bark, decaying wood, occasionally on soil or rock.
DrsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Cocos Islands.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River,
Lee, Monroe, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.


28


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


28


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


propagula on ventral surface; upper leaf cells smooth or bulging, rather
pellucid; margin entire above, finely toothed at shoulders, elongated in
basal part; elongated cells 1-3 cells in from margin at shoulders, narrow
(2-3 cells wide), extending to or above mid-leaf; upper leaf border thick-
ened; basal hyaline cells broad, rectangular, extending one-fourth to one-
third the length of the leaf, squared or rounded above.
HABITAT: On trees, dead wood, and occasionally on rocks.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, Manatee, Monroe, Palm
Beach, Sarasota Counties.

           Calymperes donnellii Aust. PLATE 27
 Plants loosely tufted or clustered, inconspicuous, yellow to dark green.
Upper leaves oblong-linear, widely spreading, curved, contorted when
dry, margin inrolled; apex frequently sharply constricted; costa subper-
current to excurrent, frequently bearing clustered propagula at the tip;
elongated intramarginal cells distinct to leaf base, 2-3 cells wide at the
shoulders and 5-16 cells inside the margin, extending one-third to one-
half the length of the upper leaf blade; upper margins thickened, in-
curved, toothed; lower margins finely toothed; base nearly filled with the
large hyaline cells, which extend about one-fourth the leaf length and
form acute angles at their upper ends; upper cells of basal hyaline area
smooth on both surfaces.
HABITAT: On bark, decaying wood, occasionally on soil or rock.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Cocos Islands.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River,
Lee, Monroe, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.


propagula on ventral surface; upper leaf cells smooth or bulging, rather
pellucid; margin entire above, finely toothed at shoulders, elongated in
basal part; elongated cells 1-3 cells in from margin at shoulders, narrow
(2-3 cells wide), extending to or above mid-leaf; upper leaf border thick-
ened; basal hyaline cells broad, rectangular, extending one-fourth to one-
third the length of the leaf, squared or rounded above.
HABITAT: On trees, dead wood, and occasionally on rocks.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, Manatee, Monroe, Palm
Beach, Sarasota Counties.

           Calymperes donnellii Aust. PLATE 27
 Plants loosely tufted or clustered, inconspicuous, yellow to dark green.
Upper leaves oblong-linear, widely spreading, curved, contorted when
dry, margin inrolled; apex frequently sharply constricted; costa subper-
current to excurrent, frequently bearing clustered propagula at the tip;
elongated intramarginal cells distinct to leaf base, 2-3 cells wide at the
shoulders and 5-16 cells inside the margin, extending one-third to one-
half the length of the upper leaf blade; upper margins thickened, in-
curved, toothed; lower margins finely toothed; base nearly filled with the
large hyaline cells, which extend about one-fourth the leaf length and
form acute angles at their upper ends; upper cells of basal hyaline area
smooth on both surfaces.
HAB1TAT: On bark, decaying wood, occasionally on soil or rock.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Cocos Islands.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River,
Lee, Monroe, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.


Calymperes erosum C. M.
Calymperes emersum C. M.


PLATE 27


Calymperes erosum C. M.
Calymperes emersum C. M.


PLATE 27


Calymperes erosum C. M.
Calymperes emersum C. M.


PLATE 27


Plants in small tufts or clusters, inconspicuous, light green or brown-
ish. Leaves oblong-linear, curved when dry; margins inrolled; leaf apex
acuminate or abruptly constricted; costa percurrent to excurrent; con-
spicuously bulging on ventral side, and frequently bearing clusters of pro-
pagula at the rough apex; margins finely toothed almost to base; upper
leaf cells bulging to papillose; elongated cells 2-6 cells within the margin
at shoulders, sometimes extending almost to apex, or forming a thickened
border on the margin near the apex; large hyaline cells occupying one-
third or more of the leaf length, the upper cells conspicuously bulging
on ventral surfaces.
HABITAT: On trees, decaying wood, occasionally soil or rocks.


Plants in small tufts or clusters, inconspicuous, light green or brown-
ish. Leaves oblong-linear, curved when dry; margins inrolled; leaf apex
acuminate or abruptly constricted; costa percurrent to excurrent; con-
spicuously bulging on ventral side, and frequently bearing clusters of pro-
pagula at the rough apex; margins finely toothed almost to base; upper
leaf cells bulging to papillose; elongated cells 2-6 cells within the margin
at shoulders, sometimes extending almost to apex, or forming a thickened
border on the margin near the apex; large hyaline cells occupying one-
third or more of the leaf length, the upper cells conspicuously bulging
on ventral surfaces.
HABITAT: On trees, decaying wood, occasionally soil or rocks.


Plants in small tufts or clusters, inconspicuous, light green or brown-
ish. Leaves oblong-linear, curved when dry; margins inrolled; leaf apex
acuminate or abruptly constricted; costa percurrent to excurrent; con-
spicuously bulging on ventral side, and frequently bearing clusters of pro-
pagula at the rough apex; margins finely toothed almost to base; upper
leaf cells bulging to papillose; elongated cells 2-6 cells within the margin
at shoulders, sometimes extending almost to apex, or forming a thickened
border on the margin near the apex; large hyaline cells occupying one-
third or more of the leaf length, the upper cells conspicuously bulging
on ventral surfaces.
  HABITAT: On trees, decaying wood, occasionally soil or rocks.



CALYMIERACEAE          29                  CIVM PUERA C*AE        29                  CALYMhERACEAE          29


DiSTRIBUvTION: West Indiies, Mexico, Central America, androbarblv
northern Sotti Anterica.
Florida: Collier, Dade, Lee, Manatee Counties.
C. erostoo aod C. donoellii aeere similae. Thte mtost clear-rot dic-
tiuctiono is that the uppee cells of the loxaline basal 0000 in C. eroesut r
cotnspicously bulging, wle those of C. donnellii are smoooh.

              SYRRHIOPODON
 Plants tufted, sometimes coveeiug substratun in estensive mats, dark
 green to brown. Sterns erect. Eeoaves crovede, lanceolate to ligulate front
 a sharply defitned white base; boeder hyaline oe of thickened, chlteophyl-
 lose celic, en tie or toothed; costa steong, subpeercurrento to ehort-cecute-
 eent, sometimues toothed oe opiny abate; uppee leaf sells stmall, isodiamuet-
 ric, hulging oe papillose, densely chloeoprhyllose; sheathing hose etomposed
 motle tf an area net the costa of laret whitereectangulae refit ending
 saheuptly at junction cwith the chlorophellose cello; linear or club-shaped
 propagula on upperceide of costa or in elosters at tip. Calcptra hood-
 chapred, splir noarly its entir length, andi exteding to eapsole base;
 opeculum long-beahed; icerisrtmeeofl1 loncg,udivided,eyellowcish browvn
 teeth, fiuely peatpillose. Spores rough, 16-18 p.
 1.. teafthorder douhlteootred and win-ttke,ellsro bordeundiffreniated-.
                                S. incompvletus
t. Leaf horered icy bonear, hyaaioe or yelttowish cell,
  2. Bodr extenrthng to ares; propanota asent oat teat ties
    3. Lraeenaire reept at ares
      4. ee crised ohen doe; Iarne byatine elttr occureing abur bait
      the tennthb........................5.........--- . gaudirhoudii
      4. Lravsraraigtrslhty twistedwhrn dry;sheaeth  aseeoflare
         haiecrtts occupying one-torth to one-thirs thee teat tennth;
       plats rate wohitish-tree   S.poifee
    3. Leaversharplitoohedifromushoaldertooapex;clustersoftrermeinalro-
      pagula common ............5,------.-- ....-------.-----S texaue
  2. Border absent or nor rearhing acre, propanola en npper rsrfaces of traces
    3. Fever rearer iong, narrowr; apexs rounded. .     .   . higuiatns
    3. Upper torte, broad, deltoid; are arstr or obtuse-r . 5--- . parasiticus

         Syrrhupudon incompletur Scbwaegr. PLATE 28
  Plants compactly tutrfed, sometimes in extensiver mats, sl freon to
brown; stems repeatedly dichoromcoosly branched, 1-3 cm high. Crates
crowtded, lanceokote; costa strong, percttrrent or nearly so, conspicuously
papillose on dorsal side, suouetimes bearing clustered propagula near tip;
margin abocve sheathing hase thick, doable toothed, sng-like; opper leaf
cells bulging or papillose on upper eurface, oly slightly so on lowver;
brtadened leaf hose almost filled with a troll-defined area of large clear


DrSTRIBcTON:x West Indies, Slceico, Ceural America, and probably
northern Sooth America.
Florida: Collir, Dade, Lee, Mlanater Contirs.
C. rerosum and C. donnellii arecvere similar. Thenmostrclear-cut dis-
tinction is thrat the upper celle of the byalinr basal area in C. rosren are
conspicously bulging, wchile those of C. donnollii are smooth.

              SYRRIHOPODON\
 Plants tufted, sonmetimes covering substratum in rexteneive snare, dark
 gento brocwt. Struts erect. Lraesecowvded, lanceolate to ligrulatr front
 a sharply definrd cwhite basr; border he aline or af thickened, cblorophel-
 lace cells, entire or toothesd; costa strong, suebpercurrent to short-rescue-
 reect, somrtimes toothed or spiny above; uppr leaf cells small, isodiamet-
 rir, bulging or papillose, densely chlorophy Ilose; sheathing basr composed
 mostly uf asn area neer thr rosta of large wchit or ectanguolar rolls ending
 abruptly at junction ccitk te chlorophyllose cc-lie; lincar or club-shaped
 propagula on upper side of costa or in cluestees at tip. Caly ptra hood-
 sbaped, trplit noarly ire entire lengrth, and extrending to capsule base;
 oprculum long-beaked; peristomer of 16 lung, undivided, vellowvishbrowcn
 teeth, Surely papillose. Spores rough, 16-18 a.
 1. Leat border siorhi toothred and wcing-like, cell, of horder ndifferentiatedl._.
                                S. ineonmeletur
1. Leafhbordereds ier, hyaire orvelowishbellr
  2. Border extendinu to ares; vropanuta ahsent or at leaf ties
    3. Leaver etre ecept at ares
      3. Leoaver crisved weshn doe; lrgr hyalhne cr8,s occupeing about bolt
      the length ............-----..................S. goaudiohaudii
      4. Leavsr sraigt or sighbtltwsted when dry; sheathing hare sof torte
      byalinerelsrocuping one-fourth to sue-third rho lraf tenuth;
      elant, rate whieirh-greu.. ._...._ .S rhifr
    3. Leaverrharlheoothedfromrshouldersotooapex;clustersofterminalro-
    pagula common. .___. . .- ..-_0 --- .teau
  2. Bode absent or nroechibrng ares, propagulaoen never surfrces of teavs
    conricous
    3. Fever trace, lout, narrow; apeerounded.------- ...... h iglatus
    3. Upper leaves broad, deltoid; ares route or obtuse . 5. erraitieee

         Syrrhupodun incumpleuw Schowaegr. PLATE 28
  Plants compactly tufted, sometimes in extensive mate, drll green to
browen; seems repeatedly dichotomously branched, 1-3 cm high. Lceaces
crucwded, lanceolate; cocoa strong, percurtent or nearly so, conspicuously
papillose on deersal side, somcetimes bearing clustered propagula near tip;
margin above sheathing base thick, double toothesd, cwing-like; upper leaf
cells bulging or papillose on upper surface, ouls slightly so un loer;
broadened leaf base almost filled orirh a wvell-dellned area of large clear


DieTRotUvtuoN NNest Indies, Mlexico, Central Amcerica, and probably
nrtihern Sooth America.
Florida: Collier, Dade, Lee, Manatee Counties.
C. marset and C. dbonnellii arecverv simtilar. Thecoust clr-cutdi-
tdnction is that the upper rells of the byalbne basal area ho C. orosunt are
conspicousoly bulging, wrhile three of C. donnoolii are smootch.

              SYRRHPDONDD
  Plants tufted, somedimes covering substratum in ostensive aas, dark
  gento browvn. Sterns erct. Leaveso cruwetdd, lanweolare to ligulate from
a shrarply defined wchite base; border hyaline or of thickened, chlorophyl-
lose cells, entire oe tothecd; cstra strong, subpeorcurrent cc short-recur-
rent, sometimetoothedlrsiny above; upper leaf cellsosmall, ioiame-
ric, helging or papillose, sdensely chlorophylloe; sheathing base coemposed
mrostly of an area nest the costa of large wchite rectangular cello ending
abrorptly at junction weirk the chlorophyllose cello; linear or club-shapod
propagula on upper side of costa or in clusters at rip. Calyptra hood-
shaped, split nearle its entire length, and exeending to capsule base;
operculum long-beaked; peristomre of 16 long, undiided, yellowvish browon
troth, kinelt papillose. Spores rough, 16-18 p.
1. Leafhorerdubhlvtoothed andein-lke,ellsrofbrderndifeentatd  -
                                S. ireroneletor
1. Leafthrderedhbe iea, hineorelliowishbellsr
  2. Border ectending to aex; propanula abrent or rt lerf tp
    3. Ceavs entre exepte at arcs
      4. Lerve risped whew dry; tinge hyalbne ellr occupeing about halt
      the lenth....................................5. goudiehandii
      4. Leaver rtraight or slighbtly twisted when dry; sheathing hare of torte
      bealine cellsocupryeng on-forthr to one-third rtce leaf mucgh;
      elantr pale whitish-reen....o .......  ...........0. peolfr
    3. Leaesrsharplyeothedfoshouhldrrers oae;clusers ofterminalero-
      pagula common...-------- .........5... -------- ------- . recoanus
  2. Bode absert or ret reac hint ares, proragula on never rurfacer of teavs
    conspicuous
    0. Fpper leases ton, narrou; ores rouded-.  .-----.5. . ligulatus
    3. Freer leaver broad, deltoid; ares acute or obtuse. 5. raraitic-e

         Syrrhuopudon incumptusln Schwaegr. PLATE 28
  Plants compactly tufted, sometintes in extrusie o nars, doll green to
broew; semn repeatedly dichoromoosly branched, 1-3 cm high. Ceav cc
cruowded, lanceolate; costa strung, percrrent or crarly so, conspicuouly
papillose on dorsal sidge, somedimes bearing clustredos prupagula near tp
margin above sheathing base thick, double toothed, wing-like; upper leaf
cello bulging we papillose on upper surface, only slightly so ow lower;
broadened leaf boor almost filled wvith a cyrll-defined aeaouf large clear



30          MOSSES OF FLORIDA              30           MOSSES OF FLORIDA             30           MOSSES OF FLORIDA


cells. Dioicous. Capsule exserted on a short seta, erect, cylindric; calyptra
hood-shaped, split almost its entire length, and reaching base of capsule;
operculum beaked, the beak nearly as long as the capsule; peristome teeth
undivided, pale yellowish-brown, papillose. Spores 16-18 o.
  HABITAT: On bark of trees, especially Sabal palms, sometimes almost
completely covering the trunk.
  DISTRIBUTION: Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, New York (Long Is-
land).
  Florida: Common throughout the state; probably in every county.
  The distinction made between S. floridanus Sull. and S. incompletus,
that in the former the dorsal surface of the costa in the region of the
basal hyaline cells is more papillose than the upper part, while the reverse
is true in S. incompletus (rougher near tip), does not seem to be valid.
All gradations can be found on careful observation. Therefore I have used
the older name to incorporate both entities.

         Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii Mont. PLATE 29
  Plants in small tufts or mats, green or brownish. Leaves crowded,
crisped when dry, abruptly narrowed to a slender limb from a broader
base, the limb about twice as long as the base, bordered by elongated
hyaline or vellowish cells, entire except conspicuously spinose apex; costa
percurrent to shortly excurrent, vecry rough on back; large hyaline cells
about half the length of the leaf and filling most of the base, triangular
above; upper leaf cells densely papillose on both surfaces.
  HABITAT: On bark of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Galpagos Islands.
Florida: Known only from Polk County (Highlands Hammock).

          Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. PLATE 30
  Plants delicate, in loose cushions, whitish green. Leaves linear, erect,
straight or slightly twisted when dry, sheathing base scarcely wider than
limb; margins bordered by elongated hyaline cells, entire except at the
slightly rounded apex; costa subpercurrent, rough near tip; large hyaline
cells one-fourth to one-third leaf length and occupying almost all of the
narrow sheathing base; upper leaf cells papillose on both surfaces. Not
fruiting in Florida.
HABITAT: On soil about the bases of trees, very humid and shady
woods.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America and South
America.
Florida: Gadsden, Liberty, Santa Rosa Counties.


cells. Dioicous. Capsule exsecrted on a short seta, erect, cylindric; calyptra
hood-shaped, split almost its entire length, and reaching base of capsule;
operculum beaked, the beak nearly as long as the capsule; peristome teeth
undivided, pale yellowish-brown, papillose. Spores 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On bark of trees, especially Sabal palms, sometimes almost
completely covering the trunk.
  DISTRIBUTION: Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, New York (Long Is-
land).
  Florida: Common throughout the state; probably in every county.
  The distinction made between S. floridanus Sull. and S. incompletus,
that in the former the dorsal surface of the costa in the region of the
basal hyaline cells is more papillose than the upper part, while the reverse
is true in S. incompletus (rougher near tip), does not seem to be valid.
All gradations can be found on careful observation. Therefore I have used
the older name to incorporate both entities.

         Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii Mont. PLATE 29
  Plants in small tufts or mats, green or brownish. Leaves crowded,
crisped when dry, abruptly narrowed to a slender limb from a broader
base, the limb about twice as long as the base, bordered by elongated
hyaline or yellowish cells, entire except conspicuously spinose apex; costa
percurrent to shortly excurrent, very rough on back; large hyaline cells
about half the length of the leaf and filling most of the base, triangular
above; upper leaf cells densely papillose on both surfaces.
  HAB11AT: On bark of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Galapagos Islands.
Florida: Known only from Polk County (Highlands Hammock).

          Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. PLATE 30
  Plants delicate, in loose cushions, whitish green. Leaves linear, erect,
straight or slightly twisted when dry, sheathing base scarcely wider than
limb; margins bordered by elongated hyaline cells, entire except at the
slightly rounded apex; costa subpercurrent, rough near tip; large hyaline
cells one-fourth to one-third leaf length and occupying almost all of the
narrow sheathing base; upper leaf cells papillose on both surfaces. Not
fruiting in Florida.
HABITAT: On soil about the bases of trees, very humid and shady
woods.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America and South
America.
Florida: Gadsden, Liberty, Santa Rosa Counties.


cells. Dioicous. Capsule exserted on a short seta, erect, cylindric; calyptra
hood-shaped, split almost its entire length, and reaching base of capsule;
operculum beaked, the beak nearly as long as the capsule; peristome teeth
undivided, pale yellowish-brown, papillose. Spores 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On bark of trees, especially Sabal palms, sometimes almost
completely covering the trunk.
  DISTRIBUTION: Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, New York (Long Is-
land).
  Florida: Common throughout the state; probably in every county.
  The distinction made between S. floridanus Sull. and S. incompletus,
that in the former the dorsal surface of the costa in the region of the
basal hyaline cells is more papillose than the upper part, while the reverse
is true in S. incompletus (rougher near tip), does not seem to be valid.
All gradations can be found on careful observation. Therefore I have used
the older name to incorporate both entities.

         Syrrhopodon gaudichadii Mont. PLATE 29
  Plants in small tufts or mats, green or brownish. Leaves crowded,
crisped when dry, abruptly narrowed to a slender limb from a broader
base, the limb about twice as long as the base, bordered by elongated
hyaline or yellowish cells, entire except conspicuously spinose apex; costa
percurrent to shortly excurrent, very rough on back; large hyaline cells
about half the length of the leaf and filling most of the base, triangular
above; upper leaf cells densely papillose on both surfaces.
  HABITAT: On bark of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Galapagos Islands.
  Florida: Known only from Polk County (Highlands Hammock).

          Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwaegr. PLATE 30
  Plants delicate, in loose cushions, whitish green. Leaves linear, erect,
straight or slightly twisted when dry, sheathing base scarcely wider than
limb; margins bordered by elongated hyaline cells, entire except at the
slightly rounded apex; costa subpercurrent, rough near tip; large hyaline
cells one-fourth to one-third leaf length and occupying almost all of the
narrow sheathing base; upper leaf cells papillose on both surfaces. Not
fruiting in Florida.
HABITAT: On soil about the bases of trees, very humid and shady
woods.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America and South
America.
Florida: Gadsden, Liberty, Santa Rosa Counties.



CALYMPERACEAE


31


    31

PLATE 29


           Syrrhopodon texanus SUlT. PLATE 29
 Plants in dark green or brown cushions, 1-4 cm high. Leaves crisped
 when dry, linear or ligulate, variously modified above, often consisting
 almost entirely of the costa, especially in propaguliferous leaves; clusters
of blamentous propagula terminal; costa rough on both surfaces; upper
leaf cells papillose; margin of elongated, hyaline cells, coarsely toothed
almost the entire length of the leaf; area of basal hyaline cells forming
acute angles above. Seta 1-2 cm long; capsule erect, cylindric, with
operculum nearly as long as urn. Spores papillose, 18  .
  HABITAT: On soil around base of trees, or on stumps and rotting
wood, swampy places.
DISTRIBUTION: New      York (Long Island), Kentucky, Tennessee,
Georgia, Alabama.
  Florida: Common throughout the state.

           Syrrhopodon ligulatus Mont. PLATE 30
  Plants in inconspicuous, small, loose tufts, brownish green. Leaves
crisped when dry, ovate-lanceolate, apex bhmt and rounded; upper leaves
long, narrow; costa short, often bearing thread-like or club-shaped pro-
pagula on its upper side below the apex; large hyaline cells filling most
of the base, rounded above, conspicuous; upper leaf cells densely papil-
lose, obscure; marginal cells uniform except near the base, where a few
elongated cells form a hyaline border.
  HAB1TAT: On bark of trees.
  DIsTREUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Broward, Citrus, Dade, Escambia, Glades, Hendry, Hills-
borough, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Seminole, Sumter, Suwan-
nee, Wakulla, Washington Counties.


        Syrrhopodon parasiticus (Sw.) Besch.         PLATE 31
  Plants in small tufts or occasionally scattered, usually only a few on
any given tree, dull green or brownish. Leaves crisped when dry, lower
leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper propaguliferous leaves deltoid, often in
rosettes; apex acute or obtuse, but not rounded; large hyaline cells occupy-
ing a small area of the sheathing base, terminating above in narrowly
acute angles next to the costa; upper leaf cells papillose; elongated hyaline
cells often forming a border extending from base to about two-thirds the
leaf length. Propagula filamentous, with 5-20 cross-walls, numerous and
conspicuous, sometimes covering ventral side of costa from apex to basal
hyaline area.
  HABITAT: On trees, especially Carpinus.


Syrrhoponon txanus Sull.


Plants in dark green or brown cushions, 1-4 cm high. Leaves crisped
when dry, linear or ligulate, variously modified above, often consisting
almost entirely of the costa, especially in propaguliferous leaves; clusters
of filamentous propagula terminal; costa rough on both surfaces; upper
leaf cells papillose; margin of elongated, hyaline cells, coarsely toothed
almost the entire length of the leaf; area of basal hyaline cells forming
acute angles above. Seta 1-2 cm   long; capsule erect, cylindric, with
operculum nearly as long as urn. Spores papillose, 18 p.
  HABITAT: On soil around base of trees, or on stumps and rotting
wood, swampy places.
DISTRIBUTION: New      York (Long Island), Kentucky, Tennessee,
Georgia, Alabama.
  Florida: Common throughout the state.

           Syrrhopodon ligulatus Mont. PLATE 30
  Plants in inconspicuous, small, loose tufts, brownish green. Leaves
crisped when dry, ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt and rounded; upper leaves
long, narrow; costa short, often bearing thread-like or club-shaped pro-
pagula on its upper side below the apex; large hyaline cells filling most
of the base, rounded above, conspicuous; upper leaf cells densely papil-
lose, obscure; marginal cells uniform except near the base, where a few
elongated cells form a hyaline border.
  HAn1TAT: On bark of trees.
  DISTRIEUTION: Wvt  est Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Broward, Citrus, Dade, Escambia, Glades, Hendry, Hills-
borough, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Seminole, Sumter, Suwan-
nee, Wakulla, Washington Counties.


        Syrrhopodon parasiticus (Sw.) Besch.         PLATE 31
  Plants in small tufts or occasionally scattered, usually only a few on
any given tree, dull green or brownish. Leaves crisped when dry, lower
leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper propaguliferous leaves deltoid, often in
rosettes; apex acute or obtuse, but not rounded; large hyaline cells occupy-
ing a small area of the sheathing base, terminating above in narrowly
acute angles next to the costa; upper leaf cells papillose; elongated hyaline
cells often forming a border extending from base to about two-thirds the
leaf length. Propagula filamentous, with 5-20 cross-walls, numerous and
conspicuous, sonietimes covering ventral side of costa from apex to basal
hyaline area,
  HABITAT: On trees, especially Carpinus.


              CALYMIPERACEAE         31

           Syrrhopodon txanus Sull. PLATE 29
 Plants in dark green or brown cushions, 1-4 cmn high. Leaves crisped
 when dry, linear or ligulate, variously modified above, often consisting
 almost entirely of the costa, especially in propaguliferous leaves; clusters
of filamentous propagula terminal; costa rough on both surfaces; upper
leaf cells papillose; margin of elongated, hyaline cells, coarsely toothed
almost the entire length of the leaf; area of basal hyaline cells forming
acute angles above. Seta 1-2 cm     long; capsule erect, cylindric, with
operculum nearly as long as urn. Spores papillose, 18 p.
  HABITAT: On soil around base of trees, or on stumps and rotting
wood, swampy places.
  DISTRIBUTION: New       York   (Long Island), Kentucky, Tennessee,
Georgia, Alabama.
  Florida: Common throughout the state.


           Syrehopodon ligulatus Mont. PLATE 30
  Plants in inconspicuous, small, loose tufts, brownish green. Leaves
crisped when dry, ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt and rounded; upper leaves
long, narrow; costa short, often bearing thread-like or club-shaped pro-
pagula on its upper side below the apex; large hyaline cells filling most
of the base, rounded above, conspicuous; upper leaf cells densely papil-
lose, obscure; marginal cells uniform except near the base, where a few
elongated cells form a hyaline border.
  fIABITAT: On bark of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Broward, Citrus, Dade, Escambia, Glades, Hendry, Hills-
borough, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Seminole, Sumter, Suwan-
nee, Wakulla, Washington Counties.


        Syrehopofon parasiticus (Sw.) Besch. PLATE 31
  Plants in small tufts or occasionally scattered, usually only a few on
any given tree, dull green or brownish. Leaves crisped when dry, lower
leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper propaguliferous leaves deltoid, often in
rosettes; apex acute or obtuse, but not rounded; large hyaline cells occupy-
ing a small area of the sheathing base, terminating above in narrowly
acute angles next to the costa; upper leaf cells papillose; elongated hyaline
cells often forming a border extending from base to about two-thirds the
leaf length. Propagula filamentous, with 5-20 cross-walls, numerous and
conspicuous, sometimes covering ventral side of costa from apex to basal
hyaline area.
  HABITAT: On trees, especially Carpinus.



32


32SE                           32                                         32OID


32


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


32


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


DITsRIBcUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Centeal and Southe Ameeica,
Galapagos Islands.
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collies, Colnnsbia, Dade, Cadsden, Haedee,
Hendty, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Libeety, Manatee,
Macion, Nassan, Okaloosa, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumtee, Taylor,
Waknlla, Walton Coonties.

              POTTIACEAE

  Plants omall, in tofts ursocattesed, groswing on soil or, mote conmmonly,
on limestooe; stems erect, beanched or onbeanched. Leaves fete to nom-
erous and croswded, feequently contoeted wxhen dey, broadly oeate to
linear-lanceolats; costa strong, ending below  apes, peecueeent orexcr
sent into an awvn; npper leaf cells nsually stoall, thicb-wvalledl, papillose,
obscusee; basal cells laeger, subqnastrote to eectangular, thin-swatted, tote
oe less byahine; otaegins plane, eolled inward os dowonward, entire so finelv
toothed. Capsoles osoid to cylindric, immessed or on along seta, eers,
symumetric, cleistocarpons oe wth an opercsslons, gymnossomousuer with
a peristome; calvptea hood-shaped; opercnlum beaked; pesisteme single,
of l6bstraightsor twisted teeth from abaslmembrane, etieordivided
into 32 slendee, papillose furks.
               KEcr O CENEnA
1. tLesees seats, seatulate, or tingutate
  2. Lest ares broadly sounded; celts tas, pettocid
    3. Cetts pardtloses---.-- ....----------- .-----------Ctynostonietls
    3. Cetls smooth- __-    ---.-- -- ---------------   Spltobretn
  2. Leat ses arose or obtuse; cells skirts-matted, not pettocid
      3Levsbnoadtv ovate, sexs coaselt and irreguntarly toothed; caesote
      salceitocarous,andncseditssnte compctv cseed
             leav s__         ------------- aeu lnt
    o. Leesbungutate,aexuentieornmiuevtootsed
       4.Laes broad, ses obtuse, stiuhtly aricustate; maegins ptane or se-
       cred obove, irregularly and finely toothed; nper test cells small,
       eapidtose, basat cetts hvahine she tutt width of she base..-yorehits
       4Levstsendee, ores gradualvy taperingo taousndcd dp; margins
       plsne, sometimes minutetv to,,tked shoe, Rper test etts cooed,
       elnspcousty bulging; hvatioc basat cetts eutcnding weltu orthe
       magin; plants seep smatt_____-- .-_--------- Luisiesetha
 1.Leases ovase-tanreotate, oblong-lanceoltse, us linear-tanceolate
 2. Mtasgsns plane in nper half ot test, rolled messed us undee trom mid-test
    so base
      t.La eoleder, seostly tier-lonceolote
      4. Ares obtuse so subacute
      5. Cos percurrent or excursent insa t-eelsmuco; median and
         tones margins rolted inuard; hyvsine cells estenshngtfartbee or
         she moogis thou at she cosa, torming a V ....----- Tuoella
       5. Costa ending below ses; maegins sometimes recnrved sosward
         bass; basal celts less rapilouse than the nper, but ot torming
         a V-------C----p---------------------------Gmeostomnm
     4. Ares acute


DISTIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Centeal and South America,
Galapagos Islands.
Plorida: Alachua, Citrus, Collies, Colunsbia, Dade, Gadsden, Harder,
Hendry, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee,
Mlarion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Polk, Santo Rosa, Sensinole, Sumter, Taylor,
Wabulla, Walton Counties.

              POTTI IAC EAE
  Plants small, in tufts or scattered, grossing On soil or, mote conmmonly,
on limestone; stems erect, branched or unbranched. Leaves fews so num-
  eosand   crtowded, frequensly contorced    when   dry, broadly ovate to
linear-lanceolate; costa strong, ending betlo- atpex, percurrent or esxssr-
sent into an awvn; upper leaf cells usually small, thicb-swalled, papillose,
obscure; basal cells larger, subquadrate to rectangulae, thin-scaled, more
oe less ky-altos; margins plane, soiled inwvased us dsosnward, entire to finely
toothed. Capsules ovoid to cylindric, imnerssed us on a long sets, erect,
symmeteic, eleistocarpous us wvith an operculum, gymnostonsous or svith
a peristome; calyptra hood-shaped; opersulum beaked; peristonse single,
of lb straight us tw-issed teeth frona a basal membrane, entire us divided
into 32 slender, papillose forks.
               KEY sO CENRA
1. Leases oesae-, spatulate, us lingulate
  2. Lest ares broadly ronnded; edit lax, pellucid
    3.  Lells  psriltose ----. -----------------. . .------  ...G mnostorniella
    3. Lells smooth.       ..--------------. ..------------------ placboobsesm
  2. Lest apes aeste us sobtate; cells thick-walled, ot ellucid
    3. Leaves broadlv ovate, ares eoarselv and irresnlarly toothed; capsule
    small, cleistocarpous, sod enclosed wsithin the comractlv clustered
    leaves.. .........._.....-------_-- Acaulon.
    3. Leases Ongulate, ares entire us minuey toothed
    4. Leases broad, ares obsuse, slightly aricuaste; margins clone usre
       cureed oboe, irregulardv sod ftushy toothed; upper test cedit small,
       papillose, basal cells hyaline she toll ssidth silkse base-Heorbila
     4. Leaesdsendeaexraduallvtapridottosaooundedori; marins
       plone, sometimes minutele toothed above, uprrs test cdbl round,
       conspicuouslv bulging; hyvlbne basal cells estending sol1 or she
       margin; plants  vry  small -   -     -     --.......................Luisirelo
1. Leaees ovate-lanceolte, ohlong-lanceolate, os lioear-lanceoltate
  2. Margins clone is upper halt of lest, soiled ins-sod us under trom mid-test
    so bass
    3. Leaves slender, mostly linerancsoeolte
    4. Apes obtain us subacute
       S. Cos prcurrent or excurnatunhss-ell mucro; median sod
         lower masgins salted loosed; bvslhne cells extending iarter ur
         she margin thou at lbs costs, forming a V.   -      Tortella
       5. Cos ending helow ses; margins sometimes recurveed towsard
         base; basal cells less papitlose than Ike uppe, bus not forming
         a V..    ..------------------- .....C----ymnotmum
     4. Apes acute


DTRnUTION: WVest Indies, Mbesico, Central and South America,
Galapagos Islands.
  Plosida: Alachua, Citrus, Collies, Columbia, Dade, Gadsden, Hordes,
Hendry, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee,
Macion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Taylos,
Wakulla, Walton Counties.

              POTTIACEAE
  Plants small, in tufts or scattered, groswing on soil or, mote comamonly,
son limestone; stenos erect, branched or unbranched. Leaves fesv so sum-
erous and crowded, fequensly contorted ohen dry, broadly ovate to
linear-lanccolate; costa strong, ending helsts apes, percurrent us excur-
sent into an aswn; upper leaf cells ussually small, thick-ssalled, papillose,
obscure; basal cells larger, subquadratc to rectaogudar, thin-walled, nmore
or less hsyalioc; maegins plane, solled inwared or edownwcared, entire so finely
toothed. Capsules ovoid to cylindrie, immsed or on a long sets, erect,
symtric, cleistocarpous us wcith an opereulum, gymnosteoous or with
a peristome; calypta baud-shaped; operculum beaked; peristome single,
of lb straight or twisted teeth fromahbasal membrane, sotre us divided
into 32 slender, papillose tucks.
               tKns O GENERA
1. Leases seats, spatulate, us lingulate
  2. Lest ares broadly eonded; celh tox, pellucd
    3. Cells esritusse..--------------------_.-_---------CGynostorniella
    3. Cells smooth ...-----------------.................Setachnobrysm
    Lest ses acute us obtuse- cells thick-walled, not pelluscid
    3. Leaves broadyeovate,apexcaselyvnd iregularltoed;ecsule
    small, cleistocarpous, and enclosed switbin she compactdv clstered
       -ev s-.-.d-e...... . ....... ---- -- .A aulo n
    3. Leaves lintulate, ares enie us minustvl tootbed
    4. Leases broad, ares obtuse, dlightvy apiculate; margins noane us as-
       cussed abuse, irregualansd fnelv toothed; urper lest cells smaRl,
       paillose, basal cells byaline lbs toll width ofaths bate-I_.lesebilo
     4. Leavssldeder, apexgaduallvstaprigtosaounudedti;magins
       plone, sometimes minutely toothed aove, nper test cedts round,
       consricosly bulging; hyalbne basal cells extending well1 or she
       moodsn; plants ery small ..............--..-----.Luisipertllo
1. Leases ovate-laoltoe, oblong-lanceolate, uslna-lnelt
  2. Maregins plane in upper halt of leaf, rolled iso-sod us under trom mid-teat
    to base
    3. Leaees slender, mostlyvtiea-lacuote
    4. Ares obtuse so subacute
       5. Lose percurrent sor excursent insa 1-cell muco; median and
         towes margdns rodled mnasd; hyale cells extending ifartber ur
         the margdn thsn at the osta, foaming a V__._---   Tostetta
       5. C ota en dint belom aes; margins sometimes recursed somward
         base; basal cells less papillose thou the nppes, but sot forming
         asV - -  -  --... .---.-.--- Gymostomum
     4. Apes acute




POTTIACEAE


33


POTTIACEAE


33


       5. Uosta excrrensinto along, slender, hyalfise habr-point._-._
                                 Dsmatodon
        5.Costa ending below apes orecurnt, butntfobmig along
        hair-pont
        6. Tip fOquently hyalinse; costa pecurrnt so excrrnt; mr
           gins plane, cnpicuously tooshed just aoee hyaline base....
                                  Eclabdiums
         6. Tip green; costa ending welt below apes, obscured by the
           smitl papillosse cribs; margins plane, entise in loser part....
                                  Mctleod-a
  2. Marogins inolledorecvd
    3. Leases lalate t ierlnelt
    4. Pcdstsome present
       5. Platssall,nuully notoer .5cmal; leav2-3mm    og;
         margins marlted; costa 40-43 sewide at huse; peristome, poorly
         developed, teeth divided orentire, and inseted well below
         msouth  of  the  capsul  ....................- - ------- h_ eissia
       5. Platslager,l1-2cmstall; lepa  -smo- m og; m  rgins
         inlled;tlafbaeshin; sta abt   70yn  idatbs; pri-
           stmeof 16 teeth divided insto 32 filiform divisions, insetd
           at ous f capsule . . . Tricbhostomum
     4. Peditoe absent; operculm small, poory defined, su~ally not de-
       hiseent; leaf mnargis platte or invoslute. .      Aston,s
    3. Leaves ovate-laneolate
    4. Costa ending below ape intsender tip, obscured by chlorophyl-
        loecells; smydiass leaf margins oftesmeurved..._.__idynedsn
     4. Costa prcen  o errest
       5. Upperaf   argins plane, seemred at base, entire orfinely
         soothed; cellb densely papillose oly obscurely so; peristome
         scabh losng, slender, twisted. . . . OBaebula
       5. Upypert leanmrgins plane, inurd at base, entire so irregularly
         seabhed as ape; pesome meeb stsaight  .     Dcsssatodms
 "No fruitigspecesoFlrdaave ben,bthe peistoestructre
 is so cbaateristic shas I included it, knoingbathaherisalways the possibility
 thatfurhercllcing will reslt in indinsgssmatueapsuls.


              OY33NOSTOA3IELL A

          Cymnontomiella orcutlii Barte. PLATE 32

 Ptlants minute, grosving in loose colonies, delicate, pale green; stems
 1-3 mm high, usually onheanched, reddish. Lowee leaves almost round,
 distans, upper leaves laegee, longee, and moreceowvded, sometimes forming
rosetses, sheiveled n-hen dry, erect-speeading frons anarow, subclasping
hase swhen moist, ohovate to spatulate, broadly rounded at apex, margin
plane, svith cell papillae foeming minutc teeth atlong snargin to nmid-leaf
op helows; costa sweak, yellosvish, ending svell belosv apes; upper leaf cells
lax, hesagonal, pellucid, swith lsto seereal laege papillae; loycer cells larg-
er, longer, less papillose, smooths at insercion. Not fruiting in Florida.
Thc heownish, ovoid, asillary propagula desceihed he Bartram and
Ceum svere absent in the Plorida specimens examined.
HABLTAT:; On limestone.


       5. Cotta excurrent into a long, slender, byaline bait-paint.-- -_
                                 Ijesmatydo,
       5. Coutacending belon-apeseor escrrnt, butnotsforming alng
         bair-point
         0. Tip freqoently hyaline; costa percurrent to excurrent  ar
           tins plane, conspicusously toothbed lost abose byaline hate-..
                                  Eucladium~
         6. Tip green; costa ending welt belowe apes, obscured by she
           snail papillose cetls; margins plane, entire in loner past....-
                                  Mlendna
  2. Mtarginss inrolled or recurved
    3. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanccelatc
    4. Peristome peesens
       5. Planttsmatl,usualtynot over .5enal; leaes2-3mmlng;
         margins inrolled; costa 40-45 y wide a~t base; prissome poorly
         developed, teeah disided or cnnire, and inserted weell belowe
         month of she capsole .------ ...........W__._ds-csia
       5. Pltaslaege,l1-2cmstall;leavsup to 45mm lng; magins
         lurolled; leaf bases shiny; aosta abet 70 y wide as base; peri-
         stone of 16 scabh divided into 32 filorm divisions, inserted
         as month of capsule"............... ...... ...Trichostomum
     4. Peristone abscnt; operculum small, poodly defined, nsually not de-
       hiscent; leaf margins plane oe involote.     .     .A--------------nsomom
    3. Leaves ovate-laneolate
    4. Costa ending helaow apes is, she slcndee sip, obscored by cblorophyl-
       lose cells; median teal maegints ofsteecnrved .b...lymedes
     4. Costapecrettexuet
       5. Upper leaf margins plane, recured as hate, entire or finely
         tootshed; cells densely papillose or only obscurely so; peristome
         seeth long, dlendr, twisted . . . .O____--------arbola
       5. Up pee leaf margins plane, bscasoed as base, entire to irregularly
         tootbed as apes; perstome seabh straigbs       Desmatodon,
 'Na fruitg specimens Item Flosida have been seen, bus she peistomestrentore
 is s chatacteristic tbos I inclnded at, knowting that these is abways she possibility
 that fnrthser collecting will resuob in finding noate capsules.


              GYMNOSTOM5IELLA

          Gymnostomiella necutlii Barte. - PLATE 32

 Plants minute, growing in loose colonies, delicate, pale green; stems
 1-3 mm high, usually unhrancbed, reddish. Caower leaves almost round,
 distant, upper leaees laeger, longer, and ore cersw-ded, sometimes forming
rosettes, sheiveled swhen dry, erect-spreading feom a narrosw, suhclasping
base nwhen snoist, ohovate so spatulase, broadly rounded at apex, margin
plane, with cell papillae forming minute teeth along maegin to mid-leaf
oe belowe; costa weak, yellowish, ending well belows apes; uppee leaf cells
lax, hexagonal, pellucid, wish 1 to several large papillae; lower cells larg-
cr, longer, less papillose, smooth at insertsion. Not feuiting in Flsrida.
The beownish, ovoid, axillary peopagula described by Biarteam and
Crunm were absent ins the Florida specimens examined.
HInTAT: On limestone.


                     POTTICEAE33

       5. Cost a excurrent into a long, slender, byaline bait-point .-....
                                 Desmatodon
       5. Costaending beloweapeoexscrent, btnotlformng along
         bair-point
         6. Tip freqautly byaline; costa prcurrent so escurreot; mar-
           gins plane, conspicuously toothed just above byaline hate.-..
                                  cucladiunm
         6. Tip green; costacending incH below apes, obscured by she
           small papillose cribs; margins plane, entire in loner poet.-.
                                  Atslenda
  2. Mlarginsinrolld on recurvedi
    3. Leaves lanceoltae solieranoat
    4. Pristome present
       5. Plantssmnal, usuallnot over .5Ocnal; levs2-3mmog;
         margins intoled; costa 40-45 y n-ide as hate; peristome poodly
         developed, teeth divided or ensire, and inserted well below
         month nof she capsmle .....--..------ ..       _. Weissia
       5. Plants larger, 1-2 ca al; leavesnup to4-5 mmenlng; margins
         inrolle;leafhbatssshin; costa abot 70ynideat base; pri-
         naome nof 16 teeth divided into 32 filiorsm diisions, inserted
         as month of capsule.__ _... . __ ___ _Trchstmun,
     4. Peristome absent; apercalam smaHl, poorly defined, usually not de-
       hiscens; teal margins plane nreinvolot.     .     ._-----afmume
    3. Leaves a-ate-lanceolate
    4. Costa ending below apes in she slender sip, ohscared by chloropbyl-
       lose cells; median leaf macgins elten scnesed.Didymoden
     4. Coata percorrent toexurn
       5. Upper teal margins plane, ecurved as base, entire or finely
         toothed; cells densrly papillose on only obscurely so; peristome
         seesh long, dleoder, twisted. . . . arbula
       5. Upper teal margins plane, incusred as base, entire toairegudarly
         scathed at apes; prstome teeth straight       iDesmatodlon
  No feuiting specimens Iran Plorida hoe been tees, bus she peristomeustuctue-
is so cbanacteristic that I included is, knowing that thre is always she possibility
that fueshes collecting n-itl result in finding mature capsules.


              fiYANOSTOAIIELLA

          Gymnostomiella orcutlii Barte,. PLATE 32
 Plants minute, growing in loose colonies, delicate, pale green; stems
 1-3 inn high, usually unbranched, reddish. Lower leaves almost round,
 distant, upnper leaves larer, longer, and mope croswded, somoetimes forming
rosettes, shriveled swhen dry, rect-spreading from a narrow, subclasping
base when msoist, ohovase so spatultae, broadly rounded as apex, margin
plane, swith cell papillae forming moinuse teeth along margin In mid-leaf
or helonw; costa weak, yelloswish, ending well belosw apes; uppee leaf cells
lax, hexagonal, pellucid, wish 1 ts several large papillae; looser cells larg-
er, longer, less papillose, smooth atoinsrti~on. Not feuising in Flarida.
The bronish, ovoid, asillary propagula described hr Biartram and
Crum werre absent in the Florida specimsens examined.
HABITAT: On limestone.



34           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico.
  Florida: Dade, Jackson, Marion Counties.

              SPLACHNOBRYUM

        Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) C. M. PLATE 33
  Plants loosely tufted, 2-5 mm high, occasionally larger, dark green;
stems simple to occasionally branched, red to orange, with conspicuous
basal rhizoids. Lower leaves widely spaced and spreading, the upper larg-
er, crowded, erect, ovate, spatulate, or ligulate, upper margin entire to
finely toothed; costa slender, ending below the apex; upper and median
leaf cells lax, thin-walled, smooth, oblong-hexagonal, 2-3: 1, becoming
smaller and nearly quadrate at the margins; basal cells larger and longer.
Colorless filamentous axillary propagula occasionally present. Not fruiting
in Florida.
  HABITAT: On limestone or calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; Georgia
(Stone Mountain), Louisiana, Arizona.
  Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.

                ACAULON
         Acaulon rufescens Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 32
  Plants growing in loose colonies, minute, subglobose or bulb-like, red-
dish-brown; stems very short; protonemata persistent. Leaves subclasping,
the upper larger than the lower, concave, broadly ovate, upper margins
plane, coarsely and irregularly toothed; costa excurrent into a short point
or ending below apex; upper leaf cells short, smooth, becoming wider and
longer toward base. Dioicous. Antheridia in small lateral buds at base of
stems, surrounded by 3-4 perigonial leaves. Seta very short. Capsule small,
immersed, subglobose, slightly apiculate, eleistocarpous. Spores brown,
finely papillose, 39-42 y, mature December-January.
HABITAT: On sandy soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.

                HYOPHILA

        Hyophila tortula (Schwaegr.) Hampe PLATE 34
 Plants in small tufts, dark green to brownish; stems erect, branching.
Leaves crowded, inrolled and crisped when dry, erect-spreading when
moist, lingulate to spatulate, concave, slightly decurrent, apices obtuse
and apiculate, margins entire below, entire to irregularly toothed in tip;
costa ending a few cells below the apex to percurrent, sometimes slightly


34           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico.
  Florida: Dade, Jackson, Marion Counties.

              SPLACHNOBRYUM

        Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) C. M. PLATE 33
  Plants loosely tufted, 2-5 mm   high, occasionally larger, dark green;
stems simple to occasionally branched, red to orange, with conspicuous
basal rhizoids. Lower leaves widely spaced and spreading, the upper larg-
er, crowded, erect, ovate, spatulate, or ligulate, upper margin entire to
finely toothed; costa slender, ending below the apex; upper and median
leaf cells lax, thin-walled, smooth, oblong-hexagonal, 2-3: 1, becoming
smaller and nearly quadrate at the margins; basal cells larger and longer.
Colorless filamentous axillary propagula occasionally present. Not fruiting
in Florida.
  HABITAT: On limestone or calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; Georgia
(Stone Mountain), Louisiana, Arizona.
  Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.

                ACAULON
         Acaulon rufescens Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 32
  Plants growing in loose colonies, minute, subglobose or bulb-like, red-
dish-brown; stems very short; protonemata persistent. Leaves subclasping,
the upper larger than the lower, concave, broadly ovate, upper margins
plane, coarsely and irregularly toothed; costa excurrent into a short point
or ending below apex; upper leaf cells short, smooth, becoming wider and
longer toward base. Dioicous. Antheridia in small lateral buds at base of
stems, surrounded by 3-4 perigonial leaves. Seta very short. Capsule small,
immersed, subglobose, slightly apiculate, eleistocarpous. Spores brown,
finely papillose, 39-42 p, mature December-January.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.

                HYOPHILA

        Hyophila tortula (Schwaegr.) Hampe PLATE 34
 Plants in small tufts, dark green to brownish; stems erect, branching.
 Leaves crowded, inrolled and crisped when dry, erect-spreading when
 moist, lingulate to spatulate, concave, slightly decurrent, apices obtuse
 and apiculate, margins entire below, entire to irregularly toothed in tip;
 costa ending a few cells below the apex to percurrent, sometimes slightly


34


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico.
  Florida: Dade, Jackson, Marion Counties.

              SPLACHNOBRYUM

        Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) C. M. PLATE 33
  Plants loosely tufted, 2-5 mm high, occasionally larger, dark green;
stems simple to occasionally branched, red to orange, with conspicuous
basal rhizoids. Lower leaves widely spaced and spreading, the upper larg-
er, crowded, erect, ovate, spatulate, or ligulate, upper margin entire to
finely toothed; costa slender, ending below the apex; upper and median
leaf cells lax, thin-walled, smooth, oblong-hexagonal, 2-3: 1, becoming
smaller and nearly quadrate at the margins; basal cells larger and longer.
Colorless filamentous axillary propagula occasionally present. Not fruiting
in Florida.
  HABITAT: On limestone or calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; Georgia
(Stone Mountain), Louisiana, Arizona.
  Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.

                ACAULON
         Acaulon rufescens Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 32
  Plants growing in loose colonies, minute, subglobose or bulb-like, red-
dish-brown; stems very short; protonemata persistent. Leaves subclasping,
the upper larger than the lower, concave, broadly ovate, upper margins
plane, coarsely and irregularly toothed; costa excurrent into a short point
or ending below apex; upper leaf cells short, smooth, becoming wider and
longer toward base. Dioicous. Antheridia in small lateral buds at base of
stems, surrounded by 3-4 perigonial leaves. Seta very short. Capsule small,
immersed, subglobose, slightly apiculate, cleistocarpous. Spores brown,
finely papillose, 39-42 p, mature December-January.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.

                HYOPHILA

        Hyophila tortula (Schwaegr.) Hampe PLATE 34
 Plants in small tufts, dark green to brownish; stems crect, branching.
Leaves crowded, inrolled and crisped when dry, erect-spreading when
moist, lingulate to spatulate, concave, slightly decurrent, apices obtuse
and apiculate, margins entire below, entire to irregularly toothed in tip;
costa ending a few cells below the apex to percurrent, sometimes slightly



POTTIACEAE


35


POTTIACEAE


35


POTTIACEAE


35


papillose on back; cells in upper part of leaf small, round to quadrate,
bulging on the upper surface, gradually becoming larger, rectangular, and
hyaline below. Large multicellular, club-shaped propagula in axils of
leaves. Not fruiting in Florida.
HABITAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Dade, Marion, Sumter, Volusia
Counties.

               LUISIERELLA

        Luisierella barbula (Schwaegr.) Steere       PLATE 34
        Desmatodon barbula (Schwaegr.) Grout
 Plants very small and inconspicuous, gregarious, dark green to reddish;
 stems short, not exceeding about 2 mm. Leaves crisped when dry, spread-
ing when moist, slenderly lingulate, often keeled, apex rounded to ob-
tusely acute, margins plane or slightly inrolled, entire; costa ending a
few cells below the apex, obscured by bulging cells; upper leaf cells round,
pellucid, prominently bulging on the upper surface, less so on the lower;
basal cells rectangular, hyaline, sharply differentiated, extending up the
margins; perichaetial leaves slightly smaller but otherwise undifferenti-
ated. Dioicous. Seta reddish-brown, erect, up to 10 mm long. Capsule
cylindric, slender, erect and symmetric, dark reddish-brown; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum beaked, about half the length of the urn; annu-
lus present; peristome teeth short, linear, entire or irregularly divided,
papillose. Spores brown, smootl-, 7.5-8.5 y.
HABITAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Bermuda, British Honduras, Brazil;
Texas.
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon,
Madison, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.
Easily overlooked even when fruiting because the plants are so small
and blend in with the dull, dirty surface of long-exposed limestone. My
experience in the field has led me to examine any limestone having a
reddish-brown color rather than gray, for frequently the reddish color
denotes a few scattered plants of this species.

                TORTELLA
 Plants in loose mats, yellowish-green to brownish; stems erect, short,
 simple or branched, with matted brown radicles at bases. Leaves crowded,
 crisped and contorted when dry, exposing the whitish bases, spreading to
recurved when moist, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering to
an acute apex or short muero, upper margins plane or rolled inward,


papillose on back; cells in upper part of leaf small, round to quadrate,
bulging on the upper surface, gradually becoming larger, rectangular, and
hyaline below. Large multicellular, club-shaped propagula in axils of
leaves. Not fruiting in Florida.
HAB1TAT: On limestone.
  DIsTR1BUTION: Florida: Citrus, Dade, Marion, Sumter, Volusia
Counties.

               LUISIERELLA

        Luisierella barbula (Schwaegr.) Steere          PLATE 34
        Desmatodon barbula (Schwaegr.) Grout
 Plants very small and inconspicuous, gregarious, dark green to reddish;
 stems short, not exceeding about 2 mm. Leaves crisped when dry, spread-
ing when moist, slenderly lingulate, often keeled, apex rounded to ob-
tusely acute, margins plane or slightly inrolled, entire; costa ending a
few cells below the apex, obscured by bulging cells; upper leaf cells round,
pellucid, prominently bulging on the upper surface, less so on the lower;
basal cells rectangular, hyaline, sharply differentiated, extending up the
margins; perichaetial leaves slightly smaller but otherwise undifferenti-
ated. Dioicous. Seta reddish-brown, erect, up to 10 mm long. Capsule
cylindric, slender, erect and symmetric, dark reddish-brown; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum beaked, about half the length of the urn; annu-
lus present; peristome teeth short, linear, entire or irregularly divided,
papillose. Spores brown, smooth, 7.5-8.5 p.
HABITAT: On limestone. ,
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Bermuda, British Honduras, Brazil;
Texas.
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon,
Madison, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.
Easily overlooked even when fruiting because the plants are so small
and blend in with the dull, dirty surface of long-exposed limestone. My
experience in the field has led me to examine any limestone having a
reddish-brown color rather than gray, for frequently the reddish color
denotes a few scattered plants of this species.

                TORTELLA
 Plants in loose mats, yellowish-green to brownish; stems erect, short,
 simple or branched, with matted brown radicles at bases. Leaves crowded,
 crisped and contorted when dry, exposing the whitish bases, spreading to
recurved when moist, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering to
an acute apex or short muero, upper margins plane or rolled inward,


papillose on back; cells in upper part of leaf small, round to quadrate,
bulging on the upper surface, gradually becoming larger, rectangular, and
hyaline below. Large multicellular, club-shaped propagula in axils of
Ieaves. Not fruiting in Florida.
HABITAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Dade, Marion, Sumter, Volusia
Counties.

               LUISIERELLA
        Luisierella barbula (Schwaegr.) Steere          PLATE 34
        Desmatodon barbula (Sebwaegr.) Grout
 Plants very small and inconspicuous, gregarious, dark green to reddish;
 stems short, not exceeding about 2 mm. Leaves crisped when dry, spread-
ing when moist, slenderly lingulate, often keeled, apex rounded to ob-
tusely acute, margins plane or slightly inrolled, entire; costa ending a
few cells below the apex, obscured by bulging cells; upper leaf cells round,
pellucid, prominently bulging on the upper surface, less so on the lower;
basal cells rectangular, hyaline, sharply differentiated, extending up the
margins; perichaetial leaves slightly smaller but otherwise undifferenti-
ated. Dioicous. Seta reddish-brown, erect, up to 10 mm long. Capsule
cylindric, slender, erect and symmetric, dark reddish-brown; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum beaked, about half the length of the urn; annu-
lus present; peristome teeth short, linear, entire or irregularly divided,
papillose. Spores brown, smooth, 7.5-8.5 p.
HABITAT: On limestone. ,
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Bermuda, British Honduras, Brazil;
Texas.
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon,
Madison, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.
Easily overlooked even when fruiting because the plants are so small
and blend in with the dull, dirty surface of long-exposed limestone. My
experience in the field has led me to examine any limestone having a
reddish-brown color rather than gray, for frequently the reddish color
denotes a few scattered plants of this species.

                TORTELLA
 Plants in loose mats, yellosvish-green to brownish; stems erect, short,
 simple or branched, with matted brown radicles at bases. Leaves crowded,
 crisped and contorted when dry, exposing the whitish bases, spreading to
recurved when moist, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering to
an acute apex or short muero, upper margins plane or rolled inward,



36           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
wavy; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, often shiny when dry; upper
leaf cells rounded, thick-walled, papillose; lower cells larger, rectangular,
hyaline, and extending obliquely up the margins in a V-shaped line.
Monoicous or dioicous. Seta long, reddish; capsule cylindric, erect and
symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped, covering most of the capsule; operculum
long-beaked, about one-half the length of the urn; annulus absent; peri-
stome inserted below   the mouth of the urn, of 32 long, red, slender,
spirally twisted, papillose teeth.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate; apex obtuse, abruptly mucronate; monoicous._ T. humilis
Leaves more slender, shorter; apex gradually narrowing to a point but not mucero-
nate; dioicous.___..__ _...... . ... _ ..............T. lavovirens

         Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 35
         Tortella caespitosa (Schwaegr.) Limpr.
  Plants tufted; stems short, simple or branched. Leaves crisped and
contorted when dry, the whitish bases and the costa shiny and conspicu-
ous, widely spreading when moist, oblong-lanceolate, apex somewhat
hood-shaped, abruptly obtuse, muceronate by the excurrent costa, margins
plane above, inrolled in median and lower part; upper and median leaf
cells rounded, thick-walled, densely papillose; basal cells larger, rectangu-
lar, hyaline, and extending farther up the margins than at the costa,
forming a distinct V-shaped area. Monoicous. Seta reddish to yellowish-
brown, long; capsule cylindric, erect or nearly so; calyptra hood-shaped;
operculum long-beaked; annulus absent; peristome as for the genus.
Spores brown, smooth, 6.5-9 y,
HAB11AT: On limestone, calcareous soils, occasionally around the
roots of trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Duval,
Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion,
St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton,
Washington Counties.

         Tortella flavovirens (Bruch) Broth.
 Characters indicated in the key are supposedly adequate to distinguish
 this species from T. humilis. However, leaf variations are such that sterile
 material is difficult if not impossible to name with any assurance. The
 sex organs of both species occur reasonably often, especially during the
winter months, in which case identification can be made.
HAeITAT: On coquina rock, limestone, and calcareous soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Hernando, Pasco, St. Johns
Counties.


36          MOSSES OF FLORIDA              36


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


wavy; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, often shiny when dry; upper
leaf cells rounded, thick-walled, papillose; lower cells larger, rectangular,
hyaline, and extending obliquely up the margins in a V-shaped line.
Monoicous or dioicous. Seta long, reddish; capsule cylindric, erect and
symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped, covering most of the capsule; operculum
long-beaked, about one-half the length of the urn; annulus absent; peri-
stome inserted below the mouth of the urn, of 32 long, red, slender,
spirally twisted, papillose teeth.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate; apex obtuse, abruptly mueronate; monoicous__T. humilis
Leaves more slender, shorter; apex gradually narrowing to a point but not mucro-
nate; dioicous.. .     .     ._________________.__.._ _ _ ..T. lavovirens

         Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 35
         Tortella caespitosa (Schwaegr.) Limpr.
  Plants tufted; stems short, simple or branched. Leaves crisped and
contorted when dry, the whitish bases and the costa shiny and conspicu-
ous, widely spreading when moist, oblong-lanceolate, apex somewhat
hood-shaped, abruptly obtuse, muceronate by the excurrent costa, margins
plane above, inrolled in median and lower part; upper and median leaf
cells rounded, thick-walled, densely papillose; basal cells larger, rectangu-
lar, hyaline, and extending farther up the margins than at the costa,
forming a distinct V-shaped area. Monoicous. Seta reddish to yellowish-
brown, long; capsule cylindric, erect or nearly so; calyptra hood-shaped;
operculum long-beaked; annulus absent; peristomc as for the genus.
Spores brown, smooth, 6.5-9 p.
HABITAT: On limestone, calcareous soils, occasionally around the
roots of trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Duval,
Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion,
St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton,
Washington Counties.

         Tortella flavovirens (Bruch) Broth.
 Characters indicated in the key are supposedly adequate to distinguish
 this species from T. humilis. However, leaf variations are such that sterile
 material is difficult if not impossible to name with any assurance. The
 sex organs of both species occur reasonably often, especially during the
winter months, in which case identification can be made.
HAnITAT: On coquina rock, limestone, and calcareous soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Hernando, Pasco, St. Johns
Counties.


wavy; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, often shiny when dry; upper
leaf cells rounded, thick-walled, papillose; lower cells larger, rectangular,
hyaline, and extending obliquely up the margins in a V-shaped line.
Monoicous or dioicous. Seta long, reddish; capsule cylindric, erect and
symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped, covering most of the capsule; operculum
long-beaked, about one-half the length of the urn; annulus absent; peri-
stome inserted below   the mouth of the urn, of 32 long, red, slender,
spirally twisted, papillose teeth.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate; apex obtuse, abruptly mucronate; monoicous....T. humilis
Leaves more slender, shorter; apex gradually narrowing to a point but not mucro-
nate;  dioicous................._. .......... ... ......... .. . ...........______. ___T .  favovire ns


Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jennings
Tortella caespitosa (Scbwaegr.) Limpr.


PLATE 35


  Plants tufted; stems short, simple or branched. Leaves crisped and
contorted when dry, the whitish bases and the costa shiny and conspicu-
ous, widely spreading when moist, oblong-lanceolate, apex somewhat
hood-shaped, abruptly obtuse, muceronate by the excurrent costa, margins
plane above, inrolled in median and lower part; upper and median leaf
cells rounded, thick-walled, densely papillose; basal cells larger, rectangu-
lar, hyaline, and extending farther up the margins than at the costa,
forming a distinct V-shaped area. Monoicous. Seta reddish to yellowish-
brown, long; capsule cylindric, erect or nearly so; calyptra hood-shaped;
operculum   long-beaked; annulus absent; peristome as for the genus.
Spores brown, smooth, 6.5-9 p.
HABITAT: On limestone, calcareous soils, occasionally around the
roots of trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Duval,
Gadsden, Hernando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion,
St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton,
Washington Counties.

         Tortella flavovirens (Bruch) Broth.
 Characters indicated in the key are supposedly adequate to distinguish
 this species from T. humilis. However, leaf variations are such that sterile
 material is difficult if not impossible to name with any assurance. The
 sex organs of both species occur reasonably often, especially during the
winter months, in which case identification can be made.
HABITAT: On coquina rock, limestone, and calcareous soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Hernando, Pasco, St. Johns
Counties.



POTThACEAE            37                   POTTIACEAE            37                   POTTIAuEAE            37


              GYM NOSTOM UMJ

 Gymuosfomum cafcareum Nees, Hoenscb. & Sturm PLATE 36
 Plants in deuse tufts, pale hluish-geen~ above, brosvcish below; stems
ereet, op to 8-10 mm high, hrauchiug, svithbrhosvu radicles as she base.
Leaves laueeolate, larger above, ecsvwded as apex of stecs, ectorsed ssheu
dey, stpreadiug aoed seeuresde swhen msaist, margins plaue, samesimes ic-
eulled at base, apices rounded-obtuse or subaeute; eosta steoug, ending
seereal cells belosw the apex; uppee leaf eells small, esund to quadease,
thick-stalled, densely papillase ac bash suefaees, obseare; basal cells oeae
eusta recetangular, 2-3: 1, pellcid. Not feuisiug iu Florida.
HAuITAT: Oc moist limesonue.
DISTRIBUTION: Floeida; Citeus, Columubia, Gadssleu, Jacksou, Suus-
tee, Wakulla Couuties.

               DESMATODON
 Plauss small, tufted, greec so brovuish; stems usually uobeanched.
 Leaves ecswded, inucved aud coutocted swheu dey, erct-spreading swheu
 moist, ovate- to obloug-lauceolate, acute so acumsinase, eutire to fincely
 toothed ueae apex, margics place so ineollcd; costa stonog, peecurenc oe
 excesnet ino a hy-alice haie-point; uppee leaf cells small, quadeate to
 bexagocal, shich-wsalled, bulgiug at papillose; lou-er leaf cells laeget, rec-
 taugular, becomiug bvaline at hose. Dioieous. beta bung, sleudee, tsvisted;
 casleeect or neaely so, cyliudric; calypsea hood-shaped, almost covee-
 lug sthe capsule; opeeculum lcng-beaked; auculus peeseus; peefotome teeth
 ietegulaely toicteed aned divided, papillose. Spores smooths oe slightly papil-
 lose, 6-8 pt, msature Decembee to Maech.
 Uper leases cote-lanceolate, costa endiut ic cc belowe cccx..-...._D. areri
 Uper leaves oblong-taceolte, costa escurent cud foemiut a hyaline haie-eoict
                                D. plinthbhiuo

         Desmaftodou garerie Lusq. & James PLATE 37
         Desmatodou speugelii (Schwaegr.) \Wims.
 P~lants sufted; stems siusple oe oceasioually brauchiug. Leases smsall
helosw, largee aud cesswded abase, incueveed aned somesthas tuholar svheu
dry, erect-sprcadiug swhen moist, osase-lauccolase, apicubate, ectire o
slightly toothed ic apical cegion; costa stong, endiug just belosw cc ic
she apex; upper leaf cells eround to hexagonal, bulgiug cc the upper side,
gradually hecomiug larger, rctaugular, aud hyalice tosward she base. Di-
oiccus. Aushecidia iu terminal clustecs, paraphyses numeeross. Capsule
exseted cc a loug seta, cyliudrie; ealyptra hood-shaped, cos-eeing moss
of the capsule; operculum conic, long-beched; aunulus a single cost of


              GYMNOSTO3I UM~

 Gymnostomum cafcareum Neas, Hornsch. & Sturm PLATE 36
 Plants in deuse tufts, pale hluish-geen abase, hbrowcish belosw; stems
 erect, op to 3-to usm high, heauching, wsith hroswn radicles as she base.
Leaves lauceolase, larger above, crcovded at apex of stem, conorted when
dryspeading and recurvedos-hen moist, margins place, sousetimes in-
culled as base, apices rouded-obtuse cc suhacute; costa strong, ending
several cells hblow the apex; upper leaf cells suall, round to quadrate,
thick-wvalled, densely papillose cc bush surfaces, obsece; basal cells near
costa rectanular, 2-3: 1, pellucid. Nut fruitiug ic Florida.
H~sABITT On moist himestone.
DISTRcIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jackson, bum-
tee, Wahulla Counties.

               DESMATODON
 Plants small, tufted, greec so brosvnish; stems utsually unbrachled.
 Leaves crosveed, incurved cud coutorted swhen dry, ereet-spreading when
 moist, ovate- to oblong-lauceolate, acute so acuminate, eutire to fincely
 toothed uear apex, margics place to inrolled; costa steong, percurentc at
 excurent iu a hyaline hair-point; upper leaf cells small, quadrate so
 hexagonal, shick-swalled, bulging cc papillose; lowcer leaf cells lirger, rec-
 taugular, becoming byaliue as hase. Dioiecous. beta bung, sleudee, tssisted;
 capsule erce t orcnarly so, cyliudric; ealypsea hsood-shafed, almost cos-er-
 lug she capsule; operculum long-beabed; aunulus peenu; peristomse teeth
 irregularly poicted cud divided, papillose. Spoes susooth at slightly papil-
 lose, 6-8  , tmature December to Match.
 Upes leces ovate-laceolate, costa tundiut in cc heloasex ccx-- - H..... gareri
 Upereeleaveshbon-laceolteecsta execreut and forming ahylietai-poitu
                                D. elisthsobius

         Detmafodon garberi Lesq. & James PLATE 37
         Desmatodonuspeeii (Secswaegr.) Wins.
 Planss tufted; stems simple or oceasioualby brauchiug. Leaes  small
 helosw, larger cud cowded above, iucurved cud sotueswhas tuhular wxhen
 dry, erees-spreading wshen moist, ovate-baneolate, apiculate, eusire cc
 slightly toothed ic apical regiou; cotta stroug, endiug just belost cci
 she apex; upper leaf cells round to hexagoual, bulgiug cc the uppee side,
 gradually becomiag largcer, rectaugular, cud hyaline tosvard she base. Di-
 oicous. Aushecidia in termiual elustecs, paraphysesumerous. Capsule
 exserted onualoug seta, cylindric; calyptea hood-shaped, coseriug most
 of the capsule; operculum cunic, long-beaked; auuulus a single cost of


              GYMNOSTOM UM

 Gymuosfomum cafcareum Neat, Hocnsc. & Sturm PLATE 36
 Plants in deuse tufts, pale bluish-green above, brcovnish belowv;scums
erect, op to 3-10 mm high, branchinsg, wsith brosvn radicles as she base.
Leaves lanceolase, larger above, etowded at apex of stem, consorsed uhen
dry, speading and recurved swhen moist, utargins place, sometimoes its-
tolled as base, apices rounded-ohtuse cc suhacute; cotta strong, ending
several cells hbe the a pex; upper leaf cells small, round to quadease,
thick-wvalled, deusely papillose on bosh surfaces, ahscure; basal cells cear
eosta rectangulae, 2-3;:1, pellucid. Nut frutinug in Florida.
HABcTAT: On moist limestoue.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden, Jacksou, bum-
see, Wahulla Counties.

               DES3MATODON
 Plantsssall, tufted, geen so brostuish; stems usually ucbranched.
 Leaves cowded, incursed cud eoutorted when dry, erect-speading svheu
 tcoist, ovate- to obloug-laueolate, acute to acuminate, entice to ficely
 toothed near apex, margins place to iceolled; costa strong, percucenct at
 exettrrent in a hsyaline hair-point; upper leaf cells small, qtuadreate to
 hexagonal, thich-swalled, bulging cc papillose; lowcer leaf cells lirgee, rec-
 taugulae, becotng byaliue as base. Dioiccous. beta bung, sleuder, twisted;
 capsule erc t orcearly so, cyliudric; calypsra hood-shaped, almost cosver-
 lug she- capsule; operculum long-beaked; annulus preseus; perissomse teeth
 irregularly pointed cud divided, papillose. Spates smooth or slightly papil-
 lose, 6-8Semature Decemberto March.
 Upter leases ovate-laceoltate, eosta endiut in cc heloc apex..___-H---. arehe
 Uter teases ohloug-tanceolte, costa exeurrent ana forming a healine hair-poiut
                                D. plisthois

         Decmafcodon garberi Lesq. & Jamus PLATE 37
         Desmatodontspenugelii (bScswaegr.) Wims.
 Plauss tufted; stems simple te occasiouaby heauchiug. Leases small
helosw, larger cud ecaowded above, incurved cud someswhat tuhular wxhen
dry, erct-speading sshen moist, ovat-lanceolate, apicubate, eusie cc
slightly toothed in apical region; costa stroug, endiug just below cc to
she a pex; upper leaf cells round to hexagonal, bulgiug cc the uppee side,
gradually hecoming larger, rectaugulac, cud hyalice loaod she base. Di-
oicous. Autheridia iu termiual clusters, pacaphyses umuerous. Capsule
exserted cc a long seta, cyliudric; calyptra hood-shaped, coveriug moss
of the capsule; opetculum conie, bung-beaked; auuulus a single cost of



3d           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
inflated, hyaline cells; peristome teeth yellow-orange, jointed near base,
irregularly divided, papillose. Spores smooth or slightly papillose, 6-8 p.
HABITAT: On limestone.
DISTRIEUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Marion,
Monroe, Sumter Counties.


38           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
inflated, hyaline cells; peristome teeth yellow-orange, jointed near base,
irregularly divided, papillose. Spores smooth or slightly papillose, 6-8 a.
  HAn1TAT: On limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Marion,
Monroe, Sumter Counties.


38


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


inflated, hyaline cells; peristome teeth yellow-orange, jointed near base,
irregularly divided, papillose. Spores smooth or slightly papillose, 6-8 p.
HABITAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Marion,
Monroe, Sumter Counties.


Desmatodon plinthobius Sull. & Lesq. ex
            Sull. in Gray


PLATE 37


Desmatodon plintbObius Sull. & Lesq. ex
            Sull. in Gray


PLATE 37


Desmatodon plinthobius Sull. & Lesq. ex
            Sull. in Gray


PLATE 37


Plants in small, pale green to brownish, dense tufts; stems short.
Leaves crowded, oblong-lanceolate, incurved and contorted when dry,
erect-spreading when moist, the upper longer than the lower; margins
recurved from apex to mid-leaf or below; costa strong, excurrent into a
hyaline hair-point; upper leaf cells quadrate, densely chlorophyllose, papil-
lose on both surfaces; median cells larger, quadrate to rectangular, with
fewer papillae, the marginal row narrower, smooth, and finely toothed by
projecting cell angles; basal cells large, rectangular, hyaline. Dioicous. An-
theridia in terminal clusters. Capsule as in D. garberi except somewhat
constricted below the mouth. Spores smooth, about 8 p.
HAI1TAT: On limestone, old brick walls, calcareous soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jackson, Leon Counties.

               EUCLADIUM

      Eucladium verticillatum (With.) BSG PLATE 36
 Plants in dense, sometimes extensive tufts, pale glaucous-green, frag-
 ile; stems branching. Leaves closely pressed to the stem and somewhat
 contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate, tip
 frequently hyaline, acute or apiculate; margin      plane, conspicuously
 toothed with out-curving teeth just above the base where hyaline and
 chlorophyllose cells meet; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, forming
 most or all of the upper part of the leaf; upper and median leaf cells
 short-rectangular, densely papillose; basal cells larger, longer, hyaline.
 Not fruiting in Florida.
 HABITAT: On moist limestone, especially where water occasionally
 drips, accumulating deposits of calcareous tufa.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua,        Citrus,  Columbia,    Gadsden,
 Jackson, Leon, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.

               MOLENDOA

        Molendoa sendtneriana (BSG) Limpr. PLATE 35
 Plants densely tufted, bluish green at tips, brownish toward base.


  Plants in small, pale green to brownish, dense tufts; stems short.
Leaves crowded, oblong-lanceolate, incurved and contorted when dry,
erect-spreading when moist, the upper longer than the lower; margins
recurved from apex to mid-leaf or below; costa strong, excurrent into a
hyaline hair-point; upper leaf cells quadrate, densely chlorophyllose, papil-
lose on both surfaces; median cells larger, quadrate to rectangular, with
fewer papillae, the marginal row narrower, smooth, and finely toothed by
projecting cell angles; basal cells large, rectangular, hyaline. Dioicous. An-
theridia in terminal clusters. Capsule as in D. garberi except somewhat
constricted below the mouth. Spores smooth, about 8 p.
  HABtTAT: On limestone, old brick walls, calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jackson, Leon Counties.

               EUCLADIUM

       Eucladium verticillatum (With.) BSG PLATE 36
 Plants in dense, sometimes extensive tufts, pale glaucous-green, frag-
 ile; stems branching. Leaves closely pressed to the stem and somewhat
 contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate, tip
 frequently hyaline, acute or apiculate; margin      plane, conspicuously
 toothed with out-curving teeth just above the base where hyaline and
 chlorophyllose cells meet; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, forming
 most or all of the upper part of the leaf; upper and median leaf cells
 short-rectangular, densely papillose; basal cells larger, longer, hyaline.
 Not fruiting in Florida.
 HABITAT: On moist limestone, especially where water occasionally
 drips, accumulating deposits of calcareous tufa.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua,        Citrus,  Columbia,    Gadsden,
 Jackson, Leon, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.

                MOLENDOA

        Molendoa sendtneriana (BSG) Limpr. PLATE 35
  Plants densely tufted, bluish green at tips, brownish toward base.


  Plants in small, pale green to brownish, dense tufts; stems short.
Leaves crowded, oblong-lanceolate, incurved and contorted when dry,
erect-spreading when moist, the upper longer than the lower; margins
recurved from apex to mid-leaf or below; costa strong, excurrent into a
hyaline hair-point; upper leaf cells quadrate, densely chlorophyllose, papil-
lose on both surfaces; median cells larger, quadrate to rectangular, with
fewer papillae, the marginal row narrower, smooth, and finely toothed by
projecting cell angles; basal cells large, rectangular, hyaline. Dioicous. An-
theridia in terminal clusters. Capsule as in D. garberi except somewhat
constricted below the mouth. Spores smooth, about 8 p.
  HAB1TAT: On limestone, old brick walls, calcareous soils.
  DISTnRBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Jackson, Leon Counties.

               EUCLADIUM

       Eucladium verticillatum (With.) BSG PLATE 36
 Plants in dense, sometimes extensive tufts, pale glaucous-green, frag-
ile; stems branching. Leaves closely pressed to the stem and somewhat
contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate, tip
frequently hyaline, acute or apiculate; margin      plane, conspicuously
toothed with out-curving teeth just above the base where hyaline and
chlorophyllose cells meet; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent, forming
most or all of the upper part of the leaf; upper and median leaf cells
short-rectangular, densely papillose; basal cells larger, longer, hyaline.
Not fruiting in Florida.
HABITAT: On moist limestone, especially where water occasionally
drips, accumulating deposits of calcareous tufa.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua,        Citrus,  Columbia,    Gadsden,
Jackson, Leon, Sumter, Wakulla Counties.

                MOLENDOA

        Molendoa sendtneriana (BSG) Limpr. PLATE 35
  Plants densely tufted, bluish green at tips, brownish toward base.



POTTIACEAE            39                   POTTIACEAE            39                   POTTIACEAE            39


Leaves loosely arranged and with incurved apices when dry, erect-spread-
ing when moist, brittle, linear-lanceolate, apices acuminate; margins
plane, entire; costa prominent, ending several cells below the apex, the
upper part obscured by the small papillose cells, in cross section showing
2 bands of small thick-walled cells and 2 rows of large cells below the
upper surface layer; upper leaf blade 2 cells thick, becoming 1 cell thick
about mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells small, thick-walled, more
or less round, with 1-2 papillae per cell; basal cells short-rectangular,
smooth, not conspicuous.
HABITAT: On moist limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Tennessee, North Carolina.
Florida: Marianna Caverns State Park, Jackson County (several sta-
tions within the park area).
                 WEISSIA

           Weissia controversa Hedw. PLATE 38
             Weissia viridula Hedw.
 Plants small (not over .5 cm high), densely tufted, yellowish- or
 bluish-green; stems short, erect, simple or branching. Leaves crisped and
 contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate, keeled,
 sharply acuminate; margins inrolled and almost covering the costa; costa
 strong, excurrent in a short mucero; upper leaf cells small, rounded, thick-
walled, densely papillose on both surfaces, obscure; basal cells large,
rectangular, hyaline. Monoicous. Seta yellow to golden brown, straight,
up to about 10 mm in length; capsule cylindric, erect and symmetric
or nearly so, smaller at the mouth; calyptra hood-shaped, nearly as long
as the urn; operculum obliquely long-beaked; annulus present; peristome
of 16 yellowish-brown, short, papillose teeth, forked or perforate, and
inserted well below the mouth of the urn. Spores golden brown, rough,
16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On exposed soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

              TRICHOSTOMUM
       Trichostomum jamaicense (Mitt.) Jaeg. PLATE 38
          Weissia jamaicensis (Mitt.) Grout
 Plants in loose mats, dark green to brownish, stems 1-2 cm high,
 branching. Leaves crisped and contorted when dry, spreading when moist,
 concave, linear-lanceolate from a broader base; apex hood-shaped and
 sharply tipped by the shortly excurrent costa; margins conspicuously in-
 rolled; upper leaf cells small, rounded, densely papillose on both sur-


Leaves loosely arranged and with incurved apices when dry, erect-spread-
ing when moist, brittle, linear-lanceolate, apices acuminate; margins
plane, entire; costa prominent, ending several cells below the apex, the
upper part obscured by the small papillose cells, in cross section showing
2 bands of small thick-walled cells and 2 rows of large cells below the
upper surface laver; upper leaf blade 2 cells thick, becoming 1 cell thick
about mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells small, thick-walled, more
or less round, with 1-2 papillae per cell; basal cells short-rectangular,
smooth, not conspicuous.
HABITAT: On moist limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Tennessee, North Carolina.
Florida: Marianna Caverns State Park, Jackson County (several sta-
tions within the park area).
                 WEISSIA


Weissia controversa Hedw.
  Weissia viridula Hedw.


PLATE 38


Plants small (not over .5 cm high), densely tufted, yellowish- or
bluish-green; stems short, erect, simple or branching. Leaves crisped and
contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate, keeled,
sharply acuminate; margins inrolled and almost covering the costa; costa
strong, excurrent in a short mucro; upper leaf cells small, rounded, thick-
walled, densely papillose on both surfaces, obscure; basal cells large,
rectangular, hyaline. Monoicous. Seta yellow to golden brown, straight,
up to about 10 mm in length; capsule cylindric, erect and symmetric
or nearly so, smaller at the mouth; calyptra hood-shaped, nearly as long
as the urn; operculum obliquely long-beaked; annulus present; peristome
of 16 yellowish-brown, short, papillose teeth, forked or perforate, and
inserted well below the mouth of the urn. Spores golden brown, rough,
16-18 p.
HABITAT: On exposed soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

              TRICHOSTOMUM
       Trichostomum jamaicense (Mitt.) Jaeg. PLATE 38
          Weissia jamaicensis (Mitt.) Grout
 Plants in loose mats, dark green to brownish, stems 1-2 cm high,
branching. Leaves crisped and contorted when dry, spreading when moist,
concave, linear-lanceolate from a broader base; apex hood-shaped and
sharply tipped by the shortly excurrent costa; margins conspicuously in-
rolled; upper leaf cells small, rounded, densely papillose on both sur-


Leaves loosely arranged and with incurved apices when dry, erect-spread-
ing when moist, brittle, linear-lanceolate, apices acuminate; margins
plane, entire; costa prominent, ending several cells below the apex, the
upper part obscured by the small papillose cells, in cross section showing
2 bands of small thick-walled cells and 2 rows of large cells below the
upper surface layer; upper leaf blade 2 cells thick, becoming 1 cell thick
about mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells small, thick-walled, more
or less round, with 1-2 papillae per cell; basal cells short-rectangular,
smooth, not conspicuous.
  HABITAT: On moist limestone.
  DISTRIBUT1ON: Tennessee, North Carolina.
  Florida: Marianna Caverns State Park, Jackson County (several sta-
tions within the park area).
                 WEISSIA

           Weissia controversa Hedw. PLATE 38
             Weissia viridula Hedw.
  Plants small (not over .5 cm high), densely tufted, yellowish- or
bluish-green; stems short, erect, simple or branching. Leaves crisped and
contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, linear-lanceolate, keeled,
sharply acuminate; margins inrolled and almost covering the costa; costa
strong, excurrent in a short mucro; upper leaf cells small, rounded, thick-
walled, densely papillose on both surfaces, obscure; basal cells large,
rectangular, hyaline. Monoicous. Seta yellow to golden brown, straight,
up to about 10 mm in length; capsule cylindric, erect and symmetric
or nearly so, smaller at the mouth; calyptra hood-shaped, nearly as long
as the urn; operculum obliquely long-beaked; annulus present; peristome
of 16 yellowish-brown, short, papillose teeth, forked or perforate, and
inserted well below the mouth of the urn. Spores golden brown, rough,
16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On exposed soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

              TRICHOSTOMUM
       Trichostomum jamaicense (Mitt.) Jaeg. PLATE 38
          Weissia jamaicensis (Mitt.) Grout
  Plants in loose mats, dark green to brownish, stems 1-2 cm high,
branching. Leaves crisped and contorted when dry, spreading when moist,
concave, linear-lanceolate from a broader base; apex hood-shaped and
sharply tipped by the shortly excurrent costa; margins conspicuously in-
rolled; upper leaf cells small, rounded, densely papillose on both sur-



40           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
faces, obscure; basal cells larger, short-rectangular, hyaline or yellowish.
Fruiting plants from  Florida not seen. When sterile, plants closely re-
semble Tortella humilis.
  HAnITAT: On limestone and calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; Oklahoma,
Missouri, Texas, Georgia, Arizona.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Suwannee, Wakulla Counties.

                ASTOMUM

  Plants small, in loose colonies, dull green; stems very short, erect, with
brown radicles at base. Upper leaves longer and more crowded than the
lower, crisped when dry, erect or slightly spreading when moist, lanceo-
late, keeled; margins entire, plane or inrolled; costa percurrent to excur-
rent; upper leaf cells small, round or quadrate, papillose on both surfaces;
lower cells larger, rectangular, hyaline. Autoicous. Capsule small, im-
mersed, spherical to elliptic, apiculate; calyptra small, hood-shaped, soon
detached; operculum small, poorly defined, or absent; peristome absent.
Leaves lanceolate, margins inrolled; seta much shorter than the capsule.
                             A. muhlenbergianum
Leaves linear, margins usually plane; seta as long or longer than the capsule....
                               A. ludovicianum

     Astomum muhlenbergianum (Sw.) Grout PLATE 39
 Plants in loose tufts; stems short, usually unbranched. Upper and
 perichaetial leaves larger than the lower, lanceolate, strongly inrolled
 above, margins entire; costa strong, excurrent into a short muro; upper
leaf cells rounded-quadrate, densely papillose; lower cells larger, quad-
rate to rectangular, narrower along the margin, smooth. Seta shorter
than the capsule, about the same length as the vaginule; capsule spherical,
apiculate; operculum poorly differentiated, the line of separation visible
only on fully mature capsules; peristome absent. Spores rough, brown,
30-32 a. Mature in March.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.

    Astomum ludovicianum (Sull. in Gray) Sull. PLATE 39
  Upper leaves longer and narrower than those of the preceding, usually
the tip narrower and more pronounced; margins usually plane. Seta as
long or longer than the capsule. Capsule elliptic; operculum very small,
clearly differentiated. Spores warty, brown, 30 p.
  HABITAT: Sandy soil or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Madison, Washington Counties.


40           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

faces, obscure; basal cells larger, short-rectangular, hyaline or yellowish.
Fruiting plants from  Florida not seen. When sterile, plants closely re-
semble Tortella humilis.
  HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; Oklahoma,
Missouri, Texas, Georgia, Arizona.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Suwannee, Wakulla Counties.

                ASTOMUM

  Plants small, in loose colonies, dull green; stems very short, erect, with
brown radicles at base. Upper leaves longer and more crowded than the
lower, crisped when dry, erect or slightly spreading when moist, lanceo-
late, keeled; margins entire, plane or inrolled; costa percurrent to excur-
rent; upper leaf cells small, round or quadrate, papillose on both surfaces;
lower cells larger, rectangular, hyaline. Autoicous. Capsule small, im-
mersed, spherical to elliptic, apiculate; calyptra small, hood-shaped, soon
detached; operculum small, poorly defined, or absent; peristome absent.
Leaves lanceolate, margins inrolled; seta much shorter than the capsule .
                             A. muhlenbergiamon
Leaves linear, margins usually plane; seta as long or longer than the capsule...._.
                               A. ludovicianum

     Asfomum muhlenbergianum (Sw.) Grout PLATE 39
 Plants in loose tufts; stems short, usually unbranched. Upper and
perichaetial leaves larger than the lower, lanceolate, strongly inrolled
above, margins entire; costa strong, excurrent into a short mucro; upper
leaf cells rounded-quadrate, densely papillose; lower cells larger, quad-
rate to rectangular, narrower along the margin, smooth. Seta shorter
than the capsule, about the same length as the vaginule; capsule spherical,
apiculate; operculum poorly differentiated, the line of separation visible
only on fully mature capsules; peristome absent. Spores rough, brown,
30-32 p. Mature in March.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.

    Asfomum ludovicianum (Sull. in Gray) Sull. PLATE 39
  Upper leaves longer and narrower than those of the preceding, usually
the tip narrower and more pronounced; margins usually plane. Seta as
long or longer than the capsule. Capsule elliptic; operculum very small,
clearly differentiated. Spores warty, brown, 30 p.
  HABITAT: Sandy soil or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Madison, Washington Counties.


40


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


faces, obscure; basal cells larger, short-rectangular, hyaline or yellowish.
Fruiting plants from Florida not seen. When sterile, plants closely re-
semoble Tortella humilis.
  HAB1TAT: On limestone and calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America; Oklahoma,
Missouri, Texas, Georgia, Arizona.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Suwannee, Wakulla Counties.

                ASTOM3UM

  Plants small, in loose colonies, dull green; stems very short, erect, with
brown radicles at base. Upper leaves longer and more crowded than the
lower, crisped when dry, erect or slightly spreading when moist, lanceo-
late, keeled; margins entire, plane or inrolled; costa percurrent to excur-
rent; upper leaf cells small, round or quadrate, papillose on both surfaces;
lower cells larger, rectangular, hyaline. Autoicous. Capsule small, im-
mersed, spherical to elliptic, apiculate; calyptra small, hood-shaped, soon
detached; operculum small, poorly defined, or absent; peristome absent.
Leaves lanceolate, margins inrolled; seta much shorter than the capsule.
                             A. muhlenbergianum
Leaves linear, margins usually plane; seta as long or longer than the capsule
                               A. ludovicianum

     Asomum muhlenbergianum (Sw.) Grout PLATE 39
 Plants in loose tufts; stems short, usually unbranched. Upper and
perichaetial leaves larger than the lower, lanceolate, strongly inrolled
above, margins entire; costa strong, excurrent into a short mucro; upper
leaf cells rounded-quadrate, densely papillose; lower cells larger, quad-
rate to rectangular, narrower along the margin, smooth. Seta shorter
than the capsule, about the same length as the vaginule; capsule spherical,
apiculate; operculum poorly differentiated, the line of separation visible
only on fully mature capsules; peristome absent. Spores rough, brown,
30-32 p. Mature in March.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.

    Asomum ludovicianum (Sull. in Gray) Sull. PLATE 39
  Upper leaves longer and narrower than those of the preceding, usually
the tip narrower and more pronounced; margins usually plane. Seta as
long or longer than the capsule. Capsule elliptic; operculum very small,
clearly differentiated. Spores warty, brown, 30 p.
  HABITAT: Sandy soil or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Madison, Washington Counties.



               POTTIACEAE            41
               DIDYMODON
          Didymodon fuscoviridis Card. PLATE 40
 Plants in small dense mats, dark green, up to 8-9 mm tall. Leaves
 crowded, closely pressed to the stem and somewhat contorted when dry,
 spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margins entire to finely
 toothed, rolled under in mid-leaf; costa strong, ending below apex in the
 slender tip, in cross section showing a median row of 4-6 large thin-
 walled cells with distinct dorsal and ventral bands of small thick-walled
 cells; leaf cells throughout arranged in rows parallel to the costa, the
 upper and median cells rounded, papillose, median marginal cells regu-
larly hexagonal, lower cells quadrate, becoming rectangular and smooth
at the base; perigonial leaves broader at base and tapering more abruptly
to the blunt tip, enclosing a cluster of antheridia and paraphyses. No
perichaetia observed. Brown spherical propagula abundant in axils of
upper leaves.
  HABITAT: On damp brick walls.
  DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, Mexico, Central America.
  Florida: Leon County (Killairn Gardens State Park).

                BARBULA
 Plants erect, small, not exceeding 10 mm, loosely to compactly tufted,
 yellowish-green to reddish-brown. Leaves contorted when dry, erect-
 spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or finely toothed,
 plane above, often recurved in lower part; costa percurrent or excurrent
 in a short mucro; upper leaf cells isodiametric, papillose or smooth; basal
 cells larger, quadrate to rectangular, smooth. Dioicous. Seta long, red,
 twisted when dry. Capsules terminal, exserted, erect, cylindric, red or
 brownish; operculum long-beaked, about the same length as the urn;
 annulus present or absent; peristome inserted below the mouth, divided
 almost to the base into 32 slender, red, densely papillose divisions twisted
 spirally in several turns. Spores smooth, very small.
 Leaves widest at base; upper cells small, round-quadrate, densely papillose; axil-
lary propagula conspicuous.........___.___.--------_......._.......... . cruegeri
Leaves widest above middle; upper cells larger, irregularly quadrate to hexagonal,
smooth;  propagula  absent....__........_......_..... ..___......_.......__...--- - - - - -  . agraria

         Barbula cruegeri Sond. ex C. M. PLATE 41
 Plants in dense tufts or cushions, yellowish-green to brown; stems
reddish, 2-8 mm, simple or branching. Leaves contorted and inrolled
when dry, erect-spreading when moist; oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, a short,
hyaline or yellowish mucro formed by the terminal cell of the costa,
margins plane above, recurved at base; upper leaf cells small, round to


POTTIACEAE


41


POTTIACEAE


41


               DIDYMODON
          Didymodon fuscoviridis Card. PLATE 40
 Plants in small dense mats, dark green, up to 8-9 mm tall. Leaves
 crowded, closely pressed to the stem and somewhat contorted when dry,
 spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margins entire to finele
 toothed, rolled under in mid-leaf; costa strong, ending below apex in the
 slender tip, in cross section showing a median row of 4-6 large thin-
 walled cells with distinct dorsal and ventral bands of small thick-walled
 cells; leaf cells throughout arranged in rows parallel to the costa, the
 upper and median cells rounded, papillose, median marginal cells regu-
larly hexagonal, lower cells quadrate, becoming rectangular and smooth
at the base; perigonial leaves broader at base and tapering more abruptly
to the blunt tip, enclosing a cluster of antheridia and paraphyses. No
perichaetia observed. Brown spherical propagula abundant in axils of
upper leaves.
  HABITAT: On damp brick walls.
  DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, Mexico, Central America.
  Florida: Leon County (Killairn Gardens State Park).

                BARBULA
 Plants erect, small, not exceeding 10 mm, loosely to compactly tufted,
 yellowish-green to reddish-brown. Leaves contorted when dry, erect-
 spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or finely toothed,
 plane above, often recurved in lower part; costa percurrent or excurrent
 in a short muero; upper leaf cells isodiametric, papillose or smooth; basal
 cells larger, quadrate to rectangular, smooth. Dioicous. Seta long, red,
 twisted when dry. Capsules terminal, exserted, erect, cylindric, red or
 brownish; operculum long-beaked, about the same length as the urn;
 annulus present or absent; peristome inserted below the mouth, divided
 almost to the base into 32 slender, red, densely papillose divisions twisted
 spirally in several turns. Spores smooth, very small.
 Leaves widest at base; upper cells small, round-quadrate, densely papillose; axil-
 lary  propagula  conspicuous_.....- - --...... .. ....___......._.__...._.....B.  cruegeri
 Leaves widest above middle; upper cells larger, irregularly quadrate to hexagonal,
smooth; propagula absent..---     ---..........-......... ...-.... agraria

         Barbula cruegeri Sond. ex C. M. PLATE 41
 Plants in dense tufts or cushions, yellowish-green to brown; stems
reddish, 2-8 mm, simple or branching. Leaves contorted and inrolled
when dry, erect-spreading when moist; oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, a short,
hyaline or yellowish mucro formed by the terminal cell of the costa,
margins plane above, recurved at base; upper leaf cells small, round to


               DIDYIODON
          Didymodon fuscoviridis Card. PLATE 40
  Plants in small dense mats, dark green, up to 8-9 mm tall. Leaves
crowded, closely pressed to the stem and somewhat contorted when dry,
spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, concave, margins entire to finely
toothed, rolled under in mid-leaf; costa strong, ending below apex in the
slender tip, in cross section showing a median row of 4-6 large thin-
walled cells with distinct dorsal and ventral bands of small thick-walled
cells; leaf cells throughout arranged in rows parallel to the costa, the
upper and median cells rounded, papillose, median marginal cells regu-
larly hexagonal, lower cells quadrate, becoming rectangular and smooth
at the base; perigonial leaves broader at base and tapering more abruptly
to the blunt tip, enclosing a cluster of antheridia and paraphyses. No
perichaetia observed. Brown spherical propagula abundant in axils of
upper leaves.
  HABITAT: On damp brick walls.
  DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, 1exico, Central America.
  Florida: Leon County (Killairn Gardens State Park).

                BARBULA
  Plants erect, small, not exceeding 10 mm, loosely to compactly tufted,
yellowish-green to reddish-brown. Leaves contorted when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or finely toothed,
plane above, often recurved in lower part; costa percurrent or excurrent
in a short muero; upper leaf cells isodiametric, papillose or smooth; basal
cells larger, quadrate to rectangular, smooth. Dioicous. Seta long, red,
twisted when dry. Capsules terminal, exserted, erect, cylindric, red or
brownish; operculum long-beaked, about the same length as the urn;
annulus present or absent; peristome inserted below the mouth, divided
almost to the base into 32 slender, red, densely papillose divisions twisted
spirally in several turns. Spores smooth, very small.
Leaves widest at base; upper cells small, round-quadrate, densely papillose; axil-
lary  propagula  conspicuous...-................__.....__..... ......._.............-- - - - B. cruegeri
Leaves widest above middle; upper cells larger, irregularly quadrate to hexagonal,
smooth; propagula absent...---.....-...........  .......--------................B. agraria

         Barbula cruegeri Sond. ex C. M. PLATE 41
 Plants in dense tufts or cushions, yellowish-green to brown; stems
 reddish, 2-8 mm, simple or branching. Leaves contorted and inrolled
when dry, erect-spreading when moist; oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, a short,
hyaline or yellowish mucro formed by the terminal cell of the costa,
margins plane above, recurved at base; upper leaf cells small, round to



4L           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
quadrate, densely papillose, obscuring the costa in upper part of leaf;
basal cells larger, slightly or not papillose, hyaline. Stalked, multicellular,
club-shaped reddish-brown propagula in leaf axils abundant and con-
spicuous. Dioicous. Seta long, straight, reddish. Capsule erect, cylindric;
calyptra hood-shaped; operculum  long-beaked, about the length of the
urn; annulus absent; peristome teeth dark red, long and slender, closely
twisted, fragile. Spores smooth, 8-12 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone, damp brick walls, calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

            Barbula agraria Hedw. PLATE 41
 Plants in loose tufts, reddish-brown, small and inconspicuous; stems
 very short. Leaves forming a rosette, slightly contorted when dry, spread-
 ing when moist, concave, ovate-lanceolate, widest above middle, gradu-
 ally tapering to the acute apex; costa ending in the mucronate tip; upper
 leaf cells irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, smooth or slightly bulging
 on upper surface, larger than those of B. cruegeri; basal cells larger,
 rectangular, hyaline. Dioicous. Seta elongate, straight, red. Capsule erect
 or nearly so, slender, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum long-
 beaked, as long as urn; annulus large, revoluble; peristome teeth red,
 linear, densely papillose, twisted. Spores smooth, 6-8 p.
 HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout tropical America; Louisiana,
 South Carolina, Texas.
 Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, Franklin, Her-
 nando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee,
 Leon, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Semi-
 nole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties. Found more com-
 monly in south Florida; abundant on limestone on the Keys.


             GRIMMIACEAE
  Plants small to robust, tufted, dark green or blackish, sometimes hoary
at tips; stems simple or branching. Leaves crowded, in many rows, closely
pressed to the stem when dry, spreading when moist, ovate to lanceolate,
sometimes with a hyaline tip; margins entire or toothed; costa absent,
ending near the tip, or excurrent; upper leaf blade 2 or more cells thick,
upper and median cells small, thick-walled, isodiametric, smooth or papil-
lose; lower cells larger, quadrate, rectangular or linear, smooth or nodu-
lose. Capsule exserted on short seta, usually erect, ovoid to cylindric;
calyptra cap-shaped, covering about half the capsule; operculum beaked;
peristome single or absent.


42           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
quadrate, densely papillose, obscuring the costa in upper part of leaf;
basal cells larger, slightly or not papillose, hyaline. Stalked, multicellular,
club-shaped reddish-brown propagula in leaf axils abundant and con-
spicuous. Dioicous. Seta long, straight, reddish. Capsule erect, cylindric;
calyptra hood-shaped; operculum long-beaked, about the length of the
urn; annulus absent; peristome teeth dark red, long and slender, closely
twisted, fragile. Spores smooth, 8-12 i.
  HABITAT: On limestone, damp brick walls, calcareous soils.
  DsSTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

            Barbula agraria Hedw. PLATE 41
 Plants in loose tufts, reddish-brown, small and inconspicuous; stems
 very short. Leaves forming a rosette, slightly contorted when dry, spread-
 ing when moist, concave, ovate-lanceolate, widest above middle, gradu-
 ally tapering to the acute apex; costa ending in the mucronate tip; upper
leaf cells irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, smooth or slightly bulging
on upper surface, larger than those of B. cruegeri; basal cells larger,
rectangular, hyaline. Dioicous. Seta elongate, straight, red. Capsule erect
or nearly so, slender, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum long-
beaked, as long as urn; annulus large, revoluble; peristome teeth red,
inear, densely papillose, twisted. Spores smooth, 6-8 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone and calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout tropical America; Louisiana,
South Carolina, Texas.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, Franklin, Her-
nando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee,
Leon, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Semi-
nole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties. Found more com-
monly in south Florida; abundant on limestone on the Keys.


             GRIMMIACEAE
  Plants small to robust, tufted, dark green or blackish, sometimes hoary
at tips; stems simple or branching. Leaves crowded, in many rows, closely
pressed to the stem when dry, spreading when moist, ovate to lanceolate,
sometimes with a hyaline tip; margins entire or toothed; costa absent,
ending near the tip, or excurrent; upper leaf blade 2 or more cells thick,
upper and median cells small, thick-walled, isodiametric, smooth or papil-
lose; lower cells larger, quadrate, rectangular or linear, smooth or nodu-
lose. Capsule exserted on short seta, usually erect, ovoid to cylindric;
calyptra cap-shaped, covering about half the capsule; operculum beaked;
peristome single or absent.


42


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


quadrate, densely papillose, obscuring the costa in upper part of leaf;
basal cells larger, slightly or not papillose, hyaline. Stalked, multicellular,
club-shaped reddish-brown propagula in leaf axils abundant and con-
spicuous. Dioicous. Seta long, straight, reddish. Capsule erect, cylindric;
calyptra hood-shaped; operculum long-beaked, about the length of the
urn; annulus absent; peristome teeth dark red, long and slender, closely
twisted, fragile. Spores smooth, 8-12 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone, damp brick walls, calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

            Barbula agraria Hedw. PLATE 41
 Plants in loose tufts, reddish-brown, small and inconspicuous; stems
 very short. Leaves forming a rosette, slightly contorted when dry, spread-
ing when moist, concave, ovate-lanceolate, widest above middle, gradu-
ally tapering to the acute apex; costa ending in the mucronate lip; upper
leaf cells irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, smooth or slightly bulging
on upper surface, larger than those of B. cruegeri; basal cells larger,
rectangular, hyaline. Dioicous. Seta elongate, straight, red. Capsule erect
or nearly so, slender, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum long-
beaked, as long as urn; annulus large, revoluble; peristome teeth red,
linear, densely papillose, twisted. Spores smooth, 6-8 p.
  HAntTAT: On limestone and calcareous soils.
  DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout tropical America; Louisiana,
South Carolina, Texas.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, Franklin, Her-
nando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee,
Leon, Levy, Manatee, Marion, Monroe, Orange, Osceola, Pasco, Semi-
nole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties. Found more com-
monly in south Florida; abundant on limestone on the Keys.


             GRIMMIACEAE
  Plants small to robust, tufted, dark green or blackish, sometimes hoary
at tips; stems simple or branching. Leaves crowded, in many rows, closely
pressed to the stem when dry, spreading when moist, ovate to lanceolate,
sometimes with a hyaline tip; margins entire or toothed; costa absent,
ending near the tip, or excurrent; upper leaf blade 2 or more cells thick,
upper and median cells small, thick-walled, isodiametric, smooth or papil-
lose; lower cells larger, quadrate, rectangular or linear, smooth or nodu-
lose. Capsule exserted on short seta, usually erect, ovoid to cylindric;
calyptra cap-shaped, covering about half the capsule; operculum beaked;
peristome single or absent.



GRIMMIACE AE


43                   GRIMMIACE AE4


43


GRIMMIAC EAE          43


1. Leaves without costae. . . _ _ . . .. . edwvigia
1. Leaves costate
  2. Leaves crisped when dry; apices not hyaline or hoary ___.Ptychomitriumo
  2. Leaves not crisped when dry; apices with long rough hyaline hair-point....
                                  .Grimmia

                HEDWIGIA

         Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv.         PLATE 42
 Plants in small loose patches, glaucous green, hoary at tips, irregularly
 branched. Leaves crowded, overlapping, apices recurved when dry, ovate-
 acuminate, the tip of variable length, hyaline and coarsely papillose-spiny;
 margins entire, revolute above; costa absent; cells small, quadrate to
 round, in regular rows, thick-walled, papillose; median basal cells elon-
gate, yellow, porose, cells toward basal margins quadrate, brownish,
pellucid.
  IABITAT: On sandstone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only fron        Washington County
(Rock Hill, about 2 miles south of Chipley).

              PTYCHOMITRIUM
  Plants small, tufted, blackish-green, erect, usually unbranched. Leaves
crowded, crisped when dry, lanceolate to linear, margins entire or toothed;
apex entire or toothed, obtuse to acuminate; costa strong, ending below
apex; upper and median cells small, isodiametric, thick-walled, smooth;
lower cells gradually becoming longer and rectangular toward base, pale.
Autoicous. Antheridial buds axillary, perigonial leaves ovoid. Perichaetial
leaves undifferentiated. Capsule exscrted on short seta, erect, symmetric,
short-eslidric, bright yellow or orange; calyptra cap-shaped, pleated, split
or lobed at base, covering upper half of capsule; operculum conic, beaked,
the long, straight beak nearly as long as the capsule; peristome single, of
16 linear teeth inserted below mouth of capsule, divided nearly to the
base, papillose.


1. Leaves without costae     ...       ............................. tHedwigia
1. Leaves costate
  2. Leaves crisped when dry; apices not hyaline or hoary........_Ptychoietrium
  2. Leaves not crisped when dry; apices with long rough hyaline hair-point.
                                  Grimmia

                HEDWIGIA

         Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. PLATE 42
 Plants in small loose patches, glaucous green, hoary at tips, irregularly
 branched. Leaves crowded, overlapping, apices recurved when dry, ovate-
 acuminate, the tip of variable length, hyaline and coarsely papillose-spiny;
 margins entire, revolute above; costa absent; cells small, quadrate to
 round, in regular rows, thick-walled, papillose; median basal cells elon-
gate, yellow, porose, cells toward basal margins quadrate, brownish,
pellucid.
  HABITAT: On sandstone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known        only from   Washington   County
(Rock Hill, about 2 miles south of Chipley).

              PTYCHOMITRIUM
  Plants small, tufted, blackish-green, erect, usually unbranched. Leaves
crowded, crisped when dry, lanceolate to linear, margins entire or toothed;
apex entire or toothed, obtuse to acuminate; costa strong, ending below
apex; upper and median cells small, isodiametric, thick-walled, smooth;
lower cells gradually becoming longer and rectangular toward base, pale.
Autoicous. Antheridial buds axillary, perigonial leaves ovoid. Perichaetial
leaves undifferentiated. Capsule exserted on short seta, erect, symmetric,
short-cylindric, bright yellow or orange; calyptra cap-shaped, pleated, split
or lobed at base, covering upper half of capsule; operculum conic, beaked,
the long, straight beak nearly as long as the capsule; peristome single, of
16 linear teeth inserted below mouth of capsule, divided nearly to the
base, papillose.
Leaf apex blunt, entire ......... . .._.............P. incurvum
Leaf apex  acuminate, coarsely  toothed..............._.....................P. drummondii

        Ptychomitrium incurvum (Muehlenb. PLATE 43
           ex Schwaegr.) Sull. in Gray
  Plants in small compact tufts. Leaves linear-lanceolate, incurved,
crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist; apex obtuse, entire, the
upper margins sometimes infolded. Leaf form as for genus. Capsules
small, yellowish, exserted on short setae, erect, cylindric; annulus well
developed, revoluble.


1. Leaves without costae.......   Hedwigia
1. Leaves costate
  2. Leaves crisped when dry; apices not hyaline or hoary.........Ptychomitrium
  2. Leaves not crisped when dry; apices with long rough hyaline hair-point
                                  .Grimmia

                HEDWIGIA

         Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. PLATE 42
 Plants in small loose patches, glaucous green, hoary at tips, irregularly
 branched. Leaves crowded, overlapping, apices recurved when dry, ovate-
 acuminate, the tip of variable length, hyaline and coarsely papillose-spiny;
 margins entire, revolute above; costa absent; cells small, quadrate to
 round, in regular rows, thick-walled, papillose; median basal cells elon-
gate, yellow, porose, cells toward basal margins quadrate, brownish,
pellucid.
  HABtTAT: On sandstone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Washington County
(Rock Hill, about 2 miles south of Chipley).

              PTYCHOMITRIUM
  Plants small, tufted, blackish-green, erect, usually unbranched. Leaves
crowded, crisped when dry, lanceolate to linear, margins entire or toothed;
apex entire or toothed, obtuse to acuminate; costa strong, ending below
apex; upper and median cells small, isodiametric, thick-walled, smooth;
lower cells gradually becoming longer and rectangular toward base, pale.
Autoicous. Antheridial buds axillary, perigonial leaves ovoid. Perichaetial
leaves undifferentiated. Capsule exserted on short seta, erect, symmetric,
short-cylindric, bright yellow or orange; calyptra cap-shaped, pleated, split
or lobed at base, covering upper half of capsule; operculum conic, beaked,
the long, straight beak nearly as long as the capsule; peristome single, of
16 linear teeth inserted below mouth of capsule, divided nearly to the
base, papillose.
Leaf apex  blunt, entire--...-..............-- .......................__....--- - - - - - P. incurvum
Leaf apex acuminate, coarsely toothed-...___...- - -....-.............P. drummondii

        Ptychomitrium incurvum (Muehlenb. PLATE 43
           ex Schwaegr.) Sull. in Gray
  Plants in  small compact tufts. Leaves linear-lanceolate, incurved,
crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist; apex obtuse, entire, the
upper margins sometimes infolded. Leaf form      as for genus. Capsules
small, yellowish, exserted on short setae, erect, cylindric; annulus well
developed, revoluble.


Leaf apex blunt, entire....._.___.-_.-
Leaf apex acuminate, coarsely toothed.


.. ..- .................-- _P.  incurvum
................ .............P.  drummondii


        Ptychomitrium incurvum (Muehlenb. PLATE 43
           ex Schwaegr.) Sull. in Gray
  Plants in small compact tufts. Leaves linear-lanceolate, incurved,
crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist; apex obtuse, entire, the
upper margins sometimes infolded. Leaf form    as for genus. Capsules
small, yellowish, exserted on short setae, erect, cylindric; annulus well
developed, revoluble.



44           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
HABITAT: On sandstone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Washington County
(Rock Hill).

   Ptychomitrium drummondii (Hook. & Wils.) PLATE 43
                Suil. in Gray
 Leaves more slender than those of P. incurvum, with coarsely toothed,
acuminate apex. Capsule bright orange; annulus absent; peristome single,
of 16 teeth usually divided nearly to base, faintly papillose. Spores papil-
lose, 20 p, sometimes germinating while still within the capsules.
  HABITAT: In crevices, bark of hardwoods; especially near streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Holmes, Jefferson, Madi-
son, Suwanee Counties.
                GRIMMIA

          Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. PLATE 42
 Plants in small loose tufts, dull, blackish-green or gray; stems short,
 erect, unbranched. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry, concave,
 ovate, rough, spiny hyaline leaf-point formed mainly by extension of the
 leaf blade and nearly as long as the chlorophyllose part, leaf flattened at
 its base, decurrent; costa weak, flat in the lower blade, more pronounced
 above, and ending in the base of the hair-point; upper cells small, round,
 thick-walled; basal cells larger, quadrate, in regular rows, somewhat
 elongated and clear toward the costa.
 HABITAT: On sandstone.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Washington County
 (Rock Hill).

             EPHEMERACEAE
  Plant very small (1-2 mm high), solitary or in colonies, stemless or
nearly so, developing from conspicuous persistent protonemata. Leaves
few, erect or spreading, in a rosette or cluster, narrow, costate or ecostate;
cells lax, rhomboidal-hexagonal above, rectangular and longer below,
smooth or papillose. Polyoicous. Capsules sessile or nearly so, immersed,
ovoid or globose, shortly apiculate, cleistocarpous or with a poorly devel-
oped line of dehiscence; calyptra cap- or bell-shaped, split on one side,
smooth to conspicuously papillose; vaginule conspicuous. Spores papillose
to warty. Mature in Florida from November to March, occasionally in
late August; most frequently found in January.
               KEY To GENERA
1. Calyptra covering half the capsule; capsule globular, cleistocarpous; antheridia
  on separate plants but from same protonema as archegonia; leaves costate, not
  contorted or shriveled when dry......-.......-..................-----........Ephemerum


44           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
HABITAT: On sandstone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Washington County
(Rock Hill).

   Ptychomitrium drummondii (Hook. & Wils.) PLATE 43
                Suil. in Gray
 Leaves more slender than those of P. incurvum, with coarsely toothed,
acuminate apex. Capsule bright orange; annulus absent; peristome single,
of 16 teeth usually divided nearly to base, faintly papillose. Spores papil-
lose, 20 p, sometimes germinating while still within the capsules.
  HABITAT: In crevices, bark of hardwoods; especially near streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Holmes, Jefferson, Madi-
son, Suwanee Counties.
                GRIMMIA

          Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. PLATE 42
 Plants in small loose tufts, dull, blackish-green or gray; stems short,
 erect, unbranched. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry, concave,
 ovate, rough, spiny hyaline leaf-point formed mainly by extension of the
leaf blade and nearly as long as the chlorophyllose part, leaf flattened at
its base, decurrent; costa weak, flat in the lower blade, more pronounced
above, and ending in the base of the hair-point; upper cells small, round,
thick-walled; basal cells larger, quadrate, in regular rows, somewhat
elongated and clear toward the costa.
  HABITAT: On sandstone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Washington County
(Rock Hill).

             EPH EMERACEAE
 Plant very small (1-2 mm high), solitary or in colonies, stemless or
 nearly so, developing from conspicuous persistent protonemata. Leaves
 few, erect or spreading, in a rosette or cluster, narrow, costate or ecostate;
 cells lax, rhomboidal-hexagonal above, rectangular and longer below,
 smooth or papillose. Polyoicous. Capsules sessile or nearly so, immersed,
 ovoid or globose, shortly apiculate, cleistocarpous or with a poorly devel-
 oped line of dehiscence; calyptra cap- or bell-shaped, split on one side,
 smooth to conspicuously papillose; vaginule conspicuous. Spores papillose
 to warty. Mature in Florida from    November to March, occasionally in
 late August; most frequently found in January.
               KEY TO GENERA
1. Calyptra covering half the capsule; capsule globular, cleistocarpous; antheridia
  on separate plants but from same protonema as archegonia; leaves costate, not
  contorted or shriveled when dry........................... . . Ephemerum


44


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


HABITAT: On sandstone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Washington County
(Rock Hill).

