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VOLUME XV, NUMBER 1

The Birds of Texas
An Annotated Check-List
By JOHN K. STRECKER Jr.
Curator Baylor University

Museum

FOUNDED IN 1845 AT INDEPENDENCE
UNDER THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS

JANUARY, 1912
PUBLISHED
ENTERED

BY THE

AS SECOND CLASS MATTER

UNIVERSITY

AT THE POST OFFICE AT WACO,

TEXAS

BAYLOR UNIVERSITY BULLETIN
VOL UME X V, NUMBER 1

The Birds of Texas
An Annotated Check-List
Bp JOHN K. STRECKER Jr.
Curator Baylor University

Museum

FOUNDED IN 1845 AT INDEPENDENCE
UNDER THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS

JANUARY, 1912
PUBLISHED BY THE

UNIVERSITY

ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER AT THE POST OFFICE AT WACO, TEXAS

PRINT OF THE

BAYLOR UNIVERSITY PRESS
WACO. TEXAS

8

BAYLOR UNIVERSITY BULLETIN
PUBLISHED

BI-MONTHLY

HENRY LEE HARGROVE, PH. D., Editor

AT BAYLOR

UNIVERSITY,

WACO,

TEXAS

FRANCIS MARION ALLEN, A. B., Manager

INTRODUCTION
In compiling the following check-list of Texas birds, the writer has tried to be
conservative and has only included those species which he was satisfied from
authentic published record or personal knowledge, were inhabitants of the State. He
regrets that the members of the United States Biological Survey were not permitted
by the State authorities to continue their investigations, as they would in all probability have added much to our knowledge concerning the birds of Western Texas.
The writer, although he is connected with one of the largest educational institutions
in Texas, is not permitted to take birds for scientific purposes; yet it is a fact that
during the three years prior to the enactment of the present law, he collected only
eleven specimens, six of which were migrating waterbirds, for the shooting of which
he would not at any time have been liable for a fine. At the same time, out-of-State
correspondents write that they constantly receive birds and eggs from Southern
Texas and wonder why he has discontinued his investigations. The chances are that
the most of these "Southern Texas birds" were collected along the Valley of the
Lower Rio Grande in Northern Mexico and labeled up to suit the occasion. Such
things have happened!
I had the privilege of meeting one of the Biological Survey collectors—Mr.
Arthur Howell, a gentleman in every sense the word implies and a true lover of Nature. He is an investigator, not a bird murderer and all of the specimens taken by
him were for the purpose of studying their food habits in connection with the boll
weevil investigation and the whole number collected during his Texas stay
would not amount to as much in the sum total as the vandal-like work of the average small boy during the summer season.
The birds of Texas, or at least the majority of them, are on the rapid road to
extermination, the result of the clearing up of waste lands, the cutting down of
pine forests, the draining of swamps and lagoons, and the brutality of those inhuman
beasts in the guise of men who annually get the "blood lust" and go forth to slay for
gain or so-called sport. To the true SPORTSMAN, lover of the woods and fields, who

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believes in obeying the laws, not only those of the State but also those of common
decency and humanity and kills within the limit and then only such birds as can be
considered GAME, I am willing to take off my hat and call brother. But for the man (?)
who considers Robins, Larks and Mockingbirds fair game, I have absolutely no respect.
The Agriculturists are beginning to suffer for their sin of omission in not shotgunning the lunk-headed louts who formerly overran their fields and wooded pastures, slaughtering for the sake of killing, every living wild thing in sight, and then
chucking the contents of their bag in the first trash box on their return home.
In my day I was too late to witness the great flights of wild pigeons; but I can
remember a time when plume birds and other water fowl were myriad in the grassy
lagoons of Eastern and Southern Texas, and many of these are soon to be numbered
with the Ivory-billed Woodpecker and Carolina Paroquet as birds which have recently become extinct! The agency? Man's inhumanity to man and every other moving, living, breathing thing on earth. Of what benefit is a beautiful Heron, a curious
Snake Bird, an ungainly Pelican?—I am asked. Of what benefit is a flower—a
weeping willow—a tiny cascade—a rugged hill? Merely something natural for us
to gaze upon and reflect on the greatness and goodness of Him who created everything and on the insignificance of man who created nothing but selfishness and vandalism and whose principal aim seems to be to reduce to dust, every beautiful thing
before its time.
As this is merely a preliminary list, I have made no attempt to append a complete bibliography. I have consulted every book or paper containing a reference to
a Texas bird that was in any way accessible to me. In its preparation I have made
liberal use of the ranges of many species as ontlined in Mr. Ridgway's monumental
work on the Birds of North and Middle America. (Parts I-II-III-IV.)
In the case of species recorded from the trans-Pecos country, I have as a rule
used the notes of Oberholser and Bailey in preference to my own, as they were first
on the ground. In most instances I have followed the arrangement used in the A.
0. U. Check-List as to family divisions but in the case of the Passerine birds I have
faithfully followed Ridgway as I consider him the greatest living authority on our
Avi-Fauna. I am a little doubtful of the status of some of the recently described
subspecies, but if the splitters (and they are in the majority at the present time) are
willing to accept these as valid races, I must bow in deference to their superior discrimination.
For a description of the physical characteristics of the different regions of the
State, I will refer the reader to Mr. Vernon Bailey's excellent report on the Biological

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Survey of Texas (North American Fauna, No. 25,1905, published by the Bureau of
Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. G). By far the best
physical map that I have seen is one by Prof. Robert Hill. It gives a splendid
idea of the location and extent of the Grand and Coast Prairies and the other divisions in Eastern and Central Texas and indicates the line of the Staked Plains in
Western Texas with marvelous accuracy. Published by the United States Geological
Survey.
W. W. Cooke's "Report on Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley," published
by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1888, and the same author's recent report
on "The Distribution and Migration of North American Warblers," were invaluable
to me, as they aided me greatly in working out the status of many species and enabled me to divide them into migrants and winter residents. The only possible objection to the Warbler report is that it includes mention of some of Giraud's
"Texas" (?) species which should have long ago been excluded from the A 0. U.
Check-List.
Davie's "Nests and Eggs of North American Birds" (fifth edition) and Bendire's
"Life Histories of North American Birds," furnished breeding records not found in
other sources.
Mrs. Florence Merriam Bailey's "Handbook of the Birds of the Western United
States," one of the best general works on the birds of the western region ever published, was consulted frequently, as were also the works of Elliot, Coues, Baird,
Cassin and many others.
The following papers furnished the majority of the local records aside from the
author's manuscript notes:
Attwater, H. P. List of Birds Observed in the Vicinity of San Antonio, Bexar
County, Texas. (The Auk, IX, 1893, pp. 229-238 and 337-345.)
Beckham, C. W. Observations on the Birds of Southwestern Texas. (Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 1887, pp. 633-697.)
Beyer, Geo. E. The Avi-Fauna of Louisiana. (1889. Author's separate.)
Brown, N. C. A Reconnaissance in Southwestern Texas. (Bull. Nutt. Ornith.
Club, VII, 1882, 33-42.) A Second Season in Texas. (The Auk, I,
1884, pp. 120-124).
Butcher, H. B. List of Birds Collected at Laredo. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., Vol. XX, 1868, pp. 148-150).
Carroll, J. J. Notes on the Birds of Refugio County, Texas. (The Auk, XVII,
1900, pp. 337-348).

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Chapman, F. M. On the Birds Observed near Corpus Christi, Texas, during
parts of March and April, 1901. (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Ill, No. 2,
1891, pp. 315-328).
Donald J. A. and More, R. L. A List of the Birds of Wise County, Texas. (The
Naturalist, Austin, Texas, I, No's. 3-4-5-6-8).
Dresser, H. E. Notes on the Birds of Southern Texas. (Ibis, 1865, pp. 312-330;
466-495; 1866, pp. 23-46).
Hancock, J. L. Notes and Observations on the Ornithology of Corpus Christi
and Vicinity, Texas. (Bull. Ridgway Orn. Club, 1887, 2, pp. 11-23).
Lloyd, William. Birds of Tom Green and Concho Counties, Texas. (The Auk,
IV, 1884).
Merrill, J. C. Notes on the Ornithology of Southern Texas, being a List of Birds
Observed in the Vicinity of Fort Brown, from February, J876, to June
1878. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1,1878, pp, 118-173).
Oberholser, H. C. Some Notes from Western Texas. (The Auk, XIX, 1902,
pp. 300-301).
Sennett, G. B. Notes on the Ornithology of the Lower Rio Grande, from Observations made in 1877. (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 1, 1878,
pp. 1-66). Further Notes on the Ornithology of the Lower Rio Grande,
from Observations made in the Spring of 1878. (Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv. V, 1879, No. 3, pp. 371-440).
Singley, J. A List of Birds Observed in Lee County, Texas. Notes on the Birds
of Galveston Island. List of Birds Observed at Corpus Christi and on
the Lower Rio Grande. (Report Texas Geological Survey). Also
manuscript notes supplementing the Lee county paper, and many
papers by Brewster, Sennett, Brown, Ragsdale and others.
The writer has been a resident of Waco, Texas, since the fall of 1889, and believes that he has a pretty general knowledge of the Avi-Fauna of the central section of the State, including the counties of McLennan, Bosque, Limestone, Falls, Hill,
Robertson, Williamson, Burnet, Travis, Llano, and others in the district. He has collected material in Bee, Refugio and Matagorda counties in the southeastern coast
district, in Midland on the southern plains, in Jeff Davis, Presidio and Brewster in
the mountains of trans-Pecos Texas, in Armstrong and Potter in the Panhandle, and
in scattered localities in other sections.
The hypothetical list appended is short and deals with species sometimes referred to as Texan birds but of which up to the present time the writer has no evi-

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dence to show that they are really entitled to a place here. Such species as Giraud's
Flycatcher, the Red, Brasher's and Bell's Warblers and others described by the same
authority have until late years been considered stragglers to Texas but more recent
explorations serve to show that many of them do not even occupy intervening
territory between their natural habitats and our southern boundary. Probably no
more than three of Giraud's "Sixteen Species of Texas (?) Birds" will ever be taken
within the boundaries of the Lone Star State.

The Birds of Texas
O D R Pygopodes. Diving Birds
RE
FAMILY Podocipidae. Grebes
1.

Colymbus auritus. Horned Grebe.
Gulf coast in winter (November to the latter part of April).
2. Colymbus nigricollis californicus. American Eared Grebe.
Summer resident in the western half of the State. Recorded as
breeding in Wise county by Donald and More. Southeastward in
winter to the coast.
3. Colymbus dominicus brachypterus. Least Grebe.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties) resident.
4 Podilymbus podiceps. Pied-billed Grebe.
Resident, breeding from the northern border south to Brownsville. In
the coast counties more abundant in winter.
FAMILY Gaviidae. Loons
5.

Gavia imber. Loon: Great Northern Diver.
Migrates through the eastern half of the State, wintering on the coast.
Interior records: San Angelo (Lloyd) and Waco (Strecker). The bulk
of the birds return north about the 10th of April. One Waco bird
was shot on April 18. In the fall Loons usually pass through Waco
about the middle of November.
ORDER Longipennes. Long-winged Swimmers.
FAMILY Laridae. Gulls and Terns.

6. Larus argentatus. Herring Gull.
Winters along the Gulf coast.
7. Larus californicus. California Gull.
Singley collected two immature specimens on Galveston Islahd.
Identified by Ridgway.

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8. Larus delawarensis. Ring-billed Gull.
Common during the fall and winter months, frequenting the Gulf
coast and the lakes in the southern section of the State. During the
migrations occasionally remaining on the small inland lakes for
several days on a stretch. Specimens from Waco (October and April)
in Baylor museum.
9. Larus atricilla. Laughing Gull.
Abundant resident along the coast. Breeding on Bird and Padre
Islands, Matagorda Peninsula, etc.
10. Larus franklinil Franklin Gull.
Tolerably common winter resident on the Gulf coast. Regular migrant in spring, some years remaining on inland lakes for weeks at a
time. Specimens from Waco bear dates from April 29 to May 5.
11. Larus glaucus. Glaucous Gull.
Straggler from the north. Clay county, Texas, (Ragsdale, Bull. Nutt
Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 187.)
12. Larus Philadelphia. Bonaparte Gull.
Winter resident on Gulf coast, not common.
13. Xema sabinii. Sabine Gull.
Casual visitor to the coast in winter.
14. Gelochelidon nilotica. Gull-billed Tern.
Resident along the Gulf coast.
15. Sterna caspia. Caspian Tern.
Resident on the coast. Common.
16. Sterna maxima. Royal Tern.
Common on the Gulf coast and on many of the lagoons and marshes
from Corpus Christi southward.
17. Sterna sandvickensis acuflavida. Cabot Tern.
Common resident of the coast and lagoons in Southeastern Texas.
18. Sterna forsteri. Forster Tern.
Abundant in the lagoons and marshes of Southern Texas. Migrates
through Eastern Texas with considerable regularity in the spring, these
birds of course being the northern contingent from the upper Mississippi Valley.
19. Sterna hirundo. Common Tern.
Resident in some portions of Southern Texas. Common migrant.

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20.

Sterna antillarum. Least Tern.
Formerly abundant on the coast, breeding in all favorable localities.
Now extremely rare. A bird that has suffered greatly from the brutalities of the millinery gunner.
21. Sterna fuliginosa. Sooty Tern.
Rather rare resident along the coast.
22. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Black Tern.
Irregular migrant. Three records from Waco in April.
23. Anous stolidus. Noddy.
Rather uncommon resident on the coast.
FAMILY Rhynchopidae. Skimmers.
24. Rhynchops nigra. Black Skimmer.
Common resident along the coast
ORDER Steganopodes. Totipalmate Swimmers.
FAMILY Anhingidae. Darters.
25. Anhinga anhinga. Anhinga.
Rather common resident of the eastern and southern parts of the
State. Rare summer resident in the vicinity of San Antonio. Specimens from Waco in the Baylor Museum (November and April.)
FAMILY Sulidae. Gannets, Boobies, etc.
26.
27.

Sula bassana. Gannet.
Occasional on the Gulf coast.
Sula sula. Booby.
Irregular visitant to the coast.
FAMILY Phalacrocoracidae. Cormorants.

28.

Phalacrocorax auritus. Double-crested Cormorant.
Straggler. A specimen in the Baylor University collection was shot
at Elm Lake, McLennan County, on October 15,1911. Length 32; Tad
6.75; Bill 3.50: Tarsus 2.30.
29. Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus. Florida Cormorant.
Rather common on the Gulf coast and in extreme Eastern Texas,
breeding in favorable localities.

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30. Phalacrocorax mexicanus. Mexican Cormorant.
Gulf coast region, breeding abundantly in the marshes of the Brownville country. North in summer to Louisiana.
FAMILY Pelecanidae. Pelicans.
31.

32.

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. American White Pelican.
Abundant migrant. Winters on the Gulf coast in great numbers.
Very abundant during the migrations in Central and Western Texas.
Pelecanus occidentalis. Brown Pelican.
Common resident on the coast, breeding on the islands and formerly
on the mainland. Butcher recorded specimens from Laredo in May
but as a rule the birds rarely go inland.
FAMILY Fregatidae.

33.

Man-o'War Birds.

