1 ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Brittle Books Project, 2018.COPYRIGHT NOTIFICATION In Public Domain. Published prior to 1923. This digital copy was made from the printed version held by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It was made in compliance with copyright law. Prepared for the Brittle Books Project, Main Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by Northern Micrographics Brookhaven Bindery La Crosse, Wisconsin 2018 Sggj§S» irSSSSK ffl il^!#la wmm ssmsm MKafoft Ml4®!! sd - •» . .. • r, ■ i'1"1 Kb ■•%?,>> "I1.";^""'.J^i''' .I ;;■ '!•'£''3J ;• ."'-r .•;!;ii!/.':i '\i'j isj' i. "'' * * *4 -i* M + • • r, <>,!'. we !£58 . r-wt fir , V • \ ; (rWJ, >* W\ , •*£■ IK J,?!, .i'-t^ui-'' HS ittfisw! >' ■ • jlji'iiS l--^" j ii'.' 'r,-'." t »,., ,».« . * i*' f! ."fjil.'p?;!. piI'H! n, [n..... ,j „ , "r-KK y"v',v .fi} ■' liSilllii U-^!=I.':i">iij<"'i«{i W- 'i! 5K£-:'iJJ ■iilSiiHfei rfl'lifiiii f0i f: ,%>1: ifc?? OTiff? t; "»f«. /4R v.f,: 4g|| ® M> , - n * tyt; --T-:!tih* t'll "IIIIISi®! KHH vmsm V' /*'■ Wmmmmsm liiiilillill fJlai l*.!':Si«;!'.-. "pi'tyfi- ■&k fiftBSffl. ',},' •£'"! iftiyl?!? "«l41 '^jk& J£ i*i'3 V1 •r ip»l|f5S|: Mis bfcfetS: 'mmwmm THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY • - F\3 Belgian Ensign Dutch Ensign France British Ensign British Standard Norwegian Ensign Swedish Standard Danish Ensign German Ensign German Standard Portuguese Standard Spanish Ensign Spanish Standard Russian Ensign Russian Standard .nriminnr^ Turkey Greek Ensign Papal Standard Austrian Standard Persian Standard Chinese Standard Egypt Morocco American Flag (United States). Ecuador Venezuela U. S. of Colombia Mexico Bolivia Argentine Republic Brazilian Standard FLAGS OF VARIOUS NATIONS.UNITED STATES ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA Arms of various Nations. BELGIUM BRAZIL CANADA CHILI CHINA GREECE CUBA DENMARK EGYPT FRANCE GERMANY GREAT BRITAIN GUATEMALA HAWAIIAN ISLANDSArms of various Nations. COLOMBIA NETHERLANDS PERSIA u SAN SALVADOR SWEDEN LIBERIA NORWAY PERU SCOTLAND SWITZERLAND URUGUAY JAPAN MEXICO PARAGUAY TUSCANY TUNIS VENEZUELA SPAIN RUSSIA TURKEYINTERNATIONAL CODE INTERNATIONAL CODE Answering Assent-Yes N.York Canoe 7 (akulephe) — anettle; elSos (eidos) = form.] Re- sembling one of the Acalephae. (Gloss, to Owen's Led. on Invert. Animals. A cal y cine, a cal y cin ous (a-eal'y-cme, a-eal'j^in^ous), a. [a, priv.; calycine, fr. calyx (q. v.).J (Bot.) Destitute of a calyx. A cam a tos (a-eam'a-tos), a. [Gr. d priv.; k6hkvu> (kamnd) = to work one's self weary.] (Anat.) That disposition of a limb which is equally distant from flexion and distension.^ A can thi a (a-ean'thi-a), n. [Gr. aicavda (akan- tha) = a spine or thorn.] (Entom.) A genus of hemipterous insects. The species consist of bugs with spinous thoraxes, whence the generic name. A ca pel la, al la ca pel la (a'ca-per'ia, al'la- ea-p^Fla.) [Ital. a, alia =. . . according to; capella = chapel. As is done in the Sistine Chapel at Rome, viz.: without instrumental accompani- ment to the vocal music.] (Mus.) (a) In the church style; i. e., vocal music without instru- mental accompaniment. (b) Church music in a chapel time, i. e., two or four minims in each bar.—(Stainer and Barrett.) A car it es la-ear'it-eg), n. pl. (Entom.) In Cuvier's classification, a tribe of spiders, the second of the division, or sub-order Holetra. Ac eel er an do (ae-ceFer-an^do.) [Ital. J (Mus.) An accelerating of the time in a tune. It is oppo- sed to rallentando, the term for retarding it. Ac eel er a tor (ae-cel'er-a-tor), n. [Acceler- ate.] 1. {Anat.) Applied to a muscle, the con- traction of which accelerates the expulsion of the urine. S£. A cannon with several powder chambers, whose charges are exploded consecutively, in order to give a constantly increasing rate of pro- gression to the projectile as it passes along the bore. Ac cend ent es (ac'cend-ent'-'eg), n. pl. [Lat. accendentes, pl. of accendens, pr. par. of accend o— t to set on fire.] (Eccles.) An order of petty eccle- siastical functionaries in the Church of Rome, whose office is to light, snuff and trim the tapers. They are not very different from the acolytes. [Accensobes.] Ac cept ance (ae-cept'ance\ n. Syn.—Accept- ance, Acceptation. Acceptance is active, and de- notes the act or process of receiving. Acceptation is passive, and denotes the mode in which the thing or word is received. So acceptance precedes acceptation. The acceptance of a word would mean the recognition and reception of it into the vocabulary of a language; its acceptation would be its force and meaning after it had been so received.—(Fallows'' Synonyms Discrimi- nated.) Ac cep tive (ae-cep'tive), a. Ready to accept. " Tne people generally are very acceptive and apt to applaud any meritable work."—B. Jonson; The Case is Altered, ii. 7. Ac ces SO ry (ae-ces'so-ry), a. (Paint.) Per- taining to the unesserftial parts of a picture, introduced either for the purpose of illustrating the main subject, or for ornament's sake. (ZooQ Accessory cusps (in teeth): Those superadded to the more normal ones, and contributing to their efficiency. "The tooth of the fossil in question differs in the shape of the middle and in the 6ize of the accessory cusps—Owen: British Fossil Mammals (1846), p. 72. Ac ces sus (ac-ces'sus.) [Lat. accesstts.] A term in canon law, signifying a method of voting at the election of a pope, generally known as an election by acclamation. Ac ei dent al (ae'ci-dent^al), a. Syn.—Acci- dental, Incidental, Casual, Contingent. Accidental is opposed to whatever is designed or planned; incidental to what is premeditated; casual to what is constant and regular; conting- ent to what is definite and fixed. A meeting may be accidental, an expression, incidental, a look, expression, etc., casual, an expense or circum- stance, contingent. We do not expect what is accidental; we do not suspect or guard against what is incidental; we do not heed what is casual; we are not prepared for what is contin- gent. Many of the most fortunate and important occurrences of our lives are accidental; many remarks, seemingly incidental, do, in reality, con- ceal a settled intent; a. casual remark in the course of conversation will sometimes make a stronger impression on the ' minds of children than the most eloquent and impressive discourse or re- peated counsel; in the prosecution of any plan we ought to be prepared for the numerous contin- gencies which we may meet with to interfere with our arrangements.—(Fallows' Synonyms Discrim- inated.) Ac ci dent al (ae'ci-dentf'al), n. (Logic.) A property which is not essential; that is, one which may be dispensed with without greatly altering the character of that of which it is a property. Often in the plural. " Conceive as much as you can of the essentials of any subject before you consider its acciden- tals."—Watts: Logick. "This similitude consisteth partly in essen- tials, or the likeness of nature; partly in acciden- tals, or the likeness in figure or affections." —Pearson: The Creed, Art. I. Ac ci dent al i ty (ae/ci-dent-al^i-ty), n. The quality of being accidental. [Rare.] ". . . to take from history its accident- ality, and from science its fatalism."—Coleridge: Table Talk. Ac cys it er (ae-cys it-er), n. A bandage ap- plied over the nose; so called from its likeness to the claw of a hawk. (Dunglison.) Ac cli mate ment (ae-ell'mate-ment), ». Ac- climatisation. Ac com mo da ting ly (ac-eom'mo-da^ting-ly), adv. In an accommodating manner. Ac com mo da tion (ae-comino-da^tion), n. 1. (Theol.) Accommodation is used when the language of a prophecy is applied to an event which it typifies and illustrates without there being any intention of asserting that the event was designed as the direct fulfilment of the prediction. " . . . or rather, as the citation is only an accommodation of Jer. xxxi. 15, 'such another catastrophe took place as that recored by Jere- miah' .... "—Bloomfield' Gbreek Test, note to Matt. ii. 17. SJ. (Naut.) A light ladder fixed outside the vessel, and useful in aiding passengers to come Notation: a, 6,1, o, tt, y, long; a, $,1, 6, ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th&re, veil, term; pique, firm; ddne, f6r, dcpo0dTTjs (akro- bates), from d«po/3arc« (akrobateo) — to walk on tiptoe : aicpov (akron) = a point; 0aTea) [bated) = to tread; from 0ai'v back, and/cct)u.irr(u (kampto) — to bend. So called apparently from the reflexed edges of the pollen masses.] (Bot.) Richard's name for a genus of Orchidaceae containing the pyramidal orchis, A. pyramidalis, the O. pyramidalis of Linnaeus, and many modern writers. All a bro sis (a^a-brO^sis), n. [Gr. avafipu>c« (bibi-osko) =* to eat, fut. ppuxrofxat (brosomai).] A name used for a wasting away of the body. " Anabrosis is a consumption of the body by sharp humors."—Glossogr. Nova. An a camp te ri a (ana-camp-te^ri-a), n. pi. [Gr. avaKaiJUTTrjpioi> (anakampterion) = a place to walk backward and forward in.] Lodgings of those who fled to religious houses for sanctuary.J A11 a car di um (an'a-cftr'dl-um), n. [In Sp. anacardio; Port, anacardo; Gr ava (cma)=resem- blance, and /capSia (kardia) = heart. So called from the form of the nut.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, the type of the order Anacardiacefe (Ana- cards). It contains the Chasew-nut of commerce (A. occidentale), the clammy juice of which is used in India for varnishing. An a ca thar sis (an'-a-ea-thfir^sls), n. [Gr. = a clearing away: ava (ana) =-= up, and KaQapcris (katharsis) =» cleansing: KaOaipto (kathairo) =to make pure.] (Med.) Cleansing by an upward action; expectoration or vomiting. (Parr.) All a chron ic (an'a-chron'lc), a. [Gr. ava. (ana) = backward ; xP0VLK°s (chronikos) = of time; \povos (chronos) *= time.] Relating to or involving an anachronism. [Rare.] An a clas tic (an/a-cl&s//tie), a. Anaclastic glasses, n. [Called in Ger. vexier glaser, i. e., vex- ing glasses, from the disturbance produced by their resilience.] A kind of sonorous flat-bellied phials, shaped like inverted funnels, with bottom extremely thin, and slightly convex. When altern- ately filled with air, and exhausted by the mouth, they emit a considerable sound, produced by their thin bottoms assuming first a convex and then a concave form. They are made chiefly in Ger- many. An ses thet ic, An ses the tic (an'aes- th6t/;ic, an'aes-the^tic), a. [Gr. av(an). priv., and attr^rjTiKos (aisthetikos) = perceptive.] Pertain- ing to an anaesthetic; deadening or destroying consciousness. (See the noun.) An fes thet ics (an'aes-thfet^ics), n. pi. A class of medicines which, when inhaled in the form of vapor, destroy consciousnes for a time, and with it the sense of pain. Among the uses to which they are put are the alleviation of pain and spasm, the production of unconsciousness during surgical operations or parturition, and the procuring of sleep in delirium. "Since the introduction of ether and chloro- form as anaesthetics in the practice of surgery ... "—Todd & Bowman: Physiol. Anat.f vol. ii, p. 406. An a gram (an'a-gram), v. t. [From the sub- stantive. ] To construct an anagram by transpos- ing the letters of any particular word. [Rare.] ( Warburton.) An an drous (an-an'drotis), a. [Gr. avavSpos (anandros) = without a husband; avijp (aner). genit. avSpo? (andros) = a man, . . . a husband.] (Bot.) Pertaining to a flower which is destitute of stamens; as are the females of all monoecious and dioecious plants; for example, the willows. An a stat ic (an'a-stat^ie), a. [Gr. ava (nao) ~ to flow.] Not containing any liquid. (Used chiefly in the expression, "Aneroid barometer.11) Aneroid Barometer: A barometer not contain- ing a liquid, but constructed on a totally different principle from a mercurial barometer. Various forms of the instrument exist. One of these con- sist of a cylindrical metal box exhausted of air, and having its lid of thin corrugated metal. As the pressure increases, the lid, which is highly elastic, and has a spring inside, is forced inward; whilst, again, as it diminishes, it is forced out- ward. Delicate multiplying levers then transmit these motions to an index which moves on a scale, and is graduated empirically by a mercurial barometer. It is wonderfully delicate, but is apt to get out of order, particularly when it has been exposed to great variations of pressure. From its portability it is much used for determining the heights of mountains. (GanoVs Physics, 3d ed., 1868, pp. 130-1.) Allies (ane§), (often pronounced €ns\ adv. [A. S. anes, genit. m. and n. of an, ce» = ( 1) one, (2) single, sole, another; cene, ceene =*=once, at once.] 1. At one time, at once; once. (Scotch.) " I downa take muckle siller at anes . . ."— Scott: Antiquary, ch. xii. 2. Only, solely. An frac tu ose (ftn-frSe'tQ-ose), a. [From Lat. anfractus = winding, crooked.] Anfractuous. "Behind the drum are several vaults and an- fractuose cavities in the ear-bone, so to intend the least sound imaginable, that the sense might be affected with it; as we see in subterraneous caves and vaults how the sound is redoubled."—Ray. An gel (an'gel), n. Angel-water. A scented water prepared in Portugal. It consists of rose, orange blossom, and myrtle water commingled together, and additionally perfumed with musk and ambergris.—Angel-welcome. A welcome by angels. (Bowring.)—Angel-wing. The wing of an angel. " Subjected to his service, angel-wings And flaming ministers, to watch and tend Their earthly charge."—Milton: P. L., bk. ix. An gel ic (an-gSrie), a. [From Eng., etc., an- gelica.'] Pertaining to the Angelica plant. An gi o carp ous (an'gl-o-c&rp^otis), a. [Gr. ayytlov (angeion) =-= a vessel, a pail, a receptacle; from ayyos (angos) = a vessel, a jar, and /cap7ros (Jcarpos) = fruit.] (Bot.) With fruit seated in an envelope not constituting part of the calyx. An gi OS po rous (anyg!-<3sy/po-rous), a. [Gr. ayyelov (angeion) — a vessel, and a-nopo? (sporos) *= a seed, a spore; aneipui (speird) = to sow.] (Bot.) Having the spores enclosed in a hollow shell or bag: e. g., Lycoperdon. An gle-meter (an//gle-me/ter), n. [Lat. angulus, and Gr. fierpov (metron) = a measure.] An in- strument used by geologists to measure the dip of strata, the angle of joint-planes, etc. (Brande.) An gli can ism (an'gli-ean-ism), n. [In Fr. Anglicanisme.] Admiration of England leading to efforts to copy its institutions. An gli ci ty (an'gli-Qj-fy), v. t. [Anglici, genit. sing, or nomin. pi. of Lat. Anglicus; suff. -fy, from facio = to make.] To make English; to Anglicise. An glo (an'glo), In compos. = English, but properly implying that the word combined with it is the more emphatic one, though this rule is not always observed. Among the numerous com- pounds which it forms are the following:—Anglo- Danish. Relating at once to the Danes and the English. " His excellent and large collection of Anglo- Saxon and Anglo-Danish coins."—Wotton: Views of Hickes^s Thesaurus, p. 82. Anglo-German. Pertaining at once to the Ger- mans and the English. " . . . if the Anglo-German league assumed an organized form."—Froude: Hist. Eng., pt. i, vol. iii, ch. xvii. Anglo-Imioerial. Pertaining at once to an empire (not the British one), and to England or the English. " . . . would put a final end to Anglo-Imperial trifling."—Froude: Hist, of England, pt. i, vol. iii, ch. xvii. An gos tur in (an'gds-tur^In), n. (Chem.) A principle extracted from the Angostura bark. Ail go ra (an-go'ra), n. [The name of a vilayet* in Asiatic Turkey.] A stuff made from the wool of the Angora-goat. An gu lar (.an'gu-lar), a. (Fig.) Too little disposed to make concessions toothers, and therefore excit- ing or tending to excite opposition to itself which a more conciliatory course of conduct would have prevented from arising.—Angle of angular motion or Angle of rotation. (Mecli.) The angle made by the two directions before and after the turning of a line perpendicular to an axis.—Angular velo- city. (Mech.) Is the absolute velocity of a body moving round a fixed axis at a certain unit of dis- tance.—Angular motion of the sun is a calculated movement of the luminary through space, which in 1783 made Sir William Herschel propound the hypothesis that the luminary was in progress towards the star A Herculis. The angular motion of the stars is a minute deviation from their rela- tive places of several "fixed" stars, as the two stars of 61 Cygni, e Indi, fj, Cassiopeise, and many others. (Herschel: Astron., § 852-4.) An gu lo (an'gu-lo). In compos. Having an angle.—Angulo-dentate. [Lat. angulus = an angle, and denSy genit. dentis — a tooth.] (Bot.) An- gular and toothed, angularly toothed. (Loudon: Cyclo. of Plants, 1829, Gloss.) An gu lorn et er (an/gu-16m//St-er), n. [Lat. angulus => an angle, and Gr. perpov (metron) = measure.] An instrument designed for measur- ing angles. The more common term is Angle- meter, and in the case of crystals, in mineralogy, Goniometer is employed. An i mal (an i-mal,) n. Animal flower: A name often given to those radiated animals which have their tentacles in rows around their mouths, not unlike the petals of a double flower. The term has been applied specially to various species of the genus Actinia, which have been called, from their fancied resemblance to particular flowers, Sea Anemones, or fixed Sea-nettles.— Animal oat: An oat (Avena sterilis) which has a beard so hygrometric that, when the seeds fall off", it twists itself and moves spontaneously, when certain al- terations in the weather occur. At such times it resembles a strangely-shaped insect crawling on the ground, whence its English name of Animal Oat. It is sometimes grown as an object of curi- osity.—Animal spirits: Nervous or vital energy, the gaiety and capability for action which arise from the possession of a sanguine temperament and a healthy physical organization. An i mal cu la (an'i-maFea-la), n. pi. [The neut. pi. of Lat. animalculum, but not classic; compounded of animal, and the termination culum, signifying little.] Minute animals. Sometimes the word animalcula is mistaken by incorrect writers for a Latin noun of the first declension, and receives at their hands a plural animalculce. Such an error should be carefully avoided. An im ine (&n-im-Ine), n. (Chem.) An organic base obtained from bone oil. It has not been prepared pure. An im isni (an'im-ism), n. [From Lat. anima = the principle of animal life.] [Animus.] The doctrine that the phenomena of life in animals is caused by the presence of a soul or spirit; and that the functions of plants are carried out by the principle of life, and not by any chemical or ma- terial causes. (Webster.) An im us (an'im-tis), n. [Lat. = the spiritual and rational soul in man; opposed to anima = (1) the principle of animal life, (2) the will, purpose, (3) the affections, the inclinations, the passions.] Intention; inclination; purpose, especially of a hostile character founded on the presence of animosity in the heart. " The lightest of these charges were symptoms of an animus which the Crown prosecutors would regard as treasonable."—Froude: Hist. Eng., vol. iii, ch. xiv. "During the last eighteen months there had been a curious animus in certain quarters against the subject races of the Porte."—Mr. Trevelyan^ 31.P.: Times, Feb. 2, 1878. An ker (an ker), n. [In Dut., Ger., & Dan., anker; Sw. ankare.] 1. A Dutch measure for liquids, holding about eleven gallons. Ann (ami), n. Same as Annat. (Scotch.) An na (an'na), n. [Mahratta anna; Bengali and Sansc. ana.] An imaginary coin used in calcula- tions in India. It is the sixteenth part of a rupee, is in value about three cents American money, and is estimated to contain four pice. An ileal (an-neal ), v. t. 1. To temper by cold. (Shenstone.) 2. To bake. (Used of tiles.) 3. Figuratively: To temper the character by the heat of suffering or trial, so as to enable it to endure more without being shattered. "The mind to strengthen and anneal, While on the stithy glows the steel." Scott: Rokeby, i, 31. An nex ion ist (an-n6x;ion-Ist), a. Tending to annexation. "... with the mysterious neutrality of Germany on one, and the annexionist inclinations of Italy on the other side . . ."—London Times, Nov. 13, 1876. An no ta tion ist (an/no-ta//tion-ist\ n. One who makes comments; an annotator. [Rare.] "... Mr. Mede hath with far more clear- ness shewn, than the annotationists of the new way have discovered."—Worthington: Miscell. p. 58. An not i no\is (an-nSt'I-nous), a. [Lat. annoti- nus = of a year old; from annus — a year. (Bot.) Yearly, annual, having the growth of a year. An nu al ist (an'nu-al-ist), n. One who edits or writes in an annual. An nu lar ian;nu-)ar), a. An annular eclipse of the sun is an eclipse in which the whole of the moon is seen upon the sun's disc. The moon, however, in certain positions being too small to cover the disc, the sun appears in a form more or less resembling a ring. At other times the moon is so situated as to be able to produce a total eclipse of the greater luminary. Ajm nu lar ly (anynii-lar-ly), adv. In the form of a ring. An nu late, an nu la ted (an'nti-late, ftn^nti- la'tdd), a. 1. (Zo6l.) PertainiDg to the class Annulata, Cuvier's Annelida, or, like them, hav- ing the body formed of a series of rings. 2. (Bot.) Ringed, surrounded by elevated or depressed bands; as the roots of some plants or the cupulse of several oaks. (Lindley.) 3. (Her.) Having a ring or annulet. (Used specially of a cross with its extremities thus fretted.) An nun ci a tor y (an-ntin'cl-a-tor-5*), a. Con- taining an announcement; giving public notice. A l^o a (a-no'a), n. [A name found in the MSS. of Governor Loten.] (Zo6l.) A sub-genus of ruminating animals provisionally placed by Col. • Hamilton Smith under Antilope. The typical species is the A. depressicornis, a quadruped re- sembling a small buffalo, found gregariously in the mountains of the island of Celebes. An o don (a^o-ddn), n. [Gr. avoSovv (anodoun)% neut. sing, and avohovra (anodonta), neut. plur. of avo8ov . . . the style which belongs to the Roman or Ante-Gothic architecture. . . Longfellow: Jntrod., Skeleton in Armour. An te pone (an te-p£jne), v. t. [In Sp. ante- poner; Ital. anteporre — to prefer. From Lat. antepono; ante — before, and pono = to put or place.] To place one thing before another; to prefer one thing before another. [Obs.] (Bailey.) An te port (An'te-pOrt), n. [Lat. ante = be- fore, and port-am, accus. of porta = a city gate, a gate.] A gate in advance of a gate; namely, an outer gate. (Todd.) An te ri ©r ly (an-te'ri-or-ly)* adv. In an an- terior situation. 44 Anteriorly the presphenoid narrows to a sharp vertical edge."—Flower: Osteol. of the Mammalia, (1870), p. 128. An the li on (an-theTi-on), n. [Gr. avdri\io (helisso) — to turn round or about; eiAeco (eileo), eiAu> (eilo) to roll up.] (Anat.) The curved elevation withm the helix or rim of the external portion of the ear. It surrounds the concha or central cup. Above it bifiurcates so as to in^ude a fossa. (Todd 6b Bowman.) An ther ©id (dn'ther-oid), a. [Eng. anther, and Gr. elSos (eidos) =■ appearance. J Presenting the appearance of an anther. 44. . . and with the Algae, etc., by the loco- motive power of the antherozooids.''''—Darwin : Descent of Man, pt. ii, chap. viii. An the sis (an-the'sis), n. [Gr. olvOtjo-is (anthesis), the same as avdrj (anthe) = a blossom.] (Bot.) The time when a flower opens. (Lindley.) An tho carp ©us (an'tho-cftrp^otis), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to the order of fruits called Antho- carpi. An thra cite (an'thra-^lte), n. Free-burning anthracite: A variety of anthracite intermediate between the typical kind and bituminous coal. An thr© p© log i cal (an'thro-pd-ldg^i-cal), a. [In Ger. anthropologisch; from Gr. avOpuinoKoyog (anthropologos) -= speaking or treating of *man.] Pertaining to the science of anthropology; formed for the study of anthropology, as the Anthropolo- gical Society of London, a society formally in- augurated on the 22nd of January, 1873. An thro pom e try (an'thro-pdm^e-try), n. [Gr. avQp on the opposite side of, and Y0wy (chthon) = country.] One of the Antipodes. (Bp. Hall: Works, v, 478. An ti d©te (an'ti-dote), v. t. [From the substan- tive.] To give as a remedy against poison. [Obs.] An ti-m©r al ism (an'ti-mdr^al-ism), n. [Gr. avrL (anti) = against, and Eng. moralism.] Op- position to morals. (Coleridge.) An tin ©m y (an-tin'om-^), n. 1. A contradic- tion between the Code and Pandects of Justinian. ". . . and the antinomies or contradictions of the Code and Pandects, still exercise the patience and subtlety of modern civilians." Gibbon: De- cline and Fall, ch. xliv. 41 The antinomies or opposite laws of the Code and Pandects are sometimes the cause, and often the excuse, of the glorious uncertainty of the civil law."—Ibid., Note. 2. (Phil.) In the Critical Philosophy of Kant, the self-contradiction into which, as he believes, reason falls when it attempts to conceive the com- plex external phenomena of nature as a cosmos or world. An tin © US (an-tln'o-us), n. [Lat. Antinous; Gr. 'AmVoos (Antinoos). (See Def. 1.).] (Class Myth.) (a). One of the suitors of Penelope, Ulysses' queen. (b). A beautiful Bithynian youth, a favorite of the Emperor Adrian. He was drowned in the Nile. An ti py ret ic (an'ti-py-rSt^Ic), n. [Gr. avri (anti) =against, and Eng. pyretic. From Gr. ttuperos (puretos) = (1) fiery heat, (2) fever; irvp (pur) = fire. In Port, antipyretico.'] Deemed of use against fever. An ti py ret ic (an'ti-py-rSt^Ic). A medicine given against fever. (Glossog. Nov., 2nd ed.) An tit ra gus (an-titfra-gus), n. [Gr. avri (anti) = opposite to, and Lat. tragus, Gr. rpayos (tragos).] [Tragus.] (Anat.) A portion of the external ear opposite the tragus and beneath the concha. 44 Opposite this [the tragus], behind and below the concha, is iiieantitragus."—Todd & Bowman: Physiol. Anat., vol. ii, p. 66. An ti ty pons (an/ti-ty//pous), a. The same as Antitypical. Ant li on (anf'll'on), n. (Entom.) The En- glish name of a genus of insects. It belongs to the order Neuroptera, and has gauzy wings like a dragon-fly, from which, however, it may be at once distinguished by having longer antennae. The species are called Ant- lions from the extraordinary habits of their larvae, which construct a funnel-shaped pitfall in the snady or dusty ground, at the bottom of which they bury themselves all but their antennae. When ants or other insects are hurry- ing along they are apt to miss their balance and tumble into the pitfalls, where they are at once devoured. All tre (an'tre), n. [Fr. antre; Lat. antrum = a cave.] A cave, a cavern, a den. [Obs.] 44 With all my travel's history, Wherein of antres vast, and deserts idle, It was my bent to speak." Shak.: Othello, i, 3. A ny how (6n'y-how), adv. [Eng. any; how.J At any rate, any way, some way or other, in any case. [Colloq.] A ny where (Sn'y-where), adv. [Eng. any and where.] In any place. (Locke.) A ny while (6n'y-while), adv. [Eng. any and while.] Any time; for any length of time. 44. . . and calling unto him the centurion, he asked him whether he had been any while dead." —Mark xv, 44. A ny wliith er (Sn^y-whith'er), adv. [Eng. any and whither.] To any place. 44 This [profit] is the bait, by which you may inveigle most men any-whither.'1''—Barrow : Works, i, 9. Ap a g©g i cal (ap'a-gog^i-cal), a. Pertaining to apagoge. An apagogical demonstration is a demonstration of the truth of a proposition by proving the absurdity in which one is landed who proceeds on the supposition of its being incorrect. Its more usual name is a reductio ad absurdum. (Dyche.) A-P a# y nous (ap-ag'y-notis), a. [Gr. ana^ (hapax) = once, and ywr\ (gune) = a woman.] (Bot.) Applied to plants fructifying but once; monocarpic. A pat el ite (a-pat761-lte), n. (Min.) A yellow mineral resembling Copiapite, found in small friable nodules or balls at Mendon and Auteuil. Composition : Sulphuric acid, 42'90 ; sesquioxide of iron, 55*30; water, 3'96 = 100.16. Ape (ape), n. Sea Ape: (Ichth.) A species of Shark, the Alopias vulpes. It is called in English by several names, the Thresher, the Fox-shark, and the Sea-fox. A pel lous (a-pgl'lous), a. [Gr. a, priv., and Lat. pellis =skin.] Without skin. (Brande.) A pliitl i an (a-phid'i-an). a. [Mod. Lat. aphis, genit. aphipis = a plant-louse.] Relating to an aphis, or plant-louse. 44 . . . the acquisition of the distinct sexes, and the procreation by impregnated ova by the perfect Medusae, are phenomena essentially analogous to those of Aphidian generation."— Owen: Invertebrate Amiri., Lect. xviii. A phid. i an (a-phid'i-an\ n. (Entom.) An insect of the tribe Aphidii, the family Aphidse, or the genus Aphis. Aph or is mat ic, aph or is mic (aph'or- i§-mat//ie, aph'or-is^mic), a. [Eng. aphorism; -atic; -ic.] Relating to an aphorism or aphor- isms; containg an aphorism. (Ogilvie.) A pi a ri an (a'pi-a^ri-an), a. [From Lat. apiarius = relating to bees, and suff. -an.] Per- taining to bees. (Jardine.) Ap i cal (ap'i-eal), a. [From Lat. apex, genit. apicis = the tip or top.] Pertaining to the tip, top, or vertex of a cone, a triangle, a leaf, etc. A pit pat (a-pifpat), adv. [Eng. a; pit; pat. A word the sound of which is designed to imitate the movement or action which it describes.] Palpitating, or palpitatingly; beating with more than average force. Applied to the heart; more usually in the form Pit-a-pat. 44 O there he comes—Welcome, my bully, my back ! . . . my heart has gone a-pit-pat for you."—Congreve. Ap lome (ap'lome), n. [In Ger. aplome; from Gr. ttTrAo? (lmplos) = simple. The name was given by Hatiy because a cube is simpler than a dodeca- hedron. (See def.).] (Min.) A mineral; a variety of Manganesiam Lime, Iron Garnet. It is usually of a deep-brown or orange-brown color. It is opaque. It is harder than quartz. A p©c op e (a-p6c'op-fc), n. [In Fr., Sp., & Lat. apocope; Gr. inoKoirrj (apokope) = a cutting off; Notation: a, 6,1,0, n, y, long; a, 6,1, <5, ti, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; there, v§il, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, foods foot; fdrl, r\ide, push; e, i, o, silent; 5 as s; §h as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; 3 as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, link; tti as in thine. On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, net contained in the original Webster.APOCEYPHA 13 APYRETIC aiTOKOTTTUi (apokopto) — to cut off.] (Surg.) The cutting away of any soft part of the body. (Parr.) A poc ry pha (a-poe'ry-pha), n. 1. Any pro- ductions of similar character to the apocryphal books of the Old Testament. Writing regarding gospels of this nature, Strauss says— " In several apocryphas . . ."—Strauss; Life of Jesus (Transl.), vol. i, (1846), p. 209. 2. (Fig.) Untrustworthy statement, myth, fable. "Every account of the habits of a wild'animal obtained at second-hand from the reports of aborigines has its proportion of ajwcrypha.'1'1— Owen: Classif. of Mammal.) p. 91. A poc ry phal ist (a-poc'rj'-phal-ist), n. An admirer of the Apocrypha, a defender of the Apocrypha; (Penny Cyclop.) Ap o cryph ic al (ap o-cryph' ie-al), a. The same as Apocryphal. [ Obs. ] " . . . betook themselves to certain apocry- phical and ridiculous stories, as Charles the Great observed."—Bp. Bull: Corrupt, of the Church of Rome. > A pod y te ri um (a-pdd'y-t^'ri-um),n. [Lat. apoditerium; Gr. dirohvTripLov (apoduterion)] from aTToSvaj (apoduo)—to strip off: airo (apt>), priv., and 5uu> (duo) = to get into.] (Classical antiq.\ A room where one stripped before going into the bath. " Going out of the convocation-house into the apodytcrium . . —Life of A. Wood, p. 364. Ap o iep sy, ap o lep His (ap^o-lep sy, ap'o- lep 'sis), n. [Gr. a7r6ATj>//cs (apolepsis) = (1) a taking back, a recovery; (2) an intercepting, a cutting off; from airokaftjidvio (apolambano) = fut. a7roA.7j(|/o/u.ac (apolepsomai) = to take or re- ceive from; ano (apo) = from. and Aaixfidvu) (lam- bano) — to take. Or airo (apo) ~ from, and (lepsis) = a taking hold; from Aa/u./3ayw (lambano).] (Old Med.) An obstruction of the blood; a reten- tion or suppression of urine or any other natural evacuation. [Obs.] u Apolepsy (Gr.) The interception of blood and animal spirits."—Glossog. Nov., 2d ed. Ap o neur ©g ra phy (ap'o-neftr-dg^ra-phy), n. [Gr. aTrovevpuHTLs (aponeurosis), and ypa-q {graplic) — a delineation, . . . a description.] [Aponeurosis.] (Med.) The department of medical science which treats of aponeurosis. Aj> oph theg mat ic, ap opti theg mat- 1C al (Ap oph-theg-m&t^ie, ap'oph-theg-mat^ic- al), ti. [Gr. airo<})dey/Mart/cos (apophthegmatikos).] Sententious. A po ri a (a-pO'ri-a), n. [Lat. aporia; Gr. anopia. (aporia) = being "without passage," involved in difficulty; a7ropos (aporos) = without passage, difficult: a, priv., and iropos (poros) — means of passing, ... a pathway.] 1. (Rhet.) Per- plexity, real or affected, on the part of a speaker as to what to choose from the great abundance of matter lying ready to his hand. Specially per- plexity where to begin, where to end, what to say, and what, though well worthy of being stated, to pass by. Aporia is used also for the real or affected perplexity felt by a speaker in coming to a decision on points of difficulty in connection with which there are various ways open to choose. The following sentence, quoted from Cicero in Smith's Rhetoric, is an excellent example of an aporia: "Thus Cicero says, Whether he took Ihem from his fellows more impudently, gave them to a harlot more lasciviously, removed them from the Roman people more wickedly, or altered them more presumptuously, I cannot well de- clare." (Smithes Rhetoric.) "Z. (Med.) Restlessness; uneasiness occasioned by obstructed perspiration, or any stoppage of the natural secretions. (Parr.) A pos tie (a-pds'sl), n. Apostles' Creed: The Veil-known creed beginning, "I believe in God, the Father Almighty," and ending with the words "the life everlasting. Amen." For many centuries it was attributed to the Apostles, but historical criti- cism has shown that it arose some time after their age, and probably not all at one period. It is found in its present form in the works of Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, from 374 to 397. [Creed.]— Apostles' coats: Coats worn by performers at the miracle plays of the Middle Ages. {Lee: Gloss.) A pos tol i (a-p6s'tol-l), n. pi. [Lat. = Eng. apostles.] (Eccl. Hist.) An ascetic sect founded by Gerhard Sagarelli, of Parma, who was after- ward burnt in that city in the year 1300. They were opposed to the possession of property, $nd to marriage, but were attended by spiritual sisters. Ap OS tol ic (ap'tfs-tdFie), a. Catholic Apostolic Church: The Irvingite church.—His Apostolic Majesty: A title first conferred by Pope Sylvester II, on Duke Stephen of Hungary. It was acquired by the ruling sovereign of Austria when Hungary, became subject to him, and is still used by the Austrian emperor.—Apostolic Canons: Eighty- five ecclesiastical laws, the compilation of which was fraudulently attributed to Clement of Rome. They were brought together subsequently to his time, but give valuable information regarding the discipline of the Greek and other Oriental churches in the second and third centuries.— Apostolic Churches: Churches first established by the apostles, specially those of Rome, Alex- andria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. Afterward the term obtained a less precise meaning.—Apostolic Clerks: A religious association founded by John Colombinus, a nobleman of Siena, and abolished by Clement IX, in 1668.—Aptostolic party: A fanatical Roman Catholic party which figured in the history of Spain from 1819 till 1830, when it became merged in the Carlists.—Apostolic sees: Sees said to have been found by the Apostles; specially Antioch, Ephesus, and Rome.—Apostolic succession: The claim made "by most episcopally- ordained clergymen and bishops that they consti- tute links in an unbroken chain of similarly or- dained persons, the first of whom were set apart to their sacred functions by the Apostles them- selves. Those who hold that view most tenaci- ously generally combine with it the opinion that only clergymen who are in the line of this spirit- ual succession are entitled to the pastoral office in the Christian Church, all others simply usurping the functions of the ministry. Ap OS tol i cism (ap ds-tdl^I-glgm), n. Apos- tolicity (q.v.). (J. Morison.) (Reid.) Ap os tol ic i ty (ap-ds'ttil-i^i-ty), n. The quality of being apostolic. Ap o the ci um (ap'o-the^l-tim), n. [Gr. airo (apo) — from, and Or/taj (theke) — a case, chest, or box to put anything in.] (Bot.) (ci). Thescutella or shields constituting the fructification of some lichens. They are little colored cups or lines with a hard disc, surrounded by a rim, and containing asci or tubes filled with sporules. (b). The cases in which the organs of reproduc- tion in the Algacese, or Sea-weeds, are contained. Ap pau mee (ap-pau'me), a. Same as Apaume. Ap pear ance (ap-pear'an^el, n. 1. (Persp.) The representation or projection of a figure, a body, or any similar object upon the perspective plane. 2. (PI.) Circumstances collectively fitted to produce a bad, or to produce a good impression. " Appearances were all so strong, The world must think him in the wrong." —Swift. To save appearances, or to keep up appearances, is to make things look externally all right, when in reality they are to a greater or less extent wrong. Ap peas a ble ness (ap-pea§-a-ble-n6ss), n. [Eng. ajipeasable; -ness.'] The quality of being appeasable. The opposite of implacableness. (Johnson.) Ap pel la tive ness (ap-pSl'la-tlve-nSss), n. [Eng. appellative; -ness.] The state or quality of being appellative. ". . . reduce the proper names in the genealo- gies following to such an aptpellativeness as should compose a continued sense."—Fuller : Worthies; Suffolk. (Richardson.) Ap pe tize (ap pe-tize), v. t. [Lat. appeto. — . . . to strive after, to long for, and Eng. suffix -ize. In Fr. appetissant — imparting an appetite; Ital. appetizione = appetite.] To give one an appetite, to make one feel hungry. (Sir Walter Scott.) Ap pie (ap'ple), n. Apple of discord: Anything, not necessarily an apple, ^r even a fruit, which, introduced into a nation, church, family, or other society, produces dissention among its members. The expression is founded on the classical myth that Eris, the goddess of strife, on one occasion flung into a meeting of the gods and goddessess a golden apple inscribed with the words, " For the fairest." It produced great jealousy among the female deities, of whom three—Juno, Minerva, aud Venus—contended for it, the last-named being the successful competitor.—Apple-berry: The English name of the Billardiera, a genus of Aus- tralian plants belonging to the order Pittospor- aceae, or Pittosporads.—Apple-blight: A white, cottony substance found upon the trunks of apple- trees. It is produced by one of the Aphidse, the Lachnus lanigerus, popularly known as the Ameri- can blight.—Apple-blossom: The blossom of the apple-tree. ". . . the farmhouse peeping from among bee-hives and apple-blossoms, . . . "—Macaulay: Hist. Eng., chap. xv. Apple-brandy, or apple-jack: Brandy made from apples. [27. S.J (Bartlett.)—Apple-butter: A sauce made of apples stewed in cider. [U. S.] (Bartlett.)—Apple-dumpling: A dumpling contain- ing apples. Ap pie-pie (ap'ple-ple), a. Apple-pie order: Per- fect arrangement or order. (Colloq.) Ap pli eate (ap pll-cate), v. t. [Lat. applicatus = lying upon or close to, attached to; pa. par. of applico — to join or fasten.] To apply to. [Obs.] "The act of faith is applicated to the object ac- cording to the nature of it."—Pearson : On the Creed, Art. ix. Ap pli ca tor i ly (ap'pli-ea-tor-l-ly), adv. Like that which is applicatory; by way of applica- tion, by its being applied. "Faith is therefore said to justify, that is, in- strumentally or applicatorily—Mountagu: App. to Ccesp. 194. Ap por tion ate (ap-por;tion-ate), v. t. To apportion. \_Rare.~\ (Hacket: Life of Williams, p. 275.) Ap por tion ate ness (ap-por'tion-ate-ngss), n. rihe quality of being in just proportion to_ something else. [i£dr lc-al), a. [Lat. arbor = a tree; Eng. suffix -ical.] Pertaining to trees. [JBare.] " . . . of that arborical discourse."—Howell: Letters, iv, 23. Ar bor i cul tur al (ar/b6r-!-etil//tiir-al), a. Pertaining to the culture of trees. (Loudon.) Ar bor i eul tur ist (ar'bor-i-cul^tur-ist), n. One who cultivates trees. (Loudon.) Ar bor ous (ar'bor-ous), a. [Lat. arbor; Eng. suffix -ous.] Full of trees; formed by trees. ". . . under shady arborous roof." Milton: P. L., bk. v. Ar cade (ar-eade'), n. 1. The arches and piers dividing the body of a building from its aisles. (Gloss, of Arch.) 2. Any gallery or passage, with shops, though not arched. Ar ca ded (ar-ca'dSd), a. Supplied with an arcade. Ar ch«e og ra phy (ar'chse-dg^ra-phy), n. [Gr. apxaio? (archaios) = from the beginning or origin, ancient; and 7pa<£»? (graphe) — & writing, a description.] A writing about, or a description of, antiquity or antiquities, but not of a character so scientific as to merit the appellation of archaeol- ogy. Ar chse o lo gi an (ar'ehae-o-lo^gi-an), n. [Eng. archaeology; -ian.] The same as Archaeolo- gist. Arch er y (arch'er-y), n. [Eng. archer; -y.] Those who at any time or place practice archery; taken collectively, the archer. (Chiefly poetic.) "The venison free, and Bourdeaux wine, Might serve the archery to dine." Scott: Lady of the Lake, v, 25. Ar che typ i cat (ar^hS-typ^l-eal), a. The same as Archetypal. (Warburton.) Ar chi a ter (ftr^chl-a'ter), n. [Lat. archiatrus; Gr. apxcarpo? (archiatros): from apx<: (archi) = chief, and taTpos (iatros) = a surgeon, a physician; iaofxaL (iaomai) = to heal, to cure.] The first physician of the Roman emperor; the chief ruler in Greece, etc. The word is still used in a similar sense in some Continental countries. "I wanted not the advice and help of the arch- iater, the king's doctor."—Sir T. Herbert: Trav., p. 233. Ar chig ra pher (flr-ehlg'ra-pher), n. [Gr. apX<- (archi) — chief, and ypd not ectypal, but archetypal, and arch- itectonical of all."—Cudworth: InteU. Syst., p. 853. (Richardson.) Ar chi tec tor (ar//chT-t6€/tor), n. [Port. & Lat.] An architect, a builder. [O&s.] 44 Having first, like a skillful architector, made the frame, he now raises and sets it up."—Austin: Hcec Homo, p. 55. "... merchants, pilots, seamen, architec- tours, masons, etc."—Gayton: Notes on Don Quix., iv, 11. Ar chy (ftr'cht), a. Arch-like; arched. "Beneath the black and archy brows shined forth'the bright lamps of her eyes."—Partheneia Sacra (1633), Pref. Ar cit e nent (ar-sit'e-nent), a. [Lat. arcite- nens, from arcus = a bow, and tenens, pr. par. of teneo = to hold.] Bow-bearing. [06s.] (Johnson.) Ar CO graph (ftr;c6-graph), n. [Lat. areus = a bow, and Gr. ypd (sepo) to pu- trefy.] Substances not subject to putrefaction. A Sep tic (a-sSp'tie), a. [Gr. aa^nTa (asepta); Eng. suff. -ic.] Not subject to putrefaction. As in a ry (fts'in-ar-y), a. [Lat. asinarius.'\ Pertaining to an ass. [06s.] As i nine (as'i-nlne), n. Stupid, silly, as the ass is popularly believed to be. As mat og ra phy (as'mat-dg^ra-pht), n. [Gr. 8.ri (graphe) = & writing.] A writing about songs ; a treatise on songs. A-soak: (a-soak7), a. or adv. Soaking, in a soak- ing state. (Holdsworth.) As per gril li form (as^er-gll^li-fGrm), a. [Low Lat. aspergillus (q.v.), and Lat. forma — form, shape.] (Bot.) Shaped like an aspergillus; brush-shaped. Example : the stigmas of grasses. (Lindley.) As per gil lus (S^per-giyitis), n. (Bot.) Moldi- ness. A genus of fungi belonging to the cohort Concomycetes. The species are /ound on rotten substances, on decaying fungi, on damp slants in herbaria, and in similar situations. As per o lite (as-p6r'o-lite), n. [Lat. asper = rough; o, euphonious; and -lite, from Gr. \C9os (lithos) = stone. "Named asperolite on account of its great brittleness." (Dana.).] A mineral, a variety of Chrysocolla. It is of a bluish-green color, and^ comes from Tagilsk, in Russia. As per sive (as-pgr'slve), a. Involving asper- sions, containing aspersions; calculated to asperse. (Ogilvie) As per sive ly (as-pfer^ive-ly), adv. After the manner of aspersion. u. . . those many envious and injurious de- tractions which the ignorant may aspersively cast thereon."—Sir T. Drake Revived. To the Reader. (Richardson.) As per so ri um (as'per-so^ri-iim), n. [Low Lat. aspersorium, whence the Ital. asper»orio.] 1. The stoup, or holy-water basin, in mediaeval churches. it. The aspergill, or sprinkle. As phalt (as-ph<7), n. A composition of asphalt, lamp-black, and oil of spike, or turpentine, used for drawing black figures on dial-plates. (Nichol- son.) Asphalt (as-ph<Oi «• Pertaining to asphalt; consisting of, or at least containing asphalt; Asp ic (asp'ie). (Cook.) A savory jelly; meat or eggs enclosed in a savory jelly. As pi rate (as;pl-rate), a. [From Lat. aspiratus\ pa. par. of aspiro. In Ital. aspirato = aspirated. J Pronounced with a full breath. " For their being pervious, you may call them, if you please, perspirate; but yet they are not aspirate; i. e., with such an aspiration as/i."— Holder. As pi rate (as'pi-rate), n. A letter pronounced with a full breath, h. " With this he mingled the Attic contractions, the broader Doric, and the feebler .2Eolic, which often rejects its aspirate or takes off its accent . . ."—Pope: Pref. to Homer. Notation: a, 6,1, 0, tl, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, A, short; care, far, list, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rijde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; q, ?h as k; g as j, g as in get; g as z; ? as gz; n as in linger, link; tti as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridr Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.ASPIRATION 16 ATTACK As pi ra tion (&s'pi-ra"tion), n. 1. (Gram.) (a). The act of pronouncing a letter with a full breath, and in consequence imparting to it the h soimd. (b). That which is so pronounced ; the letter h. 3. {Surg.) The removal of the liquid contents of a cavity without the admission of air. As sa gai (as sa-gai), n. Same as assegai. As sen ta tor i ly (&s-sen'ta-tor-i-ly), adv. After the manner of a flatterer. [Obs.] " I have no purpose, vainly or assentatorialy, to represent this greatness [of Britain J as in water, which shows things bigger than they are . . . "— Bacon. As sen tient (as-s6n;shent), a. [Lat. assen- tiens, pr. par. of assentio = to assent to.] As- senting to, as opposed to dissentient; dissenting from. (Qtiar. Rev.) As sent ive (&s-s£nt'!ve), a. [Eng. assent; -ive.~\ Assenting. As sim il a Ml i ty (as-slm/ll-a-bll//l-t3r), n. Capable of being assimilated. [iSare.] {Coleridge.) (Heid^s Diet.) As sist ant (as-sist'ant), n. Syn.—Assistant, Coadjutor. Assistant and coadjutor differ only in quality. The menial servant, or one much younger, may be an assistant; but the coadjutor is on a level. with him whom he aids, and with whom he is associated in some honorable office. " In one respect I'll thy assistant be." —Shak. "The plebeian aediles were sort of coadjutors to the tribunes."—Melmoth.—(Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated:) As swl metiC (as-sfi/m6nt), n. [Lat. assumentum, from assuo = to sew on, to put a patch on ; ad — to, and suo = to sew.] A patch. " This assument or addition, Dr. Marshal says, he never could find anywhere but in this Anglo- Saxonick translation."—Lewis: Hist. Eng. Bibles p. 9. As syr i an (as-s^r'i-an), a. Relating to Assyria. " There is Sir Henry Rawlinson's Assyrian Canon . . . "—Trans. Bib. Arch. Soc., vol. iii, (1874), p. 5. As syr i an (as-syr'i-an), n. (Oeog.) A native of Assyria, especially if belonging to the dominant race. " The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold."—Byron: Hebrew Melodies; Destruc. of Sen- nacherib. Assyrian Language : A dead language belong- ing to the Aramaean, or Northern group of the Syro-Arabian tongues. Its nearest living analogue is the Neo-Syriac. It is only in the present cent- ury that it has been recovered. From its richness of grammatical forms, the late Dr. Hincks termed it "The Sanscrit of the Shemitic family of lan- guages." The researches of Sir Henry Rawlinson on the trilingual inscriptions of Behistun proved the language of Babylonia, in the time of Darius, to be essentially the same as the Assyrian of Tiglath Pileser. (Trans. Bib. Archceol. Soc., 1872, vol. i, p. 281.) The Biblical Archjeological Society's publications are full of information regarding Old Assyria, its language, and its history; and the general appearance of th# characters in which the language is written is familiar, even to the most illiterate frequenter of the British Museum, from the numerous specimens of it covering the Assy- rian sculptures in one portion of the building. As tac O lite (as-tac'o-llte), n. [Gr. ao-ra/cos (astakos) — a lobster, and kiQos (lithos) = stone.] The same as Astacite. As ta CHS (fts'ta-cfis), n. [In Ital. astaco; from Lat. astacus, Gr. aaraKos (astakos), a kind of lobster or crayfish.] (ZoOl.) A genus of decapod, long-tailed Crustaceans, the typical one of the family Astacidse. It contains the X marinus, or Lobster, and the A. fluviatilis, or Crayfish. A Stat ic (a-st&tlc), a. [Gr. atrraTos (astatos)— never standing still; from-d, priv., and the pass, of torrrj/xc (histemi) = to cause to stand.] (Elect.) Not influenced by the earth's magnetism. An astatic needle is a needle movable about an axis in the plane of the magnetic meridian, and parallel to the inclination. When so situated, the terrestrial magnetic couple acting in the direction of the axis cannot impart to the needle any deter- minate direction, and therefore it is astatic. An astatic system is a combination of two needles of equal force joined parallel to each other, with the poles in contrary direction. They counterbalance each other so that the system be- comes completely astatic, and sets at right angles to the magnetic meridian. %.-stay (a-stay7), adv. [Eng. a, and stay.] (Naut.) A term used of an anchor, which, on being hauled up, temporarily takes such a position that the cable or chain from which it depends forms an acute angle with the surface of th ewater. As ter oj>li yl li tes (as ter-6ph/yl-l'i//t6§), n. pi. [Gr. aa-Trjp (aster)— a star, (pullon) — a leaf, and AL9o<; (lithos) = a stone.] (Paleon.) A genus of Cryptogambus plants, allied to Calam- ites, belonging to the order Equisetacese. All are fossil, and belong to the Carboniferous period. Their name was given on account of the starry appearance of the verticillate foliage. Their stems were articulated and branched, and it is now known that the fossils termed Yolkmannia constituted their fructification. As then i a (as-then'i-a), n. [Gr. aaOevLa (asthenia); from acrdevqq (asthenes) — without strength; a priv., and adevos (sthenos)= strength.] (Med.) Absence of'strength; debility. As then ic (as-thSn'Ie), a. (Med.) Produced by debility; the result of exhausted excitability. " Upon these principles he [Brown] founded the character and mode of treatment of all dis- eases, which were supposed to consist but of two families, the sthenic and the asthenic, the former produced by accumulated, the latter by exhausted, excitability, and marked by indirect debility."— Dr. Tweedle: Cycl. Pract. Med., vol. ii, p. 160. Astli mat ic al (as-m&t'Ie-al), a. The same as Asthmatic. uIn asthmatical persons, though the lungs be very much stuffed with tough phlegm, yet the patient may live some months, if not some years." —Boyle. Asth mat ic al ly (as-m&t'ie-al-ly), adv. After the manner of one affected with asthma. (Richardson.) As trogf no sy (as-tr<5g;no-sy), n. [Gr. aa-rpov (astron) = a star, and yvu>eto (tropheo), or Tpi ease, the scald-head (Porrigo favosa). A bas (&-b&). An exclamation used among the French, equivalent to the expression k Down with,' as, d, bas let aristos, down with the aristocrats. A ba sing (a^bft'sing), pp. and n. f Depreciation'of the coinage. See Debasing. • The abasing of the said jooppor money. Grafton. A bas si fa-b&s'si), )n. The silver 20 copeck A bas sis (a-bft8/sis^ J piece circulating in Russia. It weighs 4*079 grammes but is only 'jBOO fine and is worth about 45 centimes or 9 cents. A bas tard Ize f (a-bfts'tard-Iz), v. t. To bastard- ize ; to render illegitimate or base. Being ourselves Corrupted and abastardizM thus. Jkmiet. A ba sure f (a-bfl^flr), n. [A. Norm.] Abasement. ' Towneley' Mysteries. Abata men tnm ( a-bft'ta-m£n/'tfim ), n. [Law Lat.] (Eng. Law.) An entry by interposition: the term used when, on the death of landowner, some one, not the heir or devisee, takes unlawful posses- sion of the estate. Abataylment(8b/a-tftl//mSnt), n. [A. Norm,] A battlement. Sir Qawayne. A bate (a-b&t'), v. t. pret. and pp. abated; ppr. abating. [(Fr., Lat.) M. Eng. aba ten; O. Fr. abatre, to beat dowti; L. Lat. abbattere; Lat. ab, from, and batere, popular form of batuere, to beat. Often con- tracted to bate."] (Metal.) To reduce, as a metal, to a lower temper. ' A ba ted (a-bflt'ed), pp. (Mediceval Masonry.) An expression signifying work wbich Is worked down or sunk. ✓ A bate ment (a-bfit'ment), n. 1. (Com.) Abate- ment signifies a deduction from a quoted price or value. These deductions are sometimes systematic, and fixed by the usage of particular trades; in other cases a deduction is made in respect to a special bargain, and the phrase then used is ' 8 per oent. off1 or * 5 per cent, off ' as the case may be. The most important form of abatement is that which occnrs in the price lists of certain manufacturers, the quota- tions of which sometimes remain unaltered from year to year in order to avoid revision and reprint- ing ; and the variation of price arising from fluctu- ations in demand and snpply is indicated by the abatement allowed,' which is announced by a trade circular from time to time as oocaeion may require. 2* A reduction made by creditors, for the prompt payment of a debt due by the payer or debtor.' 3* The deduction sometimes made at the Custom" House from the duties chargeable upon goods when they are damaged. 4. (Law.) (a) The overthrow of an action on. ac- count of some error committed in bringing or con- ducting it, when the plaintiff is not forever barred from bringing another action. (6 )A sdspension of all proceedings in a suit, from the want'.of proper par- ties capable of proceeding therein.—Plea of Abate- ment, a defense by which a defendant shows cause to the oourt why he should not be impleaded or sued, or, if impleaded or sued, not in the manner or form adopted by the plaintiff, and prays that the action or suit may abate or cease. Abator (arbftt'or), n. One who or that which abates. (Law.) (a) A person who without right en- ters into a freehold on the death of the. last pos- sessor, before the heir of devisee. (b) An agent or cause by which an abatement is procured. A battuta (a bftt-tti'ta ). [It., lit. to the best..] (Mus.) In strict or measured time. 4This term is usually employed when a break in the time of a movement has occurred,and it isdesirabletc resume the original pace by the beat.' Stainer and Barrett. Abat-vent ( ab- ft-vafi), n. [Fr., from abattre, to lower, and vent, the wind.] Thja sloping roof of a tower; apeut-house: so named because the slope neutralizes the force of the wind. Abat-volx (ab-A-vwfl), n. [Fr., from abattre, to lower, and voix, the voice.] The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum : eo nsmed because it pre- vents the speaker's voice from rising'and being lost or Indistinot. Rotation ; ft, 6,1, 0,11, long; ft, 6,1, 8, ti, short-: a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, f§U, fast, c&re; h6i;, mOye, or; by 11, Q, Fr.; h, Fr., ton; oh, cftftin; p, go; j job; ng, sin? ^ (h, then; th, »*ln; wt wig; wh, whig; ?h, a«ure; or, food • oil, pound. tr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of "Webster's and Wox cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ABA VI Ab a ▼ I (ab'a-vg), )n. [Local names. ]> A name A ba vo (a-ba-vO'), ] given in various African dia- lecfs to the Haobab tree, Adansonia digitata. Ab ax i al (ab-ak'si-al), > a. [Prefix ab- and axis.] Ab ax He (ab-tfk's!!), J (Bot.) Not in the axis; specifimlly applied to the embryo when out of the axis of the seed.. Balfour. A bay f (a-ba')< v. i. and t. To suffer ; to atone for.- Skinner. A bay + (a-bS'), v. t. To astonish. [Scotch. J A bays f (a biz') v. t. [Fr. Abassir.] To abash; to roi:fouud. [Scotch.] Abb (ab\ n. [A. Sax. ab or ob, the woof.j 1. Yarn for the warp in weaving. 2. The name given in sortiug wool according to its fineness to two qualities of wool, called respec- tively coarse abb and fine abb. Ab ba cin ate (ab-ba'sin-at), v. t. [It. abbacinare, to abbaciuate—ad, to, and bacino. a basin.] To de- prive of sight by applying a red-hot copper basin close to the eyes : a mode of punishment employed in the middle ages. Ab fra cin a lion (ab-M'sin-a//shun), n. The act or process of blinding a person by placing a red-hot copper basin close to the eyes. Ab ban don a men te ( ab-ban'don-a-menf'fi ), adv. [It.] (Mus.) With self-abandonment; so as to make the time subservient to the expression. Ab bat (flb'bat), n. Same as Abbot. Ab ba tesse f (Sb'a-tgs ), n. Fem. form of Abbat (which see). And at length became abbatesse there Holinshed. Ab ba ty f (ab ba-te), n. Abbacy. An old spelling of Abbey. They caried him into the next abbay. Chaucer. They would rend this abbaye's massy nave. Sir W. Scott. Ab b<5 (SbT>e), n. [Fr., an abbot, from Syr. and Chal. abba, father.] In France, an abbot; but more generally, 4nd especially before the French revolu- tion, a title given to all those Frenchmen who de- voted themselves to divinity, or \7ho had at least pursued a course of study in a theological seminary, in the hope that the king would confer on them a real abbey, that is, a certain part of the revenues of a monastery. The name is also applied to persons holding a similar semi-clerical position in other Roinau Catholic countries.—Abbes comniendataires were such abb^s as held abbeys in commendam— that is, with the right of administering their -rev- enues or a part of them. Ab bey (ub'be), n. [Prov.] The Somerset name of the white poplar tree, the Dutch abeel, whence O. Eng. abele, abeel, of which this is a corruption. The origin is Low Latin albellus, whitish. He attempts to destroy her child before birth by the leaves of the abbey-tree, D. Wilson. Another side of the garden was girt with five lofty jagged abele-trees. A. J. C. Hare. Ab bey°lasid (ab'be-land), n, * (Law.). An estate in land annexed to an abbey. Ab bis f ( ab'bio), n. pi. [An old form of Habits.] White surplices worn by priests. [Scotch.] Ab bod t (5b'biid),-7». An old form of .Abbot (which see). Robert of Gloucester. Ab bot) (2b'bot), ». [M. Eng. abbot, abbod; Lat. Abbat) abbatem, acc. of abbas, father; Syriac abba, father. The restoration of the t (corrupted to d in A. Sax.) was no doubt due to a knowledge of the Latin form; comp. O, Fr. abet, an ab- bot.]— Abbot exempt, an abbot free from the au- thority of the bishops and ordinary and dependent only upon the See of Home.—Abbot mitered, an ab- bot, who, formerly, on account of his jurisdiction, was entitled to v/ear a miter and sit as a peer in the House of Lords.—Abbot of Misrule, in England, or Abbot of Unreason, in Scotland, the personage who took the principal part in the Christmas revels of the populace before the Reformation. Abbreviate (ab-bre'vi-at), v. i. [Fkbyan has abrevyatyd in the sense of abridged ; Elyot has ' an abbreviate, called of the Grekeo and Latines epito- maLat. abbreviare (pp. abbreviatus), to shorten, ad, to, and brevis, short. Here adbreviare would at once become abbreviare; comp. It. abbonare, to im- prove, abbassare, to lower, abbellare', to embellish, where the prefix is plainly ad.] To practice or use abbreviation. It io one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off. . Bacon. Alb fere vl ate (ab-brfi'vi-at), n. An abridgment. —Abbreviate of adjudication (Scots Law), an ab- stract of adjudication. Ab lbs*© vi at ly t (ab-brS'vi-5t-ly), adv. Shortly. Nashe. Ab broacMt I (ab-brOch'), v. i. [L. Lat. abroca- Abbroclit > mentum, buying wholesale and selling by retail, from same root as Eng. brolce, bro- ker. J To forestall the market or monopolize goods. Ab broaeli ment f ) (ab-brOch'ment)", n. The act Ab brocfrmentf ) of forestalling the market or monopolizing goods. Ab but tals (ab-buftalz),n. pi. [Law Lat. abut to, and butta, from butum, Fr. bout—end, termina- tion ; or Celt, bot or bod=foundation, lowest part.] The buttings or boundary of land toward any point. Anciently, bounds were distinguished by artificial hillocks called botemines, from which came Butting, Abbutal3, etc. r t tyix/* 20 Abb-wool (Sb'wrjl), n, 1. Wool for the abb or warp of a web. 2. A variety of wool cf A certain fineness. See Ab byt f (Sb'bet), ». [Old spelling of Habit.} A habit. Under the abbyt of seynta Austynne. Wright. Abe da ry (a-be-se'da-ri or a'be-se^da-ri), Abe da ri an (a-ke-se-da'ri-an or a/be-se-dS'' ri-an), A term used of one learning the alphabet; also used with reference to psalms or hymns whose separate parts are called by the letters of .the alphabet. The 119'h psalm is an Abedarian-psalm. Ab de ri an (ab-de'ri-an), a. [From Abdera, in Thrace, the birthplace of Democritus, called the Laughing Philosopher, whence the application of the term.] Pertaining to Abdera or its inhabitants ; resembling or recalling in some way the philoso- pher Democritus of Abdera ; hence, a terra applied to incessant or continued laughter ; given to laugh- ter. Ab dev en liam (ab-dev'n-ham), n. (Astrol.) The head of the twelfth house in a scheme of the heav- ens. Ab di ca ble (ab'di-ca-bl), a. [Lat. abdicare—ab, from, and dicare, to consecrate, proclaim. Dicare is from the same root as dicere, to say.] That may be renounced or abdicated; capable of being re- nounced or abdicated. Ab di cant (ab'di-kant), a. [Lat. abdicans, from abdicare.'] Forsakiug; laying aside ; renouncing; abdicating : generally followed by of; as, friars and monks abdicant of their orders. Ab dom (ab'dum), n. A contraction in physicians' prescriptions for Abdomen. Ab dom i nal-ring (ab-dQm'i-nal-rlng), n. [Mod. Lat.; derived from abdomen, a word of obscure origin. Fick suggested that -domen may be con- nected with Skr. ddman, a rope, that which binds, ~Gr. Sid8ijju,a, a fillet, from the root Sa, to bind ; comp. Slrr.dd, Gr. Seeiv, to bind.](Anat,) A triangular open- ing in the aponeurosis of the external oblique mus- cle, immediately above the crest of the os pubis, on each side of the abdomen : called also inguinal-ring. A b dom i no tSio rac ic (ab-d&m'i-no-tho-r&s'ik), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to both the abdomen and thorax or chest. Ab due tion (ab-dfik'shun), n. A term applied in Great Britain to the using of force, or the threaten- ing to use force to prevent a voter from voting. A beam (a-bem'), adv. [Prefix a, on, and beam.] (Naut.) On the beam, that is, at right angles to the keel of a ship; thus guns are said to be pointed abeam when they are pointed in a line at right angles to the ship's keel. A bearingt (a-b&r'ing), ». Behavior; conduct; demeanor .—Good abearing (Law), the proper and -peaceful carriage of a loyal subject. He shulde be of good aberynge towarde the king. Fabyan. A be ce da ry (a-bS-sS'da-ri), n. A first principle or element; rudiment. 1 Such rudiments or abece- daries^ Fuller. A beclief (a-bSsh')» v. t. [O. Fr. abecher; Fr. abe- quer, abecquer, to feed with the beak, to feed an in- fant—a, and bee, the beak.] To feed, as a parent bird feeds its young. Yet should I somedel ben abeched, And for the time well refreshed. Gower. A bed (a-bgd'), adv. [Prefix a, on, and bed,} 1. On or m bed. Not to be abed after midnight is to be tip betimes. Shak. 2* To bed. Her mother dream'd before she was deliver1 d That &he was brought abed of a buzzard. Beau. s//kus), 1 n. [Ar. habb- Abelmosk (a'bel-mosk), j el-mosk, seed of musk, or abu-el-mosk, father of musk, that is, en- dued with musk.J (Bot.) A genus of plants nat. or- der Malvacete. A. moscUatus, or Hibiscus abelmos- chus, is an evergreen shrub of tropical Asia and America, 3 feet high. The seeds have a musky odor, tor which reason the Arabs mix them with coffee. A. esculentus is the Indian annual, 4 feet high, vari- ously called ochra, bandikai, gombo, etc. It yields a much esteemed mucilaginous fruit, used in eoups and pickles in the West Indies, Isle of France, etc. All th6 species yield good fiber. A bel wliack itsf ( 5'bel-wbSk^ets ), n. pi. A game of cards played by sailors in which the loser receives a whack or blow with a knotted han iker- chief for every game he loses. Grose. A bene placito (a ba'na plach'S-tO). [It.] (Mus.) At pleasure; indicating that a piece is to be played in the way the performer likes best. A ber ( a'ber ), n. [Cym. and Pictish equivalent of Gael, inver. There are three Welsh forms to denote meeting of water—aber, ynver, cynver, compounded ' of cyn=Lat. con, together, and ber, flowing, seen iu berad, a running of water; Armor, beri, to flow.. Cwmry, Cymry, Cumberland, Cumbraes, Humber, exhibit the word under various forms.] A Celtic word, prefixed to the names of many places in Great Brit- ain, and signifying a confluence-of waters, either of two rivers, or of a river with the sea; as, Aberdeen, .Aberdour, Abergavenny, Aberystwith. >A ber de vine (a-ber'de-vin), n. (Ornith.) Tha Fringilla spinus or siskin, a well-known song-bird, belonging to the finch family (Fringillidae), some- what resembling the green variety of the canary bird. It is a native of Scandinavia, visiting Britain in autumn and winter. Ab er ranee (ab-er'rans^w. A falling away from a type of structure. • Carpenter. Ab er rate (ab'er-rat), v. t. [Lat. aberratus, pp.> from aberrate.] To depart from the natural or proper way; to wander from a prescribed course. Ab er ra tion (fib/er-r&'/shun), n. [Lat. aberration Fr. aberration.] „ lo (Physiol.) The passage of a»fluid 4n the-living body into vessels not destined to receive it, as also- the' determination of a fluid to an organ different from that to which it is, ordinarily directed, as in vicarious hemorrhage. 2. (Terrestrial Physics.) The aberration of light may be seen on the earth as well as in the heavens. If one walk rapidly forward in a shower, the rain drops seem as if they come at an angle to meet him ; if he walk swiftly backward, they appear as if they come at an inclination from behind ; if, finally, he stands still, their real motion becomes discernible : in other words, they appear to fall nearly or quite vertically. 3. (ZoCfl. and Bot.) Deviation of a plant or ani- mal from the type of its natural group. In whichever light, therefore, insect aberration te viewed by us... .we affirm... .that it does... .exist. T. V. Wollaston. ~Circle of aberration, the circle of colored light observed in experiments with convex lenses be- tween the point where the violet rays and that where the red rays meet.—Crown of aberration, a lumi- nous circle surrounding the disc of the sun depend- ing on the aberration of its rays, by which its ap- parent diameter is enlarged.—Mental aberration (Med.), that wandering from soundness of judgment which is so conspicuous in thB insane.—Moral or spiritual aberration (Ethics and Theol.) is a wan- dering from the path of rectitude or from God. So then we draw near to God, when, repenting us of our former aberrations from Hijn, we renew our cove- nants with Him. Bp. Hall. A bet (a-b6t')» v. t. [lO. Fr. abeter, to deceive.' Bur- guy. Abett instigation, deceit; comp. L.-Lat. abet- tum, excitement, instigation. O. Fr. a=Lat. ad, to, — and beter, to bait: corqp. 1 ung ours, quant il est b'ien> 6eiez'=a bear, when he is well baited. Roquefort. Icel. beita, to bait, chase with dogs, set dogs on ; lit. * to make to bite *; causal verb from bita, to bite. The sense of O. Fr. abeter is not well explained in Burguy, nor is the sense of beter clearly made out "by Roquefort; abeter no doubt had the sense of ' in- stigate,' as in English. Burguy incorrectly refers the etym. to A. Sax. b«?*an, instead of the corre- sponding Icel. beita.] . 1* (Scots Law.) A person is said to be abet Jng though he may only protect a criminal, conceal him. from justice, or aid him in making his escape. 2, To lead or encourage the commission of. Would not the fool abet the stealth Who rashly thus exposed his wealth? Gay. A bet tor (a-bSt'er), n. 1« One who abets or inpitee* v one who»aids or encourages anofher to commit ^ crime; a supporter or encourager of something bad. But let th' abetters of the panther's crime Learn to make fairer wars another time. Dryaen. An abettor (Law), as distinguished from an acces- sory, is more especially one who being present gives- aid or encouragement. . 3. One who aids or encourages: in a good Notation : ft, S; I, 0, II, long; 5, g, I, 5, vi, shorty a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; ffla, fftll, fast, cftre; hfcs, or \ bull, &» Fr.; Fr- ton . On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's'and Wor- cester's Unabridged dictionaries.ABEY A bey (a-M')» »• A species of bastard mahogany •hipped from St. Domingo. Ab ftom in a Me (ab^hOm'in-a-bl), a. An old mode of spelling abominable (from its being sup- posed to be derived from ab homing, from or repug- nant to man), ridiculed as pedantic by Shakspere in the character of the pedant Holofernes, This is abhominable which he'would call abominable. Shak. Ab liom In a tlon (ab-h5m/ln-a//shun), ». Aa old misspelling of abomination (Lat. abominatio, from abominor—ab and omen), something to be depre- cated as evil-omened, as if it were derived from ab and homo, something alien from the nature of man, or inhuman. Tho Hebrews had with Angels conversation, Held th' Idol-Altara in abhomination. Sylvester. Holof ernes the pedant censures the pronunciation of the 4 racket of orthography.' ■Ab hor (ab-hdr'), v. t. pret. and pp. abhorred; ppr.' abhorring. [Lat. abhorreo, to shrink back—ab, from, and korreo, to shudder, to feel horror.] 1. To hate extremely or with loathing ; to loathe, detest, or abominate ; to feel excessive repugnance toward ; to shrink from with horror; to despise; to contemn. I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul, Refuse you for my judge. Shak. Thou didst not abhor the virgin's womb. Te Deum. 2* To fill with horror or loathing. [R.] It doth abhor me now I speak tho word Shak. Ab lior t (ab-hor/), v. i. 1* To shrink back with disgust, or fear, and shuddering. 'To abhorre from those vices.' Udall. 2. Tor be inconsistent with, opposite or contrary to: followed by from. Which ic utterly abhorring from the end of all law. Milton. Ab hor rer (ab-hor'er), n. One who abhors; spe- cifically {Eng. Hist.), in the reign of Charles II., a member of the court party, afterward called Tories Thoy derived their name from their professed ab- horrence of the principles of the Addressers, who en- deavored to encroach on the royal prerogative. See Addresses. Great numbers of abhorrem, from all parts of En- gland, were seized by order of the Commons, and com- ic itted to custody. Hume. At hor ring f (ab-hor'ring), a. Repugnant or contrary ; abhorrent; inconsistent: used with from. Abhorring from the end of all law. Milton. A bl chite (J'bi-klt), n. (Chem.) A native arsenate of copper, found chiefly associated with other cop- per ores in Cornwall, and in the Hartz. A bide (a-bld'), v.t. l.f To wait for; especially, to stand one's ground against. Abide me if thou darest. Shak. 2* To be prepared for; to await; to be in store for. Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts. ix. 23. 3* To be able to endure or sustain, -as a punish- meut, or judgment of God ; to remain Arm under. To abide tho indignation of the Lord. Joel. ii. 11. 4« To put up with ; to tolerate. [Colloq.] I cannot abide the smell of hot meat. 8hak. 5* It is frequently found in old writers with the meaning to expiate, atone, or pay tbe penalty for, some wrong-doing, resulting from a confounding of ^he old Eng. verb abie, abeye, abegge, A. Sax. abic- pan, to buy, redeem, or pay for, with abide, A. Sax. abidan, to, expect or wait for. Let no man abide this deed But we the doers. Shak. How dearly I abidq that boast so vain. M/ltnn. —To abide by a promise or resolution is to stand to it, to avoid departing from it. Abides by this resolve. Wordsworth. Spenser sometimes uses abie incorrectly instead of abide, to endure or suffer, e. g.: Who dyes, the utmost dolor doth abye. Fair is Queene. But patience perforce, he must abie, Ibid. A biding (a -bid iusr), n. [See Abide.] 1* The state of abiding; -continuance; stay ; spe- cifically, sojourning. Nothing in that place can consist or have abiding. Raleigh. 2* The place where one abides; an abode. 3* The act of abiding anything, or of continuing *0 do anything ; suffering, endurance, or toleration of anything; perseverance in a course of'action. Abies (ffb'i-es), ». [Lat.] (Bot.) The fir, a ge- nus of trees of the suborjder Abletinse, nat. order Conifer®, well known for the valuable timber that is produced by many of the species. It differs from the genus Pinus in the leaves growing singly on the stem, and the scales of the cones being smooth, rouud, and thin. T6 this genus belong the silver fir (A. pioea), the great Califorpian fir (A. gYandis), the balm of Gilead fir {A. balsamifera), the large- bracted fir (.4. nobilis), the hemlock spruce fir (A. eanadensis), sacred Mexican fir (A. religiosa), Nor- way spruce fir (A. excelsa), Oriental fir (A. orient- alis), white spruce fir (A. alba), Douglas' fir (.4. Douglasii), etc. See Fib, Pine. Ab 1 et le (ab-i-St'ik), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to trees of thtf"genus Abies.— Abietio acid (Chem.) 2L (C20H30O), an acid discovered in tbe resin of trees of the genus Abies. A bi e tin' . (a-bl'e-tfn), > n. [Lat. abies, abietis, the A bl e tine (a-bl'e-tln),) fir-tree ; Fr. abietine.] (Chem.) A tasteless, odorless, resinou3 substance extracted from Canadian or Strasburg turpentine. It is soluble in ether, in alcohol, particularly at tha boiling point, and in strong acetic acid, but insolu- A bi e ti nae (a-bre-tl"n6 or ab'i-et-r'nS), n. pi. Lat. abies, the fir.] (Bot.) The firs fend spruces, a suborder of plants, nat. order Conifer®, having the fertile flowers in c6nes, with one or two inverted ovules at tbe base of each scale. It Includes many valuable timber-trees, often rising 130 to 180 feet high, arranged under the genera Pinus, Abies, Pi- cea, Larix, CedrUs, Araucaria, Dammara, etc. A bl e iite (a-bl'e-tlt or fit/i-et-It), n. (Chem.) (Co H803.) A sugar obtained from the needles of Abies pectinata. A bi e tites (a-bl'e-tltz or &b/i-et-I"tez), n. [Lat. abies, the fir.J (Paleon.) A genus of fossil plants, nat. order Conifer®, occurring in the Wealden and lower gTeensand strata. Ab Ig e at (ab-Ij'e-at), n. [Lat. abigeatus, cattle- stealing, from nbigeus, a cattle-driver, from abigo, to drive away.] (Law.) (a) The crime of stealing or driving off cattle in droves. {b) A miscarriage procured by art. A bll i a ments ) (a-bTl'l-a-ments), n. pi. Same A bll 11 a mentsf ) 03 Habiliments, but applied more especially to armor and warlike stores. An now the temple of Janus being shut, warlike abih liamentn grew rusty. , Wilson. A bll 1 atef (a-biH-at), v. t. [See Able.] To en- able. [R.] 4 Baoon. Abime, f [Fr.] An abyss. Column and base upbering from abime. Chaucer. Ab 1 o gen e sis (Sb'i-or a-bT'o-jfin^e-sis), n. [Gr. a, priv., £tos, life, and yevean, generation, produc- tion.' See Biogenesis.] (Biol.) The doctrine that living matter may be produced by not living mat- ter. In the seventeenth century this was the dom- inant view, sanctioned alike by antiquity and au- thority, and was first assailed by R$di, an Italian philosopher, Needham and Buffon, who have been regarded as the supporters of this hypothesis, held the doctrine in. a very modified degree. They held that life is the indefeasible property of certain in- destructible molecules of matter which exist in all living things, and have inherent activities by which they are distinguished from not living matter ; each individual living organism being formed by their temporary combination, and they standing to it in the relation of the particles of water to a cascade or a whirlpool, or to a mold, into which the water is poured. See Heterogenesib. Ab i o gen e sist (fib'i- or a-bI/o-jgn"e-sist), n. Same 6s Abiogenist. Ab i o gen et ic al ly (Sb7!- or a-bI'o-jen-6t/,ik-al- li), adv. In an abiogenetic manner. Ab i og e nist (<1b'i-ora'bi-6j//e-flist), n. One hold- ing tbe theory of abiogenesis. Ab 1 og e ny (fib/i-5j//e-ni),n. Same as Abiogenesis. A b Ir ri tate (ab-Ir'ri-tat), v. t. (Med.) To enfee- ble ; to lessen the sensibility of. Ab Ir ri ta tive (ab-Ir/ri-t3'/tiv), a. (Med.) Char- acterized by weakness or debility, or by decreased sensibility. A bit t (£-bIt), v. i. third pers. sing, of abide. Abid- eth. Chaucer. Ab ject ness (Sb'jekt-nes), n. The character which is likely to be produced in a social outcast; servili- ty ; meanness of spirit; debasement. Servility and abjectneaa of humor is implicitly in- volved in the charge of lying. Gov. of the Tuhyue. Abjunctive (ab-jOngk'tiv), a. [Lat. abjungo, abjunctum, to unyoke.] Isolated; exceptional. [R.j It is this power which leads on from the accidental and abjunctive to the universal. Js. Taylor. Ab jil ra tlon (ffb/ju-ra"shun), n.—Oath of abjura- tion, an oath asserting the title of the present royal family to the crown of England, and abjuring alle- giance to that of the Pretender. A single oath is substituted for this and the oath of allegiance and supremacy by 21, 22 Vict, xlviii. Ab ju ra to ry (ab-jll'ra-to-ri), a. Relating to or characterized by abjuration; as, an oath abjuratory. Abkari (ab-ka'rS), n. [Hind.] Revenue de- Abkaree rived from duties levied on the man- Abkary - ufacture and sale of intoxicating Abkarry liquors, as arrack, toddy, etc.; or Aubkatiry J intoxicating drugs, as opium or bht\ng.—Abkaree regulations, regulations for the as- sessment and payment of such duties. Ab la tive (SVla-tTv), o. [Lat. ablativus% the name of a'case. Lat. ab, from, and latum, to bear, used as active supine of fero, but from a different root. Latum is from an older form tlatum, from O. Lat. tulere, to lift; comp, Lat. tollere. Tbe corresponding Gr. form is tAtjtos, endured, from rAaeiv, to endure. Coradicate words are tolerate and the Middle Eng. thole, to endure.] 