   Ptychomitrium drummondii (Hook. & Wils.) PLATE 43
                Suil. in Gray
 Leaves more slender than those of P. incurvum, with coarsely toothed,
acuminate apex. Capsule bright orange; annulus absent; peristome single,
of 16 teeth usually divided nearly to base, faintly papillose. Spores papil-
lose, 20 p, sometimes germinating while still within the capsules.
  HABFTAT: In crevices, bark of hardwoods; especially near streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Holmes, Jefferson, Madi-
son, Suwanee Counties.
                GRIMMIA

          Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. PLATE 42
  Plants in small loose tufts, dnll, blackish-green or gray; stems short,
erect, unbranched. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry, concave,
ovate, rough, spiny hyaline leaf-point formed mainly by extension of the
leaf blade and nearly as long as the chlorophyllose part, leaf flattened at
its base, decurrent; costa weak, flat in the lower blade, more pronounced
above, and ending in the base of the hair-point; upper cells small, round,
thick-walled; basal cells larger, quadrate, in regular rows, somewhat
elongated and clear toward the costa.
  HABITAT: On sandstone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Washington County
(Rock Hill).

             EPHEMERACEAE
 Plant very small (1-2 mm high), solitary or in colonies, stemless or
 nearly so, developing from conspicuous persistent protonemata. Leaves
 few, erect or spreading, in a rosette or cluster, narrow, costate or ecostate;
 cells lax, rhomboidal-hexagonal above, rectangular and longer below,
 smooth or papillose. Polyoicous. Capsules sessile or nearly so, immersed,
 ovoid or globose, shortly apiculate, cleistocarpous or with a poorly devel-
 oped line of dehiscence; calyptra cap- or bell-shaped, split on one side,
 smooth to conspicuously papillose; vaginule conspicuous. Spores papillose
 to warty. Mature in Florida from November to March, occasionally in
 late August; most frequently found in January.
               KEY To GENERA
1. Calyptra covering half the capsule; capsule globular, cleistocarpous; antheridia
  on separate plants but from same protonema as archegonia; leaves costate, not
  contorted or shriveled when dry.. . . . ..............Ephemerum



                    EPI3MERAEAE45
1. Calypter miute,coverigonapbe ofappsule;casle globoe, deising ner
  middle; sssssicsus; leavs eostate, shriveled ansd csntorted sshsn dy.....
  Forhseh iterested in cetetaxonaosy, the recntwok (19t7) at Bryan ad
Anderson at Dake Lnisve-sity has showna that the genus tpemaersus has a Isaploid
chermsomae numsbee at 27, swhile is Nniteessa the haeptoid ctsomsomrse numa-
her is liaor 22 (11 is N. austinii, 22 is N. sstaalastarsss).

               I2PHEIEPIUAI
 Protonemata conspicuous, persistent. Leaves slendler, linear to lanee-
 slate; eosta excenrtent lets a lang spins tip at perearess ora neatis sa (all
 Flarieda taxa are cstlate; eells aoblong-bexaganal abate, langee anal ret-
 tangulae balsa; msargins saothedi so spins. Caitsules sessile at neaely so,
 globulae, short-sippeed, eleistatarpasts, wsith stomtata in capstule stall; ealyp-
 sea cap- to bell-shaped, split an ore siede, ensvering ahons ball the eapsule.
 Spares papillose.
 1. Utter teat antis paillose
 2. Teeth an steer testes sharplyvreenrved; tearer nettrrowl linear; needier
    lest tells 4-8: . . . . . . . rsnulonssm
  2. Trheetho  perlaesrointinguparat   an aectesagle;laeslina-
    laneeolte endian lest cells less sha 4:1   .      t. erassintssin
L Leafelsesmoothbecetatbackhof costa;leavesrraperingeabrnuptlfrma
  hroader hare; mtargin as shoulders easely teethed; eelts in shou'ders it diag-
  onal rossfrommargin tocarta. ..        _.....-----..E...  oaerans

          Ephemrurrm spinusus om Bench & PLATE 44
             Schimp. ex Schimp.
  Protonemate green, eonspieaunus, alter felt-lihe. Leaves linear to linear-
laneolate, nmergins switb lang painted at tuneed spines, rteatsed 45'
at mare; cells 2-4: 1, somsetimtes larger, as far the genre; east a streetg,
ending in a lang spiny attn. Capsales asvaid, slightls apieulase, wsitb
stansasa in laster balf of capsurle stall, deheiscenee hr irregeular tslitting;
ells of ealspra bulging at papillose. Spores reddish-bratvn, kidney -
sbaped, papillose so starts, 60-70i I, sonmetirmes larger.
  HABITAT: On mraist sail, edges af ponds, oeeasionalls ins aid fields.
  DISTnIBUsON:; Flarida: Dixie, Dnval, Gadsden, Bendry, Her-
nando, Jachson, Lee, Leon, Mlsadison, Mhanatee, Seminole, WNahnlla Coun-
lies.

    Ephemerum crarsierveium (Schiwaegr.) Hampe PLATE 45
  Prtonenta rat as abundant atras wvell developed as in E. spbntlosumrt
Leaves laneolate, sip slender anal coersels tootbed, she largest leaves
eosase, papillose; npper leaf cells 1-2: 1, basal celks 35i; upper margins
with prombnent teeth pointingt upward at an eeute angle, basal martgins
entire. Capsules ovoid, shoes-tipped, sessile or neatly it; stomata fess,


              EPtHEMERAtCEAE         45
1. Cabepttassisute, eoverinaoniyvapexsfcasule; capsuleglobose, debiscingnear
  middle; synoieos; leases recsae, shriheled end contorted shen dry_ ._
                                Neart etriue
 tar those interested in cytotaxonomy, the retest woth (1957) af arson end
 Anderson at Duke University her shown a tbehe genes Ephaeeenm has a heplohid
chronosome nnmber of 27, thilr in Nanornitriun thc hetloid thrmsomne nom-
her is 11 or 22 (11 in Ns. estate, 22 in Nr. sesaloreosta).

               PBESEIIL 5
 Protonemata eonspicuous, persistent. Leaves slener, linear so late-
 olate; costa exc-rrentrinto alngspiny ripeor prtestentaornealy en (all
 Florida sane are testate ; tells oblong-bexagonal abutve, long er anti ret-
 tangular briarw; margins toothed so spins. Capsultestsessilt arnrearls so,
 globular, short-sipped, eleistarpus, risk stomatIa in capsnle n-all; calyp-
 sea tap- so bell-sheped, splht on ore side, totvering ahout bailf the eapsole.
 Spores papiliose.
 5. Utter ieai tells peapillose
 2. Teeth on steer itesves sharplyvrecurved; tearves nartests .intear; median
    Inst cells 4-8:t.......F........................ ------ . etiruosar
  2. Teethnuperevestoinernepwrd atan aee     ne; leaeshlnee-
    taneniare; nrcdien lef clls less then 4:1          t. eresierviio
1. Leaf cellseemooth excert t  backnofecsta;leaveseteringtartly frena
  broader hae; margin as shoultersrcoarely soothed; trite in shou''dere in diag-
  nnlirosfrommarginrtocoaa      .E,esheras

          Ephemerem spinelsem Beach & PLATE 44
             Schimp. en Sehimp.
  Protnnemata green, eonsepieus, often felt-like. Leaves linear in linear-
lancealare, margins wvitb lung painted at rounded spines, reaursed 45'
rmote; tells 2-4:1, someties longer, as far the genes; costa strong,
ending in a lung spins awn. Capsules usvsid, slightly apitulate, wish
stonmata in lesser half oi eapsule stall, dlebiscenee be irregular splitting;
tells of ealsyplea bulging ne papillose. Spores redldish-berwe, kidney-
shaped, papillose so wrel, 60-70i p, sometimes latger.
  HBIeTT On Insist soil, edges of ponds, occasionally in old fields.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dixie, Dnsval, Gadsden, Hendry, Her-
nando, Jachson, Lee, Lean, Madison, Manatee, Seminole, Waknlla Corn-
ties.

    Ephemerum crassnrium (Schwaegr.) Hsmpe PLATE 45
  Protonemnta t  sabundant or astwcll developed asinF.pinlsnum.
Leases laneonlare, tilt slender and enarsely soostsed, the largest leaves
tostase, papillose; upper leaf tells 1-2:1, hasal tells d-5:1; uppr margins
n-ith pronminent teeth poning upward at an eeute angle, basal mrgins
entire. Capsules ovoid, short-tipped, stersile or neatly en; stomata fan-,


              EPEMttERAEE            45
1. Celsperaeminue,ecoserinaonysapexeofcase;apsnulgohose, dchiscinganesr
  middle; snoicous;leaes recostae, shriheled end ctrtredlwhen dry.-.
  Forhseintrted inttaxosnomy,rhe recentrwoek (1957) ofiBryan and
Anderson at Duke U nivereite has shorn tbat she genus Ephemrn bee a heploid
chromsoeme numbee at 27, while hr Nanssnirihem she hatlid chromosome rum-
hat is t1 or 22 (11 in Nr. aertinii, 22 in N. neselsrn).

               PPSEP EUMl
 lProtnnemata tonspicuous, persistent. Leaves slender, linear so lance-
 slate; cta excorrent ino a long sint ril t peurent or steerIs so (all
 Florida sane are eoaet; tells oblong-hexagonal abate, longer and ret-
 sangular heist; margins toothed to spins. Capsules sesodle or nearlr so,
 globolar, short-sipped, tlistocarpous, wsish stonsata its capeoule trail; eelsp
 tea cap- so bell-shaped, split on see side, eovering ahout half tbe eapsole.
 Spres papillse.
 5. Uttper leaf tells paepilloe
 2. Testh on npe testes sherphy retorted; leases rntrl linhar; medien
    leaf tells 4-8i1......................................FE. stirooren
  2. Teethe onnuper leevesrpointingeupwardtan aeuteanale;ieeslner-
    laneolate; medien leeftcels less then 4:1 .       . treerenesthes
1.Leafiellsmooth esters athbathofictae;eavs teingartlyfrom a
  hroader hate; marksn atshdoulderscosely toothed; cells in shou'des in die-
  onlro-s iromeemargin toaeotae - -    -     -     -t_____ _E.scheras

          Ephemerum spineulesem Beach & PLATE 44
             Schimp. exs Schimp.
  Protonemata green, eonspieuons, rites felt-like. Leaves linear to linear-
laneoslate, tmargins wvitb lung poisted or rounded spines, reaursed 45'
or mote; cells 2-4; 1, somtnmes loeger, as far the geus; taste strong,
ending in a long spinsy awvn. Capsules asvaid, slightly apsiculate, sti
stomatea ins latter half of capsnin wvall, adehiseence bys irreguslar tslitting;
cells oi ealsptta bulging or papillose. Spates redldish-browvn, kidney-
sbaped, papillose twrets, hO-SO p, sometimes larger.
  HBIsrTT Or moist soil, edges of ponds, oceasionallv in old fields.
  DISsTRIneTION: Florida: Dixie, Decal, Gadsden, Bender,           Her-
rends, Jachson, Lee, Leon, Mladison, Mlanaee, Senminole, Wakuafia Coun-
ties.

    Ephemerum ceasseertiem (Schwaegr.) Humpe PLATEe 45
  Prteosnematarntsebundanto aesswell developedeasinsE.espinlsum.
Leaves laneolaere, sip slender and eoarely toothed, the laegeso leaves
enstate, papillose; upper leaf cells 1-2:1, basal tells 35: 1; upper margins
w-ihprominsentteeth pointingnupwrdcat anacuneeengle, bsal magis
entire. Capsules avoid, shoes-sipped, sessile or neatly en; stomase fan,



46


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


46


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


46


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


scattered throughout the capsule wall; cells of calyptra bulging to papil-
lose, the calyptra covering as much as half of the capsule. Spores deep
orange, kidney-shaped, warty, 50-70 p.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Manatee, Semi-
nole Counties.

       Ephemerum cohnaerans (Hedw.) Hampe PLATE 45
  Protonemata olive-green, persistent. Upper leaves broad in basal third,
abruptly narrowed to a slender, pointed, toothed tip; shoulders distinct,
coarsely and irregularly toothed to spiny, often broader on one side of
costa than on the other; cells smooth, quadrate to hexagonal, arranged
in distinct rows diagonally from margins to costa; basal cells large, elon-
gate, hexagonal; costa percurrent to excurrent, toothed on back near tip,
sometimes not quite reaching the base. Capsule ovoid, apiculate; stomata
scattered throughout capsule wall; calyptra bell-shaped, smooth. Spores
yellow to orange, kidney-shaped, papillose to warty, about 80 p.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden County.



              NANOMITRIUM
  Plants stemless or nearly so, developing from persistent protonemata.
Leaves few, clustered around the capsule, shriveled and contorted when
dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, finely toothed at apex,
ecostate; upper leaf cells large, smooth, rhombic-rectangular, 2-4:1,
longer and rectangular at base. Synoicous. Capsules small, sessile, globu-
lar, scarcely apiculate, sometimes with a poorly defined line of dehiscence
near equator, forming a rudimentary operculum; calyptra very small, soon
lost.
Capsule wall of 1 layer of cells, stomata absent; leaves ligulate-lanceolate; upper
leaf cells short, 1-2: L ...............    __.._._.--   __........N. austinii
Capsule wall of 2 layers of cells, stomata present; leaves ovate-lanceo'ate; upper
leaf cells np to 4:1.......___............____N. megalosporum

   Nanomitrium austinii (Sull. ex Aust.) Lindb. PLATE 46
   Leaves few, ligulate-lanceolate, finely toothed at apex; upper leaf cells
short, 1-2: 1. Capsules spherical, slightly apiculate, brownish or black
when mature, capsule wall of 1 layer of cells, stomata absent. Spores
densely papillose, 30-35 p.
  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Polk, Seminole Counties.


scattered throughout the capsule wall; cells of calyptra bulging to papil-
lose, the calyptra covering as much as half of the capsule. Spores deep
orange, kidney-shaped, warty, 50-70 p.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Manatee, Semi-
nole Counties.

       Ephemerum cohaerans (Hedw.) Hampe PLATE 45
  Protonemata olive-green, persistent. Upper leaves broad in basal third,
abruptly narrowed to a slender, pointed, toothed tip; shoulders distinct,
coarsely and irregularly toothed to spiny, often broader on one side of
costa than on the other; cells smooth, quadrate to hexagonal, arranged
in distinct rows diagonally from margins to costa; basal cells large, elon-
gate, hexagonal; costa percurrent to excurrent, toothed on back near tip,
sometimes not quite reaching the base. Capsule ovoid, apiculate; stomata
scattered throughout capsule wall; calyptra bell-shaped, smooth. Spores
yellow to orange, kidney-shaped, papillose to warty, about 80 p.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden County.



              NANOMITRIUM
 Plants stemless or nearly so, developing from persistent protonemata.
 Leaves few, clustered around the capsule, shriveled and contorted when
 dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, finely toothed at apex,
 ecostate; upper leaf cells large, smooth, rhombic-rectangular, 2-4: 1,
 longer and rectangular at base. Synoicous. Capsules small, sessile, globu-
 lar, scarcely apiculate, sometimes with a poorly defined line of dehiscence
 near equator, forming a rudimentary operculum; calyptra very small, soon
 lost.
 Capsule wall of 1 layer of cells, stomata absent; leaves ligulate-lanceolate; upper
leaf  cells  short,  1-2:1..__...-... --- ........ .................................... N .  austinii
Capsule wall of 2 layers of cells, stomata present; leaves ovate-lanceolate; upper
leaf cells up to 4:1--.... .          ...................N. megalosporum


   Nanomitrium austinii (Sull. ex Aust.) Lindb. PLATE 46
 Leaves few, ligulate-lanceolate, finely toothed at apex; upper leaf cells
 short, 1-2:1. Capsules spherical, slightly apiculate, brownish or black
when mature, capsule wall of 1 layer of cells, stomata absent. Spores
densely papillose, 30-35 p.
  HAB1TAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Polk, Seminole Counties.


scattered throughout the capsule wall; cells of calyptra bulging to papil-
lose, the calyptra covering as much as half of the capsule. Spores deep
orange, kidney-shaped, warty, 50-70 p.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Manatee, Semi-
nole Counties.

       Ephemerum cohnaerans (Hedw.) Hampe PLATE 45
  Protonemata olive-green, persistent. Upper leaves broad in basal third,
abruptly narrowed to a slender, pointed, toothed tip; shoulders distinct,
coarsely and irregularly toothed to spiny, often broader on one side of
costa than on the other; cells smooth, quadrate to hexagonal, arranged
in distinct rows diagonally from margins to costa; basal cells large, elon-
gate, hexagonal; costa percurrent to excurrent, toothed on back near tip,
sometimes not quite reaching the base. Capsule ovoid, apiculate; stomata
scattered throughout capsule wall; calyptra bell-shaped, smooth. Spores
yellow to orange, kidney-shaped, papillose to warty, about 80 s.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden County.



              NANOMITRIUM
  Plants stemless or nearly so, developing from persistent protonemata.
Leaves few, clustered around the capsule, shriveled and contorted when
dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, finely toothed at apex,
ecostate; upper leaf cells large, smooth, rhombic-rectangular, 2-4:1,
longer and rectangular at base. Synoicous. Capsules small, sessile, globu-
lar, scarcely apiculate, sometimes with a poorly defined line of dehiscence
near equator, forming a rudimentary operculum; calyptra very small, soon
lost.
Capsule wall of 1 layer of cells, stomata absent; leaves ligulate-lanceolate; upper
leaf cells  short, 1-2:1....__...._0-__... .. _... ._ .. ........ . . N. austinii
Capsule wall of 2 layers of cells, stomata present; leaves ovate-lanecolate; upper
leaf cells up to 4:1.  .     ......._..__..........__.___.....N. megalosporum

   Nanomitrium austinii (Sull. ex Aust.) Lindb. PLATE 46
 Leaves few, ligulate-lanceolate, finely toothed at apex; upper leaf cells
 short, 1-2:1. Capsules spherical, slightly apiculate, brownish or black
 when mature, capsule wall of 1 layer of cells, stomata absent. Spores
 densely papillose, 30-35 p.
 HABITAT: On moist soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Polk, Seminole Counties.



                    FUNARACEAE47
    Nanomsitrium megalosporum (Aust.) Lindb. PLTEo 46
 Plants yellow-heown. wohen matue. Leaves sovate-lanceolate, somtimses
beoadest abetve middle, finely toothed at apex; stppee leaf cello laege, sop
to 4: 1. Capsules sphieical, slightly apicuslate, oeange so herownat matur-
its; capsule wtall of 2 lasyers of cells, stomata peesent to oppee half. Spates
lare, papillose-owaety, tsp to tO tp.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
IoSTRIBUTON: Florida: Leon, \lanatee, Polki, Seminole Counties.

             FLUNAIACEAE
 Plants anoual, in loose colonies, gosoifg on exposed soil; steis shot,
 unbranched oe oparingly hoanchedl. Leaves soft, light green, usually
 crowsdedand fuomingotufosoatstemsips oe aroundhbases ofstac;pper
 leases beoad, ovato-lanceolate, apex poionted; costa strong, endiog below
 the apex, peecurent, oe shoes-excurenet lotsee leases smallcer;mria
 cells sometimcs elongate, forming apooly dfiedboe, usuoallyvtoothoed
 in uppee htalf; cells lax, smsooth, large, ehomsboidal above, loger antd
 rectoangulae at hate. Caloptee hood-shaped or cap-shaped, cosering olt
 apeox of capsole; opeeculumo alumost flas, oe conic, soometimes apicuslate.
 Capsules immesed to exserted on long sctae, globose tonpear-shaped, eeect
 and symmeteic to horizontal andi inoclincd and asmmcteic; stomata con-
 spicuousoinobasaloregion. Annlus precsentoreabsent.Peistomc lacing,
 single,oredouhle,swhen preent consistintgoflb6slnde conpicuosly
 jointed tooth, often beighteorangeor sted; segmsents, swhen peesent, opposite
 the teeth ; no cilia.
               KEY o GENcERA
1. Capeslenwih peristome
  2. Peristoecdoble;capsuleeoatsmmcttic, incined orscurved_..- Funeri
  2. Perstomc stoats; capsulet eect, symmtic..t--Entothodn
t. Caesttcostshoot eruistome
  2. Capoule cxseeted; operuoum pesent. . Phyaconiteisso
  2. Casuole immersed, casetdehiscinineartheceoatoe oruoletinirregcu-
    lasts ___....... .. ___ ... _Aphanoerhega
 Differences insvegetativecchaactes aee not alwas cleat-cot, so thatsoeis
 coon the genera ars not readdly sepaeabte when plants aresteotile. Foertuntely,al
 four ecneta iruit ahundantly in Florida.

                FUCNARIA
  Plants gregaeious, fight green, glossy, geowingtgnnexposed soil oreeotoen
stood, feqegntly followving flee; stems shot, infeguenoly buanching;
Inow-er leaves setall, oppee laeget, often forming tufts aerond hoses of
setac. Leases ohovate, apex pointed, entiee to toothed; costa steong5, ending
belows apox, peecusuent, oe shoetly excureent; upper cells laegs, shuns-
hoblal; basal cells long, rectangudar; marginal cells naeenwer, wecakly dif-


FUNARIACEAE


47


FUNARIACEAE


47


     Neosomitium megalosporum (Aut.) Lindib. PLTEe 46
 Plansos vchow-beronstwhentmatuee. Leases ovate-latnceolatc, soettis
beoadleost above middle, fotels tosohed as apex; upper leaf cells lasge, sop
o 4:1. Capsules opheeical, slightly apicolate, oeange to brown as onatus-
its; capsunle wvall of 2 lavees of cello, stomata psesent in upgpee half. Spors
lasge, papillose-waeto, op to ff0 .
HABIvTT On moist soil.
DoISTRtBUTtON: Ploeida: Leon, 'Manatee, Polb, Seminole Connoties.

             FUCNARlIACFEAC
 Plants annual, in Inoose colonies, grong on exposed soil; stems shout,
 unbeancbed oe spaeingly branched. Leases soft, light greee, osoally,
 cesodedland fosmingonufssatstemsipsoe    aroondlhasesofsetae;nupper
 levs brsoad, ovate-lanceolate, apex pointed; costa stong, ending helowo
 doe apex, pecuren, ot shoes-excurtent; losses leavsmaller; marginal
 cells somsetmes elongate, foeming a pooris debined borsder, usually toothed
 inospper half; cells lax, smooth, lare, ehomboidlal ahove, longee andi
 ectsangular at base. Calyptea fioo-saped or cap-shaped, cveesng odey
 apex of capsole; operculumo almsost flat, oe conic, soetiesms apicolate.
 Capsules immoesed to xserted on long seoac, globose to peae-shaped, eeect
 andsytnmetric tolhorizontaland inclined and asymmnetic;osomata con-
 spicuoustin basalorgion. Annlus peesent os abseno. Perstomse lashing,
 single,nerloouhle,oowhen presentoconsistingoft16sledeconspcosly
 jointed teeth, often height oeange oe red; seg~ments, nwhen psesent, opposite
 the tooth; no cilia.

 1. Casudl- nitb peeloteose
 2. Persomendsohle;capeosasymmeotc,ioclfned os cusved  _...Ooeaoo
 2. Perstome oinglh; caesules erect, smmetric Enosothosdon
 1. Caopuewihout eoittome
 2. Console ested; opersutum pesoent- - Physcomitrium
 2. Caponte immeosed, sapsule dehiocing nest the equaore or oplittng irseu-

 Differencesoistegetative charactes see net ahways stoat-coo, so shot sometimes
 evnthe genoe orc not redilo seaeable when planto ate oternle. tortunately, oill
 gone gensra fruit abundantyin Floida.

                FCNARIIA
  Planto gregarious, fight green, gloss, geoningnexposed soil oerotten
stood, feguentls following flee; stems shoes, infrequenly branchsing;
Inn-es leases smnall, uppee laeges, often forming tufts atond bases of
setae. Leases ohmsvate, apex pointed, entere to toothed; costa song, ending
belnow apex, percurent, or shortly oxcureent; upper coils large, thom-
boidal; basal coils long, recotangutlar; nmaeginal cells earrowee, wecakly dif-


    Nansomifefum megaosorumo (Aut.) Lindib. PLT Et 46
 Plants sellon-brown when msature. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, soneimses
beoadest above nmiddle, fbuds toothed at apex; uppet leaf cells large, op
in 4: 1. Capsules spherical, slightly apiculaie, orangs to brownoatomatur-
its; capsule stall of 2 laverso of cells, stomata psesent tin uppee half. Spores
lasge, papillose-w aety, up to fig p.
HABITxAT: On moist soil.
DSTRIBUTIcON: Florida: Leon, Manatee, Polb, Seminole Connoties.

             FUNARIIACEAE
 Plants annusal, its loose colonies, growsing on exposced soil; stems shorst,
 unbranched no paeingly branched. Leaveos soft, light green, usualls
 cowdveedandiforomingotuftsasotoem ips or arounndbasesonfsetae; upper
 leases broad, ovate-lanceolate, apex poisnted; costa steong, cooling heow
 the apex, peecurtens, orsorts-excunent; loss  aes  sm ler togia
 cells sontimes elongate, foerming apools defined boedee, nonuafty toothed
 in upper hsalf; cello lax, smooth, large, rhomsboidal abov e, longee andi
 rectangular at base. Calypssa hood-shaped or cap-stoaped, covering onls
 apex of capsule; opetculotn almost flat, or conic, soonetimes apiculate.
 Capsuleo tutuersed o sexserted n long stat, globose to peas-shaped, erct
 and smetroic to horizontal end inclined and asymmetric; stomtata son-
 spicousho basal region. Annulus present or absent. Perisome lacking,
 single, os sdonble, wxhen psesent consisting of l6 slendee conspicously
 jointed teeth, often height oranec or sod; segmeonts, nwhen pesent, opposite
 ohs tests; to cilia.
               KEY o GooseA
1. Capeslenith esome
  2. Persoe double; capsuls asynnesi, inolned os cntsd...Oosaia
  2. Perstomoosiangle; casuls ercts, symennrsc.  .        Enotndeo
1. Capoute wvithout eiome
  2. Console esserted; opsessulum pesents Phscomitrium
  2. Capsule immesed, caponte dehiocing noesr the equaor orspolitting irregu-
     .a l .... ... ... . ..... . ..... .....A pfan orrhega
 Diftesences in vegetative chasactes ore net always ctear-ccoo on thatsoems
 seven the genera are sot readily separabte when planto ate sterole. Fortunatel, all
 foursgenerafitabundandls inloida.

                FCNARIA
  Plants gresgarious, fight greeen, glossy, growing on exposed sodl oserotten
nood, fequenly following flee; steis sooe, infrequently branching;
loots leases small, upper laeget, often forming tusfts atond bass of
selae. Leases ohmsvate, apex pointed, sentee to soothed; costa song, ending
belowt apex, pescueoeut, orsohortly excunsen 0; uppee cello large, ehoms-
boidal; basal cello long, reciangulat; maeginal cello eareowee, weoakly dif-



46           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
ferentiated into a border. Autoicous. Calyptra hood-shaped, often inflated.
Operculum convex, almost flat. Capsule exserted on a long seta, inclined
to horizontal, elongated, pear-shaped, asymmetric, the mouth to one side,
neck usually well defined; annulus very conspicuous, composed of large
yellow or orange inflated cells; peristome of 16 orange or reddish teeth
with prominent bars, thread-like at the tips, spiraled to the right; seg-
ments pale yellow, delicate, opposite the teeth, smooth or finely papillose.
Spores smooth or finely papillose, 12-30 p.
1. Annulus large, revoluble
  2. Leaves short-acuminate, costa usually percurrent; segments more than half
  the length of teeth; spores 12-15 p. . _F. hygrometrica
  2. Leaves long-acuminate, costa frequently excurrent; segments less than half
  the length of teeth; spores 14-20  .....................__......._-....-----P . favicans
1. Annulus lacking; leaves broadly tapering, toothed, costa ending below apex;
  segments nearly as long as teeth; spores 24-30 p....-_. .  .   F. serrata


Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.


PLATE 47


  Leaves oblong-ovate, apex pointed, forming a bulbous tuft around base
of the long seta, entire or finely toothed toward apex; cells rectangular
to hexagonal above, narrower toward margin and forming an indistinct
border; basal cells large, rectangular, sometimes inflated and yellow near
margin. Capsule exserted on a long, bright yellow seta, very green when
young, turning yellow or reddish with age, horizontal to inclined with
pronounced wrinkling when dry, asymmetric, mouth oblique; calyptra
hood-shaped, long-beaked, covering only tip of capsule; operculum low,
convex, sometimes slightly apiculate; annulus conspicuous, bright orange,
readily revoluble; peristome teeth brownish-red, heavily barred, sometimes
united at the tips; segments about three-fourths as long as the teeth, deli-
cate, pale yellow, slightly papillose. Spores smooth or slightly papillose,
12-15 p.
  Funaria hygrometrica var. calvescens Schwaegr. and F. hygrometrica
var. patula BSG show so much intergradation with the species that I find
it difficult to separate them. Therefore, I have not included them as
distinct entities.
HAB1TAT: On exposed soil, frequently appearing shortly after fire;
on stumps, rotten wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: A weedy species, it is found throughout the
state.


48           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
ferentiated into a border. Autoicous. Calyptra hood-shaped, often inflated.
Operculum convex, almost flat. Capsule exserted on a long seta, inclined
to horizontal, elongated, pear-shaped, asymmetric, the mouth to one side,
neck usually well defined; annulus very conspicuous, composed of large
yellow or orange inflated cells; peristome of 16 orange or reddish teeth
with prominent bars, thread-like at the tips, spiraled to the right; seg-
ments pale yellow, delicate, opposite the teeth, smooth or finely papillose.
Spores smooth or finely papillose, 12-30 p.
1. Annulus large, revoluble
  2. Leaves short-acuminate, costa usually percurrent; segments more than half
    the length of teeth; spores 12-15 ......._..........F. hygrometrica
  2. Leaves long-acuminate, costa frequently excurrent; segments less than half
    the length  of teeth; spores  14-20  p......................................P. flavicans
1. Annulus lacking; leaves broadly tapering, toothed, costa ending below apex;
  segments nearly as long as teeth; spores 24-30 p..... . ..........F. serrata


           Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. PLATE 47
  Leaves oblong-ovate, apex pointed, forming a bulbous tuft around base
of the long seta, entire or finely toothed toward apex; cells rectangular
to hexagonal above, narrower toward margin and forming an indistinct
border; basal cells large, rectangular, sometimes inflated and yellow near
margin. Capsule exserted on a long, bright yellow seta, very green when
young, turning yellow or reddish with age, horizontal to inclined with
pronounced wrinkling when dry, asymmetric, mouth oblique; calyptra
hood-shaped, long-beaked, covering only tip of capsule; operculum low,
convex, sometimes slightly apiculate; annulus conspicuous, bright orange,
readily revoluble; peristome teeth brownish-red, heavily barred, sometimes
united at the. tips; segments about three-fourths as long as the teeth, deli-
cate, pale yellow, slightly papillose. Spores smooth or slightly papillose,
12-15 p.
  Funaria hygrometrica var. calvescens Schwaegr. and F. hygrometrica
var. patula BSG show so much intergradation with the species that I find
it difficult to separate them. Therefore, I have not included them as
distinct entities.
HAB1I AT: On exposed soil, frequently appearing shortly after fire;
on stumps, rotten wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: A weedy species, it is found throughout the
state.


48


MOSSES OF FL.ORIDA


Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.


PLATE 47


ferentiated into a border. Autoicous. Calyptra hood-shaped, often inflated.
Operculum convex, almost flat. Capsule exserted on a long seta, inclined
to horizontal, elongated, pear-shaped, asymmetric, the mouth to one side,
neck usually well defined; annulus very conspicuous, composed of large
yellow or orange inflated cells; peristome of 16 orange or reddish teeth
with prominent bars, thread-like at the tips, spiraled to the right; seg-
ments pale yellow, delicate, opposite the teeth, smooth or finely papillose.
Spores smooth or finely papillose, 12-30 p.
1. Annulus large, revoluble
  2. Leaves short-acuminate, costa usually percurrent; segments more than half
  the length of teeth; spores 12-15 p...___...............................F. hygrometrica
  2. Leaves long-acuminate, costa frequently excurrent; segments less than half
  the length  of teeth; spores  14-20  p..........P......- .....__..... ... . F avicans
1. Annulus lacking; leaves broadly tapering, toothed, costa ending below apex;
  segments nearly  as long  as teeth; spores 24-30 p._.............___......-..F. serrata


  Leaves oblong-ovate, apex pointed, forming a bulbous tuft around base
of the long seta, entire or finely toothed toward apex; cells rectangular
to hexagonal above, narrower toward margin and forming an indistinct
border; basal cells large, rectangular, sometimes inflated and yellow near
margin. Capsule exserted on a long, bright yellow seta, very green when
young, turning yellow or reddish with age, horizontal to inclined with
pronounced wrinkling when dry, asymmetric, mouth oblique; calyptra
hood-shaped, long-beaked, covering only tip of capsule; operculum low,
convex, sometimes slightly apiculate; annulus conspicuous, bright orange,
readily revoluble; peristome teeth brownish-red, heavily barred, sometimes
united at the tips; segments about three-fourths as long as the teeth, deli-
cate, pale yellow, slightly papillose. Spores smooth or slightly papillose,
12-15 p.
  Funaria hygrometrica var. calvescens Schwaegr. and F. hygrometrica
var. patula BSG show so much intergradation with the species that I find
it difficult to separate them. Therefore, I have not included them as
distinct entities.
HABIAT: On exposed soil, frequently appearing shortly after fire;
on stumps, rotten wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: A weedy species, it is found throughout the
state.


Funaria lavicans Mx.


PLATE 48


Funaria lavicans Mx.


PLATE 48


Funaria lavicans Mx.


PLATE 48


Similar to F. hygrometrica; leaves narrower and more strap-shaped;
costa excurrent; upper marginal cells entire, median marginal cells dis-
tinctly toothed. Capsules horizontal, mouth less oblique, smaller; oper-


Similar to F. hygrometrica; leaves narrower and more strap-shaped;
costa excurrent; upper marginal cells entire, median marginal cells dis-
tinctly toothed. Capsules horizontal, mouth less oblique, smaller; oper-


Similar to F. hygrometrica; leaves narrower and more strap-shaped;
costa excurrent; upper marginal cells entire, median marginal cells dis-
tinctly toothed. Capsules horizontal, mouth less oblique, smaller; oper-



               FUNARIACEAE           49
culum apiculate; segments one-half or less the length of the teeth. Spores
smooth or finely papillose, 14-20 p.
  HABITAT: Same as F. hygrometrica,
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Throughout the state. This is considered a
southern species.
             Funaria serrata Brid. PLATE 48
 Leaves obovate, acute to shortly acuminate; costa ending below apex;
upper and median marginal cells rather clearly differentiated, toothed.
Seta long, reddish-brown. Capsules small, slightly inclined to horizontal,
not curved; wrinkled when dry, especially near base; mouth of capsule
bordered by horizontally elongated cells; annulus absent; peristome teeth
reddish-brown, segments almost as long as the teeth. Spores smooth or
slightly papillose, 24-30 p.
HABITAT: On soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Common in the coastal plain.
Florida: Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Seminole,
Washington Counties.

              ENTOSTHODON

      Entosthodon drummondii Sull. in Gray PLATE 49
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, upper cells short, rhomboidal;
 margin weakly defined, finely toothed or entire; costa strong, subpercur-
 rent. Seta orange to brown, 10-15 mm long; capsule short, pear-shaped,
 erect, symmetric; calyptra smooth, hood-shaped, long-beaked, split 2-3
 times at base; operculum convex, apiculate; annulus absent; peristomec
 single, teeth dark red, longitudinally ridged, tips sometimes hyaline.
 Spores coarsely papillose, 22-26 p.
 HABITAT: On sandy soil in open fields.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Leon, Washington Counties.
 This species is probably more common than data indicate. Its vegeta-
 tive characters are much like those of Funaria, and its erect capsule like
 that of Physcomitrium except for the presence of a peristome, which is
 fragile and often broken, so that the teeth are inconspicuous.

              PHYSCOMITRIUM
  Stems short, upper leaves erect-spreading or in a loose rosette. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate to spatulate, cell arrangement lax; upper and median
marginal cells somewhat elongated, weakly differentiated, more or less
toothed; basal cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, finely toothed or entire;
costa percurrent to shortly excurrent. Capsule (in Florida species) ex-
serted, erect, symmetric, globose to pear-shaped, sometimes with a con-


               FUNARIACEAE           49
culum apiculate; segments one-half or less the length of the teeth. Spores
smooth or finely papillose, 14-20 p.
  HABITAT: Same as F. hygrometrica.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Throughout the state. This is considered a
southern species.
             Funaria serrata Brid. PLATE 48
  Leaves obovate, acute to shortly acuminate; costa ending below apex;
upper and median marginal cells rather clearly differentiated, toothed.
Seta long, reddish-brown. Capsules small, slightly inclined to horizontal,
not curved; wrinkled when dry, especially near base; mouth of capsule
bordered by horizontally elongated cells; annulus absent; peristome teeth
reddish-brown, segments almost as long as the teeth. Spores smooth or
slightly papillose, 24-30 p.
HABITAT: On soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Common in the coastal plain.
Florida: Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Seminole,
Washington Counties.

              ENTOSTHODON

      Entosthodon drummondii Sull. in Gray PLATE 49
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, upper cells short, rhomboidal;
 margin weakly defined, finely toothed or entire; costa strong, subpercur-
 rent. Seta orange to brown, 10-15 mm long; capsule short, pear-shaped,
 erect, symmetric; calyptra smooth, hood-shaped, long-beaked, split 2-3
 times at base; operculum   convex, apiculate; annulus absent; peristome
 single, teeth dark red, longitudinally ridged, tips sometimes hyaline.
 Spores coarsely papillose, 22-26 p.
 HABITAT: On sandy soil in open fields.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Leon, Washington Counties.
 This species is probably more common than data indicate. Its vegeta-
 tive characters are much like those of Funaria, and its erect capsule like
 that of Physcomitrium except for the presence of a peristome, which is
 fragile and often broken, so that the teeth are inconspicuous.

              PHYSCOMITRIUM
  Stems short, upper leaves erect-spreading or in a loose rosette. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate to spatulate, cell arrangement lax; upper and median
marginal cells somewhat elongated, weakly differentiated, more or less
toothed; basal cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, finely toothed or entire;
costa percurrent to shortly excurrent. Capsule (in Florida species) ex-
serted, erect, symmetric, globose to pear-shaped, sometimes with a con-


               FUNARIACEAE           49
culum apiculate; segments one-half or less the length of the teeth. Spores
smooth or finely papillose, 14-20 p.
IABITAT: Same as F. hygrometrica.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Throughout the state. This is considered a
southern species.
             Funaria serrata Brid. PLATE 48
 Leaves obovate, acute to shortly acuminate; costa ending below apex;
upper and median marginal cells rather clearly differentiated, toothed.
Seta long, reddish-brown. Capsules small, slightly inclined to horizontal,
not curved; wrinled when dry, especially near base; mouth of capsule
bordered by horizontally elongated cells; annulus absent; peristome teeth
reddish-brown, segments almost as long as the teeth. Spores smooth or
slightly papillose, 24-30 p.
HABITAT: On soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Common in the coastal plain.
Florida: Escambia, Gadsden, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Seminole,
Washington Counties.

              ENTOSTHODON

      Entosthodon drummondii Sull. in Gray PLATE 49
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse, upper cells short, rhomboidal;
 margin weakly defined, finely toothed or entire; costa strong, subpercur-
 rent. Seta orange to brown, 10-15 mm long; capsule short, pear-shaped,
 erect, symmetric; calyptra smooth, hood-shaped, long-beaked, split 2-3
 times at base; operculum   convex, apiculate; annulus absent; peristome
 single, teeth dark red, longitudinally ridged, tips sometimes hyaline.
 Spores coarsely papillose, 22-26 p.
 HABITAT: On sandy soil in open fields.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Leon, Washington Counties.
 This species is probably more common than data indicate. Its vegeta-
 tive characters are much like those of Funaria, and its erect capsule like
 that of Physcomitrium except for the presence of a peristome, which is
 fragile and often broken, so that the teeth are inconspicuous.

              PHYSCOMITRIUM
  Stems short, upper leaves erect-spreading or in a loose rosette. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate to spatulate, cell arrangement lax; upper and median
marginal cells somewhat elongated, weakly differentiated, more or less
toothed; basal cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, finely toothed or entire;
costa percurrent to shortly excurrent. Capsule (in Florida species) ex-
serted, erect, symmetric, globose to pear-shaped, sometimes with a con-



50           MOSSES 0F ELOnRItA
spicouas neck, naouth ovide; calyptra smooth, cap-shaped, long-beaked,
splitting ireegolarly at bate; opercoinnm latv, cootvex, apicutlate; anntulus
inconspicous, pooeit defined; peeisttme absent.
Leat opex acunnate, costn percurrent to excnrreot; enosote constited undee
ouath wen sloe, mouthk bordered bo 4-8 eaoes hoelzontatly etonated cs emain
der at cetlls unitoeroly thick-allted- - - - P. earifaoame
Lent noes omuceooate-acnootnnte, costa eodioo in noex; mooath atenosole hbordeed
be 4-5 rowse tranosveasclaeontedcells,remaondeeotallth celstickeed
to the coroers - - ---_---- ---_.P. cottoochasoatoso

     Physcomifrium piyrifoeme (Hodw.) Do Noc. PLATE 50
        Physcomitrium onebbnanm (Mx.) BSG
  Leaf apes acauoioate, costa percorrent to excoerent. median andi upaer
macgin toothed, beta 15-20 mm long or longer. Capsole conspicouly
coosteicted onder the aside mouth tvbeo do1; annolos poorlyslifferentiated,
coosiating of a siogle ease of snmall, thick-aaled cells, uanalle persistent;
beowa annulos, seaveenl roots of horizontnlly elongated, thick-alaled cells;
other sells of capsole aal thick-talaled hot not conspicously so in the
corners; stomata nmertous at bate of capaule. Spoes densely papillase,
33-36 p, maturoing January to Mooch.
  HABIAsT: Osabaoenmoisaearthsuchaditchhbanksaandiradsides,
oinsnmall tufts ialawnts.
  DISTRIBnUTION: Florida: Common throatghoot the state.

        Physcomitrfium collenchymatum Gino PLASTE 51
  Match like the peecesding except sallec; plants only 2-3 mm high.
Leaves atate-lancealate, apex wvith shoot, ahoopt tip, upper maregio linely
amathed, median margin toothed, basal margin entire; costa percorrent.
Setaaabot2mm, long;ecapsole globse,aveoe soall, notscnstitedauder
the mooth avhen doy; anoolos lacking tor rudimenaoy; 4-S eon-a of moo-
ginal coils samewvhat horizoontally elongated, celia belowvvery irregular
anad conspicously thickened in the corners.- Spaces papillase, 23-26  -
  HABITAT:m Sandys oil, roadeside ditch.
  DITRIBtUsTION: Missooei.
  Florida: Kattan only fron Semnolo Counta.
  This species may be miataken foe a small fotrm of P. pyriforme awithoot
nmicooscopic examninaionn.

             APPIANORRIH-EG33 A

             Apdhanorhegma oserftm PLTE 52
         (Hook. & Wila. ox Drumma.) Sill.
  Plants nminute, much like a very soalil Phyacomitoiusm. Loaves ovate-


50           MOSSES OFFLRD
spicoua neck, mooth atide; caleptasmoaath, cap-shaped, long-beaked,
splitting irregolatly at base; opercolom Iota, coovex, apicolate; annulos
incnspicoos,pooely defined; peistomne absent.
Lent noes acumnate, cotta percorrent to excuret;- casole contricted tndee
moath whkea doe, moutha bodeed by 4-0 toas horiontally elaonased cells, remeasn-
der of celsiftolyi thickowalld- - - - P. oteiforme
Lead noes omucronate-acumnat, casts ending to noes; mooth of caosude bordered
by -5os tanversely elongaedcells, remsaindetof wawithelstikened
so the corners-- ..........---       --........._......-...P. coalenchatuaos

     Physcomitrium pyrifome (Hedw.) Do Not. PtLsTE 50
        Physcomaitrium tuohinatam (Ms.) B5G
  Loaf opeox acouminate, costa percorrenotno eceomedian andnupper
nmargin toothed, beta 15-20 mm long or longer. Capsulieconspicnuousle
ctonstcted onder the avide moath avhen do1; annolns panely differentiated,
cnssisting of a single coax of small, thick-aaled cells, usually persistent;
belaw annolos, sevaln roavs of horizeontaily elongated, thick-alaled cells;
other coils of capsoie aal thick-walied hot not conspicouosly so in the
eats acs; stomsata numerous at base of capaule. Spates denseiy papillose,
33-36 a, matoring Janoary taohMarch.
  HABITAT: On bare moaist eardh sock at ditch banks ad roadsides,
  oin amall tufts in latent.
  DISTRIBUTION: Fitrida: Conmonathrooghoot the state.

        Physomitrium collenchymatum Glee PLATE Si
 Mach like the preceding except smaflor; pianos only 2-3 mm high.
 Lenavas asvate-lancealate, apex atith shoot, abrnpt tip, opper macgin finchy
 toohed, anedian martgin toothed, basal macgin entice; costa percnrrent.
 Sea abouat 2 amn. long; capsule globose, vooy smtail, nateconstricted ondec
 the moana athen doe; annolos lacking 00 todimsentare; 4-5 roasofnmae-
 ginal cells samewehat horizontally elongated, cells below very irregoiar
 and conspicousle thickened in the cornera. Spoes papillose, 23-26 p.
 HABIseATs Saney soil, roadside ditch.
 DISeTIUTON: Sissnoui.
 Flarida: Knowtn only from Seminole Conty.
 This species mtay be naisoaken foe a sall fornm of P. pyrifomeavithout
 aniceoscopic examination.

             APHANORRHEGMC3A


50


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


spicoas neck, moath nide; caleptraasmnaoth, cap-shaped, long-beaked,
splitting icregnlatls at base; opercoalum law, caoavcx, apiculate; annluas
incanspicous, ponrle defined; peeistoese absent.
Lent apes acnminate, costa peroumeent tn excuret; capsulte controicted ander
mouth when dre, man4, bordered hy 4-8 rost horizontally elonated cs emaoin-
der of colls unomlyd tbick-walled- - - P. pyeifore
Lent noes mucroate-acuminate, cos ending in noes; snookh of cnasie bordered
he 4-5 rows transtersely elangoted cells remainder at wall with collt thickened
in the conert- - -    -  -   P. eatolehyanansa

     Phoysomitoiuam pyrforme (Hedw.) Do Not. PLATE 50
         Phyacmiotrosn  tsohinotnan  (Ms.) B5G
  Leaf apex acuminate, cotta percorrent to excorrent, median and upper
macgin toothed, beta 15-20 nam lang ar loeget. Capsuleeanspiously
cansticted ander the awide amooth when doe; annulus goodly differentiated,
consisting of a single raav af smnalt, thick-w ailed cells, usualiy persistent;
belnav annolns, seaveral cows of horiezontaley elongated, thick-alaled coils;
othee cells of capsole aal ohick-avalledl hot not conspicouosly sa in thse
coon ers; somnat a nunmerous at baae of capaule. Spores denaely papillose,
33-36 p, matnring Janunay to hMaech.
  HABITAT: On bare anaist earth sash as ditch banks and roadsides,
or in small1 tofts in iantas.
  DaSnTIUTION: Florida: Comman throughout the state.

        Physomifefom collenchymatunm Glee PLATE 51
  Moch like the preceding except smsaller; plants only 2-3 natm high,
teavos ovate--laneolate, apex nitb shoot, abrupt tip, npper margin finely
tmothed, median mnargin toothed, basal macgin entice; costa percnrrent.
Setanabout 2mm.ong; capsule glabose,eryesmal, ntcnstiednder
thetnanthawhen dry;annulusoaking orerudimentaary;4-5Sowasaoftna-
ginal cells aomeavhat hoeizontally elongated, cells belowvseep iregolae
andi conspicously thickened in the cornecs. Spores papillose, 23-26 p.
  HAna-EAT: Sandey soil, roadside ditch.
  DISTRIBUTON: Missouri.
  Florida: Known anly from Seminole Canntv.
  This species mnay he tmistaken foatnmall fnrm of P. pyrifaorme aviahont
microscopic examination.

             AP14ANOPRRHPCMA

             Aphanorrhegmn oseerafom PLATE 52
         (Hook. & Wilt. ox Drumm.) Soil.
  Plants minue, much like a very sall Physcomitriosm. Leaves ovate-


   Aphanororhegma seornbom
(Hook. & Wilt, ox Drumma.) Soil.


PLATE 52


Plants minue, mock like a very small Physcontriumso. Leaves avate-



SPLACHNACEAE


51                  SPLACHNACEAE


51


lanceolate, apiculate, border indistinct, entire or finely toothed in upper
half, costa ending several cells below apex. Calyptra cap-shaped, with a
long, curved tip, 4-lobed, covering only the tip of the capsule. Capsules
immersed, globose, apiculate, dehiscing along 2 rows of smaller yellowish
cells in the equatorial region; cells of capsule walls rounded, thickened
in corners; stomata in basal part. Spores golden, papillose, 24-30 p.
Maturing in March and April.
  HABITAT: Moist soil, especially near ponds or streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.
  arity of collection is probably attributable to the small size of the
plants and their short growing season. I have found them mixed with
species of Bruchia in early spring, but failed to locate any plants after
only two or three weeks. The plants are small enough to include with
so-called "pygmies."


             SPLACH NACEAE
  Plants in tufts, very dark green, glossy. Leaves lanceolate, with long
acumination, flaccid, with lax cell arrangement resembling that of Fu-
naria; costa percurrent, often forming most of the long acumination.
Capsules erect, exserted, cylindric, with a prominent elongated hypoph-
ysis; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum short, conic, beaked; peristome
single, of 16 teeth, paired or in fours.

               TETRAPLODON

         Tetraplodon pennsylvanicus (Brid.) PLATE 53
               Sayre in Grout
  Leaves distant, long-lanceolate, entire or coarsely toothed with a few
prominent teeth; costa stout, percurrent, tip flexuous. Leaf cells large,
lax, 2-4: 1. Autoicous or dioicous; antheridia in conspicuous yellow cup-
like rosettes with numerous sterile filaments, terminal or at the ends of
short lateral branches; perichactial leaves sometimes entire and narrow,
otherwise undifferentiated. Seta about 1-3 cm, soft, hyaline. Hypophysis
as long or longer than the capsule, scarcely greater in diameter but con-
spicuous, dark green to purplish; capsule cylindric, sharply constricted
at junction with hypophysis, bright orange to red when mature; calyptra
hood-shaped, very short; operculum conic, beaked; peristome of 16 teeth,
occasionally reflexed in fours or pairs, densely papillose. Spores 7-12 a,
smooth.
  HABITAT: On soils rich in organic matter, cow dung, bones.
  DIsTR1BUTION: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Franklin, Highlands, Hills-
borough, Jackson, Lee, Leon, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.


lanceolate, apiculate, border indistinct, entire or finely toothed in upper
half, costa ending several cells below apex. Calyptra cap-shaped, with a
long, curved tip, 4-lobed, covering only the tip of the capsule. Capsules
immersed, globose, apiculate, dehiscing along 2 rows of smaller yellowish
cells in the equatorial region; cells of capsule walls rounded, thickened
in corners; stomata in basal part. Spores golden, papillose, 24-30 p.
Maturing in March and April.
  HABTAT: Moist soil, especially near ponds or streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.
  Rarity of collection is probably attributable to the small size of the
plants and their short growing season. I have found them mixed with
species of Bruchia in early spring, but failed to locate any plants after
only two or three weeks. The plants are small enough to include with
so-called "pygmies."


             SPLACH N ACEAE
  Plants in tufts, very dark green, glossy. Leaves lanceolate, with long
acumination, flaccid, with lax cell arrangement resembling that of Fu-
naria; costa percurrent, often forming most of the long acumination.
Capsules erect, exserted, cylindric, with a prominent elongated hypoph-
ysis; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum   short, conic, beaked; peristome
single, of 16 teeth, paired or in fours.

               TETRAPLODON

         Tetraplodon pennsylvanicus (Brid.) PLATE 53
               Sayre in Grout
  Leaves distant, long-lanceolate, entire or coarsely toothed with a few
prominent teeth; costa stout, percurrent, tip flexuous. Leaf cells large,
lax, 2-4: 1. Autoicous or dioicous; antheridia in conspicuous yellow cup-
like rosettes with numerous sterile filaments, terminal or at the ends of
short lateral branches; perichaetial leaves sometimes entire and narrow,
otherwise undifferentiated. Seta about 1-3 cm, soft, hyaline. Hypophysis
as long or longer than the capsule, scarcely greater in diameter but con-
spicuous, dark green to purplish; capsule cylindric, sharply constricted
at junction with hypophysis, bright orange to red when mature; calyptra
hood-shaped, very short; operculum conic, beaked; peristome of 16 teeth,
occasionally reflexed in fours or pairs, densely papillose. Spores 7-12 y,
smooth.
  HABITAT: On soils rich in organic matter, cow dung, bones.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Franklin, Highlands, Hills-
borough, Jackson, Lee, Leon, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.


              SPLACHNACEAE           51

lanceolate, apiculate, border indistinct, entire or finely toothed in upper
half, costa ending several cells below apex. Calyptra cap-shaped, with a
long, curved tip, 4-lobed, covering only the tip of the capsule. Capsules
immersed, globose, apiculate, dehiscing along 2 rows of smaller yellowish
cells in the equatorial region; cells of capsule walls rounded, thickened
in corners; stomata in basal part. Spores golden, papillose, 24-30 p.
Maturing in March and April.
  HABITAT: Moist soil, Cspecially near ponds or streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.
  Rarity of collection is probably attributable to the small size of the
plants and their short growing season. I have found them mixed with
species of Bruchia in early spring, but failed to locate any plants after
only two or three weeks. The plants are small enough to include with
so-called "pygmies."


             SPLACH NACEAE
  Plants in tufts, very dark green, glossy. Leaves lanceolate, with long
acumination, flaccid, with lax cell arrangement resembling that of Fu-
naria; costa percurrent, often forming most of the long acumination.
Capsules erect, exserted, cylindric, with a prominent elongated hypoph-
ysis; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum short, conic, beaked; peristome
single, of 16 teeth, paired or in fours.

               TETRAPLODON

         Tetraplodon pennsylvanicus (Brid.)         PLATE 53
               Sayre in Grout
  Leaves distant, long-lanceolate, entire or coarsely toothed with a few
prominent teeth; costa stout, percurrent, tip flexuous. Leaf cells large,
lax, 2-4:1. Autoicous or dioicous; antheridia in conspicuous yellow cup-
like rosettes with numerous sterile filaments, terminal or at the ends of
short lateral branches; perichaetial leaves sometimes entire and narrow,
otherwise undifferentiated. Seta about 1-3 cm, soft, hyaline. Hypophysis
as long or longer than the capsule, scarcely greater in diameter but con-
spicuous, dark green to purplish; capsule cylindric, sharply constricted
at junction with hypophysis, bright orange to red when mature; calyptra
hood-shaped, very short; operculum conic, beaked; peristome of 16 teeth,
occasionally reflexed in fours or pairs, densely papillose. Spores 7-12 y,
smooth.
  HABITAT: On soils rich in organic matter, cow dung, bones.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Clay, Franklin, Highlands, Hills-
borough, Jackson, Lee, Leon, Polk, Putnam, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.



52           MOSSES 0F FLORIDA

              ERPODIACEAE
 Plants delicate, soft, irregularly beanched; oates cells of stems lasge,
loose, hvaline. Leavescdimophic, i4rows, 2osof lagerdoal lees,
2 eases of satallee veoteol leoves (oaphigosesia); leaves crowedc, lying
inone plane, oveerlapping sehen dry, ecossate; appetece lls isodiasmessic,
papillose, slifgstly longer toward bose. Autoicons, beta shoes; capsale erect,
exserted, symmetric, persissens; stonsota ot hose of copsole; pereissome
lathing.

               SOLAISIELLA


52


MOSSES aF FLORtIDA             52


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


             ERPODIACEAE
 Plants delicate, soft, irregularly beanched; oases cells of stems losge,
loose, hyaline. Leaes dimorephic, in4os,2osof lagerdorsl leaes,
2 eases of smoollee venseol leaves (ansphigastsia); Iseaces ceaseded, lyinf
in one plone, oerelapping wehen dey, ecostote; appeso cells isocdiameric,
papillose, slightly longer toward hose. Ausoicous. beta shoes; capsule esecs,
exserttd, snmmetrc, pesistent; stoata athbasenftapsl;peistome
lackinf.

               SOLMSIELLA


              ERPODIACEAE
  Plants delicate, soft, irsegularly beanched; toutes cells of stents losge,
loose, healine. Lsees dinrephi, in 4 eons, 2 sates of loegeredossal lcevs,
2 totes of smsaller eal leaes (amphigostria); leaees croseced, lying
in one ploase, overlapping rehen dry, ccostate; upre cells isodiamtsi,
popillose, slightly longer soword base. Ausoicons. beta shoes; capsale esect,
exsessed, sysmmeseic, persissent; stoato at hose of capssule; peeistonme
lathing.

               SOLMSIELLA


Solmsiella kurzii Steese


PLATE 54


Solmsiella knezii Steece


PLATc 54


Solmsielfa kurzii Sence


PLATE 54


  Plants very sall and delicate, dash green, closely adhering to sob-
stroat; greats spartngly and irreefularly bronched. Leaees dinsorphic,
lying in one plane, she eentsal leaees (ansphigasscio) less shon half the
site of she dosol ones. Beaten rbizoids conspicous, groweing feoms she
stensoatthehases oftheentalleaes.Dosal eaes ovalin2oes,
asymmectric, she losers msaegits inflexed, cosae upper cells round so
hexagonal, bosal cells longee; macfin nndiffscentiated; cells papillose;
venal leoves in 2 cases, small, symmescic, seidely spreading, plone. An-
toicous; femalehbranchsshort, latral, 2-4 archegoniaenclosedhbya fewe
small ond inconspicuous pesichaetial lcevs; pesigonia small, hud-like.
Capsale ecect, cylindrical, exserted on ashotssddish scta; eaginale
seollen, ahous she same length as the capsule; opeecaslum astmmetric,
conie-opiculase; peristonme andi annulus laching. Spaces not seen (type
descriptian: 25 p in diameter, very greena, and minutely grcanulose).
Calyptra unnowsn.
lIOABTAT: On teunh of Mdagnolia frandiflora L. (Magnolia foetida
Sass.), Lobe Miccosuhee, Jeffeson Canry.
DISnTRIBTION: Until secentle it was hnoen only fcasn she type
habitat. In 1958 11. A. Pursell and W. 0. fleetse collected is hr Iberia
Parcish, saoubheestern Lonisiana, that extending its knowtreasnge same
500 miles westwread.

  The osiginal collection of this species was toads in 1934 hy Os. flee-
man Krs and scat to Or. A. NV. Eans foe desterination, along seith a
numaber of licerwcorts. The sporophyte typical of masses teas discoered
and its tre identity made by Dr. W. C. bSecte. It had not been cc-
collected Inc 2d years, in spits of occasional shaoogh searches foe is, oathl
P'. L, Bedfcacn, Jr., happened upon is in 1557. The plants ace ery dash
green, seidely seastered among leafy lieverworts, and if sterile could easily
he overlooked as mistahen foe young plants of Mastigolejerunea aucueslata
(Wailt. & Hook.) bchiffn.


Plants ery torall and delicate, dark green, cloely adhering so sob-
statuem; stem s sparintgly andc irregularly brheoed. Leaees dimorphic,
lying in one plane, the ventrsal leaves (amphigastsia) less than half the
site of the dorsal ones. Berewn ehizoids conspicuosus, gerseing icoms the
stemssatsthesbasesof thesvntal leaees. Dosal laes oval, in 2roes,
asymmetric, she lowree macfin inflexed, ecostate; op pee cclls stand to
hexagonal, basal tells longee; macgin undliffeeniated; cells paptillose;
venteal leaves irs 2 sores, stroll, symrmettie, weidely spreadiag, plane. An-
toicous; female hranehes shoes, lateral, 2-4 archegonia enclosed by a few
small anal inconspicuous pesichactial leaves; tersigonia stroll, hssd-lihe.
Capsule srect, cylindrical, ceseed an a shot reddish seta; vaginule
steollen, ahous the sante length as the capsule; operculum asymmaetric,
conic-apiclate; peristomse and anlus lathing. Spates nor seen (type
description: 25 p in diamseter, very green, and minutely geonalose).
Calyptra anhknown.
HAnBITT On teunh of Mlagnsolia grandoiflora L. (Magnoalia foetidao
Sarg.), Lobe Miccosuhee, Jefferson Canry.
DISTRIBUTION: Until recentl y it teas hnoen only fromr she type
habitat. Ia 1558 B. A. Purel and WX. D. Reese collected is in Iberia
Parrish, soothteestern Louisiana, sttar extending its bnoon range sante
500 miles westwared.

The original collection of this species teas made hr 1934 by Dr. flee-
man Krs and scat to Ds. A. WV. Evans for detscanaation, alongteith a
number of livetworts, The sposophyte typical of smosses seas discovered
and its tre identity trade by Os. XW. C. Ssectc. Is hod not been cc-
coleced fore23years, inspitecof occasionallhasangbsearchtsforeit,auntl
P. L. Resdfearn, Jr., happened upon is in 1557. The plants ate vety dash
green, reidely seattesed among leafy lievereorts, and if sterile cosuld easily
be overloohed as mrissaken foe young plants of Mastigolejeunsea arelaita
(XWils. & Hook.) Schiffn.


Plants ercy small and delicate, dash green, closely adhering to sob-
strasum; stems sparingly and iregularly branched. Leaees dimorphic,
lying in one plane, the ventral lsevs (ampigeastsia) less shan half she
site of the dorsal ones. Brown rbizoids eonspicots, getting feamts he
stemstthehbases oftheeentralileaves. Dorsal leavesnoval, in2 sates,
asymmsesrc, she lan-er macgint inflexed, ecostate; apperc elit rond so
hexagonal, basal cells longer; argist undiferentiated; tells populatse;
vensral leaves in 2 etaws, small, symmtesti, weidely speading, piane. An-
talents; femrale branches short, latral, 2-4 archegonia enclosed by a fete
smoall and inconspicnaus pesichaesial leaves; perigonia stroll, bud-like.
Capsule tet, cylindrical, exteeted an a shot reddish seta; eaginale
steollen, abous the some length as she capsusle; operculumasymtrc
conie-apicateo; perissome and attains lackinsg. Spates nor seen (type
description: 25 pt in diamoeter, very greena, and minutely gconulose).
Calypra unnorn.
HABITAT: On tenkb of Magnolia grandliflora L. (Mlagnolio foetida
Sasg.), Lobe Xliccosukce, Jeffeson County.
DISTRIBUTION: Until rcently is teas hknoen only from she type
habitat. In 1955 R. A. Pursell and XX. D. fleetse collected is in Iberia
Parrish, southwestern Lonisiana, that extending its kowrn range same
500 miles wecstwarsd.

  The osiginal collection of this species wsca made in 1934 by Os. Het-
msanKrzsand sent toeD. A. WV. Eans fordetermination, alongwith a
number of lisecrwocts. The sporophyte typical of mrosses was dliscovered
and its tate identity made by Os. XV. C. freest. It had ot been cc-
collected foe 25 yeats, in spite of occasional thaoaogh seasches foe it, oatil
P. L. Rledfearn, Jr., happened upon it in 1957. The plants ace erey dash
geen, weidely scartered among leafy livcerworts, and if sterile eonld easily
be oerloohed as mistahen foe yong plasts of Maotigolejeunea auiriuata
(XWils. & Hlook.) Schiffn.



                   ORTHORICHAEAEft

           ORTHOTRICHACEAE
 Peimary stems long, creeping, with nueouso sot, densely foliate
 secoodary stems. Leaves croweded in eosettes, usually crisped or conoreted
whben doy, speeading ashen swet, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, 00 lingulate,
concave oe keeled; nppee leaf cello small, isodiameteic, thick-stalled,
sooth 00 papillose, geadnally becoming longer belowv; basal cells some-
times highly diffcocoateaod; costa steong, peecureen t. Capsules exseeted on
shortaceta, eect; calv~ptea cap-shaped oe hell-shaped, smooth, spiny, oe
bairy, nsnally comtpletely coveeing capsule; opeecalant conic; peeistome
doable, single, or lacking.
Tbhe representatives of this family occureing in Florida all belong to
the Maceonmitrieae. Therefore, cbaeacteeistics of ceetain geneea ace not coy-
ereedby this family description.
               KEY 00 GExEnA
1. Leavecabodeed athbaeby inecaells,athebasl celsshor;cllssmooth;
  apeeabruetby aipped; calvetra apiny at tic.p -------      --..............__..Geoutoelta
t. Allhaalcells elongate
  2. Leases horizontatlysseinkled aoe; uper cetts smooth, basal elo cot dif-
    teeentiated; calyptea belt-shooed, not cleated- -      Schlotheinia
  2. Leaves ot wrinled aovas; nper cells conspicuously cacitlose; horder at
    elarecd rectanguar cells at hatc; calyctra coo-shooed, pteatesd

 Kee to the thee species of the Oeahoteichocoae tound to Florida, based eclut-
 sisely onvgetatisechaacters:
 1. Leavs osate-laneoat; cellstmooth
 2. Loot aces broad, abruptly mucetonate; teases wrinkled lengthaise.......
                            Crotiella aescesaifoals
  2. Loaf aces naoer, mecca leaa proounced; teavsswsinkled horizontally
    aboveso ..- - - - - - --..............................Sehtotheimia ru o li a
t. Leases lanceolase; cells ssroogly papillte -  Macromietnu  richardii

               GROU[TIELLA
       Groutiella muacronifolia (Hook. & Grenv.) PLATE 55
               Cram & Steee
     Maceomtiteiuom muceonifolium (Hook. & Coov.) Grout
 Plants dock greenish-black except too green growing tips; secondary
 branches nunmeous, shoot. Leases crowyded, spirally twsisted around stem
 wvhen dry, spreading ashen amoist, concave, kongulate, apex eonoded, wvith
 an abruptoshortomcro,somtimhes ssrinkled lengtho-ise; cos-tastong, end-
 log jest belowv apex or in the acumination; upper loaf cells small, round,
 smooth or bulging, marginal cells smaller; coils gradually inceasing in
 sloe toard base, wvith 2-3 cons of marginal cells elongated; basal angles
 sometimes orange to beaten. Auaoicous. Capsole exserted an shoot sot,
 boadly ovate to cylindric, ercc or slightly inclined, not contracted belon-


ORTHOTRICHACEAE


53


ORTHOTRICHACEAE


53


           ORTHOTRICHACEAE
 Pointary stemss long, ceeping, wsith numeous shoot, densely foliate
 secondary stems. Leaves crowded in rosetoes, usually crisped oc contacted
ashen dry, spreading ashen weot, lanceolate, ovate-lancelate, 00 liogalate,
  nocaeor keeled; upper leaf cells smtall, isodiantric, ahick-wvalled,
smtor0 papillose, gradually becoming looger belosw; basal cells some-
times highly cliffereotiated; costa strong, percarren. Capsules escoted on
shoot setae, erect; calvptra cap-shaped or hell-shaped, stmooth, spiny, 00
hairy, cscally completely coaering capsule; opercalam conic; peristome
doable, single, or lacking.
Tbe reopreentatives of this fanaily occurring in Florida all belong to
the Macromitricae. Therefore, characteistics of contain genera ace not cov-
coed he this family description.
               ties o GExERA
1.L leah ordeedathbase-hylnearecells,otherhasal cellsshortccls smooth;
  aex ahbouptly tipped; calyptra spiny at sipc.--------------_--.----Ccroneclla
1. Allthasatocellslongate
  2. Lcases horizontatly weinkled ahove; uecellts seooth, bsal cello cot dif-
    fecectiated; caly-ctra holl-shooed, not cleated- -  -  Schlotheiaia
  2. Leavsc ot weinhted aoves; upper cello conspicuously capillos; borer of
    enlarged rectangular celo at base; catyptra cap-sbaped, cleated.
                                Mfacromitrioum
 Keyyaothe thresoccies oftthe Orotoichaceac found inlorida,hbasedtecl-
 aiel n vegativ lc aates
 1. Leases ovate-lanceotate; colls smooth
 2. Loaf apes broad, abruptly mucenate; toeaesa arinkledlngthwoise.._....
                            Ceo,,tictic muconifolia
  2. Leaf apex aow-er, mucro teas pronoonced; teavso w-rinkled horizontalhy
    abovc.---   - .......... .......------- ._...._....Schlotheimeia rugifolia
t. Leavst lanceolate; colls stroegly cacilloso-_______ Macronitriua richardii

               GROIUTI ELLA
       Grouiella mcreonifolia (Hook. & Goes.) PLATE 55
               Cram & Stere
     Macromoitriumn mucronifoliusm (Hook. & Coov.) Cout
 Plants dock greenish-black except for green growsing tips; secondary
 branches numeous, shoot. Leases crowsded, spirally twisted aroundl stem
 ashen dry, spreading ashen mtoist, concave, lingulate, apex rounded, wvith
 an abrupt shoot ntucro, sometimet awctnkled lengthnihe; costa strong, cod-
 log jasa belowv apex or in the acumianation; upper leaf cells smoall, raod,
 smooth or helping, marginal cells smaller; cells graduallyicreasing in
 sloe ton-aoc base, awitb 2-3 eon-s tf marginal cells eloogated; basal angles
 sometimes orange to browyn. Autoicoas. Capsule exserted on shoet seta,
 broadly osate to ct-liedric, erect or slightly inclined, not contracted hbow


           ORTHOTRICHACEAE
 Primacy stems long, creeping, ssith numeous shoot, densely foliate
 secoodary stemas. Leaves cotsdod in rosetoes, usually crisped or contacted
ashen dry, speading n-ben net, lanceolat, osate-lanceolat, 00 lingulate,
concave nor keeled; upper leaf cells small, isodiamearic, ahick-nalled,
smooth or papillose, gradually becotming benger below; basal cells some-
times highly cdiffeatntiated; costa strong, percurrent. Capsules cxerted n
shoot setae, erct; calv-ptra cap-shaped or bell-shaped, smooth, spiny, or
hairy, uscally completely covering capsale; opecclam conic; pertstome
doable, single, or lacking.
The representatises of this family occnrring in Plorida all belong to
the Macromitrieae. Therefore, oharacteristics of cetain genera ace coo coy-
coed by this family deoscription.
               tiEs nO GENERA
1. Leavsc borered at hase by lhneae colts, other hasal colls shoot; colts smooth;
  apecx ahruptv tipped; catyptra apiny at tic_-------------- Coso..   Goctila
1. Allhbasat cllsclongate
  2. Looses horizontaly weinkted abose; epper cells smooth, batal cello coo dif-
    ferentiated; calyctra helt-shaped, not cleated- -      Schlotheimia
  2. Lcavcs ot wsrinkted ahoe; upper colls conspicously capilos; horer of
    enlarged rectangular cells at hose; calyptra cac-shaced, cleated.
                                Mtaooitrium
 tKeytoobthecre spcietoftheoOthosoiobaacoaod inlorida, basedcecl-
 sisetyaonsegtativchaactrs
 1. teases ov-ate-lanceolte; coils smooth
 2. Loaf acea broad, abruptly mucenate; leavs n-tinkled lengthwise.
                            Coticlla taueooifolia
  2. Leaf aces narrooot, mecca loot ronounced; teases wriekled horizontally
    ahove-....--- .........--.--------------    te.Shlotheimia ruaifolha
t. Leases lanceolate; cello sttongly oscillate -    AMacomnitrium rchardii

               GROUTI ELLA
       Croutiella mcreonifolia (Hook. & Goes.) PLATO 55
               Cram & Stere
     Macronoitritm mseceonifolium (Hook. & Coos.) Crout
 Plants dark greenish-black except foe green feaswing tips; secondary
 branches oumerous, shortL Loaves crowded, spirally tasisted arond stemo
 ashen dry, spreading ashen moist, concave, kingulate, apex eonded, wsith
 an abrupt shoot muacro, sometimes wvrinkled lengthwvise; cotta stongc, cod-
 ing jest belows apex sor in the acunminatian; upper loaf colls small, rocod,
 smooth nor bulging, marginal cells smaller; cells gradoally inceasing in
 sloe tonward base, nith 2-3 roas of marginal cells elongated; basal angles
 sometimces orange to bonn. Autoicoas. Capsuloe eserted an shoot seta,
 broadly ovate to cylindric, erect or slighatly- inclined, not contracted belon-



54           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
the wide mouth, stomata conspicuous in basal part; calyptra cap-shaped,
smooth, wrinkled lengthwise, covering capsule; operculum beaked; peri-
stome reduced or absent. Spores smooth or faintly papillose, 56 p.
HAB1TAT: On trees.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Galapagos Islands.
Florida: Broward, Collier, Dade, Jackson, Manatee, Monroe, St.
Johns, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

              SCHLOTHEIMIA
     Schlotheimia rugifolia (Hook.) Schwaegr.          PLATE 56
           Schlotheimia sullivantii C. M.
  Plants in spreading mats, dark green to reddish brown, growing tips
light green; secondary branches numerous, short, densely foliate. Leaves
pressed close to stems and slightly spiraled when dry, spreading when
moist; lingulate, abruptly short-mucronate, prominently horizontally
wrinkled above; costa strong, extending into a short, abrupt tip; cells
smooth, upper small and rounded, basal elongated. Perichaetial leaves
undifferentiated. Calyptra nearly twice as long as capsule and covering it
completely, lobed and incurved at base, rough and spiny at apex.
  HABITAT: On trees and logs.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America;
Gulf states north to Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee,
Hernando, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Lcvy, Liberty,
Manatee, Marion, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa
Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washing-
ton Counties.
              MACROMITRIUM
         Macromitrium richardii Schwaegr. PLATE 55
         Macromitrium   rhabdocarpum  Mitt.
  Plants in dense spreading mats, reddish brown except at growing tips.
Leaves crowded, crisped, tips inrolled when dry, spreading when moist,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, apiculate, frequently keeled; margins finely
toothed above, entire below; upper leaf cells rounded, thick-walled, strong-
ly papillose on both sides, gradually becoming smooth and elongate toward
base, basal cells oblong to linear, walls thicker than cell cavity, the basal
margin bordered by a row of larger rectangular cells; costa strong, ending
just below apex. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves larger, more slenderly
acute, not papillose. Seta short, straight; capsule oblong-cylindric, erect,
symmetric, gradually narrowed at both ends; calyptra cap-shaped, wrin-


54          MOSSES OF FLORIDA              54


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


the wide mouth, stomata conspicuous in basal part; calyptra cap-shaped,
smooth, wrinkled lengthwise, covering capsule; operculum beaked; peri-
stome reduced or absent. Spores smooth or faintly papillose, 56 p.
HABtTAT: On trees.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Galapagos Islands.
Florida: Broward, Collier, Dade, Jackson, Manatee, Monroe, St.
Johns, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

              SCHLOTHEIMIA
     Schlotheimia rugifolia (Hook.) Schwaegr.          PLATE 56
           Schlotheimia sullivantii C. M.
 Plants in spreading mats, dark green to reddish brown, growing tips
light green; secondary branches numerous, short, densely foliate. Leaves
pressed close to stems and slightly spiraled when dry, spreading when
moist; lingulate, abruptly short-mucronate, prominently horizontally
wrinkled above; costa strong, extending into a short, abrupt tip; cells
smooth, upper small and rounded, basal elongated. Perichaetial leaves
undifferentiated. Calyptra nearly twice as long as capsule and covering it
completely, lobed and incurved at base, rough and spiny at apex.
  HABITAT: On trees and logs.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America;
Gulf states north to Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia,
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee,
Hernando, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Manatee, Marion, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa
Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washing-
ton Counties.
              MACROMITRIUM
         Macromitrium richardii Schwaegr. PLATE 55
         Macromitrium rhabdocarpum Mitt.
  Plants in dense spreading mats, reddish brown except at growing tips.
Leaves crosvded, crisped, tips inrolled when dry, spreading when moist,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, apiculate, frequently keeled; margins finely
toothed above, entire below; upper leaf cells rounded, thick-walled, strong-
ly papillose on both sides, gradually becoming smooth and elongate toward
base, basal cells oblong to linear, walls thicker than cell cavity, the basal
margin bordered by a row of larger rectangular cells; costa strong, ending
just below apex. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves larger, more slenderly
acute, not papillose. Seta short, straight; capsule oblong-cylindric, erect,
symmetric, gradually narrowed at both ends; calyptra cap-shaped, wrin-


the wide mouth, stomata conspicuous in basal part; calyptra cap-shaped,
smooth, wrinkled lengthwise, covering capsule; operculum beaked; peri-
stome reduced or absent. Spores smooth or faintly papillose, 56 p.
  HaB1TAT: On trees.
  DIsTR1BUT1ON: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
Galapagos Islands.
Florida: Broward, Collier, Dade, Jackson, Manatee, Monroe, St.
Johns, Seminole, Volusia Counties.

              SCHLOTHEIMIA
     Schlotheimia rugifolia (Hook.) Schwaegr.        PLATE 56
           Schlotheimia sullivantii C. M.
  Plants in spreading mats, dark green to reddish brown, growing tips
light green; secondary branches numerous, short, densely foliate. Leaves
pressed close to stems and slightly spiraled when dry, spreading when
moist; lingulate, abruptly short-mucronate, prominently horizontally
wrinkled above; costa strong, extending into a short, abrupt tip; cells
smooth, upper small and rounded, basal elongated. Perichaetial leaves
undifferentiated. Calyptra nearly twice as long as capsule and covering it
completely, lobed and incurved at base, rough and spiny at apex.
  HAB1TAT: On trees and logs.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America;
Gulf states north to Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee,
Hernando, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Manatee, Marion, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa
Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton, Washing-
ton Counties.
              MACROMITRIUM


Macromitrium richardii Schwaegr.
Macromitrium rhabdocarpum Mitt.


PLATE 55


  Plants in dense spreading mats, reddish brown except at growing tips.
Leaves crowded, crisped, tips inrolled when dry, spreading when moist,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, apiculate, frequently keeled; margins finely
toothed above, entire below; upper leaf cells rounded, thick-walled, strong-
ly papillose on both sides, gradually becoming smooth and elongate toward
base, basal cells oblong to linear, walls thicker than cell cavity, the basal
margin bordered by a row of larger rectangular cells; costa strong, ending
just below apex. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves larger, more slenderly
acute, not papillose. Seta short, straight; capsule oblong-cylindric, erect,
symmetric, gradually narrowed at both ends; calyptra cap-shaped, wrin-



             AULACOMNIACEAE          55
kled lengthwise, split about half its length, incised along basal margin,
prominent hairs on upper half; peristome deeply inserted, single, teeth
short, papillose, fragile, easily broken off. Spores rough, 18 p.
HABITAT: On trees and logs.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Seminole, Volusia,
Wakulla, Walton Counties.

           A ULACOMNIACEAE
              AULACOMNIUM
 Plants robust, tufted, pale green to yellowish, brownish-red tomentum
 on stem. Leaves large, lanceolate to ovate, concave, slightly decurrent,
margins sometimes recurved, irregularly toothed above, entire below;
costa strong, ending below apex; upper cells small, round, thick-walled,
with a single papilla on each surface; lower cells larger, smooth. Florida
specimens sterile.
Leaves ovate, apex rounded, toothed in upper half.- ..... __....A. heterostichum
Leaves lanceolate, apex acute, toothed only near tip .    A. palustre

     Aulacomnium heterostichum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 57
  Plants in loose tufts, stems branching near tips. Leaves larger and
more crowded toward tip of stem, sometimes inclined in one direction,
ovate; tip rounded and apiculate; margin coarsely toothed in upper half,
entire or nearly so in lower; costa strong, broader at base, ending below
apex; upper and median cells small, walls thickened in the corners, with
a single low, inconspicuous papilla on each surface; basal cells smooth,
quadrate to rhomboidal, smaller and more regular toward the margin.
  HABITAT: At bases of trees or on wet stream banks in rich woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon Counties.

     Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. PLATE 57
  Plants in loose tufts or growing more or less isolated among other
mosses, yellowish, seldom branching, often attenuated, very tomentose.
Leaves lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, keeled, contorted when dry; mar-
gin coarsely and irregularly toothed near apex, entire and recurved below;
costa strong, ending below apex; upper and median cell walls thickened
in the corners, the single papilla obscure; cells gradually becoming larger,
irregularly shaped, and swollen below, 2-3 rows of narrow rectangular
cells along basal margins.
HABITAT: In swamps and on wet acid soils, often with Sphagnum.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Franklin, Hernando, Jackson,
Leon, Liberty, Polk, St. Johns, Seminole, Taylor, Walton Counties.


             AULACOMNIACEAE          55
kled lengthwise, split about half its length, incised along basal margin,
prominent hairs on upper half; peristome deeply inserted, single, teeth
short, papillose, fragile, easily broken off. Spores rough, 18 p.
HAB1TAT: On trees and logs.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Seminole, Volusia,
Wakulla, Walton Counties.

           AU LACOMNIA CEAE
              AULACOMNIUM
 Plants robust, tufted, pale green to yellowish, brownish-red tomentum
 on stem. Leaves large, lanceolate to ovate, concave, slightly decurrent,
margins sometimes recurved, irregularly toothed above, entire below;
costa strong, ending below apex; upper cells small, round, thick-walled,
with a single papilla on each surface; lower cells larger, smooth. Florida
specimens sterile.
Leaves ovate, apex rounded, toothed in upper half-.-_-......-.._A. heterostichum
Leaves lanceolate, apex acute, toothed only near tip  ...      A. palustre

     Aulacomnium heterostichum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 57
  Plants in loose tufts, stems branching near tips. Leaves larger and
more crowded toward tip of stem, sometimes inclined in one direction,
ovate; tip rounded and apiculate; margin coarsely toothed in upper half,
entire or nearly so in lower; costa strong, broader at base, ending below
apex; upper and median cells small, walls thickened in the corners, with
a single low, inconspicuous papilla on each surface; basal cells smooth,
quadrate to rhomboidal, smaller and more regular toward the margin.
HABITAT : At bases of trees or on wet stream banks in rich woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon Counties.

     Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. PLATE 57
  Plants in loose tufts or growing more or less isolated among other
mosses, yellowish, seldom branching, often attenuated, very tomentose.
Leaves lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, keeled, contorted when dry; mar-
gin coarsely and irregularly toothed near apex, entire and recurved below;
costa strong, ending below apex; upper and median cell walls thickened
in the corners, the single papilla obscure; cells gradually becoming larger,
irregularly shaped, and swollen below, 2-3 rows of narrow rectangular
cells along basal margins.
HABITAT: In swamps and on wet acid soils, often with Sphagnum.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Franklin, Hernando, Jackson,
Leon, Liberty, Polk, St. Johns, Seminole, Taylor, Walton Counties.


             AULACOMNIACEAE          55
kled lengthwise, split about half its length, incised along basal margin,
prominent hairs on upper half; peristome deeply inserted, single, teeth
short, papillose, fragile, easily broken off. Spores rough, 18 p.
HABITAT: On trees and logs.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Seminole, Volusia,
Wakulla, Walton Counties.

           A U LACOM NIACEAE
              AULACOMNIUM
 Plants robust, tufted, pale green to yellowish, brownish-red tomentum
 on stem. Leaves large, lanceolate to ovate, concave, slightly decurrent,
margins sometimes recurved, irregularly toothed above, entire below;
costa strong, ending below apex; upper cells small, round, thick-walled,
with a single papilla on each surface; lower cells larger, smooth. Florida
specimens sterile.
Leaves ovate, apex rounded, toothed in upper half.    A. heterostichum
Leaves lanceolate, apex acute, toothed only near tip --..........__-.._ A. palustre

     Aulacomnium heterostichum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 57
  Plants in loose tufts, stems branching near tips. Leaves larger and
more crowded toward tip of stem, sometimes inclined in one direction,
ovate; tip rounded and apiculate; margin coarsely toothed in upper half,
entire or nearly so in lower; costa strong, broader at base, ending below
apex; upper and median cells small, walls thickened in the corners, with
a single low, inconspicuous papilla on each surface; basal cells smooth,
quadrate to rhomboidal, smaller and more regular toward the margin.
  HABITAT: At bases of trees or on wet stream banks in rich woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon Counties.

     Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. PLATE 57
  Plants in loose tufts or growing more or less isolated among other
mosses, yellowish, seldom branching, often attenuated, very tomentose.
Leaves lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, keeled, contorted when dry; mar-
gin coarsely and irregularly toothed near apex, entire and recurved below;
costa strong, ending belos apex; upper and median cell walls thickened
in the corners, the single papilla obscure; cells gradually becoming larger,
irregularly shaped, and swollen below, 2-3 rows of narrow rectangular
cells along basal margins.
HABITAT: In swamps and on wet acid soils, often with Sphagnum.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Franklin, Hernando, Jackson,
Leon, Liberty, Polk, St. Johns, Seminole, Taylor, Walton Counties.



56           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

            BARTRAMIACEAE
  Plants in dense cushions, small, pale yellow-green, glaucous, tomen-
tose at base of stems, branching near tips. Leaves triangular or linear,
narrowed to a pointed apex; margins plane or recurved, toothed or doubly
toothed; costa ending below apex, percurrent, or excurrent; upper leaf
cells rectangular, 6-8: 1 (shorter in Philonotis gracillima), papillose by
projections of the end walls of the cells; basal cells larger. Seta long;
capsule large, globose, inclined, sometimes with a swelling on one side
of the base, strongly wrinkled when dry; operculum conic, pointed; peri-
stome double. Spores coarsely papillose.

               PHILONOTIS
 Leaves small, crowded, closely pressed to stem    when dry, triangular
 to linear-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate; costa ending below apex, per-
 current, or excurrent; margins plane or recurved, with 1 or 2 rows of
 teeth; upper leaf cells rectangular, papillose at upper ends by projecting
cell walls; basal cells larger, thin-walled. Small reproductive branches
common. Dioicous or monoicous. Seta long, yellowish brown; capsules
globose, large in proportion to leafy stems, inclined, somewhat asym-
metric, sometimes with a swelling just above the seta, deeply furrowed
and wrinkled when dry; peristote double, teeth with prominent bars,
the upper joints with irregular thickenings; segments densely papillose.
Spores flattened on one side or kidney-shaped, papillose, 20-26 p.
1. Leaves obtuse or rounded at tip, costa ending below apex..- P. gracillima
1. Leaves acute to acuminate, costa percurrent or excurrent
  2. Autoicous -.._...........- - -........... ..-- - --.. ................. ......_ . . ._ loo_- P ngiseta
  2. Dioicous
    3.  Stem  tips hooked______......- - -_ -______...._______..__.... _ _ P. uncinata
    3. Stem tips not hooked
    4. Leaves 4-5 times as long as broad, straight, sharply toothed, costa
       long-excurrent_..................---.._--_......P..................P. sphaerocarpa
     4. Leaves 3 times as long as broad, straight or curved, bluntly toothed,
       costa percurrent.-...--....._. ....................---...____P. glaucescens

             Philonotis gracillima Angstr. PLATE 58
 Plants loosely tufted, delicate, bright green. Leaves erect, spreading,
narrowly ovate, bluntly toothed, apex obtuse, costa ending several cells
below apex; cells 1-3: 1, hyaline, weakly papillose at upper end by pro-
jecting cell angles.
HABITAT: On moist soil or on limestone, at edges of springs or
streams where plants are frequently wet by spray or inundated.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Madison, Marion, Seminole Counties.


56           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

            BARTRAMIACEAE
  Plants in dense cushions, small, pale yellow-green, glaucous, tomen-
tose at base of stems, branching near tips. Leaves triangular or linear,
narrowed to a pointed apex; margins plane or recurved, toothed or doubly
toothed; costa ending below apex, percurrent, or excurrent; upper leaf
cells rectangular, 6-8:1 (shorter in Philonotis gracillima), papillose by
projections of the end walls of the cells; basal cells larger. Seta long;
capsule large, globose, inclined, sometimes with a swelling on one side
of the base, strongly wrinkled when dry; operculum conic, pointed; peri-
stome double. Spores coarsely papillose.

               PHILONOTIS
  Leaves small, crowded, closely pressed to steto when dry, triangular
to linear-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate; costa ending below apex, per-
current, or excurrent; margins plane or recurved, with I or 2 rows of
teeth; upper leaf cells rectangular, papillose at upper ends by projecting
cell walls; basal cells larger, thin-walled. Small reproductive branches
common. Dioicous or monoicous. Seta long, yellowish brown; capsules
globose, large in proportion to leafy stems, inclined, somewhat asym-
metric, sometimes with a swelling just above the seta, deeply furrowed
and wrinkled when dry; peristome double, teeth with prominent bars,
the upper joints with irregular thickenings; segments densely papillose.
Spores flattened on one side or kidney-shaped, papillose, 20-26 p.
1. Leaves obtuse or rounded at tip, costa ending below apex..  P. gracillina
1. Leaves acute to acuminate, costa percurrent or excurrent
  2. Autoicous........--............. .._________..__... . P. tongiseta
  2. Dioicous
    3. Stem tips hooked-..........____..____........__..._..__.....__.........._______P. uncinata
    3. Stem tips not hooked
    4. Leaves 4-5 times as long as broad, straight, sharply toothed, costa
       long-excurrent...... _._.......P. sphaerocarpa
     4. Leaves 3 times as long as broad, straight or curved, bluntly toothed,
       costa percurrent.................................... P. glaucescens

             Philonotis gracillima Angstr. PLATE 58
 Plants loosely tufted, delicate, bright green. Leaves erect, spreading,
narrowly ovate, bluntly toothed, apex obtuse, costa ending several cells
below apex; cells 1-3: 1, hyaline, weakly papillose at upper end by pro-
jecting cell angles.
HABITAT: On moist soil or on limestone, at edges of springs or
streams where plants are frequently wet by spray or inundated.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Madison, Marion, Seminole Counties.


56


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


            BARTRAMIACEAE
 Plants in dense cushions, small, pale yellow-green, glaucous, tomen-
 tose at base of stems, branching near tips. Leaves triangular or linear,
 narrowed to a pointed apex; margins plane or recurved, toothed or doubly
 toothed; costa ending below apex, percurrent, or excurrent; upper leaf
 cells rectangular, 6-8:1 (shorter in Philonotis gracillima), papillose by
 projections of the end walls of the cells; basal cells larger. Seta long;
 capsule large, globose, inclined, sometimes with a swelling on one side
 of the base, strongly wrinkled when dry; operculum conic, pointed; peri-
 stome double. Spores coarsely papillose.

               PHILONOTIS
 Leaves small, crowded, closely pressed to stem    when dry, triangular
 to linear-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate; costa ending below    apex, per-
 current, or excurrent; margins plane or recurved, with 1 or 2 rows of
 teeth; upper leaf cells rectangular, papillose at upper ends by projecting
cell walls; basal cells larger, thin-walled. Small reproductive branches
common. Dioicous or monoicous. Seta long, yellowish brown; capsules
globose, large in proportion to leafy stems, inclined, somewhat asym-
metric, sometimes with a swelling just above the seta, deeply furrowed
and wrinkled when dry; peristome double, teeth with prominent bars,
the upper joints with irregular thickenings; segments densely papillose.
Spores flattened on one side or kidney-shaped, papillose, 20-26 p.
1. Leaves obtuse or rounded at tip, costa ending below apex..-P. gracillima
1. Leaves acute to acuminate, costa percurrent or excurrent
  2. Autoicous_._.._..___...-.....---------.................._. _ _ _P. longiseta
  2. Dioicous
    3. Stem tips hooked.....-- . ..__........o ta......................______.....P. uncinata
    3. Stem tips not hooked
    4. Leaves 4-5 times as long as broad, straight, sharply toothed, costa
       long-excurrent..._........... _....................------... .....P. sphaerocarpa
     4. Leaves 3 times as long as broad, straight or curved, bluntly toothed,
       costa percurrent........................................-- - - - -...._ --....P. glaucescens

             Philonotis gracillima Angstr. PLATE 58
 Plants loosely tufted, delicate, bright green. Leaves erect, spreading,
narrowly ovate, bluntly toothed, apex obtuse, costa ending several cells
below apex; cells 1-3: 1, hyaline, weakly papillose at upper end by pro-
jecting cell angles.
HABITAT: On moist soil or on limestone, at edges of springs or
streams where plants are frequently wet by spray or inundated.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Madison, Marion, Seminole Counties.



BARTRAMIACEAE


57


BARTRAMIACEAE


57


BARTRAMIACEAE


57


      Philonotis longiseta (Mx.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 59
  Plants tufted, pale yellowish-green, tomentose below. Leaves small,
crowded, triangular-lanceolate; costa percurrent to short-excurrent; mar-
gins recurved, toothed; papillae on upper cells conspicuous. Autoicous.
Seta up to 3 cm long; capsules as for the genus.
  HABITAT: On moist clay soils; common on phosphate rock in cen-
tral Florida.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Leon, Manatee, Polk, Seminole,
Suwannee, Walton Counties.


      Philonotis uncinata (Schwaegr.) Brid. PLATE 59
  Plants compactly tufted, pale yellowish green, tomentose below; stem
tips conspicuously hooked. Leaves triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, often
curved, costa short-excurrent; margins recurved, toothed. Dioicous. Scta
1.5-2 cm long; capsule ovoid, slightly inclined.
  HABITAT: On moist rocks at edge of streams where plants are fre-
quently wet.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Liberty, Manatee, Polk, Seminole Counties.


      Philonotis sphaerocarpa (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 59
  Plants tufted, stemns more or less erect, tomentose. Leaves crowded,
spreading, long triangular-lanceolate; costa forming a long, excurrent,
toothed point; margin recurved, sharply toothed. Dioicous. Capsules glo-
bose, inclined, wrinkled when dry.
  HABITAT: On moist clay soils.
  DISTRInUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Jefferson, Lee, Leon,
Levy, Marion, Seminole, Volusia Counties.


      Philonotis glaucescens (Hornsch.) Paris PLATE 58
  Plants small, tufted, yellowish or brownish with age, ends of branches
recurved. Leaves crowded, triangular to triangular-lanceolate, sometimes
curved at tips; costa percurrent; margins often doubly toothed, teeth
blunt. Dioicous. Seta 1-1.5 cm    long; capsules ovoid, inclined, with a
prominent swelling on one side near the base.
HIABITAT : On moist soil or calcareous rocks.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Duval, Gadsden,
Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Manatee, Marion, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Volusia, Wakulla
Counties.


      Philonotis longiseta (Mx.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 59
  Plants tufted, pale yellowish-green, tomentose below. Leaves small,
crowded, triangular-lanceolate; costa percurrent to short-excurrent; mar-
gins recurved, toothed; papillae on upper cells conspicuous. Autoicous.
Seta up to 3 cm long; capsules as for the genus.
  HABITAT: On moist clay soils; common on phosphate rock in cen-
tral Florida.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Leon, Manatee, Polk, Seminole,
Suwannee, Walton Counties.


       Philonotis uncinata (Schwaegr.) Brid. PLATE 59
  Plants compactly tufted, pale yellowish green, tomentose below; stem
tips conspicuously hooked. Leaves triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, often
curved, costa short-excurrent; margins recurved, toothed. Dioicous. Seta
1.5-2 cm long; capsule ovoid, slightly inclined.
  HABITAT: On moist rocks at edge of streams where plants are fre-
quently wet.
  DISTRIBUTON: Florida: Liberty, Manatee, Polk, Seminole Counties.


      Philonotis sphaerocarpa (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 59
 Plants tufted, stems more or less erect, tomentose. Leaves crowded,
 spreading, long triangular-lanceolate; costa forming a long, excurrent,
 toothed point; margin recurved, sharply toothed. Dioicous. Capsules glo-
 bose, inclined, wrinkled when dry.
 HABrTAT: On moist clay soils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Jefferson, Lee, Leon,
 Levy, Marion, Seminole, Volusia Counties.


      Philonotis glaucescens (Hornsch.) Paris PLATE 58
  Plants small, tufted, yellowish or brownish with age, ends of branches
recurved. Leaves crowded, triangular to triangular-lanceolate, sometimes
curved at tips; costa percurrent; margins often doubly toothed, teeth
blunt. Dioicous. Seta 1-1.5 cm long; capsules ovoid, inclined, with a
prominent swelling on one side near the base.
  HAnTAT: On moist soil or calcareous rocks.
  DIsTRIBUT1O: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Duval, Gadsden,
Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Manatee, Marion, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Volusia, Wakulla
Counties.


      Philonotis longiseta (Mx.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 59
  Plants tufted, pale yellowish-green, tomentose below. Leaves small,
crowded, triangular-lanceolate; costa percurrent to short-excurrent; mar-
gins recurved, toothed; papillae on upper cells conspicuous. Autoicous.
Seta up to 3 cm long; capsules as for the genus.
  HABITAT: On moist clay soils; common on phosphate rock in cen-
tral Florida.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Leon, Manatee, Polk, Seminole,
Suwannee, Walton Counties.


      Philonotis uncinata (Schwaegr.) Brid. PLATE 59
  Plants compactly tufted, pale yellowish green, tomentose below; stem
tips conspicuously hooked. Leaves triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, often
curved, costa short-excurrent; margins recurved, toothed. Dioicous. Seta
1.5-2 cm long; capsule ovoid, slightly inclined.
  HABITAT: On moist rocks at edge of streams where plants are fre-
quently wet.
  DIsTnBUT10N: Florida: Liberty, Manatee, Polk, Seminole Counties.


      Philonotis sphaerocarpa (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 59
 Plants tufted, stems more or less erect, tomentose. Leaves crowded,
 spreading, long triangular-lanceolate; costa forming a long, excurrent,
 toothed point; margin recurved, sharply toothed. Dioicous. Capsules glo-
 bose, inclined, wrinkled when dry.
 HABITAT: On moist clay soils.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Jefferson, Lee, Leon,
 Levy, Marion, Seminole, Volusia Counties.


      Philonotis glaucescens (Hornsch.) Paris PLATE 58
  Plants small, tufted, yellowish or brownish with age, ends of branches
recurved. Leaves crowded, triangular to triangular-lanceolate, sometimes
curved at tips; costa percurrent; margins often doubly toothed, teeth
blunt. Dioicous. Seta 1-1.5 cm long; capsules ovoid, inclined, with a
prominent swelling on one side near the base.
  HABrrAT: On moist soil or calcareous rocks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Duval, Gadsden,
Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Manatee, Marion, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Volusia, Wakulla
Counties.



58           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

               BRYACEAE
 Plants tufted; stems shoes to long, ereet, svith brosvn radicles at base,
simple o branching belotv the pericbaeojo. Leaves lanceolte to obovate,
often bordeced, smaller at base of stems, increasing in size tosvard tip,
oft en croweded into a teeminal rosette; cotta strong, ending a few cells
helowe apex, percurrent, so long-excoreent; cells smooth, the uppeeerhoot-
boidal-hoesagonal so linear, often narerovee tooaed maegins, looming a
border, the basal cells broadee, rectangular to qoadrate. Perichacolal
leaves not differentiaoed. Monoicoos oe dioicous. Iota elongated; eapsusle
terminal, erect, horizontal, or pendeno, ovate-cvlindric to pear-shaped,
neeb usually conspicuous; calyptra hood-shaped, small, soon lost; oper-
colum lowv, conic-apiculate; annulusousually present; peristomne dooble,
single, or absent; stomata in neck of capsule.
               REv TO GENERnA
1. Copsnte inctined toenodent; peristoneeperfect
  2. Leaves ooate-tanceotate, 00s00 slender, scor teal colls roboidal-hex-
    agonal, 2-5:1t---------------------------_------------ --_.....reyun
  2. Leaces linc-ar-tanceoltae, costa hroaod, filng most of sorer halt of leaf,
    leof celt, hinear, 6i-101tO .__------- -t---------------  Lretofscvo
t. Capsutleeettossighly inolned; segmeutt of inner pristomse rudimentaoy 00
  absent; leaves ovate-taneolate, toog-acnminate, colt, lax, ot more thao 2:t
                                Brchyebnium

                 BRYUM
 Plants erect, mostly small, tufted, branching below the perichaetia;
 stems weith broson radcles below, often eeddish. Lowee leaves small, uppee
 leaves laeger and ceoswded, ovote-laoceolate, acuminate, feequently hoe-
 deored wvith longer and narrower cells, entire sor slightly toothed tosvardl
 apex; uppr leaf cells ehomboidal so rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-5: 1, stalls
 sometimes pitted; basal cells rectangular to quadreate; costa strong, ending
 belosv apex to long-excurrent. Iota 1-5 cm long; capsule cylindric or
 pear-shaped, curved to pendent, symmeteic, 1.5-5 mm long, usually swith
 a nell-defined neck; calyptea small, hood-shaped, soon lost; operculum
 convex, bulging, short-tipped; annulus present; peeistomc dlouble, sooth
 lanceolate; inner peeistomoe tvith a high basal membrane hearing the
 heeled, split segnments and cilia; stomata in capsule neck. Spoees papillose,
 abaut 16 p.
 1. Plant, silvery-swhite- - - - - - - -0................. . argenteon
 t. Plants gren,sometimes tingednwtshred orbron
 2. Leases withtlong acuminuion
    3. Leavs narrowly ovate-lanceolate, costa long-excneoent; casulsae sheet,
    less thoan twice as long as broad, nech shoot, rounded, almost as tong
       asun- - -   ..........- .....- - -    --.0...__. _.. .....B  oo au
    3. Leavs ohtong-tosoate-lanceolatc, eotacomprisiosot ofthertip


58           MOSSES OF FLORtDA

               BRYACEAE
 Plants tufted; stems shoes so long, eect, svith brown radicles at hose,
simple o branching belowv the perichaetia. Leaves lanceolate so obovate,
often bordeoed, smalleo as base of stems, incoeasing in sie toward lip,
oft en crotsded into a terminal rosette; costa strong, ending a fete cells
helosw apes, pecuent, sor long- excurrent; cello s-mooth, the upper rhom-
boidal-hexoagonal to hinear, often narrower toward margins, forming a
border, she basal cells broader, reeetangulae to quadrate. Perichaetial
Icaves not differentiated. Monoicous or dioicous. Iota elongated; capsule
teeminal, erect, hoefeontal, or pendeno, ovate-cylindric so pear-shaped,
neck usually cospicuous; calyptra hood-shaped, small, soon lost; opee-
cultum lose, conic-apicuslate; annulus usually present; peristomc doubhle,
single, or absent; stomata in neck of capsule.

               KEY o GENERA
1. Capsuleinolined torpendent; eristomeoprect
  2. Leavs, ovate-tanceolat, costa stender, uper loaf cot0s rhomboidal-bes-
    aganal, 2-5:_----------------------- _t_..        _............rypn
  2. Loovs linear-lanceolt, costa broad, hiling most of uppcr halt of toot,
    leaf cll, linear, s-to:1 t. . . Lertatrsos
t. Capsulceoecsto slghty incliued; segments of tone, promne rsdimentarv sor
  absent; teavs ovase-lanceolate, long-acuminate, colts lax, sot more than 2:1
                                Brcyehniun

                 BRYUM
 Plants erect, nmostly small, tufted, branching belosw the perchaetla;
 stems seith brown radicles belose, often reddish. Lower leaves small, upper
 leaves largee and croswded, ovate-laneeolate, acuminate, foequently boo-
 dered swith longee and narroswee cells, entice oe slightly toothed tosward
 apex; upper leaf cells rhomboidal to ehomboidal-besagonal, 2-5: 1, walls
 sometimes pitted; basal cells rectangular to quadrate; costa strong, euding
 belosw apes to long-excurrenL. Seta 1-5 em long; capsule cykondoic or
 pear-shaped, curved to pendent, symmetric, 1.0-f mm long, usually with
 a swell-defined neck; calyptra small, hood-shaped, soon lost; operculum
 convex, bulging, short-sipped; annulus present; peeistome dauble, teeth
 laneolate; innerepeeistomeswith a high basal membrane boosrfog the
 heeled, split segtments and cilia; stomat am incpssusi neck. Spores papillose,
 abaut 16 .
 1. Plants silcry-sbite. . . . . . _.... ocgentes
 t. Plants geenu,sametimes tingedswithred orbown
 2. L-eaveswithlongoacumination
    3. Leaves narowlycvate-laneeolate,costatonu-escurrent; caslesor,
    lessohan twiceraslongusboad,uneksort,eounded, almoutas tong
      asunn...-------.....  .------ ----------. . . B. ecootins
    3. Looses oblong-toovaute-launceolae ucsaomuprising most ofthe tip


50


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


               BRYACEAE
 Plants tufted; stems short to long, rect, with browtn oadicles at hose,
simsple sor branching below she perichaetia. Leaves lanceolate so obovate,
often boedered, smallee at base of stenms, increasing in size tosward tip,
often crawded into a terminal rosette; costa strong, endingr a fete cells
helosw apex, percarrent, sor long- excureent; cells smooth, the upper chom-
boidal-loexagonal to linear, oft en narrower toward margins, forming a
horder, she basal cells brooder, rectangular to q~uadrate. Perichartial
leaves not differentiated. Mbonoicous sor dioicous. Ieta elongated; capsole
terminal, erect, horizontal, 00 pendent, ovate-cylindeic to pear-shaped,
neck usually conspicuous; calyptra hood-shaped, small, sooss lost; oper-
culum too, conic-apiculate; annulus usually present; peoistomse double,
single, sor absent; stomoata in neck of capsule.
               RKe o GENEnA
1. Capsuleciocined tospeodent; reristome prect
  2. Leave, osate-lanceolate, costa dlender, uppcc loaf eell0 rhomhoidal-he-
    aganat, 2-5: t- - - ._.- - - - - -ficos.................. Bym
  2. Leo-ce, linear-lanceoltae, costa hoad, filling most of sorer half of teaf,
    leaf cells linear, 6-t0: t- - - - Lertcbysm
t. Capsule rot to slightly iclined; segmeus of tone, periutome rudimentary sor
  absent; leaves oeate-laocrolat, toog-ocuminot, cells lax, not more than 2:1
                                Brchymsniumn

                 BRYUM~
 Plants rect, smostly small, tufted, branching below the prichoetia;
 stems with bowsn radicles belosw, often reddish. Loserc leaves smsall, apper
 leaves larger and con-cld, ovate-laneolate, acuminate, freqaently boo-
 deoed with loegee and naoer cells, entire or slightly tomthed towvard
 apex; upper leaf cells ehomboidal to rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-5:1, swalls
 sometimes pitted; basal cells rectangular to quadrate; costa strong, ending
 belosw apex to long-excurrent. Ieta 1-5 cm long; capsole cylindric or
 pear-shaped, cueved so pendent, symmetric, 1.5-5 mm long, usuallytwith
 a sell-defined seek; calyptra small, hood-shaped, soon lost; operculum
 convex, htstging, short-tipped; annulus present; peristome double, teeth
 lanceoate; inneroperistome with a high basal membrane hearing the
 keeled, split segments and cilba; stomata in capsute seek. Spores papiltase,
 abao 16 p.
 t. P lanssilvr-w-hite - - - - - - - -O.............................. ..a .aetenr
 1. Plants green, sometimesstingedwithsred orbown
 2. Leavescwitbloog acumintion
    3. Leaves narowloy ovate-lanceolate,ocosta long-excnrrent; capse shor,
    lesthan twi~ceaslongasboad,eckhhor,aood, alootuaslong
       -0un - - - . - -. _ __ . . . _ _ . . _ . _ _ . ._ . _ . . . _ . . . . . . .. . B o a u
    3, Leaves oblong- toovate-lanceolat, costacomrdsingmostof theoip



                   BRYACEAE59
   4. Ape    ahruptly acminsate; capsule cylindric, neck poodly defined
                                B. hicolor
    4. Leaf gradually tapering to acuminatio; capsule cyllindric, reck dlis

2. Lvs ithshor cmaio n
  3. Leavs broadly ovat-lanceolate, obtuse
  4. Upper leaf ceslls lax, thin-swalled, rhomhi-hexgonal, scrcly lonsger
     than broad, costa ensdiog kelows  e ore   sth eren rt; capsule
     cylindric, reck naorow, tapering ..... ._.B ailr
   4. Upper leaf cdhl rhombic-hexagoaol, 2:1, Balls sotmes pited,
     horde onaower cells;costaperrenwtstoshort-excrren; ap-
     sule cylinric, neck Iong . . B. psodt-lqseru
  3. Leass ohlng-lanlae,gradallyaprigtoslender,poined ape;
    upper leaf cells rhombhoida, usp so 10:1, border udiffereniated;cot
    pecrrnt ere  nt apsule short, neck half ormrits length..._
                                B. cruegerei


                 BRACA             59
   4. Apes abruptly acuinate; capsule cylindric, nck poodly defined
                                B. hicoloe
    4. Lead gradusally taperin toauinaton;apsle cylinrc, reek dlis
    tint, abouton-fourhthereth ofnrn .........   B. cspidatirsr
2. Leavsith short cuination
  3. Leavs bronadly orate-lanceolate, obtuse
  4. tper leaf cells lax, shin-walled, rhombic-heagonal, scarely longer
     than broad, costa ending belows apes or short-xrret capsue
     cylindtri, neck norros, tapring. . . B. capillae
   4. U.pper leaf cells rombic-egona, 2:1, walls smims pitted
     hordeof nrrr    clst;costa prcrrenst to short-current; ap-
     serlindric, neck lonsg . . B. pr ni,,sriquetea,,
  3. Leaeoblong-lanolte,gdlytping toalderited ae;
    uppcer leaf ceib rhomohoidal, tup so 10:1, bordera udifcferniated;cot
    percurrs  een exurencpsule short, neck half or moreis lngth.-.
                                B. creeri


              BRBYACEAE            59
   4. Apes abruptly acuminate; capsule crlindric, necks pordy defined
                                B. hicolor
    4. Leaf gradnally tapertng to acmmsato; capsutle cylindric, neck dis-
    tinct, abot oneforh therlengthsofnrn............B. cspidatsrr
2. Leavslthhortomintion
  3. Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, obtause
  4. Upeper leaof cedls lax, thin-woalled, rhombie-hexagonatl, sarnely longer
     than broad, costa ettding bdlow apex ortshot-excurret;capsule
     ectlindric, Beck narowB, taperingB . ..............B. capillare
   4. Upper leaflcellsshombkic-hexagonal, 2:1, ral rsoims pitted,
     border of narroer cells; costa perrento short-excrrent;ncp-
     sate cylinddic neck BoB . . . B. palodtiqetrs
  3. Leavs oblong-lancoltgradully aperig toa sedr,pointdae;
  upper leaf cdlls rhomboidal, Bup to 10:1, border undiffertated; ~osta
  pecurent to, excret capsule short, necks half or moreT ins length..
                                B. cruengeri


Bryum iargenteum Hedw.


PLATE 60


Bryum argenteum Hedw.


PLATE 60


Bryum argenteum Hedw.


PLATE 60


Plants in cushions, small, silvery-svhite or pale green, glossy; stems
branchinsg freely, reddish, fragile. Learves crsswded, closely overlapping,
orvate-ocominate, concave, msargins entire, unbordered; costa ending beloss
apes or escorrent cells in upper half of leaf rhomhoidal, 2-4: 1, hoyafire;
cells in lostre hsalf chlorophyllose; cells across hase and at basal angles
shin-stalled, qusadrate, sometimes lacking chloropshyll. Dioicous. Seta reel,
ahont 1 cm long; capsule reddish-hrosvr, ohlong, ahout 1.5-2 mrs long,
nodding, prudent, or abreuptly curved to almost horiontal; neck short,
dlistioct.
HABITAT: Or ditch honks, exposed soils, ashes and charred svood,
liomestone or old hricks.
DISsTRIBUTION: Plorida: Probal inuevervscounty in she slate.


Plants in cushions, small, silvery-swbite or pale green, glossy; stems
kranching freely, reddish, fragile. Leaves crrwded, clrsely overlapping,
ovate-acuminate, concasve, snargins entire, orbordered; costa ending helo'
apes or excurrent; cclls in upper half of leaf rhosmhoidal, 2-4: 1, hyaline;
cells in loncer half chlorophyllose; cells across hase and at basal angles
thin-nwailed, quadrate, sometimes lacking ehlropbsll. Dioicous. Sesa red,
ahour 1 cm lang; capsule reddish-hron'n, obilong, ahout 1.5-2 msm long,
nodding, pendenr, r abruptly curved to almost boriczontal; neck short,
diicte.
HABIrTT Or ditch banks, exposed soils, ashes and charted synod,
limestone or old bricks.
DISTRBUTION: Florida: Probahly in ev ers county in the state.


  Plarts in cushions, small, silvery-white or pale green, glossy; stems
branching feelt, reddish, fragile. Leases crowded, closely overlapping,
osvate-acarsinate, concase, margins rosie, unbrdcred; costa ending belos
apex or excorrent; cc-Ifs in upper half of leaf rhomshoidal, 2-4:1, byaline;
cells in lowrve half chlorophyllose; cells across hose aod at basal angles
thin-stalled, quadrase, sometimes lacking chlorophll. Diricous. Seta red,
about I em long; capsule reddisbrowvr, oblong, ahont 1.5-2 mn long,
nodding, pendent, or abruptly curved to altmost borizontol; neck shore,
distinct.
HABITAT: On ditch honks, exposed soils, ashes and charted sood,
limestone or old krieks.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Probable in everc countv in she state.


Beyum coronsafum Schwaegr.


PLATE 61


Bryum coronafum Schwuegr.


PLATE 61


Bryuom cornafum Schwaegr.


PLATE 61


Plants densely tufted, dark green, sometimes brownish-red, glosss,
branchin g near base, swith browvn radidles below. Leaessnumerous,
rearded near stc-m tips, contorted swben dry, ovase-laneolate, long-acu-
minate, cnaete; costa long- excurrent; upper cells rhomboidal, 2-3: 1,
narrosser along margin hot nor forming a distinct borer; margins rosie,
recursved tonward hose; hasal cells broadr and shorter. Dioicous. Seta 2-3
em fong, reddish; capsule 2.5 mnm long, prudent, short-cyskndric; reek
short, rounded, distinct.
HII TAsT: On soil, stumpss, rotting svood; often on recently burned

DtSTRIUTION: Throughout she tropics.
Florida: Brevard, Collier, Dade, Glades, Highlonds, Hillsborough,
Lee, Leon, Levy, Manatee, Poser, Polk, Sr. Johns, St. Lucne, Seminole,
Volusia, Wakulla Counties.


Plants densely tufted, dark green, sometimes hroswnish-red, glosss,
branching near Ease, wtrih hrow-n radicles helow. Featvesumerus,
ercrcde  near stem tipos, contorted swben dr, ovate-laneeolate, long-acu-
minate, concave; costa long-excurerent; upper cells rhomboidal, 2-3: 1,
narroner along nmargin hot not forming a distinct border; margliss entire,
recrvsed tonward base; basal cells biroader and shorter. Dioicoos. Seta 2-3
cm long, reddish; capsule 2.5 mut frong, prudent, short-cylindrin; reek
short, rounded, distinct.
HABtTAT: Or sodl, stumps, rotting n-and; oiter on recently Eurned

DISTRInUTION: Throughout she tropics.
Florida: Brevard, Collier, Dade, Glades, Highlands, Hillsborough,
Lee, Fern, Levy, Manatee, Poser, Polk, St. Johns, St. Lonie, Semsinole,
XVousia, Wokulla Counties.