Fregata aquila. Man-o'War Bird.
Coast region from Louisiana to the mouth of the Rio Grande River.
In July, 1908, the writer observed many specimens on Matagorda
Bay.
ORDER Anseres. Lamellirostral Swimmers.
FAMILY Anatidae. Ducks, Geese and Swans.

34. Merganser americanus. American Merganser.
Winter resident, rather common on the coast but rare in the interior.
35. Merganser serrator. Red-breasted Merganser.
Winter resident, not uncommon in the coast counties. Rare in Eastcentral Texas (Waco).
36. Lophodytes cucullatus. Hooded Merganser.
Not uncommon winter resident of the coast counties. Reported only
as a migrant from San Antonio, Giddings, Waco and other stations in
the interior.
37. Anas platyrhyncha. Mallard.
Common migrant and winter resident.
38. Anas fulvigula maculosa. Mottled Duck.
Eastern Texas, south to the Rio Grande. Breeds abundantly in the
marshes and lagoons of Neuces, San Patricio, Refugio and other southeastern counties. May breed throughout its state range. Rare in
Central Texas (Waco).

THE
39.

40.

41.

42.
43.

44.

45.

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47.

48.

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Anas rubripes. Black Duck.
Exceedingly rare migrant. The majority of the records for this species evidently refer to the Mottled Duck. Rare migrant, possibly
straggler, in the vicinity of Waco.
Chaulelasmus streperus. Gadwall.
Abundant migrant and common winter resident. Rare in the interior
in winter but abundant on the coast.
Mareca americana. Baldpate.
Rather common winter resident. Cooke (Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley) says that it has been known to breed in Texas but I
have no record of it.
Nettion carolineasis. Green-winged Teal.
Abundant migrant,.not uncommon winter resident
Querquedula discors. Blue-winged Teal.
Rather common in winter, exceedingly abundant during the migrations.
"Accidental breeding at San Antonio and Spring Lake." (Cooke).
Querquedula cyanoptera. Cinnamon Teal.
Trans-Pecos region and southern plains, migrating southeastward to
the southern Gulf coast (San Antonio Bay, southward). Breeds in
the vicinity of Midland, Midland county, rarely. Twto records for
Waco, probably stragglers.
Spatula clypeata. Shovellor.
Common resident, breeding locally throughout the State. Very
abundant in winter.
Dafila acuta. Pintail.
Abundant migrant and winter resident.
Aix sponsa. Wood Duck.
Resident, breeding locally throughout the State. Formerly abundant,
now exceedingly rare.
Marila americana. Redhead.
Rare winter resident in Central and Eastern Texas; common in the
southern and west-central sections of the State.
Marila vallisneria. Canvasback.
Winter resident along the coast. "Rather common in early winter in
Tom Green and Concho counties." (Lloyd.) Rare in the vicinity of
Waco and in Eastern Texas away from the coast.

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50. Marila nearctica. American Scaup Duck.
This species is a rather rare straggler to the northern Gulf coast.
51. Marila affinis. Lesser Scaup Duck.
Tolerably common winter resident of Southern and Western Texas.
Occurs only as a migrant in the vicinity of Waco.
52. Marila collaris. Ring-necked Duck.
Winter resident of Southern and Western Texas. Occurs only as a
migrant in the northern and eastern sections of the State.
53. Clangula americana. American Golden-eye.
Rare winter visitor to the Gulf coast.
54. Charitonetta albeola. Bufflehead.
Rather rare winter resident. Abundant during the migrations.
55. Harelda hyemalis. Old Squaw.
Occasional visitor to the coast in winter. A mounted specimen in the
Baylor Museum is said to have been collected near the mouth of the
Rio Crande River in Cameron county.
56. Nomonyx dominicus. Masked Duck.
Occasional on the Lower Rio Grande. Cooke thinks it probable that it
breeds in the vicinity of Brownsville.
57. Erismatura jamaicensis. Ruddy Duck.
Rare winter resident but abundant during the * migrations. Cooke
'
says that it breeds over much of the Mississippi Valley, from Texas to
Minnesota, but I have no record of its breeding in this State.
58. Chen hyperborea. Lesser Snow Goose.
An abundant winter resident on the coast.
59. Chen hyperborea nivalis. Greater Snow Goose.
This goose winters on the coast but is by no means common.
60. Chen caerulescens. Blue Goose.
Common winter resident on the coast.
61. Anser albifrons gambeli. American White-fronted Goose.
Common winter resident on the coast. As a rule very few remain in
the interior.
62. Branta canadensis. Canada Goose.
Abundant migrant and common winter resident.
63. Branta canadensis hutchinsii. Hutchin's Goose.
Common migrant. Winters in the marshes and lagoons near the
coast.

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64. Branta nigricans. Black Brant.
"Lloyd states that it was shot in Tom Green county in the fall of 1884"
(Cooke). This species is evidently a very rare or irregular visitor, as
this is the only definite record of its occurrence that I can find.
65. Dendrocygna autumnalis. Black-bellied Tree Duck.
Summer resident on the Lower Rio Grande (Fort Brown, Hidalgo, etc.)
remaining from April to October.
66. Dendrocygna fulva. Fulvous Tree Duck.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties) straggling northward along the coast to Louisiana. Summer resident as far north as
the sources of the Neuces. Lloyd recorded it as tolerably common in
winter on the North Concho.
67. Olor columbianus. Whistling Swan.
Winters abundantly on Galveston and Corpus Christi bays and at
other points along the coast. Migrates over the entire region east of
the Pecos.
68. Olor buccinator. Trumpeter Swan.
Common winter resident of the coast. Lloyd recorded it as wintering
in Western Texas.
ORDER ODONTOGLOSSAE. Lamellirostral Grallatores.
FAMILY PHOENICOPTERIDAE. Flamingoes.
69.

Phoenicopterus ruber. American Flamingo.
In former years a frequent visitor, probably summer resident, of the
coast counties. Recorded from Western Texas (Tom Green and Concho counties), in 1881 and 1882 by William Lloyd.
O D R HERODIONES. Herons, Storks, Ibises, Etc.
RE
FAMILY PLATALEIDAE. Spoonbills.

70.

Ajaia ajaja. Roseate Spoonbill.
Eastern and Southern Texas, formerly breeding in abundance in the
marshes and lagoons, in company with Ibises and Herons. Formerly
bred near Houston (Nehrling), in recent years reported from various
localities along the coast (Refugio, Bee, Neuces counties, etc.)

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FAMILY IBID1DAE. Ibises.
71. Guara alba. White Ibis.
Gulf coast counties, breeding in the marshes and lagoons.
72. Guara rubra. Scarlet Ibis.
A tropical American species formerly straggling to the Gulf coast.
None have been recorded in recent years.
73. Plegadis guarauna. White-faced Glossy Ibis.
An abundant summer resident of Southern Texas. Up to recent yeais,
immense colonies nested in the lagoons and marshes in the region between Refugio and Brownsville.
FAMILY CICONIIDAE. Storks and Wood Ibises.
74. Mycteria americana. Wood Ibis.
> Formerly an abundant species throughout the Eastern and Southeastern sections or the State, still common in some localities. At the
end of the breeding season, in July and August, these birds straggle
all over Texas. Recorded from the Red river, near Texarkana by
Oberholser in 1902. Common at Coon Lake, Bee county in 1905.
(Strecker).
75. Jabira mycteria. Jabiru: American Wood Stork.
,
A tropical American species. One specimen was taken near Galveston, the only record for the United States.
FAMILY ARDEIDAE. Herons, Bitterns, Etc.
78. Botaurus lentiginoses. American Bittern.
Winter resident.
77. Ixokychus exilis. Least Bittern.
Summer resident of the entire State, breeding from the northern
boundary south to Brownsville. Winters chiefly near the southern
Gulf coast
78. Ardea herodias. Great Blue Heron.
Abundant winter resident, especially in the coast counties. Summer
resident, breeding locally throughout the State.
79. Ardea herodias wardi. Ward Heron.
Coast region of Texas. A fine breeding male in the Baylor University collection was shot near Refugio in June, 1904.

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80. Herodias egretta. American Egret.
Formerly an abundant summer resident of the cypress swamps of
Eastern and Southeastern Texas, now exceedingly rare. Winters in
the southern coast counties.
81. Egretta candidissima. Snowy Heron.
Formerly an abundant species in the marshes and lagoons of Southern and Eastern Texas, now almost exterminated, Capt. M. B. Davis,
Secretary of the Texas Audubon Society, recently reported a small
colony of fifteen pairs in a locality in Eastern Texas where the birds
had formerly bred by the hundreds. They were not disturbed and it
is reasonable to suppose that they are responsible for adding at least
fifty more Snowy Egrets to our avian population. At the close of the
breeding season in former years these birds would occasionally straggle westward into the central portion of the State (Waco and Marlin).
82. Dichromanassa rufescens. Reddish Egret.
Gulf cbast counties, formerly abundant but now rather uncommon.
Formerly reported frbm as far west as San Antonio. Reported by
Sennett and Hancock as breeding in Laguna Madre and other localities near Corpus Christi. Carroll reported it as rare summer resident
of the coast region of Refugio county, and the writer observed quite a
number of specimens in Matagorda county in 1908. *
'
83. Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis. Louisiana Heron.
Rather uncommon summer resident of the coast counties. Dresser
reported its occurence at San Antonio, but it is not mentioned from
that locality by Attwater. Reported breeding near Houston by Nehrling
and as an abundant breeder on the Lower Rio Grande by Merrill and
Sennett. Recorded as common along the Red River north of Texarkana in 1902 by Oberholser (Howell, Birds of Arkansas).
84. Florida caerulea. Little Blue Heron.
Eastern half of the State, breeding in suitable localities, abundant.
Recorded by Lloyd as a resident as far west as San Angelo. Breeds
in several localities near Waco. I have seen thousands of these birds
in the white phase of plumage in the marshes of Central Texas in late
June and early July.
85. Butorides virescens. Green Heron.
The entire State, most abundant in the eastern half, breeding locally
throughout its range.

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87.

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Nycticorax nycticorax naevius. Black-crowned Heron.
Abundant migrant, winter resident of the coast counties, summer resident of some portions of Eastern, Central and Southern Texas.
Nyctanassa violaceus. Yellow-crowned Night Heron.
Winter resident of the coast counties. Breeds in various localities
in the eastern half of the State. In 1907, Mr. Howell discovered a
small colony nesting at Gurley, Falls county, and together we paid it a
visit. I should judge that there was about twenty pairs in the colony.
We did not disturb them. Attwater records this species as a rare
migrant at San Antonio.
ORDER PALUDICOLAE.

Cranes, Rails, Etc.

FAMILY GRUIDAE.

Cranes.

88.

Grus americana. Whooping Crane.
Formerly an abundant winter resident of Western and Southern Texas. Common during the migrations in the eastern and central sections of the State. Now uncommon in winter, except in the middle
west.
89. Gas canadensis, Little Brown Crane.
Cooke in "Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley/' states that he was
informed by Mr. Robert Ridgway that there was a specimen of this
Crane from Texas in the National collection. Butcher records it from
Laredo (June, 1868).
SO. Grits mexicana. Sandhill Crane.
Migrant through the eastern half of the State. This species was
formerly an abundant breeding bird in the lakes and marshes near
the coast. It is doubtful whether it can now be considered a summer
resident of any portion of Texas. Winters along the southern coast.
FAMILY ARAMIDAE. Conrlans.
91. Aramns giganteus. Limpkin.
The "crying bird" occasionally straggles to the coast of Texas.
FAMILY RALLIBAE. Rails, Gallinules, Coots, Etc.
92. Rallas eiegaas. King Rail.
Eastern half of the State, rare migrant and winter visitant. (South
Concho [Lloyd], Corpus Christi [Sennett], Waco [Streeter]).

T H E B I R D S O F T E X A S

93.
94.

95.

96.

97.

98.
99.

100.

101.

19

Rallus crepitans saturatus. Louisiana Clapper Rail.
Northern Gulf coast, probably breeding.
Rallus crepitans caribaeus. Carribean Clapper Rail.
A West Indian species found as far north on the Texas coast as Galveston, where it was first taken by Sennett.
Rallus virginianus. Virginia Rail.
Rare migrant. Reported from San Antonio by Dresser. Two specimens collected at Waco by Prade are now in the writer's private collection. This species is not mentioned in any of the local lists of
Texas birds.
Coturnicops jamaicensis. Black Rail
Lloyd found this species breeding at San Angelo from March to June,
1884.
Coturnicops noveboracensis. Yellow Rail.
Heerman reported this species from Mitchell's Lake, near San Antonio (Dresser). This is the only record that I can find.
Porzana Carolina. Sora.
Migrant and winter resident, reported as common by most observers.
Ionornis martinica. Purple Gallinule.
This species is not a common bird in Texas. Recorded as a rare migrant at San Antonio and not mentoned in any of the other local lists.
A rather rare summer resident of McLennan and Falls counties,
where it breeds in the marshes and lagoons in May.
Gallinula galeata. Florida Gallinule.
Resident, breeding locally from the northern boundry south to Brownsville. Winters along the coast, in the marshes. Rare in the vicinity
of Waco.
Fulica americana. American Coot.
Resident, breeding in favorable localities throughout the State.
O D R Limicolae. Shore Birds.
RE
FAMILY Phalaropodidae. Phalaropes.

102. Steganopus tricolor. Wilson Phalarope.
Migrant, apparently most abundant in spring. Rare near the Gulf
coast. Rare at Waco. Abundant in Western Texas (Alpine, May 7-8.)

20

103.

104.

105.

106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.

113.

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F ML Recurvirostridae. Avocets and Stilts.
A IY
Recurvirostra americana. American Avocet.
Winters on the coast, migrating through the entire State. Known to
breed in West-central and Western Texas (Mason and Midland
counties.)
Himantopus mexicanus. Black-necked Stilt.
Summer resident of the coast counties (Bee, Refugio, Neuces, etc.)
and of the southern plains region (Midland, Ector, counties, etc.)
F ML Scolopacidae. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc.
A IY
Philohela minor. American Woodcock.
Winter resident in Eastern Texas, occasionally as far west as San Angelo. Rare at Waco. This species is said to be resident in the Big
Thicket of Eastern Texas.
Gallinago delicata. Wilson Snipe.
Common winter resident.
Macrorhamphus griseus. Dowitcher.
Reported from Corpus Christi and Hidalgo by Singley. Probably an
irregular migrant.
Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus. Long-billed Dowitcher.
Migrant. Winters on the Gulf coast principally south of Corpus
Christi.
Micropalama himantopus. Stilt Sandpiper.
Common (?) during the fall migration at San Angelo (Lloyd), rare at
Waco, rare at San Antonio.
Pisobia maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper.
Migrant, especially abundant in spring.
Pisobia fuscicollis. White-rumped Sandpiper.
Abundant migrant, common winter resident on the coast. Mild winters remains in Central Texas during the season.
Pisobia bairdi. Baird Sandpiper.
Uncommon migrant. Reported in spring at San Angelo (Lloyd) and
Alpine (Strecker). Not recorded in the lists of Hancock, Chapman,
Carroll or Attwater. One at Boerne (Brown).
Pisobia minutilla. Least Sandpiper.
Abundant migrant in the interior, winters in Southeastern Texas and
along the Gulf coast.