1. Taking or tending to take away; tending to remove; pertaining to ablation. [Obs. and R.] Where the heart is forestalled with mis-opinion, a&- lative directions are found needfull to unteach error, ere we can learne truth. Bp. Hull. 2. A term applied to a oa*e of nouns in Sanskrit, Latin, and some other languages, originally given ABLUENT to tbe case In Latin beicause separation from va« considered to ba one of the chief ideas expressed by tbe case.—Ablative absolute (Latin Gram.), tho name given to a noun with a participle or somo oth- er attributive or qualifying word, either expressed or understood, in the ablative case, which is not de* pendent upon any other word in the sentence. We learn from a fragment of Caesar's work, De Ana& ogia, that he was the inventor of the term ablative ta Latin. The word never occurs before. Max Mullsr; Ab laut (Sb'lout), n. [G., from ab, off, and lauffp sound.] (Philol.) A substitution of one vowel for another in the body of the root of a word, to indi^ cate a corresponding modification of use or mean- ing; as, bind, band, bound, bond, G. bund; mord especially the change of a vowel to indicate tense- change in strong verbs, instead of the addition of a syllable (-ed), as in weak verbs; as, get, gat, got; $ink, sank, sunk. It indicates also change of in- transitive verbs into causative; as, sit, set; fally fell; and verbs into nouns, as sit, seat; sing, song. A blef (5'bl), v. t. ['For come time the verb able was not uncommon. Bishop Bale uses it often. Bishop Latimer, Shakspere, Dr. Donee, Chapman, etc., have it too.' Fitzedxoard Hall.} 1* To enable. And life by this death abled shall controll Death, whom thy death slew. Donne, 2* To warrant or answer for. None does offend, none; I say none, I'll able 'em. Shak. A ble (S'bl), a. [O. Eng. hable, Fr. habile, Lat. ha- bilis, 'havable,' manageable, fit, apt (from habeo% to have). We still say habilitate, to en-able, not abilitate, habit, not a bit (comp. also habiliments, fit- tings, clothes; dishabille, undress). The word seems to have been assimilated to—perhaps con- founded with—O. Eng. abal, strength, ability,4 )>ixl abal and craft,' Ccedmon, 32, 9, which Ettmtlller connects with a root form, a ban, to be strong. (Lex, Anglo-Sax. s. v.) See Dief enbach, Qoth. Sprache, i» AJUt, «r «bulle, or abylle. Habilis, idoneus. Promptorium Parvulorum, 1440, Which eharge lasteth not long, but vntill the scholer be made hable to go to the universitie. Roger Ascham. A ble, -I ble, »Hle. A very common termination of English adjectives, especially those based on verbs, representing the Lat. -abilis, -ibilis, a termi- nation equivalent to the adjective habilis, fit, suita- ble. To the' bases to which it is attached it gener- ally adds the notion of capable of, worthy of. and sometimes full of, causing; ms, obtainable, capable of being obtained; tolerable, capable of being borne; laudable, worthy of praise; credible, that may be believed, or worthy of belief; forcible, full of force; horrible, terrible, full of or causing horror, terror. Many of these adjectives, such as tolerable, credible, legible, have been borrowed directly from the Latin or the French, and are in a somewhat different posi- tion from those formed by adding the termination to an already existing English word, as in the case of obtainable. Adjectives of this kind, with a pas- sive signification, are the most numerous, and the base may be Anglo-Saxon or Latin; eatable, beara- ble, readable, believable, etc., are of the former kind. Of those in -able with an active signification we may mention delectable, suitable, capable. Of a neuter signification are durable, equable, conformable. All these are from verbal bases, but there are others derived frcan nouns, such as actionable, objectiona- ble, peaceable, saleable, serviceabler As to when -able and when -ible is to be used, it may be said : Generally, the termination is *ible, if the base is tho essentially uncorrupted stem of a Latin infinitive or supine of any conjugation but the firsts.. .To the rule given above, however, there are many objections..'.. To all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted, infinitival stems of'Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives, whence- soever sprung, we annex -able only. Filzedward Hall. A ble-bod led (a bl-bQd"id ), a. 1* Having a found, 6trong body; having strength sufficient for work; as, a dozen able-bodied men. Addison. 2» (Naut.) Applied to a seaman who is weil skill- ed in seamanship, and classed in the ship's books as such. Ab le gate ( fib'le-g5t), n. [Lat. ab, and legatus, from legare, to delegate, to send with a commission.! (B. Cath. Ch.) An official or legate whose duty it» to present to a newly appointed cardinal the insig- nia of his rank. A blepli a rus (a-blgf'ar-fis),«. [Gr. a, priv., and p\4apov, an eyelid.] (ZoOl.) A renus'of harmless lizards, family Scincidse, with five-toed feet and only rudimentary eyelids. Ab let ( ai/let), n. [Fr. ablette-, able, L. Lat. abula (for albula), from Lat. albus, albufrts, white, whit- ish, from its color. The name bleak is given it for the same reason.] (Ichth.) A small fresh-water fish, the bleak, the scales Of which are used in making artificial pearls. Ab lins ( 9b' linz ), adv. Perhaps; peradventure. [Scotch.] , A bloom (a-bl5m')^a. ("Prefix .a. and bloom.] In a blooming state; in full bloom ; blooming. Eliot Warburton. Ab 111 ent (slb'lu-ent), n. (Med.) 1. That which purifies tbe blood, or carries off impurities from the system, especially the stomach and intestines; . a detergent. ch, chain j g, go; j, job; ng, sing; th, then; th, thin: w, tolg; wh, whig; zh, a^ure: or, food; oil, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NnT <^ntained in the latest editions of Websters and Wor- cester's Unabridged DictionariesABLUTION * ■ 2* That which removes filth or viscid matter ,/from ulcers or from the skin. Ab lu lion (ab-lQ'shun),n. 1. (Chem. )The purifica- x tion of bodies by the affusion of a proper liquor, as water to dissolve salts. I 2, (Med.) The washing of the body externally, I as by baths ; or internally, by diluting fluids. 3* The water used in cleansing. Cast the ablution* in the main. Pope. Ab ne gate (sib'ne-gat), v. t. [Lat. dbnego, abne- gatum—ab, from, and nego, to deny.] To deny ; to renounce ; to reject. Burke; W. H. Seward. A God-created man, all bat abnegating the character of man. Carlyle. Ab nor mal (nb-nor'maL^a. [Lat. abnormis—ab, from, and norma, a rule. See Normal.] Not con- formed or conforming to rule ; deviating from a type or standard; irregular; contrary to system or law. An argument is, that the above-specified breeds, though, agreeing generally in constitution, habits, voice, coloring, and in moBt parts of their structure, with the wild rock-pigeon, yet are certainly highly ab- normal in other parts of their structure. Darwin. Abnormality (ab-nor-mai'i-ti), ». 1. The 6tate or quality of being abnormal; deviation from a standard, rule or type; irregularity ; abnormity. 2. That which is abnormal; that in which any- thing deviates from a standard, rule, or type. normaltties in the structure of human beings.' Pop. Ency. A board (a-bOrd'), odv. [Prefix a for on, and board. See Board.] Within a ship, vessel, or boat. ) He loudly called to such as were aboard. Spenser. —To go aboard, to enter a ship ; to embark.—To fall aboard of, to come or strike against: said of a ship which strikes against another while one or both are in motion.—To lay aboard, to board. Shak.—To get aboard, to get foul of, as a ship.—Aboard main tdck, an order to draw one of the lower corners of the mainsail down- to the chess-tree. A boardt (a-bOrd'), »• [Fr. abord, approach, ad- dress.] Approach. He, at the first aboard of a Btranger, would frame a right apprehension of him. Sir K. Diyby. Ab o cocked t (itt/o-kOfct), n. [See Abaoot.] A cap of state ; an abacot. His high cap of estate, called abococked, garnished with two rich crowns,....presented to KyngEdward at York. Hall. A bod ing f (a-bfld'ing), n. Presentiment; prog- nostication ; foreboding. * Strange ominous abod- inga aud fears.' * . Bp. Bull. A bol lsli ment (a-bOrish-ment), n. The act of aboli&hing or putting an end to; abrogation ; de- struction. [Now R.] He should think the abolishment of Episcopacy among us would, prove a mighty scandal. Swift. Ab o It tlon al (2b/o-lTsh//un-al), a. Relating to, or being favorably disposed toward, abolitiouism. Ab o 11 tion dom (&b/o-tfsh//un-dum), n. A term used of the Northern States by the Southern States during the American Civil War. Ab o 11 tion ize (ab/olIsh//un-Iz), v. t. To indoc- trinate with the principles of abolitionism. 'The pulpit of the time was thoroughly abolitionized.'1 [R.J E. P. Whipple. Ab o ina sus (Sb'o-mfl^sus), n. Same as Abomasum. A bom in a ble (a-bBm'in-a-bl), a. 1« t Excellent; superior. His short-winded farmer i' the country is wondrous wealthy, a most abominable farmer, and therefore he may do it in time. Shak. 2. tNumerous; large. [See Bominable.1 A bom i na ri ljm (a-bOm'i-na"rium), n. [L. Lat. N from Lat. abominor, to turn from as au evil omen.] 1* To turn from, as from an omen of «vil. 2* (Eccl.) A book containing different forms of anathema. A bom ine f (a-bBm'in), v. t. The same as Abom- inate. [Poet and Ludicrous;] By topics which though I abomfne 'em, May serve as arguments ad hominem. Swift. A boodf (a-bGd')i ». Delay. Without more abood his banner he displayeth. , Chaucer. Ab o ral (ab-O'ral), a. [Lat. ab, from, and os, oris, a mouth.] (Anat.) Situated away from or at the opposite extremity from the mouth; as, the aboral end. A bor sivef (a-bor'slv),®. Abortive. Geo. Herbert. A bort ed (a-bort'ed), p. a. 1. Brought forth be- fore its time. 2« imperfectly developed; incapable of discharg- ing its functions. Although the eyes »f the Cirripeds are more or lesS aborted in their mature stfite, they retain sufficient susceptibility of light to excite retraction of the ,-irri. Owen. A bor tl cldo (a-bor'ti-sld), n. [Lat. abortus, from jdboriri, to be born, and ccedere, to kill.J (Med.) Feticide; the act of destroying -the life of a fetus in the womb. A bor ti ent (a-bor'shi-ent), a. (Bot.) Sterile; bar- ren. Abortive (a-bor'tiv), a. 1. Pertaining to abor- tion ; as, abortive vellum, made of the skin of an abortive calf. 22 2. t Deformed ; monstrous. [R.] T.hou elfish-marked, abortive, rooting hag Thou that wast sealed in thy nativity The Blave of ilature and the son of hell I Shak. A oor tivet (a-bor'tiv), v. i. and t. To perish, or cause to perish untimely. Thus one of your bold thunders may abortive. Albumazar. He wrought to abortive the bill before it enmo to birth. Backet. A botef (a-bOt/), PP- of abate. Dejected; castdown. Chaucer. A bought f (a-bought'—gh guttural), pp. of abye. Endured; atoned for ; paid dearly for. 1 Chaucer. Ab ou-lian lies ( 3b' 6- hiln1 nez ), n. [l Father John.'] The name giyen by the Arabs to the true Egyptian ibis, the Ibitfeligiosa. Written also Abu- hannes. A bound (a-bound'), v. i. To expiate,—To abound in or with one's own sense, to be free to express or keep one's own opinion. 41 will not abound in this discovery,' t. e., I will not enlarge upon it. Adams. A bout (a-bout'), adv. 1» Sometimes used as an imperative with the sense of go to work ; set about it. kAbout ! my brains.' Shak.—To bring about, to cause to happen ; to be chief agent in producing; to effector accomplish.—To come about, to come to pass; to happen.—To go about, lit. to take a cir- cuitous route ; hence, tod e ise roundabout or secret methods of accomplishing anything; to contrive; to prepare; to seek the means. Why go ye about to kill me ? Jn. vii. 19. 2* (Naut.) To change the course; {,(• go On the other tack : said of a ship.—Ready about, about ship, are orders for tacking. — Turn about, week about, etc., alternately, or each alternate week, and the like. A woman or two, arid three or four undertaker's men ....had charge of the remains, which they watched turn-about. Thackeray. —To do a thing about right, is an Americanism, meaning to do it well. A bout en t (a-bout'n), prep. About. Chaucer. A bout-sledge (a-bout'slgj), n. The largest ham- mer employed by smiths. It is slung round near the extremity of the handle, and generally used by underworkmen, called hammermen. A bove (a-btiv'), prep. More in degree than; in a greater degree than ; beyond ; in excess of. Thou [the serpent] art cursed above all cattle. Gen.iii.14. God... .will not suffer yoa to be tempted above that ye are able. 1 Cor. x. 13. Above the bounds of reason. Shak. —Above all, above or before everything else ; before every other consideration; in preference to all other things.—Above the rest, especially ; particu- larly ; as, one night above the rest.—Above the world, above considering what people say ; also, holding a secure position in life; having one's fortune made. •With such an income as that he should be 'above the world, as the saying is. A. Trollope. —Above par, a term originally applied to stocks, but used in the United States for other things to de- note superior worth ; as, the horse is abovepar; the goods are above par. A bove-stalrs (a-bQv'st&rz), adv. On the floor or story above. > Ab rac a lam (ab-rSk'a-lam), n. A cabalistic word which served as a charm among the Jews. A bra dant (a-brSd'ant), n. A material for grind- ing, usually in powder, such as emery, sand, glass, etc. A brad ed (a-brftd'ed), jp. a. (Geol.) Applied to sur- faces ot rocks denuded, striated, worn, and polish- ed by icebergs or glaoiers passing over them, by currents of water carrying gravel or fragments of rock, by the action of blown sand, etc. A bra ham Ic (fi'bra-h2m"ik), a. Pertaining to Abraham, the patriaroh ; as, Abrahamic covenant. A bra ltam ite (S'bra-ham-Tt), n. l. One of a sect of Bohemiandeists, which sprang up inl782, profess- ing to hold the faitb of Abraham. They denied the divinity of Christ, and accepted nothing of the Bi- ble save the Lord's prayer. 2* One of a sect of Syrian deists of the ninth cen- tury. A brain Ide (S'branr-Id^-n. A descendant of Abra- ham ; a Jew: also called Abramite. Alas how many a guiltlesse Abramide Dyes in three daies, through the too-carious pride. Sylvester. Ab ra mis (Sb'ra-mis), n. [Greek name of a fiBh found in the Nile and Mediterranean, perhaps a bream.] (Ichth.) A genus of fresh-water malacop- terygian fishes, family Ciprinidre, containing the common bream (Abramis brama). There are two other rare British species, A. blicca (the white bream or bream-fiat) and A. Buggenhagii (the Pomeranian bream). A bran clii a ta (a-brfing/ki-fi'/ta), «. pi. (ZoOl.) 1* Same as Abranchia. 2V The name applied to those vertebrates—mam- mals, birds, and reptiles—whose young have at no time gills such as batrachia and fish possess. Ab ra sax (ab-ra-sSks'), n. Same as Abraxas. A brase (a-brSz'), a. Made clean by rubbing. A nymph as pure and simple as the soufo, or as *an abrase table. B. Jonson. A bra sion (ab-r5'zhun), ». (Geol.) Specifically, the wearing or rubbing away of rocks by icebergs ABSCISSIQ_INFINITI ✓ or glaciers, by currents of water laden with sand,, . shingle, etc., by blown sandor-other means.—Abra- sion of coins is the ordinary and necessary wear and tear of coins, and is thus distinguished from, defacement, which may be the result of violence* either intentional or accidental. In England if a; sovereign is reduced in weight to 122-50 grains or 7*93787 grammes, it ceases to be a legal tender, and if any one has such a sovereign offered to him in payment of a debt, he is required by law to cut or deface the coin, when it becomes simply bullion, and the tenderer must bear the loss. If the justice of the proceeding be disputed, and the coin he found to be above the limit prescribed, the defacer must; bear the loss. This injunction, however, is scarcely ever observed, except at the Bank of England, and some Government offices ; it would be too irksome, and the more usual practice is, to avoid the use of' sovereigns except in small quantities, and to make payments in Bank of England notep. j Ab rax as (ab-rSks'as), n. [The Greek letters rSd'>, r. <• To wake; to start, Ab ra zlte (ilb'ra-zlt), n. [Gr. a, neg., apd ^pa". Hamilton. Ab so lut Is tic (fib'so-ltit-Tsfik), -a. Pertaining to absolutism. Ab .solv a ble ( ab-sBlv'a-bl), a. That may be ab- solved, ' Ab solv 1 tor (ab-sOlv'i-tor), n. (Law.) A dfeorpe of absolution.—Decree absolvitor (Scots Law), a decree in favor of the defender in an action. A decree in favor of the phrsuer is called a decree condemnator. Ab sorb (ab-sorl/), v. t. 1* To waste wholly or sink in expenses ; to exhaust; as, to absorb an es- tate in luxury. 2• (Chem.) To take up or receive in, as by chem- tcal or molecular action, as when earbon absorbs gases. 3,* (Med.) To counteract or neutralize; as, mag- nesia absorbs acidity in the stomach. Ab sorbed (ab-3orbd/), p. a. (Paint.) Specifically applied to pictures in which the oil has sunk into the canvas, leaving the color flat and the touches dead or indistinct; nearly synonymous with chilled. Ab sorb ent (ab-«orb*ent), n. (a) (Anat. and Phys- iol. ) A vessel which imbibes or takes in nutritive matters into the system. Absorbents are denominat- ed, according to the liquids which they convey, lacteala or lymphatics, which both end in a common trunk called the thoracic duct. (&) (Surg.) A sub- stance, as cobweb, sponge, etc., applied to a bleed- ing surface to arrest hemorrhage by forming with the blood a solid adhesive compound. Ab sorb er (ab-soiflb'er), n. The person or thing that absorbs. Ab sorb lng (ab-sorb'ing), p. a. Imbibing; en- grossing ; as, the spectacle was most ab8orbing.— Absorbing welt, a shaft sunk through an imperme- able bed or stratum into a permeable one so as to carry off water conveyed iuto it. Such wells are employed in mining and manufactures to carry off excess of drainage water or water defiled by noxious substaneps. Called also Dead Well. Ab sorp %t om © ter (ab-sorp/shi-ttm,/e-ter), n. [Lat. absorptlo, absorption, and Gr. fterpov, meas- ure. ] An instrument invented by Professor Bunsen to determine the amount of #fns absorbed by a unit volume ot liquid. It is a graduated tube in which a certain quantity of the gas and liquid is agitated over mercury. The amount of absorption is meas- ured on the scale by the height the mercury presses up the liquid in the tube. Absorption (ab-sorp'shun). n. (a) (Chem. and Phyaica.) A taking in or a reception by molecular or chemical action, as abaorption of gases, light, heat; as, the absorption of heat by surrounding bodies ; abaorption of electricity. (&) (Physiol.) One of the vital organio functions by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the organs of plants and animals. In vertebrate apimals this is performed by the absorbent system, consisting of the lymphatics and lacteals and their connected glands. Plants absorb moisture and nutritive juices principally by their roots, but some- times by their general surfaces, as in sea-weeds, and ABSTKACT carbonio t^cid by tfieir leaves.—Cutaneotca or ex- ternal abaorption (Med.), the process by which cer- tain substances, when placed in contactwith a living surface, produce the same effects upon the system as when taken into the ptomach or injected into the veins, only in a legs degree. Thus, arsenic, when applied to an external wound, will sometimes affect the system as rapidly as when introduced into the stomach ; and mercury, applied externally, has the effect of exciting salivation.— Absorption of color (Opt.), the phenomenon observed when certain col- ors are retained or prevented from passing through certain transparent bodies; thus pieces of colored grass are almost opaque to some parts of the spec- trum, while allowing other colors to paes through freely.—Absorption of light, that quality in an im- perfectly transparent or opaque body by which some portion of an incident pencil of light is re- tained within the body, while the rest i3 Qither transmitted through it or reflected from it. It is owing to this that a certain thickness of pure water nhows a greenish color, glass a bluish-green color. —Absorption lines (Spectrum Analysis)\ dark linqa produced in a spectrum by tljg absorbing t>f a por- tion of the light by a vapor intervening between the source of light and the spectroscope.:—Absorption spectrum, a spectrum with absorption lines.—A &- sorption of heat, that quality in an imperfectly polished or opaque body by which the ray3 of heat impinging on its surface enter its body to be dis- tributed afterward by radiation: absorption is in inverse ratio to reflection. Ab sorp tlv I ty (ab^orp-tIv"i-ti), n. The quality, power or capacity of absorption. 1 The absorptivity inherent in organic beings.' [R.] Dana. Absquatulate (ab-sqwQt'u-Iflt), v. i. To run •away; to abscond; to make off; as, th© station master has absquatulated. ' Hope's brightest vis- ions absquatulate.' Dowjs Sermons. [Oolloq. and vulgar.. U. S.] Ab stain f (ab-st&n'), v. t. To prevent; to hinder. ^ , . Milton. Abstainer (ab-stSn'er), n. One who abstairte; specifically, one who abstains from the use of intox- . icating liquors; a teetotaler. Ab st© mi 1 lab-fitS'mi-l), n.pl. or collective. (Eccl.) Used of persons who, on conscientious grounds, will not partake of the cup in the Holy Eucharist, beiag averse to {he use of fermented wine. Ab sten tion (ab-st8n'shun), n. [Lat. abatentio.] The act of holding off oj abstaining'; abstinence. Bp: Taylor, - As may well be suppofed. this dbatention of oar light cavalry was observed by the Russian^ with sarprisa and thankfulness. Kinglahe» Ab sterg© (ab-sfcSrj')* v. t. (Med.) To cleanse by lotion^, as a wound or ulcer, also to purge. Ab sterg ent (ab-*t6rj'ent), n. 1. Whatever aids la scouring or cleansing, as soap or fuller's earth. Q>% (Med.) A lotion orothefr application for cleans- ing a sore; in this sense nearly superseded by de* ter gent. Ab sters© (ab-at6rs/), v. t. To absterge,; to cleanse;, to purify. Sir T. Browne. Abstersion (ab-stfir'shun), n, {"Lat. abstersio. See Absterge.] The act of wiping clean. 'Ablu. tion and abateraion.' Sir W, Scott. Ab sten siv© ness (ab-stftr'sTv-nes), u. Quality of being abstersive or abstergent. 4 A caustic or a healing faaulty, abstersive ness, and the like.' Boyle. Ab stl nenc© (flb'sti-nens), ». (R. Cath. CK.) ,Ab- atinence is distinguished from foaling in being merely a refraining from flesh meat, while on the, other hand fasting is a more or less rigorous absteji-; tion from food of any kind. Every Friday through- out the year is a day of abstinence. Days of fasting are rarer. Ab sti nent (Sb'sti-nent), », A name eonJetimfca given to a teetotaler. Ab stract (ab-strflkt'), v. i. To form abstractions^ to separate ideas; to distinguish between the attri- bute and the concrete in which it exists. ' Bnfteg abatract not.1 Locke.—To abatract fronts to sepa- rate our thoughts from ; to leave out of considera- tion. Could we abstract from these pernicious effects, and suppose this were innocent, it would be too light to be matter of praise. Dr. H. More. Abstract (Sb'Btrakt), o. [Lat.abstracius, pp. of abatraho, abstractum. J 1 • Not concrete; very general; hence, abstruse, difficult; as, a very abatract subject of disquisition. —Abstract idea (Metaph.) is nn idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which natu- rally accompany it, as the solidity of wood eontem<< plated apart from its color or texture.—Abstract- nouns or terms (Gram, and Logic) are names of qualities, in opposition to concrete, which are nom6g of things. Some metaphysicians understand by ab- stract terms all names which are the result of Ab- straction or generalization. This latter usage is strongly condemned by J. S. Mill, who applies to such words the term general names. - - Abstract or pure mathematics is that which treats of the properties of magnitude, figure, or quantity, absolutely and generally considered, without re- striction to^any particular object, such as arithme- ic or geometry. Abstract mathematics is thus dis- inguished from mixed mathematics, In which sim- ple and abstract quantities previously considered in the former are applied to particular, sensible ob-. ch, cAain j U\Q°i j, Job; ng, sincr; tlx, then j tlr, thin; w, wig j wh, whig; ah, azure; or, food; oil, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ABSTRACT jects, as astronomy, mechanics, optics, etc.—Ao- atract numbers are assemblages of units consider- ed independently of any thing or things that they might be supposed to represent. For example, 5 is an abstract number while it remains independent; but if we say 5 feet or 5 miles, it is no longer an ab- stract but a concrete number. 2r» fHaviug the senses unemployed; insensible to outward objects; abstracted. 'Abstract as in a trance.7 Milton. Abstract (Sb'strakt), n. 1. {Arch, and Engin.) That portion of the bill of quantities, estimate, or account, which contains the summary of the vari- ous detailed articles ; it is upon this abstract that the prices are applied. . 2. A catalogue ; an inventory. [R.] He hath an abstract for the remembrance of such places, aud goes to them by his note. Shak. 3* (Gram.) An abstract term or noun. The concrete 'like' has its abstract 'likeness'; the concretes 'father' and 'son' have or might have, the abstracts ' paternity' and 4 filiety' or ' filiation.' J. S. MiU. —In the abstract, in a state of separation ; as, a sub- ject considered in the abstract, i. e., without refer- ence to particular applications.—Abstract of title (Law\ an epitome or short statement of the evi- dences of ownership. Ab stract er (ab-strSkt'er), «. One who abstracts; as, (a) one who makes an abstract or summary, (b) One who purloins. Ab strac tl (ab-strfik'tl), n. [pi. of abstractus, pp. of abstraho. See Abstract.] (Church. Hist.) A Lutheran sect in the sixteenth century. Their leader was Heshusius, a Prussian bishop who con- tended, against Beza, that not only was Christ to be adored in the concrete as tbe Son of God, but that his flesh, in the abstract, was an object of adora- tion. * Ab strac tlon (ab-strSk'shun), n. 1. The act of ascending from what is concrete and particular to what is abstract and general; the act of refining or sublimating. Nothing escaped this eccentric spirit of refinement and abstraction. T. Warion. 2» The taking for one's own use part of tbe prop- erty of another. Ab stract ness (3b'strSkt-nes), ». A state of being in contemplation only, or not connected with any object. * The abstractness of the ideas themselves.' Locke. Ab strac turn (ab-strac'tum), n. [Lat.] (Metaph.) A quality, attribute or relatioo regarded as an en- tity ; an abstract noun. Ab tliane (3b thfin), n. One of a lower kind of no- bility existing in Scotland at a very early period. The high-steward is said to have borne this title. A bun dance (a-bun'dans), n. "When used abso- lutely, sometimes equivalent to abundant wealth or means ; riches; affluence; as, to give of one's abun- dance. A bune (a-bQn;), adv. and prep. [Contr. for aboven, abuven, A. Sax. abufun.] Above; beyond; in a great- er or higher degree. Written also Aboon. [Scotch.] Abu quelp (iit/O-kwglp), n. A silver coin formerly in use in Egypt, value about 20 cents. A-bur ton (a-b6r'ton), adv. (Naut.) Applied to casks when placed athwartshipsin the hold. A buse (a-bUs')* n. t Deception. This is a strange abuse. Let's see thy face. Bhah. Is it some abuse, and no such thing ? Shak. —Abuse of distress (Law), using an animal or chat- tel distrained, which makes the distrainer liable, as for wrongful appropriation. Ab use ful liess (ab-fls'fyl-nes), n. Want or ab- sence of usefulness. [Probably coined by Mr. Rus- kin.] And it depends on the person much more than on the article whether its usefulness or abusefulntss will be the quality developed in it. Ruskin. A bus er (a-bflz'er), n. One that deceives; a rav- isher. 'Next thou, th* abuser ot thy prince's ear.' Sir J. Denham. 4 That vile abuser of young maidens.' j. Fletcher. A bus 1 o (a-bfl'zi-0), n. [Lat.] a Rhet.) A figure of speech by which words are used with some devia- tion from their proper meaning. A bu sion f (a-bfl'zhun), n. Deceit; illusion. They epeken of magio and abusion. Chaucer. Ab u ta (ab-fl'ta), n. (Bot.) An evergreen climber used ornamentally, nat. order Minispermaceee. The natives of Cayenne use a drink made from its branches for obstruction of tbe liver. A bu tl Ion (a-bfl'ti-lon), ». [Ar.] (Bot.) A ge- nus of shrubs, sometimes called Indian mallow, of numerous species, belonging to the malvaceous fam- ily, and growing in the temperate and torrid zones of both continents. The flowers are used as vegeta- bles in Brazil. A but ting (a-but'ing), p. a. Approaching or ad- vancing toward each other; contiguous. Whose high upreared' and abutting fronts The perilous, narrow ocean parts asunder. Shak. A buy (a-bl'), v. t. To pay the penalty of. When a holy man abnys so dearlr such a slight frail- ty, of a credulous mistaking, what shall become of our heinous and presumptuous sins ? Bp. Hall. Abuzz (a-buz'), a. or adv. Buzzing; filled with buzzing sounds : not used attributively. The court was all astir and abuzz. Dickens. 24 Ab vac « a tlon t (ab-vS^u-iT'shun), n. [Lat, ab, from, and vacuo% vacuatum, to empty.] Sanlto as Ab evacuation. Ab vo la tion (&b'vo-13"shun), n. The act of fly- ing from. [R.] A by (a-br), v. t. [Occasionally written abuy."] To give or pay an equivaleut for: to pay the penalty of; to atone for ; to suffer for. [R.] She hath dearly abied it. Sir W. Scott. A bymef (a-blrn'), n\ Same as Abysm. Written also Abipie: A'bys mal (a-blz'mal), a. Immeasurable The Jews were struck dumb with abysmal terror. Macaulay. A byss (a-bls')tn. (Classic Archceol.) The Temple of Proserpine. The reason why it was called the abyss was that it contained within It an immeuse quantity of gold and other precious material, som6 of it buried under ground. A byss al (a-bls'al), a.—Abyssal zone (Fhys. Qeog.), that belt or zone of the sea farthest from the 6hore, and above 100 fathoms deep—so named by Professor E. Forbes in dividing the bottom of tbe sea into zones when describing its plants and animals. A byss ic (a-bls'ik), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an abyss : abyssal—referring to strata which formed the bottom of ancient deep seas. Ab ys sin i an (&b/is-8ln//i-au), n. A member of the Abyssinian Church. A bys sub f (a-bis'us), ». Same as Abyss. Th. Jackson. Ac, conj, [A. Sax. cec, eac; Mceso-Goth. auk; Ale- mannic auh; O. Sw. och, ock; Belg. ook. Apparent- ly the imperfect of A. Sax. eac-an; Mceso-Goth. auk-an, etc.,=to eke, to augment, Corresponds to Lat. a«, and.] But; and; also. [Scotch.] Jamieson,. Ac» 1* (Composition.) A prefix. 2* [A. Sax. ac, aac, an oak]. Used iu Anglo-Sax- on proper names. An oak, as ^4cton=oak town. In this sense it is sometimes varied, as ale or ake. 3* [Lat.] Used most commonly as a euphonious change for ad: as accommodate, from accommodo= adcommodo, to fit to. Sometimes from an obsolete rodt=sharp: as in acid, acrid, etc. 4. [Gr.J A suffix, (a) Applied to adjectives: Per- taining to, havipg the property or energy of; that can or may ; hence, that does: as ammoniac=hav- ing the energy of ammonia. (6) Applied to nouns: One who or that which has or does : as maniac=one whobas mania; polemac=one who makes war. A cac a lis (a-krtk'a-lis), n. (Bot.) A shrub bear- ing a flower and fruit resembling those of a taina- risk. , Acacia (a-ka'shi-a), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Leguminosje, suborder MimosesB. Some species produce catechu, as A. Catechu, and some exude gum arable, as A. Verek, A. arabica, A. vera (Egyptian thorn), A. Adansoni; the bark of others yields a large quantity of tannin, as A. decurrens and A. mollissima. Several species afEord timber of good quality, as A. elata, xylocarpa, odoratissima, Sundra. A ca ci an (a-kS'shi-au), n. (Ecol. Hist.) A member of certain sects of the fifth century, so denominated from their leaders, Acacius, bishop of Cresarea, and Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople. Some of them maintained that, the Son, ^hough similar to, was not the same as the Father; others, that he was both distinct and dissimilar. Ac a cin Mfik'a-sin), n. Gum arable ; a substance Ac a cine ) obtained from the inspissated sap of different species of acacia. A ca ci o (a-L-a'shi-O), n. (Bot.) The name of a durable, heavy wood, sometimes called Acajou^ al- lied to the red mahogany (Cedrelacece), but of a darker color, used in ship-building. Ac a de mi an t (^'a-dfi^mi-an), n. A member of an academy ; a student in a university or college. That new-discarded academian. Mareton. Academic (Sk^-dfim^ik), ) a. [Lat. acade- Ac a dem ic al (fik^-dgm^ik-iil), J micus, Fr. ac- ademique.] 1. Belonging to the school of philosophy of Pla- to ; in this sense the form academic is exclusively, or almost exclusively, used. 2* Belonging to an academy, or to a college or I university; as, academic studies.—Figure of aca- demic proportions (Paint.), a figure of little less than half the siae of nature, such as it is the custom for pupils to draw from the antique and i.rom life; also, any figure in an attitude comfentional, or re- sembling those chosen in life academies for the purpose of displaying to the pupils muscular action, form, and color to the best advantage. Academician (ilk'a-de-mlsh^an), n. Particu- larly, (a) a member of the Royal Academy of Arts; (b) a member of the French Academy.' Ac a dem I cism (ak^-dem^i-slzm), n. The sys- tem or mode of teaching at an academy; an aca- demical mannerism, as of painting. Academics (Sk'a - dgm^iks ), n. The Platonic philosophy; Platonisra. A cad e my (a-kSd'e-mH, n. The members of an academy (Academicians) are usually divided into ordinary, honorary, and corresponding members, and either select their own department or follow those prescribed by the constittition of the society, and at regular meetings communicate the result of their labors in papers, of which the more impor- tant are afterward printed. The French Academy, ACANTHOPHIS the Academy of Inscriptions anc Belles-lettres, the Academy of Sciences, the Academy of the Fine Arts, and the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences compose the French National Institute. * The Royal Academy of Arts, in London, was founded in 1768 ' for the purpose of cultivating and improving the arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture.' The number of academicians, originally thirty-six, ia now forty-two, among whom are two engvavors. The Royal Scottish Academy of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture was founded in 1826 on the model of the London Academy. It was incorporated ia 1838, and consists of thirty academicians. Acadian (a-kd/di-an), a. [From Acadia, Lat. form of Acadie.] Belonging to Acadia or Nova Scotia, a name derived from Shuben-^4cadic, the Indian name of one of its rivers.—Acadian Epoch (Geol.)j the epoch of tbe earlier primordial or Cambrian formation of theXower Silurian Forma- tion. Dana. A ca dl an (a-k^di-an), n. A native or Inhabitant of Acadia or Nova Scotia. Came from the neighboring hamlets and farms the Acadian women. Longfellow. Ac a le plise (Sk^-lS^fS), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A name sometimes applied to a large number of marine animals included in the subkingdom Coelentera&a, and represented chiefly by the Medusidse and their allies, in popular language known as sea-nettles, sea-blubbers, jelly-fish, etc. As a strictly scientific term, Acalephse, however, is now not used, the forms once included under it being now distributed among the Discophora and Lucernarida (both in class Hydrozoa), and the Ctenophora(in clasB Actin- ozoa). The most typical of the Acalepb®, the Ma- dusidae, are gelatinous, free-swimming animals, consisting of an umbrella-shaped disc containing canals which radiate from the center whence hangs the digestive cavity'. All have thread cells or urti- cating organs (see Ne'matophore) which discharge minute barbed structures that irritate the'Skin like the sting of a neetle, hence the name of the group. Ac a na ceous ({Ik's-u^'shus), a. [Gr. axaco?, a prickly shrub.] (Bot.) Armed with prickles: said of some rigid prickly plants, such as the pine-apple. Ac an tlia ce oe (ak'an-tha//8e-S), n. pi. (Bof.) A nat. order of plants, having for its type the genus Acanthus. The species are common in all tropical countries, and consist of herbaceous plants or shrubs, with opposite leaves aud monopetalous co-> rolla. They have mucilaginous and bitter proper* ties. A can till ce(a-kan/this-S), n. [Gr. aicavOa^affn'xn. the juice of a prickly plant that furnished a kind of mastic, a thorn.] The sweet juice of ivy buds. Ac an tliich tliy o sis (ilk'an-thlk'thi-C'sis), n. [Gr. axavffa, a thorn, and ix®vs,afish.] (Med.) Spin- ous fi9h-skin disease. A can tlaine (a-kAn'thln), o. Made of material de- rived from a prickly plant. A can tlio car pous (a-k2n/tho-kfir//pii8),a. [Gr. axauBa, a spine, and kap*os, fruit.] (Bot.) Produc- ing a fruit covered with prickles. A can tlio ceph a la (a-kan'tho-egf'a-Ja), in. pi. A can tlao cepii a li (a-kfin'tho-sgfa-ll), ? [Gr. axavOa, a spine, and *e<£aAiJ, the bead.] (Zo6l.) An order of mouthless Entozoa, having curved hooks on a retractile proboscis to attach theTaselves to the tissues of animals. One species occurs in the liver of the cat, another in the alimentary canal of the swine. A can tlfto ceph a Inn (a-kSn'tho-sgfa-lan), n. Same as Acanthocephala. A can tho cepln a lous (a-kJln'tho-sSf'a-lSs), a. Of or relating to the acanthocephalans; armed with a spiny head. A can tlio dac ty luq ( a-l$n/tho-d5k//ti-lii8 ), a. [Gr. a.Ka.v9a, a spine, and Sa/crvAos, a toe.] (ZoOl.) The generic* nair.t given to the Cape spine-foot, a spinas of Africa** lizard having very long toes on the hind feet, edged with a fringe of sharply point- A can tho-der ma (a-kan/tho-d6r"ma), n. [Gr. aKaeda, a spine, and Se'pjuia, the hide.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil, cartilaginous, hard-skinned fishes, with jstrong fin-spines, allied to Balistes. Ac asi tlio des (ak'an-thC'dSz), n. [Gr. aicavBa, a nplne, and elios, resemblance.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil fishes, from the carboniferous strata, with strong bony spines. Ac an tlio dl dse (&k/an-thO"di-dS % n. pi. (Pa- leon. ) A family of fossil fishes, including the ge- nua Acanthodes (which see). A can tlioid(a-kfin/thoid),a. [Gr. axavda, a spine.] Spiny. A can tlio 11 mon (a-kan-thOli-inon), n. (Bot.) A genus o1 plants, native to Asia, having sharp poiuted leaves like those of Juniper ; order Plum- baginace®. A can tlio me trl na (a-kan/tho-me-trI"na), n.pl. [Gr. aKavOa, a spine, and M^pa, the womb.] (ZoOl.) A family of minute protozoa, consisting of blobs or balls of jelly on small radiated siliceous spicules, found in the Mediterranean Sea. A can tlio pills (a-kitn'tho-fis), n. [Gr. axavBa, a spine or pHclcle, and a serpent.] (ZoOl.) A genus of venomous colubrine snakes, the species of which are of small size, reside on dry land, and feed upon frogs, lizards, and small mammals. They have the tail furnished with a horny spur at tbe end, whence the generic name. A. antarctica% the Notation : fi, e, 1,0, tl, long; fi, 5,1, 6, fi, short; a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; far, f$ll, f$st, c&re; h6r, mflve, or; bull, Q, Fr.; fit Fr., ton; mr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's aud Wot cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ACANTH0PH0B0U3 death-adder, en inhanitant of Australia, ia con- sidered tbo most venomous reptile of that country. Acan thopl*. o ?ou3 ta-kan.thtif'o-rus), a. [Gr. atcavCa, a thorn, and 4pi the fin of a fish, from irrepv£< a wing. J (ZoOl.^ One of the two primary divisious of the osseous flshes established by Ouvier, now forming a group or suborder of the order Teleoatei, and In- cluding b7 far the greatest number of ordinary flshes. They are characterized by having one or more of tbe first rays of the fins in the form of un- ointed pptaes. In some species the first dorsal fiu s represented by a few unconnected spines. The first rays of the aoai fins consist of simple spines, and each ventral fin has usually one. The swim- biadder is in all a shut sao. They include the perch, mackerel, gudgeon, weever, stickleback, bass, fly- ing-fish, mullet, braize, tunny, eto. Many fishes be- longing to this division are used as food. Ac an thop te ryg 1 ous ( &k'an-thdp'te-rlj//i-ug or a-kfln'thop-te-rlj 'i-us), a. (ZoOl.) Having the characters of the Acantkopterygii or spine-finned fishes; belouglng to the Acanthopterygli. A cantlio spon gi a (a-kan'tho-spOn'^'i-a^n. pi. [Gr. a«eae0a, a spine, and Lat. epongia, a sponge.] (Faleon.) A family of fossil sponges found in the Sihirian strata, and so named because of the inter- woven siliceous spicules which constitute their skeleton. A can tho tea this (6-k8n'tho-tfl"this}, n. [Gr. axarda, a spine, and Tevffi't, a cuttle-fish, J (Paleon.) A genus of fossil cuttle-fishes occurring in the oQiite. The internal bone or osselet (belemnite) is the part moat generally preserved. A can thousCa-k&n'thus^a. [Gr. a/cavda, a spine.] Spinous. A can tilu lus (a-kSn'thu-lus), » [Gr. axavdo, a thorn.] (Med.) An instrument for extracting thorns or spicule of bones, wood, etc,, from wounds. A can ttnu rue (a-kan-tbll'rus), n. [Gr. axavOa, a spice, and ovpa, a tall.] (Iohth.) A genus of acan- thopterygioos fishes, distinguished by their oom- pressed shape and lancet-like spines placed on each side of the tall, popularly called surgeon or lancet fishes and thorn-tails. A can thy lis (a-k&n'thi-lis), n. [Gr., a kind of finch, dim. from ataxic, the siskin.] (Ornith.) A genus of American, Indian, and Australian birds of the swallow family A can ti cone (a-kSn'tl-kOn), )n. [Gr. a*ay- A can ti co nlte (a-kin'ti-ko-nlt), J Bit, the sis- kin, and k6vipowder, from th& greenish color of its powder. J A variety of prismatic epidote, an almost obsolete synonym of Pistaoite. Ac a nns (fik' a - nus ), ». [Gr. axavot, a prickle.] {Faleon.) A genus of fossil flshes allied to the perches. < A can zl i (a-kSn'zi-I), n. pi. TnrkiSh- light-horse. A car dl ae (a-kftr'di-ak), n. (Med.) A fetus with- out a heart. A car i clde (a-kftr'i-sld), ». (Med.) A substance that destroys aceri or mifes. Ac a rid (&k'a-rid), n. One of the Aoaridn. A car 1 da (a-kfir'i-da), n. pi. [Gr. a»cap»fr, too short to be out, small, tiny—a, priv., and Ktipia, to out. J (ZoOl.) A division of Arachnida, Including the mites, tides, and water-mites. Of the true mites, the domestic or oheese mite and the itoh-mite are examples. The garden-mites ( Trombidfd® ) and spider-mites (Ganasid®) live upon plants; the wood- mites (Oribatidne) and harvest-tickA (Leptidse) are found amongst moss and herbage, or creeping on trees and fttones; while the true ticks (Ixodidie) attach themselves parasitlcally to the bodies of various mammals, as sheep, oxen,-dogs, etc. The water-mites ( Hydrachnid® ) are parasitic for at least a portion of their existence upon water-beetles and other aquatic insects. The mouth in all is formed for suction, and there is no definite line of demarcation between the unsegmented abdomen and the oephalo - thorax. Also called Acaridas% Aoaridans, A carina, and Monomerosomata. A carnar (a-kftr'nftr), n. [Ar. dkhir-annahr, ex- tremity of the river, An-nahr, the river, being the Arabio name of the constellation Eridanus.] (As- tton.) A bright star of the first magnitude in the constellation Eridanus.. Written also Aohemar, Akharnar. A castf (a-k&stf), a. (tfauf.) An old eea-term for lost or cast away. Acatalepsy (a-kat'a-lep-si), «. Impossibility of oomplete discovery or comprehension; incom- prehensibility ; specifically, a term employed to de- 25 note the doctiine held by the ancient academics and skeptics, that human Imowledge never amounts to certainty but only to probability. [R.] A cat a lep tic (a-kSfa-lcp^tik), n. One who be- lieves that we can know nothing with certainty. All skeptics and Pyrrhoniana were called acatalepticn. Fleming. A cat ap o sis (a-kat-ap'o-sis), n. [Gr., from a, priv., and Ka7ajriVw, to swallow.] (Med.) Difficulty in swallowing. A catcs f (a-kafs'), n. pi. [Lif. things bought ; Fr. achat, a purchase.] Viands 4 Setting before him variety of acates, ai d thof*e excellently dressed.' Skelton. Ac a tills tus (ak'a-thls'^us), n. fL. Lat. 1 (Early Greek Ch.) A thanksgiving hymn to the Virgin sung at Constantinople on the Saturday of the fifth week of Lent. A ca try T (a-k£ tri), n. [Lit. place for the acates.] The room or place altered to the keeping of all such provisions as the purveyors purchased for the king. A caul es" (a-kpl'Sz), n. pi. [a, priv., and Lat. caulia, a stem.] (Bol.) Plants which have either a very indistinot stalk or none at all, as lichens, fun- gi, algsB, etc. Ac ca ble f (Sk'a-bl), v. t. [Fr. accabler, to over- burden, to overwhelm.] To overwhelm ; to oppress; to overburden. Honors rather raise men's spirits than aceable them. Bacon. Ac cad (Sk'ad), n." 1. A member of one of the primitive races of Babylonia; one of tbe dominant race at the time to which the earliest contemporane- ous records retfeh back. This race is believed to have belonged to the Turanian family, or to have been at any rate non-Semitic. Also written AkJcad. The Accndai, or Accadi, were the Highlanders' who had descended from the jnountainous region of Elam on the east, and it was to them that the Assyrians ascribed the origin of Ghaldean civilization and writ- - ing. 1. H. Sayce. 2* The language of this race ; Acoadian. Ac ca dl an (ak-kJ'di-an), a. Belonging to the Ac- cads or primitive inhabitants of Babylonia. Also written Akkadian. Ac ca dl an (ak-kS'di-an'), n. 1. An Accad. 2* The language of the Accads, anon-Semitic and probably Turanian speech spoken in ancient Baby- lonia previously to the later and better known Se- mitic dialect of the cuneiform iusciiption". A kin- dred dialect, tho Sumarian, seems to have been in use at the same time in Babylonia. Ac cap 1 tnm f (ak-kap'i-tum), n. [Lat. ad, to, and caput, capitis, the head.] (Feudal Law.) Money paid by a vassal upon his admission to a feud; the relief due to tbe chief lord. Ac cede (ak-sSdOt 'V' <• 1* To join or be added. And vain were courage, learning -all, Till power accede. Shenstone. 2* To succeed, as an heir; to come to by inheri- tance ; as, Queen Victoria acceded to the throue in 1837. Ac eel er ate (ak-sSl'er-St), v. t.—Aecelerated mo- tion (Mech.), that which continually receives fresh accessions of velocity. If the accessions be always equal in equal times the motion is s^id to be uni- formly accelerated, as-that of a heavy body de- scending by gravity; but if tbe accessions of veloci- ty in equal times either increase or decrease, the motion is said to be variably accelerated.—Acceler ated force is the increased force which a body ex- erts in conFequence of the acceleration of its motion. —Accelerating force is the force which produces an accelerated motion, as gravity. ' Acceleration (fik'sel-er-a^shun), n. 1» The shortening of the time between the present and the happening of any future event. Specifically (Law), tbe shortening of the time for the vesting in possession of an expectant inteiest. 2* (Physiol, and Pathol.) increased activity of the functions, particularly of the circulating fluids. —Acceleration of tbe troori, the increase of its mean angular velocity about the earth, the moon now moving rather faster than in ancient times. This phenomenon has not been fully explained, but it is known to be partly owing to the slow process of diminution^whicb the eccentricity of the earth's orbit is undergoing, and from which there results a slight diminution of the-sun's influence on the moon's motions.—Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars, the apparent greater diurnal motion of the stars than of the sun, arising frotn the fact that tho sun's apparent yearly motion takes place in a di- rection contrary to that of his apparent daily mo- tion. Tbe stars thus seem each day to anticipate the sutt by nearly 3 minutes 66 seoonds of mean time. —Acceleration of a planet, the greatef rapidity with which it moves as it approaches the sun.—Accelera- tion and retardation of the tides, certain deviations' between the time of the actual occurrence of high waiter at any place and what it would be if it occur- jed after the lapse of a uniform mean interval. In Spring and neap tides the sun's action does not al- ter the time of high water, as in the former case tbe solar and lunar tides are synchronous, while in the latter the time of actual or lunar low water and of solar high water is the same. But in the first .and third quarters of the moon there is acceleration or priming of high water, as the solar wave is to the west of the lunar; and in the second and fourth ACCEPTANCE quarters there is retardation or lagging, for an analogous reason. Ac eel es*a tor (ak-sSl^er-at'er), n. 1. Onewhoor that which accelerates ; a hastener. 2. A post-oflice van. [Eng.] 3. (Anat.) A muscle which contracts to expel or accelerate the passage of the urine, etc 4. (Photog.) A name given to any substance which shortens the time of exposure either in tbe camera or the printing frame. Ac cen dent (ak-sgn'dent), n. An accensor. Ac ceild 1 bil 1 ty (ak-s6nd/'-b!l//i-ti), n. [Lat. ac- cendere.] Inflammability. Ac ccnd i ble (ak-send'i-ble), a. That may be in- flamed. Ac cend ones (ak-send'Ons), n. pi. [Lat.] Spe- cial gladiators employed by the Romans to animate and encourage the combatants in the amphitheater. Ac cen slon (ak-sen'shun), n. The act of kindling or setting on fire, or the state of being kindled; in- flammation. Ac cen sor (at-sSn'ser), n. One who sets on fire or kindles. (Eccl.) Specifically (i2. Cath. Cti.), a minister or servant whose business it is to light and trim the candles and tapers. A.C cent (kk'sent), n. 1. A peculiar or characteristic modulation or modification of the voice, such as that found in a given district or in a particular rank of society, or as expressive of passions or sentiments; manner of speaking or pronouncing; ' A perfect accent.'* Thackeray. The tender accents of a woman's cry. Prior. Your accent ia somewhat finer than you would pur- chase in so removed a dwelling*. Shak. 2* Words, language^, or expressions in general. Words, on your wings, to heaven her accents bear, Such word's as heaven alone is fit to hear. Dritden* 3. (ilfus.) A stress or emphasis given to oertain notes or parts of bars in a composition, divided into two kinds^—grammatical, and rhetorical or aesthetic. The first is perfectly regular in its occur- rence, always falling on the first part of a bar ; the aesthetic accent ia irregular, and depends on taste and feeling. 4. (Math.) (a) (Alg.) A mark used in order to avoid the confusion arising from tho use of many letters in an algebraical problem or a diagram, and also on other aocounts. ■ In this way the same letter or let- ters being distinguished by accents, may.be used to represent differ eiw magnitudes or quantities; thus abo and (t'b'c1 may stand for magnitudes as differ- ent in value as,those represented by different let- ters. (6) (Qeom. and Trigon.) An accent at the righ* hand of a number indicates minutes of a de- gree; two accents, seconds, etc.; as, 20° 107 30"=2ft degrees, 10 minutes, 30 seconds, (a) (Mensur. and Engin.) A mark-used to denote feet and inches; thus, 3' 6"=3 feet, 6 inches. Ac cent (ak-sgntO, v. t 1. To give expression to; to utter. Oongeal'd with grief, can scarce implore Strength to accent, Here my Albertus lies. Dr. Wotionj 2» To mark with an accent or accents; as, to ac- cent a word in order to indicate its pronunciation. —Accented parts of a bar (Mus.), those parts of tbe bar on which the stress falls, as the first and third parts of the bar in common time. Accent or (ak-sgnt'er), n. (Ornith.) A genus of insessorial birds, family Sylviidae, sub-family Ac- centorinffl. A. modularis Is the well-known hedge- sparrow, hedge-warbler, shuffle-wing, or dunnock. Ac cent u a ble (ak-sent'u-a-ble), a. That may be aocented. Ac cent u al (ak-s8ntfu-al), n. An accent mark. Huldcman. Ac cent u ate fak-sSnt'u-flt), v. t.\ ppr. accentuat- ing. To lay stress upon; to emphasize; to- give prominence to; to mark as of importance; as, he ac- centuated the views of the party on this question. Ac cen t n a tion (ak-sgnt'u ft"shun), n. 1. The act of accentuating, or state of being accentuated; the act of pronouncing or marking with an accent or accents; the act of giving accent. 2* (Eccl. Mus.) The intonation or modulation of the voice used in liturgical recitations. Ae cep tance (ak-sgp'taus), n. (Com.) (a) Anjen gagement by the person on whom a bill o^ exchange is drawn to pay the bill. To accept a bill, signifies in full, to 4 accept the obligation of paying the bill When it falls due.' The acceptor usually notifies his acceptance of a bill by writing transversely across the face of it the word 4 Accepted ' with the date at which it is payable, followed by his name, or that of the firm which he represents. An acceptance in this form is called General. If in addition to the above rords. other words are added, making it pay- able at some particular house, for example,4 paya- ble at the Alliance Bank,' the acceptance is then said to be Special. If, further, the acceptor refuses to make himself responsible for more than a part of the sum stated on the bill, say for $50, when the bill was drawn for $100, he writes 'Accepted for $50 only;' or if he inserts any other alteration in regard to time of payment, or the fulfillment of 'some condition, the acceptance is said to be Quali- fied. (b) A bill of exchange that has been accepted or the sum contained in it.—Acceptance wit?i God (Theol.\ forgiveness of sins and reception into God's favor. eh, oftaln; g, go; j, job; ng, siny; £h, theu ; th, tain; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure; or, food; oil,pound. jggp- 011 this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of "Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ACCEPTAN CES Ac cept an ces ( ak-cSp/tan-sez ), «. pi. ( Com. ) Bills accepted by a banking or other cnnnmercinl firm, God which take their place among the 4 liabili- ties ' of the acceptors to the payees. Acceptau cy (ak-s6p' tan-si), n. Act of accepting; acceptance. Here's a proaf of gift, But here's no proof, oir, of acceptancy. E. B. Browning. Ac cept ant (ak-sSp'taut), n. Same as Acceptor. Ac cept ed (ak-popt/ed), a. Acceptable. Behold, now ia the accepted time : behold, now is the day of salvation. 2 Cor. vi. 2. Accepter (ak-s5pt'er), ) n. 1* A person who Acceptor (ak-sept'or), ) accepts; Rpecifically (Co-™.), the person who accepts a bill of exchange eo ay to bind himself to pay the sum contained in it. 2. t One who favors unduly ; a respecter. Cod is no acceptor of persons; neither riches nor pcvorty are means to procure his favor. Chillingworth, Ac ccp lion | (nk-sep'&hun), n, The act of favor- ing unequally ; preference. kAccepcioun cf person?.' Wickliffe. Ac cess (ak'ses), n. 1* Admission to sexual inter- course. During coverture, access ofthe husband shall be pre- "sumed, unless the contrary be shown. Blackstone. 2» (Med.) Tbe attack or return of a fit or parox- ysm of disease, as of a fever ; accession. Tho first acces3 looked like an apoplexy. Bp. Burnet. Ac ces sion ( ak-sush'un ), n.—Deed, of accession (Scots Law), a deed executed by the creditors of a bankrupt, by which they approveof a trust given by their debtor for the general behoof, aud bind them- selves to concur in the plans proposed for extricat- ing his affairs. Ac com sit (ak-sSs'sit), n. [Lat., he came near.] {English Universities.) A term applied to a certifi- cate for a person second in merit. Ac ces sive (ak-sgs'iv), a. Acce^sional; contribu- tory ; additional; added. Hopkins ; Adams. Ac ces so ry (flk'ses-so-ri or ak-sSs'so-ri),*!. [Lat. acccssorius, from accedo, accessum.] Contributing to q general effect; aiding in certain acts or effects in a secondary manner ; belonging to some- thing else as principal; accompanying; as, acces- sory sounds in music; accessory muscles.—Acces- sory valves (ZoOl.), small additional valves, as those placed near the umbonea of the genus Pholas among Molluaca.—Accessory action (Scots Law), an action In some degree subservient or ancillary to another action.—Accessory obligation (Scots Law), an obliga- tion annexed to another obligation. Thus, an obli- gation for the regular payment of interest is acces- sor;/ to the obligation to pay the capital. Ac ces so ry (Sk'ses-so-ri or ak-sds'so-ri), n. Spe- cifically (Fine Arts), a secondary object introduced as illustrative or explanatory of the scene, or con- tributing to the general effect and harmony of the piece; generally, anything introduced into a work which is not absolutely necessary. Vases, columns, armor, etc., in historical paintings and portraits, are accessories. Ac ct dent al (Sk'si-dSnfal), a. {Med.) A term applied by French and some English writers to textures resulting from morbid action. Ac ct dent al Ism (fik'si-dSnfal-Izm),**. Thecon- dition or quality of being accidental; accidental fcharacter. Ac cl dent a ry f (Sk'si-dSnfa-ri), a. Accidental. Holland. AccI die f (Sk'si-di), ft. [Gr. axilla, torpor, neg- lect. J 1. Neglect; torpor; negligence arising from dis- content or melancholy. 2• (Eccl.) The theological name of sloth, one of the seven deadly sins, as taught by tbe Roman Cath- olic Church. Ac dp ft tral (ak-sTp'i-tral), a. ( Ornlth. ) Of or pertaining to the Accipitres, or birds of prey ; hav- ing the character of a bird of prey. 'Of temper most accipitral, hawkish, aquiline, not to say vul- turish.» Carlyle. Ac dp 1 Ira ry f (ak-sTp'i-tra-ri), n. A falconer. Ac dp 1 tres (ak-slp'i-trSz), n. pi. (Ornith.) The name given by Linnaeus and Cuvier to the rapacious birds, now usually called Raptores (which see). Ac eip i trft nse (ak-sTpM-trl^ng), n. pi. (Ornith.) The hawks, a sub-family of raptorial birds, family Falcotiidfe, with the wings shorter than the tail, and tho bill short and hooked from the base. They pounce on their prey when flying, and mostly in- habit cold climates. Ac els mas (ak-sls'mus), n. fLat., from Gr. okio-- coyness, affectation.] (Rhet.) A feigned re- fusal ; an ironical dissimulation. Smart. Aecla matef (ak'kla-niflt), v. t. [Lat. acclamo, acc\a maium.~\ To applaud. Waterhouse. Ac cla ma tor (&k'kla-ma//tor), n. One who ex- presses joy or applause by acclamation. % Acclama- tors who had filled. ...the air with * Vive le Roy.'* Evelyn. Ac clear nient (ak-klGr'ment), n. Vindication. The acclearment is fair, and the proof nothing. Racket. Ac ©II ma ta bl© (ak-kll'ma-ta-bl), o. That may be acclimated. Ac cJi *na ta tlon (ak-kll'ma-ta"shun), n. [Fr.] Acclimatization. 'The Acclimatation Society f of Nantes.1 London Times. 26 Ac ell ma it! za tlon ( aL'-kir/a3a-t!-sS'/shun ), n. Soma writers use this word only with regard to aQj- mal3 and plants, using acclimation when speaking of man. Ac cli nal (ak-kll'nal), a. [Lat. acolino, to bend up.] (Geol.) Leaning or bending up as the slo; of a stratum toward un anticlinal axis. Accllvef (ak-kllv'), a. fLat. acclivus% acclivis, eloping.] Rising ; steep. 'Tbe way'easily ascend- ing, hnrdly so avcliiie as a desk.' Aubrey. Ac coast f (ak-kOst'), v. i. [Lat. ad, to, and Eng. coast. J To fly low ; to move along near the earth. Ac coif (ak-k61 ), v. t. [Fr. accoler, to embrace- prefix ac for ad, to, and Lat. colluni, Fr. col, tho neck. J To embrace round the neck. Surrey. Ac co la (ilk'o-la), n. [Lat.J (Law.) A husband- man ; a borderer. Ac col 16 (ak-kol-a), a. [Fr. accole, Norm, accolle, embraced round the neck, coupled—ac for ad, to, and col, the neck.] (Her.) (a) Gorged; collared; applied to animals with collars, etc., about their necks, (b) Wreathed ; entwined, (c) Situated side by pide as two shields. Ac col 1<5 (ak-fcol-il), n. The accolade. Ac com mo date (ak-kQm'mo-dat), v. t. and i. J (Cow.) To lend with the view of suiting the conven- ience of the borrower. 2. (Theol.) To use the language of a prophecy in connection with an event which it typifies or illus- trates rather than directly predicts. In accommodating the passage 05 Scripture. Tho I nek. In Shakspere's aud Ben Jonson's days accommodate twas a very fashionable word, or, ae the latter words it, one of k the perfumed terms of the times.' Ac com mo da tiom ( ak-kOm'mo-da^shun ), n. [Lat. accommodatio, accommodationis. ]—Accomo- dation lands, lands bought by a builder or specula- tor who erects houses thereon, and then leases portions thereof upon an improved ground-rent.— Accommodation works, works which a railway company is required by 8 and 9 Vict. xx. to make and maintain for the accommodation of the owners and occupiers of land adjniniDg the railway, as gates, bridges, culverts, fences, etc. [Eng.] Ac com ode t (ik'kom-Od '), v. t. To accommodate. Ac com pa ni er (ak-kum'pa-ni-er), ». One who accompanies. Ac com pa ni ment (ak-kfim'pa-ni-ment), n. [Fr. accom pagnem en t. ] 1. (Paint.) An object accessory to the principal object, and serving for its orriament or illustration. 2. (Her.) Anything added to a shield by way of ornament, as the belt, mantling, supporters, etc.; also, a secondary bearing, as a saltier, bend, fess, etc., about.a principal one. Ac com pan y 1st ( ak-kfim'pan-ni-ist), n. One who plays the musical accompaniment to a song. The accompanyist ^played the melody all through, as loud a* he could. Dickens. Ac com passf (ab-kfim'pas), v. t. To bring about; to acquire. The remotion of two such impediments is not com- monly accompass'd by one headpiece. Hacket. Ae Com pllsli (ak kdm'plish), v. t. To render ac- complished. His lady is open, chatty, fond of her children, and anxious to accomplish them. Mad. VArblay. Ac compt ing-day f (ak-kount'ing-da), n. Day of reckoning. Ac cor age T (ak-kllr'Sj), v. t. Same as Accourage. Accord (ak-kordM, n. (Law.) An agreement1 be- tween parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when execut- ed, bars a suit. Accord (ak-kord'), v. t. and i. 1. To make an agreement or arrangement; as, we accorded before dinner. Sir W. Soott. 2* To agree in tone' or pitch. Ac cord I on 1st (ak-kord'i-un-Ist), ». A player on the accordion. Ac cor po ra tlonf (ak-kor'po-ra^shun), n.Incor- poration. Ac cost t (ak-kSst7), n. Address. Not gifted with that affable accost. Taylor. Ac Count (ak-kount'), n. (Stock Brokerage.) The operations on the stock-exchange performed dur- ing the period before the fortnightly settling-day.— To go on the account, a phrase formerly used of one who joined a piratical expedition ; to turn a pirate; probably from the parties sharing as in a commer- cial .venture. I hopo i$ is no new thing for gentlemen of fortune who are going on the account, to change a captain now and then. Sir W. Scott. —To make account^f to form an expectation; to judge; to reckon. This other part... .makes account to find no slender arguments for this assertion out of those very Script- ures which are commonly urged against it. Milton. They make no account but tha£ the navy should be ab- solutely master of the seas. • Bacon. —To make account o/, to hold in estimation or es- teem ; to value: generally with an adjective of quan- tity, ad much, little, no, etc.; as, he makes no account 6f difficulties. What is the son of man that thon makest account of him ? Pa. cxliv. 3. — Writ of account (Law), a writ which the plaintiff bringa demanding that the defendant 6hould render his just account, or show good cause to the contra- ACCUMULATOK ry. Called also an Action of Account.—To open an account (Com.), to enter it for the first timo m a ledger or other book.—Account sales, a separate tic- count rendered to the merchant by his broker, show- ing the goods sold, the prices obtained, and the net result after deduction of all necessary expenpes; also, a similar account rendered by the merchant to the consigner of goods, Rhowing the net proceeds of each consignment, after deduction of freight, commission, etc. Account (ak-kount7), v. t. l.fTo assign ao a debt; to set to the credit of; as, a project accounted to his service. 2. f To give an account, reason, or explanation of ; to account for ; to expla^u. 'A way of account- ing the solidity of ice.' GlanvWe. Ac count (ak-kount/;), v. i. f To aeckon. 4 Calen- dar months____by which months we still account' Holder. —To account of (with qualifying words), to hold in esteem ; to value. It [silver] waB nothing accounted of In the days of Solomon. 1 Ki. x. 11. Ac count f (ak-kounf), a. Accounted ; reckoned; ' Was with ioug use account no sin.' Shak. [In old- er editions this is printed accounted.] Accountable (ak-koun^a-bl), a. Of which ian account can be given ; reasonable ; capable of being rationally explained ; that can be accounted for: in this use opposed to unaccountable. [R.J—Account- able receipt, J^vritten acknowledgment of the re- ceipt of money or goods to be accounted for by the receiver. It differs from an ordinary receiptor ac- quittance in that the latter imports merely that money has been paid. Ac count-day (ak-kount'da), n. A half-monthly settling day on the Stock Exchange,©when differen- ces are adjusted between stockholders and stock- brokers. Ac cous tre ments f (ak-kfls'ter-ments ), n. pi. Same'as Accoutrements. Ac cou ter (ak-ktt'ter), v. t. To accoutre. Ac coyf (ak-koi/), v. t. To dishearten or subdue; to dannt. Then is your carelesne corage accoied. Spenser. Ac coyl f (ak-koil')i v. i. [0. Fr. accoillir, Mod. Fr. accueillir, to gather together—ac for ad, to, and coillir, Lat. colligere, to collect.] To gather togeth- er ; to crowd. About the caudron many cookes accoyld. Spenser. Ac cred It (ak-krSd'it), v. t. To send with creden- tials, as an envoy. They returned to court With no further pretension to power or iuiluence than an ambassador in our days when he returns from the oountry to which he is or- credited. J. White. Ac ere men tl tlal(2k/kre-men-tlsh"al),a. (Phys- iol. ) Of or pertaining to the process of accremen- tition. Ac ere men ti tton ( Sk' kre-men-tleh " un ), n. (Physiol.) The process of producingor developing a new individual by the growth, extension, and sep- aration of a part of the parent; gemmation. Ac cresce (ak-krSs'), v. i. [Lat. accresco, accre- turn, to increase, to grow to—ad, to, and cresco, to grow, increase.] To accriie. Ac cres cent (ak-krSs'sent), a. [Lat. accrescent^ accrescentis, ppr. of accresco.] (Bot.) App/ied to .the parts of the calyx or corolla which grow larger after flowering, as the winter cherry. Accrescimeaito (ak-krr), n. [Norm. Fr., a pur- chaser.] A purchaser; a purveyor; a caterer. Written also Acater. A gentil maunciple waB ther of a temple, Of which achat ours mighten take example, For to be wys in beyying vitaille. Chaucer. Achellary (a-kl'la-ri), o. [Gr. a, priv, and XeiAos, the lip.] Without a lip; specifically (Bot. a term denoting the absence of the I a be 11 um or lip in monstrous flowers of Orehidaceae. Aclseked, tPJ* Choked. ChaAta.tr. Achelor. f Ashlar. A chen© (a-kSn'}, n. (Bot.) Same as Achenium. ch, chain * g, 00; j, Job; ng, sin^; fh, them th, thin; w,toig; wh, whig; zh, azure; or, food; oil, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. . _ACHERNAR A cher nar (a-k6r'nftr), h. Same as Acarnar. Ach er on ti a (Sk'er-Qn 'shi-a), n. (EntomJ A genus of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, family Sphingidso. A. atropos is the death's-head moth, or death's-head hawk-moth. Ach e ru siau (&k'e-rfl/'zhan), a. Pertaining to Acherusia. Ach e ta (Sk'e-ta), n. [Lat. acheta, the male cica- da, lit. the chirper, from Gr. »jxc'w. to sound.*] (En- ■ torn.) A generic name sometimes used as equivalent to Gryllus. A chet ft d«e (a-kSt'i-dS), n. pi. [Acheta, and Gr. et£oc, resemblance.] (Entom.) A name given by some naturalists to the Gryllidse, or cricket family.- Ache-weed (ak'wSd), n. Goutwort. A cilia (icha), ) ».• An Indian name for the pifck- Acli lar {5ch fir), > led shoots of the young bum- boo (Bambusa arundinacece), used as a condiment. Ach 11 le a ( ik'il-le^a ), n. [From a belief that . Achillea used a plant of this genus to cure Telephus. J l ( Bot.) A genus of plants ; the milfoil genus. See milfoil. A chll le Id (a-kll'le-ld or fik'il-l^ld), n. A name (rendered familiar by Grote, the historian of Greeco) given to those books (i. viii. and x4.-xxii.) ; of the Jliad in which Achilles is prominent. They ; are supposed to have formed a separate and origi- ( nal poem, afterward enlarged and expanded by ad- ditions, descriptive of various episodes in the Tro- jan war, in which other heroes than Achilles figure . conspicuously, the whole forming an epic of the Tro- jan war,and called the Iliad, Those critics who recog- nize a personal Homer as the author of the Iliad and Odyssey suppose that the Achilleid was an ear- lier effort, afterward developed, or that he found the Achilleid and made It the nuolen* if. a more ex- tended epic. A clill le Is (a-kirie-is or Hk'H-lS^is), n. Same as Achilleid. A chll les Ten donta-Wl'ieztgn'don),**. (Anat.) See Achillis tkndo. A chll lis Ten do ( a-ktl'lis tSn'do), n. [Lat.] (Anat.) The tendon of Achilles; the strong tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, which is inserted in the heel: so called because the heel was eald to have been the only vulnerable part of the hero. Also called chorda magna. A chlm e nei ( a-klm'e-nez ), n. [Perhaps from Lat. achcemenis, name of an Indian plant. J (Bot.) A genus of tropical and subtropical American plants, nat. order Gesneracese, much cultivated in our hot- houses on account of their ornamental character. They grow from 1 to 2 feet high. Ach lng (ak'ing), p. a. Enduring or causing p&in^ painful. What peaceful hoars I once enjoy*d, How sweet their memory still ; But they have left an aching void The world can never fill. Camper. A chl o te (a-chi-O'tflorft-kJ-O'ta),) ». [Sp., from Ach o te (ak-O'tS), J achiolt, the or- iginal Indian name of the tree.] (Bot.) Thearnotto- tree, and the dye obtained from it. A chl ra (a-chS'ra), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Canna (C. edulis), with a large esculent root, yield- ing tous-les-mois, a starch superior to the ordinary arrow root. Its tubers are eaten as lobd in Chili and Peru. ^kch 1 rile (fik'i-rlt), ». [After Achir Maned, who first brought it from Siberia, and tried to dispose of it for emerald.] (Min.) Emerald malachite; di- optase. A chl rus (a-kl'rusV n: [GFr. o, priv., and x«P» a hand.] (Ichth.) A genus of fishes, family Pleuro- nectid® (flat-fishes), distinguished from all the oth- er genera by the total want-of pectoral fins; hence their name. They resemble the common sole in appearance. A chl rus (a-kl'rus), a. Having no hands. A chlam y date (a-kl&in'id-at), a. [Gr. a, priv., and a cloak.] (ZoOl.) Not possessing a mantle ; as, achlamydate Branchiogasteropoda. Ach la myd e ae (3k'la-mId"e-€), n. pi. (Bot.) A group of dicotyledonous plants which want both calyx and corolla, as the willows, oaks, and birohes. Ach la myd e ous (akaa-mWe-us), a. [Gr. a, priv., and a/xvv, a mantle.] (Bot.) A term applied to plants which have neither calyx nor corolla, and whose flowers are consequently destitute of a cover- ing, or naked; without floral envelop. Ach ly a (4k'li-a), n. pi. (Bot.) A remarkable group of water plants referred by some botanists to the algse, but by others supposed to be aquatic forms of some fungi. They grow parasitically on dead flies lying in water, on fish, frogs, or deoaying plants. They look like little gelatinous tufts, and are composed of colorless filaments. Ach mite (Sk'mlt), n. Same as Acmite. A cho 11a (a-kO'li-a), ». [Gr. axoMu, from a, priv., and bile.] (Med.) Lack or deficiency of bile. A chol t thlte (a-k51'i-thlt), n. An acolyte. To see a lazy, dumb Acholithite Armed against a devout fly's despight. Ball. Ach o lous (ftk'o-l&s), a. (Med.) Deficient in bile; wanting bile. A cho rl on (a-kO'ri-on), n. (Med.) A name some- times given to the fungus which produces the dis- ease achor. Ach ras (fik'ras), n. [Gr. axP««» the wild pear-tree.] (Bot.) A gentts of tropical trees, nat. order Sa- 28 potaceee, with entire leathery leaves, and yielding a copious milky fluid when wounded, something like gutta percha. One species, A. Sapota (called also Saputa Achras), is the eapodilla plum. Acli ro chord. ( &k'ro-kord ), n. Same as Achro- chordu8. A chro ma tl za tlon ( a-krO'ma-ti-zfl/'shun ), n. [Fr. achromatisation. J The process or act of achro- matizing or rendering colorless. A chro ma top sy |La-krO/ma-t5p/,sn, n. [Gr. a, priv., color, and oi/us, vision.] A name ap- plied to color-blindness; want of that faculty of sight which enables one to distinguish colors: also called Daltonism.. A cliron ic (a-kr8n'ik), a. Same as Acronical. Ach y ran thes(fik/i-rfin"thez),n. (Bot.) Agenus of trees and shrubs sometimes found erect and pro- cumbent and sometimes climbing, belonging to the order Amaranthacere. A clc u la ted (a-slk"u-ia'ted), a. (Bot.) (a) Same as Aciculate. (b) Having superficial marks, as if scratched irregularly with the point of a needle. Ac Id (fis'id), n. (Chem.) A general ^erm in chem- istry applied to a group of compound substances, possessing certain very distinctive characteristics. All acids have one essential property, viz. that of combining chemically with an alkali or base, form- ing a new compound that has neither acid nor alka- line characters. The new bodies formed in this way are termed salts. Every acid is thus capable of combining to form as many salts as there are basic substances to be neutralized ; so that salt-forming power constitutes the true definition of an acid. Ac Id If Ic (fts'id-If'ik), o. Producing acidity or an acid ; acidifying. A c'ld I fy (a-sld'i-fl), v. t. To sour. His thin existence all acidified with rage. Carlyle. Ac id met rlc ( as'id-mfif'rik ), a. Pertaining to the estimation or measurement of the strength of acids. A eld u lie ( a-sld'u-lS ), n. pi. [ Lat. ] Medicinal springs, the waters of which are impregnated with carbonic acid. A eld u la ted ( a-sld^u-13'ted ), p. a. Tinctured somewhat with an acid ; rendered moderately sour. A eld u la tlon (a-sId/u-lA'/shun),n. [Lat.] (Chem.) The art, mode, or process of acidulating or render- ing somewhat sour: applied to the preservation of food by vinegar. A eld u lent ( a-sld'u-lent ), a. Being somewhat acid or sour; cross; tart; peevish. ' Anxious acid- ulent.* Carlyle. A cler age (S'sSr-aj), n. [Fr. acier, steel.] A pro- cess by which an Engraved copper-plate or an elec- trotype from an engraved plate of steel or copper has a film of iron deposited over its surface by elec- tricity, in order to protect the engraving from wear in printing. By this means an electrotype of a fine engraving which, if printed directly from the cop- per, would not yield 500 good impressions, can be made to yield 3,000 or more. Whenever the film of iron becomes so worn as to reveal any part of the copper underneath, it is removed and a fresh coat- ing deposited; and in this way as many as 30,000 good impressions have been printed from the elec- trotype of a finely-engraved plate. A cler ate shoulder-blades to the loinp, Which the ajaimal can- not reach to scratch. A~cock bill (a-k&r'bil), a. or adv. (Naut.) A term denoting (a) the position of an anchor when it hangs down by its ring from the cat-head ;' aud (5) the position of the yards when they are topped up< at an angle with the deck. 111. PI. 1, Fig. 4. Ac o e met se (ak-O-a-mgt'C), n. (Eccl. Hist.) An or- der of Greek monks who chanted the divine service day and night unceasingly, dividing themselves for this purpose into three bodies, succeeding one another in alternation. They flourished in the 5th century, but were suppressed in the 6th century for- leaning toward Nestorianism. A cole t (a-c6i'), v. i. To make quiet. Chaucer. Ac o lin (ak'o-lln), n. (Ornith.) A bird of the* partridge kind, native to Cuba. . ,' A col le (a-c51-a), p. o. See Accolle. Ac o log Ic (Ak'o-lttj"!^, o. Relating to acology. A col o thist (a-k51'o-thist), n. Same as Acolyte. Ac o lyc tine (ak'o-llk"^), n. (Chem.) A bitter tasting, white powder, having an alkaline reaction, and capable of neutralizing acids, obtained from the roots of the Aconitum lycootonum, whence it de- rives the name. Ac o lyte (Sk'o-llt), n. (Astron.) An attendant or accompanying star or other heavenly body; a satel- lite. Ac o lythe (fik'o-llth), n. An acolyte. A com ber t (a-k5mt>er), v. t. To encumoer; to clog; tb overwhelm, And lette his sheep acombered in the mire.— Chauzv~r. A con dy Ions (a-kQn'di-lus), la. [Gr. neg. pre- A con dy lose (a-kftnMi-lOs), ) fix a, and k6i/£vao$, a joint.] (Bot.) Jointless, being without joints. Ac onlta (Sk'o-nr'ta), n. (Chem.) Same as AconU tine. Ac o nit Ic (Sk'o-nIt"ik),a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to aconite.—Aconitic acid, a tribasic acid (CfiHgOfi) obtained from species of the genus Aconitum. It. occurs as an amorphous mass, and forms three classes of salts. A con i tin (a-kSn'i-tln), n. Same as Aconitine. Ac o ni turn (ftk'o-nr'tuni), n. [Lat., Gr. olkovitov* a poisonous plant, like inonk'8-hood. J (Bot.) A ge- nufe of poisonous plants, nat. order Ranunculaceae^ The species are hardy, herbaceous plants, many o£ them of great beauty. The Bish or Bikh'of Nepaul, used in poisoning arrows, etc., is derived from a. plant of this genus, supposed to be a variety of A Napellus. See Wolf's-bane. Ac on tl a dee (fik'on-tr'a-de^Ti.pl. (ZoOl.)"Afami- ily of saurian reptiles, of which the geuu4 Acontiaa. is the type. It includes three genera. See Aco^t- txas. A con tl as (a-kOn'ti-as), n. 1. ('Bof.) A genus of Brazilian plants, nat. order Arace®, with spots on their stems like those of the reptiles so called. 2. (Astron.) A name given to a blazing star«, shooting swiftly like an arrow. Ac o ra ce ae (Sk^ra^se-g), n. pi. (Bot.) Sweet- flags ; anat. order of herbaceous plants, of which, the genus Acorus is the type. They are generally included in the Arace», from which they differ oniy in having hermaphrodite flowers. Acorn (a^orn), v. n. To pick up and feed oa. acorns ; as, the pigs are out acoming. A corn (a korn), n. (Naut.) 1. A small ornament- al piece of wood, of a conical or globular shape, sometimes fixed on the point of the spindle above, the vane, on the mast head, to keep ^he vane from being blown off. 111. PI. 1, Fig. 6. 2. See ao^bn-shell.—A horse foaled of an acorn% an oak; so applied to the gallows. Td like to have rid a horse that was foaled of an acorn. (i. e. he had nearly met with the fate of Absalom). Smollett. A corn (a'korn) n.—Acorn-ball, an acorn fixed on ita oupule, or cup, as a ball may be in a socket; th» acorn. Alternate leaf and acorn-ball In wreath about her hair. Teirnyson. —Acorn-barnacle (Bot.), the Balanus crenatus, com- mon on the British coast.