Plants dersely tufted, dark green, sometimes brownish-red, glossy,
branching near Ease, with hrrown todicles Eelosw. Leaves numerots,
crowded near stetm tips, contorted whben dry, ovate-lanceolate, long-acu-
minate, conecaye; costa long-excurrentI; up per cells rhomboidal, 2-3: 1,
narroswer along nmargin bust nor forming a distinct border; margins entire,
recursedl toward hose; hasal cells hbraderoand shorter. Dioicous. Seto 2-3
em long, reddish; capsule 2.5 inong, pendent, sbort-cyskndri; reck
short, rounded, distinct.
HABITAT: On soil, stumps, rotting rood; often on recendly burned

DISTnIneTIrN: Throughrut she tropics.
Florida: Bresard, Collier, Dade, Glades, Highlands, Hillsborougb,
Lee, Fern, Lens, Manatee, Poser, Polk, St. Johns, St. Lonie, Seminole,
Volusia, Wakulla Crsunties.



60           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

             Bryum bicolor Dicks. PLATE 62
  Plants small, tufted, dark green or brownish. Leaves numerous, over-
lapping when dry, spreading when wet, crowded into a terminal rosette,
concave, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire or slightly
toothed at apex; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent; upper leaf cells
irregularly rhomboidal, 2-3:1, thick-walled, narrower at margin. Dioi-
cous. Seta purplish-red, 1-2 cm long; capsule 1.5-3 mm long, pendent,
cylindric, neck short and poorly defined.
  HABITAT: On moist soil or rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Dade, Polk Counties.

     Bryum cuspidatum (Br. & Sch.) Schimp. PLATE 61
 Plants tufted, dark green, sometimes branching by off-shoots near tip
 of stem, radicles at base. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with long, gradually
 tapering acumination, finely toothed at apex, concave, margins inrolled
 almost entire length; costa strong, reddish, excurrent; upper leaf cells
 irregularly hexagonal, 3-5:1, longer and narrower at margin and form-
 ing a distinct border. Seta 2-3 cm long, reddish-brown; capsules about
 3 mm long, inclined or pendent, cylindric; neck distinct, about one-
 fourth the length of urn.
 HABITAT: On soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: St. Johns County.

            Bryum capillare Hedw. PLATE 62
 Plants densely tufted, dark green or brownish-red, glossy, branching
 at base. Upper leaves crowded at stem tips, contorted when dry, spread-
 ing when wet, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; costa ending a few cells below
 apex to excurrent; upper cells lax, thin-walled, short, rhombic-hexagonal;
 marginal cells longer and narrower, forming an indistinct border; basal
 cells rectangular; margins entire or finely toothed, recurved toward base.
 Dioicous. Seta 2-3 cm long, reddish-brown; capsule about 5 mm long,
 inclined to pendent, cylindric, neck long and tapering.
 HABITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, limestone, old bricks. Fre-
 quently follows fire.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade,
Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Glades, Hendry, Highlands, Hills-
borough, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion,
Okaloosa, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, St. Johns, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor,
Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Washington Counties. Very common.

   Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Schwaegr. PLAcE 63
             Bryum bimum Schreb.
 Plants tufted, dark green to reddish, stems 4-5 cm long, conspicuously


60           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

             Bryum bicolor Dicks. PLATE 62
  Plants small, tufted, dark green or brownish. Leaves numerous, over-
lapping when dry, spreading when wet, crowded into a terminal rosette,
concave, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire or slightly
toothed at apex; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent; upper leaf cells
irregularly rhomboidal, 2-3: 1, thick-walled, narrower at margin. Dioi-
cous. Seta purplish-red, 1-2 cm long; capsule 1.5-3 mm long, pendent,
cylindric, neck short and poorly defined.
  HABITAT: On moist soil or rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Dade, Polk Counties.

     Bryum cuspidatum (Br. & Sch.) Schimp. PLATE 61
 Plants tufted, dark green, sometimes branching by off-shoots near tip
 of stem, radicles at base. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with long, gradually
 tapering acumination, finely toothed at apex, concave, margins inrolled
 almost entire length; costa strong, reddish, excurrent; upper leaf cells
 irregularly hexagonal, 3-5:1, longer and narrower at margin and form-
 ing a distinct border. Seta 2-3 cm long, reddish-brown; capsules about
 3 mm long, inclined or pendent, cylindric; neck distinct, about one-
 fourth the length of urn.
 HABITAT: On soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: St. Johns County.

            Bryum capillare Hedw. PLATE 62
 Plants densely tufted, dark green or brownish-red, glossy, branching
 at base. Upper leaves crowded at stem tips, contorted when dry, spread-
 ing when wet, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; costa ending a few cells below
 apex to excurrent; upper cells lax, thin-walled, short, rhombic-hexagonal;
marginal cells longer and narrower, forming an indistinct border; basal
cells rectangular; margins entire or finely toothed, recurved toward base.
Dioicous. Seta 2-3 cm long, reddish-brown; capsule about 5 mm long,
inclined to pendent, cylindric, neck long and tapering.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, limestone, old bricks. Fre-
quently follows fire.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade,
Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Glades, Hendry, Highlands, Hills-
borough, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion,
Okaloosa, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, St. Johns, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor,
Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Washington Counties. Very common.

   Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Schwaegr. PLATE 63
             Bryum bimum    Schreb.
 Plants tufted, dark green to reddish, stems 4-5 cm long, conspicuously


60


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


             Bryum bicolor Dicks. PLATE 62
  Plants small, tufted, dark green or brownish. Leaves numerous, over-
lapping when dry, spreading when wet, crowded into a terminal rosette,
concave, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, entire or slightly
toothed at apex; costa strong, percurrent to excurrent; upper leaf cells
irregularly rhomboidal, 2-3: 1, thick-walled, narrower at margin. Dioi-
cous. Seta purplish-red, 1-2 cm long; capsule 1.5-3 mm long, pendent,
cylindric, neck short and poorly defined.
  HABITAT: On moist soil or rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Dade, Polk Counties.

     Bryum cuspidatum (Br. & Sch.) Schimp. PLATE 61
 Plants tufted, dark green, sometimes branching by off-shoots near tip
 of stem, radicles at base. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with long, gradually
 tapering acumination, finely toothed at apex, concave, margins inrolled
 almost entire length; costa strong, reddish, excurrent; upper leaf cells
 irregularly hexagonal, 3-5:1, longer and narrower at margin and form-
ing a distinct border. Seta 2-3 cm long, reddish-brown; capsules about
3 mm long, inclined or pendent, cylindric; neck distinct, about one-
fourth the length of urn.
HABITAT: On soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: St. Johns County.

            Bryum capillare Hedw. PLATE 62
  Plants densely tufted, dark green or brownish-red, glossy, branching
at base. Upper leaves crowded at stem tips, contorted when dry, spread-
ing when wet, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; costa ending a few cells below
apex to excurrent; upper cells lax, thin-walled, short, rhombic-hexagonal;
marginal cells longer and narrower, forming an indistinct border; basal
cells rectangular; margins entire or finely toothed, recurved toward base.
Dioicous. Seta 2-3 cm long, reddish-brown; capsule about 5 mm long,
inclined to pendent, cylindric, neck long and tapering.
  HAuITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, limestone, old bricks. Fre-
quently follows fire.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade,
Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Glades, Hendry, Highlands, Hills-
borough, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion,
Okaloosa, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, St. Johns, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor,
Union, Volusia, Wakulla, Washington Counties. Very common.

   Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Schwaegr. PLATE 63
             Bryum bimum    Schreb.
 Plants tufted, dark green to reddish, stems 4-5 cm long, conspicuously



61                    BRYCA


61


cod; sparingly branched, with dense brown radicles at bases of stemss.
Leaves twisted and contacted when dtx, erect-spreading when msaist,
decuecent concave, oatae-lateolate, acuminate, macgin slightly ttathed
at tipx, reettesed mtst of its length; costa strong, sometimes reddislt at base,
Iperccuccent to oceasionally short-excurrent;nupper leaf eells rbomboidal,
prominently pitted, hecotaing narrower at macgin anti ftoastiag a distinct
boodee 1-2 cells wide. Dioicous. Seta 3-4 ens long; capsule 3-5 met long,
pendent, cslindric, neck lang.
  HAnBITsT: Onwet soil, decased wood, orocks.
  DISTRtnUTtON: Florida: Clay, Highlands, Holmes, Jefferson, Lee,
Lean, Libeets, Wakulla, Walton Counties.


         Bryum ceuegeri Humpe ex C. M. PLATE 63
       Ptohlia cr-segeri (Hampe) Andews in CGrot
  Plants not crowdedl, lax, up to 2 cam in height, loosely btanching,
vellow ish-green, glossy, stoats somtacimes redcdish. Leases widols spaced
and spreadiag, ohlong-laaceolate, concsave, msargia entice below, slbghtly
soothed in appeo part, borderoabsent; cossa slenderc, extending insoape;
upper leaf cells rombohidal, 5-10:1, longer and narrower as macgins,
gradually beconting shorter and rectangular below, wish a few qunadrate
cells accost intsertion. Club-slsaped multicellular axillacy propagala cam-
msan. Dioicous. Seta 1.5-2 cun long, reddish; capsule shoot 2 max long,
inclined, short-cxlosclcic, neckh Ialf as loag as urn, occasionally longer.
  HABITAT: Damp ground, limestone.
  DISTIBUTION: Bernmaca,Wo'st Indie, Slesico, Central andfSonth
America; Ceorgia.
  F-lorida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Dasal, Indian Hisvcc, Lec, Leon, Mana-
tee, Marion, Oange, Osceola, Pinollas, Polk, Sc. Lacie, Seminole Coun-
ties.

               LEPTOBRIYUAI
      Leptobryum pyrifoeme (Hedw.) Schimp. PLsTEo 64
  Ptlants tees small, tufted, light yellowsish-green. Leases lknear and haic-
like, macgins entice belows, soothed abase; cssa strong, occupying most
of the upper half of she leaf, excurrent; leaf cells narerow, elongated,
6-10:1, wcith borer of short, recetangular cells at base. Sxnoicos. Solo
ahout 3 cm long. Capsule dark reddish-hrowsn, 2-2.5 ens long, pendlent,
neck as long as cost of capsule and conspicuously swrinkled when ald,
msouth of capsole u-ide; calyptra hood-shaped, split feot base of she long
beak b  ottosm; operculum short, conickeahed; annls lage. Spors
smooth to slightly papdlose, 12-14 ,,-


cod; sparingly hranceld, wth dense bowsn radicles as bases of stems.
Leases twsisted and concocted u-hen dry, erctc-spreading u-hen moist,
decuccene, concase, oatae-lauccolate, acumsinate, macgin slightly toathed
at tip, ecursed exact of its length; costa stronsg, sometinmes reddoish at base,
pocrent so occasionally shoes-excurrent; upper leaf cells rhomshoidal,
prominently pissed, becomning arrer at macgin and formsing a distinct
borde1-2 cellswide. Dioicos. Seta3-4 cm long; capsule 3-5nsm long,
pendent, cslindric, neck long.
  HAnTAT: On wctsodl,dcatodwood, orcs.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Cloy, Highlands, Holmes, Jefferson, Lee,
Loe, ILiberty, W5akolla, W5alcoa Cones.


         Bryum cruegeri Humpe ex C. M. PLATE 64
       Pobliacrsuegeri (Hanspo) Andrcows in Grout
  Plasssnot crowded,lax, upsto2csiheight,loosly banchig,
yellowtish-gren,- glossa, stems xsoeimes reddlish. Leavs wssidlvlpaced
and spreading, oblong-lanceolate, concasve, macgin entice below, slightly
coached in upper pact, Sboderabsent1; costa sleder, extending into apes;
appec leaf cogls rhomboidal, 5-10:1, longec and narrower as marogins,
gradually hecomting shortec and rectsangular below, withca few quadrte
cells across insertion. Clob-shaped multicollulsr aoillary propagusla com-
man. Dioicous. Sets 1.5-2 cm long, teddish; capsule shoot 2 atm long,
inclinecd,short-clincric neckbhalfslong scorn, occasionally longer.
  HABITAT: Damp grouacd,limestone.
  DISTRIBTON:s Benmuda,SWesttIndies,\Mesico,Ceuntal and South
America; Ceorgia.
  Florida: Citrns, Collior, Dade, lDsvat, Indian Rliser, Leo, Loon, Mana-
see, Mlarion, Oange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Sc. Lucie, Seminole Coun-
ties.

               I EPTDBI3YC3
      Lepfohryum payrifore (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 64
  Plants sect small, tufted, light yellsosisx-greent -Leases linar and hair-
  lkmacgins entice belows, soothed abcsvc; cotsta stcong, occuspying mast
of she upper half of she leaf, cocurrent; leaf cells aow, elongated,
6-l10:1, wcith hoedee of shoot, rectangnlar cells at hose. Synoicous. Sets
shoot 3 cns long. Capsule dark reddish-bowns, 2-2.5 cm long, pendens,
week as long as rest of capsule and conspicuouslxwrinkldwhennld,
south odf capsule- wide; calyptra bond-shaped, split foom base of she long
Soak to bottom; opercunlntm shoot, conic, hooked; annolus laege. Spaces
smooch so slightly papillose, 12-14  .


                nnRYsCEAE            61
rod; spacingly hranched, wish dense browsn radlicles as bases tf stems.
Leases twisted and coantorted u-hen dry, erect-spreading token nost,
doessocone, concaxe o ate-lanceolat, acuminate, macgin slightly coached
atstip, recucsednmstsof its length; cosa strong, someimescoeddishsathase,
pecuorceat so occasionally shorexcurren; upper leaf cells ehomshoidal,
promsinently pissed, beconmingarrer at macgin and forming a distinct
border 1-2 cellsuwide. Dioicous. Seta 3-4 cm long; capsule 3-tummlong,
pendont, cyhundric, neck long.
  HAnITAT: Dnwet soil,decaveddwood, orock.
  DIcSTTION: Florida: Clay, Highlands, Holmes, Jeffeon, too,
Len, Libeooy, W akulla, W~alton Counties.


         Bryum cruegeri Humpe en C. M. PLATO 63
       Pohlia crsuegeri (Hanspe) Andrewss in Coos
  Plants not croadod, lax, up to 2 csm in height, loosely hoanching,
yellowish-grcen,- gloossy, stems sanmetiomeseddish. Leases widely spaced
and spreacdiag, oblong-lancolate, concave, macgin entire below, shighsls
toothedlinoupperopar,Soderasn;cosa slne, extencing intoax;
apper leaf cells romboidal, 5-10:1, longec and nacrrsoe atmargins,
graduallybecomingthoer and rectangularcbelow, withsafewsqadrate
cells accost insertion. Clob-shaped maulsicellular axillacy propaga com-
mon. Dlioicous. Sets 1.5-2 ens long, reddish; capsule shoot 2 msm long,
insclined,shsot-clindic,nechalfasslongas urn, occasionallytlnge.
  HABsose: Dsnmpground,hlmestone.
  Dts-sTIBUTN Bermada, West Indict, Mexico,Central and South
America; Georgia.
  Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Dua, Indian River, Lee, Leon, Mana-
see, Mlarioa, Drange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Sc. Lucie, Seminole Coun-
ties.-

               I PPTDBI3YC3
      Leptobryum pyrfforme (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE0 64
  Plants toot smsall, tufted, light yellsowish-green. Leases linar and bair-
Shke, marogins entice below, scathed abate; cotta strong, occupying most
of she upper half of she leaf, ecurorcnt; leaf cells arreos, elongated,
6-l0:1, with borderoaf chaost, recsangnlar cells at hose. Sunoicous. Sets
about 3 cm long. Capsnle dock reddish-brown, 2-2.5 cm long, pendent,
aeck as long as cott of capsnle and conspicuously wrinkled u-hen old,
moosh of capsule uwide; calyptra hood-shaped, split from base of she long
bosh so bottom; operculnm shoot, conic, beaked; annolus large. Spaces
smooth to slightly papillose, 12-14 p.




62           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from         Seminole County.

              BRACHYMENIUM
  Plants densely tufted, dark green to reddish, matted with brown
radicles. Leaves overlapping and contorted and twisted when dry, spread-
ing when wet, ovate-lanceolate, border narrow and inconspicuous, costa
strong, excurrent. Dioicous. Seta long, straight; capsule erect or nearly
so, cylindric, tapering at both ends, constricted under small mouth, neck
short; operculum small, conic-apiculate; annulus present; peristome usual-
ly double, the inner sometimes rudimentary or absent.
Leaves overlapping when dry; costa excurrent in a long slender hyaline hair-point;
border a single row of short cells, indistinct---......................._...._.......B. systylium
Leaves spirally twisted when dry; costa short-excurrent, apiculation not hyaline;
border a single row of narrow elongated cells, more distinct.- _B. macrocarpum


  Brachymenium systylium (C. M.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 65
  Plants densely tufted, tomentose below. Leaves crowded, overlapping
when dry, oblong-ovate, concave, indistinctly bordered by a row of short
cells, margin entire; costa strong, excurrent in a long hyaline hair-point;
upper cells short-rhomboidal, 1-2: I, the marginal row smaller and short-
er, entire; median marginal cells 2-4: 1, entire; basal cells quadrate.
  HABITAT: On sandy calcareous soil around roots of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Central and South America, West Indies; Arizona,
New Mexico.
Florida: Citrus, Liberty, Marion, Wakulla Counties.


       Brachymenium macrocarpum Card. PLATE 65
 Plants tufted, dark green    to brownish, tomentose below. Leaves
 crowded, spirally twisted when dry, oblong-ovate, sharp-tipped, margins
 recurved, finely toothed or entire at apex; costa stout, excurrent, some-
 times toothed, not hyaline; upper cells hexagonal, a row of elongated cells
 forming a narrow border; basal cells quadrate. Dioicous. Seta about 2 cm
long, reddish; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric, tapering at both ends; mouth
small; operculum conic; annulus present; outer peristome teeth orange to
brown, densely papillose, inner teeth yellow. Spores papillose, 14-16 p.
HABITAT: Trees, logs, rocks.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central America; Arizona.
Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Okaloosa, Seminole, Volusia, Vakulla Coun-


62           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from           Seminole County.

              BRACHYMENIUM
  Plants densely tufted, dark green to reddish, matted with brown
radicles. Leaves overlapping and contorted and twisted when dry, spread-
ing when wet, ovate-lanceolate, border narrow and inconspicuous, costa
strong, excurrent. Dioicous. Seta long, straight; capsule erect or nearly
so, cylindric, tapering at both ends, constricted under small mouth, neck
short; operculum small, conic-apiculate; annulus present; peristome usual-
ly double, the inner sometimes rudimentary or absent.
Leaves overlapping when dry; costa excurrent in a long slender hyaline hair-point;
border a single row of short cells, indistinct..- ....................---__....... systylium
Leaves spirally twisted when dry; costa short-excurrent, apiculation not byaline;
border a single row of narrow elongated cells, more distinct..-.......B. macrocarpum


  Brachymenium systylirum (C. M.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 65
  Plants densely tufted, tomentose below. Leaves crowded, overlapping
when dry, oblong-ovate, concave, indistinctly bordered by a row of short
cells, margin entire; costa strong, excurrent in a long hyaline hair-point;
upper cells short-rhomboidal, 1-2:1, the marginal row smaller and short-
er, entire; median marginal cells 2-4:1, entire; basal cells quadrate.
  HABITAT: On sandy calcareous soil around roots of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Central and South America, West Indies; Arizona,
New Mexico.
  Florida: Citrus, Liberty, Marion, Wakulla Counties.


       Brachymenium macrocarpum Card. PLATE 65
  Plants tufted, dark green     to brownish, tomentose below. Leaves
crowded, spirally twisted when dry, oblong-ovate, sharp-tipped, margins
recurved, finely toothed or entire at apex; costa stout, excurrent, some-
times toothed, not hyaline; upper cells hexagonal, a row of elongated cells
forming a narrow border; basal cells quadrate. Dioicous. Seta about 2 cm
long, reddish; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric, tapering at both ends; mouth
small; operculum conic; annulus present; outer peristome teeth orange to
brown, densely papillose, inner teeth yellow. Spores papillose, 14-16 p.
HABITAT: Trees, logs, rocks.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central America; Arizona.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Okaloosa, Seminole, Volusia, Wakulla Coun-
ties.


62


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from         Seminole County.

              BRACHYMENIUM
  Plants densely tufted, dark green to reddish, matted with brown
radicles. Leaves overlapping and contorted and twisted when dry, spread-
ing when wet, ovate-lanceolate, border narrow and inconspicuous, costa
strong, excurrent. Dioicous. Seta long, straight; capsule erect or nearly
so, cylindric, tapering at both ends, constricted under small mouth, neck
short; operculum small, conic-apiculate; annulus present; peristome usual-
ly double, the inner sometimes rudimentary or absent.
Leaves overlapping when dry; costa excurrent in a long slender hyaline hair-point;
border a single row of short cells, indistinct_.......--- B._--.__._.....B. systylium
Leaves spirally twisted when dry; costa short-excurrent, apiculation not hyaline;
border a single row of narrow elongated cells, more distinct_ B. maceoroepum


  Brachymenium systylium (C. M.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 65
  Plants densely tufted, tomentose below. Leaves crowded, overlapping
when dry, oblong-ovate, concave, indistinctly bordered by a row of short
cells, margin entire; costa strong, excurrent in a long hyaline hair-point;
upper cells short-rhomboidal, 1-2:1, the marginal row smaller and short-
er, entire; median marginal cells 2-4:1, entire; basal cells quadrate.
  HABITAT: On sandy calcareous soil around roots of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Central and South America, West Indies; Arizona,
New Mexico.
  Florida: Citrus, Liberty, Marion, Wakulla Counties.


       Brachymenium macrocarpum Card. PLATE 65
  Plants tufted, dark green    to brownish, tomentose below. Leaves
crowded, spirally twisted when dry, oblong-ovate, sharp-tipped, margins
recurved, finely toothed or entire at apex; costa stout, excurrent, some-
times toothed, not hyaline; upper cells hexagonal, a row of elongated cells
forming a narrow border; basal cells quadrate. Dioicous. Seta about 2 cm
long, reddish; capsule erect, ovoid-cylindric, tapering at both ends; mouth
small; operculum conic; annulus present; outer peristome teeth orange to
brown, densely papillose, inner teeth yellow. Spores papillose, 14-16 p.
HABITAT: Trees, logs, rocks.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central AmCrica; Arizona.
  Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Okaloosa, Seminole, Volusia, Wakulla Coun-
ties.



11INIACEAE


63                    MIACEAE


63


               MNIACEAE

                 VINIUtI
 Plants usually robust, in loose, scrambling mats; ssrms siob broswn
radicles brlow, long, prostrasr, tlhr frrtilr tips mnorr or lrss errrt. Basal
lrases small, brooming largrr toswarsd sip, trmsinal lraoes forminga rsettr.
eareaspatulatr or ooatr-lancrolatr, apirulate, crisprd or rontortred ssben
dry, rrect-spreadiog sobrn moist; rassa strong, rerling brlow or in apex;
lraf rrlls shot, oond so sbort-rlliptic, basr undiffrrntiatrd, woallssoe
timrs pittrd; msargin of elongatrd, hyralinr cells, onr or nmorr cells tbick,
toobred or doubts soothred tbr rntirr length or only in uppr pars. Diui-
rus or synoicosus. Sa rlonrgate; capsulr rsylinri, inclinrd, swirts sort
nrcb; ralyptra small, bood-sbaped, soon lost; oprcatum conorx; annulus
prrsent; prristomr douhlr andI complrse, resrmbling tbat of Bryums.
  Alohro rarerly fruits insFloridla.lb ave seen itrothbcapsulrs only twu
or trrr tinses.
1. Teceth ofteaflbordr 1-celted
  2. Teetbsmostlyoinpairs;eostarootbed onhack nar apexr tLorfsohynchn
  2. Tresthsinglr; costanusuallysnooth onback
    3. tLeavrs broadly ohoease, thort-aptculatr, soothed in acpr half, torth
    short, hlutoo . . ..... . ..... .. .......ftl. lanoteostron
    3. Loervs ohlong-osat, shar-tipred, soothed in upper ore-thtrd so one-
    harlf, teeth acute. . . . . 1, eartprdaron
1. Teeth of leaf hordes 2-3-colled, toothed nearly so hate; median teaf cells to
  oblique roses, wth rated walls ... . ...._ _ .___ -At. oth._ ai e


               MNIACEAE

                 IINI UAI
 Plants usually robust, in loose, oceansbling ma ts; stems witb brnon
rardicles beloso, long, prostrate, thre fertile tips snare or less erect. Basal
leases isualt, beconming larger towroad tip, trminal leares formting a rosette.
erors spatulate or ovarte-lanceolate, apiculate, crisped or contorted robn
dry, erect-spreading whben oist; costa strong, etsding below or in open;
leaf cells shoes, rooud to sbort-elliptic, base undifferentiated, soalls souse-
times pitted; tmargin of elongated, bt aline cells, one or snare cells tbich,
tuooe or dlosubly tootbed tbe entire lenrgth or outy in upper trt. Dioi-
ous nor snoicoss beta elongase; capsule cyhondric, inclined, witb sooe
neck; calypora smsal, hood-shaped, soon lost; oprenuum cousex;anus
present; perissome double and complete, resemhhing that of Byum~.
  ttohsor rarelyrfruits in Florida.lb ave seen isrwitb capsnler onlytso
or three times.
1. Teeth of teaihborder 1-celled
  2. Teetbmotlrinpairs;ocosrarotootdohacktuteare...sMorhotrhychun
  2. Teeth single;ostaosuallytmooth onhach
    3. eates broadly ohovat, short-aptcalae, tonthod to uprer ball, teeth
    short, hlut . . _...r..nr ....... _ M ln iotu
    3. Lrees ohlong-oval, sharp-arred, roorhed in upr one-thtrd to our-
    halt, teeth acute.-__-    -st. ecttrtdaron
1. Teeotoftleafhordero-3celrd,rtoothedonearlyrtohbase; medianueafoellsin
  oblhque root, wirh ratted nalls  __.      ._ ----------.M. afftrt


                     MNIACEAE63

               MNIACEAE

                 tINIUXI
 Plants usually robust, in Inure, scrambling mats; stems rwith brnon
radiclrs helsts, long, tprossrase, the fertile tips moore or less erect. Basal
leaves small,heoinaglarger towoard tip, termitnal leavrs forminaga rosete.
eavs spatulare or ovate-lanceolate, apicsslase, crisped or contorted st-en
dry, erect-spreading token moist; costa strong, ending helow or in apex;
leaf cells short, round to shors-ellipoic, base undifferentiated, nails some-
tisnes pissed; msargin of elongated, by aline cells, ussr or more cells thsiek,
tootheda or doubly soothed rho entire lengths or only in urpper pact. Dini-
cons or srnoicous.- Seta elongate; capsule cylindric, inclined, wsith shoes
neck; calypra smal, hood-shaped, soon loss; oprcnlunm consvex; annulus
present; peristuome double and complete, resentbling that of Byrn.u
  ltohtnt rarely fruits in Plorida. Ithave seen is woith capsules only tso
or three times.
t. Teeth oftleaflhorder 1-rolled
  2. Teethbmodtlyinais;cotaoothed onackuearape M torthorhrnchu
  2. Teerthringe;costanusuallytmooth onhackr
    3. Leases broadly ohovate, short-aiculate, soothed in uppes half, teeth
    short, blnt- - - - -  -  -51. toooterrrror
    3. Leases ohlong-oval, sharp-arcped, toothed in uper soc--third torone-
    halt, teeth arose- - - - --.tIAl _ csrptdarnn
1. To-thrhfrteafhrder2--elled, toothedonearly tohase; mediauteaf cellsi
  oblique rows, wrrh pitned walls- - - - .. _ --- 01-------. offtoe


Mnium orthorhrynchlum Beid.


PLATE 66


Mnium ortoerynchum fid.


PLATO 66


aMnium orfhorhyncfsum Bid.


PLATE 66


  Plants smallest foe she genus (in Plorida), slender, loosels spreading,
reddish-green. Leaves decureent, ovate-lancolate; costa reddish, strong,
ending in or near apex, toshed on hackhnertip; border 1-2 cellsos-ide,
mrroe tlhan b elltshich, douthr soothed; leaf cells osall, round to hexago-
nal, a alls rather thin.
HAnBITT On limestosse.
DISTRIBUTION: Plorida: Knowonlyfrom JacksonoCounty (Mtari-
anna Caerns State Park).

           Mniumi longirosfrum fluid. PLATE 66
  Plants loosely spreading, dark green, woish matting of brown radkcles
on prouambent seis. Leases werinkled when dry, spreadingowhen moist,
broale orate, rounrded at bosh roofs, short-aprioulate; costa strnga, endoing
in she apex; border of 3-5 ruosof narers- hyaline orls, teeth shoes, blunt,
unicellular, extending about bali-way to the base; cello of blade large,
round so hexagonal, thickened in she angles, ot pitted.


  Plants smallest for she genus (in Plorida), slender, loosely spreading,
reddish-green. Leaves decurreno, 00000-laneolate; costa reddish, strung,
  enigin or near apex, toothed on hack near tip; harder 1-2 orlls aide,
more than 1 celltshich, doubly toothedro; leaf cells small, round to hexago-
trot, stalls rarther thin.
  HAnITrT: On limestone.
  DISTsBUeTION: F lorida: Kunswn only from Jackson County (blari-
anna Caverns State Park).

           Mnum longirostrum fluid. PLATE 66
 Plants loosely spreading, dark green, swith matting of hbroneradles
 on procumsbent stems.Leravsowrhnkledawhendrv,xspreadingnwhennoist,
 broadly orvare, rounded at bush ends, short-apicuslase; costa strong, endinsg
 in she apex; horder of f-5 rusts of narrow hyaline colls, teeth shoes, blunt,
   uncluaextentding about hsalf-sway to she base; cells of blade large,
round so hexagnal, thickened in she angles, not pitted.


  Plants stmallerst for she genus (in Florida), slender, lootelyrspreadling,
reddish-green. eaors decrrent, oate-lancolate; costa readdish, strung,
ending it or near apex, soothed on hack oer sip; border 1-2 cells aide,
moreethan1lthik, doubhlyoothe; lafocllsosmall, rournd ohxago-
  nlwalls rather thin.
  HAnseaT t On limestone.
  DSTRIBUsTION: Florida: Knaownunly from Jackson County (M~ari-
anna Cavrns State Park).

           Mnuism l~ongirostrum fluid. PLAOTO 66
 Plants loosely spreading, dark green, aith matting of brwncradicles
 an procumbent stems. eavs worinkled when dry, spreading woken assist,
 heoadly orate, rounded at bush ends, sort-apiculase; costa strong, ending
 in she apex; border off3-f rorws of narerow hyaline cells, teeth shoes, blunt,
 unicellular, extending about balf-wcay to she base; cells of blade large,
 roond to hexagonal, thickened in she angles, not pitted.



64           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
HABITAT: On moist soil, occasionally on rocks, in shady woods.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon
Counties.


64           MOSSES OF FLOR.IDA
HABITAT: On moist soil, occasionally on rocks, in shady woods.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon
Counties.


64


MOSSES OF FLORTDA


HABITAT: On moist soil, occasionally on rocks, in shady woods.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon
Counties.


Mnium cuspidatum Hedw.


PLATE 66


Mnium cuspidatum Hedw.


PLATE 66


Mnium cuspidatum Hedw.


PLATE 66


  Plants loosely spreading, light-green. Leaves crisped when dry, spread-
ing when moist, decurrent, oblong-oval, abruptly sharp-tipped; costa
strong, ending below apex or percurrent; border of 2-4 rows of elongate
yellowish cells, with unicellular, acute teeth in the upper third to half;
cells of leaf blade small, thickened in the corners, not pitted.
  HABITAT: On moist soil in shady woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, De Soto, Du-
val, Gadsden, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Madison, Manatee,
Marion, Polk, Seminole, Taylor Counties.

         Mnium affine Bland. ex Schwaegr. PLATE 67
  Plants larger than the other species, often growing more compactly,
dark green, with radicles below. Leaves crisped when dry, spreading when
moist, slightly decurrent, obovate, apiculate; costa strong, percurrent;
border of 2-4 rows of elongated hyaline or yellowish cells, toothed nearly
to base with acute teeth composed of 2-3 cells; cells of leaf blade ovate
to hexagonal, the median cells conspicuously arranged in rows oblique to
the costa, pitted.
  HABITAT: On moist soil in shaded woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Duval, Gadsden, Jeffer-
son, Leon, Liberty, Nassau, Suwannee, Washington Counties.



            RHIZOGONIACEAE

               RHIZOGONIUM

     Rhizogonium spiniforme (Hedw.) Bruch PLATE 67
 Plants up to 8 cm high, in large tufts, deep yellowish or brownish
green. Leaves numerous, not crowded, narrowly linear-lanceolate, widely
spreading when moist, giving plants a feathery appearance; costa strong,
ending in the pointed apex, prominently toothed on back in upper part;
cells small, round to hexagonal, thick-walled; margins thickened, not
differentiated, with paired teeth from base to tip. Synoicous. Seta 4-6 cm
long from base of stem; capsule cylindric, curved, horizontal to inclined;
calyptra hood-shaped, soon lost; operculum conic-apiculate; annulus pres-
ent; peristome double. Spores papillose, 16-18  .


  Plants loosely spreading, light-green. Leaves crisped when dry, spread-
ing when moist, decurrent, oblong-oval, abruptly sharp-tipped; costa
strong, ending below apex or percurrent; border of 2-4 rows of elongate
yellowish cells, with unicellular, acute teeth in the upper third to half;
cells of leaf blade small, thickened in the corners, not pitted.
  HABITAT: On moist soil in shady woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, De Soto, Du-
val, Gadsden, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Madison, Manatee,
Marion, Polk, Seminole, Taylor Counties.

         Mnium affine Bland. ex Schwaegr. PLATE 67
  Plants larger than the other species, often growing more compactly,
dark green, with radicles below. Leaves crisped when dry, spreading when
moist, slightly decurrent, obovate, apiculate; costa strong, percurrent;
border of 2-4 rows of elongated hyaline or yellowish cells, toothed nearly
to base with acute teeth composed of 2-3 cells; cells of leaf blade ovate
to hexagonal, the median cells conspicuously arranged in rows oblique to
the costa, pitted.
  HABITAT: On moist soil in shaded woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Duval, Gadsden, Jeffer-
son, Leon, Liberty, Nassau, Suwannee, Washington Counties.



            R HIZOGONIACEAE

               RHIZOGONIUM

     Rhizogonium spiniforme (Hedw.) Bruch PLATE 67
 Plants up to 8 cm high, in large tufts, deep yellowish or brownish
green. Leaves numerous, not crowded, narrowly linear-lanceolate, widely
spreading when moist, giving plants a feathery appearance; costa strong,
ending in the pointed apex, prominently toothed on back in upper part;
cells small, round to hexagonal, thick-walled; margins thickened, not
differentiated, with paired teeth from base to tip. Synoicous. Seta 4-6 cm
long from base of stem; capsule cylindric, curved, horizontal to inclined;
calyptra hood-shaped, soon lost; operculum conic-apiculate; annulus pres-
ent; peristome double. Spores papillose, 16-18 p.


  Plants loosely spreading, light-green. Leaves crisped when dry, spread-
ing when moist, decurrent, oblong-oval, abruptly sharp-tipped; costa
strong, ending below apex or percurrent; border of 2-4 rows of elongate
yellowish cells, with unicellular, acute teeth in the upper third to half;
cells of leaf blade small, thickened in the corners, not pitted.
  HABITAT: On moist soil in shady woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, De Soto, Du-
val, Gadsden, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Madison, Manatee,
Marion, Polk, Seminole, Taylor Counties.

         Mnium affine Bland. ex Schwaegr. PLATE 67
  Plants larger than the other species, often growing more compactly,
dark green, with radicles below. Leaves crisped when dry, spreading when
moist, slightly decurrent, obovate, apiculate; costa strong, percurrent;
border of 2-4 rows of elongated hyaline or yellowish cells, toothed nearly
to base with acute teeth composed of 2-3 cells; cells of leaf blade ovate
to hexagonal, the median cells conspicuously arranged in rows oblique to
the costa, pitted.
  HABITAT: On moist soil in shaded woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Duval, Gadsden, Jeffer-
son, Leon, Liberty, Nassau, Suwannee, Washington Counties.



            RHIZOGONIACEAE

               RHIZOGONIUM

     Rhizogonium spiniforme (Hedw.) Bruch PLATE 67
 Plants up to 8 cm high, in large tufts, deep yellowish or brownish
green. Leaves numerous, not crowded, narrowly linear-lancolate, widely
spreading when moist, giving plants a feathery appearance; costa strong,
ending in the pointed apex, prominently toothed on back in upper part;
cells small, round to hexagonal, thick-walled; margins thickened, not
differentiated, with paired teeth from base to tip. Synoicous. Seta 4-6 cm
long from base of stem; capsule cylindric, curved, horizontal to inclined;
calyptra hood-shaped, soon lost; operculum conic-apiculate; annulus pres-
ent; peristome double. Spores papillose, 16-18 p.



AMBLYSTEGIACEAE


65


AMBLYSTEGIACEAE


65


AMBLYSTEGIACEAE


65


  HABITAT: On soil or roots, wet places, especially around seepage
springs.
  DISTRIBUTION: Georgia, Louisiana.
  Florida: Alachua, Clay, Duval, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okaloosa, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Semi-
nole, Volusia, Walton Counties.


            RHACOPILACEAE
  Plants dark green, stems creeping, with mats of brown radicles at leaf
bases. Leaves dimorphous; larger lateral leaves in 2 rows, sometimes
slightly asymmetric; dorsal leaves (amphigastria) much smaller, also in
2 rows; costa strong, excurrent; cells small, oval-hexagonal, sometimes
papillose.

               RHACOPILUM
      Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 68
  Plants growing in thick mats; stems creeping, freely branched, brown
radicles conspicuous at leaf bases; branches more or less erect. Lateral
leaves contorted when dry, ovate, costa strong, excurrent into a slender
apex; dorsal leaves much smaller, the excurrent costa nearly as long as
the rest of the leaf; leaf cells small, ovate-hexagonal, a few small and
inconspicuous papillae sometimes occurring on median cells; upper leaf
margins irregularly toothed. Synoicous, the subtending leaves long-tipped.
No capsules seen on Florida material.
HABITAT: On limestone, bases of trees, more commonly on rotten
wood and ground litter.
DISTRIBUTION: Throughout the American tropics.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Manatee, Sumter Counties.
Arrangement and position of sex organs are highly variable. Most
descriptions state merely that the plants are monoicous. In several cases
I carefully examined the sex organ buds and found them to contain both
antheridia and archegonia.


           AMBLYSTEGIACEAE
 Plants slender to robust, often glossy; stems irregularly branched; para-
phyllia occasionally present. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate;
costa usually reaching middle of leaf or beyond; median leaf cells longer
than broad, rectangular to rhomboidal; cells at basal angles frequently
enlarged, inflated, hyaline. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules curved, nod-
ding, somewhat asymmetric, often constricted under the mouth when


  HABITAT: On soil or roots, wet places, especially around seepage
springs.
  DISTRIBUTION: Georgia, Louisiana.
  Florida: Alachua, Clay, Duval, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okaloosa, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Semi-
nole, Volusia, Walton Counties.


            RHACOPILACEAE
  Plants dark green, stems creeping, with mats of brown radicles at leaf
bases. Leaves dimorphous; larger lateral leaves in 2 rows, sometimes
slightly asymmetric; dorsal leaves (amphigastria) much smaller, also in
2 rows; costa strong, excurrent; cells small, oval-hexagonal, sometimes
papillose.

               RHACOPILUM
      Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 68
  Plants growing in thick mats; stems creeping, freely branched, brown
radicles conspicuous at leaf bases; branches more or less erect. Lateral
leaves contorted when drv, ovate, costa strong, excurrent into a slender
apex; dorsal leaves much smaller, the excurrent costa nearly as long as
the rest of the leaf; leaf cells small, ovate-hexagonal, a few small and
inconspicuous papillae sometimes occurring on median cells; upper leaf
margins irregularly toothed. Synoicous, the subtending leaves long-tipped.
No capsules seen on Florida material.
HAB1TAT: On limestone, bases of trees, more commonly on rotten
wood and ground litter.
DISTRIBUTION: Throughout the American tropics.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Manatee, Sumter Counties.
Arrangement and position of sex organs are highly variable. Most
descriptions state merely that the plants are monoicous. In several cases
I carefully examined the sex organ buds and found them to contain both
antheridia and archegonia.


           AM BLYSTEGIACE AE
 Plants slender to robust, often glossy; stems irregularly branched; para-
phyllia occasionally present. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate;
costa usually reaching middle of leaf or beyond; median leaf cells longer
than broad, rectangular to rhomboidal; cells at basal angles frequently
enlarged, inflated, hyaline. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules curved, nod-
ding, somewhat asymmetric, often constricted under the mouth when


  HABITAT: On soil or roots, wet places, especially around seepage
springs.
  DIST1BUTION: Georgia, Louisiana.
  Florida: Alachua, Clay, Duval, Gadsden, Hernando, Highlands,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Okaloosa, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Santa Rosa, Semi-
nole, Volusia, Walton Counties.


            RHACO PI LAC EAE
  Plants dark green, stems creeping, with mats of brown radicles at leaf
bases. Leaves dimorphous; larger lateral leaves in 2 rows, sometimes
slightly asymmetric; dorsal leaves (amphigastria) much smaller, also in
2 rows; costa strong, excurrent; cells small, oval-hexagonal, sometimes
papillose.

               RHACOPILUM
      Rhacopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 68
 Plants growing in thick mats; stems creeping, freely branched, brown
 radicles conspicuous at leaf bases; branches more or less erect. Lateral
 leaves contorted when dry, ovate, costa strong, excurrent into a slender
 apex; dorsal leaves much smaller, the excurrent costa nearly as long as
 the rest of the leaf; leaf cells small, ovate-hexagonal, a few small and
 inconspicuous papillae sometimes occurring on median cells; upper leaf
 margins irregularly toothed. Synoicous, the subtending leaves long-tipped.
 No capsules seen on Florida material.
 HABITAT: On limestone, bases of trees, more commonly on rotten
 wood and ground litter.
 DISTRIBUTION: Throughout the American tropics.
 Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Manatee, Sumter Counties.
 Arrangement and position of sex organs are highly variable. Most
descriptions state merely that the plants are monoicous. In several cases
I carefully examined the sex organ buds and found them to contain both
antheridia and archegonia.


           AMBLYSTEGIACEAE
 Plants slender to robust, often glossy; stems irregularly branched; para-
phyllia occasionally present. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate;
costa usually reaching middle of leaf or beyond; median leaf cells longer
than broad, rectangular to rhomboidal; cells at basal angles frequently
enlarged, inflated, hyaline. Seta elongate, smooth; capsules curved, nod-
ding, somewhat asymmetric, often constricted under the mouth when



66           MIOSSES OF FLORIDA
dry; calyptra hood-shaped; operculumo conic; annu~lus nusuolly present;
pristoose completr. Spores finchy papillose, abouit 24 p.


1. Leavscwidely spreaing, cecurced..._ Camoyliem
1. Eeavesrc-sreading
  2. Terestrial (In soil, renr scrod, stones, etc.)__------ Antrlyctrginor
  2. Aquatic or en ver, net substrata
    3. Leaves tbordered by 3.4 cowl of yelloweish, elongated, thick-walled cr111
                                 Placylonella
    3. Leaves nbordered
    4. Costa slender, ending weil below apeo; medran leaf cr111 5-10: 1
       or longere ...................................-- - - - Lecledicceno
       4. Costastlont, ending jolt bel ow apes or peccoreent; median teaf cr111
       2-4 :1. .   .  .     . yoeoamblercraion

               CAMPYLIUM
  Plonts olelicate, slender, inregniacly broncbing, yellowsih green, gloss).
eoses widely spreading, recorved, sometimes torned in one direction,
more or less wvrinkled, ovate-lanceolate; apices long-ocuminaoe and chan-
neled; margins plane and entire or nearly so; costa single, short and
double, or larbing, sometimes in leaves on the same plant; median leaf
cells recetangular to rhotmboidal, 4-10:1, basal cells shoro-rectangular 10
quadraoe, hyaline, sotnewhat inflated, forming sall aurieles.
1. Leavscsuroscsrreadig,ahruptltareengtoalongt; cell bsaoloangls
   ntconspicusrly enlarged. . . C. chiy yl3lcco
1. Levseect-sreading; cr111 at b0101 angles enlard
  2. Stemnleavesclendelvandabrtyvacominatrfroma broad ovate base -.rdcl
  2. Stem leaves gradualitaerintto asienderctip .    C.rologasum

     Campylium    chrynophdyllum   (Brid.) J. Lange      PLoTE 69
 Plaots slender, in thin mats, gloss), golden grecen, stens irregularly
 branching. eayes close, snidely spreading, recared, ovate-lanceolate, oh-
 rnptly tapering tooa long slender channeled tip; ntargins entire above,
 slightly toothed at base; costa teaching about mid-leaf; median leof cells
 rhomboidal, 4-6: 1; cells at basal atngles shorter, subquadrate, not con-
 spicaous.
 H~ABITAT: On soil or limestone.
 DITRIBtUTION: Florida: Calhoon, Dade, Gadsdeo, Jackson, Jeffer-
son, eon, Eiberty, Madison, Pinellas, Seminole, Waballa Counties.

       Campyfium    radicaler (P. Bfeauv.) Geoue      PLATo 69
 Stem leaves spreading, ovate-lanceolate, rathserabrnply long-acumi-
nate, margin entire or nearly so; costa extending to base of tip; snedian


66           MOSSFS 0F FLORIDA
dry; calyptra hood-shaped; operculntn conic; annttltts usually present;
peristome romspleoe. Spores fincly papillose, abot 24 p.

               KEn o GENERA
1. Leaceo nidely speadiog, resorred Canrebon
1. Leases rectvspreadling
  2. Teresral (on soil, cotten wood, stones, etc.) -   .Anbttstrainn
  2. Aquatic or oosvery net substrat.
    0. Leaes bordered be 3-4 rows of yellowcish, elongaceot, chick-nailed cells
                                 Placytonella
    4. Leaves onbordered
    4. Costa slender, endint ccell betlon arcs; medial leaf cr01s 5-10:1
       or longr.- _..................................ELectodircyn
       4. Costalstout, endingijustbelow-apexsorrrcurent;mdianleaf cells
       2-4 :1 ...------__._.._...._..._.........ttyoeoanbsteiucn

               CAMPYLIUMl

  Plants delicate, slender, irregularly branchsing, ynellowish green, gloss).
eayes snidely spreading, recrcved, sotoctimes turnd in one direction,
more or less scrinskled, osvate-lonceolate; apices long-acuminate and chan-
oeled;nmargins planerand entire or nearly so;ecostatingle, short and
doouble, or lacking, somsetinses in leaves on the- sanse plant; median leaf
cells recoangular to rhomboidal, 4-10:1, basal cells short-rectatngnlar to
quadrate, hyaline, someswhot mnfoted, forming small aurieles.
1. eaves squarrose-sreaoding, abrunptly tapering to a long tir; cells at basal antics
  otsconspicoundy enlared .. . ._-----.C. chrysropbhtlor
1. Leaves erect-sprreardbog; els at b0101 angles enlarged
  2, Stemolevsrlenrderlyeandoabrtlyoacominatetfromaroad ovate bse..
                                 C. eadicale
  2. Stemsleavslgradualytapringotoatsender tr   .      C.rolygarnnrm

     Campylium cheysophyllum (Brid.) J. Lange PLATE 69
 Plants slender, in thin mats, glossy, golden green, stens irregularly
 branching. eases close, oidely spreading, reenutved, ovate-lanceolaie, ab-
 ruptly tapering tooa long slender channeled tip; margins entice abose
 olighly ootheod at base; costa teaching about mid-leaf; median leaf cells
 rhomboidal, 4-6: 1; cells at basal angles shorter, sutbquadratr, not eon-
 spicnous.
 H-ABITzAT: On soil or linmestone.
 DISTIUTION: Florida: Calhoon, Dade, Gadsden, Jackson, Jeffer-
 son, Eron, Liberty, Madison, Pinellas, Seminole, Wabulla Counties.

       Campylium radica/le (P. Beamuv.) Groat PLATO 69
 blent leases spreading, ovate-lanceolate, rather abruptly long-acurmt-
nate, margin entire or nearly so; costa extending to base of tip; median


66


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


dry; calypira hood-shaped; operculum conic; annulus usually present;
pristomoe complete. Spores finely papillose, abont 24 p.

               KEY O GENERA
1. 1Lcorel widely srreading, recurred____________           Caoneloor
1. Leaves rect-sreadint
  2. Trerrestrial (on toil, rotten wood, stones, etc.) .  Anbltyerinr
  2. Aquatic or onecry net substrata
    3. Leaes bordered by 3-4 cool of yelloweish, elongated, thick-walled cello
                                 Platylorrcttr
    3. Leases ushorered
    4. Costo dlender, ending nell below orex; median leaf els 5-10:1
        olonger. . _ _ ------..... ... _-._ Lerrodlicteum
      4. Cotta stou, ending iust below ares on percurrent, median leaf cr01s
      2-4:1.-..Oea___ __     _  roanbltyeaasn

               CAMIPYLIUM

  Plants delicate, slender, irregnlarly branchsing, yellosvish green, glossy.
eases snidely spreading, recurved, sometimes torned in one dirertion,
  moeor less orinkled, ovate-lancrolate; apices long-acuminate and chan-
oeled; moargins plane and entire or nearly so; costa ringle, short and
doable, or lacbing, sometitoes in leases on tse same plant; median leaf
cells rectangular to rhomboidal, 4-10: 1, basal cells short-reetangular to
quadrate, hyaline, somewhat inflated, forming small auricles.
I. Leaves squaarrose-spreading, aberty taperingrtoailong tip; cells at basal angles
  not conspicoundy enlarged.. . . C. chsopyllumoo
1. Learves erecc-spreading; cells at basal angles enlarged
  2. Stemleaveslslenderlyeandohabrpty acominatrfronra broad ovaterbase-.
                                 C. eadicale
  2. Stemnleave gradallytapringoto a slerntrrp      C.rolganon

     Campyium chrysophy//um (Brid.) J. Lange PLATE 69
 Plants slender, in thin mats, glossy, golden green, stems irregnlarly
 branching. eaves close, widely spreading, recurved, ovate-lanceolao, ab-
 raptly tapering tonalong slender choanneled tip; margins entire above,
 slightly toothed at base; costa reaching about msid-leaf; median leaf cells
 rhonsboidal, 4-6: 1; cells at basal angles shorter, snbquadrate, not eon-
 spicouos.
 HABITAT: On soil or limestone.
 DtS-cTIBUTION: Florida: Calhoun, Dade, Gadsden, Jacksoo, Jeffer-
son, eon, Liberty, Mladison, Pinellas, Semrinole, Wabulla Counties.

       Campyfium radica/le (P. Beauvn.) Grout PLATO 69
 Stem leaves spreading, ovate-lanceolate, rather abruptly long-ocusni-
nate, msargin entire or nearly so; costa extending to base of lip; median



AMBLYSTEGIACEAE


67


leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 4-8: 1; large area of large, inflated, hyaline
cells at basal angles; leaves decurrent.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Seminole Counties.

      Campylium polygamum (BSG) C. Jens. PLATE 69
  Plants largest of the genus (in Florida), yellowish to dark green.
Leaves widely spreading, broadly lanceolate, very gradually narrowing to
a slender tip, sometimes concave, channeled; costa extending about three-
fourths the length of leaf; median leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 8-10:1;
cells at basal angles enlarged and hyaline; leaves decurrent.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Seminole Counties.

              AMBLYSTEGIUM
  Plants small, in loose or compact mats, yellowish to dark green; stems
irregularly branching. Leaves spreading to erect when dry, slightly con-
cave, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, slightly decurrent;
margins plane, entire or slightly toothed; costa to mid-leaf or beyond;
median leaf cells short, rhomboidal or hexagonal, 2-4: 1; basal cells
larger and more nearly rectangular or quadrate; cells at basal angles
enlarged but not forming auricles. Monoicous. Sporophyte large in com-
parison to size of plants. Capsules inclined to horizontal, asymmetric,
curved, nodding, prominently constricted under mouth when dry; calyp-
tra hood-shaped; operculum conic; annulus usually present but not con-
spicuous; peristome perfect.
1. Costa percurrent or nearly so; margins entire......................- A. varium
1. Costa ending near mid-leaf
  2. Marginal cells at leaf base quadrate to transversely elongate; margin entire
    or  nearly  s - -   - - -. ............... ... ... . _.............. A .  serpens
  2. Marginal cells at leaf base rectangular; margin slightly toothed to base
                               A. juratzkanum

      Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb. PLATE 70
  Plants in thin, loose mats, dull green below, lighter at tips. Leaves close
to crowded, erect-spreading, concave, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
narrowed at insertion, sometimes slightly decurrent; margins entire; costa
usually percurrent, gradually becoming slender toward tip; median leaf
cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-4: 1, becoming rectangular toward base,
quadrate along basal margins. Autoicous. Capsule and peristome as de-
scribed for the genus. Spores finely papillose, 24-28 p.
  HABITAT: On moist shaded rocks, decaying wood, or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Duval, Escambia, Gads-


             AMBLYSTEGIACEAE         67
leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 4-8: 1; large area of large, inflated, hyaline
cells at basal angles; leaves decurrent.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Seminole Counties.

      Campylium polygamum (BSG) C. Jens. PLATE 69
  Plants largest of the genus (in Florida), yellowish to dark green.
Leaves widely spreading, broadly lanceolate, very gradually narrowing to
a slender tip, sometimes concave, channeled; costa extending about three-
fourths the length of leaf; median leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 8-10:1;
cells at basal angles enlarged and hyaline; leaves decurrent.
HABITAT: On moist soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Seminole Counties.

              AMBLYSTEGIUM
  Plants small, in loose or compact mats, yellowish to dark green; stems
irregularly branching. Leaves spreading to erect when dry, slightly con-
cave, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, slightly decurrent;
margins plane, entire or slightly toothed; costa to mid-leaf or beyond;
median leaf cells short, rhomboidal or hexagonal, 2-4: 1; basal cells
larger and more nearly rectangular or quadrate; cells at basal angles
enlarged but not forming auricles. Monoicous. Sporophyte large in com-
parison to size of plants. Capsules inclined to horizontal, asymmetric,
curved, nodding, prominently constricted under mouth when dry; calyp-
tra hood-shaped; operculum conic; annulus usually present but not con-
spicuous; peristome perfect.
1. Costa percurrent or nearly so; margins entire.-.......__. ...A, varium
1. Costa ending near mid-leaf
  2. Marginal cells at leaf base quadrate to transversely elongate; margin entire
    or  nearly  so.. ......---- .........---- --...... ...... ......................A .  serpensa
  2. Marginal cells at leaf base rectangular; margin slightly toothed to base
                               A. juratzkanum

      Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb. PLATE 70
  Plants in thin, loose mats, dull green below, lighter at tips. Leaves close
to crowded, erect-spreading, concave, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
narrowed at insertion, sometimes slightly decurrent; margins entire; costa
usually percurrent, gradually becoming slender toward tip; median leaf
cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-4: 1, becoming rectangular toward base,
quadrate along basal margins. Autoicous. Capsule and peristome as de-
scribed for the genus. Spores finely papillose, 24-28 p.
  HABITAT: On moist shaded rocks, decaying wood, or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Duval, Escambia, Gads-


             AMBLYSTEGIACEAE         67
leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 4-8: 1; large area of large, inflated, hyaline
cells at basal angles; leaves decurrent.
  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Dade, Seminole Counties.

      Campylium polygamum (BSG) C. Jens. PLATE 69
  Plants largest of the genus (in Florida), yellowish to dark green.
Leaves widely spreading, broadly lanceolate, very gradually narrowing to
a slender tip, sometimes concave, channeled; costa extending about three-
fourths the length of leaf; median leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 8-10:1;
cells at basal angles enlarged and hyaline; leaves decurrent.
  HABITAT: On moist soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Jackson, Seminole Counties.

              AMBLYSTEGIUM
  Plants small, in loose or compact mats, yellowish to dark green; stems
irregularly branching. Leaves spreading to erect when dry, slightly con-
cave, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, slightly decurrent;
margins plane, entire or slightly toothed; costa to mid-leaf or beyond;
median leaf cells short, rhomboidal or hexagonal, 2-4: 1; basal cells
larger and more nearly rectangular or quadrate; cells at basal angles
enlarged but not forming auricles. Monoicous. Sporophyte large in com-
parison to size of plants. Capsules inclined to horizontal, asymmetric,
curved, nodding, prominently constricted under mouth when dry; calyp-
tra hood-shaped; operculum conic; annulus usually present but not con-
spicuous; peristome perfect.
1. Costa percurrent or nearly so; margins entire.-._.-- ...........---.A. varium
1. Costa ending near mid-leaf
  2. Marginal cells at leaf base quadrate to transversely elongate; margin entire
    or  n early  s- .. ............................... __.. ___...... _............. __________-___A .  serpen s
  2. Marginal cells at leaf base rectangular; margin slightly toothed to base
                               A. juratzkanum

      Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb. PLATE 70
  Plants in thin, loose mats, dull green below, lighter at tips. Leaves close
to crowded, erect-spreading, concave, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
narrowed at insertion, sometimes slightly decurrent; margins entire; costa
usually percurrent, gradually becoming slender toward tip; median leaf
cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-4: 1, becoming rectangular toward base,
quadrate along basal margins. Autoicous. Capsule and peristome as de-
scribed for the genus. Spores finely papillose, 24-28 p.
  HABITAT: On moist shaded rocks, decaying wood, or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Duval, Escambia, Gads-



68                    MOSSES OF FLORIDA                                    68                    MOSSES OF FLORIDA                                     68                   MOSSES OF FLORIDA


den, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Orange, Pasco, Pinellas,
Polk, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.

       Amblystegium   varium  var. lancifolium  Grout     PLATE 70
   Leaves almost triangular, tapering from broad base to the acute to
 acuminate apex. Costa strong.
   DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Gadsden, Leon,
 Manatee, Wakulla Counties.

              Amblystegium    serpens (Hedw.) BSG         PLATE 71
   Plants very small and delicate, in thin, dull, yellowish-green mats;
stems irregularly branched. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, long-
acuminate, slightly decurrent; branch leaves smaller; margins plane,
entire or slightly toothed; costa slender, to mid-leaf or beyond; median
leaf cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-4:1, broader and rectangular toward
base, basal marginal cells quadrate to transversely elongated.
   HABITAT: On moist substrata, decaying wood, soil, stones, and the
like.
   DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Gadsden, Highlands,
Hillsborough, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Orange, Pasco,
Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.

               Amblystegium    juratzkanum   Schimp.     PLATE 71
   Plants small, yellowish-green. Leaves widely spreading, broadly ovate-
lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to a long, slender tip; branch leaves smaller
and narrower; margins plane, slightly toothed to base; costa beyond mid-
leaf to percurrent; median leaf cells rectangular to linear-rhomboidal,
about 3-4: 1, longer and narrower tovard apex, regularly rectangular at
base and along basal margins.
   HAB1TAT: On rotten wood, about the bases of trees, occasionally on
moist limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Gadsden, Glades, High-
lands, Jackson, Leon, Madison, Marion, Putnam, Seminole, Sumter, Su-
wannee, Taylor, Wakulla, Wasbington Counties.

                         PLATYLOMELLA

               Platylomella lescurii (Sull.) Andrews     PLATE 84
                 Sciaromium lescurii (Sull.) Broth.
  Plants a dull dirty green, forming loose mats. Leaves erect-spreading,


den, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Orange, Pasco, Pinellas,
Polk, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.

       Amblystegium   variom  var. lancifolium  Grout     PLATE 70
   Leaves almost triangular, tapering from broad base to the acute to
 acuminate apex. Costa strong.
   DsTRIBUT1ON: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Gadsden, Leon,
 Manatee, Wakulla Counties.

              Amblystegium    serpens (Hedw.) BSG         PLATE 71
   Plants very small and delicate, in thin, dull, yellowish-green mats;
stems irregularly branched. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, long-
acuminate, slightly decurrent; branch leaves smaller; margins plane,
entire or slightly toothed; costa slender, to mid-leaf or beyond; median
leaf cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-4: 1, broader and rectangular toward
base, basal marginal cells quadrate to transversely elongated.
   HABITAT: On moist substrata, decaying wood, soil, stones, and the
like.
   DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Gadsden, Highlands,
Hillsborough, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Orange, Pasco,
Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.

               Amblystegium    juratzkanum   Schimp.     PLATE 71
   Plants small, yellowish-green. Leaves widely spreading, broadly ovate-
lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to a long, slender tip; branch leaves smaller
and narrower; margins plane, slightly toothed to base; costa beyond mid-
leaf to percurrent; median leaf cells rectangular to linear-rhomboidal,
about 3-4: 1, longer and narrower toward apex, regularly rectangular at
base and along basal margins.
   HABITAT: On rotten wood, about the bases of trees, occasionally on
moist limestone.
  DIsnR1BUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Gadsden, Glades, High-
lands, Jackson, Leon, Madison, Marion, Putnam, Seminole, Sumter, Su-
wannee, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington Counties.

                         PLATYLOMELLA

              Platylomella lescurii (Sull.) Andrews      PLATE 84
                 Sciaromium lescurii (Sull.) Broth.
  Plants a dull dirty green, forming loose mats. Leaves erect-spreading,


den, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Orange, Pasco, Pinellas,
Polk, Seminole, Sumter, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.

       Amblystegium   varium  var. lancifolium  Grout     PLATE 70
   Leaves almost triangular, tapering from broad base to the acute to
 acuminate apex. Costa strong.
   DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Gadsden, Leon,
 Manatee, Wakulla Counties.

              Amblystegium    serpens (Hedw.) BSG         PLATE 71
   Plants very small and delicate, in thin, duoll, yellowish-green mats;
stems irregularly branched. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, long-
acuminate, slightly decurrent; branch leaves smaller; margins plane,
entire or slightly toothed; costa slender, to mid-leaf or beyond; median
leaf cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, 2-4: 1, broader and rectangular toward
base, basal marginal cells quadrate to transversely elongated.
   HAn1TAT: On moist substrata, decaying wood, soil, stones, and the
like.
   DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Duval, Gadsden, Highlands,
Hillsborough, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Orange, Pasco,
Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.

               Amblystegium    juratzkanum   Schimp.     PLATE 71
   Plants small, yellowish-green. Leaves widely spreading, broadly ovate-
lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to a long, slender tip; branch leaves smaller
and narrower; margins plane, slightly toothed to base; costa beyond mid-
leaf to percurrent; median leaf cells rectangular to linear-rhomboidal,
about 3-4: 1, longer and narrower toward apex, regularly rectangular at
base and along basal margins.
   HABITAT: On rotten wood, about the bases of trees, occasionally on
moist limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Gadsden, Glades, High-
lands, Jackson, Leon, Madison, Marion, Putnam, Seminole, Sumter, Su-
wannee, Taylor, Wakulla, Washington Counties.

                         PLATYLOMELLA


Platylomella lescurii (Sull.) Andrews
  Sciaromium lescurii (Sul.) Broth.


PLATE 84


Plants a dull dirty green, forming loose mats. Leaves erect-spreading,



AMBLYSTEGIACEAE


69                 AMBLYSTEGIACEAE


69


ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, opaque; margins plane, mostly entire;
costa very strong, yellowish to brownish, ending in tip; median leaf cells
oblong-hexagonal, thick-walled, 1-2: 1; leaves bordered by 3-4 rows of
yellowish, elongate, thick-walled cells, the border sometimes not reaching
the apex, and less distinct at base; basal cells more regularly rectangular.
  HAB1TAT: On moist limestone in a stream.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.
  This species could easily be mistaken for Amblystegium varium except
for the border. It is probably more common than the single record would
indicate. For example, about 20 miles from Tallahassee, in Grady County,
Georgia, it grows luxuriantly in a lime sink and in the stream flowing
from it.

              LEPTODICTYUM
  Plants aquatic or growing in wet places; stems floating or creeping,
irregularly branched. Leaves spreading, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate,
margin plane and entire or nearly so; costa to mid-leaf or beyond but not
reaching apex; median leaf cells elongate, hexagonal to linear, thin-
walled, 3-10:1. Capsules inclined, curved, somewhat asymmetrical, con-
stricted below  the mouth when dry; calyptra small; operculum        conic;
annulus present.

1. Plants aquatic and foating, or in very wet places; leaves gradually acuminatc,
  acute  to  obtuse- -............................_............. __................ _.............L.  riparium
1. Plants smaller, not floating, seldom aquatic, but in wet places
  2. Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminatc; median leaf cells 3-5:1
                               L. trichopodium
  2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; median leaf cells 5-10:1......
                                   L. sipho

      Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. PLATE 72
  Leaves uncrowded, widely spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually nar-
rowing to a long slender acumination; costa ending above mid-leaf;
median leaf cells narrowly rhomboidal, 5-10:1, basal cells shorter and
broader, rectangular, especially along the costa; apical cells shorter than
median.
  HABITAT: In water, floating or attached to stones, or on decaying
wood in swamps.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.


    Leptodictyum riparium forma obtusum Grout PLATE 72
  Plants large, robust; leaf apex blunt, ending in 3-4 cells; differentiation
of basal cells less distinct. Otherwise as in the species.


ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, opaque; margins plane, mostly entire;
costa very strong, yellowish to brownish, ending in tip; median leaf cells
oblong-hexagonal, thick-walled, 1-2: 1; leaves bordered by 3-4 rows of
yellowish, elongate, thick-walled cells, the border sometimes not reaching
the apex, and less distinct at base; basal cells more regularly rectangular.
  HABITAT: On moist limestone in a stream.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.
  This species could easily be mistaken for Amblystegium varium except
for the border. It is probably more common than the single record would
indicate. For example, about 20 miles from Tallahassee, in Grady County,
Georgia, it grows luxuriantly in a lime sink and in the stream flowing
from it.

              LEPTODICTYUM
  Plants aquatic or growing in wet places; stems floating or creeping,
irregularly branched. Leaves spreading, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate,
margin plane and entire or nearly so; costa to mid-leaf or beyond but not
reaching apex; median leaf cells elongate, hexagonal to linear, thin-
walled, 3-10:1. Capsules inclined, curved, somewhat asymmetrical, con-
stricted below  the mouth when dry; calyptra small; operculum        conic;
annulus present.

1. Plants aquatic and floating, or in very wet places; leaves gradually acuminate,
  acute to obtuse-.................-- --- ...............................  b. riparium
1. Plants smaller, not floating, seldom aquatic, but in wet places
  2. Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate; median leaf cells 3-5:1
                               L. trichopodium
  2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; median leaf cells 5-10:1...._
                                   L. sipho

      Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. PLATE 72
  Leaves uncrowded, widely spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually nar-
rowing to a long slender acumination; costa ending above mid-leaf;
median leaf cells narrowly rhomboidal, 5-10:1, basal cells shorter and
broader, rectangular, especially along the costa; apical cells shorter than
median.
  HABITAT: In water, floating or attached to stones, or on decaying
wood in swamps.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

    Leptodictyum riparium forma obtusum Grout PLATE 72
  Plants large, robust; leaf apex blunt, ending in 3-4 cells; differentiation
of basal cells less distinct. Otherwise as in the species.


             AMBLYSTEGIACEAE         69

ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, opaque; margins plane, mostly entire;
costa very strong, yellowish to brownish, ending in tip; median leaf cells
oblong-hexagonal, thick-walled, 1-2: 1; leaves bordered by 3-4 rows of
yellowish, elongate, thick-walled cells, the border sometimes not reaching
the apex, and less distinct at base; basal cells more regularly rectangular.
  IIAB1TAT: On moist limestone in a stream.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.
  This species could easily be mistaken for Amblystegium varium except
for the border. It is probably more common than the single record would
indicate. For example, about 20 miles from Tallahassee, in Grady County,
Georgia, it grows luxuriantly in a lime sink and in the stream flowing
from it.

              LEPTODICTYUM
  Plants aquatic or growing in wet places; stems floating or creeping,
irregularly branched. Leaves spreading, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate,
margin plane and entire or nearly so; costa to mid-leaf or beyond but not
reaching apex; median leaf cells elongate, hexagonal to linear, thin-
walled, 3-10:1. Capsules inclined, curved, somewhat asymmetrical, con-
stricted below  the mouth when dry; calyptra small; operculum        conic;
annulus present.

1. Plants aquatic and floating, or in very wet places; leaves gradually acuminate,
  acute  to  obtuse -.._.... ........... ..........___..................._.....__ _..___..______L .  riparium
1. Plants smaller, not floating, seldom aquatic, but in wet places
  2. Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate; median leaf cells 3-5:1
                               L. trichopodium
  2. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; median leaf cells 5-10:1. .
                                   L. sipho

      Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. PLATE 72
  Leaves uncrowded, widely spreading, ovate-lanceolate, gradually nar-
rowing to a long slender acumination; costa ending above mid-leaf;
median leaf cells narrowly rhomboidal, 5-10:1, basal cells shorter and
broader, rectangular, especially along the costa; apical cells shorter than
median.
  HABITAT: In water, floating or attached to stones, or on decaying
wood in swamps.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

    Leptodictyum riparium forma obtusum Grout PLATE 72
  Plants large, robust; leaf apex blunt, ending in 3-4 cells; differentiation
of basal cells less distinct. Otherwise as in the species.



/U           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
   Leptodictyum   trichopodium   (Schultz) Warnst.     PLATE 73
 Plants smaller than those of L. riparium. Leaves uncrowded, broadly
 ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acuminate, ending in a single cell; margin
 entire or nearly so above, slightly toothed toward base; costa ending below
base of tip; median leaf cells 3-5: 1, a large area of larger, rectangular,
somewhat inflated cells at base.
HABITAT: On rotten wood, swamps and streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Marion Counties.

        Leptodictyum sipho (P. Beauv.) Broth.       PLATE 72
  Leaves distant, separated by about their own width, narrowly ovate-
lanceolate; median leaf cells 5-10: I, broader and shorter below. Branch
leaves smaller than stem leaves.
HABITAT: On decayed wood.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Collier, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Mana-
tee, Wakulla Counties.
This seems to be a southern form of L. trichopodium.


            HYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM
    Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 73
       Hygroamblystegium irriguum (Wils.) Loeske
  Plants aquatic, slender, elongate, irregularly branching, with occasional
inconspicuous paraphyllia at the nodes. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-
lanceolate to almost triangular, gradually long-acuminate; branch leaves
smaller, narrower; margins plane, entire above, slightly toothed near base;
costa strong, becoming more slender upward, percurrent or ending a short
distance below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal, thick-walled, 2-4: 1,
basal cells rectangular, often colored.
  HABITAT: On trees or stones in water, or on very moist soils in
swamps.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gilchrist, Holmes, Marion, Polk,
Taylor, Volusia Counties.


           BRACHYTHECIACEAE
  Plants slender to robust, in dense mats, usually glossy; stems irregularly
pinnately branching. Leaves overlapping when dry, erect-spreading or
closely pressed to stem when moist, often crowded, lanceolate, ovate-
lanceolate, or somewhat cordate (heart-shaped), often wrinkled length-
wise; apex slender to obtuse; costa single, ending above mid-leaf; median


70           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

   Leptodictyum   trichopodium   (Schultz) Warnst.     PLATE 73
 Plants smaller than those of L. riparium. Leaves uncrowded, broadly
 ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acuminate, ending in a single cell; margin
 entire or nearly so above, slightly toothed toward base; costa ending below
base of tip; median leaf cells 3-5: 1, a large area of larger, rectangular,
somewhat inflated cells at base.
HABITAT: On rotten wood, swamps and streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Marion Counties.

        Leptodictyum   sipho (P. Beauv.) Broth.     PLATE 72
  Leaves distant, separated by about their own width, narrowly ovate-
lanceolate; median leaf cells 5-10: , broader and shorter below. Branch
leaves smaller than stem leaves.
HABITAT: On decayed wood.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Collier, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Mana-
tee, Wakulla Counties.
This seems to be a southern form of L. trichopodium.


            HYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM
    Hygroamblystegium fenax (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 73
       Hygroamblystegium  irriguum  (Wils.) Loeske
  Plants aquatic, slender, elongate, irregularly branching, with occasional
inconspicuous paraphyllia at the nodes. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-
lanceolate to almost triangular, gradually long-acuminate; branch leaves
smaller, narrower; margins plane, entire above, slightly toothed near base;
costa strong, becoming more slender upward, percurrent or ending a short
distance below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal, thick-walled, 2-4: 1,
basal cells rectangular, often colored.
  HABITAT: On trees or stones in water, or on very moist soils in
swamps.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gilchrist, Holmes, Marion, Polk,
Taylor, Volusia Counties.


           BRACHYTHECIACEAE
  Plants slender to robust, in dense mats, usually glossy; stems irregularly
pinnately branching. Leaves overlapping when dry, erect-spreading or
closely pressed to stem when moist, often crowded, lanceolate, ovate-
lanceolate, or somewhat cordate (heart-shaped), often wrinkled length-
wise; apex slender to obtuse; costa single, ending above mid-leaf; median


70


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


   Leptodictyum   trichopodium   (Schultz) Warnst.     PLATE 73
 Plants smaller than those of L. riparium. Leaves uncrowded, broadly
 ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acuminate, ending in a single cell; margin
 entire or nearly so above, slightly toothed toward base; costa ending below
base of tip; median leaf cells 3-5: 1, a large area of larger, rectangular,
somewhat inflated cells at base.
HABITAT: On rotten wood, swamps and streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon, Levy, Marion Counties.

        Leptodictyum sipho (P. Beauv.) Broth.       PLATE 72
  Leaves distant, separated by about their own width, narrowly ovate-
lanceolate; median leaf cells 5-10:1, broader and shorter below. Branch
leaves smaller than stem leaves.
HABITAT: On decayed wood.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Collier, Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Mana-
tee, Wakulla Counties.
This seems to be a southern form of L. trichopodium.


            HYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM
    Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 73
       Hygroamblystegium irriguum (Wils.) Loeske
 Plants aquatic, slender, elongate, irregularly branching, with occasional
 inconspicuous paraphyllia at the nodes. Leaves erect-spreading, ovate-
 lanecolate to almost triangular, gradually long-acuminate; branch leaves
 smaller, narrower; margins plane, entire above, slightly toothed near base;
 costa strong, becoming more slender upward, percurrent or ending a short
 distance below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal, thick-walled, 2-4: 1,
 basal cells rectangular, often colored.
 HABITAT: On trees or stones in water, or on very moist soils in
 swamps.
 DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gilchrist, Holmes, Marion, Polk,
 Taylor, Volusia Counties.


           BRACHYTHECIACEAE
  Plants slender to robust, in dense mats, usually glossy; stems irregularly
pinnately branching. Leaves overlapping when dry, erect-spreading or
closely pressed to stem when moist, often crowded, lanceolate, ovate-
lanceolate, or somewhat cordate (heart-shaped), often wrinkled length-
wise; apex slender to obtuse; costa single, ending above mid-leaf; median



BRACHYTHECIACEAE


71


71AHY71CI71A


71


BRACHYTHECIACEAE


71


leaf cells smooth, cloogate; cells in alar regi~on usoally dlifferectiated,
eitheescsalleacdquadreatecoricllatedansd hyalice;stcm aclbach
leaves sometimes dlifferent. beta elonsgate, smooth oe papilloe; capsule
obloneg r ovoid, icclinoed or horizotal antd somewvhat asym~metric, r
rarelv erectsacclsymmceic; calyptra hood-shaped, soonost; opeclumt
cocic, blunst ce beaked; annulus absecs r pately developed aad iccons-
spicouss; peeissome   teeth  with  zigzag  mediac    lice, papillose  above,
haeeed hclowv; segmects from a high basal membeante; cilia usuoally well
developed.
               KrY TO GENERA
1. Capes cied so horizortal, somewtasysmmctric; apedaccs aboas she
  same length asstheteetb;tetasmoothortogb;eves fla,wikled; cellsi
  alaregaaonfewv,oorlyvdiffeetted
  2. Placttshbt;oercotum short-braked
    3. Lcavcs ovate-tacceotate, mostly wveickled; tie not twisted; cells in aloe
    rsgon ceaklv diffeenvtiated- - - - ractseciocc
    3. Leavet broadly cvate, conspicuouslv coccave and spooc-saaed; tip
    tsvisted; sinsl1 aces of quadrate cetlsintalareegioc..Cireiphe /toe
  2. Plantsathber slecder; leaves cot wresnkled; sorculom tocg-beabed
    3. Leavsotetooneaelytrtcngular; aes sbsrt, btoad oe evinted; cotta
    stout, ecding ic tpine cc doesal tide; sets eapidlose.-.-Osyeebyecbieu
    3. Leaves ovate-laceotat, tong-acuminate, she tie cstatlvscwisted; cotta
    slecder, iccoctpicuoos or abs ecs; teta smoothb - Rbvecboocgiuot
1. Capsules eroci oe nearly so, svmmetric; apencdages sbortr tbactbeteetb; sets
  rogb;tleavet-avase,notevrisnbted; celts icaarrgios adate,nuteos,
  chtoreebvllosr.-.......---         ---. - -.................... Homtehhcictti
  Thisousagecof gecericcnames isot ic     acccrdacetitb the msot rcnct
study cg the Brachvcheciscese, Haold F. Rohicoc's tpcblicationetiled
Gessersc Rleisionts of North Amcericant Beachyshecbrccisc (Tbe Beyologist
72-146, 1962), ic wbich he makes several Rest combications. I have
pourposely followed the mce teaditiocal bacdlicg of ste accoos Brehj she-
cica, recogcizicg the licmitatiocs possessed by skis teatmect. Probably co
geocp of moosescwas ic greaser ceed cf critical stedy thac this one, and
Rcbicon's week is weelcome.

              BRIACHYTHECIUM
 Placts slecder to robosr, gicossy, yellosv-greec, foecmicg rathee flat,
 crowvded matss; stems irregolarly piccateiy beanchkicg. Blracch aned stem
 leaves differectiated, she stem leaves usually larger acd brcadee, sitob
more slecder sip, acd less cospicocsly tccthed. Blracch leaves erect-
spreading, more or less cocave, ofte wc rickled lengthwoise, ovate-lacce-
Elare, shorly decuerect; margics place tocrecurved, oscally toothed ic
upper part; costa to mid-leaf cc abcve; mediae cells licear to ehom-
bcidal, apical acd basal cells shcrter, with a small groop of poorly defieed


lcaf cells smooths, elocgate; cells its aloe regicn cusally diffceetiated,
eistevmllercndgquadratcricflatedasnd hyalie;stem acdbracch
leaves socmetimes diffeeet. beta elccgate, smocth or paptilcose; catpscle
oblocgorcvidl,iclicrd orhrioalad sosewvhat asctmetric, o
rarely erect asnd symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped, socn lost; cpercolum
cosnic, blunt cc beaked; acsnclus absent or poorly develcped acd iccosn-
spicocs; peristomce teth wtric zigzag cmediac lice, papillose above,
barred beloc-; segments from a high basal membrace; ciliacvsllyswell
developed.
     -  ~       c KE a To NRA
5. Capesncicned to horiaoctat, somewhats atymmetric; arendaces cbout sbe
   samecengh as the teetb; seta smootb cc roogb; lcavcs Rlat, wretkled; cetls int
   atlar regtioc icco, poorly differentisted
   2. Placts rabcst; operculum shot-braked
   3. teavet ovate-lanceolat, mtlywrinkvcled; tipa cot twoistced; cells in aloe
     regionceaklytvdifferentated- - - - rachytbecium
     3. Leaves broadly ovate, cospicuously. cercave sod spon-shared; Rep
     twisted; smaoll area of quadrate cells ins aloe regiono_... Cir-riphyllnmr
  2. Placts catber slecder; leaves not wtrinkled; opercolom loog-beaked
    3.Laves ovate tosearlyvriantular;sae sor,broatoroitd;costa
    stoct, enading io trie on dorsal tidy; sets eariltose-Oxyrerhynchium
    3. Leaves ovate-tacceotate, long-acumicat, sthe tie csoatly twisted; costa
    sleoder, itconsriccous or abseot; sct a smooth - Rbyncbhooteu
1. Capsules erect or nearly so, sytemetric; apendagesabhorter taathbcccsb; scta
  rougb; leaves ovate, cot wsrirbled; cells in alas regiont qoadrate, cnteerout,
  ebteroebslosse---------.---------..-..-.-------------Hotealotbeciella
  This usagc of generic camesv is nol ic accordlancesvith the most recent
study of the Itrachysheciscese, Harold E. ltehicvecs publication ectitled
Gienere icRevisiosof North Ateeican Beachysbeciaccac (The Bryologist
72-146, 1962), to c-hick be mobkes seeral cccv combinations. I haor
porposely followoed ste msore tradlitional handlicg of ste gensreachythe-
ciusorecoanizicg the limoitatiocs possessed by this trearcsect. Probably co
grocp of cmosses c-as be greater ceed of critical stody thac this one, acd
Rtobinoswsork is welcoe.

              BRIACHYTHECIUM

  Plactssslecder to robosr, glossy, yellow-green, formicg rather flat,
crowvded matsv; stems irregularly picoately brachbicg. Blracch sod stem
leaves differectiated, she stem leaves usually larer acd broader, with a
more slecder sip, sod less conspicously toothed, Brascch less-es erect-
speadicg, score or less coccave, ofteo wcrickled lecgthwvise, osate-lacce-
Elate, shertly decurreot; margics place to reccred, usoally toothed ic
opper pact; costs to mid-leaf or above; mediac cells licear to rhom-
boidal, apical acd basal cells shorter, with a small groop of poorly dekined


leaf cells sooth, elongate; cell s ic alar region cusally differeotisted,
either smaller sod quadrate or icflated acd hyaline; stem acd brooch
leaves sometimes differed. Sess elonsgate, smooth or paplose; capsule
oblong or ovoid, iclined or horizoctal and somec-hatrasymmetric, or
carety erect acd symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped, sooc lost; operculum
cocic, bluct or braked; anculus asent or poorly developed and icnc-
spicous; peristome teeth c-ilk zigzag mediac lice, papillose above,
barred belosw; segments from a high basal metcbrace; cilia utsually wvell
developed.
               KEY vs GEERAo
5. Captules inchied so horizontat, soamewhat symmetic; arreodagabootstbe
  sametlegthasteeeh; stasmothr rouh;lavs fla, wrickled; cellsic
  alas regions few, reerly differentiated
  2. Plans robus; operculum short-beaked
    3. Leaves ovate-Isoccelate, mostly crickled; tip cot to-fated; cellsinar
    egion wecably differentiated-   -    -     --.....................reachytheciec
    3. Leaes broadly ovate, cocteicouosly corcave sod spoon-sbared; Rep
    coisted; stell aces of quadrateceltls intalreion. _- Cieeipbego
    --Plants rather slender; leaves cot wrdnkled; oerculum long-beasked
    3. Leaves ovatetoeearltvrangular;aesor, bodroied; costa
    scoot, endina in spine on dorsat side; sets eapilose.Ooveehyecbio
    3. Leaves ovate-tanceotat, long-acumicat, she-c isaly twisted; cotta
    dleoder, icconspiccoos or absent; teta smooth -......Rbyvchostegiuo
1. Carsules erect or nearly so, symmetric; apendages stertehanotbeteeth; sets
  rougb; leaves ovat, notorinkled; ells in slat regioc suadrate, cumerocs,
  chloropbyl oe - - - - - - --..... ... ...........................Hos o teciettsa
  This usage of genericcnames isnot io accord acce woith the cmostrrecect
soudy of the Brachytheciaccae, Harold E. Rohicson's publication entiled
Geneicceisions of North Americao Braschytheciaceae (The Bryologist
72-146, 1962), in wohich he makes several new combinations. I bavc
purpooclo folloswed she more traditional handlicg of she genus Brachythe-
cirst, recognizicg the limitatiocs possessed by shiv trearmect. ltrobably no
grocp of mosses toss ic greater creel of critical study than this one, sod
Robioson's c-orb is woelcome.

              BRIACHYTHIECIUM

 Plactsicoeder to robust, glossy, vellowv-green, formicg rather flat,
 croweded mats; stecms irregularly pinoately braoching. Blracch sod stem
 lesvcs differentdated, she stem leaves usually larger acd broader, wish a
more slecder tip, sod less conspicuously toothed. Branch leaves erect-
spesdicg, cmore or less coccave, often worickled lecgthwvise, ovare-lsnce-
slate, shortly decurreot; margics place to recurved, usually tmothed in
upper part; costs to mid-leaf or above; median cells licear to rhom-
boidal, apical sod basal cells shorter, woirh a small groop of poorly dekined





quad rate cells at basal angles. Perichaetial leaves differentiated. Seta long,
smaooth te papillase; capsnles avoid to cylindric, incelined to Isorizontal,
cuesed; opeectultumt sboet and stout; peristonme usoally complete. Seldom
fruitinag in Florida.
1. Leal orargins plane, entr; leaes not tongiordinalyverinbtrd-It-_. penoallii
1. Leasarginstlane totrecured, slighttrtoothd toeontre;tleasesmore ortess
  iongitudinattyowrisbted
  2. tLeavesstraongly ariobted
    3. Stem leases deltoid; branach teavs oate-laaccoatt, gradually sapering
    tost a rooundcd basc- - -  B. acssoinat
    3. Stems teavs ovate-lancealate, broadest nos abase base; braacb leases
    msoresesderly acsuainate-   It...... . satebrrssss
  2. Leases ast swainkled, or ole sligbtly so
    3. Stemtleases broadlv ovate-lancolte; branchsleavsrraower,aexsto,
    tirades, aftea cnrved; cells sin alas regian fray, densely cblarapbyllasc
    aad oaqu.sar . ..............- -_- 0,......... B fbagetloe
    3. Saem leases ovatc-lancoate, coaspicuoausly decurrert; bsrancb traces
      with sboter aadbroader tip.......---------. _------B. rolcoosos

          Broachyhecium penneflb Bartr. PLATE 74
  Plants in tinm, broasnisb-green mats; stems irtegularly and infreqeqontly
brancbing. Brancb leaves erect-spreading, blattened or recurved, oate-
lanceolate, acuntinate, nat wrinktled ar anly sligbtly sa; margins tplane
and entire; casta about trre-fortbs length of leaf; median leaf cells
liaear-flexoaus, b-10:1; apical cells sbarter, rhobasobidal, 1-2: 1; basal
cells sbort-rectangular anal thin-svalled, tbha alar region not shtarply dif-
ferentiated.
  HABITAT: Ott limestone ar a tbin laser af sail aver lismestaae.
  DISnTRIUTION: Mlexico; Teas.
  Florida: W\abulla Conty.

    Bachythecium acuminsafum (Hedw.) Kindb. PLASTE 71
        Cbomberlainia auaoto (Hedwv.) Grout
 Plants in compact, glossy, yellaw-green mats; stems irregoulrl pin-
 nately brancbiag, julaceous. Brancb leaves crowaded, erect-spreading, can-
 cave, wvrinbled, sligbtly decorrent, oa te-lancealate, gradually taperiag;
 margisns plane or recurvead, sligbtly tootbed almast to base; costa edn
 above mid-leaf; median leaf cabls linear-raobobidal, about 6:1, occa-
 sionally longer; apical cells about 3:1; cells gradnally becomng shoorter
 and broader tooward tbe base, svitb a distinct group of quad rate cells
 differentiated at basal angles. Stem leaves almost triangular, witb a slender
 acumination. Apparently not fruiting in Florida.
 HABITA: Usnally an limestone; also on decayed wsood.
 DISTRInUnON:o Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon,


72           M0SSES OF FLORIDA
quadrate cells at basal angles. Pericbaetial leases differentiated. beta long,
smootb or papillose; capsules osvoad to cylindric, inselinead to hsorizontal,
corseid; operculum abort and stout; peristonmeusually coomplete. Seldons
feuiting in Florida.
1. Leaf margints Floor, entire; leaves not longitudioalty wrtinkted-- B. pennelii
7. Leaf margios plane tosrecurved, sligbhtly tootbed ta entr; leases more or ls
  longitudinally wrinbted
  2. Leases strongly wsrinkled
    3. Stemsleavssdetoid; botraesrsvate-lacelate,gadlyaering
    froms a raoded base ----------- _........-------0B. acuminatum
    3. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolote, broadestsjns abase bate; brancb teases
    moresleodrly ocominatcB f. tatebrevto-
  2. Leases not wriakled, or only sbibhtvy so
    3. Stem lavecs broady ovat-anceoate;traoc eaescsnarrower,aexslon,
    slcndes, often corved; antis in alas region fray, densely cbtoropbyloase
    rod aoaur-     --...............---------- ....------IB. foactioara
    3. Stcm travs ovate-lancesote, consspcuooslyotecurrer; braancb leaves
    wthbsborter andbroadrtipe- -____.--- It . rocaani

          Brachythecium pennellfi Bats. PLATE 74
  Platnts So tinm, broswnisb-geen mats; stems irregularly andi infrequently
brancbing. Brancb leaves erect-spreading, blattened at accursed, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, not rwrinkled or only slighttly so; margins plane
and entire; sosta about tbree-fourths length of leaf; mtedian leaf cells
linear-flexuoos, 8-10:1; apical cell s sborter, rbanmboidal, 1-2:1; basal
cells sthort-rectangular and tbin-wvalled, tbe alar region not sbarply dif-
ferentiated.
  HABoITAT: Onlimestoneoaatin laeraofsoilvertimeston.
  DISTRIBUTtON: Mexaico; Trout.
  Florida: Wabolla County.

    Brachythecium acuminafum (Hedw.) Kindb. PLATE 71
        Cbamsberlainia acuminata (Hedsw.) Grant
 Plants inscompact, glassy, yellowv-green msats; slants irregularly pin-
 nately brancbing, julaceous. Brancb leases crowsded, erect-spreading, eon-
 case, wrinbled, sligbtly decorrent, ovate-lanceolate, gradually taperirg;
 smargins plane or recurved, sligbtly tootbed almost to base; costa ending
 abase mid-leaf; median leaf sells binear-rbomboidal, about 6:1, occa-
 sionally longer; apical cells about 3:1; cells gradually becoming shortr
 and broader toward tbe base, svitb a distinct group of quadrare cells
 differentiated at basal angles. Stem leaves almost triangular, svitb a slender
 acumination. Abpparenly not froitiog in Florida.
 HAarTAT: Usually on limestone; also an decayed wcood.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon,


72


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


quadrate cells at basal angles. Pericbaetial leaves adifferenttiatead. beta long,
smootb or papillose; capsusles avoid to cylindric, inelined to boriztontal,
cisrved; operculunm sbort and stool; peristome usu ally complete. Seldom
faulting to Florida.
1. Leaf margins Floor, entire; leavet not logitudinallvyswrinkled-B. psnnectii
1. Leaflarints per  rcurrsed,sligbtly tootbedto entre; leavsmoreaor lss
  longitudiallyswrinled
  2. Leovas stronglyowrinled
    3. Stem leaves deltoid; btancb teases ovate-lanceolate, gradoalvy tapering
    from a rounded base-- - - - . acaoiooat,s
    3. Stem lcases ovate-lancolate, broadest trst abase base; braanceave
    more sleodly acumsinate......... B. ............... salebrosum
  2. Leases not wrinkled, at only sligbtlv so
    3. Seleavetrsbroadlyaoate-lanceoate; braochbleavesarrower,apexslon,
    tlcoder, often cursed; cells in star action fews, deosely cbtaeacbr lose
    and opaqus ............  ........I.t,.......... _ _..B   foortilare
    3. Sara, teases ovase-lanceolte, cospicuously decorrer; braancb leaves
    wthbsborteroandtbroader te- - - - b. atanuoo

          Brachythecium pennellii Bats. FLASTE 74
  Flants in tinm, broswnisb-green matls; slants irregularly and infrequently
brancbing. Brancb leaves erect-spreeading, blattened as recursvad, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, not w~rinkled or only sligbtly so; margins plane
and entire; costa about tbree-fourtbs lengtb of leaf- osedian leaf cells
linar-flexous, 8-10:1; upical cebls sborter, rbomboidol, 1-2:1; basal
sells sbort-rectangolar and tim-walled, tbe alar region not sbarply dif-
ferentiated.
  HABIoTAsT: Onlimestoneora tin laerof soilseliestoe.
  DtSTRIBUTION: M~exico; Texas.
  Florida: Waokullo County.


Brachythecium  acumsinatum  (Hedw.) Kindb.
    Cbamberlainio acumnasta (Hedw.) Grout


PLATE 71


Flants in compact, glossy, yellowv-green matOs; sotis irregularly pin-
nately brancbing, julaccoos. Brancb leaves crowvdad, erect-spreading, eon-
catva, svrinbled, slbgbtly decurrent, asvate-lanceolate, gradually tapering;
margins plane or reurv ad, sligtly toothsed almost to base; costa ending
above tota-leaf; median leaf cabls lineor-rbomboidal, about 6:1, occa-
sionally longer; apical cells about 3:1; cells gradually becoming sbarter
and broader tooword ibe base, wsibh a distinct getup of quadrate cebls
differentiated at basal angles. Stem leases almost triangular, wvitb a slender
acumination. Apparently ot fruiting in Florida.
HAnITAT: Usuably an lbmestone; also an decayed wood.
DtSTnvBUTON: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon,



BRACHYTHECIACEAE


73                 BRAC HYTHECIACEAE


73


Liberty, Marion, Seminole, Sumter, Sovannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.
  Specimens from Florida previously identified as B. splendens Aust. have
been referred to B. acuminatum, as I can see no clear-cut distinctions.

  Brachythecium salebrosum (Web. & Mohr) BSG PLATE 74
  Plants in wide, glossy, yellow-green mats; stems irregularly pinnately
branching. Branch leaves crowded, erect-spreading, concave, wrinkled,
decurrent, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate; margins reflexed, slightly
toothed above; costa ending above mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear-
rhomboidal, about 10.1; apical cells 2-4: 1; 2-3 rows of shorter and
broader, almost rectangular cells across insertion; cells in alar region
smaller, subquadrate, thin-walled. Stem   leaves larger, ovate-lanceolate,
broadest just above base.
  HAB1TAT: On soil or litter.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.

    Brachythecium flagellare (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 75
         Brachythecium   plumosum    (Sw.) BSG
  Plants rather robust, in wide, glossy, yellow-green to brownish mats;
stems irregularly pinnately branching, branches crowded, straight to slight-
ly curving upward. Branch leaves crowded, sometimes turned in one
direction, concave, not wrinkled or only occasionally so, lanceolatc to
ovate-lanceolate, apices abruptly slenderly acuminate, often curved; mar-
gins plane or recurved, slightly toothed to entire; costa extending about
two-thirds length of leaf; median leaf cells linear, 8-12:1; apical cells
shorter, 2-3: 1; basal cells shorter and broader, with no distinct alar
region differentiated. Stem leaves more broadly ovate-lanceolate and with
a longer tip.
  HABITAT: On limestone or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Jackson Counties.

         Brachythecium roteanum De Not. PLATE 76
  Plants in glossy, yellow-green mats; stems irregularly pinnately branch-
ing, more or less julaceous. Branch leaves crowded, decurrent, concave,
not conspicuously wrinkled, ovate-lanceolate, broadly acuminate; margins
reflexed, toothed above, almost entire below; costa ending above mid-leaf;
median leaf cells linear-fusiform, 10-21:1; apical cells shorter and
broader, 2-3: 1; basal cells shorter and broader, with a well differentiated
group of subquadrate cells in alar region. largins of stem leaves entire
or nearly so.
  HABITAT : On soil over limestone.


Liberty, Marion, Seminole, Sumter, Sunannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.
Specimens from Florida previously identified as B. splendens Aust. have
been referred to B. acuminatum, as I can see no clear-cut distinctions.

  Brachythecium salebrosum (Web. & Mohr) BSG PLATE 74
  Plants in wide, glossy, yellow-green mats; stems irregularly pinnately
branching. Branch leaves crowded, erect-spreading, concave, wrinkled,
decurrent, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate; margins reflexed, slightly
toothed above; costa ending above mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear-
rhomboidal, about 10.1; apical cells 2-4:1; 2-3 rows of shorter and
broader, almost rectangular cells across insertion; cells in alar region
smaller, subquadrate, thin-walled. Stem   leaves larger, ovate-lanceolate,
broadest just above base.
  HABITAT: On soil or litter.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.

    Brachythecium flagellare (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 75
         Brachythecium   plumosum    (Sw.) BSG
 Plants rather robust, in wide, glossy, yellow-green to brownish mats;
 stems irregularly pinnately branching, branches crowded, straight to slight-
ly curving upward. Branch leaves crowded, sometimes turned in one
direction, concave, not wrinkled or only occasionally so, lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate, apices abruptly slenderly acuminate, often curved; mar-
gins plane or recurved, slightly toothed to entire; costa extending about
two-thirds length of leaf; median leaf cells linear, 8-12:1; apical cells
shorter, 2-3:1; basal cells shorter and broader, with no distinct alar
region differentiated. Stem leaves more broadly ovate-lanceolate and with
a longer tip.
  HABITAT: On limestone or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Jackson Counties.

         Brachythecium roteanum De Not. PLATE 76
  Plants in glossy, yellow-green mats; stems irregularly pinnately branch-
ing, more or less julaceous. Branch leaves crowded, decurrent, concave,
not conspicuously wrinkled, ovate-lanceolate, broadly acuminate; margins
reflexed, toothed above, almost entire below; costa ending above mid-leaf;
median leaf cells linear-fusiform, 10-21:1; apical cells shorter and
broader, 2-3: 1; basal cells shorter and broader, with a well differentiated
group of subquadrate cells in alar region. Margins of stem leaves entire
or nearly so.
  HABITAT: On soil over limestone.


             BRACHYTHECIACEAE        73
Liberty, M-arion, Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, SWakulla Counties.
  Specimens from Florida previously identified as B. splendens Aust. have
been referred to B. acuminatum, as I can see no clear-cut distinctions.

  Brachythecium salebrosum (Web. & Mohr) BSG PLATE 74
  Plants in wide, glossy, yellow-green mats; stems irregularly pinnately
branching. Branch leaves crowded, erect-spreading, concave, wrinkled,
decurrent, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate; margins reflexed, slightly
toothed above; costa ending above mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear-
rhomboidal, about 10.1; apical cells 2-4: 1; 2-3 rows of shorter and
broader, almost rectangular cells across insertion; cells in alar region
smaller, subquadrate, thin-walled. Stem   leaves larger, ovate-lanceolate,
broadest just above base.
  HABITAT: On soil or litter.
  DISTO  BUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Seminole, WIakulla Counties.

    Brachythecium flagellare (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 75
         Brachythecium   plumosum    (Sw.) BSG
  Plants rather robust, in wide, glossy, yellow-green to brownish mats;
stems irregularly pinnately branching, branches crowded, straight to slight-
ly curving upward. Branch leaves crowded, sometimes turned in one
direction, concave, not wrinkled or only occasionally so, lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate, apices abruptly slenderly acuminate, often curved; mar-
gins plane or recurved, slightly toothed to entire; costa extending about
two-thirds length of leaf; median leaf cells linear, 8-12:1; apical cells
shorter, 2-3: 1; basal cells shorter and broader, with no distinct alar
region differentiated. Stem leaves more broadly ovate-lanceolate and with
a longer tip.
  HAnITAT: On limestone or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Jackson Counties.

         Brachythecium roteanum De Not. PLATE 76
  Plants in glossy, yellow-green mats; stems irregularly pinnately branch-
ing, more or less julaceous. Branch leaves crowded, decurrent, concave,
not conspicuously wrinkled, ovate-lanceolate, broadly acuminate; margins
reflexed, toothed above, almost entire below; costa ending above mid-leaf;
median leaf cells linear-fusiform, 10-21:1; apical cells shorter and
broader, 2-3: 1; basal cells shorter and broader, with a well differentiated
group of subquadrate cells in alar region. Margins of stem leaves entire
or nearly so.
  HABITAT: On soil over limestone.



74           MOSSES OF FLORIDA             74           MOSSES OF FLORIDA             74           MOSSES OF FLORIDA


DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Jackson, Pasco, Seminole
Counties.

              CIRRIPHYLLUM
     Cirriphyllum illecebrum (Hedw.) L. Koch PLATE 78
         Cirriphyllum boscii (Schwaegr.) Grout
 Plants robust, forming large compact mats, pale green to golden or
 almost white, glossy; stems irregularly pinnately branched, branches con-
 spicuously julaceous. Leaves large, crowded, overlapping, very concave
 and spoon-shaped, wrinkled, broadly ovate, abruptly narrowing to a
 slender tip twisted a half turn, shortly decurrent; margins plane, toothed
 except at base; costa strong, ending about mid-leaf; median leaf cells
 linear-rhomboidal, 4-8: 1, the marginal cells shorter; apical cells about
 2:1; median basal cells thick-walled and nodulose, cells in basal angles
 small, quadrate. Apparently not fruiting in Florida.
 HABITAT: On moist limestone or soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson,
 Leon, Liberty, Madison, Suwannee, Washington Counties.


              OXYRRHYNCHIUM
      Oxyrrhynchium hlans (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 78
      Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants slender, in interwoven mats, yellow-green, glossy; stems irregu-
larly pinnately branching, ends of short branches sometimes curved up-
ward. Stem and branch leaves similar, the stem leaves distant, branch
leaves more crowded and frequently overlapping. Leaves ovate to nearly
triangular, acute to short-acuminate; margins plane, conspicuously toothed
at tip, and to a lesser degree almost to base; costa strong, extending about
to base of tip, and ending in a spine on the dorsal side; median leaf cells
linear-rhomboidal, 5-10: 1; apical cells 1-2: 1; basal cells rectangular, in
1-2 rows, alar region not well differentiated. Dioicous. Seta long, reddish
brown, papillose; capsule cylindric, horizontal to inclined, curved; oper-
culum conic, long-beaked, nearly as long as urn; annulus present; peri-
stome double. Spores slightly papillose, 12-15 p.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread         in  state. Alachua, Citrus,
Columbia, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Highlands, Indian River,
Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Putnam, Sem-
inole, Sumter, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  A form found occasionally in which the costa has several spines along


DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Jackson, Pasco, Seminole
Counties.

              CIRRIPHYLLUM
     Cirriphyllum illecebrum (Hedw.) L. Koch PLATE 78
         Cirriphyllum boscii (Schwaegr.) Grout
 Plants robust, forming large compact mats, pale green to golden or
 almost white, glossy; stems irregularly pinnately branched, branches con-
 spicuously julaceous. Leaves large, crowded, overlapping, very concave
 and spoon-shaped, wrinkled, broadly ovate, abruptly narrowing to a
 slender tip twisted a half turn, shortly decurrent; margins plane, toothed
 except at base; costa strong, ending about mid-leaf; median leaf cells
 linear-rhomboidal, 4-8: 1, the marginal cells shorter; apical cells about
 2: 1; median basal cells thick-walled and nodulose, cells in basal angles
 small, quadrate. Apparently not fruiting in Florida.
 HABITAT: On moist limestone or soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson,
 Leon, Liberty, Madison, Suwannee, Washington Counties.


              OXYRRHYNCHIUM
      Oxyrrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 78
      Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants slender, in interwoven mats, yellow-green, glossy; stems irregu-
larly pinnately branching, ends of short branches sometimes curved up-
ward. Stem and branch leaves similar, the stem leaves distant, branch
leaves more crowded and frequently overlapping. Leaves ovate to nearly
triangular, acute to short-acuminate; margins plane, conspicuously toothed
at tip, and to a lesser degree almost to base; costa strong, extending about
to base of tip, and ending in a spine on the dorsal side; median leaf cells
linear-rhomboidal, 5-10:1; apical cells 1-2: 1; basal cells rectangular, in
1-2 rows, alar region not well differentiated. Dioicous. Seta long, reddish
brown, papillose; capsule cylindric, horizontal to inclined, curved; oper-
culum conic, long-beaked, nearly as long as urn; annulus present; peri-
stome double. Spores slightly papillose, 12-15 v.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, limestone.
  DIsTR1BUT10N: Florida: Widespread      in  state. Alachua, Citrus,
Columbia, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Highlands, Indian River,
Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Putnam, Sem-
inole, Sumter, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  A form found occasionally in which the costa has several spines along


DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Jackson, Pasco, Seminole
Counties.


         CIRRIPHYLLUM
Cirriphyllum illecebrum  (Hedw.) L. Koch
   Cirriphyllum boscii (Schwaegr.) Grout


PLATE 78


Plants robust, forming large compact mats, pale green to golden or
almost white, glossy; stems irregularly pinnately branched, branches con-
spicuously julaceous. Leaves large, crowded, overlapping, very concave
and spoon-shaped, wrinkled, broadly ovate, abruptly narrowing to a
slender tip twisted a half turn, shortly decurrent; margins plane, toothed
except at base; costa strong, ending about mid-leaf; median leaf cells
linear-rhomboidal, 4-8: 1, the marginal cells shorter; apical cells about
2: 1; median basal cells thick-walled and nodulose, cells in basal angles
small, quadrate. Apparently not fruiting in Florida.
HABTAT: On moist limestone or soil.
DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson,
Leon, Liberty, Madison, Suwannee, Washington Counties.


              OXYRRHYNCHIUM
      Oxyrrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Jennings PLATE 78
      Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants slender, in interwoven mats, yellow-green, glossy; stems irregu-
larly pinnately branching, ends of short branches sometimes curved up-
ward. Stem and branch leaves similar, the stem leaves distant, branch
leaves more crowded and frequently overlapping. Leaves ovate to nearly
triangular, acute to short-acuminate; margins plane, conspicuously toothed
at tip, and to a lesser degree almost to base; costa strong, extending about
to base of tip, and ending in a spine on the dorsal side; median leaf cells
linear-rhomboidal, 5-10:1; apical cells 1-2:1; basal cells rectangular, in
1-2 rows, alar region not well differentiated. Dioicous. Seta long, reddish
brown, papillose; capsule cylindric, horizontal to inclined, curved; oper-
culum conic, long-beaked, nearly as long as urn; annulus present; peri-
stome double. Spores slightly papillose, 12-15 p.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread         in  state. Alachua, Citrus,
Columbia, Dade, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden, Highlands, Indian River,
Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Putnam, Sem-
inole, Sumter, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  A form found occasionally in which the costa has several spines along



BRACHYTHECIACEAE


75


the upper dorsal side has been referred to Oxyrrhynchiur rappii Wns.
(Eurhynchium    rappii [Wms.] Grout). Intergradations between this and
the typical O. hians, with a single terminal spine, sometimes occur on the
same plants. I have not been able to distinguish the peristome difference
as described. Therefore, I have not recognized O. rappii as a species or,
for that matter, as a clear-cut variety.


             RHYNCHOSTEGIUM
        Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.) PLATE 79
               Jaeg. & Sauerb.
        Eurhynchium    serrulatum  (Hedw.) Kindb.
 Plants in wide, loose, pale yellowish-green mats, somewhat glossy;
 stems irregularly pinnately branching. Leaves somewhat flattened in one
 plane, spreading, concave, slightly decurrent, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly
 long-acuminate, the apex usually twisted; margins plane, toothed almost
 to the bases; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear,
 6-10:1, apical cells shorter; basal cells rectangular, not forming a con-
 spicuous group at the basal angles. Autoicous. Seta long, brownish, smooth;
 capsule oblong, curved, asymmetric, contracted below mouth when dry;
 operculum long-beaked, the beak recurved; annulus present, quickly shed;
 peristome double. Spores slightly papillose, 10-13 p.
 HABITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, occasionally limestone.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread throughout the state.

             HOMALOTHECIELLA

  Plants small and delicate, rich green, glossy; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, ends of branches often curving when dry. Leaves
crowded, overlapping, concave, ovate, acuminate; margins plane or some-
what inrolled, slightly toothed above alar region to apex; costa ending
about mid-leaf; median and upper leaf cells narrowly linear-rhomboidal,
shorter at margin; cells in alar region quadrate, numerous, extending
10-12 cells along the margin. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves larger, with
longer acumination. Seta elongate, reddish-brown, conspicuously papillose;
calyptra hairy at base (not seen); capsule ovate to oblong, erect or nearly
so, slightly asymmetric, constricted under the mouth; operculum conic,
beaked; peristome double, the segments adhering to teeth; teeth papillose
at tips, transversely barred below.
Leaves abruptly long-acuminate; capsules ovoid, 1.5:1, with one-sided swelling
near  base.. .........- -  -     -    -    -    --......................-.....--......... -------......H.  subcapillata
Leaves gradually tapering to a long tip; capsules cylindric, 2:1 or longer, without
a swelling --- -...........t......_.... ......-.. .. ........ .._  .........   fabronifolia


             BRACHYTHECIACEAE        75
the upper dorsal side has been referred to Oxyrrhynchium rappii Wins.
(Eurhynchium   rappii [Wms.] Grout). Intergradations between this and
the typical O. hians, with a single terminal spine, sometimes occur on the
same plants. I have not been able to distinguish the peristome difference
as described. Therefore, I have not recognized O. rappii as a species or,
for that matter, as a clear-cut variety.


             RHYNCHOSTEGIUM
        Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.) PLATE 79
               Jaeg. & Sauerb.
        Eurhynchium serrulatum   (Hedw.) Kindb.
 Plants in wide, loose, pale yellowish-green mats, somewhat glossy;
 stems irregularly pinnately branching. Leaves somewhat flattened in one
plane, spreading, concave, slightly decurrent, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly
long-acuminate, the apex usually twisted; margins plane, toothed almost
to the bases; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear,
6-10:1, apical cells shorter; basal cells rectangular, not forming a con-
spicuous group at the basal angles. Autoicous. Seta long, brownish, smooth;
capsule oblong, curved, asymmetric, contracted below mouth when dry;
operculum long-beaked, the beak recurved; annulus present, quickly shed;
pcristome double. Spores slightly papillose, 10-13 p.
  HAB1TAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, occasionally limestone.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread throughout the state.

             HOMALOTHECIELLA

  Plants small and delicate, rich green, glossy; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, ends of branches often curving when dry. Leaves
crowded, overlapping, concave, ovate, acuminate; margins plane or some-
what inrolled, slightly toothed above alar region to apex; costa ending
about mid-leaf; median and upper leaf cells narrowly linear-rhomboidal,
shorter at margin; cells in alar region quadrate, numerous, extending
10-12 cells along the margin. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves larger, with
longer acumination. Seta elongate, reddish-brown, conspicuously papillose;
calyptra hairy at base (not seen); capsule ovate to oblong, erect or nearly
so, slightly asymmetric, constricted under the mouth; operculum conic,
beaked; peristome double, the segments adhering to teeth; teeth papillose
at tips, transversely barred below.
Leaves abruptly long-acuminate; capsules ovoid, 1.5:1, with one-sided swelling
near bas.---.__...--.H. subcapillata
Leaves gradually tapering to a long tip; capsules cylindric, 2:1 or longer, without
a swelling------------.------.. -............._.._..H. fabronifolia


             B RACHYTHECIACEAE       75
the upper dorsal side has been referred to Oxyrrhynchium rappii Wms.
(Eurhybrnhium rappii [Wms.] Grout). Intergradations between this and
the typical O. hians, with a single terminal spine, sometimes occur on the
same plants. I have not been able to distinguish the peristome difference
as described. Therefore, I have not recognized O. rappii as a species or,
for that matter, as a clear-cut variety.


             RHYNCHOSTEGIUI


Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.)
       Jaeg. & Sauerb.
Eurhynchium serrulatum (Hedw.) Kindb.


PLATE 79


Plants in wide, loose, pale yellowish-green mats, somewhat glossy;
stems irregularly pinnately branching. Leaves somewhat flattened in one
plane, spreading, concave, slightly decurrent, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly
long-acuminate, the apex usually twisted; margins plane, toothed almost
to the bases; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear,
6-10:1, apical cells shorter; basal cells rectangular, not forming a con-
spicuous group at the basal angles. Autoicous. Seta long, brownish, smooth;
capsule oblong, curved, asymmetric, contracted below mouth when dry;
operculum long-beaked, the beak recurved; annulus present, quickly shed;
peristome double. Spores slightly papillose, 10-13 p.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, decayed wood, occasionally limestone.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread throughout the state.

             HOMALOTHECIE LLA
  Plants small and delicate, rich green, glossy; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, ends of branches often curving when dry. Leaves
crowded, overlapping, concave, ovate, acuminate; margins plane or some-
what inrolled, slightly toothed above alar region to apex; costa ending
about mid-leaf; median and upper leaf cells narrowly linear-rhomboidal,
shorter at margin; cells in alar region quadrate, numerous, extending
10-12 cells along the margin. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves larger, with
longer acumination. Seta elongate, reddish-brown, conspicuously papillose;
calyptra hairy at base (not seen); capsule ovate to oblong, erect or nearly
so, slightly asymmetric, constricted under the mouth; operculum conic,
beaked; peristome double, the segments adhering to teeth; teeth papillose
at tips, transversely barred below.
Leaves abruptly long-acuminate; capsules ovoid, 1.5:1, with one-sided swelling
near base--.........................-- --- .............-----H. subcapillata
Leaves gradually tapering to a long tip; capsules cylindric, 2:1 or longer, without
a swelling ..  ---------.H. fabronifolia



76          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
     Homalotheciella subcapillata (Hedw.) Card.         PLATE 76
 Plants in thin, glossy, light-green mats; stems branching irregularly.
Leaves loosely overlapping when dry, sometimes curved in one direction,
concave, ovate, abruptly long-acuminate; margins plane, slightly toothed
almost to base; costa extending to mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear-
fusiform, about 8:1, the marginal row shorter; cells in tip shorter and
broader; large area of small, quadrate, chlorophyllose cells extending
10-12 cells along the margin. Perichaetial leaves larger, more gradually
and slenderly acuminate, costa short and inconspicuous. Seta about 1 cm
long, reddish-brown, papillose; capsule ovate, about 1.5: 1, erect or
slightly inclined and asymmetric, narrowing toward mouth and base, with
a swcling at one side of the base, papillose at base where it joins the
seta; operculum short, conic, beaked; annulus present; peristome double,
teeth slender, papillose above, barred below, the segments adhering to
the tips and forming more or less hyaline margins along edges of the
teeth between the joints.
  HABITAT: On bark, hardwoods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Leon, Seminole Counties.
Not common.

     Homalotheciella fabronifolia (Grout) Broth. PLATE 77
  Closely resembling H. subcapillata. Leaves more gradually tapering to
the slender tips; cells in basal angles larger and more sharply defined.
Capsules cylindric, 2:1 or longer, not conspicuously narrowed at the
mouth, without basal swelling. Spores smooth, thick-walled, 26 a.
  HABITAT: On bark of hardwoods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Thomasville, Georgia (Thomas County, about 35
miles from Tallahassee).
  Florida: Gadsden, Jefferson, Seminole Counties.

             CLIMACIACEAE
  Plants large, dark green, more or less dendroid from a creeping primary
stem; numerous filamentous paraphyllia on branches and stems. Leaves
large, overlapping, broadly ovate-lanceolate, auriculate; margins plane,
inrolled at base, coarsely toothed at apex, slightly toothed at base; costa
strong, ending several cells below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal,
up to 7:1. Branch leaves smaller and narrower.