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21

114. Tringa canutus. Knot: Robin Snipe.
Recorded from Corpus Christi by F. M. Chapman.
115. Pelidna alpina pacifica. Red-backed Sandpiper.
Winter resident on the Gulf Coast. Abundant in marshes of the
Lower Rio Grande as late as May 16, according to Dr. Merrill. Reported by the majority of the Texas observers. Apparently rare in
Western Texas.
116. Ereuntes pusillus. Semipalmated Sandpiper.
Common migrant. Winters regularly on the coast, rarely in the interior.
117. Ereuntes occidentalis. Western Sandpiper.
Migrant, reported from Tom Greene and Concho counties (Lloyd),
Corpus Christi (Chapman) and the lower Rio Grande. Probably a
rare winter resident around the delta of the Rio Grande.
118. Calidris arenaria, Sanderling.
Migrant. Common in spring along the coast, from Galveston to the
mouth of the Rio Grande River.
119. Limosa fedoa. Marbled God wit.
Spring and fall migrant, not uncommon in Southeastern Texas (Corpus Christi, etc.)
120. Totanus melanoleucus. Greater Yellow-legs.
Abundant migrant. Common winter resident on the Gulf coast. A
few winter in the interior.
121. Totanus flavipes. Yellow-legs.
Winter resident, most abundant in the coast counties, but remaining
in favorable localities througout the state.
122. Helodromas solitarius. Solitary Sandpiper.
Common migrant.
123. Catoptrophorus semipalmata inornata. Western Willet.
Coast country, resident, more abundant in winter. Reported near
Houston by Nehrling. Breeds in Refugio county (eggs in Baylor
Museum from St. Marys), common at Corpus Christi (Hancock).
124. Bartramia longicauda. Bartramian Sandpiper.
Abundant migrant. August-September and April-May.
125. Trygnites subruficollos. Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
Rather rare migrant in the interior (Gainesville [Ragsdale]). Abundant around Galveston (Singley), abundant on the lower Rio Grande
in Cameron county (Sennett).

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126. Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper.
Abundant migrant. Rare summer resident in several sections of the
State. The migrants usually go south through Waco about the last
of October, returning in March.
127. Numenius longirostris. Long-billed Curlew.
Common migrant, very abundant in former years. Winters in the
Rio Grands counties. I have observed them as late as May 27 in
Midland and Jeff Davis counties. Formerly bred north of the Canadian, in the Panhandle.
128. Numenius hudsonicus. Hudsonian Curlew.
Rare migrant. Recorded from Waco (Strecker) and San Antonio
(Dresser).
129. Numenius borealis. Eskimo Curlew.
Common migrant through extreme eastern section of the State.
FAMILY Charadriidae, Plovers.
130. Squatarola squatarola. Black-bellied Plover.
Rather common migrant along the coast. (Galveston Island [Singley] and Corpus Christi [Chapman]).
131. Charadrius dominicus. American Golden Plover.
Common migrant, especially along the coast. Reported by the majority of the observers.
132. Oxyechus vociferus. Killdeer.
Abundant resident throughout the State.
133. Aegia itis semipalmata. Semipalmated Plover.
Common migrant. Winters in the coast region.
134. Aegialitis meloda circumcincta. Belted Piping Plover.
Rare migrant throughout the eastern section of State. Recorded from
Galveston Island by Singley.
135. Aegialitis nivosa. Snowy Plover.
Resident on the Gulf coast from Galveston southward. More abundant in winter than in summer. Eggs in Baylor museum from eastern
Refugio county.
136. Octhodromus wilsonius. Wilson's Plover.
Resident along the coast, breeding abundantly on the islands and
beaches.

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23

137.

Podasocys montanus. Mountain Plover.
Common migrant in Western Texas, a few remaining through the
winter.
Tolerably common in summer in the Trans-Pecos country, on
the southern plains and in the Panhandle west of the edge of the
plains.
FAMILY Aphrizidae. Surf Birds and Turnstones.
138. Arenaria morinella. Ruddy Turnstone.
Rather uncommon winter resident on the coast.
FAMILY Haematopodidae. Oystercatchers.
139. Haematopus palliatus. American Oystercatcher.
Summer resident of the coast.
FAMILY Jacanidae. Jacanas.
140. Jacana spinosa. Mexican Jacana.
Valley of the Lower Rio Grande (Merrill).
O D R Gallinae. Gallinaceous Birds.
RE
FAMILY Tetraonidae. Grouse, Patridges, etc.
141. Colinus virginianus. Bobwhite.
Resident of the northeastern section of the State.
142. Colinus virginianus texanus. Texan Bobwhite.
Texas, except extreme northeastern and western sections of the State.
Resident.
143. Callipepla squamata. Scaled Partridge.
Western Texas, south to the Rio Grande, east locally into the central
part of the State. Rare in the Panhandle, on the edge of the
plains (Armstrong county), resident. Rarely staggles into the eastern
district (Bonham [Cooke]).
144. Callipepla squamata castanogastris. Chestnut-bellied Scaled Partridge.
Lower Rio Grande, north to Bee county, northwest to Eagle Pass.
Resident.
145. Lophorty gambelii. Gambel Partridge.
El Paso County, in the mountain ranges, resident.
146. Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi. Mearn's Partridge.
Trans-Pecos region, in the Davis, Chisos and Guadalupe mountains,
east to Tom Green and Concho counties (Lloyd) and Mason (Henry).
Resident.

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147. Tympanuchus americanus. Prairie Hen.
Formerly abundant on the prairies of northern Texas, but now exceedingly rare.
148. Tympanuchus americanus attwateri. Attwater Prairie Hen.
Coast region of Eastern Texas, in the interior to Houston, etc. Resident.
149. Tympanuchus pallidicinctus. Lesser Prairie Hen. i
i
"Seen in October and November in Concho county, and also in winter
on Middle Concho in Tom Green county. Abundant near Colorado
City, on the Texas and Pacific Railroad. I believe this record extends
the range to the southwest. Westward it was abundant to the foothills of the Davis Mountains. Said to have been driven from the
Panhandle by the numerous prairie fires." (Lloyd, The Auk, Vol. IV,
p. 187.) This was written more than twenty-five years ago but I have
received^ specimens from the localities mentioned within the last three
years.
The Lesser Prairie Hen is resident along the foot of the plains in the
Panhandle country, south of the Canadian.
FAMILY Phasianidae. Pheasants, Turkeys, etc.
150. Meleagris gallopavo silvestris. Wild Turkey.
North-eastern section of the State, resident, formerly abundant, now
rare.
151. Meleagris gallopavo merriami. Merriam Turkey.
Occurs and probably breeds in the Guadalupe Mountains, (Bailey).
152. Meleagris gallopavo intermedia. Rio Grande Turkey.
Lowlands of Southern Texas (Lower Rio Grande, Live Oak County,
San Antonio, etc.) west to Concho and Tom Green counties (Lloyd).
Resident.
FAMILY CRACIDAE. Curassows, Guansi Etc.
153. Ortalis vetula mccallii. Chachalaca.
Valley of the Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties).
Resident.
O D R COLUMBAE. Pigeons.
RE
154. Columba fasciata. Band-tailed Pigeon.
Abundant in the trans-Pecos region, in the Davis, Chisos and Guadalupe Mountains. Probably resident.

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25

155. Cohmba flavirostris. Red-billed Pigeon.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties, etc.), summer
resident.
156. Ectopistes migratorius. Passenger Pigeon.
Formerly abundant migrant through Eastern Texas, now extinct.
Singley's record for 1886 (Lee county) is the latest I can find. Lloyd
mentions the occurrence of myriads of wild pigeons in Neuces canyon
in winter. (This was written in 1882).*
157. Zenaidura macroura carolinensis. Mourning Dove.
Abundant resident throughout the State.
158. Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera. White-fronted Dove.
Valley of the Lower Rio Grande, resident from February to November.
159. Melopelia leucoptera. White-winged Dove.
Southern section of the State. Very abundant summer resident of
the Lower Rio Grande counties, northwest to Laredo. Rare summer
visitor at San Antonio. Breed at Cotulla, Carrizo Springs, etc.
160. Columbigallina passerina terrestris. Ground Dove.
Coast region of Eastern Texas, south almost to Corpus Christi.
161. Columbigallina passerina pallescens. Mexican Ground Dove.
Lower Rio Grande, north, rarely, to San Antonio an$ northwest to
Eagle Pass. Summer resident.
162. Scardafella inca. Inca Dove.
Southern portion of the State. Some years ago Attwater recorded a
single specimen from San Antonio, but in late years this dove is a regular visitor there. In the winter of 1904 large numbers of these birds
made their appearance at Waco, remaining until the following April.
In November 1905 thev again appeared but in smaller numbers, this
time remaining until the latter part of May and, as I am informed by
reliable parties, nesting in North Waco. They are said to breed near
San Antonio at the present time. Schutze (The Condor, VI, 172)
records the Inca Dove as now common in Travis and Comal counties
and in the vicinity of Bryan, breeding.
*in recent years, great flocks of pigeons and doves have been reported from Southern Texas. In some journals,
it was reported that in the Rio Grande Valley, great "droves" of white-winged doves were doing great damage to the
crops. In September, 1911, flocks of wild pigeons were reported from the vicinity of San Angelo at Lavinia. The latter, from the descriptions I received from there, were evidently a straggling flock of Band-tailed Pigeons. This leads
me to wonder if most of Lloyd's "wild pigeons" did not belong to this species and not the Passenger Pigeon. In its
proper place I speak of the invasion of Texas by the Inca Dove.

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ORDER RAPTORES. Birds of Prey.
FAMILY CATHARTIDAE. American Vultures.
163. Cathartes aura septentrionalis. Turkey Vulture.
Abundant resident.
Less common than Catharista urubu near
the coast.
164. Catharista urubu. Black Vulture.
Abundant resident, especially on the Lower Rio Grande and in the
coast region of Eastern Texas. Rare west of the middle section.
FAMILY FALCONIDAE. Hawkes, Eagles, Falcons, Etc <
185. Elanoides forficatus. Swallow-tailed Kite.
Formerly abundant summer resident, now rather rare, in the eastern
and southern sections of the State. Always breeding in proximity to
rivers and streams. In March 1891, the write? saw a flock of at least
two hundred birds flying over a marsh in the eastern portion of McLennan county.
166. Elanus leucurus. White-tailed Kife.
Summer resident of the southern half of the State, nowhere abundant.
Record from the LoWdr Rio Grande, Houston, San Arigelo, Lee county,
etc., as a breeding bird.
<
167. Ictinia mississippiensis. Mississippi Kite.
Resident in the extreme southern section. Summer resident in the
Panhandle (Amarillo, etc.,) in Lee county (SingleyO, near Houston
(Nehrling) and locally throughout the State. *
138. Circus hudsonius. Marsh Hawk.
Resident, breeding locally. Very abundant in winter, especially in the
western half of the State.
189. Accipiter velox. Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Common winter resident. May possibly breed in isolated sections.
170. Accipiter cooperii. Cooper's Hawk.
Resident, bleeding locally, principally in the northern and northeastern sections.
171. Accipiter atricapillus striatulus. Western Goshawk.
Record from Western Texas by William Lloyd.
172. Asturina plagiata. Mexican Goshawk.
Occasional visitor to the southern section of the State.

THEBIRDSOFTEXAS

27

173. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi. Harris Hawk.
Southern half of the State, resident. Breeding as far north as San
Antonio (Attwater), Corpus Christi (Hancock), Comal and Hays
counties. Tolerably common in Bee and Refugio counties.
174. Buteo borealis. Red-tailed Hawk.
Resident east of the plains. Recorded as an abundant breeding bird
on the Lower Rio Grande and in Eastern Texas. Rare in summer in
the vicinity of Waco.
175. Buteo borealis kriderii. Krider's Hawk.
Rare resident east of the plains. Breeds as far south as Refugio county (Carroll). Red-tailed hawks from Refugio county in my county in
my collection indicate that both borealis and kriderii occur there
during the breeding season. I do not think much of kriderii as a
variety.
176. Buteo borealis calurus. Western Red-tail.
Western half of the State, resident.
177. Bueto borealis harlani. Harlan Hawk.
Resident in the eastern and Gulf coast sections. Recorded from
Brownsville (Merrill), Gainesville (Ragsdale), etc. One record from
Waco.
178. Bueto lineatus alleni. Florida Red-shouldered Hawk.
The eastern and central sections of the State, resident. South in
winter to the Rio Grande. According to Carroll does not breed as far
south as Refugio. Most abundant breeding hawk from Waco to Giddings in the river bottoms.
179. Buteo lineatus elegans. Red-bellied Hawk.
Occasionally straggles into the western section of the State.
180. Buteo abbreviatus. Zone-tailed Hawk.
Southern Texas, breeding north (rarely) to Comal and Hays counties.
Recorded by Lloyd as a fall visitant to the western part of the State.
181. Buteo albicaudatus sennettii. Sennett White-tailed Hawk.
Rio Grande Vallev, resident, not uncommon as far north as Bee and
Refugio counties.
182. Buteo swainsonii. Swainson's Hawk.
Western half of the State, resident. Especially abundant on the
southern plains and in the Davis Mountain region. East in winter to
Waco and southeastward to the Gulf coast.

28

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183. Buteo platypterus. Broad-winged Hawk.
Winter resident from the northern border south to the Rio Grande.
184. Urubitinga anthracina. Mexican Black Hawk.
Occasional along the Valley of the Lower Rio Grande.
185. Archibuteo ferrugineus. Ferruginous Rough-leg.
Western half of the State, east to Bexar and Comal counties, etc.
Breeds abundantly in the Panhandle (Potter and Armstrong counties).
186. Aquila chrysaetos. Golden Eagle.
Western half of the State, resident in the mountains of the transPecos region and in the canyons of the Panhandle. Straggles east to
Waco, Refugio, etc. Hancock's Corpus Christi record is based on the
Bald Eagle which breeds commonly in that section.
187. Thrasaetos harpyia. Harpy Eagle.
Delta of the Rio Grande, one specimen, only record from North America (Oswald, Am. Nat., 1875, p. 151.)
188. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Bald Eagle.
Southern and Eastern Texas, resident, locally distributed. Breeds in
Neuces, San Patricio, Bee, Refugio, Goliad, and other counties in the
southeastern section, this region seeming to be the center of their distribution in Texas. Recorded as common resident in Western Texas
by Lloyd, although the present writer has never observed it in that
section.
189. Falco mexicanus. Prairie Falcon.
Western Texas, resident along the edge of the plains in the Panhandle,
on the southern plains and in the trans-Pecos region. I am a little
doubtful of Nehrling's Houston breeding record.
190. Falco peregrinus anatum. Duck Hawk,
Winter visitor, not common. May possibly be resident west of the
edge of the plains.
191. Falco columbarius. Pigeon Hawk.
Winter resident, not common.
192. Falco richardsonii. Richardson Merlin.
Rare winter resident. Recorded from Refugio county by Carroll.
193. Falco fusco-caerulescens. ApJomado Falcon.
Lower Rio Grande Valley (Cameron and Hidalgo counties) westward
to El Paso. In the west, breeds north on the plains as far as Midland
and Ector counties. Summer resident.