—Acorn-cup, the chpeuleot the acorn. The acorn-cups of the Quercus JEgilops, under.the name valonia, have become an important article of commerce, large quantities being used iu tanning.—Acorn-meal, a meal made on acorns.— Acorn-oit) an oil expressed from acorns.—Acorn- shell, (a) the shell of the acorn. (6) (ZoGl.) One of the cirripeds of the genus Balanus, allied to the * barnacles, called by this name from a supposed re- semblance of some of the species to acorns; a balafi- oid. A corned ( S'kornd ), a. (Her.) Said of an 6ak represented on a coat of arms as loaded with acorns. A cor nle (a-kor'nl), n. [Fr. acorne, horned.] A drinking vessel with ears or handles. [Scotch. J Item, a silver cup, with silver acornie, and horn spoons and trenchers. Campbell. notation : fl, 8,1. 0, 0 long; * 6,1, 0, fi, short; a, e, i, o, a, obscure; , far, f&ll, f$st, oAre; Mr, mOve, cr; bull, ft, E*r.; fi, Fr., ton; « On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries,ACORTJS 29 ACT Sayeiv, to eat.] A narue given to an an- " »cient Ethiopian tribe, represented as feeding on locusts. A crisia (a-kr!s'i-a), n. [Gr. neg. prefix a; and icpio-is, judgment.] {Med.) A condition of disease in which no judgment can be formed, or in which an unfavorable judgment must be given. Written also Acrisy. Dunglison. Ac rites (Sk'rltz), n. pi. {ZoOl.) Same as Acrita. Ac rl to cliro ma cy (Sk'ri-to-krO''ma-si), n. [Gr. a*pitos, not distinguishable, and xpu>/*a, xpwp.a.ros, color.] Same as Achromatopsy. Ac ro a mat ics (ak'ro-a-milf'iks), ». pi. Aris- totle's lectures on the more subtle parts of philos- ophy. Ac ro at les (£k/ro-2t//iks), n. pi. Same as Acroa- matics. A crob a tes (a-krQb'a-tEz), n. (ZoOl.) A subge- nus of Pelaurus, a genus of marsupial animals, family Phalangistid®, indigenous to Australia, con- taining the opossum mouse (A. pygmasus), one of the smallest of the Marsupialia. It is hardly larger than a mouse, and has a parachute. 111. PI, l,Fig. 6. Ac ro bat Ic (Sk'ro-biit/'ik), a. Of or pertaining to an acrobat, or to his performance. Aoro bry a (fik ro-brr'a), n. pi. [Gr. a>cpo9, at the highest point, and 0pvw, to bud, to germinate.] {Bot.) A class of plants in which the growth takes place by additions in an upward direction; acro- gens. Ac ro carp al (ak'ro-kftrp//al), a. Same as 4cro- carpous. Ac ro car pi (2k 'ro-k&rp''I), n. pi. [Gr. a*po?, highest, and xaprros, fruit.] {Bot.) A division of the mosses containing the species in which the capsule terminates the growth of a primary axis. Ac ro car pld I um (fik'TO-kar-pId^i-um^n. [Gr. axpoKapTro?, fruiting at the top—axpoe, top, and Kapiroi, fruit.] {But.) A genus of plant", nat. order Piperace®, or Pepperworts, one species of which, A. hispidulum, is used in the West Indies as a bitter and stomachic. Ac ro carp ous (5k'ro-karp"uR), a. {Bot.) Ap- plied to mosses whose flower terminates the growth of a primary axis; of or pertaining to the Acro- carpi. The flowor of mosses either terminates the growth of a primary axis {aorocai*pnus), or the flower is placed at the end of an axis of the second or third order {pleuro- carpoim). Sachs. Ac ro ce phal lc (Sk'ro-se-fai'lk), a. [Gr. a*pos, high, and Kea.\ij, the head.] {Ethn.) A term ap- plied to the pyramidal or high-skulled tribes of men, or to their skulls. Ac ro cer i dae (5k/ro-eSr//i-d6), «. pi. [Vlr. a*po?, at the top, and Kepas, horn.] {Entom.) A family of two-winged flies belonging to the order Diptera, and the suborder Brachycera (short-horned, or having shoft antennae). The organs of the mouth are sometimes entirely wanting. Ac ro chor don (Sk'ro-kord^on), n. [Gr., from axpos, high, extreme, and x°P&Vi a ntring.] 1. {Med.) An excrescence on the skin, with a slender base ; a kind of hard wart. 2* {ZoOl.) The acrochordus, or wart snake. Ac ro ci nus (Sk'ro-sr'nus), n. [Gr. a*poi/, point, *"nd Kivioti to move.] {Entom.) Agenus of longicorn coleopterous insects, family Oerambycidre, so called f. om haying the spine on each side of the thorax movable. A. longimanus, the harlequin beetle of South America, is the type. It is 2J inches longt with antennas 5, and fore-legs alone I inches long. Ac ro co ml a (Sk'ro-kO"nii-a), ». [Gr. a*pos, ex- treme, and a tuft.J (Bnt.) A genus of trop- iea; American plants, nat. order Palmaceae, allied to the cocoa-palm. The species include some of the moet majestic palms, 30 or 40 feet high, and crowned with a tuft of gigantic leaves. Ac ro dac tyl um (ak'ro-dakr/til-um), n. [Gr. a*po?, high, uppermost, and 5od-en- graving. A crokef (a-krOk'), ct. Crooked ; awkward. 'The ■matter is acrolceS Chaucer. Written also Acrooke. Ac ro le pis 1 dae (Sk'To-le-pIs^i-dg), n. pi. [Gr. a/cpos, extreme, and Ac7riV, a scale.] {Paleon.) A family of fossil ganoid fishes having rigid scales. A crora o no gram mat lc (a-krOm'o-no-gram- mat"ik), n. and a. [Gr. axpo?, extreme', p.6vo<;y alone, and ypdfip.ay a letter.] A term applied to a poetical composition in which every verse begins with the same letter as that with which the preced- ing verse ends. Ac ro-nar cot Ics (ak'rn-n&r-kSf'iks), n. pi. [Gr. a/cpos, extreme, and Eng. narcotics.] {Med.) A di- vision of poisons, chiefly of vegetable origin, which irritate and inflame the alimenf-ary canal, and act on the brain and spinal cord, producing stupor, coma, paralysis, and convulsions. Called also JVar- cotico-acrids or Narcotieo-irritants. Ac ro nyc tus (Sk ro-nlk^tus), a. [Gr. a*po?, treme, and pvktos, night.] {Astron.) Applied to the stars when they either appear above or sink below the horizon at sunrise or sunset. A crop e tal (a-krQp'e-tal), a. [Gr. a/cpoy, top, and ire'raAof, a leaf.] {Bot.) Having an origin succes- sively nearer the top of the axis, as leaves..J Ac ro po di um (ak'ro-pC'di-um), a. [Gr. a*po?„ the top; and ttovs, foot.] (ZoOl.) The upper surface of the whole foot. Ac ro pol 1 tan (ak'ro-pBFi-tan), a: Relating to an acropolis, or highest part of a city. Ac ro sau rus (fi^ro-s^'rus), n. [Gr. a*po$, ex- treme, and aaupos, a lizard.] {Paleon.) An extra- ordinary fossil reptile, with thirty or forty teeth, and a broad cheek-bone process, occurring in the tries sandstones of South Africa. A cros po rous (a-krOs'po-rus), a. [Gr. o*po?, a summit, and trwopo?, seed.] {Bot.) A term appella- tivp of one of the two modes in which fruit is formed in fungi. In this method the spores' are naked and produced at the tips of cells. A cross (a-krQs'), adv. fUsed as a kind of excla- mation when a sally of wit miscarried, in allusion to failure when jousting, as at the quintain. ' Good faith, across.1 Shak.—To break across {Tilting), to allow one's spear by awkwardness to be broken across by the body of the adversary, instead of by the push of the point. One said he brake across. Sir P. Sidney. A cros tic (a-krbs'tik),n.—Double acrostic, a kind of acrostic, composed of words to be guessed, fron. the first and last letters of which other wqrds art to be formed. Ac ro tar si um (&k/ro-t6r//si-um), n. [Gr. ofrpos, highest, and tapcro?, tarsus, solo of the foot.] {A/iat.) 1 The upper surface of the tarsus. Ac ro te ri al (Sk^o-te^ri-al), a. Pertaining to th^ acroterium ; as, acroterial ornaments. > Ac ro tlial 11 gi nae ( ak'ro-thfll'li-^'nS^y n. pi. [Gr. a /epos, extreme, flaAAoy, a thallus or frond, and' yevraw, to produce.J {Bot.) A term for cryptogam- ic plants which increase only at the top, W)d have thnlli in place of leaves. Ac vo tliym 1 on (fik'To-thlrn'M-ou), ». [Gr. a>epo?, extreme, and 0i//u.os, thyme.] {Med. ) A rugose wart, with a narrow basis and broad top, compared by Cel8us to the flower of thyme. Called also Thymus. A crot lc (a-krOt'ik), a. [L. Lat. acroticus, from Gr. . a. Performing duty, service, or functions; often applied to one who does the real work of an office for a nominal or honorary holder of the post; one who does interim duty for a superior in the case of the latter's absence or de- cease. The day after Captain Kearney's decease, his acting successor made his appearance aboard. Mari^/at. Ac tin i a dse (Sk'tin-r'a-dS), n. jd. (Entom.) A family of Coelenterata, belonging to the order Heli- anthoida, of which the genus Actinia is the type. Actinic (ak-tln'ik), a. (Photog.) Applied to a ,compound'lens when the real image which it gives upon the screen is such.that a large number of those colored rays which exert chemical action upon the substances composing the sensitive tablet are com- bined with sufficient of the luminous rays to render the image visible. [8ee Actinism.] ^.c tin lam ( Ak'tin-izm ), n. [Gr. axn'?, oktivo$, a , ray.] * 1. The radiation of heat or light; or that branch of natural philosophy which treats of the radiation of heat or light;. 2» The property of the chemical part of the sun's rays, which, as seen in photography, produces chemical combinations and decompositions. A ray, • #hen decomposed by refraction through a prism, is found to possess three properties, viz. the lumi- nous, the heating, and the chemical or actinic, the two latter acting at opposite ends of the spectrum. The actinic property or force, or actinism, begins among the violet rays, and extends a long way be- yond the visible spectrum. Ac tin o ca max ( &k ' tin - o - kS' m£ks ), n. [Gr. d*ri'?, aKrli'os, a ray, and K<£/xa£, a stake.] (Paleon.) A fossil genus of cephalopod mollusca, seemingly connecting the Belemnites with the existing Sepias; now extinct. Ac tin o car pus (8k' tin - o - kar " pus), n. [Gr. axn'?, d*Tivos, a ray, and kapn-o?, fruit.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order AlismacesB ; star-fruit. A. Damasonium is a British plant, growing in ditch- es and pools, mostly in a gravelly soil. Ac tl no-cliem Is try (ak-tl'no- or Sk'tin-o-kSm" is-tri), n. Chemistry in its relatio^to actinism. [See Actinism.] Ac tin © crl nit© (ak'tin-o-krI"nIt), n. [Gr. awriy, axrlpo?, a ray, and Kpivov, a lily.] (Paleon.) An ex- tinct fossil animal belonging to the encrinite genus. Ac tin o gram (ak - tin ' o-gr&m), n. [Gr. dim's, aKTivoi, a ray, and ypafifia, a letter.] Thai which is produced by operating an aotinograph. Ac tin old ( ftk'tin-oid ), a. [Gr. dxrt?, afmpo?, a ray, and ct6oc, likeness.J Eesemblinga ray or rays; radiated. Ac tin ol da (Sk'tin-old^a), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A class of marine Radiata; the same with Actinozoa (which see). Ac tin o lite f ak-tfn'o-lft ), n.—Actinolite schist (Min.), a metamorphic rock consisting principally of actinolite, with an admixture of mica, quartz, or feldspar ; its texture is slaty and foliated. Ac tin ol o gy (&k/ti-n51//o-ji), n. [Gr.a«rt's, a/crlvo?, a ray, and Aoyos, a discourse.] 1* That branch of science which investigates the power of sunlight to cause chemicafaction. 2. (ZoOl.) The science relating to radiated ani- mals. Ac tl nom © rls (Sk'ti-nSn/'e-ris), n. [Gr. a*n'?, a ray, and /*epi?, a part.J (But.) A genus of plants, order Asteracese. Ac tin o met ric (ak-tln'o-mSt'-'rik), a. Of or be- longing to the actinomoter, op the measurement of tho chemical or actinic action of the sun's rays. Ac itt nopla o rus (fik/ti-n5f//or-us), a. [Gr. axris, cktivos, a ray, and^epu, to carry.] Having straight, projecting, or ray-like spines. Ac tin o so ma (ak-tln'o-sO^ma), n. [Gr. axn't, a.K7ivo<;, a ray, and aifia, body.] (ZoOl.) A term em- ployed to designate the entire body of any actino- zodn, whether this be sLmple( aein the sea-anemones) or composed of several zo5idg (as in most corals). Ac tin os torn© (Sk'tinnis^tOm), n. (ZoOl.) A new name given to the mouth of the Radiata. Agassiz. Ac tin ote (ik'tin-Ot), n. [Gr. anris, aicAvos, a ray.l (Min.) A radiated mineral, consisting of silicate of calcium and magnesium; actinolite. Ac tin o seo a (ak-tla'o-z0"a), n. pi. [Gr. a^n's, oktu'os, a ray, and an animal.] (Zottt.) A class of radiated, soft marine zoophytes, embracing the sea-aiiemoaes, corals, sea-pens, etc., in which the stomach acts also as a lung, and is separated from the mouth by a ppace divided into chambers by par- titions bearing thea-eproductive organs. Some are compound, living on a polypidom, some adhere to rocks, etc., and gome are free. All have beautifully rayed tentacula arranged around the mouth, which, when displayed, present in some genera, as Actinia, no remote resemblance to some of our finest com- posite flowers. Thoy are reproduced by germs thrown out at the moslh, by ^emmules or buds de- veloped on the base ai their disk, and by division, each separated part becoming a complete animal. They proaent that strange generative phenomenon known ae metagenesis or alternation of generation. They, witi* the Hydrozoa, constitute the sub-kiug- dorn CSc&J^nterata. Ac tin o.aso on (ak-tTn'o-zO//on), n. [See Actino- zoa.] (ZoOl.) An individual member of the Actino- zoa, whether simple or compouad. Actlonf (Sk'ehun), v. t. To bring an action against. If you please to action me, take your course. Gentleman Instructed. Ac tlon (fik'shun), ». 1. (Phytiol.) Any one of the active processes going on in an organized body ; some manifestation of vital activity; the perform- ance of a function ; as, the aotion of the stomach or the gastric juice on the food; a morbid action of the liver. Among thesa action* some are distin- guiofeed as voluntary, as the oottfcraotions of the voluntary muscles; involuntary, as those of the lunge and heart; mixedy as those of respiration, deglutition, etc.; reflex^ which doubtless include most involuntary actions, but correspond also to those performed by voluntary muscles under the in- fluence of stimuli which do not reach the conscious- ness. 2, (Mus.) The mechanical arrangement for con- veying the impulse of tho player's fingers, when striking the keys, to the air in an organ-pipe or to piano-forte strings. 3* The movements or works of a watch or clock. 4. (Man.) General movements of the limbs and body ; as, a horse of fine action.—Quantity of action (Phy8ica),.the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through and its velooity.—Principle of least action (IViysioe), Lagrange's name for a law of motion which he enunciates thus: * In a system of moving bodies, the scrm of the products of the masses of the bodies by the integral of the products of the velocities, and the elements of spaces passed over is constantly a maximum or minimum.' Ac tion le«a (Sk'ehun-les), a. (Law.) Unfit to be made the subject of a legal action; without power to maintain a legal action ; not actionable. Ac tion-ser mon (ak'shun-B&r^mon), n. (Scotch Church.) The sermon preached prior to the dis- pensation of the communion. Ac tions (flk'shunzj.n.pl. The mecfaanism attached to the keys of Pianos, whi^h act on the hammers to make thetoa strike the cords, and thus prevent their rebound, and bring them without jerking to their place when the keys are released. Ac tion-threat en er (ak^shun-thrgt'n-er), n. One who threatens actions at law. Actiousf (&k'Bhu8), a. Active; full of activity. [Very rare.] Warner, Ac tiv a folef { (Sk'tiY-a-bl), a. Capable of activi- Ac tlve a ble f ty. So many activeable wits. Return f^om Parnassus. Active (Sk'tiv), a. (Med.) Applied to certain medicines whioh produce quick and notable changes •upon the body ; also, to the method of treatment in which active remedies are used.—Active or living force (Physics), same as Vis viva (which see).— Active symptoms (Pathol.), symptoms of excite- ment. Ac tivef (Sk'tiv), n. That which is active. It ia well knowe, both to reason and experience, every active worcneth on his passive. Chaucer. "Ac tlve mentf (Sk'tiv-ment), ». Business ; em- ployment. Bp, Reynolds. Acts of ttae Apostles. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the books of the New Testament, the authorehip of which is commonly ascribed to St. Luke. It begins with the ascension of Christ, ond gives an account of the early spread of the gospel, and more espe- cially of the part played therein by St. Paul, lfttl« bein^' said of the other apostles except St. Peter. The narrative comes down to 62 a. d. Act « al (Skt'fi-nl ), a.—Actual sin (Theol.)% that committed by a person himself, in opposition to original sin, inherited from Adnm. Act u al (iikt'fl-al), n. (Finance.) A cant term for actual or real receipts, as opposed to those which are only estimated ; that which is actually received. Act u al 1st (akt'fi-al-ipt), n. One who is opposed to idealism ; one who acts upon, or deals with, facts really existing, disregarding all theories and fancies ; opposed to idealist. Qrote. Act u a I i za tion (akt/n-fll-i-z5//shun). n. A making real or actual; the reducing of an idea to a state of actuality or realness ; the state of being made actual. 4 He [Aristotle] seeks the idea only in its actualization.' J. H. Seelye. Act u ate (Skt'd-at), t\ t. 1. f To invigorate ; to develop ; to strengthen : said of inanimate objects. The light made by this animal depends upon a liv- ing spirit, and seems by some vital irradiation to be actuated into this luster. Sir T. Bvovne. 2. f To carry out; to execute; to perform. k To actuate what you command.' Jer. Taylor. Act u a tor ( £kt fl-H-ter ), n. One who actuates or puts in action. Act ure t (akt ur), n. Action; performance. Shak. Ac tju ri enc© (ak-tfl'ri-ene), ». [L&t.agere, actumy to do, to perform.] Inclination or impulse to per- form or act; desire for action. [R.] Qrote. Ac &us (Sk tus), n. [Lat.] (Law.) A road for pas- ••Bgers riding or driving ; a highway. [K.] i A cu le a ta ( a-kfl'le-2 'ta ), n. (Entom.) Sting- bearers, a name sometimes given to a group of hy- menopterous insects, in which tho abdomen of the females and neuters is armed with a sting, consint- ing of two fine spiculfe, with reverted barbs, con- nected with a poison reservoir. It includes beea and wasps. A cu le ate (a-kil Me-at),a. f Stinging; caustic; severe. A cu le at© ( n-kfl;lo-3t), n. (Entom.) A bymen- opterous insect having a sting ; one of the Aculeata. A cu 1© 1 form (a-kfl'le-i-fonn), a. Formed like a prickle. A cu 1© o late (a-kfl'le-o-iat), a. ( Bot. ) Having small prickles or sharp points; slightly prickly. A cm ml nat ed (a-ktf' mi-n/lt'ed), a. Sharpened to a point; sharp-pointed ; acuminate. This is not acuminuted and pointed, as in the rest, but seemeth, as it were, cut off. Sir T. Broirne. A cu mi iaa tion (a-kfl'mi-n&' shun), n. Acuteuesn of intellect. [R.] Wits, which erect and inscribe, with notable zeal and acuminatiun, their memorials in eveiy mind thoy meet, with. Waterhtmae. A cu mi nose («-kfi'mi-n0s), a. (Bot.) Having a sharp or tapering point; nearly acuminate. [R.J Ac u min u late ( ilk ' 11 -m!n"tl-iat ), a. (Bot.) Slightly pointed or tapering; acuminate in eome degree. Ac u press (fik'fl-prSs"), v. i. (Surg.) T6 arrest hemorrhage by compression, or by means of acu- pressure. , Ac u press (ftk'fl-prge"), v. i. To use acupressure in stopping hemorrhage. Ac u pre# sion (ak'tt-prgsh^nn), n. Acupressure (which see). Ac u pres sure ( ak'H-presh^flr ), n. [Lat. act*s, a needle, and Eng. pressure.] (Surg.) A method of stopping hemorrhage in arteries in amputations, etc., consisting in pressing the artery closely by means of a pin or needle or bit of inelastic wire, introduced through the sides or flaps of the wound, instead of tying with a thread. There are various modes of inserting the pin. Ac u puuct u ra tor ( fik'H-pfingt^fl-rS'ter), n. (Surg.) An instrument for performing the opera- tion of acupuncture. \ Ac u punct ure (ilk'U-pfingftlr),». [Lat. octts, a needle* ^nd punctura, a pricking,] 1. (&irg.) In modern surgery acupuncture is confined to muscular, tendinous, and aponeurotic parts, and is employed chiefly to relieve neuralgic and chronic rheumatic pains, the needles being sometimes used to conduct a galvanic current, and sometimes made hollow to convey an anodyne or sedative into the tissues. 2, A mode of infanticide in some countries, a needle being forced into the brain through the spi- nal marrow, etc. Ac u ru (&k'0-rf>), n. The name in India of a fra- grant aloe-wood. A cute ang led (a-kflt'5ng"gld),a. Havingsbarp or acute angles, or angles less than right angles. A cute-anig u lar ( a-kflt'ilng 'gQ-ler ), a. (Bot.) Applied to stems with 6harp corners or edges, as in the Labiatre. Ac u t© nac u lum (2k/tl-te-nak/'fl-lum), n. [Lat. acus, a needle, and tenaculum, a holder, from teneo% to hold.] (Surg.) A needle ttith a handle, which is used to send it faster through the skin, etc., in stitching a wound. A cute ness (a-ktlt'nes), n. 1. (Rhet. or Mus.) Sharpness or elevation of sound. 2. (Med.) Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis. A cu tl fo ii ate (a-kfi'ti-fC'li-flt), a. [Lat. acutus. sharp, from acuo, to sharpen, and folium, a leaf.J (Boi.]^ Having sharp-pointed leaves. Qray. h6r. moye. or; ..bull* U, Fr.; b, Fr., ton v the latest editions ^ Webster'« and Wor- N«taxiom: a, 6,1, 0, tl, long; g, Iff, 5, ft, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, fftll, f«st, ©Are; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contain1* cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ACUTILOBATE £. en ti lo bate (a-kfl'ti-10"bflt), a. [Lat. acutua, sharp, and lobue, a lobe.] (Bot.) Having acute lobeseaid of certain leaves. Gray. & ey an o Mep tty (a-sl^an-o-blgp'si), n. [Gr. a, priv., Kvavos, blue, @Keina4 to look on.] (Med!) A de- fect in vision in consequqndb qf which the color blue cannot be distinguished. Ac y rol o gy (Hs'l-r^Po-ji^n. [Gr. a*vpo?, devoid of authority, and Aoyos, speech.] Erroneous or care- less diction. A dac tyl (a-dilk'til), ». [Gr. c, prlv., and j5aKTvAosv a digit.] (ZoOl.) A locomotive extremity without digits. Written also Adactyle. da gi et to (a-dA'j6-St"to), a. [Tt.] (-Jfus.) Hav- ing a quicker movement than adayio. A da gt et to (a-da'je-fit -to), a. [It ] (tfua.) A Abort adagio. A dagio (a-dS'jO), n. (Jtfus.) A slow movement; p. musical composition in blow time. Atl a gy f (ftd'a-ji), n. Same as Adage. Ad. a laai ta do (M a-lan-t&"do), n. Same as .Ad©- lantado. Ad a lid (Wa-lCd"), n. [Sp.] A commander. Irving. Ad aim (Xd'am), ». [Hob. ddnm, a human being, male <»r female, perhaps so called from his ruddi- ness (ddam, to be rod). Gesenius.] 1c The name of the first man *, the progenitor of the human race. 2. Jocularly, a sergeant or bailiff : explained by the commentators as referring to the fact that the fcu£? worn by the bailiff resembled the native buff Of our first parent. Kot lhat A'iitm that kept the gardea, bqt that Adam that keeps the prison. Shak. & The frailty inherent in human nature, regard- ed as inherited from Adam in consequence of the full. And whipp'd the offending Adam oat of him. Shak. —Adam's apple (Bot.), (a) a variety of Iho lime (Citrus Limetta) with a depression, which is fanci- fully regarded in Italy as the mark of Adam's teeth. (f>) A name given to a species of banana (Musa par- adisiaca), a perennial plant.—Adam and Eve {Bot.), the popular name in the United States for a terres- trial orchid (Aplectrum hiemale).—Adam's ule, Ad~ amys wine, water. [Colloq.] Ad a mail told (M'a-mSn 'toid), n. [Gr. a&afia?, asdfiai/tos, the diamond, and ct5oc, resemblance.] (Ci-ystallog.) A crystal which is characterized by being bouuded by forty-eight different triangles, as for example, the diamond. A dam ic (a-d&m'ik), o.—Adamio earth, common rod clay, froip a notion that Adam means red earth. A dam Sc al (a-dfan'ik-al), a. After the manner of Adam, and so in a nude state. Compare Adamtti- cat>. la the extract it means carnal, unrega her ate. [R.J Though the divol trapan The Adnmicai man The saint stand* uninfected. fiterrv Drollerie. Ad ant it I cal (Bd'am-If'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or resembling Adam ; hence, as applied to clothing, scanty. Compare Adakicai.. [r.j Your behavior del Cabo will not relish in Europe nor your Adamltocal garments fence virtue in London. Gentleman Inql>-ucted. Adapts (Sd'a-pTs), «. 1, (Paleon.) An extinct thick-skinned mammal of tha tertiary formation, somewhat resembling a hedgehog, but about three times its size, discovered by Cuvier in the plaster quarries near Paris. Its teeth combine the charac- ters of the Anoplotherium and the tapir. 2. (ZoOl.) A name applied to the cony of the Scriptures; the hyrax. A dapt (a-d5pt')» v. '• Specifically, to remodel, work up, and render fit for presentation on the stage, as a play from a foreign language or a novel. A dapt (a-dfept').<*. Adapted; fitted. And in all stations active be, Adapt to prudent husbandry. If TJrfey. Ad ap ta tton (ad'ap-tS"shun), n. That which is adapted; specifically, a play translated or construct- ed from a foreign language or a novel, and rendered suitable for representation; as, this comedy is a free adaptation from a French author. A dapt ed (a-dSpt'ed),, p. a, suitable; having Adaptation. A dapt menls(a-dapt'mects), m^I, A word coined by Walpole as more expressive than ''•eavvniences' of what he wished to convey. All the conveniences, jor rather (if there was such a word), all the adaptments, are assembled here. Walpole. Adarce (a-d fir's!), n.*[Gr. «5ap*?j.] A spongy saltish coucretion or efflorescence on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is soft and porous; and has been used to cleanse the skin in leprosy, tetters, etc. A dar con (a-dfir'kon), n. (Jeurish Antiq.) A gold coin worth about $6.25. The distinguishing mark of the piece was a crowned archer. A dar me (a-d&r'mS), ». A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an ounce. A dase f (a-d&zO, v. t. Same as Adaze. Chaucer. A daw t (a-da'), v. i. To moderate; to become lass vehement; to become dannted. Her wrathful corage gan apal. And baughtio spirits meekly to adato. Spenser, 31 r let )(a-d$'lei), u. [Hind.] In the East r lut i Indies, a court of justice, civil or A daw let A daw criminal. A daaef (a-dSzO, v. t. [Prefix a, intens., and daze.} To dazzle. Sir T. More. Ad da (ad'da), n. [Ar.] (ZoOl.) A small lizard, the Sincus officinalis, which occurs in Syria, Arabia, In- dia, Egypt, Nubia, Abyssinia, and elsewhere. It is celebrated by Eastern physicians on account of its imagined efficacy in curing elephantiasis, leprosy, and other cutaneous diseases common in thoee re- gipns. Ad da ble (ad'a-bl). a. That may be added; addi- We. Ad dax (Sd'aks), n. (ZoOl.) A species of antelope, Jiippotmgaa {Oryx) nasomaculatus, and one of the largest of the genua, being of the size of a large ass, vith much of its make. The horns of the male are about 4 feet long, and beautifully twisted into a wide-spreading spiral of two turns and a half, .with the points directly outward. It has no proper mane on the back of the neck; but has tufts of hair on the forehead and throat, and large broad hoofs to tread on the sand. It was unknown to modern nat- uralist* till discovered by the German traveler Riip- pel on the barren sands of Nubia and Hordofan. It is also found in the woody parts of Caifraria. It is the sirep3iceroa (twisted-horn) of the older writers. Ad deem (ad-dgrn), v. t. [Lat, adimo, to takeaway-] 1. {.Law.) To withdraw, revoke, or take away, as a grant, a legacy , or the like, 2» To deeia; to judge; to determine; to esteem; to account. EJba ecorns to be oAdeemed so worthlees-base. Daniel, Ad den dun* (ad-dSn'dam), n.—Addendum circle {Mech.), the space or distance between the pitch line of a gear, and the circle touching the ends of the teeth. Ad der (Sd'er), ». 1# One who adds. 2. A calculating machine ; an abacus. Ad der (fitter), n.—Adder-bolt, the dragon-fly.—Ad- der-gem, a kind of charm.—Adder-mouth (Bot.), a popular name applied to certain plants of theorchid family of the genus microstylis. They grow, gen- erally, in wet or swampy places in New Englandt and further south.—Adder-pike (Ichth.), a species of fish, 6 or 8 inches long, found on the British coast. Called also Lesser Weever or Sting-fish. It is the Trachinus vipera, family Percidsa, of natu- ralists.—Adder-stone, the name given in different parts of the country to certain perforated stones or glass beads found occasionally, and supposed to have a kind of supernatural efficacy in curing the bites of adders. They are believed by archseolo-* gists to have been anciently used as spindle-whorls, that is, a kind of small fly-wheels to keep up the rotatory motion of the spindle. Some stones or beads of this kind or similar were by one supersti- tious tradition said to have been produced by a number of adderB patting their heads together and hissing till the foam became consolidated into a bead, which was supposed to be a powerful charm against disease. Called also Serpent stone and 2>ru- idical Bead. Ad diet ed (ad-dlkt'ed), p. a. Habituated; accus- tomed ; abandoned to. • Ad dl son's IMs ease (fid'di-suusi «tir,-gz/),n.*(Ri- thol.) A structural disease of the supra-renal cap- 8uie8 characterized by ansemia, extreme* prostra- tion, and the brownish olive-green color of the skin. Called also Supra-renal Melasma or Bronzed-akin Disease, first described by Dr. Addison. Ad dl tlon (ed-dlsb'un), v. t. To furnish with an addition, or designation additional to one's name. Some are additioned with the title of laureate. Fuller. Ad die (ftd'l), ». 1* Urine* the drainage from a dunghill. 2. Laborer's wages. 3* Same as Atlah Ad dle-laead ed (Kd"l-hgd'ed),) o. Stupid , mud- Ad die-pat ed (fld^l-pat'ed), J died. Ad die-plot (ad'l-plQt), n. A person who spoils any amusement; a mar-sport. Ad dllng (fid'ling), n. 1. {The act of earning by labor. 2* pi. That which is earned; earnings. [Prov.] Ad dres« (ad-dres'), v. t. 1« fTo clothe or array; to drees. Other writers and recorders of fables could have told yoa that Tecla sometimes addressed herself in man's apparel. <• , Bp. Jewel. 2. (Com.) To consign or entrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was ad- dressed to a merchant in Baltimore. Ad dressf (ad-dres'), v. i. 1. To address one's eelf; to direct speech. My lord of Burgundy, We first address toward fOU, Shak. 2* To make an address or appeal. ^The Earl of Shaftabary having addressed in vain for his majesty's favor resorted by habeas corpus to the JLing's Bench, Marvell. 3« To prepare one's 6elf; to get one's self ready. Let us address to tend on Hector's heels. Shak. They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. Milton. Ad dress ee (ad-drSs'8), n. One who is addressed; specifically, one to whom a letter is addressed. Ad dress er (ad-dres'er ), n. One of the opponents of the court party of Abhorrers, in the time of ADENOPHYMA Charles n., so called from their address to the Iking praying for an immediate aeeembly of the Parlia- ment, which was delayed on account of its being adverse to the court. They received also the name of Petitioners, and afterward that of Whigs. Ad drees faul (ad-drcs'ful), a. Skillful; dexterous; Mallet. Ad dres Bloat (ad-drSsh;un), n. The act of ad- dressing or directing one's course; hence, speed; haste. To Pylos first be thy addression then. Chapman. Ad duett (ad-dQktO* u. t. [Lat. adduco% adductum.] To draw on ; to induce ; to allure. Either impelled by lewd disposition or adducteii by hope of rewarde. Time's Storehouse. A dec a ( a-dSk'a-tTst), n. [Gr. a, priv., and SenaT€vu>, to dacimato.] (Ecel.) One who Is op- posed to paying tithes. TR.] A deem (a-dCiaOi t>. t. [Lat. adimo.] (Law.) To annul, take away or revoke, as a gift, grant, legacy, etc. A deep (a-dSp'), A poetic expression, equivai- lent to, in, or toward the depths. We shout so adeep down creation's profound. We ere deaf to God's voice. E, B. Browning, .Ad © laei tacP.il lo (Sd'a-lan-tft-dCFyOX n. [Sp.J A Spanish red wine made o.f the earliest ripe grapes. Ad e lar tlaro &o ma ta (fid'e-l&r-thro-sf/'ma-ta), n. pi. [Gr. afojAos, hidden, apBpov, a joint, and ayeif, to eat.J (Med.) Voracious apr petite; bulimia. A dept (adept')* n. [Lat. adeptui, pp. of adipiscor^ to obtain—ad, and apiscor, to reach after, allied to Skr. dp, to arrive at.] An alchemist, who claimed or was reputed to have obtained the philosopher'a stone, or the panacea. A dep tist (a-.dgp'tiat), n. One who is well skilled; an adept. [R.J Ad es my (ad'es-mi), n. [Gr. a5«opa, indifferent or non-essential things.] (Eocl.) A fol- lower of Melanohthon in the sixteenth century, who maintained that, in matters indifferent, charity was to be preferred to unifor&ftty, and that obediencb was due to the imperial power. . The Adlaphorists also accepted the interim of Cfesrles V. ' 32 Ad t apli o rls tic (2d/i-Sf/o-ris//tik),a. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to the Adiaphorists, or to the contro- versies between the followers of Luther and Me- lauchthon. A dl apli o ryt (a'di-Jfo-ri), n. Neutrality; in- difference. A di a tlaer mlc ( a'di-a-ther^mik ), a. [ Gr. a, priv., 6ta, through, and heat.J Impervious to heat. A digit t f (a-dlf), v. t. To set in order. A digit t f (a-dlt), p. a. Set in order ; arrayed. Ad I pate (ad'i-pSt), n. (Chem.) A salt of adipio acid. Ad I po cere (Sd^i-po sgr'), ».—Adipocere mineral, a fatty matter found in some peat-mosses, and in .the argillaceous iron-ore of Merthyr; adipocerite. It is inodorous when cold, but when heated it emits a slightly bituminous odor. Ad i po cire (fid 'i-po-sSr'), n. Same as Adipocere. Ad i pose (Sd'i-pGs), a. [From Lat. adeps, fat.]— Adipose ^tissue (Physiol.), an aggregation of minute cells (adipose cells or vesicles), which draw fat or oily matter from the blood, dispersed in the inter- stices of common areolar tissue, or forming distinct masses. The cells are 3fajth to s^th of a line in diameter, and contain the fat within a transparent membrane suiiroth of a line thick. Adipose tissue underlies the skin, surrounds the large vessels and nerves, invests the kidneys, etc. It sometimes ac- cumulates in large quantities, and forms swellings, which are called in pathology adipose tumors.— Adipose substance (Physiol.), animal fat.—Adipose arteries (Anat.), the branches of the diaphragmatic, capsular, and renal arteries which nourish the fat around the kidneys.—Adipose membrane (Phy- siol. ), the tissue enclosing the fat in animal bodies. A dtp si a (a-dip'si-a), n. (Med.) Same asAdipsy. A dip 80us(a-dfp/sus), a. [Gr. dittos, not thirsty.] Satisfying or allaying thirst: applied to certain fruits. Ad It (3d'it), n. Admission; access ; approach. Yourself and yours shall have Free adit. Tennyson. A dive (a-dlV), ». Another name for Corsak. Ad jec tiv al ly ( ad'^ek-tWal-li or Sd'jek-tiv-al- li), adv. By way of, or as, an adjective ; as, a noun or participle adjectivally used. Ad jec tlve (adjek-tiv), a. 1. Pertaining to an adjective; as, the adjective use of a noun. 2. Added or adjected ; additional. [R.]—Adjec- tive colors (Dyeing), colors which, having but slight attraction, require to be fixed by some base or mor- dant in order to render them permaneut.—Adjec- tive vefb (Oram.), a name applied to the participle by some grammarians, on accouut of its partaking of the nature of both the verb and adjective. Ad jec tlved (fld'jek-tlved),#. a. Formed into an * adjective. Adjoint (Sd'joint), n. One joined to another in company, or in an enterprise; a helper. [R.] Daniel. Ad journ (ad-j6rn')» v. i. To cease sitting and car- rying on business for a time, as from one day to an- other, or for a longer period : usually said of legis- latures, courts, or other bodies; as, the House of Commons adjourned at four o'clock. Adjournal (ad-j6r'nal), n. (Scots Late.) The proceedings of a single day in, or of a single sitting of, the Court of Justiciary ; equivalent to sederunt as applied to a civil court.—Act of adjournal, the record of a sentence in. a criminal cause.—Book of adjournal, a book containing the records of the Court of Justiciary. Ad ju gate | (ftd'ju-gSt), v. U [Lat. adjugo, to yoke fto. to join—ad, to, and jugum, a joke.] To yoke to ; to join to another by a joke. Bailey. Ad junct (Sd'jungt), n. 1. (Metaph.) Aqualityof the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired, as color in the body, thinking in the mind. £• (Mus.) A scale or key closely related to an- other ; a relative scale or key. The relatiye minor or major scales; the scales founded on the domi- nant and the subdominantare adjuncts of the tonic. Adjunct (tld'jungt), a.—Adjunct notes (Mus.), un- accented auxiliary notes, not forming an essential part of the harmony. Ad ju ra to ry (ad-jtKra-to-ri), a. Containing an .adjuration, or characterized by earnest adjura- tions ; as, an adjuratory appeal. Ad just tve (ad-justiv), o. Serving or tending to adjust. Ad ju fant-crane (Sd'ju-tant-kran)/n. The bird culled adjutant. Ad ju tant-gen er al ( Sd'ju-tant- jgn'er-al), n. 1. (Mil.) The principal staff officer of the army of the United States. 2» ( Eccl. ) The title formerly given to one of a select number of Jesuit fathers, who resided with •the general of the order, each of whom had a prov- ince or country assigned to his care. His business was to communicate with his province by his dele- gates, emissaries, or visitors, and give infocmation the father-general. — Adjutant-general of the forces (Mil.), an officer of high rank at the Horse Guards, to whom all communications are addressed regarding leave of absence, discharging, recruiting, etc. [Eng.] Ad ju tant-storktSd'ja-tant-stork),*!. The same as Adjutant-crane. Ad ju ta tor (dd'ju-ta^torl, «. ^Lat.J An assist- ant; the name given* during the English civil war to two members named by each regiment to repre- ADMITTEDLY sent It In the council for the purpose of maintaining the rights of the army. Adjuvatef (ad'ju-vat), v. t. To render as&let- ance ; to aid; to help. Ad la tus (ad-15'tus), n. [Lat.^from affero, to aid, to assist.] One who gives persc®al aid or attend- ance ; an aid-de-camp ; a personal assistant. Ad io cu tlon (Sd^o-kQ^shun), n. Allocution. Ad meas ur er (ad-mSzh'ar-er), n. One that ad- measures. Ad mln i cle (ad-min'i-kl), n. A help. It is also a Scotch legal term equivalent to collateral proof. See Jamieson. The author -would have the sacraments of Baptism, and of the Body and Blood of Christ, to be Adminicles as it were. Cranmer. Ad mi nic u lar (2d/mi-nik//u-lar), ) a.—Ad- Ad mln ic u la ry (ad mi-nik^u-la-ri), J minicu- lar evidence (Law), explanatory or completing evi- dence. Ad mi nic u late (2d/min-Ik/'u-iat), tJ. i. To give, adminicular evidence. Ad ml nic u la tion (ftd'mi-nlk'u-lfi^shun), n. A prop or support. [R.] Some plants grow straight, some are help't by ad- miniculatiou to be straight. Backet. Ad mi nic u la tor f (5d/min-Ik//u-lfl/ter)1 n. An assistant; specifically, an advocate for the poor. Admirable (ad'mi-ra-bl), n. A kind of drink made of plums, peaches, water, sugar and 6pirit. Ad mir a bles (id'mi-ra-blz), n. pi. Wonders. Sure in the legend of absurdest fables I should enroule most of these admirables. Sylvester. Admiral (Sd'mi-ral), n. A name given to two species of butterflies : Vanessa atalanta, or red ad- miral, and Limenitis Camilla, or white admiral. —Admiral of the fleet, an honorary title of distinc- tion conferred on a few admirals, and carrying an. increase of pay along with it.— Vice-admiral, (a) an officer next in rank and command to the admiral. He carries his flag at the foretop-gallant-mast head. (b) A name also given to certain officers, as tha lords-lieutenant of counties, governors of colonies, etc., who have power to hold courts of vice-admi ralty.—Rear-admiral, an officer next in rank to the vice-admiral. He carries his flag at the mizzentop-- gallant-mast head.—Lord high admiral, in Grea^ Britain, an officer who (when this rare dignity id conferred) is at the head of the naval administra- tion of Great Britain. There have beeu few high admirals since 1632, when the office was first put in commission. James Duke of York (afterward James II.) held it for several years during Charles II.'8 reign. In the reign of William and Mary it was vested in lord commissioners of the admiralty and since that time it has been held for short peri- ods only by Prince George of Denmark in the time of Queen Anne, and by William IV., then Duke of Clarence, in 1827-28. The lords commissioners of the admiralty were formerly seven, but are now four in number, with the addition of a civil lord ; the first lord is always a member of the cabinet, and it is he who principally exercises the powers of the office. Ad mi ral (Sd'mi-ral), a. Carrying an admiral v chief in a fleet. . The admiral galley... .struck apon a rock. Knnllen. Ad mi ral-sl&ell (ftd'mi-ral-Bhei), n. (Conch.} The popular name of a subgenus of magnificent sheila of the genus Yoluta. Admiration (&d/mi-r£"shun). n. Something that astonishes; that which causes wonder or ad- miration ; a prodigy. [Poet.] Shak. Admirativet (iid'mi-ra-tiv), «. The point of exclamation or admiration, marked thus (.'). Ad mired (ad-mlrd'), p• oi Regarded with won- der ; wonderful; admirable. You have dieplaoed the mirth, broke the good meeting. With most admir'd disorder. Shak. Ad mis sion (ad-mlsh'un), n. 1. (Eccl.) (a) In the Church of England, the act qf a bishop ad mitting or alloViug a clerk to enter a cure to which he has been presented. (6) ^n the Church of Scot- land, an act of a presbytery admitting a minister to his church, or, as ftie law expresses it, collating him to his benefice. 2* Acknowledgment; confession ' of a charge, error, or crime ; as, he made full admission of his guilt.—Admissions in a suit (Law), tho^e facts or matters necessary to support the ca?e of a plaintiff, "or of the defendant, in a suit in equity, the neces- bity of proving which is removed by the opposite party admitting them. Admissions are either upon the record or by agreement between the parties. Ad mis sion-mon ey (ad-mish^un-mun'i),' n. M onev paid as an admittance fee. Ad mis sive (ad-ml8/iv), a. Having the nature of an admission; admitting ; containing an admission or acknowledgment. 'More admissive■ than ex- cufatory.* . Lamb. Ad mlt (ad-mlt')» v. i. To give warrant or* allow- ance; to grant opportunity; to permit; with of; as, circumstances do not admit of this; the text does not admit of this interpretation. Ad mit ta ble (ad-mlt'a-bl), o. That may be ad- mitted or allowed; capable of being admitted; ad- missible. Admittedly (ad-mlt'ed-li), adv. Confessedly; readily conceded; by admission. Notation: 5,0,1,0, fl,Jong; a, 6,1, 5, u, ehort. a| e, i, o, u,obscure; £lr, fg.ll, f^st,c&re; h6r, mOve, or ; byll, Q,'Fr.; fi,Fr., ton; t#r On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ADMONITIOInIST 4kd mo ni tion 1st (&d'mo-nTsh//un-ist), n. (Each) One of a body of Puritans who in 1571 sent an admo- nition to Parliament condemning everything in the English Church not in accord with the principles and practice of that of Geneva. Ad tuoit i live ly (ad-mSni-tiv-li), adv. Inanad- moaitive manner; by friendly warning*or admoni- tion. ^Ld ill on i to ri al (ad-m8n'i-t0'7ri-al). a. Reprov- ing; admonishing; having the manner of an ad- monitor. Miss Tox. i. .1*^8 acquired an admonitorial tone, and a habit of improving passing occasions. Dickens. Ad mur mar a Uou f I ad-mer'mer-a//shuu), ». A murmuring. Ad na tion (ad-nS'shun), n. (Bot.) A termapplied to that state in plants in which the whorls or differ- ent sets of organs grow together or become consol- idated. Ad nit bi lat ed (ad-nCbi-lSt'ed), a. [Lat. ad, to, and nubilo, nubilatum, to be or to make cloudy, from nubcs, a cloud.] Clouded ; obscured. A do be (a-do bi), «. [Sp., from adubar, to dress, prepare.] A sun-dried brick ; and, as an adjective, built of sun-dried bricks ;-as, an adobe house. Ad o lesce (ad'o-les"), v. t. To grow up; to in- crease in size. Ado lode (iid'o-lGd), n. [Gr. a, neg., and SoAc?, fraud.] An apparatus for detecting fraud in distil- lation. Ad o nai (ad'o-nl or Sd'o-na-i), n. [Heb., Lord.] The Hebrews considered the word Jehovah too sa- cred to be pronounced, and substituted for the word wherever it occurred in reudiug the word Adonai, which retained the Hebrew pointing of the word Jehovah. . Ado ni a (a-dO'ni-a), n. (Anc. Hist.) A festival of two days' duration celebrated anciently In honor of Adonis, by females. The first day was spent in . mourning and lamentation, and the second in feast- ing and merry-making. A do nls (a-dO'nis), n. [This was the name of the sun-god among the Phoenicians, of same origin as Jleb. adonai, lord, adon, master.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) The favorite of Aphrodite (Ve- nus), said to be the son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. Ho was fond of hunting, and received a mortal wound from the tusk of a wild boar. Aphrodite la- mented his death, and changed him into the plant which bears his name. 2. This name is often used as typical of manly beauty, or is applied to a young mau of graceful bearing, and sometimes used sarcastically of a fop, or one who is excessively particular in his dress; an exquisite ; as, he is quite an Adonis. 3* (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to thenat. order Rauunculaceae. In the corn-adonis (4. au- tumnalis) the petals ere bright scarlet, aud are con- sidered as emblematical of tiie blood of Adonis, from which the plant is fabled to have sprung. !• A kind of wig formerly worn. He puts on a fine flowing aionis or white periwig. (Jraves. Ad o nise \ (ad'o-nlz), v. t. [From Adonis (which Ad o liize ) see).] To make beautiful or attract- ive ; to adorn one's self with a view of attracting ad- miration : said only of males. [K.] I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and admiizing myself. , Smollett. A do nist (a-dOn'ist\ ». [Heb., Chal. and Syr. Adon, Lor 1, a scriptural title of the Supreme lie- tng.] (Eccl.) One of a sect or party of Biblical critics who maintain that the Hebrew points ordina- rily annexed to the consonants of the word Jehovah are not the natural points belougiug to that word, and that they do not express the true pronunciation of it; but that they are vowel-points belongiug to the words Adonai and Elohim, applied to the ineffa- ble name Jehovah, which tho Jews were forbid to utter, and the true prouun :if tion of which waslost; they were therefore always to pronounce the word • Adonai instead of Jehovah. - A dopt a bil i ty (a-dopt'a-blV'i-ti), n. The state of being adoptable; the capability of being adopt- ed ; also, that which can be adopted or made use of. 4 The select adoptabilities.1 , Carlylc. A dopt a ble (a-dOpt'a-bl), o. Capable of, fit for, or worthy of, being adoptel. 'The Liturgy or adoptable and generally adopted set of prayers.' Carlyle. A dopt ed (a-d5pt'ed),p. a. 1* Received or taken as one's own son or daughter. -jy 2* Assumed or selected as one's own. A dop ti ail (a-dflp'shi-an), a. Of or pertaining to the doctrine of adoption. — Aloptian controversy (Eccl.), a controversy which originated in Spain in the eighth century with the Archbishop of Toledo, who maintained that although Christ, in respect of his divine nature, was by generation the Son of God, yet that, as regards his human nature, he was only a declared and adopted son. The heresy was con- demned by several synods, but it has reappeared at various times, and whs defended by, amongst others* Duns Scotus, in the fourteenth century. A dop tion (a-d6p'shun), n. (Theol.) The recep- tion of those who are justified by faith, into tbe family of God, and who are thus admitted through a particular exhibition of divine favor ; that special act of divine favor by which men are received into :the family of God. - 33 A dop tion 1st (a-dSp'shun-ist), n. (Theol.) One who maintains that Christ was the Son of God by adoption only, and not by generation. Prof. Murdoch. A dor (a'dor), n. [Lat.] (Bot.) A name for spelt. Ad o ratef (ad'o-rat), v. t. To adore. A king this moment that kings adorate. Davies. Ad o ra tion (Sd'o-ra^shun), n. 1. (R. Cath. Ch.) The word sometimes expresses an inferior sort of divine homage; thus, it rnay be applied (a) to the homage paid to the eucharist, because Catholics be- lieve in the real presence of Christ in the sacramen- tal elements. (b) To the ceremony of prostration before the crucifix practiced in all Catholic church- es on Good Friday, (c) To th&worship paid to the Virgin, saints, angels, and relics. [Considered an improper usage, however.] The term is also ap- plied to a ceremonious manifestation of respect and submission shown by the cardinals to the pope after his election. 2. A mode by which the cardinals in conclave sometimes elect the Roman pontiff. In adoration, unlike scrutiny, the cardinals rush hastily, as if act- uated by some overpowering internal impulse, and elect a pope by acclamation. 3. (Art.) A pictorial representation of the ado- ration of the infant Jesiy? by the magi and the shepherds. A do rato ry (a-dO'ra-to-ri), n. A place of wor- ship ; a church or chapel. Sovthey. A doref (a-dOr')i v. t. [Lat. ad, to, and aururn, gold.] To gild ; to adorn ; to decorate. Like the hoar Congealed drops which do the morn adore. Spenser. A dore f (a-dOr'), v. t. To invoke. Wherewith the Britans being fensed and inclosed, do yet adore the Roman forces. Holland. A dor ingf (a-dOr'ing), n. Act of adoration; act of homage paid by a lover. A dor nate f (a-dor'nat), v. t. To adorn. 4 To ador- nate gardens.' Frampton. Ad or iia tion t (2d'or-n5"shun), n. Ornament. Memory is the soul's treasury, and thence »-he hath her garments of adornation. Wit's Commonweal til. A dorn er (a-dorn'er), n. One who adorns. A dorn ing (a-dorn'ing), n. Ornament; decora- tion. 1 Pet. Hi. 8. A dorn ing ly (a-dorn'ing-li), adv. By adorning or ornamentation. -Vsvv A dorsed (a-dorst'), ) a. [Fr. adosxte, part, of ados- A dossed (a-d6st')» J ser, to set back to back, from dos, Lat. dorsum, the back.] (Her.) Applied to auy two animal®, birds, fishes, or other bearings placed back to back. 111. PI. 1. Fig. 7. Ad os oil la tion (ad-6s'ku-liT shun), n. [Lait.ad, to, audosuulatio, a kissing, from osculum, a kiss, or little mouth, dim. of os, oris, the mouih.) 1. (Bot.) The impregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils. 2. (Physiol.) Impregnation by external contact merely, aud not by intromission, as in fishes. A dossed (a-dtist ), p. a. See Adorsed- A dox a (a-d6ks'a), n. [Gr. a, without, and So£a, glory.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Cap- rifoliacere. The only species, A. moschatellina (mos- chatel), is a little inconspicuous plant, 4 or 5 inches high. The pale greeu flowers have k musky smell, and the plant is much sought after by the curious for the sake of its modest delicate appearance. Ad»'pressed (fid-prest'), a. (Bot.) A term applied to branches of leaves which rise parallel and close to the stem, and are brought into contact with it without adhering to it. Ad pro mis sOr (rid'pro-mis"or), n. [Lat.] (Rom. Law.) An accessory to a promise in order to give a stipulator greater security. AdradT (a-drud'), a. Afraid; in great fear or dread. - ; . 'i They were adrarl of him as of the death. Chaurer. Ad ra gant (M'ra-gfmt), n. .A name given to gum tragacanth. • A dreamtf (a-drgmtM^pp. or a. Used only in the phrase, I was a dreamt, for, I dreamed. I wfts adrenmt on thee too. • ^ Webster. [In Oxfordshire adreamt means dozing. Halliwell.] Ad re nal (ad-re nal), a. [Lat. ad, to, and renus, the kidueys.J (Anat.) Designating two glandular, bodies which are connected with the kidneys. A dri ail ite (a'dri-an-It), n. 1. (Eccl. Hist.) The name of one of the followers of Simon Magus, who flourished about the year 34. 2» (Eccl. Hist.) One who adopted the doctrines rof Adrian Hamstead, the Anabaptist, who held some ! peculiar viewp concerning Christ. ; A dri an o pie-red (a'dri-an O"pl-r5d or fld 'ri- . au-O'pl-red), n. [From Adrianople, a city of Tur- key.] Turkey-red; a dyer's term for red obtained from tnadder. A dri at ic (S'drl-St'Mk or rtd^ri-Sfik),' a. [Lat. Adriaticua or. Hadriaticus, Adriatic, pertaining to % Adria or Hadria, a town betweeu the mouths of the i Po and the Adige.] (Geog.) Pertaining to the gulf called, from Venice, the Gulf of Venice. A dri at ic (a'dri-Sf'ik or ad'ri-at^ik), n. (Geog.) The gulf of Venice : a sea that washes the eastern coast of Italy. - N Adrift (a-drlft'), a. or adv. [Prefix a, on, and drift, a driving or floating.] - ADUST 1* (Naut.) Not fastened by any kind of moor- ings ; at the mercy of winds and currents ; broken away from its fastenings, as a vessel: as an adjec- tive it always follows its noun. ' Trees adrift down the great river.' •. Milton, So on the sea she shall be set adrift. Dryden, 2. (Fig.) Swayed by any chance impulse ; also, all abroad ; at sea ; at a loss. Frequent reflection will keep their minds from run- ning adrift. Locke. Ad ro gate (ad'ro-gSt), v. t. To adopt by adroga- tion. Clodius, the enemy of Cicero, was adrogated into a plebeian family. Smith's Diet. Antiq. Ad scrip tive (ad-skrlp^tlv), a. Held to service as attached to some object or place, as a 6erf or slave. Many estates peopled with crown peasants have been ceded to particular individuals on condition of estab- lishing manufactories ; these peasants, called adscript' ive, working at the manufactories on fixed terms. Brougham. Ad sfg ni fica tion (ad-sTg^i-fi-kS^shun), n. 1. A paodification of the sense of a word by means of a prefix or suffix. - Tooke. 2. An additional signification. And in this opinion (viz. that there is no adsignifica- tion of manner or time in that which is called the in- dicative mood, no ads ignifica tion of time in that which is called the present participle), I am neither new nor singular. Home Tooke." Ad sig ni fy (ad-slg'nl-fl), t. To add significa- tion or meaning to a word by a prefix or suflix. Ad solve f (ad-s51v'), v. i. To resolve. Durst my sonne.... Adsolve to run beyond sea to the warres ? Chapman. Ad stip u la tor (ad-stlp'O-lSfer). n. (Law.) An accessory party to a promise, who has received the same promise as his principal did, and can equally receive and exact payment. Ad strin gent (ad-strin'jent), a. Astringent. Ad u late (ad'a-iat), v. t. To show feigned devo- tion to ; to flatter servilely. It is not that I adulate the people, Without me there are demagogues enough. Byron. A dul lam Ite (a-dfil'am-It), n. (Eng. Politics.) A member of the party of more moderate Liber- als who seceded from the Whig leaders and voted with the Conservatives on the occasion of Earl Rus-' eel and Mr. Gladstone introducing a. measure for the reduction "of the elective franchise in 18b'6. They received the name from their being likened by Mr. Bright to the political outlaws who took ref- uge with David in the cave of Adullam. 1 Sam. xxii. 1, 2. The party was also known collectively as The Cave. A>dult age (a-dult'aj), n. The state of an-^duli:' .full-growj£ age; maturity; as, on obtaining adult• age. «■* A dul ter a tor (a-diil'ter-3-tsr), n. One who adul- terates. A dul ter er (a-dul'ter-er), n. (Scrip.) An apos- tate from the true faith ; a very wicked person. Jer. ix. 2; xxtii, 14; Jam. iv. 4. A dul ter ess (a-dul'ter-es), n. (Scrip.) A woman guilty of apostasy from the true faith.. Jam. iv. 4. A dul tor ous (a-dul'ter-us), a. 1. Illicit: said of combinations or relations of any kind. Some of our kings have made adulterous connections abroad. Burke. ■ r 2. Spurious; corrupt; adulterated. 'Forged and adulterous stuff.' [R.] Trans, of Casaubon. • 3* (Scrip.) Faithless in religion ; very wicked. Mat. xii. 39. A dul ter y (a-dul'ter-j), n. (Scrip.) (a) All man- ner of lewdness or unchastit^, as forbidden by the seventh commandment. Ma1.,v. 28. (M Idolatry or apostasy from the true God. Jer. Hi. 8. f 2. (Old Laws.) The fine and penalty imposed fo*- the offense of adultery. 2. [Old Arboriculture.) The grafting of trees, from the process being considered as an Hnuatural union. - . 4. t Injury ; degradation; ruin.i . _- You might wrest the caduceus out of my Lan£l to fh« adultery and spoil of nature. B. Jnnson. Ad uni ber(ad-um/ber),u. t. To shadow orcloudj \[R.J ' • - ri • Serene thy vroe-qdumbred front, sweet Saint. , '» J • Davies. Adumbrative (ad-fim'bra-tiv), a. Shadowing forth; faintly resembling; suggesting by resem- blance. i'- Ad um bra tive ly (ad-Eim'bra-tiv-li), adv. In air adumbrative manner. Ad un guem (ad un'gwem). [Lat.] ^To'thenail, or touch of the nail; exactly ; nicely. c ■> - A dusk (a-dusk')? a- or adv• I" *,,e dusk or twi- light; dark. 'To die and leave the world adusk.' [R.j yj. , E. B. Brou-ning. A du&t (a-dust'), a. " 1* Looking as if burned pr scorched. . 'A tall, thin man, of an adust complex- ion.' -v ~ - ~ Sir W. Scott. 11 2* t (Med.) Having much heat: said of the blood ;/ and other fluids of the body; hence, ardent; 6an ¥fuine ; impetuous. i ^~nrT il~~ " The snme adust complexion ftemperament] hafj*ir»;- pell'd , * -Charles to the convent, Philip to the field. > S&ope. c^c/min; - Yg, cro; ijob; »g,6inj7; tli, Men; tb, thin nhtwhigi zb, azure; * or. food; oil. sound* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. *ADTAILABLE Ad vail a bl© (ad-vM'a-bl), o. Available. Ifc.J Ad vaoee (ad-vans*), t\ t. f To raise ; to lift up; w to elevate. * They... .advanced their eyelids.' Shak. O, peace ! Contemplation makes a rare turkey-oofck * of him ; how he jets unde? his advanced plumes 1 Shak. A cherub tall; Who forthwith from the glittering staff unfurled Th* imperial ensign ; which, full high advanced, Shone like a meteor. Milton. Ad vance (ad-vps*), n. (Com.) A giving before- hand ; a certain part of the value of a consignment advanced by a consignee on being handed the in- voice ; a furnishing of something before an equiva- lent is received, aa money or goods, toward a cap- ital or stock, or on loan, or in expectation of being reimbursed In some way; as, A made large ad- vances to B. I shall with great pleasure make the necessary ad- vances. Fay. The acoount was made op with intent to show what advances had been made. Kent. —In advance, (a) in front; before ; as, the cavalry marched in advance, (b) Beforehand ; before an equivalent is received. They----paid you in advance the dearest tribute of their affection. , Junius. (o) Used adjectively, in the sense of having made an advance ; as, A is in advance to B a thousand pounds.—Angular advance (Steam-engines), the an- gle formed by the eccentric with its position at half- etroke, when the piston is at the beginning of Its stroke.—Linear advance, the amount by which the valve has traveled.—To go in advance, to precede or go before. Ad vance (ad-vans7), a.—Advance fosse, advance moat, advance ditch (Fort.), a ditch thrown round the esplanade or glacis of a place.—Advance sheets {Print.) the pages of a book, shortly to be issued, received previously to the time of publication. Ad vanced (ad-v$nst'),p. a. 1* Situated in front or before others. Hence— 2* In front, as regards intellectual, scientific, political, or moral progress, and the like; in accord with the most recent developments of science and thought; Inclined to new ideas; progressive; as, an advanced Liberal. * Advanced men of science.1 H. Spencer. 'The most advanced strategic ideas of the day.' Orote. ' The more advanced European thinkers.* Buckle. 3* Having reached a comparatively great length of years; as, he is now at an advanced age.—Ad- vanced guard (Mil.), a body of troops which marches in advance of the main army ; a van-guard. Ad vance-note (ad-v$ns'nOt), ». (Com.) A draft on the owner or agent of a vessel, generally for one month's wages, given by the master to the sailors on their signing the articles of agreement. Ad van tage (ad-vfln taj), v. t. 1. To gain ground, or win acceptance for; to promote or further. [E. and obs.J The Stoics that opinioned the souls of wise men dwelt about the moon, and those of fools wandered about the ear^h, advantaged the conoeit of this effect. Sir T. Browne. %• t To Increase, as by interest. * Advantaging their love with interest of ten times double gain of happiness.1 Shak. Ad vent inef (ad-vSn'tln), a. Adventitious. Adventitious (fid'veu-tl8h"u8), a. 1. (Bof.) Applied to anything produced in au abnormal posi- tion, as leaf-buds on the surface of a stem, or roots from the aetial stems or branches, as in the banian- tree. 2. (Med.) Having reference to certain diseases which are not congenital or hereditary, but ac- quired. Adventlve (ad-vSnt'Iv), n. (Bot.) Applied to plauts not commonly indigenous appearing sponta- neously in a country. Ad ven tryf (ad-v6n'tri), n. An enterprise; on adventure. Act a brave work, call it thy last adventry. B. Jonson. Advent ure (ad-v&nt'flr), n. 1. A speculation of any kind, commercial, financial, or mining; specif- ically. a speculation in goods sent abroad. 2. | Peril; danger. Ka was in grrfat adventure ot his life. Berners. —Bttf of adventure (Com J), a writing signed by a merchant, staring that good* shipped in his name belong to another, the ad v^ntura or chance of which the person so named is trt stand, with a covenant from the merchant to acoount to him for the prod- uce. Ad vent are mefit (ad-vSnt'dr-ment), a. Bisk; hazard. {R.J Wiser Raymundus, in his closet pent, Laughs at such danger and adventurement. Ball. Ad vent nr er (ad-vSut'ur-er), ». One who en- gages in an adventure or speculation; a speculator; a shareholder in working a mine. Ad vent nr ess (ad-vSnt'ur-ea), ». A female ad- venturer ; a female capable of bold enterprises, es- pecially those of equivocal character. It might be very well- for Lady Bareacres... .and other ladies... .to cry fie at the idea of the odious ad- venturess making her curtsey before the sovereign. Thackeray. Ad verb I al (ad-v6rb'i-al), a. Much inclined to use adverbs. 34 He is also wonderfully adverbial in hio expressions, and breaks off with a ' Perhaps' and a nod ox the head upon matters of the modt indifferent nature. Tatlcr. Ad verb I al Ixe (sd-vGrb'i-al-Is), v. t. To give the form or foroe of an adverb to; to us® as an adverb. Ad ver sa blef (ad-vdr'sa-bl), a. Gestrary to. Ad verse (Sd'vers), a.—Adverse letrf (BoL), a leaf which has its margin turned toward th© stem.—Ad- verse possession (Law), occupancy of realty with- out molestation whioh may at length ripen into an unimpeachable title. Ad verse ness (Sd'vers-nes ), «. Adversity; un- prosperousness; as, adverseness of oircumstancee. Ad ver si ty (ad-v6r'si-ti), n. Applied to a crab- bed, cross-grained person. 4 Well said, adversity.' Shak. Ad ver tise meat (ad-v6r'tlz-ment or ad-ver-tlz' ment), n. f Instruction; advice; moral admoni- tion. 4 That is an advertisement to a proper maid ____to take heed.' Shak. Ad ver tis ing (ad'ver-tlz"ing or ad-vftr'tiz-ing), a. f Monitory, or active in giving advice or intelli- gence ; attentive. As I was then Advertising and holy to your business. Shak. Advice (ad-Yls')t tKnowledge; acquaintance. — Shak. Ad vlewf (ad-vfl'),*w. t. To see; to observe. All which when Artegall well advewed. Spenser. Adviser (ad-vlz'er), ». (Politics.) One of the royal counselors or ministers, who are legally re- sponsible for the sovereign's acts in his or her of- ficial capacity. The advisers whom neoessity had compelled Charles to call around him were by no means men after his own heart* Macaulay. Ad vfis er htkip (ad-vlz'er-shlp), ». The office of anadvit*er. [R.] Ad vising (ad-vlz'ing), n. Advice; counsel. Fc.sieu your ear on my advising*. Shak. Ad vis Ive ( ad-vlz'iv ), a. Monitory. [R.] The title of one of Herrick's poems in his Henperides (p. 249) is * A parameticall or advisive Verse to his friend Mr. John Wicks.' Ad vo cate (fld'vo-kfit), n. 1* Specifically, (a) the title given to the counsel who pr&ctioed in the ec- clesiastical and admiralty courts in England, whioh, as separate courts, are now extinct, (fc) The title given in Scotland, first, to the o^unsel practicing before the supreme court, and, second, to those procurators or solicitors who act before the inferi- or courts at Aberdeen, and are members of the so- ciety there. 2. (Eocl.) (a) A person appointed to defend the rights and revenues of a church or monastery, (b) Formerly, the patron of a church or owner of an advowson.—Devil's* advocate, (o) (R. Cath. Oh.) a person appointed to act as accuser of any one pro- posed for canonization at the examination preced- ing this rite, and to state all possible objections to its consummation. Hence, (6) a scandal-monger; one given to bring forward malicious accusations.— God's advocate (iJ. Cath. Ch.), the defender of the character of the person proposed for canonization at the examination preceding this rite. Ad vo cate (Sd'vo-k&t), v. t. (Scots Law.) Former- ly to transfer from an inferior oourt to the Court of Session, as an action while still pending, or after judgment had been given, in order that the judg- ment might be reviewed. Ad vo cate (Sd'vo-kfit), v. i. To act as an advocate; to plead. * To advocate in my owu child's behalf.' [R.] Dawbeny. Ad vo ca tlon t ( fid'vo-ka^shun ), ». An ad vow- sop. [R.] Our----Counties, Ilonom, Castles, Manors, Fees or Inheritances, and Advocations. Parliament Boll. Ad vo ca tus De 1 («d'vo-ka"tus dS'I)', ». [Lat.] Same as God'a advocate. See under Advooatx. Ad vo ca tus D1 ab o 11 (fid'vo-kfi"tus dl-gb'o-lf), n. [Lat.] Same as Devil's advocate. See under Ad- vocate. Ad voke (ad-vOk'), v. t. J"Lat. advoco,' to summon —ad, to, and voco, to call, jf To transfer to a higher court; to summon. [R. aud obs.] [He] had privately prevailed with the pope to advoke the cause to Rome. • Fuller. Ad vou trous f (ad-vou'trus).a. Adulterous. Ad von zancef (ad-vou'zans), n. Advowson. He obtained licence from the Xing that the Uni- versity might purchase Advouxances of spiritual liv- ings. Fuller. Ad vow er (ad-vou'er), ». The owner of an ad- vowson ; a patron. Ad vow son (ad-vou'zun), v. t. To obtain or pre- sent to a benefice. There monghtest thou, for but a slender price, Advotraon thee with some fat benefice. Ball. Ad voy er (ad-vol'er),) ». [Fr. avoyer.~\ A chief A voy er (a-voi'er), ) magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland. Ad ward t (ad-ward'), n. Same as Award. A dy (ft'di), n. A Malabar measure of 10$ inches. A dy nam 1 cal (S/di-n2m"ik-alor &d'i-nfim'"ik-al), o. Same as Adynamic. A dyn a mon (a-dln'a-mon), «. A factitious wine made of must boiled down with water, or of new white wine and water, often given to the sick when pure wine would be injurious. Ad yt (Sd'it), n. Same as Adytum. 2ELF Ad y turn (Sd'i-ttun), n. The chancel or altar end of a church. Adae (ddz), v. i. To chip or shape with an Adze; is, to adze logs of timber. 5. The symbol used to denote the third class of wooden and composite ships in Lloyd's register. JEch mb das (Sk'mo-dua), ». [Let.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil ganoid fishes, family Lepidoidei, re- markable for their small, sharp-pointed teeth, found in the lias. - JE eld 1 am (C-std'i-fim),^ (-Bot.) A name given to a genus of parasiuo^plants (Fungi) of which the red-gum is a variety. JES di lis (G-dI'lis), n. [Lat.] Same as Edile. JE doe ol o gy ( 6-dC-Ql'o-ji ), n. [ Gr. ai&ola, the; privy parts, and A0705, a discourse.] That part medical science which treats of the organs of gen- eration ; also, a treatise on or account of the orgins of generation. M fasild (&-fgld')i a. [Sc. ae, one, and /aid, fold.] [Scotch.] 1. Honest; upright; without duplicity. 2* t Rarely used to denote the unity of the divine essence in a trinity of persons. Barbour. Ml f&uld siess (S-fgld'nes), a. Honesty; upright- ness ; straightforwardness; singleness of heart; freedom from duplicity. [Scotch.] gag rus (G-gfig'rus), n. (Zo&l.) A wild species of ibex (Capra cega.grus), found in troops on the Caucasus, and many Asiatic mounsalna. It is be- lieved to be the original source of at least one vari- ety of the domestic gp&t. In its stomach and intes- tines, as in those of other artiodactyles, are found the concretions called bezoarstones. JE^ ge an (8-jS'an), a. Egean. M geu 11 da? (S' jer-I"i-dg), ». pL [From the typi- cal genus &geria, which name again is taken from that of the Roman nymph Egeria.] (En torn. \ A family of Lepidoptera, section Heterocera, com- prising a moderate number of interesting insects. The larva livo in the interior of the branches or roots of trees. Some of them feed upon the apple. One species (JSgeria tipuliformts) is destructive to currant-bushes, feeding on the pith. 2£ gle or as (e-jls'er-as),». [Gr. aif, alydi, a goat, and xepas, a horn.] (Bot.) A genus of small trees, nat order Myrsinacesa, natives of the swampy shore# of India and Australia. Their seeds germinate while still on the trees, an- vtos, lasting; eternal; Lat. ceon, Gr. cuwk.] Of all but eternal duration. v The sound of streams that swift or slow Draw down jEunian hills, and sow The duet of continents to be. Tennyson. JBonllim (6-0'ni-um), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Crassulace®, or House-leeks: so named from their tenacity of life. The arbor- eum, the tree bouse-leek, a garden plant, is thickly laden with yellow flowers. JE o ta na (6 o-UT'na), n. [Gr. a>Jp, air, and tciVw, to stretch.] (Mus.) A email instrument having sev- eral 6hort, elastic, metallic laminre or springs, set , in a kind of frame, and operated upon by the per- / former's breath. JE py or nis (^'pl-or^nis), n. Same as Epiornis. JE quln o lite (e-kwTn o-llt), n. See Pitchstone. JE quls o naut (e-kwis'o-nSnt), a. Same as Equis- i onant. JE ra (S'ra), n. Same as Era. jE ra rl an (g-rS'ri-an), n. [Lat. cerarius, from ces, s ceris, bronze, bronze money. J A Roman citizen of the lowest class of free-men, who paid only poll-tax, /'and had not the suffrage. A er at ed (S'er-at-ed), p. a. Arterialized; changed by the action of air.—Aerated waters, a term ap- plied to a variety of acidulous and alkaline bever- ages, more.or less impregnated with carbonic acid. Aerated waters are brisk, sparkling, or effervescing beverages, of a pungent, and sometimes of a pleas- antly acidulous taste. The most common, carbonic acid water, usually called soda-water, is made on a Marge scale by pouring dilute sulphuric acid on car- bonate jof lime, whiting, or chalk. Carbonic acid igas is evolved, which is received into a reservoir, and then by meahs of a pump or otherwise forced into water, which takes up five times its volume of gas. A small quantity of essence of ginger or ex- tract of capsicums mixed with sugar placed in the bottles before filling them converts this into ginger- ode; while essence of lemon, with citrjo acid and sugar, gives lemonade. A. er a tlon (a'er-a"shun), n.—Aeration of soils, the exposing of them to the action of air by means of plowing, harrowing, etc. A er a tor (5'er-at-er), n. [Lat. cer, the air.] 1. A blower; a contrivance for fumigating wheat and other cereals, to bleach them and destroy fangi and insects. 2. An apparatus for making aerated waters.' A e re us (a-S're-Qs), a. Airy ; unsubstantial; friv- olous. [R.] 'Twil make the case to be more ponderous The whilst such Councils prove Aereun*. Davfes. A. er hydrous (il er-lil drus), a. [Gr. aijp, air, and ufiuip, water.] Having water in the cavities: plied to painerals. A e rl al (3-S'ri-al), a. Possessed of a light and graceful beauty. I like Beethoven and Mozart—or else some of the ae- rial compositions of the older Italians. Colertdge. —Aerial acid (Chem.), an^old name for carbonic acid, from a belief'that it entered into the composi- tion of atmospheric air.--Aerial figures, those by whioh painters seek to represeut the fabled inhab- itants of the air, as demons, -gefcii, guoraes, etc. —Aerial images, images whicjfare caused by the convergence of rays of light reflected or refracted from objects through strata of air of different.den- sities, the images appearing suspended in the air, as the different kinds of mirage; also, those images perceived by looking into or toward a concavo mir- ror.—Aerial plants ( Bot.), those which absorb their food from the atmosphere, as lichens, epiphytal or- j chids, etc.—Aerial poisons, same as Miasma.—Aeri- al railway, a railway supported in the air by posts, audi as is seen in some of the towns of the United 35 States.—Aerial rocks (Geol.), same as Eolian roctfs. —Aerial tints (Paint.), tints or modifications of color by which the expression of distance is attained. A e rl al i ty (S-e'ri-dl^i-ti), n. Airiness; unsubstan- tially. [R.] By suggesting to the reader continually the mere ae- riality of the entire Bpeculntion. De Qnincey. A e rl al ly (£t-e'ri-al-li), adv. 'In an aerial manner; so as to resemble air or the atmosphere. Your eyes Touched with a somewhat darker hue, And less aerially blue. Tennyson. A er i des (a-er'i-dez), n. [Lat. aer, the air.] ( Bot.) A genus of epiphytal plants, nat. order Orchidacese. These plants havo distichous leaves, and large brightly-colored and ^weet-scented flowers. They are natives of the warmer parts of Asia, and are ex- tensively cultivated in hot-houses. Ae rie (S'rl, 5'rl or S're), n. 1* An eagle. [R.] Your aprie builded in our aerie's nest. Shak. 2* An elevated spot. [R. and Poet.] Wherever beauty dwell, In gulf or aerie, mountain or deep dell. Keats. Written also Eyry, Eyrie. A er If er ous (a'er-if'er-us), a. [Lat. aer, air, and fero, to carry.] Conveying air, as the larynx and bronchial tubes, and the trachea of insects. A er o bies (S'er-o-biz), n. pi. [Gr. arjp, air, and j3c'o?, life.] A name given by Pasteur to that class of infusoria, as Bacterium and Monas, to which the presence of oxygen is necessary before they can act as ferments ; called also azymic ferments. Aero cyst (3'er-O-sist), n. [Gr. d»jp, air, and kuctti?, a bladder.] (Bot.) The air-vessel, or bladder, by means of which many algre, as Fucus vesiculosus, are supported in the water, and oceanic species, as the Gulf-weed, float on the surface. A er o dy nam 1c (a'er-o-di-nam^ik), a. Relating to the force of air, or its mechanical effects, when put in motion. A er og no sy (5'er-5g^'no-si), n. [Gr. a>jp, air, and yywcrcs, knowledge ; Fr. aerognosie.] That science which treats of the nature or properties of air, and the various effects peculiar to it. Aerograplicr (fi'er-d^'ra-fer), n. A person skilled in aerography; a writer upon the nature and properties of air. Aer ograpliic (a'er-o-grSf'ik), ) a. De- A er o grapli 1c al(5 er-o-graf'ik-al), J scriptive of the nature and uses of air ; relating to aerogra- pby. A er o hydro dynam lc (a/er-o-hI'dro-di-n3m// ik), a. [Gr. atjp, air, i)3&»p, water, and Svvann, power.] Acting by the power of air and water.— Aerohydrodynamio tvheel, an apparatus invented by M. Calles, a Belgian engineer, for transmitting power to a great distance. It colieists of a wheel submerged in water, under which air forcibly driv- en through a tube is discharged so as in ascending to make the wheel revolve. E. H. Knight. A er o lill no scope (5 er-o-kll^no-skOporS er-o- klln//o-sk0p), n. [Gr. ajjp, air, kAcVw, to incline, and <7*077ea>, to observe narrowly.] A contrivance, at- tached to an apparatus, and turning on a pivot, ^hich shows the variations of barometrical pressure and the course of the wind. Aerolite (3'er-o-llt), n. (Meteor.) A meteoric mass, which, on account of its sizs and solidity, is enabled to reach the earth without deflagration in its passnge through our atmosphere. A er o 11 thol o gy (a'er-o-li-th51 'o-ji), n. [Gr. &7?p, air, At0o?, a stone, and Aoyo?, discourse.] The science of aerolites or meteors. Dana. A er o naut ism (a'er-o-nflfizm), n. The prac- tice of ascending and floating in the atmosphere, as iu balloons ; the art of the aeronaut. A er o phane (a er-o-fan), ». [Gr. drfp, air, and light, bright.] A light kind of gauze or im- itation crape. • E. H. Knight. A er o pho bia (a"er-o-fO"bi-a), n. [Gr. arjp, air, and <£>o/3o?, fear.] (Med.) A drend of air, that is, of a current of air; a symptom common in cases of hydrophobia, and occasionally observed in other disease.-*. A er opli o by (S'er-Qf'o-bi), ». Same as Aeropho- bia. JE rose (5 rOs), a. [Lat. cerosus, containing brapa or copper.J Having the nature of or resembling ccpper or brass ; coppery. A er o sld er ite t. a'er-o-sId"er-Tt), n. [Gr. afo, air, tri&ijpos. iron, and Ac'0o?, a stone.J, A meteor con- taining both stone and iron. A er o sphere (,&' er-o-sf5r), n. Same as Atmos- phere. I A er o stat 1c (a'erJ0-st5t''ik), ) a.—Aerostat• Aero stat ic al (a'er-o-stfir'ik-al), f io balance, an instrument, on the principle of the barometer, for ascertaining the weightof the air.—Aerostatic j>ress, a machine for extracting the coloring matter from dye-stuff*. It consists of a box divided in the center by a perforated plate. On this the dye-stuff is placed, and a second plate similarly pierced is placed above it. The extracting liquor is poured on the top, and on the air being exhausted from the ' under part of the vessel the liquor is forced through the substance by atmospheric pressure. A er o-steam En gine ta'er-O-stCm" Sn'jin), n. [Gr. ttijp, air, and Eng. steam-engine.'] An engine in which the expansive power of combined heated air and steam is used in driving a piston. Knight. iESTUOUS JErugtnous fS-rO'ji-nus), )a. (M'ed.) Hav*i jE ru gin e ous (e'rO-jm^e-us), ) ing a resem- blance to the color of verdigris; said of tho bile in1 certain states of the stomach. f /P. ru go ( 6 - rO' go ), n. [Lat.]—JErugo nobilis, a greenish crust found on antique bronzes, of tha same composition as the mineral atacamite. A er y ( 5' er -i ), a. Airy ; breezy ; exposed to air ;.elevated ; lofty. [R. and Poet.] The shepherd's pipe came clear from aery steep. KeatSi A er y-light ( S'er-i-llt ), a. Light as air, or airW light. MiltonJ JEs chy nan thus (8s/ki-n2n"thus), n. (Bot.) Al genus of beautiful epiphytal plants, natives of trop- ical Asia, nat. order Gesneraeea?, with pendent stems and scarlet or orange flowers. They are among tha most splendid ornaments of our hot-houses. iEs chy nite (es'ki-nlt), n. Same as Eschynite. ^Eschynomene (es ki-nQm^e-no), n. [Fr. chynomene; Lat. ceschynomene; Gr. alcrxvvoiiivrjf ashamed, ppr. of alarx^votxai, to be ashamed ; accr^u^ fa), to disfigure, to dishonor. A plant with sensitive; leaves mentioned by Pliny. Apparently it was ai mimosa.] (Bot.) Bastard sensitive plant, a genus; of papilionaceous plants of the subsection Hedysa- reaB. They have jointed pods, and generally yellow, racemes of f.owors. Upward of thirty 6pecies are' known. } iEs chy nom e nous (Ss^i-nSm^e-nfis),a. (Bot.) Pertaining to the genus iEscfiyuomene, or to auyj plant which, when one comes near it with his hand,! shrinks in its leaves. Bailey» cn la ce se (gs'ku-Wse-S), n. [Lat. cesculus,i the winter or Italian oak,] (Bot.) A group of plants,-; also called Hippocastanece, included in the Sapin- dacese. The species are handsome trees or small bushes, chiefly remarkable for their large seeds, with an extensive hilum. The seeds are bitter, and contain a large quantity of Ptarch and aconsiderabla proportion of potash. They are used as food, and also as cosmetics. The horse-chestnut belongs to this group. | JEs Cu line ( Ss'ku-lTn ), «. [Lat. cescuZus, horsey chestnut.] (Chem.) An alkaloid derived from thej bark of the horse-chestnut tree. 1 JEs cu lus (Ss'ku-lus),?!. [Lat.] (Bot.) Thehorse* chestnut, a genus of trees. ' JE sir (e'ser), n. [Nom. pi. of Icel. dss, a god.] (Scand. Myth.) The general name for the heathen gods of Scandinavia. , JEs the ma tol o gy (es-thS'ma-l51"o-ji), n. [Gr. alc6r)fjia, a perception, and Xdy°?i discourse.] The doctrine of the senses, or the apparatus of the sen- ses ; that part of physiological anatomy which treats of the senses. JEs the si a (es-thC'si-a), n. [Gr. aurffijcris, sensi- bility.] Perception ; feeling; sensibility. JEs the si og ra phy (es-th5'si-5g 'ra-fi). n. [Gr. al (gs-thSt'ik), ». (Metaph.) The doc- iEs thet Ick ) trine of sensation.