                CLIMACIUM
           Climacium americanum Brid. PLATE 80
  Plants robust, reaching 6-7 cm high, dark blackish-green; primary


76          MOSSES OF FLORIDA

     Homalotheciella subcapillata (Hedw.) Card.         PLATE 76
 Plants in thin, glossy, light-green mats; stems branching irregularly.
Leaves loosely overlapping when dry, sometimes curved in one direction,
concave, ovate, abruptly long-acuminate; margins plane, slightly toothed
almost to base; costa extending to mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear-
fusiform, about 8:1, the marginal row shorter; cells in tip shorter and
broader; large area of small, quadrate, chlorophyllose cells extending
10-12 cells along the margin. Perichaetial leaves larger, more gradually
and slenderly acuminate, costa short and inconspicuous. Seta about 1 cm
long, reddish-brown, papillose; capsule ovate, about 1.5:I, erect or
slightly inclined and asymmetric, narrowing toward mouth and base, with
a swelling at one side of the base, papillose at base where it joins the
seta; operculum short, conic, beaked; annulus present; peristome double,
teeth slender, papillose above, barred below, the segments adhering to
the tips and forming more or less hyaline margins along edges of the
teeth between the joints.
  HAEITAT: On bark, hardwoods.
  DISTRIEUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Leon, Seminole Counties.
Not common.

     Homalotheciella fabronifolia (Grout) Broth. PLATE 77
  Closely resembling H. subcapillata. Leaves more gradually tapering to
the slender tips; cells in basal angles larger and more sharply defined.
Capsules cylindric, 2:1 or longer, not conspicuously narrowed at the
mouth, without basal swelling. Spores smooth, thick-walled, 26 p.
  HABITAT: On bark of hardwoods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Thomasville, Georgia (Thomas County, about 35
miles from Tallahassee).
  Florida: Gadsden, Jefferson, Seminole Counties.

             CLI MACIACEAE
  Plants large, dark green, more or less dendroid from a creeping primary
stem; numerous filamentous paraphyllia on branches and stems. Leaves
large, overlapping, broadly ovate-lanceolate, auriculate; margins plane,
inrolled at base, coarsely toothed at apex, slightly toothed at base; costa
strong, ending several cells below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal,
up to 7:1. Branch leaves smaller and narrower.

                CLIMACIUM


76


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


     Homalotheciella subcapillata (Hedw.) Card.           PLATE 76
 Plants in thin, glossy, light-green mats; stems branching irregularly.
 Leaves loosely overlapping when dry, sometimes curved in one direction,
concave, ovate, abruptly long-acuminate; margins plane, slightly toothed
almost to base; costa extending to mid-leaf; median leaf cells linear-
fusiform, about 8:1, the marginal row shorter; cells in tip shorter and
broader; large area of small, quadrate, chlorophvllose cells extending
10-12 cells along the margin. Perichactial leaves larger, more gradually
and slenderly acuminate, costa short and inconspicuous. Seta about 1 cm
long, reddish-brown, papillose; capsule ovate, about 1.5: , erect or
slightly inclined and asymmetric, narrowing toward mouth and base, with
a swelling at one side of the base, papillose at base where it joins the
seta; operculum short, conic, beaked; annulus present; peristome double,
teeth slender, papillose above, barred below, the segments adhering to
the tips and forming more or less hyaline margins along edges of the
teeth between the joints.
  HABITAT: On bark, hardwoods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Leon, Seminole Counties.
Not common.

     Homalotheciella fabronifolia (Grout) Broth.          PLATE 77
  Closely resembling H. subcapillata. Leaves more gradually tapering to
the slender tips; cells in basal angles larger and more sharply defined.
Capsules cylindric, 2:1 or longer, not conspicuously narrowed at the
mouth, without basal swelling. Spores smooth, thick-walled, 26 p.
  HAEITAT: On bark of hardwoods.
  DISTRIBUTION: Thomasville, Georgia (Thomas County, about 35
miles from Tallahassee).
  Florida: Gadsden, Jefferson, Seminole Counties.

             CLIMACIACEAE
  Plants large, dark green, more or less dendroid from a creeping primary
stem; numerous filamentous paraphyllia on branches and stems. Leaves
large, overlapping, broadly ovate-lanceolate, auriculate; margins plane,
inrolled at base, coarsely toothed at apex, slightly toothed at base; costa
strong, ending several cells below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal,
up to 7:1. Branch leaves smaller and narrower.

                CLIMACIUM
           Climacium americanum Brid. PLATE 80
  Plants robust, reaching 6-7 cm high, dark blackish-green; primary


Climacium  americanum   Brid.


PLATE 80


Plants robust, reaching 6-7 cm high, dark blackish-green; primary



ENTODONTACEAE


77


stems slender and creeping, producing closely tufted branches which may
be prostrate or dendroid. Lower leaves on main upright stems small and
scale-like; upper leaves closely overlapping, large, longitudinally wrinkled,
broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a coarsely toothed, blunt
tip, auriculate, slightly toothed at base; costa strong, ending several cells
below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal, variable even on same plant,
sometimes 5-7: 1, mostly shorter (2-4:1), cells of auricles smaller and
shorter; cells across insertion yellow to bright orange. Branch leaves
smaller, narrower, auricles less conspicuous. Not fruiting in Florida.
Almost all of the Florida collections lack the pronounced dendroid
appearance of the typical northern C. americanum, and because of their
lax form have been referred previously to C. kindbergii (R. & C.) Grout,
The difference in length of median leaf cells between these two species
as described by Grout is not constant; the same plant, and sometimes the
same leaf, may have the shorter cells (2-3: 1) of C. kindbergii and the
longer cells characteristic of C. americanum  (5-7: 1). I therefore agree
with Crum and Anderson, et al., that C. kindbergii is not a good species,
and have referred all Florida collections to C. americanum.
  HABITAT: On stumps, rotten logs, or stream banks, mostly in swamps;
often submerged after rains.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Duval,
Escambia, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hillsborough, Holmes,
Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Nassau, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk,
Sumter, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.


            ENTODONTACEAE
                ENTODON
  Plants creeping, irregularly pinnately branching, branches julaceous
or flattened; glossy. Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate,
crowded and pressed close to stem, concave; margins entire, slightly
toothed at apex; ecostate or costa short and double; median leaf cells
smooth, linear, apical cells shorter, large area of quadrate hyaline cells
at basal angles. Monoicous. Seta long, smooth, yellow to red; capsule
cylindric, erect, symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum conic; an-
nulus present or absent; peristome inserted below mouth of capsule, teeth
jointed and with strong vertical or horizontal markings, segmsents slender,
linear, cilia rudimentary or absent.
1. Plants julaceous; leaves abruptly apiculate; seta reel; annulus present.
                                 E. seductrix
1. Plants flattened; leaves gradually acuminate
  2. Seta red; annulus present E. cladorrhizans
  2. Seta  yellow;  annulus  absent. . ...... .. .......................E. macropus


              ENTODONTACEAE          77
stems slender and creeping, producing closely tufted branches which may
be prostrate or dendroid. Lower leaves on main upright stems small and
scale-like; upper leaves closely overlapping, large, longitudinally wrinkled,
broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a coarsely toothed, blunt
tip, auriculate, slightly toothed at base; costa strong, ending several cells
below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal, variable even on same plant,
sometimes 5-7:1, mostly shorter (2-4:1), cells of auricles smaller and
shorter; cells across insertion yellow  to bright orange. Branch leaves
smaller, narrower, auricles less conspicuous. Not fruiting in Florida.
  Almost all of the Florida collections lack the pronounced dendroid
appearance of the typical northern C. americanum, and because of their
lax form have been referred previously to C. kindbergii (R. & C.) Grout.
The difference in length of median leaf cells between these two species
as described by Grout is not constant; the same plant, and sometimes the
same leaf, may have the shorter cells (2-3:1) of C. kindbergii and the
longer cells characteristic of C. americanum (5-7:1). I therefore agree
with Crum and Anderson, et al., that C. kindbergii is not a good species,
and have referred all Florida collections to C. americanum.
  HABITAT: On stumps, rotten logs, or stream banks, mostly in swamps;
often submerged after rains.
  DIsTR1BUT1ON: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Duval,
Escambia, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hillsborough, Holmes,
Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Nassau, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk,
Sumter, Taylor, Whakulla Counties.

            ENTODONTACEAE
                ENTODON
  Plants creeping, irregularly pinnately branching, branches julaceous
or flattened; glossy. Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate,
crowded and pressed close to stem, concave; margins entire, slightly
toothed at apex; ecostate or costa short and double; median leaf cells
smooth, linear, apical cells shorter, large area of quadrate hyaline cells
at basal angles. Mionoicous. Seta long, smooth, yellow to red; capsule
cylindric, erect, symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum     conic; an-
nulus present or absent; peristome inserted below mouth of capsule, teeth
jointed and with strong vertical or horizontal markings, segments slender,
linear, cilia rudimentary or absent.
1. Plants julaceous; leaves abruptly apiculate; seta red; annulus present..............
                                 E. seductrix


              ENTODONTACEAE          77

stems slender and creeping, producing closely tufted branches which may
be prostrate or dendroid. Lower leaves on main upright stems small and
scale-like; upper leaves closely overlapping, large, longitudinally wrinkled,
broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to a coarsely toothed, blunt
tip, auriculate, slightly toothed at base; costa strong, ending several cells
below apex; median leaf cells rhomboidal, variable even on same plant,
sometimes 5-7:1, mostly shorter (2-4:1), cells of auricles smaller and
shorter; cells across insertion yellow to bright orange. Branch leaves
smaller, narrower, auricles less conspicuous. Not fruiting in Florida.
Almost all of the Florida collections lack the pronounced dendroid
appearance of the typical northern C. americanum, and because of their
lax form have been referred previously to C. kindbergii (R. & C.) Grout.
The difference in length of median leaf cells between these two species
as described by Grout is not constant; the same plant, and sometimes the
same leaf, mar have the shorter cells (2-3: 1) of C. kindbergii and the
longer cells characteristic of C. americanum (5-7:1). I therefore agree
with Crum and Anderson, et al., that C. kindbergii is not a good species,
and have referred all Florida collections to C. americanum.
  HABITAT: On stumps, rotten logs, or stream banks, mostly in swamps;
often submerged after rains.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Duval,
Escambia, Gadsden, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hillsborough, Holmes,
Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Nassau, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk,
Sumter, Taylor, W akulla Counties.


            ENTODONTACEAE
                ENTODON
  Plants creeping, irregularly pinnately branching, branches julaceous
or flattened; glossy. Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apiculate,
crowded and pressed close to stem, concave; margins entire, slightly
toothed at apex; ecostate or costa short and double; median leaf cells
smooth, linear, apical cells shorter, large area of quadrate hyaline cells
at basal angles. Monoicous. Seta long, smooth, yellow      to red; capsule
cylindric, erect, symmetric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum    conic; an-
nulus present or absent; peristome inserted below mouth of capsule, teeth
jointed and with strong vertical or horizontal markings, segments slender,
linear, cilia rudimentary or absent.
1. Plants julaceous; leaves abruptly apiculate; seta red; annulus present.............
                                 E. seductrix


1. Plants flattened; leaves gradually acuminate
  2. Seta red; annulus present.
  2. Seta yellow; annulus absent.


             1. Plants flattened; leaves gradually acuminate
.E. cladorrhizans 2. Seta red; annulus present ..
.......E. macropus          2. Seta yellow; annulus absent.-...-  ...


E. cladorrhizans
.......E. macropus



78           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

         Entodon seductrix (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 81
 Plants robust, in widely spreading, glossy, yellow-green mats, often
having a reddish tinge; stems irregularly pinnately branched, julaceous.
Leaves crowded, broadly elliptical to ovate, abruptly apiculate; margins
plane, entire or slightly toothed at apex, reflexed at base and sometimes
at tip; costa short and double; median leaf cells linear, 8-12:1, apical
cells rhombic, shorter; large area of quadrate cells in alar region and
extending well up the margins. Perichaetial leaves smaller, narrower, and
with a long slender acumination. Seta red; capsules reddish-brown, cylin-
dric, erect; operculum conic, beaked; annulus of 1-2 rows of small in-
flated cells; peristome teeth papillose at tips, barred at base, with a
distinct median line, the segments about as long as teeth. Spores yellowish,
slightly papillose, about 16 p.
  HABITAT: On roots and soil, around bases of trees, stones, decaying
wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread throughout the state. Alachua,
Calhoun, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden,
Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.

       Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 82
  Stems and branches very flat, glossy, yellowish-green, curved upward
at tips. Leaves concave, broadly ovate, narrowing gradually to an acute
apex; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear, 10-15: 1;
apical cells rhombic, shorter; cells in basal angles quadrate to short-
rectangular, extending several rows up the margin. Stem leaves larger
and more abruptly acute than branch leaves. Seta red; capsules brown,
cylindric, erect; operculum short, conic, beaked; annulus large, conspicu-
ous, soon shed; peristome as in E. seductrix. Spores yellowish, papillose,
12-14 p.
  HABITAT: Tree trunks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.
  This single collection was made by R. A. Pursell at Natural Bridge.

         Entodon macropus (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 83
       Entodon drummondii (BSG) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants very flat, in thin, glossy, yellowish-green, irregularly branching
mats; ends of branches slightly hooked. Leaves concave, oblong- to ovate-
lanceolate, gradually tapering to a short acute apex; margins plane,
toothed at apex; costa short and double, inconspicuous; median leaf cells
linear-flexuous, about 15:1, apical cells shorter; basal cells quadrate to


78          MOSSES OF FLORIDA

         Entodon seductrix (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 81
 Plants robust, in widely spreading, glossy, yellow-green mats, often
having a reddish tinge; stems irregularly pinnately branched, julaceous.
Leaves crowded, broadly elliptical to ovate, abruptly apiculate; margins
plane, entire or slightly toothed at apex, reflexed at base and sometimes
at tip; costa short and double; median leaf cells linear, 8-12:1, apical
cells rhombic, shorter; large area of quadrate cells in alar region and
extending well up the margins. Perichaetial leaves smaller, narrower, and
with a long slender acumination. Seta red; capsules reddish-brown, cylin-
dric, erect; operculum conic, beaked; annulus of 1-2 rows of small in-
flated cells; peristome teeth papillose at tips, barred at base, with a
distinct median line, the segments about as long as teeth. Spores yellowish,
slightly papillose, about 16 p.
  HABITAT: On roots and soil, around bases of trees, stones, decaying
wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread throughout the state. Alachua,
Calhoun, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden,
Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.

       Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 82
  Stems and branches very flat, glossy, yellowish-green, curved upward
at tips. Leaves concave, broadly ovate, narrowing gradually to an acute
apex; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear, 10-15: 1;
apical cells rhombic, shorter; cells in basal angles quadrate to short-
rectangular, extending several rows up the margin. Stem leaves larger
and more abruptly acute than branch leaves. Seta red; capsules brown,
cylindric, erect; operculum short, conic, beaked; annulus large, conspicu-
ous, soon shed; peristome as in E. seductrix. Spores yellowish, papillose,
12-14 p.
  HABITAT: Tree trunks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.
  This single collection was made by R. A. Pursell at Natural Bridge.

         Entodon macropus (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 83
       Entodon drummondii (BSG) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants very flat, in thin, glossy, yellowish-green, irregularly branching
mats; ends of branches slightly hooked. Leaves concave, oblong- to ovate-
lanceolate, gradually tapering to a short acute apex; margins plane,
toothed at apex; costa short and double, inconspicuous; median leaf cells
linear-flexuous, about 15:1, apical cells shorter; basal cells quadrate to


78


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


         Entodon seductrix (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 81
 Plants robust, in widely spreading, glossy, yellow-green mats, often
having a reddish tinge; stems irregularly pinnately branched, julaceous.
Leaves crowded, broadly elliptical to ovate, abruptly apiculate; margins
plane, entire or slightly toothed at apex, reflexed at base and sometimes
at tip; costa short and double; median leaf cells linear, 8-12:1, apical
cells rhombic, shorter; large area of quadrate cells in alar region and
extending well up the margins. Perichaetial leaves smaller, narrower, and
with a long slender acumination. Seta red; capsules reddish-brown, cylin-
dric, erect; operculum conic, beaked; annulus of 1-2 rows of small in-
flated cells; peristome teeth papillose at tips, barred at base, with a
distinct median line, the segments about as long as teeth. Spores yellowish,
slightly papillose, about 16 p.
  HABITAT: On roots and soil, around bases of trees, stones, decaying
wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread throughout the state. Alachua,
Calhoun, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden,
Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.

       Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 82
  Stems and branches very flat, glossy, yellowish-green, curved upward
at tips. Leaves concave, broadly ovate, narrowing gradually to an acute
apex; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear, 10-15: 1;
apical cells rhombic, shorter; cells in basal angles quadrate to short-
rectangular, extending several rows up the margin. Stem leaves larger
and more abruptly acute than branch leaves. Seta red; capsules brown,
cylindric, erect; operculum short, conic, beaked; annulus large, conspicu-
ous, soon shed; peristome as in E. seductrix. Spores yellowish, papillose,
12-14 p.
  HABITAT: Tree trunks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon County.
  This single collection was made by R. A. Pursell at Natural Bridge.

         Entodon macropus (Hedw.) C. M. PLATE 83
       Entodon drummondii (BSG) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants very flat, in thin, glossy, yellowish-green, irregularly branching
mats; ends of branches slightly hooked. Leaves concave, oblong- to ovate-
lanceolate, gradually tapering to a short acute apex; margins plane,
toothed at apex; costa short and double, inconspicuous; median leaf cells
linear-flexuous, about 15:1, apical cells shorter; basal cells quadrate to



                     HYPN CEAE79

shast-rectangular, filling almost all the leaf base bat not extending as
fan np she macgins as in she ashes 2 spsecies. Stem leases shostes andI
broades titan Stanch leaves, ssiths mate nnmesaus smsall cells at basal
angles. Seta height vellasw; catpsnles brcosnish, cylindrsic, erect; apercalam
sheet, cents, beaked; annalas absent, bat manth of eapsale bordesed by
thick-stalled cells; mashings an peristame seeds peesminent, veetically
bacred abase and teansveesely barsed at base. Sposessellosw, slightly
papilloseabaut 12 a.
  HAnITAT: On bases of trees, sail, decasingssaesd, accasionally an
limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Plarida: Alachua, Citcus, Dade, Escasmbia, Cads-
den, Heenande, Hlighlands, Halmes, Jacksn, Jetffeson, Lean, Less, Lib-
erty, Maeian, Oeange, Passe, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, Smter, Volusia,
Wsakalls Caanties.


              HYPNACEAE
  Plants rathee slender, in laose to dense mats, somtetinses glassy; stems
creeping, pinnately beanching. Leases symmetrc as asmmetrc, asate ta
oatae-lasteolata, acnminate, spreading, soetimes cussed anal tuneed in
aneslirectian;eaosta shoetandlslauble orabsesst;nuppaelaeellselsgate,
smoathaerdassally papillose by psajectians at usppes cell angles; cells in
basal angles differentiated, aithes small and snbqaadsate ae inflated and
hy almae. Sets lasng, smaoth; capsssle eseca, inclisned, ae horeizantal, ovaisd
in cylindeic; annalas asually presant; opercualnum conic, shast-aipped;
peristame sdosble.

               KEe cc CENERnA
1. Cells in besat angles lacne, inflated, hyaline, forming ansiles  ..._.-- Hypnta
t. Cells is basal angtes smagl, subquasdratesto quadrate
  2. Leai ellslax;sblona-hexaaonaltola;laeslimorpic    Pesiseleala
  2. Leaieltls nostas;elogate;laesnniform
    3. Capls papiltose en Sack by araiecting call anals  .ttittaastbanisn
    3. CelssmoothS(apicalelltsanoughn dsal srfaceinTaiphyllun)
      4. Plans small; iseaves small, entice arslihtly seethed abase; ease-
      pbyllia absent
        5.Casles inclined to horizontal; single sass at lace cells ecantss
        teat base .-- --------t.......... ............... soptteiun
        5. Capsules seelto araly so
        a. Pnlasged cells in alas segian nuerasas; teat apes broadly
           ad abruptly acaminate_... ---.....Pleetabaci
         6. Enlasged cells in alas region fan, sometimes inflated; lai
           aces gradusally ast narroslytsttsringa  .       ylasia
      4. Plants coases; leases lasses, somewbat astmmetric; mtargins teethed,
        at Iest at apex; paraphyllia eften conspicuous
        5. Leases flattened, nidely speaing Tasisbttltsn
        5. Leases net flattened, tips eastved in sac directeon......._ .
        . ............................_...._..........PEctropotbeciun


                     HYPN CEAE79

shost-rectangala, filling aimest all the leaf base bns not estending as
far ap the macgins as in the other 2 species. bSes leae s shartes and
broader than branch leases, swith snore namerous sasl cells at basal
angles. beta height sellow; caissules beenaish, cylindric, erect; operculum
shert, cents, beaked; annulus absent, best month of csapsule bordesed St
thick-nwailed cells,-marings en perissoene teeth prssniann, sereicalls
bassesd save and tcantsversely harred at hatse. Spoessyellows, slightls
papilloe, aboas 12 p.
  HAnITAT: On bases of tres, sail, decaying need, occasioalls an
limsstone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Cites, Dade, Escambia, Cads-
den, Hernando, Highlands, Dalmes, Jacson, Jeffeson, Lean, Lesy, Lib-
eclv, Marion, Oranga, Pats, Pinellas, Polk, Sesnole, Senses, Velesia,
Wakuhela Countias.


              HYPNACEAE
  Plants sathes slendes, in lease to dense mats, soetinses glassy; stems
ceepinsg, ipinnately branching. Leases symmetric as asymmateic, osate to
osate-laneolate,acasminate, speading,soeimesesurvedsnd leuened in
onnsdirection;ecosta shortand dobleoabsen;pperlelea lslngae,
smooth as dosalit paptillose by psojections at upper cell angles; cells in
basal angles differentiated, eithes small and snbquadrate as inflated and
hyaline. beta long, smooth; capsule asses, inclined, as harizoneal, assist
tn cylindric; annulus usually present; operculan conic, short-tippesd;
peristome dostble.

               tKEe an GEsNA
1. Cells in basal angles lasge, inflatsd, hyatin, forsming ausicles..t.lypantt
1. Cells in basal angles snail, subquadrate so quate
  a. teaficells tax;tbogeagastolnear;leaas iopi     ta.Vsentacia
  2. Lsafisellsnota; elogae; leas uniforem
    3. Cells papillose en bask by proetntg sell angles  5i5,tstattta
    3. Cellsssmootb (apicalceltlssruganaadosal sfaein Taiphllun)
      4. Planss small; teases small, sentiee as slightly toashed abase; pasa-
      pbyllia absent
        5. Capuelssinclindstohorizontal;tsingetrowsofiageelseaerss
        teat base--                   ...spesygia
        5. Capsnlessserecrnarly so
        6. Pnlarged sells in alas region anereus; lest apex broadly
           and abruptly acuminast...Plstyatsiatt
         6. Enlared sellt in alas region lea, sometines inflated; teal
           apes grasdually and narrswly tapering Pylaisia
      4. Plants coaser; leases larger, eomeabas asymmnetic; macalesseesthel,
        as lest as apes; paraphyllia often conspicuous
        5. Leases flattened, aitelvepeadice -Taxiplh, Pen
        5. Leases nat flattened, tips cusrted in oes directioe..-----_.
           .P.....    .................  _ ... . .. .Ectropotheciu mt


               HYPACEAE                         79

shost-rctsangua, filling almost all the leaf base bat not extendinsg as
fat asp the esargins as in she ashes 2 species. Steet leaves shartes andi
broader than branchs leaves, wcith mass numaerous small cells at basal
angles. bela height yellow; capsules beenwnish, atylindris, erect; oipaelun
sheet, annie, beaked; annulus absen, hut moash of capsule bordered by
thick-wsalled cells; marbings en peristeme teeth pronsinent, v ertically
barred abne and transersely bassed at base. Spates sellnsw, slightly
papillose, absut 12 p.
  HAnsTeT: On bases of tees, sail, dcayingsswood, occasioally an
limsatsone.
  DISTRIBUCION: Florisda: Alachua, Cisras, Dade, Escambia, Cads-
desn, Hernansd, Highlands, Hnlmes, Jacson, Jeffecrssn, Lean, Levy, Lib-
erty, Macinn, Oraega, Passe, Pinellas, Polk, Semtinole, beates, VI sia,
0 skssl Cassettes.


              HYPNACEAE
  Plants sashes slender, in lease en dense mats, soemhes glassy; stems
steeping, pienaly branching. Leaves symmetric as assmnetcli, seals to
esate-laneolate, acuminate, spreading, sometimtsessurved aed tucned in
see dirctsioe; casts sheet and double oreabsent; uppiereleaf sells eongate,
smoths an dorsalls papillse b projecsions ofl upper call angles; calls in
basal angles differetiated, eieher smsall andi sublqsaraeorinflatedtandl
hyalin. Seta long, smsooth; captsule eases, inclinedt, as horizontal, assit
In cylindric; annals asuailsy presen; opecussums conic, sheet-tipped;
pasisloe dnnble.

               tKEe an CEsNA
1. Cells in basal angles iarge, inflated, hyaine, foreming ausisles . Ht------_pasa
1. Calls in basal angls snal, subquadratosquadrate
  2. Leaftellstlax;bonge- xagoalstohlasav;tsasdieepi   .Psstetaia
  2. Leaflcellsnotila; etangase; leavessuniform
    3. Calls papillose at back by preting sell angles.._Misteaetsamaisa
    3. Petit smooth (apicalacallssroughaondosal sufacein Tsiphyttnn)
      4. Plants small; leases small, entice as slightly tasthed abase; pats-
      pltellia absent
        5. Capsues inchined to hosizntal; single sate of lare cells asross
        leaf base ..----..............................Ispteygiumt
        5. Capts  ses r c early so
        6. Enlarged sells in alas region anesous; lest apes broadby
           and abruptly aesminase.       .__ ___... Pltvssbsn
         6. Elarged scls in alas region flea, somesimes inflated; leafl
           apes gradually and arrowaly tapering  _....   .Plii
      a. Plants soarser; leases lasger, somewhat asymmaeti; macgins teethed,
        as least at apes; pasapbvliia oftsenconspicuous
        5. Leases flathenad, widely sprading TsstpbPenm
        5. Leases net flattened, sips ceased in one direton..-.......
        .P............  .. _ _.___.__._........ ....  Etr p othectn



No           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
                HYPNUM

            Hypnum lindbergii Mitt. PLATE 84
         Hypnum    arcuatum   Lindb. in Hartm.
 Plants in rather coarse, loose, glossy, yellowish-green mats, brownish
below; stems irregularly pinnately branching, the ends of stems and
branches hooked or curved; cortical cells of stem conspicuous, large,
hyaline. Leaves curved in one direction, concave, sometimes longitudinally
wrinkled, ovate, gradually acuminate to acute, the tips flat or channeled
and turning downward; margins plane, inrolled or folded, entire or
slightly toothed at apex, entire below; costa short and double or absent;
median leaf cells linear-fusiform, 10-12:1 or longer; apical cells rhom-
boidal, 1-2: 1; basal cells short and broad, sometimes pitted, yellow to
orange, a large conspicuous area of inflated, hyaline cells forming decur-
rent auricles at basal angles, with 2-3 rows of smaller, yellowish-brown
cells just above the inflated cells. No fruiting material from Florida seen.
  IABITAT: On soil or decayed wood in wet places.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden,
Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Madison,
Manatee, Marion, Santa Rosa, Wakulla Counties.

               VESICULARIA
  Plants in thin, pale green or yellowish mats; stems more or less regu-
larly pinnately branching, the branches spreading, and mostly flattened.
Leaves differentiated into dorsal and ventral. Dorsal leaves widely spread-
ing, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, erect or curved; margins more or less
toothed at tip, entire below; costa short and double or absent; leaf cells
lax, oblong-hexagonal, sometimes with an elongated marginal row forming
a weak border; basal cells shorter and broader, not forming auricles.
Ventral branch leaves much smaller and narrower.
This is a difficult group, not well understood. The genus resembles
Ectropothecium   rather closely. In Vesicularia the cells are broader and
shorter and leaves not decurrent. These two genera are in need of careful
study. Earlier works treated them together as Ectropothecium.
1. Branch leaves more or less flattened, not curved
  2. Upper cells of branch leaves 2-4:1, leaves not bordered by a row of narrow-
    er  cells_.. . ..------.-._.  .  .. -... ._- -.-...........V. vesicularis
  2. Upper ceIls of branch leaves 5-7:1; leaves weakly bordered by a row of
    narrower cells. ......... .......... - - V. amphibola
1. Branch leaves scarcely flattened
  2. Plants delicate; tips of stems and branches curved; leaves slender, long-
    acuminate, upper leaf cells 3-5:1 .... V. poeppigiana
  2. Plants rather robust; branch leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
    strongly  curved; upper  leaf cells about 2:1....._..................V. crassicaulis


80           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

                HYPNUM

           Hypnum lindbergii Mitt.
         Hypnum arcuatum Lindb. in Hartm.


80


    MOSSES OF FLORIDA
       HYPN UAt

   Hypsum lindbergii Mitt.
Hypnum arcuatum Lindb. in Hartmn.


PLATE 84


PLATE 84


Plants in rather coarse, loose, glossy, yellowish-green mats, brownish
below; stems irregularly pinnately branching, the ends of stems and
branches hooked or curved; cortical cells of stem conspicuous, large,
hyaline. Leaves curved in one direction, concave, sometimes longitudinally
wrinkled, ovate, gradually acumninate to acute, the tips flat or channeled
and turning downward; margins plane, inrolled or folded, entire or
slightly toothed at apex, entire below; costa short and double or absent;
median leaf cells linear-fusiform, 10-12:1 or longer; apical cells rhom-
boidal, 1-2: 1; basal cells short and broad, sometimes pitted, yellow to
orange, a large conspicuous area of inflated, hyaline cells forming decur-
rent auricles at basal angles, with 2-3 rows of smaller, yellowish-brown
cells just above the inflated cells. No fruiting material from Florida seen.
  HABITAT: On soil or decayed wood in wet places.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden,
Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Madison,
Manatee, Marion, Santa Rosa, Wakulla Counties.

               VESICULARIA
  Plants in thin, pale green or yellowish mats; stems more or less regu-
larly pinnately branching, the branches spreading, and mostly flattened.
Leaves differentiated into dorsal and ventral. Dorsal leaves widely spread-
ing, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, erect or curved; margins more or less
toothed at tip, entire below; costa short and double or absent; leaf cells
lax, oblong-hexagonal, sometimes with an elongated marginal row forming
a weak border; basal cells shorter and broader, not forming auricles.
Ventral branch leaves much smaller and narrower.
This is a difficult group, not well understood. The genus resembles
Ectropothecium   rather closely. In Vesicularia the cells are broader and
shorter and leaves not decurrent. These two genera are in need of careful
study. Earlier works treated them together as Ectropothecium.
1. Branch leaves more or less flattened, not curved
  2. Upper cells of branch leaves 2-4:1, leaves not bordered by a row of narrow-
    er cells_..........        _.V. vesicularis
  2. Upper cells of branch leaves 5-7:1; leaves weakly bordered by a row of
    narrower cells- --          V. amphibola
1. Branch leaves scarcely flattened
  2. Plants delicate; tips of stems and branches curved; leaves slender, long-
    acuminate, upper leaf cells 3-5:1 . ... V. poeppigiana
  2. Plants rather robust; branch leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
    strongly  curved; upper  leaf cells  about 2:1....._......................V. crassicaulis


Plants in rather coarse, loose, glossy, yellowish-green mats, brownish
below; stems irregularly pinnately branching, the ends of stems and
branches hooked or curved; cortical cells of stem conspicuous, large,
hyaline. Leaves curved in one direction, concave, sometimes longitudinally
wrinkled, ovate, gradually acuminate to acute, the tips flat or channeled
and turning downward; margins plane, inrolled or folded, entire or
slightly toothed at apex, entire below; costa short and double or absent;
median leaf cells linear-fusiform, 10-12:1 or longer; apical cells rhom-
boidal, 1-2: 1; basal cells short and broad, sometimes pitted, yellow to
orange, a large conspicuous area of inflated, hyaline cells forming decur-
rent auricles at basal angles, with 2-3 rows of smaller, yellowish-brown
cells just above the inflated cells. No fruiting material from Florida seen.
  HABITAT: On soil or decayed wood in wet places.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Escambia, Gadsden,
Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Madison,
Manatee, Marion, Santa Rosa, Wakulla Counties.

               VESICULARIA
  Plants in thin, pale green or yellowish mats; stems rore or less regu-
larly pinnately branching, the branches spreading, and mostly flattened.
Leaves differentiated into dorsal and ventral. Dorsal leaves widely spread-
ing, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, erect or curved; margins more or less
toothed at tip, entire below; costa short and double or absent; leaf cells
lax, oblong-hexagonal, sometimes with an elongated marginal row forming
a weak border; basal cells shorter and broader, not forming auricles.
Ventral branch leaves much smaller and narrower.
This is a difficult group, not well understood. The genus resembles
Ectropothecium   rather closely. In Vesicularia the cells are broader and
shorter and Ileaves not decurrent. These two genera are in need of careful
study. Earlier works treated them together as Ectropothecium.
1. Branch leaves more or less flattened, not curved
  2. Upper cells of branch leaves 2-4:1, leaves not bordered by a row of narrow-
    er  cells-.....-      .....-........ ..........__......_ _................V .  vesicu laris
  2. Upper cells of branch leaves 5-7:1; leaves weakly bordered by a row of
    narrower ce1s---_--------- .--.--.......-V. amphibola
1. Branch leaves scarcely flattened
  2. Plants delicate; tips of stems and branches curved; leaves slender, long-
    acuminate, upper leaf cells 3-5:1 . . . V. poeppigiana
  2. Plants rather robust; branch leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
    strongly curved; upper leaf cells about 2:1 . .        V. crassicaulis



HYPNACEAE


81


     Vesicularia vesicularis (Schwaegr.) Broth.          PLATE 85
 Plants in thin, spreading, yellowish-green mats; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, the branches short and recurved. Stem     leaves small,
asymmetric, curved, with long, recurved tips. Branch leaves flattened,
broadly ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate; ventral branch leaves smaller,
crowded, closely appressed to the stem. Costa faint, short and double, or
absent; cells hexagonal, about 2-4: 1, not narrower or differentiated along
margins; cells in alar region not differentiated. Monoicous. Perichaetial
leaves small, abruptly contracted to a long, slender, recurved tip. Florida
material which I have seen has setae but no capsules.
  HABITAT: On decayed wood, moist limestone or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico to South America.
  Florida: Dade, Orange, Seminole Counties.

        Vesicularia amphibola (Spruce) Broth.
  Plants in thin yellowish-green mats; stems pinnately branching, the
branches short, flattened, and divergent. Dorsal branch leaves ovate-
lanceolate, short-acuminate, finely toothed at apex; cells oblong-hexagonal,
the marginal row narrower and forming an indistinct border. Ventral
branch   leaves slenderly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, upper cells
hexagonal, 5-6:1; basal cells shorter and broader. Costa short and double
or absent. Monoicous. Seta long; capsule small, ovoid, inclined, contracted
under the mouth when dry; operculum short, beaked.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, limestone, rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Dade County.
  This species is difficult to distinguish from V. vesicularis. The row of
narrower marginal cells in leaves of V. amphibola seems to be the most
outstanding difference. Figure 4, Plate 86, shows somewhat narrower
marginal cells, and may represent V. amphibola.

  Vesicularia poeppigiana (Hampe) Crum & Steere PLATE 85
    Vesicularia vesicularis var. poeppigiana (Hampe) Broth.
  Similar to V. vesicularis except more robust, with longer and narrower
leaves, not flattened, somewhat curved at tips, cell arrangement less lax;
cells oblong-hexagonal, 3-5: 1, not narrowed along the margin.
  HABITAT: Rotten wood.
  DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central America.
  Florida: Orange, Seminole Counties.

       Vesicularia crassicaulis (Mitt.) Broth. PLATE 86
  Plants rather robust, in yellowish mats; stems closely pinnately branch-


               HYPNACEAE             81

     Vesicularia vesicularis (Schwaegr.) Broth.          PLATE 85
 Plants in thin, spreading, yellowish-green mats; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, the branches short and recurved. Stem     leaves small,
asymmetric, curved, with long, recurved tips. Branch leaves flattened,
broadly ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate; ventral branch leaves smaller,
crowded, closely appressed to the stem. Costa faint, short and double, or
absent; cells hexagonal, about 2-4:1, not narrower or differentiated along
margins; cells in alar region not differentiated. Monoicous. Perichaetial
leaves small, abruptly contracted to a long, slender, recurved tip. Florida
material which I have seen has setae but no capsules.
  HABrTAT: On decayed wood, moist limestone or soil.
  DIsTRInUTION: West Indies, Mexico to South America.
  Florida: Dade, Orange, Seminole Counties.

        Vesicularia amphibola (Spruce) Broth.
  Plants in thin yellowish-green mats; stems pinnately branching, the
branches short, flattened, and divergent. Dorsal branch leaves ovate-
lanceolate, short-acuminate, finely toothed at apex; cells oblong-bexagonal,
the marginal row narrower and forming an indistinct border. Ventral
branch   leaves slenderly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, upper cells
hexagonal, 5-6:1; basal cells shorter and broader. Costa short and double
or absent. Monoicous. Seta long; capsule small, ovoid, inclined, contracted
under the mouth when dry; operculum short, beaked.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, limestone, rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Dade Coonty.
  This species is difficult to distinguish from V. vesicularis. The row of
narrower marginal cells in leaves of V. amphibola seems to be the most
outstanding difference. Figure 4, Plate 86, shows somewhat narrower
marginal cells, and may represent V. amphibola.

  Vesicularia poeppigiana (Hampe) Crum & Steere PLATE 85
    Vesicularia vesicularis var. poeppigiana (Hampe) Broth.
  Similar to V. vesicularis except more robust, with longer and narrower
leaves, not flattened, somewhat curved at tips, cell arrangement less lax;
cells oblong-hexagonal, 3-5:1, not narrowed along the margin.
  HABITAT: Rotten wood.
  DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central America.
  Florida: Orange, Seminole Counties.

       Vesicularia crassicaulis (Mitt.) Broth. PLATE 86
  Plants rather robust, in yellowish mats; stems closely pinnately branch-


               HYPNACEAE             81

     Vesicularia vesicularis (Schwaegr.) Broth.          PLATE 85
 Plants in thin, spreading, yellowish-green mats; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, the branches short and recurved. Stem leaves small,
asymmetric, curved, with long, recurved tips. Branch leaves flattened,
broadly ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate; ventral branch leaves smaller,
crowded, closely appressed to the stem. Costa faint, short and double, or
absent; cells hexagonal, about 2-4:1, not narrower or differentiated along
margins; cells in alar region not differentiated. Monoicous. Perichaetial
leaves small, abruptly contracted to a long, slender, recurved tip. Florida
material which I have seen has setae but no capsules.
  HABITAT: On decayed wood, moist limestone or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico to South America.
  Florida: Dade, Orange, Seminole Counties.

        Vesicularia amphibola (Spruce) Broth.
  Plants in thin yellowish-green mats; stems pinnately branching, the
branches short, flattened, and divergent. Dorsal branch leaves ovate-
lanceolate, short-acuminate, finely toothed at apex; cells oblong-hexagonal,
the marginal row narrower and forming an indistinct border. Ventral
branch   leaves slenderly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuninate, upper cells
hexagonal, 5-6:1; basal cells shorter and broader. Costa short and double
or absent. Monoicous. Seta long; capsule small, ovoid, inclined, contracted
under the mouth when dry; operculum short, beaked.
  HABITAT: On moist soil, limestone, rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Dade County.
  This species is difficult to distinguish from V. vesicularis. The row of
narrower marginal cells in leaves of V. amphibola seems to be the most
outstanding difference. Figure 4, Plate 86, shows somewhat narrower
marginal cells, and may represent V. amphibola.

  Vesicularia poeppigiana (Hampe) Crum & Steere PLATE 85
    Vesicularia vesicularis var. poeppigiana (Hampe) Broth.
  Similar to V. vesicularis except more robust, with longer and narrower
leaves, not flattened, somewhat curved at tips, cell arrangement less lax;
cells oblong-hexagonal, 3-5:1, not narrowed along the margin.
  HABITAT: Rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central America.
  Florida: Orange, Seminole Counties.

       Vesicularia crassicaulis (Mitt.) Broth. PLATE 86
  Plants rather robust, in yellowish mats; stems closely pinnately branch-



8z           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
ing, not flattened, the branches curved at the apex. Stem leaves crowded,
overlapping, broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, the tip often curved
and pointing downward; margins entire except in tip; upper leaf cells
hexagonal to rhomboidal, about 2:1, the cells lax. Ventral stem leaves
smaller and broader, abruptly acuminate, the tip curved or contorted.
HABITAT: Moist limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central America.
Florida: Dade County.
Merges with V. amphibola; upper marginal cells are elongate, as in
this species. The leaf tip is often curved or hooked.

            MITTENOTHAMNIUM

       Mittenothamnium diminutivum (Hampe) PLATE 86
                E. G. Britt.
  Plants in slender, delicate, loose, yellowish-green mats; stems regularly
pinnately branching, branches short. Stem leaves distant, spreading, ovate-
lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, concave, slightly decurrent; margins
plane, finely toothed almost to base; costa short and double or absent;
cells linear, about 8:1, minutely papillose at upper ends on the dorsal
side; a small group of subquadrate cells at basal angles. Branch leaves
smaller, tip shorter, teeth more prominent. Perichaetial leaves long-
acuminate. Monoicous. Seta long, reddish brown; capsule small, ovoid,
reddish, inclined, constricted under the mouth when dry; operculum
conic; annulus present; peristome double. Spores slightly papillose, 7-10 p.
  HABITAT: On decayed logs or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America, South Africa; Grady County, Georgia (about 20 miles from
Tallahassee).
  Florida: Broward, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Leon, Manatee,
Monroe, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Seminole, Sumter Counties.

              ISOPTERYGIUM

         Isopterygium micans (Sw.) Broth. PLATE 87
         Plagiothecium micans (Sw.) Paris
  Plants usually small, in pale, yellowish mats; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, more or less flattened. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradu-
ally acuminate, often asymmetric and curved to one side; margins entire
to finely toothed; costa absent; median leaf cells fusiform, 9-12:1; apical
cells noticeably much shorter, 1-2: 1; alar region poorly differentiated,
consisting of 4-6 subquadrate cells, occasionally inflated; a conspicuous


82           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

ing, not flattened, the branches curved at the apex. Stem leaves crowded,
overlapping, broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, the tip often curved
and pointing downward; margins entire except in tip; upper leaf cells
hexagonal to rhomboidal, about 2:1, the cells lax. Ventral stem leaves
smaller and broader, abruptly acuminate, the tip curved or contorted.
HAEITAT: Moist limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central America.
Florida: Dade County.
Merges with V. amphibola; upper marginal cells are elongate, as in
this species. The leaf tip is often curved or hooked.

            MITTENOTHAMNIUM

       Miftenothamnium diminutivum (Hampe) PLATE 86
                E. G. Britt.
  Plants in slender, delicate, loose, yellowish-green mats; stems regularly
pinnately branching, branches short. Stem leaves distant, spreading, ovate-
lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, concave, slightly decurrent; margins
plane, finely toothed almost to base; costa short and double or absent;
cells linear, about 8:1, minutely papillose at upper ends on the dorsal
side; a small group of subquadrate cells at basal angles. Branch leaves
smaller, tip shorter, teeth more prominent. Perichaetial leaves long-
acuminate. Monoicous. Seta long, reddish brown; capsule small, ovoid,
reddish, inclined, constricted under the mouth when dry; operculum
conic; annulus present; peristome double. Spores slightly papillose, 7-10 p.
HAsTAT: On decayed logs or limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America, South Africa; Grady County, Georgia (about 20 miles from
Tallahassee).
  Florida: Broward, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Leon, Manatee,
Monroe, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Seminole, Sumter Counties.

              ISOPTERYGIUMI

         Isopterygium micans (Sw.) Broth. PLATE 87
         Plagiothecium  micans (Sw.) Paris
  Plants usually small, in pale, yellowish mats; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, more or less flattened. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradu-
ally acuminate, often asymmetric and curved to one side; margins entire
to finely toothed; costa absent; median leaf cells fusiform, 9-12:1; apical
cells noticeably much shorter, 1-2: 1; alar region poorly differentiated,
consisting of 4-6 subquadrate cells, occasionally inflated; a conspicuous


82


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


ing, not flattened, the branches curved at the apex. Stem leaves crowded,
overlapping, broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, the tip often curved
and pointing downward; margins entire except in tip; upper leaf cells
hexagonal to rhomboidal, about 2:1, the cells lax. Ventral stem leaves
smaller and broader, abruptly acmninate, the tip curved or contorted.
HABITAT: Moist lmestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central America.
Florida: Dade County.
Merges with V. amphibola; upper marginal cells are elongate, as in
this species. The leaf tip is often curved or hooked.

            MITTENOTHAMNIUM

       Mittenothamnium diminutivum (Hampe) PLATE 86
                E. G. Britt.
  Plants in slender, delicate, loose, yellowish-green mats; stems regularly
pinnately branching, branches short. Stem leaves distant, spreading, ovate-
lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, concave, slightly decurrent; margins
plane, finely toothed almost to base; costa short and double or absent;
cells linear, about 8:1, minutely papillose at upper ends on the dorsal
side; a small group of subquadrate cells at basal angles. Branch leaves
smaller, tip shorter, teeth more prominent. Perichaetial leaves long-
acuminate. Monoicous. Seta long, reddish brown; capsule small, ovoid,
reddish, inclined, constricted under the mouth when dry; operculum
conic; annulus present; peristome double. Spores slightly papillose, 7-10 p.
  HABITAT: On decayed logs or limestone.
  DtsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America, South Africa; Grady County, Georgia (about 20 miles from
Tallahassee).
  Florida: Broward, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Leon, Manatee,
Monroe, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Seminole, Sumter Counties.

               ISOPTERYGIUM


Isopterygium   micans (Sw.) Broth.
Plagiothecium  micans (Sw.) Paris


PLATE 87


Plants usually small, in pale, yellowish mats; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, more or less flattened. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradu-
ally acuminate, often asymmetric and curved to one side; margins entire
to finely toothed; costa absent; median leaf cells fusiform, 9-12:1; apical
cells noticeably much shorter, 1-2: 1; alar region poorly differentiated,
consisting of 4-6 subquadrate cells, occasionally inflated; a conspicuous



HYPNACEAE


83


single row of large, almost rectangular cells across the insertion, often
not removed with the leaf. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves narrow, long-
acuminate, finely toothed. Seta long, reddish-brown; capsules small, ovate
to cylindric, inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, contracted under the
mouth when dry; operculum conic, short-apiculate; annulus absent; peri-
stome double. Spores smooth or slightly papillose, about 12-14 p.
HABITAT: On rotten wood, soils, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably the commonest, most frequently collected,
and most variable moss in Florida. A very troublesome species to begin-
ners.
Grout, in Moss Flora of North America North of Mexico, describes
several varieties of I. micans, based largely on length and shape of stem
leaves and perichaetial leaves. These criteria are highly unreliable, since
variations and intergradations occur, frequently on the same plant. It
seems futile to attempt to separate varieties on such tenuous character-
istics. I. micans var. futum (Hook. & Wils.) Paris may, with added col-
lections and further study, prove to be a good species, but insufficient
material to date does not warrant such a conclusion. The other infra-
specific taxa are not recognized in the present work.

               PLATYGYRIUM

         Platygyrium repens (Brid.) BSG PLATE 88
 Plants in glossy, thin, dark green mats; stems pinnately branching,
 branches short, tips recurved; small bud-like propagula sometimes in
 axils of upper leaves. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry, erect-
 spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, concave, decur-
 rent; margins entire, recurved below; costa absent; median leaf cells
 smooth, linear-rhomboidal, 6-9: 1, apical rhomboidal, 1-1.5:1; large
 group of quadrate cells in alar region. Capsules erect or slightly inclined.
 HABITAT: On bark.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.
 Apparently rare, but it could be mistaken in the field for Sematophyl-
 lum adnatum, a common species.

                PYLAISIA

            Pylaisia selwynii Kindb. PLATE 88
  Plants in thin, glossy, dark green mats; stems rather regularly pinnately
branching, branches ascending to erect, with tips recurved. Leaves
crowded, curved and turned to one side, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
concave; margins plane to inrolled, entire or nearly so; costa short and
double or absent; median leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 6-12:1, apical


               HYPNACEAE             83
single row of large, almost rectangular cells across the insertion, often
not removed with the leaf. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves narrow, long-
acuminate, finely toothed. Seta long, reddish-brown; capsules small, ovate
to cylindric, inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, contracted under the
mouth when dry; operculum conic, short-apiculate; annulus absent; peri-
stome double. Spores smooth or slightly papillose, about 12-14 p.
HABITAT: On rotten wood, soils, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably the commonest, most frequently collected,
and most variable moss in Florida. A very troublesome species to begin-
ners.
Grout, in Moss Flora of North America North of Mexico, describes
several varieties of L micans, based largely on length and shape of stem
leaves and perichaetial leaves. These criteria are highly unreliable, since
variations and intergradations occur, frequently on the same plant. It
seems futile to attempt to separate varieties on such tenuous character-
istics. I micans var. fulvum (Hook. & Wils.) Paris may, with added col-
lections and further study, prove to be a good species, but insufficient
material to date does not warrant such a conclusion. The other infra-
specific taxa are not recognized in the present work.

               PLATYGYRIUM

         Platygyrium repens (Brid.) BSG PLATE 88
 Plants in glossy, thin, dark green mats; stems pinnately branching,
 branches short, tips recurved; small bud-like propagula sometimes in
 axils of upper leaves. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry, erect-
 spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, concave, decur-
 rent; margins entire, recurved below; costa absent; median leaf cells
 smooth, linear-rhomboidal, 6-9: 1, apical rhomboidal, 1-1.5:1; large
 group of quadrate cells in alar region. Capsules erect or slightly inclined.
 HABITAT: On bark.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.
 Apparently rare, but it could be mistaken in the field for Sematophyl-
 lum adnatum, a common species.

                PYLAISIA

            Pylaisia selwynii Kindb. PLATE 88
  Plants in thin, glossy, dark green mats; stems rather regularly pinnately
branching, branches ascending to erect, with tips recurved. Leaves
crowded, curved and turned to one side, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
concave; margins plane to inrolled, entire or nearly so; costa short and
double or absent; median leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 6-12:1, apical


               HYPNACEAE             83
single row of large, almost rectangular cells across the insertion, often
not removed with the leaf. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves narrow, long-
acuminate, finely toothed. Seta long, reddish-brown; capsules small, ovate
to cylindric, inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, contracted under the
mouth when dry; operculum conic, short-apiculate; annulus absent; peri-
stome double. Spores smooth or slightly papillose, about 12-14 p.
HABITAT: On rotten wood, soils, limestone.
DIsTRIBUTION: Probably the commonest, most frequently collected,
and most variable moss in Florida. A very troublesome species to begin-
ners.
Grout, in Moss Flora of North America North of Mexico, describes
several varieties of t micans, based largely on length and shape of stem
leaves and perichaetial leaves. These criteria are highly unreliable, since
variations and intergradations occur, frequently on the same plant. It
seems futile to attempt to separate varieties on such tenuous character-
istics. I. micans var. fulhum (Hook. & Wils.) Paris may, with added col-
lections and further study, prove to be a good species, but insufficient
material to date does not warrant such a conclusion. The other infra-
specific taxa are not recognized in the present work.

               PLATYGYRIUM

         Platygyrium repens (Brid.) BSG PLATE 88
  Plants in glossy, thin, dark green mats; stems pinnately branching,
branches short, tips recurved; small bud-like propagula sometimes in
axils of upper leaves. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, concave, decur-
rent; margins entire, recurved below; costa absent; median leaf cells
smooth, linear-rhomboidal, 6-9: 1, apical rhomboidal, 1-1.5:I; large
group of quadrate cells in alar region. Capsules erect or slightly inclined.
  HABITAT: On bark.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties.
  Apparently rare, but it could be mistaken in the field for Sematophyl-
bum adnatum, a common species.

                 PYLAISIA


Pylaisia selwynii Kindb.


PLATE 88


Plants in thin, glossy, dark green mats; stems rather regularly pinnately
branching, branches ascending to erect, with tips recurved. Leaves
crowded, curved and turned to one side, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
concave; margins plane to inrolled, entire or nearly so; costa short and
double or absent; median leaf cells linear-rhomboidal, 6-12:1, apical



04           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
shtorter and broader; asmall hot distinct group of eolaoged oo inflated
qoadlrate, hyolioe on yellowith cells extendint 6-10 cells aloog the batal
soargin. Perichaetial leavet siob longer tip. Seta long, reddisht-hbrown;
capsuleeeect,ttsnnmetnic, ovoid; operculum conic; annls pest;pei-
stonme ttithout cilia. Spoees smooth, thick-stalled, 14-it p.
  HABITAT: Batestoftees.
  DISTRtnUTtON: Florida: Glades County.

               TAXIPHYLLIUM
  In flattened, glosty, dank green, extensire mats; stemssinoegularly pin-
oels hranched, tyith leaf-like axillary paraphlorlia usoallv conspicuout,
   epcaln the primoant stemn. Leaves soomewhat astnsmetric, tniclel
speadling, flattened, ohlong- to orate-laoccolate, long- on shoot-acootinate;
otaegios plane, toothed to fonily toothed almost to loose; costa shoot and
doubhle on ahseot; median leaf cells elonsgate; cells in tip shorterootd
sometimes papillose on donsal sunface hs projecting cell anglet; bosal
sells short-recoangolan, tyith a small, incontpicous gronp of suhbquadratc
cells at basal angles.
lalts notstrik~ingtrglossy ordark geen; leaves withshort, broad,hluntssip
                                T. gophtitum
Plaots with highly glossy shsen, dek groen; leaves with tone, slender, somctimses
twisteddtp - - - - - - - -  - -  --...................."_..... _......._._. . ma in a

        Taxiphyllum gop/hium (Ant.) Fl. PLASTE f9
        Plagiotheciume geophilurm (Anst.) Goune
 Plants in lotse, dark glossy green mats; stemos irregularly pinnately
 bnanching, and    heaning numnons hnoad, large, axillans   panaphyllia.
 Leases distant, slightly asymmtetoic, wtidely' spreadiog, someokat flattened,
 not decunrent, hroadly ohlong-lanceolate; open blne; margins plane,
 stnongit toothed in tip, less so to hate; costa shone and douhle on ahsent;
 smedian leaf cello lineao-flexetous, ahout f-to:1; apical cells osticeahly
 shooter and hroader, foequently popillose on dorsal side; cells shorten
 toward hose, nith a nosy on two of snhbqnadrate cells extenelint 10-12
 cells aong the maogin.
 HAnBITT On limestone.
 DISTRInUTION: Plorida: Alochua, Citrus, Gadsden, Jackson, Lib-
 serty, Stanton, Sutranee, Wahulla, Washington Counties.


       Taxiphyllum marianne (Grons) Bore PLATE 90
           Plogiotheciusm snannoe Gose
 Plants in thin dash greeon mats wnith an oily sheen, nsually growting


84


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


84


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


shooter and hoader; a small hot distinct gerop of enlarted on inflated
quaacte, Itsatine on yellotwish cells exlencdint 6-10 cells along else hosal
nmargin. Penichaetial learnt wth longer lip. Solo long, reddish-hbrown;
capsulensrect, smcenic, ovoid; opecuosmcnic;anlsspesent; pei-
stonsc wtont cidia. Spores smooth, thick-nalled, 14-18 c.
HABITAT:s Bates of tones.
DISTnInUTION: Florida: Glades Conts.

               TAXIPHIYLL.UM
 In flatoened, glossy, dank green, exsensive mats; seems irregutarly pin-
 nately hronched, twith leaf-like axillany panaphyltia usoatly conspicssous,
especially on the prisnary seem. Leases sorewhot asymeoteic, weidels
speading, flatened, ohlong to orate-lanceolatr, long- on shont-acumoinate;
margins plane, tooehed to finely totthed almost to hose; ctsta shoot anda
dolei on absesot; nsedian leaf cells eltongate; cells intsits shooter andi
sometimes papillose on dental sutrfae hy projecting cell angles; hasal
cells sbort-rectangular, writh a snmall, inconspicuous group of suboquadrate
cells at hasal angles.
Plonts not striksingly gossy or dark green; looses wtsih shoot, kroad, klont tip...
                                T. geopnns
Plants wish highly glossy- sheen, dank gren; leases sti tong, slender, sometimes
twisted ip- - - - - - -  -  --""................T.nmannae

        Taxi phyllum goplum (Ant.) Ft. PLATO 89
        Plagiothecium geophilums (Ant.) Gnoue
 Plants in loose, dark glossy grenrs nmats; stems irregutlarly pinnatels
 hnanching, and    hearng nomieeos herod, large, axillany panaphellia.
 eatvcs distant, sligly asymmestnic, twiely spreading, somoesshat flattcncd,
 net d ecurrent, hroadly oblong-lanceolatc; apex hlunt; nmargins plane,
strongly soothed in tip, less so to hate; costa shoot antI dlouhleonhbsn;
mecdian leaf cells linean-flexousn, aouot 8-10:1; apical cells noticeahly
shoneer and bnroder, freqnently papilloe en dorsal side; cells shorten
seonad hose, with a notw or two of suboquodrate colls extending 10-12
cells along she margin.
HABInAT: On limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Flonida: Alochna, Citous, Gadsden, Jackson, Lih-
rsy, Miarion, Sosronor, Waokntla, Washington Conties.

       Taxiphyllusm marbiane (Grons) Bore PLATE SO
           Plagiotheciunsnsaiannae Genes
 Plants in thin dank green mats woith an oily sheen, usually gowoing


shorter and bnoades; a smsall hot distinct group of enlarged on inflated
quadrase, hyatine or sellowish cells extending 6-to cells along the hasal
margin. Perichaetial leases wnith longer tip. Seta long, neddish-hross;
capsssle cones, ssmmernic, oroicd; opesosstem cossic; annoluas present; pri-
slome wtrihous eilks. Spoons smsooth, thick-swallcd, 14-18 Ie.
  HAABITAT: Basesnoftrees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Glades Countsy.

               TAXIPHYLLUM
 to flattened, glossy, dank gren, extensire nmats;-stensirregularly pin-
 stately hranched, twith leaf-like asillany panoplliia usualls conspieous,
   eseilyon the primsans stem. Leases somtetshlot asymmetric, wtidelt
spreading, flastened, ohlong to ovate-laneenlae, long- on shont-acumsinatr;
smangins plane, toothed so finely soothed ahmosst ho ate; costa shone and
doouhle or abosesne; stedian loaf colts elongatc; cells in sip shooter ansd
sometimses papillose on dorsal suoface ho projecting cell angles; hasal
cells shont-recangla,swith asmalincnspicos group of subquadrate
cells at hosol angles.
Pla,,ts not strikingly glossy on dash gren; tenses with short, knead, bkunt tin
                                . gopolme
Plants swith hights gossy sheen, daok grce; leases with long, slendce, somefiess
twistedsip__------- ----....................._--_.-.._"Tmaine


Taxiphyllum gop/hiluam (Ant.) Ft.
Plagiotheciume geophilusm (Assst.) Gogs


PLATE 89


Plants in loose, dash glossy green mats; stems irregularly pinnately
hranching, and hneing nouserons knead, large, axdllary paraphyi.
teases distant, slightls assmeric, twidnly spreading, tesesthot flastened,
not decusrrene, hroadly ohtong-lanceolate; apes hilsee; neongins plane,
stnongystooed intip, lcss sotohase; costa shortand douhte oahsent;
median leaf cells liner-flneues, aout 8-l0:t; apical cells noticeahiy
shooter and hoadner, freqently papillosn on dorsal side; cells shorten
sosred hate, trith a now on itwo of suboquadrate cells extendiog 10-12
cells along eke margin.
HABnITT: On limestone.
DSTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachna, Cissus, Gadsden, Jackson, Lih-
et, Maroion, Suwance, Wa~kolla, Washington Cones.


Taipthyllum mariannae (Gons) Boen
    Plagiotheciumn  masane  Grout


PLT oE SO


Plants in thin dask green mats with an oily sheen, useally growsing



85                 PLAGIOTHECIACEAE


85


intermingled with other mosses; stems irregularly pinnately branching,
and bearing large axillary leaf-like paraphyllia. Leaves erect and spreading
both dry and wet, flattened, slightly asymmetric, broadly ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, the tip curved or, frequently, twisted as in Rhynchoste-
giur serrulatum; margin slightly toothed in the long slender tip, entire
below; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear-rhom-
boidal, about 10:1, apical cells 2-3:1, broader; small group of quadrate
cells at basal angles. Probably dioicous; perichaetial leaves small, slender,
long-acuminate; perigonia not seen.
  HABITAT: On limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Alachua, Citrus, Gads-
den, Jackson, and Walton Counties.
  The long curved or twisted apex and the rich green, oily appearance
of the plants are useful field characters: At the Marianna Caverns State
Park it grows on limestone boulders intermingled with Anomodon rostra-
tus.
             ECTROPOTHECIUM
   Ectropothecium caloosiense (Aust.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 91
   Plants in thin, pale-green mats; stems sparingly pinnately branched
and bearing numerous slender, thread-like paraphyllia. Leaves curled
and twisted when dry, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, tips curved in
one direction; margins plane, or, more often, incurved, strongly toothed
above, becoming finely toothed or entire below; costa short and double,
occasionally reaching almost to mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells
linear-fusiform, 5-10:1, shorter at insertion, with a small group of differ-
entiated cells at basal angles, 2 or 3 forming a conspicuous decurrent
margin. Dorsal and ventral leaves sometimes differing from lateral. Peri-
chaetial leaves slender, long-acuminate. Monoicous. Seta elongate; cap-
sule ovoid, horizontal to pendulous, contracted under the mouth when
dry; operculum short conic-beaked, the tip of the beak curved downward;
peristome double. Spores 8-10 p.
  HABITAT: Moist stream banks, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Macon County, Georgia.
  Florida: Alachua, Dade, Hernando, Hillsborough, Lake, Lee, Marion,
Orange, Seminole Counties.

           PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
 Plants slender to moderately robust, glossy; stems creeping, irregularly
pinnately branching, leaves flattened. Leaves symmetric or asymmetric,
sometimes dimorphie, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, apex obtuse to slenderly
acuminate; margins plane, entire to toothed, sometimes inrolled at base;


intermingled with other mosses; stems irregularly pinnately branching,
and bearing large axillary leaf-like paraphyllia. Leaves erect and spreading
both dry and wet, flattened, slightly asymmetric, broadly ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, the tip curved or, frequently, twisted as in Rhynchoste-
gium serrulatum; margin slightly toothed in the long slender tip, entire
below; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear-rhom-
boidal, about 10:1, apical cells 2-3:1, broader; small group of quadrate
cells at basal angles. Probably dioicous; periebaetial leaves small, slender,
long-acuminate; perigonia not seen.
  HAEITAT: On limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Alachua, Citrus, Gads-
den, Jackson, and Walton Counties.
  The long curved or twisted apex and the rich green, oily appearance
of the plants are useful field characters. At the Marianna Caverns State
Park it grows on limestone boulders intermingled with Anomodon rostra-
tus.
             ECTROPOT1ECIUAI
   Ectropothecium caloosiense (Aust.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 91
   Plants in thin, pale-green mats; stems sparingly pinnately branched
and bearing numerous slender, thread-like paraphyllia. Leaves curled
and twisted when dry, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, tips curved in
one direction; margins plane, or, more often, incurved, strongly toothed
above, becoming finely toothed or entire below; costa short and double,
occasionally reaching almost to mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells
linear-fusiform, 5-10:1, shorter at insertion, with a small group of differ-
entiated cells at basal angles, 2 or 3 forming a conspicuous decurrent
margin. Dorsal and ventral leaves sometimes differing from lateral. Peri-
chaetial leaves slender, long-acuminate. Monoicous. Seta elongate; cap-
sule ovoid, horizontal to pendulous, contracted under the mouth when
dry; operculmn short conic-beaked, the tip of the beak curved downward;
peristome double. Spores 8-10 p.
  HAnrAT: Moist stream banks, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Macon County, Georgia.
  Florida: Alachua, Dade, Hernando, Hillsborough, Lake, Lee, Marion,
Orange, Seminole Counties.

           PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
  Plants slender to moderately robust, glossy; stems creeping, irregularly
pinnately branching, leaves flattened. Leaves symmetric or asymmetric,
sometimes dimorphic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, apex obtuse to slenderly
acuminate; margins plane, entire to toothed, sometimes inrolled at base;


             PLAGIOTHECIACEAE        85
internaingled with other mosses; stems irregularly pinnately branching,
and bearing large axillary leaf-like paraphyllia. Leaves erect and spreading
both dry and wet, flattened, slightly asymmetric, broadly ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, the tip curved or, frequently, twisted as in Rhynchoste-
gium serrulatum; margin slightly toothed in the long slender tip, entire
below; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear-rhom-
boidal, about 10:1, apical cells 2-3:1, broader; small group of quadrate
cells at basal angles. Probably dioicous; perichaetial leaves small, slender,
long-acuminate; perigonia not seen.
  HABITAT: On limestone.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from Alachua, Citrus, Gads-
den, Jackson, and Walton Counties.
  The long curved or twisted apex and the rich green, oily appearance
of the plants are useful field characters. At the Marianna Caverns State
Park it grows on limestone boulders intermingled with Anomodon rostra-
tus.
             ECTROPOTHECIUM
   Ectropothecium caloosiense (Aust.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 91
   Plants in thin, pale-green mats; stems sparingly pinnately branched
and bearing numerous slender, thread-like paraphyllia. Leaves curled
and twisted when dry, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, tips curved in
one direction; margins plane, or, more often, incurved, strongly toothed
above, becoming finely toothed or entire below; costa short and double,
occasionally reaching almost to mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells
linear-fusiform, 5-10:1, shorter at insertion, with a small group of differ-
entiated cells at basal angles, 2 or 3 forming a conspicuous decurrent
margin. Dorsal and ventral leaves sometimes differing from lateral. Peri-
chaetial leaves slender, long-acuminate. Monoicous. Seta elongate; cap-
sule ovoid, horizontal to pendulous, contracted under the mouth when
dry; operculum short conic-beaked, the tip of the beak curved downward;
peristome double. Spores 8-10 p.
  HAEITAT: Moist stream banks, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Macon County, Georgia.
  Florida: Alachua, Dade, Hernando, Hillsborough, Lake, Lee, Marion,
Orange, Seminole Counties.

           PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
 Plants slender to moderately robust, glossy; stems creeping, irregularly
pinnately branching, leaves flattened. Leaves symmetric or asymmetric,
sometimes dimorphic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, apex obtuse to slenderly
acuminate; margins plane, entire to toothed, sometimes inrolled at base;



86          MOSSES OF FLORIDA              86           MOSSES OF FLORIDA             86           MOSSES OF FLORIDA


costa single and extending to mid-leaf or beyond, short and double, or
absent; upper leaf cells rhombic to linear, usually smooth; cells at basal
angles small and numerous or scarcely undifferentiated.
               KEY To GENERA
Costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; quadrate cells at basal angles small,
numerous.._-.....---..----..---------------- --- - .   -   -Stereophyllum
Costa short and double or absent; quadrate cells at basal angles few....Plagiothecium

              STEREOPH4YLLUM
  Plants slender to rather large; stems creeping, bearing brown radicles,
irregularly pinnately branching, leaves flattened. Leaves crowded, dimor-
phic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, apex acute to obtuse, the dorsal leaves
symmetric, closely pressed to stem    when dry, the lateral leaves asym-
metric, smaller; margins plane above, incurved at base, entire to toothed
at apex; costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; cells rhomboidal
to linear, smooth to unipapillose, numerous quadrate cells at basal angles
and extending some distance upward along the margin. Autoicous. Seta
long, slender, reddish; capsules ecrect or nearly so, ovoid, contracted under
the mouth when dry; operculum conic; peristome complete.
Leaves oblong-ovate, abruptly acuminate or apiculate; leaf cells short-rhomboidal
                                S. radiculosum
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; leaf cells narrowly linear..
                                S. leucostegum

     Stereophyllum radiculosum (Hook.) Mitt. PLATE 92
        Stereophyllum wrightii (Sull.) R. & C.
 Plants rather robust, in yellow-green teats; stems and leaves flattened,
irregularly and sparingly pinnately branched, with numerous brown radi-
cles on the under side of the stem. Dorsal leaves crowded, symmetric,
more or less 2-ranked, oblong-ovate; abruptly acuminate or apiculate;
margins plane, entire except for a few teeth at the apex; costa stout,
extending two-thirds to three-fourths the length of the leaf; leaf cells
short, rhomboidal, thick-walled, smooth or occasionally faintly papillose,
becoming short-rectangular along mid-margin; a large area of rounded-
quadrate cells extending almost to the costa at the insertion and about
20 rows up the margin at the basal angles. Lateral leaves asymmetric,
smaller. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves small, ecostate. Seta slender, long,
reddish; capsule erect or nearly so, cylindric; operculum conic, beaked;
peristome double. Spores finely papillose, about 15-16 p.
HABITAT: Bark on lower tree trunks, decaying wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South Ameri-
ca; Texas.


costa single and extending to mid-leaf or beyond, short and double, or
absent; upper leaf cells rhombic to linear, usually smooth; cells at basal
angles small and numerous or scarcely undifferentiated.
               KEY To GENERA
Costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; quadrate cells at basal angles small,
n u m erou s  .--. ..--.. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .- --. -- --.. .-................ .. . . . ....... ..-- - - - - -- - -S-- -- - - - - - tereop h y llu m
Costa short and double or absent; quadrate cells at basal angles few Plagiothecium

              STEREOPHYLLUM
  Plants slender to rather large; stems creeping, bearing brown radicles,
irregularly pinnately branching, leaves flattened. Leaves crowded, dimor-
phic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, apex acute to obtuse, the dorsal leaves
symmetric, closely pressed to stem when dry, the lateral leaves asym-
metric, smaller; margins plane above, incurved at base, entire to toothed
at apex; costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; cells rhomboidal
to linear, smooth to unipapillose, numerous quadrate cells at basal angles
and extending some distance upward along the margin. Autoicous. Seta
long, slender, reddish; capsules erect or nearly so, ovoid, contracted under
the mouth when dry; operculum conic; peristome complete.
Leaves oblong-ovate, abruptly acuminate or apiculate; teaf cells short-rhomboidal
                                S. radiculosum
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; leaf cells narrowly linear.
                                S. leucostegum

     Stereophyllum radiculosum (Hook.) Mitt. PLATE 92
        Stereophyllum wrightii (SulL.) R. & C.
 Plants rather robust, in yellow-green mats; stems and leaves flattened,
 irregularly and sparingly pinnately branched, with numerous brown radi-
 eles on the under side of the stem. Dorsal leaves crowded, symmetric,
more or less 2-ranked, oblong-ovate; abruptly acuminate or apiculate;
margins plane, entire except for a few teeth at the apex; costa stout,
extending two-thirds to three-fourths the length of the leaf; leaf cells
short, rhomboidal, thick-walled, smooth or occasionally faintly papillose,
becoming short-rectangular along mid-margin; a large area of rounded-
quadrate cells extending almost to the costa at the insertion and about
20 rows up the margin at the basal angles. Lateral leaves asymmetric,
smaller. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves small, ecostate. Seta slender, long,
reddish; capsule erect or nearly so, cylindric; operculum conic, beaked;
peristome double. Spores fnely papillose, about 15-16 p.
HAEITAT: Bark on lower tree trunks, decaying wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South Ameri-
ca; Texas.


costa single and extending to mid-leaf or beyond, short and double, or
absent; upper leaf cells rhombic to linear, usually smooth; cells at basal
angles small and numerous or scarcely undifferentiated.
               KEY To GENERA
Costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; quadrate cells at basal angles small,
num erous--------.....----- ----------................ .-- ..-_Stercophyllum
Costa short and double or absent; quadrate cells at basal angles few...Plagiothecium

              STEREOPHYLLUM
  Plants slender to rather large; stems creeping, bearing brown radicles,
irregularly pinnately branching, leaves flattened. Leaves crowded, dimor-
phic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, apex acute to obtuse, the dorsal leaves
symmetric, closely pressed to stem when dry, the lateral leaves asym-
metric, smaller; margins plane above, incurved at base, entire to toothed
at apex; costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; cells rhomboidal
to linear, smooth to unipapillose, numerous quadrate cells at basal angles
and extending some distance upward along the margin. Autoicous. Seta
long, slender, reddish; capsules erect or nearly so, ovoid, contracted under
the mouth when dry; operculum conic; peristome complete.
Leaves oblong-ovate, abruptly acuminate or apiculate; leaf cells short-rhomboidal
                                S. radiculosum
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; leaf cells narrowly linear ..
                                S. leucostegum

     Stereophyllum radiculosum (Hook.) Mitt. PLATE 92
        Stereophyllum   wrightii (Sull.) R. &    C.
 Plants rather robust, in yellow-green mats; stems and leaves flattened,
irregularly and sparingly pinnately branched, with numerous brown radi-
tles on the under side of the stem. Dorsal leaves crowded, symmetric,
more or less 2-ranked, oblong-ovate; abruptly acuminate or apiculate;
margins plane, entire except for a few teeth at the apex; costa stout,
extending two-thirds to three-fourths the length of the leaf; leaf cells
short, rhomboidal, thick-walled, smooth or occasionally faintly papillose,
becoming short-rectangular along mid-margin; a large area of rounded-
quadrate cells extending almost to the costa at the insertion and about
20 rows tp the margin at the basal angles. Lateral leaves asymmetric,
smaller. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves small, ecostate. Seta slender, long,
reddish; capsule erect or nearly so, cylindric; operculum conic, beaked;
peristome double. Spores finely papillose, about 15-16 p.
HABTAT: Bark on lower tree trunks, decaying wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South Ameri-
ca; Texas.



SEMATOPHYLLACEAE


87                SEMATOPHYLLACEAE


8y7


  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Manatee, Monroe, Polk, Volusia
Counties.
  Subcircular paraphyllia, described by Grout, were not seen. The para-
phyllia of S. leucostegum, as shown in the plate, are linear.


      Stereophyllum leucostegum (Brid.) Mitt. PLATE 93
         Stereophyllum donnellii (Aust.) Card.
  Plants slender, in bright green, glossy, thin mats; stems and leaves less
flattened than S. radiculosum; linear or filamentous paraphyllia present.
Dorsal leaves crowded, curved in the same direction, concave, ovate-
lanceolate, gradually and slenderly acuminate; margins entire; costa slen-
der, ending about mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells narrow, linear,
smooth, becoming shorter and broader below, with a large area of small
quadrate cells extending across the base to the costa and up the margin
20 or more cells. Lateral leaves asymmetric, margins incurved at the base.
Autoicous. Seta long, slender, reddish; capsule small, ovoid, inclined;
operculnm conic. Spores thick-valled, smooth to slightly papillose, 13-
16 p.
  HABITAT: Bark on lower tree trunks, rotten wood, soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Charlotte, Collier, Columbia, Lee Counties.

              PLAGIOTHECIUM
      Plagiothecium sylvaticum (Brid.) BSG PLATE 89
 Plants rather robust, glossy, yellowish to dark green; stems irregularly
 pinnately branching, bearing occasional small paraphyllia 2-3 cells wide
 at base. Leaves slightly asymmetric, broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually
 short- to long-acuminate, the tip sometimes curved; margins entire or
 nearly so; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear,
 about 10: 1; apical leaf cells rhomboidal, 3-5: 1; basal cells short-rectangu-
 lar to subquadrate, a small marginal group differentiated.
 HABTAT: On damp soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Liberty, Walton Counties.


           SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
 Plants forming slender, loose mats, often glossy; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, the ends of branches sometimes curved upward. Leaves
ovate, acuminate, often turned in one direction, recurved; costa short and
double or absent; cells smooth or papillose, linear above; shorter and
distinctly differentiated at basal angles, often with a few large, hyaline,


  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Manatee, Monroe, Polk, Volusia
Counties.
  Subcircular paraphyllia, described by Grout, were not seen. The para-
phyllia of S. leucostegum, as shown in the plate, are linear.


      Stereophyllum leucostegum (Brid.) Mitt. PLATE 93
         Stereophyllum donnellii (Aust.) Card.
  Plants slender, in bright green, glossy, thin mats; stems and leaves less
flattened than S. radiculosum; linear or filamentous paraphyllia present.
Dorsal leaves crowded, curved in the same direction, concave, ovate-
lanceolate, gradually and slenderly acuminate; margins entire; costa slen-
der, ending about mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells narrow, linear,
smooth, becoming shorter and broader below, with a large area of small
quadrate cells extending across the base to the costa and up the margin
20 or more cells. Lateral leaves asymmetric, margins incurved at the base.
Autoicous. Seta long, slender, reddish; capsule small, ovoid, inclined;
operculum   conic. Spores thick-walled, smooth to slightly papillose, 13-
16 p.
  HABITAT: Bark on lower tree trunks, rotten wood, soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, IMexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Charlotte, Collier, Columbia, Lee Counties.

              PLAGIOTHECIUM
      Plagiothecium sylvaticum (Brid.) BSG PLATE 89
  Plants rather robust, glossy, yellowish to dark green; stems irregularly
pinnately branching, bearing occasional small paraphyllia 2-3 cells wide
at base. Leaves slightly asymmetric, broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually
short- to long-acuminate, the tip sometimes curved; margins entire or
nearly so; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear,
about 10:1; apical leaf cells rhomboidal, 3-5: 1; basal cells short-rectangu-
lar to subquadrate, a small marginal group differentiated.
HABITAT: On damp soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Liberty, Walton Counties.


           SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
 Plants forming slender, loose mats, often glossy; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, the ends of branches sometimes curved upward. Leaves
ovate, acuminate, often turned in one direction, recurved; costa short and
double or absent; cells smooth or papillose, linear above; shorter and
distinctly differentiated at basal angles, often with a few large, hyaline,


             SEMATOPHYLLACEAE        87
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Manatee, Monroe, Polk, Volusia
Counties.
  Subeireuar paraphyllia, described by Grout, were not seen. The para-
phyllia of S. leucostegum, as shown in the plate, are linear.


      Stereophyllum leucostegum (Brid.) Mitt. PLATE 93
         Stereophyllum donnellii (Aust.) Card.
  Plants slender, in bright green, glossy, thin mats; stems and leaves less
flattened than S. radiculosum; linear or filamentous paraphyllia present.
Dorsal leaves crowded, curved in the same direction, concave, ovate-
lanceolate, gradually and slenderly acuminate; margins entire; costa slen-
der, ending about mid-leaf; upper and median leaf cells narrow, linear,
smooth, becoming shorter and broader below, with a large area of small
quadrate cells extending across the base to the costa and up the margin
20 or more cells. Lateral leaves asymmetric, margins incurved at the base.
Autoicous. Seta long, slender, reddish; capsule small, ovoid, inclined;
operculum conic. Spores thick-walled, smooth to slightly papillose, 13-
16 p.
  HABITAT: Bark on lower tree trunks, rotten wod, soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Charlotte, Collier, Columbia, Lee Counties.

              PLAGIOTHECIUM
      Plagiothecium sylvaticum (Brid.) BSG PLATE 89
 Plants rather robust, glossy, yellowish to dark green; stems irregularly
 pinnately branching, bearing occasional small paraphyllia 2-3 cells wide
 at base. Leaves slightly asymmetric, broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually
 short- to long-acuminate, the tip sometimes curved; margins entire or
 nearly so; costa short and double or absent; median leaf cells linear,
 about 10: 1; apical leaf cells rhomboidal, 3-5: 1; basal cells short-rectangu-
 lar to subquadrate, a small marginal group differentiated.
 HABITAT: On damp soil.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Liberty, Walton Counties.


           SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
 Plants forming slender, loose mats, often glossy; stems irregularly pin-
nately branching, the ends of branches sometimes curved upward. Leaves
ovate, acuminate, often turned in one direction, recurved; costa short and
double or absent; cells smooth or papillose, linear above; shorter and
distinctly differentiated at basal angles, often with a few large, hyaline,



88           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
inflated cells. Monoicous. Antheridia clustered, the perigonia budlike.
Setae long; capsules small, cylindric, erect to inclined; calyptra hood-
shaped; operculum long-beaked; annulus absent; peristome double.

                KEY To GENERA
 1. Leaf cells papillose; cells in alar region hyaline and enlarged, but not conspicu-
 ously inflated-..............._....__..__.....................................................-----Taxithelium
 1. Leaf cells smooth; cells in alar region conspicuously inflated and hyaline
 2. Peristome teeth with zigzag furrow . Sematophyllum
 2. Peristome teeth with straight turrow .................---_--__..._Acroporium


               TAXIT HELIUM
         Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt. PLATE 91
  Plants in delicate, thin, light green mats; branches flat, and rather regu-
larly pinnately branching. Stem   leaves overlapping when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, concave, ovate, short-acuminate; margins entire
below, slightly toothed above, especially at apex; costa absent; median
leaf cells narrowv, linear-flexuous, about 10-12: 1, with a single row of
minute papillae down the middle of the dorsal side; apical cells shorter,
those along the margins sometimes paler and forming a weak border; cells
becoming shorter toward base, with about 2 rows of enlarged but not con-
spicuously inflated, subquadrate, hyaline cells across the insertion, ex-
tending 4-6 cells along the margin. Branch leaves smaller. Autoicous.
Perichaetial leaves small, smooth, long-acuminate. Capsule small, ovoid,
inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, with a short, weakly defined neck;
operculum conic-apiculate; peristome teeth papillose above, barred below;
segments one-half the length of teeth or shorter, pale yellow; cilia single,
delicate and often broken. Spores smooth, about 12 p.
  HABITAT: On decaying wood, bases of trees, root. (Schuster and
Anderson have reported finding it as an epiphyll [growing on leaves] on
Sabal palmetto in Dade County.)
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico to South America.
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, Manatee, Monroe, Polk,
Seminole Counties.

              SEMATOPHYLLUM
  Plants in slender, compact, greenish or yellowish mats; stems irregu-
larly pinnately branching, the tips of branches often curved upward.
Leaves ovate, concave, apex blunt or acute; margins entire except occa-
sionally slightly toothed at apex, reflexed; costa absent; median leaf cells
linear-flexuous to fusiform; apical cells shorter; basal cells quadrate to
rectangular, yellowish, with 2 or more large, inflated, hyaline cells at


88


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


88


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


inflated cells. Monoicous. Antheridia clustered, the perigonia budlike.
Setae long; capsules small, cylindric, erect to inclined; calyptra hood-
shaped; operculum long-beaked; annulus absent; peristome double.

                KEY To GENERA
 1. Leaf cells papillose; cells in alar region hyaline and enlarged, but not conspicu-
 ously inflated-..--.... -      -      __.__....... .._... Taxithelium
 1. Leaf cells smooth; cells in alar region conspicuously inflated and hyaline
 2. Peristome teeth with zigzag furrowss Sematophyllum
 2. Peristome teeth with straight turrow .... Acroporium


               TAXIT HELIUM
         Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt. PLATE 91
  Plants in delicate, thin, light green mats; branches flat, and rather regu-
larly pinnately branching. Stem    leaves overlapping when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, concave, ovate, short-acuminate; margins entire
below, slightly toothed above, especially at apex; costa absent; median
leaf cells narrow, linear-flexuous, about 10-12: 1, with a single row of
minute papillae down the middle of the dorsal side; apical cells shorter,
those along the margins sometimes paler and forming a weak border; cells
becoming shorter toward base, with about 2 rows of enlarged but not con-
spicuously inflated, subquadrate, hyaline cells across the insertion, ex-
tending 4-6 cells along the margin. Branch leaves smaller. Autoicous.
Perichaetial leaves small, smooth, long-acuminate. Capsule small, ovoid,
inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, with a short, weakly defined neck;
operculum conic-apiculate; peristome teeth papillose above, barred below;
segments one-half the length of teeth or shorter, pale yellow; cilia single,
delicate and often broken. Spores smooth, about 12 p.
  HABITAT: On decaying wood, bases of trees, root. (Schuster and
Anderson have reported finding it as an epiphyll [growing on leaves] on
Sabal palmetto in Dade County.)
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico to South America.
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, Manatee, Monroc, Polk,
Seminole Counties.

              SEMATOPHYLLUM
  Plants in slender, compact, greenish or yellowish mats; stems irregu-
larly pinnately branching, the tips of branches often curved upward.
Leaves ovate, concave, apex blunt or acute; margins entire except occa-
sionally slightly toothed at apex, reflexed; costa absent; median leaf cells
linear-flexuous to fusiform; apical cells shorter; basal cells quadrate to
rectangular, yellowish, with 2 or more large, inflated, hyaline cells at


inflated cells. Monoicous. Antheridia clustered, the perigonia budlike.
Setae long; capsules small, cylindric, erect to inclined; calyptra hood-
shaped; operculum long-beaked; annulus absent; peristome double.

                KEY To GENERA
 1. Leaf cells papillose; cells in alar region hyaline and enlarged, but not conspicu-
 ously inflated----------belies...----....-............__...._.....__ _ Taxithelium
 1. Leaf cells smooth; cells in alar region conspicuously inflated and hyaline
 2. Peristome teeth with zigzag furrow__. .   ._        Scmtohyllum
 2. Peristome teeth with straight lurrow...__..____..___-_---_Acropoiur


               TAXITHELIUM
         Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt. PLATE 91
  Plants in delicate, thin, light green mats; branches flat, and rather regu-
larly pinnately branching. Stem    leaves overlapping when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, concave, ovate, short-acuminate; margins entire
below, slightly toothed above, especially at apex; costa absent; median
leaf cells narrow, linear-flexuous, about 10-12:1, with a single row of
minute papillae down the middle of the dorsal side; apical cells shorter,
those along the margins sometimes paler and forming a weak border; cells
becoming shorter toward base, with about 2 rows of enlarged but not con-
spicuously inflated, subquadrate, hyaline cells across the insertion, ex-
tending 4-6 cells along the margin. Branch leaves smaller. Autoicous.
Perichaetial leaves small, smooth, long-acuminate. Capsule small, ovoid,
inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, with a short, weakly defined neck;
operculum conic-apiculate; peristome teeth papillose above, barred below;
segments one-half the length of teeth or shorter, pale yellow; cilia single,
delicate and often broken. Spores smooth, about 12 p.
  HABITAT: On decaying wood, bases of trees, root. (Schuster and
Anderson have reported finding it as an epiphyll [growing on leaves] on
Sabal palmetto in Dade County.)
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico to South America.
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Lee, Manatee, Monroe, Polk,
Seminole Counties.

              SEMATOPHYLLUMI
  Plants in slender, compact, greenish or yellowish mats; stems irregu-
larly pinnately branching, the tips of branches often curved upward.
Leaves ovate, concave, apex blunt or acute; margins entire except occa-
sionally slightly toothed at apex, reflexed; costa absent; median leaf cells
linear-flexuous to fusiform; apical cells shorter; basal cells quadrate to
rectangular, yellowish, with 2 or more large, inflated, hyaline cells at



SE MA TOP HYLL ACE AE


89                SEMATO PHYLLACEAE


89


basal angles (frequently remaining attached to the seem triect leases are
rennoved). Nlsnoienne. Capscles eeet en inelined, semmetlc or nearly so,
soeteimes weithc a sheet neek; opereulum slendrly loug-beaked, eblieque;
annulus absent; peiscoecduble, thenotter teetheithaigagfcureow.

1. Median leaf elcs 8-12: , eapsules erct or neerly soc...._.___5. adnatuns
1. Mediac leaf eells not exceeding 8:1, neeally shncter; eapsnles ineliced
  2. Leaf aee sbncc, bcead, blent, ending in 2-3 cells_._-5--  . eaeelinianenm
  2. Leaf aces lenfee, nascoe, almcststciengulac, ending in a single cell....
                                S. cenniscen

     Sematnophyllum adlnatum (Mx.) E. G. Beitt. PLATn 94
  Plancs in small, daek geeen tn gnlden mats; tips nf bcances eurved up-
stand. Leases crate, gradually acutinate, eoneave, elnselynoverlapping,
the upper braneh leaves ecrned in onn direetinn, margins entice exeept at
apnex, reflexed belosw; rcta absent; enedian leaf cells 8-12:1; apical cells
sheeter and broader; 1-2 reeve of sheeter basal cells, often reluted, wvith
a single ren of 4-6 quadeate cells along the mtargin, 2 (uscally) large,
conspeircous, he aline, inflated "bubble" cells at the basal angles. Mccci-
rue. Perigonial leaves small, ovate, apiculate, eclofsing 3-4 antberidia.
Pcrichaetial leavessswith longcranelmeeslendleracumination. Setalsng;
capsulecylindlrical,erec rnearlys,smmcetc,cnstrictedcundcerhe
moeuth ewhen dry; calyptna heed-shaped, eovering only the oerclum;
cpenecclem long-beaked, aboct the length of the urn. Speres slightly papil-
lese, 12-14 e-
IlAnITAT: On tee trunks and cents, occasionally en chearred v-end.
  DeSTRIBUTION: Florida: Widely distcibuted. Cemmcen.

  Sematonphyllum ecrliniannm (C. M.) E1. G. Briet. PLATE 94
  Plants largesc fee the genus (in Plorida); ends of branches sometimnes
straight rather than crted. Leases crate, hroad, blunt to share-acuminate,
  cocv;macgins entire,creflrxed;nmedian leaf cells linear-fusiformt, 6-8: 1,
apical cells schorter; severel large, inflated, heyaline cc refaced cells acrosc
insection, stith quadrate cells extending several cells along the margin.
Capsales slightly inebined, soeehat asemmeeteic, centreeted undr the
mouth swhen dry.
HABTAT: On entted trend, lree trunks, oceasionally en dry charded
litmestne.
DISTRU  N: Florida: Cadsden, Glades, Highlands, Manatee,
Moenroe Countes.

    Srmatophyllum caresitosum (Hedw.) Mite. PLATE 99
 Munch fibs S. ednatcm. Leaves crate In nblong-ovate, sheet-acuminate,


besal angles (frequentl remtaining attached tothe stemnwhen leaes are
removed). \luneiecs, Capsules erect cc inclkned, symmetric cc nearly so,
sometimest-ith a sheet neck; eperculume slenderly long-beaked, obliqce;
annutlus absent; peristome docble, the enter teeth writh a zigzag furrow.

a. Median leaf cells 8-12:1, canceler creel oe nearly so  S-    . adnateum
1. Median leaf cells not ece-ding 8:1, usually sheeter;caslsilne
  2, Leaf aces sheet, breed, blunt, ending ie 2-3 sells - S. crolinianume
  2. Leaf ares longe, narroer, almost triangulas, ending in a singlecnell. _. _
                                S. cecpitosuns

     Scmactophyllucm adlnatum   (Mx.) E. G. Beige.       PLATE 94
  Plantsein smadl, darh green en golden mats; tips nf branches cueted up-
need. Leaves crate, gradually acuminate, ccave, closely osvelappeng,
the upper beanch leaves turned in one direceion, ncargins entire except cc
apex, reflexed beloes; costa ahsent; meedian leaf cells 8-12:1; apical cells
sheeter and breeder; 1-2 rowrs ef sheeter basal cells, often enlaced, with
a single nun of 4-6 quaedrate cells aleng the smargin, 2 (usually) lange,
conspicuous, byaline, inflated "hubhle" cells at she basal angles. Macci-
cans, Perigonial leavessmall,esvae,apiulate, eclsing-4 ac beida.
Perirhactial leaves with longer and mace slender acumination. beta long;
capsusle ce-finedrical, erect or nearly~ en, symmetrc, constrictedl secder the
mocth wrhen dry; ealyptra bend-shaped, revering only the operculum;
oerenlens long-beaked, about the length of the urn. Spaces slightly papil-
lose, 12-14 p.
  HABITAT: On lreer eunks and canes, ocasionally en chanced steed.
  DtSTRIBUTION: Flerida: W idely distributed. Common.

  Semactophyl/um croli~nianum (C. M.) E. G. Briet. PLATE 94
  Plants largess fnr the genus (in Plorida); ends of branches sencetmes
steaight rathercthanecured. Lcares ovate,hbread,hblcntctoshrt-acuminate,
cencave; macgins entice, reflexed; median leaf cells hinear-lnsiferm, 6-8: 1,
apical cells shorcter; several large, inflated, heyaline ec celorced cells access
inserlion, wvith quadrate cells extending several cells along the margin.
Capsules slightly inclined, semeewbae asymmetlnic, centracted under the
mouth wrhen dre.
HABnITAT: On reeled creed, tree trunks, ccasionally en dry shaded
limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Glades,         Highlands, Manatee,
Moenre Concies.

    Sematophryllum ceasitocum (Hedw.) Mite. PLATE 99
  blurb lihe S. educeum. Leaves crate In oblong-ovate, short-acuminate,


             SE MATO PHYLLACnAn      89
basal angles (frequentlyercmaining attacedtcththeseshenflevsare
remoed). Ieneiceas. Capsules erecttoinclined, symmetcciornearle se,
sometimescwith a sheet neck; operculum slenderly leng-beaked, oblique;
annulus absent; periscome double, the cuter teeth writh a zigzag furrow.

1.Median leaf cells 8-12:1, capsules creel cc nearly sc -    5. adnatsus
1. Merdian leaf cells not exeeding 8:1, usually shorter; capsules inclined
  2. Leaf ayes sher, bsoad, blent, ending in 2-3 celis - 5. crclinienens
  2. Leaf apes longe, narroe-r,almostrianulr,cending inasingleccll ...
                                5. cericcn

     Scmatoephyllums adnafum (Mx.) E. G. Brice. PLATE 94
  Plants in smsall, darh green In golden mats; tips of branches cured up-
trd, Leaes crate, gradually acuminate, cencase, rlosely oeerlapping,
the upper branch leaves turned in one dirctlion, macfine entire except at
apex, reflexed belorw; rcta ebsesnt; median leaf cells 8-12:1; apical cells
shontcr and broader; 1-2 rowvs of sheeter basal cells, often eoluced, stith
a tingle nunw of 4-6 quadrate cells along the macgin, 2 (usually) large,
conspiecuous, beeline, inflated "bubble cells at the basal angles. Slecci-
rus. Perigonial leases smell, ovat, apiculae, enclosing 3-4 antheridia.
Perichaetial leaves n-ibh lunger and mere slender acumcination. beta lung;
capsule cylindical, ercect or nearly so, secmmetrc, constricted under the
mouth wrhen dry; ealyptra heed-shaped, revering only the uperecutnm;
operculum lung-beaked, abeut the length of the urn. Spores slightly pepil-
lose, 12-14  .
  HABTAT: On lee trunhs end canes, occasionallyro c harned st-ed.
  OcesIetUctuOn Florida: Widely distributed. Common.

  Scmatoephylftam carolinianum (C. M.) E. G. Bries. PLATEv 94
  Plants largest fee the genus (in Forida); ends of branches sometinses
straight rather than curved. Leaves erase, broad, blent In short-acuminate,
concave; margins entire, reflexed; median leaf cells linear-fusiformc, 6-fist,
apical cells sheetter; several large, inflated, healine or refaced ells access
insertin, stc quadrate cells extending several cells along she margin.
Capsules slightly inclined, somsewhate asymmetric, cuncracted under the
mut when dry.
HABITAT: On catted woond, tree trunks, ccasionally en dry shaded
limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Glades,          Highlands, Manatee,
Monrc- Counties.

    ScmatonphylIlum cacepitosum (Hedw.) Mice. PLATE 99
 blurb lihe S. adnatumn. Leaves crate In oblong-ovate, sheet-acuminate,



90           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
concave; margins entire, reflexed at base; median leaf cells rhomboidal,
3-6: 1; apical cells shorter; cells toward base short, with about 4 large
inflated cells at basal angles, a row of 4-6 or more quadrate cells above,
along the margin. Spores slightly papillose, 12 p.
HABITAT: On tree trunks and roots, rotten wood, rarely on soil.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Dade, De Soto, Duval, Glades,
Hardee, Highlands, Indian River, Lee, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Orange,
Palm Beach, Palk, Sarasota, Seminole, Taylor Counties.

               ACROPORIUM
   Acroporium smallii (Wms.) Crum & Anderson PLATE 95
           Sematophyllum smallii Wms.
 Plants small, in glossy yellow-green mats, tips of stems curving upward.
 Stem and branch leaves similar, widely spreading, concave, ovate-lanceo-
late; margins entire, somewhat recurved; costa absent; median leaf cells
narrowly rhomboidal to linear, about 4:1; apical cells shorter; 4-5 cells
at basal angles large, inflated, hyaline or yellowish. Autoicous. Perichaetial
leaves slightly toothed. Seta long, reddish; capsules cylindric to ovate,
erect to inclined, occasionally pendent, symmetric, contracted below
mouth when dry; operculum long-beaked; peristome teeth slender, with a
straight furrow, papillose at the tips, horizontally barred below; segments
shorter than the teeth, keeled, unperforated; cilia single, papillose. Spores
slightly papillose, about 13 a.
  HAB1TAT: On rotten wood, charred wood, or bark of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from          Dade County.


              LESKEACEAE
  Plants slender to robust, in interwoven mats, usually dull, dark green,
brownish or blackish. Primary stems creeping, simple or regularly or
irregularly branching; secondary stems ascending or erect. Multiform par-
aphyllia present or absent. Stem and branch leaves sometimes differen-
tiated; costa usually to mid-leaf or beyond, occasionally very short; upper
leaf cells short, papillose or smooth; basal cells longer, less papillose or
smooth. Autoicous or dioicous. Seta long, smooth or rough; capsule erect
and symmetric to inclined and curved; calyptra small, hood-shaped; oper-
culum conic, beaked; annulus usually present; peristome double or with
inner peristome rudimentary or lacking. Spores smooth or slightly papil-
lose, small.


90           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
concave; margins entire, reflexed at base; median leaf cells rhomboidal,
3-6:1; apical cells shorter; cells toward base short, with about 4 large
inflated cells at basal angles, a row of 4-6 or more quadrate cells above,
along the margin. Spores slightly papillose, 12 a.
HABITAT: On tree trunks and roots, rotten wood, rarely on soil.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Dade, De Soto, Duval, Glades,
Hardee, Highlands, Indian River, Lee, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Orange,
Palm Beach, Polk, Sarasota, Seminole, Taylor Counties.

               ACROPORIUM
   Acroporium smallii (Wms.) Crum & Anderson PLATE 95
           Sematophyllum smallii Wms.
  Plants small, in glossy yellow-green mats, tips of stems curving upward.
Stem and branch leaves similar, widely spreading, concave, ovate-lanceo-
late; margins entire, somewhat recurved; costa absent; median leaf cells
narrowly rhomboidal to linear, about 4:1; apical cells shorter; 4-5 cells
at basal angles large, inflated, hyaline or yellowish. Autoicous. Perichactial
leaves slightly toothed. Seta long, reddish; capsules cylindric to ovate,
erect to inclined, occasionally pendent, symmetric, contracted below
mouth when dry; operculum long-beaked; peristome teeth slender, with a
straight furrow, papillose at the tips, horizontally barred below; segments
shorter than the teeth, keeled, unperforated; cilia single, papillose. Spores
slightly papillose, about 13 p.
  HABITAT: On rotten wood, charred wood, or bark of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from          Dade County.


              LESKEACEAE
  Plants slender to robust, in interwoven mats, usually dull, dark green,
brownish or blackish. Primary stems creeping, simple or regularly or
irregularly branching; secondary stems ascending or erect. Multiform par-
aphyllia present or absent. Stem and branch leaves sometimes differen-
tiated; costa usually to mid-leaf or beyond, occasionally very short; upper
leaf cells short, papillose or smooth; basal cells longer, less papillose or
smooth. Autoicous or dioicous. Seta long, smooth or rough; capsule erect
and symmetric to inclined and curved; calyptra small, hood-shaped; oper-
culum conic, beaked; annulus usually present; peristome double or with
inner peristome rudimentary or lacking. Spores smooth or slightly papil-
lose, small.


90


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


concave; margins entire, reflexed at base; median leaf cells rhomboidal,
3-6: 1; apical cells shorter; cells toward base short, with about 4 large
inflated cells at basal angles, a row of 4-6 or more quadrate cells above,
along the margin. Spores slightly papillose, 12 p.
HABITAT: On tree trunks and roots, rotten wood, rarely on soil.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America to South
America.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Collier, Dade, De Soto, Duval, Glades,
Hardee, Highlands, Indian River, Lee, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Orange,
Palm Beach, Polk, Sarasota, Seminole, Taylor Counties.

               ACROPORIUM
   Acroporium smallii (Wms.) Crum & Anderson PLATE 95
           Sematophyllum smallii Wms.
 Plants small, in glossy yellow-green mats, tips of stems curving upward.
 Stem and branch leaves similar, widely spreading, concave, ovate-lancco-
late; margins entire, somewhat recurved; costa absent; median leaf cells
narrowly rhomboidal to linear, about 4:1; apical cells shorter; 4-5 cells
at basal angles large, inflated, hyaline or yellowish. Autoicous. Perichaetial
leaves slightly toothed. Seta long, reddish; capsules cylindric to ovate,
erect to inclined, occasionally pendent, symmetric, contracted below
mouth when dry; operculum long-beaked; peristome teeth slender, with a
straight furrow, papillose at the tips, horizontally barred below; segments
shorter than the teeth, keeled, unperforated; cilia single, papillose. Spores
slightly papillose, about 13 p.
  HABITAT: On rotten wood, charred wood, or bark of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Known only from          Dade County.


              LESKEACEAE
  Plants slender to robust, in interwoven mats, usually dull, dark green,
brownish or blackish. Primary stems creeping, simple or regularly or
irregularly branching; secondary stems ascending or erect. Multiform par-
aphyllia present or absent. Stem and branch leaves sometimes differen-
tiated; costa usually to mid-leaf or beyond, occasionally very short; upper
leaf cells short, papillose or smooth; basal cells longer, less papillose or
smooth. Autoicous or dioicous. Seta long, smooth or rough; capsule erect
and symmetric to inclined and curved; calyptra small, hood-shaped; oper-
culum conic, beaked; annulus usually present; peristome double or with
inner peristome rudimentary or lacking. Spores smooth or slightly papil-
lose, small.



91


91


91


1. Paraphyllia absent
  2. Leaf cells smooth; leaf apex coarsely toothed...    Herpetineurum
  2. Leaf cells papillose
    3. Marginal cells bulging, fmiely toothed; costa papillose on back below
                               Haplohymenium
    3. Marginal cells not bulging, entire or toothed; costa pellucid, smooth on
    back.___..----- -..-_-.__-__-_____.___---_..___-__................................__ -...A nomodon
1. Paraphyllia present
  2. Paraphyllia small, slender and thread-like, usually not numerous
    3. Cells with a single large papilla; costa not extending beyond mid-leaf;
    leaf margins fringed or jagged ...............................................-.__- Thelia
    3. Cells with smaller papillae; costa extending nearly to leaf apex; leaf
    m argins  entire  or  nearly  s . y.................. .............................-.....  Leskea
  2, Paraphyllia frequently large, multiform, abundant, conspicuous
    3. Terminal cell of branch leaves with 2-4 papillae. .   Thuidium
    3.  Terminal cell of branch  leaves with  a  single  sharp  papilla.___............
                                Haplocladium


              HERPETINEURUM

   Herpetineurum toccoae (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull. PLATE 96
               in Gray) Card.
  Plants in loose mats, dark green to blackish; branches curved at tips.
Leaves slightly decurrent, overlapping when dry, spreading when moist,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed at apex, concave, longi-
tudinally wrinkled in lower part, basal margins inrolled; costa strong,
conspicuously flexuous above, ending near apex; upper leaf cells rounded
or oval, thick-walled, not papillose; basal cells near insertion larger, a
small area of bright orange to brownish cells just above insertion. Not
fruiting in Florida.
  HABITAT: On limestone or rotting wood.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Hernando, Polk, Wakulla Counties.


              H APLOHYMENIUM

      Haplohymenium triste (Cesati) Kindb. PLATE 96
          Anomodon tristis (Cesati) Sull.
 Plants slender, delicate, irregularly branching. Leaves pressed close to
 stem when dry, wide-spreading when moist, very brittle, the apices often
broken off except those of soting leaves at stem tips, ovate-lanceolate,
with obtuse to acute apices, concave, finely toothed on upper margins by
bulging papillose cells; costa extending to mid-leaf, papillose on dorsal
side; median calls isodiametric, with several papillae, a few slightly elon-
gated pellucid cells near costa at base.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or on limestone.


1. Paraphyllia absent
  2. Leaf cells smooth; leaf apex coarsely toothed.    .  Herpetineurum
  2. Leaf cells papillose
    3. Marginal cells bulging, finely toothed; costa papillose on back below
                               Haplohyaeoiuma
    3. Marginal cells not bulging, entire or toothed; costa pellucid, smooth on
    back................_.................................. ...__..... ................ . . . __A nom odon
1. Paraphyllia present
  2. Paraphyllia small, slender and thread-like, usually not numerous
    3. Cells with a single large papilla; costa not extending beyond mid-leaf;
    leaf margins  fringed  or  jagged____.__.._-..__ .-_____...... . . .................Thelia
    3. Cells with smaller papillae; costa extending nearly to leaf apex; leaf
    margins entire or nearly so____________._.____....... . . Leskea
  2. Paraphyllia frequently large, multiform, abundant, conspicuous
    3. Terminal cell of branch leaves with 24 papillae_ .    Thuidium
    3. Terminal cell of branch leaves with a single sharp papilla.................
                                Haplocladium


              HERPETINEURUM

   Herpetineurum toccoae (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull. PLATE 96
               in Gray) Card.
  Plants in loose mats, dark green to blackish; branches curved at tips.
Leaves slightly decurrent, overlapping when dry, spreading when moist,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed at apex, concave, longi-
tudinally wrinkled in lower part, basal margins inrolled; costa strong,
conspicuously flexuous above, ending near apex; upper leaf cells rounded
or oval, thick-walled, not papillose; basal cells near insertion larger, a
small area of bright orange to brownish cells just above insertion. Not
fruiting in Florida.
  HABITAT: On limestone or rotting wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Hernando, Polk, Wakulla Counties.

             HAPLOHYMENIUM

      Haplohymenium triste (Cesati) Kindb. PLATE 96
          Anomodon tristis (Cesati) Sull.
 Plants slender, delicate, irregularly branching. Leaves pressed close to
 stem when dry, wide-spreading when moist, very brittle, the apices often
broken off except those of young leaves at stem     tips, ovate-lanceolate,
with obtuse to acute apices, concave, finely toothed on upper margins by
bulging papillose cells; costa extending to mid-leaf, papillose on dorsal
side; median cells isodiametric, with several papillae, a few slightly elon-
gated pellucid cells near costa at base.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or on limestone.


1. Paraphyllia absent
  2. Leaf cells smooth; leaf apex coarsely toothed.         Herpetineurum
  2. Leaf cells papillose
    3. Marginal cells bulging, finely toothed; costa papillose on back below
                               flaplohymenium
    3. Marginal cells not bulging, entire or toothed; costa pellucid, smooth on
    back.............................................. ....... .. _..... A nomodon
1. Paraphyllia present
  2. Paraphyllia small, slender and thread-like, usually not numerous
    3. Cells with a single large papilla; costa not extending beyond mid-leaf;
    leaf margins fringed or jagged...................._..___.._....... Thelia
    3. Cells with smaller papillae; costa extending nearly to leaf apex; leaf
    margins entire or nearly so. . . . .._______..Leskea
  2. Paraphyllia frequently large, multiform, abundant, conspicuous
    3. Terminal cell of branch leaves with 2-4 papillae.       Thuidium
    3. Terminal cell of branch leaves with a single sharp papilla.
                                Haplocladium

              HERPETINEURUM

   Herpetineurum toccoae (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull. PLATE 96
               in Gray) Card.
  Plants in loose mats, dark green to blackish; branches curved at tips.
Leaves slightly decurrent, overlapping when dry, spreading when moist,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed at apex, concave, longi-
tudinally wrinkled in lower part, basal margins inrolled; costa strong,
conspicuously flexuous above, ending near apex; upper leaf cells rounded
or oval, thick-walled, not papillose; basal cells near insertion larger, a
small area of bright orange to brownish cells just above insertion. Not
fruiting in Florida.
  HABITAT: On limestone or rotting wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Hernando, Polk, Wakulla Counties.


             HAPLOHYMENIUM


Haplohymenium triste (Cesati) Kindb.
    Anomodon tristis (Cesati) Sull.


PLATE 96


Plants slender, delicate, irregularly branching. Leaves pressed close to
stem when dry, wide-spreading when moist, very brittle, the apices often
broken off except those of young leaves at stem tips, ovate-lanceolate,
with obtuse to acute apices, concave, finely toothed on upper margins by
bulging papillose cells; costa extending to mid-leaf, papillose on dorsal
side; median cells isodiametric, with several papillae, a few slightly elon-
gated pellucid cells near costa at base.
HABITAT: On bases of trees or on limestone.



92           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Jackson, 1
Liberty, Marion Counties.
               ANOMODON
 Plants small to moderately robust, forming loose or dens
dark bluish-green to yellowish or brownish. Primary stems c
ondary stems erect or curved outward, sometimes attenuate. L
ed, overlapping, lingulate to ovate-lanceolate from a broad o,
base, sometimes slightly decurrent; marginal cells entire or ts
strong, pellucid, smooth on back, ending below apex; medi
small, rounded, densely papillose on both surfaces, the low p
times forked; basal cells near costa elongated, with a sing]
smooth, sometimes nodulose. Dioicous. Seta elongate; capsult
metric, cylindric; calyptra small, hood-shaped; operculum cc
annulus present or absent; peristome teeth pale yellowish bro
papillose; segments short, from a low basal membrane, papi
1. Leaf  apex  broad,  rounded....................................._........ .__ ._.
1. Leaf apex apiculate or hair-pointed
  2. Apex ending in hyaline hair-point; plants slender
  2. Apex  broadly  acute, apiculate; plants coarse.........................

       Anomodon minor (Hedw.) Furnr.


92


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


92


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


DISTRIEUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Marion Counties.
               ANOMODON
 Plants small to moderately robust, forming loose or dense mats, dull,
 dark bluish-green to yellowish or brownish. Primary stems creeping, sec-
 ondary stems erect or curved outward, sometimes attenuate. Leaves crowd-
 ed, overlapping, lingulate to ovate-lanceolate from a broad ovate clasping
 base, sometimes slightly decurrent; marginal cells entire or toothed; costa
 strong, pellucid, smooth on back, ending below apex; median leaf cells
 small, rounded, densely papillose on both surfaces, the Iow papillae some-
 times forked; basal cells near costa elongated, with a single papilla or
 smooth, sometimes nodulose. Dioicous. Seta elongate; capsule erect, sym-
metric, cylindric; calyptra small, hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked;
annulus present or absent; peristome teeth pale yellowish brown, slender,
papillose; segments short, from a low basal membrane, papillose.
I. Leaf apex broad, rounded.-._._.-....................................................._A. minor


DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Marion Counties.
               ANOMODON
 Plants small to moderately robust, forming loose or dense mats, dull,
dark bluish-green to yellowish or brownish. Primary stems creeping, sec-
ondary stems erect or curved outward, sometimes attenuate. Leaves crowd-
ed, overlapping, lingulate to ovate-lanceolate from a broad ovate clasping
base, sometimes slightly decurrent; marginal cells entire or toothed; costa
strong, pellucid, smooth on back, ending below apex; median leaf cells
small, rounded, densely papillose on both surfaces, the low papillae some-
times forked; basal cells near costa elongated, with a single papilla or
smooth, sometimes nodulose. Dioicous. Seta elongate; capsule erect, sym-
metric, cylindric; calyptra small, hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked;
annulus present or absent; peristome teeth pale yellowish brown, slender,
papillose; segments short, from a low basal membrane, papillose.
I. Leaf apex broad, rounded........---.. -......__-_...--.____-....._... A. minor


___....A. minor


           t. Leaf apex apiculate or hair-pointed
 ..A. rostratus           2. Apex ending in hyaline hair-point; plants slender.
A. attenuatus             2. Apex broadly acute, apiculate; plants coarse  - _


           I. Leaf apex apiculate or hair-pointed
 A. rostratus 2. Apex ending in hyaline hair-point; plants slender..
A. attenuatus 2. Apex broadly acute, apiculate; plants coarse.........


....A. rostratus
.A. attenuatus


PLATE 97


Anomodon minor (Hedw.) Furnr.


PLATE 97


Plants in loosely spreading mats; stems simple or sparingly branched,
branches slightly flattened. Leaves slightly decurrent, lingulate from a
broad ovate base, apex broadly rounded; costa strong, pellucid, ending
well below apex; upper cells small, round to hexagonal, densely papillose,
obscure, margin bordered by a row of larger, almost quadrate cells, not
bulging, inrolled in basal part; large area of smooth, more or less hyaline
cells 2-3:1 in median basal area next to costa.
HAB1TAT: On roots and bases of trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Gadsden, Jackson, Jef-
ferson, Leon, Liberty, Suwannee, Wakulla Counties.

      Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 97
 Plants slender, yellowish green, in spreading mats; secondary stems
julaceous. Leaves crowded, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate, the long acumi-
nation ending in a hyaline hair-point; margins entire, reflexed; costa
strong, ending below apex; upper cells oval, 2:1, papillose, median cells
shorter; 2-3 rows of slightly elongated hyaline cells near costa at base.
HanTAT: On bases of trees, stumps, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Broward, Citrus, Collier, Colum-
bia, Dade De Soto, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Orange,
Polk, Wakulla Counties.


  Plants in loosely spreading mats; stems simple or sparingly branched,
branches slightly flattened. Leaves slightly decurrent, lingulate from a
broad ovate base, apex broadly rounded; costa strong, pellucid, ending
well below apex; upper cells small, round to hexagonal, densely papillose,
obscure, margin bordered by a row of larger, almost quadrate cells, not
bulging, inrolled in basal part; large area of smooth, more or less hyaline
cells 2-3:1 in median basal area next to costa.
  HAB1TAT: On roots and bases of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Gadsden, Jackson, Jef-
ferson, Leon, Liberty, Suwannee, Wakulla Counties.

      Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 97
  Plants slender, yellowish green, in spreading mats; secondary stems
julaceous. Leaves crowded, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate, the long acumi-
nation ending in a hyaline hair-point; margins entire, reflexed; costa
strong, ending below apex; upper cells oval, 2:1, papillose, median cells
shorter; 2-3 rows of slightly elongated hyaline cells near costa at base.
  HABITAT: On bases of trees, stumps, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Broward, Citrus, Collier, Colum-
bia, Dade De Soto, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Orange,
Polk, Wakulla Counties.


        Anomodon minor (Hedw.) Furnr. PLATE 97
 Plants in loosely spreading mats; stems simple or sparingly branched,
branches slightly flattened. Leaves slightly decurrent, lingulate from a
broad ovate base, apex broadly rounded; costa strong, pellucid, ending
well below apex; upper cells small, round to hexagonal, densely papillose,
obscure, margin bordered by a row of larger, almost quadrate cells, not
bulging, inrolled in basal part; large area of smooth, more or less hyaline
cells 2-3:1 in median basal area next to costa.
HAB1TAT: On roots and bases of trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Gadsden, Jackson, Jef-
ferson, Leon, Liberty, Suwannee, Wakulla Counties.

      Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. PLATE 97
 Plants slender, yellowish green, in spreading mats; secondary stems
julaceous. Leaves crowded, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate, the long acumi-
nation ending in a hyaline hair-point; margins entire, reflexed; costa
strong, ending below apex; upper cells oval, 2:1, papillose, median cells
shorter; 2-3 rows of slightly elongated hyaline cells near costa at base.
HABITAT: On bases of trees, stumps, limestone.
DISTRIEUTION: Florida: Alachua, Broward, Citrus, Collier, Colum-
bia, Dade De Soto, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Orange,
Polk, Wakulla Counties.



               LESKEACEAE            93

      Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Hueb. PLATE 97
 Plants coarse, matted, dull olive-green. Leaves largest of the genus (in
 Florida), lingulate from a broad, ovate base, apex acute, apiculate, often
 conspicuously toothed near apex; costa ending below apex; upper cells
rounded, densely papillose and obscure; numerous pellucid, elongate,
nodulose cells next costa at base.
  HABITAT: On bases of trees, stumps, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION:     Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Semi-
nole, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.


                 THELIA
  Plants in light yellowish-green or silvery mats or with primary stems
elongate and spreading, pinnately branched, branches short, crowded,
julaceous; paraphyllia slender and thread-like or branched, conspicuous.
Leaves crowded, very concave, decurrent, broadly ovate, abruptly apicu-
late, margins fringed or jagged below, more or less toothed above; costa
ending in mid-leaf or below; upper leaf cells rhomboidal, thick-walled,
with a single very large simple or forked papilla on the dorsal surface;
apical cells elongate, papillose or smooth; basal cells various, larger than
median, smooth. Dioicous. Seta 5-16 m long; capsule erect, symmetric,
cylindric; calyptra small, hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; annulus
absent; peristome teeth slender, whitish; inner peristome rudimentary,
consisting of only the basal membrane. Spores 10-13 p, faintly papillose
or smooth.

Papillae on dorsal surface of leaf unbranched, curved toward leaf tip._...T. hirtella
Papillae with 2-4 points, star-shaped _ _ _ T. asprella

           Thelia hirtella (Hedw.) Sull. PLATE 98
  Plants gray-green when dry, pale yellow-green when wet; primary stems
often several cm long, straight, not intermingling; secondary stems short,
crowded, all about the same length, julaceous; paraphyllia often branched.
Leaves very concave, decurrent, almost circular, abruptly apiculate; mar-
gins fringed or jagged below, spiny-toothed above; costa ending about mid-
leaf; leaf cells rhomboidal, pellucid, with a single very large unbranched,
hooked papilla on dorsal surface, the hook curved toward apex, a few
basal cells larger and nonpapillose, cells of apex linear and nonpapillose.
Seta 5-10 cm long; capsule erect, symmetric, cylindric; outer peristome
teeth white, inner peristome reduced to a short membrane. Spores faintly
papillose, 13  .


               LESKEACEAE            93

      Anomodon attenuats (Hedw.) Hueb. PLATE 97
  Plants coarse, matted, dull olive-green. Leaves largest of the genus (in
Florida), lingulate from a broad, ovate base, apex acute, apiculate, often
conspicuously toothed near apex; costa ending below apex; upper cells
rounded, densely papillose and obscure; numerous pellucid, elongate,
nodulose cells next costa at base.
  HABITAT: On bases of trees, stumps, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION:     Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Semi-
nole, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.


                 THELIA
  Plants in light yellowish-green or silvery mats or with primary stems
elongate and spreading, pinnately branched, branches short, crowded,
julaceous; paraphyllia slender and thread-like or branched, conspicuous.
Leaves crowded, very concave, decurrent, broadly ovate, abruptly apicu-
late, margins fringed or jagged below, more or less toothed above; costa
ending in mid-leaf or below; upper leaf cells rhomboidal, thick-walled,
with a single very large simple or forked papilla on the dorsal surface;
apical cells elongate, papillose or smooth; basal cells various, larger than
median, smooth. Dioicous. Seta 5-16 mm long; capsule erect, symmetric,
cylindric; calyptra small, hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; annulus
absent; peristome teeth slender, whitish; inner peristome rudimentary,
consisting of only the basal membrane. Spores 10-13 p, faintly papillose
or smooth.

Papillac on dorsal surface of leaf unbranched, curved toward leaf tip.T. hirtella
Papillae with 2-4 points, star-shaped T. asprella

           Thelia hirtella (Hedw.) Sull. PLATE 98
  Plants gray-green when dry, pale yellow-green when wet; primary stems
often several em long, straight, not intermingling; secondary stems short,
crowded, all about the same length, julaceous; paraphyllia often branched.
Leaves very concave, decurrent, almost circular, abruptly apiculate; mar-
gins fringed or jagged below, spiny-toothed above; costa ending about mid-
leaf; leaf cells rhomboidal, pellucid, with a single very large unbranched,
hooked papilla on dorsal surface, the book curved toward apex, a few
basal cells larger and nonpapillose, cells of apex linear and nonpapillose.
Seta 5-10 cm long; capsule erect, symmetric, cylindric; outer peristome
teeth white, inner peristome reduced to a short membranc. Spores faintly
papillose, 13 g,


               LESKEACEAE            93

      Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Hueb. PLATE 97
 Plants coarse, matted, dull olive-green. Leaves largest of the genus (in
 Florida), lingulate from a broad, ovate base, apex acute, apiculate, often
 conspicuously toothed near apex; costa ending below apex; upper cells
rounded, densely papillose and obscure; numerous pellucid, elongate,
nodulose cells next costa at base.
HABITAT: On bases of trees, stumps, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION:     Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Semi-
nole, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.


                 THELIA
 Plants in light yellowish-green or silvery mats or with primary stems
 elongate and spreading, pinnately branched, branches short, crowded,
 julaceous; paraphyllia slender and thread-like or branched, conspicuous.
 Leaves crowded, very concave, decurrent, broadly ovate, abruptly apicu-
late, margins fringed or jagged below, more or less toothed above; costa
ending in mid-leaf or below; upper leaf cells rhomboidal, thick-walled,
with a single very large simple or forked papilla on the dorsal surface;
apical cells elongate, papillose or smooth; basal cells various, larger than
median, smooth. Dioicous. Seta 5-16 mm long; capsule erect, symmetric,
cylindric; calyptra small, hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; annulus
absent; peristome teeth slender, whitish; inner peristome rudimentary,
consisting of only the basal membrane. Spores 10-13 p, faintly papillose
or smooth.

Papillae on dorsal surface of leaf unbranched, curved toward leaf Lip_.-T. hirtella
Papillae with 2-4 points, star-shaped .....T. asprella

           Thelia hirtella (Hedw.) Sull. PLATE 98
  Plants gray-green when dry, pale yellow-green when wet; primary stems
often several em long, straight, not intermingling; secondary stems short,
crowded, all about the same length, julaceous; paraphyllia often branched.
Leaves very concave, decurrent, almost circular, abruptly apiculate; mar-
gins fringed or jagged below, spiny-toothed above; costa ending about mid-
leaf; leaf cells rhomboidal, pellucid, with a single very large unbranched,
hooked papilla on dorsal surface, the hook curved toward apex, a few
basal cells larger and nonpapillose, cells of apex linear and nonpapillose.
Seta 5-10 cm long; capsule erect, symmetric, cylindric; outer peristome
teeth white, inner peristome reduced to a short membrane. Spores faintly
papillose, 13 p.



94           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
HABITAT: On bark of living trees or on decaying wood.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state. Alachua,
Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Her-
nando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Pasco, Polk, Santa Rosa,
Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taslor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.


94           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

HABITAT: On bark of living trees or on decaying wood.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state. Alachua,
Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Her-
nando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Pasco, Polk, Santa Rosa,
Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.


94


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


HABITAT: On bark of living trees or on decaying wood.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state. Alachua,
Citrus, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Her-
nando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty,
Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau, Okaloosa, Pasco, Polk, Santa Rosa,
Seminole, Sumter, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.


Thelia asprella Sull.


PLATE 98


Thelia asprella Sull.


PLATE 98


Thelia asprella Sull.


PLATE 98


  Plants whitish-green, in loose to compact mats, branching irregularly,
otherwise similar to T. hirtella in appearance. Leaf apex shorter and with
shorter cells, sometimes papillose; cells with a single large, low, 2-4-
branched papilla; margins fringed or jagged throughout; costa short. Cap-
sule as in the preceding; spores 10 p.
  HABITAT: Around bases of trees, on soil or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Franklin, Hernando, Highlands, Lake,
Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole,
Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  Thelia lescurii Sull. seems to be merely a habitat variant of T. asprella.
Forms growing on soil or rock have been called T. lescurii, but these in-
tergrade with T. asprella, considered by some to be a corticolous species.


                 LESKEA
 Plants small, growing in thin spreading mats, dark green or brownish,
 dull; stems prostrate, irregularly pinnately branched, brown radicles on
 older parts of stems, usually bearing a few small filamentous paraphyllia.
 Leaves overlapping when dry, somewhat spreading when moist, concave,
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate; costa extending to mid-leaf
or into acumination; margins entire or slightly toothed at apex, plane or
revolute in lower part of leaf; upper cells quadrate-hexagonal, papillose
on one or both surfaces; basal marginal cells quadrate to horizontally elon-
gated. Monoicous. Setae long, reddish; capsules short to long cylindrical,
erect or nearly so; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; an-
nulus revoluble, of 1-3 rows of cells; peristome teeth pale yellow, linear,
sometimes split in lower half, papillose; basal membrane thin, hyaline.
Spores papillose.

1. Leaves very small, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acumination half the length of
  leaf; costa ending near apex, rough on back.--............_._......... . L. australis
L Leaves larger, acumination short; costa ending well below apex
  2. Leaves symmetric, apex narrowly triangular; cells papillose on lower Sur-
    face; margins  revolute.--.--....._g............................_ _.......L. gracilescens
  2. Leaves asymmetric, apex broad; cells papillose on both surfaces; margins
    plane. . . . ......  ..----.......... . .. obscura


  Plants whitish-green, in loose to compact mats, branching irregularly,
otherwise similar to T. hirtella in appearance. Leaf apex shorter and with
shorter cells, sometimes papillose; cells with a single large, low, 2-4-
branched papilla; margins fringed or jagged throughout; costa short. Cap-
sule as in the preceding; spores 10 p.
  HAB11AT: Around bases of trees, on soil or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Franklin, Hernando, Highlands, Lake,
Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole,
Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  Thelia lescurii Sull. seems to be merely a habitat variant of T. asprella.
Forms growing on soil or rock have been called T. lescurii, but these in-
tergrade with T. asprella, considered by some to be a corticolous species.


                 LESKEA
  Plants small, growing in thin spreading mats, dark green or brownish,
dull; stems prostrate, irregularly pinnately branched, brown radicles on
older parts of stems, usually bearing a few small filamentous paraphyllia.
Leaves overlapping when dry, somewhat spreading when moist, concave,
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate; costa extending to mid-leaf
or into acumination; margins entire or slightly toothed at apex, plane or
revolute in lower part of leaf; upper cells quadrate-hexagonal, papillose
on one or both surfaces; basal marginal cells quadrate to horizontally elon-
gated. Monoicous. Setae long, reddish; capsules short to long cylindrical,
erect or nearly so; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; an-
nulus revoluble, of I-3 rows of cells; peristome teeth pale yellow, linear,
sometimes split in lower half, papillose; basal membrane thin, hyaline.
Spores papillose.

1. Leaves very small, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acumination half the length of
  leaf; costa ending near apex, rough on backL. australis
1. Leaves larger, acumination short; costa ending well below apex
  2. Leaves symmetric, apex narrowly triangular; cells papillose on lower sur-
    face; margins revolute..     .--------------------- ..... . ._. gracilescens
  2. Leaves asymmetric, apex broad; cells papillose on both surfaces; margins
    plane_       ............L........... . obscura


  Plants whitish-green, in loose to compact mats, branching irregularly,
otherwise similar to T. hirtella in appearance. Leaf apex shorter and with
shorter cells, sometimes papillose; cells with a single large, low, 2-4-
branched papilla; margins fringed or jagged throughout; costa short. Cap-
sule as in the preceding; spores 10 p.
  HABITAT: Around bases of trees, on soil or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Bay, Franklin, Hernando, Highlands, Lake,
Leon, Liberty, Manatec, Marion, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole,
Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  Thelia lescurii Sull. seems to be merely a habitat variant of T. asprella.
Forms growing on soil or rock have been called T. lescurii, but these in-
tergrade with T. asprella, considered by some to be a corticolous species.


                 LESKEA
  Plants small, growing in thin spreading mats, dark green or brownish,
dull; stems prostrate, irregularly pinnately branched, brown radicles on
older parts of stems, usually bearing a few small filamentous paraphyllia.
Leaves overlapping when dry, somewhat spreading when moist, concave,
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse to acuminate; costa extending to mid-leaf
or into acumination; margins entire or slightly toothed at apex, plane or
revolute in lower part of leaf; upper cells quadrate-hexagonal, papillose
on one or both surfaces; basal marginal cells quadrate to horizontally elon-
gated. Monoicous. Setae long, reddish; capsules short to long cylindrical,
erect or nearly so; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; an-
nulus revoluble, of t-3 rows of cells; peristome teeth pale yellow, linear,
sometimes split in lower half, papillose; basal membrane thin, hyaline.
Spores papillose.

1. Leaves very small, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acumination half the length of
  leaf; costa ending near apex, rough on back......_______.. .............__L. australis
1. Leaves larger, acumination short; costa ending well below apex
  2. Leaves symmetric, apex narrowly triangular; cells papillose on lower sur-
    face;  m argins  revolute ........................---- ____ ..............__L.  gracilescens
  2. Leaves asymmetric, apex broad; cells papillose on both surfaces; margins
    p lan e....._....______.... ..............................-----------....... ....... ............. .L .  ob scu ra



               LESKEACEAE            95

            Lesea australis Sharp PLATE 99
 Plants smallest of the genus (in Florida), growing in thin, spreading,
 dark olive-green to blackish interwoven mats. Stems irregularly branching,
 branch leaves smaller than stem leaves; paraphyllia short and inconspicu-
 ous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather long-acuminate, entire, basal margins
 reflexed; costa ending near apex, rough on back; leaf cells small, quadrate-
 hexagonal, papillose on dorsal side, undifferentiated except for 3-4 rows
 of quadrate cells along basal margins. Capsule erect, short cylindric, yel-
 lowish to brown; operculum conic, short-beaked; annulus of 1-3 rows of
inflated colorless cells; peristome teeth yellow, linear, papillose, some-
times split in lower half, basal membrane hyaline, one-fourth to one-third
the length of the teeth, segments rudimentary or absent. Spores slightly
papillose, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On roots and bases of trees or on rotten wood.
  DIsTrnBUT1ON: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, De Soto, Gadsden, High-
lands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Madison,
Polk, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, W9 akulla Counties.


    95

PLATE 99


Leskea australis Sharp


Plants smallest of the genus (in Florida), growing in thin, spreading,
dark olive-green to blackish interwoven mats. Stems irregularly branching,
branch leaves smaller than stem leaves; paraphyllia short and inconspicu-
ous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather long-acuminate, entire, basal margins
reflexed; costa ending near apex, rough on back; leaf cells small, quadrate-
hexagonal, papillose on dorsal side, undifferentiated except for 3-4 rows
of quadrate cells along basal margins. Capsule erect, short cylindric, yel-
lowish to brown; operculum conic, short-beaked; annulus of 1-3 rows of
inflated colorless cells; peristome teeth yellow, linear, papillose, some-
times split in lower half, basal membrane hyaline, one-fourth to one-third
the length of the teeth, segments rudimentary or absent. Spores slightly
papillose, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On roots and bases of trees or on rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, De Soto, Gadsden, High-
lands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Madison,
Polk, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.

           Leskea gracilescens Hedw. PLATE 99
  Plants in thin mats, dark green to blackish; stems irregularly branch-
ing; paraphyllia small, few. Leaves closely overlapping when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, symmetrical, ovate, gradually tapering to an acute
apex, sometimes 2-folded, reflexed below; costa ending a few cells below
apex; cells as in L. australis, the cells with a single papilla on dorsal sur-
face. Capsule erect, symmetric, oblong-cylindric; peristome teeth whitish,
papillose; basal membrane hyaline, about one-fourth the length of the
teeth, segments rudimentary,
  HABITAT: On bark.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida:        Leon County.


               LESKEACEAE            95

            Leskea australis Sharp PLATE 99
 Plants smallest of the genus (in Florida), growing in thin, spreading,
 dark olive-green to blackish interwoven mats. Stems irregularly branching,
 branch leaves smaller than stem leaves; paraphyllia short and inconspicu-
 ous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather long-acuminate, entire, basal margins
 reflexed; costa ending near apex, rough on back; leaf cells small, quadrate-
 hexagonal, papillose on dorsal side, undifferentiated except for 3-4 rows
 of quadrate cells along basal margins. Capsule erect, short cylindric, yel-
 lowish to brown; operculum conic, short-beaked; annulus of 1-3 rows of
inflated colorless cells; peristome teeth yellow, linear, papillose, some-
times split in lower half, basal membrane hyaline, one-fourth to one-third
the length of the teeth, segments rudimentary or absent. Spores slightly
papillose, 16-18 p.
  HABITAT: On roots and bases of trees or on rotten wood.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, De Soto, Gadsden, High-
lands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Madison,
Polk, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.


Leskea gracilescens Hedw.


PLATE 99


Leskea gracilescens Hedw.


PLATE 99


Plants in thin mats, dark green to blackish; stems irregularly branch-
ing; paraphyllia small, few. Leaves closely overlapping when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, symmetrical, ovate, gradually tapering to an acute
apex, sometimes 2-folded, reflexed below; costa ending a few cells below
apex; cells as in L. australis, the cells with a single papilla on dorsal sur-
face. Capsule erect, symmetric, oblong-cylindric; peristome teeth whitish,
papillose; basal membrane hyaline, about one-fourth the length of the
teeth, segments rudimentary.
  HABITAT: On bark.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida:        Leon County.


Plants in thin mats, dark green to blackish; stems irregularly branch-
ing; paraphyllia small, few. Leaves closely overlapping when dry, erect-
spreading when moist, symmetrical, ovate, gradually tapering to an acute
apex, sometimes 2-folded, reflexed below; costa ending a few cells below
apex; cells as in L. australis, the cells with a single papilla on dorsal sur-
face. Capsule erect, symmetric, oblong-cylindric; peristome teeth whitish,
papillose; basal membrane hyaline, about one-fourth the length of the
teeth, segments rudimentary.
  HABITAT: On bark.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida:        Leon County.


Leskea obscura Hedw.


PLATE 99


Leskea obscura Hedw.


PLATE 99


Leskea obscura Hedw.


PLATE 99


Plants delicate, loosely spreading, branching sparsely, dark dirty-green
to brownish, paraphyllia small, few. Leaves asymmetric, broadly ovate-
lanceolate, acumination short, obtuse, margins plane, slightly toothed at
apex; costa ending some distance below apex; cells quadrate-hexagonal,
usually papillose on both surfaces. Capsule erect, cylindrical, noticeably
tapering at base toward seta, yellowish-brown; peristome teeth pale yel-
low, linear, papillose, basal membrane short, segments linear, short.
HABITAT: Around bases of trees or on soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon Counties.
                THUIDIUM
  Plants slender to robust, dull, regularly or irregularly pinnately to tri-


Plants delicate, loosely spreading, branching sparsely, dark dirty-green
to brownish, paraphyllia small, few. Leaves asymmetric, broadly ovate-
lanceolate, acumination short, obtuse, margins plane, slightly toothed at
apex; costa ending some distance below apex; cells quadrate-hexagonal,
usually papillose on both surfaces. Capsule erect, cylindrical, noticeably
tapering at base toward seta, yellowish-brown; peristome teeth pale yel-
low, linear, papillose, basal membrane short, segments linear, short.
HABITAT: Around bases of trees or on soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon Counties.
                THUIDIUM
  Plants slender to robust, dull, regularly or irregularly pinnately to tri-


Plants delicate, loosely spreading, branching sparsely, dark dirty-green
to brownish, paraphyllia small, few. Leaves asymmetric, broadly ovate-
lanceolate, acumination short, obtuse, margins plane, slightly toothed at
apex; costa ending some distance below apex; cells quadrate-hexagonal,
usually papillose on both surfaces. Capsule erect, cylindrical, noticeably
tapering at base toward seta, yellowish-brown; peristome teeth pale yel-
low, linear, papillose, basal membrane short, segments linear, short.
HABITAT: Around bases of trees or on soil.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Leon Counties.
                TH UIDIUM
  Plants slender to robust, dull, regularly or irregularly pinnately to tri-



96           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
pinnately branching, often resembling a fern; numerous and often large
multiform paraphyllia on stems and branches. Stem and branch leaves dif-
ferentiated; stem leaves ovate-acuminate; branch leaves smaller, concave,
ovate, obtuse to acuminate, ending in a blunt cell having 2-4 papillae;
costa single, strong, ending above mid-leaf; leaf cells small, round-hexag-
onal, papillose. Perichaetial leaves differentiated. Scta elongate, reddish,
smooth or papillose; capsule erect to inclined, often curved; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum long-beaked; annulus present; peristome double.
Spores small.

1. Paraphyllia numerous, large, branched
  2. Stems regularly bi- or tripinnately branching; inner perichaetial leaves end-
    ing in a hair-point.....................................-.......-..----___.----____-T. delicatulum
  2. Stems less regularly branching; perichaetial leaves not ending in a hair-
    point- ..................................- ............... ....__.--- - -------....T.  allenii
1. Paraphyllia few to numerous, small, linear, mostly unbranched, seldom more
  than 6-8 cells long
  2. Seta smooth; stem branching pinnate _ _ _ T. minutulum
  2. Seta rough
    3. Stem branching bipinnate; inner perichaetial leaves ending in a hair-
    point_ . ___..___________-..._.__.________... . . . . . ....... T. schistocalyx
    3. Stem branching pinnate; inner perichaetial leaves long-acuminate but
      not  ending  in  a  hair-point.........____ .............._____________....T.  involvens

      Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 100
  Plants large, coarse, in intricately woven mats, yellow-green to brown-
ish, dull, stiff when dry, fernlike when moist; stems long, regularly bi- or
tripinnately branching; paraphyllia numerous, multiform, sometimes very
large. Stem leaves widely spaced, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate,
flattened when dry, erect-spreading when moist, margins recurved, costa
ending in apex; cells small, angular, usually with a single papilla on each
surface. Branch leaves smaller, crowded, ovate-acuminate, the terminal
cells with 2-4 papillae. Inner perichaetial leaves slender, long-acuminate,
ending in a hair-point. Dioicous. Seta 2-3 cm long, brownish; capsule
large, cylindric, curved, inclined to horizontal, yellowish-brown; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; annulus present; peristome per-
fect. Spores smooth to slightly papillose, 13-18 p.
  HABITAT: On soil, rotting wood, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

            Thuidium allenii Aust. PLATE 101
 Plants in loose mats, yellowisb-green, stems irregularly bipinnately
branching; paraphyllia multiform, numerous on primary stems, few or
none on branches. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, concave, mar-
gins recurved, costa strong, ending below apex; cells small, rounded to


96           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

pinnately branching, often resembling a fern; numerous and often large
multiform paraphyllia on stems and branches. Stem and branch leaves dif-
ferentiated; stem leaves ovate-acuminate; branch leaves smaller, concave,
ovate, obtuse to acuminate, ending in a blunt cell having 2-4 papillae;
costa single, strong, ending above mid-leaf; leaf cells small, round-hexag-
onal, papillose. Perichaetial leaves differentiated. Seta elongate, reddish,
smooth or papillose; capsule erect to inclined, often curved; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum long-beaked; annulus present; peristome double.
Spores small.

1. Paraphyllia numerous, large, branched
  2. Stems regularly bi- or tripinnately branching; inner perichaetial leaves end-
    ing  in  a  hair-point - .... -.- ------....... ....................... .....T. delicatulum
  2. Stems less regularly branching; perichaetial leaves not ending in a hair-
    point  ----.-..-...................................... -----...... . . .............T .  allenii
1. Paraphyllia few to numerous, small, linear, mostly unbranched, seldom more
  than 6-8 cells long
  2. Seta smooth; stem branching pinnate .. .. T. minutulum
  2. Seta rough
    3. Stem branching bipinnate; inner perichaetial leaves ending in a hair
    point.......................................... .................... . T .  schistocalyx
    3. Stem branching pinnate; inner perichaetial leaves long-acuminate but
      not ending in a hair-point . _ _.T. involvens

      Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 100
  Plants large, coarse, in intricately woven mats, yellow-green to brown-
ish, dull, stiff when dry, fernlike when moist; stems long, regularly bi- or
tripinnately branching; paraphyllia numerous, multiform, sometimes very
large. Stem leaves widely spaced, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate,
flattened when dry, erect-spreading when moist, margins recurved, costa
ending in apex; cells small, angular, usually with a single papilla on each
surface. Branch leaves smaller, crowded, ovate-acuminate, the terminal
cells with 2-4 papillae. Inner perichaetial leaves slender, long-acuminate,
ending in a hair-point. Dioicous. Seta 2-3 cm long, brownish; capsule
large, cylindric, curved, inclined to horizontal, yellowish-brown; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; annulus present; peristome per-
fect. Spores smooth to slightly papillose, 13-18 p.
  HABITAT: On soil, rotting wood, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

            Thuidium allenii Aust. PLATE 101
 Plants in loose mats, yellowish-green, stems irregularly bipinnately
branching; paraphyllia multiform, numerous on primary sterns, few or
none on branches. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, concave, mar-
gins recurved, costa strong, ending below apex; cells small, rounded to


96


MOSSES OF FLOPIDA


pinnately branching, often resembling a fern; numerous and often large
multiform paraphyllia on stems and branches. Stem and branch leaves dif-
ferentiated; stem leaves ovate-acuminate; branch leaves smaller, concave,
ovate, obtuse to acuminate, ending in a blunt cell having 2-4 papillae;
costa single, strong, ending above mid-leaf; leaf cells small, round-hexag-
onal, papillose. Perichaetial leaves differentiated. Seta elongate, reddish,
smooth or papillose; capsule erect to inclined, often curved; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum long-beaked; annulus present; peristome double.
Spores small.

1. Paraphyllia numerous, large, branched
  2. Stems regularly bi- or tripinnately branching; inner perichaetial leaves end-
    ing  in  a  hair-point .........................______. --..-....................- T . delicatulum
  2. Stems less regularly branching; perichaetial leaves not ending in a hair-
    point - ....----------------................................ __.... ._.................._ _,-T .  allenii
1. Paraphyllia few to numerous, small, linear, mostly unbranched, seldom more
  than 6-8 cells long
  2. Seta smooth; stem branching pinnate. . . . T. minutulum
  2. Seta rough
    3. Stem branching bipinnate; inner perichaetial leaves ending in a hair-
    point.-_................_-. .... _.........................-- - - --.............. ... T . schistocalyx
    3. Stem branching pinnate; inner perichaetial leaves long-acuminate but
    not ending in a hair-point. ........... T. involvens

       Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 100
  Plants large, coarse, in intricately woven mats, yellow-green to brown-
ish, dull, stiff when dry, fernlike when moist; stems long, regularly bi- or
tripinnately branching; paraphyllia numerous, multiform, sometimes very
large. Stem leaves widely spaced, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate,
flattened when dry, erect-spreading when moist, margins recurved, costa
ending in apex; cells small, angular, usually with a single papilla on each
surface. Branch leaves smaller, crowded, ovate-acuminate, the terminal
cells with 2-4 papillae. Inner perichaetial leaves slender, long-acuminate,
ending in a hair-point. Dioicous. Seta 2-3 cm    long, bro-nish; capsule
large, cylindric, curved, inclined to horizontal, yellowish-brown; calyptra
hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked; annulus present; peristome per-
fect. Spores smooth to slightly papillose, 13-18 p.
  HABITAT: On soil, rotting wood, limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state.

            Thuidium allenii Aust. PLATE 101
 Plants in loose mats, yellowish-green, stems irregularly bipinnately
branching; paraphyllia multiform, numerous on primary stems, few or
none on branches. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, apiculate, concave, mar-
gins recurved, costa strong, ending below apex; cells small, rounded to



               LESKEACEAE            97
hexagonal, with low papillae on each side. Branch leaves much smaller,
broadly ovate, concave, costa to mid-leaf or beyond, apex acute to obtuse,
the terminal cells with 2-3 papillae; perichaetial leaves not ending in a
hair-point. Mature sporophytes unknown.
  HABITAT: On decaying wood or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Manatee, Nassau, Vo-
lusia Counties.
        Thuidium minutulum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 101
  Plants small, in dark green, thin mats, stems once pinnately branching;
paraphyllia short, few, mostly unbranched. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, concave, lower margins revolute, costa extending to base of
acumination; branch Icaves smaller, concave, incurved at tips when dry,
ovate, short-acuminate, costa ending above mid-leaf; cells hexagonal, thick-
walled, with several papillae. Perichaetial leaves long-acuminate, entire.
Seta 1-2 cm long, red, smooth; capsule small, inclined to horizontal, asym-
metric; operculum long-beaked. Spores smooth, 10-12 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone, old bricks, soil, rotten wood, occasionally
around bases of trees.
  DISTRIEUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade,
Duval, Gadsden, Glades, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River, Jackson,
Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau,
Polk, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.
Thuidium minutulum is frequently associated with Barbula cruegeri
and Eucladium verticillatum on limestone or calcareous soils.

       Thuidium    SchiStocalyx (C. M.) Mitt.       PLATE 101
  Plants in thin yellowish-green mats growing close to substratum; stems
bipinnately branching; paraphyllia numerous, up to about 6 cells long,
conspicuously papillose. Leaves somewhat incurved when dry; stem leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; branch leaves smaller, with shorter acumi-
nation; costa ending mid-leaf or above; leaf cells small, hexagonal, with
several small papillae. Margins of inner perichaetial leaves with hair-like
lobes, not so conspicuously papillose; costa percurrent or nearly so. Seta
rough or papillose; capsules not seen.
HAEITAT: On soil.
DtsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Known only from Dade County.

        Thuidium involvens (Hedw.) Mitt. PLATE 101
 Plants small, growing in dark green, thin mats; stems once pinnately
branched; paraphyllia few, mostly short and linear, occasionally 2-3 cells


               LESKEACEAE            97
hexagonal, with low papillae on each side. Branch leaves much smaller,
broadly ovate, concave, costa to mid-leaf or beyond, apex acute to obtuse,
the terminal cells with 2-3 papillae; perichaetial leaves not ending in a
hair-point. Mature sporophytes unknown.
  HABITAT: On decaying wood or soil.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Manatee, Nassau, Vo-
lusia Counties.
        Thuidium minutulum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 101
  Plants small, in dark green, thin mats, stems once pinnately branching;
paraphyllia short, few, mostly unbranched. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, concave, lower margins revolute, costa extending to base of
acumination; branch leaves smaller, concave, incurved at tips when dry,
ovate, short-acuminate, costa ending above mid-leaf; cells hexagonal, thick-
walled, with several papillae. Perichaetial leaves long-acuminate, entire.
Seta 1-2 cm long, red, smooth; capsule small, inclined to horizontal, asym-
metric; operculum long-beaked. Spores smooth, 10-12 p.
  HABITAT: On limestone, old bricks, soil, rotten wood, occasionally
around bases of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade,
Duval, Gadsden, Glades, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River, Jackson,
Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau,
Polk, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.
Thuidium minutulum is frequently associated with Barbula cruegeri
and Eucladium verticillatum on limestone or calcareous soils.

       Thuidium   schistocalyx (C. M.) Mitt.        PLATE 101
  Plants in thin yellowish-green mats growing close to substratum; stems
bipinnately branching; paraphyllia numerous, up to about 6 cells long,
conspicuously papillose. Leaves somewhat incurved when dry; stem leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; branch leaves smaller, with shorter acumi-
nation; costa ending mid-leaf or above; leaf cells small, hexagonal, with
several small papillae. Margins of inner perichaetial leaves with hair-like
lobes, not so conspicuously papillose; costa percurrent or nearly so. Seta
rough or papillose; capsules not seen.
  HABITAT: On soil.
  DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Known only from Dade County.

        Thuidium involvens (Hedw.) Mitt. PLATE 101
 Plants small, growing in dark green, thin mats; stems once pinnately
branched; paraphyllia few, mostly short and linear, occasionally 2-3 cells


               LESKEACEAE            97
hexagonal, with low papillae on each side. Branch leaves much smaller,
broadly ovate, concave, costa to mid-leaf or beyond, apex acute to obtuse,
the terminal cells with 2-3 papillae; perichaetial leaves not ending in a
hair-point. Mature sporophytes unknown.
  HABITAT: On decaying wood or soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Manatee, Nassau, Vo-
lusia Counties.
        Thuidium minutulum (Hedw.) BSG PLATE 101
  Plants small, in dark green, thin mats, stems once pinnately branching;
paraphyllia short, few, mostly unbranched. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, concave, lower margins revolute, costa extending to base of
acumination; branch leaves smaller, concave, incurved at tips when dry,
ovate, short-acuminate, costa ending above mid-leaf; cells hexagonal, thick-
walled, with several papillae. Perichaetial leaves long-acuminate, entire.
Seta 1-2 cm long, red, smooth; capsule small, inclined to horizontal, asym-
metric; operculum long-beaked. Spores smooth, 10-12 a.
  HABITAT: On limestone, old bricks, soil, rotten wood, occasionally
around bases of trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade,
Duval, Gadsden, Glades, Hernando, Highlands, Indian River, Jackson,
Jefferson, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau,
Polk, Seminole, Wakulla Counties.
Thuidium minutulum is frequently associated with Barbula cruegeri
and Eucladium verticillatum on limestone or calcareous soils.

       Thuidium   Schisnocalyx (C. M.) Mitt.        PLATE 101
  Plants in thin yellowish-green mats growing close to substratum; stems
bipinnately branching; paraphyllia numerous, up to about 6 cells long,
conspicuously papillose. Leaves somewhat incurved when dry; stem leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; branch leaves smaller, with shorter acumi-
nation; costa ending mid-leaf or above; leaf cells small, hexagonal, with
several small papillae. Margins of inner perichaetial leaves with hair-like
lobes, not so conspicuously papillose; costa percurrent or nearly so. Seta
rough or papillose; capsules not seen.
  HABITAT: On soil.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Known only from Dade County.

        Thuidium involvens (Hedw.) Mitt. PLATE 101
 Plants small, growing in dark green, thin mats; stems once pinnately
branched; paraphyllia few, mostly short and linear, occasionally 2-3 cells



98           MOSSES OF FLORIDA
wide at base. Stem leaves distant, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate,
widespreading, tips inceurved when dry; costa ending at base of acumi-
nation; branch leaves smaller, ovate, scarcely acuminate, concave, costa
nearer lower margin of leaf, and extending beyond mid-leaf; leaf cells
irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 1-4 papillae per cell. Inner perichactial
leaves long-acuminate, without hair-like lobes, costa percurrent. Seta dark
red, conspicuously papillose its entire length; capsule ovoid, inclined,
asymmetric.
  HABITAT: On ground debris in rich hammocks.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Duval, Highlands, Seminole Counties.

              HAPLOCLADIUM

    Haplocladium    microphyllum    (Hedw.) Broth.     PLATE 100
        Thuidium microphyllum    (Hedw.) Best
  Plants in thin, dull, yellowish or brownish-green mats, steos irregularly
pinnately branching; paraphyllia frequently large, multiform, conspic-
uous. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, concave, longi-
tudinally pleated; branch leaves smaller, with shorter acumination; apical
cells of branch leaves ending in a single sharp papilla; median leaf cells
hexagonal, thick-walled, papillae sometimes obscure; apical and basal cells
somewhat longer. Autoicous. Inner perichaetial leaves sheathing, long-
acuminate. Seta elongate; capsule cylindric, inclined; operculum conic-
apiculate; annulus present; peristome double. Spores smooth, 10 p.
HAEITAT: On soil, rotting wood, limestone.
DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread. Probably in every county.



           HYPOPTERYGIACEAE

              HYPOPTERYGIUM

    Hypopterygium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 102
 Primary stems slender, creeping, and bearing dendroid secondary stems
 up to 3 cm in height that are pinnately or bipinnately branched, flattened.
 Lateral leaves 2-ranked, asymmetric, ovate, with toothed, acute tips, the
costa nearer the lower margin and ending above leaf middle. Ventral
leaves (amphigastria) much smaller, in one row, acuminate, costa per-
current to excurrent. Leaf cells diamond-shaped or hexagonal, smooth;
margin of elongated hyaline cells with prominent teeth in the upper third
of the leaf. Seta yellowish red, elongate.


98           MOSSES OF FLORIDA

wide at base. Stem leaves distant, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate,
widespreading, tips incurved when dry; costa ending at base of acumi-
nation; branch leaves smaller, ovate, scarcely acuminate, concave, costa
nearer lower margin of leaf, and extending beyond mid-leaf; leaf cells
irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 1-4 papillae per cell. Inner perichaetial
leaves long-acuminate, without hair-like lobes, costa percurrent. Seta dark
red, conspicuously papillose its entire length; capsule ovoid, inclined,
asymtmetric.
  HABITAT: On ground debris in rich hammocks.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Duval, Highlands, Seminole Counties.

              HAPLOCLADIUM

    Haplocladium    microphyllum   (Hedw.) Broth. PLATE 100
        Thuidium microphyllum (Hedw.) Best
  Plants in thin, dull, yellowish or brownish-green mats, stems irregularly
pinnately branching; paraphyllia frequently large, multiform, conspic-
uous. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, concave, longi-
tudinally pleated; branch leaves smaller, with shorter acumination; apical
cells of branch leaves ending in a single sharp papilla; median leaf cells
hexagonal, thick-walled, papillae sometimes obscure; apical and basal cells
somewhat longer. Autoicous. Inner perichaetial leaves sheathing, long-
acuminate. Seta elongate; capsule cylindric, inclined; operculum conic-
apiculate; annulus present; peristome double. Spores smooth, 10 p.
HABITAT: On soil, rotting wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread. Probably in every county.



           HYPOPTERYGIACEAE
              HYPOPTERYGIUM

    Hypopterygium    tamariscinum   (Hedw.) Brid.     PLATE 102
 Primary stems slender, creeping, and bearing dendroid secondary stems
 up to 3 cm in height that are pinnately or bipinnately branched, flattened.
 Lateral leaves 2-ranked, asymmetric, ovate, with toothed, acute tips, the
costa nearer the lower margin and ending above leaf middle. Ventral
leaves (amphigastria) much smaller, in one row, acuminate, costa per-
current to excurrent. Leaf cells diamond-shaped or hexagonal, smooth;
margin of elongated hyaline cells with prominent teeth in the upper third
of the leaf. Seta yellowish red, elongate.


99


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


wide at base. Stem leaves distant, ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate,
widespreading, tips incurved when dry; costa ending at base of acumi-
nation; branch leaves smaller, ovate, scarcely acuminate, concave, costa
nearer lower margin of leaf, and extending beyond mid-leaf; leaf cells
irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 1-4 papillae per cell. Inner perichaetial
leaves long-acuminate, without hair-like lobes, costa percurrent. Seta dark
red, conspicuously papillose its entire length; capsule ovoid, inclined,
asysmmetric.
  HAEITAT: On ground debris in rich hammocks.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, Duval, Highlands, Seminole Counties.

              HAPLOCLADIUM

    Haplocladium    microphyllum    (Hedw.) Broth.     PLATE 100
        Thuidium msicrophllum (Hedw.) Best
 Plants in thin, dull, yellowish or brownish-green mats, stems irregularly
pinnately branching; paraphyllia frequently large, multiform, conspic-
uous. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, concave, longi-
tudinally pleated; branch leaves smaller, with shorter acumination; apical
cells of branch leaves ending in a single sharp papilla; median leaf cells
hexagonal, thick-walled, papillae sometimes obscure; apical and basal cells
somewhat longer. Autoicous. Inner perichaetial leaves sheathing, long-
acuminate. Seta elongate; capsule cylindric, inclined; operculum conic-
apiculate; annulus present; peristome double. Spores smooth, 10 p.
HABITAT: On soil, rotting wood, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Widespread. Probably in every county.



           HYPOPTERYGIACEAE

              HYPOPTERYGIUM

    Hypopterygium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 102
 Primary stems slender, creeping, and bearing dendroid secondary stems
 up to 3 cm in height that are pinnately or bipinnately branched, flattened.
 Lateral leaves 2-ranked, asymmetric, ovate, with toothed, acute tips, the
costa nearer the lower margin and ending above leaf middle. Ventral
leaves (atmphigastria) much smaller, in one row, acuminate, costa per-
current to excurrent. Leaf cells diamond-shaped or hexagonal, smooth;
margin of elongated hyaline cells with prominent teeth in the upper third
of the leaf. Seta yellowish red, elongate.



HOOKERIACEAE


99                  HOOKERIACEAE


99


  HABITAT: On moist limestone wall, sink hole.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua County.
  This handsome tropical moss has been collected from Florida only once,
in 1943. Mrs. Mary WV. Diddell and Mr. Edward M1. Shields were search-
ing for interesting ferns and other vascular cryptogams at that time, so
that its discovery was incidental. Mrs. Diddell reported that the plants
were fruiting, but the only specimen at my disposal had merely 2 old
setae.

             HOOKERIACEAE
 Plants small and delicate to robust; primary stems flattened, creeping,
 sparingly branched. Leaves broadly ovate and sharply tipped to ovate-
 lanceolate, flattened, sometimes bordered, sometimes with differentiated
 lateral leaves; costa strong, double (in Florida genera), to middle of leaf
 or beyond; cells smooth or papillose; upper cells isodiametric or elongated,
 basal cells scarcely differentiated. Seta elongate, rough or smooth; cap-
 sule inclined to horizontal; calyptra conic or cap-shaped, lobed or fringed
 at base; peristome double; outer teeth barred and with a median furrow;
 segments pale, delicate, papillose, and without cilia.
                KEY To GENERA
1. Cells small, isodiametric, with one papilla; seta rough.     Callicostella
1. Cells large, smooth
  2. Cells thin-walled, hexagonal; leaves bordered with narrow cells; seta smooth
                                 Cyclodictyon
  2. Cells thicker walled, elongated, lateral leaves asymmetric. Lepidopilum

              CALLICOSTELLA

     Callicostella pallida (Hornsch.) Angstr. PLATE 103
       Callicostella scabriseta (Hook.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants small, dull, whitish-green or brownish. Stemns flattened, spar-
ingly branched. Leaves oblong, with short, abrupt tip; margins plane,
finely toothed by projecting cell angles in upper half, the marginal cells
sometimes not papillose; costa double, strong, extending nearly to apex,
with a conspicuous spine at upper ends on back of leaf; cells small, irregu-
larly isodiametric, with a single large papilla, longer and smoother below,
the median and lower margins sometimes double. Sota 1-2 cm long, con-
spicuously rough to neck of capsule; capsule ovoid, horizontal; calyptra
fragile, soon shed; operculom long, beaked; outer peristome teeth reddish,
barred; segments longer than the teeth, delicate, pale yellow, papillose.
Spores finely papillose, 10-13 p.


  HABITAT: On moist limestone wall, sink hole.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua County.
  This handsome tropical moss has been collected from Florida only once,
in 1943. Mrs. Mars W. Diddell and Mr. Edward M1. Shields were search-
ing for interesting ferns and other vascular cryptogams at that time, so
that its discovery was incidental. Mrs. Diddell reported that the plants
were fruiting, but the only specimen at my disposal had merely 2 old
setae.

             HOOKERIACEAE
  Plants small and delicate to robust; primary stems flattened, creeping,
sparingly branched. Leaves broadly ovate and sharply tipped to ovate-
lanceolate, flattened, sometimes bordered, sometimes with differentiated
lateral leaves; costa strong, double (in Florida genera), to middle of leaf
or beyond; cells smooth or papillose; upper cells isodiametric or elongated,
basal cells scarcely differentiated. Seta elongate, rough or smooth; cap-
sule inclined to horizontal; calyptra conic or cap-shaped, lobed or fringed
at base; peristome double; outer teeth barred and with a median furrow;
segments pale, delicate, papillose, and without cilia.
                KEY TO GENERA
t. Cells small, isodiametric, with one papilla; seta rough.     Callicostella
1. Cells large, smooth
  2. Cells thin-walled, hexagonal; leaves bordered with narrow cells; seta smooth
                                 Cyclodictyon
  2. Cells thicker walled, elongated, lateral leaves asymmetric. Lepidopilum

              CALLICOSTELLA

     Callicostella pallida (Hornsch.) Angstr. PLATE 103
       Callicostella scabriseta (Hook.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
  Plants small, dull, whitish-green or brownish. Stems flattened, spar-
ingly branched. Leaves oblong, with short, abrupt tip; margins plane,
finely toothed by projecting cell angles in upper half, the marginal cells
sometimes not papillose; costa double, strong, extending nearly to apex,
with a conspicuous spine at upper ends on back of leaf; cells small, irregu-
larly isodiametric, with a single large papilla, longer and smoother below,
the median and lower margins sometimes double. Seta 1-2 cm long, con-
spicuously rough to neck of capsule; capsule ovoid, horizontal; calyptra
fragile, soon shed; operculum long, beaked; outer peristome teeth reddish,
barred; segments longer than the teeth, delicate, pale yellow, papillose.
Spores finely papillose, 10-13 p.


              HOOKERIACEAE           99
  HAEITAT: On moist limestone wall, sink hole.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua County.
  This handsome tropical moss has been collected from Florida only once,
in 1943. Mrs. Mary W. Diddell and Mr Edward M. Shields weere search-
ing for interesting ferns and other vascular cryptogams at that time, so
that its discovery was incidental. Mrs. Diddell reported that the plants
were fruiting, but the only specimen at my disposal had merely 2 old
setae.

             HOOKERIACEAE
 Plants small and delicate to robust; primary stems flattened, creeping,
 sparingly branched. Leaves broadly ovate and sharply tipped to ovate-
 lanceolate, flattened, sometimes bordered, sometimes with differentiated
lateral leaves; costa strong, double (in Florida genera), to middle of leaf
or beyond; cells smooth or papillose; upper cells isodiametric or elongated,
basal cells scarcely differentiated. Seta elongate, rough or smooth; cap-
sule inclined to horizontal; calyptra conic or cap-shaped, lobed or fringed
at base; peristome double; outer teeth barred and with a median furrow;
segments pale, delicate, papillose, and without cilia.
                KEY To GENERA
1. Cells small, isodiametric, with one papilla; seta rough  ..... Callicostella
. Cells large, smooth
  2. Cells thin-walled, hexagonal; leaves bordered with narrow cells; seta smooth
                                 Cyclodictyon
  2. Cells thicker walled, elongated, lateral leaves asymmetric........Lepidopilum

              CALLICOSTEILLA

     Cal/icostella pallida (Hornsch.) Angstr.          PLATE 103
       Callicostella scabriseta (Hook.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
 Plants small, dull, whitish-green or brownish. Stems flattened, spar-
ingly branched. Leaves oblong, with short, abrupt tip; margins plane,
finely toothed by projecting cell angles in upper half, the marginal cells
sometimes not papillose; costa double, strong, extending nearly to apex,
with a conspicuous spine at upper ends on back of leaf; cells small, irregu-
larly isodiametric, with a single large papilla, longer and smoother below,
the median and lower margins sometimes double. Seta 1-2 cm long, con-
spicuously rough to neck of capsule; capsule ovoid, horizontal; calyptra
fragile, soon shed; operculum long, beaked; outer peristome teeth reddish,
barred; segments longer than the teeth, delicate, pale yellow, papillose.
Spores finely papillose, 10-13 p.



100


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


100


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


100


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


  HABITAT: On moist soil along streams or on limestone; occasionally
submerged in springs.
  DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, De Soto, Highlands, Lee, Manatee,
Marion, Monroe, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Seminole Counties.

              CYCLODICTYON

      Cyclodictyon varians (Sull.) O. Kuntze         PLATE 103
  Plants delicate, pale green, with bluish iridescence. Stems creeping,
branched, flattened. Leaves oblong-ovate, tapering to a slender tip, bor-
dered by a single row of elongated cells; costa double, conspicuous, ending
above the middle of leaf; cells thin-walled, large, lax, pellucid, bexagonal.
Seta elongate, smooth; capsule short-cylindric, horizontal, asymmetric;
operculum long-beaked; outer peristome teeth broad, blunt, red, barred;
segments orange, densely papillose. Spores papillose, 10 p.
  HABITAT: On moist soil or rotten wood in rich forests, or on wet
limestone; occasionally submerged.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Lake, Leon, Marion,
Orange, Seminole Counties.

               LEPIDOPILUM

     Lepidopilum    polytrichoides (Hedw.) Brid.      PLATE 104
  Plants robust, glossy. Primary stem creeping, sparingly branched, leaves
flattened. Lateral leaves asymmetric, acuminate, sharply toothed in the
upper third; dorsal and ventral leaves smaller; costa strong, double, and
extending to the middle of the leaf; cells smooth, upper 2-4:1, with an
indistinct border of 2-3 rows of longer cells; lower cells elongate, broader
toward the costae, with occasional pits. Very young sporophytes showed
narrow, long-tipped perichaetial leaves.
HABITAT: No information was available for the single Florida speci-
men, which was glued to a card, obscuring the condition of the under side
of the plant. In the tropics it occurs on tree trunks and rock faces.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Escambia County.
This species was included because of a single plant, the packet label
marked:
           "Hookeria. Pensacola, Florida.
              ex herb. C. C. Frost."
 This specimen is in the herbarium of Yale University. The determina-


  HABITAT: On moist soil along streams or on limestone; occasionally
submerged in springs.
  DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, De Soto, Highlands, Lee, Manatee,
Marion, Monroe, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Seminole Counties.

              CYCLODICTYON

      Cyclodicfyon varians (Sull.) O. Kuntze         PLATE 103
  Plants delicate, pale green, with bluish iridescence. Stems creeping,
branched, flattened. Leaves oblong-ovate, tapering to a slender tip, bor-
dered by a single row of elongated cells; costa double, conspicuous, ending
above the middle of leaf; cells thin-valled, large, lax, pellucid, hexagonal.
Seta elongate, smooth; capsule short-cylindric, horizontal, asymmetric;
operculum long-beaked; outer peristome teeth broad, blunt, red, barred;
segments orange, densely papillose. Spores papillose, 10 p.
  HABITAT: On moist soil or rotten wood in rich forests, or on wet
limestone; occasionally submerged.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Lake, Leon, Marion,
Orange, Seminole Counties.

               LEPIDOPILUM

     Lepidopilum polfytichoides (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 104
  Plants robust, glossy. Primary stem creeping, sparingly branched, leaves
flattened. Lateral leaves asymmetric, acuminate, sharply toothed in the
upper third; dorsal and ventral leaves smaller; costa strong, double, and
extending to the middle of the leaf; cells smooth, upper 2-4:1, with an
indistinct border of 2-3 rows of longer cells; lower cells elongate, broader
toward the costae, with occasional pits. Very young sporophytes showed
narrow, long-tipped perichaetial leaves.
HABITAT: No information was available for the single Florida speci-
men, which was glued to a card, obscuring the condition of the under side
of the plant. In the tropics it occurs on tree trunks and rock faces.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Escambia County.
This species was included because of a single plant, the packet label
marked :
           "Hookeria. Pensacola, Florida.
              ox herb. C. C. Frost."
 This specimen is in the herbarium of Yale University. The determina-


  HABITAT: On moist soil along streams or on limestone; occasionally
submerged in springs.
  DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America.
  Florida: Alachua, Collier, Dade, De Soto, Highlands, Lee, Manatee,
Marion, Monroe, Orange, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Seminole Counties.

              CYCLODICTYON

      Cyclodicfyon varians (Sull.) O. Kuntze PLATE 103
  Plants delicate, pale green, with bluish iridescence. Stems creeping,
branched, flattened. Leaves oblong-ovate, tapering to a slender tip, bor-
dered by a single row of elongated cells; costa double, conspicuous, ending
above the middle of leaf; cells thin-walled, large, lax, pellucid, hexagonal.
Seta elongate, smooth; capsule short-cylindric, horizontal, asymmetric;
operculum  long-beaked; outer peristome teeth broad, blunt, red, barred;
segments orange, densely papillose. Spores papillose, 10 p.
  HABITAT: On moist soil or rotten wood in rich forests, or on wet
limestone; occasionally submerged.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Columbia, Dade, Duval, Lake, Leon, Marion,
Orange, Seminole Counties.

               LEPIDOPILUM

     Lepidopilum polytichoids (Hedw.) Brid. PLATE 104
  Plants robust, glossy. Primary stem creeping, sparingly branched, leaves
flattened. Lateral leaves asymmetric, acuminate, sharply toothed in the
upper third; dorsal and ventral leaves smaller; costa strong, double, and
extending to the middle of the leaf; cells smooth, upper 2-4: 1, with an
indistinct border of 2-3 rows of longer cells; lower cells elongate, broader
toward the costae, with occasional pits. Very young sporophytes showed
narrow, long-tipped perichaetial leaves.
HABITAT: No information was available for the single Florida speci-
men, which was glued to a card, obscuring the condition of the under side
of the plant. In the tropics it occurs on tree trunks and rock faces.
DISTPIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Escambia County.
This species was included because of a single plant, the packet label
marked:
           "Hookeria. Pensacola, Florida.
              ex herb. C. C. Frost."
 This specimen is in the herbarium of Yale University. The determina-



NECKERACEAE


101                  NECKERACEAE


101


tion was made by Dr. Winona H. Welch, Dr. Howard A. Crum con-
curring in a 1960 annotation.

             NECKERACEAE

               NECKEROPSIS
 Plants rather robust; primary stems creeping, irregularly branched;
 secondary stems erect or pendent, with leaves crowded. Leaves large, lin-
 gulate, truncate or notched at apex; costa slender, ending above middle,
 nearer the lower leaf margin; upper leaf cells small, smooth, isodiametric
 or nearly so, thick-walled; basal cells longer. Autoicous. Capsules lateral,
 cylindric, immersed or shortly exserted, usually only the conic, beaked
operculum protruding beyond the perichaetial leaves; calyptra hood-
shaped; peristome double, the outer teeth slightly papillose, the inner
teeth whitish, delicate, and smooth, often with median splitting; cilia
absent. Spores smooth, 12-18 p.
Leaves essentially flat when wet..............................................................N. disticha
Leaves transversely  wavy  when  wet. . .  ....................................N. undulata

      Neckeropsis disticha (Hedw.) Kindb. PLATE 105
             Neckera disticha Hedw.
  Leaves flat when wet, asymmetric, the lower side of the base rolled up-
ward. Costa slender, extending beyond the middle, nearer the lower mar-
gin (off center); upper leaf cells small, thick-walled, finely toothed along
upper margins; basal cells elongate. Capsule on short seta; slender, finely
toothed perichaetial leaves entirely surrounding capsule; operculum short,
conic, beaked; peristome teeth slender, sometimes split at base, papillose;
segments as long as the teeth. Spores smooth, 12-18 p.
HABITAT: On trees and stumps, and on limestone; peninsular Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: Common throughout the West Indies, Mexico, Cen-
tral and South America.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough,
Monroe, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.

      Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reich. PLATE 105
            Neckera undulata Hedw.
 Plants larger than N. disticha. Leaves strongly and conspicuously wavy
transversely when wet. Capsule lateral, cylindrical, on short seta, en-
closed by slender perichaetial leaves; operculum about half the length
of the capsule; peristome and spores as in N. disticha.
HABITAT: On trees and stumps, and on limestone; peninsular Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: Common throughout tropical America; Texas.


tion was made by Dr. Winona H. Welch, Dr. Howard A. Crum con-
curring in a 1960 annotation.

             NECKERACEAE

               NECKEROPSIS
 Plants rather robust; primary stems creeping, irregularly branched;
 secondary stems erect or pendent, with leaves crowded. Leaves large, lin-
 gulate, truncate or notched at apex; costa slender, ending above middle,
 nearer the lower leaf margin; upper leaf cells small, smooth, isodiametric
 or nearly so, thick-walled; basal cells longer. Autoicous. Capsules lateral,
 cylindric, immersed or shortly exserted, usually only the conic, beaked
operculum protruding beyond the perichaetial leaves; calyptra hood-
shaped; peristome double, the outer teeth slightly papillose, the inner
teeth whitish, delicate, and smooth, often with median splitting; cilia
absent. Spores smooth, 12-18 p.


               NECKERACEAE           101
tion was made by Dr. Winona H. Welch, Dr. Howard A. Crum con-
curring in a 1960 annotation.

             NECKERACEAE

               NECKEROPSIS
 Plants rather robust; primary stems creeping, irregularly branched;
 secondary stems erect or pendent, with leaves crowded. Leaves large, lin-
 gulate, truncate or notched at apex; costa slender, ending above middle,
 nearer the lower leaf margin; upper leaf cells small, smooth, isodiametric
 or nearly so, thick-walled; basal cells longer. Autoicous. Capsules lateral,
 cylindric, immersed or shortly exserted, usually only the conic, beaked
operculumo protruding beyond the perichaetial leaves; calyptra hood-
shaped; peristome double, the outer teeth slightly papillose, the inner
teeth whitish, delicate, and smooth, often with median splitting; cilia
absent. Spores smooth, 12-18 p.


Leaves essentially flat when wet-
Leaves transversely wavy when wet-


...N. disticha          Leaves essentially flat when wet.....
N. undulata Leaves transversely wavy when wet..


__N. disticha
....N. undulata
PLATE 105


      Neckeropsis disticha (Hedw.) Kindb. PLATE 105
             Neckera disticha Hedw.
  Leaves flat when wet, asymmetric, the lower side of the base rolled up-
ward. Costa slender, extending beyond the middle, nearer the lower mar-
gin (off center); upper leaf cells small, thick-walled, finely toothed along
upper margins; basal cells elongate. Capsule on short seta; slender, finely
toothed perichaetial leaves entirely surrounding capsule; operculum short,
conic, beaked; peristome teeth slender, sometimes split at base, papillose;
segments as long as the teeth. Spores smooth, 12-18 p.
HABITAT: On trees and stumps, and on limestone; peninsular Florida.
DIsTRIBUTION: Common throughout the West Indies, Mexico, Cen-
tral and South America.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough,
Monroe, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.

      Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reich. PLATE 105
            Neckera undulata Hedw.
 Plants larger than N, disticha. Leaves strongly and conspicuously wavy
 transversely when wet. Capsule lateral, cylindrical, on short seta, en-
closed by slender perichaetial leaves; operculum about half the length
of the capsule; peristome and spores as in N. disticha.
HABITAT: On trees and stumps, and on limestone; peninsular Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: Common throughout tropical America; Texas.


Neckeropsis disticha (Hedw.) Kindb.
      Neckera disticha Hedw.


  Leaves flat when wet, asymmetric, the lower side of the base rolled up-
ward. Costa slender, extending beyond the middle, nearer the lower mar-
gin (off center); upper leaf cells small, thick-walled, finely toothed along
upper margins; basal cells elongate. Capsule on short seta; slender, finely
toothed perichaetial leaves entirely surrounding capsule; operculum short,
conic, beaked; peristome teeth slender, sometimes split at base, papillose;
segments as long as the teeth. Spores smooth, 12-18 p.
HABITAT: On trees and stumps, and on limestone; peninsular Florida.
DISTRIBUTION: Common throughout the West Indies, Mexico, Cen-
tral and South America.
Florida: Citrus, Collier, Dade, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough,
Monroe, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.

      Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reich. PLATE 105
            Neckera undulata Hedw.
 Plants larger than N. disticha. Leaves strongly and conspicuously wavy
transversely when wet. Capsule lateral, cylindrical, on short seta, en-
closed by slender perichaetial leaves; operculum about half the length
of the capsule; peristome and spores as in N. disticha.
HABITAT: On trees and stumps, and on limestone; peninsular Florida.
DIsTRBUTION: Common throughout tropical America; Texas.



102          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Indian River,
Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.
  These two species look so much like certain leafy liverworts, especially
the Plagiochilae, that they may be overlooked in the field. I have seen
no specimens of this genus north and west of the Suwannee River, which
seems to be about as far up the state as a number of characteristically
tropical species grow.


             METEORIACEAE
  Plants slender to robust; primary stems slender, creeping; secondary
sterns elongate, usually pendent, irregularly branched; leaves crowded.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; costa extending to mid-leaf or beyond;
cells elongate, papillose or smooth, differentiated at basal angles, some-
times yellow or orange and porose at mid-base. Not fruiting in Florida.

               KEY To GENERA
1. Cells papillose
  2. Leaves auriculate, decurrent; median cells in rows oblique to the costa___..
                                  Papillaria
  2. Leaves not auriculate or decurrent; median cells paralleling the costa....
                                   Barbella
1. Cells smooth; leaves widely spreading from a broadly rounded, clasping base....
                                 Meteoriopsis

                PAPILLARIA

  Papillaria nigrescens (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 106
         Tricholepis nigrescens (Se.) Grout
 Plants dull, light greenish-yellow in younger parts, brownish in older;
stems freely branching, forming intertwining mats. Stem      leaves decur-
rent, conspicuously auriculate, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, longitu-
dinally wrinkled, sometimes wavy; branch leaves narrower and frequently
with longer acumination; costa slender, ending about mid-leaf; median
cells linear-flexuous, with a single row of papillac, cells in rows oblique
to the costa (conspicuous), marginal and apical cells shorter; auricles
composed of larger, shorter, nonpapillose cells; margin entire except near
base. Plants often bear slender branches bare except for a few leaves in
a terminal tuft. Length of acumination is highly variable.
HABITAT: On trees and shrubs, occasionally on limestone, in rich
humid woods.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
China; United States (Louisiana and Florida).
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, De Soto, Duval,
Gadsden, Hendry, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Lee, Leon,


102          MOS$ES OF FLORIDA

  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Indian River,
Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.
  These two species look so much like certain leafy liverworts, especially
the Plagiochilae, that they may be overlooked in the field. I have seen
no specimens of this genus north and west of the Suwannee River, which
seems to be about as far up the state as a number of characteristically
tropical species grow.


             METEORIACEAE
  Plants slender to robust; primary stems slender, creeping; secondary
stems elongate, usually pendent, irregularly branched; leaves crowded.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; costa extending to mid-leaf or beyond;
cells elongate, papillose or smooth, differentiated at basal angles, some-
times yellow or orange and porose at mid-base. Not fruiting in Florida.
               KEY To GENERA
1. Cells papillose
  2. Leaves auriculate, decurrent; median cells in rows oblique to the costa......
                                  Papillaria
  2. Leaves not auriculate or decurrent; median cells paralleling the costa_-_r...l
                                   Barbella
1. Cells smooth; leaves widely spreading from a broadly rounded, clasping base.._.
                                 Meteoriopsis

                PAPILLARIA

  Papillaria nigrescens (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 106
         Tricholepis nigrescens (Sw.) Grout
 Plants dull, light greenish-yellow in younger parts, brownish in older;
stems freely branching, forming intertwining mats. Stem leaves decur-
rent, conspicuously auriculate, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, longitu-
dinally wrinkled, sometimes wavy; branch leaves narrower and frequently
with longer acumination; costa slender, ending about mid-leaf; median
cells linear-flexuous, with a single row of papillae, cells in rows oblique
to the costa (conspicuous), marginal and apical cells shorter; auricles
composed of larger, shorter, nonpapillose cells; margin entire except near
base. Plants often bear slender branches bare except for a few leaves in
a terminal tuft. Length of acumination is highly variable.
HABITAT: On trees and shrubs, occasionally on limestone, in rich
humid woods.
DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
China; United States (Louisiana and Florida).
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, De Soto, Duval,
Gadsden, Hendry, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Lee, Leon,


102


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dade, Highlands, Indian River,
Orange, Pasco, Polk, Seminole, Sumter Counties.
  These two species look so much like certain leafy liverworts, especially
the Plagiochilae, that they may be overlooked in the field. I have seen
no specimens of this genus north and west of the Suwannee River, which
seems to be about as far up the state as a number of characteristically
tropical species grow.


             M ETEORIACEAE
  Plants slender to robust; primary stems slender, creeping; secondary
stems elongate, usually pendent, irregularly branched; leaves crowded.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; costa extending to mid-leaf or beyond;
cells elongate, papillose or smooth, differentiated at basal angles, some-
times yellow or orange and porose at mid-base. Not fruiting in Florida.

               KEY To GENERA
1. Cells papillose
  2. Leaves auriculate, decurrent; median cells in rows oblique to the costa.
                                  Papillaria
  2. Leaves not auriculate or decurrent; median cells paralleling the costa........
                                   Barbella
1. Cells smooth; leaves widely spreading from a broadly rounded, clasping base.___
                                 Meteoriopsis

                PAPILLARIA

  Papillaria nigrescens (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. PLATE 106
         Trieholepis nigrescens (Sw.) Grout
 Plants dull, light greenish-yellow in younger parts, brownish in older;
stems freely branching, forming intertwining mats. Stem leaves decor-
rent, conspicuously auriculate, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, longitu-
dinally wrinkled, sometimes wavy; branch leaves narrower and frequently
with longer acumination; costa slender, ending about mild-leaf; median
cells linear-flexuous, with a single row of papillae, cells in rows oblique
to the costa (conspicuous), marginal and apical cells shorter; auricles
composed of larger, shorter, nonpapillose cells; margin entire except near
base. Plants often bear slender branches bare except for a few leaves in
a terminal tuft. Length of acumination is highly variable.
HABITAT: On trees and shrubs, occasionally on limestone, in rich
humid woods.
DISTRIEUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America,
China; United States (Louisiana and Florida).
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Columbia, Dade, De Soto, Duval,
Gadsden, Hendry, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Lee, Leon,



METEORIACEAE          103                  METEORIACEAE          103                  METEORIACEAE          103


Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Monroe, Orange, Pasco, Polk,
St. Johns, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.
There seems to be no need to retain the varietal name donnellii for
the form bearing the slender, bare branches, as these plants intergrade
with the species.

                BARBELLA

     Barbella pendula (Sull. in Gray) Fleisch.           PLATE 107
 Plants dull, yellowish green, stems irregularly branching, branches
 elongated and thread-like. Leaves slender, lanceolate, with long thread-
 like tips, without auricles, not decurrent; costa slender, to mid-leaf;
 median cells linear-flexuous, papillae in a single row; cells in region of
 costa parallel to it (not oblique as in Papillaria nigrescens); small area
 of smooth, short-rectangular to quadrate cells at basal angles; cells in
 acumination smooth, sometimes linear.
 HABITAT: On trees and shrubs, deep woods.
 DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Formosa, Philippines, Java, Ceylon,
 Sumatra, Mexico; United States (Louisiana, Florida).
 Florida: Dade County.
 Inclusion of this species in the moss flora of Florida is based on exami-
 nation of a single specimen from Dade County, collected in March, 1877,
 by J. Donnell Smith somewhere in the Everglades (specimen in the Na-
 tional Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution). All that remains of the speci-
 men is a single short branch. The label bears the notation "found with
Meteorium   Donnellii." I have some reasonable doubt as to the validity
of including this species. The specimen may well be merely a variant of
Papillaria nigrescens, for the leaves have a much shorter acumination
than specimens of Barbella from Louisiana or the Orient. The cell
arrangement in the leaves and absence of decurrent auricles are bases
for agreeing with the determination. Thorough search by competent bry-
ologists in various rich hammock areas in Dade and Monroe Counties has
not produced evidence of the occurrence of this interesting moss at the
present time. Changing conditions in the Everglades may have resulted
in its disappearance.
A specimen collected by J. B. McFarlin (#505) in April, 1931, in
Royal Palm State Park (nosy Everglades National Park) and determined
by Grout as Barbella pendula could not be located.

               METEORIOPSIS

  Meteoriopsis patula (Hedw.) Broth. in E. & P. PLATE 107
  Plants in loose mats, light green; secondary stems elongate, irregularly


Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Monroe, Orange, Pasco, Polk,
St. Johns, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.
There seems to be no need to retain the varietal name donnellii for
the form bearing the slender, bare branches, as these plants intergrade
with the species.

                BARBELLA

     Barbella pendula (Sull. in Gray) Fleisch.           PLATE 107
 Plants dull, yellowish green, stems irregularly branching, branches
elongated and thread-like. Leaves slender, lanceolate, with long thread-
like tips, without auricles, not decurrent; costa slender, to mid-leaf;
median cells linear-flexuous, papillae in a single row; cells in region of
costa parallel to it (not oblique as in Papillaria nigrescens); small area
of smooth, short-rectangular to quadrate cells at basal angles; cells in
acumination smooth, sometimes linear.
HABITAT: On trees and shrubs, deep woods.
DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Formosa, Philippines, Java, Ceylon,
Sumatra, Mexico; United States (Louisiana, Florida).
Florida: Dade County.
Inclusion of this species in the moss flora of Florida is based on exami-
nation of a single specimen from Dade County, collected in March, 1877,
by J. Donnell Smith somewhere in the Everglades (specimen in the Na-
tional Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution). All that remains of the speci-
men is a single short branch. The label bears the notation "found with
Meteorium   Donnellii." I have some reasonable doubt as to the validity
of including this species. The specimen may well be merely a variant of
Papillaria nigrescens, for the leaves have a much shorter acumination
than specimens of Barbella from     Louisiana or the Orient. The cell
arrangement in the leaves and absence of decurrent auricles are bases
for agreeing with the determination. Thorough search by competent bry-
ologists in various rich hammock areas in Dade and Monroe Counties has
not produced evidence of the occurrence of this interesting moss at the
present time. Changing conditions in the Everglades may have resulted
in its disappearance.
A specimen collected by J. B. McFarlin (#505) in April, 1931, in
Royal Palm State Park (now Everglades National Park) and determined
by Grout as Barbella pendula could not be located.

              METEORIOPSIS

  Meteoriopsis patula (Hedw.) Broth. in E. & P. PLATE 107
  Plants in loose mats, light green; secondary stems elongate, irregularly


Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Monroe, Orange, Pasco, Polk,
St. Johns, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.
There seems to be no need to retain the varietal name donnellii for
the form bearing the slender, bare branches, as these plants intergrade
with the species.

                BARBELLA

     Barbgla pendula (Sull. in Gray) Fleisch.           PLATE 107
 Plants dull, yellowish green, stems irregularly branching, branches
 elongated and thread-like. Leaves slender, lanceolate, with long thread-
 like tips, without auricles, not decurrent; costa slender, to mid-leaf;
 median cells linear-flexuous, papillae in a single row; cells in region of
 costa parallel to it (not oblique as in Papillaria nigrescens); small area
 of smooth, short-rectangular to quadrate cells at basal angles; cells in
 acumination smooth, sometimes linear.
 HABITAT: On trees and shrubs, deep woods.
 DIsTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Formosa, Philippines, Java, Ceylon,
 Sumatra, Mexico; United States (Louisiana, Florida).
 Florida: Dade County.
 Inclusion of this species in the moss flora of Florida is based on exami-
 nation of a single specimen from Dade County, collected in March, 1877,
 by J. Donnell Smith somewhere in the Everglades (specimen in the Na-
 tional Ierbarium, Smithsonian Institution). All that remains of the speci-
 men is a single short branch. The label bears the notation "found with
Meteorium   Donnellii." I have some reasonable doubt as to the validity
of including this species. The specimen may well be merely a variant of
Papillaria nigrescens, for the leaves have a much shorter acumination
than specimens of Barbella from Louisiana or the Orient. The cell
arrangement in the leaves and absence of decurrent auricles are bases
for agreeing with the determination. Thorough search by competent bry-
ologists in various rich hammock areas in Dade and Monroe Counties has
not produced evidence of the occurrence of this interesting moss at the
present time. Changing conditions in the Everglades may have resulted
in its disappearance.
A specimen collected by J. B. McFarlin (#505) in April, 1931, in
Royal Palm State Park (now Everglades National Park) and determined
by Grout as Barbella pendula could not be located.

               METEORIOPSIS

  Meteoriopsis patula (Hedw.) Broth. in E. & P. PLATE 107
  Plants in loose mats, light green; secondary stems elongate, irregularly



104          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
branching. Leaves wide-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acumi-
nate from a broadly rounded base, margin wavy to pleated above, finely
toothed almost to base; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; upper cells
linear-flexuous, smooth, becoming longer and narrower at basal angles,
a few large, yellow, rectangular, porose cells at insertion.
  HABITAT: On trees, shrubs, rocks, in humid woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Known only from Dade County.



            PTEROBRYACEAE
  Plants robust, sometimes densely tufted, on bark of hardwoods; primary
stems slender, creeping; secondary stems simple, pinnately or twice pin-
nately branched, dendroid or pendent; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, frequently spoon-shaped; costa slender, single, short and
double, or lacking; leaf cells elongate, sometimes irregularly thick-walled
and porose; basal cells differentiated and colored. Capsules lateral, en-
closed by perichaetial leaves; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum conic,
beaked; outer peristome teeth pale, inner teeth rudimentary. Spores finely
papillose, 20-30 p.
               KEY To GENERA
Secondary stems erect, few, and unbranched; leaves widely-spreading; costa vari-
ab le ______ ----- -----.._ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ . _ _ . . . . . .. _ . ._ .._  Ja cg e rin a
Secondary stems branched, somewhat fern-like or dendroid; leaves erect-spreading;
costa single, extending to base of acumination._- .Pircella

                JAEGERINA

          Jaegerina scariosa (Lor.) Arzeni PLATE 108
          Jaegerinopsis squarrosa P. G. Britt.
  Primary stems reddish brown, slender, creeping, naked or with a few
scale-like leaves; secondary stemos few, uncrowded, erect, simple. Leaves
glossy, crowded, widely spreading, broadly ovate-lanceolate, concave;
costa single and extending to middle of leaf, or short and double, or
absent, all variations sometimes occurring on the same plant; cells of
leaf apex thick-walled and conspicuously porose, shorter than the median
cells; median leaf cells fusiform, 3-4: 1, basal cells larger, thick-walled,
yellowish-brown, porose, with a few differentiated cells in alar region.
Multicellular propagula in leaf axils. Not fruiting in Florida.
  HABITAT: On bark of hardwood trees, especially Magnolia grandi-
flora L.
  DISTRIBUTION: Central America, West Indies.


104         MOSSES OF FLORIDA              104


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


branching. Leaves wide-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acumi-
nate from a broadly rounded base, margin wavy to pleated above, finely
toothed almost to base; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; upper cells
linear-flexuous, smooth, becoming longer and narrower at basal angles,
a few large, yellow, rectangular, porose cells at insertion.
HABITAT: On trees, shrubs, rocks, in humid woods.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Known only from Dade County.



            PTEROBRYACEAE
  Plants robust, sometimes densely tufted, on bark of hardwoods; primary
stems slender, creeping; secondary stems simple, pinnately or twice pin-
nately branched, dendroid or pendent; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, frequently spoon-shaped; costa slender, single, short and
double, or lacking; leaf cells elongate, sometimes irregularly thick-walled
and porose; basal cells differentiated and colored. Capsules lateral, en-
closed by perichaetial leaves; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum     conic,
beaked; outer peristome teeth pale, inner teeth rudimentary. Spores finely
papillose, 20-30 p.
               KEY To GENERA
Secondary stems erect, few, and unbranched; leaves widely-spreading; costa vari-
able........ ......... ............ ........___......Jaegerina
Secondary stems branched, somewhat fern-like or dendroid; leaves erect-spreading;
costa single, extending to base of acumination. . -      -__-.............._-_Pireella

                JAEGERINA

          Jaegerina scariosa (Lor.) Arzeni PLATE 108
          Jaegerinopsis squarrosa E. G. Britt.
  Primary stemos reddish brown, slender, creeping, naked or with a few
scale-like leaves; secondary stems few, uncrowded, erect, simple. Leaves
glossy, crowded, widely spreading, broadly ovate-lanceolate, concave;
costa single and extending to middle of leaf, or short and double, or
absent, all variations sometimes occurring on the same plant; cells of
leaf apex thick-walled and conspicuously porose, shorter than the median
cells; median leaf cells fusiform, 3-4:1, basal cells larger, thick-walled,
yellowish-brown, porose, with a few differentiated cells in alar region.
Multicellular propagula in leaf axils. Not fruiting in Florida.
  HABITAT: On bark of hardwood trees, especially Magnolia grandi-
flora L.
  DISTRIBUTION: Central America, West Indies.


branching. Leaves wide-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, abruptly long-acumi-
nate from a broadly rounded base, margin wavy to pleated above, finely
toothed almost to base; costa slender, ending above mid-leaf; upper cells
linear-flexuous, smooth, becoming longer and narrower at basal angles,
a few large, yellow, rectangular, porose cells at insertion.
  HABITAT: On trees, shrubs, rocks, in humid woods.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Known only from Dade County.



            PTEROBRYACEAE
  Plants robust, sometimes densely tufted, on bark of hardwoods; primary
stems slender, creeping; secondary stems simple, pinnately or twice pin-
nately branched, dendroid or pendent; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, frequently spoon-shaped; costa slender, single, short and
double, or lacking; leaf cells elongate, sometimes irregularly thick-walled
and porose; basal cells differentiated and colored. Capsules lateral, en-
closed by perichaetial leaves; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum  conic,
beaked; outer peristome teeth pale, inner teeth rudimentary. Spores finely
papillose, 20-30 p.
               KEY To GENERA
Secondary stems erect, few, and unbranched; leaves widely-spreading; costa vari-
able.______........_________________ ... - -- aegerina
Secondary stems branched, somewhat fern-like or dendroid; leaves erect-spreading;
costa single, extending to base of acumination.. . .        .Pireella

                JAEGERINA


Jsegerina scariosa (Lot.) Arzeni
Jaegerinopsis squarrosa E. G. Britt.


PLATE 108


Primary stems reddish brown, slender, creeping, naked or with a few
scale-like leaves; secondary stems few, uncrowded, erect, simple. Leaves
glossy, crowded, widely spreading, broadly ovate-lanceolate, concave;
costa single and extending to middle of leaf, or short and double, or
absent, all variations sometimes occurring on the same plant; cells of
leaf apex thick-walled and conspicuously porose, shorter than the median
cells; median leaf cells fusiform, 3-4: 1, basal cells larger, thick-walled,
yellowish-brown, porose, with a few differentiated cells in alar region.
Multicellular propagula in leaf axils. Not fruiting in Florida.
HABITAT: On bark of hardwood trees, especially Magnolia grandi-
flora L.
DISTRIBUTION: Central America, West Indies.



PTEROBRYACEAE


105


  Florida: Citcos, Cadsdoen, Hillsooough, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Paseo,
Polk, Santa Roto, Seminole, Sumteo, Watlhington Coonties.
Jaogerino ocariota it oeosonal in ito appearonee, heiog found only foot
aboot mid-Apeil to mid-June. Sinee leofy plonts develop feom theecreeping
stems tingly or in twvos 00 otees, thee ace easily missed. I have found
theno toost easily follotwing coin, by the simple expedient of ooking
aroand the toee trunk, about five feet loom the ground, thus teeing the
isoloted plants to profile. This speeies appacently growcs only in the oieb,
humid, mesie focests and on trees wohose back is reatonably tuft and
pocous.

                PIR3EPLLA
  Primary stems ceeping, leafless, inconspicoous; tecoodary stems robot,
2-5 ens long, fern-likeorodendroid, beanched, cowveed, doll or shiny,
vellotw-green, leaves cowvded, 4-5  cooked, erect-tpreading, concave,
ovate-lanceolate, slightly toothed or entice; eosto tingle, nearly percurrent;
opperecellt eongate;hasalellshot, sometimesoperote and colored.
Linear pcopagola presoent in leaf axilt. Dioieoos.
t resemchlet Porsstoteemia cefehomtuicia hot it uscually mace luxuriant in
geotwth lcabit, sometimet coereing a tree trock foe teveral feoo.

Leaf bate aooieolate; shortceellsinolarreion fewcand inonsptenout-.....polii
Loath bate not auntieulate; numerous buadrate cellsforminguonspicosaar
regin 00.. ........ . .  ...... P. cc nbifolio


        Pireella pohlii (Schiwaegr.) Cacd. PLATE 109
          Pireella ltdoviciae (C. M5.) Coed.
  Secondacyostemo3-5em lnng, oneor tnice pinnatelyvhranched. Leaves
cowdced, erect-spreading, oblong-lanceolate, often spoon-shaped, sorot
acuminate, margins tlightly toothed, especiallcy near hate, aoticulate;
cotta sintple, tonoetimes extending almot to apex; upper leaf cello 2-4: 1,
muedian leaf cells tmooth or with a tingle papilla at each end on the
back; baoalcellsoshorteroandlbcoader, yellowvooange,ometimes poose,
a fenw totbquodrate cels in the auriclot; linear propagula in leaf axilt.
Seta short; capsule cylindroic, ltecat; perichactial leavet ecostate with long
slender tipt, enclosing captole; calyptca hooud-shaped, tplic almott to
apex; opercuolout conic, beaked; outec peristome teeth pale, mnoe teeth
cudimentary. Spores finoly papillose, 20-30 p.
HABITAT: On hardood trenet, mesic booests.
DtSTRIBUvTOx Mexico, Centcal and South America, Wbest Indies;
Louisiana.
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Dade, Royal, Highlands, Leon, Levy,


              PEOu RY~ACEAE          105
  Florida: Cicoos, Cadsden, Hillsborough, Leon, Levy, Libert, Pasco,
Polk, Santo Rota, Seminole, Sumtter, Washington Countiet.
Jaegerina scariooa it seasonal in its appearance, being found only fcom
aboot mid-Apoil to mid-June. Since leafy plants develop loom the ceeping
000000 tingly or its twos 00 threest, they ace easily missed. I have found
them moot eatily futtoning coin, by the timple expedient of oruking
around the tree trunk, ahouo five feet lfnin the ground, thut teeing the
isolated plants in profile. This species apparently gon- only in the tick,
humid, motto foests and on treet cwhose back is reasonably tuft and
porous.

                PIREELLA

  Pointary stems creeping, leaflmot, inconspicous; secondary stemo obuoso,
2-5 cot long, loon-lRheor0 dendroid, branched, crondod, dull on shiny,
yellow--green, leaves  cowdled, 4-S  cooked, erctc-spreading, concave,
otate-lanceolate, slightly toothed or entice; costa tingle, nearly peocoroent;
uppler cells elungaoe; hasal cello shoot, sometimes porose and enlaced.
Linearepropagulaopresentcin leafaxils.Dioious.
  It resemhles Forssoemoia ceichomionia hot is usually more luxuiacint in
geoswth habit, sonmetimes covering a tone tounk fnc several feet.

Leatfobaauicolate; shot cellsinuaarceinuonuad incosicous....P, oblii
Loaf hase not auriculate; numeous subquadrate cells formingconspicous aloe
.ein ____     __             ......P. combifolia


        Pieella ponfclii (Sehovuogo.) Card.        PLATo 109
           Prella hodocician (C. MS.) Cacd.
  Second act stms 3-5em long,ne ortiepinntelybanched. Leaves
concded, erct-spreading, oblong-lanceolate, often spoon-shaped, shoot
acuminace, nmargtns slightly toothed, especially neon hose, aurculate;
costa simple, sometimes extending almost to a pox; upper leaf cello 2-4;:1,
median leaf cells smooth or with a tingle papilla at each end on she
back; basal cells sorter and broadeo, celotto or orange, sometimses porose,
a fon stbquadrate onlls in the auricles; linear propagula in leaf axils.
beta shoot; capsole cslindric, ltercal; petichaotial leaves ecostate n-lob long
slendee tips, ecl osing capsule; calypica hood-shaped, split almost to
apex; opercuohum onic, hooked; outer perisome teeth pale, inner teeth
rudimentaros Spoons finely papillose, 20-30 p.
HABIrTT On harddvood tones, mesic booests.
DISTRIBUTIOx: Mexico, Conical and South Aumeoica, West Indies;
Louisiana.
Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Cloy, Dade, Duval, Highlands, Leon, Levy,


PTEROBRYACEAE


105


  Florida: Citruos, Gadsden, Hillsboeough, Leon, Levy, Liherty, Pasco,
Polk, Santo Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Washington Counties.
Jaegerina scariosa is seasonal in its appearance, being found only loom
about mid-Apoil to mid-June. Since leafy plants develop loom the coeeping
stemissingly orin twvosorthrees, theyare eaily missed.lIkavefone
thoem moot easily followving coin, by the simple expedient of working
around the tone trunk, ahout five fet fom the ground, thus seeingcthe
isolated plants in profile. This species apparently grnows only in the tick,
hunmid, mesicfoests and on cones n-hose hack is reasonably soft and
p0000s.

                PIREELLA
  Primary scents creeping, leafless, inconspicuous; secondary semsrus,
2-5 cm long, loon-like or dendroid, branched, crondod, doll or shiny,
yellow-green, leaves cowded, 4-5  cooked, erect-spreading, concave,
ovsate-lancolate, slightly toothed or entice; costa single, nearly peocurorcc;
oipper cells elongate; basal cells shoot, sometimes pors and5 oecolored.
Linear proopagula present in leaf axils. Dioicouos.
  t resembles Poysstroemcia crichiomitria but is usutally more loxuiant in
gowvtl habit, sometimnes covering a tone tounk Inc several feet.

Leafibaceoaoiculte;cshootcellscin alaregonfctand incoinsuus- .Pcobi
Loaf base not auricultce; numeous subquadrace colc forming concpicuous aloe
region..-- - -     -  -     -   P. cymkifolio


        Pieella pcohlii (Schwvaegr.) Card.         PLAsvn  109
          Pireella btdmicioe (C. M5.) Card.
  Secondarcy stems 3-5 ens long, once or twice pinnately branched. Leaves
noon-cld, erect-spreading, oblonglanceolate, often spoon-shaped, shoot
acuminate, macgins slightly toothed, especially neon base, aurculace;
costa simple, sometimoes extending almost to a pox; upper loaf cells 2-4: 1,
median leaf colls smooth or woith a single papilla at each nde on the
hack; basal cells shorcer and broader, yellow ororange, sometimses por0se,
a le subquadrate cells in the aurcles; line propagula in leaf axils.
Seta shoot; capsoule cylindric, ltecat; periocaetial leavssecostatesvith long
slender tips, enclosing capsule; ealypira hood-shaped, split almost to
apex; operculum conic, beaked; outec peristome teeth pole, inner conch
rudimentary. Spoons finely papillose, 20-30 p.
HABcTAT: On haodwood cones, mesic booests.
DISTRTIceeON: Melxico, Conical and Snuck America, West Indies;
Louisiana.-
Plorida: Alachua, Citrus, Clay, Dade, Duval, Highlands, Leon, Levy,



106          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
Marion, Orange, Osceola, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wa-
kulla, Washington Counties.

     Pireella cymbifolia (Sull. in Gray) Card.           PLATE 109
  Plants usually not as large as P. pohlii, the secondary stems about 2-3
cm long. Leaves not auriculate, slightly toothed nearly to base; costa
extending into the acumination; upper leaf cells 2:1, median cells linear,
4-6:1, a single papilla at end of each cell on the back; basal cells shorter,
with 10-16 rows of yellowish quadrate cells extending up the margin
of the leaf; linear propagula in leaf axils. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves
small, lanceolate, acuminate, ecostate, entire. Perigonia not seen.
HABITAT: On hardwood trees, mesic forests.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central America, West Indies; Louisiana.
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Indian River, Lake, Lee, Manatee,
Monroe, Palm Beach, Putnam, Seminole, Volusia Counties.
  Pireella pohlii occurs rather frequently in the northern part of the state,
whereas P. cymbifolia has not been collected north or west of the Suwan-
nee River as far as I know.


           LEUCODONTACEAE
  Plants in tufts, usually robust, yellowish to brownish-green, mostly
glossy. Primary stems creeping; secondary stems erect, ascending, or pen-
dulous, simple or branched, more or less julaceous. Leaves crowded, over-
lapping when dry, spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, with short tip,
somewhat decurrent; costa single, short and double, or lacking; cells thick-
walled, smooth or papillose, rhomboidal above, sometimes elongate and
porose below, numerous rows of short quadrate cells at basal angles.
Dioicous or autoicous; antheridial and archegonial buds on secondary
stems. Capsule ovoid to cylindric, erect, symmetric, immersed, emergent,
or exserted; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked, the beak
curved; peristome teeth articulate, papillose, frequently divided in upper
part; inner peristome rudimentary or lacking.

               KEY To GENERA
1. Leaf cells papillose . ......__Leucodontopsis
1. Leaf cells smooth (sometimes a few papillose cells on dorsal surface near apex)
  2. Costa single
    3. Costa   nearly  percurrent..................... _..____..............Pseudocryphaea
    3. Costa ending about mid-leaf .....Forsstroemia
  2. Costa short and double or lacking
    3. Secondary stems simple or sparingly branched.          Leucodon
    3. Secondary stems conspicuously and often profusely branched_..............
                                 Forsstroemia


106          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
Marion, Orange, Osceola, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wa-
kulla, Washington Counties.

     Pireella cymbifolia (Sull. in Gray) Card. PLATE 109
  Plants usually not as large as P. pohlii, the secondary stetos about 2-3
cm long. Leaves not auriculate, slightly toothed nearly to base; costa
extending into the acumination; upper leaf cells 2:1, median cells linear,
4-6:1, a single papilla at end of each cell on the back; basal cells shorter,
with 10-l6 rows of vellowish quadrate cells extending up the margin
of the leaf; linear propagula in leaf axils. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves
small, lanceolate, acuminate, ecostate, entire. Perigonia not seen.
HABITAT: On hardwood trees, mesic forests.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central America, West Indies; Louisiana.
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Indian River, Lake, Lee, Manatee,
Monroe, Palm Beach, Putnam, Seminole, Volusia Counties.
  Pireella pohlii occurs rather frequently in the northern part of the state,
whereas P. cymbifolia has not been collected north or west of the Suwan-
nee River as far as I know.


           LEUCODONTACEAE
  Plants in tufts, usually robust, yellowish to brownish-green, mostly
glossy. Primary stems creeping; secondary stems erect, ascending, or pen-
dulous, simple or branched, more or less julaceous. Leaves crowded, over-
lapping when dry, spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, with short tip,
somewhat decurrent; costa single, short and double, or lacking; cells thick-
walled, smooth or papillose, rhomboidal above, sometimes elongate and
porose below, numerous rows of short quadrate cells at basal angles.
Dioicous or autoicous; anthcridial and archegonial buds on secondary
stems. Capsule ovoid to cylindric, erect, symmetric, immersed, emergent,
or exserted; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum conic, beaked, the beak
curved; peristome teeth articulate, papillose, frequently divided in upper
part; inner pcristome rudimentary or lacking.

               KEY To GENERA
1. Leaf cells papillose......---.-..._-...-.... ......... . - _____...Leucodontopsis
1. Leaf cells smooth (sometimes a few papillose cells on dorsal surface near apex)
  2. Costa single
    3. Costa  nearly  percurrent__.............._......._...... ...... .....Pseudocryphaea
    3. Costa ending about mid-leaf...  .... .    ..____._........Forsstroemia
  2. Costa short and double or lacking
    3. Secondary stems simple or sparingly branched.    .      Lucodon
    3. Secondary stems conspicuously and often profusely branched.._____......
                                 Forsstroemia


106


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


Marion, Orange, Osceola, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter, Volusia, Wa-
kulla, Washington Counties.

     Pireella cymbifolia (Sull. in Gray) Card.           PLATE 109
  Plants usually not as large as P. pohlii, the secondary stems about 2-3
em long. Leaves not auriculate, slightly toothed nearly to base; costa
extending into the acumination; upper leaf cells 2:1, median cells linear,
4-6:1, a single papilla at end of each cell on the back; basal cells shorter,
with 10-16 rows of yellowish quadrate cells extending up the margin
of the leaf; linear propagula in leaf axils. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves
small, lanceolate, acuminate, ecostate, entire. Perigonia not seen.
IHABITAT: On hardwood trees, mesic forests.
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central America, West Indies; Louisiana.
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Indian River, Lake, Lee, Manatee,
Monroe, Palm    Beach, Putnam, Seminole, Volusia Counties.
Pireella pohlii occurs rather frequently in the northern part of the state,
whereas P. cymbifolia has not been collected north or west of the Suwan-
nee River as far as I know.


           LEUCODONTACEAE
  Plants in tufts, usually robust, yellowish to brownish-green, mostly
glossy. Primary stems creeping; secondary stems erect, ascending, or pen-
dulous, simple or branched, more or less julaceous. Leaves crowded, over-
lapping when dry, spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, with short tip,
somewhat decurrent; costa single, short and double, or lacking; cells thick-
walled, smooth or papillose, rhomboidal above, sometimes elongate and
porose below, numerous rows of short quadrate cells at basal angles.
Dioicous or autoicous; antheridial and archegonial buds on secondary
stems. Capsule ovoid to cylindric, erect, symmetric, immersed, emergent,
or exserted; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum    conic, beaked, the beak
curved; peristome teeth articulate, papillose, frequently divided in upper
part; inner peristome rudimentary or lacking.

               KEY To GENERA-
1. Leaf cells papillose._. . ..Leucodontopsis
1. Leaf cells smooth (sometimes a few papillose cells on dorsal surface near apex)
  2. Costa single
    3. Costa nearly percurrent-..._...- ..----._--_.........-.Pseudocryphaea
    3. Costa ending about mid-leaf..._...___-__.._....._-___...--.____Forsstroemia
  2. Costa short and double or lacking
    3. Secondary stems simple or sparingly branched-         Leucodon
    3. Secondary stems conspicuously and often profusely branched..
                                 Forsstroemia



LEUCODONTACEAE         107                 LEUCODONTACEAE         107                 LEUCODONTACEAE         107


             LEUCODONTOPSIS

         Leucodontopsis geniculata (Mitt.) PLATE 110
               Crum & Steere
       Leucodontopsis jtoridana (Aust.) F. G. Britt.
 Plants in loose mats, sometimes mixed with other mosses. Primary
 stems creeping; secondary stems short, straight or curved, irregularly and
 sparsely branching, julaceous. Leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate, with a
 short, slightly toothed apex, wrinkled lengthwise, margins recurved nearly
 to the apex; costa lacking, or single and slender, ending about mid-leaf;
 upper and median cells rhomboidal, the apical cells 1-2:1, median 8:1,
 with 1 or 2 low papillae; numerous small quadrate cells in regular rows
 at basal margin. Septate propagula sometimes in leaf axils. Not fruiting
 in Florida.
 HABITAT: Tree trunks, fallen limbs.
 DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
 Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Jackson, Lee, Marion, Polk, Sara-
 sota, Seminole Counties.

             PSEUDOCRYPHAEA

  Pseudocryphaea fiagellifera (Brid.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 110
  Primary stems creeping; secondary stems branching, resembling Fors-
stroemia trichomitria in general appearance, julaceous, frequently bearing
slender, elongate, almost thread-like branches with very small leaves.
Leaves crowded, ovate, gradually tapering to a short, finely toothed tip;
margins plane; costa single, slender, nearly percurrent; median leaf cells
about 6:1, smooth, shorter in apex; basal cells yellow or brown, thick-
walled, porose; numerous small quadrate cells at basal angles. Not fruiting
in Florida.
HAB1TAT: Tree trunks and branches.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Collier, Lake, Seminole Counties.


                LEUCODON

 Plants in bright green, glossy mats. Primary stems creeping, secondary
 stems sparsely branched or unbranched,julaceous. Leaves crowded, ovate-
 acuminate, concave, margins reflexed nearly to the toothed apex; leaf
 cells thick-walled, sometimes rough on dorsal surface of apex, rhombic-
hexagonal; conspicuous basal marginal area of quadrate cells. Dioicous.
Capsule exserted or emergent, erect, symmetric; calyptra smooth, hood-


             LEUCODONTOPSIS

         Leucodontopsis geniculata (Mitt.) PLATE 110
               Crum & Steere
       Leucodontopsis floridana (Aust.) E. G. Britt.
  Plants in loose mats, sometimes rixed with other mosses. Primary
stems creeping; secondary stems short, straight or curved, irregularly and
sparsely branching, julaceous. Leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate, with a
short, slightly toothed apex, wrinkled lengthwise, margins recurved nearly
to the apex; costa lacking, or single and slender, ending about mid-leaf;
upper and median cells rhomboidal, the apical cells 1-2:1, median 8:1,
with i or 2 low papillae; numerous small quadrate cells in regular rows
at basal margin. Septate propagula sometimes in leaf axils. Not fruiting
in Florida.
  HABITAT: Tree trunks, fallen limbs.
  DisTeRnUT1O: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
  Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Jackson, Lee, Marion, Polk, Sara-
sota, Seminole Counties.

             PSEUDOCRYPHAEA

  Pseudocryphaea flagellifera (Brid.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 110
  Primary stems creeping; secondary stems branching, resembling Fors-
stroemia trichontitria in general appearance, julaceous, frequently bearing
slender, elongate, almost thread-like branches with very small leaves.
Leaves crowded, ovate, gradually tapering to a short, finely toothed tip;
margins plane; costa single, slender, nearly percurrent; median leaf cells
about 6:1, smooth, shorter in apex; basal cells yellow or brown, thick-
walled, porose; numerous small quadrate cells at basal angles. Not fruiting
in Florida.
HABITAT: Tree trunks and branches.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Collier, Lake, Seminole Counties.


                LEUCODON

 Plants in bright green, glossy mats. Primary stems creeping, secondary
 stems sparsely branched or unbranched, julaceous. Leaves crowded, ovate-
 acuminate, concave, margins reflexed nearly to the toothed apex; leaf
 cells thick-walled, sometimes rough on dorsal surface of apex, rhombic-
 hexagonal; conspicuous basal marginal area of quadrate cells. Dioicous.
 Capsule exserted or emergent, erect, symmetric; calyptra smooth, hood-


             LEUCODONTOPSIS

         Leucodontopsis geniculata (Mitt.) PLATE 110
               Crum & Steere
       Leucodontopsis fioridana (Aust.) E. G. Britt.
 Plants in loose mats, sometimes mixed with other mosses. Primary
 stems creeping; secondary stems short, straight or curved, irregularly and
 sparsely branching, julaceous. Leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate, with a
 short, slightly toothed apex, wrinkled lengthwise, margins recurved nearly
 to the apex; costa lacking, or single and slender, ending about mid-leaf;
 upper and median cells rhomboidal, the apical cells 1-2:1, median 8:1,
 with 1 or 2 low papillae; numerous small quadrate cells in regular rows
 at basal margin. Septate propagula sometimes in leaf axils. Not fruiting
in Florida.
HABITAT: Tree trunks, fallen limbs.
DIRTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Collier, Dade, Highlands, Jackson, Lee, Marion, Polk, Sara-
sota, Seminole Counties.

             PSEUDOCRYPHAEA

  Pseudocryphaea fiagellifera (Brid.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 110
  Primary stems creeping; secondary stems branching, resembling Fors-
stroesoia trichomitria in general appearance, julaceous, frequently bearing
slender, elongate, almost thread-like branches with very small leaves.
Leaves crowded, ovate, gradually tapering to a short, finely toothed tip;
margins plane; costa single, slender, nearly percurrent; median leaf cells
about 6:1, smooth, shorter in apex; basal cells yellow or brown, thick-
walled, porose; numerous small quadrate cells at basal angles. Not fruiting
in Florida.
HABITAT: Tree trunks and branches.
DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Florida: Collier, Lake, Seminole Counties.


                LEUCODON

 Plants in bright green, glossy mats. Primary stems creeping, secondary
 stems sparsely branched or unbranched, julaceous. Leaves crowded, ovate-
acuminate, concave, margins reflexed nearly to the toothed apex; leaf
cells thick-walled, sometimes rough on dorsal surface of apex, rhombic-
hexagonal; conspicuous basal marginal area of quadrate cells. Dioicous.
Capsule exserted or emergent, erect, symmetric; calyptra smooth, hood-



108          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
shaped, nearly or entirely and closely covering the capsule; operculum
long, conic, beaked; peristome teeth whitish, split in upper half, papil-
lose; inner peristome membranous and rudimentary or absent.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, not wrinkled; capsule exserted
                                 L. julaceus
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, wrinkled when dry; capsule immersed or emergent......_.
                                L. brachypus

         Leucodon julaceus (Hedw.) Sull. PLATE 111
  Secondary stems 2-3 cm    long, julaceous when dry; leaves crowded,
concave, broadly ovate-lanceolate with an abrupt, finely toothed tip, often
bulging or papillose on dorsal side near tip; leaf cells rhomboidal above,
with many quadrate cells at basal angles. Outer perichaetial leaves short,
inner long and slender. Capsule cylindric, shortly exserted; calyptra and
operculum as for genus; peristome single, teeth pale, often divided,
densely papillose above. Spores granular or faintly papillose, 26 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches; often on fallen rotting
branches or on stumps.
  DISTR1BUTO: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Duval, Gadsden, Her-
nando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Orange,
Santa Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton Counties. Common.

           Leucodon brachypus Brid. PLATE 112
  Secondary stems slender, scarcely julaceous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
entire or slightly toothed at apex, wrinkled when dry. Leaf cells as in
L. julaccus. Capsules immersed or emergent, the perichactial leaves
reaching mouth of capsule or nearly so; peristome teeth irregular, split
at apex, slightly papillose. Spores granular, 22-26  .
  HAB1TAT: On tree trunks and branches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Suwannee Counties.


              FORSSTfROEMIA

     Forsstroemia trichomitria (Hedw.) Lindb. PLATE 113
         Leptodon trichomitrion (Hedw.) Mohr
  Plants dull green or brownish, robust. Primary stems creeping, second-
ary stems up to 6 cm long, much branched, densely foliate, often curved
outward and upward. Leaves crowded, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate,
short-acuminate; margins entire or finely toothed at tip, recurved; costa
variable, from short and single to short and double or absent; cells ellip-
tical to rhomboidal, smooth, the apical cells 2:1, median 8-10:1; con-


108          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
shaped, nearly or entirely and closely covering the capsule; operculum
long, conic, beaked; peristome teeth whitish, split in upper half, papil-
lose; inner peristome membranous and rudimentary or absent.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, not wrinkled; capsule exserted
                                 L. julaccus
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, wrinkled when dry; capsule immersed or emergent............
                                L. brachypus

         Leucodon julaceus (Hedw.) Sull. PLATE 111
  Secondary stems 2-3 cm long, julaceous when dry; leaves crowded,
concave, broadly ovate-lanceolate with an abrupt, finely toothed tip, often
bulging or papillose on dorsal side near tip; leaf cells rhomboidal above,
with many quadrate cells at basal angles. Outer perichaetial leaves short,
inner long and slender. Capsule cylindric, shortly exserted; calyptra and
operculum as for genus; peristome single, teeth pale, often divided,
densely papillose above. Spores granular or faintly papillose, 26 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches; often on fallen rotting
branches or on stumps.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Duval, Gadsden, Her-
nando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Orange,
Santa Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton Counties. Common.

           Leucodon brachypus Brid. PLATE 112
  Secondary stems slender, scarcely julaceous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
entire or slightly toothed at apex, wrinkled when dry. Leaf cells as in
L. julaceus. Capsules immersed or emergent, the perichaetial leaves
reaching mouth of capsule or nearly so; peristome teeth irregular, split
at apex, slightly papillose. Spores granular, 22-26 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Suwannee Counties.


              FORSSTROEMIA

     Forsstroemia trichomitria (Hedw.) Lindb. PLATE 113
         Leptodon trichomitrion (IHedw.) Mohr
  Plants dull green or brownish, robust. Primary stems creeping, second-
ary stems up to 6 cm long, much branched, densely foliate, often curved
outward and upward. Leaves crowded, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate,
short-acuminate; margins entire or finely toothed at tip, recurved; costa
variable, from short and single to short and double or absent; cells ellip-
tical to rhomboidal, smooth, the apical cells 2:1, median 8-10:1; con-


108


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


shaped, nearly or entirely and closely covering the capsule; operculum
long, conic, beaked; peristome teeth whitish, split in upper half, papil-
lose; inner peristome membranous and rudimentary or absent.

Leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, not wrinkled; capsule exserted
                                 L. julaceus
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, wrinkled when dry; capsule immersed or emergent..
                                L. brachypus

         Leucodon julaceus (Hedw.) Sull. PLATE 111
  Secondary stems 2-3 cm long, julaceous when dry; leaves crowded,
concave, broadly ovate-lanceolate with an abrupt, finely toothed tip, often
bulging or papillose on dorsal side near tip; leaf cells rhomboidal above,
with many quadrate cells at basal angles. Outer perichaetial leaves short,
inner long and slender. Capsule cylindric, shortly exserted; calyptra and
operculum as for genus; peristome single, teeth pale, often divided,
densely papillose above. Spores granular or faintly papillose, 26 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches; often on fallen rotting
branches or on stumps.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Columbia, Duval, Gadsden, Her-
nando, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Orange,
Santa Rosa, Seminole, Suwannee, Wakulla, Walton Counties. Common.

           Leucodon brachypus Brid. PLATE 112
  Secondary stems slender, scarcely julaceous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate,
entire or slightly toothed at apex, wrinkled when dry. Leaf cells as in
L. julaceus. Capsules immersed or emergent, the perichaetial leaves
reaching mouth of capsule or nearly so; peristome teeth irregular, split
at apex, slightly papillose. Spores granular, 22-26 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Suwannee Counties.


              FORSSTROEMIA


Forsstroemia trichomitria (Hedw.) Lindb.
    Leptodon trichomsitrion (Hedw.) Mohr


PLATE 113


  Plants dull green or brownish, robust. Primary stems creeping, second-
ary stems up to 6 cm long, much branched, densely foliate, often curved
outward   and upward. Leaves crowded, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate,
short-acuminate; margins entire or finely toothed at tip, recurved; costa
variable, from short and single to short and double or absent; cells ellip-
tical to rhomboidal, smooth, the apical cells 2:1, median 8-10:1; con-



              CRYPHAEACEAE           109

spicuous area of small quadrate cells at basal angles. Autoicous, Capsule
immersed, emergent, or exserted; calyptra hood-shaped, hairy near apex;
peristome single, or sometimes having a rudimentary inner peristome;
teeth irregular, jointed, divided in upper half, papillose. Spores granular
or slightly papillose, 20 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Gads-
den, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.
  The characters on which varieties described by Grout in Moss Flora
of North America North of Mexico were based-a slight variation in
form of perichaetial leaves and the length of the seta-are not constant.
Capsules which are immersed, emergent, or fully exserted can often be
found on the same plant. Therefore I do not recognize var. immersa (see
fig. 3) or var. floridana (fig. 4) as valid.



             CRYPHAEACEAE

                CRYPHAEA
  Plants slender, uncrowded, looking like poorly developed Forsstroernia.
Secondary stems irregularly pinnately branching, elongate, erect or curved
upward from    the substrate. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry,
spreading when moist, concave, ovate-lanceolate, finely toothed above;
costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; leaf cells thick-walled, ellip-
tical to rhomboidal, 1-2: 1, smooth or slightly papillose above; quadrate
basal cells numerous. Autoicous. Seta very short. Perichaetial leaves as
long as the capsule, larger than branch leaves, the costa sometimes long-
excurrent but more often extending only into the apex. Capsules on
secondary stems and branches, immersed, erect, symmetric; calyptra
small, conical, rough at apex, covering scarcely more than the operculum;
operculum short-conic; annulus well developed; peristome double, the
segments short and inconspicuous.
Leaves ovate, with short acumination, costa ending near mid-leaf....C. glomerata
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with long acumination, costa ending in the apex C. nervosa

   Cryphaea glomerata Schimp. ex Sull. in Gray PLATE 114
   Plants in thin, straggly mats, light grayish-green, irregularly branching.
Stems slender, julaceous. Leaves overlapping, ovate, short-acuminate,
concave, margins recurved in lower part; costa ending about mid-leaf,


              CRYPHAEACEAE           109

spicuous area of small quadrate cells at basal angles. Autoicous. Capsule
immersed, emergent, or exserted; calyptra hood-shaped, hairy near apex;
peristome single, or sometimes having a rudimentary inner peristome;
teeth irregular, jointed, divided in upper half, papillose. Spores granular
or slightly papillose, 20 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Gads-
den, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.
  The characters on which varieties described by Grout in Moss Flora
of North America North of Mexico were based-a slight variation in
form of perichaetial leaves and the length of the seta--are not constant.
Capsules which are immersed, emergent, or fully exserted can often be
found on the same plant. Therefore I do not recognize var. immersa (see
fig. 3) or var. floridana (fig. 4) as valid.



             CRYPHAEACEAE

                CRYPHAEA
  Plants slender, uncrowded, looking like poorly developed Forsstroenia.
Secondary stems irregularly pinnately branching, elongate, erect or curved
upward from    the substrate. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry,
spreading when moist, concave, ovate-lanceolate, finely toothed above;
costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; leaf cells thick-walled, ellip-
tical to rhomboidal, 1-2: 1, smooth or slightly papillose above; quadrate
basal cells numerous. Autoicous. Seta very short. Perichaetial leaves as
long as the capsule, larger than branch leaves, the costa sometimes long-
excurrent but more often extending only into the apex. Capsules on
secondary stems and branches, immersed, erect, symmetrie; calyptra
small, conical, rough at apex, covering scarcely more than the operculum;
operculum   short-conic; annulus well developed; peristome double, the
segments short and inconspicuous.
Leaves ovate, with short acumination, costa ending near mid-leaf....  gloerata
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with long acumination, costa ending in the apex.C. nervosa

   Cryphaea glomerata Schimp. ex Sull. in Gray PLATE 114
   Plants in thin, straggly mats, light grayish-green, irregularly branching.
Stems slender, julaceous. Leaves overlapping, ovate, short-acuminate,
concave, margins recurved in lower part; costa ending about mid-leaf,


              CRYPHAEACEAE           109

spicuous area of small quadrate cells at basal angles. Autoicous, Capsule
immersed, emergent, or exserted; calyptra hood-shaped, hairy near apex;
peristome single, or sometimes having a rudimentary inner peristomce;
teeth irregular, jointed, divided in upper half, papillose. Spores granular
or slightly papillose, 20 p.
  HABITAT: On tree trunks and branches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Gads-
den, Highlands, Hillsborough, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Levy,
Liberty, Madison, Marion, Nassau, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Sumter,
Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla Counties.
  The characters on which varieties described by Grout in Moss Flora
of North America North of Mexico were based-a slight variation in
form of perichaetial leaves and the length of the seta-are not constant.
Capsules which are immersed, emergent, or fully exserted can often be
found on the same plant. Therefore I do not recognize var. immersa (see
fig. 3) or var. floridana (fig. 4) as valid.



             CRYPHAEACEAE

                CRYPHAEA
  Plants slender, uncrowded, looking like poorly developed Forsstroemia.
Secondary stems irregularly pinnately branching, elongate, erect or curved
upward from    the substrate. Leaves crowded, overlapping when dry,
spreading when moist, concave, ovate-lanceolate, finely toothed above;
costa single, extending to mid-leaf or beyond; leaf cells thick-walled, ellip-
tical to rhomboidal, 1-2: 1, smooth or slightly papillose above; quadrate
basal cells numerous. Autoicous. Seta very short. Perichaetial leaves as
long as the capsule, larger than branch leaves, the costa sometimes long-
excurrent but more often extending only into the apex. Capsules on
secondary stems and branches, immersed, erect, symmetric; calyptra
small, conical, rough at apex, covering scarcely more than the operculum;
operculum   short-conic; annulus well developed; peristome double, the
segments short and inconspicuous.
Leaves ovate, with short acumination, costa ending near mid-leaf  ..C. glomerata
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with long acumination, costa ending in the apex. C. nervosa

   Cryphaea glomerata Schimp. ex Sull. in Gray PLATE 114
   Plants in thin, straggly mats, light grayish-green, irregularly branching.
Stems slender, julaceous. Leaves overlapping, ovate, short-acuminate,
concave, margins recurved in lower part; costa ending about mid-leaf,



110          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
strong; leaf cells thick-walled, elliptical or rhomboidal, 1-2:1, longer near
the costa; large area of subquadrate cells at the basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves pale, larger, the acuminations extending to or a little beyond the
capsule. Seta very short; capsule cylindrical; calyptra conical, covering
only the operculum, rough at tip; operculum short, conic; annulus large;
outer peristome teeth slender, papillose; segments about half the length
of the teeth, slender, hyaline. Spores papillose, 16-20 s.
HABITAT: On trees and shrubs; frequently abundant on fallen rot-
ting branches.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state. Alachua,
Clay, Collier, Columbia, Gadsden, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Jackson,
Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau,
Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Suwan-
nee, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.

        Cryphaea glomerata var. scabra Grout        PLATE 114
  Similar to C. glomerata except that the perichaetial leaves have a ver
rough, long-excurrent costa, and are chlorophyllose. Some doubt exists
as to the validity of this variety, but its characters seem to be clear-cut.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Collier, Gadsden, Leon Counties. Probably
much more widespread than this indicates.

         Cryphaea nervosa (Hook. & Wils. PLATE 114
              ex Drumm.) BSG
  Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with a much longer acumination than C. glo-
merata; costa extending into apex; upper leaf cells sometimes slightly
papillose on dorsal side, median cells along the costa longer than the
upper and marginal cells. Perichaetial leaves prominently papillose.
  HABITAT: Same as C. glomerata.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, Marion, Polk, Wakulla Counties.


             FABRONIACEAE
 Plants glossy, slender, extremely small and delicate. Primary stems
 creeping, often freely branching. Leaves crowded, ovate to ovate-lance-
 olate, sometimes concave, entire, or more or less toothed; costa single and
 extending about half the length of the leaf, or absent; upper and median
 leaf cells smooth or papillose on back, rhomboidal; quadrate or short-
 rectangular cells at basal angles numerous. Capsules exserted, erect, sym-
 metric, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum short, conic, beaked;
 peristome single or double; segments, when present, narrow and fragile.


110          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
strong; leaf cells thick-walled, elliptical or rhomboidal, 1-2: 1, longer near
the costa; large area of subquadrate cells at the basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves pale, larger, the acuminations extending to or a little beyond the
capsule. Seta very short; capsule cylindrical; calyptra conical, covering
only the operculum, rough at tip; operculum short, conic; annulus large;
outer peristome teeth slender, papillose; segments about half the length
of the teeth, slender, hyaline. Spores papillose, 16-20 p.
  HABITAT: On trees and shrubs; frequently abundant on fallen rot-
ting branches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state. Alachua,
Clay, Collier, Columbia, Gadsden, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Jackson,
Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau,
Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Suwan-
nee, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.

        Cryphaea glomerata vat. scabra Grout        PLATE 114
  Similar to C. glomerata except that the perichaetial leaves have a very
rough, long-excurrent costa, and are chlorophyllose. Some doubt exists
as to the validity of this variety, but its characters seem to be clear-cut.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Collier, Gadsden, Leon Counties. Probably
much more widespread than this indicates.

         Cryphaea nervosa (Hook. & Wils. PLATE 114
              ex Drumm.) BSG
  Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with a much longer acumination than C. glo-
merata; costa extending into apex; upper leaf cells sometimes slightly
papillose on dorsal side, median cells along the costa longer than the
upper and marginal cells. Perichaetial leaves prominently papillose.
  HABITAT: Same as C. glomerata.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, Marion, Polk, Wakulla Counties.


             FABRONIACEAE
  Plants glossy, slender, extremely small and delicate. Primary stems
creeping, often freely branching. Leaves crowded, ovate to ovate-lance-
olate, sometimes concave, entire, or more or less toothed; costa single and
extending about half the length of the leaf, or absent; upper and median
leaf cells smooth or papillose on back, rhomboidal; quadrate or short-
rectangular cells at basal angles numerous. Capsules exserted, erect, sym-
metric, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum short, conic, beaked;
peristome single or double; segments, when present, narrow and fragile.