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194. Falco sparverius. American Sparrow Hawk.
Eastern half of the State, breeding locally as far south as the eastcentral section. Winters throughout its range. Abundant.
195. Falco sparverius phalaena. Desert Sparrow Hawk.
Western Texas, probably breeding in favorable localities.
196. Polyborus cheriway. Audubon Caracara.
Southern section of the State. Breeds, rarely, as far north as Waco.
Resident.
197. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. American Osprey.
Winter resident. Said to breed in certain localities on the coast.
FAMILY Strigidae. Barn Owls.
198. Aluco pratincola. American Barn Owl.
Common resident, distributed throughout the State.
F ML Bubonidae. Horned Owls, etc.
A IY
199. Asio wilsonianus. American Long-eared Owl.
Resident, breeding commonly in wooded regions.
200. Asio flammeus. Short-eared Owl.
Winter resident, common.
201. Strix varia alleni. Florida Barred Owl.
Coast region of Eastern Texas, west to Waco. Typical specimens from
Orange county in the writer's collection. Some of those, from Waco
are not very typical.
202. Strix varia helveolum. Texan Barred Owl.
Type from Corpus Christi. Lower Rio Grande Valley north to south
central section of the State. Resident.
203. Strix occidentale. Spotted Owl.
Occurs and probably breeds in the Guadalupe Mountains. (Bailey.)
204. Otus asio. Screech Owl.
Northeastern Texas, resident.
205. Otus asio mccallii. Texan Screech Owl.
Central, Southern and Western Texas, resident. Specimens from
Waco are fairly typical.
206. Otus flammeolus. Flammulated Screech owl.
Occurs and probably breeds in the Guadalupe Mountains (Bailey).

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207. Bubo virginianus. Great Horned Owl.
Eastern half of the State, resident.
208. Bubo virginianus pallescens. Western Horned Owl.
Type from San Antonio. Western and Southern Texas, resident.
209. Nyctea nyctea. Snowy Owl.
This northern species rarely straggles into Texas during severe winters.
Recorded from San Antonio by Dresser.
210. Speotytocunicularia hypogaea. Burrowing Owl.
Texas with the exception of the Eastern and Northern wooded
districts. Especially abundant on the plains. Common in the
mountain districts. Not uncommon in the vicinity of Waco, abundant
near San Antonio, only in winter at Refugio.
211. Glaucidium phalaenoides. Ferruginous Pygmy Owl.
Lower Rio Grande, resident. Not common.
212. Micropallas whitneyi. Elf Owl.
Lower Rio Grande, westward along the border. Resident; range not
well known.
ORDER Psittaci. Parrots, Nacaws and Paroquets.
FAMILY Psittacidae. Parrots and Paroquets.
213. Conuropsis carolinensis. Carolina Paroquet.
Formerly abundant in wooded districts of Eastern Texas. Now
extinct.
O D R Coccyges. Cuckoos, etc.
RE
FAMILY Cuculidae. Cuckoos, Anis, etc.
214. Crotophaga sulcirostris. Groove-billed Ani.
Lower Rio Grande Valley, summer resident. Recorded as a fall visitor
to Tom Green and Concho counties by Lloyd (Oct. 1885-1886).
215. Geococcyx californianus. Roadrunner.
Distributed over the greater portion of the State except the eastern
wooded district. Rather common as far east as Waco. Especially
abundant in Western and Southern Texas and in some portions of the
Panhandle.
216. Coccyzus americanus. Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Summer resident of the eastern half of the State.

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217.

Coccyzus americanus occidentalis. California Cuckoo.
Western Texas, summer resident, not very common.
218. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. Black-billed Cuckoo.
Rare migrant. Occurs as far west as San Angelo. (Lloyd)
FAMILY Trogonidae. Trogons.
219. Trogon ambiguus. Coppery-tailed Trogon.
Occasional on the Lower Rio Grande (Ringgold Barracks and Las
Cuevas [Merrill]).
FAMILY Alcedinidae. Kingfishers.
220. Ceryle alcyon. Belted Kingfisher.
Permanent resident, more abundant in summer. Found along watercdurseis throughout the State.
221. Ceryle americana septentrionalis. Texan Kingfisher.
Tolerably common as far north as Bexar, Comal and Hays counties.
Recorded from Corpus Christi by Hancock but not recorded from other
localities in the same vicinity.
222. Ceryle torquata. Ringed Kingfisher.
Casual on the Lower Rio Grande (one specimen in the Philadelphia
Academy of Sciences shot near Laredo by Mr. Geo. B. Benners.)
ORDER Pici. Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc.
FAMILY Picidae. Woodpeckers.
223. Campephilus principalis. Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
Formerly an inhabitant of the thickly wooded portions of the Eastern
and Southern sections of the State, (Harris, Montgomery, Jasper
counties, etc.) now almost extinct.
224. Dryobates villosus auduboni. Southern Hairy Woodpecker.
Eastern Texas, abundant winter visitor in the vicinity of Waco. It is
not mentioned in Carroll's list of Refugio county birds nor Attwater's
list of the birds of San Antonio. Recorded as breeding in Lee county
by Singley. It is an abundant bird in summer in Smith and Henderson counties.
225. Dryobates villosus hyloscopus. Cabanis Woodpecker.
Occurs and probably breeds in the Guadalupe Mountains (Bailey,
Biological Survey of Texas.)

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226. Dryobates pubescens. Southern Downy Woodpecker.
Eastern Texas, common in winter in the vicinity of Waco. One specimen recorded from San Antonio and one from the Middle Concho
River, these localities indicating in all probability its Southern and
Western migration ranges in the State. Recorded as a breeding bird
in Singley's Lee county list but I am a little doubtful of its status as
such.
227. Dryobates borealis. Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
Pine forests and swamp regions of Eastern Texas (Houston, Hempstead, Nacogdoches, etc). Resident.
228. Dryobates scalaris bairdi. Texan Woodpecker.
Southern and Western Texas, north on the mesquite plains of middle
Texas to the northern boundary and along the valley of the Canadian
River across the Panhandle. East, locally, as far as Waco, where it is
an uncommon breeding bird.
229. Sphyrapicus varius. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
A common migrant through the eastern half of the State. A few
winter in the vicinity of Waco.
230. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis. Red-naped Sapsucker.
Recorded as a rare winter resident in the vicinity of Fort Davis by
Lloyd.
231. Sphyrapicus ruber thyroideus. Williamson Sapsucker.
Irregular winter visitant to the western counties. Collected in Tom
Green, Concho and Uvalde counties by Lloyd.
232. Phloeotomus pileatus. Pileated Woodpecker.
Eastern Texas, resident. A few are still found in the thick Tehuacana bottoms, nine miles from Waco, but the species seems destined
to follow the way of the Ivory-bill.
233. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Red-headed Woodpecker.
Northern and Eastern Texas, more abundant in summer than in
winter. Recorded as a rare winter resident of Refugio county by
Carroll. Said to be exceedingly rare in the vicinity of San Antonio
by Beckham but Attwater does not record it from that locality at all.
Most abundant woodpecker at Waco. In the Paloduro section of the
Panhandle, it is not uncommon during the summer months, following
up the river valleys almost to the New Mexican line.

THEBIRDSOFTEXAS

33

234. Melanerpes formicivorus. Ant-eating Woodpecker.
Trans-Pecos Texas, common in the Davis, Chisos, and Gaudalupe
Mountains. Resident.
235. Asyndesmus torquatus. Lewis Woodpecker.
Recorded from San Angelo by Lloyd. Bailey records a single specimen
from the Davis Mountains.
236 Centurus carolinus. Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Eastern section of the State, south to Victoria and Calhoun counties;
resident; more abundant in winter than summer. Two stragglers
were noted at Corpus Christi by Beckham. Abundant resident in the
San Angelo country but not appearing to go west of the Concho, according to Lloyd.
237. Centurus aurifrons. Golden-fronted Woodpecker.
Southern Texas, resident from San Antonio southward. According to
Lloyd it ranges west to the Castle Mountains. Rather abundant in
the coast counties from Refugio south to the mouth of the Rio Grande.
238. Colaptes auratus. Southern Flicker.
Common resident of the eastern section of the State. Winter resident
at Waco and San Antonio, but only a few records from the southern
coast region (Corpus Christi [Chapman], Refugio ;one specimen,
[Carroll]). In some manuscript notes of J. A. Singley, now in the
writer's possession, mention is made of the breeding of this species
near Giddings, Lee county, in recent years.
239. Colaptes cafer collaris. Red-shafted Flicker.
Irregular migrant, some years straggling almost to the eastern border
of the State. Common at Waco about every three or four years.
Common at San Antonio and San Angelo. A few Waco specimens
are typical, but the majority are hybrids of this and C. auratus.
Probably breeding in the Davis and Guadalupe Mountains.
O D R Macrochires. Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc.
RE
F ML Caprimulgidae. Goatsuckers.
A IY
240. Antrostomus carolinensis. Chuck-will's-widow.
Eastern section of the State, summer resident as far south as Neuces
county. West to Waco and San Antonio, breeding in both localities.
Arrives from the south about the middle of March. Carroll thinks
that a few winter in Refugio county.

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241. Antrostomus vociferus. Whip-poor-will.
Migrant through the eastern half of the State, west to Waco and San
Antonio, reported rare from both localities.
242. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax. Stephen's Whip-poor-will.
Common in the Chisos Mountains and noted also in the Gaudalupe
range. (Oberholser, The Auk, XX, p. 300.)
243. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii. Poor-will.
The Texan range of this subspecies is very imperfectly known.
Attwater records it as a common summer resident in the vicinnity of San Antonio. Cooke records it from Mason and San
Angelo. Butcher observed it at Laredo from September to February.
244. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nitidus. Frosted Poor-will.
Western Texas, east during the migrations to San Antonio. The types
were from Neuces River bottoms.
245. Nyctidromus albicollis merrillii. Paraque.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties) and coast prairie
north to Refugio county where it is rare. Summer resident.
246. Chordeiles virginianus. Nighthawk.
Eastern section of the State during the migrations. Summer resident
of the extreme northeastern section. Recorded as a migrant at San
Antonio.
247. Chordeiles virginianus chapmani. Florida Nighthawk.
Coast region from Jefferson to Corpus Christi, summer resident.
248. Chordeiles virginianus henryi. Western Nighthawk.
Abundant migrant and common summer resident as far east as Waco
and San Antonio. Carroll's records of this species from Refugio
county are not altogether reliable as birds from that locality, collected
by the writer, are clearly referable to chapmani.
249. Chordeiles scutipennis texensis. Texan Nighthawk.
Southern and Western Texas. North in the coast prairie region to Bee and Refugio counties. Common on the Lower Rio
Grande and west of the Pecos. Rachford's record of the breeding of this species at Jefferson, Texas, (Davie, "Nests and Eggs of
North American Birds," fifth edition, p. 287) I do not consider
reliable.

THEBIRDSOFTEXAS

35

F ML Micropodidae. Swifts.
A IY
250. Chaetura pelagica. Chimney Swift.
Migrant in Eastern Texas, in the spring arriving in March. On the
journey south they pass through about the 20th of September. Rather
common at Waco. Reported as rare at San Antonio by Attwater.
251. Aeronautes melanoleucus. White-throated Swift.
Of regular occurence in the Davis, Chisos and Guadalupe Monutains.
(Oberholser, The Auk, XIX, p. 300.)
F ML Trochilidae. Hummingbirds.
A IY
252. Cyanolaemus clemenciae. Blue-throated Hummingbird.
Common in the higher parts of the Chisos Mountains, Brewster county
(Oberholser, The Auk, XIX, p. 300.)
253. Archilocus colubris. Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Eastern half of the State, summer resident. Waco (Strecker). Breeds
commonly as far west as Tom Green county (Cooke, "Bird Migration
in Mississippi Valley," from Lloyd's notes.) San Antonio, breeding,
(Dresser and Attwater). Summer resident as far sputh as Beeville
and Refugio. No breeding record for the Brownsville country. Arrives in March, in some years does not migrate south before the middle of November.
254. Archilocus alexandri. Black-chinned Hummingbird.
Western section of the State, east during the migrations to Waco
(Strecker) and Refugio (Carroll). Breeds in the vicinity of San Antonio (Attwater). A common summer resident of the trans-Pecos region and the southern plains (Midland).
255. Selasphorus platycercus. Broad-tailed Hummingbird.
Common summer resident of the Davis, Chisos and Guadalupe Mountains.
(Bailey, Biological Survey of Texas.)
256. Selasphorus rufus. Rufous Hummingbird.
Occurs and probably breeds in the Guadalupe Mountain Transition.
(Bailey, Biological Survey of Texas.)

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257. Stellula calliope. Calliope Hummingbird.
Heloise's Hummingbird {Atthis heloisa) was formerly included in
the A. 0. U. Check-List on the strength of the report of the capture of
a supposed female specimen at El Paso in 1851 (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Land Birds, Vol. II,p. 465, etc.). Atthis heloisa has since been
dropped from the list of North American Birds as the specimen in
question proves to be an immature example of Stellula calliope.
(See Ridgway, "The Hummingbirds.") So far as I know, this is the
only Texas record for this species.
258. Calothorax lucifer. Lucifer Hummingbird.
Summer resident of the Chisos Mountains (Oberholser, The Auk, XIX,
p. 300.)
259. Amazilis tzacatl. Reiffer Hummingbird.
Casual on the Lower Rio Grande. Specimen recorded from the vicinity of Fort Brown by Dr. J. C. Merrill.
260. Amazilis cerniventris chalconota. Buff-bellied Hummingbird.
Lower Rio Grande Valley. Summer resident in the vicinity of Brownsville. I can find no records other than those from Cameron
county.
O D R Passeres.
RE

Perching Birds.

F ML Tyrannidae. Flycatchers.
A IY
261. Muscivora forficata. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.
Texas, distributed over the greater portion of the State. Summer
resident. In the east-central section, where it is abundant, it arrives
from the south from the middle to tjie 25th of March. Usually about
the 15th, small flocks of from four to a dozen are first observed, the
bulk not arriving for several days after the vanguard appears. During
the breeding season each pair selects some particular grove or large
solitary tree and holds it against all comers. At the close of the nesting
season the birds again form into smallflocks,usually family groups.
They migrate southward in flocks of from a dozen to several hundred
birds. In 1898,1 witnessed a flight of not less than five hundred at one
time.They were congregated in a waste field lying between two strips
of woodland and after holding a noisy conclave lasting probably half an
hour, flew toward the south in a scattered body.

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37

262. Tyrannus tyrannus. Kingbird.
Eastern section of the State, common summer resident. No breeding
records from Corpus Christi south to the Rio Grande. Reported
as a migrant at San Antonio, breeds at Houston (Nehrling) and
Refugio (Carroll). Rather common resident in the neighborhood of
Waco.
263. Tyrannus melancholicus couchii. Couch's Kingbird.
Rare summer resident on the Lower Rio Grande. Reported as breeding at Lomita ranch (Sennett).
264. Tyrannus verticalis. Arkansas Kingbird.
Western section of the State, east during the migrations to San Angelo
and San Antonio. Abundant summer resident of the Panhandle
and the southern plains, and of the mountains west and south of the
Pecos.
265. Tyrannus vociferans. Cassin's Kingbird.
Trans-Pecos region, summer resident. This species was an abundant
migrant at Paisano and in Du Bois canyon, in the Davis Mountains,
during the last three days of April, 1905.
266. Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus. Derby Flycatcher.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties), rare summer
resident.
267. Myiarchus crinitus. Crested Flycatcher.
Eastern half of the State, breeding south to Refugio and west to San
Angelo. Very abundant in the extreme eastern section and as far
west as Waco.
268. Myiarchus mexicanus. Mexican Crested Flycatcher.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties), common summer
resident.
269. Myiarchus cinerascens. Ash-throated Flycatcher.
Western half of the State, summer resident. Reported as breeding at
San Antonio, Mason, San Angelo and Bonham. I am inclined to
doubt the Bonham breeding record. In 1905, we found this species
very abundant in the Davis mountains in Brewster county. Hundreds were passing through during the latter part of April, and
many remained to breed. This flycatcher is a rare fall visitor at
Waco.

