PROSPECTUS
OF A

SERIES OF CHRISTIAN BIOGRAPHY.

IN no branch of devotional literature is the Church of England
so deficient, as in Biography.

Indeed, she can be said to

possess but one single standard Volume of the kind—and that
but ill adapted to the unlearned reader: we allude, of course, to
Walton's Lives. Whether we look to the Fathers of the Primitive and undivided Church; or to those great and good men
by whom the Gospel was brought into this land: to those wha
have toiled and suffered in its defence in every age; or to those
who in the privacy of their own homes have lived the most
saintly lives among us, there is no accessible record concerning them which we can place in the hands of our people.
Particular Schools and parties, within or without the Church*
have not indeed been insensible to the benefits to be derived
from this kind of literature.

But the Church of England in

her comprehensive historical form has a Biography yet to
make.
From the sources above referred to it will be the object

2
of the present undertaking to provide a series of interesting Biographical Sketches for general reading.

There will

also be added a few names of recent times, taken from
other branches of the Church, as e.g. Nikon Patriarch of
Russia, and the Founder of " The Christian Brothers."

But

these will be treated without any" leaning to the peculiarities of faith or practice which they may exhibit,

diverse

from the standard of the English Church, but simply as
examples of that personal holiness and self-denial which is
characteristic of the Christian Saint in all ages and countries,
and which it will be the object of the Series to commemorate,
rather than greatness of ecclesiastical rank or social station.
The subjoined names occur at once as deserving notice;
and the Editor will be glad to have others suggested to him,
or to receive offers of literary co-operation from any who are
willing and qualified to assist.
NICHOLAS
BISHOP

FERRAR

MADELEINE

KEN

ARCHBISHOP

BISHOP
LAUD

J E A N B A P T I S T DE

JOHN
H.

SALLE

JOLLY

BOLD

MARTYN

ALCUIN

S.

ATHANASIUS

BEDE

S.

BONIFACE

A.

M A R Y OP M O D E N A

BONWICK

NIKON

HAMMOND

DE

BERNARD

RENTY

*5j.* It is proposed

that

OVERBERG.

the volumes should vary
and price.

L O N D O N :
JOSEPH MASTERS, ALDERSGATE STREET,
A N D N E W B O N D STREET.

in

size

^>«^«"tf *.*•-•£——=-V

A

L I F E

NICHOLAS

FERRAR.

This

Life is

abridged

from

the

Nicholas F e r r a r , by D r . P . Peckard,
firifl: published A,D. 1 7 9 0 .

Memoirs
which

of

were

L I F E

NICHOLAS

FERRAR.

London :
Printed and fold by JOSEPH M A S T E R S , Alderfgate,
Alfo at 7 8 , N e w Bond Street,
1852.

Weftminfter.

.1

THE

LIFE
OF

NICHOLAS

FERRAR.

A

1 V H E S E pages contain only the private
virtues of a private m a n ; of a man
endued indeed with abilities to have adorned
the higher! ftation, but of humility hardly
to be found in the lower!; of a man devoting himfelf as it were from very infancy
to the adoration of G O D , and perfifting
with unremitting ardour in that folemn dedication of his faculties to the laft moment
of his life.
M r . Nicholas Ferrar, though not of exalted rank himfelf, was of a family highly
refpeclable for that real merit which furpafTes antiquity of defcent or nobility of
title, a family illuftrious for virtue. N o r
B
was
A

—__

_

o W / f - TT f¥&k

•

4

The Life of

in charity towards man, or piety towards
GOD.

T h i s worthy couple lived together many
years in harmony and happinefs, perfecting
their holinefs in the fear of G O D , and in the
confcientious practice of every duty. T h e y
faw defcended from them a numerous, and
a virtuous family, of whofe education they
took uncommon care. T h e y did not fpoil
their children by abfolutely fparing the rod,
but what occafional feverity they judged to
be neceffary was fo foftened by tendernefs
and affection, as to produce not only the
fear of doing amifs, but the love of doing
well. A n d certainly the fame method would
even in the prefent age produce beneficial,
or prevent pernicious, effects. W h e n moral
difcipline, as in thefe our days, is neglected,
we have reafon to look forward to the worft
confequences. A n d when reprehension is
joined with aufterity it always fails of its
pretended purpofe ; but when it plainly
appears to proceed from affection, there is
fcarce a difpontion to be found fo obftinate
that it will not foon become tractable. T h e
little inftances of corrective difcipline exercifed by thefe affectionate parents, in the
beginning of the feventeenth century, would
perhaps

Nicholas Ferrar.

5

perhaps excite the derifion of the faftidious
reader; they are therefore omitted.
Neverthelefs they were well calculated to imprefs
the tender mind with a reverential awe for
the Supreme B e i n g ; with obedience to
parents and inftruclors ; with univerfal and
difinterefted benevolence ; with modefty,
with humility, and a proper fenfe of fubordination ; with an abhorrence of all vice,
but particularly of every fpecies of falfehood.
T h u s did their cenfures tend to form and
produce virtuous and valuable citizens.
T h e children born to thefe virtuous
parents were—
1. Sufanna, married to M r . Collet of
Bourne Bridge, in Cambridgeihire, by whom
he had eighteen children.
2. J o h n , who married, flrft, A n n e ,
daughter of William Shepherd, Efquire,
of Great RoUwright in the county of
Oxford ; by whom he had no ifTue : fecondly, Bathfheba, daughter of Ifrael Owen,
of London, Gentleman, by whom he had
ifTue, M a r y , who died young, Nicholas,
J o h n , and Virginia.
3 . Erafmus, a Barrifter of Law.
4 . Nicholas, the fubjecl: of thefe memoirs,
5. William, a Barrifter.
6. Rich-

6

The Life of

6. Richard, a Merchant of London ; and
feveral daughters who all died young.
T h e y were all conftantly trained in virtue
and religion. T h e i r daily practice was to
read, and to fpeak by memory fome portion
of the, Scriptures, and parts of the book of
martyrs : they were alfo made acquainted
with fuch paflages of hiftory as were fuited
to their tender years. T h e y were all inftructed in mufic ; in performing on the
organ, viol, and lute, and in the theory and
practice of ringing ; in the learned and
modern languages ; in curious needleworks,
and all the accomplishments of that time.
T h e young men, when arrived at years of
difcretion, had permiflion each to choofe his
profeflion, and then no expenfe was fpared
to bring him to a diftinguimed excellence
in it. For this was an invariable maxim
with the parents, that having laid a firm
foundation in religion and virtue, they
would rather give them a good education
without wealth, than wealth without a good
education.
T h e parifh church and chancel of S.
Bennet Sherhog in London, M r . Ferrar
repaired and decently feated at his own expenfe ; and as there was not any morning
preacher

Nicholas Ferrar.

7

preacher there, he brought from the country M r . Francis W h i t e , and made him their
firft lecturer. M r . W h i t e was afterwards
advanced to the See of Ely.
W h e n a ftranger preached, M r . Ferrar
always invited him to dinner, and if it was
difcovered that he was in any neceffity, he
never departed without a handfome prefent.
In truth they never were without a Clergyman as a companion in their houie, or
even on their journeys, as they always
accuftomed themfelves to morning and
evening prayer.
Nicholas Ferrar, the third fon of this
worthy couple, was born the 22nd, and
chriftened the 23rd, of February, 1592, in
the parifh of S. M a r y Stayning in M a r k
Lane, London.
H i s Godfathers do not
appear. H i s Godmother was a M r s . Riggs,
wife to Captain Riggs, who recommended
herfelf highly to the efteem of Queen
Elizabeth, by an heroic act which fhe
performed upon the feaihore at Dover, in
1588.
H e was a beautiful child of a fair complexion, and light coloured hair. A t four
years of age he was fent to fchool, being of
a tractable difpofition and lively parts. A t
five

The Life of
five he could read perfectly, or repeat with
propriety and grace a chapter in the Bible,
which the parents made the daily exercife
of their children. By the brightnefs of his
parts, and the uncommon ftrength of his
memory, he attained with great eafe and
quicknefs whatfoever he fet himfelf to
learn ; yet was he alfo remarkably ftudious ;
being a rare inftance of the union of the
brighter!: parts with the moil intenfe induftry. H e was particularly fond of all
hiftorical relations, and when engaged in
this fort of reading, the day did not fatisfy
him, but he would borrow from the n i g h t ;
infomuch that his mother would frequently
feek him out, and force him to partake of
fome proper recreation.
H e n c e , even in
his childhood, his mind was fo furnifhed
with hiftorical anecdotes, that he could at
any time draw off his fchoolfellows from
their play, who would eagerly fur round
him, and with the utmoft attention liften
to his little tales, always calculated to infpire
them with a love of piety and goodnefs,
and excite in them a virtuous imitation.
W h e n he was very young he was entered
into Latin at London, at the deftre of his
mafter, though others thought it too foon :
but

Nicholas Ferrar.

9

but he was fo eager and diligent in his
application that he foon furpafTed all his
companions.
H e was of a grave difpofition, and very
early mowed a great diflike of every thing
that favoured of worldly vanity.
In his
apparel he wifhed to be neat, but refufed
all that was not iimple and plain.
When
bands were making for the children, he
earneftly entreated his mother that his might
not have any lace upon them, like thofe
of his brothers, but be made little and plain,
like thofe of M r . W o t t o n , " for I wifh to
be a preacher as he is." M r . W o t t o n was
a.learned Divine, and reader of Divinity in
Grefham College. H e was frequently at
M r . Ferrar's, and always examined and
exercifed young Nicholas, being wonderfully
delighted with his ingenuity.
H e was good natured and tender hearted
to the higher! degree ; fo fearful of offending any one, that upon the Jeaft apprehenrlon of having given difpleafure, he would
fuddenly weep in the moft fubmiflive manner, and appear extremely forry. H i s temper was lovely, his countenance pleaiing :
his constitution was not robuffc,,but he was
active, lively, and cheerful.
Whatfoever
he

io

T h e Life of

he went about he did it with great fpirit,
and with a diligence and difcretion above
his years.
A n d now the parents were informed by
their friends, and by M r . Francis his fchoolmafter, that it was time to fend him to
fome greater fchool where he might have a
better opportunity to improve himfelf in
the Latin tongue.
It was thereupon refolved to fend him and his brother William
to Euborn, near Newbury in Berkfhire, to
the houfe of M r . Brooks, an old friend, who
had many other pupils, who was a religious
and good man, but a ftricT: difciplinarian.
While preparations were making for this
journey, an event took place which made
the deeper! and mofl lively impreffion upon
the mind of young Nicholas, and ftrongly
marks his character, and the bent of his
difpofition.
H e was but fix years of age,
and being one night unable to fleep, a fit
of fcepticifm feized his mind, and gave him
the greater!: perplexity and uneafinefs.
He
doubted whether there was a G O D ? and if
there was, what was the moft acceptable
mode of ferving H i m ? In extreme grief
he rofe at midnight, cold and frofty, and
went down to a grafs plat in the garden,
where

Nicholas Ferrar.

11

where he flood long time fad and penflve,
mufing, and thinking ferioufly upon the
great doubt which thus extremely perplexed
him. A t length throwing himfelf on his
face upon the ground, and fpreading out
his hands, he cried aloud, cc Yes, there is,
there muft be a G O D : and H e , no quefHon,
if I duly and earneftly feek it of H i m , will
teach me not only how to know, but how
to ferve H i m acceptably. H e will be with
me all my life here, and at the end will
hereafter make me happy."
Thefe are exalted and wonderful fentiments for a child of fix years old : and this
anecdote may influence the reader to give
credit to thofe fublime ecftacies of devotion
which he experienced and expreiTed at the
clofe of his life.
H i s doubts now vanifhed, his mind became eafy, and he returned to his apartment : but the remembrance of what he
felt on this occafion made him ever after
ftrongly commiferate all who laboured under any religious doubt, or defpair of mind.
A n d in the future courfe of his life he had
repeated opportunities to exert his benevolence to thofe who experienced a fimilar
unhappinefs.

In

i2

T h e Life of

In the year 1598, he was fent to E u b o r n
School, near N e w b u r y in Berkshire, where
he made fuch a rapid progrefs in Latin,
Greek, and logic, that he foon became the
firft fcholar of his years. H e ftrengthened
his memory by daily exercife : he was a
great proficient in writing and arithmetic,
and attained fuch excellence in fhort hand,
as to be able to take accurately a fermon
or fpeech on any occafion. H e was alfo
Well fkilled both in the theory and practice
of vocal and inftrumental mufic.
T h u s accomplished, in his fourteenth
year, his mafter, M r . Brooks, prevailed with
his parents to fend him to Cambridge,
whither he himfelf attended him, and admitted him of Clare H a l l , prefenting him,
with due commendation of his uncommon
abilities to M r . Auguftin Lindfell, the
tutor, and D r . William Smith, then mafter
of the college.
H i s parents thought proper, notwithstanding the remonftrance of fome friends
againft it, to admit him a Penfioner for the
flrft year ; as they conceived it more for his
good, to rife by merit gradually to honour.
In this fituation, by excellent demeanour,
and diligent application to his ftudies, he
fo

Nicholas Ferrar.

13

fo deported himfelf in all things, and to all
perfons, that he inftantly gained the affections and applaufe of all who knew him,
performing all his exercifes with dirtinguifhed approbation.
M r . Lindfell fpared not to make full
proof of his abilities, wifhing, as he was
ufed to exprefs himfelf, to fee his infide, as
well as his outride.
H e therefore made
many trials of his abilities, which the reft
of the Fellows thought unreafonable; faying cc it was a (hame to fpur a fleet horfe,
which already outwent the rider's own defire,
and won every race he p u t him t o . " W h e n
they urged that he required impoffibilities,
he would reply, cc Content yourfelves a little,
you mall fee what the boy can do, and that
too without much trouble." Thefe proofs
of wonderful abilities were continually repeated, and he thus went on from day to
day improving in all good learning. H i s
attention and diligence was fuch, that it was
obferved, his chamber might be known by
the candle that was laft put out at night,
and the firrT: lighted in the morning.
Nor
was he lefs diligent in his attendance at
chapel, than at his ftudies, fo that his piety
and learning went on hand in hand together.
In

i4

The Life of

In his fecond year he became Fellowcommoner., and being now every day more
and more the companion of the Fellows, he
every day became more and more efteemed
by them. In 1610 he took his degree of
Bachelor of A r t s . A t this time he was
appointed to make the fpeech on the King's
Coronation D a y (July 25), in the College
H a l l ; and the fame year he was elected
Fellow of that Society.
If we take a view of him at this period
when he became Fellow, we jfhall find that
his natural parts were wonderfully improved,
his memory fo enlarged and
ftrengthened,
that he had read nothing of worth, but he
had made it his own, and could always
inflantly apply it to the prefent occasion.
H e fpoke alfo and wrote, and argued with
fuch ingenious dexterity that very few
indeed were equal to him.
Neverthelefs
he was fUll fo eager in the purfuit of farther
acquifitions, that induftry and genius feemed
to be incorporated in him* N o r was he
more attentive to his own inftruction, than
to the happinefs of all with whom he was
concerned.
For he was a conftant and
indefatigable promoter of peace ; and when
any difference had arifen5 he had the art fo
to

Nicholas Ferrar.

15

to win upon each fide, that he would draw
the contending parties from their unfriendly
refolutions, and reanimate and eftablim
harmony between them. M r . Lindfell was
ufed to fay of him, cc M a y G O D keep him in
a right mind ! for if he mould turn fchifmatic or heretic, he would make work for
all the world. Such a head, fuch power of
argument! fuch a tongue, and fuch a pen I
fuch^ a memory withal he hath, with fuch
indefatigable pains, that, all thefe joined
together, I know not who would be able to
contend with him."
H i s conftitution was of feminine delicacy, and he was very fubjecl: to aguiih
diforders ; yet he bore them out in a great
meafure by his temperance, and by a pecur
liar courageoufnefs of fpirit which was natural to him. H i s favourite fifter, married
to M r . Collet, lived at Bourne Bridge, near
Cambridge. A n d as the air of Cambridge
was found not well to agree with him, he
made frequent excurfions to Bourne Bridge,
where he pafTed his time in the purfuit of
his ftudies, and in the inftruclrion of his
fitter's children.
But his tutor, M r . Lindfell, and others
of the Fellows, having now apprehenfion
of

16

The

Life

of

of his health, carried him to D r . Butler,
the celebrated Phyftcian, of Cambridge,
who had been of Clare H a l l , and was a
particular friend of M r . Lindfell.
Dr.
Butler conceived a great affection for M r .
Ferrar, and exerted all his fkill; yet frill
the diforder increafed more and more upon
him ; and at length this good Phyfician
faid, cc W h y mould I give thee any more
prefcriptions ? all I can do will not conquer
this diflemper. Alas ! all I can fay is, you
muft henceforth deal with this diforder
when it comes to you, as men do with beggars, when they have a mind to difufe them
from their houfes, give them nothing but
let them go as they came.
Y o u muft
through a fpare diet, and great temperance
even all your life long, feek to be quit of
this unhappy companion : he muft be
ftarved away."
F o r fome time after this M r . Ferrar grew
better, but foon relapfed again, and in the
autumn of 1612 he began to grow very
ill. H i s friends now feared he would not
get over the winter. D r . Butler faid, cc I
can do no more for him, the laft remedy
or hope I can give you is from the change
of air. H e muft go in the fpring to travel.
I doubt

Nicholas Ferrar.

17

I doubt not but I can keep him u p this
winter, and if travel recover him not, n o thing will. Befides, it is high time his
mind be taken off from thefe his incefTant
ftudies ; thefe alone, if he be permitted to
go on, will fpeedily deftroy his conftitution.
T h e courfe I propofe may prolong his life
till he is thirty-five years of a g e ; but
longer in m y j u d g m e n t it will not laft.
In the meantime he will live to do great
good. A n d think not that his time fpent
in travel will be loft; no : depend upon it
he will improve himfelf greatly.
Mr.
Lindfell, go your way ; think of i t : perfuade his parents to it. I can fay no more
to you. L e t him go next fpring. I will
take care of him this winter." A n d fo he
did moft affectionately.
M r . Ferrar was now almoft feven years
ftanding in the Univerfity, and was to take
his Mafter of A r t s degree at the enfuing
Midfummer, 1 6 1 3 ; and he had already
performed with great credit all his previous
exercifes.
It being made known to the H e a d s of
the Univerfity that he was to travel, and to
have the opportunity of going with t h a t
noble company which then went with the

c

Lady

18

The

Life

of

Lady Elizabeth to conduct her to the P a latinate with the Palfgrave her hufband, it
was propounded that he might have the
favour of Cap and H o o d immediately,
though before the ufual time, fo as to be
complete Mailer of A r t s , before his departure, which was readily granted, and immediately his Graces were given him. A n d
now many came to prefent their moft affectionate wifhes to him for health and happinefs in his travels. A n d thus he bade
Cambridge adieu.
Being come to the end of M r . Ferrar's
Academical life,. I will here infert a Letter
from D r . Byng, a cotemporary in the fame
fociety, as a collateral testimony of his uncommon abilities and exemplary conduct
during the whole time of his Collegiate
education.
cc

D r . R o b . Byng to M r . Barnabas Oley.
" Sir,

" Concerning the requeft in your fecond
Letter, I wifh I was as able as I am willing
to deliver the choiceft virtues of our dear
and worthy friend M r . N . Ferrar unto poft e r i t y : whom as I truly loved whilft he
lived,

Nicholas Ferrar.

19

lived, fo I am one that fhall ever honour
his bleffed memory.
fC
A s for the time of his admiffion into
our College of Clare H a l l , he was, as I did
then guefs by his ftature and dimensions,
about thirteen years of age, when yet his
deportment was fuch as fpake him more a
man than many are at four and twenty :
there was fo fweet a mixture in him of
gravity with affability, and modefty with
civility.
cc
After the commendable performances
of his acts in Scholis Publicis, it pleafed
the University to grace him with the degree of Bachelor of A r t s . A n d his worth
was fo well known in the College, that he
was felected to make the Oration upon the
Coronation day (as I remember) after his
proceeding ; which he performed with great
applaufe. A n d the then Mafter of the College, D r . Smith, was thereupon fo taken
with him, that he was pleafed to afk a near
friend of his c whether the young Gentleman did intend to continue in the life of a
Scholar.' A n d receiving anfwer, that it
was his fettled refolution, he was not nice
to exprefs his good opinion of him to be
fuch as he thought him well worthy to be
c 2
elected

2o

T h e Life of

elected into our Society.
W h e r e i n he
fhowed himfelf to be moft real, by making
choice of him at the very next election,
with the unanimous confent of all the C o electors then prefent at the meeting for t h a t
purpofe.
cc
F r o m that time to the taking of his
next degree he was a conftant refident with
us in our College ; during which fpace his
comportment was fuch in all refpects, as
that it was exemplary not only to his Puifnes, and Compeers, b u t to many who were
much his Ancients, who were all fo much
pleafed with his company, as t h a t they
t h o u g h t themfelves happier!, who moft enjoyed it.
fc
A s he was ever a mofl conftant Student, fo none more careful to give his
attendance on the College Chapel at times
of Prayer. . . .
" Soon after his admiffion ad incipiend u m in artibus (to the beft of m y remembrance) and before his creation in majoribus
comitiis* (having obtained leave both from
his parents and the College) he began his
travels into foreign parts. W h e r e , how
* T h a t is, between the times of his taking the B . A .
and the M . A . degree.

long

Nicholas Ferrar.

21

long he continued, his brother M r . J o h n
Ferrar can beft inform you. But fo well
did he improve the time that he fpent
therein, as that befide the knowledge which
he had gained in the principal of the
Weftern languages, Low and H i g h D u t c h ,
Italian, French and Spanifh, he was able
to make relation obfervable of the moft remarkable pafTages which had been incident
to any of thofe places where he had made
any confiderable a b o d e : as myfelf, with
many others who had the happinefs to hear
him difcourfe thereof, can give due teftimony.
fC
F r o m the time of his return unto the
College, as he continued ever an indefatigable Student, fo he was an extraordinary
proficient, as having attained within a few
years unto that degree of knowledge in
Divinity, that he did not only overtake,
but get the ftart of many who were much
his ancients, and fuch as were worthily held
in reputation for their great learning by
the ableft Divines both in the College and
the Univerfity. W h i c h was the lefs to be
wondered at in our worthy friend, becaufe
as he was of a very fharp wit, and moft.
clear comprehenfion, fo alfo of a moft folid
judgment,

22

T h e Life of

j u d g m e n t , and retaining memory.
By
means whereof he could fully render the
refultance of any author he had gone
through, as myielf can teftify amongft
others of his conforts. In which refpect as
he had not many peers, fo he had few who
could compare with him for his exact fkill
in the Book of Books, the H o l y Scriptures ;
which he made from his cradle, as I may
fay, fo familiar to him by his daily and
diligent reading, and meditating thereon,
as that he was able to turn readily to any
place without the help of a Concordance.
cc
Certes, Sir, to give h i m his due Commendation, I may truly fay that he was
H o m o perpaucorum hominum, et ad omnia
natus.*
cc
In all which refpecls as he was eminent
whilft he was a Commorant in the Univerfity, fo he gave full demonstration thereof
to his dearefl and neareft friends at Little
Gidding, where in his laft a n d b e f t times
he was a burning and a mining L i g h t .
A n d therefore I advife the writer of his
Life to repair to fuch of his friends as are
there yet living, who are able to furniih
* A man of ten thoufand and had a genius
everything.

for

him

Nicholas Ferrar.