110


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


strong; leaf cells thick-walled, elliptical or rhomboidal, 1-2: 1, longer near
the costa; large area of subquadrate cells at the basal margin. Perichaetial
leaves pale, larger, the acuminations extending to or a little beyond the
capsule. Seta very short; capsule cylindrical; calyptra conical, covering
only the operculum, rough at tip; operculum short, conic; annulus large;
outer peristome teeth slender, papillose; segments about half the length
of the teeth, slender, hyaline. Spores papillose, 16-20 a.
HABITAT: On trees and shrubs; frequently abundant on fallen rot-
ting branches.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Common throughout the state. Alachua,
Clay, Collier, Columbia, Gadsden, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Jackson,
Jefferson, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Marion, Nassau,
Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Suwan-
nee, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.

        Cryphaea glomerafa yar, scabra Grout        PLATE 114
  Similar to C. glomerata except that the perichaetial leaves have a very
rough, long-excurrent costa, and are chlorophyllose. Some doubt exists
as to the validity of this variety, but its characters seem to be clear-cut.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Collier, Gadsden, Leon Counties. Probably
much more widespread than this indicates.

         Cryphaea nervosa (Hook. & Wils. PLATE 114
              ex Drumm.) BSG
  Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with a much longer acumination than C. glo-
merata; costa extending into apex; upper leaf cells sometimes slightly
papillose on dorsal side, median cells along the costa longer than the
upper and marginal cells. Perichaetial leaves prominently papillose.
  HABITAT: Same as C. glomerata.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Columbia, Duval, Escambia, Gadsden,
Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, Marion, Polk, Wakulla Counties.


             FABRONIACEAE
  Plants glossy, slender, extremely small and delicate. Primary stems
creeping, often freely branching. Leaves crowded, ovate to ovate-lance-
olate, sometimes concave, entire, or more or less toothed; costa single and
extending about half the length of the leaf, or absent; upper and median
leaf cells smooth or papillose on back, rhomboidal; quadrate or short-
rectangular cells at basal angles numerous. Capsules exserted, erect, sym-
metric, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum short, conic, beaked;
peristome single or double; segments, when present, narrow and fragile.



FABRONIACEAE


111


FABRONIACEAE


111


FAB RONIAC EAE


111


0. Leases esate,finy adevnytothed, teth carving outward;cellsepail-
1. Levscstate
  2. Lvstieorneaiy so
     reflesed when dry-_____- -._.------- Anacapodon
     3. Peristone double, oter teeth shorte thaie,mntpared or re
     tiered when dry. . . . ...Cksm todor
  2. Leases trashed in opper balf____ ..... ---- Fahronia

             SCHWVETSCHKEFOPSIS

        Schwoetschkeopsis densticralata (Suit.)     PLAsTE 115
              Broth. in E. & P.
 Plants in crowded mats, light olive- or yellow -green, glassy; siems
 slender, julaceous. Leases ovate-lonceolate, short-acouminate, marogins vith
 fioe ieeih cursing onusnard; costa absent; npper and mtedian teal cells
 1-2:1, wvith a singie papnilla on does at snrface; enlire hare of quadraie
 celis, ihe hasal tmargin oniy slighily iooiheel or entire. Not fruiting in
 Florida.
 HIAnT: On hoses of trees, stumps, iogs, occasionally rocks.
 DtSTIUTItON: Florida: Alachna, Cadsden, Highiands, Jachson,
 Jefferson, Lahe, Leon, Liheriy, Marion, Polk, Seminoie, Waknlio Coon-
 ties,

              ANACAMIPTODON

        Anacamptonal oslachnoialcn (Froel. PLATE Ill
               rn Brid.) Brid.
 Plants sers rich dlarh green, gloassy -Leaves crowedc, oatei-ianceolate,
 concave, sotmetimnescnrve;nmargins entire; costa racoing mid-ieaf;nupper
 leaf cells rhomhic-hexagoal, 4-6: 1, median cells 2-3: t, basai cells tee-
 taongnarIlMonoicous. Perichaeiial leavcs broader, with shorter acnina-
 tion, costaiat id-lcafioralmost pecrrent Capsule exsertedaon short
 seta, cy-linedric, eonspicnonsly constricted uner the mothi wshen dry;
 calyptra hood-shaped, covering more than half the caposule, and split
 nearly so the apex; operculum w irk a short, cursedl heah. Outer pcristome
 teeth anile d in paires and recrewncdry, desely papillose; inner
 peristome teeth short, filamentons, inconspicnons. Spar es sooth, t0 Iy.
 HAsnITAT: to hnotholes of tree trunh armi crevices inhobr.
 DISTnRBTION: Floria: Clay, Duval, Lean, Marion Conties.
 Anacanmptodon has been callesd the hnothole mass, hnt as hnowvledge of
 its lbahit ansd hahitat increases wte knots that it is noat so restricted. It has
 hren collected tram trunks of trees, oecastionally from stomps, from lags


1. Leavesces-ostate,hfnely and evenly tsathed, teeth carating onutward;ellgtpapi-
  lose at hach ... . ......---------- ---_--Schetschkeopsis
1. Le aves cott
  2. Leases entire orrneasly so
    3. Perisrame doable, onter teeth longer than inner, nised in pairs and
    relesed when dry.    .........------ -- .......Anacamptodon
    3. Pristanardoube, outer teeththorterrhan inner, notpairedsorr-
    flexed when dry.      .__--- ....---- -- --..Clanoatodor
  2. Leases toothed in upper bait. . . . Fahronia

             SCHdWETSCHKEiCOPSIS

        Schwaetrchkeopir denticulata (Sull.)      PrLATE 115
              Broth, in F. & P.
 Plants in croweded mats, light olive- or yellowv-green, glossy; stems
 slender, jniaceous. Leaves ovate-laneolate, short-acutinate, margins wyith
 fine teeth cnreing antwsard; costa ahsent; npper and median teal cells
 1-2:1, wyith a sinsgle papilla an does at snrface; entire hose of qusadrare
 cells, she hasal tmargin only slightly toothedl or erntire. Nest frniting in
 Florida.
 HsBTAsT: On hoses of trees, stusops, lags, occasionally rochs.
 DISoTRIUTION: Florida: Alachna, Cadsden, Highlands, Jackson,
 Jefferson, Lahe, Leon, Liherty, Marion, Path, Senminole, Wahnulla Coon-


              ANACAMPTODON

        Anacamptlodon aslachnaidco (Froehl. PLTE 5 116
               tin Brid.) Brid.
 Plants sees rich dark green, glosss. Leaves conded, asvate-lanceoate,
 cnae, sometinses enurved; msargins entire; costa reaching mid-leaf; upper
 leaf cells rhombic-hexagonal, 4-h: 1, median cells 2-3:ot, basal cells tee-
 ranunar. Monoicons. Perichactial leases hroader, weith shorter acutmina-
 tion, costa to mid-teal or almost percnrrens. Capsule cxscertcd an short
 seta, cylindric, conspicnonsly constrieted under the nmoth wehen dry;
 calypira hood-shaped, catering ntare than half the capsnle, and split
 nearly tontlheapex; operculumtwith ashrtcred bea. Oter peristome
 teeth united inpairs and recnrvedlswhen dry, densceypapilase; inner
 peristome teeth short, filamentons, inconspicnons. Spares smsooth, 15 p.
 HABITAsT: In knotholes of tree trunka orin crevices in hark.
 DISTRIBTnION:a Florida: Clay, Ducal, Lean, Marion Counties.
 Anacasmptodos has been called the knothole moss, hut as knowledge of
 its hahir and hohirat increarsesswe knows that itris not soarestrieted. It has
 heen collected from teunks of trees, occasionally from slumps, front lags


1. Leavs eseostae, flry andevnly toothed, teeth curvhng outwrard;ells papil-
  lose or hack ..------- ... ....------ ..-----.----------Scehschkeosis
5. Leavestcstatc
  2. Leaves ertirearrenery so
    3. Periuome douhl, onutertethlongrsthaninner,aunited in pairsoad
    wrefleed when dry. . . .   Anacanptodn
    3. Peristoedoubl, outerteeth shorerrhan inner,not pairedor re-
    flesed okra dry._..   ---_--.------ Ctoanarrdrr
  2. Leve- tthed in upp-r halt  ..... ......................Fahbrnia

             SCHWEl~TSCHKEFOPSIS

        Schw-elsclkeopsais denticu/la   (Sull.)    PerATE 115
              Broth, in E. & P.
 Plants in cerowded toots, light alive- or yellowe-geen, glossy; stems
 slender, julaceous. Leaves ovatc-lanceolate, short-acuminare, margins sritk
 flee teeth cnurving ontoward; costa ahsen; upper and moedian teal cells
 1-2:1, with a single papillaoan dorsal snrface; entire base oflqadrare
 cells, the haal nmargin only slightly tossihed or entire. Nat frutiting i
 Floridla.
 HABTAT:v On hoses of trees, stomps, lags, occasionally tacks.
 DITvRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Cadsden, Highlands, Jackson,
 Jefferson, Lake, Lean, Likensy, Marion, Path, Seminole, Wakulla Coon-
 ties.

              ANACAMIPTODON

        Antacamptoadon splachnoides (Froehl. PLATO 116
               rn Brid.) Brid.
 Ptlants sets rich dark green, glossy.- Leanves crowede, oaoe-lanceolate,
 cocvsometimes cnureed; margins entire; costa reaching msid-leaf; upper
 leaf cells rhombic-hexagonal, 4-hot1, median cells 2-3: 1, hasal cells rec-
 tangniar. Monoicous. Perichaetial tear-es brooder, with shooter acnmina-
 lion, canto to snid-leaf or almost percssrrentI. Capsnle exserred ott shsort
 seta, cylindric, conspicnonsly constricted nder the muth ohmn dey;
 caispira knod-shaped, catering nmore than half the capsule, and split
 nearlystotheapex;apclaum with ashrt, curvedkbeak. Outer pristome
 reetha united in pairs andi reenrveel when dry, densely papillose; inner
 peristaome teeth short, filarmentans, incoanspicnons. Spares smooth, 1h  .
 HAnITAT: to knotholes of tree runk ar ia crevicesh hn ark.
 DISTRBUTION: Florida: Cloy, Duval, Leon, Marion Conies.
 Ansoaamptodoan has keen coiled she knotrhole mosss, bnt as bun-wledge of
 its hahir and habitat increases see hos that ir is not so restricted. Is has
 keen collected from trunks of trees, occasionally from stomps, from lags





114          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
and decaying wood, and even from old fungi (reports by Crum). The
specimen cited from Leon County was growing in a large knothole in
the trunk of Quercus nigra L., about 7 feet from the ground, the knot-
hole being about 8 inches in diameter at its opening, at least as deep,
sloping, and very rotten and spongy.


              CLASMATODON

     Clasmatodon parvulus (Hampe) Hook. & PLATE 115
               Wils. ex Sull.
  Plants in thin mats, the younger parts bright green, the older parts
darker and sometimes brownish. Branches short, leaves crowded, ends of
branches sometimes slightly hooked. Leaves ovate, with a short acumi-
nation, entire, costa extending beyond mid-leaf; leaf cells rhomboidal,
1-3: 1, large area of quadrate basal cells extending about 12-16 rows along
the margin and across the base in a few rows to the costa. Monoicous.
Perichaetial leaves longer, ecostate. Capsule exserted on short seta, erect,
symmetric, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum with curved beak;
annulus present, sometimes deciduous; outer peristome teeth irregular,
blunt, easily broken and remaining as stumps, papillose; inner peristome
teeth pale yellow, longer than the outer, and often mistaken for them.
Spores faintly papillose, 16-18 p.
HAEITAT: On bark of trees and shrubs.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Probably in every county.


                FABRONIA
          Fabronia ravenelii Soll. in Gray       PLATE 102
  Plants extremely small and delicate, growing in thin mats, easily over-
looked. Primary stems creeping; branches short, densely foliate. Leaves
spreading, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate; margin toothed in upper half,
entire or nearly so in lower half; costa extending beyond mid-leaf; upper
leaf cells hexagonal-rhomboidal, 2-4:1 or occasionally longer, gradually
decreasing in length toward the base; entire base filled with quadrate cells,
extending up margin 12-20 rows. No fruiting specimens seen.
  HAB11AT: On bark of living trees.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Leon, Liberty, Suwannec Coun-


112          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
and decaying wood, and even from old fungi (reports by Crum). The
specimen cited from Leon County was growing in a large knothole in
the trunk of Quercus nigra L., about 7 feet from the ground, the knot-
hole being about 8 inches in diameter at its opening, at least as deep,
sloping, and very rotten and spongy.


              CLASMATODON

     Clasmatodon parvulus (Hampe) Hook. & PLATE 115
               Wils. ex Sull.
 Plants in thin mats, the younger parts bright green, the older parts
 darker and sometimes brownish. Branches short, leaves crowded, ends of
 branches sometimes slightly hooked. Leaves ovate, with a short acumi-
 nation, entire, costa extending beyond mid-leaf; leaf cells rhomboidal,
 1-3:1, large area of quadrate basal cells extending about 12-16 rows along
 the margin and across the base in a few rows to the costa. Monoicous.
 Perichactial leaves longer, ecostate. Capsule exserted on short ,eta, erect,
 symmetric, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum with curved beak;
 annulus present, sometimes deciduous; outer peristome teeth irregular,
 blunt, easily broken and remaining as stumps, papillose; inner peristome
 teeth pale yellow, longer than the outer, and often mistaken for them.
 Spores faintly papillose, 16-18 p.
 HABITAT: On bark of trees and shrubs.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Probably in every county.


                FABRONIA

          Fabronia ravenelli Sull. in Gray       PLATE 102
  Plants extremely small and delicate, growing in thin mats, easily over-
looked. Primary stems creeping; branches short, densely foliate. Leaves
spreading, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate; margin toothed in upper half,
entire or nearly so in lower half; costa extending beyond mid-leaf; upper
leaf cells hexagonal-rhomboidal, 2-4:1 or occasionally longer, gradually
decreasing in length toward the base; entire base filled with quadrate cells,
extending up margin 12-20 rows. No fruiting specimens seen.
HABITAT: On bark of living trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Leon, Liberty, Suwannee Coun-
ties,


112


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


and decaying wood, and even from old fungi (reports by Crum). The
specimen cited from Leon County was growing in a large knothole in
the trunk of Quercus nigra L., about 7 feet from the ground, the knot-
hole being about 8 inches in diameter at its opening, at least as deep,
sloping, and very rotten and spongy.


              CLASIATODON


Clasmatodon parvulus (Hampe) Hook. &
          Wils. ex Sull.


PLATE 115


Plants in thin mats, the younger parts bright green, the older parts
darker and sometimes brownish. Branches short, leaves crowded, ends of
branches sometimes slightly hooked. Leaves ovate, with a short acumi-
nation, entire, costa extending beyond mid-leaf; leaf cells rhomboidal,
1-3:1, large area of quadrate basal cells extending about 12-16 rows along
the margin and across the base in a few rows to the costa. Monoicous.
Perichaetial leaves longer, ecostate. Capsule exserted on short seta, erect,
symmetric, cylindric; calyptra hood-shaped; operculum with curved beak;
annulus present, sometimes deciduous; outer peristome teeth irregular,
blunt, easily broken and remaining as stumps, papillose; inner peristome
teeth pale yellow, longer than the outer, and often mistaken for them.
Spores faintly papillose, 16-18 p.
HABITAT: On bark of trees and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Probably in every county.


                FABRONIA
          Fabronia ravene/li SIll. in Gray PLATE 102
 Plants extremely small and delicate, growing in thin mats, easily over-
looked. Primary stems creeping; branches short, densely foliate. Leaves
spreading, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate; margin toothed in upper half,
entire or nearly so in lower half; costa extending beyond mid-leaf; upper
leaf cells hexagonal-rhomboidal, 2-4:1 or occasionally longer, gradually
decreasing in length toward the base; entire base filled with quadrate cells,
extending up margin 12-20 rows. No fruiting specimens seen.
HAITAT: On bark of living trees.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Leon, Liberty, Suwannee Coun-
ties.



                    FONTNALAEAE113

            FONTINALACEAE
 Plants snbnmerged, or exposed when water recedes, attached at base
of theirestenms ariy, dlark green, goilen, bervwn, oe blackish, oftettcsated
swith sediment. Stents flaccid ta rigid, ap ta 15 cm long, beanched. Leaves
3-eanked, sometintes carved in one directioss at ends of beanches, plane,
cancave, saoetimnes deecuerent cells in alar region sonmetimes dlifferentiated
inta aueicles; costate or ecostate; aptical and basal cells broader anal shatter
titan median celts. Plarida material sterile.

               Es en GENERA
1. Leacesectte, rlame, camerae, Inhuar, nr folded- -    -   ontinalis
1. Leacesanostat, folded
  2. Leaves mnawl lanctoate, carved in are diretin; cads nt stern carved,
    net conspicansly S-andled .......... ..........---- Dichelymsa
  2. Leavesradrnntcaus-ed itnoedirecsin;endslfsemsncrved, cn-
    spicnauste  3-angled  .....-......ta......n..


               FONTINALIS
 Plants aqttatic, slender to rohust, flaccid to rigid. Stems branching
 irregualy, hare at bases, attached ta snbstratnnt only at bases. Leaves
 3-ranked, ecostate, flat ta keeled and felded, tnargins snmetimes rnlled
 inwvard, apices entire In tnathed, acnte In obtnse; apical cells short;
 naedian cells linear ta rhombnidal; cells sin alar reginn qnadrate, rectangss-
 tar, or sub-hexaganal, sametimes inflated, farming anricles.

 1. Lavaes nsaliy concave sa keeled and fnlded
 2. Margains irequently salted innard
    3, Margtins near apex narroante ratted innard; arex stander.._
                               P. noacangsae
    3. Msaginboadyrolld innard,aoften neartotasaea; atexbradr..-.-
                        P. novae-anglicae cat, ynbifolia
  2. Margainsnot rolledinaa-rd; lavceswithlongslndersips
    3. Ariaes cbruptly acumincta; inflated aa region conspicuous.F. disticlhc
    S. Apices long acnminate; inflated sit region tactic difftreatsated.
                                 P. filifornic
t. Leavsaesually alane, nareowle ovate-lanceolate, araoned abruetly to an obtuse
  tip; auriclee promineat.....--.--..--.-------------- ............PF. flaccida

          Frntinalis rtovae-angliae Sall. PLATE 117
  Plants slender In robust, dark dirty green nr browvn, flaccid In rigid,
sotnetimses 105 cm in length, pinnately branched, basal parts of stems bare.
Leaves erect at spreading, nt craswded, concave, oaea-lanceolate, upper
margins narroawly inrolled; apices obtusa tn truncala, finely toothed;
macliar leaf cells linear; cells in aa region enlarged, sometimes calloswish,
farming distinct aricles, leaf bases somewhat decurrent.


                    FONTNALAEAE113

            FONTINALACEAE
 Plants submergad, cr anpased when water recedes, attached at base
 of their stems arty, dark creen, golden, brawn, at blackish, after catad
 n-ilk sedimnt. Stems flaccid to tigid, ap to 11 cm lang, branched. Leaves
 3-ranked, somatimeas carved in arc directicr at erds of branches, plane,
 cocase, sometimes decarent; calls in aa rapier somatitnes differeatiated
into aricles; costateorecostate; apical anal basal cells bradelr and shortar
than msedian cells. Plisda msatarial sterile.

               EY o GENERA
1. Leaves ecostat, elate, concve, tubular, at folded. .       Partisalis
1. Leaves costat, folded
  2. Letvnsrnarrowvlylanceoatet, curvedin oendietna;tndsafttms curvd,
    anat cnspicuously Scattled.................................  Dichelyma
  2. Leaes broadr,onostcd inonedircion; ends ofstemsrnot crved, car-
    saicously 3-cantled. . . . .  rachelyna


               FONTINAIS
  Plants aqtatic, slendar to robust, flaccid to rigid. Starts branching
irregularly, hate at bases, attached to substratum arty at bases. Leaves
3-ranked, ecoslala, flat to keeled and feldad, margin s someatimes rolled
itnwaed, apices entire In toothed, acrte to ablte; apical cells shot;
median cells linear to ehombaidal; cells sin aa region quadrate, ractangu-
laor sub-henaganal, smetimes inflated, faorting auricles.

1. tLeavesusally concave at keeled and folded
  2. Mlarains ireqently totted insward
    3. Margins neat attn narroswly ratted inward; ape ranltndert........._.
                               P. novae-angkiae
    S. Margins braadly railed inward, after narti to base; arts broader..-.
                        P. nocae-angliae sat. cymbifolia
  2. Mtargins not rollad inward;lavesswithblong slrndartis
    3. Arices abruplyo acuminate; inflated aloe region canspicoot... disticka
    3. Aptices long acusminatr; inflated alar region tactic differentiattd.
                                 P. filifcanit
1. Leaves usually tlara, ratterly ovca-lanceolte, nrttaned abruptly to an obtuse
  tie; aricles trominetL.. . . - -_ ----- ------ - F . ....... faceida

           Frntinalis nrvae-angliae Sull. PLAE 117
  Plants slender to robust, dark dirty green ar heater, flaccid to rigid,
soetimas 10 can in ltngth, pinnately beanchad, basal parts of stems bare.
Ltaves erect at spreading, rat crowed, concave, ovate-lanctalate, upper
margins rarroswly machald; apices abte to truncate, finely toothed;
median leaf calls liear; calls in afar region enlargad, sotetimes yelloweish,
farming distinct auricles, leaf bases somehat decurrent.


                    FONTNALAEAE113

            FONTINALACEAE
 Plants submerged, ar exposed wen watar recedes, attached at base
nf theta starts only, dark greats, golden, baown, or blackish, oftan caoad
wvith sediment. Slants flaccid to rigid, ap to 15 cm long, beanched. Leaves
3-ranked, someties cared in oe dirction at tails of branches, plant,
coencave, somatimes dacatent; calls in aa region somretimtes differentiated
into auricles; cosate or acestate; apical atnd basal calls broader and shorer
than msadian calls. Plidca material sterile.

               EY o GENERA
1. Lenses ecastat, plaer, caterer, tukular, or folded. .    .   oortia
1. Laveascostate, folded
  2. Leavesonarrowlylanolat, curved inonecdirection;rnds oftemsacuvd,
    an01 canspicuously S-angled ........_.---- -............--Dichelyna
  2. Leaveoa  ertc, not curvedir onedirtions;ands ofotms ncured,ao-
    epicuousy 3-angled ...................................Btachelyna


               FONTINALI S
 Plants aqatic, slender to robust, flaccid to rigid. Stems branching
 irregualy, hate at bases, attached so substratum arty at basas. Leaves
 f-ranked, ecoslate, flat to keeled and folded, mtargins sometimes tailed
 inweard, apicas entire In toothed, acrta to obtuse; apical calls shor;
 madian calls linara to rhomboidal; calls in afar ragion quadata, ectargu-
 tar, or sub-hanagonal, sometimes inflated, farming auriclen.

 1. Leavesnusuycncave as kealad and foided
 2. Margins frequently rollad inaed
    S. Margins near ate enrttaly totled inward; arexsldender .........
                               P. noae-angliae
    3. Mcainskbroadly roled iard, oftenrnearlyetobe; ares broader....
                        F. nrae-angliae var. cynbifolia
  2. Mtcainsotrroledinweard;tleavesr-ithklontsleder is
    S. Artes abruptlo acuminca; inflated nine egion eensriaaoas..P. dirricka
    S. Apcices tong acunminate; inflatad alar region tootle differentiated.----
                                 F. filifo,-s
1. Leavesausuallyplane, nroely oates-laneoata, arrowed abtruptlyetoanobktute
  tie; aurdcles trominent ........P .-------- ..---..------.--------_. flaccida

           Fontinalis nrae-angliae Sull. PLATE 117
  Plants slander to robust, dark dirts green or broswn, flaccid to rigid,
somtimas 10 era in length, pinnately branched, basal pats of slants bare.
Leaves erect or spreading, not croswded, concave, ovate-lanceolate, upper
margins narrowly inrollrd; apices otuse to truncale, flatly toothed;
smedian leaf calls linear; cells in aa region enlarged, sometimas ellowsish,
farming distinct auricles, leaf bases somttnhat decrrenrt.



114          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  HABITAT: In either sluggish or swift streams, attached to bases of
Taxodium or Nyssa, or growing on limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf, Leon, Liberty,
Marion Counties.

           Fontinalis novae-angliae var. PteE 117
         cymbifolia (Aust.) Welch in Grout
  Leaves rather close to stems, overlapping, sublinear or oblong-lanceo-
late, deeply concave, often keeled and folded, margins usually broadly
inrolled, apices short, somewhat inrolled and hood-shaped, obtuse to
acute, finely toothed.
  HABITAT: In streams, attached to bases of trees or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Taylor County.

  Fontinalis disticha Hook. & Wils. ex Drumm. PLATE 118
  Plants slender, delicate, rigid, dark green or yellowish in younger parts,
darker and blackish in older, older parts of stem bare. Leaves distant,
narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, margins plane; apices finely toothed
to entire; branch leaves sometimes smaller; cells in alar region rectangular,
enlarged, pellucid, forming poorly defined auricles, bases occasionally
decurrent.
HABITAT: In running water, often submerged, attached to trees,
debris, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Volusia Coun-
ties.

    Fontinalis filiformis Sull. &    Lesq. ex Aust.       PLATE 117
 Plants very slender and delicate, yellow to dark green in older parts.
 Leaves firm, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, apices acute, toothed;
 cells in alar region slightly enlarged and hyaline; bases not decurrent.
 HABITAT: Attached to limestone in swift-flowing stream.
 DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden County (Pronto Springs).


114          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  HABITAT: In either sluggish or swift streams, attached to bases of
Taxodium or Nyssa, or growing on limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf, Leon, Liberty,
Marion Counties.

           Fontinalis novae-angliae var. PLATE 117
         cymbifolia (Aust.) Welch in Grout
  Leaves rather close to stems, overlapping, sublinear or oblong-lanceo-
late, deeply concave, often keeled and folded, margins usually broadly
inrolled, apices short, somewhat inrolled and hood-shaped, obtuse to
acute, finely toothed.
  HABITAT: In streams, attached to bases of trees or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Taylor County.

  Fontinalis disticha Hook. & Wils. ex Drumm. PLATE 118
  Plants slender, delicate, rigid, dark green or yellowish in younger parts,
darker and blackish in older, older parts of stem bare. Leaves distant,
narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, margins plane; apices finely toothed
to entire; branch leaves sometimes smaller; cells in alar region rectangular,
enlarged, pellucid, forming poorly defined auricles, bases occasionally
decurrent.
HABITAT: In running water, often submerged, attached to trees,
debris, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Volusia Coun-
ties.

    Fontinalis filiformis Sull. &    Lesq. ex Aust.       PLATE 117
 Plants very slender and delicate, yellow to dark green in older parts.
 Leaves firm, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, apices acute, toothed;
 cells in alar region slightly enlarged and hyaline; bases not decurrent.
 HABITAT: Attached to limestone in swift-flowing stream.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden County (Pronto Springs).


114


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


  HABITAT: In either sluggish or swift streams, attached to bases of
Taxodium or Nyssa, or growing on limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf, Leon, Liberty,
Marion Counties.

           Fontinalis novae-angliae var. PLATE 117
         cymbifolia (Aust.) Welch in Grout
  Leaves rather close to stems, overlapping, sublinear or oblong-lanceo-
late, deeply concave, often keeled and folded, margins usually broadly
inrolled, apices short, somewhat inrolled and hood-shaped, obtuse to
acute, finely toothed.
  HABITAT: In streams, attached to bases of trees or limestone.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Taylor County.

  Fontinalis disticha Hook. & Wils. ex Drumm. PLATE 118
  Plants slender, delicate, rigid, dark green or yellowish in younger parts,
darker and blackish in older, older parts of stem bare. Leaves distant,
narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, margins plane; apices finely toothed
to entire; branch leaves sometimes smaller; cells in alar region rectangular,
enlarged, pellucid, forming poorly defined auricles, bases occasionally
decurrent.
HABITAT: In running water, often submerged, attached to trees,
debris, limestone.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Leon, Volusia Coun-
ties.

    Fontinalis filiformis Sill. &    Lesq. ex Aust.       PLATE 117
 Plants very slender and delicate, yellow to dark green in older parts.
 Leaves firm, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, apices acute, toothed;
 cells in alar region slightly enlarged and hyaline; bases not decurrent.
 HABITAT: Attached to limestone in swift-flowing stream.
 DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden County (Pronto Springs).


Fontinalis flaccida R. & C.


PLATE 118


Fontinalis flaccida R. & C.


PLATE 118


Fontinalis flaccida R. & C.


PLATE 118


Stems and leaves flaccid, delicate, pale, branching irregularly; leaves
distant, plane, slightly concave at base and apex, narrowly ovate-lanceo-
late, long-acuminate, slightly toothed at obtuse apex; median leaf cells
linear; cells in alar region hyaline to yellowish, forming distinct auricles.
  HABITAT: On bases of trees at water line, or attached to logs or lime-
stone, in swift-flowing streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Nassau, Polk, Taylor,
Volusia, Wakulla Counties.


  Stems and leaves flaccid, delicate, pale, branching irregularly; leaves
distant, plane, slightly concave at base and apex, narrowly ovate-lanceo-
late, long-acunmiatc, slightly toothed at obtuse apex; median leaf cells
linear; cells in alar region hyaline to yellowish, forming distinct auricles.
  HABITAT: On bases of trees at water line, or attached to logs or lime-
stone, in swift-flowing streams.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Nassau, Polk, Taylor,
Volusia, Wakulla Counties.


Stems and leaves flaccid, delicate, pale, branching irregularly; leaves
distant, plane, slightly concave at base and apex, narrowly ovate-lanceo-
late, long-acuminate, slightly toothed at obtuse apex; median leaf cells
linear; cells in alar region hyaline to yellowish, forming distinct auricles.
  HABITAT: On bases of trees at water line, or attached to logs or lime-
stone, in swift-flowing streams.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Gadsden, Nassau, Polk, Taylor,
Volusia, Wakulla Counties.



              FONTINALACEAE         115
              DICHELYMA

      Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. PLATE 119
 Plants slender, rather delicate, glossy, dark green or brown, older parts
 almost black; branches distant, spreading, curved at the tips, the ends
of stetos and branches not conspicuously 3-angled. Leaves folded along
costa, long-pointed, erect, or curved in one direction near the ends of
the branches; leaf margins plane or slightly reflexed in the middle,
slightly toothed or entire at apex; costa long-excurrent from a short, broad
base; median cells linear, basal cells shorter, alar region indistinct, not
auriculate.
  HABITAT: On cypress (Taxodium) knee, river flood plain.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Wakulla County.

               BRACHELYMA
  Plants submerged or floating, robust, 10-15 cm long, flaccid or rigid;
stems 3-angled, branched, bare in older parts. Leaves 3-ranked, costate,
oblong-lanceolate, folded along costa. Leaf apices acute or obtuse, more
or less toothed; costa percurrent or nearly so; median leaf cells elongate,
2-10:1; leaf bases decurrent, with a few elongated marginal cells, not
auriculate.
Plants flaccid; stems pinnately or bipinnately branched; leaf apices blunt..............
                                B. subulatum
Plants rigid, more freely branched; leaf apices acute to obtuse.....____.B. robustum

         Brachelyma subulatum (P. Beauv.) PLATE 119
              Schimp. ex Card.
  Plants flaccid, rather slender, bare toward the base, pinnately or bi-
pinnately branched. Leaves 3-ranked, spreading or overlapping, folded
along costa, oblong-lanceolate, decurrent; costa percurrent or nearly so;
apex blunt, slightly toothed; median leaf cells 2-4: 1, fusiform; a row or
two of elongated marginal cells forming a weak margin; basal cells short-
rectangular.
  HABITAT: In ponds and streams, attached to bases of Taxodium or
Nyssa, or to dock pilings, at or below high-water mark.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Leon Counties.


     Brachelyma robustum (Card.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 119
  Plants larger and coarser than      B. subulatum; freely branching,
branches rigid, spreading. Leaves 3-ranked, crowded, folded along costa,
decurrent; larger and broader than those of B. subulatum; costa percur-


FONTINALACEAE


115


               DICHELYMA

      Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. PLATE 119
 Plants slender, rather delicate, glossy, dark green or brown, older parts
 almost black; branches distant, spreading, curved at the tips, the ends
of stems and branches not conspicuously 3-angled. Leaves folded along
costa, long-pointed, erect, or curved in one direction near the ends of
the branches; leaf margins plane or slightly reflexed in the middle,
slightly toothed or entire at apex; costa long-excurrent from a short, broad
base; median cells linear, basal cells shorter, alar region indistinct, not
auriculate.
  HABITAT: On cypress (Taxodium) knee, river flood plain.
  DISTR1UT1ON: Florida: Wakulla County.

               BRACHELYMA

  Plants submerged or floating, robust, 10-15 cm long, flaccid or rigid;
stems 3-angled, branched, bare in older parts. Leaves 3-ranked, costate,
oblong-lanceolate, folded along costa. Leaf apices acute or obtuse, more
or less toothed; costa percurrent or nearly so; median leaf cells elongate,
2-10:1; leaf bases decurrent, with a few elongated marginal cells, not
auriculate.
Plants flaccid; stems pinnately or bipinnately branched; leaf apices blunt__..
                                0. sbulatumn
Plants rigid, more freely branched; leaf apices acute to obtuse__.........R. robustum

         Brachelyma subulatum (P. Beauv.) PLATE 119
              Schimp. ex Card.
  Plants flaccid, rather slender, bare toward the base, pinnately or bi-
pinnately branched. Leaves 3-ranked, spreading or overlapping, folded
along costa, oblong-lanceolate, decurrent; costa percurrent or nearly so;
apex blunt, slightly toothed; median leaf cells 2-4: 1, fusiform; a row or
two of elongated marginal cells forming a weak margin; basal cells short-
rectangular.
  HABITAT: In ponds and streams, attached to bases of Taxodium or
Nyssa, or to dock pilings, at or below high-water mark.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Leon Counties.


     Brachelyma robustum (Card.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 119
  Plants larger and coarser than     B. subulatum; freely branching,
branches rigid, spreading. Leaves 3-ranked, crowded, folded along costa,
decurrent; larger and broader than those of B. subulatum; costa percur-


              FONTINALACEAE         115
              DICHELYMA

      Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. PLATE 119
 Plants slender, rather delicate, glossy, dark green or brown, older parts
 almost black; branches distant, spreading, curved at the tips, the ends
of stems and branches not conspicuously 3-angled. Leaves folded along
costa, long-pointed, erect, or curved in one direction near the ends of
the branches; leaf margins plane or slightly reflexed in the middle,
slightly toothed or entire at apex; costa long-excurrent from a short, broad
base; median cells linear, basal cells shorter, alar region indistinct, not
auriculate.
  HABITAT: On cypress (Taxodium) knee, river flood plain.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Wakulla County.

               BRACHELYMA

  Plants submerged or floating, robust, 10-15 cm long, flaccid or rigid;
stems 3-angled, branched, bare in older parts. Leaves 3-ranked, costate,
oblong-lanceolate, folded along costa. Leaf apices acute or obtuse, more
or less toothed; costa percurrent or nearly so; median leaf cells elongate,
2-10:1; leaf bases decurrent, with a few elongated marginal cells, not
auriculate.
Plants flaccid; stems pinnately or bipinnately branched; leaf apices blunts.
Plants rigid, more freely branched; leaf apices acute to obtuse_-_. robustum

         Brachelyma subulatum (P. Beauv.) PLATE 119
              Schimp. ex Card.
  Plants flaccid, rather slender, bare toward the base, pinnately or bi-
pinnately branched. Leaves 3-ranked, spreading or overlapping, folded
along costa, oblong-lanceolate, decurrent; costa percurrent or nearly so;
apex blunt, slightly toothed; median leaf cells 2-4: 1, fusiform; a row or
two of elongated marginal cells forming a weak margin; basal cells short-
rectangular.
  HABITAT: In ponds and streams, attached to bases of Taxodium or
Nyssa, or to dock pilings, at or below high-water mark.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Leon Counties.


     Brachelyma robustum (Card.) E. G. Britt. PLATE 119
  Plants larger and coarser than     B. subulatum; freely branching,
branches rigid, spreading. Leaves 3-ranked, crowded, folded along costa,
decurrent; larger and broader than those of B. subulatum; costa percur-



116          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
sent orsnearly so;apexnacte toobtse,oarsel andireglarly tothd;
median leaf cells 6-l0:1; marginal cells not differentiated; basal cells
more or less rectangulae or qoarsate.
HABITAT: In poods and streams, atsachedl so pilings, or torTaodiusm
orNyssa trns, atarbelowslsig-waternmark
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Calboun,        Escamsbia,   Holmes,   Jackson,
Okalonsa, Walton Coonsies.

            POLYTRICIIACEAL
 Plants in dense cusbions, perennial, frequently robno. Stems erect,
 sometinses developing from a brown or blacbisb creeping stemt. Lower
 leaves~ frequently reduced to small bracts; upper leaves lanceolate to lingo-
 late, sometimecrssped svben dry, osnally sbeatbing at boss; costa per-
 cuterns to excorrent, occopying most of tbe opper leaf blade, wth one to
 many lamellar on npper side of costa; margin sotnetimes dlifferentiatedi.
 Piasstsdioicons, the antberidia in rosettes at the sip of the stem, arclse-
 gonia in terminal boris. Capsnle ternstnal, erect or slighstly inclinerd, en-
 tested on a long sets, elongate, cylindrical or angolar; caiyptra bond-
 shaped, often hairy all ovr, nr spiny or papillose near apes, oresmooth,
 somietinses enoveri~ng entire capsole; opercolons conic, beaked; peristome
 of 32 or 64 short, blont, rounded, incurved teethwtnonross bars,
 rising from basal semobsane; dish-shaped epiphragm or nmembrane ciosisg
 mooth of capsule. Spores smooth, 8-24  , msaturing in early spring.
               En o GENERAs
1. L.amellae on upper side of costa i-to; capsule not longitssdinally ridged, withont
  hypophysis; calyptra not hairy, rot completely crossing corsair._Ateicisoso
1. Lameltaroususlly more numerous, op to 70; capsule cylindrical or longitudinatly
  risdged, sometimes with a distinct bypophysis; calypra hai ry, entirely crossing
  capsnle te netslyrso
  2. Capsulercyrhndric; 32 peristome teeth; prottonemata persistens -Pogosnstss
  2. Capsute 4-6 angled; 64 perstome teeth; protonemata nort persistent.
                                 Folyteictrors

                ATRIICHUM5
  Plantssoftenformingrcnspicouos, extensive mats;vyoung plants dark
green, older plans reddish or broswn; stems erect. Leaves linguists to
lanceote, not sheathing at base; margins bordered iih elongate cells,
toothed; crioped wrhen dry; cnsta percnrrent or ending beilow open, I to
15 lsmelae on opper side of costs, the terntinal cells of tse lamellae
ondifferentisted; opper and msedian leaf cells soonded or angular shore,
becomihng elongate and colorless or bronisnh at base. Capsule cylindrical,
roseted on a long srta, slighly inclined, osoally borne singly; calyptra
hood-shaped, thin and membranous, sometimes weith a few spines or


116          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
sent or nearly so; apets sente to obtuse, coassely and isregoiaely toothed;
median leaf cells 6-l0:1; marginal cells not differentiated; basal cells
moss or lso rerctangular or qoadrase.
HABITAT: In ponds and streams, attached so pilings, or so T'axoditin
or Nyrs tronks, as or belowr high-n-at er mash.
DISTnRBTION: Florida: Calhoun, Pscamtbis, Holmes, Jackson,
Ohaloosa, Walton Counsies.

            POLYTHICHACEAE
 Plants in dense cushions, perennial, freqnentiy robot. Stems erect,
 sometimes developing from a brown or blackisht creeping stem. Lnwer
 ieaves freiuently redesosmsnaliberts; uppereleases lanceolaternoiings-
 late, snmetimes risped whben dry, usouills sheathing at base; costa per-
 currentsto excorren, orcoupyingnmosnfstheouppereleaf blade,swithronesto
 many lansellae on upper sise of costs; margin sonsetimes differentiated.
 Plants dioicouts, she anthridia ins rnsettes at sthe sip of she stern, arhe-
 gonia in ternstnal bods. Capsule trminal, erect or slightly inclined, en-
 sersed on a lonsg sets, elongate, cylindrical nr angoular; calypstra hood-
 shaped, often hairy all ovr, nrspiny or papillose near apes, or smooth,
 somsetimes entering snoire capsole; operculiomennic, beaked; peristome
 of 32 or 64 shnort, blunt, ronded, incossed teeth wish o cross bass,
 rising fronsbasai membrane; disk-shaped      iphrgnt ormembrane closing
 mooth ofrapsoie. Sporssnsmoth, 8-24         nmtoring in eariysping.
               KoY To GENERA
1. Lamellae son upper side of costs i-15; capsule not longitudinally ridged, wsithont
  hypoebysis; cslypra not hairy, rot completely coering carts ir-..dteicsss,,
1. Lamellusaly more numerous, op ts 70; capsule cylindrical or longinsdinally
  tidged, sometimes with a distinct hypopkysis; calypra hairy, entirety covering
  casulde rnearlysn
  2. Capstule cylbndric; 32 rerisome teeth; protottemata persistens---Psosnators
  2. Casule4-6hangled;E64eistome teeh; rtonematasotersisen....
                                 Polytrichusr

                ATRICHUM
  Plantis nften forming conospicuouos, extensive mats; yoang plants dash
green, older plants reddish or hrow~n; stems eers. Leaees linguists so
lanreniate, nst sherarhing at base; snargins bordered iih eingate cells,
toothed; crisped swhen dry; costs percurrent or ending belows apes, I so
15 lamellae on upper side of crossa, she terminal cells of the lamellac
usndifferrorsiaed;ouppeer nsedianr leaf cells roonded or angular above,
becosning elongate sond colorless or browsnish at hate. Capslen cylindrical,
cxserted ott a long sets, slightly incelined, osoally borne singly; calyptrsa
hood-shaped, thin sod membeanous, sometimes with a fewspines or


116


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


sent or nearly so; open arose so obtose, coarsely and isregoialy toothed;
median leaf cells b-twit; mrginal cells not differentiated; basal cells
  moeor less rectsngular or qoadrate.
  HABITAT: In ponds sod streams, assacised so pilings, or so Taxodiusm
or Nysoa tronbs, as sir helo- high-water mash.
DISRs IBUTIN: Florida: Calhon, Escamobia, Holmes, Jackson,
Okalooss, Walton Counties.

            POLYTRICHACEAE
 Plants in dross coshions, perennial, feequensly robust. Stems reds,
 sometimes dereloping front a beoown or blackish creeping stein. Losr
 leaves freqoently reduoced to small besets; uprsie lest-es lanreolase so lingo-
 late, sometimes crispedl when dry, osually sheathing at hate; costs per-
 current so excrrn, occupyinsg most of the upper leaf blade, wish one so
 msany lamnellar son upperstide of costs; margin somsetimeo differentiated.
 Plants dioicous, she antheridia in rosettes at the sip of she stem, ehe-
 gonia in sermrinal horns. Capsule terminal, erect or slighly- inclined, en-
 tested on a long sets, elongate, cylindlrical or angoisr; caivptra hsoodi-
 shaped, often hai ry all ovee, or spiny or papillose near apes, or smooth,
 sometimes rosining entire capsole; opercolose conic, Seabed; peristomne
 of 32 or 64 shoes, blont, ronded, incusred teeth with no cross hart,
 rising Pfnom bossi membrane; disk-shaped epiphragsm or mesmbrane closing
 sotoeh of capsole. Spres smooth, 8-24 1, snaturing in early spring.
               Er no GENERA
1. Lamellac on seersrids ri cotta 1-15; carsole nor longitudinally ridged, wtrihous
  hypophysis; calypora not hairy, not completely noeting capsulc. Ateichin
t. Lamelfarousosly sore nmerous, op to 70; capsule cyhindrical oer lngitudinaly
  ridiged, somsetimes with a distinct hypophyris; calyptra haisy, entir-ty covering
  casuloe ortnearly so
  2. Capsule cylindric; 02 peristome-tecth; rotonmata persi.nt Pogorsttrn
  2. Capsute 4-6dangled; 64deristomesteeth;rtonematantersiset-..
                                 Polt7richumr

                ATRIICHUM
  Plants often forming conspicouos, extensive tests; young plants dash
green, older plants reddish or hr own; stems eect. Leases iinguliate so
lanceolase, not sheathing at bate; masgins bordered with elongate cells,
toothed; crispedwh en dry; cost- percrrsetorrending beiowrapex,lIso
15 lamellae on upernstide of costs, she sermissal cells of thn lamellae
undifferensiared; uppr and median leaf cells sounded or angular shore,
becroming elongate sod colorless rbrownish at hose. Capsule cylindrical,
ensertedl on a long sets, slightly inclined, osoally borne sinsgly; cslyptra
hood-shaped, shin and memhraous, sometimes ith a fewr spines or



POLYTRICHACEAE         117                 POLYTRICHACEAE         117                 POLYTRICHACEAE         117


papillae at apex; operculum long, beaked. Stomata absent; peristome of
32 short, blmt, rounded teeth. Spores smooth.
Lamellae 6-8, up to 8-9 cells high, covering op to one-third or more the width of
the  leaf..............._........................................__....... ------ - - - - - - --A.  angustatum
Lamellae 1-4, 3 or 4 cells high. ...... ----A. crispum

         Atrichum angustatum (Brid.) BSG PLATE 120
  Plants gregarious, robust, dark green, reddish brown when old; stems
erect, up to 10 cm high. Lower leaves reduced; upper leaves crowded,
crisped when dry. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sometimes wavy, with teeth
projecting from a few cells on the back. Leaf border of clear, elongated
cells, usually 1 cell wide, 1-2 cells thick, toothed. Costa percurrent or
nearly so, toothed on back near apex, one-third to one-half the width
of the leaf, and bearing up to 15 lamellae on upper surface, the lamellae
about 6 cells high; leaf cells round-hexagonal above, except for toothed
border of elongate hyaline cells, elongated and non-chlorophyllose at base;
cross sections of leaves at mid-point or above show variation in cell wall
structure, cells smooth or papillose, especially in region of under side of
costa. Capsule long-cylindric, on a long seta; calyptra membranous, some-
times spiny at tip, split for half its length, easily detached; operculum
beaked, about half the length of the capsule; peristome of 32 short, blunt,
incurved teeth. Spores smooth or nearly so, 10-14 p, maturing in
March-April.
HABITAT: On sandy soil, especially along ditch banks or other moist,
shady situations.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably occurs in all Florida counties. Very com-
mon, and conspicuous because of its relatively large size.
  Variations in presence or absence of papillae on leaf cell walls as seen
in cross sections may occur on the same plant, or even on the same leaf,
making separation of papillose forms into species A. xanthopelma (C. M.)
Jaeg. (or A. macmillani [Holz.] Frye in Grout) unwarranted. Although
several collections of A. undulatum  (Hedw.) Beauv. from Florida were
examined, I could not see any clear-cut distinctions between these and
typical A. angustatum. These two species as they occur in the southeastern
states, at least, need critical study.

      Atrichum crispum (James) Sull. in Gray PLATE 121
  Mats not as extensive or as compact as those of A. angustatum. Leaves
dark green, crisped when dry, spreading when moist; oblong-lanceolate,
apex ending in a single pointed cell; costa percurrent or ending just below
the apex, bearing 1-4 low lamellae on its upper side (occasionally absent);
leaf cells round or hexagonal except for border and for elongated basal


papillae at apex; operculum long, beaked. Stomata absent; peristome of
32 short, blunt, rounded teeth. Spores smooth.
Lamellae 6-8, up to 8-9 cells high, covering up to one-third or more the width of
the  leaf__....__....._.........__...-- _......____...........---- ......__.......--- - - - - - - - A.  angustatum
Lamellae 1-4, 3 or 4 cells high.__.......-.--..-..........--------------A. crispum

         Africhum angustatum (Brid.) BSG PLATE 120
  Plants gregarious, robust, dark green, reddish brown when old; stems
erect, up to 10 cm high. Lower leaves reduced; upper leaves crowded,
crisped when dry. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sometimes wavy, with teeth
projecting from a few cells on the back. Leaf border of clear, elongated
cells, usually 1 cell wide, 1-2 cells thick, toothed. Costa percurrent or
nearly so, toothed on back near apex, one-third to one-half the width
of the leaf, and bearing up to 15 lamellae on upper surface, the lamellae
about 6 cells high; leaf cells round-hexagonal above, except for toothed
border of elongate hyaline cells, elongated and non-chlorophyllose at base;
cross sections of leaves at mid-point or above show variation in cell wall
structure, cells smooth or papillose, especially in region of under side of
costa. Capsule long-cylindric, on a long seta; calyptra membranous, some-
times spiny at tip, split for half its length, easily detached; operculum
beaked, about half the length of the capsule; peristome of 32 short, blunt,
incurved   teeth. Spores smooth    or nearly so, 10-14 p, maturing in
March-April.
HABITAT: On sandy soil, especially along ditch banks or other moist,
shady situations.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably occurs in all Florida counties. Verv com-
mon, and conspicuous because of its relatively large size.
  Variations in presence or absence of papillae on leaf cell walls as seen
in cross sections may occur on the same plant, or even on the same leaf,
making separation of papillose forms into species A. xanthopelma (C. M.)
Jaeg. (or A. macmillani [Holz.] Frye in Grout) unwarranted. Although
several collections of A. undulatum   (Hedw.) Beauv. from Florida were
examined, I could not see ant clear-cut distinctions between these and
typical A. angustatum. These two species as they occur in the southeastern
states, at least, need critical study.

      Atrichum crispum (James) Sull. in Gray PLATE 121
  Mats not as extensive or as compact as those of A. angustatum. Leaves
dark green, crisped when dry, spreading when moist; oblong-lanceolate,
apex ending in a single pointed cell; costa percurrent or ending just below
the apex, bearing 1-4 low lamellae on its upper side (occasionally absent);
leaf cells round or hexagonal except for border and for elongated basal


papillae at apex; operculum long, beaked. Stomata absent; peristome of
32 short, blunt, rounded teeth. Spores smooth.
Lamellae 6-8, up to 8-9 cells high, covering up to one-third or more the width of
the  leaf.___ ____ ____._ ....-- - - - - --.....................................---- ------- A.  angustatum
Lamellae 1-4, 3 or 4 cells high.--...........-...-.--------------- A. crispum

         Atrichum angustatum (Brid.) BSG PLATE 120
  Plants gregarious, robust, dark green, reddish brown when old; stems
erect, up to 10 cm high. Lower leaves reduced; upper leaves crowded,
crisped when dry. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sometimes wavy, with teeth
projecting from a few cells on the back. Leaf border of clear, elongated
cells, usually 1 cell wide, 1-2 cells thick, toothed. Costa percurrent or
nearly so, toothed on back near apex, one-third to one-half the width
of the leaf, and bearing up to 15 lamellae on upper surface, the lamellae
about 6 cells high; leaf cells round-hexagonal above, except for toothed
border of elongate hyaline cells, elongated and non-chlorophyllose at base;
cross sections of leaves at mid-point or above show variation in cell wall
structure, cells smooth or papillose, especially in region of under side of
costa. Capsule long-calindric, on a long seta; calyptra membranous, some-
times spiny at tip, split for half its length, easily detached; operculum
beaked, about half the length of the capsule; peristome of 32 short, blunt,
incurved   teeth. Spores smooth    or nearly so, 10-14 p, maturing in
March-April.
HABITAT: On sandy soil, especially along ditch banks or other moist,
shady situations.
DISTRIBUTION: Probably occurs in all Florida counties. Very com-
mon, and conspicuous because of its relatively large size.
  Variations in presence or absence of papillae on leaf cell walls as seen
in cross sections may occur on the same plant, or even on the same leaf,
making separation of papillose forms into species A. xanthopelma (C. M.)
Jaeg. (or A. macmillani [Holz.] Frye in Grout) unwarranted. Although
several collections of A. undulatum (Hedw.) Beauv. from Florida were
examined, I could not see any clear-cut distinctions between these and
typical A. angustatum. These two species as they occur in the southeastern
states, at least, need critical study.

      Atrichum crispum (James) Sill. in Gray PLATE 121
  Mats not as extensive or as compact as those of A. angustatum. Leaves
dark green, crisped when dry, spreading when moist; oblong-lanceolate,
apex ending in a single pointed cell; costa percurrent or ending just below
the apex, bearing 1-4 low lamellae on its upper side (occasionally absent);
leaf cells round or hexagonal except for border and for elongated basal



118          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
cells; margin of hyaline elongate cells, 1-3 cells wide, 1-2 cells thick,
toothed in upper half of leaf. No fruiting plants seen in Florida.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil, in shade, along stream banks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Gadsden and Jefferson Counties. Apparently rare in
Florida.
               POGONATUM
  Plants uncrowded, front persistent and conspicuous green protonemata;
stems erect, very short, usually about .5 cm high. Lower leaves scaly;
upper leaves lanceolate from a broad sheathing base; costa filling most
of the awn of the leaf, its upper surface bearing 10-40 or more lamellae;
leaf margins 1 cell thick, 2 to 8 cells wide. Capsule cylindric, erect or
slightly inclined, borne on a long seta; calyptra covering entire capsule,
conspicuously long-hairy; operculum conic, beaked; stomata absent; peri-
stome of 32 teeth. Spores smooth, 8-24 p.
  Easily recognized in the field because of the conspicuous bright green
felt-like persistent protonemata bearing somewhat isolated fruiting plants.
Leaves broad, entire; cells of capsule walls smooth.     P. brachyphyllum
Leaves lanceolate, toothed; cells of capsule walls bulging______._P. pensilvanicuc

    Pogonatum brachyphyllum (Mx.) P. Beauv. PLATE 122
  Plants uncrowded, from velvety green, persistent protonemata; stems
short. Leaves spreading when moist, somewhat incurved when dry; base
broad, sheathing the stem; upper half gradually tapering to a smooth
rounded apex; margin entire; costa wide, percurrent, the tip region con-
sisting almost entirely of costa; upper surface of costa bearing up to 40
lamellae 5-8 cells high, the apical cells of the lamellac undifferentiated.
Dioicous; male plants somewhat smaller than female plants and growing
mixed with them. Seta 1-2 em long, reddish; capsule erect to inclined,
slightly asymmetrical, brown when mature; cells of capsule wall thick-
walled, smooth or nearly so; calyptra extending about two-thirds of the
capsule length, densely covered with long brown hairs; operculum conic,
beaked; peristome of 32 short, blunt teeth. Spores smooth, 20-24 y,
maturing in early spring.
  IIABITAT: Common on roadside banks in the shade, often growing
with Atrichum angustatum.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf,
Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Wakulla,
Walton, Washington Counties. Probably throughout the state.

     Pogonatum pensilvanicum (Hedw.) Paris PLATE 123
 Plants rather widely scattered, from thick, bright green protonemata.


118          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
cells; margin of hyaline elongate cells, 1-3 cells wide, 1-2 cells thick,
toothed in upper half of leaf. No fruiting plants seen in Florida.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil, in shade, along stream banks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Gadsden and Jefferson Counties. Apparently rare in
Florida.
               POGONATUM
  Plants uncrowded, from persistent and conspicuous green protonemata;
stems erect, very short, usually about .5 cn  high. Lower leaves scaly;
upper leaves lanceolate from a broad sheathing base; costa filling most
of the awn of the leaf, its upper surface bearing 10-40 or more lamellae;
leaf margins 1 cell thick, 2 to 8 cells wide. Capsule cylindric, erect or
slightly inclined, borne on a long seta; calyptra covering entire capsule,
conspicuously long-hairy; operculum conic, beaked; stomata absent; peri-
stome of 32 teeth. Spores smooth, 8-24 p.
  Easily recognized in the field because of the conspicuous bright green
felt-like persistent protonemata bearing somewhat isolated fruiting plants.
Leaves broad, entire; cells of capsule walls smooth -    P. brachyphyllum
Leaves lanceoate, toothed; cells of capsule walls bulging-.......___P. pensilvanicum

    Pogonatum brachyphyllum (Mx.) P. Beauv. PLATE 122
  Plants uncrowded, from velvety green, persistent protonemata; stems
short. Leaves spreading when moist, somewhat incurved when dry; base
broad, sheathing the stem; upper half gradually tapering to a smooth
rounded apex; margin entire; costa wide, percurrent, the tip region con-
sisting almost entirely of costa; upper surface of costa bearing up to 40
lamellae 5-8 cells high, the apical cells of the lamellae undifferentiated.
Dioicous; sale plants somewhat smaller than female plants and growing
mixed with them. Seta 1-2 cm long, reddish; capsule erect to inclined,
slightly asymmetrical, brown when mature; cells of capsule wall thick-
walled, smooth or nearly so; calyptra extending about two-thirds of the
capsule length, densely covered with long brown hairs; operculum conic,
beaked; peristome of 32 short, blunt teeth. Spores smooth, 20-24 y,
maturing in early spring.
  HABITAT: Common on roadside banks in the shade, often growing
with Atrichum angustatum.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf,
Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Wakulla,
Walton, Washington Counties. Probably throughout the state.

     Pogonatum pensilvanicum (Hedw.) Paris PLATE 123
 Plants rather widely scattered, from thick, bright green protonemata.


118


MOSSES OF 1FLORIDA


cells; margin of hyaline elongate cells, 1-3 cells wide, 1-2 cells thick,
toothed in upper half of leaf. No fruiting plants seen in Florida.
  HABITAT: On sandy soil, in shade, along stream banks.
  DISTRIBUTION: Gadsden and Jefferson Counties. Apparently rare in
Florida.
               POGONATUM
  Plants uncrowded, from persistent and conspicuous green protonemata;
stems erect, very short, usually about .5 cm high. Lower leaves scaly;
upper leaves lanceolate from a broad sheathing base; costa filling most
of the awn of the leaf, its upper surface bearing 10-40 or more lamellae;
leaf margins 1 cell thick, 2 to 8 cells wide. Capsule cylindric, erect or
slightly inclined, borne on a long seta; calyptra covering entire capsule,
conspicuously long-hairy; operculum conic, beaked; stomata absent; peri-
stome of 32 teeth. Spores smooth, 8-24 p.
  Easily recognized in the field because of the conspicuous bright green
felt-like persistent protonemata bearing somewhat isolated fruiting plants.


Leaves broad, entire; cells of capsule walls smooth....__
Leaves lanceolate, toothed; cells of capsule walls bulging_


..P. brachyphyllum
..P. pensilvanicum


    Pogonatum    brachyphyllum   (Mx.) P. Beauv.     PLAcE 122
  Plants uncrowded, from velvety green, persistent protonemata; stems
short. Leaves spreading when moist, somewhat incurved when dry; base
broad, sheathing the stem; upper half gradually tapering to a smooth
rounded apex; margin entire; costa wide, percurrent, the tip region con-
sisting almost entirely of costa; upper surface of costa bearing up to 40
lamellae 5-8 cells high, the apical cells of the lamellae undifferentiated.
Dioicous; male plants somewhat smaller than female plants and growing
mixed with them. Seta 1-2 cm long, reddish; capsule erect to inclined,
slightly asymmetrical, brown when mature; cells of capsule wall thick-
walled, smooth or nearly so; calyptra extending about two-thirds of the
capsule length, densely covered with long brown hairs; operculum conic,
beaked; peristome of 32 short, blunt teeth. Spores smooth, 20-24 y,
maturing in early spring.
  HABITAT: Common on roadside banks in the shade, often growing
with Atrichum angustatum.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Duval, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf,
Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Wakulla,
Walton, Washington Counties. Probably throughout the state.

     Pogonatum pensilvanicum (Hedw.) Paris PLATE 123
 Plants rather widely scattered, from thick, bright green protonemata.



POLYTRICHACEAE


119                 POLYTRICHACEAE


119


Leaves longer and narrower than those of P. brachyphyllum, with sheath-
ing leaf base more prominent; upper half of leaf very narrow, consisting
mostly of the percurrent or excurrent costa. Leaf margin above sheathing
base irregular or toothed; lamellae on upper side of costa 10-20, 3-6 cells
high, the tips frequently of 2 or more cells. Perichaetial leaves longer
and narrower than foliage leaves. Seta 1-3 cm long, red; capsule slightly
inclined, slender, cylindric; cells of capsule wall prominently bulging;
calyptra extending well below capsule, very hairy, pale yellow or white;
operculum   short-conic, curved. Spores smooth, 8-12 y, maturing in
early spring.
  HABITAT: Moist sandy soil, especially along drainage ditches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Santa Rosa
Counties.
  Apparently not as common as P. brachyphyllum.

               POLYTRICHUM
          Polytrichum commune Hedw. PLATE 124
  Plants large, reaching 25 cm in height, growing in cushions, brownish
green; protonemata not conspicuous or persistent; stems sturdy, erect,
developing from   a brown underground rhizome, whitish tomentum       on
lower parts. Lower leaves scaly, larger upper leaves erect and close to
stem  when dry, lanceolate to linear from    a colorless sheathing base;
margin of upper part bordered, coarsely toothed; costa about one-fourth
the width of leaf at the base, occupying nearly all of the limb, sometimes
toothed on the back, and bearing numerous upper lamellae 4-8 cells high,
the terminal cell notched or indented, excurrent into a long rough tip.
Dioicous, male and female plants intermingled; male inflorescences in
conspicuous rosettes or cups at tips of stems, often sprouting annually
from the center, giving a storied appearance. Capsules solitary, on long
setae, 4-6 angled, with basal stomata; hypophysis constricted at base of
capsule; cells of capsule wall bulging and bearing an elliptical central
pore; calyptra orange to light brown, hairy, covering entire capsule closely;
operculum short-beaked; peristome of 64 short, blunt, incurved teeth.
Spores about 10 y, maturing in spring.
HABITAT: In shady wet places such as seepage springs, or on sandy,
exposed soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden,
Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Polk,
Seminole, Washington Counties.
This is the largest moss occurring in Florida. Plants growing in wet
places sometimes reach a height of a foot or more. On sandy exposed
soils they are much smaller and appear stunted.


Leaves longer and narrower than those of P. brachyphyllum, with sheath-
ing leaf base more prominent; upper half of leaf very narrow, consisting
mostly of the percurrent or excurrent costa. Leaf margin above sheathing
base irregular or toothed; lamellae on upper side of costa 10-20, 3-6 cells
high, the tips frequently of 2 or more cells. Perichaetial leaves longer
and narrower than foliage leaves. Seta 1-3 cn long, red; capsule slightly
inclined, slender, cylindric; cells of capsule wall prominently bulging;
calyptra extending well below capsule, very hairy, pale yellow or white;
operculum   short-conic, curved. Spores smooth, 8-12 p, maturing in
early spring.
  HABITAT: Moist sandy soil, especially along drainage ditches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Santa Rosa
Counties.
  Apparently not as common as P. brachyphyllum.

               POLYTRICHUM
          Polytrichum commune Hedw. PLATE 124
 Plants large, reaching 25 cm in height, growing in cushions, brownish
 green; protonemata not conspicuous or persistent; stems sturdy, erect,
 developing from   a brown underground rhizome, whitish tomentum       on
lower parts. Lower leaves scaly, larger upper leaves erect and close to
stem when dry, lanceolate to linear from a colorless sheathing base;
margin of upper part bordered, coarsely toothed; costa about one-fourth
the width of leaf at the base, occupying nearly all of the limb, sometimes
toothed on the back, and bearing numerous upper lamellae 4-8 cells higl,
the terminal cell notched or indented, excurrent into a long rough tip.
Dioicous, male and female plants intermingled; male inflorescences in
conspicuous rosettes or cups at tips of stems, often sprouting annually
from the center, giving a storied appearance. Capsules solitary, on long
setae, 4-6 angled, with basal stomata; hypophysis constricted at base of
capsule; cells of capsule wall bulging and bearing an elliptical central
pore; calyptra orange to light brown, hairy, covering entire capsule closely;
operculum   short-beaked; peristome of 64 short, blunt, incurved teeth.
Spores about 10 p, maturing in spring.
HABITAT: In shady wet places such as seepage springs, or on sandy,
exposed soils.
DIsTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden,
Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Polk,
Seminole, Washington Counties.
This is the largest moss occurring in Florida. Plants growing in wet
places sometimes reach a height of a foot or more. On sandy exposed
soils they are much smaller and appear stunted.


              POLYTRICHACEAE        119
Leaves longer and narrower than those of P. brachyphyllum, with sheath-
ing leaf base more prominent; upper half of leaf very narrow, consisting
mostly of the percurrent or excurrent costa. Leaf margin above sheathing
base irregular or toothed; lamellae on upper side of costa 10-20, 3-6 cells
high, the tips frequently of 2 or more cells. Perichaetial leaves longer
and narrower than foliage leaves. Seta 1-3 cm long, red; capsule slightly
inclined, slender, cylindric; cells of capsule wall prominently bulging;
calyptra extending well below capsule, very hairy, pale yellow or white;
operculum short-conic, curved. Spores smooth, 8-12 p, maturing in
early spring.
  HABITAT: Moist sandy sOil, especially along drainage ditches.
  DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Santa Rosa
Counties.
  Apparently not as common as P. brachyphyllum.

               POLYTRICHUM
          Polytrichum commune Hedw. PLATE 124
  Plants large, reaching 25 cm in height, growing in cushions, brownish
green; protonemata not conspicuous or persistent; stems sturdy, erect,
developing from   a brown underground rhizome, whitish tomentum       on
lower parts. Lower leaves scaly, larger upper leaves erect and close to
stem  when dry, lanceolate to linear from    a colorless sheathing base;
margin of upper part bordered, coarsely toothed; costa about one-fourth
the width of leaf at the base, occupying nearly all of the limb, sometimes
toothed on the back, and bearing numerous upper lamellae 4-8 cells high,
the terminal cell notched or indented, excurrent into a long rough tip.
Dioicous, male and female plants intermingled; male inflorescences in
conspicuous rosettes or cups at tips of stems, often sprouting annually
from the center, giving a storied appearance. Capsules solitary, on long
setae, 4-6 angled, with basal stomata; hypophysis constricted at base of
capsule; cells of capsule wall bulging and bearing an elliptical central
pore; calyptra orange to light brown, hairy, covering entire capsule closely;
operculum   short-beaked; peristome of 64 short, blunt, incurved teeth.
Spores about 10 p, maturing in spring.
HAB1TAT: In shady wet places such as seepage springs, or on sandy,
exposed soils.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Dixie, Duval, Franklin, Gadsden,
Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Polk,
Seminole, Washington Counties.
This is the largest moss occurring in Florida. Plants growing in wet
places sometimes reach a height of a foot or more. On sandy exposed
soils they are much smaller and appear stunted.




120          MOSSES OF FLORIDA

             SPHAGNACEAE*


                SPHAGNUM
 Genrally lorge plants with erect stems of unliomited growth, hearing
 fascicles 0r closters of brooches of limited growstb which ore usoally siffer-
 entiated into stoolerospreading and sleonler pendent hranchbes, tho youoger
 crowded at the sommoit of the stem. Leases tote cell thick, ecostate, toose
 of the stems usnally differing mote or less in site, shape, aod struttee
 from those of the branches;tsteomscomposed ofoapreomoioance ofhyaline
 cells sin the tortes; leaves swith lorge hvalioe cells ofteo hosing pores in
 the w-alls and narrotw ring or spiral thickenings inside the stalls, and
 alternating swith slender chlorophvllose cells, forming a net-like arrange-
msent Capsule gobsose, with a small oprculom hot no peristome, wtith
stomata in rwalls. Spores smooth or miootely papillose, yellosw to browsn.

L. Corticl clls ofioemsoandhranceswithkfbilhoads (    eaolysvd eloped in
  some srreits). Bronch leaves watts o bood-tlke ores, tooth or the harts, ond
  tsorderedtbvsa resorroiontforoos
  2. Chlororhyll cells oft tsrassch lcaves entirely trcloded, or esposed aout equal-
    ly or kook leai sosrfaces, to cross section eliptic, truncately ellitittoto nearly
    rectorngolar, or more or teassltcua
    3. Chlorophyll cells0 entirely includd between the twso surfaces, is cr011
    section ellirtic to lentcolor- - - S. maeloniesro
    3. Ctlrortsvlcels esrsdaatotequllonboothoourfces, incoss sc-
    tiro runtately elliptic to salmostorectassgolar, or lenttcolar ........ .eyhoay

  2. Ctlsorhlt cellsrofhraschleassexosemoreroaly oresclosisely oo
    ttse iooer leaf surfae, in cross setion triangular riots straigta orcove
    sides, oorreoidal
    3. Chlooptsll cell s to cross section isoseles-triansgular risk straigt or
    conve sidslr, or, rarely, torpeotsal, aod usually exsosmd also on she
    onset sotrlace
    4. Insidle wolls of hyaline cells smooth where to contact wtoo chlsro-
       phyll ells oresotrheroutside instheresand corneos oftells
       distinctly lootger than those talong te slats; outer cells oftstem cotter
       mootly loooer thao wisde, with op to 10 sor soore pores...S. eolte
     4. Inside wsalls of hyalioe cells ohere to cootact riots chlororpsyll cells
       usualgy wth orntworktsfirides;osonth otsideoiform,
       round strongly ringeaanonmerousoaloogithesides; ouoteels of
       stem  tortes os wide as long, with 2-5 pores   -     S. heryenso
    3. Chlorophyll cells sin cross section equolaterol-triangular, usnolly eseooed
    olmoss exclosively on ttsrinnrsrfae;-iside woolls sot hyoline cells
    totserr to constact toith cklrorhvll cells siren mists shot traosverse os-ages
    4. Cortical cells of branches with end-malts plane..S. inirohittos
    4. Cotialcellssofhraocheswith eod-wallssoc-soronel-shared,oond
       roteoaiog into the nest tell below. . S. portorticese
L. Cotialtcellsofstms adranhs withoutfibrlhbaods.ornh leavesrnt
  hood-shared at ores, smooth on hock, more or less toothed, susallv bordered hy
  2-sesetol rows of nrrow, thick-walledl tells; resrption forests rarely tesest
  *Modified from motriaol repred byv Dr. Huo L. Blomqoist.


120         MOSSES OF FLORIDA              120


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


             SP HAGN ACE AG


                SPHAGN UGM
 Genroally large plants mith erect stems of unlinoited groswth, hearing
fascicles or closters of branches tf limited groswth ohich ore usoally differ-
entiated into stooter spreading and slender pendent branchrs, the yoorger
crowvded at the osnmmit of the stem. Leases ore cell thick, ecosoate, those
of the stems osuolly differing mote or less in site, shape, and stroctore
fromthsose of thetbrancese;stemsconspossedof a predlominance ofhyliner
tells in the tortes; leases sthb large hyalinr cello often hosing prs in
the stalls anti narrowt ring r spiral thsickenings inside the wvalls, and
alternating stith slender chlorophyllose cells, foroming a ott-like arrange-
ment. Capsule globose, stilts a stroll operculoot hot no perstome, stilts
stomata in swallo. Spores smooth or miousely papillose, yelloss to browsn.

1. Cortical cells of stems and branches with fibrilbands (weakly develoed to
  soe srpecies). Bornch leases wtoht a hood-like ares, rouogh or the bach, 0a
  bordered by aoresorrtionntuow
  2. Chlorortsyll celts ot branch leases entirely included, or exposed about equal-
    ly son both leaf sortaces, is cross section ellirtie, tessneately ellittictoI neatly
      retnuaor tors sor less lniua
    0. Chlsoophyll tells entirely ineluded bestsren the two surfaes, to cross
    section ellirtie to lenticular- - - S. moagelonicsm
    3. Chloophll ellstsxposedabout equally on hook surfaes, in twoss see-
    tiotrtately ellirtic to almost trectangolor, or lerticular.. yhoay

  2. Ctloohllels obranchlrovssexrosed morehroadlyor-exlsivelyrrn
    the trove teat surface, in cross section triongular wtoht straioht or tortvet
    sides, orreoiaal
    3. Chlroptsll cells in cross section isoseeles-trionguslar mists stoaight sor
    convex sides, or, roarely, torpeoidal, ana osually exrosed alo son the
    osster sootftoe
    4. Inside wolls ofthyaline cells smothr-heroein contact witk chloro-
       phyll cells; pres onrthe outsiderin theoeds andecorners oftells
       distnctly laroer thanothselongohesides; roter cllstfstem cotex
       mostly longer than wide, witk ur so 10 ot mote pores...S. paluooe
     4. Inside matls of hyaline cells where to contact mitts chloroprhyll cells
       osually wtoot a netwook of ridges; rores on she ostsiae onifoom,
       rounoastrsonglyringdadnmeroslongothe sies;rnterellsrof
       stem tortes as n-ide as toot, wsith 2-5 pros.-_S. herenseo
    3. Chlorophyll cells is cross section equilateral-triangular, susatly extosed
    almost exlsivly on the inner surface; inside twalls ot hyaline ells
    wtsrerincontaottwith chlorphll tells often n-ilk shortstoansverseoiags
    4. Cortiatceflls obancheswitsend-wallsrlane  -   S. imbicoosm
    4. Cortical cellsrofhrachesmwithen-wallssac- orfune-hahped,ad
       esterairg into the nest cell below - - - . portoricerst
1. Cortical els of stems andhranches witotrfibrilhans. Branch leases rot
  hood-shored at ores, smooth or hack, more or less toothedl, ususally bordered bv
  2-several ron-s oftarrow, thick-wsalled ells; rsorptiontfoworrely tpreseno
  *odifiled trom material rerrored by Dr. Huo L. Blomquist.


             S PH AGN ACE AG


                SPHAGNUM
 Generally large plants with erect stemrs ofnlimited growth,hearing
 fascicles or closters of brooches of limited groswth which are nonually differ-
 entiated into stoolter spreading and slender pendent branches, the yoorger
 crotwded at the tommir of the stemt. Leaves ore tell thick, ecostate, those
of the stenms usually differing more or less in sire, shape, and slroctore
fromt those of the brasnches; stereo compo~ssed of a predomsinance of hyaline
tells in the cortexo; leases swith large hyaline cells ofoer having pores in
the stalls and narrows ring or tpiral thickeingos inside the stalls, and
alteronating stilts slender chlorophyll ose cells, forming a net-like arrange-
ment. Capsole glohose, with a smoall opteions hot no peristoro, swiths
stomata to waolls. Spores smooth or minutely papitllose, vellows to browno.

1. Cortial celsof stemsoandbrancesswithhfibilhbands (wekly devloedlin
  somse species). Btrnch looses with a hood-like ores, soogh or she hock, aond
  bordered a rorptiontfuroo
  2. Chlororphyll cells of hranets teases entirely included, sor esposed aoutr equnal-
    or ook trotla surfaes, is cross section ellirtie, tessneately elliptic to nerly
        setnuao  oreo less lniua
    3. Chloophyll cells entirely incluaed bese-n she to surfaces, to cross
    section elliptic to lenticnlar- - - S. mertloicusm
    3. Chloroprhyllells esrosedaot equao lly on hook surfaces, in cross see-
    tiso runcately elliptic to almost rectanguolar, or lenticular .__...._
                                S. erythrocalyx
  2. Chloophllcellsobranch leavesrexposed morebroadlyrorelusivelyon
    she inner trot surfae, in errs-s section trianoular ritb straight or tortes
    sides, sor trapezoidal
    3. Chlorophyl tells to cross section isoscetles-trianoular mists stroigth or
    tortexsiades, or, rarely, toapezoidal, and usually exrosed alaso onthe
    onset sootae
    4. Insidecmlofothyalinecellstsmoosh wherincotactswith clor-
       phyllcels; porsonthesoutsiinthe rods ard corners ri celOs
       distinctly largertahohse alrogthesids; our relsf stmcortex
       mstlyvlongrthanwid, wittuprto1ormreore-...S.saute
     4. Inside rolls of hyalire cells where to csoact mith chlororhyll cells
       osually mih arnetork of ridges;, pres on the outside uniform,
       round songlyingedandotnumerous alongothe sides;soutercells of
       stem tortes aseside as toot, n-Oh 2-5 pros. -     S. herrytrot
    3. Chlorophyll cells to cross section equilateral-triangular, usually eseosed
    almost exclusisely on the inner sorface; inside wsalls of hyalioe cells
    where is contact witk chlororhyll ells often rits shoot tansverse oidors
    4. Corticacells ofbrances withend-wallsrlont    -  S. imeioooro
    4. Cootialcell obranchesmwtshend-walls sa-ortounel-shared, ad
       exterdingoinotheonextcelhblowm -   -     -S............tportotiensoe
1. Cortical cells of stems and branches without fibril bands. Branch leases roe
  hood-shared at arts, smooth son both, more or less toothed, usually bordered kg
  2-sevral roots of narrow, thick-saled celis; resorption furor rarelyprsn
  *Mosdifid from material prepared kg Dr. Huos L. Blomquost.




                               SPHAG ACEAE121

2. Cortical cells    226 brnce  unior,212ha62r3   t heupe end23 2;branch
   leaves usually deeply concav, mos~tly bordered by 2-eea 1rows of very
      nrothik-walld cel1s, the2.22 221e 2of k 6hic  has 2,   12esrpin 2uro.
                                                      S. 22tri2tum
2. Cortkclcels2of6ranchs6of212kid, some with6apore at2the2pper end;
   branc2leaesmstlylanceo2le,2       d    dy lynav,6bordd3y2-
        seea  rows of 2er  n 2ro, t6ick-walled cell; resorpt6on furrowrar13
   developed
   3. Chlorophyll ce1ls of~2 branch           122222 leve2i2ros2ec4n2oslytiaguart
      traezodal1and eposdmr       ralyo     xlsvl 2on2 the21  outer6 surfac,
      or2rctagularwith about2equal exosr     on  1thsurace
      4. Branches2in2ascices2of4-;hlorpyll1cells1f6branc1leaves1i
           crs sec2o t2iangu1ar to trapezoida1 an2 exposed 22222 broadly or
         exclusively on theouter1leaf surfac, or2rectangular2and2exposd
         about equally 622 both srface; hyali2ne211lls2sometimeswithout
         66211l bands
         5. Chlorophyll cells      222222221 in2422 cro2 setonuual tinglr 32 awy
            exposed more2broadyonth2      ote2  srfceo t2222221he21eaf; hyalie
            cells alw2ys22226 fibril b22ds
            6. Cort2calcell of2stem2   notdifferentiad, relative1y sma1l,
               with6 thick walls; branch 12a22swavy, 2222r222, mo2r2 2r
               12ss twiste2d w2hen drn      ......._..S. r22cu23um
            6. C22t1221 2211s 21 22222 differentiated, 2212222213 12242, thin-
               2wa11e2, in 1-3 12y222; branch6 122222222222ecu2222or2tw2st2d
               22622 d23
               7. Branch 122222 la2c2o12t2 22 linear-lanceo1ate; stem2 12a22s
                  smal21, triangular-l2ngulate             .          S. 22232i22222
               7. Branch6leaves2sbor-ovate2to2blong2or21lmost2rectagu-
                  122; 22222 122222 12242, hemi-isophyllous, rourdd 2223pex,
                  conav2222 ..2--.....---------------.  .S. fitzger3li22
         4. Ch1orophyll 22112 21 b22226 122222 in 22222 222ct2on 2222222213
            e1123212 22 2222224gu122 22 trapezoidal, 22p2222 26222 2322113
            22ot 622ace 22122 222222 broadly 2226222222e; hy32i22 2212s
            sometimes2 without2 f262i1 122222.
            6. Hy3l122 22112 21 622226 1222a22e2 6621 62222and; p2222,
               22622 2212222, 222221y 2122g the sides,21222222othe2wa62
                                                  S. 226.22222222
            6. H321122 22112 26 622226 1222221222 6621ou f6blbads; 32222
               large, in 122 row 262 22121 21d 262 the112, or 222211 222 in
               2 22222  .................................S. 2222223636222
      4. 62222622 n222 22 212g12; 261222p6311 22ll2 22222242122 2326 24221
         exposure 22 both sur1aces, or 222p3221d21 22d 22t6 slight1y 6222222
         exp2222e 22 the 12222 2221222; 22222 122222 i22oph11222..
                                                  S. 2321236311222
   3. Chlorophyll 2216s 21 622226 122222 in cross section211 22s224212 22anuart
      traezidl2      ndxosd2    moredbroadly2on2the2inne surface22222;6branches
      usualy1 moe2tha232i6    eac  fascicle211,2often3pnk6or2re;6hyaline2cell
      216222261222322122232266662162222band
      4. Hyaline 22112 21 622226 122222 222211 12 22222 section, 26212 222222t222
         on 262 2222222 26222 262v 2622361 22112pyl 222221 1222262 les211 hl
         26212 212222222
         5.Branch1leaves gradualy1inrolled2toward2tp; 22232222122221o
            22211222212322 122322222 3223 222211al, 23222413 ringed 32222 122
            262 231221 23222...          .       ..__________ 3 _        .. wa2322223f22222
         4. 622226 132222 26223213 12221122 26222 22 2 3212222 2322, 262
            ouersufaeit 2221222 22re6 12i2322 the 262ca 232222212.. 22eri2ense


                       SPHAGNACEAE                         121

2. Cort6cal2clls1ofbranches2unifor    ,2ith23pore2t2the2pperend;6branch
   122222 usually deep1y concav, 2222213 62222232 by 22322221l rows of 2223
   2222222, thick-waled 22112, 262 22222 21262  622c 2a 23232 1232222nfuro.  _
                                                      S. 22322222
2. Corticl2cels6of1ranchs2of222inds,2some2ith6apore 2226223322324en;
   6222261322222222stly1la2ce1222, 222222 222313 2222222, 62223222 by 2-
   2223221 rows2 21 v22y narrow, thick-walled 22112; resorption 1222222 222213
   232212322
   3. C6Iorophyll 22112 21 622226 13lea  22222222        2221222222       22s eto  otl  raglrt
      2223222222122 and3exposed2moe6broadly2or2elusively2on6te222222221223c,
      22222222242122226626222242212232222222622622212222face
      4. Branchesin1fasccles2of4-;chlorphyll1cell2of6branc1leave212
         cross sect22n triangu12r 22 22232222221 222 3232222 222326222213 2r
         exclusively 26 on  22he 21ter 122f2ur223, or2rectangu1ar2ad3exposed
         26222 3422113 22 6226 22212222; 6321122 22112 2222221223  22126222
         fibri1 62222
         5. Chlorophyll 23112 in cross section 2222113 22222g2222 222 2122232
            22322222222262222622262          tr srfae o th     leaf21232 212;6hyalin
            cells 2122ys 22226 66221l 622222
            6. Cortcal 2362s 21 22222 222 2163222nt2222, 231222213y 222211,
               2266 26126 w21l2; 622226 12223222223, 23222222, 2222322
               1242 tw22222 22622 223...........      S. 3r22ur222
            6. Co22221 2ell 21 22222 21162222ti2222, 221222213y 12243, 2612-
               walled,in 1-3 12yers;6branchleaves2not22ecrved2o22226222
               22622 223
               7. 622226 132222 1222221223 22 linear-lanceolate; 22222 122232
                  222211, triangular-lingulate .        3. 2223p222222
               7. Branch leaves2hort-ovate3toblong4or2lmost2rectag-
                  122; 22322 122222 large, hemi-isophyllous, 2222222 222322x,
                  222223e-.............................S. fitzgeraldii
         4. Chlorophyll 2342s 21 622226 12222222222222222221222222213tel
            e11ip212 22 22222242122 22 22232222221, 2232222 26222 2422113
            22 6226 22212232 222222262222132226322232te; 632622e cell
            2222222232266222662162222and.
            6. Hyal6ne 2212s 21 622226 122222 2266 6621i 62226; 3222s,
               2622 2212222, 2222t13 al12242632id2, 21223 22 262 wa262
                                                  S. 22622222222
            6. 6326ine 2212s 21222        122222 26622621622 wihutfb    222ad;oe
               1arge, in 12 row 262 th2222 midd3 2311eell, or small and2in
               2  ro s-222 -. .--- .---- .               ..---- 3--      ----------      . 2223333636222
      4. Branch62222ne3o22s2413; 2612223634 22112 rectangu122 2w226 23221
         exp322222   bot surfaces223,22321212 or rapz 2dalandwih 3sighlybrode
             exosr   262 the 2 inne 2suf2c; 2s3em le2232 6236362llou .
                                                  S. 2321236311222
   3. Chlorophyll 22112 21 622226 122222122222os22222222222113ly2212242122r22
      22233221221 an2 expo222 22223 6222213 22 262 inne2 2221223; br222622
      222263222222622        ineac   fascicle2121,often pink6or2re;6hyaline2cell
      of226122     2223226   662162222 ih ibilbad
      4. 6Hyaline ce112 22 622226 1222222211 sma2222222222etio, their2curvature
         22 262 22,222 2122 26223 263 26122236311 23112 2222213 1222 2622 6211
         2622r 2222222r
         5.6Bra2c61222es24ra22aly13n2o2622to2ard263; 22232222122221o
            we-developed3 13222222 wi23 222211al, 22222413 212422 32222 12
            263 231222 22622 . . ....... .. .3S. ... 222222342222fanu
         4. Branch 122222 2622323y 12221l32 2622222123          2332oiteae, 262
            outer surface12   12223322    12263r pors i 2th 1aica 4122..3. meridense


                      SPH2AGNACE22E                                               121

2. Cort6cal2cels1of2branhes2unifor,2wih66      preatth2      upe end23332;6branch
   leaves 2us22113 deep13 concave, mo2st13 bordered by 2-several rows of very
   222222, thick-walled 22122, 263 22te2 of126ic66222222223rp22on123222-..
                                                      S. 2223222m
2. Cortical2cells2of branch2s1of            2d,2222632                     2226223322322ttheuperen;
   622226 122222 2222213 1222221222, 2212222 deeply22on22ve, bordered by 2-
   severa1 22322 21 22232222223, th12k-2wa1122 22112; 2222232222 1222223222213
   developed
   3. Chlorophyll 22112 21 622226 leaves in cross sect22n 2222213222222212222
      t2apezoidl2and2exosed2 mor2 broadlyor2excluively2onthe2oute 22222222 ,,
      22232222421222326262222422122322223226226 22212232face
      4. Branches2in2ascicles2of4-5;2chlorophyllcells2of6brach1leaves1i
         cross section t22224212r 22 22232222222 222 2232222 22223 broad13 or
         exclusiely3on2the2ouer1leaf2surfac, or2rectangu1ar2and2expose
         26222 2422113 22 6226 22212322; 6321123 22112 2222222222 without
         66211l 62222
         3. Chlorophyll 221121222222222222222221132222242122ular222d212232
            exp2232 22222 6222213 22 262 22te2 2221223 21 262 1226; 632622e
            226262232266662162222 band
            6. Cortcal 22112 21 22222 n22 2162232212222d, 2212212213 222211,
               2426 26126 22123; 622226 13222222223, 23222232, 22222 or
               1ess 2232222 2622 223_. _........-......     . 32223222vu
            6. Cort6cal2cels2of2stem2ifferet2at,    relatveylag,thi-
               walled, 12 1-3 12322s; 622226 1eaves n22222e2ur22d22222122221
               2622 223
               7. Branch61eaves1anc2olate2to6lnear-lanceolat;stem21eaves
                  222211, 22iangular-62ngulat..                4 . 22232222222
               7.6Branch1leaves2s2or-ovate26       2     222122222222222422ecangu
                  1ar; 22tem 132222 12242, hemi-isophyllous, 2223232 22 apex,
                  cocae222222.   .     ..-------------- ....- .-- S. fitzgerIlii
         5. Ch612223636  22ll2 21 622226 12222212222222322222222222ncat13
            21113212 22 22222242122 2222232222221l, 3232222 262222422113y
            22 6226 22212232 o2 22222 6222213 o2 262 22222; 6321122 22112
            sometimes2 without fibr1 bands.
            6. 6Hyaline 22112 21 622226 122222 226h 6621i 62222; 32222,
               26222222322, 222223 212222622222de, 22222 22 262 22112
                                                  S.22622222,622
            6. 632622e 22ll2 21 622226 1222222622 6621ou 622r2l 32222ore
               large,in 12row2in2the2midle3of1the2cell,2or2smal6and1i
               2 ro2s2......--.---------.............S. macrophyllum2
      4. 6222262s n223 22 212212; 26122236311 232122322224212222226h 34221
         22322222 22 b226 22212222, o2 t2232zo2221 and 266h slightly 6222222
         22322223 22 262 in232 22212c3; st222 122232 623636222...
                                                  S. 2c22clohllu
   3. ChlorophylI 23112 of2 622226 122v22 12 cross22222222222u113y2212242122r22
      trapezida221d222      osed32  re2 boadly262  th221 ne  surface222 2;6branches
      usually 22223 2622 3 12 each 12221212, often 3126 or 222; 632622e 22ll2
      216222261322ves2a122322ith6662162222d
      4. 6321132311 2ll      6222  132322221 leaves smal 322222 eco, thei12222v2222e
         22 the 2223222 26222 262v the2361 22112pyl 222221 1322262 6211ha hl
         2622r 212222422
         5.6Branch1leavesgradually1inroled toward ti; 22222222122221o
            wel1-deve1oped 12222222 2223 very211l, 22222413 212422 3222222n
            263 23i222 22eg22..          .        .        .      . 2232st23422222
         5. Brnc     122232 26223223 12221132 26223 22 2 3212222 2322, 262
            outer surface26 12222322 12ge 262e in3th2apicl4122..3,. meridense



122          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
     4. Hyaine cells of branch leaves large in cross section, their curvature
       on the outer side above the chlorophyll cells mostly more than half
       their diameter, strongly convex on inner side also
       5. Margin of branch leaves not toothed, without a resorption fur-
         row; chlorophyll cells narrowly exposed on inner surface..
                                 S. tenerum
       5. Margin of branch leaves strongly toothed, especially above, often
         with a resorption furrow; chlorophyll cells broadly exposed on
         inner surface..........................................-__-................S. tabulare

         Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. PLATE 125
  Plants usually somewhat robust, light green to variously tinged with
pink, brown, or purplish. Cortical cells of the stem 3-4 layers, the outer
often with weakly developed fibrils, and 1-2 pores per cell. Stem leaves
large, mostly lingulate, with a toothed border, fibrils and pores only in
apical region, if at all. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, 2 stronger and spread-
ing, short, the cortical cells having a large pore at the upper end, weakly
fibrillose. Branch leaves broadly ovate; hyaline cells with rather weak
fibril bands, on the outer side of the leaf with numerous moderately large,
elliptic pores in the cell angles and along the sides, on the inner side with
few or no pores except in the side regions; chlorophyll cells elliptic or
lenticular in cross section, completely included between the adjacent hya-
line cells. Fruiting branches often elongate. Capsules dark brown; spores
minutely papillose.
  DISTRIBUTION: Labrador to Alabama and Florida; Bermuda; Alaska
to California and northern border states.
  Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades,
Highlands, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Osceola, Polk, Put-
nam, Seminole, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  Fairly frequent in the middle peninsular part of the state, more common
in the panhandle.

          Sphagnum erythrocalyx Hampe PLATE 125
  Plants short and more or less compact where growing in dry sandy soil,
tinged with brown to purplish, especially above, but robust and deep green
to pale where growing in water. Stems mostly dark purplish-red; cortical
cells in 3-4 layers, the outer with few weakly developed fibrils and usually
I pore at the upper end. Stem leaves variable in size on the same plant,
broadly lingulate to spatulate, toothed on the margin; hyaline cells often
divided more than once, forming 2-4 compartments in each cell, fibril-
lose only in hemi-isophyllous forms. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, generally
rather short, 2 spreading; cortical cells usually weakly fibrillose with 1
pore at the upper end. Branch leaves slightly spreading, ovate, deeply con-
cave, with a broad apex; hyaline cells closely and strongly fibrillose, with


122          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
     4. Hyaline cells of branch leaves large in cross section, their curvature
       on the outer side above the chlorophyll cells mostly more than half
       their diameter, strongly convex on inner side also
       5. Margin of branch leaves not toothed, without a resorption fur-
         row; chlorophyll cells narrowly exposed on inner surface__.__....__.
                                 S.tenerumt
       5. Margin of branch leaves strongly toothed, especially above, often
         with a resorption furrow; chlorophyll cells broadly exposed on
         inner  surface....-- ....... . . ..................._.---. .---____S. tabulare

         Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. PLATE 125
  Plants usually somewhat robust, light green to variously tinged with
pink, brown, or purplish. Cortical cells of the stem 3-4 layers, the outer
often with weakly developed fibrils, and 1-2 pores per cell. Stem leaves
large, mostly lingulate, with a toothed border, fibrils and pores only in
apical region, if at all. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, 2 stronger and spread-
ing, short, the cortical cells having a large pore at the upper end, weakly
fibrillose. Branch leaves broadly ovate; hyaline cells with rather weak
fibril bands, on the outer side of the leaf with numerous moderately large,
elliptic pores in the cell angles and along the sides, on the inner side with
few or no pores except in the side regions; chlorophyll cells elliptic or
lenticular in cross section, completely included between the adjacent hya-
line cells. Fruiting branches often elongate. Capsules dark brown; spores
minutely papillose.
  DISTRIBUTION: Labrador to Alabama and Florida; Bermuda; Alaska
to California and northern border states.
  Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades,
Highlands, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Osceola, Polk, Put-
nam, Seminole, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.
  Fairly frequent in the middle peninsular part of the state, more common
in the panhandle.

          Sphagnum erythrocalyx Hampe PLATE 125
  Plants short and more or less compact where growing in dry sandy soil,
tinged with brown to purplish, especially above, but robust and deep green
to pale where growing in water. Stems mostly dark purplish-red; cortical
cells in 3-4 layers, the outer with few weakly developed fibrils and usually
I pore at the upper end. Stem leaves variable in size on the same plant,
broadly lingulate to spatulate, toothed on the margin; hyaline cells often
divided more than once, forming 2-4 compartments in each cell, fibril-
lose only in hemi-isophyllous forms. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, generally
rather short, 2 spreading; cortical cells usually weakly fibrillose with 1
pore at the upper end. Branch leaves slightly spreading, ovate, deeply con-
cave, with a broad apex; hyaline cells closely and strongly fibrillose, with


122


MOSSES OF FLORInA


     4. Hyaline cells of branch leaves large in cross section, their curvature
       on the outer side above the chlorophyll cells mostly more than half
       their diameter, strongly convex on inner side also
       5. Margin of branch leaves not toothed, without a resorption fur-
         row; chlorophyll cells narrowly exposed on inner surface............
                                 S. tencram
       5. Margin of branch leaves strongly toothed, especially above, often
         with a resorption furrow; chlorophyll cells broadly exposed on
         inner surface.. ...... ..- ................5. tabulare

         Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. PLATE 125
  Plants usually somewhat robust, light green to variously tinged with
pink, brown, or purplish. Cortical cells of the stem 3-4 layers, the outer
often with weakly developed fibrils, and 1-2 pores per cell. Stem leaves
large, mostly lingulate, with a toothed border, fibrils and pores only in
apical region, if at all. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, 2 stronger and spread-
ing, short, the cortical cells having a large pore at the upper end, weakly
fibrillose. Branch leaves broadly ovate; hyaline cells with rather weak
fibril bands, on the outer side of the leaf with numerous moderately large,
elliptic pores in the cell angles and along the sides, on the inner side with
few or no pores except in the side regions; chlorophyll cells elliptic or
lenticular in cross section, completely included between the adjacent hya-
line cells. Fruiting branches often elongate. Capsules dark brown; spores
minutely papillose.
DIsTRIBUTION: Labrador to Alabama and Florida; Bermuda; Alaska
to California and northern border states.
  Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades,
Highlands, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Marion, Okaloosa, Osceola, Polk, Put-
nam, Seminole, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton Counties.
Fairly frequent in the middle peninsular part of the state, more common
in the panhandle.

          Sphagnum erythrocalyx Hampe PLATE 125
 Plants short and more or less compact where growing in dry sandy soil,
 tinged with brown to purplish, especially above, but robust and deep green
 to pale where growing in water. Stems mostly dark purplish-red; cortical
 cells in 3-4 layers, the outer with few weakly developed fibrils and usually
 I pore at the upper end. Stem leaves variable in size on the same plant,
broadly lingulate to spatulate, toothed on the margin; hyaline cells often
divided more than once, forming 2-4 compartments in each cell, fibril-
lose only in hemi-isophyllous forms. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, generally
rather short, 2 spreading; cortical cells usually weakly fibrillose with 1
pore at the upper end. Branch leaves slightly spreading, ovate, deeply con-
cave, with a broad apex; hyaline cells closely and strongly fibrillose, with



SPHAGNACEAE           123                  SPHAGNACEAE           123                  SPHAGNACEAE           123


a few small, distinctly ringed pores in the ends and corners, often 3
together, with few or none along the sides; chlorophyll cells rectangular
to truncately elliptic in cross section, exposed about equally on both sides
of the leaf or slightly more on the inner side, the lumen usually broadly
lenticular; convex on both sides. Dioicous; perichaetial leaves large, long-
lingulate. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow, smooth.
  DISTRIBUTION: New Jersey southward in the coastal plain to Florida
and Louisiana; throughout the West Indies; British Honduras; South
America.
  Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia,
Franklin, Hamilton, Hardee, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange,
Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla,
Walton Counties.
Frequent and widely distributed in the state except south of Lake
Okeechobece.


a few small, distinctly ringed pores in the ends and corners, often 3
together, with few or none along the sides; chlorophyll cells rectangular
to truncately elliptic in cross section, exposed about equally on both sides
of the leaf or slightly more on the inner side, the lumen usually broadly
lenticular; conyex on both sides. Dioicous; perichaetial leaves large, long-
ingulate. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow, smooth.
  DtsTRIBUTtON: New Jersey southward in the coastal plain to Florida
and Louisiana; throughout the West Indies; British Honduras; South
America.
  Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia,
Franklin, Hamilton, Hardee, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange,
Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla,
Walton Counties.
Frequent and widely distributed in the state except south of Lake
Okeechobee.


a few small, distinctly ringed pores in the ends and corners, often 3
together, with few or none along the sides; chlorophyll cells rectangular
to truncately elliptic in cross section, exposed about equally on both sides
of the leaf or slightly more on the inner side, the lumen usually broadly
lenticular; convex on both sides. Dioicous; perichaetial leaves large, long-
lingulate. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow, smooth.
  DISTRIBUTION: New Jersey southward in the coastal plain to Florida
and Louisiana; throughout the West Indies; British Honduras; South
America.
  Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Citrus, Columbia, Duval, Escambia,
Franklin, Hamilton, Hardee, Highlands, Jackson, Jefferson, Lake, Lee,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, Orange,
Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla,
Walton Counties.
  Frequent and widely distributed in the state except south of Lake
Okeechobee.


Sphagnum palustre L.


PLATE 126


Sphagnum palustre L.


PLATE 126


Sphagnum palustre L.


PLATE 126


  Plants usually robust, growing in cushions or loose tufts, usually light
green, occasionally tinged with brown. Stems in shades of brown; cortical
cells large, thin-walled, in 3-4 layers, with strong fibril bands and 4-8
round pores. Stem leaves large, oblong-lingulate to somewhat spatulate,
margin toothed; hyaline cells long and narrow at base, becoming shorter
and broader upward to diamond-shaped at apex, not divided, on the outer
surface the walls mostly resorbed into large gaps, frequently fibrillose at
the apex. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, strongly differentiated into 2
spreading, the pendent slender and closely appressed to the stem; branch
cortical cells strongly fibrillose, frequently with a large pore at the upper
end. Branch leaves broadly ovate, deeply concave, margin toothed, leaves
overlapping, spreading, or sometimes squarrose; hyaline cells irregularly
rhomboidal, long and narrow at base and near margin, broader and
shorter upward, on the outer side of the leaf with large elliptic pores along
the sides, on the inner side of the leaf with several rounder pores mostly
in the ends and corners and occasionally in the middle of the cells near
the margin; chlorophyll cells narrowly to broadly isosceles-triangular in
cross section, with straight or convex walls, or trapezoidal, with broader
exposure on the inner surface of the leaf. Dioicous; perigonial leaves
similar to the other leaves except more pigmented; perichaetial leaves
large, elongate-ovate. Capsules brown, spores yellow, about 27 p in
diameter, minutely papillose.
DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland to Florida and Texas; California to
Alaska; also in Europe and Asia.


  Plants usually robust, growing in cushions or loose tufts, usually light
green, occasionally tinged with brown. Stems in shades of brown; cortical
cells large, thin-walled, in 3-4 laters, with strong fibril bands and 4-8
round pores. Stem leaves large, oblong-lingulate to somewhat spatulate,
margin toothed; hyaline cells long and narrow at base, becoming shorter
and broader upward to diamond-shaped at apex, not divided, on the outer
surface the walls mostly resorbed into large gaps, frequently fibrillose at
the apex. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, strongly differentiated into 2
spreading, the pendent slender and closely appressed to the stem; branch
cortical cells strongly fibrillose, frequently with a large pore at the upper
end. Branch leaves broadly ovate, deeply concave, margin toothed, leaves
overlapping, spreading, or sometimes squarrose; hyaline cells irregularly
rhomboidal, long and narrow at base and near margin, broader and
shorter upward, on the outer side of the leaf with large elliptic pores along
the sides, on the inner side of the leaf with several rounder pores mostly
in the ends and corners and occasionally in the middle of the cells near
the margin; chlorophyll cells narrowly to broadly isosceles-triangular in
cross section, with straight or convex walls, or trapezoidal, with broader
exposure on the inner surface of the leaf. Dioicous; perigonial leaves
similar to the other leaves except more pigmented; perichaetial leaves
large, elongate-ovate. Capsules brown, spores yellow, about 27 p in
diameter, minutely papillose.
DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland to Florida and Texas; California to
Alaska; also in Europe and Asia.


  Plants usually robust, growing in cushions or loose tufts, usually light
green, occasionally tinged with brown. Stems in shades of brown; cortical
cells large, thin-walled, in 3-4 layers, with strong fibril bands and 4-8
round pores. Stem leaves large, oblong-lingulate to somewhat spatulate,
margin toothed; hyaline cells long and narrow at base, becoming shorter
and broader upward to diamond-shaped at apex, not divided, on the outer
surface the walls mostly resorbed into large gaps, frequently fibrillose at
the apex. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, strongly differentiated into 2
spreading, the pendent slender and closely appressed to the stem; branch
cortical cells strongly fibrillose, frequently with a large pore at the upper
end. Branch leaves broadly ovate, deeply concave, margin toothed, leaves
overlapping, spreading, or sometimes squarrose; hyaline cells irregularly
rhomboidal, long and narrow at base and near margin, broader and
shorter upward, on the outer side of the leaf with large elliptic pores along
the sides, on the inner side of the leaf with several rounder pores mostly
in the ends and corners and occasionally in the middle of the cells near
the margin; chlorophyll cells narrowly to broadly isosceles-triangular in
cross section, with straight or convex walls, or trapezoidal, with broader
exposure on the inner surface of the leaf. Dioicous; perigonial leaves
similar to the other leaves except more pigmented; perichaetial leaves
large, elongate-ovate. Capsules brown, spores yellow, about 27 p in
diameter, minutely papillose.
DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland to Florida and Texas; California to
Alaska; also in Europe and Asia.



124          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Hardee, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Mana-
tee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Santa Rosa, Walton Counties.
Not common.

          Sphagnum henryense Warnst. PLATE 127
 Plants superficially very similar to S. palustre, usually robust, growing
 in loose cushions, light green to whitish, rarely tinged with brown. Stem
 brown; cortical cells in 3 layers, about as broad as long in the outer layer,
 strongly or somewhat weakly fibrillose, with 2-6 (mostly 4) round pores.
 Stem leaves very large, lingulate to spatulate; hyaline cells not divided,
 often fibrillose in the apical region, walls on the outer side more or less
 resorbed into large gaps. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, 2 or 3 spreading,
 the pendent branches closely appressed to the stem; cortical cells strongly
 fibrillose, with a large pore at the upper end and sometimes 1 below.
 Branch leaves broadly ovate, deeply concave, usually more or less spread-
ing, the margin toothed; hyaline cells broadly irregularly rhomboidal,
4:1, strongly fibrillose, on the outer side with numerous (mostly 1 be-
tween each pair of fibrils) round, strongly ringed pores mostly along the
sides, on the inner side with few somewhat smaller ringed pores; the
inside of the walls where in contact with the chlorophyll cells densely cov-
ered with short, longitudinal ridges varying considerably in distinctness;
chlorophyll cells in cross section usually narrowly isosceles-triangular with
straight sides, the base exposed on the inner side of the leaf, the apex
barely reaching the outer surface; hyaline cells more convex on the outer
side than on the inner side of the leaf. Dioicous; perigonial and perichae-
tial leaves similar to those of S. palustre.
  DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, southward in the coastal plain to Flori-
da, west to Louisiana; also in Cuba.
  Florida: Alachua, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee, Highlands, Leon, Lib-
erty, Nassau, Polk, Walton Counties.
  Rather infrequent north from Lake Okeechobee into panhandle.

      Sphagnum imbricatum (Hornsch.) Russ. PLATE 127
  Plants short and compact to long and robust, or, rarely, slender and
with short branches, light green or tinged with brown. Stems brown;
cortical cells in 3-4 layers, strongly fibrillose, the outer irregularly quadri-
lateral, mostly longer than broad, with 4-10 pores. Stem leaves moderately
large, lingulate to somewhat spatulate, with a conspicuous net-like border;
hyaline cells sometimes divided, without fibrils, the walls usually resorbed
into large gaps on the outer side; fibrils and pores absent on the inner
side. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, usually 2 spreading; cortical cells
strongly fibrillose, the outside wall with a large pore at the upper end


124


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Hardee, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Mana-
tee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Santa Rosa, Walton Counties.
Not common.

          Sphagnum henryense Warnst. PLATE 127
 Plants superficially very similar to S. palustre, usually robust, growing
 in loose cushions, light green to whitish, rarely tinged with brown. Stem
 brown; cortical cells in 3 layers, about as broad as long in the outer layer,
 strongly or somewhat weakly fibrillose, with 2-6 (mostly 4) round pores.
 Stem leaves very large, lingulate to spatulate; hyaline cells not divided,
 often fibrillose in the apical region, walls on the outer side more or less
resorbed into large gaps. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, 2 or 3 spreading,
the pendent branches closely appressed to the stem; cortical cells strongly
fibrillose, with a large pore at the upper end and sometimes t below.
Branch leaves broadly ovate, deeply concave, usually more or less spread-
ing, the margin toothed; hyaline cells broadly irregularly rhomboidal,
4:1, strongly fibrillose, on the outer side with numerous (mostly 1 be-
tween each pair of fibrils) round, strongly ringed pores mostly along the
sides, on the inner side with few somewhat smaller ringed pores; the
inside of the walls where in contact with the chlorophyll cells densely cov-
ered with short, longitudinal ridges varying considerably in distinctness;
chlorophyll cells in cross section usually narrowly isosceles-triangular with
straight sides, the base exposed on the inner side of the leaf, the apex
barely reaching the outer surface; hyaline cells more convex on the outer
side than on the inner side of the leaf. Dioicous; perigonial and perichae-
tial leaves similar to those of S. palustre.
  DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, southward in the coastal plain to Flori-
da, west to Louisiana; also in Cuba.
  Florida: Alachua, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee, Highlands, Leon, Lib-
erty, Nassau, Polk, Walton Counties.
Rather infrequent north from Lake Okeechobee into panhandle.

      Sphagnum imbricatum (Hornsch.) Russ. PLATE 127
  Plants short and compact to long and robust, or, rarely, slender and
with short branches, light green or tinged with brown. Stems brown;
cortical cells in 3-4 layers, strongly fibrillose, the outer irregularly quadri-
lateral, mostly longer than broad, with 4-10 pores. Stem leaves moderately
large, lingulate to somewhat spatulate, with a conspicuous net-like border;
hyaline cells sometimes divided, without fibrils, the walls usually resorbed
into large gaps on the outer side; fibrils and pores absent on the inner
side. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, usually 2 spreading; cortical cells
strongly fibrillose, the outside wall with a large pore at the upper end


124          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Hardee, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Mana-
tee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Santa Rosa, Walton Counties.
Not common.

          Sphagnum henryense Warnst. PLATE 127
 Plants superficially very similar to S. palustre, usually robust, growing
 in loose cushions, light green to whitish, rarely tinged with brown. Stem
 brown; cortical cells in 3 layers, about as broad as long in the outer layer,
 strongly or somewhat weakly fibrillose, with 2-6 (mostly 4) round pores.
 Stem leaves very large, lingulate to spatulate; hyaline cells not divided,
 often fibrillose in the apical region, walls on the outer side more or less
 resorbed into large gaps. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, 2 or 3 spreading,
 the pendent branches closely appressed to the stem; cortical cells strongly
 fibrillose, with a large pore at the upper end and sometimes 1 below.
 Branch leaves broadly ovate, deeply concave, usually more or less spread-
ing, the margin toothed; hyaline cells broadly irregularly rhomboidal,
4:1, strongly fibrillose, on the outer side with numerous (mostly 1 be-
tween each pair of fibrils) round, strongly ringed pores mostly along the
sides, on the inner side with few somewhat smaller ringed pores; the
inside of the walls where in contact with the chlorophyll cells densely cov-
ered with short, longitudinal ridges varying considerably in distinctness;
chlorophyll cells in cross section usually narrowly isosceles-triangular with
straight sides, the base exposed on the inner side of the leaf, the apex
barely reaching the outer surface; hyaline cells more convex on the outer
side than on the inner side of the leaf. Dioicous; perigonial and perichae-
tial leaves similar to those of S. palustre.
  DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, southward in the coastal plain to Flori-
da, west to Louisiana; also in Cuba.
  Florida: Alachua, Escambia, Gadsden, Hardee, Highlands, Leon, Lib-
erty, Nassau, Polk, Walton Counties.
  Rather infrequent north from Lake Okeechobee into panhandle.

      Sphagnum imbricatum (Hornsch.) Russ. PLATE 127
  Plants short and compact to long and robust, or, rarely, slender and
with short branches, light green or tinged with brown. Stems brown;
cortical cells in 3-4 layers, strongly fibrillose, the outer irregularly quadri-
lateral, mostly longer than broad, with 4-10 pores. Stem leaves moderately
large, lingulate to somewhat spatulate, with a conspicuous net-like border;
hyaline cells sometimes divided, without fibrils, the walls usually resorbed
into large gaps on the outer side; fibrils and pores absent on the inner
side. Branches in fascicles of 4-5, usually 2 spreading; cortical cells
strongly fibrillose, the outside wall with a large pore at the upper end



SPHAGNACEAE


125


and, rarely, one below. Branch leaves ovate, often closely overlapping at
the base of the branch, larger and more spreading upward, sometimes
squarrose; hyaline cells irregularly rhomboidal, 4-6: 1, on the outer side
with several elliptic pores along the sides except at the apex where these
are replaced by resorption gaps, on the inner side with few ringed pores
in the cell corners in the apical region; the inside of the walls in contact
with the chlorophyll cells sometimes with transverse ridges; chlorophyll
cells in cross section equilateral-triangular, with straight or convex walls,
broadly exposed on the inner surface of the leaf. Dioicous, perigonial
leaves not differentiated; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, with a promi-
nent hyaline, net-like border. Capsules globose, brown; spores yellow and
smooth.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Duval, Escambia,
Gadsden, Hamilton, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Oka-
loosa, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.
  Rather infrequent in the upper peninsular region; more frequent in
the panhandle.

          Sphagnum portoricense Hampe PLATE 127
  Plants robust, sometimes very long, light green or yellowish. Stems
brown; cortical cells in 3-4 lasers, irregularly quadrilateral, usually longer
than broad, strongly fibrillose, each with 1-4 irregularly rounded pores.
Stem leaves moderately large, lingulate, with a net-like border; hyaline
cells occasionally divided, on the outer side of the leaf the walls almost
completely resorbed into large gaps, on the inner side often with traces
of fibrils and pores, especially in apical region. Branches in fascicles of
4-5, 2 spreading, the pendent branches closely appressed to the stem;
cortical cells in a single layer, increasing greatly in size from the base
upward, without pores except a few large ones in the short cells at the
leaf insertion, end-salls sac-like or funnel-form, each extending into the
one below. Branch leaves variable in size and shape; hyaline cells broadly
irregularly rhomboidal, relatively short, on the outer side with many
elliptic pores along the sides, on the inner side with numerous smaller
pores at the ends and corners, becoming larger in the side regions; on
inside of walls where hyaline cells are in contact with the chlorophyll
cells with short, transverse or fan-shaped ridges, especially in basal portion
of leaves; chlorophyll cells in cross section equilateral-triangular, broadly
exposed on the inner side, slightly or not at all exposed on the outer or
upper side; hyaline cells strongly convex on the outer side, slightly convex
on the inner. Apparently rarely fruiting. Perichaetial leaves elongate-
ovate, strongly inrolled, usually grooved above and often with a small
rent at apex, bordered.


               SPHAGNACEAE          125
and, rarely, one below. Branch leaves ovate, often closely overlapping at
the base of the branch, larger and more spreading upward, sometimes
squarrose; hyaline cells irregularly rhomboidal, 4-6: 1, on the outer side
with several elliptic pores along the sides except at the apex where these
are replaced by resorption gaps, on the inner side with few ringed pores
in the cell corners in the apical region; the inside of the walls in contact
with the chlorophyll cells sometimes with transverse ridges; chlorophyll
cells in cross section equilateral-triangular, with straight or convex walls,
broadly exposed on the inner surface of the leaf. Dioicous, perigonial
leaves not differentiated; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, with a promi-
nent hyaline, net-like border. Capsules globose, brown; spores yellow and
smooth.
DIsTRIUTroN: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Duval, Escambia,
Gadsden, Hamilton, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Oka-
loosa, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.
Bather infrequent in the upper peninsular region; more frequent in
the panhandle.

          Sphagnum portoricense Hampe PLATE 127
  Plants robust, sometimes very long, light green or yellowish. Stems
brown; cortical cells in 3-4 layers, irregularly quadrilateral, usually longer
than broad, strongly fibrillose, each with 1-4 irregularly rounded pores.
Stem leaves moderately large, lingulate, with a net-like border; hyaline
cells occasionally divided, on the outer side of the leaf the walls almost
completely resorbed into large gaps, on the inner side often with traces
of fibrils and pores, especially in apical region. Branches in fascicles of
4-5, 2 spreading, the pendent branches closely appressed to the stem;
cortical cells in a single layer, increasing greatly in size from the base
upward, without pores except a few large ones in the short cells at the
leaf insertion, end-walls sac-like or funnel-form, each extending into the
one below. Branch leaves variable in size and shape; hyaline cells broadly
irregularly rhomboidal, relatively short, on the outer side with many
elliptic pores along the sides, on the inner side with numerous smaller
pores at the ends and corners, becoming larger in the side regions; on
inside of walls where hyaline cells are in contact with the chlorophyll
cells with short, transverse or fan-shaped ridges, especially in basal portion
of leaves; chlorophyll cells in cross section equilateral-triangular, broadly
exposed on the inner side, slightly or not at all exposed on the outer or
upper side; hyaline cells strongly convex on the outer side, slightly convex
on the inner. Apparently rarely fruiting. Perichaetial leaves elongate-
ovate, strongly inrolled, usually grooved above and often with a small
rent at apex, bordered.


               SPHAGNACEAE          125

and, rarely, one below. Branch leaves ovate, often closely overlapping at
the base of the branch, larger and more spreading upward, sometimes
squarrose; hyaline cells irregularly rhomboidal, 4-6:1, on the outer side
with several elliptic pores along the sides except at the apex where these
are replaced by resorption gaps, on the inner side with few ringed pores
in the cell corners in the apical region; the inside of the walls in contact
with the chlorophyll cells sometimes with transverse ridges; chlorophyll
cells in cross section equilateral-triangular, with straight or convex walls,
broadly exposed on the inner surface of the leaf. Dioicous, perigonial
leaves not differentiated; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, with a promi-
nent hyaline, net-like border. Capsules globose, brown; spores yellow and
smooth.
DISTRIBUTION: Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Duval, Escambia,
Gadsden, Hamilton, Holmes, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Manatee, Oka-
loosa, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.
  Rather infrequent in the upper peninsular region; more frequent in
the panhandle.