—Transcendental aesthetic, in the Kantian philosophy, the doctrine of pure sensation or that part of the Kantian metaphys- ics which treats of what is given in sense indepen- dently of all experience, namely, of what Kant calls the forma of sensation, space, and time. JEs the tl clan ( gs'the - tish' an ), n. A person skilled in wsthetics; one having ©sthetio tastes or views. JE» tho-pliys I ol o gy ( 6s'tho-fTz'i-81"o-ji), n. [Gr. aiaOdyonai, to perceive, and En)?, physiology.} The physiology of sensation ; that part of physiolo- gy wh'ich treats of the organs of sense and the parts of the body wbich exercise subsidiary functions. ■ H. Spencer. ^Estiferous (es-tl^er-us), a. [Lat. cesfws, heat, and fero. to bear.] Producing heat. JEs tl val (es-tl'val or eg ti-val), a. Pertaining or belonging to, or occurring in, the summer. Writ- ten also Estival. » ^Estivation (6s/ti-va/'shun ), n. The sleep or dormancy of certain animals during the hot or dry season in warm climates ; estivation. JEs tu ous (es/tu-us), a. [Lat. cestuosus, glowing, fiery.] Fiery ; hot; scorching ; glowing. - ch, o/tainj ,8t9°i jJob; fcgjBinp; th, then; tb, thin w, toig; wh, whig; zh, azure; or, food; oil. pound. £w On this page will "be found words, phrases and definitions NOT,, contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor* cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.iETHALIUM JE tha 11 um (g-iha'H-um), ». £Gr. al8a\jj, soot.] (Bot.) A name given to a genus of fungi, of which A. eepticum was once regarded as an animal, be- cause it possessed the power of absorbing solid food and of motion. iZSith o gen (Sth'o-jen), n. [Gr. a!0os, fire, and yi- »-<>?, birth.3 (Chem.) Boric nitride, a composition of boron and nitrogen, emitting a very bright phos- phorescent light when heated before the blow-pipe. JE tlaia sa (S-thtl'sa), n. [Gr. al9u>, to burn.] (Bot.) A genus of poisonous plants, nat. order Uinbellifer®. AS. cynapium is fool's parsley. A e tlan (a-S'shan), ». (Bad.) One of a sect found- ed in the fourth century by Aetius, who maintained the doctrine that faith without works was sufficient, and that the faithful would be aocounted without sin. A face (a-fas7), adv. [Prefix a, In, and /ace.] In face ; in front. 4 Bight a/ace of him.1 Lever. Aferdf {a-f6rd'). j,a. Afraid; In great fear; ter- Af ferd f (af-fdrd'), ) rifled. Chaucer. Aff (af), prep, or adv. [Scotch.] Off.—Aff-hands, hands oft.—Aff-loof, right off from memory; without premeditation. Burnt.—Aff-han, without reserve; frankly. Aye free aff-han* your story tell, When wi' a bosom crony. Burnt. Affalnedf (af-fflnd'), p. a. [Prefix a for ad, to, and feign.] Laid to one's oharge falsely or feigned- lj. Errors maliciously affained to him. Bp. Bail. Af fair (af-f&r7), ». f Endeavor ; attempt. And with his best affair obeyed the pleasure of the son. Chapman. —Affair of honor, a duel.—Public affairs, those mat- ters or things which belong to government; politi- cal matters. Af fat u atef (af-fat'u-St), v. t. [Lat. af tor ad, and fatuus, foolish.] To infatuate. Hilton. Affectatef (af-fgk'tat), { Affected Af fee tat ed f (af-fgk'tat-ed), f a* An6cted' A fee ta tort (flf'fek-tft^tor), «. An affecter. In the original the word is affectatorea, which, of course, suggested this form. Those affeotatora of variety seem equally ridiculous. Bailey. Af feet ed (af-fSkt'ed), p. a. (Alg.) Same as Ad- fected. Affect lug (af-fSkt'ing), p. a. Full of affectation; pretending ; feigning ; assuming. 4 A drGwling af- fecting rogue.' ' Shale. Affection (af-fgk'shun), «. tMotion or utter- ance. The Apostles indeed spake from the Spirit, and every affection of theirs was an oraole. A ndrewet. Af fee tlon (af-fSk'shun), v. t. To feel affection toe. This verb is not quite peculiar to the Welsh- English of the Rev. Hugh Evans (Merry Wives of Windsor, I. i.). The participle affectioned (.Rom. xii. 10) is not very uncommon. However we may affection our own, we have showed no regard for their liberty. Waipole. Af fee tlon ate-(af-fgk'shun-Bt), a. f Angry; im- petuous : in the extract it means affected. In every action resolve to be discreet and wise, rather than affectionate and singular. Brooks. Af fee tlon less f (af-fgk'shun-les), a. Impassive ; unswayed by passion. Upon the Law thy judgement alwayes ground, And not on Man ; for that's affection-tea. Sylveater. Af fee tlous ly t (af-fgk'sh&s-li), adv. Affecting- ly. Af feets t ( af-fSkts'), n. pi. Affections. Affect u al f (af-fSkt'u-al), a. Belonging to desire, as.,d i stingu i sh ed from act. Lust not only affectual, bat actual, is dispensed with. Adams. Affect u OS 1ty t (af-f5kt'u-5s//i-ti), ». Passiou- ateuesB. Bailey. Affect u ons ly f (af-fSkt'u-tts-li), adv. Passion- ately ; zealously. ' St. Remigius prayed so affectu- ously.' Fabian. Af fer ent (ilf'fer-ent), a. [Lat. afferent, afferentis, ppr. of affcro—af tor ad, to, and feroy to carry. 1 Carrying to, or toward ; used especially (Physfoi.) to denote the nerves that convey impressions to the nervous centers. Af fermedf (af-f6rmd'),pp. Confirmed. Chaucer. Affettuoso (af-f6t'tu-0"z0). [It.] (Mus.) A direction to sing or play a movement softly and af- fecthifcly. Written also Con affetto. Af fl ant (af-fl'ant), n. {Law.) One who makes an • affidavit. Af fiche (af-fSsh), n. [Fr.] A paper of any kind or bill pasted or affixed to a wall with the view of being seen or read ; a poster. Af fl da tlonf (&f,fl-da//shuu),) n. [From Lat. af- Af ft da turef (af'fi-daf'tir), J fido. \ A mutual contract of fidelity. Af fle + (af-fT'), v. t. and <. Same as Affy. Affiliable (af-fTi-a-bl), a. Capable of being affiliated, or referred to as the origin or cause. The distribution of sediment and other geological processes which these marine currents effect, are affili- able upon the force which the sun radiates. H. Spencer. Af fll 1 a tlon (af-fll'i-fl"shun), n. The assignment of anything to its origin ;# connection by way of descent. The relationship of the sense of smell to the fondal mental organic actions is traceable, not only through 30 its affiliation upon the sense o! taste, but is traceable directly. H. Spencer. Af fine f (af-fln'), v. t. To refine. Holland. Af fined f (Hf-flnd'), a. [O. Fr. afflner, to unite, from affin, Lat. affinia, neighboring, related to— Lat. ad, to, and fin is, a boundary.] 1 • Joined by any tie; leagued. 4Affined or leagued in office.' Shak. 2, Bound or impelled by any kind of affinity. Now, sir, be judge yourself Whether I in any just term am affined To love the Moor. Shak. Af fln 1 tat ive ly^f-ffo'i-tat-iv-li^adr. By means of affinity. Af fi nl tlon (3f/fl-nlsh//un),». The state or qual- » ity of being affined; mental affinity or attraction. fR.] Affinity (af-fln'i-ti), ».* 1. t Intercourse; ac- quaintance. About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. Burton. 2« (Biol.) A resemblance in general plan or structure, or in the essential structural parts, exist- ing between two organisms, or groups of organ- isms. It is distinct from analogy, which is func- tional correspondence in species, however distinct in affinity, and from homology, which denotes structural correspondence in general characteris- tics merely. 3. (Spiritualism.) A term applied to one toward whom a person of the opposite sex is drawn by a passionate regard or attachment; also, often ap- plied to that spiritual relation, supposed to exist sometimes between certain ones of the different sexes, and regarded as holier and more binding than the marriage relation. Af firm a tlve (af-f&rm'a-tly),a. | Positive; dog- matic. Be not confident and affirmative in an uncertain matter. Taylor. Af firm a tlve ( af-f6rm'a-tTv ), ». ( Naut..) The signal flag or pendant by which a request or order is answered. Af fix al (af-fTks'al), a. Pertaining to an affix; hav- ing the character of an affix. Af filet f (Wfllkt), ». Conflict. The life of man upon earth is nothing else than a warfare and oontinual afflict with his ghostly enemies. Bacon. Afflict ins ly (af-filkt'tog-li), adv. In an afflicting manner. Afford (af-fOrd')i v. t. [This word should have but one /. The double / is due to a supposed analogy with words that begin with aff- in ^alin, where aff• is put for adf-; but the word is not Latin, and the prefix is not ad-. Besides this, the pronunciation has been changed at the end. Rightly, it should be son. 4 Notwithstanding all the dangers I laid afore yon.* B. Jonson.—Afore the mast (Naut.), applied to a common sailor who does duty on the main deck, and has no special office on board the ship. A fore hand (a-fOr'h&nd), adv. 1. In time previ- ous ; by previous provision; as, he is ready cQfore-. hand. She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark xiv. 8. 2. Well advanced; not behindhand; hence, in satisfactory pecuniary circumstances; as, he is aforehand with the world. 4Aforehand in all mat- ters of power.' [Old Eng. and Scotch.] Bacon. A forne«caste f (a-forn'k^&t), n. [Aforne=afore, y and cast.] Premeditated. . Chaucer. A for tl o rl (a for-shl-0'ri), prep, governing adj. [Lat., from the stronger, <. e., by bo much stronger reason.] (Logic and Math.) An argument derived from what Is stronger; an argument more potent than that which has just before been employed. When in Euclid it is reasoned, e. g., that much more then is the angle bdo greater than the angle bos, the use of the words much more implies that the (t fortiori argument is used. i A fran ce sa do (a-fran-tba-sS'thO), ». [Sp.] A term given to the members of that party in Spain who, during the war of independence (1808 to 1814), allied themselves to the French. Af ric an (fifrik-an), a.—African hemp, or Afric- an bowstring hemp, one of the names of the fiber obtained from the leaves of the Sanaeviera guine- ensis, nat. order Liliacess.—African oak or teak, a valuable wood for some ship-building purposes, ob- tained from Oldfleldia africaba, nat. order Euphor- biacete. i Af rle an der (flf'rik an'der), n. A native of Cape Colony, or the neighboring regions, bom of white parents. Af rle an 1 za tlon (ftfrik-an-I-za^shun), n. Act of placing under negro dominion. [Amer.] Af rle an Ize (Sf'rik-an-Iz), v. t. 1. To give an African character to. 2* To place under negro domination. Bartlett. African Uly (Sf'rik-an lll'i), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants (Agapanthus) bearing bright blue-colored blossoms. A fright f (a-frlt7), a. In fear; terrified. Myn herte is sore afright. Chaucer. Aft (5ft), a. or adv.—Fore and aft (Naut.), the whole length of a ship.—Bight aft, in a direct line with the stern. Af'tentBl'D), H"' ,Ott; often. [Scotch.J Aft cas tie (^ft'kfis-l), n. (iVduf.) An elevation on the after-part of ships of war, for the purpose of fighting : opposed to forecastle. Ait er ($ft'er), a. (Naut.) More aft, or toward the stern of the ship ; as, the after sails ; after hatch- way. Aft er (fift'er), prep.—After all, when all has been taken into view, and there remains nothing more to be added; at last; in fine ; upon the whole ; at the most; notwithstanding; as, after all, things are not eo bad as they looked. Aft er (aft'er),». and a.—After-acceptation, a sen or meaning not at first accepted.—After-account- reckoning in the future.—After-ac-t, an act whicA Notation : ft, 6,1, 0, tl, long; a, 6,1, 0, t, short;. e, i, o, u, Obscure; fftr, f§ll, tyst, cfcre; Wr1tn0ve,or; byll, 0, Fr.j^ Fr.,tons On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.AFTER succeeds another.—After-age, a later age or time; posterity. 4 For all succeeding time and after-age.' Oldham. To after-age thou shalt be writ the man That with Bmcoth air couldst humor best our tongue. Milton. Most commonly used in the plural. What an opinion will after-ages entertain of their religion ? Addison. —After-application, an application made afterward. —After-attack, a subsequent attack.—After-bale, fa subsequent sorrow. And toll them many wanton tales, Which do breed their after-bales. Greene. —After-band, future chain or bond. — After-bearing, a producing or bearing afterward. — After-body {Naut.), that part of a ship's hull wbich is abaft the midships or dead-flat, aa seen from the stern. The term is, however, more particularly used in express- ing the figure or 6hnpe of that part of the ship.— After-burthen, f the after-birth ; a term frequently employed in the depositions relating to the birth of the Prince of Wales in 168After-cabin (Naut.), the best or stern cabin of a vessel. Sometimes called the Saloon.—After-carnage, carnage too often perpetrated by victors in a battle or siege after the enomy has been overpowered. But the rampart is won, and the spoil begun, And all but the after-carnage done. Byron. After-cast, (a) lit. a throw at dice after the game is finished, and too late, of course, to produce any re- sult. (b)(Fig.) Any thing done too late to be of use. —After-come, what comes after ; consequence. 'And how are you to stand the after-come?' [Scotch.] Hogg.—After-comer, one who comes after ; a suc- cessor.—After-comfort, a later comfort.—After-con- duct, future conduct or behavior.—After-contract, a later contract or engagement.—After-conviction, subsequent conviction.—After-cost, later cost; ex- pense after the execution of the main design.— After-course, subsequent course.— After - damp, choke-damp or carbonic acid, found in coal-mines after an explosion of 'fire-damp * or light carburet- ed hydrogen.—After-day, later day.—After-design- td (Law), designed or specified afterward.—After- dinner, happening or done after dinner; as, an lifter-dinner speech ; sometimes used substantively. 4 An after-dinner's nap.' Tennyson. In after-dinner talk Across the walnuts and the wine. Tennyson. —After-endeavor, a later effort.—After-enquiry, an enquiry made after an act or occurrence.—After- feed, the grass that grows after the first crop has been mown, and not cut a second time as after- math, but fed off. [Prov.]—After-friends, pi., future friends. [R.J—After-game at Irish, an old game very similar to backgammon.—After-gathering, a crop gathered after the rest, a gleaning.—After- glow, a phenomenon frequently observed shortly after sunset, produced, according to Sir John Herschel, by a second reflection of solar light in the atmosphere.—After-grass, the second crop of grass from lands which have been previously mowed the Fame year.—After -grief , grief following on the first outburst. There are after-griefs....which leave behind them *cars never to be effaced. Southey. —After-growth, a second growth or crop springing up after a previous one has been removed; hence,any form or development naturally arising after any change, social or moral. ' The after-growths which would have to be torn up or broken through.' J. S. Mill.—After-hands, pi., future laborers. Tho' she perhaps might reap the npplause of great, Who learns the one Pou Sto whence ofter-humls May move the world. Tennyson. —After-help, secondary help; subsidiary cause. Sir E. Sandys.—After-hold (Naut.), that portion of the bokl lying behind the mainmast. The Glasgmr was in flames, the steward having set fire to her while stealing rum out of the after-hold. Simthey. -After-hope, future or subsequent hope. B. Jonson. —After-ignorance, sub»*qpient ignorance.-— After- inquiry, a later inquiry.'—Aftei -king, a king who pucceeds another king.—After-law, a later statute or law.—After-leavings, pi., refuse. Weale.—After- life, (a) future life; remainder of life. My dead face would vex her nfter-lffe. Tennyson. (b) The life after death.—After-liver, a person who lives at a future period.—After-living, future times. —After-loss, a loss sustained after, and possibly in consequence of, a previous one. And do not drop in for an after-loss. Shah. —After-love, future or second love.—After-malire, subsequent malice.—After-meal, a late meal. [R.] Why should not thy soul have her dun meals and thlnk (git'er-thlnk), v. i. To repent. [Eng.] Wickliffe; Trench. Aft-meal (^ft'mSl), n. A meal as an accessory to the main meal, as dessert to dinner ; an after or late meal. At aft-meal8 who shall pay for the wine ? Thynne. Aft most (sft'mOst), a. (Naut.) Situated nearest the stern. Ag. [tat. argentum, silver.] The chemical sign or symbol for t-ilvexv Ag a ba nVe (ag'a-ba^ng), n. A cotton fabric em- broidered with silk made In Aleppo. Ag a eel la (ag-a-sel'a), ». [Possibly a is a prep., and gacella a different spelling of gazella=gazelle, j (Her.) Believed to be tho gazelle. Oloss. of Her. A gad def (a-gad'e), v. t. To gad about. A gad lyng f (a-gad'ling), n. A gadling; a gadder about; a vagabond. Cowper. A gain (a-gen'), adv. This word is also pronounced a-gSn', at least in poetry, as evidenced by the follow- ing passages: When she was eased of her pain Came the good lord Athelstane, When her ladyship married again, Thackeray. O that 'twere possible, After long grief and pain, To find the arms of my true love Round me once again. Tennyson. —Again and again, often ; with frequent repetition. This is not to be obtained by one or two hasty read- ings ; it must be repeated again and again. Locke, —To and again, f to and fro. A gain (a-gan/, a-gen;), prep. [O. Eng. and Sc.] 1* Against. Though treason again him wrought. Skelton, 2* Toward ; in the direction to meet. And praide him for to ride again the quene. Chaucer. A gain buy f (a-giln'bl), v. t. To redeem. We hopeden that he should have againbought Israel. Wickliffe. A gain ris ingtU-ga.n//riz/ing), n. Resurrection. ' The againrising of deede men.' Wickliffe. A gain saw f (a-gan'sg), n. Contradiction. A gain say f (a-gen'saj, ). t. [Again for against♦ and say.] To gainsay. A gainst (a-gSnst'), prep.—Against time, as in the phrases, a match agait st time, a race against time, signifies that soma .specified things have to be done or distance run before the close of a given time. I always felt as if I was) iding a race against time. JD icben*. A gain stand t ( a-g8n'stand ), v. t. [Again for against, and stand.] To oppose ; to withstand. A gain ward t (a-gSn'ward),adv. This way again; hitberward. A gait (a-gat ), adv. Same as Agate, Ag a lac ti a (ag'a-lak' ti-a), n. [Gr. a, priv., and yaka, -yaAaKTos. milk.] (Med.) A deficiency of milk in a mother after child-birth. A gal-a gal (fl'gal-a'gal), n. Same as Agaragar. A gal ma (a-giii'ma), ». [Gr., an image.] (Law.) The impression or image of anything upon a seal. A gal-vvood (a'gal-wijd), n. [Usually corrupted to Eagle-wood.] Same as Agallovhum. Ag a 111S8 (flg'a-raS), n. pi. [Gr. a, priv., and yajixof, marriage.] (Bot.) A name given by some authors to the large division of flowerless or cryptogamio plants, which were supposed formerly to be without the sexes of the more perfect plants. Ag a mi (ag'a-mT), ». [Native name.] (Ornith.) The Psophia crepitans, an interesting grailatorial bird, family Gruidte, native of South America, often called the golden-breasted trumpeter. It is of the size of a pheasant, runs with great speed, is easily tamed, and becomes as dooile and attached to man as a dog. 111. PI. 1, Fig. 8. Ajgam ic (a-gSm'ik), a. [Gr. «, priv., and ydfiost marriage.] 1. (Zo6l.\ Applied to reproduction without the congress of individuals of the ogpfcposite sex, as by fission, budding, encystment, or parthenogenesis. 2. (Bot.) Applied to plants in which the repro- ductive organs are not visible, as in certain flower- less plants. A gam i dse (a-gtUn'i-dS), n. pi. [Agama, the name of a lizard, and Gr. «I8os. resemblance.] (ZoOl.) A family of lacertilian reptiles, allied to the Iguanidre, characterized by the absence of palatal teeth, a de- pressed head, inflated skin, and by the caudal scales being imbricated. There are many genera found both in the Old and New World. Ag a mcrgen e sis (Sg'a-mo-jSn"e-sis or a-gfan'o- j6u' e-sis), n. [Gr. e, priv., yafios, marriage, and ye^eo-i?. reproduction.] (Biol.) The production of young without the congress of sexes, one of the phe- nomena of alternate generation; parthenogenesis. See Agamic. Ag a mo ge net Ic (3g/a-mo-je-ngt//ik or a-gSm'o- jen-£t"ik), a. Of or pertaining to agamogenesis; produced without the congress of the sexes.- Ag a moid (Ag'a-moid), a. Pertaining to the Agam- idce. Ag a mo spore (Sg'a-mo-spOr), ». [Gr. a, priv., ya/io?, marriage, and Eng. spore.'] (Bot.) A sporo produced without conjugation. < ch,ctain; jjob; vg, th, then; . th, Min; Wjtirtg; wb, whig* zhiiuure; or, food; pil, po«pd, On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 55*AGAPANTHUS Ag a pan thus (Sg/a-pSn//thus), n. [Gr. ayairi), love, and av66s, a flower.] {Bot.) A small genus of ornamental plants belonging to the nat. order- Li- llaceas. The species arc perennial herbs from South Africa, with large umbels of bright blue flowers. They have been long in cultivation. Ag a pe mo ne (&g/a-p€"mo-nS), n. [Gr. ayamj, love, and fxCivrj, abode, from /uteVw, to remain.] The abode of love; an association of men and women living promiscuously on a common fund. Brewer. Ag a pe tae (Sg'a-pg^tS), n. pi. (Eccl.) A term applied to certain virgins belonging to the ancient church who lived in community, aud gave their services to the church. Agar-agar (a-g&r'a-g&r'or ft'gar-a'gar),n.(Bot.) The native name of Ceylon moss or Bengal isinglass, a dried sea-weed, the Qracilaria lichenoides, much used in the East for soups and jellies. Ag a ric (Sg'a-rlk), n.—Female agaric (Bo*.), a species of brown agaric ( Boletus igniarius)1 which grows on oak trees.—Male agaric (Bot.), Boletus laricis, a kind of white agaric which grows upon the European larch. Ag a ri ci a (ig'a-rlsh^i-a), n. [From Agaricus, a genus of fungi.J (Bot.) The mushroom madrepore, a genus of coral madrepores, so named from their resemblance to mushrooms. A gar i ci lit (a-g&r/i-sl//nl), n. pi. (Bot.) A group of fungi having the fruit-bearing surface arranged in radiating gills, as in the mushrooms and toad- stools. Ag ar I cui (a-gSr'ik-us), n. (Bot.) A large and important genus of fungi, characterized by having a fleshy cap or pileus, and a number of radiating plates or gills on which are produced naked spores. A gasp (a-gasp')» adv. In a gasping 6tate ; gasp- ingly. A gast (a-gftst7), a. [See Aghast.] Agastric (a-gfis'trik), a. [Gr. o, without, and yaar-qp, belly.] (Physiol.) Without a stomach or proper intestinal canal, as the tape-worm. Ag at© (itg'at)^. 1* Agate is used by Shakespeare as a symbol of littleness or smallness, or to denote a very small person from the little figures cut in these stones when set in »i»gs. I was never manned with an agate till now. Shale. 2* An instrument used by gold wire-drawers, so called from the agate in the middle of it. 3* (Naut.) The cap for the pivots of the com- {jass-cards, so named because formed of a hard si- iceous stone, a chalcedony or carnelian, etc. Ag a this (flg'a-this), n. Same as Dammara. A£ ath o dee mon (i!g/ath-o-de"mon), n. TGr. a*ya0d?, good, and daifiuiv, a spirit.] The good genius or spirit, a divinity to whom the ancient Greeks drank a cup of unmixed wine at the end of every repast. • Ag a thos ma (a/ga-thOz/'ma). n. [Gr. aya06?, pleasant, and smell.] (2?of.) A genus of plants, nat. order Rutacete, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The Kaffirs mix the dried and pow- dered leaves of A. pulchella with the grease with which they smear their bodies, giving them a smell unbearable by Europeans. A gall* o tes (a-gath'o-tgz), ». (Bot.) A genus of plants found in India, nat. order Gentianacete. The A. Chirayta is the officinal chiretta. Ag a tif er ous (fig' a-tlf" er-us),a. [Eng. agate, and Lat./ero, to produce.] Producing or containing agates. • ' Craig. Ag a tine (ag'at-In), a. Relating to or resembling agate. A ga ve (a-gS've)", ». (Bot.) JThe best known spe- cies is A. am^ricana, whicn was introduced into Europe in 3561. This yields many important pro- ducts. The sap, obtained in abundance from the plant when the flowering stem is just ready to burst forth, produces, when fermented, a beverage re- sembling cider, called by the Mexicans pulque. Agayuf (a-gin'), ) prep. Against; towards. A gaynsf (a-glnz'), J Chaucer. Ago (flj), n.—Age of the moon (Astron.), the time elapsed since her last conjunction with the sun.— Qeologio age, or period, one of those divisions or periods into which geologic time has been classified •accojding to the prevalence of certain animal or vegetable forms, and the comparative antiquity or recentuess of organic remains iuthe strata ; as, the mesozoic age, the age of reptiles, etc.—The Atchce- clogical Ages or Periods are three— the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, these names be- ing given in accordance with the materials em'ployed for weapons, implements, etc. during the particu- lar period. The Stone Age has been subdivided into two—the Palaeolithic and Neolithic. The word age in this sense has no reference to the lapse of time, but simply denotes the stage at which a people has arrived in its progress towards civilization. The«tf are tribes yet in their stone age. Neither do t«e more primitive implements necessarily disappear on the appearance of those of a mpre advanced stage, stone implements being yet to some extent employed in Britain. The phrase Stone Age, there- lore, merely marks the period before the use of Bronze, and Bronze Age that before the employ- ment of iron, among any epecifio people. ^•S© (3j), v. i. To grow old ; to assume the appear- ance of old age ; as, he ages rapidly. I am aging, that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored hair here and there. Landor. 38 Age (fij), v. t. To leave to the influence of time; to bring to maturity, or to a state fit for use ; to give the character of age or ripeness to ; as, toa&e wine; to age clay, etc. A ged ness (Bj'ed-nes), n. The state or condition of being old ; oldness. Custom without truth is but agedness of error. Milton. A gee (a-jS')» adv. Same as Ajee. Age-hon or ed (Sj^hOn'ord), a. Honored or re- verenced on account of age. Age iilg (Sj'ing), ». (Calico-printing.) A process during which the color previously deposited on the outside of the fiber gradually penetrates it and be- comes more firmly attached. A ge la i nae (aj'e-la-I'-'nS), n. pi. (OrnithJ) A tub-family of birds, of the order Passeres; troop- birds. Age less (ilj'les), a. Without ago ; without definite limits of existence. Age mate t (aj'mat), n. One of the same age ; a contemporary. Whilst I beheld Priamus thus gashing, my aire his agemate. Stanyhurst^ A gend (3'jend), n. [Contr. for Lat. agendum. Something that is to be done ; specifically (Theol.), a thing to be done, in contradistinction to a thing to be believed. See Agkndum. For the matter of our worship, our credends, oar agenda are all according to the rule. Wllcock. A gen dum (a-jSn'dum), n. pi. A gen da (a- jSn'da). [Lat., something to be done.J (Theol.) Something which a man is bound to perform, in opposition to credendum, or something which he is bound to believe. 'The moral and religious credenda and agenda of any good man.' Ag e lies ic (Sj'e-nes'/ik), a. (Physiol.) Charac- terized by, or pertaining to, agenesis. A gen e sis (a-jSn'e-sis), n. [Gr. o.priv., andyeVeo-ts, generation.J (Physiol.) Any anomaly of organiza- tion, consisting in absence or imperfect develop- ment of parts; want of power to produoe off- spring, particularly with other species. A gent (a'jent), n.—Morbific agents (Med.),causes of disease; therapeutic agents, the means of treat- ing disease.—A voluntary or free agent is one that may do or not do auy action, and has the conscious perception that Ms actions result from the exercise of his own will.— Agent and patient (Law), a person who is both the d<3ter of a thing and the party to whom it is done; thus when a person who is due money to another dies aud makes the creditor his executor tbe latter may retain out of the estate as much as satisfies* his claim, and is thus said to be agent and patient. A gent ess (a'jent-es), n. A female agent. I shall to-morrow deliver to your agentess, Mrs. Morel a a J, something to send you. Walpole. A gen tial (a-jgn'shal), a. Pertaining to an agent or agency. A ger a turn (ajer'a-tum), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Composite. A. mexicanum is a well-known flower-border annual, ll/2 feet high,with dense lavender-blue heads, which keep their color long. Ageustta (a-gfls'ti-a), «. fGr. yevcts, taste.] ( Med.) A defect or loss of taste, often seen in colds find fevers, or from palsy of the tongue. Age worn (Sj'wOrn), a. Wasted or worn by age. Aggestt (aj-jSstOi v. t. [Lat. aggero, aggestum —ag for ad, to, and gero, to carry.] To heap or pile up ; to carry, as into heaps. The violence of the waters aggested the earth. Fidler, Ag glom er a ted (ag-gl8m'er-ff-ted), a. Agglom- erate. Ag glu ti nate (ag-glfl tin-al), a. —Agglutinate languages (Philol.), language•. in the second stage of development, or that midway between the mon- osyllabic and inflectional stages. The suffixes for inflection are glued to the root, but retain a kind of independence, and are felt to be distinct from the body of the word ; the root stands at the head of the word and undergoes no modification, while the suffixes often undergo vdwel modification by what has been called the law of harmony, every such ending having two forms, ODe with a heavy^ vowel and another with a light, these forms being employed in conformity with the character of the vowel in the root; thus, from Turk. baba, father, we have baba-lar-um-dan, from our fathers, but from dedeh, grandfather, dede-ler-in-den, from their grandfathers. Called also Agglutinative, Aggluti- nating, Poly synthetic, or Terminational Languages. Ag glu ti lia ting (ag-glfl^tin-St/ing), a. (PftUol.) Characterized by agglutination ; agglutinate. See Agglutinate.0^ - Ag glu ti na tion (ag-glfl'tin-a^shun), n.(Philol.) Tbe most characteristic feature of the Turanian languages, consisting in a union of formative elements with roots in such a way thas both retain a kind of semi-independence and the root is n^ver obscured. See Agglutinate. In the Aryan languages the modification of wordp, comprised under declension and conjugation, were likewise originally expressed by agglutination. Max Midler. Ag glu ti na tive (ag-glfl^tin-S'tlv), a. (Philcl.) Exhibiting or characterized by the formative pro- AGITATE cess known as agglutination; agglutinate ; as, an - agglutinative language. There was a very good reason why the Turanian languages should have remained in this second or agglutinative stage. Max Muller. Ag gran diz a ble (Sg^gran-dlz^-bl), a. That may be aggrandized. Aggrappse t (»g-ffr&P8/)» n* P1* ^r.; Fr. agraffe, a hook ; 0. H. Ger. krapfo, a clasp; allied to Eng. grab, etc.] Hooks and eyes used in armor or in ordinary costume. Ag gra va hie f (Sg'gra-va-bl), a. Calculated to aggravate ; capable of aggravating. j This idolatry is the more diRcernable and agaravable in the invocation of saints and idols. Dr. H. More., As gra va tive (Sg^gra-vfi'tiv), n. Aggravation. [R.J It is to be noted that we rose up to Oates's plot by » climax of aggravatives. North. Ag gra va ting (Sg^gra-vat'ing),!?. a. 1. Provok- ing ; annoying ; colloquially applied to persons as- well as things; as, he is an aggravating fellowr u Which makes it only the more aggravating '<# Thackeray. 2. (Law.) Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating circumstances. Ag gra va ting ly (3g//gra-v3t/ing-li), adv. In an aggravating manner. Ag gra va tion (2g/gra-va//shun), n. Act of teas- ing ; irritation ; provocation. [Colloq.1 Ag gre gate (ag'gre-gat), a. 1. (Geul.) Composed of several different mineral constituents capable of being separated by mechanical means ; as$* granite is an aggregate rock. 2, (Anat.) United or formed into clusters; as, aggregate glands, those which are clustered togeth- er, as the tonsils, the salivary, pancreatic, and mammary glands. 3* {Zo&l.) Formed into one common organized mass. i - 4. (Law.) Joined in one corporate body, capa- ble of perpetuity and succession. t Ag gre gate (Sg'gre-gat), n. 1. (Mini) A rock composed of two or more different mineral constit- uents. 2. (Physics.) A mass formed by the union ot homogeneous particles, as distinguished from com- pound, formed by the union of heterogeneous par- ticles. Aggregative (Sg^gre-ga'tlv), a. Gregarious* social. [R.J . _ His (Mirabeau's) sociality, Kis aggregative nature. .7 will now be the quality of qualities for him. Carlyle, Ag gress (ag-gr&s'), v. t. To attack. [R.J Quart. Rev Ag gress ive ly (ag-grSslv-li), adv. In a manner that betokens hostility or aggression, A gha (S ga). Same as Aga. Ag lia nee (ag-h&'ne), «. [Hiud. aghani, tbe pro- duce of the month Aghan, the eighth in the Hindu year, answering to the last half of November and . the fi«wt half of December.] The name given to the chief rice crop in Hindustan. It is the middle of the three crops, being laid down along with the Bhadpee crop in April and May, and reaped in No- vember and December. Called Amun in lower Ben- gal. 'i A ghast* This word is misspelt, and often misinter- preted. Kigh'ly spelt agast, [? Spelt agazed in Shak. 1 Hen. \ I, i. 1. 126, *All the whole armjJ stood agazed on liim;' evidently with the notion that it is connected with gaze. Probably Shakespeare did not write this line, as he rightly has gasted for * frightened ' in Lear, ii. 1.57 ; a word which often now misspelt ghosted. ] ^ A ghast ed f (a-gast'ed),p. a. Struck with terror. My limbs do quake, my thought aghasted i«. I Sackville. Ag i ble t (^j'i-bl), a. [Lat. ago, to do.] Capable of being done; doable. * When they were lit for agible tilings.' Sir A. Shirley. A gil lo clium (a-jfHo-kum), ti. (Bot.) Aloes- wood ; ngallochum. Ag ing (iJj'ing), n. 1. A growing older. 2« Same as Ageing. A gi o (tV ji-o), n. The sum which exceeds the nom- inal value ; premium. i A gi os y man dron (a'ji-Ss'i-mXn^dron), ? A gi os y man drum (a ji-6s'i-miin//drum), J Au instrument Of wood or metal lo make a sound ou being struck, used by Christians in place of bells, in countries subject to the Turks, who forbid their use. A gist age f (a-jfst'aj), n. (Law.) Agistment. A gist a tor (a-jist'at-or), n. Same as Agister. A gist er (a-jlst'er), n. An officer of a royal forest, having the charge of cattle agisted, and collecting the money for the same ; also, one who took in horses and cattle to pasture. Written also gist-taker, which has been corrupted into guest-taker. Ag i tant (jlj'i-tant), n. An agent; one who rnakea himself busy about a matter. Now I am ready for any plot; I'll go find some of these agitants. the Committee. Ag i tate (Hj'it-at), v. i. To engage in agitation;, to arouse or attempt to arouse public attention to some political or social question: as- he set out to agitate in the country. Notation: a, 5,1, 0,11, long; 2, 2,1, 6, ft, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, f&ll,f^st, c&re; h6r, or; byll, fl, Fr.; ft, Fr.f On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.AGITATED Ag 1 ta ted (aj"it-at'ed), a, Disturbed: excited; expressing p.gitation ; as, la an agitated maimer. An agitated countenance." Thackeray. Agitating (.fij , to know.] One of a school of thinkers, who disclaim any knowledge of God or of the origin of the universe. This school holds that the mind of man is limited to an a posteriori knowledge of phe- nomena and the relative, and that, therefore, the Infinite, the absolute, and the unconditioned are beyond all experience, and consequently beyond its . range. Ag nos tic (ag-nOs'tik or a-nOs'tik), a. Pertaining to the agnostics or their doctrines. Agnosticism (ag-nOs'ti-sIzm), n. 1. The be- lief which, confessing a lack of knowledge, refrains from positive or dogmatic assertion. 2* (Theol.) The doctrine of those who believe that God does not know all things, or that God can- not be known; that, on account of the limits of human intelligence, or a want of evidence sufficient to demonstrate the fact conclusively, the existence of a personal God can be neither proved nor dis- proved ; neither asserted nor denied. 3* (Eccl. Hist.)The belief or creed of a Christian sect of the third century who held that God did not know all things. Ag no the ri um (2g/no-thS"ri-um), ». % [Lat. agnus, a lamb, and Gr. dripiov, a wild animal.] (Paleon.) A fossil animal, about the size of a lion, now extinct. It was akin to the dog. Ag nus (Sg'nus), n. [Lat.] An image or repre- sentation of a lamb ag emblematical of oHir Savior $ an agnus Dei. They will kiss a crucifix, salute a cross; carry most devoutly a scapulary, an agnus, or a set of beads about them. ^ Brevint. Ag nug Be I (Sg'nus d5'I). [Lat., Lamb of God.]' 1. One of the titles of Christ. John i. 29. 2» (R. Cath. Ch.) A prayer or invocation In the office of the mass beginning with the words, 39 Agnus Dei.—(Greek Ch.) The cloth which oovers the communion service, bearing the figure of a Jamb. Ag nus Scyth i cus (fig'nusslth'ik-us), n. [Lat.] (Bot.) The Scythian lamb, a name applied to the rhizome of the fern Cibotium barometz, which is covered with silky fibrous hairs, and when inverted and artificially trimmed somewhat resembles a small lamb. The plant is a native of Tartary, and was formerly report 3d to have a semi-animal semi- vegetable nature. 111. PI. 1, Fig. 9. Ag o uarch t (Sg'o-nftrk), n. [Gr. ayutv, a strug- gle, and apxos a ruler.] A leader or master of revels. A gone (8'gOn), n. [Gr. a priv., and yovia, an angle. J An agonic line. I Ag o nis ter f (3g'o-nfa//ter), ) n. One who con« 'Ago nis tes f (3g'o-nIs"t6z),) tends in public I games. J Ag o nus (Sg'o-ous), n. (Ichth.) A genus of fishes; Aspidophorus. * A gon y cli tee (a-g6n'i-cll"t6), n. pi. (Eccl.) The Agonyclytffl were a sect in the seventh century who always prayed standing, as thinking it unlawful to bow the knee (a y6w nkiveiv). To God he will not bow his knee, Like an old Agonyclitee. Ward. Ag O ra (Sg'o-ra), «. The public square and market- place of a Greek town, answering to the forum of the Romans. A gou a ra (a-gO'a-ra), n. [Name in South Ameri- ca.] (ZoOl.) A species of raccoon (Procyon cancri- vorus), called also the crab-eating raccoon, from its habit of eating all kinds of crustaceans and mol- luscs, marine and terrestrial. It is a native of the warmer pans of America, and in size is equal to an average fox. A gou ta (a-gfl'ta), n. [Native name.] (ZoOl.) An insectivorous mammal peculiar to Hayti, of the family Talpidas, and the sole member of the genus Solenodon. It is so puzzling to naturalists that it has received the name of S. paradoxus. It has the fur, ears, and tail of the opossum, but the teeth and elongated nose of the shrews. AH the feet terminate in five toes, and the long claws are curved and evi- dently adapted for scraping in the earth. The den- tition is unique, the grooving of the second incisor of the lower jaw distinguishing this genus from all others whose dental system is known. It is of the size of a rat, and not unlike one. 111. PI. 3 Fig. 10. A graffe ) (a-gr&f), n. | Fr. agrafe, a hook, a clasp. A grafF ) See Agqrappes.]A sort of clasp or hook. * An agraffe set with brilliants.' Sir W. Scott. Braided tresses, and cheeks of bloom, Diamond agraff and foam-white plume. /xndor. A graph I a (a-gr£f'i-a), n. [Gr. a, priv., and ypa<£w, to describe, to write.] (Pathol.) A form of aphasia, in which the patient is unable to express ideas by written signs. See Aphasia. Ag ra phis (Sg'ra-fls), n. [Gr. o, neg., andypa^w, to write, from there being no markings on the petals.] (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to the Liliaceee, and nearly allied to the squills and hyacinths. A. nutans is the common wild hyacinth, the Hyaointhus non-script us of Linnaeus. A gra ri an (a-grS'ri-an), a. Growing in fields without cultivation; wild ; paid of plants. The oharlook is only an agrarian form of BrMsica. Prof. Buckman. —Agrarian laws,In ancient Rome,laws for regulating the distribution of the public lands among the citi- zens.—Agrarian murder, agrarian outrage, an out- rage or murder brought about by some dispute as to the occupancy of land. ' A gree a ble (a-grS'a-bl), o. 1. Inclined or dis- posed to agree; willing to consent. These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of money, so that he will be but content and agreeable that they may enter into the said town. Latimer. I'll meet you there, and bring my wife that is to be. .... You' re agreeable t Dickens. 2. f Concordant. 1 These manifold and agreeable testimonies of tha olde and new writers.' Author of 1596 quoted by Fitzedward Hall. A gre© a bl© f (a-grg'a-bl), adv. In an agreeable or pleasing manner; agreeably. To speak agreeable to him with whom we deal, Is more than to speak in good words, or in good order. Bacon. A gree ing ness (a-gre'ing-nes), n. State of being agreed ; suitableness ; consistency. [R.J Johnson. A gree ment (a-grS'ment), n. (Fine Arts.j Har- mony or union of all parts of a design. A grefe t (a-grgf'), adv. [Prefix a, on or In, and grief.] In grief. Chaucer. A grege f ? (a-grSj'),v. t. and 4. [O.Fr. agreger, ag- A gregge t > greger% from rustic Lat. aggraviare, classical Lat. aggravare, to aggravate, as abridge from abbreviare.] To aggravate ; to exaggerate. A gres ti al (a-gr6s'ti-al), a. Rustic; countrified. A gric o Ions (a-grlk'o-lus), <%. Pertaining to ag- riculture. Ag ri cult ur al (Sg/ri-i:ftlfc//tlr-al), a.—Agricult- ural societies, societies for promoting agricultural improvements, such as the improvement of land, of implements, of the breeds of cattle, etc.—Agri- cultural chemistry, a branch of chemistry treating of the composition and properties of plants, -soils, AGUARDIENTE [ manures, feeding-stuffs for cattle, etc. It teaches | how to improve barren soils "and renew exhausted ones, as also what Roils and manures aro suitable for specific crops.—Agricultural geology treats of the resources of a country in respect of soils, sub» soils, subjacent strata, and mineral manures. Agriculture (fig'ri-kiilt"!^ or fig'ri-kfilt-ur), n. Agriculture has been divided into theoretical and practical.—Theoretical agriculture* or the theory of agriculture, is a science, comprehending in its scope the nature and properties of soils, the differ- ent sorts of plants and seeds fitted for them, the composition and qualities ofmanures, and the rotation of crops, and involves a knowledge of chemistry, geology, and kindred sciences. Practical agriculture, or husbandry, is an art, comprehending all the labors of the field and of the farm-yard, such as preparing the land for the reception of the seed or plants, committing the seed to tbe earth, rearing tbe crop, gathering in the fruits, cultivation and economy of animal and vegetable productions, etc. A grief f ( a-gr6f )i odv. Grieving! y; in grief. Chaucer. A griev ance t (a-grSv'ans), n. Aggrievance. Ag ri mo ni a (ag/ri-mO//ni-a), n. [Low Lat. agri- monia ; Lat. argemonia, agrimon?. Said to be from Gr. apye/u.a, a whitish speck on the eye arising from ulceration (which this plant was supposed to cure from apyoc, white.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Rosacea ; agrimony The species are slender perennial herbs found in temperate regions. The common agrimony (4. eupatoria) was formerly of much repute as a medicine. Its leaves and root- stock are astringent, and the latter yields a yellow dye. A grin (a-grlnO, a. or adv. In the state or act of grinning; on the grin. ^ His visage all agrin. Tennyson. Ag ri ol o gist (Sg'ri-OF'o-jist), n. [Gr. oypio*,pe£ taining to a wild state, and A6yoc, a discourse.] One who makes a comparative study of human customs, especially of the customs of man in a rude or un« civilized state. Max MiiUer. Ag ri ol ogy (8g/rl-51"o-ji), n. Ihe comparative study of the customs of man in his natural Btate. A gri o pes (a-grro-pes), )n. (Jchth.) A genus A gri o pus (a-grl'o-pus),) of acanthopterygioua fishes, family Cataphraoti, particularly distinguish- ed from most other genera of fishes by having only nine rays in the pectoral fins. The A. torvus, or sea-horse, is upwards of 2 feet in length, and is common on the shores of the Cape of Good Hope. Ag rip pin i an (2g'rip-pln"i-an), ». (Eccl.) JL follower of Agrippinus, bishop of Carthage in the third century, who first taught and defended the doctrine of rebaptism. Ag ro no mi al ^Sg'ro-nty'mi-al), a. Belonging to the management of farms ; agronomic. [R.J Rapid as was Leonard's survey, his rural eye detect- ed the signs of a master in the art agfpnontial. - * Lytton. A gron o mist (a-grSn'o-mist), n. One who stud- ies the management of farms. * An impartial for- eign agronomist.' [R.] Edin. Rev. A grope (a-gr0p0, adv. Gropingly; in a groping manner. E. B, Browning. A grose t (a-grOs'), pret. of agrise. Ag ro stem ma (fig'rO-stdm^ma), n. [Gr. dyp6?t a field, and ore'/A/ia, a wreath.] (Bot.) A Linnoean genus of plants, nat. order Caryophyllacera. It is now generally regarded as a section of the genus Lychnis, from which it only differs in the elongated segments of the calyx limb, in the petals being without a prominent scale at the base of the expanded portion, and in the capsule opening by valves alternate with and not opposite to the calyx segments. A. . (Lychnis) Githago (the common corn-cockle), with large entire purple petals, is the only species be- longing to the section as now limited. A gro ted t (a-gro'ted), pp. Satiated; saturated; cloyed. . Chaucer. A gros to graph ic " (a-grtts'to-grftfikV, ) A gros to. graph ie al (a-grOs'to-grSf'ik-al), ) a. Relating to agroetography ; giving a description of the grasses. A gros to logic (argr5s/to-18j//ik), )a. Be- A gros to log ic al (a-gr5s/to-idj"ik-al),) la ting to agrostology; skilled in the knowledge of the A ground (a-ground'), adv. (Fig.) Brought to a stop for a want of ideas, matter, resources, and the like; as, the speaker is aground. A group ment (a-gr&p'ment), n. [Fr. agrouper, to group. J (Fine Arts.) The arrangement of a group in a painting or in statuary; grouping. Ag ryp not ic (ag'rip-nfif'ik), «. [Gr. aypvirvos, sleepless.] (Med.) Something which tends to drive away sleep, or cause sleeplessness. Ag ryp not ic (fig'rip-nQf'ik), a. Having a ten- dency to cause sleeplessness. A gryse t (a-griz; or a-gr6zO, v. i. To shudder through fear; to be seized with terror. Chaucer. A guar di ent e (ft/gwftr-de-Snf'a), n. [Bp. contr. for agua ardiente, burning water.] 1* A second-class brandy made from the red wines of Spain and Portugal, as also fron> the ref- use of the grapes left in the wine-press-; the scrap* ings of casks and vats, and deposits in bottles, geiK ch, chain: g, go; j, job j ng, *ing; th, thev.; th, tftin; w, wig; wh, ichler • zh, azure; or, food; oil, pound. jmr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wqx« cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.AGUA-TOAD erally flavored with anise. It is the popular spirit- uous beverage in these countries. 2» A Mexican alcoholic drink distilled from the fermented juice of the agave. Called also Pulque. iL gua>toaa (A'gwa-tOd), «. (ZoOl.) The Bufo agua, family Bufonidfe, a gigantic specics of toad found in intertropical America and the West Indies. It is one of the noisiest of its tribe, uttering a loud snoring kind of bellow, chiefly during night. It is very voracious, and being believed to devour rats, has been largely imported from Barbadoes into Jamaica to keep down the swarms of rats that de- stroy the plantations. A gued (3'gfld), a. Chilly ; having a fit of ague ; shivering with cold or fear; characterized by shiv- ering. " With flight and agued fear.' Shak. A gue-fit (ft gtl-flt), n. A paroxysm of cold or shiv- ering ; chilliness. This ague-fit of fear is overblown. Shak. A gue-proof (a'gtl-prOf), a. Proof against ague. ' I am not ague-proof.' Shak. A gue-struck (fi'gll-strllk), o. Affected as with an ague. A gut ler t (a-gwl'ler), n. [Fr. aiguille, a needle.] A needle-case. Chaucer. Ag Y nous (Sj'i-n&s), a. [Gr. aand yvvij, a female.] (Bot.) Having only male organs ; furnished with fertilizing, but not fruit-bearing properties. A ha (A'hft), n. A sunk fence which is invisible ex- cept upon a near approach. A more common spel- ling is Ha-ha or Hah-hah. Ahead (a-hSd')i adv.—To run ahead of one's reck- oning (Naut.)i to sail beyond the places erroneous- ly estimated in the dead-reckoning as the ship's station.—To go ahead, a phrase originating in the United States, but now common in Britain, signify- ing to push forward : to be enterprising or specula- tive ; generally used, as an admonition, in the im- perative mood, 1 go ahead;* and not rarely as an adjective; as, a go-ahead person. A heap (a-hCp')* o,. or adv. [Apparently from pre- fix a, on or in, and heap ; but possibly the word, in first extract at. any rate, is really another form of theO. Eng. awhape, to astonish.] 1. In a quiver or tremble with terror; having re- ceived a shock of fear. When some fresh bruit Startled me all aheap I and soon I saw The horridest shape that ever raised my awe. Hood. 2. Huddled together through fear ; in a crowd. So did that sadden Apparition scare All flose aheap those small affrighted things (fairies). Hood. i hiS1 u-hto')?'} OTadv•Behlnd- [Scotch-] All me dl (A-mO'di), n. A gold piece of money used in Mysore, Hindustan, worth about 17.75, or 31 shillings sterling. A home back (a-hors'bfik), adv. [o nnd horse- back.} On the back of a horse; on horseback. Ahu (8'htl), ». (ZoOl.) One of the native names of the common gazelle of Asia. A-hun gered f (a-hOng'gerd), a. [Prefix a (for of), inteus., and hungered ; it is the same word as Piers Plowman's afyngered, from A. S. of-hyngrian, to be very hungry. An-hungered is another form of this word.l Pinched with hunger; hungry. A-liun gry f (a-hting'gri), a. [Prefix a, intens., and hungry. See A-hungebed.J Hungry. 'Iam not a-hungry.* Shak. A hu ra maz da (a-hu/ra-maz"da), n. [Zend.] The name of the supreme divinity of the ancient Persians ;—now called Ormuzd, which is a contrac- tion of the word. See Obmuzd. Alb 11ns (ab'linz), adv. [Probably from able, and adv. term, lins = ling in darkiing ; comp. Sc. back- linSy backwards; or, from , and same termination.] Perhaps ; peradventure ; pos- sibly. [Scotch.] Bnt fare-ya-weel, auld Nickie-ben ! Oh wad ye tak' a thought and men' Ye 'aiblins might—I dinna ken— Still hae a stake. Burns. Alch's metal (Ichs mSt'al), n. (Min.) An alloy of iron, copper, and zinc, said to be more tenacious | and ductile than gun-metal, named from the pat- entee, Johann Aich. Called also Sterro-metal. Aid (ad), n. (Mining.) A Staffordshire mining term for a vein of ore going downwards out of the perpendicular line. At den (a'den or a'e-den), n. [Arab.] Eden. Poe. Aid-soul dier t (ad^sOld'yer), '». An auxiliary soldier. Paullinus....commanded the most choice of the aid-aouldiers. Holland. At gre more (S'ger-mOr), n. [Fr.; origin un- known.] A name given to charcoal when in that state of preparation for the making of gunpowder which renders it fit for the admixture of the other constituent materials. At gullle (a-gwer, a-gwe-tl', or fi'gwll), n. [Fr., a needle.] 1 • An instrument used by military engineers and others for piercing a rock, for the lodgment of gun- powder in a mine or blast-hole. 2* A name given to the needle-like points or tops of granite, gneiss, quartz, and other crystalline 40 rocks and mountain masses ; also applied to sharp- pointed masses of ice on glaciers and elsewhere. Al gut (a-gwSz-a), a. [Fr. aiguiser% to sharpen.] 1 (Her.) Applied to a cross with its four ends sharp- ened, but so as to terminate in obtuse angles. Writ- ten also Eguise. Alle f (II), n. Same as Aisle. All er on (ai'er-on), n. Same as Ailette. All u rold e a (arfl-roid"e-a), n. pi. [Gr. aikovpos. a cat, and cZ6o?, likeness.] (ZoOl.) A group or flesh-eating mammals, including civets, hyenas, and cats. All u rus (ai-fl'rus), n. [Gr. aiAovpo?, a cat.] (ZoOl.) A genus of carnivorous quadrupeds, fam- ily UrsidsB.—A. refulgens, the only known species is the panda (which see). Aim (am), v. i.—'To cry aim (Archery), to encourage the archers by crying out aim when they, were about to shoot. Hence it came to mean to applaud or encourage in a general sense. It ill becomes this presence to cry aim To th"se ill-tuned repetitions. Shak. Aim (&ui), ».—To give aim (Archet^y)^ to stand near the butts to tell the archers where their arrows alight. The terms are 'wide on the shaft (right) hand ;' ' wide on the bow (left) hand ;' ' short;» 4 gone;' the distances being measured by bow- * lengths. See Bow-hand. Alm-crl er f (am//krl/er), n. 1. One who encour- aged an archer by crying aim when he was about to shoot. Hence— 2* An encourager generally; an approving on- looker ; an abettor. ' Thou smiling aim-crier at princes' fall.' Markham. Aim-front let (am^frtLnt'let), n. A piece of wood fitted to the muzzle of a gun so as to make it level with the breech, formerly in use among gunners. E. H. Knight. Aim worth i ness (flm/worth'/l-nes), n. Good aim. These worthy fellows waited not to take good aim with their cannon, but pointing it in a general direc- tion, and, trusting in God for aimworthineea, laid the rope to the breech and fired. Blackmore. Aln (an), a. Own. [Scotch.] Allies | C5118), adv. Once. [Scotch.] Aln ent (B'nent), a. [O. Fr. aner (the Mod. Fr. aHer)y to go, from Lat. adnare, originally to swim to. ] (Her.) Running, applied to beasts. Al no (I'no), n. One of a race found in the interior of Yesso, in the south of Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands, supposed to be the remains of the aborig- inal population, and at one time to have peopled all the Japan isles. They are remarkable for their hirsuteness, in many cases the bodies, and still more frequently the legs and arms, being covered with short, bristly hair. The word is also msed adjec- tively. Aln sell (Sn'sel), n. Ownself. [Scotch.] Ain't ) (8nt), A vulgar corruption of are not; An't J sometimes a J so used for is not and am not. Air (Ar), n.—To take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride a little distance.—To take airy f to be di- vulged ; to be made public; as, the story has taken air. Air is frequently found in composition, and as the fompounds are in many cases words of obvious meaning, only those which have a peculiar or spe- cific sense are entered below in alphabetical order. Ail* f (Ar), v. i. To set to music. For not a drop that flows from Helicon, But aired by thee grows straight into a song. Jt Cobb. A1! ra (3r'a), n. [Greek name of a kind of darnel.] (Bot.) Hair-grass, a genus belonging to the nat. order Graminese, characterized by two-flowered epikelets. The species are widely distributed to temperate regions, but few are of much value as fodder plants. A. ccespilosa (the tufted hair-grass) is from 2 to 4 feet high, growing in meadows and boggy heaths, where its tufts are useful as stepping- places. It affords a fine cover for game, and con- stitutes the bulk of bog-hay on moors. Its long, narrow, rough leaves wound the skin if drawn smartly across it. Air a ble (Ar'a-bl), a. Suitable to be sung. Houxell. [R. and obs.] Air-bath (Ar'bfith), n. 1 ■ The exposure of the person to the action of the air, recommended by Dr. Franklin. 2* An arrangement for drying substances by ex- posing them to air of any temperature desired. Air-blown (Ar'blOn), a. Blown or carried by the wind. Air-bone (&r/bfln), n. A bone with a large cavity filled with air, as in birds. Owen. Air-born (A^born), a. Produced by, or born of, the air. Air-borne (Ar-'bOrn), a. Carried or borne by the air. Air-brake (Ar'brBk), n. (Mach.) A railway brake applied by means of condensed atmospheric air. Air-brav ing (6r"brav/ing), a. Defying the in- fluence of the air. * Air-braving towers.1 Shak, Air-bred (a^brgd), a. Produoed in or from air. Air-brick (ftr'brlk), n. An iron box, commonly made of the size and shape of a brick, and perforated with boles, placed in the wajls of houses so as to AIR-LOCK facilitate the transmission of air, and thus promote ventilation. Air-cane (Ar'k&n), n. An air-gun fitted up in a walking-stick. Air-casing (Ar'^aslng), n. An air-tight casing of sheet-iron around a pipe to prevent undue transmis- sion of heat or cold ; specifically, the casing round the base of the funnel of a steam-vessel, to prevent too great a transmission of beat to the deck. Air-con den ser (Arkon-dGna^er), ». An appara- tus for condensing air. It consists of a close vessel with a syringe attached to it, which is used for in- jecting air into the vessel until the requisite degree of condensation be produced. Air-cone (Ar/kOn), n. A cone in a marine-engine to receive the gases which enter the hot-well from the air-pump, whence, after ascending, they escape through a pip e at the top. Air-course (Ar'kOrs), n. A general name for the passages in a coal-mine intended for ventilation. Air-cross Ing (ftr//cr6s/ing), ». A passage formed to admit air into a mine. Alr-cusli Ion (ar^kgsb'on), n. A cushion made by inflating a bag with air. Air-dew (Ar/dQ)', ». Manna. [R.] Air-drain (Ar'dran), n. [Arch. J A cavity formed round the external walls of a building to prevent the earth from lying against them and causing damp- ness. Air-drill (ArMrll), ». A drill driven by the pressure of condensed air. E. if. Knight. Air-engine (Ar^&i'jTn). w. An eogine in which air, heated or compressed, is employed as the motive power. Condensed-air engines have been found to be the best and safest for working the rock-drill in mining operations, the waste air serving to ventilate the mine and reduce the oppressive heat. Air er (Ar'er), «. A screen for drying clothes, etc. Air-es cape (ftr^es-capOi n. A contrivance for permitting air which has collected in water-pipes to escape. Air-exhauster (Ar^egz-hast'er), «. 1. An air- trap by which collected air may escape from water- mains, etc. 2. A contrivance for removing exhausted air from any place intended to be ventilated. Air-fil ter (Ar^fll'ter), n. A contrivance for filter- ing or purifying air. The cpmmon method is to make the air pass through a wire screen, and then expose the current to the action of water. Air-flue (Ar'Atl^n. A flue by which air is conveyed to the various parts of a building. f .Air-formed (Ar^ormd), a. Produced or formed from air. Air-fountain (Ar^fount'an), n. An apparatus for producing a jet of water by the elastic force of air compressed in a close vessel, and made to act on the surface of the water to be raised. Air-fun nel (Ar^fQn'nel), n. (A'out.) A cavity formed by the omission of a timber in the upper works of a vessel, to promote the ventilation of the hold. / Air-fur nace (Ar^fSr'nas), n. A term used to de- note a furnace which has no blast, but only a natural draught. Air-gas .(Ar'gfls), n. An inflammable illuminating gas made by charging ordinary atmospheric air with the vapors of petroleum, naphtha, or some similar substance. The substance so used is called gasoline, and must be such as to evaporate with great readi- ness. Air go na tion f (Ar^o-na^shun), ». Aerostation. Walpole, writing in 1784, coins this word, and airgo- naut for aeronaut, those more usual terms perhaps not being then formed, though in 1786 Peter Pindar uses aeronaut (p. 151, note). Air go naut f (Ar'go-n&t). An aeronaut. See Aib conation. You know how little I have attended to those airgo- nauts. Walpole. Air grat ing (Ai^'grat'ing), n. A grating to admit air for ventilation. Air-hold er (Ar' hOld'er),*!. 1* A vessel for hold- ing air for various purposes ; as, (a) for the pur- pose of-counteracting the pressure of a decreasing column of mercury ; (6) for the purpose of keeping up a moderate and steady current of air. In the latter case the air is contained in an inverted ves- sel which rises and falls in a tank of water, and has the air supplied to it by one pipe and carried off by another. t 2. t A gasometer. Air ing-stage (Ar-'ing-staj), «. A platform on wh ich powder is dried by exposure to sun and air. AliVlamp (Ar'l&mp), ti. The name of a pneumatic apparatus in which aflame that may be regulated at will, is produced by the combustion of an iuflam- mable gas which is lighted by electricity. Air-lev el (Ar'/lSv'el), n. A name sometimos given to a spirit-level. » Air-lock (Ar'lOk), *i. An air-tight chamber in fc caisson in which operations are being carried on un- der water, communicating by one door with the outer air and main entrance shaft of the caisson, and by another door with the chambers filled with condensed air in which the men are at work. Before entering the latter chambers one must pass through the air- lock, where one remains until the air Within it has been brought to the same degree of .compression aa that in the working chambers Notation: ft, 6,1, 0, tl, long; S, £, I, 8, ti, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far f§ll, f^st, cAie; h6r, mOvef or; byll, 0, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton, tm- On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.AIR-MACHINE Air-ma cliine (&r"ma-shSn')« *»• {Mining.) The apparatus by which pure air is forced into parts bad- ly ventilated, and the foul air extracted. Aim (&rn), n. Iron. [Scotch.] Air o-liy dro gen (ir'O-hF'drO-jen), o. Pertain- ing to a mixture of atmospheric air and hydrgen. —Airo-hydrogen blowpipe, a blowpipeo In which at- mospheric air and hydrogen are burned together in order to produce an intense heat. Air om e ter (ar-fim'et-er),n. [Air, and Qr. ftdrpov, a measure.] Same as Air-holder (bj. Air-pas sage (ar//p?ls/aj), n. !• (Anat.) One of the tubes by which air is admitted to the lungs com- prising the larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and their minute ramifications. 2. (Bot.) A large intercellular space In the stems and leaves of aquatic plants, and in the stems of endogens. Air-pil low (fir'/pTl'JO), n. A pillow consisting of an air-tight bag inflated with air. Air-£ort (ir'pOrt), n. (Naut.) A name given to large scuttles in ships' bows for the admission of air when the other ports are down. 8ide-ports are also called by this name. Air-pump (ftr'pump), n. — Air-pump bucket, an open piston with valves on the upper surface open- Ing upward so as to admit the air and water in the down-stroke and lift it with the up-stroke of the pump. Air-scut tie (6r//pkflt/l), n. Same as Air-port. Air*stir ring (Ar//st6r/ing), a. Causing air to be put in motion. Air-stove (ir'stOv), n. A stove which is employed to heat a current of air directed against its surface by means of pipes, which heated air is then admit- ted to the apartment requiring to be heated. AIrt ( Art). )n. [Gael, aird, point of the compass ; Airth (4rth), f or perhaps connected with Jcel.dtt, celt, a quarter of the heavens.] Point of the com- pass; direction. [Scotch.] Of a' the afrts the wind can blaw I dearly like the west. Burnt. Alrt f&rt), v. t. To direct. [Scotch.] Alr-ther mom e ter (4r'ther-mflm//et-er),n. A thermometer in which air is employed as a substitute for mercury and spirit of wine. Of these there are several kinds, but the most important is Leslie's Differential Thermometer. They are well fitted for measuring high degrees of heat, but are difficult to manage, wherefore Regnault prefers vapor of mer- cury. Alr-tiglitfar'tTt), n. A name given to a wood stove, the draft of which can be almost entirely closed; an air-tight stove. [Colloq. U.S.] Air-tint (&r'tTnt),«. {Paint.) The tint which brings out more distinctly the distant parts of a landscape ; also a tint which imparts a misty appearance to a landscape. Air-trunk (Ar'trfmgk), ». A contrivance to pre- vent the stagflation of putrid effluvia in jails or apart- ments where many people are collected. It is merely a square open tube, passing from the ceiling to the open air above the roof, by which the heated air es- capes. Air-tube (fir'tflb), n. 1. (ZoOl.) A name given to certain horny passages for air iu the abdomen of some aquatic insect. 2* {Naut.) A small iron tube hung in a coal box from the deck, and filled with water, for the purpose of ascertaining the temperature of the coal by a thermometer as a precaution against spontane- ous combustion. Knight. 3. The tube of an atmospheric railway (which see tinder Atmospheric). Air-valve (Ar'viUv), n. {Steam Engines.) A valve applied to steam-boilers to prevent a vacuum when the steam is condensing in the boiler; the safety- valve fixed at the top of the boiler of the steam-en- gine. Air wards (ftr'werds), adv. Up in the air; up- wards. ' Soar airwards again.1 Thackeray. Air-way (4r'wa),n. A passage for air; specifica''- a passage for the admission of air to a mine. Air y (4r'i), n. Same as Aerie. Air y (4ryi), a. Putting on airs; vain or affected in manner ; having an artificial style. [Colloq.] Als let (I'let), n. A small ait or island. He enjbyed a party of pleasure in a good boat on the water to one of the aits or aislets in the Thames. Mi'88 Edge worth. Altch-pfeee ) (Sch'pSs), n. That part of a |>lun- H-piece ) ger-lift in which the clack or valve of a pump of any description is fixed. Alth (fith), ». Oath. [Scotch.] A1 tl ol o gy (I'ti-8l"o-ji), n. [Gr. ama, a cause, and Aoyos, a discourse.] The doctrine of efficient, as opposed to final, causes. Alts (5tz), n. Oats. [Scotch.] Ai ver ) (a'ver), n. [Norm, and O. Eng. from Low Aver J Lat. averia,' horses, cattle, pi. of averi um, wealth, from Fr. awot'r, Lat. habere, to have.] A ' work-horse. [Scotch.] » Aix-beds (8s bgds), n. pi. (Geol.) Thick fresh-wa- ter tertiary strata, occurring near Aix, in Provence, France, consisting of calcareous marls, calcareo-si- liceous grits and gypsum, and full of fossil fishes, insects, and plants. Aiz le (Iz'l), n. [A. Sax. i/sefa, ysla, a spark, an em- ber.] A hot cinder; an ember. [Scotch.] A Jee (a-jeO, adv. [Prefix a, on, at, and jee or gee, 41 to move, t( move to one side. ] Awry ; off the right line ; obliqtely ; wrong. [Scotch.] His brain was a wee ajee, but he was a braw preacher for a' that. Sir W. Scott. Ajurn (a-fl'ru), n. The Brazilian generic name for parrot. A just f (a-jOsf), v. t. To adjust; to apply. Chaucer. A kail ti cone (a-k&n'ti-kGu), n. {Min.) A name occasionally given to mineral epidote. Ak beer (&k'b6r), n. A red powder thrown on the clothes aud person at Hindu festivals. Ak© ( ak ), «. v. This is the original and correct method of spelling the word now written ache. His limbs must alee with daily toil opprest. Prior. A kee (a-kg7), n. The fruit of Bliyhia sapida, nat. order Sapindoceae, a native of Guinea, whence it was car ried by Captain Bligh to Jamaica in 1793, and thern^l disseminated over the West Indies and South America. It is much esteemed as a fruit. The plant is a tree 30 or 40 feet high ; the leaves some- what resemble those of the ash; the flowers are small and white ; the fruit is oblong, ribbed, of a reddish-orange color,and contains several large seeds partly imbedded in a white, succulent, and slightly acid aril, which is the part eaten, and is very grate- ful to the palate. 111. PI. 1, Fig. 11. Ake-horn f (ak'horn), ». Acorn.- Chaucer. A kele (a-kei' ), v. t. [Prefix a, and kele, A. Sax. celan, to cool.] To cool. Chaucer. A ker-staff (S'ker-stilf), n. [ Aker—acre, field." (Agric.) An instrument for clearing the colter ol the plow. Ake ton (Sk'ton), «. The acton. Akli oond (ak-0nd')> n. The title of a ruler or chief of Kafiristan. Ak kad (ilk'kad), )n. and a. See Accad, Ak ka di an (ak-ka'di-an), ) Accadian. A knee (a-n6'), adv.- On the knee; on the knees. LR-] Aknee they fell before the prince. Southey. Ak ou om e ter (ak/fl-6m//e-ter), n. An acoume- ter. Ak ro ke rau ni an (ilk/ro-ke-r&//ni-an),a. Same as Aoroceraunian. 4 The vast Akrokeraunian walls. * Tennyson. Al*ta. adv. n. All. A la (a'la), n. pi. A lie (S'15). [Lat., a wing.] 1. {Bot.) One of the two side petals of a papilio- naceous blossom, or the membranous expansion of an organ, as of a fruit, seed, 6tem, etc. 2. (Anat.) A term applied to many parts; as, ala auris, the upper and outer parfcof the external ear ; alee nasi, the lateral cartilages of the nose, etc. Al a ban dine (ai/a-Mn//din), n. (Min.) Mangan- ese glance or blende. It is a sulphide of manganese. Al a bar cites (iU'a-bfir"kez)f n. In ancient times, the chief magistrate of the Jews in Alexandria, whose duty lay chiefly in raising and paying taxes. Written also Arabarches. AI a bas trine (51'a- b58/7trln), a. Of or pertain- ing to, or resemblipg alabaster.—Alabastrine posi- tive (Photog.), the name given to a collodion pos- itive in which the film, after being colored with dry pigments, is rendered permeable to varnish, and thus ebows the color in the collodion itself. Al a bas trite ( 51'a-bSs//trIt), n, [Lat. alabas- trites, alabaster.] 1 • A name sometimes given to alabaster. Hence— 2* A vase, box, or other vessel formed of alabas- ter. Al a bas tron (2l'a-bas/'tron), n. Same as Alabas- ter. A lac ri fy (a-iak'ri-fT). v. t. [Lat. atacer% alacri cheerful, and facio, to make.] To make cheerful; to rouse to action ; to excite; to infuse courage into. A lac ta ga (aMak-ta'^a), n. {ZoOl.) The jump- ing rabbit of Siberia, a rodent of the family Dipo- did» or jerboas. A-la-grecque ) (ft-lft-gr5k), n. [Fr., after the A-la-grec ) Greek fashion.] {Arch.) A name for one of the varieties of the fret ornament, used for running friezes, borders, etc., and fre- quently seen in ancient Koraan pavements. Al a lite (ai'a-llt), n. [From Ala in Piedmont, and Gr. Aidof, a stone.] {Min.) A species of augite; diopside. Al a me da (ft^a-mS^da), n. [Sp.] A public walk planted with trees. Al a mo dal i ty (&l/a-mo-d&l//i-tl), n. Conform- ity to the prevailing mode or fashion of the times. [R.] A land f (a-iand')i I»• [Sp. alano.] A kind of A laun f (a-lan')t ) ^nastiff chiefly used for hunt- ing the boar. Around his char there wenten white alauna Twenty and mo, ag gret as any stere, To hunten at the leon or the dere. Chaucer. A lane (a-ian'), adv. Alone. [Scotch.] Al a nine (Sl'a-nln), n. (Chern.) A white crystal- line substance obtained from prussic acid and alde- hyde ammonia. Al ant (51'ant), n. [See Aland]. (Her.) A mas- tiff dog with short ears. ~ A larged t ta-lftr jd'), JPP* !• Given largely. 2* Enlarged. Wickliffe. A la ri a (a-18'ri-a), n. [Lat. ala, a wing.] {Bot.) A genus of Alg», inhabiting the colder parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The membranous frond is from 3 to 20 feet long and has a thick mid- ALBION rib. A. esoulenta is variously called badderlocks% henware, or muslins. The nutritious midrib, stripped of the membranes on each side, is eaten. A larmed (a-l&rmdO, a. Indicating alarm; as, an alarmed look. A larni-gauge (a-larm'gSj), n. An automatic con- trivance in a steam-engine by which notice is given when the pressure of steam becomes too high, or the water too low in the botter. A larm iHig (a-iarm'ing), a. Calculated to rouse alarm ; of such a nature as to excite apprehension ; as, on the fifth day alarming eymptons appeared. A las mo don (a-ISs'mo-don), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of bivalve molluscs, the river pearl-mussels of North America. A la ted (a^at-ed), a. [Lat. o?o, a wing; ala'tus, winged.] 1* Yvinged ; having membranous expansions like wings. 2. (Conch.) Applied to shells having an expand- ed lip. Al a tern (21'a-tern), ) n. (Bot.) A species of Al a ter nus (fira-t6r/yuus), ) Rhamnus or buck- thorn often planted in English town gardens; Rhamnus Alaternus. A lau da (a-la'da), n. (Ornith.) The genus of in- sessorial birds to which the lark belongs, containing many species, found in all parts of the globe, and distinguished everywhere for their vigilance and their singing on thq wing when soaring upward in the air, A lau di dse (a-la'di-dS), n. pi. (Ornith.) The lark family. T'ue larks are sometimes classed as a sub-family (Al-iudinte) of the finches (Fringillidw), A laun f (a-limO, ) Aland A launt f (a-hmf), f n* Bame a8 Alana- A laye f (a-II')i n. [O. Fr. d lei% according to *aw.] An alloy. Al ba da ra (Sl/ba-dfl//ra), n. The Arabian cabal- istic name for the sesamoid joint of the great toe, to which extraordinary gifts were anciently ascribed. Al ba core (81'ba-kOr), n. The dolphin. [Portu- guese.] The albacore that followeth night and day The flying fish, and takes them for hia prey. Dennys. Al ba ta (al-bS'ta), ». [Lat. albus, white.] An al- loy consisting of a combination of nickel, zinc, tin, and copper, often with antimony and silver, united in various proportions. It is a white metal, resem- bling silver in appearance, and is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc. Called also British Plate and German-silver. He was not the genuine article, but a substitute, a kind of albata. Q. A. Sala. Al be do (al-b&'do), n. (Astron. aud Op lithographic rep- resentations ; also, the picture taken in this manner. The process was first discovered by Albert of Mu- nich, from whom the name is derived. Al bes cence (al-bSs'ens), ». [Lat. albesco, to grow white, from albus, white.] The act or state of growing white or whitish. Al bi cant (iirbi-kant), a. [Lat. albicans, albican- tis, becoming white.] Becoming of a white color; growing white. Albinism (fil'bi-nlzm), n. 1. An unnaturally white condition, sometimes observed iu the hair of animals and the feathers of birds. White mice, and white crows and blackbirds are examples. 2. (Bot.) A certain condition in plants, in which the leaves and other parts are unnaturally pale or white, caused by the deficiency or absence of the coloring matter. Al bi nlst ic (ai'bi-nlstf'ik), a. Having the appear- ance or characteristics of an albino. Al bi not ic (al'bi-n5t' ik), a. Characterized by, or affected with, albinism. Albion (al'bi-on), n. [Celt, albain—alb, alp, height, cliff* and ban, white; a name given to the island presumably from the white cliff's of the south coast, the first object seen by the early immigrants. Grimm regards alb, alp, a height, as related to al (Lat. albus), white, as indicating the whiteness of snow-clad summits.] An ancient name of Britain, gradually restricted to Scotland; still frequently used in poetry gs equivalent to Britain. ch, chain; g, ?o; j, job; ng, sing; th, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, a*ure; " or,-food; oil, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's "nd Wor- cester's Unabridged Diction^nea.ALBOLITH AI bolltlicai'bo^irth), n. [Lat. albua, white, and Gr. Atflo?, a 6tone.]^ A species of artificial stone or plastic material, used as cement, the principal In- gredient of which is magnesia. AI bronze (Sl'brCinz), n. A composition of alumin- ium and copper, much stronger than brase. It is used for telescope bearing^, etc. Alb Sun day (ftlb" sun'da), n. (Eccl.) A name given to the first Sunday after Easter, for the reason that newly baptized persons formerly appeared in church on that day clothed in white raiment; also called Low-Sunday and Dominica in Albis. AI bum (fil'bum), n. [Lat., from albus, white.] 1, (Rom. Antiq.) A white tablet on whioh the names of public officers and also public transactions were written down. 2. A blank book with ornamental binding for pre- serving photographic views, cartes de visite, etc. 3* {Law.) White or silver money paid as rent. AI bu me an (al-bfl'me-an), a. Pertaining to an album. AI bu men fzed (al-bfl'men-Wl),) o. Impregna- A1 bu mill tzed (al-bu'min-Izd), ) ted or pre- pared with albumen.—Albumenizedpaper, (o) (Pho- tog.) paper impregnated with albumen for photo- graphic purposes. (6) A kind of paper made in im- itation of parchment by steeping it in sulphuric acid. Album lira? cum (Sl'bum gre"kum ), n. The dung of dogs, wolves, hyenas, etc., which, from ex- posure to the air, becomes white like chalk. It was formerly used as a medicine, and is still used by tanners to soflefi leather. . AI bu mln i form (St'bu-mIn//i-form)la. Appear- ing like or resembling albumen. AI bu mi nim e ter (al-bfl/mi-n!m"e-ter), n. An instrument for measuring the amount of albumen contained in any substance. AI bu min in (al-bU'min-in), n. OOnin; the sub- stance of the cells inclosing the white of birds' eggs. It contains no nitrogen, and dissolves in caustic pot- ash. AI bu mi nold(al-btl'min-old),a. [Lat. albumen, and Gr. eiSoy, resemblance.] Like albumen. AI bu mi noid (al-bil'min-oid), n. A substance re- sembling albumen. Same as Proteid (which see). AI bu mt nose (al-bfl'mi-nOs), )a. (Bot.) Applied AI bu ml nous(al-bfi'min-us), ) to plants whose seeds have a store of albumen, as all kinds of grain, palms, etc. AI bu mi nose (al-bti'mi-nOs), n. v.Physiol.) Al- buminoid material rendered fit for absorption by the process >f tHgestion. AI bu mi n^u*» ness (al-btl'min-fis-nes), n. The property or state of being albuminous. AI bu mi nil ri a (al-bil/mi-nil//ri-a), n. [Lat. al- bumens and Gr. ovpov, urine.] (Med.) Agranular disease of the cortical part of the kidney,whioh gives occasion to the secretion of urine that contains al- bumen. ' AI burn (21'bern), n. Same as Alburnum. AI bur ni tas (al-b6r7ni-tas), n. A disease in trees in which tha wood remains like alburnum. AI byn (Sl'bin), ». [See Albion.] Another form of Albion: especially restricted to the Highlands of Scotland. Weep, Albynt to death and captivity led. Campbell. AI ca dae (21'ka-dS), n. pi. Same as Alcidce. AI ca li (Sl'ka-li), n. Same as Alkali. AI ca zar (aKka'zfir, Sp. pron. ai-ka'thar), n. [Sp., a castle, a fort, a quarter-deck, from the Arabic.] A fortress: applied also to the royal palaces of Spain, even when not fortified. In the ancient alcazar of the Moors he foun^d a state- ly residence. Prescott. AI ce din i dae (Sl'se-dIn"i-dS), n.pl. (Ornith.) A family of fisairostral insesaorial birds, the kingfish- ers, typical genus Alcedo. Called also Halcyonidce. AI ces (21'ses), ». [Lat. alces% Gr. aAjciJ, an elk.] (ZoOl.) A'genus of animals of the Cervidfe or deer family, characterized by a short and thick neck, thick and brittle hair, a mane on throat, and by hav- ing a tuft of hair above the middle ot the metatarsal bones of the hind-leg; the elk. It is the size of a horse, and inhabits Russia, Poland, Sweden, and Norway,but particularly thenorth of North America. AI clie mil la (iPke-mil^la), n. [Arabic name al- kemelyeh, it being supposed to have wonderful al- chemic properties.