23

him with fuch ftore of choice materials,
and fo exactly fquared unto his hands as
they will both head and bed (as our country mafons ufed to fpeak) in the goodly
ftructure which he is now erecting for the
prefervation of his precious memory here
on earth, who now mines more glorioufly
inter ftellas primae magnitudinis* among
the ever-blefled Saints in the higheft heavens. T u u s ex animo.-jcc

ROBERTUS B Y N G .

" A r l i n g t o n , C o m . Wilts,
Idibus Septembris^J 1654.
ic
T o his much refpecled friend M r .
Oley, at M r . Garthwaites, Stationer, at the
N o r t h door of St. Paul's. Thefe prefent."

All things being fettled with refpect to
his going abroad, M r . Ferrar left the following written Farewell to his family,
which his mother found in his ftudy% few
days after he was gone.
" Since there is nothing more certain
than Death, nor more uncertain than the
time when ; I have thought it the firft and
, * Among the ftars of the firft magnitude.
f Sincerely yours.
J Sept. 13.

chiefeffc

24

The

Life

of

chiefeft wifdom for a m a n to prepare himfelf for t h a t which muft one day come, and
always be ready for that which may every
hour h a p p e n : efpecially considering how
dangerous any error is here, which cannot
be amended : neither is any # one the nearer
to Death for having prepared for it. I t is
then a thing of exceeding madnefs and folly
to be negligent in fo weighty a matter, in
refpect- whereof all other things are trifles.
I here confefs m y own wretchednefs and
folly in this, that through the common
hope of youth, I have fet death far from
me : and perfuading myfelf that I had a
long way to go, have walked more carelefsly
than I ought. T h e good L O R D G O D be
merciful unto me.
cc
Indeed I have a long way to run, if
death flood ffcill at the end of threefcore
years : but G O D knows if he be not running
againft me, if he be not ready to gravp m e ,
efpecially considering the many dangers
wherein I am now to hazard myfelf, in
every one whereof death dwells. If G O D
be merciful to me, and bring me fafe home
again, I will all the days of m y life ferve
H i m in H i s Tabernacle, and in H i s H o l y
Sanctuary.
ff
I hope

Nicholas Ferrar.
Cf

25

I hope H e who hath begun this mind in
me will continue it, and make me to walk
fo as I may be always ready for H i m , when
H e mall come either in the public J u d g ment of all the world, or in private j u d g ment to me by death. T h i s is m y purpofe
and this mall be m y labour.
cc
A n d you, m y moft dear Parents, if G O D
mall take me from you, I befeech you be
of good comfort, and be not grieved at m y
death, which I undoubtedly hope mall be
to me the beginning of eternal happinefs.
It was G O D that gave me to you, and if H e
take me from you, be not only content b u t
joyful that I am delivered from the vale of
mifery. T h i s G O D that hath k e p t me ever
fince I was born, will preferve me to the
end, and will give me grace to live in H i s .
Faith, to die in H i s Favour, to reft in H i s
Peace, to rife in H i s Power, and to reign
in H i s glory.
cc
I know, my moft dear parents, your
tender affections towards your children, and
fear your grief if G O D take me away. I
therefore write and leave this, that you
might know your fon's eftate, and afture
yourfelves that t h o u g h he be dead to you,
yet he is alive to G O D .
Cf
I'now

16

T h e Life of

Cf

I now moft humbly befeech you to pardon me in whatfoever I may have at any
time difpleafed you : and I pray G O D to
blefs and keep you : to give you a happy
life here, and everlafting in the world to
come.
cc
Your moft humble and obedient Son,
cf
N . Ferrar.
Cf
Poftfcript,
cc
M y dearer! Brothers and Sifters, If I
live you fhall find me a faithful and loving
brother unto you a l l : if I die, I befeech you
by the fear of G O D , by the duty to your
Parents, by the bond of nature, by the love
you bear me, that you all agree in perfect
love and amity ; and account every one the
other's burthen to be his ; fo may plenty
and profperity dwell among you. So prays
your faithful and loving brother,
cc
N . Ferrar.
" If I die, I defire that the value of £$.
of my books may be given to the College :
the reft I leave to my Father's and Mother's
difpofing: yet I defire that in them m y
worthy T u t o r Lindfell and Coufin Theophilus may be remembered: and if any of my

fitter's

Nicholas Ferrar.

zy

fitter's fons prove a fcholar, the reft may be
given to him.
" T h i s i o t h day of April, being Sunday."
H i s Parents' confent and the College licence obtained, and the favour of the U n i verfity granted with refpecl to his degree,
M r . Ferrar prepared to fet out upon his
travels; a courfe of life undertaken upon
D r . Butler's counfel for the reftoration of
his health, and to take him off from his inceffant application to his ftudies. H e alfo
himfelf had a deft re to fee foreign countries
for the farther acquisition of knowledge.
A n d as he well underftood the grounds of
his Religion, and was convinced of its
truth on Scriptural Authority, as he had
read moft of the Fathers, and Controversial
Writings between the Church of England
and the Church of Rome, and as he had a
memory fo retentive, that he forgot nothing
which he had read, but was able at all times
to bring it forth, and apply it to the prefent occafion, being thus armed beforehand
againft whatever might occur, and relying
wholly upon the mercy of G O D to protect
him, with the moft virtuous refolutions of
heart he fet out upon his travels.

His

28

The

Life

of

H i s T u t o r Lindfell folemnly protefled
that had he not perfectly known his wonderful abilities and uncommon virtue, he
m o u l d not in thefe fo tender years of his
pupil have been a promoter of his travelling in the manner he did all alone ; b u t
would have provided fome worthy tutor to
attend him. H e knew t h a t in all virtue
Nicholas Ferrar was an old man, fo firmly
fixed in his religious principles t h a t there
was no fear of his being feduced by any
thing that he fhould hear or fee. H e knew
that the flock of learning, wifdom and religion which he carried out with him, would
be increafed at his return.
W i t h thefe encouragements did M r .
Lindfell appeafe the fears and tender anxieties of his parents at parting with him : for
they bade him farewell under the dread of
never feeing him again. A n d indeed not
without reafon : for he was then far from
being recovered of his aguifh diforder : b u t
D r . Butler faid the fea would remove it,
and they would foon hear that he was
freed from his infirmity.
Sometime before this, D r . Scot, the
King's fub-almoner, was made Mafter of
Clare H a l l , in the place of D r . Smith removed

Nicholas Ferrar.

29

moved to be Provoft of King's. H e conceived a high refpect and affection for N i cholas Ferrar, and undertook that he jfhould
be introduced to the Lady Elizabeth, to go
in her company and retinue ; me being now
ready to depart with the Prince Palfgrave
her hufband, who were to go firft to Zealand, then to Holland, and from thence
home to the Palatinate. D r . Scot therefore took M r . Ferrar to Court, to kifs her
Royal Highnefs' h a n d : not now in the
garb of a Scholar, but habited as one of
the Gentlemen who belonged to her. A s
for him he took no delight in thefe gay
garments, but fubmitted from a fenfe of
propriety to be thus clad, and to fatisfy his
friends more than himfelf. D r . Scot alfo
introduced him, and procured him the
knowledge and acquaintance of the whole
attendance of the Englifh Courtiers who
then went with the L a d y Elizabeth.
Being now provided with his bills of E x change, he went in the fame fhip with the
Mafter of the Green Cloth, who took an
efpecial liking to him. T h e y arrived happily at Flufhing, where the Royal Fleet
, landed their pafTengers.
A n d in this
voyage M r . Ferrar found the benefit of the

30

The

Life

of

fea air, which, as D r . Butler told him it
would, cleared him of all the remains of .his
diforder. A t Middleburgh the, L a d y E l i zabeth was highly entertained and feafted
with all her noble attendants; and M r .
Ferrar as one of her Gentlemen wanted
for no marks of due notice and refpec~t.
H e r e he made flricSt obfervation of every
thing worth feeing, and gained a fumcient
acquaintance with the language to ferve
him for all ordinary affairs and occafions.
F r o m thence the L a d y Elizabeth pafTed on
from city to city, in all which fhe was received with great honour, and came to the
H a g u e : from thence to Amfterdam, where
m e was more magnificently entertained
than at any former place. In all thefe
towns M r . Ferrar vifited the feveral meeting houfes of the Brownifts, Anabaptifts,
and other Proteftant DifTenters, both to
obferve their manners and teaching, and to
fee if all were anfwerable to his own former
reading. A t all which times he noted their
errors, and greatly confirmed himfelfinhis
own opinions.
T h e Jewifh Synagogue
likewife he left not unfeen, and their orders.
But that which chiefly attracted his notice
at Amfterdam was their Gueft, or Almfhoufes,

Nicholas Ferrar.

31

houfes, where young children of both fexes
are brought up to learn handicrafts. H e r e
he got particular information of all their
proceedings, and ' very liberally rewarded
the attendants. H e particularly admired
the flatelinefs, and neatnefs. of the D u t c h in
thefe public edifices, and the wonderful
good orders and rules by which they are
governed. H e alfo vifited their churches,
heard their fermons, and attended all their
religious rites and ceremonies. H e next
obferved their magazines for all forts of
flores: innumerable boats and mips, and
noted the different way of building from
ours in the ftructure of their war mips.
Ours he perceived were ftronger made, but
theirs formed with more advantage for
fpeedy failing. H e was alfo charmed with
their cleanlinefs and the many good orders
every where obferved to that intent. A n d
he obferved that the whole nation kept
their houfes elegantly neat in all places.
W h e n he came to his lodgings he regularly
entered all his obfervations in a book which
he kept for that purpofe.
T h e Princefs Royal now directed her
courfe towards the Palatinate, which was
different from the route intended by M r .
Ferrar,

32

The

Life

of

Ferrar, who had refolved to pafs through
the lower parts of Weftphalia, and fo to
Bremen, Staad, H a m b u r g h , Lunenburgh,
Lubeck, Leipfic, and fo on to the upper
parts of Germany. T h i s his determination
he made known to the Lady Elizabeth's
chief attendants, who warmly preffed him
to accompany them to H e i d e l b u r g , the
Palfgrave's Court, and chief city of the P a latinate. T h e y told him that her Highnefs
had taken fuch good notice of him herfelf,
and had heard fo much of him from the
commendations of others, that if he fought
preferment by his travels, he might now,
even at the firft, make a very fair ftep towards it. T h e r e was no doubt but he
might be made her Secretary, that me
would think him well worthy of that place
and might recommend him to a better.
H e humbly thanked them for their good
opinion, but afTured them they were miftaken in his abilities. H e was then introduced to her Royal Highnefs, and kifTed
her hand, who bade him farewell, and
wifhed him much happinefs in his travels.
M r . Ferrar now fet forward on his journey from Amfterdam to H a m b u r g h , and
on his way thither he travelled for fome
time

Nicholas Ferrar.

33

time with a perfon for his guide, who had
but one eye. After fome days' travel they
pafTed by a wood, where was a gibbet and
fome bodies hanging in chains. N o w , faid
the poftman, Sir, look yonder, thofe villains
there hanging fome years flnce fet upon
my waggon, wherein were an E n g l i m youth
and a H a m b u r g h merchant, then newly
come out of Spain. T h e rogues carried us
into that wood in a cold frofty morning
and {tripped us : and they found good gold
tied up in the fhirts of the gentlemen who
had travelled with me, which they took,
then drank u p our wine, and went away
laughing. But fome time after, they, frill
uflng the fame trade, fet upon another waggon, whofe pafTengers made fome refinance,
when they m o t three of them dead in the
waggon, and then fled. T h e y were afterwards taken and there hanged as you fee.
Y o u r hiftory is true, faid M r . Ferrar, for
that E n g l i m youth was my brother.
He
has told me this flory himfelf. A n d when
I firfl faw you, I knew you< to be the poftman with whom he travelled, for he defcribed you as having b u t one eye.
A t length he arrived at H a m b u r g h ,
where the Factors of the Merchant A d v e n D
turers

34

The Life of

turers were refident, to whom his father
and brother were well known. H e r e he
found frefh bills of Exchange, and letters
from his father to M r . Gore, his old acquaintance, and then deputy Governor of
the C o m p a n y ; who received M r . Ferrar
with great friendfhip and refpecl, and p r o vided a convenient lodging for him.
D u r i n g his flay here he procured a Scholar
of the country to attend him daily at his
lodgings, and inftruct him in the H i g h
D u t c h language, in which he made fuch a
proficiency as to be of great fervice in the
courfe of his travels. H e r e alfo in the
afternoon he fpent fome hours in examining
the curiofities in this city, and in the places
adjacent. A n d here he informed himfelf by
reading the hiftories in the D u t c h language,
and by difcourfe with men of learning in
the place, of the original of this and the
neighbouring cities; of their feveral forts
of g o v e r n m e n t ; their religion ; eccleiiaftical eftablifhment; their trades ; their commerce ; the nature and difpofition of the
people, and their particular virtues and
vices.
F r o m H a m b u r g h M r . Ferrar travelled
u p the country through many cities, at each
of

Nicholas Ferrar.

3s

of which he ftayed a fufficient time to fee,
and m a k e obfervations upon all things
worthy of notice, which he regularly entered into his book for that ufe in fhort
hand. %
In this manner he pafTed u p to the U n i verfity of Leipfic in Saxony : where, having
proper letters of credit, he refolved to abide
for fome time, both to perfect himfelf in
the H i g h D u t c h language, and to gain alfo
what other knowledge and learning he could
in that p l a c e ; and to acquaint himfelf
with the manner of ordering all things
in that Univerfity. H e lodged himfelf
therefore in a principal houfe of that city,
which by a friend's help he obtained permimon to do ; and the people there were
very civil and courteous to him.
The
Englifh factors mowed him much refpect,
and were greatly delighted with his pleafant difpofition and temper. A n d they
were the more taken with him when they
faw that he would not upon any terms
drink wine or any ftrong drink, and had
alfo obferved his great temperance in all
things, and that he was very humble and
meek in his behaviour. Yet flill they faw
him gallant and rich in apparel. But that
D 2
fafhion

36

T h e Life of

fafhion of drefs his parents thought was
the beft for him to make ufe of in his travels, that fo, according to the mode * of the
world, he might have the eafier admittance
into all places, and all refpeclable company.
A t Leipfic he made inquiry after all the
ableft Scholars in every art and fcience in
that Univerflty, who could be procured for
money to teach him ; and he paid them-all
moft liberally, and far beyond their expectations. F r o m thefe circumftances he was
thought to be fome perfon of great account.
Thefe his feveral tutors coming to him at
fet times, and on feveral days, and his perfonal reforting with the utmoft diligence to
all the exercifes performed in the public
fchools, made him to be very much noticed.
H e gained great reputation for his uncommon abilities, his diligence, and his fweet
deportment; his extraordinary quicknefs
in attaining whatfoever he fet himfelf to,
the elegant Latin which he fpake with the
utmoft readinefs, and his abundant knowledge in feveral forts of learning. T h e
univerfal admiration he obtained was alfo
much heightened by his being fo very
young. H i s acquaintance was defired by
all the learned men of that Univerflty:
and

Nicholas Ferrar.

37

and he being free in all courtefy to enter
into difcourfe with them, many every day
reforted to him. But rinding that this
took up too much of his time, he privately
retired into lodgings in a village in the
neighbourhood, and there enjoyed a better
opportunity to follow the ftudies he had
refolved u p o n ; his tutors attending him
there as they had done before. A n d here
he paffed fome time in reading over the
beft authors who had written on the German nation, and in acquainting himfelf
with the nature of the government, laws,
and cuftoms.
T h e connection of the Engliih factors
at Leipiic with their principals at home,
foon tranfmitted the fame of Nicholas Ferrar to England, who was deemed and reprefented as a perfon who had fome great
intent in his mind, but that it was feared
by all that he could not live to be a man
of any confiderable years.
A s on one hand his parents could not
but rejoice on hearing thefe accounts, fo on
the other they could not help fearing that
his extreme application might, though at
prefent he was in perfect health, neverthelefs decay his ftrength, and fhorten his life.

They

38

T h e Life of

T h e y therefore exhorted him to curb his
too diligent mind, and to abate of his inceffant ftudies, for that they would allow him
what time and money he would for his expenfes.
H a v i n g now learned what he could at
Leipfic, he departed from thence for
P r a g u e , and there he abode a considerable
time, till he was able to converfe fluently
in the H i g h D u t c h language. F r o m thence
he ^wandered up and down, to every great
place here and there, fometimes backwards,
fometimes forwards, vifiting Augfburg,
Strafburg, N u r e m b u r g , U l m , Spires, the
Emperor's Court, and fo from one Prince's
Court to another, obferving every where
their manner of living, and {pending their
t i m e ; what magazines of arms they h a d ;
what retinues they k e p t ; what their incomes w e r e ; from whence they had their
o r i g i n ; what had been their revolutions ;
and accurately noting down whatever Germany had in any place worth recording.
T h e r e being alfo in feveral parts of Germany very ingenious handicrafts of various
forts, in all thefe he acquired a confiderable
degree of knowledge. So that there was
fcarce any trade, art, fkill or fcience concerning

Nicholas Ferrar.

39

cerning which he could not difcourfe to the
aftonifhment even of the profefTors themfelves in their refpective profeiTions.
He
was mafter alfo of the technical terms of
their feveral myfteries, and could fpeak properly to them in their own dialed:.
He
could exprefs all thofe things that belong to
war, foldiery, and arms, all that belong to
mips, and navigation, and was perfect in all
the mariners' peculiar phrafes, and in all the
particularities of every trade and occupation
in common life. A n d in truth all this
without any great care or trouble. F o r his
penetration was fo acute, and his memory
fo vaft, and retentive; that every thing he
read, or heard, or faw was all his own, and
he could inftantly apply it to the occafion
that prefented itfelf, as all who knew him
found by daily proof.
F r o m Germany, Nicholas Ferrar bent
his courfe for Italy. But the plague being
at that time in many towns of Germany,
when he came into the Venetian territories,
he was obliged to remain thirty days in one
place in a lazaretto, where he was fhut u p
for public fecurity ; but was allowed a
chamber to himfelf. H e r e he had leifure
to recollect all thofe things, which to that
time

40

The

Life

of

time had parTed in his travels; to review
his notes and obfervations, which he had
before all along put into fhorthand ; and to
digeffc them into better order for his future
ufe. H e r e alfo he had time to meditate
what he was to do in I t a l y ; how to order
himfelf and his future life to the befb advantage to attain his feveral ends in travel.
H a v i n g completed the thirty days of his
confinement, and being again at liberty to
profecute his journey, it may not be amifs
to relate a remarkable efcape he had upon
the road between Prague and Padua. A s
he rode one day upon {ome very narrow
and dangerous paffages of the Alps., his
guide being fomewhat before him, fuddenly
from the fide of a hill came an afs laden
with a great piece of timber. T h e pafTage
down the hill was extremely narrow, on one
fide very high and precipitous above him,
and on the other alfo precipitoufly ffceep and
fearful, fo that if any man fell, nothing but
immediate death could be expected. T h e
timber did not lie, as at firrl laid on, lengthwife, but quite acrofs the afs's back, and
reached the whole breadth of the pafs from
one fide to the other, and the beaft came
down the hill apace. T h e guide who was
advanced

Nicholas Ferrar.

41

advanced a few yards, and had pafTed the
narrow crevice through which the afs came
into the common road, feeing M r Ferrar's
fituation, cried out in terror. T h e man's
exclamation caufed M r . Ferrar to look u p ,
who was carefully regarding his horfe's
fteps, and was then upon the extreme brink
of the precipice. T h e r e was but a moment
between him and certain deflruction ; when
in that moment, jufl as the beaft came upon
him fhe tripped, and by that motion the
timber was turned the right way as it was
at firfl laid on. M r . Ferrar then fuddenly
{lopping his horfe upon the very edge of
the precipice, there flood flill, till, as it
pleafed G O D , the beafi went quietly on with
her burthen, and parTed him without any.
harm but a flight flroke from the timber.
After this providential efcape, for which he
returned his mofl devout thanks to G O D ,
he proceeded on his road to Padua, and fo
on to Venice without any other difafler.
H a v i n g flayed a convenient time at Venice,
where he enjoyed, the advantage of frequent
accefs to the houfe and table of the Englifh
AmbafTador, to whom he bore letters of introduction, he returned to Padua, which
before he had only parTed through, but
now

42

The

Life

of

now refolved to fettle there for fome t i m e ;
in order to perfect himfelf in all the learning and knowledge to be attained in that
University. H e r e therefore he procured
tutors in thofe fciences in which he intended
to be farther inffcructed. A n d he won their
higher!: admiration at his ingenious questions
and anfwers, his ready apprehenfion, his
earneft profecution, and his wonderful proficiency, in fo many and fuch various ftudies,
which at the fame time feemed to him no
other than fo many feveral recreations. H i s
acquaintance was courted by all the learned
men in the Univerfity, but particularly by
the mofl: eminent Phyficians; as he beffcowed uncommon diligence in the purfuit
of medical knowledge. A n d this he did
from a double motive, both becaufe he held
the Phyfic Fellowfhip at Clare H a l l , and
alfo on account of the infirm, and precarious
ftate of his own health: in which refpect a
proper proficiency in the fcience of medicine
might be peculiarly ferviceable to him.
A n d now his friendihip with the Paduan
Phyficians, and their high efleem and great
love for him, was of fingular benefit to him :
for he fell very dangeroufly ill of a diforder
which in all human probability would have
proved

Nicholas Ferrar.