          Sphagnum portoricense Hampe PLATE 127
  Plants robust, sometimes very long, light green or yellowish. Stems
brown; cortical cells in 3-4 layers, irregularly quadrilateral, usually longer
than broad, strongly fibrillose, each with 1-4 irregularly rounded pores.
Stem leaves moderately large, lingulate, with a net-like border; hyaline
cells occasionally divided, on the outer side of the leaf the walls almost
completely resorbed into large gaps, on the inner side often with traces
of fibrils and pores, especially in apical region. Branches in fascicles of
4-5, 2 spreading, the pendent branches closely appressed to the stem;
cortical cells in a single laser, increasing greatly in size from the base
upward, without pores except a few large ones in the short cells at the
leaf insertion, end-walls sac-like or funnel-form, each extending into the
one below. Branch leaves variable in size and shape; hyaline cells broadly
irregularly rhomboidal, relatively short, on the outer side with many
elliptic pores along the sides, on the inner side with numerous smaller
pores at the ends and corners, becoming larger in the side regions; on
inside of walls where hyaline cells are in contact with the chlorophyll
cells with short, transverse or fan-shaped ridges, especially in basal portion
of leaves; chlorophyll cells in cross section equilateral-triangular, broadly
exposed on the inner side, slightly or not at all exposed on the outer or
upper side; hyaline cells strongly convex on the outer side, slightly convex
on the inner. Apparently rarely fruiting. Perichaetial leaves elongate-
ovate, strongly inrolled, usually grooved above and often with a small
rent at apex, bordered.



126          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  DISTRIBUTION: Long Island southward, mostly near the coast, to
Florida and Louisiana; Puerto Rico; Mexico; Guadeloupe; northern South
America.
  Florida:   Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Hardee, Holmes, Leon, Liberty,
Manatee, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Santa Rosa, Walton Counties.
  Infrequent in the middle peninsular region, fairly frequent in the pan-
handle.

            Sphagnum strictum Sull. PLATE 128
  Plants short and compact, growing in low cushions, rarely tall and
somewhat robust, light green to yellowish. Stems yellow-green; cortical
cells in 1-3 layers, without pores. Stem leaves small, triangular to lingu-
late-triangular; hyaline cells not divided, usually without fibrils. Branches
in closely spaced fascicles of 5, 2 spreading; cortical cells in 1 layer,
uniform, each with a slightly elevated pore at the upper end. Branch
leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply concave, usually squarrose, strongly in-
rolled to a truncate, toothed apex; hyaline cells elongate-rhomboidal,
about 6:1, on the outer surface with numerous strongly ringed pores
along the sides, on the inner surface with only 2-4 ringed pores in
the ends and corners of each cell; chlorophyll cells rounded-triangular
in cross section, exposed only on the outer surface with a thick wall, the
lumen lenticular; hyaline cells considerably more convex on the inner
surface than on the outer. Monoicous or dioicous; perigonial and peri-
chaetial leaves similar to the other branch leaves. Capsules small, brown;
spores greenish-yellow, smooth or very finely granular.
  DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland       southward, mostly in the coastal
plain, to Florida, west to Alabama and Mexico; Scotland, Norway.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Highlands, Jefferson, Leon, Levy,
Manatee, Marion, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Taylor
Counties.
Fairly frequent throughout the peninsula and the eastern panhandle.

          Sphagnum recurvum P. Beauv. PLATE 128
 Plants fairly robust in southern material, rarely somewhat slender,
 light green or yellowish-green to brown. Stems yellowish-green, cortical
 cells slightly or not at all developed as distinct from the inner cells, with-
 out fibrils or pores. Stem leaves relatively small, triangular to triangular-
lingulate, apex rounded, mucronate, or erose, the border of a few rows
of long, narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells, broadening downward; hya-
line cells relatively short, not divided, not fibrillose, on the outer side
the walls resorbed only near the apex. Branches usually in fascicles of 5,
2 spreading; cortical cells in a single layer, retort cells with a short neck.


126          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
  DrsTRIBUTION: Long Island southward, mostly near the coast, to
Florida and Louisiana; Puerto Rico; Mexico; Guadeloupe; northern South
America.
  Florida:  Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Hardee, Holmes, Leon, Liberty,
Manatee, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Santa Rosa, Walton Counties.
Infrequent in the middle peninsular region, fairly frequent in the pan-
handle.


126


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


Sphagnum strictum Sull.


PLATE 128


  Plants short and compact, growing in low      cushions, rarely tall and
somewhat robust, light green to yellowish. Stems yellow-green; cortical
cells in 1-3 layers, without pores. Stem leaves small, triangular to lingu-
late-triangular; hyaline cells not divided, usually without fibrils. Branches
in closely spaced fascicles of 5, 2 spreading; cortical cells in I layer,
uniform, each with a slightly elevated pore at the upper end. Branch
leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply concave, usually squarrose, strongly in-
rolled to a truncate, toothed apex; hyaline cells elongate-rhomboidal,
about 6:1, on the outer surface with numerous strongly ringed pores
along the sides, on the inner surface with only 2-4 ringed pores in
the ends and corners of each cell; chlorophyll cells rounded-triangular
in cross section, exposed only on the outer surface with a thick wall, the
lumen lenticular; hyaline cells considerably more convex on the inner
surface than on the outer. Monoicous or dioicous; perigonial and peri-
chaetial leaves similar to the other branch leaves. Capsules small, brown;
spores greenish-yellow, smooth or very finely granular.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Newfoundland southward, mostly in the coastal
plain, to Florida, west to Alabama and Mexico; Scotland, Norway.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Highlands, Jefferson, Leon, Levy,
Manatee, Marion, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Taylor
Counties.
Fairly frequent throughout the peninsula and the eastern panhandle.

          Sphagnum recurvum P. Beauv. PLATE 128
 Plants fairly robust in southern material, rarely somewhat slender,
 light green or yellowish-green to brown. Stems yellowish-green, cortical
 cells slightly or not at all developed as distinct from the inner cells, with-
 out fibrils or pores. Stem leaves relatively small, triangular to triangular-
lingulate, apex rounded, mucronate, or erose, the border of a few rows
of long, narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells, broadening downward; hya-
line cells relatively short, not divided, not fibrillose, on the outer side
the walls resorbed only near the apex. Branches usually in fascicles of 5,
2 spreading; cortical cells in a single layer, retort cells with a short neck.


  DISTRIBUTION: Long Island southward, mostly near the coast, to
Florida and Louisiana; Puerto Rico; Mexico; Guadeloupe; northern South
America.
  Florida:   Bay, Calhoun, Clay, Hardee, Holmes, Leon, Liberty,
Manatee, Okaloosa, Orange, Polk, Santa Rosa, Walton Counties.
  Infrequent in the middle peninsular region, fairly frequent in the pan-
handle.

            Sphagnum strictum Sull. PLATE 128
  Plants short and compact, growing in low cushions, rarely tall and
somewvhat robust, light green to yellowish. Stems yellow-green; cortical
cells in 1-3 layers, without pores. Stem leaves small, triangular to lingu-
late-triangular; hyaline cells not divided, usually without fibrils. Branches
in closely spaced fascicles of 5, 2 spreading; cortical cells in 1 layer,
uniform, each with a slightly elevated pore at the upper end. Branch
leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply concave, usually squarrose, strongly in-
rolled to a truncate, toothed apex; hyaline cells elongate-rhomboidal,
about 6:1, on the outer surface with numerous strongly ringed pores
along the sides, on the inner surface with only 2-4 ringed pores in
the ends and corners of each cell; chlorophyll cells rounded-triangular
in cross section, exposed only on the outer surface with a thick wall, the
lumen lenticular; hyaline cells considerably more convex on the inner
surface than on the outer. Monoicous or dioicous; perigonial and peri-
chaetial leaves similar to the other branch leaves. Capsules small, brown;
spores greenish-yellow, smooth or very finely granular.
  DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland       southward, mostly in the coastal
plain, to Florida, west to Alabama and Mexico; Scotland, Norway.
  Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Gilchrist, Highlands, Jefferson, Leon, Levy,
Manatee, Marion, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Taylor
Counties.
Fairly frequent throughout the peninsula and the eastern panhandle.

          Sphagnum recurvum P. Beauv. PLATE 128
 Plants fairly robust in southern material, rarely somewhat slender,
light green or yellowish-green to brown. Stems yellowish-green, cortical
cells slightly or not at all developed as distinct from the inner cells, with-
out fibrils or pores. Stem leaves relatively small, triangular to triangular-
hngulate, apex rounded, mueronate, or erose, the border of a few rows
of long, narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells, broadening downward; hya-
line cells relatively short, not divided, not fibrillose, on the outer side
the walls resorbed only near the apex. Branches usually in fascicles of 5,
2 spreading; cortical cells in a single layer, retort cells with a short neck.



127                  SPHAGNACEAE


127


Branch leaves narrowly lanceolate, inrolled above to a toothed apex, more
or less wavy when dry, with recurved twisted tips, especially in upper
leaves, bordered by 2-4 rows of narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells;
hyaline cells narrowly linear-rhomboidal, 7-11:1, on the outer side with
a few pores in the ends and along the sides; chlorophyll cells triangular
mo cross section, the base exposed on the outer surface, the apex usually
reaching the inner surface; hyaline cells slightly convex on the outer sur-
face, more so on the inner. Dioicous; perigonial leaves smaller than other
leaves, brown; perichactial leaves large, ovate, usually abruptly pointed
and sometimes torn at the apex. Capsules brown; spores brownish-yellow,
slightly granular.
DISTnRUTIoN: Labrador southward to Florida and Louisiana; Colo-
rado; Alaska to Washington; South America, Europe, Asia, Africa.
Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden,
Gilchrist, Highlands, Holmes, Lake, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion,
Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Taylor,
Volusia, Walton Counties.
Fairly frequent in most of Florida except in the southern peninsula.

          Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. PLATE 129
  Plants variable in size from  quite robust to slender and delicate,
yellowish-green to green. Stems yellowish-green; cortical cells in 2-3
layers, thick-walled, the outermost long-quadrilateral. Stem leaves small,
broadly triangular to ovate, concave, slightly toothed at apex, border
strong and widened below; hyaline cells long and narrow except in upper
portion of leaf, usualls without fibril bands, occasionally a few in apical
region. Branches in fascicles of 4, usually long and not differentiated;
retort cells moderately large with short necks. Branch leaves long-lanceo-
late, with or without attenuate tips, strongly toothed; hyaline cells long,
narrowly rhomboidal, strongly and closely fibrillose, on the outer side
with small, strongly ringed pores in the ends and corners, 2-5 per cell,
on the inner side with both small and large pores mostly in the ends and
corners; chlorophyii cells in cross section trapezoidal with broader expo-
sure on the outer side, the lumen triangular to trapezoidal; healine cells
slightly convex on the inner side only. Dioicous; perigonial leaves brown,
slightly smaller than the other leaves; perichaetial leaves broadly ovate,
obtuse, entire at apex. Capsules brown; spores yellow and distinctly gran-
ular.
  The typical form of this species has not, as far as known, been col-
lected in Florida, but is included here because it may be expected to
occur in the northern counties of the state. It is represented throughout
by an aquatic form which is now considered to be a distinct varietv.


Branch leaves narrowly lanceolate, inrolled above to a toothed apex, more
or less wavy when dry, with recurved twisted tips, especially in upper
leaves, bordered by 2-4 rows of narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells;
hyaline cells narrowly linear-rhomboidal, 7-11 :1, on the outer side with
a few pores in the ends and along the sides; chlorophyll cells triangular
to cross section, the base exposed on the outer surface, the apex usually
reaching the inner surface; hyaline cells slightly convex on the outer sur-
face, more so on the inner. Dioicous; perigonial leaves smaller than other
leaves, brown; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, usually abruptly pointed
and sometimes torn at the apex. Capsules brown; spores brownish-yellow,
slightly granular.
DISTrUTIoN: Labrador southward to Florida and Louisiana; Colo-
rado; Alaska to Washington; South America, Europe, Asia, Africa.
Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden,
Gilchrist, Highlands, Holmes, Lake, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion,
Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Taylor,
Volusia, Walton Counties.
Fairly frequent in most of Florida except in the southern peninsula.


Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.


PLATE 129


               SPHAGN ACEAE         127
Branch leaves narrowly lanceolate, inrolled above to a toothed apex, more
or less wavy when dry, with recurved twisted tips, especially in upper
leaves, bordered by 2-4 rows of narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells;
hyaline cells narrowly linear-rhomboidal, 7-11:1, on the outer side with
a few pores in the ends and along the sides; chlorophyll cells triangular
tm cross section, the base exposed on the outer surface, the apex usually
reaching the inner surface; hyaline cells slightly convex on the outer sur-
face, more so on the inner. Dioicous; perigonial leaves smaller than other
leaves, brown; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, usually abruptly pointed
and sometimes torn at the apex. Capsules brown; spores brownish-yellow,
slightly granular.
  DISTRIBUTION: Labrador southward to Florida and Louisiana; Colo-
rado; Alaska to Washington; South America, Europe, Asia, Africa.
  Florida: Alachua, Calhoun, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden,
Gilchrist, Highlands, Holmes, Lake, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Marion,
Okaloosa, Orange, Osceola, Polk, St. Johns, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Taylor,
Volusia, Walton Counties.
  Fairly frequent in most of Florida except in the southern peninsula.

           Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. PLATE 129
  Plants variable in size from  quite robust to slender and delicate,
yellowish-green to green. Stems yellowish-green; cortical cells in 2-3
layers, thick-walled, the outermost long-quadrilateral. Stem leaves small,
broadly triangular to ovate, concave, slightly toothed at apex, border
strong and widened below; hyaline cells long and narrow except in upper
portion of leaf, usually without fibril bands, occasionally a few in apical
region. Branches in fascicles of 4, usually long and not differentiated;
retort cells moderately large with short necks. Branch leaves long-lanceo-
late, with or without attenuate tips, strongly toothed; hyaline cells long,
narrowly rhomboidal, strongly and closely fibrillose, on the outer side
with small, strongly ringed pores in the ends and corners, 2-5 per cell,
on the inner side with both small and large pores mostly in the ends and
corners; chlorophyl cells in cross section trapezoidal with broader expo-
sure on the outer side, the lumen triangular to trapezoidal; hyaline cells
slightly convex on the inner side only. Dioicous; perigonial leaves brown,
slightly smaller than the other leaves; perichactial leaves broadly ovate,
obtuse, entire at apex. Capsules brown; spores yellow and distinctly gran-
ular.
  The typical form of this species has not, as far as known, been col-
lected in Florida, but is included here because it may be expected to
occur in the northern counties of the state. It is represented throughout
by an aquatic form which is now considered to be a distinct variety.


Plants variable in size from quite robust to slender and delicate,
yellowish-green to green. Stems yellowish-green; cortical cells in 2-3
layers, thick-walled, the outermost long-quadrilateral. Stem leaves small,
broadly triangular to ovate, concave, slightly toothed at apex, border
strong and widened below; hyaline cells long and narrow except in upper
portion of leaf, usually without fibril bands, occasionally a few in apical
region. Branches in fascicles of 4, usually long and not differentiated;
retort cells moderately large with short necks. Branch leaves long-lanceo-
late, with or without attenuate tips, strongly toothed; hyaline cells long,
narrowly rhomboidal, strongly and closely fibrillose, on the outer side
with small, strongly ringed pores in the ends and corners, 2-5 per cell,
on the inner side with both small and large pores mostly in the ends and
corners; chlorophyll cells in cross section trapezoidal with broader expo-
sure on the outer side, the lumen triangular to trapezoidal; hyaline cells
slightly convex on the inner side only. Dioicous; perigonial leaves brown,
slightly smaller than the other leaves; perichaetial leaves broadly ovate,
obtuse, entire at apex. Capsules brown; spores yellow and distinctly gran-
ular.
  The typical form of this species has not, as far as known, been col-
lected in Florida, but is included here because it may be expected to
occur in the northern counties of the state. It is represented throughout
by an aquatic form which is now considered to be a distinct varietv.



128          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
   Sphagnum cuspidatum var. serrulatum Schlieph.       PLATE 129
   This differs from the typical form in being more usually aquatic and
much more lax, slender, and delicate, with long, narrow leaves which
terminate in long-attenuate slender tips which are conspicuously toothed
on the margins.
DISTRIBUTION: Maine southward, mostly in the coastal plain, to
Florida and Louisiana; Bermuda; Puerto Rico; South America.
Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Columbia, Hardee, Highlands, Lafayette,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Orange, Palm Beach, Polk, Putnam, St.
Johns, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Walton Counties.
  Frequent throughout the state except in counties south of Lake Okee-
chobee. In ditches, margins of ponds, marshlands, swamps, and streams.


128          MOSSES OF FLORIDA

   Sphagnum cuspidatum var. serrulatum Schlieph.       PLATE 129
 This differs from the typical form in being more usually aquatic and
much more lax, slender, and delicate, with long, narrow leaves which
terminate in long-attenuate slender tips which are conspicuously toothed
on the margins.
DISTRIBUTION: Maine southward, mostly in the coastal plain, to
Florida and Louisiana; Bermuda; Puerto Rico; South America.
Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Columbia, Hardee, Highlands, Lafayette,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Orange, Palm Beach, Polk, Putnam, St.
Johns, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Walton Counties.
Frequent throughout the state except in counties south of Lake Okee-
chobee. In ditches, margins of ponds, marshlands, swamps, and streams.


128


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


   Sphagnum cuspidatum var. serrulatum Schlieph.       PLATE 129
   This differs from the typical form in being more usually aquatic and
much more lax, slender, and delicate, with long, narrow leaves which
terminate in long-attenuate slender tips which are conspicuously toothed
on the margins.
DISTRIBUTION: Maine southward, mostly in the coastal plain, to
Florida and Louisiana; Bermuda; Puerto Rico; South America.
Florida: Alachua, Brevard, Columbia, Hardee, Highlands, Lafayette,
Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Orange, Palm Beach, Polk, Putnam, St.
Johns, Seminole, Suwannee, Taylor, Walton Counties.
  Frequent throughout the state except in counties south of Lake Okee-
chobee. In ditches, margins of ponds, marshlands, swamps, and streams.


Sphagnum fitzgeraldii Ren.


PLATE 130


Sphagnum fitzgeraldii Ren.


PLATE 130


Sphagnum fitzgeraldii Ren.


PLATE 130


  Plants usually very slender, pale green. Stems pale green; cortical cells
in 2-3 layers, the outermost elongate-quadrilateral. Stem leaves hemi-
isophyllous, ovate to linear-ovate, broadly rounded and more or less
toothed at apex, concave, border of 2-3 rows of long, narrow, thick-
walled, hyaline cells, slightly toothed near apex; hyaline cells narrow,
frequently divided, especially near the apex, closely fibrillose throughout,
on the outside with pores in the ends and occasionally a few in the side
angles, on the inside similar except pores mostly absent in the side angles.
Branches in fascicles of 2-3, little or not at all differentiated, mostly all
drooping; cortical cells in 1 layer, retort cells large, without a neck.
Branch leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, or oblong-quadrilateral, with a broad,
commonly 5-toothed apex, often with auricles at base; border toothed, of
2-3 rows of very narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells nar-
rowly linear-rhomboidal, much longer at the base than above, on the
outside with strongly ringed pores in the ends and corners, often with
auricles at base, 3-4 pores per cell above, fewer below, pores on inner
side not ringed; chlorophyll cells trapezoidal in cross section, more broadly
exposed on the outer side of the leaf; hyaline cells slightly convex on the
inner surface. Dioicous; perigonial leaves slightly differentiated, brown,
small, nearly orbicular; perichaetial leaves ovate, abruptly inrolled. Cap-
sules small, brown, operculum relatively large; spores yellow, 35-40
in diameter, coarsely rough on outside.
DISTRIBUTION: Mostly in the coastal plain from North Carolina
(Onslow County) to Highlands County, Florida.
Florida: Highlands, Jackson, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Orange, Semi-
nole Counties.
Apparently infrequent and occurring only north of Lake Okeechobee.
Because of its small size it is probably overlooked.


  Plants usually very slender, pale green. Stems pale green; cortical cells
in 2-3 layers, the outermost elongate-quadrilateral. Stem leaves hemi-
isophyllous, ovate to linear-ovate, broadly rounded and more or less
toothed at apex, concave, border of 2-3 rows of long, narrow, thick-
walled, hyaline cells, slightly toothed near apex; hyaline cells narrow,
frequently divided, especially near the apex, closely fibrillose throughout,
on the outside with pores in the ends and occasionally a few in the side
angles, on the inside similar except pores mostly absent in the side angles.
Branches in fascicles of 2-3, little or not at all differentiated, mostly all
drooping; cortical cells in I layer, retort cells large, without a neck.
Branch leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, or oblong-quadrilateral, with a broad,
commonly 5-toothed apex, often with auricles at base; border toothed, of
2-3 rows of very narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells nar-
rowly linear-rhomboidal, much longer at the base than above, on the
outside with strongly ringed pores in the ends and corners, often with
auricles at base, 3-4 pores per cell above, fewer below, pores on inner
side not ringed; chlorophyll cells trapezoidal in cross section, more broadly
exposed on the outer side of the leaf; hyaline cells slightly convex on the
inner surface. Dioicous; perigonial leaves slightly differentiated, brown,
small, nearly orbicular; perichaetial leaves ovate, abruptly inrolled. Cap-
sules small, brown, operculum relatively large; spores yellow, 35-40 p
in diameter, coarsely rough on outside.
DISTRIBUTION: Mostly in the coastal plain from North Carolina
(Onslow County) to Highlands County, Florida.
Florida: Highlands, Jackson, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Orange, Semi-
nole Counties.
Apparently infrequent and occurring only north of Lake Okeechobee.
Because of its small size it is probably overlooked.


  Plants usually very slender, pale green. Stems pale green; cortical cells
in 2-3 layers, the outermost elongate-quadrilateral. Stem leaves hemi-
isophyllous, ovate to linear-ovate, broadly rounded and more or less
toothed at apex, concave, border of 2-3 rows of long, narrow, thick-
walled, hyaline cells, slightly toothed near apex; hyaline cells narrow,
frequently divided, especially near the apex, closely fibrillose throughout,
on the outside with pores in the ends and occasionally a few in the side
angles, on the inside similar except pores mostly absent in the side angles.
Branches in fascicles of 2-3, little or not at all differentiated, mostly all
drooping; cortical cells in I layer, retort cells large, without a neck.
Branch leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, or oblong-quadrilateral, with a broad,
commonly 5-toothed apex, often with auricles at base; border toothed, of
2-3 rows of very narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells nar-
rowly linear-rhomboidal, much longer at the base than above, on the
outside with strongly ringed pores in the ends and corners, often with
auricles at base, 3-4 pores per cell above, fewer below, pores on inner
side not ringed; chlorophyll cells trapezoidal in cross section, more broadly
exposed on the outer side of the leaf; hyaline cells slightly convex on the
inner surface. Dioicous; perigonial leaves slightly differentiated, brown,
small, nearly orbicular; perichaetial leaves ovate, abruptly inrolled. Cap-
sules small, brown, operculum relatively large; spores yellow, 35-40 p
in diameter, coarsely rough on outside.
DISTRIBUTION: Mostly in the coastal plain from North Carolina
(Onslow County) to Highlands County, Florida.
Florida: Highlands, Jackson, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Orange, Semi-
nole Counties.
Apparently infrequent and occurring only north of Lake Okeechobee.
Because of its small size it is probably overlooked.



SPHAGNACEAE


129


          Sphagnum subsecundum Nees PLATE 130
 Plants extremely variable, small and delicate to long and slender or
 more or less robust, greenish-yellow to brown. Stems yellowish to brown;
 cortical cells in 1-3 layers, small or large, walls mostly thin, the outer
 quadrilateral, often nearly as broad as long, without fibril bands or pores.
 Stem leaves rather small, triangular-lingulate to ovate, concave and
 rounded at the apex, border narrow above, broadening below, on the
 outer surface without fibril bands, on the inner surface with irregular
 resorption gaps near the apex; hemi-isophylly frequent, varying from
 almost normal stem leaves to normal branch leaves. Branches mostly in
 fascicles of 2-6, 2 or 3 spreading; cortical cells in 1 laser, retort cells
 with short necks. Branch leaves varying in size and shape, usually inrolled
 above, apex toothed, border entire, of 2-3 rows of long narrow cells;
 hyaline cells narrowly rhomboidal, broader and shorter at apex, on the
 outer surface either with numerous small, strongly ringed pores close
 together along the sides, appearing bead-like, or variously reduced to
 almost none, on the inner surface a few pores in the angles or more
 numerous along the sides; chlorophyll cells truncately elliptic or rectangu-
 lar in cross section, exposed about equally on both surfaces, often slightly
 more so on the outer; hyaline cells slightly convex on both surfaces,
 usually more so on the inner. Dioicous; perigonial leaves similar in form
 to other branch leaves; perichaetial leaves ovate, abruptly inrolled at the
 apex, pointed. Capsules dark brown; spores yellowish-brown, finely granu-
 lar on the outside.
 DISTRIBUTION: From the arctic regions south to Florida, Louisiana;
 California, Washington; Mexico.
 Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Gulf, Highlands, Jeffer-
 son, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa
Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.
  Widely distributed in the state except south of Lake Okeechobee.

         Sphagnum macrophyllum Bernh. PLATE 131
 Plants aquatic, floating, commonly robust, rich green when moist,
 brownish to pale green when dry. Stems yellowish-green to brownish,
 hard cortical cells in 2-3 layers, rather large and with thin walls, much
 longer than broad. Stem leaves small, lingulate-triangular, round at apex,
 slightly concave, border narrow and indistinct; hyaline cells rhomboidal,
 occasionally divided, longer toward base and sides, without fibril bands,
 1 large pore at the upper end on the outer side, elsewhere 1-4 pores,
 the inner side without pores. Branches solitary or in fascicles of 3, 1
 fairly well developed, the others short, rudimentary; cortical cells in 1-3
 layers, more or less similar. Branch leaves increasing in length toward


               SPHAGNACEAE           129

          Sphagnum subsecundum Nees PLATE 130
 Plants extremely variable, small and delicate to long and slender or
 more or less robust, greenish-yellow to brown. Stems yellowish to brown;
 cortical cells in 1-3 layers, small or large, walls mostly thin, the outer
 quadrilateral, often nearly as broad as long, without fibril bands or pores.
 Stem  leaves rather small, triangular-lingulate to ovate, concave and
 rounded at the apex, border narrow above, broadening below, on the
 outer surface without fibril bands, on the inner surface with irregular
 resorption gaps near the apex; hemi-isophylly frequent, varying from
 almost normal stem leaves to normal branch leaves. Branches mostly in
 fascicles of 2-6, 2 or 3 spreading; cortical cells in 1 layer, retort cells
 with short necks. Branch leaves varying in size and shape, usually inrolled
 above, apex toothed, border entire, of 2-3 rows of long narrow cells;
 hyaline cells narrowly rhomboidal, broader and shorter at apex, on the
 outer surface either with numerous small, strongly ringed pores close
 together along the sides, appearing bead-like, or variously reduced to
 almost none, on the inner surface a few pores in the angles or more
 numerous along the sides; chlorophyll cells truncately elliptic or rectangu-
 lar in cross section, exposed about equally on both surfaces, often slightly
 more so on the outer; hyaline cells slightly convex on both surfaces,
 usually more so on the inner. Dioicous; perigonial leaves similar in form
 to other branch leaves; perichaetial leaves ovate, abruptly inrolled at the
 apex, pointed. Capsules dark brown; spores yellowish-brown, finely granu-
 lar on the outside.
 DISTRIBUTION: From the arctic regions south to Florida, Louisiana;
 California, Washington; Mexico.
 Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Gulf, Highlands, Jeffer-
 son, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa
Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.
  Widely distributed in the state except south of Lake Okeechobee.

         Sphagnum macrophyllum Bernh. PLATE 131
 Plants aquatic, floating, commonly robust, rich green when moist,
brownish to pale green when dry. Stems yellowish-green to brownish,
hard cortical cells in 2-3 layers, rather large and with thin walls, much
longer than broad. Stem leaves small, lingulate-triangular, round at apex,
slightly concave, border narrow and indistinct; hyaline cells rhomboidal,
occasionally divided, longer toward base and sides, without fibril bands,
1 large pore at the upper end on the outer side, elsewhere 1-4 pores,
the inner side without pores. Branches solitary or in fascicles of 3, 1
fairly well developed, the others short, rudimentary; cortical cells in 1-3
layers, more or less similar. Branch leaves increasing in length toward


               SPHAGNACEAE           129

          Sphagnum subsecundum Nees PLATE 130
 Plants extremely variable, small and delicate to long and slender or
 more or less robust, greenish-yellow to brown. Stems yellowish to brown;
 cortical cells in 1-3 layers, small or large, walls mostly thin, the outer
 quadrilateral, often nearly as broad as long, without fibril bands or pores.
 Stem leaves rather small, triangular-lingulate to ovate, concave and
 rounded at the apex, border narrow above, broadening below, on the
 outer surface without fibril bands, on the inner surface with irregular
 resorption gaps near the apex; hemi-isophylly frequent, varying from
 almost normal stem leaves to normal branch leaves. Branches mostly in
 fascicles of 2-6, 2 or 3 spreading; cortical cells in 1 later, retort cells
 with short necks. Branch leaves varying in size and shape, usually inrolled
 above, apex toothed, border entire, of 2-3 rows of long narrow cells;
 hyaline cells narrowly rhomboidal, broader and shorter at apex, on the
 outer surface either with numerous small, strongly ringed pores close
 together along the sides, appearing bead-like, or variously reduced to
 almost none, on the inner surface a few pores in the angles or more
 numerous along the sides; chlorophyll cells truncately elliptic or rectangu-
 lar in cross section, exposed about equally on both surfaces, often slightly
 more so on the outer; hyaline cells slightly convex on both surfaces,
 usually more so on the inner. Dioicous; perigonial leaves similar in form
 to other branch leaves; perichaetial leaves ovate, abruptly inrolled at the
 apex, pointed. Capsules dark brown; spores yellowish-brown, finely granu-
 lar on the outside.
 DISTRIBUTION: From the arctic regions south to Florida, Louisiana;
 California, Washington; Mexico.
 Florida: Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Gulf, Highlands, Jeffer-
 son, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Manatee, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa
Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington Counties.
Widely distributed in the state except south of Lake Okeechobee.

         Sphagnum macrophyllum Bernh. PLATE 131
 Plants aquatic, floating, commonly robust, rich green when moist,
brownish to pale green when dry. Stems yellowish-green to brownish,
hard cortical cells in 2-3 layers, rather large and with thin walls, much
longer than broad. Stem leaves small, lingulate-triangular, round at apex,
slightly concave, border narrow and indistinct; hyaline cells rhomboidal,
occasionally divided, longer toward base and sides, without fibril bands,
1 large pore at the upper end on the outer side, elsewhere 1-4 pores,
the inner side without pores. Branches solitary or in fascicles of 3, 1
fairly well developed, the others short, rudimentary; cortical cells in 1-3
layers, more or less similar. Branch leaves increasing in length toward



130          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
stem summit, where aggregated, long linear-lanceolate, inrolled upward to
the toothed apex; border entire, of 2-3 rows of very long, narrow, thick-
walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells very long and narrow, without fibril
bands, on the outside with a row of large, mostly oblong pores in the
middle, rarely 3 rows at the leaf base, or 2 rows of much smaller elliptic
pores; chlorophyll cells relatively wide, rectangular in cross section, ex-
posed about equally on both surfaces, the lumen elliptic. Dioicous; peri-
chaetial leaves large, ovate, concave, bordered by 3-4 rows of long,
narrow, thick-walled cells, toothed at the blunt apex. Capsules dark
brown; spores yellow, slightly granular.
  DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, southward mostly near
the coast, rarely inland in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama, to
Florida; Louisiana.
Florida:  Bay, Calhoun, Highlands, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Oka-
loosa, Orange, Seminole Counties.
  Infrequent in the peninsula, more frequent in the panhandle.

  Sphagnum macrophyllum var. foridanum Aust. PLATE 131
  This variety differs mainly from the type form in having mostly 2 rows
of many (28-56) small elliptic pores in the hyaline cells of branch leaves,
whereas the type form has mostly 1 row of relatively few (8-14) larger
pores in the hyaline cells of the branch leaves.
  DIsTRIBUTION: New Jersey southward near the coast to Florida and
Louisiana.
Florida: Bradford, Brevard, Columbia, De Soto, Duval, Fscambia,
Franklin, Gulf, Hamilton, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lee, Leon, Madi-
son, Manatee, Marion, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Tay-
lor, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.
Fairly frequent in middle, upper peninsula, and eastern panhandle.

        Sphagnum    cyclophyllum   Sull. &  Lesq.   PLATE 131
 Plants usually short, pale green to whitish, often tinged with brown,
 stems unbranched or with 1 or 2 short ascending branches. Cortical cells
 of stem in 1-2 layers, large, thin-walled, without spiral bands or pores.
 Stem leaves isophyllous, very large, broadly ovate, concave, flaccid, erose
 at apex, weakly bordered by 1-2 rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells.
 Hyaline cells of branch leaves long, narrow, with fibril bands, numerous
 (15 or more) pores on the outer surface, and 1-2 pores on the inner;
chlorophyll cells rectangular with equal exposure on both surfaces, or
trapezoidal and with slightly broader exposure on the inner surface. Dioi-
cous; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, truncate, erose at apex. Capsules
small, dark brown.


130          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
stem summit, where aggregated, long linear-lanceolate, inrolled upward to
the toothed apex; border entire, of 2-3 rows of very long, narrow, thick-
walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells very long and narrow, without fibril
bands, on the outside with a row of large, mostly oblong pores in the
middle, rarely 3 rows at the leaf base, or 2 rows of much smaller elliptic
pores; chlorophyll cells relatively wide, rectangular in cross section, ex-
posed about equally on both surfaces, the lumen elliptic. Dioicous; peri-
chaetial leaves large, ovate, concave, bordered by 3-4 rows of long,
narrow, thick-walled cells, toothed at the blunt apex. Capsules dark
brown; spores yellow, slightly granular.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, southward mostly near
the coast, rarely inland in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama, to
Florida; Louisiana.
Florida:  Bay, Calhoun, Highlands, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Oka-
loosa, Orange, Seminole Counties.
  Infrequent in the peninsula, more frequent in the panhandle.

  Sphagnum macrophyllum var. foridanum Aust. PLATE 131
  This variety differs mainly from the type form in having mostly 2 rows
of many (28-56) small elliptic pores in the hyaline cells of branch leaves,
whereas the type form has mostly 1 row of relatively few (8-14) larger
pores in the hyaline cells of the branch leaves.
  DISTRIBUTION: New Jersey southward near the coast to Florida and
Louisiana.
Florida: Bradford, Brevard, Columbia, De Soto, Duval, Escambia,
Franklin, Gulf, Hamilton, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lee, Leon, Madi-
son, Manatee, Marion, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Tay-
Ior, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.
Fairly frequent in middle, upper peninsula, and eastern panhandle.

        Sphagnum cyclophyllum Sull. & Lesq. PLATE 131
 Plants usually short, pale green to whitish, often tinged with brown,
 stems unbranched or with 1 or 2 short ascending branches. Cortical cells
 of stem in 1-2 layers, large, thin-walled, without spiral bands or pores.
 Stem leaves isophyllous, very large, broadly ovate, concave, flaccid, erase
 at apex, weakly bordered by 1-2 rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells.
 Hyaline cells of branch leaves long, narrow, with fibril bands, numerous
 (15 or more) pores on the outer surface, and 1-2 pores on the inner;
chlorophyll cells rectangular with equal exposure on both surfaces, or
trapezoidal and with slightly broader exposure on the inner surface. Dioi-
cous; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, truncate, erose at apex. Capsules
small, dark brown.


130          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
stem summit, where aggregated, long linear-lanceolate, inrolled upward to
the toothed apex; border entire, of 2-3 rows of very long, narrow, thick-
walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells very long and narrow, without fibril
bands, on the outside with a row of large, mostly oblong pores in the
middle, rarely 3 rows at the leaf base, or 2 rows of much smaller elliptic
pores; chlorophyll cells relatively wide, rectangular in cross section, ex-
posed about equally on both surfaces, the lumen elliptic. Dioicous; peri-
chactial leaves large, ovate, concave, bordered by 3-4 rows of long,
narrow, thick-walled cells, toothed at the blunt apex. Capsules dark
brown; spores yellow, slightly granular.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, southward mostly near
the coast, rarely inland in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama, to
Florida; Louisiana.
Florida:  Bay, Calhoun, Highlands, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Oka-
loosa, Orange, Seminole Counties.
  Infrequent in the peninsula, more frequent in the panhandle.

  Sphagnum    macrophyllum    var. floridanum   Aust.   PLATE 131
  This variety differs mainly from the type form in having mostly 2 rows
of many (28-56) small elliptic pores in the hyaline cells of branch leaves,
whereas the type form has mostly 1 row of relatively few (8-14) larger
pores in the hyaline cells of the branch leaves.
  DISTRIBUTION: New Jersey southward near the coast to Florida and
Louisiana.
Florida: Bradford, Brevard, Columbia, De Soto, Duval, Escambia,
Franklin, Gulf, Hamilton, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lee, Leon, Madi-
son, Manatee, Marion, Orange, Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, Seminole, Tay-
Ior, Volusia, Wakulla Counties.
Fairly frequent in middle, upper peninsula, and eastern panhandle.

        Sphagnum cyclophyllum Sull. & Lesq. PLATE 131
 Plants usually short, pale green to whitish, often tinged with brown,
 stems unbranched or with 1 or 2 short ascending branches. Cortical cells
 of stem in 1-2 layers, large, thin-walled, without spiral bands or pores.
 Stem leaves isophyllous, very large, broadly ovate, concave, flaccid, erose
 at apex, weakly bordered by 1-2 rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells.
 Hyaline cells of branch leaves long, narrow, with fibril bands, numerous
 (15 or more) pores on the outer surface, and 1-2 pores on the inner;
chlorophyll cells rectangular with equal exposure on both surfaces, or
trapezoidal and with slightly broader exposure on the inner surface. Dioi-
cous; perichaetial leaves large, ovate, truncate, erose at apex. Capsules
small, dark brown.



SPHAGNACEAE           131                  SPHAGNACEAE           1l                   SPHAGNACEAE           131


DISTRIBUTION: New Jersey southward to Florida, Alabama, Louisiana;
Brazil.
Florida: Known only from Manatee County.

       Sphagnum warnstorfianum Du Rietz PLATE 132
  Plants slender, green or tinged with red. Stemos commonly pink or red;
cortical cells of the stem in 2-4 layers, large and thin-walled, generally
without pores, but sometimes with 1 pore. Stem leaves of medium size,
lingulate to lingulate-ovate, slightly concave, border strong and much
broadened in the basal region; hyaline cells mostly once divided, usually
without fibril bands. Branches in fascicles of 3-5, 2 stronger and spread-
ing, cortical cells in 1 layer, retort cells well developed, with conspicuous
necks. Branch leaves somewhat spreading especially near the summit of
the branch, often somewhat 5-ranked, small, narrowly lanceolate, in-
curved above to a toothed apex; border entire, of 2-3 rows of long,
narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells with fibril bands on
upper surface, in the apical region with many very small strongly ringed
or elliptic pores along the sides, these becoming gradually larger and less
strongly ringed further down, on the inner surface with pores at the ends
and corners and sometimes along the sides; chlorophyll cells triangular
or trapezoidal in cross section with broader exposure on the inner surface,
the lumen the same shape; hyaline cells slightly convex on the inner side,
more so on the outer. Dioicous; perigonial leaves crowded at branch tips,
spreading, strongly pigmented red, very short-ovate with an inrolled apex;
perichaetial leaves long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering upward to a
narrowly truncate or irregular apex. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow-
ish-brown, rather small, finely papillose.
  DISTRIBUTION: Greenland to Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut. Previ-
ous southern range limits were Colorado, Connecticut, and the northern
border states.
  This species reaches its southern limit of distribution on this continent
in northwestern Florida, where it was collected a few years ago.
  Florida: Walton County.

       Sphagnum meridense (Hampe) C. M. PLATE 132
  Plants more or less robust but sometimes slender, green or whitish, but
mostly tinged pink or red. Stems usually red; cortical cells of the stem
in 2-3 layers, irregularly quadrilateral, some of the cells with pores. Stem
leaves triangular-ovate, about twice as long as wide, somewhat concave,
especially near the toothed apex; border strongly developed; hyaline cells
rhomboidal, without fibril bands except in hemi-isophyllous forms, walls
on the outside without pores or gaps, walls resorbed into irregular gaps,


DISTRIBUTION: New Jersey southward to Florida, Alabama, Louisiana;
Brazil.
  Florida: Known only from Manatee County.

       Sphagnum warnstorfianum Du Rietz PLATE 132
  Plants slender, green or tinged with red. Stems commonly pink or red;
cortical cells of the stem in 2-4 layers, large and thin-walled, generally
without pores, but sometimes with 1 pore. Stem leaves of medium size,
lingulate to lingulate-ovate, slightly concave, border strong and much
broadened in the basal region; hyaline cells mostly once divided, usually
without fibril bands. Branches in fascicles of 3-5, 2 stronger and spread-
ing, cortical cells in 1 layer, retort cells well developed, with conspicuous
necks. Branch leaves somewhat spreading especially near the summit of
the branch, often somewhat 5-ranked, small, narrowly lanceolate, in-
curved above to a toothed apex; border entire, of 2-3 rows of long,
narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells with fibril bands on
upper surface, in the apical region with many very small strongly ringed
or elliptic pores along the sides, these becoming gradually larger and less
strongly ringed further down, on the inner surface with pores at the ends
and corners and sometimes along the sides; chlorophyll cells triangular
or trapezoidal in cross section with broader exposure on the inner surface,
the lumen the same shape; hyaline cells slightly convex on the inner side,
more so on the outer. Dioicous; perigonial leaves crowded at branch tips,
spreading, strongly pigmented red, very short-ovate with an inrolled apex;
perichaetial leaves long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering upward to a
narrowly truncate or irregular apex. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow-
ish-brown, rather small, finely papillose.
  DISTRIBUTION: Greenland to Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut. Previ-
ous southern range limits were Colorado, Connecticut, and the northern
border states.
  This species reaches its southern limit of distribution on this continent
in northwestern Florida, where it was collected a few years ago.
  Florida: Walton County.

       Sphagnum meridense (Hampe) C. M. PLATE 132
  Plants more or less robust but sometimes slender, green or whitish, but
mostly tinged pink or red. Stems usually red; cortical cells of the stem
in 2-3 layers, irregularly quadrilateral, some of the cells with pores. Stem
leaves triangular-ovate, about twice as long as wide, somewhat concave,
especially near the toothed apex; border strongly developed; hyaline cells
rhomboidal, without fibril bands except in hemi-isophyllous forms, walls
on the outside without pores or gaps, walls resorbed into irregular gaps,


DIsTnBUTIoN: New Jersey southward to Florida, Alabama, Louisiana;
Brazil.
Florida: Known only from      Manatee County.

       Sphagnum warnstorfianum Du Rietz PLATE 132
  Plants slender, green or tinged with red. Stems commonly pink or red;
cortical cells of the stem in 2-4 layers, large and thin-walled, generally
without pores, but sometimes with 1 pore. Stem leaves of medium size,
lingulate to lingulate-ovate, slightly concave, border strong and much
broadened in the basal region; hyaline cells mostly once divided, usually
without fibril bands. Branches in fascicles of 3-5, 2 stronger and spread-
ing, cortical cells in 1 layer, retort cells well developed, with conspicuous
necks. Branch leaves somewhat spreading especially near the summit of
the branch, often somewhat 5-ranked, small, narrowly lanceolate, in-
curved above to a toothed apex; border entire, of 2-3 rows of long,
narrow, thick-walled, hyaline cells; hyaline cells with fibril bands on
upper surface, in the apical region with many very small strongly ringed
or elliptic pores along the sides, these becoming gradually larger and less
strongly ringed further down, on the inner surface with pores at the ends
and corners and sometimes along the sides; chlorophyll cells triangular
or trapezoidal in cross section with broader exposure on the inner surface,
the lumen the same shape; hyaline cells slightly convex on the inner side,
more so on the outer. Dioicous; perigonial leaves crowded at branch tips,
spreading, strongly pigmented red, very short-ovate with an inrolled apex;
perichaetial leaves long, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering upward to a
narrowly truncate or irregular apex. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow-
ish-brown, rather small, finely papillose.
  DIsTRIBUTION: Greenland to Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut. Previ-
ous southern range limits were Colorado, Connecticut, and the northern
border states.
  This species reaches its southern limit of distribution on this continent
in northwestern Florida, where it was collected a few years ago.
  Florida: Walton County.

       Sphagnum meridense (Hampe) C. M. PLATE 132
  Plants more or less robust but sometimes slender, green or whitish, but
mostly tinged pink or red. Stems usually red; cortical cells of the stem
in 2-3 layers, irregularly quadrilateral, some of the cells with pores. Stem
leaves triangular-ovate, about twice as long as wide, somewhat concave,
especially near the toothed apex; border strongly developed; hyaline cells
rhomboidal, without fibril bands except in hemi-isophyllous forms, walls
on the outside without pores or gaps, walls resorbed into irregular gaps,



132          MOSSES Or FLORIDA
several per cell. Branches in fascicles of 5-6, 2 spreading; cortical cells
with well-developed retort cells with short necks. Branch leaves loosely
overlapping or spreading, ovate-oblong, deeply concave, abruptly pointed
with a short, inrolled, truncate, toothed apex, the border entire, of 1-2
rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells; hyaline cells with fibril bands,
narrowly rhomboidal, on the outer side variable, pores few to numerous
in the ends and corners, or numerous pores along the sides, the inner
side with numerous round large pores in the corners and along the sides;
chlorophyll cells varying much in cross section from   round-triangular
with basal exposure to truncately elliptic or nearly rectangular with about
equal exposure on both sides of the leaf; hyaline cells convex on both
surfaces of the leaf but usually more so on the inner. Dioicous and
possibly monoicous also; perigonial leaves not differing from  the other
leaves except redder in color; perichaetial leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate
and often abruptly inrolled at apex. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow,
granular-roughened.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America.
  Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties. Apparently rare.
  Superficially this species resembles very closely S. tenerum. Both are
quite variable. S. meridense is distinguished in the field by its pinker
or redder color and the slightly larger and shorter pointed leaves. Micro-
scopically it is best distinguished by pores in the cortical cells of the stem
and the variation in the cross section of its branch leaves.

          Sphagnum tenerum Sull. & Lesq. PLATE 133
 Plants growing mostly in compact tufts in moderately dry habitats,
 white to yellowish or tinged with pink. Stem yellowish-green to pink or
 red; cortical cells of stem in 2-3 layers, large, thin-walled, the outer cells
 quadrilateral or pentagonal, frequently as wide as long, without pores.
 Stem leaves very large triangular-ovate, concave, inrolled toward apex,
border narrow above, of 2-3 rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells;
hyaline cells long at base, shorter toward apex, with fibril bands through-
out, frequently divided, on the outer side with numerous elliptic pores
along the sides, becoming very large in the basal part of the leaf, on the
inner side with numerous large, round pores, 3-5 per cell. Branches in
fascicles of 4 or 5, 2 spreading, their cortical cells without fibril bands,
retort cells well developed with conspicuous necks. Branch leaves closely
overlapping, large, elongate-ovate, inrolled toward the apex, border entire,
of 2-3 rows of long, narrowly rhomboidal cells, on the outer side with
narrow elliptic pores along the sides, 6-15 per cell, on the inner side
with small pores in the ends of the cells in the apical region; chlorophyll
cells very small in cross section, narrowly triangular, trapezoidal, or almost


132          MOSSES OF FLORIDA
several per cell. Branches in fascicles of 5-6, 2 spreading; cortical cells
with well-developed retort cells with short necks. Branch leaves loosely
overlapping or spreading, ovate-oblong, deeply concave, abruptly pointed
with a short, inrolled, truncate, toothed apex, the border entire, of 1-2
rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells; hyaline cells with fibril bands,
narrowly rhomboidal, on the outer side variable, pores few to numerous
in the ends and corners, or numerous pores along the sides, the inner
side with numerous round large pores in the corners and along the sides;
chlorophyll cells varying much in cross section from round-triangular
with basal exposure to truncately elliptic or nearly rectangular with about
equal exposure on both sides of the leaf; hyaline cells convex on both
surfaces of the leaf but usually more so on the inner. Dioicous and
possibly monoicous also; perigonial leaves not differing from  the other
leaves except redder in color; perichaetial leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate
and often abruptly inrolled at apex. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow,
granular-roughened.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America.
  Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties. Apparently rare.
  Superficially this species resembles very closely S. tenerum. Both are
quite variable. S. meridense is distinguished in the field by its pinker
or redder color and the slightly larger and shorter pointed leaves. Micro-
scopically it is best distinguished by pores in the cortical cells of the stem
and the variation in the cross section of its branch leaves.

          Sphagnum tenerum Sull. & Lesq. PLATE 133
  Plants growing mostly in compact tufts in moderately dry habitats,
white to yellowish or tinged with pink. Stem yellowish-green to pink or
red; cortical cells of stem in 2-3 layers, large, thin-walled, the outer cells
quadrilateral or pentagonal, frequently as wide as long, without pores.
Stem leaves very large triangular-ovate, concave, inrolled toward apex,
border narrow above, of 2-3 rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells;
hyaline cells long at base, shorter toward apex, with fibril bands through-
out, frequently divided, on the outer side with numerous elliptic pores
along the sides, becoming very large in the basal part of the leaf, on the
inner side with numerous large, round pores, 3-5 per cell. Branches in
fascicles of 4 or 5, 2 spreading, their cortical cells without fibril bands,
retort cells well developed with conspicuous necks. Branch leaves closely
overlapping, large, elongate-ovate, inrolled toward the apex, border entire,
of 2-3 rows of long, narrowly rhomboidal cells, on the outer side with
narrow elliptic pores along the sides, 6-15 per cell, on the inner side
with small pores in the ends of the cells in the apical region; chlorophyll
cells very small in cross section, narrowly triangular, trapezoidal, or almost


132


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


several per cell. Branches in fascicles of 5-6, 2 spreading; cortical cells
with well-developed retort cells with short necks. Branch leaves loosely
overlapping or spreading, ovate-oblong, deeply concave, abruptly pointed
with a short, inrolled, truncate, toothed apex, the border entire, of 1-2
rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells; hyaline cells with fibril bands,
narrowly rhomboidal, on the outer side variable, pores few to numerous
in the ends and corners, or numerous pores along the sides, the inner
side with numerous round large pores in the corners and along the sides;
chlorophyll cells varying much in cross section from   round-triangular
with basal exposure to truncately elliptic or nearly rectangular with about
equal exposure on both sides of the leaf; hyaline cells convex on both
surfaces of the leaf but usually more so on the inner. Dioicous and
possibly monoicous also; perigonial leaves not differing from  the other
leaves except redder in color; perichaetial leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate
and often abruptly inrolled at apex. Capsules dark brown; spores yellow,
granular-roughened.
  DISTRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America.
  Florida: Leon, Liberty Counties. Apparently rare.
  Superficially this species resembles very closely S. tenerum. Both are
quite variable. S. meridense is distinguished in the field by its pinker
or redder color and the slightly larger and shorter pointed leaves. Micro-
scopically it is best distinguished by pores in the cortical cells of the stem
and the variation in the cross section of its branch leaves.

          Sphagnum tenerum Sull. & Lesq. PLATE 133
  Plants growing mostly in compact tufts in moderately dry habitats,
white to yellowish or tinged with pink. Stem yellowish-green to pink or
red; cortical cells of stem in 2-3 layers, large, thin-walled, the outer cells
quadrilateral or pentagonal, frequently as wide as long, without pores.
Stem leaves very large triangular-ovate, concave, inrolled toward apex,
border narrow above, of 2-3 rows of long, narrow, thick-walled cells;
hyaline cells long at base, shorter toward apex, with fibril bands through-
out, frequently divided, on the outer side with numerous elliptic pores
along the sides, becoming very large in the basal part of the leaf, on the
inner side with numerous large, round pores, 3-5 per cell. Branches in
fascicles of 4 or 5, 2 spreading, their cortical cells without fibril bands,
retort cells well developed with conspicuous necks. Branch leaves closely
overlapping, large, elongate-ovate, inrolled toward the apex, border entire,
of 2-3 rows of long, narrowly rhomboidal cells, on the outer side with
narrow elliptic pores along the sides, 6-15 per cell, on the inner side
with small pores in the ends of the cells in the apical region; chlorophyll
cells very small in cross section, narrowly triangular, trapezoidal, or almost




SPHAGNACEAE


133                  SPHAGsNACEAE          133


ellipsoidal, exposed on the itnner side, te lumoen teey smsall; hsaline cells
  covxon both~ surefaces. Molnoicos; pserigonial leates sintilar to the othee
leaves bot moresteongly tinged wth rt ed; perichactial leaves small, ovate,
ahruptls ocerowed to ao ioeollcsl paint. Feoitiog becoches slhoet. Capsoles
brown; spoees height sellow.
  DISvToIUTO: Florida: Gadsdeo, Leoo, ects, Liberts, Nassao,
Waltoo Coonties.
  Infrequent, io the noetheeo paet of the state eels.

            Sphagnum taulae Sell. PcxTE 133
 Plantos gensealls late ande compact, tellottish an whlite tinged twith light
 pinh to redc. Stemsomnonly selloweish; cortical cells in 2-4f layees, laege
 and thin-walled, ttithout paces. Stest leases lattg, often tending to he
 isophslloes, teith fiheil hands and ioes, atvate cod ahout twice as long
 as hroad, sensate, heaad teethed apex, the hoode v esv naeeaoe; hsalhe
 cells swith oe toithosuo fiheil hands, someetimses slitvidedl, the outtee wvalls
 without eesoeption gapss, the iner twalls restoehed into smtaller oe laeger
 gapsusuallIto sseeal peeel. Banhessusalsyshoe, in claselyspaced
 faseicles of 3 oc mace, ot celdifceentiates, tost of thsemt ascensding;
 coeticalells large,theetorctelssihacnsicuossseckh. Banhleavs
 closely te looely atverlapping to titreadittg 00 occasionalls sqttoe, atvate,
 deeply cocave attd emore or less itttolled thsraughoot, the aisex isroti-
 nently taottted; hboder of 1-2 casts of tees narraow, thichktealled, hsaline
 cells, distantis asns dlistinctis toothed; hs aline cells narrtwst Isrhohboisdal,
 on the outside awith narrowls elliptic paces close so fte sides, 3-13 pee
 cell,eonth-fosidettithsmtall poreshin the ends of the cells, rarels
 also to the side corners, wsith larger tpores close to the tides; chlono-
 phyllscllselatitelytstall   in  coss  section,  usuallteronded-
 toiangtular, ttith hroader expsue an thse insisde of the leaf; icyaliste cells
 cony strongly convex en the eaten side, woithoatesorption furerte some-
 times presens. Moenoicous; peigonial leatves eat diffeentiated except
 noticeahly reddish; perichaetial leates stmall, oat e-lanceolase so lanceolate,
 gradually long-apiculate, the apex ohtuse oc narrsswlyi teuncate, teethed.
 Capsules herown; spoes greenish-sellow, veey msinutly granolac.
 DISTRIBUTItON: Newfoundiand southtared as Alahamsa cod Floeida;
 also in Scotland and Norwaay.
 Florida: Clot, Deval, Jefferson, Liherty, Polh, Seminole, Taslor
Counties.
Rathee infeqgueno in the norihecn half of the peninsula, extending
into fle ecastero panhandle.


ellipsoisdal, exposed 00 the fencer side, the lssssen tees small; hy'aline cells
cnvecxonhboth sufaes. Monaicous; pcigonial leaves simidarto the other
leaves hot more steongly tinsgedl with red; pserchaetial leases smeall, ovate,
ahruptly narroed to an inrolled paint. Freiting hsanches chase. Capsules
hbrtwn; spaces hright sellow.
  DISeTRIUTION: Plorida: Gadsden, Lean, Less, Liheoty, Nassau,
Walton Counties.
  Infequeot, in the nohern pact of thc state ocnls.

            Sphagnum fauuaue Sell. PsLATE 133
  Plants generallals andlctmpac,svellotwishaorswhite tistgedswithslight
pink to cedi. Steetemattmols seslosisis; cortical cells in 2-4 lasecs, large
andi thitn-tealled, stitisoct paces. Stemt leases long, often tetsdinsg to he
isophsyllous, with fihril hands and paces, asvate and ahoet swice as long
as hroad, concave, hroad toothed apex, ftse hooder sees naccow; hyaline
cells with an without tihril hands, somtetimes ditvided, the outer twalls
weithoutocesarptoin gaps, thte fencer twalls resorhed into smsaller at larger
gapsusualsy I tosev-eral percell. Brancesusualsshort, inlsel spaed
fascicles of 3 cc nsore, coo ciearlt differensiased, tost of thoes ascending;
ectical sells large, tise retoct cells wicth a caotsiuouss stech. Branch leaes
closely oc looely ssverlappinsg to speadling oc occasioncally squarrose, atvate,
deeply sensate and moreecr less inrolled throutghout, ohs apex poi
nentls toothed; hbodec of 1-2 sates of sect nacrows, thich-twailed, hoyaline
cells, distantly and distinctls toothed; hy alins celts ttarowly Ishomhoidal,
on the outside wttih natrrosls elliptic poaces close to the sides, 5-10 pee
sell, ott the inside wttih smtall porcs sn the ensds of the cells, carels
also in oh e side cocners, with larger paces close to the sides; ehieca-
phylhosc   cells  celatisvelx  smsall in  cross  section,  usualls  counded-
toiangular, scich hroadcr exposue on the inside of thse leaf; itsalie sells
erey strongly consvex en the ouscr side, teith a resorption Pucerat seote-
timcs pressent. Moanoicous; pcritgenial leases not differentiated except
noticeahly redsdish; ierechascial leavs smsall, asvate-latteoalate to lacceolate,
gradualls long-apticulats, the apex otse or narrowely tessncate, teethed.
Capsules hbron; sporess greenishs-scllow, tees minutely granular.
DISeTIUTON: Newfoundland southward to Alahamna and Fiorida;
also in tScoln  andl Noraca.
  Florida:a Clay, Dutval, Jeffecon, Liheots, Polh, Semcinole, Tasloc
Counties.
Racher infequeno in the neohern half of the peninsula, extending
lno the eastero panhandle.


               SPHNaACoE             133

ellipsoidal, exposed en ohe ierse so'ice, the lumten sees small; hyaline cells
  cove  ha bth sucfacs. \Monoicous;pcigonialileavessimilasntothe oher
leaves hot nore stcongly tinged wtch ced; perichoaetial leases small, ovate,
aheuptly narrotwed to an inrolled paint. Pruiting hranches shoes. Capsulcs
hrown; spaces hoigho sellow'.
  DISTIUvTION: Florida: Cadsden, Lean, Less', Liheocs, Nassau,
Walton Countics.
  Infrequent, in the norohern pact of the state eels.

            Sphagnum faulfrc Sell. PLATE 133
  Plants generalllowancmtpact,ellosefshaortthie tingedltwith light
pinh no ced. Stems commonly s ellottish; cotical cells ic 2-4 lassers, large
and thic-walled, wtithao  porces. Steat leat co hng, often tending to he
isophyillaus, twith fihril hands ansi paces, ovate and ahout twicc as long
us hroad, coocave, hroad toothed apex, the hood en tees narrow; hy'alie
cells with an twithsout fihril handis, socotimes dieiided, the outer woails
weithoutecesonpton gaps, the iner sealls cesorhed into smsalen 00 larger
gaps,ttsually te several pere sell. Branches usualls short, its clsssels spaced
fasciles of 3 en orae, coo cleani' cliffceentiatedf, nsast of them asenooding;
sctical cells large, the retsrt sells wttih a conspicuous eeckh. Branch leaves
closly or loose atverlapp~ing to spreaing orcoccasionalls squaoaasc, asvate,
deeply cocaveand atone an leos ineollcd thrsooghoost, the apex prosmi-
nently toothed; horder of 1-2 casts of v ecy narowc, thich-twailed, hs alice
cells, distancty andsdistinctls toothed; hs almse cells narowly isrhomsoisdal,
on thc aosid- with narrowly elliptic paces close so the sides, 5-10 pee
sell, ont thse inside weith stmall paces in thse ends of the cells, rately
also in the side corncers, woith larger panes close o tse tides; chloro-
phyllose sc-ifs relativel sicmsall in croos sectons, ussuoails counsiesd-
tciangular, seiths hroader exposure 00 ohs iosisde of ohs lcaf; hy aline sells
very stconglyseonvex on the outerside,swith aesoptin furrosme    -
times pesnt. Mionoicous; perigonial leavcs cat differentiated except
oticeahly rcddish; pcrichaetial lcavs csmall, asvate-lanceolace to lanccalat,
gradualls long-apiculatc, the apcx ohtusc an narrow ly tcuncate, teethed.
Capsules herown; spoes greenish-sellow, tees mtinutely granular.
DISTnIBUTON Newfoundland saohard to Alcaama and Fiorida;
also in Scotland cod Nonewat.
Florida: Clot, Detvci, Jefferson, Liheots, Polh, Scminole, Taplor
Counties.
Rather icnequeno in the neohern half of the peninsula, extending
ico the easoteot panhandle.















134                   MOSSES OF FLORIDA

                         ADDITIONS
  Crum and Anderson have recently reported four species which are
new records for the state. Collection data are included here for com-
pleteness, but the information was received too late to add descriptions
and plates. Fortunately all are included in various other floras.

   1. Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe
      On clay bank, small stream near Fountain, Bay County. # 13717.

   2. Dicranum scoparium Hedw.
      On sand, Santa Fe River, O'Leno State Park, Columbia County.
      #13644.

   3. Amblystegiella confervoides (Brid.) Loeske
      On limestone, Florida Caverns State Park, Marianna, Jackson
      County. #13688.

  4. Thuidium pygmaeum BSG
      On shaded limestone, Florida Caverns State Park, Marianna, Jack-
      son County. #13692.


134


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


134


MOSSES OF FLORIDA


                         ADDITIONS
  Crum and Anderson have recently reported four species which are
new records for the state. Collection data are included heere for com-
pleteness, but the information was received too late to add descriptions
and plates. Fortunately all are included in various other floras.

   1. Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe
      On clay bank, small stream near Fountain, Bay County. #13717.

   2. Dicranum scoparium Hedw.
      On sand, Santa Fe River, O'Leno State Park, Columbia County.
      #13644.

   3. Amblystegiella confervoides (Brid.) Loeske
      On limestone, Florida Caverns State Park, Marianna, Jackson
      County. #13688.

  4. Thuidium pygmaeum BSG
      On shaded limestone, Florida Caverns State Park, Marianna, Jack-
      son Counts. #13692.


                         ADDITIONS
  Crum and Anderson have recently reported four species which are
new records for the state. Collection data are included heere for coon-
pleteness, but the information was received too late to add descriptions
and plates. Fortunately all are included in various other floras.

   1. Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe
      On clay bank, small stream near Fountain, Bay County. #13717.

   2. Dicranum scoparium Hedw.
      On sand, Santa Fe River, O'Leno State Park, Columbia County.
      #13644.

   3. Amblystegiella confervoides (Brid.) Loeske
      On limestone, Florida Caverns State Park, Marianna, Jackson
      County. #13688.

  4. Thuidium pygmaeum BSG
      On shaded limestone, Florida Caverns State Park, Marianna, Jack-
      son County. #13692.




















Plate Section


Plate Section


Plate Section


  Unless otherwise indicated in the plates, all figures are appiroximnately
x283.
  Mlagnifscations of figures on pslates of Spshagna, 125-133, prepared by
Dr. Blonisquist, are estimated at x235 for camnera lucida figures.


Unsless otherwise indiscated in the platso, all figures are approximsately
x283.
  Mlagnifications of figuires on pslateo of Sphagsna, 125-1 33, prepasredl hy
Dr. Blonsoquist, are estimsatrd at x2 35 for camera lucisda figures.


Unss othserwise indicated ins thse pslates, all figures are aptproximsatel
ax283.
  Mlagificaiso sf figssresos plates of Sphtagna, 125-133, isrepsared by
Dr. lllosssqsiost, are estinsatesd at x235 for catnera luisssa figuires.




PLATE 1


PLATE 1 PLATE 1PLT1


PLATE 1


                                            7                           7K













                                                     4                                                                                           4










   3                                                                3                                                                3



1i3                                                                             I



4 xo so                 I«o                                                                                                                  4  30 so ii .

                    Fkidoodbi0~1 lof  2  o~  00;  .  010000.L  o t~~o~3.poiooo  i~dodbii~1.iol  2  oo  o~o  .  oooooo.F  oootooi~  .p0i0000 1l~od~o  dhli  1 lo;  .  o1  po;  .poioooo  P  oo~ot  oo~3.poiloo
        ood~ooo.F~~ot~o5I1;.11pooF~o~1iothido~7.oo~poo  oodp~.~oootoo5.f;611ooo.~odtho27.oofpoo             opoo, P.  001p 5 lof; . kf ooo.P. dhothodoo7. oO po,


Fissidens debilis: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 4. peristome. F. n, teensis: 3. peristome
  and spores. F. cristatus: 5. leaf; 6. leaf apex. F. ali.,rrtlwides: 7. leaf apex.


Fissidens debilis: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 4. peristome. F. manateensis: 3. peristome
  and spores. F. cristatus: 5. leaf; 6. leaf apex. F. adianthoides: 7. leaf apex.


Fissidens debilis: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 4. peristome. F. manateensis: 3. peristome
  and spores. F. cristatus: 5. leaf; 6. leaf apex. F. adianthoides: 7. leaf apex.



PLATE 2


PLATE 2 PLATE 2PAE2


PLATE 2


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Fissidens kegelianus: 1. female plant; 2. male plant; 3, 4. leaf apices; 5. leaf
  base; 6. peristome.


Fisdn   keeins  .fml plant; 2. mal plant; 3, 4. leaf apices; 5. leaf


Fissidens kegelianus: 1. female plant; 2. male plant; 3, 4. leaf apices; 5. leaf
  base; 6. peristome.










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Fisiodns repdus: 1.9 feaeifoecne              .ml      nlrsec;3            ef     .la
    pe . halii:] 5. leaf; 6. base of vagioooo lamina; 7. base of dorsal lamina
  8. leaf apex; 9. capsule.


Fissidnsrpandus .t femaleoifloreseoo; 2.mleiforescence; 3.tleaf;4.lef
  apex. F. halii: 5. toaf; 6. base of oogoooot laminao; 7. baseo of dorsallaminao;
  8.leafopexo;9. cpsul.


Fissidens repandus: 1. foemole iloscenc; 2. maolo infloresoooce; 3. teaf; 4. toof
  apex. F. haiit; 5. leaf; 6. baseo of vogtolamin; 7. base of dorsal laminao;
  8. leaf apexo; 9. capsul.




PLATE 5


PLATE 5 PLATE 5PL                                                             E


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  Poi o, Otifolius  1. leaves; 2. leaf apex2; 3. margino of vaginant lamina.
F. rav' eii /24.0 lf;5. la aopx; 6marginof vaginanot lami;7. peichatial
lea.F. garber2 81 ea;9.lea a~pex; 10. marginof vaginat lamina.


10


                    .2                                                            10


Fisido obs,,,folins: 1. levs 2. leaf apex0; 3. magin ofvginant lain.
  F     '/,i     4. lef; 5 lef ape; 6. magin ofvginat lain; 7prio,212o
  leaf. F.,: /oberi: 8. foof; 9. leaf apex; 10, mar~gin of vaginant 1lamina.


Fio,idoosobt-ifolio,: 1. leaves; 2. leaf apoo; 3. marogin, of vaginan~t lamin..
  F. raveneli 4lef;5.lf px; 6o, mgi ofvginanotlain; 7prihaetil
  laF. gaberi 8.lea;9 .   leaf apx; 10.magi of vginatlamin.



PLATE 6PLT                                                               6PAE6


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of va;ginan;t La6.;.. F. exiitu car fal>6666.665 e1af; 6. 1eaf apex.; 7. margn
of va6gnant 16ami6a; 8, 9, leaf hborderabv vainn lamina; 10. lea bas...


of vaginan 66 16.6. F. exiguus;. 6ar. fa.lcatulus: 5. leaf; 6. leaf 6pex; 7. margin6



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Fissilens polypodioides: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. median marginal leaf cells.
F. subbasilaris: 4. leaf; S. leaf apex. F. taxifolius: 6. leaf; 7. leaf apex.


Fissidens polypodioides: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. median marginal leaf cells.
F. subbasilaris: 4. leaf; 5. leaf apex. F. taxifolius: 6. leaf; 7. leaf apex.


Fissidens polypodioides: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. median marginal leaf cells.
F. subbasilaris: 4. leaf; 5. leaf apex. P. taxifolius: 6. leaf; 7. leaf apex.



PLATE 9


PLATE 9 PLATE 9PLT9


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Fissidens radicans: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex. F. donnellii: 3. leaf; 4. leaf apex; 5. margin
of vaginant lamina. F. pellucidus: 6. leaf; 7. leaf apex; 8. leaf base.


Fioojdoooodooo~ .1oof2.1ooopoo.~dooooO~O.1of;4.oofopo;9.,o~io Fsoidooooradicans: 1.leaf; 2.leafoapex.F. donnlii:.lef; 4.lefpx; . magin  iod~~-doo~11o;.otpo.~oo1i~.of41ooo;.oi
ofoo~giooot~oooh~.F~pofloidon 6.oof;7.1ofopoo;8.oofbo~o.of vagiooot lamoina. F. pellucidus: 6. leaf; 7. leaf apex; 8. leaf base.ofogot o6o..pfoido6.lf;7bOop;8.o oo


Fissidens radicans: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex. F. donnellii: 3, leaf; 4. leaf apex; 5. margin
of vaginant lamina. F. pellucidus: 6. leaf; 7. leaf apex; 8. leaf base.




PLATE 10


PLAT  10     0 OT 10PLATE 10


PLATE 10


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4. leae3  i.,,  leaf0 a.pex;  . a  base  7.00  3.ol plant 8,. clptra;loo 9.s oes. 0o  ,hloobo1h 0  bo;2  ,0 oo;0  ,0bo.Pb,~doo, oboo~; Abio,,b~O; 1  00  .bO oo;3.bO bo.P~~d~o ohbbo


4. bo,.,; 0 boO000; 6.boO  oo, 7.0001  plot; 8 OJpooo  9.opott.  4  bo,,,;Sbo4. leaves;o  boi;.7 leaf apex; 6..oby lea9.ftobase4;b 7.o;Iwholepo;p6lantb;o;87.,calyptra;8. ob9.oosp.ores.o


Archl.h,,;, hailli: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. leaf base. Pleuridium subulatum:
4. leaves; i. leaf apex; 6. leaf base; 7. whole plant; 8. calyptra; 9. spores.





















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Archidiouo chicense: . entireplant; 2. leaf; 3. leaf base; 4. perichaetinm. A. fiorl-
danum:~ 5. stemleaves; 6. peichaotia leave; 7. oatheidial branch; 0. capsule;
9. leaf base. A. oatoooifolium: 10. leaf base; 11. lower stem leaf; 12. tipper stemo
leaf.


At, hidlii,,o ooioense 1. entire plant; 2. leaf; 3. leaf base; 4. perichaeiomo. A. flori-
,i N'zrm  5.stem leave; 6. peihotil leave;7.atheidil branh; 8.apsl;
9. leaf base. A. alternifoluooo: 10. leaf bose; 11. lowero stem leof; 12. 0p030 stem0
leaf.


Aoohilijrooeoobojo-oo  1. entireplant;2. lef; 3.lef bae;4. p richatio. A. flor-
do,, ",o 5.0st00 beaves; 6. perichacialboleove; 7. antheridial branch; 8. capsule;
9. leof base. A. alternifoliooo 10. boaf base; 1b. lowero stem beof; 12. upper s1te0
leaf.



PLATE 12






















          3 s0


PLATF 12









               f













       2     30


PLATE 12










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     2 -3o


Arehidiurn longifolium: 1. entire plant; 2. leaf; 3. capsule, perichaetial leaf, and
spores; 4. leaf apex; 5. median marginal leaf cells; 6, leaf base; 7. spore.


Arehidium lougifolium: 1. entire plant; 2. leaf; 3. capsule, perichaetial leaf, and
spores; 4. leaf apex; 5. median marginal leaf cells; 6. leaf base; 7. spore.


Archidium lougifolium: 1. entire plant; 2. leaf; 3. capsule, perichaetial leaf, and
spores; 4. leaf apex; 5. median marginal leaf cells; 6. leaf base; 7. spore.



PLATE 13


PLATE 13 PLATE 13                             PAE1


PLATE 13


J2


6.30


Il       2







      2


1 6 x 3


2


3


3


6 .30


              I . so








                             7 .3o









   I


                       jr10






Brei   avnli 1. enireplan; 2. toma fromcapsulewall; 3.ores1. . sll-
   ani;4. capsule;5. spoe. B.donnllii: 6. leaf; 7. casuleo; 8. calyptra;
 9. spors; 10. leafapex.


5





















43~o


7 oo









        10


1~ sos








               7 . 30



         09








         110


4 20


Bruchia ravensl: 1. enires plant; 2. psts fsomt capsule wall; 3. sporss. B. sulit-
vatttii: 4. catpsul; 5. spors. B. dotnssIlit 6. letf; 7. capsutle; 8. calyptra;
9, spors; 10. leaf apex.


Brtciatsttsottlti: 1. etire plant; 2. stomas ftomt capsule wall; 3. spots. B. stulli-
vtii:tt 4. casuls; 5. spores. B. donnellii: 6. leaf; 7. capsutls; 8. calyptra;
9. sporss; 10. leaf aptx.



           PLATE 14

















A I


PLATE 14


PLATE 14


         ilL
C



    ~' 2


Q


1 .30


6   il


Q#20


iL


I2I    1 .30


9


4 K


0;


r'


        i1









                                       ~                                7 .30
                        UO8 .30




Bruchi  doouoooldi  1. perichaetial leaf, capsule, and  alyptra; 2. spores; 3. cel
  at shoulderof lf; 4.lf px; . leafbase. . olin:6.laf; 7.apsule
  and ealyptra; 8. antheridial hud; 9. spores.


6 , 30


6 .30


           lit 1









                                                   7.30      l I
                                  8   .3 so




Oooohia druminooodii: 1. perkhaotiol leaf, capsul, and  alyptra; 2. spores; 3. cde
  at sholderof leaf; 4. leaf apex; 5. lefbase . B. caoine   6. leaf; 7. capsule
  and ealyptoa; 8. antheridial hud; 9. spores.


                 '-7 .30

                                  8 .30



Bruc~hia dron~ dii: 1. perichootiol leaf, capsul, and 00lyptr3; 2. sp0r0s; 3. cell
  at shouldrofleaf; 4.leafpe;. leafbas.1B. clina:6.     laf;7.  apsule
  and ealyptra; 8. antheridial hod; 9. spores.



PLATE 15


PLATE 15 PLATE 15                           PAE1


PLATE 15


I





   III 1
14








oc'- of
     o
     ,c

 00 e
 4p1 3


I

I


   j
I'I







Jo   .
a



0 qK
oa°o

CI°c


Li


bas; 5. cpsul and clypt a; 6. anuu; 7.pristom  teeth; 8. pores.


Trematodon longicollis: 1. leaves; 2. leaf apex; 3. cells at shoulder of leaf; 4. leaf
base; 5. capsule and calyptra; 6. annulus; 7. peristome teeth; 8. spores.


Trematodon longicollis: 1. leaves; 2. leaf apex; 3. cells at shoulder of leaf; 4. leaf
base; 5. capsule and calyptra; 6. annulus; 7. peristome teeth; 8. spores.








6122ca2=
2       c-
       12                -1-





       22

















       ms--






















2c    o~ -





   121       t2       OF


















6o7112



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                           "s-ds -L !-.Isnad "9
!-jdljea c !ajnsdpa L !aseq p j -S !xade Leal -Z !saneaj "I :-np!jjnd ¢unxppp(--ds "L !-.jsvad "q


!-Wj- 'c !ainsd- "j, !aseq feaj "  !xade Ieaj z !saneaj "t :xunjnjjnd zungau7FQ


MOO( ),



      9


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        s




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  I

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4 ui


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sr= 91


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I~~~~~~Uc Ff i  T FVdL[ V


:I aLVId


LI a.LV'ld



PLATE 18


PLATE 18


     Ip     1
 I
    6


          I   I

       1I I^U A 11 I'd

       i1L n  >4'll ry 1
              Ol 4VM nl
        I ilr ) IPI llhV ID a11(

  n   1 P91 hi >Yp/ lllllul mwt li
I        JAI  a vF b f.ill


Y           gym.
  '   III
    II

  _. s


              11,
                 I


        II    IA 1 M
        Vi n,  ry"lau
              Y'1 4¢M ~1

        Rh   T uum m1  11f
             Yp/~OIEPo,  wll
 ql R  II !y    nrfsn

 ail   n  I   y


PLATE 18






    16


  ) 11
It6 hf 1
II IIJ8'  I~i
q faP ll


1 .30


2.30


1 .30


j2 .o


1 .30


023


Il


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5


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14   30


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Qi


°14 30


                   15           3o


                 o15 o00









Dicranella herrninieri 1.leaf; 2. capsule; 3.leaf bae 04.leaf apex; 5.medianmr
08ina1 1eaf cells; 6. annulus; 7. peristomeo teeth and4 spores. D. hilariana:8 8. leaves;
9. leaf apex; 10. meodian margialleaf cells; 11. capsule; 12. spores1; 13. annulu;
14. calyptra; 15. archegonial bud.


     115 .



                         15o0








    Dcael  enier:1.lea; 2.cpsule; 3. lefbs; 4. lfapx; 5.  mdianma-
ginalleaf cell; 6.annuls; 7. pistometthand spores. D.Mariana:8. leave;
9.1leaf apex; 10. mdian marginal leafcells; 11. capsule; 12. spores0; 13. annulus;
14. calypota; 15. archegonial hud.


                             15 .30




      8 .3o'     DJo 0          o0





Dicranellherminieri 1. leaf; 2.capsule1; 3.1leafhbase;4, leaf ape; 5. mdian mar-o
ginal 11eaf cells; 6. annulus; 7. peristome0 teeth and spores1. D. hilaroooo8 8. 1leaves;
9. leaf apex; 10. meodian marginal leaf cells; 11. capsule; 12. spores; 13. annu1lus;
14. calyptoa; 15. archegonial hud.




           PLATE 19  (











300


           PLATE 19
















010





















         e        11 , ,J5  .3o


    y,


4 x 30


                  PLATE 19























I0~





   10








                               5 x 3o


4 .3o


Dicranell sphaoeooopa 1. lae;2. leaf apex; 3. peristome and spores; 4. cap-
  sule. D. varia S. leaf; 6. capsule, 7. spores. D. heteomallo 8t;. leaf; 9. capsule;
  10. spores; 11. antheridial bud.


Diooanella sphaocaroopa 1. leaves; 2. leaf apex; 3. perisome~ and spores; 4. cap-
  sule. D. varia: 5. leaf; 6. capsule; 7. spores. D. heteomaloob: 8. leaf; 9. capsule;
  10. spores; 11. antheridial bud.


Dicranello paeocarpa:.leav; 2.   lafpx; 3.  pistomead pores; 4. cp-
  sule. D. varia: 5. leaf; 6. capsule; 7. spores. D. heoteomalla:b 8. leaf; 9. capsule;
  10. spores; 11. antheridial hud.