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Rosacea?, lady's-mantle. They are herbs, with lobed leaves and small yellow or green flowers. AI chyme (ai'klm), v. t. To pour over, or fuse. [R.] True gold is alehymed over with a false sophistica- tion. Adams. AI chym Ic (al-kTm'ik), ) a. Same as Alzhem- A1 ch j m ic al (al-klm'ik-al), J n (a-lek/tri-on), n. [Gr. aXttcrpvuv, & cock.] A name given by Longfellow to a cock. And, from out a neighboring farm-yard, Loud the cock Alectryon crowed. Longfellow. Ale-dra per f (aVdra'per), n. A humorous name for a keeper of an ale-house; one who sells ale: probably from the ancient custom of measuring ale by the yard. I get mee a wife ; with her a little money ; when we are married, seeke a house we must ; no other occupa- tion have I but to be an ale-draper. Henry Chettle. A lee (a-lfi')* adv. (Naut.)—Hard alee, or luff aleey au order to put the helm to the lee-side.—BfeZm's aZee, that is, the helm is alee, a notice given as an order to the seaman to cause the head-6»ils to shake inlhe wind with a view to bring the ship about. Ale-fed (SVfCd), p. a. Nourished with ale. The growth of his ale-fed corps. Stafford. A left (a-lSft')* odw. [Prefix a, on, and left.] On or to the left. [R.] Ale-gill (flFjil), n. A kind of medicated liquoi from the infusion of ground-ivy in malt liquor. Ale-glass (Sl'gliis), n. A glass from which ale is drunk. Ale-haunt er (Sl^hant'er), n. A frequenter of ale-feasts or ale-houses. They are Popish Priests, or Monks, or Friars, or Ale- haunters. Hvylin. A le 1st(S'le-is), n. The lote tree. Chaucer. Ale-keep er (ai"kgp'er), n. A keeper of an ale- house. One William Quick, an ale^-keeper within the county of Devon, was suppressed by the Justices of Assize. House of Lords MSS. A lemb dar (a-ISm'dar), n. In Turkey, an officer who bears the green standard of Mohammed when the sultan appears in publio. A. lem bic (a-l&n'bik), v. t. To extract or distill. I diverted myself with the important mysteries that have been altmbicked out of a trifle. Walpale. A|e-measure (Sl^mSzh'ur),?!. A measure for ale. A len ?ou L»ace (a-l&n-son 13s), n. A kind of French lace, with six-stded mesh of two threads, made of pure hand-spun linen thread; it is the rich- est, strongest, finest, and most expensive of the French laces, and is surpassed ouly by that of Brus- sels. It receives its name from Alengon, tbo chief town of the department of the Orne. Called also Alengon Point. A lep i dote (a-lSp'i-dOt), a. [Gr. a, priv., and Aen-t;, a scale.] Not having scales; as, an g,lepidote fish. A lep 1 dote ( a-lSp'i-dOt), ». Any fish whose skin is not covered with s Ale-pole (Sl'pOl), )n. [See Ale-stake.] Thetarm Ale-post (Sl'pOst), J ale-pole was sometimes ap- plied to the Mav-pole. Ale-pot (ai'pCt), n. A pot or mug for holding ale. A clean cloth was 6pead before him. with knife, fork, and epoon, salt-cellar, pepper-box, glass, and pewter ale-pot. < . Dickens. Ale-scot + (51'skOt),) n. lAle and scot, or its cor- Ale-shotf (al'shOt), J rupted form, shot, the quo- .ta of a tayern-bill.j A reckoning to be paid for ale Ale-stake (ai'stak), n. A stake having a garland or bush of twigs at the top of it, 6et up as a sign be- fore an ale-house. Called also Ale-pole, Ale-post. A garland had he sette upon his.heda As great as it were for an ale-stake. Chaucer. Ale-tast er (SK'tSsfer), n. Same as Ale-conner. Al e thi ol o gy (al-S/thi-51//o-ji or a'le-thl-Wo-ji), n. [Gr. aAijfleia, truth, and Aoyos, discourse.] The doctrine of truth and evidence; the method of in- vestigating the laws of truth. Modified logic falls naturally into three parts. The first part treats of the nature of truth and er- ror, and of the highest laws for their discrimina- tion, Alethiologp. Sir W^Hamilton. Notation : . fl, 6,1, 0, G. Ion3 ■ S, S, T, 0, u, short; a, e, 1, o, a, obscure; f&r, fgll, tyst, c&re; h£r, mOve, or; byll,.li, Fr.; h% Fr., ton; gr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ALETH0PTEKI8 Al e thop ter 16 (ai'e-thSp//ter-is), n. [Gr. aAjj0>fc true, ftni rrTepi?, a fern.] (Puleon.) A genus of fossil ferns discovered abundantly in the coal for- mations, and also found in the weaklen and o3lite reeks. A letli o (scope (a-lSth'o-skOp), n. [Gr. dAijfljJs, true, and (a-ietO, n. [Fr.; It. aletta, dim. of Lat. ala, a wing.J {Arch.) A email wing of a building; a pilaster or buttress ; the face of-the pier of an arch, extending from the edge of the opening; but more particularly that portion hetwixt the edge of the opening and the pillar or pilaster which Is used to decorate the arch. AI en ri tes (3l/fl-rr'/tSz), n. [Gr. akevpov, wheaten flour—the plants being covered with a mealy sub- stance.] (Bot.) A genus of plants nat. order Eu- phorbiacese. The only species, A, triloba (the can- dle-berry tree), a tree 30 to 40 feet high, is a native -of the Moluccas and some of the Pacific islands, and is cultivated in tropical countries for its nuts, which abound in oil, and when dry are used by the Poly- nesian islanders as a substitute for candles, whence they are called candle-nut* or candle-berries. A1 eu rom e ter (ai/(l-r5m"e-ter),n. [Gr. akevpov, wheaten flour, and p.e'rpoi>, measure.] An instrument invented by M. Boland for indicating the bread- making qualities of wheaten flour. The indications depend upon the expansion of the gluten contained in a given quantity of flour when freed of its starch by pulverization and repeated washings in water. Aleur on (a-lflr'on), / n. [Gr. aAevpor, wheat.] A leur one (a-lQr'Ou), \ (Bot.) A substance which is in fact proteiue, particularly abundant in rape- seed. It consists of a vesicle which contains a sub- stance of a waxy nature, colored by iodine and fre- quently crystallized. Ale-vat (ftl'vat), n. A vat in which ale is ferment- ed. Ale-washed (ai'wCsht), a. Steeped 6r soaked in ale. k Ale-wnshed wits.' Shah. Al ex an drl an (itt'egz-Sn//dri-an), a.—Alexan- drian Codex, an important manuscript of the Scrip- tures, in the British Museum, written on parchment in uncial characters. Its probable date is the fifth or sixth, century.—Alexandrian Library, the largest collection of books of the ancient world, founded by Ptolemy Soter at Alexandria, in Egypt, and said to have contained 700,000 volumes of tbe literature of Home, Greece, and Egypt. Supposed to have been ultimately destroyed by fanatic Arabs a. d. 641. A1 ex an drlne (ai'egz-Sn'Mrln), n. The name of several ancient medical preparations, especially a garlic plaster invented by an ancient physician of the name of Alexander. .Dunglison. A1 cx an drite (ffl'egz-Sn^drlt), n. [After Alex- ander I., en^eror of Russia.] (Min.) A variety of ehrysoberyl found in the mica-slate of the Urals. A lex 1 pliar ma eal t (a-iek/si-farm"a-kai), a. Same tw Alexipharmic. Dean Pierce. AI ex 1 py ret Icta-lgk'si-pT-rSf'ik^a. [Gr. dAefw, to ward off, and 7rvpeTos, a fever.] {Med.) Same as Febrifuge or Antifebrile. Ale-yard (31'yard), n. A very elongated form of drinking-glass and measure for ale formerly used. There were also half-yards and quarter-yards, for piuts and half-pints respectively. A 4tricky' ale- yard was also used, in which the narrow end opened into a small globe, so contrived that, in the prooess of draining, the ale came out on the drinker's face with a spurt. III. PI. 1, Fig. 12. Alfa (al'fa), i n. (Bot.) ANorthAfri- A1 fa-grass (51'fa-gras), f can name for Macro- chloa arenaria and its fiber, one of the varieties of esparto. Al fal fa (al-fai'fa), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A name given to a valuable pasture and forage plant: it is regard- ed as a species of clover, and is largely used for fod- der in Texas and California; the lucerne (Medicago saliva). Al fo ra (al-fO'ra),) n. and a. [Pg., Lat. foras, Al fu ra (al-fu'ra), S out of doors.J (Ethn.) A name given by the Dutch aud Malays to the wild and barbarous Papuan races inhabiting Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas, etc. Al fres eo (ai-fres'ko), a. [It.] In the open air; cool. Al gal (51'gal), n. (Bot.) One of the Algse (which eeo). Al gal (51'gal), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Al- g»e ; having the nature of the Algte. Al ga Ies (al-gS'lez), n. pi. [Lat. Alga, sea-weed.] (Bot.) The general name for the cryptogamic aquatic plants, which comprehend the Algse and all like plants. Al ga-ro ba (SFga-rCba), ». [Ar.] (Bof.) (a} The Arabic name of a tf-ee, Ceratonia Siliqua. (ft) • Tbe name in Panama for the tree Hymencea Cour- baril. Al ga rO Til la (Sl'ga-ro-vfT'aor ftl'gfl-ro-vSl//ya), n. An astringent bark obtained from the tree Mar- thai juga, a species of acacia growing in (some parts of South America. It is well adapted for tanning leather and the mantifacture of good black ink, and is also used as a dye, and as an astringent medicine. IIfates(ai'St»). H"' 1' f lnany way: otaU' Fairer than herselfe, if aught algate Might fayrer he. Spenser. 43 2* f By al! means; on any terms. And therefore would I should be algates slain; For while I live his life is in suspense. Fairfax. 3* t Notwithstanding ; nevertheless. A manner latin corrupt was hir epeche, But algates ther-by was she understood. Chaucer. Al ge bra ize (il'je-bra-Iz or ai'je-bra'Tz), v. t. To perform by algebraic process; to render algebraic- ally. Al ge neb (Sl'je-nSb), n. (^sfron.) The name of one of the first stars in the constellation Pegasus. Al ge ri ail (al-jg'ri-an), n. (Geog.) An inhabitant or native of the French province of Algeria. Al ge ri an (al-jS'ri-an), a. Relating to Algeria or its inhabitants. Al ge rine (iU'je-rSn), n. A pirate: so called be- cause the people of Algiers were much addicted to piracy. Al gic (81'jik), a. Same a? Algonkin. Schoolcraft. Al gide (al'jid or 21'jld), n. (Pathol.) Applied to certain diseases which are characterized by great coldness, as cholera, etc. Al gid ness f (fll'jid-nes), n. Algidity ; coldness. Al gold (Sl'gpid), a. [Lat. alga. a Fea-weed, atfd Gr. ei3o?, resemblance.] Resembling the algss or aquatio plants. Al gol o gist (ai-gttl'o-jlst), n. One skilled in the study or science of algse. Al gon kin >(al-gttn%in), n. One of an exten- A1 gon quin ) eive family of North American Indian tribes, distinguished by a common language and similar traditions and customs, who at the time of the landing of the pilgrims were scattered over more than half the territory east of the Mississippi and south of the St. Lawrence, and constituting about one-half of the population of that region. Al gon kin ) (al-gOn'kin), a. Relating to the Al- A1 gon quin J gonkinsor their languages. Al go rab (al'go-rSb), ». (Astron.) The principal star in the constellation Corvus. Al gous (itl'gus), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling the algse or sea-weed. Al grimf (31'grim), n. [Tbe etymology given in the extract below is curious.] An ancient name for arithmetic. The name of this craft is in Latin algorismna, and in English algrim; and it is named of alyus, that is to say, craft, and rismus, that is, nounbre; and for this ekille it is called craft of nounbringe. Old MS. Al gum (ftl'gum), n. Same as Almug. Alliajgi (al-ha'jl), n. [Ar., the camel's-thorn.] (Bot.) A genus of Leguminosete, suborder Papilio- nacese, containing several species inhabiting south- ern Asia and western Arfrica. A. Camelorum is the true camel's-thorn. The leaves and branches of A. Maurorum, an evergreen shrub iq Persia and Bok- hara, exude manna in hot weather, which, when it hardens, is obtained by merely shaking the branch- es. The sweet secretion of the Persian and Bokhara plant is much prized by the Afghans as food for cat- tle, camels especially beiDg fond of it. Al i a ceous (aFi-S^shus), a. Same as Alliaceous. Al liam bra (al-hain'bra or al-hAu^bra), u. See AlHambraic. Al liam bra ic ai'atn-bra^ik), Al liam bresque (al-hatn'bresk, 31'ham-brSsk7' or al-am'bresk), a. [The Alhambra (from Ar. al, the, and ah mar, fern. hamrd% red: lit, the red house) is a Moor- ish palace and fortress near Granada, in Spain, founded by T^ohammed I., of Granada, about 1253, and presenting the finest existing specimen of Moorish or Arabesque architecture.1] Of or per- taining to the Alhambra; built or decorated after the fanciful manner of the Alhambra. The style of the Alhambra is remarkable for the elaborate com- plexity and variety of its details, in which all animal forms are omitted, and vegetable or floral ones so far modified as to distantly resemble nature. Alicante ) (51'i-kant), n. [From Alicante, a town Al i cant J in Valentia, Spain, where itis made.] A strong, sweet, dark-colored Spanish wine; also known hs Vino tinto. Al ien (ai'yen),a.— Alien water, any stream of water carried across an irrigated field or meadow, but which is not employed in the process of irrigation. Al ien (aryen), v. t. 1. To transfer or convey, as title or property, to another. If the eon alien lands, and then repurchase them again in fee, the rules of descents are to be observed, as if he were the original purchaser. Sir M.'Hale. 2* To make averse or indifferent; to turn the af- fections or inclinations of; to estrange. The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of, or inclinations to, the marriage. Clarendon. Alienator (aVyen-fl'ter), ) AMen a to ry (51"yen-a'to-ri or ai'yen-a"to-ri), ) n. One who conveys or transfers to another; one who alienates property; one who estranges or ren- ders adverse. Al ien-liouse (31'yen-hous), n. (Eccl.) In En- gland, a religious house under the control of, or be- longing to, foreign ecclesiastics. Al ieBi 1st (aryen-ist), nl A physician who treats diseases of the mind, or makes a special study of in- sanity. •' Alienist (^yen-ist), a. Pertaining to insanity; particularly applied to one who makes a special study of insanity.' Align (a-lln'^v.i. 1. (Hi?.) To form troops in a line. ALL 2* (Engin.) To lay out the ground plan of a railroad or other road ; to alineate. A lign ment (a-lln'ment), n. (Engin.) A term applied to the ground plan of a railway or other road, as distinguished from the gradients or profile; alineation. Al i ma (ai'i-ma), n. [Gr. aAi/xo?, belonging fo the sea—a As, the sea.] A genus of Crustaceans belong- ing to the order Stomapoda and the family Phyllos- omid®. Al 1 ment (Sl'i-ment), v. t. To nourish. And that only to sustain and. aliment the small frailty of their humanity. Urquhart. Al i ment a ry (iH/i-m8nt//a-ri), a.—Alimentary debt (Scots Law), a debt incurred for necessaries or maintenance. — AHmentary fund, a fund set apart by the destination of the giver for an aliment to the receiver. If not unreasonable for the rajak of the receiver it is not arrestable by creditors. - y A lln e ate (a-lTn'e-St), v. t. (Surv.) To align. A lln e a $ion (a-llu'e-ft'^hun), n. [Lat. a, by or' fiwm, and linea, a line.] The determination or »eady recognition of the position of a more remote object, by following a line drawn through one orj more iutermediate and more easily recognizable ob- jects, and '.magined to be produced. i A method of determining the positions of the star9, susceptible of a little more exactness than the former, is the use of al in eat ion*, already noticed in speaking of Hipparchua' catalogue. Thus a straight line pass- ing through two stars of tbe Great Bear passes also through the pole star. Whewell. Al i sail der (ai/i-san/'der), n. Same as Alexanders. A lis ma (a-Hz'ma), n. (Bot.) A genus of plauts belonging to the nat. order Alismaceae; water-plan, tain. All the species are aquatic; one, A. Plantago% the common water-plantain, is common in ditches in Britain. Al is ma ce w (fll'iz-mS^se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of endogenous plants, growing in water or in marshes. . . Al i ture f (31'i-tflr), n. Nutrition; nourishment. Alk (alk), n. A resin obtained from Pistacia tere- binthits. i Al kal am ide (Stl'kal-Sm^Id), a. (Cliem.) Same as Alkalimide (which see). / Al kal i fy (al-kfll i-fl or arka-li-fl), v. i. To be- come converted into an alkali. j Al kal 1 mide (al-krtl'i-mld), n. [Alkali and am- ide. J (Chem.) Ammonia iu which two or more at- oms of hydrogen are replaced by acid and base rad- icles. Al ka line (HI ka-lln or stl'ka-lln), a.—- tlkaline de- velopment (Photog.), the development of collodion- ized sensitive plates by an alkali, or an nikaline salt, combined with pyrogallic acid. To insure success all salts of silver soluble in water must be absent, otherwise the picture is foggy. Al ka loid al (i'U'ka-loid//al), a. Relating to, or partaking of, the nature of an alkaloid. Al ka mis tre t (21'ka-m6s//ter), n. An alchemist. Chaucer. AI ka net (31'ka-net), n. (Bot.) A name given to the hoary puccoon, a plant belonging to the borage tribe; thq Lithospermum canesceus. Al kan na (al-kiin'na), n. [Ar. al-hinna, henna.l 1. (Bot.) A genus of Mediterranean and oriental plants, nat. order Boraginaceae, closely allied to Lithospermum and Anchusa, in which latter genus it is included by some botanists. It differs from Lithospermum only in having the four small nuts which form its fruit contracted at the base, and from Anchusa in not having the nuta excavated at the base, and in having no scales closing the mouth of the corolla. Alkanet (which see) belongs to this genus. 2. Henna. Al kar «ine ) (Sl'kar-sTu or al-k&r'sTn), n. (Chem.) Al car sine ) An extremely poisonous liquid containing kakodyle, together with oxidation prod- ucts of this substance, and formerly known as Cadet's fuming liquor, characterized by its insup- portable smell and high degree of spontaneous combustibility when exposed to &ir. From this lat- ter quality and the poisonous fumes which it evolves it has been proposed to employ it as a deadly agent in war. A shell filled with it would, in bursting, it is said, involve a ship in fire and destroy the crew by its vapor. A3 ken na j alWna), ? g ag HennaJ AI lien na (al-he^na), ) Al ko liol (al'ko-hOl), n. Same as Alcohol. Al lto liol ic (ai'ko-hSl"ik), a. Same as Alcoholic. All ($1), adv.—All as, (a) when; as; just when. ' Ali as his straying flocks he fed.' Spenser. [Obs. or poet.] , <;& He their courtesy to requite, Gave them » chain of twelve marks weight, All as he lighted down. Sir IP. Soott. (b) t As if. The kene cold blowes through my beaten hide, All as I were through the body gryde. Spenser, —AH but, nearly; almost; not quite ; as, she is all but nine years of age.—All hollow, completely; full; entirely; as, he beat him all hollow. [Slang.]— .411 over, thoroughly; entirely; as, 'Dombey and Son' is Dickens all ovqr. [Colloq.] — All out [O. Eng. and slang], entirely; quite. 'Then come these wykkade Jewes and slewe them all out.' Old MS. quoted by Halliwell.—All there, up to the mark: wide-awake; in strict fashion; first-rate. [Slang.] ch,c/tevin; g, po; j, Job; eg, sing; Qz, Men; th, f/iin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure; or, food; oil,pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ALL *11 (»t). n. —And all, and everything else, after an enumeration of particulars ; r.s, the tree fell, nest young, and all. [This phrase does pot necessarily imply that there is anything else than what is men- tioned,]—At all, a phrase used byway of enforce- ment in negative and interrogative and sometimes other sentences or clauses of a negative import, "and meaning in the least degree, to the least ex- tent, under any circumstances ; as, he had no time "it all at his disposal; haveyou any friends at all ? (the interrogator implying that he does not believe the person addressed has any). ' An if this be at all' (where the speaker implies a doubt that there is no truth in what he has heard). Shak.— When all come3 to all, in final result.—All and some, (a) all and sundry, one and all. Stop your noses, readers, all and some. Dryden. (ft) Altogether; wholly. [Obs. in both senses. J— All in all. See All-in-all.—All in the wind iNaut.). a phrase implying that the vessel's head if. too close to the wind, so that the sails are shivering.—In all, everything reckoned or taken into account; all in- cluded ; as, there were in all at least 400 persons present.—All told, in all; comprising the entire cumber, as actually counted.—All, in composition, enlarges the meaning or adds force to a word, and it is more generally emphatic than most. In some Instances all is incorporated into words, as in al- mighty, already, always ; but in most instances it is prefixed to other words, but separated by a hy- phen. As a prefix it sometimes has the force of an adverb ; as, all-powerful, all-perfect, all-important ; sometimes of a noun in the objective case ; as, all- eeetng ; sometimes perhaps of a noun in the instru- mental case;'as, 'all-disgraced' all-dreaded.' (S/iafc,)=disgraced, dreaded by all, or entirely, wholly, disgraced, dreaded. Al la (ftl'ia). [It. dat. of the fem. art. la=Fr. d, fa.] (Mus.) After the manner of; in the style of ; as, allafrancese, in the French style or manner. All-a bail doiied (§i-a-b3n'dund), a. Abandoned by all. All-ab sorb lug (§l-ab-sorb'ing). a. All-engross- ing. Al la-breve (Sl'la-brSv or fil"la-bra'va). [It.] (iT/ua.) A term signifying a quick time, in which the notes take much less than their usual length. AU-ac com plished (gl-ak-kQm'pllsht), a. Fully or highly accomplished. A1 la ca pel la (&ria-ka-p2I"la). fit. accordingto the chapel.J (Mus.) In the ecclesiastical style. All-ad mir ing (ftl-ad-mlr'ing), a. Entirely ad- • miring. Ai la gite (2'la-jlt), n. (Min.) A mineral bf a brown or green color, massive, with a flat conchoi- dal fracture, and nearly opaque, found in the Hartz, near Elbingerode. Al lan ite (iU'lan-Tt), n. (Min.) An opaque sili- cate, commonly of a black color, found in Virginia, and also in Greenland. It is similar- in form to epidote, and is composed largely of cerium. It was first recognized as a species by Thomas Allan,from whom it received its name. Al Ian to In ) ( al-lSn'to-Tn ), n. ( C4H6N403.) Al lan to lne ) (Chem.) A crystalline substance found in the allantoic fluid of the oow. Al laft to tox I cum(aI-lftn/to-t5ks/'i-kfim),n.[Gr. - aAAas, dAAapTOf, a sausage, and tq£ikov, poison.J Sausage poison ; a poison found in putrid sausages made of blood and liver. All-ap proved (gl-ap-'pr0vd')« a. Entirely &p- f roved. la prl ma (al'la-prS'ma), n. [It.] A method of painting in which the pigments are applied all at once to the canvas, without impasting or retouch- ing. A11-& ton ing (gl-a-tOn'ing), a. Making a com- flete atonement. land f (al-l&d'), v. t. [Lat. allaudo—al for ad% to, and laudo, to praise. J To praise. • Al lay (al-lfl'), n. That which allays, lightens, or alleviates. Friendship is the allay of our sorrow. Jer. Taylor. All-Ball f (Bl'b§l), n. The universe. His straight long measure th' All-Ball to divide, He did for thee a plenteous land provide. Sylvester. Al lect t (al-lSkt7), v. t. [Lat. allecto, freq. from allicio, allectum, to entice. J To entice. Chancer. Al ledge (al'ISj), v. t. Same as Allege. Al le gant t (Sl'le-gant). Same as Aligant. Al le glance (al-16'jans), n.—Express allegiance is that obligation which proceeds from an express promise or oath of fidelity. Local or temporary allegiance is due from an alien to the government or state in which he resides. The bond of allegiance is mutual and reciprocal; for while the subject is bound to obey, the ruler is bound to protect. Quart Rev. Al le gor 1c al (ai'le-g5r"ik-al), a.—Allegorical pictures, pictures representing allegorical subjects. —Allegorical interpretation, the drawing of a spirit- ual or figurative meaning from literal matter ; thus St. Paul gives an allegorical interpretation of the history of free-born Isaac and slave-born Ishmael. Al le go rlze (21'le-go-rlz), v. t. To take the mean- ing in an allegorical sense ; as, when a passage in an author may be understood eiflher literally or fig- uratively, he who gives it a figurative sense allego- rizes it. 44 An alchemist shall... .allegorize the scripture itself, and the sacred mysteries thereof, into the philoso- pher's stone. Locke. Al le gor 1 za tlon (ai/le-g5r/i-zS"shun), n. The act of allegorizing or turning into allegory ; alle- gorical treatment. Al le go ry (Sl le-go-ri), n. (Paint, and Sculp.) A figurative representation in which something else is intended than what is exhibited in the represen- tation. It may be of three kinds; physical, moral, or historical. Al le go ry f (2rie-go-ri), v. i. To employ allegory; to allegorize ; to make an allegory. I am not ignorant that some do allegory on this place. Whitgift. Alleluia ) (Sl'le-Wya), n. (Hot.) A former Al le In tail) name for Oxalis Acetosella, the common wood-sorrel, because it is plentiful about the high religious festival of Easter. Al le mande (Sl-le-mand'oral-le-mandOf n. 1. (jJtfus.) A slow air in duple time; or grave solemn music, with a slow movement. 2* A figure in dancing. 3. (Cookery.) A kind of sauce made thick by the addition of cream and the whites of eggs, and flavored with lemon-juice and nutmeg; also called veloute. Al len ar ly (al-lSn'ar-li), adv. [The recognized legal form of Sc. alanerlie. only, which is used both as an adverb and an adjective ; from alane, alone. J Only; merely; a technical word used in Scotch conveyancing; thus, where lands are conveyed to a father, k for his liferent use allenarly,* the force of the expression is, that the father's right is restric- ted to a mere life-rent, or at best to a fiduciary fee, even in circumstances where, but for the word allen- arly, the father would have been unlimited fiar. Al le rl on (al-lS'ri-on), n. (Her.) An eagle with- out beak or feet. Al lette (al-lgf). ». Same as Alette. Alleviator (al-18'vi-at-er), n. One who or that which alleviates. All-fired(gl'flrd), adv. Excessively; outand out. [Slang.J '• I knows I be so all-fired jealous I can't abear to hear o' her talkin', let alone writin' to—" "Out with it. To me, you were going to say." Hughes. All-fool's day (&l-f0k"da), n. The first of April* April-fool's day. A11 Torches (sl-fOr'chez). The Span, alforja is equivalent to a wallet; hence applied in extract to the stomach. [R.] Begging their Majesties to come and treat On every sort of fruit their grand allforches. Wol-eot. All-good (ftl-gyd7), n. (Bot.) The oid English name for the plant Good Henry, or English mercury (Chenopodium bonus-Henricus). All-hall (§l-hfll'), v. t. To greet; to salute, With a wish for health or happiness. 4 Who all-hailed me, Thane of Cawdor.' [R.J Shak. All-lial lond f (gl-h&l'lond), n. All-saints-day. "All-hallond eve.1 Shak. All-lial low mas (§l-Ml'lo-mas), n. All-hallow- tide. All-hal lown (al-hiU'lun), a; Pertaining to the time about All-saints-day. All-heal (§l-h51')i n. (Bot.) Thenaineof a plant, the cat's valerian (Valeriana officinalis). The dowries all-heal is Stachyspalustris, or wound-wort. Al 11 ance (al-ll'ans), n. (Bot.) The name given by Lindley to a group of natural orders of plants possessing affinities to one another. Al II ance (al-ll'ans), v. t. To unite by confeder- acy ; to ally. 4 It (sin) is allianced to none but wretched spirits/ Cudioorth. Al 11 ant t (al-ll'ant), a. Akin to; confederated; united. Al lice (Sl'lis), ». [Fr. alose% Lat. alosa, a shad.] A species of shad. A111 cl ate t (al-11'shi-St),) v. t. [Lat. allicio* alli- Alllcltef (fil'li-slt), ) citum, to allure.] To allure ; to attract. 'Friction, irritation, and stim- ulation to allicite blood and spirits to the parts.' Dr. a. Cheyne. Al He man (al-11'man), ». Relation by marriage. [RJ His kinsman or allieman in the fourth degree. Fuller. Al 11 gant (21'li-gant), n. Same as Alicant. Al 11 gar ta f (Sl'li-gar^ta), n. Corrupted from Sp. el lagarto, lit. the lizard. J The alligator or croc- odile. B. Jonson. Al 11 ga tor-tor tolse (21'li-gS-ter-tor'tis), «. (ZoOl.) A species of chelonian reptile (Chelydra serpentina), family Emydae, with long tail and limbs, which cannot be entirely drawn within its bucklers. The alligator-tortoise is a native of the lakes, rivers, and morasses of Carolina, wbere it is very destructive to fish and water-fowl. Al-11 ga zant (31'li-ga-zant), n. A variety of rose- wood. Al light en (al-lT'tn), v. i. To lighten. [R.J Another died, whereby their boat was somewhat al- lightened. Fuller. Al Hn e ate (al-lIn'e-St), v. t. (Surv.) Toallign; to reduco or adjust to a right line. Al line ment (al-lln'ment), n. Same as Align- ment. ALLOTROPISM Al lit er al (al-Ht'er-nl), a. Having reference to poetieal compositions in which appositive words, as nouns and adjectives begin with the same letter; also applied to languages whose poetry has this pe- culiarity. Al 11 otli (Jtl'i-tfth), n. (Astron.) The name of a star in the tail of the Great Bear. Al 11 um (SFli-um), n. [Lat. allium, alium, gar- lic.] (Bot.) A genus of bulbous plants, nat. order Liliaceae, remarkable for their pungent odor, having grassy or fistular leaves, and star-shaped, six-parted, hexandrous flowers growing in an umbel at the top of the scape. To this genus belong the onion, leek, garlic, chive, and shallot. They contain free phos- phoric acid and sulphuretted oil. Al might f (§l-inlt')i n. Almightiness. [R.J Our Christ the Sonne of God,chief authour of all good, Was He by His allmlght that firstereated man. Puttenham, All ness (al'nes), n. Totality; entirety; com- pleteness. kThe allness of Go I, including his abso- lute spirituality, supremacy, and eternity.' Rich. Turnbull. Al lo ca tlon (51'lo-kif'shun), n. The act of allo- cating, allotting, or assigning ; allottment; assign- ment ; apportionment; as, the allocation of eliares in a public company. Al loch ro ite iai-16k/r0'/Ttor Sl'lo-kro^it), n. [Gr. aAAos, other, andxpoia, color.] (Min.) A massive, line-graiued variety of iron garnet. This name Is 6aid to be given to it as expressive of its changes of color before the blowpipe. Al loch roils (al-lOk'rus), a. [Gr. aAAo?, other* and xP°ai color.] Having different colors* various- ly colored ; generally applied to minerals. AI lod (51'lOd), n. A free-hold estate; allodium. Al log i a mentt (al lSj'i-a-ment), n. Lodging; quarters; an Italian word Anglicized. The allogiaments of the garrison are uniforme. Evelyn. Al lo graph (iU'lo-gr3f), n. [Gr. 5 AAos, another* and ypaw, to write.J (Law.) A deed not written by any of the parties thereto; opposed to autograph. Allomerism (al-lOm'er izm), n. [Gr. aAAo?v other, and/Lie'po?,-a part.] (Chem.) A term used in chemistry to signify permanency of crystalline form although the constituents may vary in propor- tion. Al lo mor phlc (Sl'lo-mor^fik), a. Pertaining to or possessing the qualities of allomorphism. Al lo mor pliism (sil'lo-mor^fizm), n. [Gr. aAAo?tl other, and form.] That property of certain substances of assuming a different form, the sub- stance remaining otherwise unchanged. Al lo mbr phite (al/lo-mor/'fIt). n. (Min.) A variety of baryta having the form and cleavage of anhydrite. Al lo path (ailo-pSth), n. An allopathist. Alio pa thet ic (il'lo-pa-thgt^ik), a. Pertaining to allopathy. [R.J Al lo pa thet ic al ly (SI lo-pa-thS^'ik-al-li), ad v. In a manner conformable to allopathy. Al lo phan Ic (iU lo-fan"ik), a. (Chem.) Applied, to an acid produced by passing the vapor of hydra- ted cyanic acid into alcohol. The process was dis- covered by Liebig aud Wohler. Al lo pliyl (51'lo-fH), a. Allophylic. Al lo pliyl ic (rtl'lo-Wik), \a. (Ethnol.) Of Al lo phyl I an (al'lo-fir'i-an), ) another race;, foreign; strange; specifically (o) pertaining to> tie allophylians or pre-Aryan inhabitants of Eu- rope. (6) (Philol.) Pertaining to various outly- ing tribes of tongues which have not as yet been classified under any of the groups into which hu- man speech has been divided. The native dialects of America, Australia, most of Africa, the Polyne- sian, Old Etruscan, Basque, etc., are allophylian. Allophylian tongues are mostly polypynthetic. Allophylian (ill/lo-fil"i-an), n. [Or. aAAo?, other, and vA>j, a tribe. J One of another tribe <3r race-; specifically, a term used by some archaeolo- gists to designate a member of the primitive tribes or races who are supposed to have inhabited Eu- rope previous to the earliest historic indications of the Aryan nations passing into it. Al lo qui al (al-lG'kwe-al), a. Applied to one who talks to, but not with, a person or company. [R.J Al lota ble (al-lOt'a-^l), a. That may be allotted. Al lot ment (al-lOt'ment), n.—Allotment of goods (Com.), the dividing a ship's cargo into several parts, which are to be purchased by several per- sons, each person's share being assigned by lot. —Allotment of land, such portions of grouud as are granted to claimants on the division and inclosure of commons and waste lands.—Allotment-note, a note signed by a seaman authorizing the periodical pay- ment of a portion of his wages to another parly, as to his wife. Al lo tri oph a gy (al'lo-tri-8f"a-ji), n. [Gr. aAAoTpios, belonging to another, unsuitable, alien- ated, and ayelv, ;to eat.] (Med.) A craving for improper or iunutritious food; a morbid or viti- ated appetite. Al lot rq py (al-15t'ro-pi), )n. [Gr. ak\ot, p|^|M / IXi-f___I___\ > I Al lot ro pfsm (al-lOt'ro-pIzm), ^another, and rpon-o?, condition.] (Chem.) The capability or characteristic exhibited by some elements of exist- ing in more than one form^md with differentcharac- teristics. Carbon is a good example, as it crystallizes perfectly in the diamond, imperfectly in graphite, Notation; 5,6,1,0, fl, long; 2, 6,1,5, &, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; ffir, fell, tyst, cAre; h6r, mOve. or; bull, 0, Fr.; a Fr ton ' 0.n this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ALLOTTEE and is amorphous, yet quite distinct, in anthracite, coal, and charcoal. Ai lot tee (al-15t'tS or 31'lot-tG"), n. One to whom anything is allotted, as the holder of an allotment- note and the like. . Thelallotment of gardens, which yield a partial sup- 1 port to the allottee, ia another means of cheap labor. JUay hew. All-o ver (al-O'ver), ia. Giving a gener- All-O ver isll (al-O'ver-ish), ) al sense of bodily Uneasiness or slight indisposition; as, an all-over- . ish sort of feeling. [Colloq.J Al low (ul-lou')i v. t. 1. f To invest; to intrust. VThou shalt be allowed with absolute power.' Shak. ^ 2. t To approve, justify, or sanction. Ye allow the deeds of your fathers. Luke xt. 48. ' The hospitality and alms of the abbeys is not alto- gether to be allott ed or dispraised. Quoted by Trench. 3. t To prove to be. Al low ance (al-lou'ans), n.—Of no allowance to, of no value or worth in relation to. Al low ed lv (al-lou'ed-li), adv. Admittedly. Lord Lyttleton is allowedly the author of thnee dia- logues. Shenatone. Al lox an (al-lOks'an), n. (C^H^O*.) (Chem.) One of the products of the decomposition of uric acid by nitric acid, a pale reddish colored substance, which, when treated with alkalies produces alloxanio »cid, the salts of which are termed alloxanates. Al lox ail ate (al-lftks'an-at), n. [Chem.) A salt formed by the union of alloxanic acid and a base. Al loxauic (ai'loks-an^ik), a. (Chem.) Pertain- ing to or produced by alloxan : as, alloxanic acid. Al lox an tin (ai'loks-an//tin), n. fCsH4N407 +3 HoO.J (Chem.) A white crystalline substance ob- tained when alloxan is brought into contact with *inc and hydrochloric acid, with chloride of zinc, or sulphureted hydrogen. Oxidizing agonts reconvert this substance into alloxan. Called also Uroxin. AH -scl entt (fil'she-ent), a. All-knowing; a hy- brid substitute for omniscient. If there be God immortal, All-sclent, , All-mighty, just, beaign, benevolent. Sylvester. All -seed (al'sCd), ». (Bot.) A name applied to tw» very different British plants, the one Polycarpon tetraphyllum, a small plant found in the south-west of England, Jthe other Chenopodium pol$spcrmum, found in waste places. All -sorts (al'sort*), ». A term used in taverns or beer-shops to denote a beverage composed of left drops of liquor of various descriptions mixed to- gether.—All-sorts of, a low term used in the South- ern States of America for acute, capital, excellent; as, all sorts of a fellow. All-thing t (si'thing), adv. In every manner or way. Al lude t (al-lfid7), r. t. To compare. To free myselfe from the imputation of partiality, I'le at last allude her to a waterman. John Taylor. Allu rn£e (fil-ldm-# or al-lum-fl), a. (Her.) Applied to the eyes of a bear or other beast, when they are drawn red and sparkling. Al lu mi nate f (al-ld'min-fit), v. t. To color; to embellish. Al lur ance t (al-lflr'ans), n. Allurement. All up(&l Op'), adv. Total failure or destruction. • All is up ai, 4 undone !' cries Murpliy. Fielding. Al lure (al-lflr'), n. Allurement; lure; charm; power of entMug. Alluring (al-Jflr'ing), a. Inviting; having the quality of attracting or tempting. Each flatt'ring hope, and each alluring joy. Lord Lyttleton. Al luvial (al-lfl'vi-al). o.—Alluvial formations (Qeol.), recent deposits in valleys or in plains of the detritus of the neighboring mountains, brought down chiefly by the action Qf water. Most of the river-plpins—the haughs, carses, and straths of Scotland, and the dales, holms, and fens of England "—are alluvial, having been deposited from the waters either of a river, a lake, or an arm of the •sea. AH wifefUl'wIf), n. (Ichth.) The alewife. Ally (al-ir), v. i. To be closely united. Al lyl (il'lll), n. (C3H5.) (Chem.) A radicle largely derived from mustard and garlic which cannot exist In the free state. At the mordent of its liberation two molecules combine together to form diallyl (2C3H5 01 CftH10). Diallyl is a pungent ethereal liquid. The hydrate of this substance is called allyl alcohol (C.iHflO). Al lyl a mine (al-IIi'a-mln), n. (Chem.) A mobile liquid having a sharp burning taste, produced by the action of potash on allyl cyanate. It maybe re- garded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by allyl (NH2C3H5). Al lyl ene (fii'lil-€n), n. (Chem.) A gaseous hy- drocarbon (C3H4), standing in the same relation to allyl (C3H5) as ethylene (C2H4) to ethyl (C2H5). Al ma can ter (&l/ma-k&n//ter), n. Same as Almu- oanter. Al main f (Sl'mSn), in. [Lat. Allemanni, Fr. Al- A1 man f (firman),) lemand.] A native or inhab- itant of Germany. Al main-comb (Zll'man-kOm), n. See quotation. The translator's note says that no reflection on German cleanliness is intended ; but they wore their, own hair, which they would sweep out of their eyes with their hand ; while the French, wearing pnri- Wigs, were 1 seldom seen without a comb in their 45 fcnad.* Gross gives Welch comb, with the same n> nlng. Afterwards he combed his hair with an Alman -comb which is the foar fingers and the thumb. Urquhart. Al manac (al'ma-niOt), n.—Nautical almanac, an almanac published annually by the British govern- ment, under the superintendence of the astronomer- royal, and always several years in advance. It con- tains, among other things, the distances of the moon from the sun and fixed stars for every three hours of apparent time, adapted to the meridian of Green- wich ; by comparing which with the distances care- fully observed at sea, the mariner may readily infer his longitude to a degree of exactness that is found sufficient for most nautical purposes. Al man dresf(al mto'derz), n. An almond tree. Chaucer. Al ma nog ra pher (ai/ma-ntfg//ra-fer), ». An almanac-maker. ' We acknowledge the delicacy of the almanographer. E. Roe. AI me H31'm6),n.Tbe name given in some parts Al melt ) of the East, and especially in Egypt, to girls whose occupation is to amuse company with singing and dancing, or to sing dirges at funerals. * The almehs lift their arms in dance.* Bayard Taylor. Al melt rab fal-ma'rftb),) n. [Ar.al, the, and Al milt rab (al-raS'rflb),) mihrab, the praying- place in a mosque. J Same as Mihrab. Al me ri (fll'm e-ri or arn'ri), n. Same as Almonry or Ambry (which see). Al mes&e,t n• Alms. Al ml can tar atli (ai/mi-kan//tftr-ath), n. Same as Almucantar. Al might i ly (gl-ml'ti-li), adv. In an almighty manner ; with almighty power. H. Taylor. Al miglit y (&l-mlri),a.—Almighty dollar, a phrase forcibly expressive of the power of money, first used by Washington Irving in a sketch of a Creole Village1 published in 1837. The idea of this phrase, however, is much older than Irving's time, Ben Jonson's ' Epistle to Elizabeth, Countess of Rutland,' commencing thus: Whilst that for which all virtue now is sold, And almost every vice, almighty gold. Al.might y-most (^1-mIt'i-mOst), n. The most all-powerful; a redundant expreselon, as almighty does not admit of degrees. [R.] • Therefore, O People, let us Praine and Praia Th' Almighty-mom (whose mercy leits for ay). Sylvester. Al might y ship (al-mrt'i-shlp^ n. The state or quality of being almighty ; omnipotence. She taught the amorot.8 Jove A magical receipt in love, Which arm'd him stronger,and which help'd him more Than all his thunder did,and his almightyship before. » Crowley. Al moiid (ft'mund), n. 1. (Com.) A Portuguese oil measure containing about I {quarts. 2. (Lapidary work.) A piece of rock crystal used in adorning branch candlesticks; so called from its resemblance to the almond. Almond-cake (&'mund-k3k), n. The cake left after expressing the oil from the almond. Its pow- der is used as soap in washing the hands* Al mon dine (Sl'mund-In), n. (Min.) Precious or noble garnet; almandlne. But I would throw to thom back in mine, Turkis and ngato and almondine. Tennyson. Al mond-oil (ft'mund-oll), n. A bland, fixed oil obtained from almonds by pressure, used in medi- cine as a demulcent iu catarrhal affections. Al mond-paste (a'mund-past), n. A cosmetic to soften the skin and prevent chaps, composed of bit- ter almonds, white of egg, rose-water, and rectified spirit. Almond-shaped (A'mund-shfipt), a. Formed like an almond. Al mo ry f (fll'mo-ri), n. Same as Almonry. Alms (amz),n. pi.—Tenure by free alms, in England, " a tenure by which the possessor is bound to pray-for the soul of the donor, whether dead or alive; frankalmoigne. [This word (like riches) is strictly a singular, but its apparently plural form lias caused it to be often regarded as grammatically plural. J Alms-bas ket (ftmz"ba£'ket), «. A basket or re- ceptacle for containing alms. Alms»gate (fimz'g&t), n. The gate of religious or great houses, at which alms were distributed to the poor. Alms glv er (ftmz"gTv'or), n. One who gives alms. Alms giv ing (fimz//glv/ing), ». The act of giving « alms. Alms-pen ny ,(&mz//pgn/ni), n. A small charitable donation. Father, here is an alms-penny for me. Peele. Alms-peo pie (amz^pe'pl), n*pl. Those who be- long to an almshouse. Al mug (jil'mug), ) *». [Heb. almuggimy algum- Ai gum (fil'gum), J mim, translated almug-br al- gum trees.) (Scrip.) A tret or wood of unknown species. Max Mailer identifies the Hebrew word with the Sanskrit talguka, a Malabar name for sandal-wood. Al nas char ism (al-nft^ker-tzm), n. An action or conduct like that of Alnaschar, the hero of a ALPHONSINE well-kpown story in the Arabian Nights ; anything done during a day-dream or reverie. With maternal alnaacharism she had,in her reveries, ihrown back her head with disdain, as she repulsed the family advances of some wealthy but low-born heirea9. Miss Edgeworth. Al nath t(21'nath), n. (Astron.) The first star in the horns of Aries, whence the first mansion of the moon takes its name. Chaucer. Al nus (iU'nus), n. The alder, a genus of plants, nat order Betulacew, inhabiting northern temper- ate regions, and living in a moist soil. a., ylautinosa (the common alder) is a well-known tree, which grows in damp places or by the sides of rivers. It sup- plies excellent charcoal for the manufacture of gun- powder ; the bark is valuable for tanning, and the young shoots for dyeing variouB colors when mixed with other Ingredients. Its stems, when hollowed out, are used .for water-pipes and underground purposes, and the veiny knots of the wood are cut into vepeers, by cabinet-makers. A. incana is the Turkey alder, which grows to a larger size than the common alder. A. cordifolia (the heart-leaved alder) is a native of Italy, and is one of the most interesting ornamental trees that have of late years been introduced into cultivation. There are several American species. Al o dy (ai'o-di), n. (Law.) Same as Allodium. Al o ex y Ion (ai/o-6koy/i-lon), ) ». [Gr. a\6r\, the Al o ex y lum (&ro-€ks"i-lum),) aloe, and '(v- Aoy, wood.] (Bof.) A genus of plants, nat. order Leguminost?. A. agallochum, the only species, a tree 60 feet high, said to grow on the high moun- tains of Cocbin-China, produces one of the two kinds of calambac, or agallochum, a fragrant wood and resinous perfume, highly prized in the East. The wood is used for inlaying in cabinet-work, and is highly valued, costing (150 per cwt. in Sumatra. A loft t (a-ltfft7), prep. On the top" or surface of; above. 'Now I breathe again aloft the flood.' Shak. Al o in (fil'o-in), n. (CnHigO;.) (Chem.) A crys- talline bitter principle got from aloes in pale yel- low prismatic needier, grouped in stars. A londe f (a-lflnd'), adv. On land. Chaucer. Al o pe cu rus (iH'o-pe-ktl^rus), nr [Gr. aAwjnjf, a fox, and ovpd, a tail.J (Bot.) Foxtail-grass, a fcfoius of grasses, natives of temperate and cold regions. Six species are natives of Britain ; some, ,like A. agrestis, being troublesome weeds; others, as A. pratensis, being good fodder plants. Al or ing (21'or-ing), n. (Fort.) A term applied t(o the horizontal foot-path shielded by the par-, apet; also any gangway or passage. A lo sa Ca-lO'sa), n. (Ichth.) The genus of fishes, family Clupeid», including the shad. Alosef (fi'lOs), v. t. »[Preftx a, and obs. lose, to raise. J To praifee ; to fame. Chaucer. Al ose (a'lOs), n. (Ichth.) The Alosa eapidissima or American shad. A Ion chl} (a-l^chS), n. An aromatic, compound A lu chl y resinons- substance with a bitter pun- geut taste. It is obtained from the island of Mada- gascar. x 1 A lowe (a-lou')i adv. [Prefix o, on, and louse. flame. J A-fire ; in a flame. [Scotch.]— To gang alowe, to take fire, or be set on fire ; to blaze ; to be burned. That discreet ma . Cardinal Beaton is e'en to gang alowe this blessed day if we dinna stop it. Tennant. A loy si a (a-loi'si-a), n. (Botp) A gehus of plants, nat. order Verbenace®, to. which belong* a shrub, A. citriodvra, much cultivated in greenhouses and apartments in Britain for the grateful fragrance which its leaves emit when slightly bruised1. It is popularly known as Verbena, and was formerly known to botanists as Verbena triphylla. Alp (&lp), n. An old and local name for the bull- finch. Al pen f (ftl'pen), a. Of or relating to the Alps ; Alpine. v The Alpen snow.' J.Fletcher. Al pen-horn (^pen-horn), n. [G. Alpen, the Alps, and horn, a horn.] A very long, powerful, nearly straight horn,but curving slightly and widen- ing towards its extremity; used on the Alps to con- vey signals, and formerly by the Swiss to sound the charge in battle. Called also Alp-horn. A1 pen-stock (gi'pen-stttk), n. [G. Alpen, the Alps, and stock, a stick.] A strong tall stick shod with iron, pointed at the end so as to take hold in, and give support on, ice and other dangerons places in climbing the Alps and other high moun- tains. Al pe* trine (al-pSs/tr!n), a. Pertaining or pecu- liar to the Alps or other mountainous regions, re- ferring more particularly to the middle portions of the higher Alps, or the summits of inferior moun- tains. ' Alpestrine diseases.* ' [R. J Dana. Al pha (81'fa), n. (Astron.) A Greek character (a) used to distinguish the brightest star in a con- stellation. Alphabet (Sl'fa-bet). n. 1. A series of dashes dots, etc., to be used in telegraphy in the trans- mission of messages. 2. First elements; simplest rudiments; as, not to know the alphabet of a science. Al pha bet ize (Sl'fa-bet-Iz), v. t. To arrange ia an alphabetical manner. Al phon sine (al-f5n'sln), a.—Alphonsine tables, astronomical tables published under the patronage of Alphonso X., king of Castile and Leon, in 148$ and succeeding years. 4 ch, cAain g, gro; j, job; ng, sing; fix, then; th, thin; w, 1rig; wh, whig; fch, azure; or, food ; oil, pound. On this page will "be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor* cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ALP-HORN 46 Alp-horl* (Slp'horn), n. ^ _ Same as Alpen-horn. Al pin© (iu pin or SI'pin), n. A plant, as for In- stance a kind of strawberry, growing on lofty hills. Al pin er y (al-pln'er-i), v. A pluce in a garden or pleasure-ground, specially adapted for the culti- vation of alpine plants. Alplnla (al-pln i-a), n. pi. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the natural order Zingiberaces ; so nam- ed after Alpini, an Italian botanist. Already (al-rgd'i), a. Existing now; being at the present time or for some time past; present. Lord Hobart and Lord Fitz-william are both to be earl a to-morrow ; the former, of Buckingham, the lat- ter Dy his already title. H- Watpole. A1 «a tl an (al-sfl'sban), a. Of br pertaining to Alsatia, formerly a cant name for Whitefriars, a district in London between the Thames and Fleet Street, and adjoining the Temple, which, possess- ing certain privileges of sanctuary, became for that reason a nest of mischievous characters, who were generally obnoxious to the law. These privi- leges it derived from having been an establishment of the Carmelites or White Friars (founded in 1241), and James I. confirmed nnd added to them by char- ter in 1608. They were abolished in 1697. The name Alsntia is a Latinized form of Alsace, a Ger- man province on the frontiers of France, which was a harbor for necessitous or troublesome char- acters from both countries. At sa tlan (al-sfi'shan), a. An lnnaoitant of Alsa- tia, or Whitefriars, London. Al sike-clo ver (ftl'sIk-klO'ver), n. [From AU sike, a place in Sweden.] {Bot.) A species of clo- ver (Trifolium hybridum), with pinkish or white flowers. It is called hybrid clover from being ap- parently intermediate between T. pratense, or com- mon red, and T. repent, white or Dutch clover. It is •a good pasture plant. A1 sine (il'sin), n. {Bot.) Chick weed. A1 si rat (al-eB'rat), .». (Mohammedan ifieolJ The bridge extending over the abyss of bell, whicl» must be crossed by every one on his journey to heaven. It is finer than a hair, as sharp as the edge of a sword, and beset with thorns on either side. The righteous will pass over with ease and swiftness, but the wicked will fall into hell below. A1 so t (61'so), adv. and conj. As. A1 so phi la (al-st/fl-la), n. [Or. ak«rio, to produce.] (Bot.) Applied to a bud which produces both flowers aud leaf. Am bi tion ate (am-blsli'uu-at), v. i. To aim at ambition. [R.J Independent Episcopacies which they so infinitely ambit inn uteri. Gmultrn. Am bi tion ist (am-blsh'un-Tst), n. An ambitious man ; one devoted to self-aggrandizement. [R.J (Napoleon) lo«t head, as they 8ly, and became a selfish anibitinnist and quack. Carlyle. Am bll gon (im'bli-gon), a. Having obtuse angles. [B.] The buildings Ainblignn May morn receive than Mansions Oxygon. Sylvester. Alii bling (am'bling), n. The movement o£ aa ambling lior>e. Amblygonite (am-bllg'on-Tt), n. (Min.) greenish-colored mineral, of different pale shades marked with reddish and yellowish brown spot:-. It consi-ts o£ phosphates and fluorides of aluminium and lithium. It occurs massive or crystallized in oblique four-tided prisms, in granite, with topaz aud tourmalin. Id Saxony. Am bly op sis (am/bli-6p//sis'\. ». [Gr. blunt, dull, and countenance, eight.J (Ichth. t A genus of fishes, including the blind-fish. (-1. spefreus.) Am blyp ter us (am-bllp ter-us), n. [Gr. anp\vs, dull, blunt, and irrepou, a wing, a fin.] (Palenn.) A gen us of gauoid fishes, with heterocercal tail, found only in a fossil state. The species are characteristic of the coal formation. Am bly * liyn clius (am/bli-rlugk"us), n. [Gr. i/uL/SAu?, blunt, and pvy\o<;, snout.J (ZoOl.) Agenus of lizards found in the Galapagos Islands, resem- bling the iguana. A. crintatus, in length varying from 3 to 4 feet, is the only known existing marine lizard. Their flesh is considered delicate food. Am bo dex ter (am'bo-deks' ter), n. Same as Ambidexter. Am Don (fim'toon), n. (Anat.) The margin of the sockets in which the heads of the large VonM are lodged. Am boy na-wood (am-boi'na-wud),) n. \Am~ Am boyne-wood (am-boin'wud^. V bnyna% one of the Molucca or Spice I«lauds. ] A beautifully - mottled and curled wood, employed in cabinet-work. It is said to be obtained from the Pterospennum In~ dicum. Called also Kiabooca- tcood (which see). ch. c/iain; g, ?o; j, job; ng, a Ing; fh, then ; th, ffcin; w, ttig; wh, whig ; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. zh, &ture; or, food ; oil. t>ound. the latest editions of Webster's and WorAMBKOSIA Am bro sia (ara-brO zhaor am-br^zhi-a), n. That which is pleasing to the taste or smell. A ilk bro sial ize (am-brO'zhal-Iz), v. t. To cause to become or render ambrosial* [R.J Am bro sian (am-brO'zhan), a.—The Ambrosian ojfice or ritual (Eccl.), a formula of worship in the cl»urch of Milan, instituted by St. Ambrose.—.4m- bt osian chant ( Mus.), a mode of singing or chant- irg introduced by St. Ambrose. It was more mo- notonous than the Gregorian, which was used after- wards. Aiti bro slate (am-brO'zhat), a. Ambrosial. [R.J Ev'n thus the Mercury of heaven Ushers th' ambrosiate banquet of the gods. Decker. Atu bry (Sm'bri"), n. A niche or recess in the wall of ancient churches near the altar, fitted with a door,in which 1 he sacred utensils were deposited. In the larger churches and cathedrals the ambries were very numerous, used for various purposes, and sometimes large enough to be what we should now call closets, the doors and other parts that were Been being usually richly carved. 111. PI. 1, Fig. 17. Am bu la cral (um'bu-in"kran, a. (ZoOl.) Per- taining 11 an ambulacrum or to ambuiacra. Am bu 1a eri form (;lm'bu-ia//kri-form), a. fLat. umdu/a w»m, an alley, and/orma, form. J Formed like ambulacra. Am bu la crum (itm'bu-lfl"krum), n. .pi. Am- bit la era (fim-bu-hVkra). [Lat. ambulucrum, analley.] (ZoOl.) One of the perforated spaces or avenues through which are protruded the tube feet, by means of which locomotion is effected in the Echinodermata. Am bu lance (Sm'bu-lans), n. {Mil.) A cart, wagon, or litter employed to convey the "wounded from tho place where they fell to the hospital. Am bu lance-cart (ftm'bu-lnns-k&rt'), ) Am bu lance-wag on (Sm"bu-lans-wag/on\ ) n. {Mil.) A two or four wheeled vehicle fitted with Buitable appliances for conveying the wounded from the field of battle. Am bule f (&m bfil), t. To remove from place to place. The indecency of ambuling communions is very great. Lord Burleigh. Am bur bi al (am-b6rb'i-al), a. [Lat. am, amb, around, and urbs, a city.J Encompassing or sur- rounding a city. [R.] Am bu ry (slm bu-ri), n. f A. Sax. aiftpre, a crooked swelling vein.] (Bot.) Club-root, a sort of gall or excrescence in some plants of the nat. order Cru- ciferre, and chiefly iu the turnip, produced by a puueture made by the ovipositor of an insect and the deposition of eggs. Am bus ca ding (:lm/bus-k3d//ing), a. Of or per- taining to an ambuscade ; giving to forming, or forming ambuscades. 'Ambuscading ways.' Carlyle. A meer ) (a-mer7), n. A title given to a number of Amir £ Mahometan sovereign princes. Written also Emir, Mir. A mel va (a-ralVa), n. {ZoOl.) A genus of small saurian reptiles of the family Teidte. They are rather pretty animals, with a very long whip-like tail, and peculiarly elongated toes on the hinder feet. The tail is covered with a series -of scales ar- ranged in rings. The general color* is dark olive speckled with black on the nape of the neck ; on the sides are rows or bands of white spots edged with black. There are many species, inhabiting either Central America or the West Indian Islands. A mel lor a tive(a-mSryor-5t-iv), a. Producing, or having a tendency to produce, amelioration or amendment; as, ameliorative medicines. A men (a'm^n), t\ t. 1. To say amen to; to ap- prove ; to homologate. f R.} Is th«re a bishop on the bench that has not hmen'd th j humbug in his lawn sleeves? Thackeray. 2. To end ; to finish. This very evening have I amen'd the volume. SoHthffi. A kTienably (a-mS'na-bin, adv. In an amenable manner. A mend ful t (a-mgnd'fyl), a. Full of amend- ment or imp ovemeut; making amends. «Your most ameniiful and unmatched fortunes.* Beau. A Fl. A mend ing (a-mgnd'ing), n. Act of making bet- ter ; correction. A men o ma ni a (a-m5u'o-ma"ni-a), ) n. fLat. A mce no ma ni a (a-me'no-mil"iii-a), y amcenus, pleasant, and Gr. fia»'ia,madne«s. J A form of mania in which the hallucinations are of a cheerful or an agreeable nature. A men or rlioe a (a-m6n'o-rS''a), «. [Gr. a, priv., firj'v, a month, and pew, to flow.] (Pathol. ) An ob- struction- of the menses from other causes than pregnancy and advanced age. A men ta ce se (a'men-ta'se-S), n. pi. {Bot.) A group of plants whose flowers are arranged in an amentum or catkin, and which were formerly con- sidered to form a natural order, but which later botanists have separated into several different ord- ers, as Cupulifer®, Salicaceee, Betulacese, Platana- cea\ nml Myricacese. A men ti a(.a-mSn'shi-a), n. [Lat., want of rea' n , —•*, without, and mens, mentis, mind. J Imbecility of mind; idiocy or dotage. A men ty f f a-m5n'ti), n, Insanity ; madness. Am e nuse f (flm'e-nfis}, i\ t. [Fr. amenuiaer,' to 48 make small—a for ad, to, and menuiser, from menu, little, and that from Lat. minutus, minute.] To lessen ; to diminish. 'If he am en use or withdraw the almesse of the poor.' Chaucer. A merce a ble (a-mers'a-bl), o. Liable to amerce- ment. A mer i can (a-mSr'i-knn^a.—American ivy (Bot.), the Virginia creeper.—American leather, a kind of varnished or enameled cloth, prepared in imitation of leather, for covering chairs, sofas, etc.—American party{ Politics),a party organized about 1854,to resist the influence of foreigners : also called the Know- nothing party. [U. S.J—Native American, parly {Politics), a party, existing but a short time, which was organized about 1843, and having about the same political creed as the American party. [U.S.] A mer i can fsin (a-mer'i-kan-Izm), n. The love or preference which American citizens have to their own country, or its interests, customs, eic.; the ex- hibition of such preference ; as, his Americanism is of the most pronounced type. Am ess (am'es), n. Same as Almuce. A metabolic (a-met'a-bQr'ik), a. {Zodl.) A terra applied to those insects which do not possess wings when perfect, and which do not therefore pass through any well-marked metamorphosis. Am lierst I a (am-h6rst'i-a), n. fin honor of Countess Amherst, a zealous promoter of botany.] {Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Leguminosaj. The flowers are large, bright vermilion with yellow 8pots, and form a raceme about 3 feet long. There is only one species, the A. nobilis, a native of Bur- mnh, in which country the flowers are collected and It i I before the shrines of Buddha. Am I a nth (dm'i-inthjj n. {Bot.) Same as Ami- ant'i >is. Am i ca ble (Sm'i-ka-bl), a.—Amicable action {Law), an actiou commenced and prosecuted ac- cording fo a mutual understanding, for the purpose of obtaining a decision of the courts on some mat- ter of law involved in it.—Amicable numbers{Arith.), such as are mutually equal to the sum of one an- other's aliquot parts. Am ice (ftm'is), n. fO. Fr. amis, amit, Fr. amict, from Lat. amictus, an upper or outer garment, from amicio, amictum, to wrap round—prefix am, around, and jacio, jactum, to throw.] Something wrapped round a person ; especially a flowing cloak formerly worn by priests and pilgrims. A palmer,'9 amice wrapped him round. Sir W. Scott. Am ict (am'ikt), n. (Eccl.) Same as A mice. Amide (£m/id)) ) n. {Chem.) Names given toa Amine (am'in), } series of salts produced by the substitution of elements or radicals for the hydro- gen atoms of ammonia ; often used as terminations of the names of such salts. When these hydrogen atoms are replaced by -acid radicals, the palts are called amides, as NH-^^HsO (acetamide); while if the replacing radicals are basic, the salt? are termed amines, as NH2K (potassamine) and NH2C2H5(eth- ylamine). A mid ward (a-mld'ward), adv. (Naut.) To- wards the middle line of a ship. Anil i dae (am-i'i-dg), n. pi. {Ichth.) Afamilyof recent ganoid fishes, approaching more closely than the other families of the order to the ordinary bony fishes. The skin is covered with small, thin, rounded scales, coated with enamel, and the caudal fin is scarcely unsymmetrical. The species of this family", which are few in number, inhabit the fresh waters of America. One of the largest is the ^Imia calva. Am i lene (ftTi'il-Sn), n. Same as Amylene. Am injB (fim'in), n. See Amide. A mlr (a-mSr'). n. Same as Emir. Am i ral f (am'i-ral), n. An admiral. Am isf (3m'is), n. An amice. Spenser. A mis si bili ty (a-mls'l-bll^i-ti), n. The capabil- ity, chance, or possibility of being lost. [R.J Notions of popular rights, and the amiaaibiltty of sovereign power for .misconduct, were broached. * Hallam. A mis si ble (a-mT^i-bl), a. [Lat. amissibilis.J Capable of beiug or liable to be lost. [R.J A miss ness (a-mls'nes), n. Fault or error. [R.J God forgive ns our amisaneasea t British Bellman. Am me line (am'me-lln), n. {Organic Chem.) A base whose composition corresponds to one part of ammonia, one of mellone, and tiyo of water. Am mi (fim'mS), [Gr. afifi05, sa id.] {Bot.) A genus of umbelliferous plants, growing in the-Med- iterranean region, and having tho habit of the car- rot, but with the outer petal* of the umbel very large. They are sometimes called bishop-weeds. None of them are natives of Britain, its bishop- weed being the &gopodium jodagraria, otherwise called goutwort. Am mid (flm'id), n. {Chem.) Same as Amide. Am mid o gen (am-mld'o-jen), n. Same as Am- idogen. Am mit f (Sm'mit), n. An amice. Their motley habits, maniples and stoles, Albs, ummits, rochets, chimers, hoods, and cowls. Oldham. Am mo ece tes (Sm/mo-s6"tSz), n. [Gr. sand, aud *011-17, a bed.J {Ichth.) A genus ofcyclo- stomous fishes, family Petromyzonid® or Petromy- zidae. closely allied to the lampreys. One British specie* i« known, the prile or mu l-lamprey (^4. AMCEBA branchialis)'which is occasionally met with in riv- ers, where it lodges in the mud. Am mo dy ti dae (arn'mo-dl^tirdS), n. pi. {Ichth.) A family of fishes, suborder Anacanthini, order Teleostei, of which the genus Ammodytes is th© type. Am mon (&m'mon), n. [Anc. Egyptian Arnun, Ammon.] {Myth.) An ancient Ethiopian, and sub- sequently an Egyptian deity, called by the Greeks Zeus Ammon, and by the Latins Jupiter Ammon. Alexander the Great visited his temple in the desert of Libya, and was saluted, it is said, by the priests as son of the god. 111. PI. 1, Fig. 18. Ammon al um (Sm^mon-al um), n. [Contr. for ammonia alum. J {Min.) A mineral consisting of ahydrosulphate of alumina and ammonia, found in thin fibrous layers in brown-coal in Bohemia. In France it is manufactured and used for potash-alum. Ammoniac (am-mO'ni-ak), ) a.—Ammo- Am mo ni ac al (am'mo-nl^ak-al),} niacal gas, ammonia in its purest form.—Ammoniac gum% v or gum-ammoniac, a gum-resin from Africa And the East, brought in large masses, composed of tears, internally white aud externally yellow; an exuda- tion from an umbelliferous plant, the Dorema am- moniacum. It has a fetid smell, and a nauseous sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It is inflam- mable, soluble in water and spirit of wine, and is used in medicine as an antispasmodic, stimulant, and expectorant in chronio catarrh, bronchitic af- fections, and asthma. It is also used for plasters. —Ammoniacal liquor, & product of the distillation of coal in gas-works, usually containing i to 8 oz. of ammonia in a gallon, and used as a manure.—^lm« tnoniacal salt, a salt formed by the union of am? monia with an acid, without the elimination of hy- drogen, differing in this from metallic salts, which are formed by the substitution of the metal for the hydrogen of the acid. Am mo ni an (am-mO'ni-an), a. Pertaining to Ammonius, surnamed Saccas, of Alexandria, who flourished at the end of the secpnd century, and was the founder of the Neoplatonic school of phi- losophy ; his most distinguished pupils being Lon- ginus, Origen, and Plotinus. Am mo ni at ed (am-mO"ni-at/ed), a. (Chem.) Applied to anhydrous compounds of metallic salts with ammonia. Am mo nic (am-m&'nik), a. Relating to, or par- taking of the properties of, ammonia. Am mon it i dae (Sin'mon-It^i-de^n. pi. {Paleon.) A numerous extinct family of tetrabranehiate cepji- olopods (cuttle-fishe*), of which the well-known ammonite is the type. It includes the genera Goniatites,Ceratites, Amraonites,Scaphites,Hamites% and others. They are the most characteristic mol- luscs of the secondary rocks. Am mon i tii'er ous (firn'mon-it-Ifer-fis), a. Containing the remains of ammonites; as, ammon- itiferous rocks. Am mo ni mil (am-mO'ni-um), n.—Ammonium bases (Chem.), compounds representing one or more molecules of hydrate of ammonium, in which mono- or poly-atomic radicals replace the whole or part of the hydrogen, as iodide of tetrethylium N. (C2Hs)4 I. Am mopli i la (am-m&f i-la),n. [Gr. a/x/mov, sand, and 4>i\eu>, to love. J 1» (Bot.) A genus of grasses growing on the sandy shores of Europe and North America ; the sea-reed. A. arundinacea (common marum, nea-reed, mat- weed, or sea-bent) grows on sandy sea-shores, and isextensively employed in Norfolk and Holland for preserving the shores from inroads of the sea, as it serves to bind down the sand by its loug matted rhizomes. It is also manufactured into door-mats and floor-brushes. In the Heb ides it is made into ropes, mats, bags, and hats. 2. {Entom.) A long-bodied genus of fossorial hymenoptera, commonly called sand-wasps. Am mophilouH (am-mOf'i-liis), a. {Bot.) Noting certain grasses or plants which grow spon- taneously on sandy soil. Am nl on (itm'ni-on), ? n. {Bot.) A thin, semi- Am ni os (}Im'ni-os), ) transparent, gelatinous fluid, in which the embryo of a seed is suspended when it first appears, and by which the embryo is supposed to be nourished in its early stages. Am ni o ta (tfm'ni-fl"^ n. pi. {ZoOl.) A collec- tive name applied to that group of vertebrate animals, comprising the mammals, reptiles, and birds, in which the fetus is supplied with an am- nion. Am ill o tate (am'ni-o-tat), n. {Chem.) A com- pound of amniotic acid and a base. Am ni ot ic (am'ni-5t//ik), a. A term applied to those groups of vertebrates (reptiles, birds, mam- mals) of which the fetus possesses an amnion.—Am- niotic liquid, or liquor amnii, the liquid in which the fetus floats suspended by the umbilical cord. • A moe ba (a-mS'ba), n. rGr« change.! {ZoOl.) A microscopic genus of rhizopodous Pro- tozoa, of which A. diffluens, common in all our fresh-water ponds and ditohes, is the type. It exi sts as a mass of protoplasm, which, when placed under the microscope, exhibits curious movements. It pushes its body out into finger-like processes or pseudo-podia, and by means of these moves about or grasps particles of food. These processes may be protruded from any portion of the body, and are freely pushed out and as freely withdrawn again, or Notation. &, e, I, o, XL, long; g, 8,1,9, ft, ebort; a, e, i, ot u, obscure; farT l$U, f^stv cAre; Wr, »0ve, w; fl. Fr.; 6, Fr., ton, •r On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Abater'* and 4 cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.AMCEBEA jnerged with tho general protoplasmic matter of the body. From thus continually altering its ehape it lecoives its former name of protcus-animalcvle. Within the body a nucleus and nucleolus are usually perceived, and certain clear spaces, termed contrac- tile vesicles^ from their exhibiting rhythmical movements of contraction and dilation, may also be noticed. Tho protoplasm of the amoeba's body is differentiated into layers, the outer and firmer layer being termed the cctosarcy the inner and more fluid the endosarc. There is no distinct mouth, and loocl 6eized by means of the pseudopodia is engulfed within tho soft Barcode body and by auy portion of its surface, the apertures by which tho food is taken in closiug up immediately after reception of the nutriment. A clear space forms round each food particle after it has been received into the body, and (he particle, if digestible, is slowly dissolved, the clear space left for a short time after digestion being termed a vacuole. Reproduction takes place in several wnys; as, by fission, whereby an amoeba simply divides into two portions, each of which be- comes a distinct animalcule ; or by a Finglo pseudo- podium detatching itself from tho parent body, and developiug into a separate amoeba. Several other species have been described. Am <® be a (&in'e-bG"a), n. pi. (ZoOl.) An order of Rhizopoda, of which the genus Amoeba ia Iho type. See Amceba. Am ce bo an (Sm'e-be//an), a. Of or relating to the order Amoebea. A moe bi form (a-mS'bi-form), a. [Amoeba, and Lat. forma, form. J Formed like the amoeba. A moe bold, (a-md'boid), a. [\4»icc6a (which see), and Gr. e'fios, resemblance.] Of or pertainiug to or resembling tho amoeba ; as, amoeboid masses. A moe bous (a-mC'bus), a. Of or relating to the genus Amceba; resembling the amoeba in structure. A lilok (a-m6k'), n. Same as Amuck. A moil est© | (a-mOn'est), v. t. To advise or ad- monish. Chaucer. A moil til la do (a-rofin'til-A"dO), n. fSp.] A dry kind of sherry of a light color, highly esteemed by connoisseurs. Am o ra do f (8m'o-rfl".dO)I n. [Sp. pp. of amo- rar, Lat. amo, to love ; the word is similar to inam- orato., inamorato.J A lover. Mark Antony was both a courageous soldier and a passionate amoradn. Old tract. Am o re an (im'o-rC'an), ». One of a sect of Gemario doctors or commentators on the Jerusalem Talmud. Am o ret t (Sm'o-ret), n. A love-song or love-son- net. * His amorets and his canzonets, his pastorals and his madrigals to his Phyllis and his Amaryllis.1 Heywood. Am o ret to (ain'o-rSfto), n. A person enamored; a lover. The amnretto was want to take his stand at one place where sat his mistress. 0 Oat/ton. Am o rev o lous f (ilm/o-r8v"o-lus), a. [Lat. omor, love, and ro/o, to w^sli.] Full of love or be- nevolence ; kind ; charitable. He would leave it to the Princesse to show her cor- dial and amurevolous affection. Bp. Hacket. A morph (a-morf), n. (Chem. atid Min.) A body having no crystulline structure or form. A niorpha (a-mor'fa), n. [Gr. a, neg., and /jl°Pac (ftm-p/lk), n. {But.) An East Indian tree, which yields a highly ^odoriferous resin, and the leaves of which are used to medicate baths. I. is a species of Xanthoxylon. * 1 Am pel 1 dee (am-p61'i-d6), n. pi. [See Ampelis. ) (Orni(Ji.) The chatterers, a family of insessorial or perching birds, having a wide gape, short,broad and slightly arched bill, notched at the tip, and sharp hooked claws. Most of them Inhabit tropical America, and several are distinguished for the gor- geousness of their plumage. Am pe ltd © vs (am'pel-Td"e-S), n. pt. (Bot.) The ( ^amo given by Endlicher to the natural order of j plants called Vitacese. | 49 Am pe 11 nee (am'pel-i//ns), «. pi. (Omtth.) a sub-family of birds of the family Ampelldra or chat- terers. See Ampelidje, Ampelis, Am pe lis (2m'pel-is), n. fGr., a kind of singing bird.] ' (Omith.) A genus of perching birds, form- ing the type of the family Ampelidse or chatterers, as well as of the sub-family or group Ampelinse. This genus includes the Bohemian wax-wing or waxen chatterer, the only chatterer that visits Britain. Am pe lop sis (am/pel-6p//sis), n. [Gr. a/uureXo?, a vine, ando^is, appearance, resemblance.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Vitacete, scarcely dis- tinguishable from Vitis, except that the flowers have a ring round the base of the ovary. A. heder- acea, is the Virginian creeper, a fast-growing climb- ing shrub, cultivated for covering walls and arbors. Am per (tlm'per), n. [A. Sax. ampre.\ An nm- bury.^ [Local, Eng.] Am pere's Tlie o ry (§n-p5rz thS'o-ri),n. (Elec.) An electro-dynamic theory established by Andr6 Marie Ascipbee. In this theory the mutual attrac- < tion and repulsion of two magnets is referred to the mutual action of electric currents circulating par- allel to each other and in the same direction round the magnets. Ampfere conceived that the magnetic action of the earth is the result of currents circula- ting within it, or at its surface, from east to west, in planes parallel to the magnetic equator. Am phl"(itm'fl). [A Greek preposition meaning about, on both sides, etc., allied to Lat. amb-, ambot both, and to A. Sax. ymb, emb, Icel.,G. urn, round, about.] A prefix in words of Greek origin, signi- fying about, around, on both sides, in two respects, etc. Am *>lil ar thro sis (8m/fi-ar-thr0"si8), «. [Gr. afxi, and ap0pwi/3tos, amphibious, and Ai0os, stone.] (Paleon.) A fossil amphibious animal. Am phib i on (am-fn/i-on), n. An amphibious animal. Like an Amphibion, he was equally active on water and land. Fuller. Am p*ii blast (Sm'fl-blflst), n. [Gr. a/x$i, in two ways, and /eJAootos, a shoot.J {Physiol.) See Am- PHIBLASTIC. Am pht bias tic (flm'fi-blfls''tik), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to the series of ova intermediate between the holoblastio or mammalian ova, and the meroblastic, or ova of birds or reptiles. Am pliib o lold (am-flVol-oid), n. (ATin.) A rock composed of amphibole (-hornblende) and feld- spar, in which the amphibole predominates ; a varie- ty of greenptoue. Am pliib o lous (am-flb o-Ifls), a. Now used only in logic as applied to a sentence susceptible of two meanings. An amphibolous sentence is one thnt is capable of two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, i>ut from its admitting a double construction ; as,....' The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose.' Whately. Am pliib ra chys (am-ilb'ra-kls), n. Same as Am- phibrach. Am plii car pic ffim fl-kftr"pik ), ) a. Am plii car pous (:1m fi-kftr 'pfi* ), ) d/xt, in two ways, two, and icapn-Q?, fruit.] (Bot.) Possessing two kinds of fruit, either in respect of form or time of ripening Am phi cen irnm (Sm'fi-s5n//trum), n. [Gr. on both Bides, and Kevrpov, a spine,] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil ganoid fishes wanting abdominal fins. The dorsal and vent ral margins project like spines. They are confined to carboniferous «trata. Am phi coe 11 a (iim'fi-sO li-a), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A eubordejr of crocodiles whose vertebrae are doubly concave or hollow at both ends. Am plii coe lous (Tun fi-ee7lus V ) a. [Gr. Am plii coe li an (tfni'fi-i-C li-an), f at both end*, and koiAos, hollow. ] (Physiol.") Applied to vertebras which are doubly concave or hollow at both ends, as in fish and one group of extinct Crocodilia. Am phic y on (om-fls'i-on), n. [Gr. &ni, imply- ing doubt, and Kvutvi a dog.] (Paleon.) A large fos- sil carnivorous quadruped, so called from its teeth, which combine the characters of those of the dogs (Canidao) and bears ( Ursidre). It occurs principally in the miocene tertiary formation. Amptild Ham fTd), «. [Gr. afti, in two ways, Am pliide J and eZSo?, form, appearance.] (Chem.) A term given by Berzelius to com- pounds consisting of two sulphides, oxides, polenides, or tellurides, and therefore containing three different elements, as distinguished -from haloid compounds. See Haloid. Am phi des ma (itm'A-des 'ma), n. [Gr. a/xiy around, and Spono v. t. To search, as for stolen Daffo er (dak'er), J or smuggled goods ; an, to , dacker a house. ("Scotch.] pa cryd i um (da-krJd'i-um), n. [Or. 6a, to weep, and A.i'0o?, a stone.J (Med.) A name given to a calculous concretion in the lachrymal passage. Dac ty leth rl dae (dik'ti-ieth^ri-dS), n. pi. (Zo6l.) A small South African family of amphibian vertebr/xta, comprising only one genus, and, so far as known, two species, remarkable for having nails on their feet, the inner three toes being tipped with a Rharply-pointed claw or nail. Dac ty 11 (drtk'ti-ir), n.pl. (Class. Antiq.) A name given to certain fabulous beings inhabiting Mount Ida in Phrygia, to whom the discovery of iron and the art of working it is ascribed. They were serv- ants or priests of Bhea, and are sometimes con- founded with the Corybantes. Dac tyl 1c (dak-tll'ik), a.—Dactylio flute% a flute consisting of unequal intervals. * Dac tyl Ion (dak-tll'yon), n. [Gr. WktvAos; a fin- ger.] (Surg.) A term for cohesion between two fingers, either congenital or a consequence of burn- ing. Dac tyl fs (dak'tfl-is), n. [Lat. dactyHs, dog's, tooth grass. J (Bpt.) Cock's-foot grass, a genus of grasses consisting of about a dozen species found in cold and temperate regions. The flowers are in crowded compressed spikelets at the end of a one- sided panicle. Dac tyl o rhl za (d5k/til-o-rI//za), n. [Or. $&k- tvAos, a finger, and pt£a, a root. ] ( Agric. s Hort.) Finger-and-toe, a disease of the bulbs of turnips, which divide and becomes hard and useless, believ- ed tobe due to the nature of the soil, and distinct from am bury, which is due to the attacks of insects. Dac tyl o zo Id (d&k'til-o-zO"id). n. TOr. «<£*- tvA09, a finger, £d>ovf an animal, ami cZfoc, likeness.] (Zaai.) One of the prehensile polype of a com- posite hydra, invested with the function Qfjpftfetng the pre^y for the oolony. Dad die (dfid'dl), «. The hand. [Steng.j Werry unexpected pleasure I tip nanv C.X&W Dade f (dad), n. A name /oni&rly gives**# species of wading bird. • _ Da do (d&'do or dft'do), n. The itaishiag m. Ote lower part of the wails in the Savior of a honse, made somewhat to represent the dado of a pedestal, and consisting frequently of a skirting of wood about three feet high. Da dox y ion (da-dOks'i-lon), n. (Paleon.) Endll- cher's generic name for fossil coniferous wood, the cells of which have many series of alternating discs, as in Araucaria, found in the paleozoic and second- ary strata. Dse dal en cliy ma (d^'dal-Sn^ki-ma), n. [Gr. 6ai'6aAos, cunningly wrought, and ey^v/xa, infusion.] (Bot.) A name applied to entangled cells, as in some fungi. Dae moil Ic (dS-m5n'ik), a. [Gr. fiat/xwv, a divin- ity.] Pertaining to or proceeding from a super- natural being or from supernatural enthusiasm. He may even show sudden impulses which have a false air of daemonic strength, because they seemed inapplicable. George Eliot. Daemon ism (dS'mon-Tzm), ) n. Same as Demon- Daa moil 1st (dg'mon-ist), J ism, Demonist. Dae mon o ma nl a (dgymon-0-mfl//ni-a)»». Same as Demonomania. % Daf ft it (dSffin). )». Thoughtless gaiety ; fool- Daf ling(d&f'fing), ) ish playfulness; foolery. [Scotch,] Until wi' daffln weary grown, Upon a knowe they sat them down. Burns. Dag t I (dag), n. An ornamental cut in the edge Daggef J of garments, in use as early as the reign of Henry I. The fashion of ornamenting with dag- ges was carried to such an excess that in 1188 sump- tuary laws were enacted forbidding it. Dagger (dag'er), n. [Supposed to be a corruption of diagonal.] (Ship-building.) A piece of timber that crosses all the puppets of the bulgeway to keep them together. The plank that secures the heads of the puppets is called the dagger-plank.