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270. Sayornis phoebe. Phoebe.
Eastern half of the State, breeding west to the San Angelo country.
Summer resident of the extreme eastern and northeastern sections
but rather locally distributed. Reported as migrant and winter resident
at Laredo, Houston, Boerne, Corpus Christi, San Antonio, Refugio and
Waco. Attwater states that it breeds in caves in the hilly country
northwest of San Antonio.
271. Saynrnis nigricans. Black Phoebe.
Western section of the State, recorded as breeding at Spring
Creek, Tom Green County, and at San Angelo (Lloyd). I have
observed this species in May in the southern plains region (Midland
county), but records of its occurance in Texas are few and far between.
272. Sayornis saya. Say's Phoebe.
Winter resident, ranging east to the Colorado (Lloyd). Recorded as
migrant and winter resident in the following localities: Fort Brown
(Merrill), Lomita (Sennett), Boerne (Brown), San Angelo (Lloyd),
Clay County (Ragsdale), Corpus Christi and Beeville (Beckham), San
Antonio (Dresser and Attwater). A rather common summer resident
of the Panhandle region west of the foot of the plains.
273. Nuttallornis borealis. Olive-sided Flycatcher.
Migrant, not very abundant. Recorded from Fort Brown, Lomita,
Gainesville, San Antonio, Concho and Tom Green counties. Guadalupe and Chisos Mountains, probably breeding, (Bailey).
274. Myiochanes virens. Wood Pewee.
Eastern half of the State, west to San Angelo, summer resident.
Breeding at San Antonio, Houston, Waco, San Angelo, on the Lower
Rio Grande, etc. Migrating birds recorded from Bonham, Refugio,
Gainsville and Mason. Probably breeds throughout its Texas range.
275. Myiochanes richardsonii. Western Wood Pewee.
Migrant, occurring as far east as San Angelo, San Antonio, etc.
Probably abundant in the Trans-Pecos region during the migrations.
276. Empidonax flaviventris. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
Migrant through Eastern Texas. Recorded from Gainesville (Ragsdale), San Antonio (Dresser), Laredo (Butcher) and Lomita (Sennett).
277. Empidonax difficilis. Western Flycatcher.
Summer resident in Chisos and Guadalupe Mountains (Bailey and
Oberholser).

THE

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278. Empidonax virescens. Green-crested Flycatcher.
Eastern section of the State, summer resident, breeding south to
Houston and San Antonio. Recorded from Fort Clark as late as May
15 (Ridgway). Rather common in Anderson and Smith counties in
summer.
279. Empidonax traillii. Traill's Flycatcher.
The range of this western species extends as far east as Tom Green
and Concho counties, where Lloyd recorded it as a tolerably common
breeder. The majority of the observers seem to have overlooked this
Flycatcher.
280. Empidonax minimus. Least Flycatcher.
Eastern section, west to San Angelo. Lloyd records it as possibly
breeding at San Angelo, Cooke at Bonham. Recorded from Kendall
and Bexar counties in April and May. Winters south of the Mexican
border.
281. Empidonax hammondii. Hammond's Flycatcher.
Western Texas, east during the migrations to Tom Green and Concho
counties. Rather abundant in Brewster county in April.
282. Empidonax wrightii. Wright's Flycatcher.
The records for this species are exceedingly few. Ridgway records
specimens in the U. S. Nat. Museum collection from El Paso county.
Tom Green county, in autumn (Lloyd). Rare migrant in the eastern
Davis Mountains in April.
283. Pyocephalus rubineus mexicanus. Vermilion Flycatcher.
Southern portion of the State, north to Bexar and Comal counties,
where it is a rather common summer resident. Resident on the lower
Rio Grande, according to Merrill. In the coast region occurring
almost as far north as Corpus Christi.
284. Camptostoma imberbe. Beardless Flycatcher.
Casual on the Lower Rio Grande (Lomita, Hidalgo, Rio Crono
Grancano [Ridgway]).
F ML Alaudidae. Larks.
A IY
285. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema. Desert Horned Lark.
Plains and trans-Pecos regions of Texas, southeast in winter to San
Angelo and Del Rio: breeding from the northern boundary of the Panhandle south to Fort Davis, etc. East to Henrietta.

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286. Otocoris alpestris praticola. Prairie Horned Lark.
Eastern and Central Texas in winter, south as far as San Antonio.
Rather irregular in its appearance at Waco, very rare some winters.
287. Otocoris alpestris Siraudi. Texas Horned Lark.
Coast prairie region from Galveston south to Brownsville. Resident.
288. Otocoris alpestris occidentalis. Montezuma Horned Lark.
Winter resident in the western section of the State. Oberholser ("A
review of the Horned Larks of the Genus Otocoris," Proc. U. S. Nat.
Museum, XXIV, 1902, p. 857.) records examples from Marfa, Laredo,
Sierra Blanca, Henrietta and Comanche.
F ML Corvidae. Crows. Jays, etc.
A IY
289. Pica pica hudsonica. American Magpie.
Occasionally straggles into Western Texas, in the mountains. (McCall,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1851,217, "Western Texas, lat. 59 degrees,
15 min., Nov.") Ridgway ("Birds of North and Middle America") includes Texas in the range of this species.
290. Cyanocitta cristata. Blue Jay.
Eastern section of the State. Very abundant in East-central Texas
(Bosque, Falls, McLennan, Navarro counties). ,; In Southwestern
Texas recorded from Leon Springs, San Antonio, Corpus Christi. According to Lloyd its western limit in the State "seems to be near the
mouth of the main Concho, where it is tolerably common" (The Auk,
IV, 290.) Eastland (Hasbrouck). Specimens from the coast regions
and San Antonio were formerly referred to the variety florincola.
While not typical cristata, Ridgway in "The Birds of North and Middle America" now refers to these under the head of that subspecies,
restricting florincola to the peninsula of Florida.
291. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata. Long-crested Jay.
Of tolerably common occurance in the Guadalupe and Davis Mountains (Oberholser, The Auk, XIX, p. 300.)
292. Aphelocoma woodhousei. Woodhouse Jay.
Trans-Pecos country, east to the Davis Mountains (Ridgway). Lloyd's
record of the occurence of this species in Tom Green and Concho
counties, where it "is resident wherever there is shin-oak, at the heads
of nearly all the creeks," refers to the species now known as A. texana
Ridgway.

THE

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293. Aphelocoma cyanotis. Blue-eared Jay.
Southern portion of the trans-Pecos region (Paisano, Brewster county,) across the Edwards Plateau to Kerr and Sonora counties.
(Ridgway.)
294. Aphelocoma texana. Texan Jay.
Southwestern Texas, from Concho and Kerr counties west to the Davis
Mountains (Alpine, Fort Davis, Paisano, etc. [Ridgway.]) In the two
weeks the writer and his assistants spent at Piasano in 1905, this was
the only species of Jay secured by us, although A. cyanotis is also
supposed to occur there. We found A texana nesting in scrub-oaks
in secluded canyons.
295. Aphelocoma sieberii couchii. Couch Jay.
Chisos Mountains, Brewster county. (Bailey.)
296. Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens. Rio Grande Green Jay.
Lower Rio Grande north as far as Laredo. Recorded from Brownsville, Hidalgo, Lomita, etc.
297. Corvus corax sinuatus. American Raven.
Western Texas, on the plains, east in winter to San Antonio
(Dresser). "At the mouth of Devils's River and at the head of the
Rio Grande, in Texas, immense numbers pass the winter and disperse again in the spring. In Western Texas its nest has been
taken by Mr. Lloyd." (Cooke, "Bird Migration in the Mississippi
Valley.")
298. Corvus cryptoleucus. White-necked Raven.
Abundant resident in Western Texas, especially on the southern plains
and west of the Pecos. In 1904, Mr. J. M. Carroll and the writer
found hundreds of nests in Midland, Pecos, Ward and Jeff Davis
counties. The birds were rather more abundant on the plains than
they were in the mountains. In 1905, we observed large numbers in
Brewster county. Not common on the northern plains (Panhandle)
as far as my observations go. "Resident as far east as Tom Green
and Concho counties where it is abundant at all times
The bulk retire in fall in large flocks down the Pecos and Devil's
Rivers, where they winter by thousands." (Lloyd.) Singley
mentions a colony on the military reservation at Rio Grande
City.

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299. Corvns brachyrhynchos. American Crow.
Eastern and coast prairie districts (Galveston, Navarro, and McLennan counties, etc.) Crows from Middle Texas are intermediate between this form and the subsperies hesperis, Ridgway
referring to the majority of Texas specimens under that name.
Resident.
300. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis. Western Crow.
The crows of Western and Southwestern Texas are referred to this
form by Ridgway. In the synonymy of hesperis, he includes the following records; San Antonio (Dresser), McClellan Creek (McCauley),
Concho county, breeding (Lloyd), Leon Springs, March, (Beckham),
Eastland County (Hasbrouck), Boerne (Brown).
301. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus. Pinon Jay: Blue Crow.
Recorded as tolerably common in the Guadalupe Mountains by Bailey
(See The Auk, 1902, XIX, 300, and North American Fauna, No. 25,
Biological Survey of Texas.)
F ML KTERIDAE. Blackbirds, Orioles, Etc
A IY
302. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Bobolink.
Migrant through Eastern and Middle Texas. Either rare in most
localities or else has been overlooked by the majority of the observers. Not uncommon in the vicinity of San Angelo in October (Lloyd). Rather rare migrant at Waco (October 2-5, April 30,
May 1-3.)
303. Molothrus ater. Cowbird.
Eastern and northern sections of the State, breeding south to Houston
(?) (Nehrling). Resident. Abundant winter resident from San Antonio southward. Ridgway refers to this species as breeding in the
vicinity of San Antonio but Attwater refers to it only as a winter bird.
304. Molothrus ater obscurus. Dwarf Cowbird.
Summer resident of the southern section of the State, west into the
trans-Pecos counties. North as far as Houston and San Antonio.
Ridgway records it from Lampasas county.
305. Callothrus robnstus. Red-eyed Cowbird.
Southern section of the State, breeding north to San Antonio. Summer resident.

THEBIRDSOFTEXAS

43

306. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus. Yellow-headed Blackbird.
Abundant migrant, through the greater portion of the State. Winter
resident in the Lower Rio Grande valley and certain portions of transPecos Texas. May breed in some localities, but I have no authentic
record of its nesting in the State.
307. Agelaius phoeniceus. Red-Winged Blackbird.
Abundant migrant and winter resident. Summer resident in Central
Texas (South to San Antonio [?]) breeding north to the northern
boundary.
308. Agelaius phoeniceus floridanus. Florida Red-wing.
Coast region south to Galveston, summer resident. I hardly think it
probable that these birds winter in their summer quarters but doubtless go further south into the Lower Rio Grande Valley.
309. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis. Northern Red-wing.
Ridgway records this subspecies from El Paso in February. (Probably based on skins in the National Museum.)
310. Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis. San Diego Red-wing.
According to Ridgway, this is the breeding Redwing of Western Texas,
from Langtry, Val Verde county, west in the trans-Pecos country to
El Paso. Southeastward in winter to Brownsville.
311. Agelaius phoeniceus richmondi. Vera Cruz Red-wing.
Coast region and Lower Rio Grande, from Velasco to Brownsville, resident (Ridgway).
312. Sturnella magna. Meadowlark.
Migrant and winter resident in Eastern Texas, apparently not very
common. Probably resident in the counties bordering on the State
of Louisiana. The literature in regard to the Texas meadowlarks is
in hopeless confusion. At Waco, Sturnella magna is a rare winter
visitor. Many of the Western Texas records of this species are based
on the Western Lark.
313. Sturnella magna hoopesi. Texas Meadowlark.
Rio Grande Valley from Brownsville west to El Paso, resident. North
in the coast region to Refugio and Calhoun counties, perhaps further.
314. Sturnella neglecta. Western Meadowlark.
Abundant winter resident throughout the State. Summer resident
from the wooded and coast prairie regions of Eastern and Southeastern
Texas, westward. Rather uncommon at Waco in summer but
abundant in the central prairie districts and on the plains.

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315. Icterus melanocephalus audubonii. Audubon's Oriole.
Lower Rio Grande, casually north to San Antonio, resident.
316. Icterus parisorum. Scott's Oriole.
Trans-Pecos region (El Paso: Pecos River [Ridgway]). Summer resident. Orioles supposed to be of this species were observed by our party in the Chisos Mountains in the early part of
May, 1905.
317. Icierus cucullatus sennettii. Sennett's Hooded Oriole.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties) northwest to
Laredo. Summer resident
318. Icterus spurius. Orchard Oriole.
Summer resident of the eastern half of the State, breeding from the
northern boundary south to the Rio Grande, west to San Angelo,
Laredo, etc. Mr. William Winston and the writer found 58 nests of
this species at Waco on the 21 day of May, 1897, nearly all of them
in mesquite trees. On another occasion I found a female incubating
her four eggs in an old mockingbird nest in a Bois d' Arc hedge. Her
own domicile had probably been destroyed by boys soon after its
completion and she was compelled to make shift.
319. Icterus galbula. Baltimore Oriole.
Eastern Texas, migrant, not common. Breeds in the extreme northeastern section of the State. At Waco an exceedingly rare migrant,
only five specimens being noted in twenty years. Cooke records it as
a migrant at Gainesville and Bonham.
320. Icterus bullockii. Bullock's Oriole.
Abundant summer resident of the western and southwestern sections
of the State. East to Refugio and San Antonio, breeding in both
localities. Rare spring visitor at Waco, not known to breed in the
vicinity. On the southern plains this is one of the most abundant
summer birds. Near Midland, we found six nests in one small grove of
fifteen trees. Nests were found in mesquite and cat-claw bushes only
a few feet from the ground and in some cases within a dozen feet of
an occupied nest of Swainson's Hawk.
321. Euphagus carolinus. Rusty Blackbird.
Winters on the eastern coast and in the interior districts of extreme
Eastern Texas. South to Harris county (Nehrling).