43

proved fatal, had it not been for their
watchful care, and moft tender attentions.
It has been fuggefted* that upon his recovery from this illnefs, he made a vow of
perpetual celibacy : and that he would upon
his return to England, as foon as he could
conveniently, fettle his affairs for that purpofe, and endeavour to fpend the remainder
of his life in a religious retirement. But
this is very uncertain ; yet, if it be true it
will account for a very remarkable inftance
of felf-denial, which will occur in the future
part of his life.
While M r . Ferrar continued thus at Padua, to eftablifh his health, and purfue his
fludies, he had an opportunity of exercifing
his great faculty in quieting a troubled
mind. For now an Englifh gentleman of
the name of Garton, came thither, who by
the impious cuftom of duelling had killed
another, and had fled from his country to
avoid the punifhment which the laws adjuge
to murderers. H e was under the deeper!:
melancholy, but concealed the caufe of his
uneafinefs.
A t length however he acquainted M r . Ferrar with his misfortune,
* Poflfcript to Herbert's Country Parfon, A preparatory V i e w , Sec.

declaring

44

The Life of

declaring his great contrition, and fincere
repentance ; and befeeching him to give
him counfel and comfort. M r . Ferrar by
his fpiritual confolations, his perfuafiye
arguments, and wonderful power over the
human mind, at length made the unhappy
fufferer more eafy and compofed, and confirmed him in the hope of forgivenefs. A n d
this event laid the foundation of a fincere and
moft affectionate friendfhip between them.
M r . Ferrar thus pafling his time between
Venice and Padua in a courfe of learning
and virtue, and in the morl laudable purfuits, he was much fought after, and vifited
by the Englifh who were then alfo on their
travels; who were delighted with his converfation, notwithftanding that his way of
life and manner of thinking were very different from their o w n : and they would
often ingenuoufly confefs that he was certainly in the right way, and that they could
not but wifh they could live as he lived.
Thefe men on their return to England
fpoke of him in the higheft terms of applaufe to their refpective families and connections. T h e Italian merchants alfo and
the Englifh factors refident in different parts
of Italy, with whom he had tranfactions on
money

Nicholas Ferrar.

45

money concerns, all wrote of him to their
correfpondents in England, with the warmer! commendations, confidering him as one
who had fome great object in view, and
would fome time appear to the world poffeiTed of very extraordinary talents. T h u s
his reputation became general, on the exchange, in the city, at Court, and all over
the country he was univerfally known and
uniyerfally admired.
H a v i n g now finimed his intended todies,
having traverfed all Italy, and become intimately acquainted with every place of confequence, being perfect mafter of the Italian
language, both for writing and difcourfe,
having an accurate knowledge of all their
laws, cuftoms, manners, doctrines, and
practices, civil, and ecclefiaftic, and having
made the beft ufe of everything he had
heard, read, or feen, and being determined
as to his future plan of conduct, he refblved
at laft to pay a viiit to Imperial Rome.
H e knew indeed before he went thither, as
much of that celebrated city, both ancient
and modern, as could be learned from hiftory, and from converfation with many
perfons of great judgment and obfervation,
who had lately been t h e r e : but he was defirous

4.6

T h e Life of

firous to confirm what he had learned byinformation from others, by his own obfervation.
H e frayed at R o m e about ten days, and in
that time he fo improved his opportunities
as that he fatisfied himfelf in feeing all that
he defired. But the particulars need not
be here recited, as they may be found in
many other books upon this fubject.
F r o m R o m e he returned to Venice, not
acquainting any one where he had been.
A t his return he was welcomed home by
the Englifhmen, and all his other acquaintance ; as was the cuftom with them at other
times, after his other excurfions. In one of
thefe, he went to fee the Chapel of Loretto.
From thence he went to Malta, where one
of the Knights conceiving a particular
friendfhip for him, at their parting defired
his acceptance of one of the rich croffes
worn by the brethren of that Order, entreating him to keep it for his fake; and
thus exchanging mutual good wifhes and
benedictions, M r . Ferrar returned again to
Venice.
A n d now intending at length to leave
Italy, he went from Venice to Marfeilles,
purpofing after he had paffed fufficient time
in

Nicholas Ferrar.

47

in that city, for vifiting what was remarkable there and in the parts adjacent, to take
fhip there and fail from thence to Spain.
But at Marfeilles he fell dangeroufly ill,
being fuddenly feized with a violent fever,
which daily grew worfe and worfe. A n d
what added to his misfortune, he knew no
one in the place, nor had he any of his
former acquaintance with him. In this diftrefs he fent for the moft celebrated phyfician in the city, and trufted himfelf entirely
to his care. H e was very regular in his
attendance, and was very careful of him.
H i s hoft alfo and hoflefs where he lodged
mowed great tendernefs and attention to
him.
T h e firft day he was taken ill he wrote
to his much-loved friend whom he had left
at Venice, the unfortunate M r . Garton, to
whom he had promifed to give information
of his arrival at Marfeilles. In this letter
he acquainted him that he was beginning to
grow ill, and feared his illnefs would prove
both long and dangerous. N o r was he
miftaken, for his illnefs continued thirtyfour days, and his phyiician was for a long
time in abfolute defpair of his life. T h i s
made his attendants defirous to know who
he

48

T h e Life of

he was, which M r . Ferrar induftrioufly concealed. But one day, as they were looking
amongft his things for fomething he had
called for, carefully wrapped u p in a little
box, was difcovered the rich crofs which
was prefented to him by his friend the
Knight of Malta, at his departure from
that liland. A t fight of this, the hoft and
hoftefs, and the Phyfician prefently conc l u d e d that he was a knight of that Order,
who was travelling unknown, and they earnestly entreated him no longer to conceal
himfelf. M r . Ferrar in vain endeavoured
to convince them of the miftake, afTuring
them that he was only a private gentleman,
travelling for amufement and inftrudHon;
for the more he affirmed this, the more
they were confirmed in their own opinion.
H i s diforder ftill continuing excemve, the
phyfician had given him up for loft.
But
at the very moment when all hope was gone,
a favourable crifis took place ; and though
he was extremely weak, and reduced to the
loweft degree, yet he foon appeared to be in
a fair way of recovery.
A n d now word was brought to him that
there was a gentleman below, juft arrived
from Venice, who demanded to fee him.

They

Nicholas Ferrar.

49

T h e y who know what true friendfhip is,
need not to be informed that this perfon
could be no other than his dear and unfortunate friend M r . Garton. W h e n he came
into M r . Ferrar r s room, and beheld his
friend lying on the bed of ficknefs, fo pale,
weak, and reduced, he bur ft into tears.
H i s friend was equally affected, feeing h i m
fo unexpectedly. T h e y mutually embraced,
and a long, and affectionately expreflive
filence enfued : for their hearts were fo full,
that neither could for fome time {peak to
the other. A t length M r . Ferrar told
him how welcome he was to him, who b u t
yefterday expected never to fee him more.
M r . Garton replied, that on the receipt of
his letter he became fo deeply afflicted, that
he could not reft, day or night, till he
mould fee him. T h a t if he mould find
him ftill fick, he might abide with him and
take care of him : that if he m o u l d die, he
might perform the due honours of burial :
and that if he mould recover, he might rejoice with him on that happy occafion, and
in every refpect mow him that unfeigned
friend/hip which was juftly due to his uncommon virtue.
As a fincere and affectionate friend is
E
perhaps

So

The

Life of

perhaps the moft effectual medicine that
can be adminiftered to the fick, fo by the
endearing attentions of the benevolent M r .
Garton, M r . Ferrar every day advanced
apace in his recovery. . A n d when he was
thought to be out of danger, M r . Garton
faid he murt at lafl bid him farewell, and
return to Venice. Yes, faid M r . Ferrar,
you (hall now return to Venice, but I will
return with you. For as you have been fo
very kind as to come fo far to take care of
me when I was ill, and have likewife flayed
fo long with me, it is but juftice, and the
leafr. return I can make, to fee you fafe
back ; nor would he take any refufal; and
fo they returned together to Venice. F f o m
this place M r . Ferrar immediately gave his
parents an account of his cruel, ficknefs, *and
his recovery at Marfeilles, in a very affectionate letter bearing date April, 1616.
H a v i n g flayed at Venice till he was perfectly recovered, and his ftrength thoroughly
recruited, he took his laft leave of all his
friends and acquaintance t h e r e ; but particularly of his dear friend M r . Garton who
at their parting prefented him with an excellent and coflly rapier, faying that perhaps
it might be of ufe to him in his future travels,

j
i
j
j
j
i

1

Nicholas Ferrar.

51

vels, and wifhed him to keep it as a testimony of his »friendfhip. A n d now thefe
dear friends with the warmer!: affection bade
each other adieu ! For in the gulf of Venice a fmall Englifh veffel was ready to fail
for Spain, and M r . Ferrar refolved to take
his paffage in her, that fo he might travel
through Spain, and fee that kingdom, after
which he purpofed in like manner to fee
France, and fo return home.
T h e fhip, in which M r . Ferrar left Venice, carried, only ten guns, but was overloaded, though there were no pafTengers but
himfelf. T h e y had not been long at fea,
before a large fhip, a Turkifh pirate, gave
them chace, and gained fpeedily upon them.
A n d there being fome difference of opinion
between the officers, and mariners, whether
they ought to yield, or fight it o u t ; they
referred their doubts to M r , Ferrar, who
had flood filent among them attending to
their debate. T h e y faid, This young man
has a life to lofe, as well as we ; let us hear
what he thinks of the matter. For from
his firft coming on hoard, upon difcourfe
with him, they had. taken a great liking to
him, perceiving that he had great fkill in
maritime affairs.
E 2
Mr.

52

The

Life

of

M r . Ferrar being thus applied to in form
for his opinion, refolutely told them that
they ought to fight it out, and p u t their
truft in G O D . T h a t it was better to die
valiantly, than be carried into flavery.
T h a t G O D could eafily deliver them, and
he hoped would not fufFer them to fall into
the hands of their enemy. H e then p u t
them in mind of the many fea engagements
achieved by their countrymen, in which the
victory had been gained againfl fuperior
numbers.
T h u s encouraged, his words
were fo prevalent, that with all fpeed they
made ready to defend themfelves, committing their caufe to the protection of G O D ,
A n d to mow that they were not deficient in
Englifh fpirit, they, having the advantage
of the wind, and a fit opportunity, determined to give their enemy a broadfide:
when, lo ! jufl as the maffcer was giving the
word to the gunner to fire, the Turkifh
fhip, to their great aftonimment, fell off,
and fleered away from them with all the
fail fhe could make. T h e y foon perceived
t h a t this unexpected movement was from
the difcovery of another fhip, which, they
fuppofed, was thought to be a better booty.
T h e T u r k being gone they proceeded on
their

Nicholas Ferrar.

$3

their voyage, and without any further difficulty arrived at their deftined port in Spain.
Soon after his arrival, M r . Ferrar determined to fee Madrid, and the King's Court,
and whatever elfe was worth notice in that
part of the country. But having fpent
fome time at Madrid, he had alfo fpent almoil all the money which he brought with
him from Venice. Fie therefore .made inquiry whether there were any bills of exchange, or letters for him, directed to fome
of the Englifh merchants in that city, but
could not hear of any ; for he had reached
Madrid long before his father thought he
could be there. In making this inquiry, he
carried the matter fo, as if it was for a gentleman of the name of Ferrar, who he expected would be there about that time : for
he was refolved, if poflible, not to difcover
himfelf.
But it happened that a M r .
W y c h e , the fon of a merchant, a particular
friend of M r . Ferrar's father, was at that
time at Madrid. A n d he being informed
that this young ftranger made frequent
inquiry after one of the name of Ferrar,
kept an obfervant eye upon him. A n d
perceiving fomething very extraordinary in
his genteel deportment, in the wifdom and
the

54

T h e Life of

the wit of his converfation 3 and his great
knowledge in languages, he concluded him
to be fome perfon of high fafhion, who
was defirous to travel unknown; and thereupon, both himfelf, and all the Englifh
eftabliihed there, made him an offer of all
the civilities in their power.
But as he was now at a ftand how to
proceed, and what courfe to take in order
to pafs through Spain, and then through
France home, and being uneafy that no
bills of exchange were come for fuch a one
as he inquired after, he fuddenly determined to travel no farther at prefent; but
immediately to make the beit of his way
to England, and in order to this, to travel
on foot as well as he could to S. Sebaftian's,
and there take fhip for his native country.
In preparation for^this expedition, as he
ffcill refolved, if poflible, to keep himfelf
unknown, he privately fold his cloak, and
fome jewels which he had by him, to fupply his prefent occafions, and provide for
his future wants in his journey. A t quitting Madrid he took leave of M r . W y c h e ,
and the other Englifh merchants, with acknowledgments of their many civilities to
him. A t which time M r , W y c h e made him
an

Nicholas Ferrar.

55

an offer of what money he might want,
which M r . Ferrar politely declined.
And now he fet forward on foot, with
the rich rapier in his hand ? prefented to
him by his dear friend M r . Garton, without
a cloak, in his doublet and cafTock.
And
with many a weary ftep, and very few accommodations, he purfued his journey, till
he found his feet after a few days' travelling
on the hot fands of that country to become
quite wearied, and the fkin to come off, fo
that it was exceflively painful to him to
proceed. O n e night his hoftefs where he
lodged, feeing he was a y o u n g foot traveller, and that he fuffered greatly from the
torment of his feet, prefcribed to him to
bathe and fteep his feet for a confiderable
time in a bowl of fack which fhe brought
for that purpofe. T h i s gave him immediate eafe, and enabled him to proceed comfortably on his journey the next morning,
and by future applications prevented all
future inconveniences of that fort.
H i s reafon for travelling always with his
rapier in his hand, was not only to be
inftantly upon his defence in cafe of any
fudden attack, but that he m i g h t alfo pafs
the more readily in all places as a y o u n g
foldier,

s6

T h e Life of

foldier, going towards Flanders to ferve the
K i n g of Spain, under Spinola. A n d upon
the way at all fit times, and places, as he
travelled, he feemed to be very inquifitive
about Spinola, and what he was doing in
Flanders ; fo that all with whom he had
any difcourfe of this fort, took him for an
Italian. But at one place where he pafTed
the night, the governor being informed of
a ftranger, who lodged in the town, examined him ftrictly in many particulars.
A n d M r . Ferrar made him fuch wary
anfwers, that he was at a lofs what farther
to fay to him. A t laft cafting his eyes
upon the rapier, he told him that coftly
rapier was unbefitting him, for he knew
not how he came by it, and therefore he
would have it from him. M r . Ferrar told
him he muft pardon him in not parting
with his weapon, which a foldier o u g h t to
preferve as his life ; adding that it was
given him by a dear and worthy friend,
who enjoined h i m to keep it, and that he
was determined fo to do. But this did not
fatisfy the governor, who told him that ftout
as he was he mould deliver the rapier to
him before he departed, or he would m a k e
him repent his refufal.
M r . Ferrar replied,

Nicholas Ferrar.

57

plied, that he hoped there was more juftice
to be found every where in Spain, than to
take by force an innocent traveller's weapon
from him. T h a t he had not in any thing
offended Csefar, or his laws, or the cuftoms
of his country fince he was in it, and that he
would be cautious not to do fo during the
remainder of his flay. T h a t he came very
lately from the King's Court, and that he
had friends there who would not fuffer him
to receive any wrong. F r o m this wife and
refolute anfwer, his determined behaviour,
and a ftyle of language fo far above his outward appearance, the {landers by concluded
him to be fome other man than his habit
declared, and advifed the governor to meddle no more with him about the rapier.
W h o then addreffmg himfelf to M r . Ferrar, faid, W e l l , I perceive you are a young
Italian gentleman, and inquire after our
affairs in Flanders, and after the Marquis
Spinola your countryman, to whom I underfland you are going. I like well your
weapon, which in truth is mofl handfome
and foldier-like; and fo he difmifTed him
to proceed on his journey.
W h i l e M r . Ferrar travelled thus alone
over a great part of Spain, he walked once
half

58

The Life of

half a day without feeing any body, and
was therefore obliged to guefs at his way
by the befl: obfervation he could make, to
proceed ftraight forward from the place
where he had lodged the night' before.
A n d it being now near evening, he perceived that the road he was in led him to a
very high hill, which at length he with no
fmall pains and difficulty afcended : and
being arrived at the top, he there found a
round plat of level ground, of confiderable
magnitude, encompafTed entirely with rocks
of a prodigious height, and extremely fteep
on every fide, neither could he difcern any
pathway, except that by which he had
afcended, to lead him out from this rocky
enclofure, and thereby encourage him to
go forward.
A t the fight of this he was much troubled, thinking he had wholly miflaken the
hill which he had been directed to afcend,
and that he muft at laft take u p his unhoufed lodging there that night. Being
thus perplexed, and not knowing what to
do, he devoutly knelt down, and prayed to
G O D to protect and direct him.
Then
examining with careful anxiety all parts, to
fee if he could find any way to help him
forward

Nicholas Ferrar.

59

forward in his journey, for it was too late
to think of returning, he efpied a large
black hog, come haftily running out from
a narrow crevice or cleft in the rock, and
immediately difappear again. But he with
his eyes obferved, and with his feet made
all poflible haffce to fallow and fee what was
become of the beafL F o r he conceived
hopes that it might be fome tame animal,
now in the evening returning to its home,
and confequently, that porTibly there was
fome dwelling houfe not far off.
Prefently
he faw the fame creature again, now running at the farther end of the level plain
down the fide of the hill. A n d , coming to
the fpot, he perceived a hollow, covered
paffage, cut into the folid rock, and at fome
diftance within this hollow, a fort of window or air-hole, to give light and air to this
fubterranean pafTage. Refolving therefore
to follow the animal which he plainly faw
to enter this cavity, after fome time, and very
cautious treading, he found a turning which
grew at every ftep more and more dark.
Yet flopping a little while* liflening, and
ftill looking and venturing flowly more forward, he difcerned, as he thought, a glimmering of more light at a diftance. So he
went

6o

T h e Life of

went on, and found it to be another window or air-hole, cut like the former
through the folid rock to give farther light
to the fubterranean paffage. T h u s proceeding onwards, in the fame manner, and
under the fame difagreeable circumftances,
he at length plainly perceived that this
paffage was a way to fome fubterranean
habitation, cut by human labour into the
heart of the rock. Thereupon, liftening,
and proceeding with caution, he fancied that
he heard the voices of people talking at no
great diflance. Refolving therefore to go
forward again, he found at length that
there was indeed a fort of houfe in the very
fubflance of the rock, and that it was a
harbour, or place of entertainment for
pafTengers who travelled that way.
Coming into the room he faluted the
hoft, and the people who were there ; and
fitting down he called for bread and wine,
and then began to difcourfe with them how
hard it was to find the way to t h e m ; which,
they faid, to a ftranger muft be indeed
extremely difficult; but was riot fo to thofe
who were acquainted with the turns and
windings of that fubterranean labyrinth.
H e then called for more wine to warn, and
bathe

Nicholas Ferrar.

61

bathe his feet. W h i c h done, after fome
communication of ordinary matters, fuch as
travellers- ufe with their hofts, he made
ftric~l obfervation of the difpofition and
manners of the people in the houfe, and
found great reafon not very well to like
them : but now there was no remedy.
A s for the people, they thought him to
be a young Italian foldier, going to the
M a r q u i s Spinola. F o r that way his converfation much tended, and mowed that he
was well acquainted with all the military
tranfactions in Flanders with the H o l l a n d ers. A t length he told them that he was
very weary and very fleepy, and, if they
pleafed, would lie down upon a bench, and
take fome reft. For that, he pretended,
was his cuftom when he travelled, in order
to inure himfelf to hardships.
T h e r e u p o n they ihowed him into another
room within the cavern ; and M r . Ferrar,
not laying his rapier away, but keeping it
clofe to him, lay down to fleep. But he
was fcarce laid down, when two lufty, ruffian looking fellows, and a young woman
came into the room. M r . Ferrar heard and
faw them, but lay frill, as if he was faft
afleep. T h e men then demanded of the
people

62

The

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of

people of the houfe, W h o is this here,
who lies ileeping upon the bench ? T h e y
anfwered, W e know not, he is lately come
in very weary, and fays he is a young
Italian foldier, who is going into Flanders,
to ferve under Spinola. And then they
entered into fome converfation in a very
low voice, which M r . Ferrar could not
hear.
After this they fat down at a table at the
farther end of the room, and in a bold manner began to call for various things, and
in drinking their wine they difcourfed of
different matters, and at length grew very
merry. But at laft one of the fellows went
out, and after a fliort time came in again,
and then after fome flight and foolifh words
began to 'quarrel with the woman. She
gave him as crofs words in return, and their
other companion taking her part, from
words they came to blows, and began to
lay hands on the woman. W h e r e u p o n fhe
crying out, the hofl came running in, but
inftead of being appeafed by him, they
grew more and more fierce. All this M r .
Ferrar heard and faw, but appeared as if
he was in a found fleep, and kept his hand
faft upon his rapier. T h e y called to him

Nicholas Ferrar.

63

for help, but he regarded not their brawling,
ftill making as if he was dead afleep.
Therefore as he continued to lie ftill, and
feemed to take no notice of them, their
contention ceafed, and they all went out of
the room in very friendly terms together.
M r . Ferrar faw all this was done to
provoke him to rife, and take one part or
other, that fo they might have quarrelled
with him, and carried into execution fome
bad defign againft him. But he heard no
more of them; and not being able to fleep,
he rofe at day break, and made hafte away,
giving G O D thanks for his efcape out of
their hands.
After his efcape from this fubterranean
abode, having travelled five hundred miles
in Spain, in the heat of fummer, alone, and
on foot, making his obfervations on the
country, its curioflties, and productions,
and on the difpofitions, and manners of the
people, he at length arrived fafely at S.
Sebaftian's. H e r e he found a fhip ready
to fail for England, but waiting for a fair
wind. In this interval he received great
civilities from the captain of the veffel,
and from all the Englifh fettled at that
place* A t length the wind came fair, and
after

64

The

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of

after a few days' happy pafTage he landed
at Dover, where he returned his fincere
thanks to G O D for bringing him in health
and fafety to his native country.
W e are now no longer to consider M r .
Ferrar as a young man travelling for
amufement and inftruction, difplay ing everywhere uncommon abilities, illuftrious virtue,
and indefatigable industry, exciting the
higher! admiration, and receiving in every
country univerfal applaufe; but we mail
now fee him the man of bufmefs, applying
with unwearied attention the great talents
with which GOD had blefTed him, to important negociations both of a private, and
a public nature.
H i s return was at a very critical time.
F o r one branch of his family was in great
diftrefs, and flood in need of his care and
wifdom.
H i s brother J o h n Ferrar was
likewife entered into a great public employment, by which he became engaged in
many affairs which required his amftance.
For Sir Edwyn Sandys being chofen Governor of the Virginia Company, M r . J o h n
Ferrar was made King's Counfel for that
plantation. H e therefore left the management of his concerns in merchandife to his
friends

Nicholas Ferrar.