— Dagger-knees (Ship-building), certain pieces whose sides are cast down and bolted through the cramp. Dag ger-ftgh (dfig^r-flsh), n. A species of sea- fish. Dag gar-mon ey (dSg//er-mfin/ni), n. A sum of money formerly paid to the justices of assize on the northern circuit to provide arms against marauders. [Eng.] Dag gers-draw ing (dag"gerz-dr§'ing), n. The act of drawing daggers; approach to open attack or to violence; a quarrel. They've always been at daggers-drawing, And one another clapper-clawing. Hudibras. Da go ba (da-gi), n. The art or process of producing photographio pictures on the plan introduced by M. Daguerre. Written also Daguerrotypy. Da fia bi ah (d&'hA-bS'ah), ?n. A kind of boat Da ha be eh (d^hft-b^'fi), ) in use on the Nile for the conveyance of travelers, and having one or two mast?with a long yard supporting a triangular sail. It is of considerable breadth at the stern, which is rounded, but narrow towards the prow, which terminates in a sharp, graoefully curving cut-water. Dahabiehs are of various sizes, and af- ford good accommodation for from two to six or eight passengers. There is a deek fore and aft, on the center of which are the seats for the rowers, when oars are needed to propel the bbat On the fore part of the deck is the kitchen, and on the after part there is raised a large cabin, which pro- vides a sitting-room and sleeping accommodation for the Dassengers. The top of this cabin affords an open-air promenade, and has often an awning stretched above it. Dahl gren Gun (dai;aren gun), n. A gun intro- duced into the United States^ervice by a well-known officer, Admiral Dahlgren. Its chief peculiarity" is that it presents a small quantity of metal in front of the trunnions and a comparatively large quantity behind. Dal die (da'dl), v. t. [A corruption of daggle.} To draggle ; to bemire. [Scotch. J Dal die (da'dl), v. i. To be slow in motion or act- ion. [Scotch.] Daldllng (da'dling), p. or* Feeble; silly; mean- spirited ; pusillanimous. (Bcotch.J He's but a coward body after a',—he's but a daidling coward body. Sir W. Scott. Dal ker (dS'ker), v.i. [Scotch; comp. Gael> dea- cair, difficult, grieving, sad, gloomy, surly.] 1 • To toil, as in job work. 2. To loiter ; to saunter, ^ I'll pay your thousand pmxds Scots... .gin ye'll.... just daiker up the gate wi' this Sassenach, wf W. Scott. 3* To continue serving in a place irresolutely; to delay making up one's mind. I e'en daiker on wi' the family frae year's end to year's.end. Sir W. Scott. Dal ker (darker), v. t. [From Fr. decor er, to dec~ orate, adorn.] To arrange in an Orderly manner. [Scoteh.] Dal lto kn (dl/ko-k0//), n. The god specially wor- shiped by the artisans of Japan. He is represent- ed as sitting on a ball of rice, with a hammer in his hand, before a sack. Every time he strikes the sack it becomes full of silver, rice, cloth, and other things useful. Dally (da'lt), ». A newspaper or publication which appears daily. Dai men (dS'men), a. Bare; here-and-there; now-and-then; occasional. [Scotch.] A daimen icker in a thrare 'S a sma' request. Burns. Dal mi O (dl'mi-O), n". [Japanese.] The title of a class of feudal lords in Japan. Of 264 daimios, the greater number exercised the authority of petty princes in their domains, possessing thfe power of inflicting capital punishment, and owing only a nomial allegianoe to the mikado: Eighteen were virtually independant sovereigns. In accordance with a decree issued in 1871, the daimios surrender- ed not only their exclusive privileges but also to a great extent their private property, their districts being incorporated with the imperial territories, and their troops handed over to the Imperial government. The daimios were made official gov- ernors of the districts which they formerly held as feudal rulers, and draw as hereditary salaries sums equal to only one-tenth of their former incomes. Dalntf (dSnt), a. Dainty; delicate; exquisite.' ' To cherish him with diets daintS Spenser. Dain ti O ca tlon (dan'ti-fl-ka^shun), «. Dandy- ism. He seems a mighty delicate gentleman, and la all daintiflcation in manner, speech, and dress. • Mad. ZfArblay. Daintily (dffn'ti-fl), v. t. To make dainty; to refine away; to weaken by over refinement. ' My father charges me not to daintify his affection, into respects or compliments. Mad. VArblay. Dain ti hood (dfixt'ti-hyd), n. Nicety; daintiness. An inferiority in daintihood and ton. Mad. D'Arblay. Dain ty f (dSn'ti), n. The state or quality of being nice or dainty; coyness ; daintiness. Da ir a (da'ir-a), n. The private estates of the Khedive of Egypt. Dai rl (dl're), ?». An alternative Dai rl-so ma (d^'re-sCma).) name for the Jap- anese mikado. He is held to be descended from the sun-goddess, and as such unites in his person all th» attributes of the deity. He is called the mikadd, a name for the Deity, and sometimes the dairi-soma. Brougham. Dai ro (dT-rO), n. The Japanese'name for the court of the mikado or dairi-soma. Education is everywhere much attended to, an«i es- pecially at the dairo or court pf the mikado. * Brougham. Dal ry (da'rl), a. Belonging to the business of th» production of milk, and ito conversion into butter and cheese. xh, acure; or, food $ oil, pound. the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- __vrt wig; wh, wAig; On this page will he found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DAIRY-FARM ®»! rv-farm (dfl'ri-f&rm), n. A (arm, the princi-1 pie business of which consists in making butter and cheese, and supplying milk to a town. Dairying (dS'ri-ing), n. The occupation or busi- ness x>f one who conducts a dairy. Slat ry man (dft'ri-m&n), «. One who keeps cows for the sale of milk, or who attends to the sale of dairy produce. Dai ry-prod uc© (dfl'ri-prttd'tls), n. The prod- ucts of a dairy, as milk, cream, butter, cheese, and the like. Da is (dfl'ls),) n. [Scotch.] A long board, seat, or De Is (dS'ie), J settle erected against a wall, and sometimes bo constructed a9 to serve both for a set- tee and a table ; also, a seat in the outer side of a country-house or cottage, not unfrequently formed of turf. Dai sy-cnt ter (dS'zy-ktit'er), n. 1. (Base-ball and Cricket.) A ball struck by the batsman in such a manner as to go skimming along the surface of the ground for a long distance without actually touching ft. 2. A trotting horse. I should like to try that daisy-cutter of yours upon a place of level road. Scott. Dait ya (dSt'yft). n. Same as Asura (which see). Dak (dgk or d&k)r n. The mail-post of India; written also dawk, dauk. Dak ©it (da-koit'), n. * [Bengalee dakhey a robber.] One of a class of robbers in India tvho plunder in bands, but seldom take life. The term was also ap- plied to thepirateswho infested the rivers between Calcutta and Burhampore, but who are now sup- pressed by tbo improved system of river police. Spelled also Dacoit. "Da koi ty (da-koit'i), n. The system of robbing In bands. Spelled also Dacoity. Da ko tans (da-kO't&z), ». pi. Another name for the Sioux. See Sioux. Da lal-la ma (da-lI'lS-ma), n. [Tibetan, the ocean-priest, or priest as wide as the ocean.] One of the two lama popes of Tibet and Mongolia (his fellow-pope being the Tesho-lama), each supreme hi his own district. Although nominally co-equal in r^nk and authority, the dalai, from possessing a uvaoh larger territory, is in reality much the more powerful. When he dies he is Succeeded by a boy, igeneraUy of four or five years of age, into whom the soul of the deceased dalai is supposed to have entered. The dalai resides at Potala near Lassa, in Tibet. The dalai-lama.who is the high-priest also of the state, is chosen by the' other Jamas. Brougham. Dal berg 1 a (dal-bfcrg'i-a), n. [After Nicholas Dalberg, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) A large genus of fine tropical forest trees and climbing .shrubs, nat. order Legumiuosae, some species of which yield moet excellent timber. D. latifolia <(the black-wood, or East Indian rosewood) is a mag- nificent tree, furnishing one of the most valuable furnituro woods. Z). Sissoides, a smaller tree, yields a wood used at Madras for gun-carriages; and D. Siesoo gives a hard durable wood, called sissoo or siBsum, which, besides its use in house-building, is much employed in India for railway-sleepers, crooked timbers and knees in ship-building. t>ale (dfll), n. 1* (Naut.) A trough-or spout to carry off water, usually named from the office it has to_perform ; as. a pump-doie, etc. 2. A term applied in the North of England and Scotland to a river-basin, or a district situated with- in the water-sheds of a river, with the name of the river prefixed ; as, Tyn edaie, Tweed dale, etc# Dales man (dAlz'man), n. 1* One living In adale or valley. The contest lay between the trimmers, headed by the Alcmteonidse, and the dalesmen. Brougham. 2* More specifically, a dweller in the dales of the !English and Scottish borders. Even after the accession of George the Third, the path over the fells from Borrowdale to Bavenglas was still a secret carefully kept by the dalesmen. Macaulay. Dal ma hoy (dSl'ma-hoi), n. A kind of busby bob-wig worn by tradesmen in the last century, es- pecially by chemists. Dal ma tian (dal-mS'shan or dal-mS'shi-an), a. Of or pertaining to Dalmr.tia.—Dalmatian dog (Zo6l.), a variety of the canine race, known also by the names of Danish, Spotted, or Coach Dog. It is distinguished from All other varieties by its numerous black spots. Its form is rather elegant, partaking both of the hound and pointer. It is kept chiefly as an appendage to the oarriage, and shows an instinctive fondness for the stable. Dalt (dgjt), ». [Gael. daJta, a foster-child,J A foster-child. [Scotch.] It is false of thy father's child j false of thy mother's son*, falsest of my dalt. Sir W. Scott. Dal to ni an (d&l-tO'ni-an), n. A person affected by color-blindness. Dam ag»> (dftm'aj), ». The cost of anything. [Ool- loq.] Many thanks, but I must pay the damage, and will you to tell me the amount of the engraving. Byron. Dam age-cleer (dilm'aj-klflr), *. [Lat. damna clericorum.] {Eng. Law.) A fee formerly paid in 240 the Courts of Common Pleas, King's Bench, aud Exchequer, in certain cases where damages were recovered in these courts. Damaged (d&m'ajd), p. a. Hurt; impaired; in- jured ; as, damaged goods ; a damaged reputation. Damajavag (da/ma-ja//vag), n. The name given to a preparation of the chestnut-tree, employed as a substitute for oak bark and gall-nuts in tanning. Dam an (d&in'an), n. (ZoOl.) A rabbit-like ani- mal of the genus Hyrax (H. syria^us), common in Syria and Palastine, inhabiting clefts of rocks. It is about 11 inches long and 10 inches high, and is sup- posed to be the shaphan or cony of Scripture. Dam a ra (dSm'a-ra), n. Same as Dammara. Dam ar-resin (d2m//ar-r6z/in), n. Same as Dammar-resin. s Dam as cene (dftm'as-sSn), a.—Damascene work (a), the process of ornamenting objecte, as swords, shields, etc., by inlaying one metal on another ; also the work produced by this process. (b) The pro- cess of forming various patterns on polished steel by the use of acids, etc.; also the work produced by this method. Dam as cene (dSm'as-sSn), n. [Lat. datnascenus, from Damascus.] 1. A particular kind of plum, now written,Dam- son. 2* A variegated or wavy appearance characteris- tic of Damascus blades, and which the manufac- turers of modern times have endeavored to imitate by a mixture of platinum and iron. Dam as cene (dSm'aa-sgn), v. t. To damask; to damaskeen. Dam as ens Blade (dam-as'kus biad), n. A sword or scimitar presenting upon its surface a variegated appearance of watering, as while, silvery, or black veins, in fine lines or fillets, fibrous, crossed, interlaced, or parallel, etc., formerly brought from the East, being fabricated chiefly at Damascus. The excellent quality of these blades has become pro- verbial, but blades of equal quality are now made in England. Dam asked (dflm'askd), p. a. (Her.) Applied to the field or charge when covered over with small squares, in which is depicted a variely of figures ; having a running ornament all over. Called also Diapered. Dam bon ite (dSm'bon-It), w. [N'dambo, native name for the tree.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance existing toUhe extent of 0 5 per cent, in caoutchouc obtained from an unknown tree growing near the Gaboon, in Africa. It is very readily sol- uble in water and in aqueous, but not in absolute, alcohol. Dam mar (d&m'mar), n. See Dammara. Dammara (dSm'ma-ra). n. 1. {Bot.) A genus of trees, nat. order Coniferse, from the other species of which thtey are distinguished by their large, lanceolated, leathery leaves, with numerous and nearly parallel veins, and by their seeds having a wing at one side instead of proceeding from the end.—Dammara orientalis is a lofty tree, attaining on the mountains of Amboyna a height of from 80 to 100 feet. Its lighfrtimber is of little value, but it yields the well-ki^own dammar-resin. Another spe- cies is D. australis, the kauri, or cowrie-pine (which see). D. Moorii, a tree 40 feet hi«h, is found in New Caledonia. D. obtusa, a large timber tree used in ship-building, is a native of the New Heb- rides. 2. Dammar-resin (which see). Dam ma rin (d&m'ma-rin), n. See Damvab-resik. Dammar-resin (diWm&r-rSz'in), n. A gum or reein resembling copal, produced by various species of dammar. The East -Indian or oat's-eye resin is got from the Dammara orientalis, and when mixed with powdered bamboo bark and a little chalk is used for caulking ships. Another variety, the bowrie or kauri gum, is obtained from the D. australis of New Zealand'; it is colorless or pale yellow, hard and brittle, and has a faint odor and resinous taste. Both gums are used for color- less varnish, for which purpose they are dissolved in turpentine, Called also Dammara, Dammarin. Damn (dSmn), n. The execration employed by those who use the verb profanely; a curse; an oath. Generally written D—n. Moore. Dam ni ft ca lion (dftm'ni-fi-ka^shun), n. (Lay.) That which causes damage or loss. Dam o cle an (darn'o-kie^an), a. Relating to Damocles, a flatterer, who, having extolled the hap- piness of Dionysius, Tyrant of Syracuse, was placed by the latter at a magnificent banquet, under a sword suspended over his head by a single hair. Hence, applied to any condition, especially to one of eminence, threatened with extreme danger. „ Da monch (da-mtjeh'), n. The Arab name for Nitraria tridentata, believed to be the lotus-tree of the ancients. Dam per (dSmp'er), n. 1* A kind of bread made simply of flour and water, in thick cakes, without fermentation, and baked on a flat-stone. 2* (Locomotive Engines.) A contrivance some- thing like an Iron Venetian blind attached -to the smoke-box end of the boiler. It is thrown open when .the engine is running, and shut down when it is standing. Dam»plate (dim'plat), n. In a blast-furnace, the cast-iron plate which covers the dam-stone. Damp ne + (d&np'ne), t>. t. To condemn. * Damp- ned for to die.' Chaucer. DANT Damp-off! (damp'Bf), v. <. (Hort.) To uloerate, as the stems of seedlings and other tender plants, in consequence of the soil- and atmosphere in wbtich they qre vegetating being too damp or moist. Flow- er seedlings in stoves and hotbeds are especially liable to damp-off. Dam son-cheese (dSm'zn-chSz), n. A conserve of fresh damsons, pressed into the shape of a cheese. Dam-stone (d&m'stOn), n. The retaining wall of the crucible at the bottom of a blast-furnace. Dan seaceie (dfo'e-a^se-S ) n. pi. (Bot.) A sub- Da nae e as (da-nS'e-S), J order of tropical ferns, with ringles^spore-cases, buried in the fleshy substance of the under surface of the frond, and each opening at the top by a small round pore. One species is used in the Sandwich Islands to per- fume cocoanut oil, and the rhizome of another forms an article of diet there. Dance (dans), n.—Dance of death (Allegorical Painting and Soxtlp.), a subject illustrative of the universal power of death, in which a death or skele- ton figures prominently; very frequently met with in ancient buildings, stained glass, and in the dec^« oration of manuscripts. Dance-mu sic (dans''mfl'zik), ». Music special- ly intended to be danced to. Dan cers (dan'serz), n. pi. Stairs. [Low.*] Come, my Hebe, track the dancers, that is,' go up the stairs. Lytton. Dan cette (dan-s6t'), n. 1. (Arch.) The zigzag or chevron molding, characteristie of Norman architecture. 2* (Her.) A chevron or zigzag fret. Dan cing-mas ter (dans^ing-m^s'ter), n. A teacher of dancing. Dan cing-room (dtins'ing-rOm), n. A room for dancing ; a ball-room ; specifically, a publio room, licensed for music and dancing. Dander (d5n'der), n. [Icel. tendra. to kindle; tindra, to emit sparks. Akin tinder.} A cinder; specifically, in the plural, the refuse of a furnace. Dandy (diin'di), a. Finely or foppishly dressed; dainty ; foppish ; trim ; gay. A dandy little hand in a kid glove. Thackeray. Dandy (d&n'di). n. [Hind, daundee, a boatman, a rower, from dawnd, an oar.] A boatman of the Ganges. I Anglo-Indian.] Dandy (din^di), n. (Naut.) A vestfel rigged as a sloop, and having also a jigger-mast. Dan e brog ) (d&n'e-brog), n. f In O. Dan. brog Dan nt brog ) means cloth. Hdnce Danebrog is equal to the 1 cloth or banner of the Danes.'] A Denish order of knighthood, said to have been in- stituted in 1219, and revived in 1693. The deco- rations consist of a cloth of gold pattee, enamelled with white, and suspended by a white ribbon, em- broidered with red. Dang f (dSng), v. t. [In Sc. ding."] To beat, with notion of overthrowing, or causing to descend ; to ' throw or force down; to dash. Till she, o'ercome with anguish, shame, and rage, Danged down to hell her loathsome carriage. Marlowe. Danger (dSn'jer), n. 1. f Power; jurisdiction; domain; as, to come within his danger. Chaucer. You stand within his danger, <_o you not f Shah. 2* f Injury; harm; damage. We put a st ing in him, That at his will he may do danger with Shak. 3.'f Sparingness ; stint; coyness. Chaucer. Dan ger ful (dAn'jer-f^l), a. Dangerous. [R.] And other things less dangerful. Ward, Dan ger-sig nal (dari//jer-sTg/nal% n. (Railuoays.) The signal used on railways to. indicate that there is some obstruction ahead, or some obstacle involv- ing danger to an advancing train. Danger is indica- ted by certain positions of the movable arms of a sem- aphore during the day, and by a red lamp at night. When he gives up the profitable application of his time, it ia then that, in railway language, ' the danger- signal is tamed on.' Gladstone. Dan gle»ber ry (d2n//gl-b5r'i), n. The fruit of the Gaylussacia frondosa, a sweet and edible berry of a dark blue color, growing in the United States on the New England coast, in Kentucky, and in other places farther south. It belongs to the same genus with the O. resinosa, or common huckleberry ; call- ed also blue tangle. Dan gle ment (dSng'gl-ment), n. The act of dang- ling. * The very suspension and danglement of any puddings whatsoever right over his ingle-nook.' Ld. Lytton. Da nite (da'nltor dSn'It), n. [From Dan. See Gen- xlix. 16.] A member of a secret society among the Mormons, who, it is believed, took an oath to support the authority and execute the commands of the leaders of the sect at all'hazards. Many massa- cres and robberies committed during the early history of Utah are ascribed to the Danites. Dan sense (d5n-z6rz, ddfi-sdrzor d&n-sOz), n. [Fr.] A female stage dancer. Dan skerj (d&nsk'er), n. [Dao» Danafc, Danish.] A Dane. Inquire me first what Danskers are in Paris. Shak. Dant (dint), n. A heavy weight made of metal, and having a ring for a handle: used for beating down the layers of salted meat in casks. Notation. A, e, I, 0, lopg ? &, 3, I* fl, abort; a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; far fftll, ff^t, care; h6r, mOve, or; byll. % Fr.; ft, FrM ton. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DANTESQUE Dan tesque (dan-tSsk ), a. Pertaining or relating to Dante Aligbieri, the Italian poet.; resembling or characteristic of Dante'e manner or style. Dant ale-beer .d&it'sik-bgr). Same as Black beer. Da pe di urn (da-p6'di-um), ) n. (Paleon.) A genus Da pe di us (da-p6 di-us), ) of fossil ganoid iishes of the lias. ' Dapb nad (daf'nad), n. The name applied by Lindley to the Thymelace®. m* ± Dapb nal (dilf'nal), a. (Bot.) The term applied by Lindley to the alliance comprising the daphnads and the laurels. Dapb nid e a (daf-nld'e-a), \n.pl. (ZoOl.) Afam- Dapb eA 1 doe (daf-nl'i-dS), J ily of crustaceans, order Cladocera, of whioh the genus Daphnia is the' type. Daplt no man cy (dfif'rio-m&i'si), n. [Gj\ btyvrj, a laurel, and navreiat divination.] Soothsaying by means of a laurel. Da pi co (da-pS'kO), n. The 8outh American name for a species of caoutchouc obtained from the roots of Siphonia elastica. Da rap ti (da-rilp'tl), n. (Logic.) A mnemonio word, designating a syllogism of the third figure. Dar by (dar'bi), n. 1. A plasterer'6 tool. 2. pi. Haudcuffs; fetters. ' Hark ye I Jem Clink will fetch you the darbies.' [Slang.] Sir W. Scott. Dar by and Joan (dar'biayd jOn). A loving, old- fashioned, virtuous couple. Thackeray. Dar by ites (dar'bi-Its), n. pi. See Plymouth Dar dan (dftr'dan), )a. Of or pertaining Dar da nl an (dar-dS'ni-an),) to the Dardani or Trojans. Also used substantively. Daref (dar), v. i. To lie or squat close to the ground ; to look anxiously around. Dare-dev 11 (dAr'dSv'l), a. Characteristic of or appropriate to a dare-devil; reckless; inconsider- ately rash and venturesome. 'Dare-devil excite- ment.' Thackeray. Darg, ) (dArg), n. £A contr. for day-wurk, thut Dargue ) is, day-work.] A day's work; a certain quantity of work. [Scotch.]. Darg (darg), v. i. To be fcmployed at day-work ; as, 'What are you doing this year f' 'I'm darging.' [Scotch.] Darg er (darg'er), ». A day-worker. [Scotch.] Da ri 1 (dS'ri-1), n. (Logic.) A mnemonic word to express a syllogism of the first figure. Dar Ing-glass (dar'ing-gl&s), n. A mirror used for daring larks. Bp. Gauden. Dar lng-bar dy (darling-hard'!), a. Fool-hardy; audacious. Shak. Dark (dark), a.—Dark horse, (a) (Racing), a horse whose capabilities are not generally known, or con- cerning whose chances of success in a pending race little or no information is to be had; hence, any competitor for a prize or honors about whom noth- ing certain is known. Hotten. (b) (Politics.) A term applied to one who is unexpectedly brought forward as a candidate, or is nominated in a con- vention, by a majority of the delegates giving him their votes, when it is evident that none of the lead- ing candidates can obtain the nomination, as in a presidential contest. [In both senses slang,Dark- house, f a mad-house. Shak. Dark ful f (dark'f\jl), a. Full of darkness ; dark. ' All thy body shall be darkful.' Wydiffers Bible, Luke xl. 34. Dark le (dark'I), v. i. [From darkling.] To grow dark ; to appear dark or show indistinctly. [Poet.] To the left darkles the castle. Blackwood's Mug. Dar ling to ill a (dar'ting-tCni-a^, n. [From Dr. Darlington, an American botanist.] (Bot.) A re- markable genus of Americao pitcher-plants, nat. order Sarraceniace®. Dar ra (dSr'a), n. Same as Durra. Dart er (dart'er), n. (Ornith.) An order (Jacula- tores) of birds in the classification of Macgillivray. Dart er-ftsb (dart'er-flsh), «. (Ichth.) The Tox~ ■ otes jaculator, also called Archer-ftsh (which see). Dar tie (dar'tl), v. t. A frequentative form of dart. ' My star that dar ties the red and the blue.' Browning. Dart old (dart'oid), a. Of or pertaining to the dartos.—Dartoid tissue (Anal..), the structure of the dartos, which is intermediate between muscle and elastic fibrous tissue. Dar tos (d&r'tos), n. [Gr. Sapro's.] (Anat.) A con- tractile fibrous layer situated immediately beneath the skin of the scrotum. Dar weesli (dar'wCsh), n. Same as Dervis. Dart-snake (dart'snflk), n. A name given to ser- pents of the genus Acontias, from their darting upon their assailants. Dar win 1 an (dar-wfn'l-an), a. Of or pertaining to Darwin, the celebrated naturalist; as, the Dar- winian theory of development. See under DeveI/- opment. Dar win 1 an (dar-wln'i-an), w. A believer in the Darwinian theory. Dar win 1 an ism (dar-wTn'i-an-Tzm), > n. Belief Dar win Ism (dar'win-tzm), J i n o r support of the doctrines of Darwin as to the devel- opment of animals and plants. DasMfcflsh), v. t. To suffuse; to overspread. \ Addison. Dasb (d5sh), v. t. To display rapidity in perform- ance. Rochester. Dasb (dfish), n. (Racing.). A race which consists of a single ttiai of speed or heat. 241 Dasb-and-dot (dash'and-dOt), a. Consisting of dashes and dots; as, the dash-and-dot alphabet. See Morse. Dash ing (dfish'ing), a. Impetuous; blustering ; spirited; showy; brilliant; as, a dashing fellow; a dashing charge. Dasb ing ly (dSsh'ing-ll), adv. In a dashing, con- spicuous, or showy manner; ostentatiously. [Col- loq.] Hawthorne. Dasb y (dish'i), a. Conspicuous; showy; ostenta- tious ; designed to attract attention. [Colloq.] Dasb pot (d&sh'pftt), n. (Mach.) An apparatus for deadening the blow of any falling weight, and preventing any jar in the machinery. Dasb-wheel (dftsh'wbSl), n. A name applied to two cylinders revolving against each other in a cis- tern, used for washing woven goodB. Das sy (dfts'si), n. (ZoOl.) A name given to the rock rabbit of the Cape of Good Hope. Das tard (d&s'terd), a. Cowardly; dastardly. Addison. Das tard 1c© (dfis'terd-Is), n. Cowardice ; das- tardliness. Richardson. Das wen (daz'wen), v. i. Tojbe dazzled or dazed. Chaucer. Das y clad e ae (dfts/i-kl&d//e-S), n. pi. [Gr. fiao-us, hairy,' and xAaSos, the young slip or shoot of a tree.] (Bot.) A small nat. order of green-spored algse. Das y gas trl ae (dus/i-ga8//tri-S), n.pl. [Gr. 6aKTos, buttocks.] (ZoOl.) A genus of ro- dents with h ug hair on the rump, commonly called agouti. Das y pus (dfis'i-pus), n. [Gr. $a (dSt'is-eln or da-tls'sln), n. (Chem.) A Dat Is cine ) substance having the appearanceof grape-sugar, first extracted by Braconnot from the leaves of Datisca cannabina. It has been used as a yellow dye. (C2]H220i2.) Dat is 1 (d^/i-sl or da-ti'sl), n. (L6gic.) Amnemon- ic word expressing a syllogism of the third figure. Dat o lite (d&t'O-lIt), ) n. [Gr. fMrelaOai, to di- Datli o lite (dStli'O-lIt), ) vide, and Ai'0o?, a stone, from its tendency to divide into granular portions.] (Min.) The siliceous borate of lime, a mineral of two sub-species, the common and the botryoidal. The common is of a white color, of various shades, and greenish gray. The botryoidal occurs in mam- miliary concretions, or in botryoidal masses, white and earthy. Dau ber (dab'er), n. 1. A builder of walls with clay or mud mixed with straw. il, A copperplate-printers' tool. Daud (dtid),v. t. [Apparently imitative.] To strike; to slap; to pelt with a soft substance. [Scotch,] Burns. Daugb (dg,ch), n. [Contr. for dawache, as much land as can be tilled by eight oxen; Gael, daimh, oxen, and ach, a field.] An old Scotch division of land, capable of producing 48 bolls. Daxrgb ter (dg'ter), n. 1* A title of affection given to a woman by a man older in respect of years, or by a man whose character or office entitles him to esteem, as to a penitent by her father confessor. *Daughter, be of good comfort.' Mat. ix. 22. 2• The female offspring of an animal or plant. Daugb tfer ling (d^ter-ling), n. A little daugh- ter. [R. ] Miss Bronte. Daunt onf (d&nt'on), v. t. [A form of M. Eng. daunten.] To daunt; to intimidate. 'To daunton me.' Jacobite Song.' Dauw (d&), n. (ZoOl.) One of the South African zebras, the Equus Burchellii, a species only, found on the plains. Da val li a (da-vSl'li-a), n. [From Edmund Davall, a Swiss botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of polypodiaceous ferns, having scaly creeping rhizomes. Dav en port (d^v'n-pOrt or da'vn-pOrt), n. Same as Devonport. Da vid 1st (dS'vid-ist), )nsMEccl. Da vid-Geor gi an (da^vid-jorj^-an), ) tl ist.) One of a sect so called from David George, who, in the sixteenth century, gave out that he was the Messiah, rejected marriage, and denied the resurrection. Da vid's Staff (d£'vidz staf), ». A kind of quad- rant formerly used in navigation. Davy-lamp (da/vi-ltfmp), )n. (Mining.) A Da vy's Lamp (d5/viz lamp),) lamp whose flame DEADENEB Is surrounded with wire, invented by Sir Humphry Davy to protect the miners from explosions of fire- damp. Called also Safety-lamp (whicb see). Davy um (dayvi-um), n. [After Sir H. 'Davy.} (Min.) A metal of the platmum group discovered in 1877 by Seygius Kern of St. Petersburg, in sep- arating the metals rhodium and iridium from some' platinum ores. It is a hard silvery metal, slightly ductile, extremely infusible, and has a density of 9 385 at 25° C. Daw die (d^dl), v. t. To waste by trifll! g; aa, to dawdle away a whole day. Daw-dressing (do/drSs/ing), n. The assump- tion of qualities, thoughts, and aotions one is not en- titled to. Ignominiously plucked for so contemptible a daw- dressiug. str W. Hamilton. Daw dy (dg/di), n. A slattern, especially one who affects finery ; a dowdy. Daw e nyngeKda'e-nfng").». Dawning. Chaucer. Dawn lug (d^n^ng), n. 1. The first appearance- of light in the morning. 2. First opening or appearance, as of Intellectual, powers ; beginning; as, the first dawning of notions in the understanding. Daw pate (d&'pit), n. A simpleton. Dawt(d£t), v. t. [Akin Eng. dote.J To i>egard or treat with affection ; to pet; to caress; to fondle. [Scotch.] Mudi dawted by the gods is he. Ramsay. Dawt le (dftt'i), n. A beloved child ; a darling; a child much fondled through affection: frequently used as a term of endearment. [Scotch.] Day (dS), n. 1. Time of commemorating an event; anniversary; the same day of the month in any ffff&re year; as, Decoration day; St. Bartholo- mew's day. 2. t Credit: a distant day being fixed for payment. B. Jonson. 3. [Supposed to be a corruption of bay.] (Arch.) One of the compartments of a mullioned window. Day ak (dl'ak), n. Same as Dyak. Day-blind ness (da^bllnd'nes), n. The common name for the visual defect called nyctalopia, by which objects are seen only in the evening and at. night. It is the opposite of day-sight. Called also Night-sight, Nocturnal-sight. Day-dreamer (da'/drem'er), n. One who in- dulges in day-dreams; a fanciful sanguine schemer'; one given to indulge in reveries or to build castles in the air. Day-dream y (d&'MrSm'i), a. Relating to or abounding in day-dreams. [R.] Day iiglit (da'llt), n. 1. The space left in a wine- glass between the liquor aud the brim, and not al- lowed when bumpers are drunk, the toast-master calling out' No daylights.' [Slang.] 2* pi. The eyes. 'I will darken her daylights.+ [Slang.] Fielding. Day long (da'lftng), a. Lasting all day. Day-scbooi (da'skOl), ». A school taught during the day. Day sbine (dS'shln), n. Daylight. Naked in open dayshinet Tennyson. Day's-work (daz;w6rk), n. (Naut.) A ship's course for twenty-four hours, reckoning from noon, to noon. Day-work (da;w6rk), n. 1. Work by the day ^ day-labor. 2* Work done during the day, as distinguished from that done during the night. Dea con (de'kn), v. t. To read out each line of & hymn before it is sung: a custom formerly followed by the New England Congregational churches, in which it devolved upon a deacon to line out or read aloud each line of the hymn, the congregation sing- ing the line as soon as read. [Colloq.] Dead (d5d), a. (Painting.) Applied (a) to a*color that has no gloss upon it; (6) to a color that is not bright, such as gray. —Dead-beat or dead escapement (Clock-work), a peculiar kind of escapement, in- vented by Graham about 1770.—Dead-alive, 6r dead and ah've, dull; inactive; nfoping. [Colloq.]— Dead lock, a lock which has no spring or catch.— Dead men, (a) bottles emptied at a banquet, carouse, etc. [Colloq.] W. Irving, (b) (Naut.) The reef or gasket-ends carelessly left dangling under the yard when the sail is furled instead of being tucked in.—Dead men's shoes [Sc. dead Men's shoon], a. situation or possession formerly occupied by a per- son who has died. Dead (d6d), adv. To a degree approaching death bo as to seem dead; to the last degree; thoroughly totally; entirely; completely. I was tired of reading, and dead sleepy. Dickens. Dead-an gle (d6d//£ng/gl), n. (Fort.) The space* in front of a parapet, which the soldiers within can neither fire upon nor see. Dead-beat (dgd-befor dgd'bgt), n. 1. A dead- beat escapement. See under Dead, a. 2. One who has completely failed in life ; a loaf- er ; one who sponges on others; a sharper. [Slang. U. S.] Dead-bell (dSd'bSl). n, Same as Death-bell. Dead-door (dgd'dOr), n. (Ship-building.) One of the doors fitted to the outside of the quarter-gallery doors, for use in case the latter should be carried away. Dead en er (dSd'n-er), n. A person or thing that deadens, checks, or represses. - Larulor. ch, chain; g, go; j, job; ng, sing ; ttr. Men \ th, tfcin ; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure ; oo, food; oi, oil; on,pound, " OXthis page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor ceste^'s Unabridged Dictionaries.DEAD-FILE €taad«file (dSd'fll), n,. A file whose cats are so close and fine that its operations are practically noise- less. DeadL-flat (dSd'fiat), ». (Shipbuilding.) The name of a midship bend. D«e.d-groundrtdgd'ground), n. 1. {Fort.) Same as Dead-angle (which see). 2. (Mining.) The portion of a vein which is des- titute of ore. Dead-head. (dgd'hgd), n. 1. (Founding.) The extra length of metal given to a cast gun. 2* (Naut.) A rough block of wood used as an anchor buoy. Dead-lieat (dgd'hSt), n. A race in which the run- ners come all to the winniog post at the same time! Dead-hedge (dgd'hgj), n. A hedge made with the prunings of trees, or with the tops of old hedges which have been cut down. Dead-horse (dSd'hors), n. Work, the wages of which have been paid before it is executed.—TopuH the dead-horse, to work for wages already paid. [Trade Slang.] Dead-house (dgd'hous), n. An apartment in a hospital or other institution where dead bodies are kept for a time in order to.be indeutified and claimed by friends; a morgue. Dead-latch (dgd'lfich), n. A latch which is held in ita place by a catch, or whose bolt may be so locked by a detent that it cannot be raised by the latch-key from the outside, nor by the haudle from within. Knight. Dead-line (dgd'lln), n. A line drawn around the inside of a military prison at a certain distance from the wall, which no prisoner can cross without in- curring the penalty of being immediately shot down. Dead-lock (dgd'lfik), ri. See under Dead, a. Deadly-hand ed (dgd^li-hftud'ed), a. Sangui- r nary ; disposed to kill. Shak. Dead ly-llve ly (dSd^li-lIv'li), a. Consisting of a commixture of gloom and liveliness. A deadly-lively air. Dickens. Dead-meat (dgd'mGt), n. The flesh of cattle, sheep, and pigs, slaughtered and ready for the market. Dead-neap (dgd'nSp), n. (Naut.) A low tide. Dead-oil (dgd'oil), n. Coal-tar. Dead-on-end (dfid'on-find), a. (Naut.) A term applied to the wind when it is in direct opposition -to the ship's course. Dead-pale (dgd'pfil), a. Pale as death ; deadly pale. * Tennyson. Dead-pay (dSd'pS), n. (Mil. and Naut.) The con- tinued pay df soldiers and jsaiiors actually dead, but which dishonest officers charged against the state and appropriated. O you commanders That, like me, have no dead-pays. Massinger. Dead-point (dfid7point), n. Same 89 Dead-center. Dead-ripe (dgd'rlp), a. [Dead, completely, and ripe.] Completely ripe; fully matured. Dead-rope (dgd'rOp), n. (Naut.) A rope that does not run in any block nor over any pulley. Deads (dgdz), n. pi. (Mining.) (a) Places in which there is no ore ; dead-ground, (b) The substances by which the ore is inclosed on every side. Dead-sea Ap pie (dgd'sS Sp'pl), n. A commer- cial term applied to the Bussorah or Mecca gall, much used in medicine as an astringent, and also for making black dye, ink, etc. It is produced by a species of gall-fly on the oak of the district. Dead-sheave (dSd'shSv), n. (Naut.) A scored aperture in the heel of a top-mast, through which a second top-tackle can be rove. Dead-shoar ) (dSd'shOr), n. A piece of wood built Dead-shore > up vertically in a wall which has i been broken through. Dead's-part (dgdz'pftrt), n. (Scots Law.) That part of a man's movable succession which he is en- titled to dispose of by testament, or what remains of the movables over and above what is due to the wife and children. * Dead-stand (dgd'stfind), ». 1. A dilemma ; a fix. Howell. 2* A determined opposition ; as, he made a dead- stand against that course. Dead-thraw (d6d'thr§),». The death-throe; the last agony. [Scotch.! Dead-wall (dfid'w&l), n. A blank wall without win- dows or openings. A Dead-weight (dgd'wfit), ». 1. A heavy or pressive burden; a clog i that which impedes pro- gress. Comhill Mag. 2. ' A name given to an advance by the Bank of England to the government on account of half-pay and pensions to retired officers of the army or navy. 3. (Naut.) The lading of a vessel when it con- gists of heavy goods; that part of the cargo, as coal, iron, etc., which pays freight according to its weight, and not to its bulk. Dead-well (dSd'wel), n. Same as Absorbing Well. Deaf-dumb ness (dSf'dfim'nes), ». Dumbness or aphony arising from deafness, congenital or occur- ' ring during infancy. Deaf-nut (dgf'nfit ), n. 1. A nut of which the ker- nel is decayed. Hence— 2. Anything on which expectations nave been founded which turns out worthless. [Colloq.] Deal-fish (dgl'fTsh),n. [From its resemblance a board.] Traehypterus (Bogmarus) arctic us, a fish occasionally found on the coasts of Orkney and Shetland. 242 Deal lng (dgl'ing), ». 1. Practice; action; con- duct ; behavior. Hooker. 2. Conduct in relation to others; treatment. 3* Intercourse in buying and selling; traffic; business; negotiation. 4. Intercourse of business or friendship; con- cern. 6. The act of distributing anything, as cards. Deal-tree (dei'trg), n. The fir-tree, so called be- cause deals are commonly made from it. Deal-wine (dgl'wln), n. Same as Dele-wine. Dean (d6n), n. 1. A frequent element in place- names in Great Britain; as, Hazeldean. It is a form of den, dene. 2. (Eccl.) In England, in respect of their dif- ferences of office, deans are of six kinds: (a) Deans of chapters, (6) Deans of peculiars, (c) Rural deans, (d) Zfeans in the colleges of the universities, (e) Honorary deans, (/) Dean of the province of Can- terbury. Dean's-stall (dSnz'st^l), n. (Eccl.) The front or foremost stall placed on the right or south side of the choir or chancel in a church. Dear (dgr), a. tDangerous; dire; deadly. 'Our dear peril.* ' Shak. Dear (dgr), adv. 1* Dearly; very tenderly. 2* At a dear rate. If thou attempt it, it will cost thee dear. Shak. Dearth (dgrth), n. See Debth. De ar tic u la tlon (de/ar-tlk/u-lfl"shun),n. Same as Abarticulation. [R.] Dea sll (dg'shCl), it, [Gael.] Motion from east to west, according to the course of the,6un. Various- ly spelled Deasoil, Deisheal. [Scotch.] Death (dSth), n. Anything dreadful as death. It was death to them to think of entertaining such doctrines. Atterbnry. Death-a-cold (dgth'a-kOld), a. and adv. Cold-as death ; deadly cold. [Colloq. J Hawthorne. Deatli-ag o ny (deth//Sg/o-ni), ». Death-strug- gle ; the agony or struggle which immediately pre- cedes deatb. Death-bed (dgth'bgd ), n.—Death-bed expenses (Scots Law), expenses connected with a person's last sickness. Death-bell (dgth'bgl), ». A sound in the ears, like that of a tolling bell, supposed by the Scottish peas- antry to announce the death of a friend. Death-blow (dgth'blO), n. 1* A blow causing death ; a mortal blow. Tennyson. 2* Anything which extinguishes hope, or blights one's prospects. Death-cord (dgth'kord), ». A rope for hanging; the gallows rope. J. Baillie. Death-Are (dgth'flr), n. A luminous appearance or flame, as the ignis fatuus, supposed to presage death. The death-fires danced at night. Coleridge. Death I fy (dSth'i-fl), v. t. To make dead ;. to kill*. [R.] Coleridge. Death 1 ness (dgth'i-nes), n. The quality of pro- ducing death ; an atmosphere of death. [R.J Southey. Death less (dCth'les), a. Unquenchable. Aytoun. Death like (dgth'llk), a. Resembling death. Death ly (dSth'li), adv. So as to resemble a dead person. Deathly pale. Dickens. Death-pale (dgth'pM;, a. Exhibiting the pallor of death * deadly pale. I beheld him in my dreams Death-pale. Tennyson. Death-rate (dgth'rat), n. The proportion of deaths among the inhabitants of a town, country, etc. Death-rattle (dgth^rflt'tl), n. A rattling fre- quently heard in the throat of a dying person. Death-ruck le (dgth"r&k'l), n. Death-rattle. [Scotch.] Death's-door (dgths'dOr), n. A near approach to death ; the gates of death. Death's-head (dgths'hgd), n. The skull of a hu- man skeleton, or a figure or painting representing one. * Death-sough (dgth'such), n. The last heavy breathings or sighings of a dying person. [Scotch.] Death-strug gle (d6th//8trfig>gl), n. Same as Death-agony. Death-throe (dgth'thrO), n. The pain which ac- companies death. Death-wouud (dSth'wOnd or wound), n. 1* A wound causing death. 2. (Mar. Law.) A term for the starting of a butt- end, or springing a fatal leak. Smyth. Death y (detb'i), a. Pertaining to or characteristic of death. [R.l Southey. De based (de-bast'), p. a. (Her.) Applied to any- thing turned over or downward from its proper po- sition or use. De bauch (de-bach), v.i. To revel; to riot. Youfig. I»e beige ) (de-Mzh'), ». [Fr.] A fabric for dress- De bage ) es, resembling alpaca, and consisting of a cotton warp filled in with wool, which is colored before it is woven. De bent ure (de-b5nt'Qr), n. Specifically, a deed or mortgage charging certain property with the re- payment of money lent by a person therein named, and with interest on the sum lent at a given rate. De bll i tant (de-btl'i-tant), n. (Med.) A remedy exhibited for the purpose of reducing excitement. Deb o naire (dSb'o-n&r")! n. Same as Debonair. E. B. Browning. DECIDUA D6 bride ment (da-brgd-mSfi), n. [Fr. debridet. to unbridle.] (Surg.) An unbridling; the enlarge- ment of gunshot wounds by cutting one or all the parts implicated, as the skin, the muscles, etc. De bruised (dS-brflzd'), a. (Her.) An epithet ap- plied to an animal which seems restrained or de- barred its freedom by having any one of the ordi- naries laid over it. ^ De bus cope (dg'bus-kOp or dSb'u-skOp), n. [From Debus, the name of a French optician who invented it, and Gr. a-Kondw, to view.] An instrument allied to the kaleidoscope, and of which it is a modifica- tion, consisting of two plates coated with silver, and highly polished, situated at an angle of about 60° with each other. When it is placed before a pic- ture, small colored designs, etc., their reflected im- ages display very beautiful representations. Dtf bd tante (dft-bfi-t6nt or da-bu-t&nt), n. [Fr.] A woman appearing for the first time before the pub- lio; specifically, a female performer in a theater making bar first appearance. Dec a- (dfik'a). A prefix from the Gr. dcica, signify- ing ten. De ca dent (de-kB'dent), a. [Probably formed on the analogy of decadence.] Decaying; declining; deteriorating; falling off. Decagonal (de-kfig'o-nal), a. Of or belonging to a decagon; having.ten sides. Dec a gyn (dgk'a-jin), n. [Gr. Sena, ten, and yvvi[, a female.] (Bot.) A plant having ten pistils. De cais ne a (de-ka;ne-a or de-kas'ne-a), n. [After Decaisne, a French botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Lardizabalaceas, discovered on the Himalayas, 7000 feet above the sea, remarkable as the only member of the order not a climber. . De cal ci fi ca tion (de-kfU'si-fi-ka^shun), n. The removal of calcareous matter, as from bones; spe- cifically (Dentistry), the removal of the hardening element of the teeth by chemical influence. S>e cal cl fy (dS-kSl'sl-fl), v. t. [Lat. de, priv.,and calx, calcis, lime, chalk.j To deprive of lime, as bones of their hardening matter, so as to reduce them to gelatine. See Decalcification. j{ 3>e cal CO ma ni a (de-kSFko-ma^ni-a), n. [Fr/ decalcomanie, from decalquer, to counter-trace, and Gr. (lavia, madness.] The art or process of trans- ferring pictures to marble, porcelain, glass, or wood, and the like. Written also Decalcomanie. \ De cal 1 ter (de-kSt'i-ter or dCk^a-H'ter], ». [Gr. fioca,ten, and Fr. litre.~\ (Metric System.) A French measure of capacity, containing ten liters, or 610-27 cubic inches, equal to 2£ imperfal gallons nearly. Written also Decalitre. De can der (de-kfin'der), h. [Gr. Seiea, ten, and apijp, a male.] (Bot.) A plant having ten stamens. | De cane (de-kto'), n. (Chem.) (C]0H22.) A hydro- carbon of amyl (C5H11), and the only form in which this radical can be made to exist in the free state. { Dec a pod (dgk'a-pOd), a. Having ten feet; be- longing to the Decapod a. \ De cap o da (de-kSp'o-da), n. pi. (ZoOl.) (a) The highest order of crustaceans, so called from having five pairs of legs, (b) One of the two divisions of the dibranchiate cuttle-fishes (the other being the Octopoda). 1 De car bu rl za tion (de-k&i^bu-ri-zfi^shun), n. Decarbonization; the process of depriving of car- bon ; as, the decarburization of cast iron. ^ De car bu rlze (de-kftr'bu-rlz), v. t. To decar- bonize ; to deprive of carbon. ' De card, f (de-k&rd'), v. t. To discard. You have....decarded. them. Fletcher. Dec as ter ) (dgk'as-ter or de-kSs'ter), n. [Fr. decat Dek as ter ) ten, and stere, a stere.] (Metrio System.) A cubic measure equal to 10 steres, or 10 " cubic meters. Written also Decastere. .< Dec a style (dek'a-stTl), a. Having ten columns; ' ornamented with ten columns; as, a decastyle porti- co or colonnade. ^ De cay a ble (de-ka'a-bl), a. Capable of decay. [R.] Adams. Decern berly (de-sgm'ber-li), a. Resembling December ; hence, chilly, gloomy, and cheerless. ** * Sterne. Decentlsh (dS'8§nt-ish), a. Somewhat decent; of a fairly good kind or quality; passable. [Colloq.] Ne've decenti8h wine. R. H. Barham. De cen tral i za tion (de-sSn'tral-i-za^shun), n. The act of distributing what has been centralized or brought to a common center; specifically (Politics), the act oc process of decentralizing. . ^ De cen tral ize (de-sSn'tral-Iz), r. t. To distrib- ute what has been centralized; to perform the act of decentralization upon. ^ De cep tive (de-sgp'tlv), a. — Deceptive cadence (Mu8.), the close of a phrase on any other chord than that of the tonic preceded by that of the doiiui- nant. -i De cep tlv i ty (dS/sep-tTv//i-ti), n. A thing which deceives ; a sham. [R.] Carlyle. De cern i ture (de-sdrn'i-tflr), n. (Scot® Law.) A decree or sentence of a oourt; as, he resolved to appeal against the decerniture of the judge. De cerp t (de-serp'); v. t. [Lat. decerpo% to pluck off.] To pluck off; to crop. De cid ing ly (de-sld'ing-li), adv. Jn a deciding manner; decidedly. Browne. De cid u a (de-sld'fl-a), n. [For decidua membra- na, the membrane that falls off.T (Physiol.) A membrane arising from alteration of the upper lay- Notation : ft, 6,1, 0, A, long; &, 8,1, 6, fi, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, f»U, f»st, cftre; her, mOve, or; b\jll, tt, Fr.; f», Fr., ton; r* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DECIDUATE ©r of the rpucous membrane of fbe uterus, after the reception into the latter of the impregnated ovum, the name being given to it because il is discharged at parturition. De eld u ate (de-sTd'tl-at), a. A term applied to those mammals, as Man, the Quadrumana, Carnivo- re, Insectivora. Cheiroptera, and Rodent.ia, which throw off a decidua after parturition ; or to thepla- ' centa of such animals. Dec i ma (des'i-ma) ) ». (Mus.) An interval of ten Dec i ml (dSa'i-ml) £ diatonic degrees, as from 0 to E, or third above the octave. Oec 1 mal ism (des'i-mal-Izm), n. The decimal theory or system as applied to currency, weights, measures, etc: Decimally (dgs'i-mal-li), adv. In accordance with the decimal system; by means of decimals; by tens. Decline (da-sSm), n. [From Lat. decimus, tenth.] A French copper coin, the tenth of a franc, worth nearly Id. sterling or 2 cents. Dec 1 mo (dgs'i-mo), n, 1. The tenth part of the Chilian peso, worth half a franc, or rather more than 9$ cents. ) 2. The tenth part of the Venezolano, worth 46 centimes or 9 cents. ) 3. The tenth part of the peso of the United States of Colombia. It weighs 2-500 grammes of silver, -835 fine. Dec 1 mole (dSs'j-mGl), n, (Ifua.) A group of ten notes, marked 410' over the top, and played in the time of eight or four. De clp 1 itm (de-sfp'i-um), n. [Lat. decipio, to de- ceive.] A name given to a new metal said to have been discovered by Delafontaine in samarskite. It is allied to cerium, and is thought to be white and to yield colorless salts. Greene. Dec is ter (dSs'is-ter or de-sTs'ter), n. [Fr. deci, a tenth, and stere.] (Metric System.) A cubio meas- ure equal to the tenth part of a stere, or 3*531714 cu bic feet. De cit I asen ize (de-slt'i-zen-lz), v. t. To deprive , one of the rights and privileges of citizenship. Ediv. Bates. De civ 11 lze (de-slv'il-lz), v. t. To reduce from a civilized to a wild or savage state. Blackwood^s Mhg. Deck f (dSk), v. t. [Perhaps a form of dag, to be- dew. J To bedew. V When I have deck'd the sea with drops full salt. Shale. Deck (d§k), n.—To clear the decks, to prepare a ship , for action.—To sweep the decks, to take off or carry j away all the stakes on a card table; hence, gener- ally, to gain everything. Deck-beam (d6k'b6m), n. (.Mauf.) A strong trans- verse piece of timber stretching across a ship from aide to side, in order to support the deck and retain the sides at their proper distance. Deck-car go (dgk^kar'gO), In. Cargo stowed on Deck-load (dgk'lOd), J the deck of a vessel. Decked (dSkt), p. a. 1« Furnished with a deck; as, a three-decked ship. 2. (Her.) A term applied to an eagle or other bird when the feathers are trimmed at the edges with a small line of another color.—Decked boat, a covered boat, with a hold or cabin sheltered from the weather. Deck-hand (dSk'hilnd), n. (Naut.) A person en- gaged on board a ship, but whose duties are con- fined to the deck, he being ujafit for the work of a seaman properly so called. Deck-hook (dSk'hftk), n. The compass-timber > bolted horizontally athwart a ship's bow, connecting ' the stem, timbers, and deck-planks of the fore-part. Deck ing (dgk'iug), n. 1. The act of adorning. ^ 2. Ornament; embellishment. 1 No decking sets forth anything so much as affection. - Sir P. Sidney. Deckle (d8k'l), n. (Paper-making.) (a) A thin frame of wood fitting on the shallow mold in which (the paper pulp is placed, and serving to regulate I the width of the sheet, (b) The rough or raw edge of paper. Deck-load (dfik'lOd), n. Same as Deck-cargo. Deck-pas sage (dok//p2s'aj), n. A passage on the deck of a vessel. Deck-pas sen ger (d?k'/p&s'en-jer), n. (Naut.) i A passenger who remains on the deck of a vessel, and is not privileged to go below, or if so only to a I cabin of an inferior description; a steerage passen- ' ger. <&•- •• Deck-pipe (cTSk'pTp), n. (Naut.) An iron pipe s through-which the cbain-cable is paid into the chain- ; locker. ^ Deck-pump XdSk'p&mp), n. (Naut.) A pump in a ship for the purpose of cleaning, etc. In steam ' vessels, when the engine is going, these pumps can j be connected to it, and thus worked for the purpose of supplying the boiler with water, etc. Deck-sheet (dSk'shet), «. (Naut.) The sheet of s a studding-sail leading directly to the deck, by J which it is steadied until set. Deck-stop per (dek"stfip/er),n. (Naut.) A strong .stopper used for securing the cable forward of ' the capstan or windlass while it is overhauled. De clare (de-klftr'), v. i.—To declare off, to refuse I lo co-operate in any undertaking; to break off from ' one's party engagements, etc. ~ (> Dec 11 nal (d£k'li-nal or de^klTn'al), a. 1. ' Bend- ing downward ; declining. 2. , (-Oeol.) Applied to the downward slope of 'strata from an axis. - 243 Dec 11 nant (dSk'li-nant), \ a. (Her.) Terms ap- Dec li vant (dgk'li-vant),) plied to the 6erpent, borne with the tail straight downward. De clin er (de-klln'er), ». (Dialing.) The name given to a dial which cuts either the plane of the prime vertical circle or the plane of the horizon obliquely. Called alsoa Declining Dial. D a. (Her.) Uncoupled; parted or severed ; as, a chevron decouple. De coy-bird (de-koi'b^rd), n. 1. A bird em- ployed to lure others into a net or situation to be taken. 2. A person employed to decoy persons into some snare. [Colloq.] Dec re ment (dek're-meut), n.—Equal decrement of life, a phrase employed in the doctrine of annui- ties, signifying that of a given number of lives there should be an equal annual decrease within a given period of years. De ere tal (de-kre'tal), n. (R. Cath. Ch.) A term used collectively for the Papal decrees, including edicts, rescripts, mandates, decrees, etc. The de- cretals form the second part of the canon law. Staunton. De cu bi tus (de-ktt'bi-tus), n. [Lat. de, and cubi- tus, lying.] (Med.) The attitude of a sick person in bed. Dec u man (dek'u-man), a. [Lat. decumanus for decinuinus, from decimus, tenth, from decern, ten.] (Rom. Mil. Antiq.) A term applied to a gate of the Roman camp near which the tenth cohorts of the legions were encamped. The decuman gate was the principal entrance to the camp, and was that farthest from the enemy. Dec li man (dCk'u-mau),) o. [Lat. decumanus, Dec u mane (dC'k'u-mSn), ) dec.imanus, of or per- taining to the tenth, from decern, ten.] Tenth; hence, from the ancient notion that every tenth wnve was the largest in a series, large ; immense. Sometimes substantively used for the tenth or largest wave. 'The baffled decumanS [Poet, and R.] J. R. Lowell. De cursive (de-kfcr'slv), a. (Bot.) Applied to leaves which rua down the stem, attached by their middle nerve only. Decussative (de-kfis'a-tTv), a. Decussating; crossing at an acute angle so as to decussate. De cus so ri um (dO'kus-sO//ri-um), n. [Lat. de- cusao, to divide. | (Surg.) An instrument for de- pressing the dura-mater after trephining. De da 11 an (de-da^i-an), a. Same as Daedalian. DEFEAT Ded i ca tion-day (dgd'i-ka^shun-da), ) n. An} Ded 1 ca tion-feast (dSd'i-ka^shun-fSst), J annu-^ al festival commemorating the consecration of a church. Termed also a Revel or Wake. Ded 1 ca ture (dSd'i-ka-tOr), n. Dedication. E. B. Browning/) De donb le ment (de-d&iybl-ment), n. [Lat. de,1 and Eng. doublement.'] (Bot.) The separation of, a lamina from one part of an organ, so us to form a scale, or a doubling of the organ ; chorisis. | Ded o la tlon (ded'o-ia'^shun or de'do-ia^shun), n. [Lat. dedolo, dedolatum, to hew away—de, from, and dolare, to chip with an ax.] (Surg.) A term some- times used by surgeons to express the action by which a cutting instrument divides obliquely any part of the body, producing ft wound accompanied by loss of substance. De duct 1 ble (de-dfikt'I-bl), a. 1* That may be deducted or separated; capable of being with- drawn or subtracted. 2. Deducible; inferrible; capable of being de- duced. De duct Ive (de-dukt'iv), a.—Deductive reasoning, the process of scientific inquiry by which we pursue laws into their remote consequences, or the process of deriving necessary consequences from admitted or established premises, as distinguished from in- ductive reasoning, by which we arrive at general laws or axioms by an accumulation of facts. , De du pli ca tlon (de-diTpli-ka^shun), n. Same as Dedoublement (which see). ! De duytt (de-dwgtOi n. [O. Fr. deduit.] Amuse- ment; pleasure. Chaucer. Dee (dS), v. i. To die. [Scotch.] Deed ful (dgd'ful),®. Characterized or marked by deeds or exploits ; full of deeds; stirring. 4 A deed- ful life.' [R.] Tennyson. Deed 1 ly (dSd'i-li), adv. In a deedy manner ; act- ively; busily; industriously. [R.] Miss Austen. Deep ^browed (dgp'broud), a. Having a brow of great depth, or great extent perpendicularly; hence, of large mental endowment; of great intellectual capacity. Oft of one wide expanse had I been told, That deep-brow'd Homer ruled as his demesne. Keats. Deep-domed (dSp'dOmd), a. Having a lofty dome or vault; deep here corresponds to the Latin altus. The deep-domed empyrean. Tennyson. Deep-mourning (dgp^mOrn'ing), ». Indress% full or complete mourning. Deep-mouthed (dgp'moutbd), a. Having a sono- rous, loud, hollow voice; as, a deep-mouthed dog. Byron. Deep-sea (dSp'sS), a. Relating or belonging to the deeper parts of the ocean, the parts deeper than 20 fathoms ; as, the deep-sea lead ; deep-sea dredging.— Deep-sea lead or line (Naut.), a line with a mark or knot at every 10 fathoms, and a smaller mark at the middle of each interval, carrying a lead at the bot- tom of which is a ooat of white tallow, to bring up distinguishing objects from the bottom, such as shells, ooze, vegetation, etc. In more modern forms the line can be slipped from the lead when it reaches the bottom, and the character of the ground determined by quills which have been driven into the soil by the weight of the lead. Deep-thought ed (dgp^thgt'ed), n. Having deep thoughts. Mrs Browning. Deep»waist (dgp'wast), n. (Naut.) (a) The part of the open skids between the main and fore drifts in a man-of-war. (b) The remaining part of a ship's deck when the quarter-deck and forecastle are very much elevated above the level of the main-deck.- Deer (der), n. + Any wild quadruped. 'Rats and mice and such small deer.' Shak. Deer-berry (dSr^bSr'i), n. (Bot.) (a) An English name for the plant Oaultheriaprocumbens. (b) An American name for the shrub Vaccinium stamineum. Deer-fold (dSr'fOld), n. A fold or park for deer. Deer-grass (der'gras),n. (Bot.) Rhexla, a genus of plants, nat. order Melastomace®, the species of which are low perennial, often bristly, herbs. Called also Meadow-beauty. Deer-liair (dgr'h&r), n. Heath club-rush (Scirpus cespitosus. ) Deer-mouse (dGr'mous), n. (ZoOl.) The common name of the animals belonging to the genus Merio- nes, an American genus of rodent animals allied to the mice and the jerboas of the Old World. Deer-skin (dfir'skln), n. Leather made from the skin of a deer ; also the skin itself. Dees (das), n. pi. Dice. 4 To play at dees.1 Chaucer. De fail t (de-fai'Jj v. t. or i. To faiLor cause to fail. Machin. De fal cate (de-fal'kSt), v. i. To commit defalca-. tion or embezzlement. Del"al ca tor (dfif^al-kat'er), n. An embezzler; a defaulter ; one who abstracts money entrusted to his charge ; one whose accounts, when doing busi- ness for others, show a fraudulent deficiency. \ De famed (de-famd')..P* a. (Her.) Applied to an animal, as the-lion, which has lost its tail. i Default (de-falt'), n—Judgment by default, a judgment entered against a defendant who has permitted an action to be called without appearing or answering; in such circumstances the defendant is said to suffer default. De feat f (de-fgt7), v. t. [Contr. for defeature.J To alter the features or appearance of ; to disguiBe. / Defeat thy favor with a usurped beard. Shald ch, c/iain ; -w g, go • j, Job ; ng, sing; fh, tfien : th, thiu; w, wig J wh, whig; zh, a^ure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DEFEATURE De feat ure (de-fg tQr), v./. Lljat- PriyM and Eng. feature.) To change the features of ; to dis- figure ; to misrepresent. [R.] k Features, when de- featured in the way I have described.' De Quincey. JDef e cate (,d6f e-kat), v• t. To cause to void ex- crement ; to purge. Def e ca tion (dgfe-ka^shun), n. The act of dis- charging the faeces ; the act of evacuating the bow- els. {Fig.) Moral purification from what is gross or low. A defecation of the faculties. Jer. Taylor. Defe ca tor (dgf'e-kSt'er), ». He who or that which cleanses or purifies. De feet t (de-fekt), v. t. To affect injuriously; to hurt; to injure. k None can my life defect.' Trouble of Q. Elisabeth, 1639. Defectloust (de-fSk'shtis), a. Having defects; defective ; imperfect; faulty. 4 A defections piece [of writing].' Sir P. Sidney. De fend er (de-fSnd'er), n.—Defender of the. Faith, a title peculiar to the kings of England, first con- ferred by Pope Leo X. on Henry VIII. in 1521, as a reward for writing against Luther, and used by the kings of England ever since. Defense Hde-fSns'), n.—Line of defense, a con- De fence J tinuous fortified line or succession of fortified points.—To be in a posture of defense, to be prepared to resist an enemy with all the means of defense in our power. De fen sion f (de-ffin'shun), n. Act of defending; defense. Chaucer. De fen slve (de-fSn'sTv), a. .Defensive allegation (Eng. Law.), the mode of propounding circum- stances of defense by a defendant in the spiritual courts, to Which he is entitled to the plaintiff's an- swer upon oath, and may thence proceed to proofs . as well as his antagonist. De fen sor (de-f6n ser , w. 1. (Eccl.) An official who has the management of the temporal business of a church ; a supporter or patron of- a church. 2* (Law.) One who pleads the cause of another in court,; a guardian ; one who defends ; a protect- or. Defervescence (d^fer-vga^'ens or dSf'er-vSs^ ens), n. (Med.) The abatement or decrease of fe- ver or feverish symptoms. Written also Deferves- cency. * We must be content to mark time and watch grate- fully the process of defervescence, which is proceeding satisfactorily. London Times. De fl ant ness (de-fl'ant-nes), n. The state or quality of being defiant: defiance. He answered,.not raising his voice, bufc speaking with quiet defiant ness. George Eliot. De fi antly (de-fl'ant-li), adv. In a defiant man- ner ; with defiance ; daringly ; insolently. De fi bri nate (de-fl'bri-nat), v. t. To defibrinize. • [Recent.] De tt brl na tlon (de-fT'bri-nS"shun), ». Act or process of defibrinizing, or depriving of fibrine. De fi bri nize (de-fl'bri-nlz), v. t. pret. and pp. defibrinized; ppr. defibrinizing. [Lat. de, from, and Eng. fibrine '] To deprive of fibrine ; specifically, to remove Sbrine from fresh blood by whipping It with rods. De III ade (dC'fll-ad" or dgfi-iad"),) t>. t. pret. and De file (de-fll), - J pp. defilad- ed; ppr. defilading. [Fr. defilade, from de filer. (Fort.) To erect defensive works, as ramparts, around a fortification, so as to protect the interior when in danger of being commanded by guns placed on some higher point; as, to defilade an exposed side. De fil ad Ing (d5'fll-ad//ing or dSfi-]fld"ing\ n. (Fort.) That branch of fortifi^ition, the object of which is to determine (when the intended work would be commanded by eminences within the range of fire-arms) the directions or heights of the lines of rampart or parapet, so that the interior of the work may not be incommoded by a fire directed to it from such eminences. De fil I a tion (d5-ffl/i-a'',8hun), n. [Lat. de, priv., , and filius, a son. J The abstraction of a child from its parents ; the act of rendering childless. ' Irrepar- able and hopeless defiliations.i> [R.] Lamb. Def 1 nite (d&f'i-nlt), a. (Bot.) (a) Noting a kind of inflorescence terminating in a single flower whose expansion is centrifugal. (.6) Applied to an organ whose parts do not exceed twenty in number.—Defi- nite proportions (Cheni.), the relative quantities in which bodies unite to form compounds. Called also Combining Proportions, Chemical Equivalents, or Equivalent .—Definite term (Logic), a term which defines or marks out a particular class of beings, or a single person, as distinguished from an indefinite term, which does not define or mark out any ob- ject.—Definite inflorescence (Bot.), same as Centrif- ugal inflores( ence. Definition (dSf'i-nTsh//un), w. The quality or power of marking or showing distinctly or clearly the putl'nes or features of any object. 'A small 2£-i&ch nefractor.... the definition of which is su- perb.' Nature. Def i ni tion al (dgfi-nlsh^un-al), a. Of or be- longing to a definition; used for defining; abound- ing in definitions. Def la gra ting (dgf'la-gra-ting), p. a. Burning suddenly ; suddenly consuming.—Deflagrating mix- tures, combustible mixtures, generally made with niter, the oxygen of which is*the active ingredient in promoting their combustion. 244 De fleet ed (dS-flSkt'ed), p. a. 1. Turned aside or deviated from a right line or course. 2. ( Bot.) Bending downward in the form of an arch. De flee tlon (de-flgk'shun), n. 1* (Math.) A term applied to the distance by which a curve departs from another curve, or from a straight line, and al- so to any effect, either of curvature or of discontinu- ous change of direction. 2. (Mech.) The bending of any material exposed to a transverse strain. De flective (de-fiekt'iv), a. Causing deflection or deviation.—Deflective forces (Mech.), those forces which act upon a moving body iu a direction differ- ent from that in which it actually moves, in conse- quence of which it is made to deviate from its course. Deflector (de-flSkt'er), n. (Mach.) The dia- phragm of the furnace of a boiler, by means of which air and gas are deflected and mingled, and time and room to burn given them. De flexed (de-fl£>kstA), p. a. The same as Deflected. De flex ion (de-flSk'shun), n. Same as Deflection. Defloration (d§fio-ra"shun), n. (Med. Juris- prudence.) Sexual intercourse without force or vi- olence, as distinguished from rape ; loss of virgini- ty by sexual connection. De flow er (de-fiou'er), v. t. The same as Deflour. De fo II ate (de-fO'li-at), / a. Deprived or Defoliated (de-Wli-at'ed), ) 'Stripped of leaves; rendered leafless. De for est (de-fOr'est), v. t. To deprive of forests , to clear of forests; to disafforest. 4Deforesting of large areas.' Report of U. S. Commission of Agriculture. Defossionf (de-fQsh'un), n. [Lat. de/odto, de- fossum, to dig down, to bury—de, down, and fodio, fossum, to dig.] The punishment of burying alive. De foul inent (de-foul'ment), n. Defilement. [R.] De fraud (de-fr&d'), v. t. To defeat or frustrate wrongfully. By the duties deserted—by the claims defrauded. Faley. —To defraud the revenue, to evade by any fraudu- lent contrivance the payment of a tax or duty im- posed by the government. De fray al (de-frS'al), n. The act of defraying the expenses of anything ; payment of costs. De ltinc tive t (de-fungk'tiv), o. Of or pertaining to the dead ; funeral. Dejunctive music. Shak. De gen er a tion ist (de-jen er-a^shun-ist), n. A supporter of the theory of degeneration, or the theory that in organized bodies there is a capability of, or a tendency to, a permanent and hereditary degradation of type, developable by circumstances, as well as a tendency to development upwards. De gen er a tion 1st (de-jSn er-a/;shun-ist), a. Belonging to or connected with the. theory that in organized bodies there is a tendency to a perma- nent and hereditary degradation of type. Academy. De glu ti to ry (de-gliTti-to-ri), a. Relating to deglutition; serving for or assisting deglutition; as, deglutitory muscles. Degradation (dgg'ra-d3"shun), n. (Bot.) A change consisting of an abstraction, loss, abortion, or non-development of usual organs. De iiu man Ize (de-hQ'man-Iz), v. t. To deprive of the character of humanity; to deprive of tender- ness or softness at feeling; to lay aside the human qualities of ; to render inhuman ; as, dehumanizing influences. De liy dra tion (dS'hI-dra''8hun), n. (Chem.) The process of freeing a compound from the water con- tained in it. De i am ba (dS/S-3m'/ba), n. Congo tobacco, a plant growing wild in the marshy districts of Con- go, the flowers of which produce a narcotic effect when smoked, and are much used in the locality. Deic tic (dtk'tik), o. [Gr. Seucriko?, serving to show, from SecKtrvfit, to show.] (Logic.) Direct; applied to reasoning which proves directly, and op- posed to elenctic, which proves indirectly, or by the reductio ad absurdum. Whately. Deil (del), n. [Scotch.] A wicked, mischievous, or troublesome fellow. They're a' run deils or jads thegither. Burns. —The deil gaes o'er Jock Wabster, a phrase used to signify that everything goes topsy-turvy; there is the devil to pay. Ramsay.— DeiVs dozen, thirteen. Called alBO Baker's lozen.—DeiVs snuff-box, the common puff-ball. Dein ) (d6n), adv. Very; lit. done; complete. [Ab- Deen ) erdeenshire Scotch.] What tho' fowk say that I can preach Nay that dein ill. Skinner. Dei nac ri da (dl-nSk'ri-da), n.- [Gr. Seivos, terri- ble, and aicpis, a locust.] (Entom.) A genus of the cricket tribe, abundant in New Zealand. Dei nor nis (dl-nor'nis), n. Same as Dinornis. Del no saur (dI'no-s§r), )». A mem- Dei no sau ri an (dl'no-eg/'ri-an), J ber of the order Deinosauria (which see). Written also Dino- saur, Dinosaurian. Dei no sau ri a (dr'no-s^'ri-a), n. [Gr. icivo?, terrible, and aaOpos, a lizard.] (Paleon.) A group of colossal lizards, resembling the pachydermatous mammals in general appearance, but in reality in- termediate between the struthious birds and liz- ards. The majority, as Megalosaurus. which at- DELIRIOUS' tained to 40 feet in length, were carnivorous; Igtttt nod on, however, was herbivorous. They were the land reptiles of the Jurassic, Wealdon, and inferior cretaceous continents. Written also Dinosauria. Dein te f / a. Dainty ; valuable; rare. Deyn te f C Chaucer. De ist ic al ness (de-Tst'ik-al-nes), n. The state of being deistical; deism. [R.] Dejeuner ( dfi-zhyi-na), ». — Dejeuner a la four- chette, lit. breakfast with forks ; a repast in the mid- dle of the day, with meat and wine ; a lunch. Dek a brist (dgk'a-brist), n. [Russian dehaber, December.] A member of a military conspiracy which broke out in St. Petersburg on 26th Decem- ber, 1825, on the accession of the Emperor Nicholas to the throne; specifically, one who suffered death or banishment to Siberia for this conspiracy. Dek a gram (dfik'a-grftin), n. Same as Decagram. De kal i ter (de-Mi'i-ter or d8k/a-ll//ter), n. Same as Decaliter, Decalitre. De kam e ter (de-kSm'e-ter or dSk'a-mS'-'ter), n. Same as Decameter, Decametre. Dek as ter (d5k'as-ter), ) n. Same as Decaster, Dek a stere (d6k/a-st6r), 5 Decastere. Dek le (d6k'l), n. Same as Deckle (which see). Delabecltea (dgl'a-bSsh 'e-a or de-la-bSch'6-a), n. [After Sir H. T. De la Beche, the geologist.] (Bot.) A very peculiar genus of trees, nat. order Sterculi- ace®. 111. pi. 6, Fig. 18. De laine (de-lSn7), n. [Fr. de, of, and laine, Lat. lana, wool.] A muslin made originally of wool, af- terwards more commonly of a mixed fabric, gener- ally of cotton and wool, and used chiefly as a print- ing cloth. De lam I nation (de-l&m'i-nS^shun), n. [Lat. de, from, and lamina, a layer.] The act or process of peeling off or coming away in laminae or scales. Dunman. De lay (de-la;), v. t. f To let pass or slip by through delay. 4 That you not delay the present.' Shak. De lay a ble (de-ia'a-bl), a. Capable of delay or of being delayed. Henry Brooke. De lec tate (de-lgk'tat), v. t. To delight; to please; to render delectable. De lec tus per so nae (de-lgk'tus per-sO'ne), n. [Lat.] (Scots Law.) The choice or selection, either express or presumed, of a particular individual, oa account of some personal qualification. Deleerit) (de-lS'rit), a. Delirious; deruented. Delierit V [Scotch.] Burns. Del e gat ed" (dgF'e-gat'ed), p. a.—Delegated juris- diction (Scots Law), jurisdiction which is communi- cated by a judge to another who acts in his name, called a depute or deputy—contradistinguished from proper jurisdiction. One named by a deputy who has himself the power of deputation is called a sub- stitute. Del es se l*i a (d61/es-s6//ri-a), n. [After Benjamin Delessert, a celebrated French botanical amateur.] (Bet.) Agenusof the Ceramiaceae, or rose-spored algse, containing many beautiful and delicate spe- cies. Del e ter yf (dSlve-t5r/i), w. Anything that destroys • or deletes. 1 The only deletery of heresies.' Jer. Taylor. Del e tive (dSl'e-tlv), a. Fitted to delete; adapted to destroy ; deleting. Evelyn. De li an (dS'li-an), a. Of or pertaining to Delos, a small island in the JEgean Sea, now called Dili.— Delian problem (Math.), the duplication of the cube. Del i berf (dSl'i-ber), v. i. To deliberate. Chaucer. Del i gate (dSl'i-gat), v. t. [Lat. de, and ligo, to bind. J (Surg.) To bandage ; to bind up. De ligbt (de-lItO, v. and n. This is a false spelling of the word. It is the M. Eng. delit, noun ;'delitent verb ; from O. Fr. deliter, earlier deleiter, to delight; whence delit, earner deleit; Lat. delectare, to de- light ; frequentative of delicere, to allure ; Lat. de% fully, and lacere, to allure, of unknown origin. Hence the older English forms delity delite, are more correct. S. Keats. De lift! it (de-llm'it), t). t. [Prefix de, definitive, and limit.'] To limit; to bound; to mark out as a boundary line or limit. [R.] London Time*. De lim it a tion (de-lTm^t-a^shun), n. [Fr. delim- itation.] Limitation; the fixing or settling limits or boundaries. They had had ample time for ascertaining all the facts, and for proposing an exact system of delimita. tion to Parliament. Gladstone. De lin e a ble (de-lin'e-a-bl), a. Capable of being delineated ; liable to be delineated. In either vision-there is something not delineable. Feltham. De lin e a to ry (de-lln'e-a-to-ri), o. Relating to delineation ; delineating; describing; drawing the outline. 4 The delineatory part of his work.' Scott. Deliriant (de-lir'i-ant), n. (Med.) A poison which causes more or less continued delirium. De lir i fa cient (de-llr/i-fa"shent or de-llr'i-fl' - shi-ent), a. [Lat. delirio, to rave, and faoio, far- cienst to make.] Tending to cause or causing de- lirium. De lir i fa cient (de-Hr'i-fa^shent or de-llr'i-fa"- shi-ent), n. (Med.) A substance which tends to produce delirium. De lir i ous (de-llr'i-fis), n. Characterized by, or proceeding from, delirium or wild excitement. • Bacchantes.... sing delirious verses.' Longfellow. IJftTATiOH; fl, 6,1, 0, fi, long} a, 6,1, 5, ti, short; a, o, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, fftll, f^st, ?4re; her, mOve, or; bull, 0, Fr.; ft, Fr., too; ^ On this page will toe found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DELIT De lite [ v. and n. See Delight. Delitescence (dei/i-tCs//ens), >n. (Surg.) The Del i tes cen cy (d€l i-tfis^en-el), ) sudden dis- appearance of Inflammatory symptoms or subsidence of a tumor.—Period of delitescence ( Med.), the peri- od during which certain morbid poisons, as small- pox, lie latent in the system. [ In this sense Incuba- tion is the commoner term.] De liv er (de-liv'er), v. t.—To deliver battle, to de- liver an attack, to give battle ; to attack an enemy. I —To deliver to the wind, to cast away ; to reject. Pope.—To deliver a cargo, to transfer it from the ship into the hands of its owners ; to discharge a . cargo; said of the persons employed in doin& so; as, with all these hands at work, the cargo will be delivered in three days. De liv er ance (de'lfv'er-ans), n. Decision ; judg- ment authoritatively pronounced ; as, to give a de- liverance in a controversy. De liv er ess (de-llv'er-es), n. A female deliverer. [R.J Quart. Rev. Del la Crus ca (dSl'la krfis'ka). [It. dclla, of the, and crusca, bran.] The name of an academy found- ed at Florence in 1582, mainly for promoting the purity of the Italian language. Del la-crus can (ddla-krus-'kau), a. An epithet r.pplie.1 to a school of English poetry started by Eome Englishmen at Florence towards the end of the eighteenth century, whose silly sentimentalities and affec ations created quite a furor iii England for 60 ne time. It was extinguished by the bitter satire of Gifford's Baviad and Mceviad. Del la Hob bi a-ware (d£| la rOb'bi-a-vy&r), n. [Named from Luca delta Robbia, an Italian, who re- vived the art of making this ware in the 15th centu- ry.] (Pottery.) A variety of earthenware made of terra-cotta, to which a metallic color is imparted by the action of fire. De loul (de-lar)» n. [Ar.] A dromedary. Layard. Del phin (dgl'fin), n. A neutral fat found in the oil of several members of the genus Delphinus. Del pliin ap te ra (dtfl'fin-itp'te-ra), n. [Gr. S«?A- a dolphin, and a7rr«pos, unwinged, uufinned—a, priv., and nrtpov, a wing, a fin.] (ZoOl.) A genus of cetaceans, family Delphinidse. Del phi nate (dSl'fl-natX n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of delphinic acid with a base. Del phin ic (del-fln'ik), a. {Chem.) The term ap- plied to an acid discovered by Chevreul, first in dol- phin-oil and afterwards in the ripe berries of the Guelder rose. It is now known to be identical with Del pliin i dae (del-fln't-dC), n. pi. (ZoOl.) The dolphin tribe, a family of cetaceous animals. Along with the dolphin and porpoise it includes many ani- mals which are ordinarily called whales. Del phin in (dgrfin-in or dgl'fin-en), )n. {Chem.) Del pliin i a (del-fln'i-a), ) Avegeta- ble alkaloid discovered in the Delphinium Staphy- sagria. Its taste is bitter and acrid. When heated it melts, but on cooling becomes hard and brittle like resin. It is analogous in its character to vera- trine, and has been used as a substitute for it in nervous affections. Writen also Delphina, Delphia, Delphinine, Delphine. Del phi no rliyn elms (del-fI'no-rIng//kus'), n. [Gr. a dolphin, and pvyxos, a snout.] (Z06I.) A genus of cetaceans, family Delphinid®. Del ta (ddl'ta), n. The name extended to those al- luvial tracts at the mouths of great rivers which, like tho Nile, empty themselves into the sea by two or more diverging branches. Del ta fi ca tlon (del/ta-fl-ka//shun), «. {From delta, and Lat. facio, to make.] The actor process of forming a delta at the mouth of a river. Del tid i um (del-tld'i-um)., r.. [Gr. fie'Ara, and eifios, resemblance.] (ZoOl.) The triangular space between the beak and the hinge-bone of brachio- pod shells. It is usually covered iu by a shelly plate. De lu brum (de-10'brum), n. [Lat. deluoy to wash off- de, off, and luo, to wash.] 1« {Rom. Antiq.) A temple having a basin or, font, where persons coming to sacrifice washed. 