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45

322. Euphagus cyanocephalus. Brewer's Blackbird.
Middle, Western, and Southern Texas. Abundant winter resident
on the Lower Rio Grande, in the coast region north to Refugio and
Bee Counties, middle southern Texas in Bexar, Kerr and Kendall
counties, etc. Rather rare winter visitor at Waco. Breeds on the
southern plains and in the trans-Pecos districts where it is a permanent resident.
323. Quiscalus quiscula aeneus. Bronzed Grackle.
Abundant resident of Eastern, Northern and Central Texas, breeding
as far south as Bexar and Harris counties. West in winter to Tom
Green and Concho counties and south into the coast prairie region.
Rather rare resident of the Panhandle (Armstrong and Potter
counties, etc.)
324. Megaquiscalus major. Boat-tailed Grackle.
Coast region south to Houston and Galveston, (where it is said to
breed abundantly). Intergrading with M. m. macrourus (Ridgway).
325. Megaquiscalus major macrourus. Great-tailed Grackle.
Coast region from Corpus Christi southward, the Lower Rio Grande and
the southern district north to San Antonio, resident. Mr. Attwater
informed Mr. J. J. Carroll that he was positive that he. had observed
this species at Waco, but both Carroll and I were sceptical. In the
spring of 1904, Prade reported seeing a couple of specimens and in
1906 I had the pleasure of discovering a small flock in the Brazos
bottom. They were associated with Brewer's Blackbirds and Cowbirds. I presume that all of these were straggiers.
FAMILY FRINGILLIDAE. The Sparrows and Finches.
326. Carpodacus purpureus. Purple Finch.
Irregular winter visitor (Gainesville and Waco).
327. Carpodacus cassinii. Cassin's Purple Finch.
Straggles into Northeastern Texas during the winter months. Gainesville (Ragsdale).
328. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis. House Finch.
Western Texas—trans-Pecos region and southern plains, east to Fort
Clark. Resident.

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329. Loxia curvirostra minor. American Cross-bill.
In the winter of 1889-90, the late Chas. D. Oldright obtained specimens of this species at Waco (Recorded in the Ornithologist and
Ooligist for March, 1890). Prade also reports Cross-bills from
Waco.
330. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi. Mexican Cross-bill.
Bailey records this sub-species from the Chisos Mountains, probably
breeding.
331. Astragalinus tristis. American Goldfinch.
This Goldfinch straggles into Northeastern and extreme Eastern Texas
in winter (Gainesville, Tyler, Palestine, etc.)
332. Astragalinus tristis pallidus. Western Goldfinch.
Western half of the State in winter, resident through the season
East to Laredo, San Antonio and the vicinity of Corsicana.
333. Astragalinus psaltria. Arkansas Goldfinch.
Western Texas, east to the Angelo country. Recorded as a summer
resident of the trans-Pecos region, the southern plains and the San
Angelo district. Winters principally in the Rio Grande Valley.
334. Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus. Mexican Goldfinch.
Southern and Central Texas (Kinney, Mason, Eastland, Bexar and
Travis counties). Summer resident.
335. Astragalinus psaltria arizonae. Arizona Goldfinch.
This sub-species straggles east and southeastward during the migrations to the Rio Grande Valley (Lomita [Sennett] and San Antonio
[Attwater]).
336. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin.
Irregular winter visitor to the extreme eastern and northern Gulf coast
sections of the State.
337. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur.
Irregular winter visitor, straggling south into the central portion of the
State (Gainesville [Ragsdale] Navarro County, Nov.-Mar. [Ogilby]).
338. Calcarius pictus. Smith's Longspur.
Northern Texas in winter (Bonham, Gainesville).
339. Calcarius ornatus. Chestnut-collared Longspur.
South in winter to Central and Southern Texas (Waco, Gainesville,
Boerne, San Antonio).

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340. Rhynchophanes mccownii. McCown's Longspur.
South in winter through middle Texas to the Rio Grande (Laredo, Galveston, Gainesville, Waco, etc.)
341. Pooecetes gramineus. Vesper Sparrow.
This sub-species migrates through the extreme eastern section to the
Gulf coast counties where numbers spend the winter.
342. Pooecetes gramineus confinis. Western Vesper Sparrow.
This species winters throughout the State with the exception of the
extreme eastern and northern Gulf coast sections. Said to breed near
San Antonio and locally through Western Texas.
343. Passerculus sandvichensis savanna. Savannah Sparrow.
Winter resident in the extreme eastern section and on the Gulf
coast south to Corpus Christi.
334. Passerculus sandvichensis alaudinus. Western Savannah Sparrow.
Common winter resident, occurring throughout the State with the
possible exception of the extreme eastern counties. Both this and the
eastern form occur at Waco. The present sub-species is recorded
from various localities on the coast from Corpus Christi southward,
the Rio Grande counties, etc. Recorded as breeding near Houston
(Nehrling) and in Western Texas (Lloyd).
345. Centronyx bairdii. Baird's Sparrow.
Migrant through the central and western sections of the State, wintering in the trans-Pecos country. East to Gainesville. Recorded by
McCauley as breeding in Northern Texas (Canyon City).
346. Coturniculus savannarum bimaculatus. Western Grasshopper Sparrow.
Resident. Recorded as summer resident at Boerne, Gainsville, San
Angelo, Waco, San Antonio, in Navarro county and various localities
in Western Texas. Winters principally in the Rio Grande country.
347. Ammodramus henslowii. Henslow's Sparrow.
Rare winter visitor (Cook County [Ragsdale] Navarro County [Ogilby]).
348. Ammodramus leconteii. LeConte's Sparrow.
Common winter resident south to San Antonio and Corpus Christi.
Also recorded from Cooke, Navarro, Falls and McLennan counties.
349. Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni. Nelson's Sparrow.
Winter resident along the Gulf coast, south to Neuces Bay (Chapman).

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350. Ammodramus maratimus sennettii. Texas Seaside Sparrow.
Coast of Texas, probably resident. Recorded in summer from Galveston, Rockport, Tally's Island, Corpus Christi, Neuces Bay, Refugio
county, etc.
351. Ammodramus maratimus fisherii. Fisher's Seaside Sparrow.
Corpus Christi, one specimen (Chapman. As A. m. peninsulae Chapman. See Ridgway). Probably winters along the northern Gulf coast.
352. Chondestes grammacus. Lark Sparrow.
The eastern Lark Sparrow is recorded as a migrant at Bonham and
San Antonio. Winter birds from Waco are intermediate between this
and strigatus.
353. Chondestes grammacus strigatus. Western Lark Sparrow.
Abundant summer resident. Recorded as breeding from the Lower
Rio Grande north to Gainesville, and west through the Panhandle and
the more level districts of trans-Pecos Texas. We collected specimens
in the Davis Mountains during the breeding season. Winters principally in the southern section of the State.
354. Zonotrichia queruia. Harris's Sparrow.
Abundant winter resident of the middle districts, south to Bexar and
Kendall counties.
355. Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow.
Abundant winter resident, from the northern boundary south to the
Rio Grande country.
356. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambellii. Gambel's Sparrow.
Winter resident of the western half of the State, southeastward during
the migrations to the Rio Grande Valley. "Across the great Plains to
Eastern Texas" according to Ridgway, but I have never taken a specimen in Central Texas.
357. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.
Common winter resident from Northern Texas to the Rio Grande
country.
358. Spizella monticola ochracea. Western Tree Sparrow.
Winter resident. Recorded from Gainesville and Tom Green and
Concho counties.
359. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow.
Coast region of Eastern Texas in winter. South to the Lower Rio
Grande.

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360. Spizella socialis arizonae. Western Chipping Sparrow,
Migrant through the western half of the State. Winters in the Rio
Grande Valley. During the migrations east to Gainesville,Boerne, Waco,
etc. Recorded as a summer resident in Tom Green, Concho and
Bexar counties.
361. Spizella pallida. Clay-colored Sparrow.
Migrates southeastward to the Rio Grande Valley, where it is a common winter resident. Recorded as breeding in the Panhandle region,
"Red River Canyon, edge of the Staked Plains, Paloduro and Red River
Valley" (McCauley, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., Ill, 1877,
664.)
362. Spizella breweri. Brewer's Sparrow.
Migrant through Middle and Western Texas. East to Gainesville,
Boerne. Reported from El Paso and Tom Green and Concho counties
in winter.
363. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow.
Middle and Eastern Texas, summer resident from San Antonio northward. South In winter to the Gulf coast (Neuces, San Patricio, and
Refugio counties.)
364. Spizella pusilla arenacea. Western Field Sparrow.
Western Texas, east during the migrations to Boerne, Laredo and the
Angelo country. Winters in the Rio Grande region.
365. Spizella wortheni. Mexican Field Sparrow.
Western Texas (Sharpe. Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, 666.)
366. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco.
Winter resident of Eastern and Southern Texas, south to Bexar and
Harris counties, west to Tom Green and Concho counties.
367. Junco oreganus shufeldti. Shufeldt's Junco.
Recorded from Boerne, San Antonio, Gainesville and San Angelo in
winter.
368. Junco caniceps. Gray-headed Junco.
Winters in El Paso county. May breed in the Guadalupe Mountains ?
(Florence Merriam Bailey, Handbook of the Birds of the Western
United States.)
369. Junco montanus. Montana Junco.
According to Ridgway, this species occurs east to Middle Texas in
winter. The only authenic specimens that I have seen are two collected near Waco by Prade and now in my collection.

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370. Junco dorsalis. Red-backed Junco.
Fort Davis, winter resident (Lloyd). Occurs and probably breeds in
the Guadalupe Mountains (Bailey).
371. Amphispiza bilineata. Black-throated Sparrow.
Middle and Eastern Texas, except along the Gulf coast. Resident.
(Recorded from the Lower Rio Grande, San Antonio, Mason, Eastland
county, etc.).
372. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola. Desert Sparrow.
Trans-Pecos region, the southern plains and the Panhandle west of the
edge of the Staked Plains, summer resident. Winters in the southern
part of its breeding range.
373. Amphispiza belli nevadensis. Sage Sparrow.
Recorded from Fort Davis by Lloyd. Winter resident.
374. Aimophila aestivalis bachmanii. Bachman's Sparrow.
Open woodlands of Eastern and Middle Texas, very locally distributed.
Probably resident. Recorded from Cooke, Navarro, Tom Green and
Concho counties.
375. Aimophila botterii. Botteri's Sparrow.
Lower Rio Grande Valley (Fort Brown). Summer resident.
376. Aimophila cassinii. Cassin's Sparrow.
Texas, except the extreme eastern section, summer resident. The
writer has personally observed this species in McLennan, Falls, Robertson, Somervell, Armstrong, Potter, Midland, Burnet, Travis, Llano,
Bexar, Bee, Refugio and Matagorda counties, and in the country west
of the Pecos River.
377. Aimophila ruficeps scottii. Scott's Sparrow.
(Resident) in El Paso County (Ridgway). The same author states
that specimens from Presidio and Mitchell counties are intermediate
between this and eremoeca,
378. Aimophila ruficeps eremoeca. Rock Sparrow.
Limestone hill districts of Middle Texas, from Kinney and Maverick
counties on the Rio Grands, northeastward to Cooke county and westward at least to Tom Green county, south in winter to Mexico.
(Ridgway.) The writer has observed this species in Burnet and
Travis counties but never in the limestone districts of Coryell and Bosque counties.

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379. Melospiza cinerea melodia. Song Sparrow.
Eastern half of the State, south to the Rio Grande, winter resident.
West to Waco and San Antonio.
380. Melospiza cinerea montana. Mountain Song Sparrow.
The western section of the State in winter (Fort Clark, Fort Davis,
etc.) Recorded from Navarro county by Ogilby but his specimens
were probably not typical. Song sparrows from Waco are duller
colored and have smaller bills than eastern examples but I do not
believe that we get typical examples of montana this far east.
381. Melospiza lincolnii. Lincoln's Sparrow.
Abundant winter resident, recorded principally from the eastern half
of the State. (Recorded from San Antonio, Brownsville, Waco,
Gainesville, Dallas, etc).
382. Melospiza georgiana. Swamp Sparrow.
Winter resident, apparently not common or else it has been overlooked
by nearly all of the collectors. Recorded from San Antonio, San Angelo and (?) Fort Davis.
383. Passerella iliaca. Fox-colored Sparrow.
Common winter resident. Recorded from as far south as Bexar and
Kendall counties. Very common at Waco and in the more eastern
counties.
384. Arremonops rufivirgatus. Texas Sparrow.
Southern Texas, summer resident (Webb, Kinney, Starr, Zapata,
Cameron, Hidalgo, Neuces, San Patricio counties).
385. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Towee: Chewink.
Eastern and Central Texas, winter resident. Recorded from as far
south as San Antonio and west to San Angelo.
386. Pipilo maculatus arcticus. Arctic Towhee.
Winters through the middle district south to Bexar and Bandera counties and in the coast region (Corpus Christi). East to Waco.
387. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx. Spurred Towhee.
Western Texas, east in winter to Kendall county. A common summer resident of the trans-Pecos country.
388. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus. Canyon Towhee.
Western Texas—trans-Pecos region east to Tom Green county. Resident.

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389. Oreospiza chlorura. Green-tailed Towhee.
Western half of the State eastward during the migrations to the Lower Rio Grande, San Antonio, etc. Breeds in the trans-Pecos region.
Recorded from the Middle Concho and the east side of the Pecos,
probably breeding, by Lloyd.
390. Cardinalis cardinalis. Cardinal.
North-eastern Texas, resident.
391. Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus. Gray-tailed Cardinal.
Texas, except the western and northeastern parts, resident. Specimens from Waco come as near being "Gray-tailed Cardinals" as
specimens from Rockport, near the type locality, in the writer's
collection.
392. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata. Pyrrhuloxia.
Trans-Pecos region, resident. Recorded from El Paso by Ridgway.
The writer has specimens from the arid strip between Alpine and Elephant Mesa, Brewster county.
393. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata texana. Texan Pyrrhuloxia.
Sonthern Texas, north in the coast region to Refugio and Bee counties, in the interior to Bexar and Kendall counties, west to the Angelo
country and Pecos river.
394. Zamelodia ludoviciana. Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
Rare migrant. Recorded from San Antonio by Dresser and Attwater.
The writer has a male example in full plumage that was shot near
Waco by Earl T. Prade.
395. Zamelodia melanocephala. Black-headed Grosbeak.
Western Texas, east to Colorado City, San Saba, Mason, Tom Green and
Concho counties.
396. Guiraca coerulea. Blue Grosbeak.
Extreme eastern and northeastern Texas, summer resident.
397. Guriaca coerulea lazula. Western Blue Grosbeak.
Texas, except the extreme eastern and northeastern parts, summer
resident. (Gainesville, Waco, Austin, Burnet, Navaro county, San
Antonio, Fort Brown, Lomita, Hidalgo, Refugio, Laredo, Davis Mountains, etc.)
398. Cyanospiza cyanea. Indigo Bunting.
Common migrant through the eastern half of the State, west to Tom
Green county. Breeds in the northeastern section.

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399. Cyanospiza amoena. Lazuli Bunting.
Western Texas, migrant. Summer resident in the trans-Pecos country.
400. Cyanospiza versicolor. Varied Bunting.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties), summer resident.
401. Cyanopiza ciris. Painted Bunting.
Eastern, Central and Southern Texas, summer resident. Recorded
from the Lower Rio Grande, the Red River Valley in Northern Texas,
the eastern and central district, etc. Migrating westward over the
southern plains and through the trans-Pecos country.
402. Sporophila morrelleti. Morrelet's Seed-eater.
Lower Rio Grande (Cameron and Hidalgo counties), summer resident.
403. Spiza americana. Dickcissel.
Prairie districts of Eastern Texas from the northern boundary to the
Rio Grande. (Recorded as breeding in Cooke, Mc Lennan, Falls,
Bexar, Bee, Harris, Hidalgo counties.)
404. Calamospiza melancorys. Lark Bunting.
This species migrates through the middle and western districts and
coast region from Corpus Christi southward. East to Bonham and
Waco. Winters principally in the southern counties. ,. I have examples in full breeding plumage collected in the Davis Mountains and at
Midland in April and May. The Lark Bunting is probably a breeding
bird on the central plains and in the Panhandle. Recorded as a rare
summer resident at Mason.
405. Passer domesticus. House Sparrow.
This introduced species is now diffused over the entire State. I have
observed specimens at several small stations in the northern Panhandle, at Alpine, in Brewster county, and at Boracho, El Paso
county.
FAMILY Tanagridae. Tanagers.
406. Piranga ludoviciana. Louisiana Tanager.
Trans-Pecos region, summer resident. Lloyd records a single specimen shot on the south Concho. Breeds in the Transition Zone of both
the Davis and Guadalupe Mountains (Bailey).