6s

friends and partners. A n d the Virginia
courts after this were kept at the houfe of
M r . Ferrar the father; who from his fingular affection for that honourable company,
himfelf being one of the firft adventurers
of that plantation, and the Somers Iflands,
allowed them the ufe of his great hall, and
other heir, rooms of his houfe to hold their
weekly and daily meetings. M a n y other
things both of public and private concernment, now on foot, feemed equally to call
for the prefence and afTiftance of M r . N .
Ferrar. For (not to fpeak of public matters) to all human appearance, without his
advice, diligence, and great wifdom in
managing the private affairs of his family
at this critical juncture, there had been
great danger not only of much lofs in many
particulars, but even of the overthrow and
ruin of his elder brother.
Immediately after his arrival at Dover
M r . Ferrar rode pofl to London; and finding the door of his father's houfe open, he
entered with his rich rapier at his fide,
arrayed only in his caffock and doublet,
and juft in the manner as he had travelled
from Madrid to S. Sebaftian's.
T h e meeting between the worthy parents
F
and

66

T h e Life of

and their beloved fon, whom they had not
feen for five years, and whom they had
expected never to have {&en again, was
mutually affectionate and endearing to the
higher!; degree, and may more eaflly be
imagined than defcribed. T h i s his unexpected and much wifhed for return was in
the year 1618 ; he himfelf being then
twenty-fix, his father feventy-two, and his
mother fixty-two years of age.
H e foon mowed himfelf upon the E x change, and in perfon returned his thanks
to thofe merchants by whofe factors he had
received his remittances, and many local
civilities. H e was now much noticed both
for the beauty of his perfon, and for his
many eminent qualities: and all his friends
foon found that the accounts they had
received of his worth and wifdom from
abroad had not been exaggerated, but that
his virtues, and his accomplishments furpaffed all report, and all expectation.
In his travels through H o l l a n d , Germany,
Italy and Spain, M r . Ferrar purchafed many
rare articles of curiofity, many fcarce and
valuable books, and learned treatifes in the
languages of thofe different countries. In
collecting which he certainly had a principal
eye

Nicholas Ferrar.

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eye to thofe which treated the fubjects of a
fpiritual life, devotion, and religious retirement. H e bought alfo a very great number
of prints engraved by the beft mailers of
that time ; all relative to hiftorical pafTages
of the Old and N e w Teftament.
Indeed
he let nothing of this fort that was valuable
efcape him.
A n d this great treafure of
rarities, books, and prints, upon his return
home, he had the fatisfaction to find were
fafely arrived there before him.
It now comes in the order of time to fpeak
of the great hand which M r . N . Ferrar
had, immediately after his return, in the
management of the affairs of the Virginia
Company; in which, by his prudent conduct,
he got through many and great difficulties
with high credit and reputation.
Soon after M r . Ferrar's return, Sir Edwyn
Sandys who had heard a high character of
him from many who had known him in
Italy, fought his acquaintance ; and being
exceedingly taken with his great abilities,
took the firft opportunity to make him
known to the Earl of Southampton, and
the other principal members of the Virginia
Company. In a very little time he was
made one of a particular committee in fome
F 1
buiinefs

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bufinefs of great importance; whereby the
company having fufficient proof of his
extraordinary abilities, at the next general
court it was propofed and agreed that he
fhould be King's Counfel for the Virginia
plantation in the place of his brother J o h n ,
who was then made the D e p u t y Governor.
A n d when his name, according to cuftom,
was entered in the L o r d Chamberlain's book,
Sir E d w y n Sandys took care to acquaint that
L o r d with his uncommon worth : which
indeed daily more and more appeared in
every thing he undertook: and as he wanted
no ability, fo he fpared no diligence in
ordering all their affairs of confequence.
A n d thus he became deeply engaged in
cares of a public nature.
Yet his own
inclinations at his return led him rather to
t h i n k of fettling himfelf again at Cambridge, to which he was the more induced, as he ftill held the Phyiic Fellowfhip in Clare H a l l . But this he now faw
could not be done. Befides, his parents,
now grown old, requefted their beloved
fon to remain with them. Therefore all
he could obtain in this refpect from them,
and from his buiinefs, was the liberty
now and then to pafs a few days with his
old

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old acquaintance and friends frill remaining
in Cambridge.
A t this time, 1619, M r . H e n r y Briggs,
the celebrated Mathematician, and Reader
of Geometry at Grefham College, and one
of the Virginia Company, being about to
leave London, and fettle at Oxford as
Savilian ProfefTor there, recommended it
to the City of London, who had the gift of
that ProfefTormip, that they mould by all
means offer the place to M r . Ferrar upon
his own terms, faying, T h a t he was the
ablefl proficient he knew in that fcience.
T h e offer was made accordingly, which M r .
Ferrar modeftly declined, faying his friend
M r . Briggs was much miftaken in him, and
that his affection and goodnefs to him had
mined his judgment. H e therefore prayed
them to appoint fome more worthy perfon ;
but that for himfelf, though he declined the
intended honour, he would always be ready
to ferve the City of London, and the magnificent foundation of Sir T h o m a s Grefham,
to the utmofh of his power.
While Sir Edwyn Sandys continued
Governor, the reputation of the Virginia
Company rofe very high under his prudent
management. But having now ferved his
year

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of

year, and being by the general voice intended
to have been elected again, by fome fecret
power at Court all the meafures were
broken that had been before taken for t h a t
purpofe.
Sir Edwyn Sandys having been thus £et
afide, the Earl of Southampton was chofen
Governor, with M r . J o h n Ferrar as Deputy.
T h i s nobleman had a particular friendship
with Sir Edwyn Sandys, and took this
office conditionally that his friend mould
continue his advice and afliftance in the
bufinefs of the company.
So that there
were now three very able men engaged.
L o r d Southampton, Sir E d w y n Sandys,
and M r . Nicholas Ferrar. L o r d Southampton celebrated for wifdom, eloquence^
and fweet d e p o r t m e n t ; Sir Edwyn Sandys
for great knowledge and integrity; and
Nicholas Ferrar for "wonderful abilities,.
unwearied diligence, and the ftricteft virtue.
T h e latter was now fully employed in
drawing up inftructions concerning all the
various bufinefs refpecling the plantation,
in writing all letters of advice to the colony
in Virginia, and in being conftantly one in
every committee. W h i c h inftructions and
letters being always read in the open courts,
gained

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71

gained him univerfal approbation.
The
civilians, the common lawyers, the divines,
(of which laft Dean Williams afterwards
Bifhop of Lincoln was one,) who attended
thefe courts, when acquainted with M r .
Ferrar's performances, all fpoke of him in
highefl: terms of commendation.
The
merchants and tradefmen, when he had
occafion to fpeak of their matters, even
the fea officers and mariners, when he gave
directions about the victualling and ordering
the mips or other naval affairs, all were in
the highefl: admiration of his abilities and
accurate knowledge of every thing relating
to their refpective profeflions. A n d now
under the management and direction of
Lord Southampton, Sir E d w y n Sandys,
and M r . Nicholas Ferrar, the affairs of the
Virginia Plantation were foon in the moft
flouriihing fituation.
A t this time there was in London a M r .
Copeland, a Minifter in the Somers Iflands,
who contracted a great intimacy with M r .
Ferrar. H e was a worthy man, and very
zealous for the conversion of the infidel
natives of America. H e had many conferences with M r . Ferrar upon this fubject,
and the befl: way and means to effect i t ;
and

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and he feriouily informed Sir E . Sandys
and others of the company, that he verily
believed M r . Ferrar was determined fome
time to leave the Old W o r l d , and fettle in
Virginia, and there employ the extraordinary talents with which G O D had blefTed
him, and fpend his life in the converfion of
the natives, or other infidels in that country:
adding, " I f he mould do fo, I will never
forfake him, but wait upon him in that
glorious work."
T h i s appears a ftrong
prefumptive proof, that notwithflanding
M r . Ferrar's great abilities in different occupations, and his wonderful proficiency in
various acquifitions of fcience, and other
accomplifhments, yet that the peculiar bent
and determination of his mind was uniformly given to the promotion of the
Christian religion.
A t this time (April, 1620) died M r . F e r rar the father, who made his fon Nicholas
his fole executor ; which was a great addition to the bufinefs already lying upon him :
but he had abilities equal to anything, and
to every thing, with firmnefs of mind and
integrity equal to his ability. M r . Ferrar,
Senior, by his will gave ^ 3 0 0 towards erecting a fchool or college in Virginia for the
better

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better education of fuch infidel children as
mould be there converted to the Chriftian
religion. H e was buried in the church of
S. Bennet Sherhog, April 12, and his old
friend D r . Francis W h i t e , whom he brought
from the obfcurity of the country into a
more public life, preached his funeral fermon to a crowded audience ; in which he
defcribed him as a fecond Nathaniel, an
Ifraelite indeed in whom was no guile.
T h e Virginia plantation, now under the
government of the Earl of Southampton,
became every day of higher reputation, and
the affairs of the company in confequence
every day of more weighty importance.
So that M r . Ferrar, both as counfel to the
company, and affiftant alfo to his brother
as deputy governor, was prefted by a
double weight of care : as the company
vrould not permit the deputy to refign till
he had' executed his office three years,
which he did 1619, under Sir Edwyn
Sandys, and 1620, 1621, under the Earl
of Southampton.
But now the increafing fame of this company, and the wife management of it was
carried into Spain, and caufed no fmall
alarm. T h e politicians there faw, or p r e tended

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tended to fee danger in the courfe of not
many years. Virginia was too near them,
both by fea and land : and they did not
know but the people of that plantation,
when once a little fettled, might perhaps be
looking over the hills, and at length fpy
out their rich mines. Gondomar therefore,
the Spanifh AmbafTador, had it in commiffion to have a fpecial eye upon the company,
and the managers of their affairs.
And
he was indeed a vigilant obferver of his
instructions. H e not only gained an abfolute influence over the King, but many
great men about him, whom he had bought
with Spanifh m o n e y : thefe were very
powerful, and well known at court by the
name of the Spanifh party.
Gondomar and the King had now agreed
upon the destruction of the Virginia Company. Notice of their defigns was given
to Lord Southampton and Sir -Edwyn
Sandys, by the Marquis of Hamilton and
the Earl of P e m b r o k e ; who privately
warned them to look well to themfelves,
and their proceedings, for that many Stratagems were now in train, and would be
pufhed to the utmoft to procure the destruction of the plantation, and to ruin all
perfons

Nicholas Ferrar.

75

perfons who mould be employed in fupporting the affairs of the company. T h i s
opportune advice produced a double care
and watchfulnefs in the managers, if
poflible to prevent the intended mifchief.
In the Eafter term, 1622, M r . J o h n
Ferrar having been continued deputy
governor three years, Nicholas Ferrar was
elected to fucceed him. For Lord Southampton plainly told the deputation from
the company, who waited on him to deiire
he would confent to be re-elected, that if
they did not choofe M r . Nicholas Ferrar
to be the deputy governor, he could not
any longer take the office of governor
upon him ; faying that he was the only
perfon who was able to go through with
the bufinefs ; and to encounter all thofe
great and potent oppositions, which he knew
either were, or very foon would be raifed
againfr. the company and the plantation;
and that without M r . Ferrar's affiftance all
would fall to ruin. You all, he continued,
fee and know his abilities and his integrity
as well as I. On condition of his being
deputy, I will be your governor : but he
muffc be the perfon who muft act both mine
and his own part alfo.
W i t h o u t him I
dare

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dare not accept the office ; with him, I will
do all I can to ferve you.
Thefe things being thus fettled, the meetings at M r s . Ferrar's houfe began again to
be crowded, as ufual; and Gondomar exerted double diligence, procuring by Spanifh
gold, fpies, who informed him of every thing
that was done at thefe meetings ; and what
added greatly to his influence, the Spanifh
party at court carried every thing with a
high hand.
But by M r . Ferrar's care and induffcry
things feemed, notwithstanding, to be getting again in a fair way towards a lafKng
fettlement.
After a fhort time, however, a commifTion
was granted by the King to fome known
enemies to the company to difturb and teaze
them by vexatious examinations. A n d one
Captain Butler, whom the company had
removed from his office for fcandalous mifmanagement and injuflice, was fuborned,
and made an inftrument to fpread difadvantageous reports of the country itfelf,
as unfit to be planted, being extremely
unhealthy and entirely unproductive.
Before thefe commiflioners M r . Ferrar
often appeared in the defence of the company,

Nicholas Ferrar.

77

pany, and exerted himfelf with fuch firmnefs
and force of argument, not only face to face
to the accufers, but by fuch unanfwerable
deductions in writing, that the commiflioners were not able to proceed : all their allegations being demonftrated by him to be
falfe and frivolous. T h e matter therefore
was brought from them before the council
table. A n d then M r . Ferrar, and the company were forced to attend there twice or
thrice a week for half a year together, in
order to weary them out by a vexatious
perfecution. But notwithstanding all thefe
infamous machinations, nothing could be
taken hold of to wrefl the patent from the
company. T h e y were often indeed required
to lay it down ; but this they refufed to do.
A t this time, though there were many
able men of the company ready to defend
their juft caufe, yet the Lords of the Council
infifted that the deputy, being, as they faid,
the reprefentative of the company, mould
be the only perfon to anfwer their objections.
A n d this they did on feeing him fo young
a man, thinking from that circumffcance to
gain fome advantage over him. But he
anfwered them all with that fingular wifdom
and modefty, that accurate knowledge of
affairs,

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affairs, that difcretion, firmnefs, and eloquence, that the mercenaries of Gondomar
were confounded ; and then by a new and
unexpected artifice, and in pretended admiration of his great abilities, faid it was pity
but that he mould be taken off from his
prefent bufinefs, and employed in public
affairs of more weighty importance.
Accordingly overtures were made, and a
negociation entered upon with L o r d Southampton and Sir E d w y n Sandys, to prevail
with them to perfuade M r . Ferrar to accept
the place of Clerk of the Council, or (Leiger) E n v o y to the D u k e of Savoy, which of
the two employments he himfelf liked beft.
H e modeftly declined the offer, faying his
abilities were not fufrlcient for a poft of fuch
weighty importance. H i s friends continued
to prefs him, and he to refufe. A t length
he told them that he could not accept of
fuch preferment, that his thoughts lay quite
another way. But feeing their importunity
continue, he in confidence to his two great
friends, and on their promife of fecrecy,
declared to them his folemn determination,
when he fhould have difcharged the duties
of his prefent fituation, to enter upon a
ftate of religious retirement.
Still

Nicholas Ferrar.

79

Still however the fame unjuft perfecution
of the company was carried o n ; and M r .
Ferrar ftill remained unanfwerable in his
defence. W h e n one day the Lord Treafurer
Cranfleld in great heat of paftion told him,
that he could prevail with the company if
he would, and they might then obtain all
that they defired,
Nicholas Ferrar then being called to the
upper end of the Council table, addrefTed
himfelf with all humility to the Lords, and
to Lord Cranfield in particular, Cf befeeching them in the moft earneft manner not
to entertain fo vain an imagination. T h a t
there were many members of the company
much better qualified than he was to fpeak
upon their affairs. Neverthelefs, that he
humbly entreated their Lordfhips to confider
ferioufly, whether, if fuch a number of the
Virginia Company as made a court, or
whether, if all thofe members who lived
in and near London, mould meet and
affemble together, whether even all thefe
could either in law or equity give up the
patent, without the previous confent of all
the reft of the members, to the number of
fome thoufands now difperfed all over
England. A n d thefe too not perfons of

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inferior rank, but perfons of the firft condition, of the nobility and gentry, of the
Bifhops and Clergy, of the chief citizens,
and of the principal companies and corporations throughout the whole kingdom.
Befides thefe, all the planters alfo in Virginia, who were all included in the grant,
and who all upon the encouragement, a n d
promifed protection of the King, under the
Great Seal of England, and the pledge of
his royal word and honour, adventured
their eftates, and many of them even their
lives in this the greatefl and molt honourable undertaking in which England had
ever been engaged. H e reprefented alfo
the great good which in numberlefs fources
of wealth and ftrength, would by means of
this corporation, and through the encouragement of their care, by the bleffing of G O D ,
fhortly accrue to this nation. A n d he again
and again mort earnestly befought their
Lordfhips to take all thefe things into their
mort ferious confideration ; and no longer
to urge them, not the twentieth part of the
perfons interested, to do an action which
was in itfelf both unjuft and unreafonable,
and indeed impoflible for them to do. F o r
how could they pretend to give away and

yield

Nicholas Ferrar.

81

yield up the rights and interefts of other
men, without the confent of the parties
interested firft obtained. A n d in the moft
folemn manner he adjured their Lordfhips
not to make them the instruments of doing
fo vile a thing, to which, if they confented,
they fhould render themfelves worthy of
the fevered punifhment.
Befides, he faid,
it is worthy your Lordihips' farther consideration, how far fuch a precedent may poffibly
operate, and how dangerous fuch an example
may be, if only a twentieth part of any
company fhould prefume, or fhould be
permitted to deliver u p the liberties and
privileges, the rights, and the property of
the other nineteen parts, and that without
fo much as once calling them together to
give their confent.
T h i s , he continued,
was what the company now afTembled, muft
refufe as a thing unjuft, and not feafible for
them to d o . "
T h e L o r d Treafurer upon his difcourfing
thus, being inflamed with violent paffion,
often interrupted him, and fo did fome
others. But the Marquis of Hamilton, the
Earl of Pembroke, and fome other Lords of
the council faid, N a y , my good Lords, forbear. Let him make an end. W e have
G
called

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of

called him hither to know what he can fay
on the company's behalf. Let us therefore
not interrupt him : it is but reafonable to
hear him out. M r . Deputy, go on.
M r . Ferrar, with the moft refpedtful h u mility then faid, cc Moft honourable Lords,
I was juft on the point of concluding. I
will add only this, that as for my own
private intereft, and the intereft of many
here prefent, and of many others who are
ab fen t, my Lords, we all moft humbly caft
ourfelves and our eftates at his Majefty's
royal feet: let him do with us and with
them, if fo he be determined, what feemeth
beft unto his good will and pleafure.
For
as to what is really our own, and in us to
give, we fubmit it all to his Majefty's.
difpofal ; and in all other things we fhall
endeavour to ferve and pleafe him in all
that with a confcience unhurt we may :
defiring only this, that with refpect to the
rights and property of others, we may be
permitted to execute the truft repofed in
us, with fidelity and honour, and to difcharge religioufly thofe duties, which, as
they are of the firft importance, ought to
have the firft influence upon the mind of
man."
Then

Nicholas Ferrar.

83

T h e n the Marquis of H a m i l t o n flood up,
and with a loud voice faid, M r . D e p u t y , in
m y opinion, my Lords, hath fpoken well,
excellently well both for himfelf, and for the
company. A n d what, my Lords, can we
now deiire more of him ? T h e Earl of
Pembroke feconded L o r d H a m i l t o n , and
faid, Surely, m y Lords, I hope the King (if
he fhall hear all) will be fatisfied with what
we have done, but particularly with what
we have now heard. L e t us fairly report
it to him, and then let his Majefty do what
he thinks moft proper. W e have fat a long
time upon this bufinefs, and at length we
may conjecture the refult.
* Gondomarwith his profligate inftruments,
the K i n g , and the Spanilh party at court,
perceiving that M r . Ferrar, (having demon-.
ftrated all their allegations to be falfe and
groundlefs) had rendered all their violence
ineffectual, now had recourfe to a different
mode of proceeding. T h e y fuborned, and
procured perfons to bring forward a crimination again!! him, who came and exhibited
in form a complaint to the Council board.
T h e fubftance of the accufation was this,
T h a t the deputy, during the times of his •
appearing before the council, had drawn
G 2
up

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of

u p and fent to the governor and plantation
of Virginia certain dangerous inftrucSHons,
and inflammatory letters of advice, directing them how they fhould conduct t h e m felves in {landing to their patent, and exhorting them t h a t they fhould never give
their confent to let it be delivered u p .
A n d therefore that if thefe letters and
instructions were not countermanded by
their Lordfhips, fome very ill confequence
might enfue, and the King might thereby
receive much dishonour.
A s foon as this pretended complaint was
lodged in form, inftantly, though it was
then very late at night, fome purfuevants,
who were k e p t in readinefs for that purpofe,
were defpatched in all hafte to M r s . Ferrar's
houfe to fpeak with the deputy, and to command him without any delay immediately to
deliver u p to them all thofe hooks of the
Virginia company wherein were regiftered
the copies of all fuch letters and inftructions as had been fent to the plantation
from the council or company here.
M r . Ferrar told them that the Secretary
of the Virginia company, and not he, had
the keeping of thofe books. T h e y then
required him to give them a note to the
Secre-

Nicholas Ferrar.

85

Secretary to deliver them. But he excufed
himfelf, faying, c< Surely your commhTion
will be a better authority for him to do fo,
than any note which I can fend him. F o r
my own part, if I had the company's evidences in my pofleflion, entrusted to my
cuftody, I certainly would not deliver them
up, unlefs I had their leave, and exprefs
order fo to d o . " W h e n he faid this they
left him, and went to the Secretary, and
forced him .to deliver 'up the books to
them.
T h e next day the deputy, and many lords
and gentlemen concerned in the company,
were fummoned to attend at the Council
table. For the accufers of the company
had given it out publicly, that now very
ftrange things indeed would be difcovered
in thefe books and inftruclions, and brought
forth to public view. O n this account there
was a very numerous attendance, and all the
Lords of the council alfo were particularly
fummoned to attend.
W h e n the council was met, the deputy
(as heretofore) was commanded to come to
the upper end of the table. T h e n the acxufers of the company defired of the Lords
that one of the clerks of the council might
read

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read fuch and fuch letters and inftructions
written in fuch and fuch months. Some of
which being read, the Lords of the council
looked upon one another with evident marks
of aftonifhment; obferving that there was
nothing of that dangerous confequence in
thofe papers, which the accufers had informed them they would difcover; b u t on
the contrary much matter of high commendation. Point out, faid one lord, where
is the fault or error in thefe letters and inftructions ; for m y own part I muft fay that
I cannot fee any.
T h e enemies of the company then prayed
their lordfhips to hear them all read o u t ;
and then they faid it would foon appear
where the faults lay. Yea, yea, faid the
L o r d Treafurer with vehemence, read on,
read on : we mail anon find them. So they
ftill perfifted to read. A n d in a word, fb
much patience had the lords, or rather fo
much pleafure, that many of them faid they
thought their time had been well fpent.
A l l thefe letters and inflruclions being in
the end thus read out, and nothing at all
appearing which was any ways difadvantageous to the company, but on the contrary
very much to their credit and honour : the
Mar-

Nicholas Ferrar.