PLATE 20


~~~~~~PLATE 20  lTF2                                                  LOL0


PLATE 20


0
  0 0


0l-u2

00 (2


       0
    o 022
    o20





              2


1 .15


Q


oa >0K0


       0




         2 Q






1 .150


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           4~


   II







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P


4


     0222
     oo0

 22O,5
O.02
   82


JI7


0 00


4


IKjlf


0   0



28


Camplpsartocarpus 1. lea;2. crss eto of222 cost; 3.22medinmaginl lef
  cell; 4. lfap; i.larrgion.C. flxuous:6.lev; 7.lf px; 8. cross
  22,5622ofcost.


Csospylop- arctocarpus: 1. leaf; 2. cross202 secio of2ost; 3. median22 marginal leaf
  cells; 4. leaf 2apex; 5. alar52region. C.   2222ou  6. 1eaves; 7. 1eaf apex; 8. cross
  secion of cost.


                       DO                             I 6.15


                                 0             I








(sspslops arctocarpus: 1. lef; 2. cross1 secionofcosa;3.5 mdian22margina11leaf
  cells; 4. eaf    p;. larregio .. fl222s:6.lee; 7.  lafpx; 8.  cross
  2ection5of2cost.



r_


'
                  _ __
.y


     -c      -- --


>


_              -
             -    -_
x           h


        - -


>    czr



PLATE 22


61 16 22                      PLATE 22                                   P9F2


PLATE 22


I


4


2 .15


i


/


4


5 i


l


I
I


I n




n

4


1 .15


1 x15


1 .15


58 .15


5 .15


5 . 15


8 iS


9 .15


I


U


6 .15


6 .15


6 .15.


8


8


8


1eaf cell; 4.1leaf apes; 5. arhe.gonial bud. C. donneIllii: 6. leavs; 7. alar regissn;
8. me2dian leaf cells; 9. antheridial bud4.            8ssi~lsf11,      .11hhlill


Cam~pylpus gracilicaulis: 1. leve; 2.11 leaf from coma tusft; 3. medianssmarginhl


  Capyops railicau5lis: 1. 1eaves; 2. leaf from2 comal tuft; 3. smedian, marginal1
leaf cell; 4.leaf apex.;. ahgoniabd. C. donnllii: 6. leave; 7. ala11rgion;
8.,median, leaf cells; 91. anther1idial1bud.



PLATE 23


PLATE 23 PLATE 23                                     EIE2


PLATE 23


  r    I'

'9?


                 Ofa




       4c-En  n 1 jj '  12








                       338


           4

        12nI


           /,/1{~
              jI .12/



                                1 ;1 P 1



                              C









D j~icrn codnau  .la; .la  pe;3 einmrinllafcls

   4.~~ ~ ~ ~ ce3 utaoeaa  ein  ercsa  .aa  ein  .cpue  .anls
        8. sores 9. eet  of  erisom9


   31~                    /        .1


          Qnn//n6 3~ 2







     v/I










8. . 12


Dicranum condensatum: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. median marginal leaf cells;
4. cells just above alar region, near costa; 5. alar region; 6. capsule; 7. annulus;
8. spores; 9. teeth of peristome.



                        PLASTE 24














                                         0







                 2 .1          ~    .5          0


       1 .15





















          6 . 15                7



Leucobryums glaucum: 1. leaf; 4. crs etosf leaf base. Octoblepharum albi-

   tin fleaf bse; 8. peitm and spors.


                      PLASTE 24















                                       5I



                                       0         r
































      Luoru gluu:1. leaf; 4. crs  eto  f leaf bse. Octoblepharum albi-
dum: 2. calyptra; 3. casl;5.stoma from cpsule wal; 6. lae;7. cossc
tion fleaf bs; 8. pestomeanspors.


                        PLATE 24










                                 OC










                                        0
                 2 .15          3    1


       1 .15

























Leucobryum,, glaucum:, 1. leaf; 4. crss scion of leaf bse. Oetoblepharum~ albi-
          dur: 2 caypta; . cpsue; . somafro  csule wall,4; 6. leaves; 7. cossc
  tion of lea base; 8, peripsoead prs



PLATE 25


PLATE 25


PLATE 25


1U1


           cm              1                                                         .1  4  15

o(                                                       o                                                     0

                                                . X15                                                      .1





                                    6                                                       6



















               "lO                        7                                              .5 7                      LE C) 7

 I 10                        0                                                                                     'C CrO 11 d 4 . 1+~l
 r 4Th,19 ¢o                                          r~ar8 l  ((881                                               88(1 l  s(¢0c

 0,1 57((                                             - II( O                                                      1h '


oflae;6, 7. crs setosof leaf; 8. pestomes tooth.


Leucobryums,, albidum:, 1. leavs; 2. capsule; 3. clyptr; 4. pos~ ; 5. cosscin


Lesssshsyu,, albidum:, 1. leavess; 2. capsul; 3. calyptra; 4I. spores; 5. cosscin
       olevs6,7crss stiosflef;8. pistome toth.



PLATE 26


PLATE 26 PLATF 26                                             P6E2


PLATE 26


       At'>

> .2


00


       >7
       II

     (7

     K~.
         '0


5'        /
              cC
              .<'>0>77


,


1 .


11


766>  2

   ucIg


   KI.r




s'>


K


r.


11            I   I


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  .7>7


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     7
i9


11


0r


>0 9


  o       <22



I no r (90>.


10  0 c lO


  ott h-          o
           J, to






71> QYU


10         00°


5                    9



   66





   0i


10<       0'


(alynp<.>cnashii: 1. lae;2. cross~ seco  oflef; 3. lea magna hudr
4. median leaf magn  5. prpgln  C. rihardii: 6. leave; 7. lea  apex; 8.me
dinlaP   ari;9 ea  agnatsole;10  rs  ecino ea;1.po


  Cayp «e ahii 1. lae;2. crsssctono af >; 3. lea margin at shou.ldera;
4.aamedialaf agi;5. ppaguluma.C. ich6ardii6.lave; 7. lfapex; 8. m-
dianlafargin;9lafmarginat shulde; 1. cros ecio o laf; 11. pro-
pagak.


(;taaapjaeasanashhu: 1. lavesa; 2. croseion of leaf; 3. leat argin at shoualder;
4.medita leafmgi;5. propagluma. C. riardii 6.lav;7. af apx;.am-
dian leaf magin; 9. lefarginat sholder; 10.osssetion of laf;11. pr-
pagala.



PLATE 27


PLATE 27


PLATE 27


C


C


2


~


2


,r

iff





3


Cl1 12


3


2


4 ,t


        1'-7-4>



        -q
        V
7    4
        ti
     ~1q


~->~ ~A+~

        '.7-> -17 ,ft
        tAil
           -7>
    ~>


',>4 I >4ll


7


   if- V

   -44 >77

   77-4>7>

   '-> +4
C       K


6


6


G


Calymperes erosum: 1. leaves; 2. cross section of leaf; 3. leaf margin at shoulder.
C. donnellii: 4. leaf and leaf apex; 5. cross section of leaf; 6. leaf margin at
shoulder; 7. leaf base.


Calymperes erosum: 1. leaves; 2. cross section of leaf; 3. leaf margin at shoulder.
C. donnellii: 4. leaf and leaf apex; S. cross section of leaf; 6. leaf margin at
shoulder; 7. leaf base.


Calymperes erosum: 1. leaves; 2. cross section of leaf; 3. leaf margin at shoulder.
C. donnellii: 4. leaf and leaf apex; 5. cross section of leaf; 6. leaf margin at
shoulder; 7. leaf base.


PLATE 28


PLATE 28 PLATE 28                                               PAE2


PLATE 28


1 .12


II


S 12


6        )I~


  II




2.12


3 .12


       0
         S


1 . 12


III1


8,12


O
    R


     ooa0  0  a° 8  0D00


2Qo                       DOoQ

                               o° °a 00 0


   L Oogo  0007837  ~ j

 w~oo  

 }AKD
 U~O°D                           8
 oBooU200000
                                 00

  a0I! o~            13            9

8,.o   D   °11111118


Syrrhopodon incompletus: 1. leaves; 2. capsule with calyptra; 3. capsule with oper-
  cumm; 4. peristome and spores; 5. leaf apex; 6. median leaf cells; 7. basal cells;
  8, 9. cross sections of leaf.



PLATE 29


P~~kIF 29 PLATE 29                                          PAE2


PLATE 29


      cit








4           C-.,


                 itQ
            j   o

              I o   2


11 ititici


                  <~ (itagog
             < 0              o g
   1.2 1o 2                o"Od
                       oi 5M

2<           t i7            °


00

   0 000
      Ottl



  titsSC

        <3


             it





             5  .12

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10          t.1 o S

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O



    00
      6
      0t a


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      622 o060

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10il I a 4 I  ic
             5& .12

      9         ooao4


a
a
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   9-.00


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0


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      III t >
           9        .12 ci


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        q21%


7


7


7


Smrh22111l gal1,1262211  1. leave; 2. 1e21 apex; 3. 1e1f base; 4. cross1section1of
  laf S. 1121211   5. leaves; 6. c1211 sect12on of leaf; 7. 1eaf base; 8. propagula;
  9.1leaf apex; 10. capsule2.


Syr2h2p2.12l gaudichaudii: 1. levs 2. 1ea2 apex; 3. lea base; 4. cross1sect2on2o
leaf. S. texanus:1 5. leaves; 6. cross s2ecton of lea; 7. 1eaf base;3 2. propagula;
  9.1leaf2apex; 10. caple1I.


Syrrhopodonl gll.212l11dii: 1. leaves; 2. 121f 2p2x; 3. 1eaf base; 4. cro1s sec9t2on of
  leaf. S. texanus: 5. 1e12e1; 6. cross.sect1on of 1eaf; 7. 1eaf bas2; 8. prpagla;
  9. lea 1ape.; 10. cap1112.



PLATE 30


PLAIF 333 PLATE> 30                        F~E3


PLATE 30


rI ~I


1 . 12


IC5  77

   777$7













 77


1 .12


                       000o~a I 4

                '700   ro~


          0)oD
       C) O> _ _ _               p 1 I










Syrropodon igultus: 1. lea;2.leaf pex 3. lebae 4. osssto of leaf;
5. propagulumo. S. prolifer: 6.leaves; 7.lef apex; 8. leafbase; 9, cros setioof
leaf.


o   -     o
o G~ DOo n c 0<.


47 G oo2


p       Q


O0<

D 4 Dol


Syrrhlopodono ligulatus: 1. koaveo; 2. leaf apex; 3. leaf bose; 4. cos section of leaf;
5. popaogobooo, S.poli3fer:6 leaves; 7. leaf apex; 8.leaf base;9. crossioof3
1leaf.


So'oohopodon 33gulatoo: 1. leaves; 2. leaf apex; 3. leafEoase; 4. cosseon of leof;
5. propagoboum. S. polife: 6. leaves; 7. leaf apex; 3. leaf base; 9. cossooection of
leaf.



PLATE 31


PLATE 31


PLATE 31


o 2                                      0             10                                                                        0 l

                               ;    D                              Dh                                                             D           o5





                      6                                                                   6g                                                             6
         4



            .12    0                                   1   12            0         0 °   7                            1  12             0    ° 10 0 ° Q







            5 7dCOO                                                             o                                                               OO


Syrrhopodan parasiticus: 1. leaf; 2. leaf with propagula; 3. leaf apex; 4. median
  marginal cells of leaf; 5. cross section of leaf; 6. propagula; 7. leaf base.


Syrrhopodon parasiticus: 1. leaf; 2. leaf with propagula; 3. leaf apex; 4. median
  marginal cells of leaf; 5. cross section of leaf; 6. propagula; 7. leaf base.


Syroo   aaiicus 1. lea; 2. leaf with prpgl;3 ef px  .mda






















Q C



  000 D

  00 ]67"'








  000- > 7




PLATE 33


PLATE 33


PLATE 33


  2  so                                      2 o     \1    '2                                                 o D aD iss























7                                          7                                          7 7

                       6                                          6                                          6


Splachnobryum obtusurn: 1, 2. upper leaves; 3. basal leaf; 4, 5. leaf apices; 6. base
of leaf; 7. propagula on stun.


of leaf; 7. prpgl onstm


Splachnobryum obtusum: 1, 2. upper leaves; 3. basal leaf; 4, 5. leaf apices; 6. base
of leaf; 7, propagula on stem.



PLATE 34


PLATE 34 PLATE 34                                                             lTE3


PLATE 34


-V


  -A II

    Th 'A



 N, 1
4' t f


N


1    o


1  .3o


1  .o


           ~0
           K

           >o")r


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6


10



       -N  A




                 N   -


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10           '/
             7   ..s


          10



                 't--7            tt3

      OA



A                                    9AA A


J        11


11  ..0


8


Hyoioll tortula: 1. laf; 2. leaf apex; 3. leaf bas; 4. propagulum. Lisierello
  brbla 5. peristeme ad sp00ors6. annulu;7.1lef;8.1leapex; 9.1lef bas;
  10. coss3IO secio   oea blad; 11. capsule0 adocayptra.


Oflophila torulA: 1. loaf; 2. leof apex; 3, Alea base; 4. propagulum. Luisella
  barbula: 5. perisomeooand sores;6.onnulu;7.laof;8. leafapex; .lef bas;
  10. cross     )0 seto  flafblade; 11. capsule and calyptra.


l1)0710la tortula: 1. leaf; 2. 100f apo-o; 3. laf base; 4. propagulum. Luiso~ierla
  barbulo:  . prioeadp6os;.alu;3lefo8plaf3pe;l       9lafbas;
  10. cross sectio of laf blode; 11. capsueonb clpta



         v A

     J 004 2

oO.-O 00-_-0 . A .
      00         y
   0000990
       009






     88 q .o
   _ 9oo00^
     o0000000
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            _~t0~


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97

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08008  O<- I


0009000000000 08992880


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07>0000000 oS 000 00 40
000009 00 00890


C



PLATE 36


PLATE 36    SE PLAT 36        P 173


PLATE 36


         Q                                  I

                            II





             III3.30



     3                   3 I"'            32 I.











         1                                 7


                                if           AtI 1
         I o        I J IiiIr'        J'7.
     6         FA          6I                6 1 I y I



  5 ..s             5  I        7< soK 5,




        7        6       7        8        7

 1. levs 2..la16pex2..medan ell; 4 11al;el4. bclaiu11-tc.la1u6: 1 leves 2.lea apx; . mdia cels;4. asa c1ls. Eucadim 1ricflatm: . lave;.2 lef1aex;3. 1edin cl .s64.basl clls
6um  3.1 leave;6. lea6aex  7. median1lea cell;8.6basal  Gy,;16tomu . c l'63u  . lea; 6. lea pex7 .dianlafll; .basl  Gymnoso6;,  ca663 um  3.leve; 6. lea6aex  7.6me1anle1  cels; 8. basal


56626216,  6  6,6633666666
  Gy 63666mcaca



PLATE 37


PLATE 37 PLATE 37                                                      PAE3


PLATE 37


hi


ill  tl  I !a





       2        1

                        2133II


  6 '/I n$   3


"I      II7+   i

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- k
o l -7 1


   I     1   J   12




     3 x1







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6
               1 1x12



             Imo. ; 7


t


1


     '111.2



1 x1











        II                                                              I


(I.


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51


57


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4S7




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7 1 337


8


8


8


9


Desmatodon3 garberi: 1. entire3p1ant; 2. 1eaf; 3. capsu13; 4. 1eaf 3apex; 5. 13af base;
  6.1pe3istomeand1pores. D. linthobius: 7. leaf; 8. 1eaf3apex; 9.1leaf base;
  10. media111 margi1na1 cells.


Desatdo g311rberi:33 1. entire plant; 2. 1eaf; 3. capsu1e; 4. lea 3a3ex; 5. 131361ase;
  6. pe1istome a3nd spores. D. pliathobius: 7. 1331; 3. 133f 1333; 9. 13af base;
  10. median ma3131n31 cells.


6. peri113313 and spores. D. p1lthobius 7. 13af; 8. 1313 17pex; 9. 131f 6as3;
10. me31113 ma313ina1 3131s.



PLATE 38


PEXTE 33                                     PLATE 38                                                             PAE3


PLATE 38


2 .3o


      I II'
      1  1
Iln III%' i l
   I

 11 I I II I
   I I


4


1 .30


"I


       I

oh i j 3 3 I




5 3       3



83.


1 .30


1 .30


III h III  .



     \1
  III II 1Y6 .30


I  I J 1












8


83


S 16 .3o


1 6 ,3o


Weissa coe -vrsa:1.lea; 2.     capsuedand alyp,; 3. pristomedad spore;
  4.leafbase; 5.1 lef a. .Trwl-tom  /jamacense 6. lea; 7. leaf base3; 8. leaf


Weisia~3 controversa: 1.1leaf; 2.3capsu1e3an cal33t33; 3.1peristome and spore;
  4. 1eaf base3; 5. leaf apex Trichosto-nn jaaiee 6. 1333; 7. 1eaf 33ase; 8. 1eaf


Weisi controversa:,,~ 1. 1eaf; 2. capsule and3 calyptra; 3.3pe33stome and spores;
  4. 1333 base; s. 13a3 apex .Trichostommjamaicense: 6.leaf; 7.leaf base; 8.1leaf




PLATE 39


PLATE 39


~1 , so














D S


2















/ooo oo




Uv


  S2







                                 4






          0o~


1 .3 /30~~


30


         PLATE 39










\ 2















   00002


7 .30


6 .3o


7 .o


(I -i

U)UU


6 .o


7 .3o


6 .o


   Astmumludricanu: 1 cpsl anodperichaetial lef; 2. pores;3.lef pe;
4. leaves; 5. leaf base.A. muhlenobergianum: 6. capsule; 7. leaves.


Asomum luhdorician :1. capsule and perichatial leaf; 2. spores; 3.leaf pe;  I poopooto~;.po;.ofp
  4. leaves 1obooAohobogoo~6oo~l;7looo                                   .Ioo; S. leaf base. A. muhlenbergianum:o 6. capsule;77.1leaves


Astomum ludovicianum: 1. capsule and perichaetial leaf; 2. spores; 3. leaf apes;
  4. leaves; 5. leaf base. A. muhlenbergianum: 6. capsule; 7. leaves.



                 PLATE 40









I        IIIo


   30


o00 0
pQ0



n4


                  PLATE 40






      II   i            I




I     o o             3 o t


  00

000 0






n4


                PL1ATE 40







x        Ioo


000
000

1 0


'00


aGQN


5


     2

0 00  p



  0  4



  '3OD


  72U








                   V 8


i


'0


2a


o30 >000
000    0 00



000000
00   1U


OD(o00o(7o(



00000&0
000000


 0  Ai>




K I


00 2


0o                      0
                 2


37


5


o                   D


     )0 000  0

   0        6m


00000 ro
00           (


Did><oodon fusovio0dis: 1. levs    . cosetinof leaf; 3. anthoridial cutr
  4.leaf ap; 5. ppgul;6.lef bas; 7,dian maginl lef cll;. base
  ofperigonial leaf


Didymoodon fuoviridis: 1. leaves; 2. croseton of leaf; 3. anthooidiol cluster;
  4.lefop;. ropgula; 6.lefbaseb; 7. medimaril lefel;. base
  of perigonial leaf.


Didymoodon 1-;co<04iri<     1. leaves; 2. cos section of leaf; 3. anthcridial cluster;
  4. leaf apex; 0. popagula; 6. leaf bas; 7. moodian maroginalef ce olls; 8. boos'
  of perigooil lf.1 o



               PLATE 41














       7 .8oI





   1  L0Th9





11                       5

               __ 111U













 Bosol  104014; 1.ls;2 o111;3 spoo  .poloo;
6. folbl. .sool;7 o. aol1g . olbll 0 spoo o


PLATE 41


PLATE 41


1so0


5


n







      f


1 . so


   8












5  I


1w


Ogggo11














cD  1010


       011















on 10 .12


Barbuda crue1411; 1. lesf; 2. leol apex; 3. casle; 4. peristome1; 5. propagula;
6. leaf bas. B. agrarda: 7. leaf; 8. leaf apex; 9. leaf bse; 10. capsules 1and
calyptra; 11. annulus11.


Barbuda cruegeri: 1. leaf; 2. loof apex; 3. casule; 4. pooristo; 5. propagla;
6.laf bse. B. agraria:7.olea;S.lfos   pex; . lefbse; 10. casules and
calyptra; 11. annulus1.



PLATE 42


PLOTE 42 PLATT? 42                                              P\E4


PLATE 42


3


/)


            40u0  -,I




          4v0"0 G  o



1'Qa   O0ODO~


   n9~


 7( d0 QD

           a °O°0


3


rq


3


   "1oUt o  o OOO OC
   d      o0o° O oo
ju' L , JQ o 0000
    a0oa 0O o0 o00°

 Jo O o000oooo0a


   O        k o 00


1 .30


1 .30


        5 .3                    0













~ o o 'g t 5, 6   7.o     b~o   io   f b O o o o ti ; 8. b ol l f


     Hdiiciit:1, 2.leav;3 3.   edian maginal leaf cell; 4. basallef cell.
Grimmi ofo   got: 5, 6. leaves; 7. beginning of leaf acuminaion;S. basalleaf


Hedwigia iita: 1, 2. leaves; 3. omedian marginal leoO cell; 4. basal leaf cells.
  Grioooiolaevigata: 5, 6. leaves; 7. beginoing of leaf acumination; . basal leaf
  cells.



PLATE 43


PLATE 43 ~PLATE 43                                            PAE4


PLATE 43


*% 64
    2 «


     qK


           i    II



1 .30 0




               3t











         2        (III


   6 x 30


/ -4 .30


II


K


   Kb



I id


   K;SII  Y C,


1j7 .3o


I7 .30


          6 .30
5

           4 .3o









    S      \jo
    K        ' l


1 30


  1K








1 7 3


         6 .30









  8,o
K         II-


8 .30o

   K  .


10
          ci


Y1






10 ,PM


   Ptyhomtrim icurum:1. leaf; 2, 3. leaf apices. P. drumond,~ii: 4. leaf; 5. leaf
ape; 6. male inflorescence; 7. capsul wih  alyptra; 8.capsule; 9.leaf bas;
1 0. peristomeo; 11. spore.


Ptycomitrium,, incurvum: 1. leaf; 2, 3. leaf apices. P. drumodii: 4. leof; 5. leof
  apex; 6. maleo inforescence; 7. capsuleoowith oalyptra; 8. cpsule; 9. leaf baseo;
  10. peristomeo; 11. soreso.


Ptomooboboo inc, rvum: 1. leaf; 2, 3. boot apioos. P. drumodii: 4. leaof; 5. boof
  apex; 6. maleinorescence; 7. capsuleoowithoalyptra; 8. capsule; 9.leaf base;
  10. peristomeo; 11. spores.




    "sjtaa jeseq .9 !qpt Seat -!pm   :5 !item atnsdea mox3 rmols -y
!atnsdea gal. anetd axyua "£ !xade Jeat "Z !saeeat t :wnsolnulds aunxa: qdg


8sta 0ee "q !8ta o}ojd uep :5d !ite1 atse -j eooooo~d "y8


    -sjtaa teseq -q !sitaa }eat uetpam :5 !item atnsdea mox3 amoas b
!atnsdea gllm auetd axtluo -F !-de }eat "Z !saeeaj 'T :mnsolnulds mniomdgdg


IC ,


8


8i


lr


09- r


088 R.


8i












or- 8


8i


00S.


8i ;11 I






   00n


JN


I.


" 9,IVId


H' NLLVTIJ bb'ElIvid                   H ii


bb alvld



PLATE 4.5PlT45PAE5


PLATE 45


PLATE 45


tIy I


N



lI 1


NI


1 ,30


3 . s


3 .30


           ( N

1 550

          (P   u


(K


2            6  3


2


6 .30I;1


   1 s






6 .3  l-I ~


K


UI I  pII




U U


Ffhmeu        c         5sierim . leaf; 2. Icaf apex; 3. etire plant with casle;
4. spore; 5. lesf bse . F. ceas:~ms 6. leaf; 7. cellstshoulder oftksf.


-7!


phsemerumssssesssinesssss;  1. leaf; 2. leafspe;. e ntire plants wih cpsle; lpssssessimiss; 1 ls;2.ls 5m; .  siepiosshes s;
4. spor; 5. leafls. E .cohers : 6p . leaf;7.ecells a shousldeosfleaf.  4  pe;5  efm.F  ssssss  .ls;7  olssssses  oS


Ephernerum crassinervium: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. entire plant with capsule;
4. spore; 5. leaf base. E. cohaerans: 6. leaf; 7. cells at shoulder of leaf.



PLATE 46


PLATE 46 PLATE 46                                                    PAE4


PLATE 46


1 .30


II


3 .3o










   4


\a


4


3 .30


4


7


9








'1~


j 6 .30


6 s30


8 .39


O9






    ! 1


67 3


8° .30


8 .3o


    Nao grimz,alospoum: 1.leave; 2. leaf pex; 3. entireplantwth cpsule;
4. spores; 5. stomatafro  caopsule wal. N. austinii 6. etire plantlwith cpsul;
7. spores; 8. leaf; 9. lea aex


.Nanconit-,ioo , ogaosoporouo  1. leaves; 2. leaf apex; 3. entfre planto with capsuole;
  4.spores; 5. somta fomcpsuleowall.N. austinii: 6. etireplat ith cpsl;
  7. spores; 8. leaf; 9. leaf ape'o.


Nmooooobboboo oogopoo,,,n: 1. leaves; 2.leaftapex; 3.oentireopltowith capsuole;
  4. spores;5. omaota fom capsuleowaol.N.oautii:6.etfrplatithcpsl;
  7. spores; 8. leaf; 9. leaof apex.



PLATE 47


1 x1


  LAm




0 /l (


1 ,12                2


PLATE


474































   5/


1 .12


   UI





Of



















    (I


PLATE 47


                                                V





Funaria hygmmetrica: 1. leaf; 2. capsule; 3. spores; 4. leaf apex; 5. median mar-
  ginal leaf cells; 6. annulus; 7. peristome; 8. stoma from capsule wall.


           ,  ,-                                1 111, L



Punaria hygrometrica: 1. leaf; 2. capsule; 3. spores; 4. leaf apex; 5. median mar-
  ginal leaf cells; 6. annulus; 7, peristome; B. stoma from capsule wall.


                                                  <- 1




Fuai  yrmtia  .la;2  asl;  .soe;4  efae;5  einmr



(c  C
  II C C


C C --


'7


ter- G


CC-G
C   G


    C


    a
    y.:


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    a (va
    S R
    w


CC


CCC I

C S - - - CFC







     (


C
C C

  C- -C


/


     z

CC-



     v
     v

     v K
     w
     x v




C  - - G a



PLATE 49


PLAT             49PlAT           49PLATE 49


PLATE 49


2o


lj


1   I.I30


9 I3


JI =30


       301












53)  ZD


            D


 li      D

            D
D
                  6
Dli


4


-3'1


4


i           l








,       r X111


4


6j


6


D=


T3


Entosthodon~ drumonoodiL 1. leaf; 2. calyptoa; 3. capsu0le; 4. spores; 5. peristoooo;  Lbohbodo~ooo.b;0 of      .olpo;3       0000 .oo;.oito
  6. meodianomarginal leaofclls; 7. lef apex.                                                         6ooiooogolofob;7                      o   p


Entosthodon drummondii: 1. leaf; 2. calyptra; 3. capsule; 4. spores; 5. Peristome;
  6. median marginal leaf cells; 7. leaf apex.


Etosthoodon drumonodii: 1. leaf; 2. calyptra; 3. capsule; 4. spore;. peitomeo;
  6.oomedian maroginal leaf cls; 7. leaf apex.



PLATE 50


PLATE 50 ~PLATE 50                                                           PAT5


PLATE 50


3 .12         I



    6 .1


6 x12


2


3 .12         U


   I


         6 .12






'7


7


7


5.12


10            I                '


10


                                            510












Phs-e   u  pyiore    1.1leaf; 2.la px 3. olddry cpsule';4, 5.capsules;


6. cal ptra; 7. spores; 8. u~pprportio  of2 casl wal 221; 9. stm  fo  bas of
capsu1e22a11; 10. medi1an marg121inl eaf1ell.


   2222oitiu pyriforme:2 1.1leaf; 2.12 leafapex 3. o1d1dry capsu2le; 4, 5. capsu2les;
6. calyptra; 7. spores; 8. upper portion22 of521 casue21l; 9. stoma from base of
capsu1e 22111; 10. me2dian2 marginal leafcell.



PLATE 51


PLATE 51 PLATE 51                                               PAE5


PLATE 51


\\            /I 1
           31~2


C
2


   I
1


3 " 12 Y ELL


-     J K


   ill

   is


   I

1  I  ,


2


I 'k 1


/.1


C 1


p      ci


6          3l


Physcomitium, col/lech ymatum 1. lea apex; 2. spores; 3. calyptra an.d capsule;


Phycoitiu colcy-tum:~ 1. lefapx 2. spores; 3. ayt  ndcpue


Physcmtrium    3k folle y. tum:. 1. lea apex.; 2. spores; 3. calyptra an.d capsule,;
  4.upper portion of cpsule wal; 5. leve;6.1 lfbase 7..mdian..ma.cginal leaf



PLATE 52


PLATE 52 PLATE 52                                                               PAE5


PLATE 52


1 .30


C


1 ,so


i


         no g







                  1       1   ,30







              6 , 30














              41r

nonh 9           t        Ii


5   .3o


       4


   -   7     i ,



   /.9 I6  . a



C  IP '//5


       4       I I


  I

13
i


1 , l


Aphaorem     serra0t2222  1. lea; 2.1leaf apex; 3.leaf base;4. media  marginal    Aphaorrhegmaseraum       1. leaf; 2.12 leafape; 3.1leaf base; 4. mdian marinal
  leaf c211s; 5. plant with spo22pl5te; 6.. ca1yp22a; 7. spore; 8. cpsule out2h;       1eaf 2211s; 5. plan  with sporophyte; 6. calypr; 7. spores; 8. capsule mouth;
  9.22stma fromtbasef cpsule wall.                                                                                9.ttsttomafromttbase of cpsulepwal.


Aphanorrhegma ertat22,2   1. leaf; 2.lef pe;. lef bas;4.  mdian marinl
  kla ce11s; 5. plantt with spor2phyte; 6.. cal1yp2a; 7. spores; 9. capsule m222th;
  9. stoma. from base of capsule wall.




















































6 as


        PLATE 53
















      .15              \ 5









L            /











                          8


PLATE 53


(7 .


2


*      K.q Dq F5


Tetraploden pennsylvanieus: 1. leaves; 2. leaf margin; 3. leaf apex; 4. perichactial
leaves; 5. capsule; 6. male inflorescence; 7. spores; 8. peristome.


Tetraplodon peonsylvanicus: 1. leaves; 2. leaf margin; 3. leaf apex; 4. perichaetial
leaves; 5. capsule; 6. male inflorescence; 7. spores; 8. peristome.


Tetrapledon pennsylvanicus: 1. leaves; 2. leaf margin; 3. leaf apex; 4. perichaetial
leaves; S. capsule; 6. male inflorescence; 7. spores; 8. peristome.



FL0h5                                    T 4PLAT 54


PLATE 54


PT ATE 54


1 . s


1 .00


3 ..;


3.II


2 .o


2 ..o


2   o


(C


-C


phyte;45. youg antheridia; S. mediansmarginalleaf cells; 6.1lef se.


Selmsilaskurzbii: 1. venrallaves;2.dsal leas; 3      .enirp lanst ih spss
phyte; 4. younsg antsheridia; 5. media marginal loe sells; 6. leaf base.


Solmssilllsssssii;1. vental leavs; 2.dsl leaes;ss3.sen  tsre latth spors-
phyte; 4. younssg antheroidia; 5. mesdians marsginasl loe cells; 6. loe bs.



























22 6


  2o 00
2~2222  L


< 2C o
/ 2 (


  J  .I I 2



O 6-2d 22
c 22


C






g:22 -    C


22 2


222
P #22

m G 252

i-+ 22 rw*. O
2 G P





J     >


22    7






j9{


  II92
  ii bo o ,'ao 0202
II oO r~c BCD(25:
  (2(2






  J2



          C^
       Ky


2 (22
52 2>


(2(2o




PLATE 56


PLATE 56 PLATE 56                           lAE5


PLATE 56


'2


'2.


i


1 ro


1.3o


1 .so


5iso


1'


1/


5A.3o


'2?
  >77


77


6 o


7


6 .3o


   7


r,


6..4o


8


8


.4 -


Schlotheimia rugifolia: 1. leaves; 2. median marginal leaf cells; 3. leaf base;
4. leaf apex; 5. capsule and calyptra; 6. mouth of capsule; 7. peristome; 8. spores.


SoEIsh  i >og73>o  1.    ;2. ,sodi~s s~sgissl osS  dE; . hof bo; Schlotheimoia rugifolia: 1. leaves; 2. meodian marginal leaf oells; 3. leaf base; Oolooooogflh,1  o ;2osdoosgolhofo;3.ofh ;
4.loolooo;5. opsoloodoolytoo; 6  oshofopso~o;.posisooso;Sspo ~ 4. Alef pe;5. cpsuleand calypr; 6. outh ofcpsule; 7.peristom;S. pors.  3hooo;.oslsolpo;.oshfoob;.oooo;.p~


Schlotheinna rugifolia: 1. leaves; 2. median marginal leaf cells; 3. leaf base;
4. leaf apex; S. capsule and calyptra; 6. mouth of capsule; 7. peristome; 8. spores.


                    PLATE 57


















              4   . so
1 " O                    X0
                   0a (-79c,







                          7


   PLATE 57





oa









    07
 6D 00


09


                PLATE 57



                  o     o660og          a
             ga   o o°Q~~~Q0
                   99aoa~            o~

            g0/   6999929








                   aa~aa      ao         007









5 .        so                        0

   A.~~~~~~~ ha atda,  15;61     7 afb


A. heterotihum: 5.lef; 6.1lafapex;7. laf bas.A.h  51 f61fpa 7. fb .


Aulacmnnium palustre: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. leaf base; 4. cross section of leaf.
  A. heterostichum: 5. leaf; 6. leaf apex; 7. leaf base.



PLATE 58


01 ATE 50 PLATE; 58                         lTE5


PLATE 58


5 .30


       c-j

6 QO7


2 x 30


5t3


I"130





2Ioo


5.30


      _JC


Mn o


3 .30


3 -30


II
4 x 0


'iU  1

4 x 30


4 .30


/


11


93o


    7 -7o0








8 x 3


.3o


8 x 3


100


Philosnstis glauscns:os 1. capsule; 2, 3, 4. leaves; 5. perigoniaolbrancsh; 6. peri-
stome; 11. meodian marginal clls. P. gracilima:o 7, 8, 9. leaves; 10. leaf apex.


PhihooO glausons:~ 1. capsule; 2, 3, 4. leaves; 5. perigonial branch; 6. perl-
   stm;11. meodian marginal cells. P. gracillima:; 7, 8, 9. leaves; 10. leaf apex.


Philonotisglaucescens:. 1.capsule; 2,3, 4.leaves; 5. peigon'ialbranch; 6.per-
   stm;11. mediano marginal oslOls. P. gracillima: 7, 8, 9. leaves; 10. leaf apex.



PLATE 59


PLATE 09 PLATE 59                                                      PAE5


PLATE 59


3      1    ,I


3.1


   I



5 .3o


5 ..0


5 .30


      ! I ~i'4 x12


2 .30


1 x30


2 .3o              4k .1


L1A

1   .30


          2,02I         i


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2 o


6 x 3o


6 . 0


6 .o


8 31


10<0


  ij         S




7 . 30


9 .30



                  1O o


9 . 30


7.o0


8 .30


10.12'z


Philaotis0N.sphaeocaropa: 1, 2. leaves; 3. capsu.le with operculumo; 4.capsule witho-
   otoperoolooo. P'. longiseta: 5, 6. leave. P. uncinaota: 7, 8. leaves; 9. gerooip-
   arous branch;10. capsle.


Philaooososphaerocarpa: 1, 2. leaves; 3. capsule woith operculooo; 4. capsule with-
  out operculumo. P. longiseta: 5, 6. leaves. P. uncinat,,, 7,8. leaves; 9. goomip-
    aosbranch; 10. capsul.


Philois sphaocaroopa 1, 2. leaves; 3. capsule with operculumo; 4. capsule woith-
  out opoooolo. P. lonogiseto 5, 6. leaves. P. unoohodo, 7, 8. leaves; 9. gemmoip-
  aousoobranch; to. cpsl.



               __>




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-



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PLATE 61














      2    .12il


1 40


PLATE 61














      2 .12


K


PLATE 61










  ri

                          ll

      2  .12             ill   it

                         I    ill


Bryum corontum:~ 1. leaf; 2.capsle; 3. leafapex.B. cupidtum:4. lef;. cap-
    sl;6. leaf apex.


Bru  ooau:1. leaf; 2. capsule; 3. leaf apx B. csiau:4. leaf; 5. cap-


Bryu oonatum:oo 1. 1ea1; 2. capsle; 3. leaf apex. B. cuspidatum:; 4. leaf; 5. cap-
    sl;6. leaf apex.




PLATE 62


PLAT        62              L oL  62PLATE 62


PLATE 62


2.0


2 .40


2.40


1 .4


3 .12


1 40


3 .12


1 40


3 x 1


4


J0


4


            s                       $






  6. leaf; 7. cpsule.
Br-icplae      ,2  evs   .cpue    .la   px   ,bclr    .la  px


Br0un cpillare 1, 2.Ileae;. cpsu; 4. laf pex..ioor: 5.koef pex;
  6,.leaf; 7. capsule.


                7                               1\ lt
                                 6 40




Br}oooopilre: 1,2. leaoo;0. casl;4 efae.B.bclr     .la   px
  6. lef; 7.capsl.




PLATE 63


PLATE 63 PLATE 63                                        PAE6


PLATE 63


i


I
            Ij! 4


/ IN


1 .30     I 4/ YIII


     -J4
1  x30     V/   4


                    Jjj












034-,oooooegeri: 1. 10af; 2. leaf apex; 3. alrrego;440  m3    ia  maroooooginahbcells;
  3. popagulumobo; 6. capsule. B. pseudotriquetoooo; 7. Icf pe; . lf;3. cpsul.


          6.0



















          -j8                                         30o       9 .12




Oooooo cruegeri: 1. leaf; 2. 13a apex; 3. a1ar region; 4. median maroginal cells;
  5. propaglumo; 6. capsuile. B. pseuodotriquetrum: 7. 10a0 apex; 8. leaf; 3. capsule.


           1111 11







  1~8o                       9 0 1 II 12; J



  B~oo ooooo; 1  Lf;  .  oO  po; 3110 0440;3.  odooooo4olol

3.  p1p400060000.I 00000001  7.bofopo;0. o1; oopobo



PLATE 64PLT                                                                                 64PAE6


PLATE 64


PLATE 64


U6


2 .12


00
  5


       U





U




   1 0









        0



   U a o 8


1 .12


0
5


4< 1


5


U


K)





















   0
   19


6s


Leptobryum pyriforme: 1. leaves; 2. capsule; 3. calyptra; 4. annulus; 5. spores;
  6. leaf apex; 7. median leaf cells; 8. basal marginal cells.


Leptobryum pyriforme: 1. leaves; 2. capsul; 3. calyptra; 4. annulus; 5. spores;
  6. leaf apex; 7. median leaf cells; 8. basal marginal cells.


Leptobryum pyriforme: 1. leaves; 2. capsule; 3. calyptra; 4. annulus; 5. spores;
  6. leaf apex; 7. median leaf cells; 8. basal marginal cells.



PLATE 65


PLATE 65 PLATE 65                    PAE6


PLATE 65


I

II


In J l'r
  ' 111


0I 1L


S


1 ,30




     a)/


U2


1 .30


2


JLJ~ 4)7<2


Lnv U>


MK>

2000


V jI








4


5.3;01


4


8


5 .30 VII li

      I65.2


R


5 .30 I'l i


  I      6 7 2


8r u


Itmehymeni     sysl r.    1, leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. afar region; 4. median marginal
cells B. macrne,,       S. leaf; 6. capsule; 7. peristome teeth; 8. leaf apex.


B,-slsssssisssips  iss  1  IsS;2. osSips; 3  iis  ogiss;4. ssdji  sigisi  PsshBract~-,   tysvs;r .IoS;2llium:;  .i1.ooileaf;soii2ssogleafsio}apex;ssot3iss;  5  IsS;2.giiSop;s;4..13meogdian4.osmarginalgis
oollsP~ssss~sssispss;5.loS;6.oipsso;7.  ssisssowols~s~uifipo.  el. B. mae- no purr: 5. leaf; 6. capsule; 7. pesi sossotoeth; 0. lsaS ipexs.  oil.isosipii  .oS6opso7p~issotoE5lsi


Brace.i    m   sy..,!ito, : 1. leaf; 2, leaf apex; 3. alar region; 4. median marginal
cells. B.   -    , v    5. leaf; 6 capsule; 7. peristome teeth; 8. leaf apex.




PLATEF 66                                   1176


PLAT E 66


PLATE 66


1 .15


1 .15


1 .15


4 .15


i . 15


7 .15


7   . 1


Itl. mtnr        , 4. leaf; 5. median leaf cus; 6. marsginal~ cels. A1. cspids-
   6:7 11  ., meia leaf cells; 9. mariginasl cells.


Ilssiusnlsssgistrssss 1. leaf; 2.median leaftclls; 3. maginasllef clls.
61. orthorhpnchussss  4. leaf; 5. mesdin leaf cels; 6.smargina cls. M. cupida-
Is,,,, 7.lssf: 8. med~ian leasfclls: 9. marginal els.


Ilsuss togussrlssss: 1.Ilef; 2. mdianssieuftclls; 3.maginasllef cels.
MI. ssbss', chum  4. leaf; i.s median leaf cells; 6.ssmargsnal clls. Al. cusspidass
  tu 7.Ls I;6:. medaleafscels: 9.,sisss  elsI.




PLATE 67


PLATE 67


PLATE 67


                                 !0                                                                                                                               QO!i0     U





                                                                                                Q o C:












                                              2                                                                                                      2D














4                  2      6                                             5                  6                                                          20~


                                               K~0 Ofl&O                                                                                                         O00


                              o0 aO                                                                    0oo0                                             0o        00

                                                              QO00        o'oOu                                  00o                          QPo0      000


Mnium affine: 1. leaf; 2. median leaf cells; 3. marginal cells. Rhizogonium spini-
  forme: 4. leaf; 5. basal cells; 6. upper marginal cells.


Mniurn affine: 1. leaf; 2. median leaf cells; 3. marginal cells. Rhizogonium spini-
  forme: 4. leaf; 5. basal cells; 6. upper marginal cells.


Mnium affine: 1. leaf; 2. median leaf cells; 3. marginal cells. Rhizogonium spini-
  forme: 4. leaf; 5. basal cells; 6. upper marginal cells.




PLATE 68


PENTE 68 PLATE 68                                                   PAE6


PLATE 68


                         1




1   .30                    -
                      3    )    ;}.


                     }f



                '/2          ;



              \                          L


1 x30     N 0


I             <I


1 x 3



     4d


Qhcpiu   toets :1  ef  .dra  ef;3  nlrsec;4 einmr

      gia ea els  .lefaex  .lefbse  .cel  hoigpaile;80 roaua




      ---- /rnh


ginal lea cel; 5. leaf apex; 6. Ileaf base; 7. cel shwing papillae; 8. propagula;
9. branch6.


Rhaeopilumomentosm ,, leaf ,. dosa lea;3.inorecece 4. median mar
  ginalklclls; 5.eaf ape; 6.leaba; 7. ll howng ppille;. popgl;
  9. branc.




PLATE 69


PlATE 69 01PLATE 69                        PAE6


PLATE 69


11
it


1 j


1  "3


1 : 0


90


8 .ao


4 .30


9


4 , 30


115 T


5


10


10


10


  Camylum hysp6}hllum 1. leaves; 2. leaff baseo; 3. median leaf cells. C. poly-
gam,,. 4. leaf; 5. leat apexo; 6. leaf base; 7. meodian leat ce. C. radicale:
8. lotf; 9. meodian leafcells; 10. basal leaf cll.


Camopyliumo -oh, ,;ophellum: 1. loaveo; 2. loot bose; 3. meodiao loot oells. C. poly-
gamum:o 4. leot; 5. lef apex; 6. loot base; 7. medoian leat cells. C. radicale:
8. leot; 9. meodianleaf cells; 1. basalleafoceil.


Capyiu oh-ooohylloomp 1. Ieoveo; 2. toot booe; 3. medoiaon loot colls. C. poly-
goopopo 4. loot, 5. leot apex; 6. leot boso; 7. meodian loot cells. C. radicle:o
8 leaf; 9.omedianleaftcll; 10. hbasalolet cells.




PLATE 70


PLATO 70                                        PLATlE 70                                                               PAO7


PLATT: 70


Avs


'yip
     i~Oh


I 'K


4>

  £kp


1 .3o


1 .3o


1 ,30


3 . 0


3 , 0


4, .30


4 , 0


4 .3o


8 . o


s 20


                                                   9.30


,0,,bhostgim,,,,,,0o,1. caopule;2. perome,,and spores;3, 4.leaves; .lef
  apx   .aK   ein   .mda    efcls    .vru     a.luioim      ,9


8 ..o


9 . 30


       0abyte n      1. cpsule; 2. peristome anod spores; 0, 4. leaves; 5. leaf
apex; 6.,o largion; 7. mydian leaf cells. A. ,iri,, v,,. laucifolium: 8, 9.
levs


       Abytgun-  :1. capsule; 2. peristome and spares; 0, 4. leaves; 5. leaf
apex,; 6. alarrgion; 7. median, leaf cels. A. ,o,2,,o, var. laucifolium:, 8, 9.




PLATE 71


PLATE 71 PLATE 71                                                              PAE7


PLATE 71


AK


1 ..ro


1 .3o


2 .3ao


2 .30


\o.


10


10


10


8             PL




      10"


,\o


,41-o


6 .30


7 8


6 ..o


7 630


7 .o


Ambflystegiumoooerpens: 1, 2. leaves; 3. loof apex; 4. meodion leof cells; 5. aloo
  region. A. juratzkanm     6, 7. leaves; 0. leof apex; 9. alar rgion; 10. meodian
  leaf cls


Amoblystegiumo screenso 1, 2. leoves; 3. leof apexo; 4. omedian loof cells;    . oaoar
  region. A. juratzkanuoo: 6, 7. leaves; 0. leof apex; 9. alar region; 10. meodian
  leof r ells.


Am..blystegium Seropens: 1, 2. leoves; 3. leof apexo; 4. meodian hoof cells; 5. alar
  regiono. A. juratzkanum:o 6, 7. leaveso; 8. leaof opexo; 9. alar regiono; 10. meodian
  leof cells.



PLATE 72


PLATE 72 PLATE 72                              PAE7


PLATE 72


U(



Q a


2


1


i


1 . 30


3


U


)U)


A


.5


5


4


nN


8


7 .3o


3..








6


8


7 .30


D           I





          8


7 ~so


Leptodictyum, riparium: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. ala rgion; 5. median leaf cells.
L. riparium orm    btsm    4. lef apex; 6. slargion L. sipho: 7.lef


Leptodityum, riparium:, 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. alar region; 5. meodian leaf cel.
L.ripriumformaobtsum: 4.lef p; 6. alarrgi. L. ipho: 7. lef;
8. leaf apex.


Le'ptodityumo riparium:, 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. alar regiono; 5. meodian leaf cels
L. ripium forma~ obtsum:~o 4. leaf apexo; 6. afar region. L. sipho: 7. leaf;
8. leof apex.




























3        ((


Ilio


I ..40


II,

)lJ


,Ih


3{


3 1 nV


5  .so


5 .30


Ioptodietooo trichopodium:o 1. lea; 2. leaf apex; 3. meodian leaf cells; 4. olar
region. Hygrombytegium tenax: 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. meodian 1eaf ce11s;
8. alarrgin


Leptodictyumtihopodiuoo; 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. median leaf cells; 4. alar
region. Hy}groamobytegiumo tenax: 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. median leof ce;
8. alarreiono.


Leptodityumo trichopodium:; 1. leaf; 2. looP apex; 3. modian. looP colls; 4. alar
region. Hygoaoolpstegiooo tenox: 5. leoveo; 6. loof apoex; 7. me~dioao loof cells;
8. alooooegioo.








                                                      v





                            C>





                                                      '1=
                                                      P v




                                                         E

1     (


           k +










           mG

             o
KzZ

           21

           w







           P 5 F

       ti   w k


n            y                               \   ? J














                                                   V



                                                   J d









                                                   R

                                                 .o




PLATE 75


6h1


I x15


PLATE 75


6 15


PLATE 75


6 .15


~10


       0       0O




              5                      I





ls\s\,  7b~sBfssIss6  1tx 15f7bh5f8kfp5
2 x,,si~15151;1016bs.


K            2lk


10.1


Brachytheciurl acuminatum: 1.       15emlea; 2. 1branc151eaf; 3. leaf apex; 4. median
  leaf cells; 5. leaf base. B. flagellae 6. stems leaf; 7. brancsh leaf; 8. leaf apex;
  9. median leafcells; 10. leaf bae


lBssshythecissssacsminatum: 1. stemleaf;2.1branch Icaf; 3. leaf pex; 4. mdian
  1eaf cells; 5. leaf bs. B, flsgellare: 6. st51m leaf; 7. branchl leaf; 8. leaf apex;
  9.smedian leaf clls; 10. leaf bse.




1        PLATE 76












1

      2      2


  6 xso









7 .30

     8 .so


    1        PLATE 76







1 x15   KK




            p13<


6 . so


I


7 .so


8 , so


              PLATE 76









      II  'K) I C I C   II











                Io






. boO boon


I r


AC °


Ac


5 U







v U


      10    11  '>0


    C;CV/ loo° o°oo

               oa
   I o C C a
o o l       w Ooo


Rrachythecium oteanunoo   1 sote  leaf; 2.branch leaf; 3. lefpe, branch leaf;
4. meodian leaf cells; 5. leaf base. Holoootheciellaosbcapibllata 6. cpsule;
7. stem leafo; 8. perichaetial leaf; 9. leaf apex; 10. meodian maroginal leaf cells;
I1I. leaf base.


Brachytheciumo ,-oooooooo 1. stemttleaf; 2. branch leaf; 3. leaf apex, branchleaf;
4. moedian leaf cells; 5. leaf base. Holoootheciella subcapillata: 6. capsuole;
7. steto leaf; 8. perichaetial leaf; 9. leaf apex; 10. meodian margoinal leaf cells;
I1I. leaf bas.



PLATE 77


PL~~TL 77                    PLATE 77                                    10\F7


PLA'T'E 77


1 3o      (


3.30


1 30


4.3o


5















(     7


3.,3o


KJ4%~


0

c_
C


2I l


5. leaf apex; 6. basal leaf clls; 7. meodian maroginal leat cells; 0. peristomoo.


H~omalotheciella fabonifoibo; 1. capsule; 2. spores; 3. leaves; 4. pooooichehllef
5.1la aopex;6. basal leafcell;7. meian maginale~f cl; . prso


IHonto;thooio/ll fob,, ,ifolia: 1. capsule,; 2. sores,,; 3. boaxoo; 4. pcnhactpl leaf;
0. leaof apex.; 6.basal leaf clls; 7.o mdianmarginalleaof cell; 0. prsoe



PLATE 78


PLATE 78 PLATE 78                              PAE7


PLATE 78


10


10


10


1 .30


1 .30


1 .0


           i          U       s


      3j                      7" ,O ~
























             ; j




1eaf cell; 5. trmial ellofcot, uderdofef;6. p rofie of teminalcell
of cota. Cirr0 iphlum, illecebrum: 7.1 ea; 8.leaf apex 9. leaf bas; 10. mdian
  magiallefcells; 11. median leaf cells.


7 .30


I
v0


7 .30


h


11


11


maroginal leaofcells; 11. median leaf ce11s.


               C                U  o




leafcell; 5. ter  17al711l78 cot, underidoflef; 6. pfil otermoinalcel
of ost.Ciriphllum,,illecbrum: 7. 1eaf; 8. 1eaf apex; 9. 1eaf8base; 10. median
maroginal 1eafce11s; 11. median leafcell.



PLATE 79


PLATE 79 PLATE 79                                              PAE7


PLATE 79


/                I I







   I


1 .30                5




II III


'  \              I







   II


                     5
1 .30


I1


1.30


5


2 .12


4


6


I



1u lui l








    j)I ',


  , I  "I'i l I
  w it




'1      I III


   l i,)j r%


ILI



6      /j


1

i


Rhyncohostegiumser atm 1. 1eaf; 2. capsule; 3. spoe; 4. leaf apex; S. median3  oooo  . of .op~l;3 po~ .bOo3~ .~do
  leaf cel; 6. basalo~o1~ leaf10 cells.ooo~b


Rhynchostegium serrulatum: 1. leaf; 2. capsule; 3. spores; 4. leaf apex; 5. median
  leaf cells; 6. basal leaf cells.


Rhynchostgum srrbotuni: 1. leaf; 2. capsul; 3. spores; 4. leaf apex; 5. mda
  leaf cells; 6. basalleaofclls.



       711
76
    -2


i
    x
    a





    F



    x


   -3 79



c







     17,7,

   -~ 17


79


t~tt




  67s P


3>F



PLATE 81PAT81PTE1


PLATE 81


PLATE 81


   99 92 fl~ 7
53
      ci>


I,


















6 x15


I x 30






     2


5 1
NR G


6 x15


1 x so








/7I L 2


It 2171
        ci
AJ~ >1~


IV 4


V


4


5. peritom  an poe  6. percatu  an apue  7. ealptra.


Entodon seductrix: 1. leaf; 2. median leaf cells; 3. basal leaf cells; 4. leaf apex;
5. peristome and spore; 6. perichactium and capsule; 7. ealyptra.


Entodon seductrix: 1. leaf; 2. median leaf cells; 3. basal leaf cells; 4. leaf apex;
5. peristome and spore; 6. perichactium and capsule; 7. calyptra.




PLATE 82


P1 lIP82                 P1LATE 82                            PAF8


PLATE 82


Si


4 , is


1 . 0


1 .80


7


Enhtodon cldorrizans:, 1. leaes 2. peristomeo; 3. spores; 4. capsule; 5. anls
6.1 lefbase: 7. medianleaf clls; 8.leaf apex.


Etoodon cladorrhizans: 1. lae;2. peristomeo; 3. spores; 4. capsule; 5. anls
6.leaf base; 7. median leaf clls; 8.leaf ape.


Entodon obodorrhizans: 1. lae;2. perdstomeo; 3. spores; 4. capsuleo; 5. anls
6.leaf base; 7. meodian leaf cells; 8.leaf apex.



PLATE 83


PLATE 83 PLATE 83                            PAE8


PLATE 83


1 .~30


1





1 . so


1 3


Entodon macropus: 1. leaf; 2. median leaf cells; 3. leaf base; 4. leaf apex; 5. peri-
stome and spore; 6. capsule.


Entodon macropus: 1. leaf; 2. median leaf cells; 3. leaf base; 4. leaf apex; 5. peri-
stome and spore; 6, capsule.


Etdnmcou:1. lea; 2. mdian laf  ell; 3.1la  ae 4. lefapex; 5.pei-




PLATE 84


K)


5 , so


1 3
  '5-1




















  .30


PLATE 84











                1<

      nll''3


6


H








VIIi1 '7




























     5 US3


PLATE 84















           34


05-


Hypnum lindbergii: L leaves; 2. alar region; 3. median leaf cells; 4. leaf apex.
Platylonzella lescurii: 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex and median margin; 7. leaf base.


H~pss,,  Ih'dbsgii~  . ks~.s  2.  Ssis~; 4  ~   kM  5W  4. k   ~pss. Hyp'n,,,  lindbergii  1. lae;2. alar region; 3. media   lef  els; 4. lea  apex. 8Sps5hdkgi   .1S ;2s ssisS. di lsf ll4.ssp .
PL~t}s's~sls~iiS~sss;6,1sS  Spsdsssdsssssgis;71ssfbss.  8I~~tPlatsy/lomeS.1a les1curii: 5.iS leaves; 6. leaft}/1ISapexS.ands;me1dianV margin;55 7. gle;a. base.5


Hypnum lindbergii: 1. leaves; 2. Mar region; 3. median leaf cells; 4. leaf apex.
Platylomella lescurii: S. leaves; 6. leaf apex and median margin; 7. leaf base.



PLATE 85


PLAIF 85 PLATE 85                          PAE8


PLATE 85


1 .30            3


      Ki  w6I?) Lf






.3             3      Js O


I,6


6-. 2 3ao











   5 . 0






   (l



i \I  i


   Vr




an,


J


'  2  30


Tip


  I2 . 3











\V5.3o










    / l
  /6 o r


,   I (


1
7 In1


9


9.


i , ,
dl)


    1
s   I



l C


/6.30


    Veiuai  eiua is1. lae;2. perichaeiallavs 3. meodian leaf cel;4. leaf
apex. V. poeppigian   5. oothoidial bud; 6. lae;7. leaf apex; 8. meodian loe
cells; 9.basllef clls.


Vesicular-ias oioslais: 1. leaves; 2. perichaetial leaves; 3. medooian loe cell; 4. loe
apex. V. poeppigiana:5 5. antheridial bud; 6. leaves; 7. leaf apex; 8. meodian lse
cells; 9. bsalleafcll.


Voeslarias iclis:1. leave; 2   ihail leas; 3. mdian lfls; 4.leaf
apex. V. poeppigiana:O 5. antheridial bud; 6. leaves; 7. lse apex; 8. moedian leaf
cells; 9. basal leafclls.



PLATE 86


PLATL 06 PLATE 86PtIE8


PLATE 86


1rr

        A  \,. Jl
              Ur


        J


2


C


1 .30


1 .30


1 .30


J


  2













9.12o














   0j' D


9 .12


9 .12


5 .30


   Oo
   %ODaO
 SaOo o8oa
    ova

J 08no0


5 .30


V    OODoO


8 Sa OQo °ova

    UDDnO


5 .30


Veiclaiacrassicais:1 leav;2.  lafba; .   meian lef cell; 4. lef pe.
  01ittenothanooo, r dimnool um Po . leaes 6. leaf apex; 7. meodiano maroginal leaf
  cells; 8.basal leaf cells; 9. capsuole.


        Veclracascui:1.leaves; 2.lef baseo;3.omedian leaf cels; 4.lef pexo.
O~itO00otboooooioooiooiuiooo   i. leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. medooian maroginalt leaf
cells;8. basalef cl;9.cpsuleo.


Vesiolaro oojop ioooolioo  1.leave; 2.lef base;o.omd ian lefcll; .lef pe.
  Olitothbooooboo dioiin:ooo i. leaves;6. lefpx; 7.ooodiaoooaginaltleaf
  cells;8. basalleaof celso;.cpsul.




                                 "Ipa IemBzem Iaseq "4 :xade Iaai ne snog
-eizan -9  s  b  .apsdea £ :aavaasaxoguj ai-j "Z '.--j "I :s -j- zun}*Widosj


                                 ,1p, Ioucbzeni Ieseq "L  .-& 3aai ni saoc;
-eI- -9 s b .ainsdea "L  aanaasazogui aP=j .j!  .sanaa1 "I :suoareu -1 ,Widosi


(VIwlnU


d V j9.


L8 aiv~ld


is AIVeLd


L8 TLTIJ



PLATE 88


PLATE 88 PLATE 88                                                              PAE8


PLATE 88


A


7


1I 430


1   883






/L' IL


o


1 x 30


7.3o


7 -m


7 ..i0


5 x3o


5 x 3o


10


10


10


dian leaf cels; 10. 1eaf base, alarcell.


Pylisia sel'yn88 1. 1eaves; 2. leaf ape; 3. med1ian leaf8cell; 4. 1eaf base, a1ar
  c8lls; 5.8capsule; 6.spores. Pla8ygyrium8888;888; 7.Ileaves;8. leafpe; .  m-
  dian81eaf8c11l; 10. 1eaf8bas, alr88811s.


Pylaisia ;'0 y,;ii; 1.1leaves;2.1leaf8pex; 3.   mdian leafc11l; 4.leaf bas, alar
  c811s; 5. capsule1; 6. spores. Pl81JgJ388888repens 7. 1eave; 8. 1eaf apex;- 9. me-8
  dian l1af8cel1s; 10.1leaf1base, alr88e11s.




PLATE 89


PLATE 89

















2


    1k'


      PLATE 89
















            3/I bo




1 x/7                I (o






4  ~'Y9;? /


1 x 3





7<


1 .30






  A<


4    7


0


'N


Ur


6.


       u        10




< I




9 I I


            6 0



 I           I




77 V


/ j


LI'


6 x 30


7      ,..,        8


7


Taiphllum goophilhoo 1. leaf; 2. median marginal leaf clls; 3. leaf bse;
4. paraphyllia; 5. leaf apex. Plagiethecu 03yo0799000.0 6. leaf; 7. leaf base;
8. paraphyllia; 9. meodian marginal leaf cell; 10. leaf apex.


Taxiphyllumo geophilum:; 1.1leaf; 2. media mar.ginal leaf cells; 3. leaf base;
4. paraphyllia; 5. leof apex. Plagohbhooum ,yvaticu; 6. 1ea9; 7. leaf base;
8. paraphyllia; 9. meodian marginal leaf cells; 10. leaf apex.


Tooiphbbouo geophium:oo 1. leaf; 2. meodian maroginal leafcells; 3. leaf base;
4. paraphylia; 5. leaf ape. Plagiothecium~ sylvabicu, 6. leof; 7. leaf base;
8. paraphyllia; 9. meodian marginal leaf cells; 10. leaf ape.













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PLATE 92


PLATE 92 PLATE 92                                                              PAE9


PLATE 92


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     1 .30


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x 30


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Stereoph/h-,~ rdiculo ,ot<: 1. dorsal and latea leaves; 2. capsule; 3. oontheridial
     bac;4. archegonoial branch; 5. lea  apex; 6. leafbasep; 7.mein      arnl
  leaf cels.


Stoopophollooo radiculosum:o 1. dorsal and lateral leaves; 2. capsule; 3. antheridial
  branc~h; 4. arhgoil branchi; 5.00 lefpex; 6. leaf base; 7.omedianoooarginal
  leaf cels.


Stere~ophyllum rooolipolosoooo  1. dorsal andl lateral leaves; 2. capsule; 3. atheridial
  branch; 4. archegonialbranch; 5.1leaf apex; 6. leafbase; 7. median marginal
  leaf cels.



PLATE 93


PlATE 93 PLATE 93                          PAE9


PLATE 93


2 " o


2   o


1 .30


A~3


1 -30


4


4


7


4. prphyllia; 5. lea  bas; 6. meia   magna  ef cells; 7.   4.a apex.11~  .1 b~;6  i ,,g~lk~~I~  . ~  p


Stereophyllumc leucostegum: 1. dorsal and lateral leaves; 2. capsule; 3. spores;
4. paraphyllia; 5. leaf bas; 6. median marginal leaf cells; 7. leaf apex.


Stereophyllum leucostegum: 1. dorsal and lateral leaves; 2, capsule; 3. spores;
4. paraphyllia; 5. leaf base; 6. median marginal leaf cells; 7. leaf apex.



PLATE 94


PLATE 94 PLATE 94                             PAE9


PLATE 94


pi


   7


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3xa


3 .a0


1 ao


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Sooooooplylloo odnot-n:, 1. lotf; 2. peoochaotiol loot; 3. ontheriodial boad; 4. lotf
apex;5. meiano,ofcll; 6.larrgio.9Sooaolinianum:7.leaf;t.per-
chaetial leaf; 9. leot apex; 10. omedian leof cells; 11. alar region; 12. capsuole.


Seooatophoyllooo adnatouo 1. loot; 2. pertchaeoial leof; 3. antheridial hod; 4. loot
   aps . meodian leat cells; 6. alar regiono. S. carolinianum:, 7. loaf; 8. pool-
 chaelial loot; 9. loot apex; It. median leof cells; 11. alar region; 12. capsuole.


Soooooopholo, adhnatum: 1. teot; 2. podochootial loat; 3. oothooidial hood; 4. loot
apex; 5. medihan leot cells; 6. alar region. S. carolinioanum: 7. leot; 8. pool-
chaeotial loot; 9. loot apex; 10. meodion loot celts; 11. alarorogion; 12. copsul.



PLATE 95                                                             AT95PTE9


PLATE 95


PLATE 95


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                               90 0









9o,,,,tophlumcsio sum: 1, 2. lae;3. perichaetial leaf; 4, meodian lef  els

  apex; 10. mdianlef cell; 11. alar rgion.


f .30 4                                   O





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Semtoph}'llum casitsm        1, 2. leaves; 3. perbchaetial leaf; 4. meodian 1eaf cells;
  5. 1eaf apex; 6. a1ar region, Aproporio osollii: 7. leaves; 8. capsules; 9. leaf
  apex; 10. meodian leaf cells; 11. alar region.


Se-Luoophyll,,,ocaespitosum:, 1, 2. leaves; 3.perichaetial leaf;4. median leaf clls;
  5. le3f apex; 6. alar region. Acroperium smallti: 7. 1eaves; 8. capsu.les; 9. leaf
  apex; 10. medoian leafcells; 1b. alar regon.



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PLATE 97


PLATE 97 PLATE 97                                                        PAE9


PLATE 97


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Anomodon0 attenatus:1. leaves; 2. leaf apex. A. rostratus: 3. leaves; 4. leaf apex. Aoodo totoho';2.lfop.A.oooo 3lo';4.k              op.
  A. minor, 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex.Aotit;9.oo.6lof


Anomodon attenuatus: 1. leaves; 2, leaf apex. A. rostratus: 3. leaves; 4. leaf apex.
  A. minor: 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex.


Antomodon ttentus ot 0leaves;2. leafpex.A. rostrtus: 3. leaves; 4.lef pex;.
  A. mior: 5. leaves;6.leaf pex.



PLATE 98


PLATE 99 PLATE 98                          PAE9


PLATE 98


A


I IIi


6 .12


6 . 92


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1 .30


7I.3o    1.33


7 3o


1 .30


7 .30


7


Thelia hhrtolla: 1. leaf; 2. basal leaf marogin; 3. loof apex; 4. clls showing papillae;
5. paraphyllia; 6. capsule. T. asprella: 7. leaf; 8. loof apex; 9. cels hoowing


Theiao hirtello: 1. leaf; 2. basal leaf margin; 3. leaf apex; 4. cells showoing papillae;
5. paraphyllio; 6. capsule. T. ooproIlo; 7. loof; 8. loot apex; 9, collsoshooing


Thelia hirtella: 1. loot; 2. basal loot margin0; 3. loot apex; 4. clls showoing papillae;
5. paraphyllia; 6. capsul. T. asprolla: 7. loat; 8. leot apex; 9. cell showinog



PLATE 99PAT                                                                                    99P                                                          TE9


PLATE 99


PLATE 99


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11 =40


eskeaautrlis: 1.1leaves;2.1leaf1pex;3.1leafbase;4.cpsule;9. peristome and
  spores.EL.obscura: 6. leaves; 7. leaf apex; 8. coss section of leaf blade; 9.para-
  phyllia; 10. capsuole. L. graileseens: 11. leaves; 12. 1ea9 apex.


Lkeaaustralis 1. leave;2. ola   pe; 3. leafhase; 4.cpsul; 5. peisome an~d
  sporoesL. obscura: 6. leaves; 7. leaf apex; 8. cossosetonofOleaf blad;9.parao-
  phyllla; 10. capsul. L. gracleseens: 11. leaves; 12. leaf apex.


eskea australis 1.leaves; 2.leaf pex;9. ~lea bs; 4. cpsle;9. peristome and
  spores.EL.>oscura 6. leaves; 7. leaf apex; 8. cosso sectionoof leaf blade; 9. poo-
  phyllia; 10. capsule. L. gracileeens:10 1. leaves; 12. leof apex.




PLATE 100


PLATE 100                                         P  T  0


PLATE 100


5 .80


5 .30


5 . 3o


1,i30


1 .30


1 .30


>5


2  .3so


4    1


2 .3o


4


4


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6 .0


6 .30


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Thuidiumo~  delicatulum:o 1. stemo leaves; 2. branch leaves; 3. leaf apex; 4. para-
phyllia; 5. capsule. Haplocla.diumo micrpyllum: 6. ste leaves; 7. branchb
leaves; 8. leaf apex; 9. parapbyllia.


Thuidi,.o delhoooulo.. 1. stem leaves; 2. branch leaves; 3. leaf apex; 4. para-
phyllia; 5. capsule. Haplocladiumo    microphyfllum: 6. stemo leaves; 7. brancb
leaves; 8. leaf apex; 0. paraphyllia.


Thuoidium. delicatulm 1.,. tem eave; 2. branch leaves; 3. leaf apex; 4. para-
phyllia; 5. capsul. 00..plocbodium, m.icrophyllum:o 6. stem leaves; 7. branch
leaves; 8. leaf apex; 0. parapbolli.



PLATE 101


PLATE 101 PLATE 101PLT10


PLATE 101


40


I


2


4


2


2


I_


4


3 .30


3 .30


3 .30


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6.30


6 .3


5.30


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9.0 10.30


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14 .3o


14.30


16


16


16


15


15


15


13. 3o


17


13. 3o


1,


13.30


17


Tfoofiooa,oofoioooofoo 0. apex of branoh fool; 2. paraphyllia; 3. peoichactial foof;
4. basalomaginoofperihactiallfo. T. oiootofoo  . branchfoof; 6. tunlef;
7.apexof branchlef;. parphylli. T. affoo0;  . tem lef;1. branch leaf;
if. apoo of branch fool; 12. paoaphoylfia. T. inolvenoo: 13. st00m 1ea1; 04. booooh
fool; 15. paraphyllia; 16. lower portoof ota; 17. apex oflbrancholeaf.


fTo; liom schisocalyx: 0. apex of boaooh foal; 2. paoaphyllia; 3. pooiohaetial fool;
4. basal marginof peofohaooia lef. T.omintulum: 5. brancholeaf;. temolea;
7. apex of brancoh leaf; 8. parapbyllia. T. allenii: 9. stoem leaf; 10. brancho leaf;
1f. apoex of broaoch fool; 02. paraphoyllia. T. noofoooo 13. stoom lefoo; 04. booooh
fool; 15. parapboyllia; 16. lowooo portion of sta; 1f. apex of boaooh foal.


Tfoofiooo,, scsocalyx:foo 0. opeo of booaooh fool; 2. poraphyllia; 0. poofofooodof lool;
4. hoofl maoognoof pookfoootiolfleaf. T. ooiootofooo 5. banch fool; 6. stem leaf;
7. apex of brancoh foal; 0. paraphyllia. T. offooff; 9. stoem leaf; 10. branch leof;
11. opeo of hbo0nc lfo; 02. paraphyffo. T. inolveno: 13. stouo lefoo; 04. booooh
fool; 15. ooooohofffo; 16. fowoor ortioo of seta; 17. apex of booooh fool.














1 x30




f '=


PLATE 102










       2 ,o  o



















            /5


I x so


27



     J                     4


PLATE 102


I x 30


PLAOTE 102









                2            DO





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                    1)     o


6 x3u


Hypopterygium tamar ,,      : 1. lateral leaf; 2. ventral leaf; 3. branch; 4. leaf
  base; 5. leaf apex. i..br o.      aelii: 6. leaf; 7. leaf base; S. leaf apex.


base; 5. lea ape..  3   3<roi rmceli; 6. leaf; 7. leaf base; 8. lea apex.


HpI0ptIPyium o, arI c   : lll1.lterl laf;2.ventrl leaf; . branch; 4.1lef




PLATE 103


PLATE 103


los












5 x 1


0<


4


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  1 x 15


PLATE 103










   1             1















   5 .15


8 .15


uu





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  6


5 .15


8 .15s


6


Cyclodictyso vaias: 1. leaf; 2. leaf ipex; 3. capsl; 4. perism and spores.
Caice.s.itella pallida: 3. Roaf; 6. median maorginal cells; 7. Roaf ipex; 8. capsul;
9. perisoeaspores.


Cycodityen varias: 1. lsof; 2. Roaf apex; 3. capsule; 4. perstome ond spores.
Collscslla palida: 3. leaf; 6. mian marginal celis; 7. Rotf apsx; 8. sapsule;
9. perisome snd spores.


Cycloietyonovaias: 1. lsof; 2. leaf ipso; 3. capsul; 4. psoissois and ipsres.
Caliostellai paollida:; 3. isai; 6. mesdian marginal sells; 7. soaf ipex; 8. spl;
9. perisome oand spors.












                           -        7
























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PLATE 105


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Neckeropsis disticha: 1. branch with cap sl; 2. 5operculu; 3. leaf; 4. basalleaf
clls; 5. peristome and spores. N. undlata: 6. leaf; 7.klefpex margin;
8. perihatialleaves andcpsule; 9.peitomes.


  Nceossdistika:r 1. branch with bapsule; 2. 0 operulu; 3. leaf; 4. basalleaf
cells; 5, perlstomeo and spores. N. un~dulata: 6. leaf; 7. lef pex magin;
.perichaetial leaves and capsule;9.peritomeo.


Neckrkoopidistidlo 1. banchtith cpslek;2. operculum;3. leaf; 4. basallef
   cel;5. peitomeo and spores. N. unsdulata: 6. leaf; 7. leafpextmagin;
 8. perichaetialleasansd capsule;9.peitomeo.















.30~


PLATE 106












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PLATE 106


PLAT 106PLAT 106PLATE 106


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cel1s near costa; 5. leaf apices; 6. median maginal leaf cells; 7. alttenuated,
denuoded branch.


Papilla-ok.grescens 1. stem..leave; 2. branch leaves; 3. leafbbas; 4. meodian leaf
  celbsnear ostao; 5.lef pice; 6. meodian. margial leaf ce11s; 7. attenuated,
  denu.ded branch.


Papilla-b nigrescens:; 1. tem1leaves; 2. branch leaves0; 3,leafbas;4.0mdian leaf
   l. nea costa; 5.leafapices; 6. mdian.,maginalleaf lls,;7. alttenuated,
   denu1ded branch.



PLATE 107


PLATE 107


PLATE 107


PLATEN/ 10-PAE 01PAE                                           0






                                            IR92








                                                             101(2






            I>










  .3o                                                 5 .jj        \j7

      6                    Rf .36


Barbella pendula: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. leaf base; 4. median marginal leaf cells.
Meteoriopsis patula: 5. leaves; 6. median marginal leaf cells; 7. leaf base.


Meteoriopsptula: 5.leaves; 6.medin margalef ce; 7. leafbas.


Barellapedla: 1.la;2 efae;3 efbs;4        einmria efcls
Meltoriopspatula 5.leave; 6. mdian mginal lefcell; 7.leaf bas.



PLATE 108














   2 x 30


PLATE 108PLT                                                                                                                     10


PLATE 108


13 .30


1 x 30


("2 .3o


3 .30


1 . 30


2 .30


3 .30


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Jaegerina scariosa: 1, 2, 3. leaves; 4. plants showing rhizomatous stem; S. median
  leaf cells; 6. leaf base; 7. leaf apex; 8. propagula.


aeina scroa  ,2  .lae;4   lns hwn   hzmtu   tm .mda


Jaegerina scariosa: 1, 2, 3. leaves; 4. plants showing rhizomatous stem; 5. median
  leaf cells; 6. leaf base; 7. leaf apex; 8. propagula.



PLATE 109















2


PLATE 109


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   2 <1.







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5   -70                                                             7


5lo                                                   7


Pireella poh lii: 1. 11af; 2. leaf apx  3. lea base; 4. prpglm     P. vbfla




PLATE 110


PLATE 110 PLATE 110PLT10


PLATE 110


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10


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     Psud     . p"   f Uelfer,: 1. stem. nihhread5-like branch; 2. leot tom. bronch;
3. stem loot; 4. meia dleaf ce lls; i. apicl Oleaf cells 6. alar region. Lcoon-o
topsis gooieulata 7. leaf; 8. median leaf cells; 9. apical leaf cells; 10. ala reogio..


t' .oloo ph.o , f.aollitora: 1. stemwit threadIike branch.; 2. loot to.m boranch;
  3. owtem loot; 4. moedion loot cells; 3. apicatloo cfdel; 6. alar regioo. Leoono-
  1 -pois . o:oool, oo  7. loot; 8. meodian loot cells; 9. apical loot cells; 1t. alar rgion.


Pooedwo. lho flaloolfooo. 1. stem. with thread-lie branch; 2. loot fom branch;
  3.oselef; 4,mdianolea lls; .pical leaf cll; .lar gionLeuedon-
  topioogei.eult7lea;t8. mdoialefols; .picalleatels;10.tlar reo.




PLATE 1I1


PLATE 101 ~PLATE 111PLT                                                                   1


PLATE 111


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Leucedon julaceus: 1. leaf; 2. capsule; 3. calyptra; 4, 5. lower an       pper pool-
chaooial leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. olar region; 8. meodian leaf cells; 9. peristomeo;
10. spores.


Leucodon, julaboool 1. leaf; 2. capsule; 3. calyptra; 4, 5. lower ad pper pei-
chaotial leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. alar begion; 8. median0 leaf cel1s; 9. pehistomeo;
10. spores.


Leoden julacbooooo  1. lef; 2.apsul; 3.  caopo; 4,5. owerad ppe pei-
chaetial leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. alar region; 8. meodian leaf cells; 9. perisomeo;
10. spores.



PLATE 112


PLAT           112PIAT            112PLATE 112


PLATE 112


2


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1-   V


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                I




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Leuco    I bahypus: 1. leaf; 2. medinlf cells; 3. lef apex.; 4. mal inflores-
  cence; 5,6.ower ad upper perichatialeave; 7.cpsul; 8. perisomeand


ce;,   6Ilower and pper pio ho1   leave; 7. capsul;8. peistaltic ad


Looucodo baco0ypus: 1.eaf; 2. medinlef celso;3. lef apex; 4.omlinflores-
  cenc; 5,6. lowe ad pper perchtal laves; 7. cpsule; 8.peristomeoand























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CrIphae g1lmerta: 1. 1eaf; 2. l apex; 3. leaf bse; 4.capsule and peiebacihl
  leave; 5. peristme an s13 pore. C. nrolsa: 6. leaf; 7. Alea apex. C. glomeraota
  var. s.abra: 8 0perichactial 11af.


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PLATE 116


PLAT           116PLIT           116PLATE 116


PLATE 116


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Anacaptodon splachnides        1. les  ; 2. 1eaf apex.; 3. mdialea cel s; 4. 1eaf
  base;5. pihaetialleaves; 6.cpsuleand calyptra; 7.l~dcpsul; 8. spors;
  9. peristosss.


Anacamptodonlsplchnids: 1.lve; 2. leafapex; 3. medianlef ll;4.1leaf
  bases;5. peichaetial leaves; 6. capsuleand calypta; 7.oldcpsule; .spoes;
  9. peristomes.


bas; 5. perichaetial leavs; 6. capsule and cal1ptra; 7. ld capsule; 8.spr;
9. perislsss.











c  c


-   c


   Cz





















   wzCu























































Az


C ' C


PLATE 118


PLATT 118118F l


PLATE 118


A  1 1C



   q\


I









7 i       I    >


l5 .12


   V      y2







      1    I12            2 .12



5 12 C o


        CC F 7 i

 C a    I         ' ?
 J        6       8


512


y





I


C                 I      1 12     2 12





       7 { (2


°
s


6


Foltinalis itih,, . 121 121,2,ave; 2. 8112211 1e1ves; 3. 11a8 apex; 4. afar 11eg2on.
F. flaccida: 5. leaf; 6. leaf apex; 7. me1dian1 leaf cells; 8. a1ar region1.


Font1,,ilsll21. 111     Ica-l; 2. branhleave;3.leaf pe; 4.  afar gion1.



PLATE 119


PLATE 119


PLATE 119


1; V 1' 1111



  )/Y
I'II'
1 . 12


81.12


r


    I  l 6 i


5? 1   t   v

   K J ThJ a


8 .12


511


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81x12


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ThU   J   I


ill


          .K





  Ft

10   I    1 1 1 1


    v              ;10    P 111    UI I'
                          III    12
                 I       I


Braehelyma robust um: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. median leaf cells; 4. cells from alar
region. Dichelyma capillaceum: 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. cells from alar region.
B..subulatum: 8. leaf; 9. leaf apex; 10. median leaf cells; 11. median marginal
cells; 12. cells from alar region.


Iv          1~~10 II      12 \(l
  \L 'J            ii       iI 12


Brachelyma robustum: 1. leaf; 2. leaf apex; 3. median leaf cells; 4. cells from alar
region. Dichelyma capillaceum: 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. cells from alar region.
B. subulatum: 8. leaf; 9. leaf apex; 10. median leaf cells; 11. median marginal
cells; 12. cells from alar region.



PLATE 120


PLATE 120 PLATE 120PAT12


PLATE 120


10



  02


/


  4 x12








I


D0






2


x 1Y


   4 x 12


   I


ill




    II


00







   2


^l1


l1 x12


4 2


SUE


Atih m a mttr:1. casl;2  pte ;3  pecl   .cpuewt


calyptra; 5. spores; 6. 1eaf; 7. median2 marginal leaf ce11s; 8, 9. cross sctions o
leaves.


Atrihum,2,,,guttu,,      1. capsul; 2. epithem2; 3. opercul1um2; 4. capsule22with
  calyptra; 5.2 soe; 6.leaf; 7.2median; marginalleafcells; 8, 9 cros2set2os2o
  leaves.







Oho)











jI      c
cci     O~o





& 0









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0


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           5








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  0


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4 .12;


I


i             Q




           CD

   6            7


      i      0


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    6            7


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   0


            0




            C
6                     7


n



0


Pog2on2tul,  brl,2hyphyll,,,  1. capsu1e; 2. spores,; 3.2calyp11a; 4. 1ea2; 5. c11ls1from
  capsle 11111; 6. basal marginal2 cells; 7. m11dian1 mar1ginal cells; 8. cross1sect2on
  of 1eaf.


Pl,12,1tum1 b,12117phll1111  1. c1ap1u1e; 2. sp11res; 3. ca1yp11a; 4. 12a2; 5. ce11s f11om,
  capsule wall]; 6. basal marginal1 ce11s; 7. median11  mar1ginalcells; 8.crsseto
  of11eaf.


Poag212l11   brac1hypl12,11   1. c1ps212; 2. 1211res; 3. calyp11a; 4. 1112; 5. cells fr11om
  casl  al;6  aa mria1els2.mdanmria2cls1.crs   eto




PLATE 123PLT                                                                                                  12PAT                                                             13


PLATE 123


PLATE 123


    Pgnt  pniaicum: 1. casl; 2. spors 3. ce fo      capsul wl

8. mdan magina cells 9. upprmaginal ce; 10. eve.


Pogonatum pensilvanicum: 1. capsule; 2. spores; 3. cells from     capsule wall;
  4. capsule with calyptra; 5. peristome; 6. leaf lamellae; 7. basal marginal cells;
  8. median marginal cells; 9. upper marginal cells; 10. leaves.


Pogonatum pensilvanicum: 1. capsul; 2. spores; 3. cells from capsule wall;
  4. capsule with calyptra; 5, peristome; 6. leaf lamellae; 7. basal marginal cells;
  8. median marginal cells; 9. upper marginal cells; 10. leaves.



PLATE 124


ILAIE 124 ~PLATE 124                        LT12


PLATE 124


2 .10


\C'7


;j 1 .1








2                        8 'I


U 10


7


             8 Me

~~~O hj   7l


1U\


     < oc0   ' t  ,rt 7

     0l    a 0008     JO
%777 00007          r1( -


Polytrichum  commune: 1. capsule with calyptra; 2. dry capsule; 3. peristome,
spores; 4. cells from capsule wall; 5. leaves; 6, leaf apex; 7. cross section of leaf;
8. median marginal cells.


Poltrchu  cmmue:1. casl wi3th calyptra; 2. dry capsul; 3. peitoe


Polytrichum commune: 1. capsule with calyptra; 2. dry capsule; 3. peristome,
spores; 4. cells from capsule wall; 5. leaves; 6. leaf apex; 7. cross section of leaf;
8. median marginal cells.




PLATE 125


PLAT           125PLXT             125PLATE 125


PLATE 125


3                  h


                   4








KV°


   1








1E 5



C


   7


l







V2


   LEC'W4





1













       6I
                        7


5


x3


4














         >7


                                                   10
















              11            13                        12        6           14



6. stmlef 7. crs etose.S        rtrclx 8, 9. dora an~d vetralsds

of banh; 12. stenlaf; 13. divided cells, tipper prtion Af stmlaf;
14. cortica es ofsftem.


                                                     10
















                                   13                       14
Sphgummaglisli,2    1, 2 osal and ventrl sisds   mdin el fbrancsh

  6. stemssleaf; 7. cs section, stem. S. rythrocalyx: 8, 9.dsl ad venrl sds
  of mediancells ofbranchleaf; 10. crss so,banh lef;lt. coril cels
  of1 branch; 12. sem leaf; 13. divided cells, upper, poriono stems Isaf;
  14.coticl cll~sofse.


                                                     10


















5,I g on isgslss 1, 2. dosl and ventrtAsids ofmedian cllf branch
  leaf; 3. branch leaf; 4. crs~ssetion,, brancsh lsaf; 5. cortical clls of sts,,,;
  6. stemle;;7. crssseco, stem. S.s elhrocalyx 8, 9. dsa,.l  setrasids
  of medsins cellsof branchleaf; 103. crs,s sto,  brancsh laf;11. cicl clls
  oflbranch; 12. sem leaf; 13. divided cell, uppss portio   fs ernle,Iaf;
  14. cortil cellss.






Q    Man




     i -ate


P    e'


PLATE 126


N


              PLATE 126

Q 4   O7^




       1











   f '' L


     e

                  5




            CX3CP'


      4


8


  e         PLATE 126









T Q l


62







  3


        i
                                  8







                    i





          t
      11
               _    i   2 10       9
Sphagnum palustre: 1. habit of plant; 2. fascicle of branches; 3. perichaetium and
capsule; 4. cortical cells of branch; 5. cross section of branch; 6. cross section,
branch leaf; 7. branch leaf; 8, 9. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of
branch leaf; 10. dorsal side, apex of branch leaf, showing resorbed areas;
11. cortical cells of stem; 12. stem leaf.


11


    7
          i

    S
    'aifl




10         - 12..


                                  8






              7
                    i

              t 11

                4



          10           12 i        0
Sphagnum palustre: 1. habit of plant; 2. fascicle of branches; 3. perichaetmen and
capsule; 4. cortical cells of branch; 5. cross section of branch; 6. cross section,
branch leaf; 7. branch leaf; 8, 9. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of
branch leaf; 10. dorsal side, apex of branch leaf, showing resorbed areas;
11. cortical cells of stem; 12. stem leaf.


Sphagnum palustre: 1. habit of plant; 2. fascicle of branches; 3. perichaetmen and
capsule; 4. cortical cells of branch; 5. cross section of branch; 6. cross section,
branch leaf; 7. branch leaf; 8, 9. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of
branch leaf; 10. dorsal side, apex of branch leaf, showing resorbed areas;
11. cortical cells of stem; 12. stem leaf.



PLATE 127


PLATE 127


PLATE 127


0


















4


I D


    Q     00

      SC)





'r       Q4


10


I


I )


   0




   Q9





























12


  tk /










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    5






n








   10


2            ld






       L    8 -,







          7


 6










            413


C


   4













   I





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  14




12


               11
Sphagnum henryense: 1, 2. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of branch leaf;
3, cross section, branch leaf; 4. cortical cells of stem. S. imbricatnm: 5, 6. dorsal
and ventral sides of median cell of branch leaf; 7. cross section, branch leaf;
8. cortical cells, branch; 9. cortical cells, stem. S. portorieense: 10, 11. dorsal
and ventral sides of median cell of branch leaf; 12. cross section, branch leaf;
13. cortical cells of branch; 14. cortical cells of stem.


SphgIIul hye<e 1, 2. dora and vnral sides of meincllof brac leaf;
3. crs secio, branh a;. crical ellfofste. S.~imbicatum  5, 6. dorsal


and vental ids f mdian elof branh lef; 12. crosseci, branhlef;


8.crtca1cll,8 8rnc; 9. cori111cll, stem. S. potoiene 10, 11. dorsal
and ventrlsidesof median ll1of branch leaf; 12. cros cio, branch1lef;
















'I' °


PLATE 128






      0i






             0


7 n  ,


PLATE 128












  2           0


               0


r


PLATE 128





       8<     0





  2          0

                0          4
             3


              8                  10









                                   13

         12





14. cros ecion of ste.


                                 10












4. dorsal and     1enta  sies mdia cell of brnch1leaf;1. corialell,branch;
6. stem lef; 7.cossion2, branch lef. S. recur-m:2 8. ventrl v22,2moist
brh    ef; . dora id, drybranha;      0,11. dorsland vental sdesof
median12 cell of branch2 leaf, 12. stem 12af; 13. cros2setio, branc2h 1228;
14. cross seto of2 stem22.


          256













               9         1         1         1
                                   10











Sphg,2',,,,,2,"':2,,  1. facil of branches2; 2. peri2h2212222  and 2212su12; 3,
4. dorsa and vetal sides mediancl of 2branch lea; 5, corticl cell, branch;
  6. stem le; 17. crossetio, brac e1f S..22222222,,; 8.2vent2a121iew,moist

  mdian cel 218 brnc   leaf; 12. stem1leaf; 13. cros212t2o, branch81eaf;
  14. crs2 eto of st.2,2




         PLATEF 129















       2          3



I J                            5






                  i    IJ


PLATE 129                                   AT12


PLATE 129


r

   1


2


4


5


01
  5


10


10


           , 1         0          -                    dl                                        4 1                      -










      8    i/ 9                                         3                                                       Qaccc
                                   v-                I I I, J       J                            I I.

                             1';                              -     l     r  -. 1                  9     - - 1 /I  1  r  Y

                         a
                           12                                         12--                  8           'r~"- 11 12   \
                     11                                                                                          12
Sphagnum cuspidatum: 1. inside view, branch leaf; 2, 3. dorsal and ventral sides           Sphagnum cuspidatum: 1. inside view, branch leaf; 2, 3. dorsal and ventral sides            Sphagnum cuspidatum: 1. inside view, branch leaf; 2, 3. dorsal and ventral sides
of median cell of branch leaf; 4. dorsal margin, branch leaf; 5. cross section,            of median cell of branch leaf; 4. dorsal margin, branch leaf; 5. cross section,             of median cell of branch leaf; 4. dorsal margin, branch leaf; S. cross section,
branch leaf; 6. stem leaf. S. euspidatum var, serrulatum: 7. fascicle of branches;         branch leaf; 6. stem leaf. S. cuspidatum var. serrulatum: 7. fascicle of branches;          branch leaf; 6. stem leaf. S. cuspidatum var..s'errulatum: 7. fascicle of branches;
8. upper stem leaf; 9. dorsal margin, branch leaf; 10. cross section, branch leaf;         8. upper stem leaf; 9. dorsal margin, branch leaf; 10. cross section, branch leaf;          8. upper stem leaf; 9. dorsal margin, branch leaf; 10. cross section, branch leaf;
11. stem leaf; 12. cells from middle of stem leaf. 11. stem leaf; 12. cells from middle of stem leaf. 11. stern leaf; 12. cells from middle of stem leaf.




PLATE 130
























         6





   8             1


         P1LATE 130




















                        5



                 6





\          J              18


PLATE 130




















                5



         6




            )O I C 10


  12







13


14C


13


                 a
              11

Y







11



    14       9
                15


12


1[ 13













14       9 15


Sphagnum fitzgeraldii: 1. fascicle of branches; 2, 3. dorsal and ventral sides of
median cell of branch leaf; 4. cross section, branch leaf; 5, 6. branch leaves;
7. stem leaf. S. subsecundum: 8, 9. branch leaves; 10, 11. cross sections, branch
leaves; 12, 13. cross sections of stem; 14, 15. dorsal and ventral sides of median
cell of branch leaf.


Sphagnum fetageraldii: 1. fascicle of branches; 2, 3. dorsal and ventral sides of
median cell of branch leaf; 4. cross section, branch leaf; 5, 6. branch leaves;
7, stem leaf. S. subsecundum: 8, 9. branch leaves; 10, 11. cross sections, branch
leaves; 12, 13. cross sections of stem; 14, 15. dorsal and ventral sides of median
cell of branch leaf.


Sphagnum fetzgeraldii: 1. fascicle of branches; 2, 3. dorsal and ventral sides of
median cell of branch leaf; 4. cross section, branch leaf; 5, 6. branch leaves;
7. stem leaf. S. subsecundum: 8, 9. branch leaves; 10, 11. cross sections, branch
leaves; 12, 13. cross sections of stem; 14, 15. dorsal and ventral sides of median
cell of branch leaf.





















4<,I


PLATE 131








   /


         e4


I


            II   0





 6





             I O


  yy         it


                 pn 8    9

1   12                     c


       PLATE 131




















J                 0

















                2' O










          110


33










   ;<



      3>3


PLATE 131








                J


      A l
      2     °3





              5


3>3


1;























I


     12'










2'            2', 8    3


On1
Sphagnum cyclophyllum: 1. plant habit; 2, stem leaf; 3, 4. dorsal and ventral sides
of median cell of branch leaf; 5. cross section, branch leaf. S. macrophvllum:
6, fascicle of branches; 7. branch leaf; 8. dorsal side, median cell of branch leaf.
S. macrophyllum var. fioridanum: 9. dorsal side, median cell of branch leaf;
10. cross section, branch leaf; 11. cross section, stem; 12. stem leaf.


Sphagnum cyclophyllum: 1. plant habit; 2. stem leaf; 3, 4. dorsal and ventral sides
of median cell of branch leaf; 5, cross section, branch leaf. S. macrophvllum:
6. fascicle of branches; 7. branch leaf; 8. dorsal side, median cell of branch leaf.
S. macrophyllum var. fioridanum: 9. dorsal side, median cell of branch leaf;
10. cross section, branch leaf; 11. cross section, stem; 12. stem leaf.


Sphagnum cyclophyllum: 1. plant habit; 2. stem leaf; 3, 4. dorsal and ventral sides
of median cell of branch leaf; S. cross section, branch leaf. S. macrophvllum:
6. fascicle of branches; 7. branch leaf; 8. dorsal side, median cell of branch leaf.
S. macrophvllum var. fioridanum: 9. dorsal side, median cell of branch leaf;
10. cross section, branch leaf; 11. cross section, stem; 12. stem leaf.



              PLATE13







   IO


















8                       1





     b  hi 3, 4  rn1dd  i  1i1b  ~hi  ; 4
 8. hif;  , 1. d 1~d ld  ~ i~  d1~  ~  ~3



    k~f; 14


1


      PLATE 132


        O



                               0


        2


                                  4


                 3





I 7i ky. i '.


PLATE 132


  O



                         0
                         O




                            4
           3


                          7
                                             0

        6
                                             0 0

                                                  0
                                            0    0
                                                 0



                                                 11





           8                     10
                        9


                                                     I


  30C                                                I
                G,--
                                    13          14
Sphagnum --sterfianum: 1. branch leaf; 2. dorsal side of cells below apex of
  branch leaf; 3, 4. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of branch leaf; i. cross
  section, branch leaf; 6. cortical cells of branch leaf; 7. stem leaf. S. meridense:
  8. branch leaf; 9, 10. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of branch Icaf;
  11. ventral side of cells below apex of branch leaf; 12, 13. cross sections, branch
  leaf; 14. stem leaf.


                       J i11




                8             10







                      121









seto, branch lea; 6. corica  cells f branh lef; 7.E~ stmla. S. meiene



PLATE 133PAT                                                                                                            13PL                                                                  E13


PLATE 133


PLATE 133


4












8


Kt


               11
10


  Y















k












8


K5





















90


10


8


90


             1






0










    7-
                   7
    0














                    11
      10


      12                   13          1\\
Sphagnum tenerum.: 1. stem leaf; 2, 4. ventral and dorsal sides of median cell of
  branch leaf; 3. cross section, branch leaf; 5. cortical cells of branch; 6. dorsal
  margin, branch leaf; 7. branch leaf. S. tabulare: 8. branch leaf; 9. dorsal margin,
  branch leaf; 10, 11. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of branch leaf; 12,
  13, 14. cross sections, branch leaf.


                                      j
      12                   13          14
Sphagnum tenerum: 1. stem leaf; 2, 4. ventral and dorsal sides of median cell of
  branch leaf; 3. cross section, branch leaf; 5. cortical cells of branch; 6. dorsal
  margin, branch leaf; 7, branch leaf. S. tabulare: 8. branch leaf; 9. dorsal margin,
  branch leaf; 10, it. dorsal and ventral sides of median cell of branch leaf; 12,
  13, 14. cross sections, branch leaf.


branh lea; 3. crs setin branh lea; 5. cotia cels ofbranh; 6. dorsal


13, 14. crs etos branh leaf.







Index


Index


Index


Acaulo,1 32, 34
    rfse,34, P1. 32

 111111)1 30, P1. 93
   AMBYS .GIAEA, 65
811b]1 1eg14111 134
  confervoid111s, 134
A3)66otegiu11 66, 67
3 11111,111113, 67, 63, P1. 71
serpens,1 67, 68, Pb. 71
   vru,67 63. P1. 70
   varum ar lnifolium1, 68, P1. 70
A43)10310o, 111
1)pl,111611ide1, 111,3P1. 116
Amndn 31, 32
    3teuts   2, 93,3P1. 37
    mio,92, P1.397
    3etan,85, 32, Pl. 37
 (tristi), 31
 Aphaorrhegma0, 47, 60
   .erau, 33, P1. 32

Arc41dium, 11

alenflua 11, 12, P. 1
Aflorid3  33.., 40  3 P.1
hallii,1611313l111,   40, P   33

l1ngl 41,11, 1, P. 12
(3),11,11)11), 117Pl 1


Atr411chum1, 117

(11111613)1113, 117


   67111ticum 556,1 88l). 37


   8116el1a 102, 103
   pendul1), 103 Pl. 107
   811161111 33, 41
   agraria,1 41, 42, P. 41
   cruegeri,1 41, 37, Pb.41

   Brachelyma,1 113, 113
   robustum,111 115, l 113
   116111,111111 11, l 113
   8111171013)11111  38, 62
   mac17ro17a11)1111  62, Pb. 66
   13113611m 62, P)1 63

   81111163)16114113), 71
   Brachythecium, 7, 731.7
   3)11111)6),u7, 72,)1. 75
   11117,11,, -11, 72, 7 3, Pb. 76
   p-   , li11111e, 72, P.73,b7
   1(4lu141111), 73
   811116)11   7, 1 3, 4   7


   1113)1711110), 14, 13, P. 13
   (py,171,, 3
   8ru11i, 3  1

      1131111 14,3, 33, P. 63



   bicol3)11, 33, 68, P1. 62



269


Aca11161, 42, 34
1111e11en11 34, P1. 32
A111,)11111113  88, 33)
1111113)1 33, P1. 31

411116110101.81 134
1111f1117111471  134
Am)blystgium,1 66, 67
3111111111111111 67, 68, P1. 71
1713)111 6768, Pb.7l
11111111116763. P1.70


var11111111  32r la3ciolium 37  l.7
1111111)1 32n 1113
splchoies I1,)3 .11
Anhomodon,7g391, 472 3
.1111111,111, 9, P1. 32 9
411-61492, Pl. 17

rostrat, 5,12, l. 10

Aphaorrbeg33, 4,5


Archidi113, 11


  Barbel11, 102, 103
  p1114u1), 103, Pl1 107
  Barbula,1 33, 41
  agraria,11 41, 42, P)1 41
  cruegeri,1 41, 37, Pl. 41

  81,1761113)1 113, 113
  robust1)11, 115, Pl. 113
  11611)1111, 115, Pl. 113
  811111)3)1111113  5, 62
  3)11771111171111 62, P1. 63
  13)111)611)1 62, P)1 63

  8111176)61176.13  71
  11111111111)113  72, Pl1 711
  fla1gellare, 72, 73, P)1 73
  pe1111113)1 72,3P1 74

  r11)11111111 72, 73, P)1 76
  111161111-a,72, 73, Pl1 74

  Bru7611 13, 14

  d1113)1111,114, 14, 13l. 14


  rav, !!3  18 Pl 1



  6)711)111 33, 60, P)1 62
  (6111111) 60


263


4711111111 32, 34
1uf7111n11 34, Pl. 32
411113)1111111  88, 33)



c63)6rvoid111 134
411161)1173)1111 66, 67
111111)161111113 67, 68, Pl1. 71
serpens,1 6, 68, Pl. 71
  1111113 67, 63. P)1 70
  11111111111111  111111(11111,n68, Pb. 78
81111713)3)114111  11)
13p1a1h61id17, III, P). 116





Aphan11ohegma1, 47, 30


Archi)dium1, 11

6113)11our, 11, 12, . 1

florid13) 33, 40    l.1
hall11,1112)113,  48, 10 1 3
A1147611,11  11  2 P.1



1111411)1111161


  B111611111 102, 103
  7111411)1 103, Pl 10)7
  8116111, 33, 41
  113)1113)1 41, 42, P). 41
  1111)13)17 41, 97, Pl. 41
  8,1111111111111711113  116

  811767)711l1 113 82.11
  3)1111)11111)311 , 62 . 3))16

  81176y6714i3), 71 6
  111113)1111)113, 72, P)1. 73
  m113)1iu0, 72, 733.  73

  3)1111111at, 7, 72,)1. 75
  11ag11-11, 72, 73,3Pl. 75
  p11)1111111ii, 72, 733). 74
  13)3)14111-, 73

  Bruc6)11, 13, 14
  111171611111, 14, P)1. 14
  411111113)3, 14, 13, Pb. 13
  drummondii143, 14, 13, P)1. 14



  8y11, 38
  argen111)eum3, 38, 33, P)1. 63)
  bicolor1, 33, 60, 3)). 62
  (6)11m13), 68


269




270          MOSSES OF FLORIDA


20MSE OF LOIA270  MOSSES OF FLORIDA27MOSS FFL IA


270          MOSSES OF FLORIDA


caFillare, 59, 60, Fl. 62
coronatum,, 58, 59, Fl. 61
cruegeri0, 59, 61, Fl. 63
cusFidatum, 59, 60, Fl. 61
pseudotriquetru,. 99, 60, Fl. 63

Cal10costella, 99
pallida, 99, Fl. 103
(sabriseta), 99
CALSMFORACEAE0, 26
CalyRFeres, 26
donneflli, 27, 20, 29, Fl. 27
7 10010,0), 28
  eooom, 27, 20, Fl. 27
  oashii, 27, Fl. 26
  riobhardii, 27, Fl. 26
Cooopylium, 66
Obrylophbllo w, 66, Fl. 69
Opl7OODOiOi  , 66, 67, Fl. 69
radisale, 66, Fl. 69
CampopF, 10, 20
anguosirti, 21, 22, Pl. 21
arctocarp0, 21, Fl. 20
dsonel, 21, 22, Fl. 22
flexosusl, 21, 23, Fl. 20
gracilicau1lis, 21, 22, Fl. 22
(3, osilloolli, var. donellii), 22
introflexus, 21, Fl. 21
(Chamberlalii acuminata01), 12
Cirriphyllumo, 71, 74
(601011), 74
ileerm 74, Fl. 70
Clasmatodon, 111, 112
parvu100, 112, Fl. 115
CLIMAIACEAE0, 76
Climaciumo, 76
011151000000, 76, Fl. 80
kindbegii, 77
Coyphoso, 109
glomeratao, 109, Fl. 114
gOlo,,t varso. sabra, 110, Fl. 114
nervosa, 109, 110, Fl. 114
CRYPHAEACEAEo, 109
Cyclodictyon, 99, 100
varians, 100, Fl. 103

DeslooO, 33, 07
(barbu10), 30
garoberi, 37, 38, Fl. 37
Fplnthobius, 37, 30, Fl. 37
(spFenglii, 37
Dicheolyma, 113, 115
0073000500m, 110, Fl. 119
DICRANACEAE, 18
Dicranell, 10
herminierl, 10, 19, Fl. 10
heteomaoll, 19, 20, Fl. 19


hilarianao, 10, 19, Fl. 18
1Fb050000070, 10, 19, Fl. 19
0ari0, 19, 20, Fl. 19
Dicranum0, 10, 23
odoolololo, 23, Fl. 23
scoparium, 134
Didyomodoo, 33, 41
fouscoviridis, 41, Fl. 30
DITRICHACEAE0, 13
Ditrichum, 14, 16
currtukii, 17, Fl. 16
FalliduOD, 17, Fl. 17
p0sillum, 134
Foooopothsoiooo, 79, 00, 05
caloosens, 85, P1. 91
FEntodon, 77
clodorhizan, 77, 70, Fl. 02
(drumonodii), 70
macropFus, 77, 70, Fl. 83
seductrix, 77, 70, 71. 01
FNODOoooEoo,so,77
Fntosthodon, 47, 49
drumondooii, 49, Fl. 49
FPHEMERACEAE, 44
FEphImDrum, 44, 45
c0haerans, 45, 46,Pl. 45
crassinerviu0m00, 450, Pl. 450
1730010--, 45, Fl. 44
FRODRIACEAE, 92
Fucldiumo, 33, 30
verticillotum, 30, 97, Fl. 36
(FoolhyochioR), 74, 71
(hians), 74
(rappii), 79
(sooo1000,o, 70

Fabonoia, 111, 112
ra.0nelii, 112, Fl. 102
FAOROOIAOEAO, 110
Fissidens,1
odihoisdo, 2, 9, Fl. 1
andeoi, ol2,6,FPl6
brycides, 2, 4, 5, Pl. 3
cristatus, 2, 0, 9, PF. 1
debilis 1, 3, Fl. 1
dOoooolli, 2, 10, Fl. 9
exiguus, 2, 6
e0i0001 var. (01catu1us, 6, Fl. 6
(falcatluso), 11
garbri, 2, 7,FPl
halli, 2, 11, Fl. 4
(julianus), 3
kegelianuso, 2, 3, Fl. 2
(litleil), 11
manates0is, 1, 3, Fl. I
minutluso, 2, 4, P1. 3


caFillOr0, 09, 60, Fl. 62
corooatum, 58, 59, Fl. 61
cruegeri, 59, 61, Fl. 60
cuspidatum, 59, 60, Fl. 61
7003010131000000, 09, 60, Fl. 63

Calliostella, 99
Falida, 99, Fl. 103
(scabriseta1), 99
CALY<MPERAEAER, 26
CalympFeres, 26
.Ioooellii, 27, 20, 29, Pl. 27
(emersum), 28
erosum0, 27, 20, Fl. 27
001hii, 27, Fl. 26
richardi, 27, Fl. 26
Coompliumo, 66
Ohrylophllom, 66, Fl. 69
Folygamum1, 66, 67, Fl. 69
sodicale, 66, Fl. 69
CampylFou, 10, 20
3olgostiooti, 21, 22, Fl. 21
arct0oFrpus 21, Fl. 20
donnelhl, 21, 22, Fl. 22
flexosusl, 21, 23, Fl. 20
grooiliooohos, 21, 22, Fl. 22
(gracilicaulis var. donnlli), 22
inoflexuso, 21, Fl. 21
(Cohmbelainia a000i0010), 72
Cirriphyllumo, 71, 74
(Oooofl), 74
illecebrum, 74, Fl. 70
Clasmatoldon, 111, 112
70000101, 112, Fl. 110
CLIMACIACEAEo, 76
Climaciumo, 76
000110000,0, 76, Fl. 80
kindbegii, 77
Coyphoso, 109
glomerata, 109, Fl. 114
glomeratao var. scab-o, 110, FL. 114
0erv010, 109, 110, Fl. 114
CRYPHAEACEAEOF, 109
Cyclodictyon, 99, 100
0003001, 100, Fl. 100

Dsmatodon, 33, 37
(6006010), 36
garbori, 37, 30, Fl. 37
plinthobius, 37, 00, Fl. 37
(lsproOgslii), 37
Dichelymao, 113, 115
oopillooso,0, 110, Fl. 119
DICRANACEAE, 18
Dicranella, 10
hermiieri, 10, 19, Fl. 18
heteomaollo, 19, 20, Fl. 19


hilariana, 10, 19, Fl. 18
1710010000070, 10, 19, 71. 19
00010, 19, 20, Fl. 19
Diclrnum, 10, 23
ondesatuo~, 23, Fl. 23
10070r001, 134
Didymoodon, 33, 41
fuscoviridis, 41, Fl. 40
DIoTRICHACEA, 13
Dioichuo, 14, 16
currituckii, 17, Fl. 16
Fallidum, 17, Fl. 17
Fu03llum, 134
Ectropothecium, 79, 00, 85
caloosiense, 85, P1. 91
Fntodon, 77
cladorrhizans, 77, 70, Fl. 02
(drumonodii), 70
macrop0us, 77, 70, Fl. 63
seductrix, 77, 70, Fl. 01
FoooOOoTAo0R,,77
Fnosthbodon, 47, 49
drummondii, 49, Fl. 49
FPoEMRACEAE, 44
Fpbemerumo, 44, 43
cohaerans, 45,46,Pl. 45
crassinervium,0, 450, Pl. 45
spinulsum,, 40, Fl. 44
FRPORIACEAE, 92
Fuladium,, 30, 30
verticillotumo, 36, 97, Fl. 36
(Eurhynchium), 74, 70
(h0001), 74
(raFii), 70
(sooololom,t75

Fabonia, 111, 112
oooeoelii, 112, Fl. 102
FABOIACEAER, 110
Fisidool, 1
adianthides, 2, 9, Fl. 1
oodsoooii, 2,6,FPl.6
broido,, 2, 4, 5, Fl. 3
cristatus, 2, 8, 9, FL. I
debili, 1, 3, Fl. I
doooollii, 2, 10, Fl. 9
exiguus, 2, 6
exiguus va. falcatlus, 6, Fl. 6
(falcatluo), 11
garberi, 2,7,FPl5
halli, 2, 11, Fl. 4
(jolioool), 3
Osgolioooo, 2, 0, Fl. 2
(little), 11I
manateenis, 1, 3, Fl. I
minutulus, 2, 4, Pl. 3


caFill0re, 09, 60, Fl. 62
0000natu0,58, 59,FP. 61
srugoo, 59, 61, Fl. 60
OulpidOOOO., 59, 60, Fl. 61
Fseudotriquetrum, 59, 60, Fl. 63

Calllotollo, 99
Falibda, 99, Fl. 103
(sabriseta),99
CALYMPERACEA, 26
Calymes, 26
doooolli, 27, 20, 20, Fl. 27
(ooooooot,28
00010,0, 27, 20, Fl. 27
001hi1, 27, Fl. 26
richardii, 27, Fl. 26
Camopyliumo, 66
chryophyllum, 66, Fl. 69
polygamum,, 66, 67, Fl. 69
radicale, 66, Fl. 69
Camopylopus, 10, 20
angusiretis, 21, 22, Fl. 21
arctocarpus, 21, Fl. 20
doonelhi, 21, 22, Fl. 22
flsooso, 21, 23, Fl. 20
goooilioools, 21, 22, Fl. 22
(gracilicaulis var. donnellii), 22
introflexus, 21, Fl. 21
(Chamberlainia osooloolo), 72
Cirriphyllums, 71, 74
(60,011), 74
illecebrumo, 74, Fl. 70
Clooooosdoo, 111, 112
7oooolo, 112,FPl. 110
CLooooooooooo, 76
Climaiumo, 76
oosoicoooo, 76, Fl. 0
kindogii, 77
Cryphae, 100
glomerat, 109, Fl. 114
gloosooloova. 100600, 110, P. 114
0000010, 109, 110, Fl. 114
CRYPHAEACEAEo, 109
Cyclodictyo, 09, 100
0001001, 100, Pl. 100

Desmatodo, 33, 07
(barbula), 30
garberi, 37, 30, Fl. 37
plinthobius, 37, 30, Fl. 07
(oposogohii), 37
Dicholyoso, 113, 113
oopilloosoo, 110, Fl. 119
DIOORANACEAE, 10
Dicraneflla, 10
heroiniori, 10, 19, Fl. 10
heomaloooa, 19, 20, Fl. 19


hilorian, 10, 19, Fl. 18
176000000070, 10, 19, P1. 19
00010, 19, 20, Fl. 19
Dicranum, 10, 23
candensatum, 23, Fl. 23
scoparium0, 134
Didyoodoo, 03, 41
fooscooiridi, 41, Fl. 40
DITRICHACEA, 13
Ditoichoum, 14, 16
currituckii, 17, FL. 16
pallidum0, 17, Fl. 17
pusillum, 134

Fooropothooioo, 79, 00, 85
calssooss, 85, Fl. 91
Fntodon, 77
clodorrhizan, 77, 70, Fl. 02
(drummondii), 70
00000701, 77, 76, Fl. 83
seductri, 77, 70, P1. 01
FooOROooooEAo, 77
Fntostbodo, 47, 49
drummodii, 40, Fl. 49
FEPHEMERACEAE0, 44
Fphsoeoom, 44, 40
cohaerso, 45, 46, 71. 40
crasineiumoo, 45,Pl. 45
171001010,,45, Fl. 44
FRoODlooooo, 92
Foslodioum, 30, 38
verticillatum, 36, 07, Fl. 36
(Eurhynchium), 74, 73
(bioo,(, 74
(0077117, 70
(serrulolum), 79

Fabonoio, 111, 112
oavoselii, 112, Fl. 102
FABoRONIoAEA, 110
Fissidons,l1
adianthide, 2, 9,71. 1
andesonii,2,6,FPl.6
bryoidoo, 2, 4, 0, Pl. 3
cristatu, 2, 0, 9, Fl. 1
debls 1, 3, Pl. 1
doooslli, 2, 10, Fl. 0
exiguu, 2, 6
exiguus va. folcaolus, 6, Fl. 6
(folsotluso), 11
garberi, 2, 7, PI. 5
halli, 2, 11, Fl. 4
(julianu), 3
kegelianu, 2, 3, Fl. 2
(hbtlol), 11
manatee-oi, 1,3,Pl. 1
minutluso, 2,4,7Pl3




INDEX


271  INDEX27INE21


271


INDEX              271


,,6tusif,,li,,, 2, 5, P1. 8
  ("e" ), 11
  r b, l;,,, 2, 3, P1. 3
  pol73Dl4,,'lde, 2, 9, P1. 8
  puilr 2, 4, P1. 3
  ,,a,,,,2, 10, P1. 9
    nh2, 7,. 7

 sulbblilaris, 2, 8, P1. 8

 taxifol611s, 2, 10, P1. 8
 (tmtiliN, 5
 viridlus,2,5, P1.3
 viridlusa,. t1,111,, 87,P1. 3

P3XIAXACEAa, 113
Fontinalis1i, 113
disticha, 113, 114, P1. 118
3f,,ifr, 113, 114, P1. 117
fla,,idla, 113, 114,Pb. 118
     noa-nla,113, Pl. 117

   114, P1. 117
FPoasatmea, 136, 138
ltrih6,,,itria, 138, P1. 113
     tihmti  r.floiana,, 139,
  Pb. 113
    trihomtra vr, ramera,109,
  Pb. 113
3,1,1,14,, 47, 43
31,,, 3.,,,, 48, P1. 48
hygrometrlica,, 48, 43, P1. 47
hygrometrica, 1,1. patuIlI, 48
  ,eraa, 48, 43, P1. 48
3EX4IEIAE, 47

Grmmia, 43, 44
laevig~ata, 44, P1. 42
C,,l,,1IAC3E,,,, 42
Grouhtel, 53
,a-ronf,,6a, 53, PI. 33
Gymnostomaiella,, 32, 33
orcutt~ii, 33, P1. 32
GymnostomumlI, 32, 37
    cacru,37, P1. 38

Haplocladiuma, 31, 98
mi,,aophyllum, 38, P1. 138
Halhmeim      31
tiste, 31, Pb. 36
H,doiigi,,, 43
   ciit,43, P1. 42
Heptnerm     31
   3ocae   1, Pb. 36
Hoalot1heciella, 71, 75


fabroniflia, 73, 78, P1. 77
subc.apillata, 78, 76, Pb. 78

13g3,aml,6lllgiu.,, 88, 70
(irrigu,,,,,, 73
   tn,73, P1. 73
113,,phillI, 32, 34
  Iotua, 34, P1. 34
HX,1XI3EAF, 79


li,,dbrgii, 88, P1. 84

Hp,p,agiu,,, 38
t13n141,,lilll, 38, P1. 132

Iso1ptcrygium, 73, 82
   mcn,82, P1. 87
 mlicnlD var, 316 1,1, 83

 3.a3,,3ia, 184
 scroa 134, 183, P1. 138
 3,,,ghnoplis squarrosa),, 104

 LepidopilumI, 33, 133
 po1lytrichoide43, 133, P1. 134
 Lepto1b71um, 38, 81
 pyrifrme,, 61, P1L 84
 Leptodfrl,,,,, 86, 63


 sipho1, 63, 70, P1. 72
 trichopodium,,, 83, 73, P1. 73
 (Leptodon trich3Ditri), 138
 ,Lskea, 31, 34
    3utals  4, 33, P1. 33
 g.aciIecnDD, 34, 38, P1. 33
 obsca.,, 34, 33, P1. 33
 LESEEA~,E, 33
 IE,1E113,131,E, 23

 Leucobryum,, 24
 albidum, 23, Pb. 23

 glau,111, 23, 28, P1. 24
 1Leucodon1, 186, 187
 brachypus,108, P1. 112
    jlcu,188, P1. 111
bE3.133111343E11E, 106
Leucodonto111psis, 186, 137
(floridana),, 137
  geniculata131, 137, P1. 118
L,6,6,a,41,, 32, 48
  barbula31, 33, P1. 34

Macromitriuml1, 33, 34


obtusaifoius,, 2, 3, P1. 5

31llui13s1, 2, 3, P1. 3
polypod4ioi4d, 2, 3, P1. 8
p,,,ill-,, 2, 4, P1. 3
,-,,4<,,,,, 2, 13, P1. 3
  rvnlii, 2, 7, P1L 3
  reesei, 2,7, PI.7

  repandus83, 2, 1, P1. 8
  (ubalri,, 3 ,8  l

  taxifolu,l,. 2 ,,,1, 10 ,   7,. 8 1


  41,6dulu, 113, 1 P. 11
  vir3,idl, 113, 114nu, 51, 17 l

  Fonini,,,,,!a 1113 b   1
    ditiha 13 11,61f18a 13
  fiioms    1,114, P . 117
  flaceia, i11, 16, 13811
    naeaga,18, P. 11
  Pbaeagla 113    cmbfla,13
  Pb, 1
111,,,,,!, 47, 43, 0
trichomitria4, 10P. 83
  Pl    481 4,11.4
  trichmitria3 3a.ime, 319,4
  P61,13.,3.pll,,4

  hygrome11ia, 48, 4, P1. 4

  ser. a,1<3 48, 49 P7 4

Gimm,,,i, 43, 44
   lavgt,44, P1. 42
0111133314E,1l, 42

,,,aa,,if,,lia, 53, PI. 53
G71,l11,a,,116,,3,, 32, 33
orcuttii1, 33, P1. 32
Gymnostomum1,ll,, 32, 37
calcareum13, 37, P1. 36

Haplocladium,, 31, 38
m1i,',rp67311,,, 38, Pb. 133

t6i3t1, 31, P1. 36
11,,4,igi,, 43
ciliata, 43, P3. 42

toccoa,19,1, Pb. 36
Homa,,1lhec3II1, 71, 73


fabronifolia6, 73, 76, P1. 77
111b33pilata, 73, 76, P1. 76

Hv1groamblysteagium, 66, 73

te,,3.170, Pl. 73
H.,,phil,, 32, 34
tortula,, 34, P3. 34
HXIXACE41E, 79
Hypnum,, 73, 88

lindbergii, 83, P1. 84

Hypo1ptergium1, 38
6,,,,114136,11,,, 38, P1. 132

lso31111311113, 79, 82
   mcn,82, P1. 87


34ae31r11a, 134
scaio,1,10,14, 105,P1. 138


Lepido1plum, 33, 183
p11lytr1ichode, 133, P1. 134
Leptobryum,, 38, 61

I ,pto6ictyum, 66, 63
riparium3, 69, PI. 72
riparium forma111 obtusum,,69, P. 72
sipho1, 63, 73, P1. 72
trichopodium313, 63, 70, P1. 73

Leskea,, 31, 34
    3usrls  4, 33, P1. 33
 grac3lescens13, 34, 33, P1. 33
 116sc11r,, 94, 95, P1. 33

 1E4<13E31343E4E, 23

 b,,.abr<.um,, 24
 albidum,,, 25, P1. 23

 3la111133, 23, 26, P1. 24
 Leucodon31, 188, 187
 bra11h633u1, 108, P1. 112
 3113,3,111, 138, P1. 111
 LEUCODONTACEA,,31E, 106
 1L11codo1nt1ps3s, 136, 137
 (floridanal), 137

   Luseel,32, 33
   barbula1,, 33, P1. 34



   (rhabdocar11puma), 34


obtusifelius, 2, 8, P1. 3
333111!i), I1
pellucidusl, 2, 3, 31. 3
polHpodioides,<, 2, 3, P1. 8
3311ll11, 2, 4, P1. 3
   rdcn,2, 13, P1. 3
 .a ,,,,,,i, 2, 7, P1. 5
   ree,2, 7,31l. 7

 11,61ail1111, 2, 8,Pl. 8

 tax~ifoliu,, 2, 13, P1. 8
 (lortli6 , 8
 v6 6d41us, 2, 5, Pb. 3
 vi44dulu, 3,,l.l,1333u,,,7, PI.3
LISIDEXN1111,14, 1
Fontinalis1,141, 113
di 6,4,,,, 113, 114, Pl. 118
763,,,,,,3, 113, 114,P1. 117
fl,,.da 113, 114,P. 118
--1,1,-angli36,, 113, Pb. 117
   nova3I-3alaevar cymbifoli,1a, 113,
   114, P1. 117
Forsstroca1, 136, 138
trichom,,3iri, 138, P1. 113

  Pb. 113

  Pb. 113
h,.aa, 47, 43
f13 13,111, 48, 31. 48
hygrometrica, 48, 49, P1. 47

hygrometrica31 var,. patula,, 48
serrata4, 48, 43, P1. 48
b,,AMA111,,y.,E, 47

Grimmia1,, 43, 44
    lavgt,44, P1. 42
GaaaMIaCEAE, 42

  mu11111,3,16,, 53,31.355
Gymnostomie3flla1, 32, 33
orcuttii, 33,Pb. 32
Gymnostomum111111, 32, 37
    cacru,37, P1. 36

Haplocladium, 31, 38
   16,,,,llu, 38, P1. 133

 64i3te, 31, P1. 36
 H<daigi,, 43
 ciliata, 43, P3. 42

   3ocae   1, Pb. 36


fabronifo3,lia,, 78, 76, P1. 77
subcapillata,, 73, 76, 31. 76

Hyg1111361,1113111,1, 66, 73
7irrigna,,,,, 73
tenor,70, Pb. 73
Hyopila,, 32, 34
tortula,, 34, P1. 34

Hypnum1, 73, 83
(11133, 311,, , 83
had4Iergii, 83, P1. 84

Hpoptery3g6,,m, 38
l8a13,133c13un1, 38, Pb. 132


   mcn,82, P1. 87


3,a3ge11ina, 134
    cais,134, 103, P3. 138
13,,,g,1,611,331,s1aarrosa), 134

Le<pidopilum,, 33, 133
3,1l3tri1hoide,, 133, P1. 134
b,1p3,,3a,,1, 88, 61
p3rfr,,3, 61,31. 64
Lep,,41,l,,,,,, 66, 63
   n4,,,,, 69,Pb. 72
   n34,,  fora ob,,,tusum,,, 69,3P3.
 ,!p6,,o, 63, 73, P1. 72
 li,6,,p14i,,, 63, 73, P1. 73

 Le,6ke,, 31, 34
 australis6, 34, 38, P1. 99

 ,,bscura,,, 34, 33, P1. 33
 LESEAC1EAE, 90
 IL1.11111131,1E4E, 23

 I1111,11113,13, 24
 alb6idum,, 28, 31. 29

 1311111113, 23, 26, 31. 24
 Leucodon111, 186, 137
 brachypus11, 188, 31. 112
 ju34311u1, 108,P1. 111
 bE3,1111113341EAE, 106
 La,;-dap4,s, 136, 137
 33,,34,,,,,,, 137
 g, ,ll.,a, 137, P1. 113
 L416111,13I,, 32, 33
 barbul!a, 33, P3. 34


 (mucronifo3311li,,), 53
 (rhabdocarpum11ll), 34


r2




272         MOSSES OF FLORIDA


27 OE FFOIA272 MOSSES OF FLORIDA27MOSS                        FFLRA


272         MOSSES OF FLORIDA


  richadS, 54, 54, Fl. 55
MIETEORIACEAE, 102
Metosioplis, 102, 103
patla, 103, Fl. 107
(Metelorium doneii), 103
lMiteootbooioo, 79, 02
diminDtivum., 02, Fl. 86
MIACSEAE, 63
Mium, 64
affineo, 63, 64, Fl. 67
cuspidatum, 63, 64, P1. 66
lonos6-ouo, 64, Pl. 66
otorhynchum, 63, Fl. 66
Mlenodoa, 43, 30
sendtnoroan, 30, P1. 35

iNaooitriooo, 45, 46
austloii, 46, Pl. 46
ooegalosporoo, 46, 47, Fl. 46
(Neckera), 101
(diosh), 101
(undulota), 101
NEKRAFEAFE, 101
Neckeoplio, 101
dlish, 101, Fl. 105
undulota, 101, P1. 105

Octoblepharum, 24
albidum, 24, P1. 24
(ORTOooooFosEoo, 53
OSFDISFDOhiS1S, 71, 74
hians, 74, P1. 70
(rapp0i), 75

Papiflolo, 102
nigrescens, 102, Pl. 106
nigMFDsFes vL doooolii, 104
Philonotis, 00
gloucscenos, 56, 07, Fl. 50
gMFOiloD, 56, Pl. 58
longiseta, 56, 07, Pl. 09
FsheocarpaO, 56, 07, Pl. 59
uncinat, 56, 57, Pl. 59
PhscoitOriumS, 47, 40
collenchmatum, 50, Fl. 51
pfor(me, 50, Fl. 50
(turbinatum), 50
Fireello, 104, 105
Fyoobifolia, 100, 106, Fl. 109
(ludovSiia), 104
pohlii, 100, 106, Fl. 105
PLAGIOTHIACLSEAE, 85
Plagiothecium, 86, 07
(geophilum), 04
(marSinnae, 8,4
(moicans), 2
rylFaticuO, 87, P.009


PlatgyriumS, 75, 04
repens, 04, Fl. 88
Platylomeolla, 66, 68
lsu00i, 68, Fl. 04
Fleuridiumo, 14, 16
subulOtum, 16, Fl. 10
Pogoatum, 110, 110
brachyIhyllum, 118, Fl. 122
pensilvanicm, 118, Fl. 123
(Pohlia crueger), 61
FOLYTRICHACEFAE, 116
PoIltichuoo, 116, 110
c00000e, 110, Pl. 124
POTTIACEAE, 42
Pseudocryphaea, 106, 107
fllgollhkor, 107, Fl. 110
PTOBRYIEACEAE, 104
Ptoohooitoiooo, 43
drumon~odi, 43, 44, P. 43
OnoOFDOO, 44, Fl. 44
Pylaisia, 70, 83
  sFwyni, 04, Pl. 88

RHIACOPILACEAE, 65
Rlhacopilumo, 65
totosum~o~, 65, Fl. 68
OHIODOoIAoCoo, 64
Rhizogonium, 64
spiiformeo, 64, Fl. 07
Ohnostlgiuoo, 71, 74
osrrulatum, 74, Pl. 74

Sohlshoimoio, 53, 04
rugifolia, 54, 54, Pl. 56
(oolflooooti), 54
Schooptscbkeopsis, 111
dent4Ficulat, 111, Fl. 1145
(Siom~iumo lesi), 60
SEMOPHYRIOLLACEAE, 87
Sematophyllumo, 88
adootum, 84, 89, Pl. 94
caespitosum, 89, Fl. 95
careliianum, 89, Fl. 94
(smallii), 90
Solmskioll, 42
kurzi, 52, Pl. 04
SPHAGNAC0EASE, 120
Sphagnum, 120
cuspidaotumo, 121, 127, Fl. 129
c.spidatuooo var. serolatumo, 128,
  Fl. 129
  oyclophjllum, 121, 140, Fl. 141
  oooythrocalyx, 120, 122, Pl. 124
  jilogoooldii, 121, 120, Pl. 140
  henroense, 120, 124, Fl. 127
  ibrhicatum, 120, 124, Fl. 127
  macophyllum, 121, 124, Fl. 141


richodii, 54, 54, Fl. 55
SMoEEORosCEs, 102
Metoiopsis, 102, 103
Fatula, 103, Fl. 107
(Meoiumo doooollO), 104
Sllitleoohooooioo, 79, 02
diminutivum, 02, Pl. 86
MNIACEAEo, 63
Mnoiom, 64
affioo, 64, 64, Fl. 67
cuspidatum, 65, 64, Fl. 66
longi~rosu, 64, Fl. 66
orthorhynchum, 63,Pl. 66
Mlolendoa, 44, 40
  sedloo,4ooo, 38, Fl. 45

Naomiooooium, 40, 46
auoosiii, 46, Fl. 46
meogalospoum, 46, 47, Fl. 46
(Neckera), 101
(diosich), 101
(ondolOta), 101
NCFERASFEAE, 101
NmkFIopsiOI, 101
diOtich, 101, Fl. 105
undulota, 101, Pl. 105

Octoblepharum, 24
albidumo, 24, Fl. 24
ORORICH0FACEAE, 53
Oxyrrhynchiumo, 71, 74
Oians, 74, Fl. 70
(rappii), 75

Papillaria, 102
nigreOsn, 102, Pl. 106
nigrescen var. donnellii, 104
Philootis, 56
gl0ucescens, 56, 57, Fl. 58
gracSilima, 56, Pl. 58
longiseta, 56, 07, Fl. 59
sphaeocaropa, 56, 57, Fl. 59
uncinatao, 56, 47, Pl. 55
POylcomitiom, 47, 45
collenchymatumO, 40, Fl. 51
pyriformeo, 50, Fl. 50
(turb~inatum), 50
Pirella, 104, 100
cyoobifolio, 100, 106, Pl. 105
(lodoFOcioF), 105
poOlii, 104, 106, Pl. 105
PLAGSIOEIACEAE, 85
Plagiotheciumt 86, 07
(geophilumo), 04
(ooioonae)t 4
(obooo),082
Oylvaticum0, 87, P1.059


Plotygyriuso, 75, 04
repFDO, 04, Fl. 88
Platylomllao, 66, 60
olsu, 60, Fl. 04
Pleuroidiumo, 14, 16
subultuoo, 16, Fl. 10
Pogonatum, 116, 110
brachyphyllum, 118, Fl. 122
pensOOSF,00000, 118, Pl. 124
(Pohlia cru0egeri), 61
POLYTRICHACEFAE, 116
Polyolichum, 110, 159
0commune, 115, Fl. 124
FOTTIACEAo, 42
Pseudocry'phaea, 106, 107
Jiagellifer, 107, Pl. 110
FPRoORYACEAE, 104
PtycomitriumS, 43
druomoodii, 44, 44, P1. 43
iOFOOFODO, 44, Pl. 44
Fylaisia, 75, 04
MOODSni, 04, Fl. 88

RHACSOPILACFEAE, 65
Rhacopilumo, 65
tomentosu, 65, Fl. 68
lloooOSOoIAFEAo, 64
Ehiogonhum, 64
spiniform, 64, Pl. 67
lRhynchostegium, 71, 74


Sohlolhobooio, 44, 54
ruogifolia, 54, 54, Fl. 56
(ooullivoooi), 54
Sohopscheoplio, 111
dentoiculat, 111,01. 115
(Sciaomoiumo lescurii), 68
SEMIAOPHYLLACEASE, 87
S000010060lDD0, 88
adotum, 83, 85, Fl. 54
caespitosum, 89, Fl. 95
carolinianum, 89, Fl. 54
(smallii), 90
Solshilla, 52
koooii, 52, Fl. 54
SPHIAGNOACFA, 120
Sphagnumo, 120
cuspidatum~, 121, 127, Fl. 129
cu pidooouo varL serulatum, 120,
  Fl. 125
  FoFSopO7000m, 121, 140, Fl. 141
  erythrocaly, 120, 122, Fl. 124
  Oilogeraldoi, 121, 120, Fl. 140
  henry-seo, 120, 124, Fl. 127
  imbrFiOtu, 120, 124, Fl. 127
  macrophyllum, 121, 129, Fl. 141


richardii, 54, 54, Fl. s5
METOR~I~AEAE, 102
Meoiosisl, 102, 104
patll, 104, Fl. 107
(Metoriuml ,loooolOS), 104
Miteotohamium, 79, 02
dimoointiv, 02, Pl. 06
MIACSEAE, 64
MSium, 64
affioo, 64, 64, Fl. 67
cspidatoum, 65, 64, Fl. 66
longirostrum, 64, Fl. 66
orthorhynchum, 64, Fl. 66
Mlolendoa, 45, 40
ooodoooooon, 38, Fl. 45

Nanoomitrium, 45, 46
astinoii, 46, Fl. 46
ooogalOoporumo, 46, 47, Fl. 46
(Neckera), 101
(dbitbch), 101
(undlatao), 101
NEFI(ROEAR, 101
Nkeoplo, 101
isticha, 101, Fl. 105
  undulot, 1o1, Pl. 100

OFto40SpODOuo, 24
albidum, 24, Fl. 24
OoooOoooCo40000, 53
Oxyrrhynchiumo, 71, 74
ianso, 74, Fl. 70
(rappii), 75

Fapillaria, 102
nigreOsn, 102, Fl. 106
nigrescens Far. dsonllii, 103
Fhiloois, 56
glaucescen, 56, 57, Fl. 58
gracillima, 56, Fl. 58
loogisoto, 56, 57, Fl. 55
sphaocaropa, 56, 07, Fl. 55
uncinatao, 56, 57, Fl. 55
Physcomitrium, 47, 45
collncmatum100, 50, Fl. 51
p400(0000, 5O,FIl. 50
(turbinatumo), 50
Fiosdlla, 104, 109
FyOOOifSOl, 100, 106, Fl. 105
(ludoviiae), 105
pohlii, 105, 106, Fl. 109
FLAGIOTHCFIAFEAE, 85
Plagothoecouo, 86, 57
(goophilooo), 04
(oooriann0e)X84
(s 00000), 82
,.LFO000000, 07, Fl. 89


Platygyriumo, 75, 04
repeno, 04, l. 88
Platylomella, 66, 60
lescurii, 60, Fl. 04
Pleuroidioom, 14, 16
subulatumO, 16, Fl. 10
Fogoosloso, 116, 110
brachyphyllum, 118, Pl. 122
pensilvanicum, 118, Fl. 124
(POohliacrugeri), 61
FOLOOOIFIO0F0, 116
Polytrichuom, 116, 115
commun, 115, Fl. 124
FOTTLAFEAE, 42
PlsdOoyphae, 106, 107
fiogollhfooo, 107, Fl. 110
FPROBRYACEAE, 104
Ptychomitiumo, 44
drumondii, 44, 44, Pl. 43
iFOOFrvu, 45, Fl. 44
Fyloisio, 75, 04
selwynii, 04, Fl. Os

RHIACOPILACEAE, 65
Rhaoopiloum, 65
tomentoum, 65, Fl. 60
RIOGON5IACEAE, 64
llhizogooiumo, 64
spiniformeo, 64, Pl. 67
Rhynchostcgium0, 71, 75
serrulatoum, 75, Pl. 79

Schlothehii, 44, 54
rugifolia, 54, 54, Fl. 56
(oulOvoOti(, 54
Sohooooohkopoo, 111
denoosculata, 111,01l. 115
(Sciaomiumo lesc0rii), 60
SODSOOPFPLLAOA0., 07
Semaop~OhyllumO, 88
adoatum, 83, 89, Fl. 54
caes0pitosum, 89, Fl. 95
caroflnianum, 89, Fl. 54
(smallu), 90
Solooiella, 42
kurzii, 52, Fl. 54
SPHAGNACSEAEP, 120
Sphagnum, 120
cospidatum, 121, 127, Fl. 125
cspidatum vaSF serrulbto, 120,
  Fl. 129
  oyolophylooo, 121, 140, Pl. 141
  erythroca5yx, 120, 122, Fl. 125
  fitzgeroldii, 121, 120, Fl. 130
  henrens, 120, 124, Fl. 127
  imbriFatum, 120, 124, FL. 127
  omcophyllum, 121, 125, Fl. 141
















INDEX


273


INDEX


273


INDEX


273


     macrph l-  an iordanxn,130,
  P1. 131
  maIegfl!I,,i , 120, 122, Pl. 125
    .iL2,121, 131, Pl. 132
 pulii    120, 123, Pl. 126
 port,8icens, 120, 123, Pl. 127
    mcr  ,121, 126, Pl. 123
    srca,121, 126, Pl. 128
 snbIecIndumI, 121, 129, P1. 130

 tlareI, 122, 133, Pl. 133
   teeu,122, 132, Pl. 133
 E'v,,I0tfi-l'"II, 121, 131, P1. 132

 Spachobryum, 32, 34

 SteIephIyh.uD, 86
 (d,AlDii), 62
    7  i,86, 87 P. 93
    r l~i.u,86, 07, P1. 32
 (iv063tI, 06
Syrrhopodo, 26, 29

gau~dichEdii, 23, 30, Pl. 23
in NmplI3IN, 23, 30, Pl. 28
ligulatus, 2, 31, P. 3
prolifr, 6, 23, 30, Pl. 30
   teau,29, 31, Pl. 23
Ta,2phy11DX, 73, 84
3 ophi/IN, 84, Pl. 89
11D1riann, 64, Pl. 30

plaInum, 88, Pl. 31


pennsy3lvaniu, 51, Fl. 53

asprll, 33, 34, Fl. 38
hirtella, 33, 34, Pl. 98
lNeurii, 94
Thuidi, 91, 33
   3leii  6, Pl. 101
 delicatulum, 36, Pl. 100
    3noves  6, 37, Pl. 101
 (111111NphyllumN), 33
    miuuu , 3 6, 37, Pl. 131
 pygmaeumII, 134
 schisocaly, 96, 37, Pl. 101
 TNIorel, 32, 33
 ,1111l#1111, 36
 humili, 36, 40, Pl. 35
 Trmtdn 14, 16
 longicollis, 16, Pl. 13
 (Tricholepis nigreseens, 102
 Trihostomum, 33, 33
 jamaicense, 33, Pl. 38

 Vesiculai, 73, 80
 amphibIo, 80, 81, P86
 crasiculgis, 80, 81, P. 86
    pppgax,80, 1, PI. 8
    veiuai,8,8Ppll,   81

We~isia, 33, 33
    crtoes,39, Pl. 38
 (jamicnis~~), 39
 (viridu1,2, 33


macrophyI- var1 111. floridan, 133,
  Pl. 131
     naelncr,128, 122, Pl. 123
  meridense,, 121, 131, Pl. 132
  pl.0111, 120, 123, Pl. 126
  portoricense11,, 123, 123, Fl. 127
  rN curvum, 121, 126, Pl. 128
  sti 0111, 121, 126, Pl. 128
  .1lbl1I1,1dl11, 121, 123, Pl. 130

  tabular,, 122, 133, Pl. 133
  tenerum1, 122, 132, Pl. 133
  1.1nstorji1111, 121, 131, Pl. 132
S---AIElI, 31
Splachnobr1yum, 32, 34
1161,.,,,, 34, Pl. 33
Sterephy16u,, 86
4,1,11,'00,, 87
II,, otgu,",, 86, 07, Pl. 93
ra~diculosum,,, 86, 87, Pl. 32
(u, 03603,i, 06
Syrhpdon, 26, 23
(1044,,,,,,2, 30
gaudichaud1N~ii, 23, 30, Pl. 23
i11D,,pl311, 29, 30, Pl. 28
ligull,1, 23, 31, Pl. 33
parasiticl., 23, 31, Pl. 31
pro1lif11, 6, 23, 30, Pl. 30
texanus,, 23, 01, P. 29

1,,,dphyllIN, 73, 84
g11,13luh,1, 84, Pl. 03
DnaianII,11, 84, Pl. 30
Ta1it111ium, 88
p~lnuml, 88, Pl. 31


Tetraplodon, 51
penn7lvanicu, 31, Pl. 83
Thelia, 91, 93
asprell, 33, 34, l. 30


16111411,1, 91, 33
al1enii, 36, Pl. 101
    3eiaulm  6, Pl. 100
 invovn, 911,6, 97, Pl. 101

 111118 6,,,, 3, 36, 37, Pl. 108
 pygm11111111, 134
 Nchito0lyl7, 36, 37, Pl. 101
Tortell, 32, 35
(caespitosa), 36
fl11.N.11.111,  36
humil181, 36, 40, Pl. 35
Trematodon1, 14, 16
longiolli, 16, Pl. 13
(Trcholepis n1igres-s111), 102
Trichostomum1, 33, 33
jamaicense11, 33, Pl. 38

Vesicularia11, 79, 80
1,,phibl, 80, 81, 82
   10sicui, 80, 81, Pl. 86
 pppigla111, 80, 81, Pl. 83
 vesicu11laris, 80, 81, Pl. 83
     (vs-ai  a.poeppigi11,), 81

Welisi, 33, 33

(jamicenis), 39
(,63idWh), 39


  Pl. 131
  lg1,l,111111, 120, 122, Fl. 123
  p1erid01, 12, 13, l. 12
  palustre,120, 123, l 127
    rcru,121, 126, Pl. 128
 .03111tum, 121, 126, Pl. 128
 subs6cundu, 121, 123, Pl. 130

 tabulare, 122, 133, Pl. 133
 tenerum11, 122, 132, Pl. 133


Splachnobryum11, 32, 34
obtusum,, 34, Pl. 33
61,.lphllum1, 86
3,lnInelli), 87
10,31,,gux, 86, 07, Pl. 3
111di1111111, 86,87 P13 2
  (vightii, 86
Syrr1hopd1, 26, 23
(f6oidnu),1 30
gaudic6hudii 23, 30, Pl. 23
incom1pletus,1 23, 30, Pl. 28
6igul6tu, 23, 31, Pl. 30
parasiticusl, 23, 31, Pl. 31
p,,,life, 6, 23, 30, Pl1 30
   tau,23, 31, P1.29

Taxiphylhum 73, 84
gophilr,~ 84, Pl 83
    raina,84, Pl. 90
 Taxithelium 88Fl3


Tetrapodon, 01
pnslvaicu, 51, Pl. 53
TheihI, 31, 93
asprella1, 33, 34, Pl. 38
hirla, 33, 34, Pl. 98
leacri, 94
Thuidium1, 91, 33
  12,03i, 36, Fl. 101
  d&lic6111u, 36, Pl. 800
  331olven, 36, 37, Pl. 101
  (,112,lph IIIN, 38
  m1inutu0lum11, 3, 96, 37, Pl. 101

  sch6isocalyx, 96, 37, Pl. 101
Tortella1, 32, 33
(caespitosa),36
fl,.N.6111s, 36
humili61, 36, 40, Pl. 33

lgicllis, 16, Fl. 13
(Tichlpis nigrescens), 102
1Trichostomum, 33, 39
ja1111ice1111, 33, Pt. 38

Vesicularia, 73, 80
amphibla, 80, 81, 82
  crassicali.s, 80, 81, Pl. 86
  poppigiana1,, 00, 81, Pl. 85
  vesicu11laris1, 80, 81,Pl. 83


Weisia, 33, 33
controversa, 39, Pl. 38
(jamaicensis)1, 39
(viridu1l), 39



               COLLEGE LIBRARY

Glossary
ACUMINATE: tapering gradually to a
   point
ALAR: region at basal angles of leaves,
  its cells often differentiated
ANNULUS: ring of cells between oper-
  culum and mouth of capsule, often
  inflated and colored; the operculum
  loosens when annulus rolls back
ANTHERIDIUM: male sex organ, pro-
  ducing antherozoids or sperms
APEX: tip
APICULATE: terminating in an abrupt,
  short tip
ARCHEGONIUM: female sex organ,
  producing the egg
AREOLATION: cell arrangement
ASYMMETRIC: unequal, not symmetric
ATTENUATE: narrowed, tapered, long
  drawn out
AURICLE: basal ear-like enlargement
  of a leaf
AUTOICOUS: having archegonia and
  antheridia in separate clusters on
  same plant
AWN: bristle at tip of a leaf
AXIL: angle between stem and upper
   leaf surface
BRACTS: specialized leaves enclosing
   antheridia or archegonia
CALYPTRA: membranous hood partly
   or completely covering capsule; re-
   mains of upper part of archegonium
CAPSULE: the sporangium, or "fruit"
   of a moss
CHLOROPHYLLOSE: containing chloro-
   phyll; green
CILIA: fine thread-like structures oc-
   curring on inner peristome between
   segments
CLEISTOCARPOUS: without any regular
   dehiscence or splitting (of the cap-
   sule)
COLUMELLA: central column or axis of
   sterile tissue found in capsules
COSTA: vein of a moss leaf
CRISPED: curled and twisted
DECURRENT: basal margins of leaf ex-
   tending down stem below place of
   attachment of leaf to stem
DEHISCENT: splitting open
DELTOID: triangular
DENDROID: tree-like
DEPAUPERATE: poorly developed
DIMORPHIC: having two forms (leaves)
DIOICOUS: archegonia and antheridia
   occurring on separate plants


             r surface of leaf, away
  from stem
ECOSTATE: without a costa or vein
EPIPHRAGM: membrane closing mouth
  of capsule, derived from expanded
  top of columella (Polytrichaceae)
EROSE: eroded, ragged
EXCURRENT: costa extending beyond
  tip of leaf
EXSERTED: capsule extending beyond
  perichaetial leaves
FASCICLE: a compact cluster of leaves
   or branches
FIBRIL BANDS: narrow, ring-like, spiral
  bands on inside of cell walls of
  hyaline cells of SPHAGNUM leaves
FIBRILLOSE: having fibril bands
FLACCID: soft, limp
FLEXUOUS: wavy, bending
FUSIFORM: spindle-shaped, pointed at
   both ends
GAMETOPHYTE: the sexual stage; in
  mosses, the leafy plant
GEMMA: a small vegetative repro-
  ductive body, produced by game-
  tophyte; a propagulum
GLOBOSE: spherical
GYMNOSTOMOUS: capsule lacking a
   peristome
HETEROICOUS: archegonia and anther-
  idia on same and also on different
  branches of same plant; both mo-
  noicous and paroicous
HYALINE: colorless, transparent
HYPOPHYSIS: swelling of seta imme-
   diately below capsule (apophysis)
IMMERSED: capsule not protruding be-
  yond perichaetial leaves; also ap-
  plied to stomata in capsule wall,
  when guard cells are partially cov-
  ered by surrounding cells
INDEHISCENT:  without  a   regular
  method of opening (capsule)
INFLEXED: turned upward, incurved
INFLORESCENCE: a cluster of arche-
  gonia or antheridia, with enclosing
  leaves
INSERTION: place of attachment of a
  leaf to a stem
INVOLUTE: rolled inward
ISOPHYLLOUS: leaves of stems and
  branches alike (SPHAGNUM)
JULACEOUS: worm-like or catkin-like;
  leaves crowded, stems smoothly cy-
  lindric
KEELED: folded along the middle
LAMELLAE: plates of cells attached to
  upper side of costa; also, thin plates



  on dorsal surface of peristome teeth
LAMINA: leaf blade
LANCEOLATE: lance-shaped
LENTICULAR:   lens-shaped,  double-
  convex
LID: covering; the operculum
LIGULATE: strap-shaped
LINEAR: long and narrow
LINGULATE: tongue-shaped
LUMEN: cavity of the cell
MICRON: 1/1000 of a millimeter; the
   Greek letter mu
MONOICOUS: having archegonia and
   antheridia on same plant
MUCRO: a short, abrupt point
NECK: base of capsule just above seta
NODULOSE: having small knobs or
   knots (cell walls or cilia)
 OBLONG: elliptic, blunt at each end
 OPERCULUM: lid of capsule
 ORBICULAR: circular
 OVATE: egg-shaped, broader at base
   than at tip
PAPILLAE: minute protuberances on
   cell walls
 PAPILLOSE: having papillae; rough
 PARAPHYLLIA: small leaf-like or fila-


   la v
 PARAP4 Y











     mingle    a. bod ode

   m    a phame of gaeoht
   T antheridiaanind
   util  me   sor











 PSELUDOD:DIans lefes     rnhlk
 PERCURRi   oy

 PERICHAE



    P                            4




  P 4                t


           Ulir gEtlve reprdci v
         m"C mae; crod bodies
 ni ~mmA:, green, branched, fila-
      r   =phase of gametophyte re-.
  suiting from spore germination
PSEUDOPODIUM: leafless, branch-like
   extension of gametophyte, resem-


bling a seta (SPHAGNUM)
RADICLES: rhizoids; filaments
RESO
     wer
  oc'
  Op
RETOard


"
4


i. ;"


                       te :
  an t       v r
REVOLUBLE. curling away (annulus)
REVOLUTE: rolled under
RHIZOID: slender, usually brown, fila-
  ments. attaching gametophyte to
  substratum and serving as absorb-
  ing structures
RHOMBOIDAL: diamond-shaped
SEGMENTS: divisions composing inner
  peristome
SEPTATE: divided by partitions
SESSILE: without a seta
SETA: stalk on which capsule is borne
SPATULATE: broader at apex than at
  base
SPORANGIUM: the spore-bearing struc-
  ture; the capsule
SPORE: small, usually one-celled, bod-
  ies produced in capsule, and capa-
  ble of developing into protonema
SPOROPHYTE: the spore-bearing -stage;
  the capsule with its foot and seta
SQUARROSE: widely spreading
STOLONIFEROUS: with slender, creep-
  ing stems having minute leaves,
  usually producing leafy secondary
  stems
STOMA: pore in epidermis of capsule,
  surrounded by two kidney-shaped
  cells known as guard cells
SUBSTRATUM: medium     upon which
  plants grow (soil, rock, bark)
SUBULATE: having a fine needle-like
   point
 SYNOICOUS: archegonia and anther-
   idia intermingled in same cluster
TOMENTOSE: covered with soft matted
   hairs
TOMENTUM: a matting of hairs or
   rhizoids
TRUNCATE: cut off abruptly at apex
URN: the part of the capsule which
   contains spores
VAGINANT: sheathing, particularly as
  applied to leaves of FISSIDENS
  VAGINULE: swelling surrounding base
  or seta; remains of base of arche-
  gonium
VENTRAL: upper leaf surface, next to
   stem






_.,. _'v-'v,... =.d          ... _.                ..__. ._. _._.._._c. .              ...                                            ..    fie.               r        .vii                 y     .