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407. Piranga erythromelas. Scarlet Tanager.
Eastern half of the State, rather rare migrant. West to Eagle Pass
(Butcher). Moderately common migrant at Houston (Nehrling).
Rare at Waco (only observed twice in twenty years) and at San Antonio. Dresser's El Paso breeding record is ridiculous.
408. Piranga hepatica. Hepatic Tanager.
Trans-Pecos region, summer resident, breeding in the Davis, Chisos
and Guadalupe Mountains (Bailey).
409. Pirango rubra. Summer Tanager.
Eastern section of the State, summer resident, breeding from the
northern boundary south to the Lower Rio Grande, west to San Angelo, Laredo, etc. Authentic breeding records from Fort Brown,
Lomita, San Antonio, Refugio (Strecker), Gainesville, Mason, Houston,
Burnet (Strecker), etc.
410. Piranga rubra cooperi. Cooper's Tanager.
Trans-Pecos region, summer resident. We collected an interesting
series of these Tanagers in several localities in Brewster county, and I
observed numerous specimens in El Paso and Jeff Davis counties in
1904.
FAMILY Hirundinidae. Swallows.
411. Prognesubis. Purple Martin.
Summer resident, distributed over the entire State.
412. Petrochelidon lunifrons. Cliff Swallow.
The entire State, with the exception of the Upper Rio Grande Valley
from the mouth of the Pecos westward, summer resident. Especially
abundant in the canyons and breaks on the plains.
413. Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina. Lesser Cliff Swallow.
Upper Rio Grande Valley, from the mouth of the Pecos westward,
summer resident. Recorded from the Pecos River in Presidio county,
Brewster county (Paisano), and Val Verde county (Langtry). (Ridgway and Oberholser).
414. Hirundo erythrogastra. Barn Swallow.
Abundant migrant. Breeds locally (San Antonio, Boerne, Valentine
[Strecker], and Tyler [Strecker]).
415. Iridoprocne bicolor. Tree Swallow.
Common migrant. Winter resident in the coast region. Recorded as
a common summer resident at Corpus Christi by Hancock.

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416. Tachycineta thalassina lepida. Violet-green Swallow.
Western Texas, occurring as a fall migrant as far east as Concho
county (Lloyd). Probably breeds in the mountains in the transPecos country.
417. Riparia riparia. Bank Swallow.
Abundant migrant. Common summer resident, breeding in favorable
localities throughout the eastern, central and southern sections. In
Concho county recorded only as a migrant.
418. Stelgidopteryx serripenis. Rough-winged Swallow.
Abundant migrant. Summer resident, breeding locally.
FAMILY Ampelidae. Waxwings.
419. Ampelis cedrorum. Cedar Waxwing.
Abundant from October to May, distributed throughout the State.
Resident in some of the mountain ranges of the trans-Pecos region.
FAMILY Ptilogonatidae. The Silky Flycatchers.
420. Phainopepla nitens. Phainopepla.
Trans-Pecos region, summer resident, in winter east to Eagle Pass,
etc. My specimens are from the Davis Mountains (PaiSano, May.).
FAMILY Laniidae. Shrikes.
421. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides. White-rumped Shrike.
Abundant winter resident, occurring throughout the State. Breeds
locally in Eastern and Southeastern Texas. Common summer resident of the southern plains and trans-Pecos regions (Midland, Ector,
Ward, Reeves, Jeff Davis counties).
422. Lanius ludovicianus migrans. Migrant Shrike.
El Paso, February: Fort Clark, January (Ridway).
F ML Vireonidae. Vireos.
A IY
423. Vireosylva olivacea. Red-eyed Vireo.
Eastern Texas, summer resident in the wooded regions. West during
the the migrations to Tom Green and Concho counties.
424. Vireosylva flavoviridis. Yellow-green Vireo.
Accidental in Southern Texas (Fort Brown, one specimen, August 23,
1877, Dr. J. C. Merrill).

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425. Vireosylva gilva Warbling Vireo.
Eastern section of the State, summer resident, breeding south to San
Antonio (Dresser).
426. Vireosylva gilva swainsonii. Western Warbling Vireo.
Western Texas, east to Webb and Tom Green counties. Common in
the mountains of trans-Pecos Texas.
427. Lanivireo solitarius. Solitary Vireo.
Winter resident of Eastern and Southern Texas, south to the Lower
Rio Grande. Not common.
428. Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus. Plumbeous Vireo.
Tolerably common in the mountains of the trans-Pecos region. Summer resident.
429. Lanivireo flavifrons. Yellow-throated Vireo.
Eastern and Southeastern Texas, summer resident as far south as
Houston and San Antonio.
430. Vireo atricapillus. Black-capped Vireo.
Middle Texas, summer resident. Recorded from Cooke, Comanche,
Comal, Bexar, Medina, Erath, Bandera, Kendall, Concho, Tom Green,
Travis, and McLennan counties. El Paso and San Pedro River
(Baird).
431. Vireo noveboracensis. White-eyed Vireo.
Common resident of the eastern half of the State, west in fall to the
San Angelo country. Breeds south to Refugio, Bee, and Live Oak
counties, in this district intergrading with the next sub-species.
432. Vireo noveboracensis micros. Small White-eyed Vireo.
Rio Grande Valley (Cameron and Hidalgo counties to Kinney county)
(Ridgway ). Resident.
433. Vireo huttoni stephensi Stephen's Vireo.
Recorded from Fort Davis by Lloyd. The specimens were identified
by Ridgway. Probably winter birds.
434. Vireo bellii. Bell's Vireo.
Prairie districts of Eastern and Central Texas, west to the Angelo
country, south to the Rio Grande. Summer resident.
435. Vireo bellii medius. Texas Vireo.
Southwestern Texas, in Brewster, Presidio and Kinney counties. Type
from Boquillas, Brewster county. (Oberholser and Ridgway).

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436. Vireo bellii arizonae. Arizona Vireo.
El Paso and Fort Hancock (Ridgway).
437. Vireo vicinior. Gray Vireo.
Western Texas (A. 0. U. Check-List).
FAMILY MNIOTILTIDAE. Wood Warblers.
438. Mniotilta varia. Black-and-White Warbler.
Eastern Texas, abundant migrant; summer resident in the extreme
northeastern and eastern sections. A few probably spend the winter
in the Lower Rio Grande country.
439. Protonotaria citrea. Prothonotary Warbler.
Summer resident of Eastern Texas, breeding west to Navarro and McLennan and south to Harris and Fort Bend counties.
440. Helinaia swainsonii. Swainson's Warbler.
Rice, Navarro county, J. Douglas Ogilby (Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Ornith,
Club, VI, 1881, pp. 54-55) Port Bolivar, April 17, 1904 (Cooke, "Distribution and Migration of North American Warblers.") Probably stragglers.
441. Helmitheros vermivorus. Worm-eating Warbler.
Rather rare migrant in the eastern section. Said to breed in the
neighborhood of Houston (Nehrling) but I do not believe it.
442. Helminthophila pinus. Blue-winged Warbler.
Eastern Texas, migrant, apparently not very common. (Recorded
from Hidalgo, Corpus Christi, San Antonio, Waco.)
443. Helminthophila chrysoptera. Golden-winged Warbler.
Rather common migrant through the eastern part of the State.
444. Helminthophila rubricapilla. Nashville Warbler.
Eastern half of Texas, abundant migrant, recorded in nearly every
published list or report. West as far as San Angelo.
445. Helminthophila rubricapilla gutturalis. Calaveras Warbler.
Common migrant in the western half of the State. East to San Antonio, Concho county, etc.
446. Helminthophila celata. Orange-crowned Warbler.
Migrant through the eastern section, west to San Antonio. A few
winter on the Lower Rio Grande.

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447. Helminthophila celata lutescens. Lutescent Warbler.
Recorded from the Guadalupe Mountains, probably breeding, by
Bailey. I have examples collected in the Davis Mountains in the
early part of May.
448. Helminthophila peregrina. Tennessee Warbler.
Migrant through Eastern Texas, west to the Angelo country. A few
winter on the Lower Rio Grande.
449. Compsothlypis americana ramalinae. Western Parula Warbler.
Common summer resident of the eastern and southeastern sections.
Reported as breeding at Houston, Galveston, Leon Springs, San Antonio, in Lee and McLennan counties, etc.
450. Compsothlypis pitiayumi nigrilora. Sennett's Warbler.
Summer resident of the Lower Rio Grande counties (Cameron, Starr,
Hidalgo.) Not uncommon.
451. Dendroica aestiva. Yellow Warbler.
Summer resident in the eastern section of the State. Migrant south
of San Antonio.
452. Dendroica aestiva sonorana. Sonoran Yellow Warbler.
Western Texas (Frontera, Laredo, Fort Hancock), summer resident.
453. Dendroica coerulescens. Black-throated Blue Warbler.
Rather rare migrant through the eastern section (San Antonio, Waco,
etc.)
454. Dendroica coronata. Myrtle Warbler.
Abundant migrant. Winter resident from the northern boundary to
the Rio Grande country. I have one specimen from Paisano in the
Davis Mountains.
455. Dendroica audubonii. Audubon's Warbler.
Western Texas, common migrant. Recorded from as far east
as San Angelo. Probably breeds in the Guadalupe Mountains
(Bailey).
456. Dendroica magnolia. Magnolia Warbler.
Rather common migrant through the eastern section (San Antonio,
Waco, Fort Brown, etc.)
457. Dendroica caerulea. Cerulean Warbler.
Rare migrant through the eastern section of the State, west to the
Angelo country (Lloyd).

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458. Dendroica pensilvanica. Chestnut-sided Warbler.
Rare migrant. The only records I can find are from the Lower Rio
Grande (Hidalgo [Sennett], Fort Brown [Merrill]). Probably overlooked by some of the observers, but I am positive that it does not
occur in the vicinity of Waco.
459. Dendroica castanea. Bay-breasted Warbler.
Rather uncommon migrant in the eastern section (Houston, San Antonio, Waco, Fort Brown).
460. Dendroica fusca. Blackburnian Warbler.
This species migrates through the eastern half of the State, but is by
no means common (Boerne, Gainesville, Waco, Fort Brown).
461. Dendroica dominica albilora. Sycamore Warbler.
Eastern and Southeastern Texas, summer resident, not uncommon.
Recorded as breeding at San Antonio, near Houston, in Lee county,
etc.
462. Dendroica graciae. Grace's Warbler.
Recorded from the Guadalupe Mountains, El Paso county, probably
breeding (Bailey).
463. Dendroica chrysoparia. Golden-cheeked Warbler.
Central and Southern Texas, summer resident. Recorded from Bosque,
McLennan (one specimen), Comal, Kerr, Kendall, Tom Green, Concho,
etc., counties.
464. Dendroica striata. Black-poll Warbler.
Rare migrant in the eastern section (Fort Brown, Waco, etc.)
465. Dendroica virens. Black-throated Green Warbler.
The eastern and central portions of Texas, west to the Angelo country,
common migrant.
466. Dendroica townsendi. Townsend's Warbler.
, Not uncommon migrant through the western section. Reported as a
rare summer resident of Tom Green county by Lloyd.
467. Dendroica vigorsii. Pine WarbJer.
Eastern Texas, summer resident of the pine-woods district. West during the migrations to Lee county.
468. Dendroica discolor. Prairie Warbler.
Cooke ("Distribution and Migration of North American Warblers")
reports having examined a single example of this Warbler from Texas,
but fails to state specific locality.

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469. Seiurus aurocapillus. Ovenbird.
Migrant through the eastern half of the State, rather common. (Waco,
San Antonio, Giddings [Singley MSS.] Concho county, etc.)
470. Seiurus noveboracensis. Water Thrush.
Common migrant through the eastern section, west to San Antonio,
Waco, etc. Winter resident on the Lower Rio Grande. In mild
winters remaining in Central Texas through the season.
471. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis. GrinnelFs Water Thrush.
Migrant through Eastern and Southeastern Texas. (Hidalgo, San Antonio, etc.)
472. Seiurus motacilla. Louisiana Water Thrush.
Eastern Texas, common migrant, rare summer resident.
473. Oporornis formosa. Kentucky Warbler.
Summer resident, breeding locally as far south as Houston, west to Waco.
474. Oporornis Philadelphia. Mourning Warbler.
Common migrant through the eastern section.
475. Oporornis tolmei. Macgillivray's Warbler.
Abundant migrant in the western section, summer resident in the
trans-Pecos mountains. Straggling eastward during the migrations
to Gainesville, San Antonio.
476. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis. Western Yellow-throat.
Migrant through the western section, east to Waco, Gainesville, Giddings.
477. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla. Northern Yellow-throat.
Abundant migrant through the eastern and central sections. Summer resident, according to Cooke.
478. Chamaethlypis poliocephala. Ralph's Ground Chat.
A Mexican species found in summer in the vicinity of Brownsville,
Cameron county.
479. Icteria virens. Yellow-breasted Chat.
Eastern Texas, summer resident, breeding from the northern boundary
south to the Lower Rio Grande. West to Austin and Waco. At the
latter place it is an abundant migrant but is very rare during the
breeding season.
480. Icteria virens longicauda. Long-tailed Chat.
Western Texas, summer resident. (Breeding in Tom Green and Concho counties, etc.) East during the migrations through the Lower
Rio Grande.

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481. Wilsonia citrina. Hooded Warbler.
Eastern section of the State, common migrant, rare summer resident
482. Wilsonia pusilla. Wilson's Warbler.
Common migrant through the eastern section.
483. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata. Pileolated Warbler.
Guadalupe Mountains, probably breeding (Bailey). We observed a
small flock of these warblers in the Davis Mountains in the early part
of May and obtained two males.
484. Wilsonia canadensis. Canadian Warbler.
Eastern half of the State, migrant, not uncommon. (Houston, San
Antonio, Hidalgo, San Angelo, Fort Brown.) I have never observed a
specimen of this warbler in East-central Texas.
485. Setophaga ruticilla. American Redstart.
Common migrant through the eastern half of the State.
F ML Motacillidae.
A IY

Wagtails. Pipits, etc.

485. Anthus rubescens. American Pipit.
Abundant migrant and common winter resident, distributed over the
entire state.
487. Anthus spragueii. Sprague's Pipit: Missouri Skylark.
Migrant and winter resident, not as abundant as the last species.
Recorded from Cameron, Kendall, Tom Green, Concho, Harris, Bexar,
Neuces, and McLennan counties.
FAMILY Cinclidae. Dippers.
488. Cinclus mexicanus unicolor. American Dipper.
Recorded from western Texas by McCall (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., V. 1851, p. 216). Western Texas is also included in the range
of this species by Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America).
F ML Mimidae.
A IY

Mocking Thrushes.