87

Marquis of Hamilton flood u p , and faid,
T h a t there was one letter which he prayed
might be read over again, on which he mould
defire to make a few obfervations. W h i c h
being accordingly done, W e l l ! faid he, my
lords, we have fpent many hours here, in
hearing all thefe letters and inftructions, and
yet I could not help requesting to hear this
one letter over a g a i n ; becaufe I think that
all your lordfhips muft agree with me that
it is abfolutely a mafter piece. A n d indeed
they are all in high degree excellent. T r u l y ,
my lords, we have this day loft no time at
all. For I do afTure you that if our attendance here, were for many days, I for my
part would willingly fit them out to hear fo
pious, fo wife, and indeed politic inftructions as thefe are. T h e y are papers as
admirably well penned as any I ever heard.
A n d , I believe, if the truth were known,
your lordfhips are all of the fame opinion.
T h e Earl of Pembroke faid, There is not
one thing in them all, which, as far as I can
fee,deferves in the leafldegree to be excepted
againft. O n the contrary they all deferve
the higher!: commendation : containing advices far more excellent than I could have
expected to have met with in the letters of
a trad-

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a trading company. F o r they abound with
foundnefs of good matter, and profitable inftr'udfcion with refpecl: both to religion and
policy; and they pofTefs uncommon elegance
of language. M a n y other lords concurred
in thefe commendations, and at length one,
addrefTing himfelf to M r . Ferrar, faid, M r .
D e p u t y , I pray you tell us who penned thefe
letters and infractions, we have fome reafon
to think it was yourfelf.
M r . Ferrar, whofe modefty and humility
were not inferior to his other rare accomplifhments, replied, M y lord, thefe are the
letters and inffcruclions of the company, and
the council of the company. F o r in all
weighty affairs they order feveral committees to make each a rough draught of what
they j u d g e proper to be done in thefe matters : which rough draughts are afterward
all p u t together, and prefented firft to the
council, and then to the company to receive
all proper alteration, as they mall pleafe.
A n d thus every thing is drawn u p and concluded upon the opinion and advice of many.
After due commendation of his modefty as
well as his ability, it was replied to him,
M r . D e p u t y , T h a t thefe papers before us
are the production of one pen, is very
plainly

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plainly difcernible : they are jewels that all
come out of one rich cabinet, of which we
have undoubted reafon to believe that you
are the true pofTerTor.
T h e lords under the influence of Gondomar were now abafhed and filent; only
one of them faid to the accufers of the company, W h a t ftrange and unaccountable
meafures are thefe that you have taken ! to
have us called together, and to m a k e us fit
and hear all thefe things, which are entirely
oppofite to your own informations, and
which meet, as you find, with univerfal approbation. T o which one man of a bold
fpirit replied, W e mall frill in the end carry
our point. Thefe, my good lord, are not
the letters and inflruclions which we meant.
T h e company have others no doubt in private, which they fecrete, and which if they
could now be found, would quickly filence
them.
W e have lately heard of things
pafling in their courts which would furprife
you. O n which one of the council rofe and
faid, M y lords, fuch malevolence and injustice is unequalled: fuch proceedings are
not to be endured. But unprincipled malice
has a face too brazen to be afhamed of any
thing. T h e lords then rofe, and the adverfaries

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verfaries of the company were much confounded, having now with all honeft and
impartial men entirely loft all credit.
T h e very night after this meetings one
of the clerks of the Council came to L o r d
Southampton and told him that his deputy
had that day gained a moft complete victory,
and had extorted the higheft commendations even from the lords of the adverfe
party : and it was fuppofed that propofals
would be made to him to engage in the
King's immediate fervice. But for all that,
m y lord, faid he, depend upon it, fuch the
times are, your patent is irretrievably gone.
L o r d Southampton communicated this
information to the lords and gentlemen
interefted in the company, faying, Y o u all
well know that thofe things which our enemies thought would have been to their advantage and our damage, have hitherto all
turned out to our credit and to our honour,
neverthelefs all will not help us.
It is
determined that our patent fhall be taken
away, and the company difTolved.
The
K i n g , I find, has refolved to have the
management of the plantation in his own
hands, to direct, and govern as he fees beft.
A t h i n g indeed worthy at King's care : b u t ,
alas !

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91

alas ! alas ! this is all but a colourable fhow.
For you will find in the end that this worthy company will be broken, and come to
nothing. W e muft all arm ourfelves with
patience.
M r . Ferrar had now gained the higheft
reputation with all ranks of men for the
uncommon abilities which he difplayed on
every occaflon, and the efteem for his great
virtues was unbounded, but efpecially with
thofe who were interefted in the affairs of
the Virginia company. A t this time a citizen of the firft clafs both for riches and
reputation paid him a vifit, and after the
warmeft expreffions of the higheft opinion
of his extraordinary talents and integrity,
thus continued, M r . Ferrar, I have an only
daughter, who, if paternal affection doth
not too much influence my judgment, is
both wife and comely: indeed it is confeffed
by all that fhe is very beautiful : I know
her to have been virtuoufly educated, to be
well accomplished, and to be of an amiable
difpofition. If you will be pleafed to accept
of her as your wife, I will immediately give
you with her ten thoufand pounds. M r .
Ferrar was much furprifed, returned his
fincere thanks, but faid he was not worthy
of

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of

of fo great a treafure. T h e citizen however
perfifted, faid he was really in earner! to
bring about the connection : that at prefent
he only made his propofal with intent to
give him an opportunity to confider of it.
After a few days he came again, and afked
M r . Ferrar if he had advifed with his friends
concerning his propofal, faying, T h e y all
know me well. M r . Ferrar anfwered that
he had n o t ; for you, I perceive, Sir, are
greatly miftaken in me, firft in having too
high an opinion of my abilities, and next
with refpe<5t to my eftate, which you perhaps may conceive to be what it is not. I
think myfelf infinitely obliged to you for
your good will towards me, and for honouring me fo far as to think, what I cannot
think of myfelf, that I am any way worthy
of fo inefKmable a treafure as your d a u g h ter. M r . Ferrar, he replied, do not talk
thus to me : for I know you perfectly well;
and as for your eftate, I give myfelf no m a n ner of concern about it. W h a t fortune you
have I demand not to know. L e t it be
what it will; if you have nothing, I thank
G O D that I have enough to make you and
m y daughter happy as to all worldly matters. A n d as to my own part, I ihall think
myfelf

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93

myfelf the happiefl: man upon, earth to have
you my fon-in-law, and m y daughter muft
be equally happy to have fo accomplifhed,
and fo virtuous a man for her hufband.
By means of an intimate friend of the
father, an interview was brought about at
this friend's houfe between the young lady
and M r ; Ferrar, where in a felect company
they pafTed feveral hours together.
The
father then took a convenient opportunity to
afk his daughter what m e t h o u g h t of M r .
Ferrar, to which me anfwered, N o t h i n g but
good. Can you then like him for a hufband ? T o which with equal ingenuoufnefs
and modefty fhe replied, Sir, I mall with
pleafure do in this, as well as in all other
things, as you will pleafe to have me : my
duty and my inclination will go together.
M a t t e r s being fo far advanced, the father
faid to M r . Ferrar, N o w , Sir, you have feen
m y daughter, I hope her perfon and deportm e n t are fuch as fo merit your approbation.
As to your own eftate, nothing is defired to
be known.
Be that as it m a y ; I have
enough ; I like you, and my daughter fubmits herfelf to m y choice. N o w let me
have your anfwer.
M r . Ferrar replied,
T h e y o u n g lady your daughter, Sir, is in
every

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every refpect not only unexceptionable/but
highly to be admired : fhe is beautiful and
accomplifhed, and amiable to the greatefl:
degree, and far fuperior to all that I can
merit: indeed I do not, I cannot deferve this
great happinefs. I return you m y fincereft
thanks for your unequalled, goodnefs to
me ; and in the confidence of friendfhip I
will now acquaint you with the private and
fixed determination of my mind. If G O D
will give me grace to keep a refolution long
fince formed, I have determined to lead a
fingle life ; and after having difcharged,
to the befl of my ability, m y duty to the
company, and to my family as to worldly
concerns, I ferioufly purpofe to devote
myfelf to G O D , and to go into a religious
retirement. T h u s ended this affair, and
the father ever after preferved the moft
affectionate friendfhip for M r . Ferrar.
M r . Ferrar's efforts, however, on behalf
of the company were all i n vain. F o r he,
as deputy, and thirty more of the directors
and principal perfons of the Virginia company were ferved with a writ of Quo
Warranto, and commanded to fhow by what
authority they pretended to exercife a
power over the plantation, and fend a
governor

Nicholas Ferrar.

95

governor thither : and by this procefs the
company were now obliged to go to law to
defend their rights. T h e cafe was given
againft them, the fentence being, cc T h a t
the patent or charter of the company of
Englifh merchants trading to Virginia,
and pretending to exercife a power and
authority over his Majefty's good fubjects there, ihould be thenceforth null and
void."
T h e great reputation of M r . Ferrar being
now fpread over all parts of the country by
the members of the late diffolved Virginia
company, he was in 1624 elected a Member
of Parliament. A s this in a general confideration was highly proper on account
of his extenfive abilities, and known integrity ; fo was there a peculiar propriety in
his election at this t i m e ; as there was an
intention now to call to account before the
Houfe of Parliament, thofe perfons who
had abufed the King's ear, and had been
guilty of thofe violent enormities in the
falfe accufation of the managers of the
Virginia company. F o r it was well known
that M r . Ferrar was not only more accurately
acquainted with all the circumftances of that
affair than any other perfon, but had alfo
abilities

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abilities and firmnefs fufficient to carry on
the profecution in a proper manner.
T h e Prince being now returned from
Spain in great difcontent, the Spanifh party
at court began in fome degree to lofe their
influence.
T h e Parliament met.
Mr.
Ferrar was appointed one of feveral committees.
Sir E d w y n Sandys, and many
other members of the late Virginia company were alfo in this parliament.
A
charge was brought in againft the L o r d
Treafurer, the Earl of Middlefex, for
taking bribes, and divers other exorbit a n c e s committed in the execution of his
office ; and alfo for his conduct in the
Virginia affair, and his violence in taking
away the patent, and difTolving the company.
O n this occafion the Houfe appointed
the L o r d W i l l i a m Cavendifh, Sir E d w y n
Sandys, and Nicholas Ferrar to draw u p
the charge againffc him and thofe others,
who had been his inftruments in that fcandalous proceeding. T h e charge was foon
drawn u p , as M r . Ferrar had all the neceffary materials ready in his hands.
The
accufation was opened by him in a fpeech
which laffced two hours, and which gained
him univerfal admiration.
F o r now he
was

.

.

Nicholas Ferrar.

97

was fully and publicly fccn in this exertion
of his great abilities. T h e L o r d Treafurer
was deprived of his office, and punifhed
by a large fine and imprifonment.
T h e iniquity of the Virginia bufinefs being fully proved, and laid before the public,
by M r . Ferrar, and the other managers, the
houfe refolved to take the whole affair into
their ferious confederation, and endeavour to
reftore the company. But before they could
make any progrefs they received a meffage
from the K i n g , ff T h a t he both already had,
and would alfo hereafter take the affair
of the faid late Virginia company into his
own moft ferious confederation and c a r e ;
and that by the next Parliament they mould
all fee he would make it one of his mafter
pieces, as it well deferved to b e . " A n d
thus was all farther proceeding in that
matter difhonourably flayed.
M r . Ferrar having {QCTL the diffolution of
the Virginia company, and no hope left of
its revival, took his leave of the Virginia
affairs by now paying the £300 left by his
father for the purpofe of erecting a College
there, to the governor and company of the
Somers Iflands : binding them in articles to
fend for three Virginia children, and bring
H
them

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them u p in thofe iflands; < and when of fit
age to p u t them o u t to fome proper buflnefs;
or elfe educate them in learning and then
fend them back to the place of their birth,
to convert their countrymen: and t h a t when
the firft three were thus difpofed of, three
other m o u l d from time to time be fent
for in fucceffion for the fame benevolent
purpofe.
A n d thus ended M r . Ferrar's public life,
in which he difplayed many proofs of great
and extenflve abilities, and of uncommon
virtue, particularly of indefatigable diligence, induftry, and adHvity, by which he
gained univerfal admiration, and performed
many important fervices, both to the Virginia company, and all others with w h o m
he was concerned.
T h e K i n g having feized the patent and
difTolved the Virginia company, and M r ,
Ferrar having feen the attefled copies of all
the books and papers belonging to them
delivered into fafe cuftody in the Dorfet
family, he was now difengaged from public
cares, and determined to carry into execution the plan he had long fet his heart
upon, to bid farewell to the bufy world,
and fpend the remainder of his days in
religious

Nicholas Ferrar.
religious retirement, and a Ariel: courfe of
devotion.
Yet before he could complete his pious
purpofe it was neceflary for him finally to
fettle fome matters of great confequence,
though of a private nature., which had been
entrusted to his care. H i s eflablifhed reputation for inflexible integrity had influenced feveral perfons to prevail with him to
undertake the executorship of their wills,
and the fettlement of their worldly affairs :
and in fome of thefe inflances this trufc
concerned property of great value, and was
involved in circumftances of great difficulty.
Befldes thefe occupations relative to the property of others, the fltuation of his brother
required his immediate and clofe attention.
M r . J o h n Ferrar had been for three years
deputy governor of the Virginia company,
and in order to give himfelf u p wholly to
the difcharge of that important truft, he
had p u t into the hands of his partners in
mercantile bufinefs feven thoufand pounds,
and afligned the management of thofe affairs
over to them. H e alfo advanced fix thoufand pounds more to them, for which he
was engaged by a perfonal fecurity. "Whether it were by mismanagement or misforH i
tune

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tune does not at prefent appear, but about
this time the concerns of this partnerfhip
were fallen into the greater!: confufion, and
involved in the utmoft embarrarTment. M r .
N . Ferrar neverthelefs by his great fagacity,
and indefatigable industry, in a fhorter time
than could be believed, extricated his brother from all his difficulties, and fettled his
affairs in the m o d honourable manner at
the lofs of about three thoufand pounds.
H i s next care was to provide a place Rtted
for the purpoie and corresponding with his
ideas of religious retirement. H i s mother
had indeed a very large houfe in London,
in which had been holden the meetings of
the Virginia company : fhe had alfo a considerable eftate, and a large houfe in the
town of Hertford.
But neither of thefe
places had his approbation, both being too
much in view of the public.
A t length he was informed that the L o r d ihip of Little Gidding in the county of
H u n t i n g d o n was to be fold. H e immediately went thither to examine the place and
premifes, which he found with refpect to
privacy of ntuation exactly fuited to his
winies. It was a parifh that had been for
fome time depopulated. N o t h i n g was left
but

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101

b u t one extremely, large manfion houfe,
going haftily to decay, and a fmall church
within thirty or forty paces of the houfe,
and at that time converted into a barn.
U p o n his return to London he purchafed
the whole lordfhip, and this purchafe was
made in the year 1624.
But now the plague having been fome
time in London, was in the year 1625 fpread
over moft parts of the town, and was difcoyered to be at the very next door to M r s .
Ferrar's houfe. M r . N . Ferrar was therefore very urgent that m e and the family
would immediately depart into the country:
b u t while fhe lingered, being unwilling to
leave him behind, he procured a coach and
at length prevailed : and that very night,
Whitfun-eve, fhe with her fon J o h n , and
the reft of the family went to her houfe at
Hertford, and the following week to her
daughter Collet's, at Bourne Bridge in
Cambridgeshire.
M r . N . Ferrar would have attended his
mother, hut that he had not completely fettled his brother's affairs. During this bufinefs, M r . J . Ferrar, leaving his mother at
Bourne, went to Gidding to make fome'
necefTary preparation there for the reception
of

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T h e Life of

of the family, who were now become very
unhappy at the ftay of M r . N . Ferrar in
L o n d o n , as they had been informed that the
diforder was fatal every week to more than
four thoufand perfons. A s foon as he had
flnifhed the bufinefs which required his flay,
he, with great joy and gratitude to G O D ,
repaired to Gidding : from whence he wrote
to his mother entreating her not to come
to him in lefs than a m o n t h , that it might
appear whether he had brought away any
infection with him. But her impatience to
fee him was fo great, that three days after
fhe rode thither, and their meeting was fuch
as might, at that time, be expected between
a pious parent and a dutiful fon, to the
higher! degree mutually affectionate. In its
circumstances indeed very different from the
modern meetings of parent and fon; for he,
though twenty-feven years of age, who had
been engaged in many public concerns of
great importance, had been a diftinguiihed
Member of Parliament, and had conducted
with effect the profecution of the prime
minifter of the day, at firiFt approaching his
mother, knelt upon the ground to ask, and
receive her blemng. Modern cuftoms indicate a great change of manners with refpect
to

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103

to the reverence then thought due to parents. H e then befought her to go into the
houfe, rude as it was, and repofe herfelf.
T h i s fhe refufed till fhe had given thanks to
G O D in the church, which was very near at
hand. But fhe was exceedingly grieved to
find it filled with hay, and inftruments of
hufbandry. Immediately all the workmen,
many in number, employed in the repair of
the houfe, were fet to cleanfe and repair
the c h u r c h : for fhe faid, fhe would not
fufFer her eyes to fleep, nor her eyelids to
{lumber, till fhe had purified the temple of
the L O R D , and made it a habitation fit for
the living G O D . In about a month's time,
finding that all danger of infection was
over, fhe fent for her beloved daughter
Collet, and her hufband, and all their numerous family to come and live with her
at Gidding.
M r s . Ferrar was now feventy-three years
of age, yet was fhe pofTefTed of fo much
vigour, and had fo much of the appearance
as well as the reality of health, that all who
faw her concluded her to be not more than
forty. H e r family now confifted of near
forty perfons ; and it being a feafon of deep
humiliation on account of the mortality
then

The Life of
then become general all over the k i n g d o m ,
it was determined to addrefs themfelves to
G O D , as often as they conveniently could,
according to the doctrine and difcipline of
the Church of E n g l a n d .
T o this end,
M r . N . Ferrar obtained permifTion of his
old acquaintance Bifhop Williams to have
the fervice performed in the church, which
was now p u t into decent r e p a i r ; and he
procured the Minifter of the adjoining
parifh to fay the M o r n i n g Service every
day at eight o'clock, the Litany at ten, and
the E v e n i n g Service at four.
O n the
Sunday morning the whole family went to
Steeple Gidding, and in the afternoon, the
Minifter of that parifh, and his parifhioners,
came to the church newly repaired by
M r s . Ferrar.
A t Eafter, 1626, the plague being then
ceafed, M r . N . Ferrar and his mother, and
fome other of the family went to L o n d o n ,
to difpofe of their great houfe there, to fettle their remaining affairs, and to take a
final leave of all their friends. W h e n they
had been fome little time in L o n d o n , he refolved, in order the better to carry on his
religious plan by his own perfonal affiftance, to become a Deacon. T h i s refolution
he

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105

he communicated to none but his honoured
tutor, D r . Lindfel, who highly applauded
it, and introduced him to D r . L a u d , the
future Archbifhop of Canterbury, then
Bifhop of S. David's, by whom he was
ordained Deacon on the T r i n i t y Sunday
following.
O n his return home he addrefTed himfelf
to his mother, and mowed her in a writing
figned, a vow which he had made with great
folemnity; T h a t fince G O D had fo often
heard his moft humble petitions, and delivered him out of many dangers ; and in
many defperate calamities had extended H i s
mercy to h i m ; he would therefore now give
himfelf u p continually to ferve G O D to the
utmoft of his power, in the office of a Deacon : into which office he had that very
morning been regularly ordained. T h a t he
had long ago {&cn enough of the manners,
and of the vanities of the w o r l d ; and that
he did hold them all in fo low effceem, that
he was refolved to fpend the remainder of his
life in mortifications, in devotion, and charity,
and in a conftant preparation for death.
T h e r e is reafon to believe that even in
his infancy, and before he fet out upon his
travels, and after his great efcape upon the
Alps,

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A l p s , he did privately, and folemnly devote
himfelf to G O D ; and that after his unexpected recovery from his dangerous illnefs
both at Padua, and Marfeilles, he repeated
thefe pious refolutions, adding alfo a vow
of perpetual celibacy.
T h e news of M r . Ferrar being ordained
was foon fpread abroad both in the city and
at court ; as in both he was univerfally
known and very highly efteemed. H i s constant friends the Marquis of H a m i l t o n ,
L o r d P e m b r o k e , and Sir E d w y n Sandys
took this opportunity of faying to him,
T h a t though he had formerly refufed all
temporal emoluments, yet now he had taken
Orders, they muft fuppofe that he had not
any objection to fpiritual preferment, and
immediately made him an offer of fome
ecclefiaftical benefices of great value. Thefe
he refufed with fteadinefs and humility,
faying that he did not think himfelf worthy.
H e added alfo that his fixed determination
was to rife no higher in the Church, than
the place and office which he now pofTefTed,
and which he had undertaken only with the
view to be legally authorifed to give fpiritual afliftance, according to his abilities, to
his family or others, with whom he might

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107

be concerned. T h a t as to temporal affairs,
he had now parted with all his worldly
eftate, and divided it amongfr. his family.
T h a t he earneftly befought his honoured
friends to accept his fincere thanks for
their good opinion of him, for whofe profperity both in this world and a better he
would never ceafe to pray.
A n d now
having rimmed all buiinefs in London, and
taken a folemn and final leave of all their
friends, he and his mother returned to
Gidding.
It now comes in courfe to fpeak of the
eftablifried economy both of the houfe and
the church; and it is hoped that the reader
will here excufe a circumflantial relation: becaufe on thefe very circumstances, mifapprehended, and mifreprefented, were founded
all the calumnies and perfecution which the
family afterward Suffered.
M a n y workmen having been employed
near two years, both the houfe and church
were in tolerable repair, yet with refpect to
the church M r s . Ferrar was not well fatiffied. She therefore new floored and wainfcoted it throughout.
She provided alfo
two new fuits of furniture for the reading
defk, pulpit, and Communion Table : one
for

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for week days, the other for Sundays and
other FefHvals. T h e furniture for week
days was of green cloth, with fuitable
cufhions and carpets.
T h a t for feftivals
was of rich blue cloth, with cufhions of the
fame, decorated with lace, and fringe of
filver. T h e pulpit was fixed on the north,
and the reading defk over againft it, on the
fouth fide of the church, and both on the
fame level: it being thought improper that
a higher place mould be appointed for
preaching, than that which was allotted for
prayer. A new font was alfo provided, the
leg, laver, and cover all of brafs, handfomely
and expenfively wrought and carved; with
a large brafs lectern, or pillar and eagle of
brafs for the Bible. T h e font was placed
by the pulpit, and the lectern by the reading defk.
T h e half-pace, or elevated floor on which
the Communion T a b l e flood at the end of
the Chancel, with the flails on each fide,
was covered with blue taffety, and cufhions
of the finefl tapeftry and blue filk.
The
fpace behind the Communion T a b l e , under
the eafl window, was elegantly wainfcoted,
and adorned with the T e n Commandments,
the L O R D ' S Prayer, and the Apoftles' Creed,
engraved

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109

engraved on four beautiful tablets of brafs,
gilt.
T h e Communion Table itfelf was furnifhed with a filver paten, a filver chalice,
and filver candlesticks, with large wax candles in them. M a n y other candles of the
fame fort were fet up in every part of the
church, and on all the pillars of the flails.
M r s . Ferrar alfo taking great delight in
Church mufic, built a gallery at the bottom
of the church for the organ.* T h u s was
the church decently furnifhed, and ever
after kept elegantly neat and clean.
All matters preparatory to order and
difcipline being arranged and fettled, about
the year 1 6 3 1 , D r . Williams, the Bifhop
of Lincoln, came privately to Gidding, to
pay a vifit to his old friend M r . N . Ferrar,
with whom he had contracted a friendship
at the Virginia board, and for whom he
ever held the higheft and moft affectionate
efteem.
By this vifit he had an opportunity to
view the church, and the houfe, and to examine into their way of ferving G O D , which
*' Thefe arrangements are not to be commended for
correftnefs or tafte, but only as adts of devotion and
care of the Houfe of G O D .

had

no

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had been much fpoken againfl; to know
alfo the foundnefs of the doctrine they
maintained; to read the rules which M r .
N . Ferrar had drawn u p for watching, failing, and praying, for finging pfalms and
hymns, for their exercifes in readings, and
repetitions ; for their diftribution of alms,
their care of the fick, and wounded; and
all other regularities of their inflitution.
All which the Bifhop highly approved, and
bade them in GOD'S name to proceed.
In 1633 M r s . Ferrar came to a refolution
to refbore the glebe lands and tithes to the
Church, which fome fourfcore years before
had been taken away, and in lieu thereof
only ^ 2 o a year paid to the Minifler. She
had from the firft been fo refolved, but had
been p u t off by unexpected delays. She
found great difficulty in making out the
glebe lands : but at length by the induftry
of M r . N . Ferrar ihe overcame it. She
then fent her fons J o h n and Nicholas with
a letter to the Bifhop informing him of her
determination, and defiring it might be
confirmed by his authority. This authority
from the Bifhop was farther
ftrengthened
by a decree in chancery under L o r d
Coventry.

In

Nicholas Ferrar.

111

In the fpring of 1634, the Bifhop gave
notice, that he would again pay a vifit to
the family and give them a fermon.
And
application was made to D r . Towers, Dean
of Peterborough, who fent his whole choir
to Gidding on the occafion. Divine fervice
was performed throughout in the cathedral manner with great folemnity.
The
Bifhop preached a fermon adapted to the
occafion, and in the afternoon gave Confirmation to all of the neighbourhood who
defired it.
Every thing relative to the church being
now completely fettled, M r . Ferrar next
turned his attention to the difpofition of the
manflon. T h e houfe being very large, and
containing many apartments, he allotted one
great room for their family devotions, which
he called the Oratory, and adjoining to this,
two other convenient rooms, one a night
Oratory for the men, the other a night
Oratory for the women : he alfo fet out a
feparate chamber and clofet for each of his
nephews and nieces: three more he referved
for the fchoolmafters ; and his own lodgings
• were fo contrived that he could conveniently
fee that every thing was conducted with deJcency and order : without doors he laid put

HI

The Life of

the gardens in a beautiful manner, and
formed in them many fair walks.
Another circumftance that engaged his
attention was, that the parifh had for many
years been turned into pafture grounds ;
that as there was a very large dovecote, and a
great number of pigeons upon the premifes,
thefe pigeons muft confequently feed upon
his neighbours' corn ; and this he thought
injuftice. H e therefore converted this building into a fchoolhoufe, which being larger
than was wanted for the young people of
the family, permiflion was given to as many
of the neighbouring towns as defired it, to
fend their children thither, where they were
inftructed without expenfe, in reading, writing, arithmetic, and the Principles of the
Chriftian Religion.
F o r this and other purpofes he provided
three mailers to be conftantly refident in the
houfe with h i m .
T h e firft was to teach
Englifh to flrangers, and Englifh and Latin
to the children of the family : the fecond
good writing in all its hands, and arithmetic in all its branches : the third, to inftruct
them in the theory and practice of m u fic, in ringing, and performing upon the
organ, viol, and lute : on the laft inft.rument

Nicholas Ferrar.

113

ment his fitter Collet was a diftinguifhed
performer.
For all thefe things the children had their
dated times and hours. So that though
they were always in action, and always
learning fomething, yet the great variety of
things they were taught prevented all wearinefs, and made every thing be received with
pleafure. A n d he was ufed to fay that he
who could attain to the well-timing things,
had gained an important point, and found
the fureft way to accomplifh great designs
with eafe.
O n Thurfdays and Saturdays, in the
afternoons, the youths were permitted to
recreate themfelves with bows and arrows,
with running, leaping, and vaulting, and
what other manly exercifes they themfelves
liked beft. W i t h refpect to the younger
part of the females, the general mode of
education was fimilar to that of the boys,
except where the difference of fex made a
different employment or recreation proper.
W h e n the powders of reafon and j u d g m e n t
became in fome degree matured, they were
all at proper times taken under the immediate inflrucliion of M r . Ferrar himfelf, who
beftowed feveral hours every day in that
1
impor-

ii4

T h e Life of

important employment. According to the
capacity of each he gave them pafTages of
fcripture to get by heart, and particularly
the whole book of Pfalms.
H e felected
proper portions, of which he gave a clear
explanation, and a judicious comment. B u t
above all things he was anxioufly attentive
t o daily catechetical lectures, according to
the doctrine of the Church of E n g l a n d .
A n d in order to make his pious labours extenfively beneficial, he invited the children of
all the furrounding parifhes, to get the book
of Pfalms by heart. T o encourage them to
this performance, each was prefented with a
Pfalter : all were to repair to Gidding every
Sunday m o r n i n g , and each was to repeat
his Pfalm, till they could all repeat the
whole book. Thefe Pfalm-children, as they
were called, more than a hundred in n u m ber, received every Sunday, according to the
proficiency of each, a fmall pecuniary reward and a dinner, which was conducted
with great regularity. F o r when they returned from church, long treffcles were placed
in the middle of the great hall, round which
the children ftood in great order.
Mrs.
Ferrar and her family then came in to fee
them ferved.
T h e fervants b r o u g h t in
baked

Nicholas Ferrar.

115

baked puddings and m e a t : which was the
only repaft provided on Sundays for the
whole family, that all might have an op^portunity of attending divine fervice at
church. She then fet on the fir ft dim herfelf, to give an example of humility.
Grace was faid, and then the bell rang for
the family, who thereupon repaired to the
great dining room, and flood in order round
the table. Whilft the dinner was ferving,
they fang a hymn to the organ : then grace
was faid by the minifter of the parifh, and
they fat down, D u r i n g dinner one of the
younger people whofe turn it was, read a
chapter in the Bible, and when that was
finifhed, another recited fome chofen ftory
out of the book of M a r t y r s , or M r . Ferrar's fhort hiftories. W h e n the dinner was
finifhed throughout the family, at two
o'clock the bell fummoned them to church to
evening fervice, whither they went in a regular form of proceflion, M r . N . Ferrar fometimes leading his mother, fometimes going
laft in the t r a i n : and having all returned
from church in the fame form, thus ended
the public employment of every Sunday.
Immediately after church the family all
went into the Oratory, where felect por1 2
tions

n6

The Life of

tions of the Pfalms were repeated, and then
all were at liberty till five o'clock: at
which hour in fummer, and fix in winter,
the bell called them to fupper : where all
the ceremonial was repeated exactly the
fame as at dinner. After fupper they were
again at liberty till eight, when the bell
fummoned them all into the Oratory, where
they fang a hymn to the organ, and went
to Prayers ; when the children afked bleffing of their parents, and then all the family
retired to their refpedtive apartments; and
thus ended the private observation of the
LORD'S

Day.

O n the firft Sunday of every month they
always had H o l y Communion, which was *
adminiftered by the clergyman of the adjoining parifh; M r . N . Ferrar afTifting as
deacon. All the fervants who then received the Communion, when dinner was
brought u p , remained in the room, and on
that day dined at the fame table with M r s .
Ferrar, and the reft of the family.
W h e n their early devotions in the Oratory were fmifhed they proceeded to church
in the following order,
Firft, the three fchoolmafters, in black
gowns, and M o n m o u t h caps.
Then,

Nicholas Ferrar.

117

T h e n , M r s . Ferrar's grandfons, clad in
the fame manner, two and two.
T h e n , her fon M r , J . Ferrar, and her fon
in law M r . Collet, in the fame drefs.
T h e n , M r . N . Ferrar, infurplice, hood, and
fquare cap, fometimes leading his mother.
T h e n , M r s . Collet, and all her daughters,
two and two.
T h e n , all the fervants, two and two.
T h e drefs of all was uniform.
T h e n , on Sundays, all the Pfalm-children, two and two.
A s they came into the church, every perfon made a low obeifance, and all took their
appointed places. T h e matters, and gentlemen in the chancel: the youths knelt on
the upper ftep of the half-pace : M r s . Ferrar, her daughters and all her grand-daughters in a fair ifland feat.* M r . N . Ferrar
at coming in made a low obeifance; a few
paces farther, a lower ; and at the half-pace,
a lower ftill: then went into the reading
defk, and faid matins according to the
* I t is almoft needlefs to remark that this fpecimen
of internal arrangement is an incorrect one.
The
Chancel is not intended for any that do not take an
ofEcial part in the Service, i.e. only for the Clergy
and Choir.

Book

n8

The Life of

Book of Common Prayer.
T h i s fervice
over, they returned in the fame order, and
with the fame folemnity. T h i s Ceremonial
was regularly obferved every Sunday, and
that on every common day was nearly the
fame. T h e y rofe at four ; at five went to
the Oratory to p r a y e r s ; at fix, faid the
Pfalms of the hour ; for every hour had
its appointed Pfalms, with fome portion of
the Gofpel, till M r . Ferrar had finifhed his
concordance, when a chapter of that work
was fubftituted in place of the portion of
the Gofpel. T h e n they fang a fhort h y m n ,
repeated fome pafTages of Scripture, and at
half-pan: fix went t o Church to M a t i n s .
A t {even faid the Pfalms of the hour, fang
the fhort hymn, and went to breakfafr..
T h e n the young people repaired to their
refpe6t.ive places of inftruclion. A t ten, to
Church to the Litany. A t eleven to dinner. A t which feafon were regular readings
in rotation, from the Scripture, and from
the b o o k of M a r t y r s , and from fhort hiftories drawn u p by M r . Ferrar, and adapted
to the purpofe of moral inftruction.
Recreation was permitted till one ; inftruction
was continued till three. Church at four,
for evenfong ; fupper at five, or fometimes
fix.

Nicholas Ferrar.

119

fix. Diverfions till eight. T h e n Prayers
in the Oratory : and afterwards all retired
to their refpective apartments. T o preferve regularity in point of time, M r . Ferrar invented dials in painted glafs in every
r o o m : he had alfo fundials, elegantly
painted with proper mottos, on every fide
of the Church : and he provided an excellent clock to a fonorous bell.
T h e ihort hiftories alluded to above were
probably compofed on the occafion, and to
fuit fome prefent purpofe.
Thofe which
are ftill remaining in my pofTefTion are p u t
together without any regularity of feries,
or any dependence of one upon another,
and are as in the catalogue annexed.
LIVES.
The Life of Monica.
Of Abraham.
Of Eliezer.
Of the Lady Paula.
Of Hyldegardis.
Of Paracelfus.
Of .Dr. Whitaker.
Of Scaliger.
Of Mr. Perkins.
Of Dr. Metcalf.
Of Sir Francis Drake.
Of Mr. Cambden.

The Life of Haman.
Of Wolfey.
Of Brandon Duke of Suffolk.
Of Lord Burleigh.
Of Sir J. Markham.
Of S. Auguftin.
OfBilhop Ridley.
Of Lady Jane Grey.
Of Queen Elizabeth.
Of Guftavus Adolphus.
Of the Black Prince.
The

i2o

T h e Life of

The Life of Joan Queen
of Naples.
Of the Witch of Endor.
Of Joan of Arc.
Of Caefar Borgia.

The Life of Jehu.
Of Andronicus
Cornmenus.
Of the Duke of Alva.

CHARACTERS.
The good Wife.
The good Hufband.
The good Parent.
The good Child.
The good Mafter.
The good Servant
The good Widow.
The conflant Virgin.
The elder Brother.
The younger Brother.
The good Advocate.
The good Phyfician.
The controverfial Divines.
The true Church antiquary.
The general Artift.
The faithful Minifter.
The good Parifhioner.
The good Patron.
The good Landlord.
The good Mafter of a
College.
The good Schoolmafter.
The good Merchant.
The good Yeoman.
The Handicrafts Man.
The good Soldier.

The good Sea-captain.
The good Herald.
The true Gentleman.
The Favourite.
The wife Statefman.
The good Judge.
The good Bifhop.
The true Nobleman.
The Court Lady.
The EmbafTador.
The good General.
The heir Apparent to the
Crown.
The King.
The Harlot.
The Witch.
The Atheift.
The Hypocrite.
The Heretic.
The rigid Donatift.
The Liar.
The common Barrator.
The degenerous Gentleman.
The Pazzians'Confpiracy.
The Tyrant.
GENE-

Nicholas Ferrar.
GENERAL

RULES,

OR

121

ESSAYS.

CHAP.

CHAP.

I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

15. O f Deformities.
16. O f Plantations.
17. O f Contentment,
18. O f Books.
19. Of Time-ferving.
20. O f Moderation.
2 1 . O f Gravity.
2 2 . O f Marriage.
2 3 . O f Fame.
24. O f the Antiquity of
Churches, and the neceflity of them.
2 5 . O f Minifters' maintenance.

O f Hofpitality.
O f Jelling.
O f Self-praifing.
O f Travelling.
O f Company.
O f Apparel.
O f Building.
O f Anger.
O f expedling Preferment.
10. O f M e m o r y .
II. OfFaney.
12. O f Natural Fools.
13. O f Recreations.
14. Of T o m b s .

Thefe Lives, Characters, and moral EfTays
would, I think, fill two or three volumes in
octavo, but they are written in fo minute a
character that I cannot form any conjecture
to be depended upon.
T h e y are but a
fmall part of the M S . works which M r .
Ferrar left behind him, which, as appears
from fome papers ftill exifting, amounted
to five volumes in folio. H e was of opinion that inftruction merely by precept might
fometimes become dry and wearifome, and
therefore was defirous to enliven his lectures by fomething that might give pleafure
to

lid

T h e Life of

to the fancy at the fame time t h a t it conveyed wifdom to the heart. But he had
great objection to plays, novels, and r o mances, and to poems, that were then, and
indeed have ever fince been in great efteem.
H e thought that in many inftances they
did not tend to the important point which
he had in view. But he reflected alfo that
our SAVIOUR Himfelf frequently delivered
H i s difcourfes in parables; and therefore
that fable, to a certain degree, might be
admitted in moral inftruction. W i t h this
view he compofed thofe ftories, and efTays,
which were intended to enliven their readings, and converfations. Beiide thefe, he
drew u p regular difcourfes upon all the
Fafts, and Feafts of the Church, and thefe
alfo in their order made part of the readings. E v e r y one of the y o u n g people,
from the eldeft to the youngeft, male and
female, was exercifed every day in thefe
public readings, and repetitions : by which
the memory was wonderfully ftrengthened,
and they all attained great excellence in
fpeaking with propriety and grace.
But now four of M r . Collet's eldeft
daughters being grown u p to woman's eftate, to perfect them in the practice of good
houfe-

Nicholas Ferrar.

123

houfewifery, M r . Ferrar appointed them in
rotation to take the whole charge of the
domertic economy. Each had this care for
a month, when her accounts were regularly
parTed, allowed, and delivered over to the
next in fucceflion. T h e r e was alfo the fame
care and regularity required with refpedb to
the Surgeon's cheft; and the due provifion
of medicines and all things necefTary for
thofe who were fick, or h u r t by any misfortune. A convenient apartment was p r o vided for thofe of the family who chanced
to be indifpofed, called the Infirmary, where
they might be attended, and properly taken
care of, without disturbance from any part
of the numerous family. A large room
was alfo fet apart for the reception of the
medicines, and of thofe who were b r o u g h t
in fick, or hurt, and wanted immediate
amftance. T h e young ladies were required
to drefs the wounds of thofe who were hurt,
in order to give them readinefs and fkill in
this employment, and to habituate them to
the virtues of humility, and tendernefs of
heart. T h e office relative to pharmacy,
the weekly infpe6lion, the prefcription, and
administration of medicines, M r . Ferrar referved to himfelf, being an excellent phyfician;

T h e Life of
cian : as he had for many years attentively
ftudied the theory, and practice of medicine,
both when Phyfic Fellow at Clare H a l l ,
and under the celebrated profefTors at P a d u a .
In this way was a considerable p a r t of their
income difpofed of, and thus did M r . F e r - J
rar form his nieces to be wife and ufeful,
virtuous, and valuable women.
In order to give fome variety to this
fyftem of education, he formed the family
into a fort of collegiate institution, of which
one was considered as the founder, another
guardian, a third as moderator, and himfelf
as vifitor of this little academy.
The
{even virgin daughters formed the junior
part of this Society, were called the Sifters,
and affumed the names of ift. T h e Chief.
2d. T h e Patient. 3d. T h e Cheerful. 4 t h .
T h e Affectionate.
5th. T h e Submifs.
6th. T h e Obedient. 7th. T h e Moderate.
Thefe all had their refpective characters to
fuftain, and exercifes to perform fuited to
thofe .characters.
F o r the Chriftmas feafon of the year
1 6 3 1 , he compofed twelve excellent difcourfes, five fuited to the Feftivals within
the twelve days, and feven to the affumed
name and character of the Sifters.
Thefe
were

Nicholas Ferrar.

12 5

were enlivened by hymns and odes compofed by M r . Ferrar, and fet to mufic by
the mufic mafter of the family, who accompanied the voices with the viol, or the lute.
T h a t exercife which was to be performed
by the Patient, is alone to be excepted.
T h e r e was not any poetry, or mufic at the
opening of this as of all the reft: the difcourfe itfelf was of a very ferious turn, it
was much longer than any other, and had
not any hiftorical anecdote, or fable interwoven into the body of it. T h e contrivance here was to exercife that virtue which
it was intended to teach.
Amongft other articles of inftruction and
amufement M r . Ferrar entertained an ingenious bookbinder who taught the family,
females as well as males, the whole art and
fkill of bookbinding, gilding, lettering, and
what they called parKng-printing, by the
ufe of the rolling-prefs. By this amftance
he compofed a full harmony, or concordance
of the four Evangelifts, adorned with many
beautiful pictures, which required more
than a year for the compofition, and was
divided into 150 heads or chapters. F o r
this purpofe he fet apart a handfome room
near the Oratory. H e r e he had a large
table,

i26

T h e

Life

of

table, two printed copies of the Evangelifls,
of the fame edition, and great flore of the
beft and ftrongeft white paper. H e r e he
fpent more than an hour every day in the
contrivance of this book, and in directing
his nieces, who attended him for that p u r pofe, how they fhould cut out fuch and fuch
particular paflages out of the two printed
copies of any part of each Evangelift, and
then lay them together fo as to perfect
fuch a head or chapter as he h a d designed.
T h i s they did firft roughly, and then with
nice knives, and fcifibrs fo neatly fitted each
paffage to the next belonging to it, and afterwards parted them fo even and fmoothly
together, upon large meets of the befl white
paper, by the help of the rolling-prefs, that
many curious perfons who faw the work
when it was done, were deceived, and
thought that it had been printed in the
ordinary way. T h i s was the mechanical
method which he followed in compiling his
H a r m o n y . T h e title of his book was as
follows.
ff
T h e actions, doctrines, and other paffages touching our BlefTed L O R D and S A VIOUR JESUS C H R I S T , as they are related in

the four Evangelifls, reduced

into one
complete

Nicholas Ferrar.

127

complete body of hiftory: wherein that
which is feverally related by them is digefted into order ; and that which is jointly
related by all or any of them is,, firft, exprefTed in their own words, by way of comparifon ; fecondly, brought into one narration by way of composition ; thirdly, extracted into one clear context by way of
collection; yet fo as whatfoever was omitted in the context is inferted by way of
fupplement in another print, and in fuch a
manner as all the four Evangelifts may be
eaiily read feverally and distinctly; each
apart and alone from firft to laft: and in
each page throughout the book are fundry
pictures added, exprefling either the facts
themfelves, or their types and figures ; or
other things appertaining thereunto. T h e
whole divided into 150 heads."
Several of the Harmonies* were, afterwards finiihed upon the fame plan with fome
improvements: one of thefe books was
prefented to M r . Ferrar's moft dear and
intimate friend, the well known M r . Geo.
Herbert, who in his letter of thanks for it,
* T h e book in S. John's College library at Oxford
(faid to be compiled by the N u n s of Gidding) is one
of thefe Harmoniesj being all patch-work.

calls

i28

The

Life

of

calls it a moft ineftimable j e w e l ; another
was given to his other fingular friend D r .
Jackfon. T h e fame of this work, the p r o duction of a man fo celebrated as the author
had been, foon reached the ears of the k i n g ,
who took the firft opportunity to m a k e
himfelf perfonally acquainted with it, by
obtaining the perufal of it.
M r . Ferrar about this time wrote feveral
very valuable treatifes, and made feveral
translations from authors in different languages, on fubjedts which he t h o u g h t might
prove ferviceable to the caufe of religion.
A m o n g others, having long had a high
opinion of J o h n ValdefTo's Hundred and ten
Confederations, &c. a book which he met
with in his travels, he now (in 1632) tranflated it from the Italian copy into Englifh,
and fent it to be examined and cenfured by
his friend M r . H e r b e r t , before it was made
public. W h i c h excellent book M r . H e r bert returned with many marginal notes,
and criticifms, as they are now printed with
i t ; with an affectionate letter alfo recommending the publication.
In M a y , 1 6 3 3 , his Majefty fet out upon
his journey to Scotland, and in his progrefs
he ftepped a little out of his road to view
Little

Nicholas Ferrar.

129

Little Giddmg in Huntingdonshire.
The
family having notice, met his Majefty at
the extremity of the parifh, at a place
called, from this event, the King's Clofe :
and in the form of their folemn proceflions
conducted him to their Church, which he
viewed with great pleafure. H e inquired
into, and was informed of the particulars
of their public, and domeftic economy : but
it does not appear that at this time he made
any considerable flay. T h e following fummer his Majefty and the Queen pafTed two
nights at Apethorp in Northamptonfhire,
the feat of M i l d m a y Fane Earl of Weftmorland. F r o m thence he fent one of his
gentlemen to intreat (his Majefty's own
word) a fight of The Concordance, which,
he had heard, was fome time fince done at
Gidding ; with affurance that in a few days,
when he had perufed it, he would fend it
back again. M r , N . Ferrar was then in
London, and the family made fome little
demur, not thinking it worthy to be p u t
into his Majefly's h a n d s ; but at length
they delivered it to the mefTenger. But it
was not returned in a few days, or weeks :
fome months were elapfed, when the gentleman brought it back from the King, who
K
was

130

The

Life

of

was then at London. H e faid he had manythings to deliver to the family from his
mailer. Firft, to yield the King's hearty
thanks to them all for the right of the
book, which parTed the report he had heard
of it. T h e n to fignify his approbation of
it, in all refpects. N e x t to excufe him in
two points. T h e fir ft for not returning it
as foon as he had promifed: the other, for
that he had in m a n y places of the margin
written notes in it with his own hand. A n d
(which I know will pleafe you) faid the
gentleman, you will find an inftance of m y
matter's humility in one of the margins.
T h e place I mean is where he had written
fomething with his own hand, and then p u t
it out again, acknowledging that he was
miftaken in that particular.
T h e gentleman farther told them, that
the K i n g took fuch delight in it, that he
parTed fome part of every day in perufing
it. A n d laftly, he faid, to mow you how
true this is, and that what I have declared
is no court compliment, I am exprefsly
commanded by my mafter, earneftly to requeft of you, M r . Nicholas Ferrar, and of
the y o u n g ladies, that you would m a k e
him one of thefe books for his own ufe,
and

Nicholas Ferrar.