489. Oroscoptes montanus. Sage Thrasher.
Western Texas, in summer to Tom Green and Concho counties: in
winter east to the eastern and coast sections. (Corpus Christi, Refugio, Waco, San Antonio, etc.)
490. Mimus polyglottos. Mockingbird.
Eastern and coast sections, south to Galveston, resident.

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491. Mimus polyglottos leucopterus. Western Mockingbird.
This subspecies is a resident of the entire State with the exception of
the extreme eastern section. Waco specimens are intermediate
between this and typical polyglottos.
492. Dumetella carolinensis. Catbird.
Eastern Texas, south along the coast to the Rio Grande. Vest to Waco
and San Antonio. Resident in some of the eastern counties, breeding
as far south as Houston (Nehrling). At Waco and San Antonio, migrant and irregular winter resident, not common.
493. Toxostoma rufum. Brown Thrasher.
Common migrant and winter resident in the extreme eastern section
of the State. South to Bexar and Harris counties. Rare winter resident in the vicinity of Waco.
494. Toxostoma longirostre sennettii. Sennett Thrasher.
Rio Grande Valley and southern Gulf coast of Texas. (Neuces, Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Webb, Zapata counties, occasionally along the
coast to Galveston [Ridgway.])
*
495. Toxostoma curvirostre. Curve-billed Thrasher.
Rio Grande Valley of Texas—Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Webb, Maver,
ick, south Gulf coast (Neuces, San Patricio and Refugio counties)westward along the Rio Grande through the trans-Pecos region to El
Paso.
496. Toxostoma crissale. Crissal Thrasher.
Deserts of Western Texas (Fort Hancock, Ysleta, Franklin Mountains
El Paso and Brewster counties, etc [Ridgway]).
F ML Troglodytidae. Wrens.
A IY
497. Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi. Texas Cactus Wren.
Rio Grande Valley, north to San Antonio, west across the southern
plains and trans-Pecos regions. Resident.
498. Salpinctes obsoletus. Rock Wren.
Western Texas, east to the central districts (Bexar, Travis, Kendall
counties). A coipmon bird in the trans-Pecos region and in the canyons on the plains. Summer resident, wintering in the Rio Grande
Valley and southward.
499. Catherpes mexicanus albifrons. Giraud's Canyon Wren.
Recorded from Langtry, Val Verde county, by Oberholser.

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500. Catherpes mexicanus polioptilus. Intermediate Canyon Wren.
Central and Central Southern Texas, west thryough the trans-Pecos
country and north through the Panhandle. In Central Texas recorded
from Bosque, Travis and Burnet counties, and from Kerr, Kendall and
Bexar in the more southern portion of the same region. Resident.
501. Thryothorus ludovicianus. Carolina Wren.
Eastern and Middle Texas (west to Val Verde and Tom Green counties). Replaced on the Lower Rio Grande by the Lomita Wren. Resident.
502. Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis. Lomita Wren.
Lower Rio Grande Valley (Lomita ranch, Hidalgo, Brownsville, Grancano [Ridgway]).
503. Thryomanes bewickii. Bewick's Wren.
Eastern and Central Texas (Waller, Brazos, Jefferson, Orange, Brazoria, etc., counties) in winter.
504. Thryomanes bewickii cryptus. Texan Wren.
Texas, except extreme western portion. Resident. Very abundant
in the southern and central sections of the State.
505. Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus. Desert Wren.
Extreme western portion of Texas, east to central parts in winter.
(Oberholser).
506. Troglodytes aedon. House Wren.
Eastern Texas in coast region, fall and winter (Neuces Bay, Dec;
Alice, Oct. 5,: Santa Rosa, Cameron county, Sept. 27 [Ridgway]).
507. Troglodytes aedon parkmanii. Western House Wren.
Abundant migrant. Winter resident in the southern section of the
State. May possibly breed in Northern Texas.
508. Nannus hiemalis. Winter Wren.
Rare winter visitor, occurring as far south as San Antonio.
509. Cistothorus stellaris. Short-billed Marsh Wren.
Rare migrant and winter resident, principally in the coast region.
Recorded from Lee county (Singley), San Antonio (Attwater), etc.
510. Telmatodytes palustris iliacus. Prairie Marsh Wren.
Fort Brown and Corpus Christi (Ridgway). Winter birds.
511. Telmatodytes palustris plesius. Western Marsh Wren.
Western and Central Texas, migrant and winter resident. (San Antonio [Attwater], Waco, etc.)

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512. Telmatodytes palustris thryophilus. Louisiana Marsh Wren.
Sabine, Texas, collection U. S. Nat. Museum (Oberholser, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, p. 149).
FAMILY Certhiidae. Creepers.
513. Certhia familiaris americana. Brown Creeper.
Winter resident in Eastern Texas, south to Bexar, Medina and Kendall
counties.
FAMILY Sittidae. Nuthatches.
514. Sitta carolinensiSv White-breasted Nuthatch.
Eastern Texas, west to Gainesville, resident. According to Beckham,
occurs south to San Antonio and Leon Springs. In the twenty years
the writer has lived at Waco, he has never observed a single specimen
of this species.
515. Sitta carofinensis nelsoni. Rocky Mountain Nuthatch.
Trans-Pecos region in the Davis, Cliisos and Guadalupe Mountains
(Bailey). East to Concho and Tom Green counties in winter (Lloyd.
As Sitta carolinensis aculeata).
516. Sitta canadensis. Red-breasted Nuthatch.
Irregular winter resident in Eastern and Southeastern Texas, south to
San Antonio. During severe winters this species is not uncommon in
the vicinity of Waco.
517. Sitta pusilla. Brown-headed Nuthatch.
Eastern Texas (Tyler, Jasper, Jefferson, Harris, Montgomery, Rockland
counties, etc.), resident.
518. Sitta pygmaea. Pygmy Nuthatch.
Common in the Guadalupe Mountains. Resident. (Oberholser, The
Auk, XIX, 1902, p. 301).
F ML Paridae. Titmice.
A IY
519. Baelophus bicolor. Tufted Titmouse.
Eastern section of Texas, south and west to Matagorda, Victoria and
Bexar counties. Resident. Rather common at Waco.
520. Baelophus atricristatus. Black-crested Titmouse.
Rio Grande Valley, from Brownsville west to El Paso. Very abundant
in the trans-Pecos country, resident.

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521. Baelophus atricristatus sennettii. Sennett's Titmouse.
Central Texas, east to the valley of the Brazos (Young county
to Harris county), south to Neuces and Bee counties, west to
Tom Green and Concho counties, north to Young county. (Ridgway.)
522. Baelophus inornatus griseus. Gray Titmouse.
Fairly common in the Guadalupe Mountains (Oberholser).
523. Penthestes carolinensis agilis. Texan Chickadee.
Eastern and Central Texas (south to Bee and Refugio counties, west
to Bexar, Kendall and eastern Comal counties).
524. Parus gambeli. Mountain Chickadee.
Guadalupe and Davis Mountains (Oberholser, The Auk, XIX, 1902,
301.)
525. Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi. Lloyd's Bush-Tit.
Guadalupe, Davis and Chisos Mountains (Bailey.)
526. Psaltriparus plumbeus. Lead-colored Bush-Tit.
Mountains of the trans-Pecos region. We collected examples of both
species of Bush-Tits in the Davis Mountains in April and May.
527. Auriparus flaviceps. Verdin.
Southern Texas, north to Bexar and Refugio counties, west to El Paso.
Summer resident at Refugio and San Antonio but probably winters on
the Lower Rio Grande.
FAMILY Sylviidae. Warblers, Kinglets, Gnatcatchers.
528. Regulus satrapa. Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Winter visitor, rather irregular in appearance, occurring south to
Houston and San Antonio. Severe winters a few remain at Waco
throughout the season.
529. Regulus calendula. Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Abundant migrant and winter resident, from the northern boundary
to the Rio Grande.
530. Polioptila caerulea. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.
Eastern half of the State, summer resident, breeding from the
northern boundary south to the Rio Grande.
531. Polioptila caerulea obscura. Western Gnatcatcher.
Trans-Pecos region, summer resident.

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532. Folioptila plumbea. Plumbeous Gnatcatcher.
Abundant summer resident of the high mountains of the trans-Pecos
region, east during the migrations to Rio Grande City (Oberholsen
Ridgway).
FAMILY Tardidae. Urashes, Bluebirds, etc.
533. Myadestes townsendii. Townsend's Solitaire.
Western Texas, resident, rare in summer. Reported as breeding at
Saragossa by Uoyd. Prade shot one example in the Davis Mountains
in the middle of May.
534. Hylocichk musteUna. Wood Thrush.
Eastern section of the State, summer resident. Reported as a migrant from most localities south 6f the northeastern corner. Rare
migrant at Waco.
535. Eylocichla fuscescens. Wilson's Thrush.
Migrant, not very common, through the eastern half of the Stata
536. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola. Willow Thrush.
Rare migrant The only authentic record I could find was the specimen from Cooke county (Gainesville) mentioned in Cook's "Bird Migration in the Mississippi Valley.*'
537. Hylocichla aliciae. Gray-cheeked Thrask
Migrant through the eastern half of the State. Rare at Gainesville (Ragsdaie), common at Sae Antonio (Attwater), rare at
Waco.
538. Hylorichla usttdatus swainsonii Olive-backed Thrush.
Migrant, not common Reported from Gainesvllle (Ragsdaie), Tom
Green county (Lloyd) and Waco.
539. HykcicMa guttata. Kadiak Dwarf Thrush.
Migrant througn the western half of the Stata Ridgway mentions
this thrush from the following localities: El Paso, Tom Green and
Concho counties, San Antonio, Leon Springs, Langtry, Mouth of the
Pecos.
546. Hylocichla guttata awhbeiiL Rocky Mountain Hermit Thrush.
Migrates through Western Texas as far east as San Antonio.
Bailey records it from the Guadalupe Mountains, probably breeding.

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541. Hylocichla guttata palksiL Hermit Thrush,
Migrant through the eastern half of Texas. Recorded from San Antonio, January to March; Corpus Christi, March; Leon Springs, March;
Gainesville, March; Fort Clark, December 27; Kendall county, March.
(Ridgway and Cooke). Observed by the writer in McLennan and
Falls counties in mild winters from the last of November to the middle
of March.
542. Planesticus migratorms. American Robin.
Abundant migrant and winter resident of the eastern half of the State,
west as far as Tom Green and Concho counties.
543. Planesticus migratorras propinpus. Western Robin.
Abundant migrant and winter resident of Western Texas, occurring
as far east as Kendall county. Guadalupe Mountains, probably breeding (Bailey). I have specimens of this sub-species that were shot at
Paisano as late as May 5, and am positive that others were seen later
in the month in the same vicinity544. Sialia sialis. Bluebird.
Eastern half of the State, west to Val Verde county and the edge of
the plains, resident, breeding locally from the northern border to the
Rio Grande.
545. Sialia mexicana bairdi. Chestnut-backed Bluebird.
Western Texas, east during the migrations to Kendall, Tom Green and
Concho counties. Breeds in the mountains of the trans-Pecos
region (Bailey).
546. Sialia arctica. Mountain Bluebird.
Migrant and winter resident in trans-Pecos section. During the migrations more or less irregularly over nearly die whole State (south to
Corpus Christi and Bonham.)

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Hypothetical List
1. (382.1) Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Swainson. Thick-billed Parrot.
May straggle across the Rio Grande River from Mexico. Has been collected in Arizona.
2. (420c) Chordeiles virginianus sennettii Coues. Sennett's Nighthawk.
Great Plains, south to Texas (A. 0. U. Check-List). No specific localities for this species.
3. (—) Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema Wagler. Mexican Horned Lark.
=Alauda minor Giraud. "Texas." Inhabits the southern portion of
the Mexican Plateau. Only three of Giraud's "Sixteen Species of Texas Birds" have ever been collected within the limits of Texan territory.
These are Icterus audubonii Giraud, Catherpes mexicanus albifrons
(Giraud) (=Certhia albifrons Giraud) and Astrag^linus psaltria mexicanus Swainson (=Fringilla texensis Giraud).
4. ([450]) Myiozetetes texensis Giraud. Giraud's Flycatcher.
=Muscicapa texensis Giraud. "Texas." Southern Mexico. A. 0. U.
Check-List on authority of Giraud's "Texas" specimen.
5. ([455]) Hyiarchus lawrenceii Giraud. Lawrence Flycatcher.
=Muscicapa lawrenceii Giraud. "Texas." Included in the North
American list on the above authority. An inhabitant of Eastern and
Southern Mexico.
6. ([470]) Empidonax fulvifrons Giraud. Fulvous Flycatcher.
=Muscicapa fulvifrons Giraud. "Texas." Probably mountains of
Northeastern Mexico (Ridgway).
7. (490) Corvus ossifragus Wilson. Fish Crow.
This species is resident on the coast of Louisana.
8. (541) Ammodramus princeps Maynard. Ipswich Sparrow.
Recorded from Dallas by Sennett (The Auk, III, 1886, p. 135). Probably an error, arising, as suggested by Cooke ("Bird Migration in the
Mississippi Valley, 1888, p. 188) from a transposition of labels.

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69

9. (565) Spizella atrigularis Cabanis. Black-chinned Sparrow.
North to the Upper Rio Grande in Texas. (Cooke, "Bird Migration in
the Mississippi Valley"). I can find no definite locality records for
this species, if it really occurs in Western Texas.
10. ([606]) Euphonia elegantissima Bonaparte. Blue-headed Euphonia.
=Pipra galericulata Giraud. "Texas." Inhabits Southern Mexico.
11. (650) Dendroica tigrina Gmelin. Cape May Warbler.
I can find no Texas records for this species.
12. (651) Peucedramus olivacea Giraud. Olive Warbler.
=Sylvia olivacea Giraud. "Texas." Highlands of Guatamala and
Mexico, north to mountains of Central Arizona.
13. (672) Dendrioca palmarum Gmelin. Palm Warbler.
This warbler winters in Louisiana and (probably) Eastern Texas.
14. (665) Dendroica nigrescens Townsend. Black-throated Gray Warbler.
=Sylvia halseii Giraud. "Texas." Western mountain States.
15. (688) Setophaga picta Swainson. Painted Redstart.
==Muscicapa leucosmus Giraud. "Texas." Higher mountains of
Northern Mexico and Southern and Central Arizona.
16. ([689]) Setophaga miniata Swainson. Red-bellied Redstart.
=Muscicapa derhamii Giraud. "Texas." Mexico.
17. (690) Cardellina rubrifrons Giraud. Red-faced Warbler.
=Muscicapa rubrifrons Giraud. "Texas." Higher mountains of
Northern Mexico, Southern Arizona, etc.
18. ([691 ]) Ergaticus ruber Swainson. Red Warbler.
=Parus leucotis Giraud. "Texas." An inhabitant of the highlands
of Mexico.
19. ([692]) Basileuterns culicivorus brasherii Giraud. Brasher's Warbler.
=Muscicapa brasierii Giraud. "Texas." Northeastern Mexico.
20. ([693]) Basileuterus bellii Giraud. Bell's Warbler.
=Muscicapa bellii Giraud. "Texas." Southeastern Mexico.

OMISSIONS
Page 24. (Bottom of page.) After ORDER CJolumbae add FAMILY CoIumMdae
Page 37. CUnder Tyrannus tyrannus.) Last sentence should read; "Ratheit common summer resident at Waco