131

and if you will pleafe to undertake it, his
Majefty fays you will do him a moft acceptable fervice.
M r . Nicholas Ferrar and the young ladies returned their moft humble duty, and
immediately fet about what the K i n g defired. In about a year's time it was fmiftied,
and it was fent to L o n d o n to be prefented
to his Majefty by D r . Laud, then made
A b p . of Canterbury, and D r . Coftns, Mafter
of Peterhoufe, whofe turn it was to wait
that month, being one of the King's C h a p lains. T h i s book was bound entirely by
M a r y Collet (one of M r . Ferrar's nieces) all
wrought in gold, in a new and moft elegant fafhion.
T h e K i n g after long and ferious looking
it over, faid, cc T h i s is indeed a moft valuable work, and in many refpects worthy to
be prefented to the greateft Prince upon
earth. F o r the matter it contains is the
richeft of all treafures.
T h e laborious
compofure of it into this excellent form of
a H a r m o n y ; the judicious contrivance of
the method, the curious workman/hip in fo
neatly cutting out and difpofing the text,
the nice laying of thefe coftly pictures, and
the exquifite art exprefted in the binding,
K 1
are,

i3a

T h e Life of

are, I really think, not to be equalled. I
muft acknowledge myfelf to be indeed greatly
indebted to the family for this jewel : and
whatever is in my power, I fhall at any
time be ready to do for any of t h e m . "
T h e n after fome paufe, taking the book
into his hands, he faid, cc And what think
you, my lord of Canterbury, and you, D r .
Cofms, if I fhould afk a fecond favour of
thefe good people ? indeed I have another
requeft to m a k e to them, and it is this. I
often read over the lives and actions of the
Kings of J u d a h and Ifrael in the books of
the Kings, and the Chronicles, and I frequently meet with difficulties. J fhould be
much obliged if M r . Ferrar would make me
fuch a book as may bring all thefe matters
together into one regular narration, that I
may read the whole in one continued flory,
and yet at the fame time may be able to fee
them feparate; or what belongs to one book,
and what to another. I have long ago
moved feveral of my chaplains to undertake
this bufinefs : but it is not done : I fuppofe
it is attended with too much difficulty.
W i l l you, m y lord, apply for me to M r .
Ferrar ?" T h e Archbifhop wrote to M r .
Ferrar, acquainting him with the King's
defires,

Nicholas Ferrar.

133

defires, and M r . Ferrar immediately fct
himfelf about the work.
In the courfe of little more than a year,
about Oct. 1636, M r . Ferrar and his afliftants completed the H a r m o n y of the two
books of the Kings and the Chronicles, and
young Nicholas Ferrar bound it in purple
velvet, moft richly gilt. It was then fent
to the Archbifhop and D r . Cofins, to be by
them prefented to the K i n g . H i s Majefty
was extremely delighted with it, faying, < c It
was a fit mirror for a King's daily infpeclion.
H e r e i n , he faid, I mall behold GOD'S mercies and judgments : H i s punifhing of evil
princes, and rewarding the good. T o thefe
H i s promifes, to thofe H i s threatenings
moft furely accomplifhed. I have a fecond
fime gained a great treafure. W h a t I faid
of the firft book, I may moft juftly fay of
this ; and I defire you will let them know
m y high efteem both of it and of them."
D r . Cofins then prefented a letter from
M r . Ferrar, which the K i n g declared he
t h o u g h t the fineft compofition he ever read.
In farther difcourfing of thefe Harmonies
with the Divines, the King determined that
for public benefit they fhould be printed
under his own immediate command and p r o tection.

i34

T h e Life of

tection. But the troubles of the enfuing
times prevented this laudable purpofe from
being carried into execution. T h e T i t l e
of this fecond H a r m o n y was as follows :
cc
T h e Hiftory of the Ifraelites, from the
death of K i n g Saul, to their carrying away
captive into Babylon : collected out of the
books of the K i n g s , and Chronicles, in the
words of the text, without any alteration of
importance by addition to or diminution
from them. W h e r e b y , Firft, all the actions
and pafTages related in any of the books of
the Kings and Chronicles, whether jointly
or feverally, are reduced into the body of
one complete narration. Secondly, they are
digeffced into an orderly dependance one
upon the other. T h i r d l y , many difficult
places are cleared, and many feeming differences between the books of Kings and
Chronicles compounded.
A n d this is fo
contrived, as, notwithstanding the mutual
compositions of the books into one hiftorical collection, yet the form of each of
t h e m is preferved entire, in fuch a manner
as they may be eafily read, feverally and
distinctly from firft to laft. T o g e t h e r with
feveral tables.
T h e firft fummarily declaring the feveral heads or chapters into
which

Nicholas Ferrar.

135

which the hiflorical collection is divided.
T h e fecond fpecifying what pafTages are related feverally in the aforefaid books, and
what are jointly related by them both : as
alfo in what heads and chapters in this collection they may be found. T h e third,
mowing where every chapter of the texts
themfelves, and every part of them may be
readily found in this historical collection."
Thefe are probably the laft works of this
fort, executed by M r . Ferrar, who died in
little more than a year, and was very weak
and infirm a confiderable time before his
death.
But the connection between the
K i n g and this family did not ceafe on M r .
Ferrar's death. For it appears from feveral
papers ftill in being, that there was what
may be juftly called a friendly intercourfe
fubfifting, even till the diflrefsful year 164.6.
In fitting up the houfe at Gidding, moral
fentences, and fhort pafTages from the Scriptures had been p u t u p in various places ;
and in the great parlour was an Infcription
which gave rife to much fpeculation and
cenfure. It was neverthelefs nrft approved
of by feveral judicious Divines, and particularly by M r . Herbert, who advifed it to
be engraved in brafs, and fo h u n g u p that
it

136

The

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of

it might be {CQII of all. But calumny was /
now gone forth, and nothing could be done
at Gidding that was not fubjected to the
fevereft mifreprefentation.
T h e infcription
was as follows.
IHS
H e who (by reproof of our"]
errors, and remonftrance of j
that which is more perfect) \- And
feeks to m a k e us better, is j
welcome as an angel of GOD. J
But
H e who any ways goes about"
to difturb us in that which is
and ought to be amongft
Chriffcians (though it be not
ufual in the world) is a burden
whilft he ftays and fhall bear
his judgment whofoever he
be.

fiie who (by a cheerful par| ticipation of that which is
-^ good) confirms us in the
| fame, is welcome as a Chrif^tian Friend.
"He w h o faults us in abfence
for that which in prefence
he made fhow to approve of,
doth by a double guilt of
flattery and flander violate
the bands both of friendship
and charity.

Mary Ferrar, Widow,
Mother of this Family,
aged fourfcore years,
(who bids adieu to all fears and hopes of this world
and only defires to ferve Gor>)
fet up this Table.

T h e extraordinary courfe of life purfued
at Gidding, the ftrictnefs of their rules, their
prayers, literally without ceafing, their abftinence, mortifications, nightly watchings,
and various other peculiarities, gave birth
to cenfure in fome, and inflamed the m a levolence

Nicholas Ferrar.

137

levolence of others, but excited the wonder
and curiofity of all. So that they were frequently vifi ted with different views by perfons of all denominations, and of oppofite
opinions. T h e y received all who came
with courteous civility ; and from thofe who
were inquifitive they concealed nothing: for
in truth there was not any thing either in
their opinions or their practice that was in
the leaffc degree necefTary to be concealed.
T h e y were at the time, notwithstanding all
the real good they did, feverally flandered
and vilified: by fome they were abufed as
Papifts; by others as Puritans. M r . Ferrar himfelfj though porTerTed of uncommon
patience, and resignation, yet in anguifh of
fpirit complained to his friends, that the
perpetual obloquy he endured was a fort of
unceafing martyrdom.
Thefe clamorous abufes were fpread about
with great virulence and malignity. But no
one, who is acquainted with the fpirit of
thofe times, and confiders to what a degree
Religious rancour had porTefTed the hearts
of all men ; how intolerant the Puritans
were of the Papifts, and of the Church of
E n g l a n d ; what deteftation the Papifts had
of the Church of England, and of the P u ritans ;

138

The

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of

ritans ; and what a ihameful perfecution the
governors of the eftablifhed Church exercifed, often againfl: the Papifts, and always
again ft the Proteftant Diffenters ; will not
wonder that a fociety of devotees, who were
apprehended not to agree with any of them,
mould be perfecuted by them all.
H e n c e violent invectives, and inflammatory pamphlets were publifhed againfl them.
Amongfl others, not long after M r . Ferrar's
death, a Treatife was addrefTed to the P a r liament, entitled, The Arminian Nunnery, or
a brief defcription and relation of the late
erected Monaffcical Place, called the A r m i nian N u n n e r y at Little Gidding in H u n t i n g donfhire : humbly addrefTed to the wife confideration of the prefent Parliament.
The
foundation is by a company of Ferrars at Gidding. Printed for T h o . Underhill, 1 6 4 1 .
In which production there is nothing b u t
falfehood, or what is much worfe, truth wilfully fo mangled and mifreprefented as to
anfwer the vileft ends of falfehood.
And
this fort of malignity was carried to fuch a
length, that not long before the real tragedy
of King Charles was perpetrated, certain
foldiers of the Parliament party refolved to
plunder the houfe at Gidding. T h e family
being

Nicholas Ferrar.

139

being informed of their hafty approach,
thought it prudent to fly, and, as to their
perfons, endeavour to efcape the intended
violence.
Thefe military zealots, in the rage of what
they called reformation, ranfacked both the
church and the houfe. In doing which they
exprefTed a particular fpite againfl: the organ.
T h i s they broke in pieces, of which they
made a large fire, and thereat roafted feveral
of M r . Ferrar's fheep, which they had killed
in his grounds. T h i s done, they feized all
the plate, furniture, and provifion which
they could conveniently carry away. A n d
in this general devaluation perifhed thofe
works of M r . Nicholas Ferrar which merited
a better fate.
Certainly no family fufFered more from
lefs caufe of offence : for though they were
pious and firm members of the Church of
England, they behaved themfelves quietly
and with Chriftian benevolence towards all
men of all denominations: and although
they practifed aufterities which were not exceeded by the fevereft orders of the monaftic
inffcitutions, yet they neither required them
from others, nor in themfelves attributed
any faving merit to them.
A fhort

140

The

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of

A fhort time before the commirlion of
thefe violences, Bifhop Williams paid his
laft friendly viflt at Gidding, and feeing the
infcription in the parlour, faid to M r . J o h n
Ferrar, I would advife you to take this table
down. Y o u fee the times grow high and
turbulent, and no one knows where the
rage and madnefs of the people may end.
I am juft come from Bofton, where I was
ufed very coarfely. I do not fpeak as by
authority, I only advife you as a friend, for
fear of offence or worfe confequences. T h e n
after iincerely condoling with them on their
irreparable misfortune in the death of N i cholas Ferrar, he bade them his final farewell : but ever after continued their firm
friend, and conftantly vindicated the family
from the many flanders of their falfe accufers.-—But to return from this digreffion.
M r s . Ferrar, towards the clofe of her life,
feems to have been convinced that the mortifications praclifed by the family, were more
than were necefTary, and m e became apprehenfive for the health, and even for the life
of her beloved fon. She therefore earnestly
entreated him, and with many tears befought
him, that he would relax a little in the fevere
difcipline which he exercifed upon himfelf.
And

Nicholas Ferrar.

141

A n d he, being an example of filial obedience,
complied in fome degree with her requeft,
during the remainder of her life : but this
was not of long continuance.
In the year 1 6 3 5 , t e n y e a r s after coming
to Gidding, this excellent woman died, aged
eighty-three years. H e r character, as follows, is given by her fon M r . J o h n Ferrar,
who collected, and left the materials for
thefe memoirs. <f T h o u g h of fo great age,
at her dying day, file had no infirmity, and
fcarce any fign of old age upon her.
Her
hearing, fight, and all her fenfes were very
good. She had never loft a t o o t h ; fhe
walked very upright, and with great agility.
N o r was fhe troubled with any pains or uneafinefs of body. W h i l e fhe lived at Gidding flie rofe, fummer and winter, at five
o'clock, and fometimes fooner. In her perfon fhe was of a comely prefence, and had a
countenance fo full of gravity that it drew
refpecl from all who beheld her. In her
words fiie was courteous, in her actions
obliging. In her diet always very temperate ; faying, fhe did not live to eat and
drink, but ate and drank to live. She was
a pattern of piety, benevolence, and charity.
A n d thus fhe lived and died, efteemed, revered,

142

The

Life

of

vered, and beloved of all who knew her."
Such are the effects of a life of temperance
and virtue.
W h i l e his mother was yet living M r .
Ferrar did fo far comply with her requeft,
that he went to bed, or lay down upon it,
from nine in the evening till one in the
morning, which was his conftant hour of
rifing to his devotions. But after her death
he never did either : b u t wrapping himfelf
in a loofe frieze gown, flept on a bear's fkin
upon the boards. H e alfo watched either
in the Oratory, or in the Church three nights
in the week.
Thefe nightly watchings having been frequently mentioned, it may not be improper
here to give a Ihort account of the rules
under which they were performed. I t was
agreed that there mould be a conftant double nightwatch, of men at one end of the
houfe, and of women at the other.
That
each watch fhould confift of two or more
perfons. T h a t the watchings fhould begin
at nine o'clock at night, and end at one in
the morning. T h a t each watch ihould in
thofe four hours, carefully and distinctly fay
over the whole book of Pfalms, in the way
of antiphony, one repeating one verfe, and
the

Nicholas Ferrar.

143

the reft the other. T h a t they mould then
pray for the life of the King and his fons.
T h e time of their watch being ended, they
went to M r . Ferrar's door, bade him good
morrow, and left a lighted candle for him.
A t one he constantly rofe, and betook himfelf to religious meditation, founding this
practice on a literal acceptation of the paffage, c c A t midnight will I rife and give
thanks," and fome other pafiages of fimilar
import. Several religious perfons both in
the neighbourhood, and from diftant places,
attended thefe watchings: and amongft thefe
the celebrated M r . Rich. Crafhaw, Fellow
of Peterhoufe, who was very intimate in the
family, and frequently came from Cambridge for this purpofe, and at his return
often watched in Little S. Mary's Church
near Peterhoufe.*
His
* A moft refpedtable Author hath given his fan&ion,
if not to the feverity, at leaft to a moderate obfervation
of this mode of Pfalmody, in his comment on the 134th
Pfalm.
" Blefs ye the L O R D , all ye fervants of the L O R D , w h o
by night ftand in the houfe of the L O R D . Blefs H i m
in the cheerful and bufy hours of the d a y : blefs H i m
in the folemn and peaceful watches of the night.
" T h e pious M r . Nicholas Ferrar exhibited in the
lafl century an inflance of a Proteflant family, in which
a con-

i44

The

Life

of

H i s friends perceiving a vifible decay of
his Strength, remonftrated againfr. thefe austerities, fearing bad confequences to his
health; they told him that he was much too
ftricl: in his way of life ; they advifed him
to go abroad, to take the air frequently, and
to admit of fome innocent amufement. H e
replied, that to rife and go to bed when we
pleafe, to take the air and get a good appetite, to eat heartily, to drink wine, and cheer
the fpirits, to hunt, and hawk, to ride
abroad, and make vifits, to play at cards
and dice, thefe are what the world terms
gallant and pleafant things, and recreations
fit for a gentleman : but fuch a life would
be fo great a flavery to me, and withal I
think it of fo dangerous a tendency, that if
I was told I muft either live in that manner,
or prefently fuffer death, the latter would
moft certainly be my choice.
A b o u t three months before his death,
perceiving in himfelf fome inward faintnefs,
and apprehending that his laft hour was
a conftant courfe of Pfalmody was appointed, and fo
ftri£tly kept u p , that through the whole four and twenty
hours of day and night, there was no portion of time
w h e n fome of the members were not employed in performing that moft pleafant part of duty and devotion."
—Dr. Home.

now

Nicholas Ferrar.

145

now drawing very near, he broke off abruptly from writing any farther on a fubje6t which was then under his confederation.
T h i s breaking off is yet to be feen in that
unfinished treatife, with his reafon for difcontinuing it.
H e then began to write
down Contemplations on Death in the following words.
" T h e remembrance of death is very powerful to reftrain us from finning. F o r he
who ihall well consider that the day will
come (and he knoweth not how foon) when
he mall be laid on a fick bed, weak and faint,
without eafe and almoft without ftrength,
encompafTed with melancholy thoughts, and
overwhelmed with anguilh ; when on one
fide, his diftemper increaflng upon him, the
phyfician tells h i m that he is pail all hope
of life, and on the other, his friends urge
him to difpofe of his worldly goods, and
fhare his wealth among them : that wealth
which he procured with trouble, and preferved with anxiety : that wealth which he
now parts from with forrow: when again
the Prieil calls on him to take the preparatory meafures for his departure : when h e
himfelf now begins to be aiTured that here
he hath no abiding city; t h a t this is no
L
longer

146

The

Life

of

longer a world for h i m : that no more funs
will rife and fet upon h i m : that for him
there will be no more feeing, no m o r e hearing, no more fpeaking, no more touching,
no more tailing, no more fancying, no more
under ftanding, no more remembering, no
more defiring, no more loving, no more
delights of any fort to be enjoyed by him ;
but that death will at one ffcroke deprive
him of all thefe things: that he will fpeedily
be carried out of the houfe which he had
called his own, and is now become another's:
that he will be p u t into a cold, narrow
grave: that- earth will be configned to earth,
afhes to afhes, and duft to duft: let any
man duly and daily ponder thefe things, and
how can it be that he mould dare"—•—
H e r e the ftrength of this good man failed
him, and his efTay is left thus unfinished.
O n the fecond of November he found
that his weaknefs increafed, yet he went to '
church, and on that day officiated for the
laft time. After this, his faintnefs continued gradually to increafe, but he fufTered
not the leaf! degree of bodily pain.
He
converfed with his family and earneftly encouraged them to perfevere in the way he
had pointed out to them. A n d addrefling
himfelf

Nicholas Ferrar.

147

himfelf particularly to his brother, faid,
cc
M y dear brother, I muft now fhortly appear before G O D , and give an account of
what I have taught this family. A n d here
with a fafe confcience I can fay, that I have
delivered nothing to you but what I thought
agreeable to His word: therefore abide fteadily by what I have taught. Worfhip G O D
in fpirit and in truth. I will ufe no more
words. One thing however I muft add,
that you may be both forewarned, and prepared. Sad times are coming on, very fad
times indeed ; you will live to fee them."
T h e n grafping his brother's hand, he faid,
cc
O ! my brother ! I pity you, who muft fee
thefe dreadful alterations. A n d when you
fhall fee the true worfhip of G O D brought
to nought, and fupprefled, then look, and
fear that defolation is nigh at hand. A n d
in this great trial may G O D of H i s infinite
mercy fupport and deliver you."
T h e third day before his death he fummoned all his family round him, and then
deftred his brother to go and mark out a
place for his grave according to the particular directions he then gave. W h e n his
brother returned, faying it was done as he
deflred, he requefted them all in prefence of
L 2
each

148

The

Life

of

each other to take out of his ftudy three
large hampers full of books, which had been
there locked u p many years. T h e y are comedies, tragedies, heroic P o e m s , and r o mances ; let them be immediately burnt upon
the place marked out for m y grave ; and
when you mall have fo done, come back and
inform me. W h e n information was b r o u g h t
him that they were all confumed, he defired
that this act m i g h t be confide red as the teftim o n y of his difapprobation of all fuch p r o ductions, as tending to corrupt the mind of
man, and improper for the perufal of every
good and iincere Chriftian.
O n the firrl: of December, 1637, n e found
himfelf declining very faft, and defired to
receive the Sacrament: after which, and
taking a moft affectionate farewell of all his
family, without a ftruggle, or a groan, he
expired in a rapturous eeftacy of devotion.
T h u s lived, and thus died Nicholas Ferrar, the beft of fons, of brothers, and of
friends, on M o n d a y , December 2, 1637,
precifely as the clock flruck one : the hour
at which for many years he conftantly rofe
to pay his addrertes to heaven.
T h a t he was eminently pious towards
G O D , benevolent towards man, and perfectly
fincere

Nicholas Ferrar.

149

flncere in all his dealings; that he was induftrious beyond his ftrength, and indefatigable in what he thought his duty ; that he
was bleffed by Providence with uncommon
abilities, and by unremitted exertion- of his
various talents attained many valuable accomplifhments, is very manifeft from the
preceding memoirs, and is the leaft that can
be faid in his praife : and though greatly to
his honour, is yet no more than that degree
of excellence which may have been attained
by many. But the fpiritual exaltation of
mind by which he rofe above all earthly
conflderations of advantage, and devoted
himfelf entirely to G O D , whom in the ftricl:eft {enfe he loved with all his heart, with all
his foul, and with all his ftrength, being
united to the active virtues of a citizen of
the world, gives him a peculiar pre-eminence even among thofe who excel in virtue.
For while h e practifed felf-denial to the utmorl, and exercifed religious feverities upon
himfelf fcarce inferior to thofe of the reclufes
who retired to deferts, and fruit themfelves
up in dens and caves of the earth, yet he
did not, like them, by a folitary and morofe
retirement, deprive himfelf of the power
continually to do good, but led a life of
active

150

The

Life

of

active virtue and benevolence. H i s y o u t h
was fpent in an incefTant application to
learned ftudies, and the time of his travel
was given to the acquifition of univerfal
wifdom. O n his return home, in conducting the affairs of an important eftablifhment,
he difplayed uncommon abilities, integrity
and fpirit. A s a member of the Houfe of
Commons he gained diftinguifhed honour,
and was appointed the principal manager
to profecute, and bring to juftice the great
m a n , and corrupt Minifter of that time.
A n d having thus difcharged the duties of a
virtuous citizen, he devoted the reft of his
life to the inftrucTiion of youth, to works of
Chriftian charity, and to the worfhip of G O D
in a religious retirement, while he was yet
in pofTeffion of his health and ftrength, and
in the prime of m a n h o o d ; t h a t like the
great author, who was his daily and nightly
ftudy and admiration, the royal Pfalmift, he
might not facrifice to G O D , that which coft
him nothing. In one word, he was a rare
example of that excellence in which are
blended all the brilliant qualities of the
great man, with all the amiable virtues of
the good.
If by the brightnefs of his example he
may

Nicholas Ferrar.

151

may have given fuch light to any who fat
in darknefs and the fhadow of death, as to
guide their feGt into the ways of peace, he
has not lived in vain, nor been an Ufelefs
burthen upon the earth.
cc
H e gave his mind to the law of the Moft
H i g h , and was occupied in the meditation
thereof. H e gave his heart to refort early
to the L O R D who made him, and prayed
before H i m . H e was filled with the fpirit
of undemanding, he poured out wife {QTItences, and gave thanks unto the L O R D .
M a n y mall commend his understanding,
and fo long as the world endureth it fhall
not be blotted o u t : his memorial fhall not
depart away, and his name mall live from
generation to generation." Eccluf. 39.

JOSEPH MASTERS and Co., Printers, Alderfgate Street, London.

APPENDIX.

I T is thought that Englifh C h u r c h m e n , w h o revere
the memory of the fubjecl: of thefe pages, will be glad
to hear fome account of the prefent flate of the C h u r c h
w h i c h was the fcene of his devotion.
T h e tomb over the grave of Nicholas Ferrar is
ftill Handing; but there is not, nor does there appear
ever to have been, any infcription or brafs upon it.
T h e r e is, however, a brafs which fits a cavity in the
ftonev over his elder brother's grave, which is in the
poiition

where

Nicholas

Ferrar on his

death-bed

directed a fpace to be left between his o w n grave and
the weft-door of the C h u r c h .
I n the C h u r c h itfelf there is no doubt that eonfiderable alterations were made A . D . 1 7 1 4 — t h e date
M

recorded

154

Appendix.

|

recorded on a Hone facade which was then built as a

i

well front, probably in lieu of a tower or fpire, as

j

there is a greater fpace between it and the grave of

j

J o h n Ferrar than was by his brother directed to be

||

left.

T h e interior alfo bears marks of alteration ; b u t

I

there is evident at the fame time a defire to retain as

I

much as poflible the character of the place, which is

;

very m u c h that of a private or College Chapel of the

;
•

time of James I .

I t is panelled w i t h oak through*

j

out, and is in fufEciently good condition to be capable

I

of reiteration.

f

A reading-defk and pulpit, of equal

height and fimilar pattern, were removed about fifteen
years ago.

The

articles of church

furniture

flill

remaining are as under :
i . A brafs lectern.
... 2. T h e font of brafs.
3 . T h r e e tablets of brafs, on w h i c h are engraved
the C r e e d , , the LORD'S Prayer, and the T e n

Com-

mandments.
4.

A

bracket;

of w h i c h

the ufe is u n k n o w n : '

poflibly it was intended for an hour-glafs or l a m p .
5. T h e Altar of cedar.
6. A Perlian carpet, n o w ufed as an altar-cloth.
7 . A piece of the tapeftry w i t h w h i c h the reading-

|

deik and pulpit were formerly covered.
8. A

:

Appendix.
8.

155

A Communion Service, confiiling of Flagon,

Chalice and Cover, Paten,

and AJms-difh, all of

iilver : upon the flagon is the following infcription : —
*f W h a t Sir E d w i n Sandys bequeathed to the remembrance of friendlhip, his friend hath dedicated to the
honour of GOD'S fervice."
W e underftand

that an effort is n o w being made

for the reiloration of the C h u r c h upon correal and
Catholic principles; and we hope that we may be
allowed to fuggeft that thofe C h u r c h m e n , w h o may
find or have found their devotion raifed or their zeal
quickened by the example fet before them in Nicholas
Ferrar, mould, as a thank-offering, contribute to the
work which is foon to be attempted.

A t all events,

the fcene of GOD'S mercy to our Branch of the C h u r c h
in giving us fo holy and great a man, mould be alfo
the fcene of the gratitude of this generation which is
trying to imitate his example, and a monument to
GOD'S love.
T h e accompanying fketch will m o w h o w unfuitable
the

prefent

objects.

ftructure

is

for

the

above-mentioned

London :
Printed by JOSEPH MASTERS and

Alderfgate Street.

Co.,

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S. Antholin's ; or, Old Churches and New, by the Rev. F . E. P a g e t .
N e w edition. In the Press.
T h e W a r d e n of Berkingholt, by t h e Rev. F . E. Paget, 5s. Cheap
edition, 2s. 8d.
Sir Raoul de Broc and his Son Tristram, a Tale of t h e Twelfth Cen r
t u r y , by t h e Rev. G. A. Poole, M.A. 2s. 6d.

16

WORKS PUBLISHED BY J, MASTERS.

Mary and Mildred; or, Principle t h e Guide of Impulse. Edited by t h £
- Rev. Stair Douglas. 2s. 6d.
The Dark River, a n Allegory, b y t h e Rev. E d w a r d Monro. 2s. 6d.
Cheap edition, i s .
T h e Vast Army, by the Rev. E d w a r d Monro. 2s. 6d. Cheap edit. I s .
The Combatants, by t h e Rev. Edward Monro. 2s. 6d. Cheap edit. i s .
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M o n r o . 2s. 6d.
The above four in one volume, 7s. 6d.
H a r r y and Archie; or, First and Last Communion, b y t h e R e v . E .
Monro. Part I. 6d. P a r t I I . 6 d . ; together, i s .
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The Maiden Aunt's Tales. 4s. 6d.
W a s it a Dream ? a n d t h e New Churchyard, by t h e a u t h o r of ** A m y
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Follow Me. (C. E. H . , Morwenstow) ]s.—Shepherd of t h e Giant
Mountains. (Fouque) i s . — T h e Knight a n d t h e E n c h a n t e r s .
(Fouque.) Is.—The Stream, is.—-The Castle o n t h e Rock. i s .
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Pearls S t r u n g , adapted for Short Perusal, by the Rev. F . W . Poland. 3/6.
Betty Cornwell a n d h e r Grandchildren : uniform w i t h " H a r r y a n d
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JUVENILE

AND

REWARDS.

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The Vine on t h e M o u n t a i n : a n Allegory. By W. C. Chepmell. 2s.
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The Daily Life of t h e Christian Child: a poem for children. 6 d . ; or
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The Recollections of a Soldier's Widow, i s .
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is.

J U V E N I L E AND R E W A R D S .

17

Tales for m y Godson. Translated from t h e German, by F r a n c e s M .
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Stories on t h e Beatitudes, i s .

Cf)e Sfu&entle ^Englishman's ILtbrarg.
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9. The Charcoal Burners, i s . 6d.
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Dunster. 2s. 6d.
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18

WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS.

REWARD

BOOKS.

PENNY.
THE SEVEN CORPORAL WORKS OF MERCY.—

In Seven Tales. In a Packet, price 6d.; or bound in ornamental
cover, 8d.
Feeding the HungryVisiting the Sick
Giving Drink to the Thirsty
Visiting: the Prisoner
Clothing .the Naked
Burying the Dead
Taking in the Stranger

THE SEVEN SPIRITUAL WORKS OF MERCY.—
In a Packet, price 6d.; or bound in
Counselling the Doubtful
Teaching the Ignorant
Admonishing the Sinner
Comforting the Afflicted
|

Ornamental Cover, 8d.
Forgiving Injuries
Suffering Wrongs PatientlyPraying for others

T H E H A L F - H O L I D A Y . A Packet of Six Tales, containing Six Different Ways of Spending a Half-Holiday. In a Packet,
price 6d.
Self-Denial
[
Usefulness
Kindness
Mischief
Charles Withnell
|
The Good Daughter
T H E S C H O L A R ' S N O S E G A Y . Being a series of Tales
and Conversations on Flowers. In a packet, containing 13, price
is. j or neatly bound, is. 6d.
The Palm
Introduction
The Hawthorn
The Daisy
The Tulip
The Violet
The Sunflower
The Arum
Grass
The Crocus
The Forget-me-not
The Strawberry Blossom
The Dandelion
FLOWERS AND FRUIT, ETC.
For Little Children.
In a Packet, price is. j or bound in cloth, is. 6d.
Lilies; or, Light in Darkness
Lucy') or, the Violet
Heart's Ease* or, Chamber of
Alice j or, the Daisy
Peace
Mary; or, the Sunflower
The Orphan's Home
Rachel j or* the Strawberry
Christmas-Tide; or, the Words
Blossom
Crocuses j or, the Field of
of a King
The Foundling
Flowers

REWARD ROOKS.

19

T H E Y O U N G S O L D I E R S , or T H E D O U B L E BIRTHDAY j and other Tales.

A packet of Seven Tales, 6 d . ; bound, 8d.

T h e Y o u n g Soldiers. P a r t I .
T h e Y o u n g Soldiers. P a r t I I .
T h e Little Sisters
" T h e y do so in my Country'*

Herbert and Lizzie
Christmas Eve
I Ash grove F£te

I n packets of 6, price 6d.
T h e Root of Bitterness
Ash Wednesday
Sunday in t h e Country
Michaelmas Day
T h e Allotment Ground
All Saints' Day
Questions on Christian DocW h a t is Liberty?
trine a n d Practice
Cicely a n d Agnes
H o w t o be a Martyr
T h e First Shilling

TWOPENCE.
I n Packets of 13. Price 2s.
T h e Two Sheep
Lijttle Stories for Little Children
*' I a m so h a p p y "
The Brother's Sacrifice
The Dumb Boy
Margaret H u n t
The Sprained Ancle
Dishonesty
The Little Lace Girl
The Ravens
The Cat and h e r Kittens
Rose Eglinton
Pattie Grahame
Tale of a Tortoise

Elements of English History
H o w t o be Useful a n d H a p p y
A F e w P r a y e r s a n d a Few Words
about Prayer
Lucy Ford
Cripple of Rothenstein
The L O R D ' S Prayer J t h e Christian
instructed i n its import a n d
use
The Prize
Annandale
William Dale
Easter Eve

THREEPENCE.
I n Packets of 13. Price i
Life of Dr. Allestree
Poor Henry j or, t h e Little Pilgrim
Rebecca Dennis and Mary Purdy
J o s e p h Paehler, or t h e Man w h o
would be rich
T h e Ocean Current
Neale's H y m n s for Children.
1st. Series
Ditto
2nd Series
Ditto
3rd Series

Memoir of a Sunday Scholar
Poor C h u r c h m a n ' s Calendar
H a n n a h a n d Alice
H y m n s for Children of t h e
Church of England
Maurice Favell
The Primroses
London Pride
Midsummer Day
Phoebe, or t h e Hospital

20

WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS.

rOUBPENCE.
In a Packet of 13, price 4s.
The Singers
The Wake
Beating the Bounds
The Bonfire
Hallowmas Eve
A Sunday Walk and a Sunday Talk
Legend of S. Dorothea
Dream of S. Perpetua
Siege of Nisibis
Christian Heroism
The Little Miners
The Secret
Little Willie, the Lame Boy
Try Again
Miss Peck's Adventures
A Day's Pleasure
The Drunkard's Boy
The Cottage in the Lane

The Railroad Boy
Smith's Church Catechism illustrated
The Schoolmaster j a Tale of the
Thirty Years' War
The Christian's Converse
Horneck's Lives of the Primitive
Christians
Consolation, or Benefits of Intercessory Prayer
Robert Lee
Annie's Grave
Ways of overcoming Temptation
Man gin's Catechism on the
Church
Laura T.
Flora and her Children
Ellen Meyrick.

SIXPENCE.
In Packets of 13. Price 6s.
The Christian Child's Book. Pt. I. \
Ditto
Part II.
Hymns for Little Children
The Island Choir
The Mystery of Marking
The Shepherds of Bethlehem
The Garden in the Wilderness
The Convert and Hester Martin
Harry and Archie. Part I.
Ditto
Part II.
Daily Life of the Christian Child
Last Sleep of the Christian Child
Honor Delafont
Progress of the Church since the
Reformation
Michael the Chorister
Sister's Care. By the Author of
* Michael the Chorister"
*
Edward Trueman
Bird-keeping Boy
A Sunset Reverie
Rachel Ashburn
Sunsettingj or, Old Age in its
Glory
Devotions fo

The Precious Stones of the King's
House
Frederic Lambert; or, the Student of Leipsig
The Young Drummer; or, the
Affectionate Son
The Ten Commandments in
Verse
The Penitent's Path
Easy Tales for Little Children
Little Stories for Little Children
Gerhard's Meditations
Harry and Walter
The Friends
Lucy Parker
Olive Lester
Village Story
Harriett and her Sister
Poor Churchman's Calendar, cL
Lives of Englishmen, l st Series
Ditto
2nd Series
Stories on the Lord's Prayer
Stories on the Commandments
Manual for Confirmation
Schoolboys.

REWARD BOOKS.

21

EIGHTPENCE.

Plain Reading Lessons from
, Scripture History
Nelson's Guide to t h e Holy Communion
The Seven Corporal W o r k s of
Mercy, bds.

The Seven Spiritual Works of
Mercy, bds.
Hook's Cross of C H R I S T
Moral Songs, paper cover
H y m n s on the Catechism

NINEPENCE,
Moral Songs, in Three P a r t s
K e n ' s Practice of Divine Love
Kettle well's Companion for t h e
Penitent
Sanderson's Christian Contentment
P r o g r e s s of t h e Church since t h e
Reformation, cloth

H o r n e c k ' s Daily Exercises
Taylor's Death, J u d g m e n t , Heaven, a n d Hell
Life of Bishop Bull
Life of J o n e s of Nayland
Cousin Rachel. P a r t l
Ditto
Part 2
Tower Builders

TENPENOE.
Finchley M a n u a l s , Cooking.
Ditto, Gardening.
Ditto, Young S e r v a n t ' s Guide.
Mystery of Marking, cloth.

Neale's H y m n s for t h e Sick, stiff
cover.
Lives of Englishmen. 3rd Series

ONE SHILLING.

The Christian Child's Book, cloth
Gresley's Treatise on t h e Church
H y m n s for Little Children, cloth
H y m n s on Scripture Characters
Moral Songs, cloth
M onro's Dark River, stiff cover
M o n r o ' s V a s t Army, ditto
M o n r o ' s Combatants
M o n r o ' s H a r r y a n d Archie, complete
The Y o u n g C h u r c h m a n ' s M a n u a l
C o m m e n t a r y on t h e Seven Penitential Psalms
Recollections of a
Soldier's
Widow
Life of B i s h o p Andre wes
Life of Dr. H a m m o n d
Life of Bishop Wilson
Bessie Gray, cloth
E d w a r d T r u e m a n , cloth
Birdkeeping Boy, cloth
A Drop in t h e Ocean
- Cinderella in verse
*
Hopwood's Child's Geography
J o h n s ' Easy Dictation Lessons
J o h n s ' Questions on the Pentateuch
The King's Daughter
: S a m u e l ; a Story for Choristers
Tales of t h e E m p i r e

Neale's H y m n s for Children, cl.
Christmas Eve and other Poems
The Path of Life, stiff cover
Steps to t h e Altar
Cosin's Private Devotions
Self-Devotion
Story of a Dream
The Scholar's Nosegay
Fruits and Flowers
Sister's Care, cloth
Michael t h e Chorister, cloth
Biddy Kavanagh, &c.
Doctrine of t h e Cross illustrated
Lays of t h e Church
Lives of Englishmen. 4th Series
Book of Anecdotes
Shepherd of the Giant Mountain
The Stream
Follow Me
Knight and t h e E n c h a n t e r s
Castle on t h e Rock
Was it a Dream ?
M ilman's Way t h r o u g h t h e Desert
(stiff cover)
Milman's Voices of H a r v e s t
Phipp's Catechism on Scriptures
Cousin Rachel. P a r t 3
Ditto
Part 4
Book of Church History
Stories on t h e Beatitudes

22

WORKS PUBLISHED BY J. MASTERS.

ONE SHILLING AND
The Child's New Lesson Book
Christian's Chamber Companion
Finchley Manual of Cooking
Best Edition
Gresley's Holiday Tales, stiff
cover
The Horn Book. First Series
Ditto
Second Series
Taylor's Life of CHRIST
Russell's Lays of the Early
Church
Was it a Dream? and the New
Churchyard
Poor Henry and other Stories, cl.
Catechism on the Incarnation.
Williams' Ancient Hymns for
Children
Wakefield's Five Hundred Charades from History, &c.
Robert Marshall, &c, cloth
Charlton's English Grammar
Ivo and Verena, limp cloth

SIXPENCE-

The Christian Servant's Book
Fouque's Aslauga andher Knight
Milman's Voices of Harvest
Neale's Hymns for the Sick, cl.
The Art of Contentment
Sears' Scripture Prints, plain
" (Set of 12)
Popular Tales from the German
Early Friendship
The Swedish Brothers
The Charcoal Burners
Joseph Paehler and other Stories,
cloth
Parish Tracts, (5 Tales) cloth
Little Annie and her Sisters
Milman's Way through the Desert
Margaret, an Olden Tale
Poole's Churches, their Structure, &c.
Book of Church History
What we are to Believe
Tales of the Empire.

Conversations on the Cl
Church Service, is. 3d.
Tracts for the Working People, cloth, is. 4d.
Paget's Rich and Poor. 2 Parts, is. 4d. each.

ONE SHILLING AND EIGHTPENCE.
Al
Gresley's Clement Walton, stiff j Neale's Church Tour, Part I.
J
cover
Ditto
Part II.
Gresley's Siege of Lichfield, do.
Neale's English History, limp
Gresley's Charles Lever, ditto j
I cloth

TWO

SH3

Neale's Followers of the LORD
j Christian Servant's Book, bound
Adams' Cressingham j or, the
Flower's Tales of Faith and Providence
Missionary
Ken's Practice of Divine Love
The Vine on the Mountain
Neale's Agnes de TracyGresley's Forest of Arden, stiff
Hymns for Public & Private Use
cover
Gresley's Henri de Clermont
Gresley's Church Clavering, do.
Churton's Lays of Faith and
Gresley's Holiday Tales, ditto
Bishop Andrewes' Parochial SerLoyalty
mons
The Manger of the Holy Night
Wakefield's Mental Exercises
Bezant's Geographical Questions
Neale's Christian Heroism
Stories of Youth and Childhood
Neale's Christian Endurance
Ivo and Verena
Neale!s Stories from Heathen
Ken's Preparatives for Death
Flower's Classical Tales
Mythology
Smith's Devout Chorister, cloth
Neale's Deeds of Faith
Arden's Manual of Catechetical
Neale's Greece, limp cloth
Instruction
Fox's Noble Army of Martyrs
j

S3

REWARD B O b K S .

TWO SHILLINGS AND
Chapters on Deacons
Millard's Historical Notices of
Choristers
M o n r o ' s Dark River
M o n r o ' s Vast Army
M o n r o ' s Combatants
M o n r o ' s Revellers, &c.
P a g e t ' s Tales of Village Children
Vol. 1.
Ditto
Vol. II.
Guardian Angels
H e y g a t e ' s Godfrey Davenant
H e y g a t e ' s Godfrey DaVenant at
College
D u n s t e r ' s Stories from Froissart
M o n r o ' s Stories of Cottagers
T h e Child's N e w Lesson Book,
coloured
The Child's Book of Ballads
H y m n s a n d Scenes of Childhood
M a r g a r e t 5 an olden Tale
P a r i s h Tracts, cloth
P a g e t ' s S. Antholin's
Poole's Sir Raoul de Broc
B a r o n ' s Little D a u g h t e r
C h u r c h m a n ' s Companion.

THREE

SIXPENCE.

T u t e ' s Champion of t h e Cross
The Hope of t h e Katzekopfs
Paget's L u k e Sharp
Hopwood's Geography
Gresley's Colton Green
History of Portugal
Poynings 3 a Tale of t h e Revolution
Neale's English History for Children
Neale's Mediaeval H y m n s
J o h n s ' History of Spain
Festivals and Fasts for t h e Y o u n g
Lives of Englishmen, Vol. 1
Ditto
Vol. 2
Poole's Churches, their s t r u c t u r e ,
&c. (cloth)
Lord of t h e Forest, bds.
Vidal's Esther Merle
Little Alice
Sacred History. Old Test.
Ditto
N e w Test.
Consecration a n d Desecration
Snowball a n d other Tales
Vols. I . a n d I I . 2s. 9d. each.

SHILLINGS.

F l o w e r ' s Reading L e s s o n s for j P a g e t ' s Milford Malvoisin
Sears' Scripture Prints, coloured
Schools
(set of 12)
Gresley's F r a n k ' s Trip t o the
Holy Men of Old
Continent, stiff cover
Tales for m y Godson
J o h n s ' Collects and Catechising
Smith's Devout Chorister, calf,
Moberly's Stories from Herodotus
or r o a n tuck
F o x ' s History of Rome
K i n g s of E n g l a n d
| Neale's Greece

THREE SHILLINGS A N D
A d a m s ' Fall of Croesus
E n t h u s i a s m n o t Religion
Gresley's Charles Lever
T h e Inheritance of Evil
L o r a i n e ' s Lays of Israel
T h e Lord of t h e Forest a n d his
Vassals
Theodore, his Brother and Sisters
P a g e t ' s Christian's Day
Pietas Metrica
T h e Birthday

SIXPENCE.

Gresley's Clement Walton
H e y g a t e ' s William Blake
Christian Gentleman's Daily Walk
Lady Ella
Neale's Mirror of Faith
Neale's Stories of t h e Crusades
Songs of Christian Chivalry
The Wreath of Lilies
Captive Maiden
Companion t o Sunday Services
The Unseen World

The C h u r c h m a n ' s Companion.

Vols. I I I . to X,

24

WORKS PUBLISHED B^;. J. MASTERS.

FOUR SHILLINGS.
Gresley's Seige of Lichfield
Gresley's Forest of Arden

I
|

Gresley's Church Clavering
Church Poetry

FOUR SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
The Baron's Little Daughter and
other Tales
Evans' Outline of Sacred History
Hicks' Lectures on the Epiphany
The Island of Liberty
Neale's Duchenier; or, the Revolt of La Vendee
Poole's History of England
Vol. I.
Ditto
Vol. II.
Abbey Church

Scenes and Characters
Gresley's Frank's Trip to the
Continent
Gresley's Coniston Hall
Gresley's Bernard Leslie
The Maiden Aunt
Paget's Pageant
Days and Seasons
Poetry, Past and Present
Sacred History for Children

FIVE SHILLINGS.
The Altar, or Meditations in
Verse. By the Author of " The
Cathedral"
Jenkins' Cotemporary Annals of
the Kings of Israel, &c.
Paget's Sursum Corda
Teale's Lives of English Divines
Paget's Warden of Berkingholt
Tales of a London Parish

Bunbury's Evenings in the Pyrenees
Henrietta's Wish
English Churchwomen of the
17th Century
The Church in the Cloisters j or,
the History of Monasteries
Lyra Sanctorum

25

N E W TRACTS,

ETC.

POPULAR TRACTS, Illustrating the Prayer Book of the
Church of E n g l a n d .
1
2
3
4

Already published:
The Baptismal Services. Second Edition. I d .
The Dress of t h e Clergy, with a n Illustration. 2d.
The Burial Service. With an Appendix on Modern Burials,
M o n u m e n t s , and Epitaphs, c o n t a i n i n g Seven Designs for
H e a d s t o n e s , and a n Alphabet for Inscriptions. 6d.
The Ordination Services. 4d.

LONDON PAROCHIAL TRACTS.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Conversion, in Two P a r t s . 2d., or 14s. per 100.
Be One Again. An Earnest Entreaty from a Clergyman t o his
People to Unite i n Public Worship. Id., or 7s. per 100.
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