2* (Eccl. Arch.) A church furnished with a font. 3. A font or baptismal basin. Del uge (dSl'flj), v. i. To suffer a deluge; to be deluged. De lull dung (de-lOn'dung), n. (Zodl.) The na- tive name of Prionodon gracilis, a pretty quadruped inhabiting Java and Malacca, allied to the civets (VivarridaB), but probably forming a connecting link Between them and the Felid®, being destitute of scent-pouches. It is of slender form, with a long cylindrical tail, and is beautifully spotted. De march (de-m&rk')i n. Same as Deme. De mark (de-mark'), v. t. Same as Demarcation. De ma te ri al ize (de'ma-tC'ri-al-Iz), v. t. To di- vest of material qualities or characteristics; to ren- der immaterial. ' Dematerializing matter by strip- ping it of evjerything which....has distinguished matter.' Milman. Dematiel (dS'mat-i-C'i), n. pi. [From Gr.] (Bot.) A natural order of filamentous molds, grow- imsj on the dry part of plants. ** Deme (dSm), n. [Gr. 6^05, a district. J (Ano. and Mod. Greece.) A subdivision of ancient Attica and of modern Greeoe ; a township. * The eponymous hero of a deme in Attica.1 Qrote. De mean ance f (de-mCn'ans), n. Deportment; demeanor. Skelton. De ment (de-mgnt ), a. [Lat. de, out of, and mens, mentis, the mind.] Demented. Are you dumb as well as dementi J. H. Newman. Demented (de-m8nt'ed), a. Infatuated ; mad ; insane; crazy. De ment ed 11 ess (de-mSnt'ed-nes), n. The state of being demented. De mer it t (de-mCr'it), v. t. To deserve, either in a good or bad sense ; to deserve praise or censure. Dem i cir cle (d5m//i-ser/'kl), n. An instrument for measuring or indicating angles, sometimes used as a substitute for the theodolite. It consists essen- tially of a graduated scale of half a circle and a movable rule pivoted on the center so as to sweep the graduated arc. E. H. Knight. Dem i-Iiag f (dCm^-Mg), n. A fire-arm; a small- er kind of hagbut. Dem i-is land (dem'i-Fland), )n. A peninsula, Dem i-isle. (dem'i-Il), ) Holland. Dem i-jambe f (d<5m'i-j3m), n. A piece of armor covering the front of the leg only. Demi-monde (dgm'i-mOhd or de-m6-m0nd), n. [Fr. demi, half, and montfe, the world, society.] Properly, persons only half acknowleged in society; popularly, disreputable female society; kept mis- tresses ; courtesans who are not public prostitutes. Demi-monde implies not only recognition and a sta- tuft, but a certain social standing. Saturday Rev. —Literary demi-monde, the lowest class or kind of writers. Dem i>na tured (dSm^i-nfl^flrd), a. Having half the nature of another animal. Shah. Dem i-plac cate (dCm"i-plSk/kat), n. [Prefix demi, half, and Gr. n-Aaf, wAa/co?, anything broad, a plate.] The lower part of a breast-plate fastened to the upper by a buckle and strap. Dem i-re vet ment ( dgm'i-re-vGf'ment ), n. {Fort.) That form of retaining wall for the face of a rampart which is only carried up as high as cover exists in front of it, leaving above it the remaining height, in the form of an earthen mound at the nat- ural slope, exposed to, but invulnerable by shot. Demi sang (dem'i-sang), n. [Fr. demi, half, and sang, blood.] {Law.) One who is of half blood. De mise (de-mTz'), v. t. To lease. Demission a ry (de-mlsh'un-a-ri), a. 1. Per- taining to the transfer or conveyance of an estate by lease or will. 2* Degrading; tending to lower or degrade. Dem i-suit (dem'i-sflt) H. A half-suit, as of armor. De mob il 1 za tion ? ( de-m5b'il-iz-a,/shun ), n. Demobilisation) (Mil.) The-act of dis- banding troops; the condition of being demobilized, and not liable to be moved on service. De 1110b i lize ) (de-m5b/il-Tz), v. t. pret. and pp. De mob i lise ) demobilized; ppr. demobilizing. [Lat. de, priv., and Eng. mobilize.] (Mil.) To dis- arm and dismiss troops home ; to disband. Dem o crat (dSm'o-krat), n. A member of the dem- ocratic party in the United States. Dem o cratic (dgm'o-kriWik), a. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of democracy.— Democratic party (Politics.), applied collectively to the mem- bers of that political party of the United States which holds the principles of democracy, or decentrali- ' zation and the autonomy of the states, and is favor- able in the main to the principles of free trade. De mog ra pliy (de-mf)g/ra-fi), n. [Gr. SrjiJios, people, and ypd well as in Scotland as an element in place names; as, Hampden, Clieveden, Hawthornden, Deepdene. De na tion al i za tion (de-n2sh/un-al-iz-a//shun), n. The. act of denationalizing ; the condition of be- ing denationalized. De nat u rate t (de-nStt/il-rat), v. t. To render un- natural ; to denaturalize; to deprive of natural qualities.. Den die u ius (den-dlkru-lus). ». (Arch.) A mem- ber in the Ionian and Corinthian entablatures, oc- curring between the zophorus and corona. Den dral (den'dral), a. Relating to, or consisting of, a tree. 'That dendral child of God, the elm.* [Very R.] H. W. Beecher, Den dras pi dae (den-drils'pi-dS), n. pi. [Gr. SevSpov, a tree,ao-7Tt?, a viper,and elfio?, resemblance. J (ZoOl.} A family of South African snakes, charac- terized by the possession of very long poisonous fangs, perforated and permanently erect. Dendrerpeton (den-drer'pe'-ton), n. [Gr. &4v- bpov, a tree, and epnerov, a reptile, from epnta to creep.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil amphibians. 1 Den drit Ic^den-drlfik), a. (Crystallog.) Markoal by figures resembling shrubs, moss, etc.: said of minerals. The appearance is due to arborescesat crystallization, resembling the frost-work on our windows. The figures generally appear on the sur- faces of fissures, and in joints in rocks, and are at* tributable to the presence of the hydrous oxide OC manganese, which generally assumes 6uch a form. Den drit ic (den-drlt'ik), n. Same as Dendrite. Den dro bi um (den-drfVbi-um), n. [Gr. 5cV5po«^, a tree, and |3i'os, life.]. (Bot.) An extensive genus of epiphytes, dispersed over the whole of the damp tropical parts of Asia ; nat. order OrchidacesB. Den dro cce la (dgnMro-sS^la), w. pi. [Gr. Se^Spor, a tree, and koIAo?, hollow.] A section of Sco:ecida, belonging to the sub-order Planarida. % Den dro co lap ti nse (dgn'dro-kO'lap-tl^nS), ». pi. (Ornith.) A sub-family of American passerine' birds allied to the Certhidse. Den dro dem tine (den"dro-d6n'tin), n. [Gr. &*v- Spoy, a tree, and Eng.* dentine.] A term applied to that modification of the fundamental tissue at the teeth which is produced by the aggregation of many simple teeth into a mass, presenting by the blending- &f the dentiDe, enamel, and cement a dendritic ap- pearance. Den dro dont (dSn'dro-dont), n. [Gr. ScVSpor, tt tree, and ofiov?, oSovto?, a tooth.] (Ftileon.) One of the fossil*family of vertebrates, most probably rep- tiles. Dendrodus (dSn'dro-dus), n. (Paleon.) Tho name provisionally given to a forpil genus of Verte- brates. See Dendrodont. Den drog ra phy (den-drflg'ra-fl), n. [Gr. S«'v- Spov, a tree, and yp, to write ] The same as Den- drology. Den drol o go us (den-drSl'o-gus), a. Relating op belonging to dendrology. S Dene (d6n), ». Old English for dell or valley; used as an ending of place names; as, Deepden?* Ilawthorndene (Isle of Wight), etc. Dene (dSn), n. A hillock ; a form of dune. [R.] Do jneb (dS'neb), n. [Ar.] (Astron.) The hame of a bright star O) in the tail of the Lion. Den guc (dlng'ga), n. [A corruption of Eng. dandy^ the name given to the fever in the West Indies, from the stiff and constrained action it imposed on the limbs; and mistaken by the Spaniards for their word dengue, prudery, which very well al^o agrees with stiffness or constraint. The Spanish term pre- vailed, and became the nameof the disease.] (Med.) A febrile epidemic disease, the symptoms of whieh resemble those that would accompany a mixture of scarlet fever and rheumatism. Called also Bouquet- fever , Bucket-fever. Den i chi (dgn'i-chg), ? n. A Japanese idol with, DchIx (dSn'iks), ) three heads and fortr hands. The heads symbolize the sun, moon, and elements, and the forty hands the bounty of nature. Den i gra tor (dgn^i-gra'ter), n. One who, or that wnich. denigrates or blackens. De mi trate (de-nl'trat), r. t. To set nitric acid free D® liit rl fy (de-nit'ri-fT), v. t. To deprive of niter. * Denitrified sulphuric acid.* ^ Pop. Ency. Denizet (de-nlz'), v. t. To ma£e a denizen, sub- ject, or citizen of ; to naturalize. Strype. De 110m I na tlon al ism (de-nrtm/i-na/'shun-al- I2ra), n. The system of persons separating into different Churqhes or denominations, in accordance with their distinctive religious opinions ; a denom- inational or class spirit; adherence or devotion to a denomination. TrenchJ Ch, c/iftin; , 3i^°b JjrttUttgi Singi._} th, thin; w, wig; ^ wh, whig; zh, aeure; 00, food; oi, oil; Ou, pound./ On. this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. R9. /DENSE bense (dgns), a. 1. Crowded. [R.] The decks were dense with 6tately forma. Tennyson 2* (Bot.) A term applied to a panicle which has an abundance of flowers very close. Dense ly (dSns'li), adv. In a dense manner ; com- pactly. Dense ness (ddns'nes), n. Density. Den shire (dSn'sher), v. t. [Said to be contracted for Devonshire.] To improve land by casting parings of earth, turf, and stubble into heaps, which are burned into ashes for a compost. Wharton. Den sim e ter (den-sIm e-ter), n. [Lat. densus, thick, and Gr. fxzrpov, a measure.] An apparatus for (determining the specific gravity of substances, as liquids, etc. -Dent (dent), n. [Lat. dens, dentis, a tooth.] A man- ufacturer's name for the tooth of a comb, metallic brush, or card: also, a cane or wire of the reed frame of a weaver's loony. -Den tal (denial), a.--Dental formula, an arrange- ment of symbols aud numbers used to signify the number and kinds of teeth of a mammiferous ani- mal, aud usually forming the main element in its generic character. Den tal (den tal), n. One of the Dentalidae. Den tal i dae (den-tal'i-de), n. pi. (Conch.) Tooth- shells, a family of cirrhobranchiate molluscs, con- sisting of a single genus, Dentalium (which see). Den tal i ty (den-tilli-tO, n. The state or quality of being dental: applied to certain consonants. Den ta li um (den-ta'li-um), n. [Lat. dens, a tooth.] (Conch.) A genus of gasteropodous mol- luscs. Den tary (dgn'ta-ri), n. The bone in the lower jnw of fishes and reptiles that supports the teeth. Den tata (den-tH'ta), n. [Lat. toothed (vertebra).] (Anat.) The second vertebra or axis of the neck. Den ta to-cre nate (den-ta'to-krCnat), a. The same as Crenato-dentate. Den tel (den'tel), n. Same as Dentil. Den telle (den-tSl'^, n. [Fr., from Lat. dentlculus, dim. of dens, dentis, a tooth.] Lace; ornamentation resembling lace. Den tex (dihi'teks), n. [Lat. den3, dentis, a tooth.] (Ichth.) A genus of acanthopterygious fishes, fami- ly Sparidae. Den ti fac tor (dfhi"ti-fak'ter), n. [Lat. dens, dentis. a tooth, and/aefor, a maker, fromfado, fac- tum, to make. J A machine for the manufacture of the artificial teeth, gums, and palate used in dental surgery. Den tig er ous (den-tIj'er-Gs),a. [Lat. dens, den- tis, a tooth, and gero, to carry.] Bearing or sup- porting teeth ; supplied with teeth. Den tile (dCn'tll), n. (Conch.) A email tooth or tooth-like process, like that of a saw. Den ti nal (dSn'tin-al), a. Pertaining to the den- tine.— Dentinal tubes, the minute tubes of the den- tine or iiory tissue of the tooth. • Den ti ros tres (d6n/ti-rQs//trSz), n. [Lat. dens, dentis, a tooth, and rostrum,, a beak.] (Ornith.) A sub-order (or tribe) of insessorial birds. Den tis tic (den-tlst"ik), > a. Relating to den- Den tist ic al (den-tist'ik-al),) tistry or a dentist. DpSt to lin glial (den'to-ling"gwal), a. [Lat. dens, a tooth, and lingua, the tongue.] A term ap- plied to a consonant pronounced by applying the tongue to the teeth, or to the gum immediately above them ; linguadental. Den to lingual (d6n'to-IIng//gwtiI), n. A conso- nant pronounced by applying the tongue to the teeth, or to the gum immediately above them; a. linguadental; as, d, t, s. Dent ure (d6n'tflr), n. (Dentistry.) A term applied to one or several artificial teeth, or a whole set (a full denture). Den ty (d6n'tt), a. Dainty. [Scotch.] Denudate (de-nfldat), >a. [Lat.denudatus, De nu dat ed (de-mld'at-ed),- J naked, pp. of de- nudo. ] 1. (Bot.) Appearing naked, as plants when flow- ers appear before the leaves. 2. (Qeol.) Denuded. De nu me ra. tion (de-nfl/me-r3//sbun), n. (Law.) The act of present payment. De nun ci ant. (de-nfin'shi-ant or de-nfin'si-ant), a. Denunciative ; denouncing. Carlyle. De nun ci a tion (de-nun'shi-3"shun or de-nun'si- S"shun), n. (.Scofs Law.) The act by which a per- son who has disobeyed the charge on letters of horn- ing is proclaimed an outlaw. De ny ing ly (de-nl'ing-li), adv. In a manner in- dicating denial. ' ^ How hard you look and how denyinglyt Tenhyson. Deoculate (de-Bk'fl-iat), v. t. [Lat. de, *priv., and ocuius* an eye.] To deprive of eyes or eye- sight ; to blind. [R.] Lamb. De o date (de'o-dat), n. [Lat. Deo datum,, given to God.] A gift or offering to God; a thing offered in the name of God. Hooker. De o dor ant (de-G'der-aut), n. A deodorizer; a disinfectant. De o dor i za tion (de-O'der-i-z^'shun), n. The act or process of correcting or removing any foul or noxious effluvia through chemical or other agen- cy, as by quicklime, chloride ofi lime, etc. ♦ De o per cu late (d^'o-p^r^kii-lat), a. . (Bot.) A term applied to mosses when the operculum does not separate spontaneously from the spore-cases. 246 De ox i dize ment ) (de-Ck'sid-Iz-menc), ». De- De oxidise ment ) oxidation; the chemical process of the abstraction of oxygen. De part ing (de-part ing), n. 1. Departure; a go- ing away. 1 The first departing of the kind.' Shale. 2. t Separation. 4 Like life and death's depart- ing. ' Shak. De part ment al (de-p&rt-mSnt'-al), a. Of orper- tainiug to a department or branch, as of a business, public office, and the like. De part ure (de-part'ur), n. (Naut.) The bearing or position of any object from which a vessel com- mences her dead reckoning. De pend ence (de-pend'ens), n. (Law.) The state of being depending or pending; the state of waiting for decision. De pend ing f (de-pSnd'ing), n. Suspense. B. Jonson. Dep hal (dSp'hal), n. (Bot.) Artocarpus Lakoocha, an Indian tree, of the same genus as the bread-fruit and jack. De plileg ma tor (dS'fleg-ma'/ter), n. A form of condensing apparatus for stills. De plilo gis ti ca tion (de flo-jts/ti-ka//shun), n. A term applied by the older chemists to certain processes by which they imagined that phlogiston was separated from bodies. De phos plior i za tion (de-fSs'for-i-z^shun), n. The act or process of depriving of or freeing from phosphorus. De pla nate (de-pia nat), a. [Lat. de, aud planare, to make level, from planus, flat, level.] (Bot.) Made level or even ; flattened out. De plete (de-plet'), v. t. pret. and pp. depleted; ppr. depleting. [Lat. depleo, depletum% to empty out—de, priv., and pleo, to fill.] 1« To empty, reduce, or exhaust by draining away, as the strength, vital powers, resources, etc.; as, to deplete a country of inhabitants. At no time were the Bank cellars depleted to any alarming extent. Sat. Rev. 2* (Med.) To empty or unload, aa the vessels of the human system, with the view of reducing plethora or inflammation, as by blood-letting or sa- line purgatives. Depletive (de-plSt'Iv), a. Tending to deplete; producing depletion. Wardrop. De pie tive (de-plet'Iv), n. That which depletes ; specifically, any medical agent of depletion. __Wardrop. Dep lol ta tion (d6p/loi-ta"shun), n. [Pr. deploi-. tat ion, from deployer, to dispiay, to disclose.] The improvement of lands by cultivation, the felling^f timber, the working of mines, and similar under- takings; exploitation. De plore (de-plOr'), v. t. 1, fTo despair of; to regard or give up as desperate. Bacon. 2* f To complain of. Shak. De plore (de-plOr'), v. i. To utter lamentations; to lament; to moan. [R.] Qay. De plu mate (de-pltl'mat or d£p'lu-mat), a. Des- titute of feathers; bare of feathers. D<5 port (da-pOr), n. A French stock exchange term, equivalent to our word backwardation. De port uret(de-pOrt'ur),n. Deportment. 'State- ly port and majestical deportureS Speed. De pos it (de-pflz'it), n. (Scots Law.) Same as Depositation.—In deposit or on deposit, given into a person's custody for safe-keeping. De pos I ta. tion (de-p6z'it-a//shun), ,n. (Scots Law.) A contract by which a subject belonging to one person is intrusted to the gratuitous custody of another (called the depositary), to be re-delivered on demand. De pos 1 to ry (de-pQz'it-o-ri), «. A person to whom a thing is intrusted for safe-keeping. [R.] Junius. De pos it-re ceipt (de-pOz'it-re-sgt'), » A note or acknowledgment for money lodged with a banker for a stipulated time, on which a higher rate of in- terest is allowed than on the balance of a current account. Depravef (de-prSvO, v. t. To practice detrac- tion ; to speak slanderously. Shak. De pre ci a tion (de-pr6/shi-a'/shun), n. The act • df undervaluing in estimation; the state of being undervalued; as, given to depreciation of one's friends. Dep re date (dgp're-dat), v. i. To take plunder or prey; to commit waste; as, the troops depredated on the country. Dep re da tion (dgp're-da^shun), n. (Scots Law.) The offense of driving away numbers of cattle or other beasts by the masterful force of armed per- sons; otherwise called Her ship. - De press t (de-prgs'), a. Hollow in the center; con- . cave. 4 If the seal be depress or hollow.' Hammond. De press ant (de-prSs'aut), In. (Med.) A remedi- De press ent (de-pres'ent), ) al agent which re- presses the circulation of the blood and the con- tractility of the heart. De pressed (de-pr6st'),p. a. 1. (J3oO (a) Ap- plied to a leaf which is hollow in the middle, or has the disc .more depressed than the sides: used of succulent leaves, and opposed to convex, (b) Lying flat: said of a radical leaf which lies on the ground. 2. (Her.) Surmounted or debruised. De press ing ly (de-pr&j'ing-li), adv. In a de- pressing manner. De press ive ness (de-prSs'iv-nes), n. The state or quality of being depressive ; depression. Carlyle. DERMIC Depressor (de-prSs'er), n. (Surg.) An ln*tra- ment like a curved «patula used for reducing or pushing into place a protruding part. De prive (de-prlv'), v. t. 1. fTo injure or destroy. „ Reginald Scot. 2* t To prevent; keep off; avert. De pros tratef (de-prOs'trat), a. [Prefix de, in- tens., and prostrate.] Extremely prostrate; very low ; mean. o. Fletcher. De pu di cate (de-pfl'di-kat), v. t. [Lat. depudico, from de, not, and pudicus, modest.] To ravish • to violate; to deflower. [Obs. or R.j ' Dep^u rant (d6p'u-rant), n. (Med.) A medicine sup'posed to possess the property of cleansing the blood from impurities. Dep u ra to ry (dep'fl-ra-to-ri),®.—Depuratory dis- ease (Med.), a disease capable of modifying the con- stitution advantageously by acting on the composi- tion of the fluids. Dep u ta ble (dep'u-ta-bl), a. Capable of being or fit to be deputed. Carlyle. De quace (de-quSs'), v. t. [Lat. de, down, and quatio, to shake.] To shake down. Chaucer. De rail (de-rSl'), v. t. [Lat. de, from, and Eng. rati, as in railway.] To run off the rails. [U. S.T De rail ment (de-rOl'ment), n. The act of a rail- way train or carriage running off the rails. [U. 8.1 Der by (d6r'bi), n. A race for a sweepstakes of fifty sovereigns each, for three-year-old thorough- bred horses, founded in 1780 by the twelfth Earl jf Derby, and run annually at Epsom, Surrey. It is the principal horse-race in England. Der by-day (der'bi-da), n. The day on which the Derby sweepstakes is run, which is the Wednesday before Whitsunday. Der by shire Neck (d^r'bi-shSr n5k), n. A name given to bronchocele, from its frequency in the hilly parts of Derbyshire. Derby sliire Spar (d^r'bi-shSr spar). Same as Fluor-spar and Blue-john. Der ci tis (der-sS'tis), n. [Lat., a Syrian sea-god- dess.] (Paleon.) A ganoid eel-like fish of the chalk formation. Der-do ing f (dSr^da'tag), a. Pertaining to or characterized by derring-do, or gallant feats in arms. Spenser. Deref (dSr), ». Harm; injury. R. Brunne. Dere (dSr), a. 1* tDc&r. 4 My country dere.' . Chaucer. 2* Injurious ; hurtful. [Local Eng.] De reign mentf (de-ran'ment), n. (Law.) Same as Deraignment. De re lig ion ize (dS'.re-ll.f'on-Iz), v. t. To make irreligious: to deprive of religion. [R.] De Quincey. Dere ling f (dealing), n. Darling. Chaucer. De re lin quisli (de/re-llngk//wish), v. t. [From de, and relinquish. J To relinquish; to forsake; to give up; to quit; to abandon. Dere worthf (d6r'w6rth),a. [A. Sax. deorwurthe.] . Precious; valued at a high rate. Chaucer. De reynef (de-ran'), v. t. To darrain. Chaucer. De riv a bly (de-rlv'a-bli), adv. By derivation. Der i vate (der'i-vat), n. [Lat. derivatus, pp. of derivo) derivatum.1 A word derived from another; a derivative. [R.J Der ft vate (dgr'iv-at), a. Derived. *Putting trust in Him from whom the rights of kings are der- ivateS sir H. Taylor. De rive mentf (de-rlv'ment), n. An inference; that which is derived or inferred; a deduction. Der ma lire mal (d^r^ma-he'mal),) a. [Gr. Sep- Der mo liae mal (d6r//mo-h6/mal), J /x a, e k i n. and alfta, blood.] An epithet applied to the ossified developments of the dermo-skeleton in fishes when they form points of attachment for the on the ventral or haemal side of the body. Der mal gi a (der-maj'ji-a),». [Gr. Wp/*a, skin, and aAyos, pain.] (Med.) A painful condition of the skin arising from nervous disease; neuralgia of tha skin. ^ Der ma neural (d6r/ma-nfl"ral), )o. [Gr. top- Der mo neu ral (dGr/mo-ntFral), J §ta, tha skin, and peupop, a nerve.] (Ichth.) A term applied to the upper row of spine9 in the back of a fish. Der map te ra (der-map'ter-a), n. pi. [Gr. $ep- fia, skin, and irrcpov, wing.3 (Entcm.) An order of insects, restricted by Kerby to the earwigs. Der map ter ous (der-mfip'ter-fis). a. Belonging to the order Dermaptera (which see). Der ma tol o gist (d&r/ma-t31"o-jT8t), *. One versed in dermatology. Der mat o phyte (der-mflt'o-fTt),)». [Gr. Dermophyte (dGr'mo-flt), J fiepnaTov, the skin, and vrov, a growth or plant.] A parasitic plant, chiefly of the lowest type of the Cryptogamia, infesting the cuticle and epidermis of men and other animals, and giving rise to various forms of ekin- disease, ring-worm, sycosis, etc. Der mat orhoea (der-mat'o-rg^a), n. [Gr. Stpfia, fc'pftarof, the skin, and pclv, to flow. J (Med.) A mor- bidly increased secretion from the skin. Dermestes (der-mSs'tez), n. [Gr. ficpfia, skin, and c, to eat.] (Entom.) A genus of coleopter- ous insects, the type of the family Dermestidae. Der mes tl dee (der-mgs'ti-de), ». pi. (Entom.) A family of coleopterous insects of the section Ne- crophaga. The principal genera are Dermestes, An- threnus, Megatoma, and Attagenus. Der mlc (d6r;mik), a. Relating to the skin.—Der- mic remedies (Med.)% remedies which act through the akin. , \Notation : —< a, C, 1,0, tU longg, 8,1,5, fl, On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. short;/* a^e, f, o, u, obscure; far, fall, cAre; Mr, mOve, or; tyll, tt, Fr.; ^i>, Fr., ton; " phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-DERMIPTERA Der mip te ra (der-mlp'te-ra), n. pi. Same as Der- . maptera (which see). Der mo bran clii a ta (ddr/mo-brSngk/i-a//ta), n. pi. [Or. 6ep/xa, ekin, and/3payxtai gills-J (ZoOl.) A family of gasteropods, comprising those molluscs which respire by means of external branchiae or gills. Bermog ra pliy (der-mOg'ra-fi), ». Same as Der- matography, Der mo hae mal (d^r'mo-he^mal), a. See Debma- HfflMAL. Der mo has mi a M6r/mo-h6//mi-a), n. [Gr. Sep. Ma, the skin, and alfia, blood.] (Med.) Hyperemia, or congestion of the skin. Bermology (der-mQl'o-ji), ». Same as Derma- tology. Der mo path ic (ddr/mo-p&th"ik), a. Relating to surgical treatment of the skin.—Dermopathio in- strument. Same as Acupuncturator. Der mop te ri (der-mOp'te-rl), )n.pZ[Gr. Der mop te ryg 11 (der-mftp'te-rlj^i-I), J 5e'p^a, skin, with irrepov, and hte'puf, a wing or fin.] (Ichth.) A section of fishes characterized by cutaneous ver- tical fins, with rays extremely soft and delicate, or altogether imperceptible, by the want of peo- toral or ventral fine, and by an unossified endo- skeleton. Der mo scler fte (dfcr'mo-sier"!^, n. [Gr. Sepua, skin, and (tkAtjpos, hard.] A mass of spicules which occurs in tho tissues of some of the Actinozoa Dcfrn(d6ra), n. (Arch.) Same as Dearn. Derne (d6rn), v. t. To hide one's self, as in a hole. [0. Eng. and Scotch.] JET. Miller. Der o ga tion (dgi^o-gft^shun),*!. (Stock Exchange.) A subtraction from, or an alteration of, a contract for a sale of stock. Der ring-do t (ddr'ing-dO), n. Daring deeds; man- hood. Spenser. Der lng-do er t (d6r"ing-d&/er), ». A daring and bold doer. Spenser. Der rin ger (dSr'in-jer), n. [After the inventor, an American gunsmith.] A short-barreled pistol carrying a large ball, very effective at a short range. A recent form of the weapon is made with a single barrel, breech-loading action, weighing in all about 8 ounces, aud carrying a i-ounce ball. Dertbf (d6rth), n. The state or quality of being highly esteemed. Spenser. Der ry (d6r'i). [Ir. dotre, an oak-wood, from dat'r, an oak. j A frequent element in place-names in Ire- land; as, Derry, Derrybrian, Londonderry. De sa tir (de-s&'tir), n. A book which professes to be a collection of the writings of fifteen old Persian prophet*, together with the book of Zoroaster. Some authorities regard it as spurious, and ascribe it to a Parsee who lived in the fourth century of the Hegira. It has been translated into English. Des ave t (de-sSv'), v. t. To deceive. Let not blind fortune so your minds desave. Fairfax* De scend (de-sSnd7), v.<. (Astron.) To move to the southward or toward the south. De scend a ble (de-s6nd'a-bl), a. Capable of de- scending by inheritance; descendible. D4 scend ing (de-s6tid 'ing), p. a. (Her.) A term used for a lion or other animal, the head of which is turned toward the base of the shield. —Descending constellations or signs (Astron.), those through which the planets descend toward the south.— De- scending node, that point in the orbit of a planet at which it crosses the ecliptic when passing from north to south.—Descending series (Math.), a series in which each term is numerically less than that preceding it. De scension (de-sSn shun\«. (Oeol. and Mining.) A term applied to the supposed formation of some veins by the introduction of mineral matter into a Assure from above. De seen slon al (de-sSn'shun-al), a.—Desoension- ai difference (Old Astron.), the difference between the right and oblique descension of the same star or point of the heavens. De seen so rie t (de-sSn'so-rg), ». fTr.] A vessel ^ased in ancient chemistry in which distillation by descent was performed. Chaucer. Des cen so ri am tdgs'en-sO ri-um), n. A vessel -xised for distilling operations. De seen so ry (de-sgn so-ri), n. Same as Descen- irmorium. De scent (de-sSnt'), n.—Descent of bodies (Mech.), their motion or tendency toward the center of the rarth, either directly or obliquely along inclined gplanes or curves. The curve of swiftest descent is tihe cycloid.—Distillation by descent (Old Chem.), a ■node of distillation in which the fire was applied at the top and round the vessel, whose orifice was at (the bottom, by which the vapors were made to dis- ftiJ downward. ®e scribe (de^krlb ), v. i. To represent in words; £o use the faculty of describing. They maoh describe, they nothing prove. Prior. De scrip tive (de-skrlp'tTv), a.—Descriptive anat- omy < the branch of Anatomy which treats of the re- latione and forms of parts, without reference to Iheir textures.—Descriptive at physical geology, that (branch of geology which restricts itself to a consid- eration of facts and appearances as presented in the rocky crust of the earth. De Bert (de-z6rt'). v. t.—To desert the diet (Scots Criminal La to), to abandon proceedings in the par- ticular libel in virtue of which a panel has been jbrought into court. 247 De ser tion (de-z^r'shun), n.—Desertion of the diet (Scots Jazw), the abandoning judicially, in a crimi- nal process, proceedings on the particular libel in virtue of which a panel has been brought into court. De sert rix f (de-zert'riks), n. A female deserter; a deaer trice. De serve (de-z6rv'), v. t. fTo serve: to treat; to benefit. ' A man that hath 60 well deserved me.' Massinger. De ser vlng (de-zerv'ing), n. The act of meriting; desert; merit. t Shak. Des ic ca tor (dgs"i-ka'ter), n. The person who, or thing which, desiccates. Destdiousf (de-sId i-us), a. [DRt. desidiosus, idl_e—de, in tens., and sido, to sit.] Idle; lazy; desid- iose. De sid i ous ness f (de-sld'i-tis-nes), ». Laziness: indolence. N. Bacon. De slgbt ment (de-sit'ment), n. The act of mak- ing unsightly; disfigurement. [R.] London Times. De sign (de-sin' or de-zln'). v. i. fTo set out or start, with a certain destination in view ; to direct one's course. De sign (de-sin' or de-zln'), n.—Schools of design, institutions in which persons are instructed in the arts and in the principles of design for manufactur- ing purposes, and with the view of diffusing a knowl- edge of, and a taste for, the fine arts among the peo- ple generally. Des ig na tion (dSs ig-n3/;shun), n. (Scots Law.) The setting apart of manses and glebes for the cler- gy from the church lands of the parish by the pres- bytery of the bounds. Des ig na to ry (dgs'ig-na-to-ri), a. That desig- nates; designative: indicating; serving to point out. De sign fill (de-sln'fyl or de-zln'fyl), a. Full of design ; designing; scheming; artful. De sign ment f (de-6ln'ment or de-zln'ment), n. Enterprise. Shak. De sil ver (de-sH ver), v. To extract the silver from ; to deprive of silver; as, to desilver lead. De sil ver i za tion > ( de-stl'ver-iz-S' shun ), n. De sil ver i sa tion ) The act or process of de priving lead of the silver present in its ore. De sil ver ixe I (de-sTl'ver-Iz), v. t. To deprive of De sil ver ise j silver, as lead. De sire ful (de-zTr'fgl), o. Eager ; full of desire; solicitous; longing. De sire ful ness (de-zTr'fyl-nes),n. The condition or state of being desireful; eager longing; eager- ness to possess or gain. 1 The desirefulness of our minds.1 Udal. De si rous (de-zl rus), a. f Desirable. De si tion t (de-sish'un), n. [Lat. desitus, from desino. desitum—de, down, and sino, to leave.] End. Des mid (d&smid), in. (Bot.) A plant Des mid i an (des-mld'i-an),) of the order Des- midiaceae. Des mid i a ce ae (des-m!d'i-a//se-ei, in. pi. [Gr. Des mi di e SB (d6s'mi-dI"e-6), J fieafio?, chain, and elfios. resemblance.] (But.) A na'. or- der of microscopic, fresh-water, confervoid Algae. Des mi o sper me ae (des'mi-o-sper me-f), n. pi. [Gr. 5tcrM-os, a chain, and airep/xa, seed.") (Bot.) One of the divisions of rose-spored Algae, in which the spores are not scattered, but form distinct chains like little necklaces. Des mo bry a (des-mO bri-a), n. pi. [Gr. &e9, a band, a lig- ament. a bundle, and cT£o«, resemblance.] Resem- bling a bundle or ligament; specifically (Svrg.), ap- plied to certain nbrous tumors, which, on section, present numerous white, glistening fibers, intimate- ly interwoven or arranged in bundles, constituting circles or loops intercrossing each other. De so pliis ti cate (de/so-fIs//ti-kat), v. t To free from sophism or error. [R.] Hare. De spair a ble f (de-spAr 'a-bl), a. Despaired of; unhopeful. De spec i fi ca tion (de-spgs/i-fi-k8"?hun), n. [De and specification.'] Act of distinguishing; dis- crimination. De spend f (de-spSnd7), v. t. To expend; to dis- pend; to spend; to squander. ' Hotoell. Despise fde-splz), v. t. fTo look upon: to con- template. Bacon. Des pi tons t (d6s pi-tQs),) a. The same as Despit- Dis pi tons T (dls/pi-t&8>t } eons. 'Hertes des- pitounS Chaucer. Des pi tons ly t (dgs'pi-t&B-U), cufu. With despite ; contemptuously; angrily. Chaucer. De spoilt (de-spoil'), n. Spoil f plunder; despo- liation. Wolsey. Despond (de-spfind7), n. Despondency. 'The Slough of Despond.* Bunyan. DETERGENCY De bpon sage f (de-spttn'saj). n. B^Irbthal. Foxfo De spoil so ry t (de-spon'so-ri), n. A written be- trothal or pledge of marriuge. ^ Des pot at (dgs'pot-at), n. Government by a de?' pot; the territory governed by a despot; a race or succession of despots of the same line or family, who govern a particular territory. Finlay, Despotist (dfis'pot-ist), n. One who supports or who is in favor of despotism. 1 must become as thorough a despotist and imperial- ist as Strafford himself. Kingsley. Des pot ize (d6s'pot-Iz), v. i. To act in a despotic manner ; to play the tyrant. Des po toe ra cy (d^po-tSk^ra-si), n. [Gr. 8e flock made by the machine called thedeti'/outof old woolen materials : shoddy. Dev il's-guts t^dev lz-guts), ». (Bot.) The lesser- dodder, or Cuscuta Epithymum, nat. order Con— volvulacere. Dev il's Own (d£tv Iz On), n. 1. A name given by- General Picton to the 88th Regiment from thei«~ bravery in the field and disorder in the camp. [Eng.] 2. The title humorously or sarcastically applied to the volunteer corps of the Inns of Court from the members being lawyers. [Eng.] Devil-wood (dev'l-wyd), n. (Bot.) The Olea Americana, an American tree allied to the olive* Dev il-wor sliip (deV'l-wGr'shtp), n. The wor- ship paid to the devil, an evil spirit, a malignant deity, or the personified evil principle in nature, by many of the primitive tribes of Asia, Africa, and America. Dev il-wor sliip er (dgv^l-wer'ship-er), n. One who worships a devil, a malignant deity, or evii spirit. De vin ingt (de-vln ing), n. Divination. Chaucer. De vlr gin ate t (de-ver jin-at), p. a. Deprived of virginity. Chapman <& Marlowe. De vir gi na tion (de-vSr'jin-S 'shun), n. Depri- vation of virginity. Feltham. De vise (de-viz'), v.t. 1.1 To think of; to guess at. Spenser. 2. t To plan or scheme for; to purpose to obtain. Spenser. 3. t To direct; to order. Chaucr. De vise (de-viz' or de-vis'), n. f Contrivance; scheme invented ; device; hence, direction, in accordance with the plan devised. 4 W e wol ben reuled at his devise.' Chaucer. De vi tal ize (de-vl'tal-lz), v. t. [Lat. de, priv., and Eng. vitalize.] To deprive of vitality ; to take away life from. De vit ri fy (de-vlt'ri-fl), v. t. pret. and pp. devit- rified ; ppr.devitrifying. To. deprive of luster and transparency; to deprive of the character or ap- pearance of glass. De vive (de-vlv/), v. t. [Lat. de, priv., and viu««, living.] To deprive of life; to render inert or un- conscious. There are organisms which we can devitalize and re- vitalize, devive and revive many times. Prof. Owen. De void (de-void'), v. t. To put away; to remove, Halliwell. Dev o lute f (dgv'o-lflt), v. t. To devolve. Foxe. Dev o lu tion (dev'o-ltT'shun), n. (Scots Law.) A term sometimes applied to the reference made by two or more arbiters who differ .in opinion to an oversman or umpire to determine the difference; also, the falling of a purchase made under articles of roup to the next highest offerer, on the failure of the highest bidder to find caution for payment of the price within the time limited by the articles. De vo ni an (de-vO'ni-au), a. 1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Devon«hire in England. 2. (Geol.) A term applied by Murchison to a great portion of the paleozoic strata of North and South Devon, and used by him as synonymous with 'old red sandstone,' for which term he substituted it, ' because the strata of that age in Devonshire^-litho- logically very unlike the old red sandstone of Scot- land, Hereford, and the South Welsh counties—con- tain a much more copious and rich fossil fauna, and were shown to occupy the same intermediate position between- the Silurian and carboniferous rocks.' The term Devonian is occasionally applied to the marine strata, and that of the old red sand- stone to fresh-water.—Devonian age or formation, that next above the Silurian, and abounding in shells, fossil fish, etc. Dana. Dev on port (dcv'n-pOrt), n. A sort of small, gen- erally ornamental', writing-table, fitted up with drawers and other conveniences. Dev on sliire Colic (dev n-sher kfil'ik), n. (Pa- thol.) a species of colic, occasioned by the intro- duction of lead into the system. Also called Painter's ■ Colic. De vote ment <.de-vOt'ment), n. The state of be* ing devoted ; devotion, as to duty or to another, 4 Love and devotdmentSouthey,;* h6r, move, or; bull, tt, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton j the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-DEVOUT ©e TOOtf (de-voutf), n. A devotional composition. Dewf (dfl), a. Due. 'With -everence dew.' Spenser. Dewt(dfl),n. Duty. Spenser. Dew an (dfl-Sn'), n. In the East Indies, the head officer of finance and revenue. Dew ail ny (dfl-5n'ni), n. [Hind.] An Indian court for trying revenue and other civil causes. Dew bent(rtfi'bent),a. Bent by dew. Dew ber ry (dfl''bgr'i), n. (Bot.) The popular name in England of the Rubus ccesius, a bramble which growB in woods, thickets, hedges, and the borders of fields. In the United States, the name is given to a low trailing blackberry (Rubus canadensis). Dew briglit (dfl'brlt), a. Bright or shining with dew. .Dew be sprink.led(dfl [Lat. dis, asunder, apart.] A frequent pre- Di*-. V fix implying reparation, distribution, and Dif-. ) the like ; as, di\ide, disrupt, differ. Di a bet Ic (di'a-bff'ik), ) a.—Diabetic sugar Di a bet Ic al (dl'a-bSf'ik-al), \ (Chem.) (Cfi H ,2 Oft. H2 O), the sweet principle of diabetie urine. It is identical with starch-sugar, grape-sugar, sugar of fruits, etc., the name common to all of which is dextro-glucose. See Dextro-glucose. Diablerie (dyitb-l-rC), n. Same as Diablery. Di ab o lize (di-3b'ol-Tz); v. t. To render diabol- ical or devilish. [B.] # Eclec. Rev. Di ach y lum (di-tfk'i-lum), n. Sa'me as Diachy- lon. Di acll y ma (di-Sk'i-ma), n. [Gr. Si a, through, and juice.] (Bot.) The parenchyma, or green cellular matter of leaves ; called also diploe and mesophyllum. Di ac o pe (di-ilk'o-pe), n. [Gr. Sia/con^, a cutting in two, a notch, a cleft—Sid, and /cdrrTu, to cut.] 1. (Gram.) Tmesis ;a cutting a word in two and inserting one or more words between them ; as, 'of whom 6e thou ware,1 2. (Ichth.) A genus of fishes of the section Acan- thopterygii and family Percid®. 3. (Surg.) A deep wound, particularly of the skull and Its integuments; a separation of parts of the body. Di ac tin ic (dl'ak-tln"ik), a. [Gr. Sid, through, aud aKTi's, aicrtvos, ray.] Possessing the power of transmitting actinic or chemical rays* of light. Di adem-spider (dI"a-dem;spTder),n. (Entom.) A name sometimes given to the common garden- spider, perhaps from the markings upon the dorsal surface of its abdomen. Diaglypli (dl'a-gllf), n. A sculptured or en- graved production in which the figures are sunk be- low the general surface ; an intaglio. Diagnose (dl'ag-nOs'^or dr'ag-nOs'), v. t. pret. and pp. diagnosed; ppr. diagnosing. (Pathol.) To distinguish; to discriminate: to ascertain from symptoms the true nature and seat of, as a disease ; to diagnosticate. Di ag nose (dl'ag-n0s"or dl^ag-nOs'), v. i. Toprao- tice diagnosis ; to distinguish a disease t>y its symp- toms. Di a gom e ter (dl/a-g8m//erter), n. [Gr. Siayw, to conduct, and jneVpov, a measure. J (Elec.) Anelec- trical apparatus used by Rousseau for ascertaining the conducting power of oil, as a means of detect- ing its adulteration. Di ag o nous (dl-ag'on-tis), a. (Bot.) Having four corners. Di a gram (dl'a-gram), v. t. To draw or put into the form of a diagram; to make a diagram of. Carlyle. DI a gram mat Ic (dl'a-gram-mSt^ik), ». Per- taining or relating to, or partaking of the nature of, a diagram; represented by means of a diagram; consisting of a diagram. A certain diagrammatic contrast of the figures. Sir IF. Hamilton. DI a gram mat Ic al ly (dl'a-gram-mat' ik-al-li), adv. After the manner of a diagram. Sir W. Hamilton. Di a he II o trop Ic (dfa-hS'li-o-trSp' ik), a. [Gr. 6ia, through, iqkios, the sun, and rpoir 17, a turning.J (Bot.) Turning transversely to the light, as the stem or other organs of a plant; pertaining to dia- heliotropism. Darwin. Di a he li ot ro pism (dra-hS'li-St^ro-ptzm), ». ( Bot.) The disposition or tendency of a plant or of the organs of a plant to assume a more or less trans- verse position to the light. Darwin. Di al (dl'al), n.—Night or nocturnal dial, an inurn- ment for showing the hour by the shadow of the moon. Di al (di al), v. t. 1. To measure with, or as with, a dial; to indicate upon, or as upon, a dial. 1 Hours of that true time which is dialed in heaven.' Talfourd. ft, (Mining.) To survey by means of a dial. Di a lec tics (dl/a-15k''tiks), in. 1 • The logic of Dialectic (dra-16k"tik ), J probabilities, as op- . posed to the doctrine of demonstration and scientif- ic deduction. 2* The method of dividing and subdividing, dis- secting and analyzing a topic, so that we m§y be di- rected to the various lines of argument by which it may be approached, investigated, defended, or at- tacked : contrasted with logic, whose province it is to criticise these arguments, so as to reject the so- phistical, and allow their exact weight to the solid. Taylor. It does not lay bare the mechanism of thought, or evolve by the process of a rigid dialectic the secret or- der and system of nature and history. Dr. Caird. .DI a lec tor (d! a-lek"ter), ». One skilled in dia- lectics. Di al ing ) (dl'al-ing), a.—Dialing lines or scales, Di al ling J graduated lines placed on rulers, or the edges of quadrants and other instruments, to fa- cilitate the construction of dials.— Dialing sphere, an instrument made of brass, with several semi-cir-. cles sliding over each other upon a movable hori- zon, serving to demonstrate the nature of spherical triangles, as well as to give the true idea of drawing dials on all sorts of planes. Di al lei ous (dT-Sl'lel-lis), a. [Gr.] (Logic.) A term applied to the fallacy of reasoning or defining in a circle. DIAMOND-SETTER DI aE-lock (dl'al-lMr), n. A lock provided with on£] or more dials, each with a hand or pointer connect-; ed with the mechanism of the lock in such a way! that the bolt will not move unless the hands are set! in a particular manner. DI al lyl (dl-Al'lil), n. Same as Allyl. Di a logue.f (dl'a-16g), v. t. To express, as in dia-i logue ; to'put in the form of a dialogue. S/iafcJ Di al-wlieel (dl al-whel), n. One of those wheels placed between the dial and pillar plate of a watch. DI al-work (dl'al-werk), n. That portion of the motion of a watch between the dial and movement- j plate. Di a ly car pous (dfa-li-karp"!!*), a. [Gr.SiaAuw, to separate, and Kapn-o?, fruit.J (Bot.) A term ap- plied to a plant whose fruit is composed of distinct separate carpels. DI a ly pet a lae (dl'a-li-pgf'a-lS), n. pi. [Gr. 81- aAv'w, to separate, and viraXov, a leaf.] (Bot.) Same as Polypetalce. Di a ly pei, a lous (dr'a-li-pg^'al-us), a. {Bot.) Same as Polypetalous. DI a lyph yl lous (dl'al-Tf'il-lus), a.- [(Jr. SiaAuw, to separate, and ^uAAoi/, a teaf.] Same as Dialysep- alous. Di a ly sep a lous ( d^a-Ii-sep^al-us ), a. [Gr. SiaAvto, to separate, and Low"Lat. sepalum, a leaf.] (Bot.) Noting a flower with a calyx composed of separate petals; polysepalous. Di a lyze ) (dl'a-llz), v. t. (Chem.) To separate by1 Di a lyse ) a dialyzer, as substances capable of being so disengaged from a mixture; to diffuse by, or as by, the process called dialysis. DI a lyz er > (dr'a-llz'er), n. The parchment pa- Di a lys er J per, or septum, stretched over a wood or gutta-percha ring used in the operation of dialysis. Dialysis (dl-Sl'i-sis), n. (Chem.) The act ori process of separating the crystalloid elements of a body from the colloid ; the passage of a crystalloid substance from one fluid to another by diffusion. Dia lytic (dl'a-llfik), a.—Dialytic telescope, akind of achromatic telescope, having a small concave lens or combination of lenses, placed near the mid- dle of the tube, by means of which the colored dis- persion produced by a single object lens of crown glass is corrected. Di a mag net (dl'a-mng^net), n. [Gr. 2ta, across, and ju.ayvr}s, a magnet.] Same as Diamagnelic. Di a mag net ic (dra-mag-nef'ik), n. (Elec.) A substance which, when magnetized and suspend- ed freely, points east and west. Di a mag net ic al ly ( dl'a-mag-nSf'ik-al-li ), adv. In accordance with, or qfter the manner •£, diamagnetism. Di a mag net Ism (dI-a-m&g/net-Tzm ), n. 1. That branch of magnetism which treats of diamag- netic phenomena and diamagnetic bodies. 2* The action or magnetic influence which causes a diamagnetic substance, when suspended freely be- tween the poles of a powerful horse-shoe magnet, to assume an equatorial position, or to Uke a direction at right angles to the axial line. Di a man tif er ous (dl'a-man-tTf'er-us), a. [Fr. diamant, a diamond, and Lat. fero, to bear or pro- duce.] Yielding or bearing diamonds; diamond producing. Men with thick straw shoes go on walking about in the diamant iferous sands of the valley. Academy. DI a me sog a mous (dra-me-sOg^a-mus), a. [Gr. did, through, /u-e'tro?, middle, and ya/u.09, mar- riage.] (Bot.) A term applied to those lower or- ders of plants for the fertilization of which an inter- mediate agent is necessary. Diametral (dl-am'e-tral), a. 1» Having the qualities of a diameter; relating to a diameter; along the plane of the diameter ; diametrical. / 2* Opposite ; extremely different. Your own oppositions [are] direct and diametral to God and his holy law. Bancroft, —Diametral planes (Crystallog.), those planes in which any two of the crystallographic axes are sit- uated. DI am e tral f (dl-3m'e tral), n. A diameter; a di- agonal. Di a mond (dl'a-mund or dl'mund), ». A glazier's tool for cutting glass.—Black diamond, a term ap- plied colloquially to coal.—Diamond fret (Arch.), a species of molding consisting of fillets intersecting each other so as to form diamonds or rhombuses. 111. PI. 7, Fig. I. Diamond-beetle (dr'a-mund-bS'tl), n. (En- tc..i.) The Entimus imperialis, a splendid coleop- terous insect, belonging to the family Curculionida#. . DI a mond-bor er (dl' a-mund-bOr'er), > n. A Diamond-drill (dl'a-mund-drTl), J metal bar or tube, armed at the boring extremity with one or more diamonds for boring or drilling purposes, tunneling, etc. Di a mond ed (dl'a-mund-ed or dl'mund-ed), a.; Diamondized ; adorned or decked with diamonds. Di a mon dif er ous ( dl'a-mun-dtfer-iis ), a/ Same as Diamant if erous. Di a mond ize (dl'a-mund-Tz or dl'muiid-Iz), v. t? To ornament or adorn with diamonds; to enrich. Di a mond-mine (dT'a-mund-mln), n. A mine in'. which diamonds are found. Di a mond-ring (dl'a-mund-rlng), n. A ring set with a diamond or diamonds. Di a mond-set ter (dr'a-mund-sgt'er^, n.' One whose occupation is to set diamonds in rings, etc., ' ch» e/iaie * jg,_&o; job; og,eing\ fh. thmj ^ thm ^ w, wi§ 7 wb., whig ah, osure ; OO, food i - oi, oil; ou, poundL Qn this page will be found words, phrases and uefinitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's ana Wor- ker's Unabridgei Dictionaries.DIAMOND-SPAR 01 a mond-npar (dl'a-mund-ep&r), n. S$tne as Corundum. Di a nat Ic f (dl'a-nfif'ik), a. [Or. iiapaw, to flow through.] Reasoning logically and progressively from one subject to another. Scott. Dl a no et ic (dl'a-no-St 'ik), a. [Or. itapoij-rixos, from iia, and voeu>, to revolve in the mind.] (Met- aph.) Capable of thought; thinking ; intellectual; of or pertaining to the discursive faculty. Sir W. Hamilton. Di a noi al o gy (dI'a-noi-ai"o-ii), n. [Gr. itdfota, thought, and aoyos, discourse.] (Mttaph ) Thtit department of philosophy which treats of the diano- etic faculties. Sir W. Hamilton. Di an thus (dY-2n'thus), n. [Or. it'os, divine, and av0os, a flower.] (Hot■) The pink, a large genusof tufted herbs, nat. order Caryophyllace®. Di a pa sou-di a tess a ron ( d! a-pft"zon-dI'a- t8s"a-ron), n. (Mus.) A compound concord, found- ed on the proportion of 8 to 3, consisting of 8 tones and a semi-tone. Di a pa son - di tone ( dl'a-pa^zon-dl'tOn ), n. (Mus.) A compound concord, whose terms are as 10 io 4, or 5 to 2. Di a pa Non-sem i di tone (dTa-pa//zon-sgm'i- dl^tOn), n. (Mus.) A compound concord, whose terms are in the proportion of 12 to 5. Di a pe de Bis (d^a-pe-dC'sis), n. [Gr. iiatrTjiijo-ts, a springing or oozing through, from itd, through, i and inj6aa), to spring or leap.] (Physiol.) The traus- I mission of the blood corpuscles through the walls of i the blood-vessels into the adjacent tissues, without rupture of the walls. Di a pen si a ce ae (dr'a-pSn'si-a^ee-C), ». pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of dicotyledonous plants, allied . to the heaths, inhabiting the northern parts of Europe and America. Di a per ing (dl'a-per-ing), n. 1. The act or proc- ess of diversifying or variegating. ' 2* {Paint.) The act or art of decorating with diaper ; also the pattern itself, in which a small and delicate style of ornamentation is introduced to re- lieve the eye in broad spaces of color. 3* (Her.) A covering of the surface of a shield with ornament of some kind, independently of the bearing of the colors. Di a pliane (dl'a-ffin), n. [Gr. iia, through, and >, to show.] t 1. A woven silk staff with transparent and color- less figures. I 2. (Physiol.) A transparent, cortical membrane investing a 6ack or cell. Di aph a nie (dl-Sf'a-nS), n. The process or art of fixing transparent colored pictures upon glass by means of some adhesive material, so as to Imitate stained glass. Dl a pha nom e ter (dra-fan-tWet-er), n. [Gr. 6ia$ai'i)f, transparent, and fierpoy^ a measure.] An instrument for estimating the transparency of the air. Dl 4 phan o scope (dra-fftn^o-skOp), n. [Gr. itd, through, 4>au/ttf, to show, and a«o*ew, to see.] t(Photog.) A dark box in which transparent positives are viewed, either with or without a lens. Dl a pliote (dl'a-fOt), n. [Gr. itd, through, and $ws, u>ros, light.] (El«c.) A name (or an instrument designed for the transmission of pictures by tele- graph. See Telephote. Dla phragni (dTa-frfim), «. (Opt.) A circular ring used in optical instruments to cut off marginal $ portions of a beam of light, as at the focus of a telescope. Di a phrag ma ti tls (dr'a-frag'ma-tP'tis), n. (Pathol.) Inflammation of the diaphragm, or of its peritonreal coats. Di apli y sis (dl-Sf'i-sis), n. [Gr. itd$vua>, to bring forth.] , 1 • (Anat.) A term applied to the body, or central portion of the long bones. 2* (Bot.) A term used to designate the nodi of the grasses, or more correctly, the interstices or portions of the culms between the nodes. Di ap no e (di-Sp'no-e), ». [Gr. iiairvoq, a blowing through, from itd, through, and wi>ea>, to blow, to breathe.] ft A gentle perspiration or breathing moisture tnrough the skin. Dl ap no ic (dl'ap-n0"ik), n. (Med.) A remedial agent which produces a" very slight, insensible per- spiration; a mild diaphoretic. Di a po phys ic al (dra-po-flz"ik-al), a. Of or re- lating to a diapophysis. Di apophysis (dl'a-pOf'i-sis), ». [Gr. itd, through, and airo4>v}, heat, from 0ep/xos, hot.] The doctrine or phenomena of the transmission of radiant heat; the property of being pervious by radiant heat. Di a ther mic rdl/a-th6r//mik), fa, Diathermal; Di a ther mou«idIa-thGr^mus), J freeLy per- vious to radiant heat. Di a ther mom e ter (dl'a-ther-m8m"e-ter), n. [Gr. itd, through, Bepn^, heat, and /actpoe, measure.] An instrument designed for testing the capacity of liquids for conducting or resisting heat. Di a torn (dl'a-tom), n. (Bot.) A member of the Diatomaceas (which see). Di at o ma (dl-it'o-ma), n. [Gr. itd, through, and ro/x»7, a cutting, from rf(tw, to cut.] (Bot.) A genus of DiatomacetB, of which the frustules are connected together by their augles, forming a zigzag chain. Di at o ma ce ae (dfat-o-m^'se-e), «. pL (Bot.) A nat. order of confervoid alg®, consisting of micro- scopic; plants found in fresh, brackish, and salt water, and on moist plants and damp ground. Dl a torn ic (dl/a-t0m"ik), a. [Gr. ii for it's, twioe, and ato/aos, an atom.] (C&em.) Composed of two atoms; bivalent; dyadic ; as, a diatomic radical. Bod well. Dib(dlb), n. A dub; a pool. [Scotch.] The dibs were full; the roads foal. Gait. Dib (dlb), n. 1. A email bone in the knee of a I sheep, uniting the bones above and below the joint. [Pro v.] 2« pi. A child's game: in Scotland called Ch/uck- iea% and played with pebbles. 3* pi. A slang name for money: so named from the huckle-bones of sheep having been used for gambling with when money wm not to be had; as, down with the dibs. Dib (dfb),) [Hind., island.] The final element of Div (dlv), ) many Hindu place-names; as, Seren- rttb, Ceylon; Maldives; Laccadit-es. Dl ba sic (dl-bS'sik), a. [Gr. for Bit, and bastoJ] < Chem.) Applied to acids which combine with two equivalents of a base. Written also Bibasto. Dibbs (dlbz), n. See Dib, 3. Di bran chi ate (dT-hr&ng'ki-at), a. Having two gills ; as, the dibranchiate molluscs. t Dibs (dfbz), n. A syrup or treacle made from grape- juice, much used in the East. Dl cast e ry (dl-kils'ter-i), n. [Gr. iiKaaTiiptov% from Succumb, a juryman.] (Greek Antiq.) A court of justice in which dicasts used to sit; hence, a hall or court of justice. [R.] , J. S. Mill. Dl cen tra (dl-sgn'tra), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the nat. order Fuinariacere, found in North China and Siberia: sometimes called Dielytra. Di chas tic (dl-k&st'ik), a. Relating to dichasta- sis; possessing the property of (subdividing sponta- neously. [R.j Diche, f v. t. To dig; to surround with a ditch. Chaucer. Di cho bune (dl'ko-btln), n. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct quadrupeds, occurring in the eocene for- mations. ■* * Di cho don (dl'ko-don ), n. [Gr. 8t*a, in two parts, and oSous, 66ovro?, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct quadrupeds, closely allied to the Dichobune. Dichogamous (dl-kOg'a-mus), a. (Bot.) Ex- hibiting or characterized by dichogamy. Di chog a my (dl-kOg a-mi); n. [Gr. in two parts, and >dpio«, marriage.] (Bot?) A provision in hermaphrodite flowers to prevent self-fertilization, as where the stamens and pistils within the same flower are not matured at the same time. Dichotomize (dr-kftt'o-mlz) v.i. To separate or become divided into pairs; to be cut into two parts. Di chot o mous (dl-kSt'o-xnfts), a.—Dichotomous corymbed (Bot.), composed of corymbs, in which the pedicles divide and subdivide by pairs. Di chot o my (dI-k6t'om-i), n. [Gr., a division in- to two parts.] (Bot.) A term employed to express a mode of hranching by constant forking. This is seen in the veins of fern leaves and in the stems of lycopodiaceous plants. Di chro ic fdl-krO'ik^ )a. (flfdn.) Characterized Di chro ous (dl'kro-us) ) by dichroiera; having the property of appearing under two distinct colore; as, a dichroie crystal. Di chro 1 scope (dl-krO'i-skOp), n. See Dichbo- 8cope. Di chro it ic ^dJ'kro-Ifik), a. Same as Dichroie. Di chro mic Idl-krO'mTk),**. [Gr. 6i, for fits, twice, and xpw/xa, color.] Producing or giving two colors; applied to a certain defect in the sight, in which all the compound colors are capable of being resolved into two elements only in place of three. Herschel. Di chro scope (drkro-skOp^, ». [Gr. prefix fit, for its, twice, xpoa, color, and aKoirew, to see.] An in- strument, usually consisting of an achromatized double-image prism of Iceland spar, fixed in a brass tube, which has a small 6quare hole at one end and a convex lens at the other, for exhibiting the phe- nomena of dichroism. Di chro scop ic (dl/kr5-sk5p'/ik), a. ■ Relating to dichroism or to the use of the dichroscope. Die ing (dls'ing), n. Dice-playing. DIDLDiE Dl clng'house fdTs'ing-hous), n. A house where dice is played ; a gaming house. - Jer. Taylor. Dick er (dlk'er), n. An exchange or barter of small wares. [U. S.] Dick yy f shrike«, a sub-family of dentirostral birds, order asseres and family Ampelidtr. Di cru rus (dl-kro rus), n. {Ornith.) A genus of passerine birds of the family Ampelidaa and sub- family Diorurina (which pee). Die ty o gen (dlk-tl o-jen or dlk'ti-o-jen), n. [Gr. dUrvov, net-work, and yeprdw, to produce.] (Bot.) The name given by Lindley to a group of monocot- yledonous plants, with netted-veined leaves, inter- mediate between the monocotyledons and dicotyle- dons. Die ty og en ons (dlk'ti-5j"en-us),a. Having the character of a dictyogen; having the general char- acter of an endogen, but with netted leaf-veins. Die ty o phyl lum (dlk'ti-o-fil 'lum or dfk ti-flf"- il-lum), n. [Gr. 6Utvov% net-work, and ^uAAoie, & leaf.] (Paleon.) A provisional genus intended fo in- clude all fossil dicotyledonous leaves, the affinities of which are not known. Die ty op ter is (dlk'ti-Sp^ter-is), n. (Paleon.) Jl genus of carboniferous ferns. Die ty op y ge (dlk ti-Qp"i-j6), n. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil ganoid fishes, having smooth rhom- boidal scales, and whose large anal fin presents » net-like appearance. Die ty o te ae (dlk'ti-iV'te-S), n. pi. (Bot.) An or- der of algte. DS cy no don (dl-sl'no-donordi-sln'o-don), n. [Gr. it. for it's, two, Ku'wf, a dog, and oiovs, oioyTos, tootb.] (Paleon.) A fossil genus of animals occurring in South Africa. Di cyn o don tia (dl-sln#o-d0n"pha or di-el'no- dtin"shi-a), n. pi. Same as Anomodontia. Did t > [Pret. of don, to do on.] Put on; did on. Bide f y Chaucer, Di dac tic 1 ty (drdak-tls"i-ti or dld'ak-t!s"i-ti), n. Devotion to or aptitude for teaching. [R.] Did die (dld'dl), v. i. To dawdle away time; to trifle. Di dec a he dral (dl-dCk'a-hS 'dral), a. IGr. pre- fix it, and Eng. decahedral.J (Crystallog.) Having the form of a decahedral, or ten-sided, prism with pentahedral, or five-sided, summits. Di del phi a (dl-dei'fi-a), n. pi. (ZoOl.) One of the- three sub-classes of Mammalia (the other two being Ornithodelphia and Monodelphia), founded on the nature of the female reproductive orgaps. Dl del phi an (dl-dgrfi-an), a. Pertaining to tho group Didelphia. Di del phid (dl-d ».• (ZoOl.) A member of Di delpli (dl'dglf), J the group Didelphia. Ill del phid (dT-dSl'fid), a. Same as Didelphian. Di del phi dae (dI-dgl'fi-45), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A fam- ily of marsupial mammals, of which the gecys Di- delphys is the type. Di del plaoid (dl-dgl'foid), a. [Gr. it, for it's, itA<£vs, matrix, and clios, resemblance.]Havingtwo1 wombs ; belonging to the Didelphidfe. J? Dl del phyc (dl-d61'fik), a. Same as Didelphidr Dtdelphic. ©id en t (dld n), pret. pi. from do. Did. Chauce Di di dae (dl'di-dC), n. pi. (Ornith.) A family > birds of which the genus Didus is the type. Notation: S, £, I*0,11, long; 3, 6,1, 0, ft, short; a, e, i, o, u,obscure; for, f§ll, f?8t, cAre; h6r, move, or; byll, Q, Fr.; n, Fr., ton; ' IW On this page will be found words, phrases r.nd definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and cester s Unabridged Dictionaries.DEDINJ2 Dl dl nse (di-dl'nS), n. pi. (Ornlth.) A sub-family of birds, thought to be extinct at the present time, belonging to the family ColumbidsR. Dl dine (dl'dln), a. . Pertaining to the family Didi- Di do (dl'do), n. pi. Di dos (dl'dOs). A shrewd trick ; a caper; an antic.—To cut a dido, to play a shrewd trick : so called in allusion to the trick of Dido, who, when she had bought so much land as a hide would cover, cut the hide into a long thin string, so she might inclose more than was designed. Di dun cu li nee (di-dung/ku-lI//nS), n. pi. The tooth-billed pigeons; a sub-family of birds of the order Columbae, and family Columbidae. Gray. Dl dun cu ius (dl-dung/ku-lus), n. [Dim. of Di- dus, the generic name for the dodo.] ( Ornith.) A genus of rasorial birds of the pigeon section (Col- umbacei). DI dus (dl'dus), n. {Ornith.) The generic name for the dodo. Did y mo grap sus (dId/i-mo-grSp//sus), n. [Or. 6i'5u/xck, double, and grapsus, a short form intended to mean graptolite.] (Paleon.) A genua of Grap- tolitid®. Did y nam (dld'i-nam), ». (Bot.) One of the Did- ynamia. Did J nam ic (dld'i-nSm^ik), a. Same as Didy- namian. Die (di), n. pi. Dies (dlz). One of two or more pieces of hardened steel forming together a female screw for cutting the threads of screws. In being used they are fitted into a groove, in a contrivance called a die-stock. Die f (dl), v. t. To dye; to tinge. Chaucer. Die-a way (dl'a-wa), a. Seeming as if about to die or expire ; languishing; drooping. Kingsley. DI eb (dl'eb), n. (ZoOl.) A wild species of dog found in North Africa (Canis anthus). Die-back (drbSk), n. A disease affecting ti^es, particular^ prevalent in the orange-plantations of Florida, ami which causes the trees to die at the top. Di e clous (dl-6'shus), a. Same as Dioecious. Dieff en bach i a (defen-bSk^i-a), n. [After M. E. Dieffenbach, a German naturalist.] (Bot.) A genus of South American and West Indian plants, nat. order Aracese. Dl e ge sis (dl'S-jg^sis), n. [Gr., from Sii7yeo/mat, to relate, tell, recount, declare.] A recital, narra- tive, or history. i Di e lec trie (dl'e-lSk^trik), n. [Gr. prefix Sia, and Eng. electric.'] (Elec.) Any medium through or across which static induction takes place; any substance, as air, glass, sulphur, etc., that transmits the electric force by the process of induction. Dl el y tra (dT-61'i-tra), n. [Gr. Si', for Si'?, two, and eAvrpov, a sheath.] (Bot.) Same as Dicentra (which see). Dl er (dl'er), n. Same as Dyer. Die-sink er (dP'sIngk'er), n. An engraver of dies for stamping or embossing. Die-sink ing (dl''singling), n. The act or proc- ess of engraving dies for stamping coin, medals, eto. Di es I rse (dl'ez I'rS). [Lat., lit. day of wrath.] The name of a famous medieval hymn on the last judgment, probably composed by Thomas of Celano in the thirteenth century, beginning— Dies irae, dies ilia, 8olvet sseclum in favilla, Teste David cum Sibylla. Die-stock (dl'stftk), n. The contrivance by which the dies used in sorew-cutting are held. It is of va- rious forms. Di e ta ri an (dl'e-tS^ri-an), n. A dieter; one who follows certain prescribed roles in regard to diet; one who prepares food by rules. Di eth. yl am Ine (dl-6th/ll-ilm//ln), n. [Di and ethylamine.] (Chem.) A volatile fluid, soluble in water, and inflammable in its nature. It possesses 6trong alkaline properties, and is considered an am- xhoniacal composition in which the radical ethyl re- places two atoms of the hydrogen. Di et-kitcli en (dl'et-klch'en), ». A benevolent institution which furnishes suitable food for the poor and destitute. Dif fame t (dif-f&m'), ». [Fr.] Bad reputation. Chaucer. Dif fer (differ), n. Difference. [Scotch.] Burns. Dlf fer en tl a (dlffer-6n"shi-a), n. (Logic.) The characteristic attribute of a species, or that by which it is distinguished from other species of the same genus; specific difference. Dif fer en tial (dIf/fer-Sn//shal), a.—Differential coupling (Mach.), a form-of slip-coupling applied in light machinery for the purpose of regulating the velocity of the connected shaft at pleasure. 111. PI. 6, Fig. 2. Dlf fer en tial ly (dtffer-Sn'shal-li), adv. In the ► way of, or by, differentiation. Dif fer entl ate (dlffer-Sn^shl-Rt), v. t. 1. To produce, or lead to, a difference; to cause to differ. A. R. Wallace. 2. To mark or distinguish by a difference; to discriminate; as, color of skin differentiates the aces of man. 3* To assign a specific act or agen&y to; to set aside for a definite or specific purpose. Page. 1 4. (Logic.) To discriminate between, by observ- ing or describing the marks of differentiation, or the differentia; to define exactly; to distinguish by giving the specific difference of a thing. 251 5* (JPhysiol.) To render more complex in func- tions or structure by assigning particular organs for particular functions. Differ en tl ate (dlf/fer-gn"sh!-flt), v.i. To ac- quire a distinct and separate character; to mark or show a difference or a distinction. Huxley. Differ en tl a tlon (dif'fer-6n'shl-a"shun), n. 1. The assignment of a specific agency to the discharge of a specific function, as the assignment of a partic- ular faculty in a university to the study and teach- ing of a particular branch of knowledge. The Faculties arose by process of natural differentia. Hon out of the primitive University. Huxley. 2. (Physiol.) The formation of different parts, organs, species, etc., by the production or acquisi- tion of a diversity of new structttres, through a proc- ess of evolution or development; tendency toward a more complex structure. Differentiation is, therefore, a mark of higher organ- ization. Page. 3. (Metaph.) The supposed tendency in every organic or inorganic being, toward a more complex structure. Differentiator (dlffer-Sn'shl-at^er), n. He who, or that which, differentiates. Dif fin Islt f (dif-fln'ish), v. t. To define. Chaucer. Dif fran cliise (dif-fr&n'chlz or dif-fr&n'shlz), v. t. Same as Disfranchise. Dif fuse (dif-ffls7), a. [Lat. diffusus^pp. of diffundo, to pour in different directions ; Sp. difuso, Fr. dif- fus.] 1 • (Pathol.) Applied to diseases which spread widely and have no distinctively defined limits, as opposed to those which are circumscribed. 2, (Bot.) Spreading widely, horizontally, and irregularly. Diffused (dif-fQzd'), p. a. 1* Loose; flowing; wild. ' Diffused attire.' Shak. 2. f Rude; uncouth; confused. 1 Some diffused song.' Shak. Diffusion (dif-f&'zhun) ». .[Lat. diffusio, Fr. diffusion].—Diffusion of heat, a term employed to express the modes by which the equilibrium of heat is effected, viz. by conduction, radiation, and by convection.— Diffusion of gases. (Chem.) When two gaseous bodies which do not act chemically upon each other are mixed together in any relative pro- portions they gradually diffuse themselves through each other.—Diffusion of liquids. (Chem.) When two liquids that are capable of mixing, such as alco- hol and water, are put in contact, they gradually diffuse oho hito the other in spite of the action of gravity.—Diffusion volume, a term employed to ex- press the different disposition of gases to inter- change particles.—Diffusion apparatus, an appara- tus sometimes employed for extracting the sugar from cane or beet-root by dissolving it out with water.—Diffusion tube, an instrument for deter- mining the rate of diffusion for different gases. Diffuslvity (dlf'fil-slv"i-ti), n. The power of diffusion. Dif lu an (dlflu-an), n. (Chem.) A chemical com- pound obtained by the action of heat on alloxanic acid. It is not crystallizable, is very soluble in water, and possesses no acid properties. Dig (dig), v. t. To poSe or thrust in the ribs. [Vul- gar.] Dig (dig), n. 1* A student who attends diligently to his 6ttldies; a plodding student. [U. S.] 2» A cut with a spade or like instrument. Di gam mate (dl-g^rn'mat), ) a. (Or. Oram.) Di gam ma ted (dl-g&n'ma-ted),) Containing the digamma; pronounced or written with the Eolic digamma. Di gen e sis (di-jSn'e-sis), n. [Gr. prefix Si, and yeVetns.] (Jrhysiol.) Parthenogenesis (which see). Di gest (dl-jgstf), v.t. 1. To calm or abate, as grief or anger. 2, To dissolve and prepare for manure, as plants and other substances. 3. To mature; to ripen. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Dl gest (dl-jest'), v. i. To dissolve and be prepared for manure, as substances in compost. Di ges tlon (dl-jSst'yun), n. 1* (Chem.) The op- eration of exposing bodies to a gentle heat to pre- pare them for some aotion on each other; or the slow action of a solvent on any substance. 2* The process of dissolution and preparation of substances for manure, as in compost. Di ges tive (dl-jgst'Iv), a.—Digestive salt (Chem.), a name for the muriate of potash. DI ges tor fdl-jest'er), n. Same as Digester. Dig gings (dlg'gingz) n. pi. The place where one resides, or is employed; localities ; regions. [Col- loq. or Slang.] Dlght (dlt), v. U [Scotch.] To wipe;. to clean by rubbing. Burns. Digbtf (dTt), p. a. [A. Sax. dihtan, to dress ; O. Eng. dighten, to set in order.] Arrayed; prepared; adorned ; ready, as for a journey. Chaucer. Dight er (dlt'er), n. A person who dights. Dig It (dlj'it), n.' This word is often used scientif- ically to signify toe, as well as finger, when speaking of animals, and in this sense it & co-extensive with the Latin digitus. Dig i tal (dlj'i-tal), n. 1* A finger; a digit. [R.] Ld. Lytton. 2* One of the keys of instruments of the organ or piano class. Dig I tal I form (dTj'I-t21"i-form), a. (Bot.) Like the corolla of Digitalis. DILOGY Dig 1 to ri nm (dlja-Wri-um), n. A small porta- ble dumb instrument used for giving strength and flexibility to the fingers for piano playing. Called also Dumb Piano. Dig 1 tule (dlj'i-tfll), ». [Dim. from Lat. digitus.J 1* A little finger or toe. 2* Anything resembling a little finger or toe, as one of the hair 3 on the tarsus of the mealy bug. Dig na tlon t (dig-nS'shun), n. The act of holding in esteem ; act of conferring honor or dignity upon. Bp. Taylor. Digne f (din or den), a. [Fr.: Lat. dignus, worthy.] Worthy; noble; proud; disdainful. Chaucer. Dig nl ty (dlg'ni-ti), n. [Lat. dignitas, from dig- was, worthy.] 1. (Rhet.) One of the three parts of elocution, consisting in the right use of tropes and figures. 2* (Astrol.) An advantage which a planet is sup- posed to have on account of its being in some par- ticular place of the zodiac, or in a particular station in respect to other planets. Dig nos tic (dig-nOs'tik), ». [From Lat. dignosco, to distinguish.] An indication : a diagnostic. Di gra do (dlgra'do). [It., step by step.] (Mus.) Moving by conjunct degrees. Di gress (dl-grgs'), v. i. [Lat. digredior, digre3sum% to step apart or asunder, prefix di, twice, and gradi to walfc.J f To turn aside from the right way; to deviate from the right; to transgress; to offend. Shak. Di gress f (dl-grSs7;, n. A digression. Fuller. Di gres sion (di-grgsVun), n. Deviation from the path of virtue ; transgression. Shak. Digue + (dig), n. A dike. Temple. DI lie dron(dI-hS/dru»),n. (Gteom.) Aflgurehav- ing two sides or surfaces. Di hex ag o nal (dFhex-Sg/'o-nal), a. [Gr. Si, for Si's, twice, and Eng. hexagonal.'] Formed by the union of two hexagonal parts; thus, a dihexagonal pyramid is composed of two hexagonal pyramids placed base to base. DI I amb (dl'I-amb), >n. [Gr. from Si, for Di 1 am bus (dl/l-2m//bus),) 819, two times, doub- le, and ia/ui/36;.] A foot composed of two iambuses; a double iambus. Dik a mal 1 l (dlk'a-mftl^i), n. (Bot.) The native Dik a mal 11) name of a fragrant resinous gum which exudes from the ends of young shoots of Gar- denia lucida, an Indian tree. Dike (dik), v. t. To drain by one or more.dikes or ditches. Dike (dik), v. i. f To dig; to work as a diker or ditcher. Qower. 2• To ditch; to dig a dike. 3* To erect a fence or low wall of dry stones around a field. [North of Eng. and Scotch.] 4. To build a mound against inundation. Dike (dik), n. A wall of stones laid up without mortar, used as a fence arounft fields. [North of Eng. and Scotch.] Dik er (dlk'er), n. 1. A person who erects unce- menfed stone walls or dikes. [North of Eng. and Scotch.] 2* A ditcher or hedger. Di la tlon (dl-ia'shun or dl-15'shun), n. The act of dilating ; expansion ; dilatation; state of being di- lated. , At first her eye with slow dilation roll'd. Tennyson. Dil a to ry (dll'a-to-ri), a.—Dilatory defense (Scots Law), a plea offered by a defender for breaking down the conclusions of the aotion without entering into the merits of the cause; and the effect of which, if sustained, is to absolve from the lis pendens with- out necessarily cutting off the pursuer's grounds of action. Dil a to ry (dll'a-to-ri), n. (Law.) That which is designed to create delay; that which puts off or delays. (Dil dof (dil'do), n. The burden or refrain of an old ballad. Shak. Di lem ma (dl-lSm'ma), n. [Lat., Gr. 8t\rns.fxa.]— Horns of a dilemma, the conditions or alternatives presented to an antagonist, by accepting either of which he is, as it were, impaled ; a difficulty of such a nature that, whatever way you turn, you are con- fronted by unpleasant consequences. Dil em mat ic (dU'em-mat^ik), a. (Logic.) Same as Hypothetico-disjunctive (which see). Dil et tant (dll//et-t«;lnt/ or dll'et-t&it")! ? o. Am- Del et tan te (dg^efc-tSn^ta), J ateur ; relating to dilettanteism. Dil et tan tisft (dll/et-tan"tish.), )a. Some- Dil et tan te isli (diret-tSn^te-ieh), > what dilet- tant; inclined to dilettanteism. Dili gen cyf (diri-jen-si), n. Diligence; sedu- lous attention. * These diligencies. * Milton. Dill (dil), v. t. [A form of to dull.] To tfoothe; to still; to calm. [Scotch and Northern English.] Dil len (dll'en), v. t. (Mining.) To dress in sieves, as tin. Dil le nl a (dil-15/ni-a), n. [From Dillenius, a pro- fessor of botany at Oxford.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Dilleniacera, consisting of lofty forest trees, natives of tropical Asia. Dil le nl a ce ®e (dil-15/ni-S/'se-§), n.pl. (Bot.) A natural order of plants belonging to polypetalous, albuminous exogenB. Dil llsk (dfl'lisk), n. • An Irish name for dulse. Dil o gy (dll'o-ji), n. [Gr. .Si', for Si's, twice, and Aoyos, discourse.] (i27tef.) A figure in which a \ ch, chain; g, go\. j, job; ng, Blng; th, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh,hcltos, body.] '(Entom.) An or- der of Arachnida, comprising the true spiders, so called from the marked division of the body into two regions, the cephalothorax and abdomen. The name Araneides is usually employed for the order. Dim e rous (dim'e-rus), a. [Gr. fit's, twice, and /me'pos, part.] Having its parts in pairs; consisting of two parts; composed of two unrelated pieces or parts. Dim-eyed (dlm'Id), a. Dim-sighted; having the vision indistinct. Diminished (di-mfn'isht), p. a.— Diminished arch (Arch.), an arch less than a semicircle.—Dimin- ished bar (Joinery), the bar of a sash which is thin- nest on its inner edge.—Diminished column, one in which the upper diameter is less than the lower.— Diminished interval (Mus.), an interval made less than minor, thus G sharp to F natural is a dimin- ished seventh, G to F being a minor seventh, and G sharp being a semitone less than the minor interval. »— Diminished scale, a graduated scale for ascertain- ing the different points for drawing the spiral curve of .the Ionic volute.—Diminished subject (Mus.), a ^ibject introduced with notes half or quarter the value pf those in which they were originally enun- ciated.—Diminished triad (Mus.). the cord consist- ing of two thirds on the subtonic, as B, D, F, in the key of C. min ish lng-stuff (dl-mln'ish-ing-stuf), n. I (Ship-building.) Planks wrought under the wales of a ship, diminishing gradually till they come to the thickness of the bottom plank. diminution ^dhn'l-mV'shun), n. 1. (Her.) The defacing of some particular point in the es- cutcheon. 2* (Arch.) The gradual decrease in the diame- ter of the shaft of a column from the base to the capital. Dim ming (dfm'ing), ». The act of making dim; act of becoming dim. The dimming of our shin- ing star'.' Shak. Dim my (dlm'i), a. Somewhat dim. [It.] Sir P. Sidney. Dimolto (dSmOl'tO). [It.] (Jlfas.) Very; as, largo di molto, very much largo. D1 mor pliic (dl-mor'fik), a. Having two distinct forms; possessing the property of dimorphism; dimorphous. • Nat. Hist. Rev.. DI mor pliism (dl-mor'flzm), n. TGr. fit, for fit's, .'twice, and popQrj, form.] 1 • The state or property of being dimorphous. %, (Cry3tallog.) The property of assuming two .incompatible forms; the property of crystallizing jln two distinct forms not derivable from each other. 3* (Bot.) The condition when analogous organs Tof plants of the same species appear under two very ,dissimilar^formg. In the oak, beech, chestnut, and pine, for example, ^this dimorphism'is extreme. Nat. Hist. Rev. 4• (Zo6l.) Difference of form between members of the same species, as when the females vary ac- cording to the season, or the males are constantly tinlike the females. Dimorphism has been observed by Kolliker in the Pennatulidae (Octocoralla). Huxley. Di mor plious (dl-mor'f&s), a. Occurring in two distinct forms ; dimorphic.. Dim pie (dfrn'pl), v. t. To mark "with dimples or with depressions like dimples. Dim pie ment (dim'pl-ment), n. State of being marked with dimples or gentle depressions. [R. or Poet.] And view the ground's most' gentle dimplement. i E. B. Browning. Dtmp sy (d!mp/si), n. A preserve made with apples and pears cut into Bmall pieces. Dim-seen (dlm'sSn), a. Seen in an indistinct ban- ner. Thomson. Ditn-sight ed (dlm^slt'ed), a. Having indistinct or dim sight. Dim-sight ed ness (dlm'slt"ed-n5s), n. Indis- tinctness of vision; state of being dim-sighted. Dimrtwink ling (dlm//twink/iing), a. Dimly twinkling. Dim y aria (d!m/i-5//ri-a), n. [Gr. 5c, for fit's, twice, and pOs, a muscle.] (ZoOl) A general name 252 for those bivaives whose shells are closed by two ab- ductor muscles. Dim y a ry (dlm'i-a-ri), n. (Zodl.) A bivalve mol- lusc which closes its shell by means of two abductor muscles. Dim y a ry (dlm'i-a-ri), a. Pertaining or belong- ing to the Dimyaria. Di nar (dl'nar or de'nar), ». 1. A gold coin of Arabia, of the value of $2, or 8s. sterling. 2. A petty imaginary Persian money. Dine (din), v. i.—To dine out, to take dinner else- where than at one's own residence.—To dine with Duke Humphrey, to be dinner less: an English phrase. Dine (din), n. Dinner-time ; mid-day. [Scotch.] Burns. Di nette fdS-nSt'). n. [Dim. of Fr. diner, dinner.] A sort of preliminary dinner about 2 o'clock; a luncheon. [Eng.] Ding (ding), v. t. pret. and pp. dung or dinged. [A. Sax. dencgan, Ice'i. dengia, Sw. danga, to knock, to beat. Probably of onomatopoetic origitf.®! 1. To throw or dash with violence. 'To ding the book a colt'.s distance from him.* [R.] Milton. 2» [O. Eng. and Scotch.] (a) To dash; to pound; to break. To see his poor auld anther's pot Thus dung in staves. Burns, (b) To prove too much for; to beat; to overthrow; to pose; to nonplus; to excel. But a' your doings to rehearse.... Wad ding a Lawland tongue or Erse. Burns. Ding (ding), v.i. 1* To sound as a bell; to ring. W. Irving. 2, In Scotch, (a) to descend; to fall: used as in the phrase 'It's dingin' on,' which is applied to a fall of rain, hail, or snow. (b) To be defeated; to be gainsaid;*to be overturned. But farts are chiels that winna ding And downa be disputed. Bums. Ding (ding), n. 1. A thump; a stroke; a shove. 2. The stroke of a bell.—ro go at or to it ding- dong, to fight in right earnest. Din ghy ) (dlng'gi), n. (Naut.) (a) A boat varying Din gey J in size in different localities. (5) This name is now also applied to a ship's small boat. Spelled also Dinghee, Dhingy, Dingy. Din gi ly (dln'ji-li), adv. In a dingy manner. Din go (dlng'gO), n. (ZoOl.) The Australian dog (Canis Dingo), of A wolf-like appearance, and ex- tremely fierce. Th£ ears are 6hort and erect, the tail rather bushy, and the hair is of a reddish-dun color. It is very destructive to the flocks, killing more than it eats; so it is systematically destroyed. It is supposed to be an importation, but whence is uncertain. Din * tg-liall (dln;ing-h^l), n. A hall for a com- pany to din i in. Dink (dlngk), [A nasalized form akin to dight, deck.'] Neatly dressed ; trim; tidy; pert; contempt- uous. [Scotch.] Burns. Dink (dlngk), v. t. [See above.] Todress; to adorn. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Din mont (dln'mont), n. A wether between one and two years old, or that has not yet been twice 6horn. [Scotch.] Din na (dln'na). Do not. [Scotch.] Sin nlh f (dIn/na)«a- See Tinneh. Din ner (dm'ner), n. An entertainment; a feast. Din ner (din'ner), v. i. To take dinner ; to dine. [Scotch.] Burns. Din ner-hour (dTn'ner-oiir), n. The hour at which dinner is taken ; the hour spent in dining. Din nerly (din'ner-li); a. Of or pertaining to dinner ; attending upon dinner. Copley. Din ner-ta ble(dln//ner-ta/bl),n: A table at which dinner is taken. Din ner-time (dln'ner-tlm), n. The usual time of dining. Din nle (dtn'nl), «. [Freq. anddim. of din, noise.] A tremulous motion, especially with reverberatio j; a vibration ; a thrill. [Scotch.] Ane aye thinks at the first dinnle o' the sentence. . Sir W. Scott. Din nle (dln'nl), v. i. To shake with a tremulous motion, accompanied by a corresponding sound; to reverberate; to thrill; to vibrate. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Di nb saur (dl'no-sgx), n. (Paleon.) One oftheDi- nosauria. Di no sau ri a (dl'no-sg/'ri-a), ». See Dexno- saubia. Di no there (dfno-thSb), n. Same as Dinothe- rium. Di nox ide (dl-nQks'Id), n. Same as Dioxide. Din some (dm'sum), a. Full of din ; giving forth a loud sound; noisy. 4 The dinsome toun.' [Scotch.] Burns. Di o cese (dI'o-s5s). n. t A district or division of a country ; a province.. L. Addison. DI o di a (dl-0'di-a), «. [Gr., a passage through.] (Bot.) A genus of decumbent herbs, nat. order Rubiacese, natives of the warmer regions of America Di oe clan fdl-6'shan),) a. (Zodl.) Noting those Di ce cious (dI-6Ashusj, ) animals in which the sexes ere distinct. Opposed to monoecious.' Di ce cious ly (dl-e'shus-li), adv. In a dioecious manner, said of plants. DIPLACANTHUS Dl oe cious ness (dl-S^htis-nSs), n. The state at uality of being diceciou3. Darwin. (£ cism (dl-6'slzm). Same as Dioeciousness. Souths. Diogenes-crab (dl-8jven-§z-kr3b), n. (ZoOl.) A species of Coenobita, somewhat like the hermit- crab, found in the West Indies: so .called from its selecting a shell for its residence, as the Cynic phi- losopher did his tub. Di og. e nes-cup (dl-Sj'en-gz-kup), n. (Anat.) A term applied to the cup-like cavity of the hand, formed by bending the metacarpal bone of the lit- tle finger. Bl«ScCOUS K?S),h W-o-f-M°»See). Di on (dl'on), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. or- der Oicadaceae. The seeds of D. edule, a Mexican plant, yield a kind of arrow-root. Di o nse a (dl-o-nS'a), n. [From Gr. Aiuiaj, one of the names of Venus.] (Bot.) A genus of plants,nat. order Droseracese. Only one species is known, D. muscipula (Venus' fly-trap), a native of the sandy savannas of Carolina and Florida. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 3. Di op ter (dl-Op'ter), n. Same as Dioptra. Di op trie (dT-Qp'trik), a.—Dioptric, system (Light- houses), the mode of lighting in which the illumina- tion is produced by a central lamp, the rays from which are transmitted through a combination of lenses surrounding it. Called also the Refracting System. Di or rex in (dl'or-rgks'/In), n. [Gr. fita, through, and pj)£ts, a breaking, from prjyvvni, to break.] A detonating compound used .in mining operations, consisting of charcoal, nitrates of potassium and so- dium, sawdust, picric acid, and sulphur. Di or thot ic (dl'or-thbtf'ik), a. [Gr. fitopdwrueos, corrective.] 1. Relating to the emendation or correction of ancient texts. Diorthotio criticism. London Quart. Rev. 2» (Stirg.) Relating to diorthosis, or the restora- tion of crooked or distorted limbs to their proper shape. Di os co re a ce se (dl-os-kfVre-a^se-S), n. (Bot.) A nat. order of endogenous plants, with alternate, reticulate-veined leaves, belonging to Lindley's Dic- tyogens. Di os ma (dWSz'ma), n. [Gr. fitos, divine, and o«r- fir), odor, from o£a>, to smell.] (Bot.) A genus of rutaceous plants inhabiting Southern Africa. Di os py ros (dl-fis'pi-ros), n. [Gr. fitos, divine, and jri/pos, wheat—lit. celestial food.] (Bot.) A lfVrge genus of trees or shrubs, natives of the warm- er regions of the world, nat. order Ebenacete. The trees of this genus supply ebony wood. DI ox Ide (dl-Oks'Id), n. [Gr. fit. for fit's, and Eng. oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide which contains in each molecule two atoms of oxygen. Di ox y lite (dl-Sks^-lIt), «. [Gr. fit, for fit's, twice, of us, acid-, and Ai'0os, a stone.) (Min.) A -mineral composed of the carbonate and sulphate of lead. Dana. Di pet to (de pSt'tO). [It., lit. from the breast.] (Mus.) With the natural voice, as opposed to fal- setto. Diph da (dlf'da), n. [Ar.] (Astron.) The star £ of the constellation Cetiis. Diphtheric (dif-thSr'ik), \a. (Med.) Con- Diph the rit Ic (dlfthe-r!t//ik), J nected with, re- lating to, or formed by diphtheria. 1A diphtheritic deoosit.' West. Dlph the ri tis (dif'the-rr'tis), n. [Gr. 5i0epa, a skin.] (Pathol.) A name given to a class of dis- eases which are characterized by a tendency to the formation of false membranes, and affect the der- moid tissue, as the mucous membranes and even the skin. Dunglison. Dipli thong i za tion (dif'thong-iz-3''shun or dip'thong-iz-5,''shun), n. Same as Diphthongation. Sweet. Diph thong Ize (dlf'thong-Iz or dlp'thong-Tz), v. t. To form, as a vowel, into a diphthong. Whitney. Di phn ceph a la (dl/fu-s£f"a-la), n. pi. [Gr. fit^ujjs, of a double nature, and /ce^aA^, head.] (En- tom.) A genus of coleopterous insects; Pop. Cyo. Diphycerc (dlf'i-s6rk or dl'fi-serk), > Diph y cer cal (dif/i-s6rk//al ordI/fi-serk"al), J [Gr. fiit»jjs, of a double nature, and kepkos, the tail.] (Ichth.) A term applied to those fishes whose verte- bral column extends into the upper lobe of the tail.. Diph y es (dlf'i-Sz or dT'fi-Sz), ) n. pi. [Gr. fic- Diph y dse (dtf'i-dS or dl'fi-dS), J of double nature.] (ZoOl.) A genus and family of ccelente- rate animals, order Calycophoridae. * Dlphyodont (dlf'I-o-dSnt or dI'fI-o-d5nt), *. [Gr. 8i6vijs, double—fit, twice, and vtos, tooth.] (ZoOl.) One of that group of the mammalia which possess two succes- sive sets of teeth—a deciduous or milk set and a permanent set—as distinguished from the monophy- odonts, which develop only one set. Called also lZe*- erodonts. Diph y o zo old (dif^-o-zCoid or dl'fl-o-z0'/oid), n. [Gr. fit, twice, that in which the fundamental tone is the lowest.—Direct fire (Mil.), a firing in a direction perpendicular to the line of troops or line of works aimed at.—Direct interval (Mus.), an in- terval which forms any kind of harmony on the fun- damental sound which produces it, as the fifth, ma- jor third, and octave.—Direct motion, (a) (Mus.) parallel motion, when two or more parts in harmony move in the same direction. (6) (Astron.) Among the stars, a motion from west to east, like that of the planets generally.—Direct ray (Opt.)t a ray which is carried from a point of the invisible object directly to the eye, without being turned out of its rectilinear direction by any intervening body. Di rect er (dl-rSkt'er), n.—Directer plane (Qeom.), a plane to which all the right-lined elements in a warped surface are parallel. Webster. Di rect Ing Plane (dl-rgkWng pISd), n. (Persp.) A plane passing through the point of sight parallel to the plane of the picture. Di rect ing Point (dl-rgkt'ingpoint), H. (Persp.) The point where any original line meets the direct- ing plane. Direction (df-rSk'shun), n. 1. (R. Cath. Ch.) The guidance of a spiritual adviser ; the function of a director. 2* f Skill; judgment. * Men of sound direction.' SJiak.—Line of direction^ (a) (Gun.) the direct line in which a piece is pointed, (b) (Mech.) The line in which a body moves or endeavors to proceed accord- ing to the force impressed upon it; also, a line drawn from the center of gravity of any body per- pendicular to the horizon. Di rect i tude f (dl-rgkt'i-tlld), ». A state of dis- credit. Di rect Ive (dl-rgkt'Iv), a. f That may be direct- ed ; capable of direction. Swords and bows Directive by the limbs. Shah. DI rect ly (di-rSkt'li), adv. 1* (Math.) Quanti- ties are said to be directly proportional when the proportion is according to the order of the terms, DISANNULLING in Contradistinction to inversely or reciprocal ^ portioned, which is taking the proportion contrary to the order of the terms. 2* (Mech.) A body is said to strike or impinge directly against another body when the stroke is in a direction perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. Also, a sphere is said to strike directly against another when the line of direction passes through both their centers. Di rect or (di-r6kt'er),». 1. (R. Cath. Ch.) One who directs another in affairs of the spirit or con- science ; a spiritual guide. 2. (Surg.) A grooved probe, intended to direct the edge of the knife or scissors in opening sinuses or fiatulae ; a guide for an incision-knife. 3* (Elec.) A metallic instrument on a glass hand- le connected by a chain with the pole of a battery, and applied to a part of the body to which a shock is to be sent. Di rect o rate (dI-r6kt;o-rat)tn. 1* The office of a director. 2* A body of directors. Dire ly (dlr'li), adv. Inadirem r~ Drayton. DI rcmpti* (di-rSmt'), a. Parted; se* Stow. DI remptf {di-rSmt'), v. t. [Lat. dirivmp- tum% to take apart, from dis, asunder, and e...o, to buy, originally to take.] To take asunder; to sep- arate by violence; to break off. Holinshed. DI rep tl tlous(dI-rep-tIsh/us), a. Of or pertaining to direption; characterized by pillaging or robbery. DI rep ti tious ly f (dl-rep-tlsh'tis-li), adv. By way of direption or robbery. Strype. Dir gee fd^r'jS), n. In the East Indies, a native domestic tailor or seamster. Dirge ful (derj'fyl), a. Lamenting;wailing; moan- ing. Coleridge. Dir gie ) (dGi/ji), n. A name formerly applied in Dir gy J Scotland to a care usal after a funeral. Written also dredgy. Dir i ge t (d5r;i-je), n. (R. Cath. Ch.) A service for the dead ; a dirge. Chaucer. DI rfi ment Im ped 1 ment (dl'ri-ment im-pgd'- i-ment). [Lat. impedimei Jum dirimens, a destroy- ing impediment.] (R. Cath. Ch.) An impediment that nullifies marriage. Dirk-knlfe (ddrk'nlf), n. A clasp knife with a large blade like a dirk. Dlrl (dlrl), v. i. [Onomatopoetic, expressive of the sound produced by rapid vibrations.] To vibrate or shake, especially with a reverberating noise; to have tremulous motion; to*tingle; to thrill. iScotoh.] Bums. rl (dlrl), n. A blow such as produces a tingling sensation or sound ; the sensation or sound itself; vibration. [Scotch.] It just played dirl on the bane. Burns. Dirt (d&rt), n. 1. (Gold-mining.) A gold-miner'a name for the material, as earth, gravel, etc., put into his cradle to be washed. 2. Abusive or scurrilous language. Dirt-bed (dSrt'bgd), n. A bed or lay.er of mold with the remains of trees and plants, found especial- ly in working the freestone in tbe oolite formation of Portland, England. Dirt-eat Ing (dGrf'Stfing), n. 1. (Med.) Cach- ,exia Africana, a disorder of tht nutritive functions among negroes, and in.cert8i»- kinds of disturbance of the feminine health, in which there is an irresist- ible desire to eat dirt; chthonophagia. 2* The practice of certain tribes of South Amer- ica, as ?ne Ottomacs, of using certain kinds of ciay for food; geophagism. 3. (Fin.) The act of humbly eating, or taking back one's own words; submission to ipSult. DIrt>«pel let (dSrtf'pSl'et), n. A ball of clay or dirt. Dirt-pie (d^i-t'pl), n. Clay molded by children in imitation of a pie. Dirt-rotten (derf'rOt'tn), a. Badly decayed. * Dirt-rotten livers.' Shale. Dirt y (d6rt'i), a. (Applied to the weather) foul; sleety; rainy ; sloppy; uncomfortable. Jer. Taylor. Dis (dis), n. (Myth.) A name sometimes given to tbe god Pluto, the god of the lower world. Shak. Dis (dis), ». (Bot.) Festuca patula, a kind of grass which' grows in Tripoli and Tunis, and is largely imported for paper-making. Dis a ble f (dis-S'b! or diz-3'bl), a. Wanting ability; unable; incompetent. DanieU. Dis ac cept t (dls'ak-sSpt"), v. t. [Prefix dis, neg. or priv., and accept.] To refuse or to deny. Dis ac cord ant (dls'ak-kord^ant), a. Not ac- cordant : not agreeing. Dis a cid i fy (dTa'a-sId^i-fl), v. I. [Prefix ilfc, prlv., and acidif y.] To deprive of the quality of acidity: to free ffom acid; to neutralize the acid present in. Dis ad vise (dls'sd-vlz"), v. t. [Prefix dfs, and advise.] To advise against: to dissuade from; to deter by advice. [R. or obs. J To disadvise the purchase of it. Boyle. Disagreeancef (dls-'a-grS^ans), ». Disagree- ment. Udall. Dis a mis (dls'a-mis), n. (Logic.) A mnemonic word denoting a syllogism of the third figure. . Dis an a log ic al f (dis-Sn/a-15j//ik-al), a. Not analogous; without resemblance to. Dis an i ma tion (dis-fin'i-mS^shun or diz-5n'i- ma"shun), n. The act of discouraging; depression of spirits; dejection. [R.] Disannulling (dts'annSl^ling), n. Nullifica- tion ; act of annulling or rendering void. A disan- nulling of the commandment.' Seb. vii. 18. / IT ch, ofeain; g, go; j, job; ng,sing\ Hi, thQU; th, thin.; w wig- wh, uhlg; zh, azure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. On tliis page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in tlie latest editions of Webster s and Wox* tester's Unabridged Dictionaries. -DIS APPLIED Ills ap plied (dfs'ap-plld"), p. a. Misapplied. Coivper. Dis armature (diz-arm'a-tttr or dis-arm'a-ttir), n. The act of disarming; the act of divesting one's self or another of any equipment; divestiture. Dangerous disarmature. Sir W. Hamilton. Dis armed (diz-firmd' or dis-armd'), p. a. (Her.) A term applied to an animal or bird of prey without claws, teeth, or beak. DIs arm Ing (diz-&rm'ing or dis-arm'ing), n. Act of depriving of arms. Dis ar tic u la tion (dls'ar-tlk/fl-ia//shun),». The act of dividing, separating, or sundering, as a joint or articulation. Di3.Br tire (d!s/at-tlr//), v. t. [Prefix dis, and at- tire. j To unrobe; to deprive of, or remove the at- tire from. ' Spenser. DIs at tune (dls'at-ttln")* v. t. To put out of tune or harmony. Ld. Lytton. DIs nug ment (dls'^g-mSnt"), v. t. [Prefix dis, an4k augment.] To diminish ; to make less. [Obs. or R.} 1 Fortune disaugments not.' Quarles. Dis a vaunce f (dls'a-v&ns"), v. t, [Fr.] To drive back. Chaucer. DIs a vent ure f (dls'a-vSntf'llr), n. [Fr.] Mis- fortune ; mishap ; misadventure. Chaucer. Dis a vent ur ous f (dls'a-venf'tlr-iis), a. Mis- fortunate ; mi'sadventurous. Spenser. Dis bar (dis-b&r7), v. t. pret. and pp. disbarred; ppr. disbarring. (Law.) To expel from tbe bar, as a barrister} nearly equivalent to the unfrocking of a clergyman. Dis base f (dis-bSs')! v. t. To debase; to degrade. Dis bench (dis-bgnch')* v. t. (Law.) To deprive of the status and privileges of a bencher. Dis bur geon( dis-bferjun), v. t. [Prefix dis, priv.» and burgeon.] To strip of buds or burgeoHS. Dis cage (dis-kaj'), v. t. To take or put out of a cage. Fly dieoaged. Tennyson. Dis cal (dls'kal), a. Relating to or resembling a disk. Dis caind er f (dis-kSnd'er), v. i. To squander. Dis cant (dis'kant. or dis-k&nt'), n. Same as Des- cant. Dis card (dis-kftrd'), n. (Card-playing.) (a) The act of throwing out of the hand such cards as are unnecessary in the game. Eng.Eney. (b) The card or cards thrown out of the hand. Cavendish. Dis card ufte (dis-kftrd tlr), ». Dismissal; rejec- tion. Hayter. Dis cede f (dis-sSd'), v. i. [Lat. dis and cedo, to give up.] To give up ; to resign ; to yield. Dis cern a ble (ddz-z6rn'a-bl), a. Same as Dis- cernible. Dis cern ing (diz-z&rn'ing), n. The act or power of discerning ; discernment. Shale. Dis cerp tive (dis-sGrp'tlv), o. Capable of sepa- rating or dividing. N. B. Rev. Dis cert f (dls'ert), n. Same as Dessert. Discharge (dis-ctiftrj'), v. t. 1. (Arch.) To re- lieve a beam or any other piece of timber too much loaded by an incumbent weight of building, in which case the weight is said to be discharged; to distrib- ute or relieve the pressure of. 2. f To represent dramatically; to act as a drama. Shalt. Discharge (dis-ohftrj'), n. 1. (Arch.) The relief given to a beam or other piece of timber when too much loaded by a superincumbent weight. 2* (Chem.) A substance, such as chloride of lime or nitric acid, used by calico printers to remove a color from the parts on which the discharge is print- ed.—Discharge of fluids, the name given to that branch of hydraulics which treats of the issuing of water through apertures in the sides and bottoms of vessels.—Discharge style, a method of calico printing in which a piece of cloth is colored, and from parts of it—forming a pattern—the color is afterwards removed by a discharge. Dis cliarg er (dis-charj'er), n. (Calico-printing.) A discharge. See Discharge. 2. Dis charge-valve (dis-charj'v£lv), n. (Steam- Engines. ) A valve which covers the top of the barrel of the air-pump and opens upward. Dis charg ing Arch (dis-charj'ing arch), n. (Arch.) An arch formed in the substance of a wall to relieve tho part which is below it from the super- incumbent weight. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 5. Dis char i ty (dis-chir-l ti), n. Want of charity. iR.] Brougham. schevele* tPP» With the head uncovered. Chaucer. Dis chid i a (dis-kld'i-a), n. TGr. Afc, and , to split, from an obscure process in the conforma- tion of the flower.] (Bot.) A genus of Asclepiada- eesB found in India,the Indian Archipelago, and Aus- tralia. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 6. Dis ci pie-like (dis-sl 'pl-llk), a. Becoming a dis- ciple. Milton. Dis ci pline (dls'si-plTn), n. 1* The scourge a de- linquent uses in self-cha'stisement; or that wielded by his confessor or his confessor's substitute. 2. f Anything taught; branch of knowledge; art. * Mechanical disciplines.' Wilkins. 3. (Eccl.) A religious system of important cere- monies, observances, and duties; as fhe Anglican or Roman Catholic discipline. Disclama tion (dls/kla-m5//shun), ttj. (ScotsLaw.) The act of a vassal disavowing or disclaiming a per- son as his superior, whether the person so disclaimed be the superior or not. 254 Dis clame f (dis-MSm')* v. t. To refuse to have anything to do with ; to expel; to disavow. Spenser. Dis clan der t (dis-klSn/der), v. t. [Prefixdis, in- tens., and slander.] To slander. Chaucer. Dis clan der f (dis-kl&n'der), ». Slander. Hall. Dis clan der ous f (dis-kl&n'der-fis), a. Slander- ous. Fabyan. Dis cloak (dis-klOk'), v. t. To uncloak; to discov- -- IB-] Disclosed (dis-klOzd'), p. a. (Her.) A term ap- plied to tame fowls to denote that the wings are spread open or expanded on each side, but with their points downward.—Disclosed elevated is when the wings are spread out in such a way that tbe points are elevated. Dis cob o ius (dis-k&b'o-lus), n. pi. Dis cob o- 11 (di8-k5b/o-ir). [Lat. discobolus; from Gr. 6iotco?, a disk or quoit, and /3dAAto, to throw.] 1. (Class. Antiq.) A thrower of the discus or quoit; a quoit-player. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 7. 2. pi. (Ichth.) The name given by Cuvier to his third family of soft-finned teieostean flshe* with the ventrals under the pectorals. Disc o carp (dlsk'o-karp), [Gr. Disc o car pi um (d!sk/o-karp//i-um), f ®f flowers (Bot.), com- pound flowers not radiated, but with florets all tu- bular, as the tansy, southern-wood, etc.—Discoid pith is when tlrere are numerous air cavities divid- ing the pith into compartments which are separat- ed by disc-like partitions, as in the walnut.—Dis- coidal placentae, placentss or after-births which have the form of a circular flattened cake, as that of man, the quadrumana, bats, insectivora, and the rodents. Dis co lith (dls'kO-iith), n. [Gr. SiVkoc, a round plate, and Atflos, a stone.] A calcareous body with an organic structure found embedded in the bathy- bius. DIs col or (dfs'kfil-ur), o. [Lat. particolored.](.Bof.) Applied to parts, one of whose surfaces has one col- or and the other another color. DIs com fit f (dis-kum'fit), a. Defeated; discom- fited ; routed. Dis com for tenf (dis-k&m'fert-en), v. t. To dis- courage. Chaucer. Dis com mu ni ty (dIs'com-mtI//ni-ti), n. The state of not having possessions, relationships, char- acteristics, or properties in common; want of com- mon properties, qualities, or characteristics. Dissimilarity of embryonic development does not' prove discommunity of descent. Darwin. Dis com pll ance (dls/com-plfans), n. [Prefix dis, neg., and compliance.] Non-compliance; failure to comply. [R.] Pepys. Dis con so la cy t (dis-kOn/so-la-si), n. Disconso- lateness. Barrow. Disconsolate (dis-kOn'so-iat), v. t. To render dejected; to withdraw consolation from. Dis con ten ta tion f (dis-k5n' ten-ta^shun), n. Mental uneasiness; discontent. Sidney. DIs con tig u ous (d!s/kon-t!g//1l-u8), a. [Prefix dis, neg., and contiguous.] Not contiguous; as, dis- contiguous lands. Dis coph o ra (dis-k6f o-ra), ». pi. [Gr. 6uncos, a quoit, and epw, to carry.] 1. (ZoOl.) A sub-class of the Hydrozoa, compris- ing most of the organisms known as sea-jellies, Jelly- fishes, or sea-nettles. 2* (ZoOl.) A name sometimes given to the order of annelids, Hirudinea, to which the leech belongs. DIs co po di um (dls'ko-pO^'di-umJ.n. [Gr. a quoit, a disc, and ttovs, ttoScJs, a foot.] (Bot.). The foot or stalk on which some kinds of dies are ele- vated. Discordant (dis-cord'ant), a. (Oeol.) Applied to strata deposited horizontally on other strata which, through disturbing agencies, .have been in- clined in an oblique direction. Dis cor po rate (dis-kor'po-rat), a. Divested of the body; disembodied. Carlyle. Dis cor re spon dent (dis-k3r/re-sp3nd//ent), a. Unfitting; incongruous ; not corresponding with. DIs cost f (dis-k08t')» v. i. The same as Discoast. DIs count (dis'kount), n.-At a discount^ below par ; opposite at a premium ; hence, in low esteem; in disfavor; as, alchemy is now at a discount. DIs count (dis'kount or dis-kount'), v. t. To esti- mate a matter or tak'e it into account beforehand; to enjoy or suffer anything by anticipation ; to an- ticipate ; to discuss and form conclusions concern- ing any event beforo it occurs ; as, he discounted all the pleasure of the journey before setting out. The Scotsman. DIs connt-bro ker (dls^kount-brOk'er), n. One who cashes bills of exchange, and makes advances on securities. Simmonds. DIs count-day (dls'kount-day), n. The day of the week on which a bank discounts notes and bills. Dis coure f (dis-kOr7), v. t. To discover. Spenser. Dis course less (dis-kOrs'les), a. Without dis- course ; incapable of discoursing. ( Di3courseless brains.' Skelton. Dis cov er f (dis-kuv'er), v. i. To uncover; to ap- pear ; to unmask one's self; to show one's self; to become patent. ' This done they discover.' Decker. Dis cov er a bil i ty (dis-kfiv/er-a-bil//i-ti), n. Ca- pability of being di scoured; state or quality of being discoverable. DISESTABLISHMENT Discoverte, f a. [O. Fr.] Uncovered; naked; unr protected. Chaucer. DIs cov er y (dis-kfiv'er-i), n. 1. (Drama.) Th& unraveling of a plot, or the manner of unfolding the plot or fable of a comedy or tragedy. 2. (Law.) The act of revealing or disclosing any matter by a defendant in his answer to a bill of chancery. Dis erase (dls'kras),». [Gr. SZ?, double, and xpa (dis'en-2m//er), v. t. To free Dis en am our ) from the bonds of love; to make out of love. [R.] Dis en crese t (dls'en-krGs"), n. [Dis, prlv., and O. Eng. encrese, Eng. increase.] Diminution. Chaucer. Dis en crese f (dls'en-krSs"-), v.i. [Fr.] To de- crease. Chaucer. Dis en dow (dls'en-dou")* v. t. [Prefix dis, neg., and endow.] To deprive or divest of an endowment or endowments, as a church or other institution. Dis en san I ty t (di&-en-s2n'i-ti), n. [Prefix dis, priv., en, in, and sanity.] Insanity; folly ; unsound- ness of mind. Beau. riv., and haunt. J To cease to haunt; to quit; to eave. Dish-catch (dlslrfcftch), n. A- rack for dishes. Dis heart f (dis-hftrtf), v. <• To dishearten ; to dis- courage. Dis heart en ing (.dis-h&r'tn-ing), p. a. Render- ing dejected ; discouraging. Dis heart en ing ly (dis-hftr'tn-ing-li), adv. In a disheartening or discouraging manner. Dished (dlsht), p. a. 1* Placed in a dish ready for nerving. 2* Made concave ; hollowed like a dish. 3* (Print.) Applied to letters the center of which is lower than the edges, as in the letters iu an elec- trotype plate. 4. Disappointed ; ruined ; cheated. [Slang. J— Dished wheel, a wheel in which the spokes are in- clined to the nave, so that it is concave on one side, or in the form of a diRh, while' the other 6ide, which is placed next the carriage, is convex. Dis he ro (dis-hg'rO), v. t. To deprive of the char- acter of a hero ; to degrade from the reputation of a hero; to make unheroio or commonplace. Carlyle. Dis home (dis-hOm'l, v. t. To make homeless; to deprive of a home. 4 A dishorned nation.' [R. J t Contemp. Rev. Dis horse (dis-bors'), v. t. To dismount from horse- back. Then each dishorsed. ^ Tennyson. Dis house (dis-houz'), v. t. To render houseJ*»»»: to deprive of house or home; to unhouse. 4 Dis- housed villagers. * [R.l White. Dish*wash er (diBh"w8sh'er), ». 1. One who washes dishes. 2. A provincial name of the pied wagtail. Disil Iu sion(dfs/il-lfl'zhun),n. The act or process of disillusionizing or disenchanting; the state of being disillusionized or disenchanted; disenchant- ment. 4 Tho sorrow of disillusion.^ J. H. Lowell. Dis ii Sjl sion ize (drs'il-Ifl'zhun-TzJ, v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and ittusion.j To free from illusion ; to disenchant. Dis lm bit ter (dIe'im-bH"er), v. t. To deprive of bitterness; to free from acrimony. Disimprison (dls'im-prTz'un), v. t. To dis- cbarge froui prison ; to set at liberty ; to free from conflnem nt. Carlyle 255 Dis in close (dls'in-klOs"), v. t. [Prefix dis, nog., and inclose. J To free from inclosure; to throw open what has beon inclosed ; to dispnrk. Dis in di vid u al ize (dls-ln'di-vld"fl-al-lz), w. t. To destroy or change tho individuality or peculiar character of; to deprive of specidl characteristics.^ Charlotte Bronte. Dis in sure t (dls'in-shtlr"), v. t. To deprive of se- curity ; to render insecuro; to ^lace in danger. Dis in te (ion (dls-In/te-gra//shun), n. (Qeol.) Specifically, tb; weiring down of rocks, chiefly re- sulting from tho slow action of frosts, rains, and oth- er atmospheric influences. Dis in to gra tor (dis-In"te-grie'ter), n. One who or that which disintegrates; specifically, a machine for pulverizing, crushing, or breaking up various sorts of materials. Dis in ter ess (dis-In'ter-es), v. t. To render un- interested : to deprive of interest, Dis in ter essed (dis-In'ter-est), a. Same as Dis- interested. Dis in ter est t (dis-In'ter-est), a. Disinterested. 4 Disinterest and even.' Jer. Taylor. DIs in tlirall don) (dls'in-thr&K'dum), n. Same as Dixinthrallment. Dis in va lid I ty f (dis-Tn/va-ITd"i-ti), n. [Prefix dis, iutens., and invalidity.] Invalidity; lack of strength. Mountagu. DIs til vig or ate (dTs'in-vTg"or-at), v. t. To de- prive of vigor ; to weaken ; to rplax. Sidney Smith. Dis jas kit (dis-jas'kit), p. a. [A corruption of O. Eng. and Sc. disjected. Mod. Eng. dejected.] Jaded ; decayed; worn out. [Scotch.] Gait. Dis Joint t (dis-joint'), n. A dlffloult situation. Chaucer. Dis junct ^dis-jtingjtt' or diz-jtingkt'), a. [Lat. dis- junctus, pp. of disjungo—dfs, and jungos to join.] ( Entom.) A term applied to an insect whose head, thorax, and abdoipen are separated by a deep incis- ion.—-Disjunct tetrachords (Mus.), tetraohords hav- ing such a relati v. t. [Prefix disr priv., and nest.] To dislodge, as from a noft. Dryden. Dis o bei sancef (dIs/o-ba''6ans),n. Disobedience. Hall. Dis o bei sant f (dIsyo-b5//sant), a. Disobedient. Chaucer. DIs o bey (dWo-ba"), ». i. To refuse to obey; to disregard orders. He durst not know how to disobey. Sir P. Sidney. Di som a toils (d!-s6m a-tus or dl-sCma-tfis), o. [Gr. fit, for 8i<>, twice, and . In a disquieting manner; in a manner so as to destroy quiet or tran- quillity. [R.] Shale. 256 Dis ra pi erf (dis-ra'pi-er or dlz-ra'pi-er), v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and rapier.J To disarm or de- prive of a rapier. B. Jonson. Dls rate (dis-r3t' or diz-raf), v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and rate. J (Naut.) To degrade in rank or station; to reduce to an inferior rank ; to disrank. Dis re spect a bil i ty (dls're-spgkt'a-bTr'i-ti), n. The state or quality of being disrespectable; that which is disreputable; blackguardism. Thackeray. Disrespectable (dls're-spekt"a-bl), a. Un- worthy of respect; not respectable; also, unworthy of much consideration or esteem. Carlyle. Dis rout (dis-rout7 or diz-rout'), v. i. To scatter in flight ; to be routed." [R.] Dis rud der (dis-rGd'er or diz-riid'er), v. t. [Pre- fix dis, priv., and rudder.] To render rudderless ; to deprive of a rudder. Dls ru lyf (dis-rcJl'i or diz-rOl'l), a. Unruly; tur- bulent. Chaucer. Disruption (dis-rfip'shun or diz-rup'shun), n. (Eccl.) The term applied to the rupture which took place in the Established Church of Scotland in 1843, when 474 ministers and professors demitted their charges. Disruptive (dis-rfipt'Iv or diz-r&pt'Iv), a. 1. Causing, or tending to cause, disruption; rending ; bursting or breaking through ; accompanied by dis- ruption ; as, disruptive forces. 2* Produced by or following on disruption; as, disruptive effects. Dls rupt ure (dis-fupt'tlr or diz-rfipt'flr), v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and rupture.J To rupture; to rend ; to sever by tearing, breaking, or bursting. J,R-] Dls s rupt ure (dis-riipt'flr or diz-r&pt'tlr), w. Dis- ruption ; a rending asunder. Dis sa vent ure f (dis'a-vgnf'fir), n. [It. dissa- ventura, misfortune, mishap.] Misfortune; mis- hap ; mischance. Spenser. Dis sembling (dis-sSm'bling), n. The assump- tion of a false character; hypocrisy. Shak. Dis sem i na ted (dis-sSm^i-nat'ed),p. ax (Min.) Scattered in small masses or portions through some other substance. Dis sen ta ny f (dls'sen-ta-ni), a. Dissentaneous; inconsistent. Milton. Dis sent ing (dis-sSnfing),#. a. Having the char- acter of dissent; belonging to or connected with a body of dissenters; as, a dissenting minister or congregation ; a dissenting chapeL Dissepiment (dis-sgp'i-ment), n. (ZoOl.) A name given to the imperfect horizontal plates which connect-the vertical septa in corals, and divide the loculi inclosed between the septa into a series of cells communicating with each other.—Spurious dis- sepiments !(Bot.), divisions in ovaries not formed by the sides of the carpels. Dis ser tate (dls'ser-tat or dis-s6r'tat)., v. i. To speak or write in dissertation; to deal in disserta- tions; to discourse. [R.J J. Foster.' Dis set tied ness (dis-s6t'tld-nes), n. The con- dition or quality of being unsettled. [R.] Dls sev er ing (dis-s6v'er-ing), n. Disseverance ; separation. 1 The dissevering of fleets.' Raleigh. Dis s'ev er ment (dis-sgv'er-ment), n. Dissever- ance ; the act of separating, disjoining, or dividing asunder; state of being dissevered. ' The dissever- ment of bone and vein.* Charlotte Bronte. Dls shad ow t (dis-shftd'O), v. t. To free from shadow or shade. O. Fletcher. Dis sheathe! (dis-shefh') v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and sheath.] To unshenth. Dis sheathe (dis-sheth'), v. i. To drop or fall from a sheath ; to become unsbeathed. Raleigh. Dls shipt (dis-shlp), v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and ship. 1 To remove from a ship ; to unship. Dis slkiv er t (dis-shTv'er), v. t. [Prefix dis, asun- der, and shiver.] To shiver in pieces. Spenser. Dls si dent (dls'si-dent), ». [Lat. dissidens, dissi- dente*. J (Reel.) A Lutheran, Calvinist, or adherent of the Greek Church in Poland, who, under the old elective monarchy, was allowed the free exercise of his faith. Lord Chesterfield. Dis sight (dis-sTt'), n. [Prefix dis, neg., and eicr/i/.l An eyesore; anything offensive to the sight. [R.j Dissil 1 en cy (dis-sli-l-en-si or dis-sll'yen-si), n. Desilience. Dis slm 1 la tlon (dis-slm'i-ia^shun), n. The act or process of rendering dissimilar or different; specifically (Philol.), the change of a sound to an- other and different sound when otherwise two simi- lar sounds would come together or very close to each other, as in Lat. alienus for aliinus, It. peleg- rino, from Lat. peregrinus. Dis sim u la tor (dis-slm'£l-ia"ter), n. One who dissimulates or dissembles ; a dissembler. Ld. Lytton. Dis sim u ling f (dis-slm'fl-ling), n. The act of dissembling or dissimulating; dissemblance; dis- simulation. Chaucer. Dis si pate (dls'si-pat), v. t. To weaken, as the mind or intellect, by giving one?« self up to too many pursuits; to squander upon, or devote to, too many different subjects. The extreme tendency of civilization is to dissipate all intellectual energy. Hazlitt. Dis si pa tlon (dls'si-pa^shun), n. (Physic.) The insensible loss of the minute partides of a body, which fly off, so that the body is diminished or may altogether disappear.—Circle of dissipation (Opt.), the circular space upon the retina of the eye, which DISTEMPEREDNESS is takgn up by one of the extreme pencils of raya issuing from any object.—Radius of dissipation, the radius of the circle of dissipation. Dis site f (dls'slt), a. [Lat. dissitus—dis, asunder, and situs, placed. J Situated apart; scattered ; sep- arate. Holland. Dissociation (dis-sO'shi-a^shun), n. (Chem.) The decomposition of a compound substance into its primary elements by heat or by mechanical press- ure. The dissociation of compound vapors into their pri- mary elements. Edin. Rev. Dis so ci a tive (dis-sC'shi-afiv), a. Tending to dissociate; specifically (Chem.), resolving or reduc- ing a compound to its primary elements. The... .transformation of solar radiation into disso- ciative action. Edin. Rev. Dissolution (dls'so-li^'shun), n. (Law.) Tho act or process of annulling, as a contract or injunc- tion.—Dissolution qf the blood (Med.)t that state of the blood in which, when taken from the body, it does not readily coagulate on its cooling, as seen in fevers of a malignant type. Dissolved (diz-z51vd'), p. a. Converted into a liquid ; melted.—Dissolved blood (Med.), blood that does not readily coagulate on cooling. Dls solv i ble f (diz-zOlv'i-bl), a. Liable to dis- solution. Sir M. Hale. Dis solv ing (diz-zOlv'ing), p. a. Melting; mak- ing or becoming liquid; breaking up; separating ; vanishing.—Dissolving views, views pninted on glass elides, which, by a particular arrangement and ma- nipulation of two magic lanterns, can be made to appear and vanish at pleasure, others replacing them., Dis soned f (dls-sOnd'), p. a. [Fr.] Dissonant. Chaucer. Dis spir it (dis-splr'it), v. t. Same as Dispirit. Dls sua so ry (dis-swa'so-ri), n. A dissuasive; dissuasion. [R.] His dissuasories. Jeffrey. Dis sua so ry (dis-swa'so-ri), a. Dissuasive. [R.] Dis syl lab i fl ca tlon (dls'sil-l&b'i-fi-ka^shunj, n. Act of forming into two syllables. Dis tack, le (dis-tak/l)> v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and tackle. 1 To divest of tackle or rigging. Dis tad (dls'tad), adv. (Anat.) Away from the center t toward the far extremity ; toward the dis- tal aspect of the body. Dis tain (dis-tan'), v. t. f To take away the color of, and hence to weaken the effect of by compari- son ; to cause to pale ; to outvie. Chaucer. Dls tal (dls'tal), a. [From distant: formed on the type of central.] (Anat., Bot. and ZoOl.) Applied to the end of a bone, limb, or organ farthest removed from the point of attachment or insertion, or to the quickly growing end of the organism of a hydro- zo5n ; situated away from or at the extremity most distant from the center ; as, the distal aspect of a bone. Dis tal ly (dTs'tal-li), adv. Toward the distal end; toward tho extremity ; remotely. Dis tance (dls'tans), n.' 1. Ideal space or separa- tion. Qualities that affect our senses are, in the things themselves, so united and blended, that there ie no distance between them. Locke. 2* Contrariety; opposition. Banquo was your enemy, So he is mine, and in such bloody distance. Shak. 3« (Mil.) Space between bodies of troops meas- ured from front to rear. Goodrich.—Mean distance of the planets (Astron.), a mean between their aphelion and perihelion distances.—Proportional distances of the planets (.4sfron.), the distances of the several planets from the sun, compared with the distance of any one of them considered as unity.— Real distances (Astron.), the absolute distances of those bodies as compared with any terrestrial meas- ure, as miles, leagues, etc.—Law of distances (^la- tron.), a la^t 4>served by Prof. Bode of Berlin, thus expressed: The intervals between the planetary orbits go on doubling as we recede from the sun, or nearly so.'—Accessible distances, such distances as may be measured by the application of any lineal measure.—Inaccessible distances, Buch as cannot be measured by the application of any lineal measure, but by means of angles and trigonometrical rules and formulae.—Line of distance (Persp.), a straight line drawn from the eye to the principal point of the plane.—Point of distance (Persp.), that point: in the horizontal line which is at the same distance' from the principal point as the eye is from the same, j —Angular disff}nce, the angle of separation which the directions of two bodies include. The term «p-, parent distance is frequently applied in the s^-pi case. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 8. Dis tance less (dls'tans-les), a. Preventing fromi having a distant or extensive view; dull; gloomy. Kingsley.] Dis tance-signal (dis/'tans-8lg/nal), n. (Rail.)] The most distant of the series of signals under the control of a signal-man. Dls tan cy t dls'tan-si), ». Distance. More. Dls taste t (dis-tast'), v. i. To be distasteful; to taste badly ; to be unsavory. Shak. Dis tast ure t (dis-taet'llr), n. The state of being displeased, dissatisfied or vexed. Speed. Dis tem pered ness (dis-tSm'perd-nes), n. State or quality if being distempered. Notation : a, 6,1,0, 0, long; &, 8,1,8, ft, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; Iflr, f&ll, f#st, cAre j JW On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. h£r, mOve, or; bull, ti, Fr.; . fi, Fr., ton; the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-DISTEMPERING His tem per Ing (dis-tSm'per-ing), n. (Paint.) The process of painting in distemper. Bis tick (dls'tik), i a. — Distichous spike Dis tich ous (dls'tik-fis),J (Bot.)y a spike which has all the flowers pointing two ways. I>ls till ate (dis-tll'at), n. (Chern.) A fluid distilled, Rnfi found in the receiver of a distilling apparatus. Dls till a tion (dls'til-5" shun), n. — Fractional distillatic (Chem.), the separating of one volatile substance from another by keeping the mixture at that temperature at which the most volatile will pass over into the condenser. Dls til la to ry (dis-tll'la-to-ri), ». 1* Anappara- tua used in distillation ; a still. 2. (Her.) A charge borne by the Distillers' Com- pany, and usually blazoned 'a distillatory double armed, on fire, with two worms and bolt-receivers.* Called also Limbeck. Dis till ing (dis-tiTing), n. Act or process of dis- tillation. Dis tlnct ly (dis-tingkt'li),adv. 1* Separately; in different pi ices. . Shak. 2. t W th meaning; intelligibly; significantly. Shak. Dis tlnct or (dis-tlngkt'er), n. One who distin- guishes or makes distinctions. Holinsheil. Dig tin guish er (dis-tlng'gwish-er), n. One who recognizes accurately the difference of things: keen or judicious discriminator. Dig till guish Ing (dis-tlng'gwish-ing), a.—Dis- tinguishing pennant (Nant.), the special flag of a ship, or a particular pennant hoiBted to call atten- tion to signals. Dls to ma (dls to-ma), n. [Gr. fit's, twice, and oto- i*.a, the mouth.J (ZoOl.) A genus of trematode or suctorial parasitical worms or flukes, / inhabiting various parts in different animals. Dl hqpaticum\ or common liver fluke, is the best known. It in- habits the gall-bladder or ducks of /the liver in sheei*, and Is the cause of the direase/known as the rot. / Dls tort or (dis-tort'or), h. [Lat.] One who or that which distorts.—Distortor oris (Anao.), a name giv- en to one of the zygomatio muscle®, from its dis- torting the mouth, as in rage, grinning, etc. Dls tour ble t (dis-t6r-bl), v. t. ^Fr.J Todlsturb. Chaucer. Dig tract f (dis-trftkt), a. Drawn apart; separated. Dig tract fill (dis-trakt'f^l),o. Distracting ; tend- ing to distract; perplexing; full of distracting in- fluence. [R.J Dig train er (dls-trfin'er), n. Same as Distrainor. Dig tress (dis-trfis'), n. (Scots Law.) A pledge tak- en by the sheriff from those who came to fairs, for their good behavior, which, at the end of the fair or market, was delivered back if no harm were done. Dig tregg ing (dls-trCs'ing), n. Distress ; misery ; calamity; adversity. 'Joy after long distressing.' ("R.J Fletcher. Dls tresg-sale (dis-trgs'sfll), n. (Law.) A forced sale of goods, chattels, etc., under a distress-war- rant Dig trlb lite (dis-trTb'tlt), v. i. To make distri- bution ; to exercise charity or almsgiving. * Distrib- uting tib the necessity of saints.' Rom. xii. 13. Dig trlb ut ed (dls-trlb'flt-ed), p. a.—Distributed term (Logic.), a term employed in its full extent, so as to comprehend all its significates, or everything to which it is applicable. Dig trl bu tlon(dl8 tri-bfl/'shun), n.- Distribution of electricity, a term employed to signify the densi- ties of the electric fluid in different bodies placed so as to act electrically upon one another; or in different part* of the same body, when the latter has been subjected to the electrical influence of an- other body.—Distribution of heat, a term expressive of the several ways by which the rays of heat, as they fall upon the surface of a solid or liquid body, may be disposed of, as by reflection, by absorption, or by transmission.--Geographical distribution (Bot. and Zo6l.), that branoh of the respective sciences whioh treats of the distribution of plants and animals over the surface of the earth.— Statute of distribution (Law), a statute which regulates the distribution of the personal estate of intestates. Dig trlb u tlve (dis-trlb'fl-tlv), a.—Distributive finding of the issue (Law), an issue found by a jury which is in part for the plaintiff and in part for the defendant. Dig tribu tlve (dis-trlb'fl-tlv), n. (Oram.) A word that divides or distributes, as each and every, which represent the individuals of a collective num- ber as separate. Dig trl chous (dls'tri-kOs), a. Having two rows ; spread apart on either side of a medial line, as the hairs of a squirrel's tail. Distrlctlyf (dls'trikt-li), adv. In a stringent manner; stringently ; rigorously. Foxe. District-parish (dlsnrikt-pSr'ish), n. (£lcf.) In England, an ecclesiastical division of parishes for all purposes of worship, and for the celebration of marriages, christenings, churchiugs, and burials. In Scotland there are similar divisions of parishes, oalled quoad-sacra parishes. Dlstrlngag (dis-trlng'gas or dis-trTn'gas), n. (Law.) (a) A writ formerly issuing against the goods and chattels of a defendant who did not ap- pear. (6) A writ after judgment for the plaintiff in the action of detinue, to compel the defendant by repeated distresses of his goods, to give up the chat- tel detained. 257 Dig turb ant f (dis-t£rb'ant), a. Causing disturb- ance ; disturbing ; turbuleut. Feltham. Dig tur ba tion t (dIs/terb-&//,8hun), n. Disturb- ance. Daniel. Dis turbed (dis-t6rbd'), P- a. (Qeol.) Thrown out by violence from some original place or position; as, disturbed strata. Dis turb er (dis-t6rb'er), ». 1* (Law.) One that interrupts or oauses inconvenience to another or incommodes him in the peaceable enjoyment of his right. 2. (Eccl.) A bishop who refuses or neglects to ex- amine or admit a patron's clerk, without reason as- signed or notice given. Dis turn pike (dis-t&rn'plk), v. t. To free from turnpikes; to remove turnpikes or toll-bars from, so as to give free traffic or passage on ; as, dtsturn- piked roads. Dis tu tor f (dis-tfl'tor), v. t. [Prefix dis, priv., and tutor.] To divest of the state, office, or rank of a tutor. A. Wood. Di sul pliide (dl-sfil'ftd or dl-siU'fld), n. [Qr. fit, twice, and sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide contain- ing two atoms of sulphur. Dis u til ize (dis-fl'til-Iz), t\ t. To turn fronj a useful purpose; to render useless; to deprive of utility or value. 'Annulled the gift, disutilized the grace.' Browning. Dig veil oped (dis-vgl'upt),p. a. (Her.) A term used to signify displayed, as an ensign or colors when open and flying. Die vis or (dis-vlz'er), v. t. To deprive of a visor ; to take off the visor or mask which covers the face. Hall. Dls wltf (dls-wlf), v. t. To deprive or divest of wit or understanding. Dig wit tedf (dis-wlt'ed)a. [Prefixdis, priv., and Ufitted. j Deprived of wits or understanding. Drayton. Dig wor slllpf (dis-wdr'ship"), v. t. To dishonor in worship; to deprive of worship or dignity. Udall. Dls worthf (dis-wdrth'), v. t. To diminish the worth of; to degrade. Feltham. Dls yoke (dis-yOkOt t>. t. [Prefix dis, neg., and yoke.] To unyoke ; to free from any trammel; to disjoin. Dlsyoke their neoks from custom. Tennyson. Ditch (dlch), n.—To die in the last ditch, to resist to the last extremity; to fight to the bitter end ; to die rather than yield. [A saying first used by William of Orange.] Hume. Ditch-bur (dlch'bSr), n. (Bot.) The common burdock ; the clotbur. Dilch-de 11 v ered (dfch"de-llv/erd), a. Produced or brought forth in a ditch. * Shak. Ditch-dog (dlch'dOg), n. A dead dog thrown into a ditch. [But possibly it may be the water vole that is here meant.] Shak. Dltcli ing (dlch'lng), n. The act or art of making ditches. Ditch like (dlch'llk), a. Like a ditch. Dltcli-wat er (dlch"wafter), n. The stale or stagnant water collected in a ditch. Dite (dlt), v. t. 1. To diotate; as, you write, I'll dite. 2. To write. [0. Eng. and Scotch.] Chaucer Dl the cal (dt-thS1tal), a. [Gr. fit, for fit's, twice, and 0>a case.] (Bot.) Having two loculaments or cavities in the ovary. Dl tion a ry f (dlsh'un-a-ri), a. Under rule; sub- ject ; tributary. Chapman. Di tion a ry f (dlsh'un-a-ri), n. A subject; a trib- utary. Eden. Di to kous (dr to-kOs), a. [Gr. fit, two, and toko?, birth, from tUtui, to bring forth.] (Qrnith.) Ap- plied to those birds which produce but two eggs, as the humming bird and pigeon. Di trl he dri a (dl-trl-hg'dri-a), n. [Gr. fit, for fits, twice, tpels, three, and efipa, a seat,twice three Hides. ] (Min.) A gsnus of spars with six sides or planes, be- ing formed of two trigonal pyramids joined base to base, without an intermediate column. Dlt tay (dit'ta),n. [O. Fr. ditte,dicte, Lat.dictatum, something dictated or written, from dietare, freq. of dii-o, dictum, to say, to tell. J (Scots Law.) A tech- nical term signifying the matter of charge or ground of indictment against a person accused of a crime ; also, the charge itself. Dlt ty (dlt ti), v. i. To sing as a ditty; to warble a little tune. [R.] Dit ty-bag (Ult'ti-bSg), n. A small bag or liflfase- wife used by sailors for holding the necessary arti- cles for mending their clothes, such as needles, thread, etc. Dit ty ing (dit'ti-ing), n. Act of singing ditties. 'Cheerful dittying.') Fletcher. Di u ret ic al ness (dra-rCfik-al-nes), n. Quality of being diuretic. [R. | Dl ur na (dl-6rn'a), n.pl. (Entom.) According to Latreille, a section of lepidopterous insects, cor- responding with the Linnwan genus Papilio, or but- terflies, chiefly characterized by having club-shaped antenn®. Di ur nal (dT-Srn'al), a. (Bot.) Applied to flowers which open during the day, and close at night; also to flowers which endure but for a day, as the flower of Tigridia. —Diurnal aberration ( Astron. ),thu aber- ration of light produced by the combined effoct of the motion of light and the earth's rotation.— Diur- nal arc, the apparent arc described by the heavenly bodies in consequence of the rotation of the earth. DIVULGATES —Diurnal motion of a planet, the number of degrees, minutes, etc., which a planet moves in twenty-four hours. Diurnal (dl-6rn'al), n. (B. Cath. Ch.) A name especially applied to a small volume containing a record of the daily service for what is denominated the 4 little hours.' Div (dlv). Scotch form of do, auxiliary. Sir W. Scott. Di va ga tion (dl'va-g&^shun), n. [Lat. divagor% divagatus,to wander about—di, for dis, asundel-; and vagor, to wander.J A going astray ; deviation ; di- gression. [R.] Thackeray► Di vap o ri za tion (d!-v2pyo-r i-z5"shun), »► (Chem.) Same as Divaporalion. Divaricate (dl-vSr'i-kat), v. i. To diverge or depart from. 'To divaricate from the will of God.'* Contemp. Rev.. di vast f (dl-vfl8t')» a. Devastated ; made desolates laid waste. . Owen. Dive dap per (dlv//dflp/er), ». Same as Didapper- (which see). Div el t (dlv'l), n.- A form of devil.—The divel on his neck. See extract. Certain strait irons called the divel on his neck tot- punishment. Fuxe. Div er (dlv'er), n. One who enters deeply into a. study ; one who engages heartily in any business. Di verse (dl-v6rs'), v. t. To diversify. Chaucer. DI ver sif lo rous (drver-e.lf"lo-rQs), o. (Bot.) A term applied to a plant or inflorescence bearing- flowers of two or more sorts. Di ver si ty (dT-v6r'si-ty), n.—Diversity of person (Law), a plea by a prisouer in bar of execution, alleging that he is not the same who was attainted. Di vers ly (dl'vers-li), adv. Diversely. Di ver so ill tu i tu (dl-ver'so in-tG'i-tu). [Lat.) (Law.) By a different process or mode of proced- ure ; with a different purpose or intention; from a different point of view, Di ver so ry tCdl-v&r'so-ri), n. [Lat. divereorium.}' A lodging place or wayside inn. Dl ver so ry (dl-vGr'so-ri), a. Tending or serving to divert. Di vert (dt-v6rt'), v. t. 1. To draw to a different, point, as the forces of an'enemy. 2* f To subvert; to destroy. Shak. Diver ti ble (dl-vert'i-bl), a. That may be diverted. Diver tide (dl-v6rt'i-kl), n. (Anat.) A blind tube or coecum branching out of the course of a longer one, either normally or as a malformation. Di ver tic u lum (drver-tlk"0-lum), n. Same as Diver ticle. Di ver ti men to (d5-var/t6-m6n"t0), n. [It.] (Mus.) A short pleasant composition, vocal or in- strumental, written in a light and familiar style. Divide (dl-vld7), v. t. 1. To embarrass by inde- cision ; to allow to hesitate or fluctuate between dif- ferent motives or opinions; as, he was very much divided in his mind. ' This way and that dividing the swift mind. Tennyson. 2. (Jifus.) To vary a simple theme or melody With a course of notes so connected as to form one series. Spenser. 3. To mark graduated divisions on; to graduate4,, as, to divide a sextant. Di vide (dt-vld')i v. t. To disagree; to be of differ- ent opinions. Critics have divided apon this matter. Waterland.. Di vid er (dl-vld'er), n. A soup-ladle. Di vid ing (dl-vld'ing), n. Division; separation. Di vid ing (dl-vld'ing), p. a.—Dividing engine, an apparatus for producing the divisions of the scales. . or limbs of mathematical and philosophical instru- ments. Di vid ing ly (dl-vld'ing-li), adv. By division. Di vid u al (dl-vld'Q-al), n. (Math.) One of the> several parts of a dividend from which each separate figure or term of the quotient is found. Di vine (dl-vlny), a. Relating to divinity or theolo- gy. 'Church history and other divine learning,' South.—Di vine right of kings (Politics), the nbsolute and unqualified claim set up by sovereigns to the obedience of their subjects.—Divine service (tenure by) (Law), an absolute holding, in which the ten- ants had to perform certain divine services, as to sing a specified number of masses, expend a certain sum in alms, etc. Di vine (dl-vTn'), n. f Divinity. Di vine ment f (dl/yTn'ment), «. Divination. North.'1 Dl vin 1 sa tion > (dl-vln'i-z3"shun), n. Act of del- Di vin 1 za tion ) fying; deification; act of em-, bodying in a divinity. The glorification and divin-- isation of this natural bent of mankind.' * 4 Matt. Arnold.' Div ing-dress (dfv'ing-drCs), n. A water-proof dress of india-rubber used by professional divers. ! Div ing-stone (dlv'ing-stOn),». A name given to a species of jasper. Di vin i fy t (di-vTn'i-fl), v. t. To deify ; to render diyine ; to sanctify ; to partake»of the divine nature. Di vtn Is tre t (dl-vIn'is-terVn. A divine. Chaucer. Di vl slve ness (dl-vls'lv-nes or dl-vlz'iv-ues), >v The state or quality of being divisive; tending to split up or separate into units. Carlyle. Divorce a ble (di-vnrs'a-bl;, o. That can be di- vorced ; capable of being divorced. Div til gat er t (dlv'ul-gSf'er), n. He who diyul- x gates or makes known ; he who publishes. cb,chain;, g, go\ Job; ng, eing; Cb, then; th, thin; ir, t&ig; wh, whig', zh, asure j oo, food; oi, ofl; ou, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- tester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DIZZAEDL1 258 DOLIOLUM CMzzardlyf (dlz'erd-li), a. Like a dizzard or . blockhead. Wilson. Diz zi ly (dYz'i-li), adv. In a dizzy manner; giddi- ly ; confusedly. Diz zy-eyed (diz'i-Id), a. Rendered blind through dizziness. Dizzy-eyed fury.' Shah. Djeb elCjSb'el). An Arabian word signifying mount- ain ; as, Dje&ef-el-Mousa, the mountain of Moses; Dje&ef-el-Tarik, the mountain of Tarlk (Gibraltar). Written also Jebel. Dje reed (jer-rSd'), n. A blunt javelin used in ori- ental military sports. Written also Djerrid. Djinn (jin), n. Same as Jinn. Djin nee (jtn'nS), n. Same as Jinnee. Do (dd), v. t. 1. (Stock Exchange.) To advance money on, or cash a bill or note; to discount. \ 2. To outdo, as in fighting; to beat. I have done the Jfew and am in good health. Rich. Humphreys. 3. To inspect the sights of; to visit the principal objects of interest in ; to explore completely; as, I have done Franoe and Italy. [A tourist's expres- sion.] > 4. To prepare; to cook; as, be sure to do the • meat thoroughly.—To do one's best, to' extort one's self to the utmost; to make the mos^ diligent ef- forts.—To do orer, (o) to perform again ; to repeat; as, do your exercise over again, (b) To put a coat- ing, as of paint, upon ; to smear; as, I intend doing the roof over with tar.—To do up, (a) to open: in this sense usually contracted into dup. [Obs.l (6) To accomplish in a complete manner. [Colloq. J (c) to starch and iron; as, to do up a dress. (d) To have carnal connection with.— WhaVs to do heref what Is the matter here? what is all this aboulf Shah.—To do is also used colloquially, as a noun, to signify bustle, stir, ado. So©f(^°)' w* A. cheat; an imposture. [Colloq.. Do (do), n. (Mus.) The name given by the Italians and the English to the first of the syllables used In solmization, and answering to the ut of the French. Do. An abbreviation of ditto, and usually pronounced ditto. Do ab >(dft'ab), n. In the East Ii^dies, a tract of Doo ab ) country between rivers. Do a ble (dO'a-bl), a. That can be done or executed. Do-all (dd'&l), a. A factotum; one who does all kinds of work; a general manager. 'Dunstan was the do-all at court.' Fuller. Do as ta (d0-&s'ta), n. [Hind.] An inferior Indian ardent spirit. Doat lug-piece (d0t'ing-p6s), ». A person or thing doatingly loved; a darling. Richardson. Dob ee (ddb'S), n. In the East Indies, a native wash- erman. Dob er eider's Lamp (d5b'er-In"erz limp), n. A contrivance for producing an instantaneous light, in ve a ted by Professor Dobereiner, of Jeaa, in 1824. Dob hash, (dOb'h&sh), n. [Hind, do-bhashiya, an interpreter—do, two, and bhashiya^ language.] In the East Indies, an .interpreter; one who speaks two languages. Dob bie (dBb'i), n. A kind of spirit or hobgoblin akin to the Scotch Brotqnie. [Northern English.] Sir W. Scott. Do cet ic (a\i]t the head.X (Ethn.) Long-headed: a term used in ethnology to denote those skulls in which the diameter from side to side, or the transverse diameter, bears a less proportion to the longitudinal diameter (or that from front to back) than 8 to 10. The West African negro pre- sents an example of the dolichocephalic skull. Dol i cho ceph a ly (d51''i-ko-sef"a-li), ) * Dol i cho ceph a lism (dOl'i-ko-sef'al-lzm), ) w" (Ethn.) Quality, state, or condition of being doli- chocephalic. i Dol i cho ke phal ic (d51,i-ko-ke-f51/'ik), Dol i cho keph a lous (dSl/i-ko-k€f/J'al-iis), > Same as Dolichocephalic. < Dol i cho pod i die (dSl'i-ko-pSd^i-de^ n. pi. [Gr. 6oAixo?, long, wovs, irofios, a foot, aud etoo?, resem- blance.] (Entom.) A family of insects belonging to the order Diptera, comprising a number of flies with brilliant metallic colors and long legs. I Dol i cho sau~rus (dQ]/i-ko-sa//rus), n. [Gr. BoA- tx<>9, long, and craOpos, a lizard. ' Lit. long-lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct' snake-like reptile found in the chalk formations. Dol i man (d51'i-man), n. A dolltnan or dolman. Do li o lum (do-H'o-lum), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of oceanic ascidians, allied to the Salpae, and like them exhibiting interesting forms of alternate generation. Notation ;_ft, I, 0,11, long; f.. g, 8,1, 0, &, short; ^^a, e, i, o, u, obscure; _ fftr, {§11, tyst, cAre j h£r, mOve, or;__byll, (i, fr.j^ fi» Fr., ton; i On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster'** and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DO LITTLE Do-lit tl© (d6 'Ht tl), n. One who accomplishes but little ; one who is inefficient. Do li um (dO'li-um), n. [Lat., a very large jar, a tun.] (Conch.) A genua of mollusca, inhabiting univalve shells, found in the Indian, African, and South American seas. Dol lop (dfll'lop), n. A lump; a mass. [Colloq.] R. D. Blackinore. Dol ly (dOl'li), n. 1. A primitive form of appa- ratus for clothes-washing. [Eng.] 2. [Dim. of doll.J A sweet-heart; a mistress; a paramour ; a doxy. [01«l slang.] Herrick. 3. A pet name given by children to a doll. Dol ly-sliop (dol i-shOp), n. A shop where rags and differeut kinds of refuse are bought and sold; illegal pawnshop : so called from the black doll sus- pended over the door as a 6igu. [Eng.] Dol man (dOl man), n. A kind of garment some- what of the nature of a wide jacket, worn by ladies. Dol O mile (d51'o-mIt), n.—Dolomite marble, a va- i rl8ty of dolomite of a white color occurring in gran- ular concretions, often very loosely united. Dol o mi za lion ( d6l'o-mi-ziV shun ), n. The process by which dolomite is formed. Do lor (dO'ler), n. Grief; sorrow; lamentation. Spenser. [Now only poetical.]—Our Lady of Dolors (i?. Cath. Ch.), the Virgin Mary, so called on account ' of her sorrows at the passion of our Lord. JDol or ous 11 ess (d61'er-us-nes), n. ,Sorrowfulness. Dol pliili (d61'fin), n. ■ 1. (Astron.) A name giv- en to a constellation on account of Jts fancied like- ness to a (Jolphin. I 2* (Entom.) A species of Insect which is often injurious to beans ; named also black dolphin. ! Note.—The dolphin was the ichthya lu'eroH or sacred fish of the Greeks, and was supposed to be particularly friendly to man. It is said that the shield of Ulysses bore a representation of it, and many ancient coins and medals were stamped with its imuge. Dol pliin-strik er (d31"fin-strlk er), n. (Naut.) Same as Martingale. Dom agef (dQin'aj), n. Damage; injury. Chapman. Do main (do-rain'), «.—Public domain, public I lands; the land or territory belonging to the gener- al government or a state. [U. S.J Doin bet(»l5m'be),a. Dumb. Chaucer. Dom boc (dftm'bQk), n. [A. Sax.] Lit. doom-book; the book of laws, now lost, compiled under the di- 5 rection of King Alfred, and containing the local cus- toms of the several provinces of the kingdom. Dom dan 1 el (d6m-d;1n'i-6i"), n. {Arab. Myth.) A great hall situated beneath the roots of ocean, I where gnoaaes, magicians, and sorcerers met once a year to give homage to Satan. Dome (dOm), n. [G. dom, a cathedral.] A cathe- dral. r.R.] Dome f (dOm), n. Doom; judgment. Chaucer. Domesday-book (d&mz/dfi-b\}k), ». Same as Doomsday-book. Dome-sliaped (dOm'shSpt), a. In the form of a lome; haviug a dome-like shape. Do mes tic (do-mSs'tik), a.—Domestic architecture^ the art of designing and executiug buildiugs fordo- mestic or private use, as cottages, farm-houses, vil- las, mansions, etc.—Domestic economy, the econom- ical management of all household affairs; the artof managing domestio affairs in the best and thriftiest manner.—Domestio medicine, medicine as practiced by unprofessional persons .in their own families. Do lues tic (do-mgs'tik), n. 1* f A native of a country. Bp. Hall. 2. f A domicile;. a home. Sir W. Temple. 3* A carriage for general use. [Eng.] Do mes ti ca tor (do-m6s"ti-kflt'er)t n. One who or that which domesticates. Do mes ti cize (do-mes'ti-slz), t». t. To render domestic ; to domesticate. Southey. Do mey kite (dCniT-klt), n. (Min.) An arseniu- ret of copper found in Peru. Do min 1 call (do-min'i-kan), n. 1. (Ecol. Hist.) One of an order of cloistered nans founded by St. Dominic in 1206, following the same rule as the friars, but pledged to industry. 2» One of an order of kuights founded in 1224 also by St. Dominio for the express purpose of mak- ing war on heretics, and who called themselves the knights or soldiery of Christ. They were known also as Tertiary Dominicans and Penitents of St. Dominic. Do min 1 um (do-mln'i-ura), n. A term in the Roman law used to signify ownership of a thing, as opposed to a mere life-interest, to an equitable right, to a merely possessory right, or to a right against a perron, such as a covenantee -has against a cove- nanler.—Dominium directum ( Feudal the su- periority or interest vested in the superior.— Domin- ium utile, the property or the vassal's interest, as distinguished from the superiority. Dom i ta ble (dfira'it-a-bl), n. [From Lat. domo, damitum, to tame.] Capable of being tamod. Sir M. Hale. Don f ? (dfln), v. t. To do; to carry out; to exe- Doojri t) cute ; to cause. Chaucer. Do na (dfl'na, Sp. pron. dfln'ya), n. fSp.] A lady; a Spanish title of respect used with the Christian name of a Indy ; as Dofia Maria. 1 Do na cite (d. [From Dorcas, mentioned in Acts ix.J An associatioD, gen- erally composed of ladies, for supplying clothes to the poor. Do re-bull Ion (d5//r5-b\il/yun), n. [Ft. dore, gilt, dorery to gild or plate, from Lat. deaurarey to gild —de, from, and aurvm, gold.] Bullion containing a certain quantity of gold alloyed with base metal. Do re ma (do-rC'ma), n. [Gr., a gift, referring to f its product, gum ammoniac.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Umbellifer®. Dor-hawk (dor'h§k),n. (Ornith.) A name some- times given to the common goat-sucker, Caprimul- gus europceus, otherwise called the Night-jar or Fern-owl. Do ri an (dO'ri-an), n. An inhabitant of Doris in Greece. Doric (dOr'ik), n. The language of the Dorians; a Greek dialect characterized by itsbroadnesf and hardness; hence applied to any dialect with 6imi lar characteristics, especially to the Scottish. Do ri das (dO'ri-dC), n. pi. (Zo6l.) Thesea-lrmons, a family of naked-gilled marine gasteropod mol- luscs, some of which occur more than three inches in length. Do rip pe (do-rlp'pl), n. (ZoOl.) A genus ofbrarh- yurous decapod crustaceans, belonging to the sub- division in which the mouth is triangular. Do ris(dO'ris), n. 1. (Jlsfron.') A small planet or asteroid between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Goldschmidt. In 1857. 2. (ZoOl.) The typical genus of the Doridse. Do rize (do-rlz')i v. i. To U6e the Doric dialect. Dork ing (dork'ing), n. A species r> f barn-dool fowl, distinguished by having five claws on each foot, so named because bred largely at Dorking in Surrey. { . Dormant (dor'niant), a.—Dormant state cf aw<-( mats, a term sometimes applied to the hibernation of animals, or that state in which they remain tor- pid for a period in winter.—Dormant windows the window of a sleeping apartment; a dormer-win- Dor mant (dor'mant), n. (Cookery.) A dish whiqh remains from the beginning lo the end of a repast* such as cold pies, haras, potted meats, placed down the middle of a tabid at large entertainments; a center piece which is not removed. Dor mar (dor'mer), w. Abeam; a sleeper. Do ron i cum (do-rOu'i-kiim), «. (Bot.) A genua of plants; leopard's bane. Dorse (dors), n. (Ichth.) A variety of cod-fish. Dor sel f dor'sel), n. (Eocl.) See Dossel. Dor si bran clii a ta (dor/si-brang/ki-fi,/ta), pi. [See below.] (ZoOl.) Cuvier's appellation for. oh, oh&la; g, go\ j,Job; ng, sing; ^ Qu then; th, (/tin; _ w, wig; wh, whig; zh, aaure; ^oo,food; oi,oil; ou, pound. tills page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. ____ NDOESIBB AN CHIATE the second ordei of annelidans, now called Poly- clue ta, which have their branchiae distributed along the back. Dor si bran clil ate (dor/si-brSng//ki-at),n. [Lat. dorsum, dor si, the back, and branchiae, gills.J (Z06I.) (a) One of the second order of annelidans* (&) A. mollusc having the gills attached to the back. Dor sl-spi ual (dor'si-spli^'al), a. Of or per- taining to the back and the spine.— Dorsi-spinal vein (Anat.), one of a 6et of veins forming a net-work round the spinous, transverse, and articular proc- esses and arches of the vertebrae. Dor so-cer vi cal (dor so-ser'.'vi-kal), a. Of or pertaining to the back of the neck; as, the dQrso- cervical region. Dor sum (dor'sum), n. {Conch.), The upper sur- face of the body of the shell, the aperture being downward. Dorts (dorts), n. pi. A sulky or sullen mood or humor ; sulks ; as, he is in the dorts. [Scotch.] Dor ty (dor'ti), a. [Comp. G. trolzig, stubborn, sulky.] [Scotch.] , 1 • Pettish; prone to sullenness; saucy. Allan Ramsay. 2* Applied to plants, delicate; ill to cultivate. Do ryph o ra (do-rif'o-ra), ». [Gr. fiopO, a stem, and (^epw, to bear.] (Entorn.) The name formerly given to the genus of Coleoptera which includes the • Colorado beetle. See Colorado Beetle. Dosein,f n. [Fr.] A dozen. Chauc&r. Do sis (dO'sis), n. [Gr.] A dose. [R.] Do sith e an (do-sith'e-an), ». (Eccl. Hist.) One of an ancient sect among the Samaritans, so called from their founder Dositheus, who was a contempo- rary and associate of Simon Magus, and lived in the first century of the Christian era. They rejected the authority of the prophets, believed in tbe divine in- spiration of their founder, and had many super- stitious practices. Doss (dOs)T v. t. 1. To attack with the horns; to toss. [Local.] 2* To pay; as, to doss down money. [Scotch.] Dos sel (dSs'sel), n. [Fr. rfosei, from Lat. dorsum, back".] (Eccl.) A decoration of needle-work for hanging on the wall behind an altar ; adorsel. Dossier (d6s-s!-3), n. [Fr. from dos, Lat. dorsum.] 1. The back of a seat, as of a chair; the head of a bedstead. 2* A roll or bundle of papers. Dot (dOt), n. A patch of plaster put on to regulate the floating rule in making screeds and bays. Do tard y f (dO'tard-i), ) n. Dotage;' state of being Dotaryt (dO'ta-ri), J a dotard. Dote t (dot), n. An imbecile; a feeble-minded per- son ; a dotard. Do tedf (do ted), a-. Decayed. Bp. Howson. Dote head f (dOt'hed), ». A dotard ; a dote. Dot kin (dflt'kin), n. Same a9-Dodkin. Dot tie (dOt'l), n. [A dim. corresponding to do«, the meaning connecting it more closely with D. dot, a small bundleof wool, etc.; Sw. dott, alittle heap.] A small rounded lump or mass; especially, theto- bacco remaining in the bottom of a pipe after smok- ing, and which is often put on the top of fresh to- bacco when refilling. [Scotch.] A snuffer-tray containing scraps of half-smoked to- bacco. 'pipe dottlesas he called them. Kingsley. Dou ane (do An), ». [Fr., Low Lat. doarta, duana, It. dogana;.] A custoin-house. Do a ar (d&'ar), n. [Ar., adouar, dwellings.] An Arab village consisting of tents arranged in streets. Doub (dob), n. Same as Doob (which see). Doub le (dfib'l), a.—Double counterpoint (Mus.), that kind of counterpoint in which two of theparts' may be inverted, by placing one of them an octave lower dr higher.—Double distress (Scots Law), the name given to those arrestments which are used by two or more creditors in order to attach the funds of their debtor in the hands of a third party.— Double note (Mus'.), a note having twice the length of the semi-breve; a breve. Doub le (dfi^l), v. t.—To double and turtst+.to add one thread to another and twist them together.—To double the teins (Man.)% to make several leaps in order to throw the rider: said of a horse. Doub le fd&bl), v. t. andi. [Shortened from double- quick J] (Mil.) To march or cause to march at the double, or in double-quick time. Double (d&b'l), n. l.f Strong beergrbeer pro- fessing to be double the ordinary strength. Shak. 2* A person's apparition or likeness appearing to himself and admonishing him of his approaching death ; a person's ghost or spiritual counterpart. Atlantic Monthly. 3* A fold or plait; a doubling. Marston. 4. (Mil.) The quickest step in marching next to the run. Contracted for double-quick. 5* (Eccl.) A feast in which the antipbon is doubled, that is, said twice, before and after the psalms, instead of only half being said, as in simple feasts. 6. A roofing slate of the smallest size, measuring about 1 foot by 6 inches. 7. (Print.) Several words, lines, or sentences set Doub le-act ing (d&VI-gkt'ing), p. a. (Mech.) Acting, or applying power in two directions; pro- ducing a double result.—Double-acting inclined plane (Railways, etc.), an inclined plane worked by the gravity of the load conveyed, the loaded wagons which descend being made to pull up the empty ones 260 by means of a rope passing round a pulley or drum at the top of the plane.—Double-acting pimp, a pump which throws water at both the up and. the down stroke. Doub le-bank (dub'l-bSnk), u. t. (Naut.) To have an oar pulled by two men. Double-banked (dub'l-b&ngkt),) a. (Naut.\ Doub le-benched (dub'l-bencht), V Having two opposite oars managed by rowers on the same bench, or having two pien to the same oar: said of a boat. Double-bar (dub'l-bar), n. (Mus.) Two bars placed together at tbe conclusion of an air or strain. If two dots are added, the strain on that side should be repeated. Doub le-bar reled (dQb^l-Mr'eldXa. 1. Hav- ing two barrels, as a gun. 2* (Fig.) Applied to anything that effects a doub- le purpose or produces a double result. This was a double-barrelled compliment. Dickens. Doub le-but toned (dfib"l-but'tnd), a. Fur- nished with two rows of buttons. Doub le-cone (dub'l-kOn), n. (Arch.) ANorman ornament consisting of two cones joined base to base (or apex to apex), a series of these forming the enrichment of a molding. Doub le-crown (dub'l-kroun), ». An English gold coin of the reign of James I., of the value of 10s. sterling, afterward raised to lis. Double-dealing (dub'a-dgl'ing), a. Given to duplicity; deceitful. # Thackeray. Doub le-dyed (dub'1-dld), p. a. 1* Twice dyed.> 2* Thorough; complete; utter ; atrocious; as, a double-dyed villain. Double-edged (dfib'l-6jd), a. 1. Having two edges. * Diyden. 2. (Fig.) Applied to an argument which makes both for and against the person employing; or to any statement having a double meaning. Doub le-el e pliant (dub//l-61/e-fant),n. A large size of writing, drawing, and printing paper, 40 by 26J inches. Doub le-end er (dub"l-gnd'er), n. ,(Naut.) A kind of vessel so constructed as to sail either end foremost: hence the name. Double-face (du-b'l-fas), n. Duplicity; the act- ihg of different parts in the same transaction; double-facedness; hypocrisy. Doub le-faced ness (dub"l-f8st'nes), n. Hypoc- risy; deceit; duplicity; state or quality of being double-faced. Double-first (dfibl-fGrst), n. (Oxford Univer- sity.) (a) One who gains the highest place, after examination, both in classics and mathematics. The position of an Oxford double-first is the high- est honor of that university, as that of seniorvwran- gler is of Cambridge. (b) The degree itself; as,be took a double-first at Oxford. [Eng.] Doub le-floor (dQb'1-flOr), n. A floor constructed with binding and bridging joists.' Double-flow er (dub^l-flou'er), n. (Bot.) A flow- er whose organs of reproduction are partly or whol- ly converted into petals, so that there are more rows of petals than the normal number. Doub le-flow ered (dfiVl-flou'erd),®. Having double flowers, as a plant. Doub le-flow er ing (dfib"l-flou'er-ing),n. The conversion of the reproductive organs, or stamens and pistils, into petals. Doub le-formed (dfib'l-formd), a. Mixed in form. Double-fortified (dfib"l-for'ti-ffd), o. Ren- dered doubly strong; doubly fortified. Doub le-fount ed (dfib^l-fount'ed), a. Possess- ing a double source. The double-founted stream. Milton. Doub le-front ed (dfib^l-friint'ed), a. Furnished with a double front. Doub le-gear (dfibl-gSr), n. (Mach.) The gear- ing attached to the headstock of a lathe to vary its Doub le-gild (dub'l-glld), v. t. To gild with • double coatings of gold. Doub le-glo's ter (d&b//l-gl5s/ter), n. A rich kind of cheese, made in Gloucestershire from new milk. [Eng.] Double-bung (dfib'Mifing),a. (Arch.) A term applied to the two sashes of a window, movable, the one upward and the other downward, by means of pulleys and weights. Doub le-let ters (duVl-lSt'erz), n. jrt. (Print.) Types cast in one piece, or logotype, HBjir,fi,fi,etc. The diphthongs ce and ce are aiso cast as double let- ters. Double-manned (dubl-mSnd), a. Furnished with twice the complement of men, or with two men instead of one. Doub le-mean ing (dfib^l-men'mg), a. Having two meanings; conveying two meanings; deceitful. Shak. Doub le-milled (dfib'l-mTld), a. Applied to cloth which has been twice milled or fulled, to make it finer. Doub le-mouthed (dQbl-moijfhd), a. , Having two mouths. Doub le-nat ured (d Wl-nfft'tlrd), a.% Having a twofold nature. f .* Double-naturt'l man. ___^Young. Donb le-quick (diiiyi-kwTk),». (Mil.) The quick- est step next to the rim, consisting of 165 steps in the minute. See Double, n. DOVER Doub le»quick (dub'l-kwlk),a. 1* Performed 1® the time of the double-quick ; pertaining to or in conformity with the double-quick; as, double-quick step. . * 2. Very quick or rapid; as, he disappeared la double-quick time. Doub le-quick (dutfl-kwlk^adv. (Mil.) In doub- le-quick step; as, we were marching double-quick. Doub le-quick(dub'l-kwlk),t>.i. (Mil.) Tomarch< in double-quick step. Doub le-quick (dub'l-kwik), v. t. (Mil.) To cause? to march in double-quick step; as, I double-quicked them. Double-salt (d&b'l-salt). n. (Chem.) A com- pound salt fortned by the chemical combination of two salts. Doub le-se cu ri ty (dub^l-se-kU'ri-ti), n. Two- securities held by a creditor for the same debt. Doub le-stiot (dub'l-shQt), v. t. To load, as & cannon, with double the usual weight of, sh<* for the purpose of increasing the destructive power. Doub le-sltuf fle (dub^l-shuf'!), n. A low, shuf- fling, noisy dance. v Double-stop (dub7l-stfip), v. t. {.Jfus.)-To stop two strings simultaneously with the fingers in vio-_ lin playing and thus produce two-part harmony. Doublet (dub'let), n. 1. (Lapidary Work.) A piece of glass or paste covered by a veneer of genu- ine stone. 2. A duplicate form of a word; one of two (or more) words really the same butdlfferent in form, as drag and draw. « , Double-tongue (dfib'l-tfing), v. t. (Mus.) To» apply the tongue rapidly to the roof of the mouth in flute playing so as to insure a brilliant execution of a staccato passage. - -sr """"" Doub le-tree (dub'l-trS), n. The beam on thepole of a vehicle to which the two single-trees are at- tached. Doub le-win dow (dfib'^-wfti'dO). n. An extra window sometimes placed on the inside, but gener- ally on the outside, of an ordinary house-window, to. keep out tffe cold in winter. Doub Jy (dub'li), adv. In a deceitful manner; with insincerity ; as, he deals doubly. Huolet. Doubted (dout'ed), p. a. 1. Scrupled; ques~ tioned; not certain or settled. 2. f Redoubted; redoubtable. 4 Doubted knights.* Spenser. ' Douce ly (dOs'li), adv.' Sedately; soberly; pru- dently. [Scotch.] Doucely manage our affairs. Burns. Dough-face ism (d0'f8s-Izm), n. Quality or char- acter of a dough-face ; liability to be led by one of stronger mind or will; pliability; facility. Dough i ness (dCi-nes), n. The state or quality of being doughy. Dought (ducht), pret. of dote. Gould; was able. [Scotch.] >< Burrj. Dough ty-hand ed (dou^ti-hSnd'ed), a. Strong- handed ; powerful. ' Shak. Douk (dOk), n. Same as Dook. Dou li a (dO'li-a), n. Same as Dulia. Dou loc ra cy (dO-lOk'ra-si), n. [Gr. 6ovAo$, a slave, and icpareotf, to rule.] Government or rule carried on by slaves. Doum(dom), n. (Bot.) The doum-palm. Doum Palm (ddm' pftm),n. ( Bot.) Tbe palm-tree (Hyphosne thebaica);t the doom-palm. Doup (doup), n. [O* Eng. dolp, a contr. of dollop, a lump.1 Bottom; buttocks; butt-end ; er d. [Scotch.}; Dour(dOr), a. [Fr. dur, hard, stern, harsh, from Lat. durus, hard.] Hard; inflexible; obstinate * bold; intrepid ; hardy. [Scotch.] " He had a wife was dour and din. Burns. Dour lach (dOr'lach), n. [Gael, dorlach, a hand' ful, a bundle, a quiver.] A bundle; a knapsack. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Douroucouli (d^VrO-kC'li), n. (ZoOl.) The- native name of a curious South American monkey ( Nyctipithecu8 trivirgatus)^ with large eyes, noctur- nal in its habits. Douse (dons), v. t. To strike. Dous ing hock (dous'ing-chSk), n. (Ship-build^ ing.) One of several pieces fayed across the apron and lapped on the knight-heads or inside stuff above* the upper deck. Ogilvie. Doutf (dout), n. Doubt; fear. Spenser. Doutancet (dout'ans), n. [Fr.] Doubt. Chaucer. Doutousf (doutfiis), a. Doubtful. Chaucer. Dove-house (duvTious),». A house for doves; a dove-cote. Dove-kie(dfiv/kI),». ( Ornith. ) The name of a web- footed bird, the black guillemot (Uria grylle)9 abounding in the Artie regions. Dove-like (dfiWIk), a. Like a dove. Dove-plant (dfiv'plant), n. (Bot.) An orchida- ceous plant ( Peristeria elata ) of Central America, so called from the resemblance of the column of the • flower to a dove hovering with expanded wings, somewhat like the conventional dove seen in artistic representations of the Holy Ghost. The plant has large, striated, green pseudo-bulbs, bearing threo to five lanceolate, strongly-ribbed, and plicate leaves. The upper part of the flower-stem is oc- | cupied by a spike of almost globose, very sweet- scented, creamy-white flowers, dotted with lilao on the base of the lip: called also the Holy Spirit plant. Do ver (d0/ver), v. i. [Icel. do/wa, to be stupid; daufr, dull.] To slumber; to be in a state betwixt I sleeping and waking. [Scotch.] ; Notation : a, 6,1, 0, fl, long; £, 5, i, 5, short; a, e, ir o, u, obscure; ■ > £Ar, fgll, f^st, cAre j.. h6r, mOve, or; bijll, 11, Fr.; * n, Fr., ton> ^ er On this page will toe found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DOVEK'S POWDER Do vor's-pow der (dO'^verz-pou'der), n. [From i)r. Dover, an English pfcy&iciau, its inventor.] (Med.) A compound o! ipecacuanha, opium, and sul- phate of potash, employed aa a sedative and sudor- ific. D<»ve tall (dilv'tSJ), ».— Dovetail joint (Anat.), the suture or serrated articulation, as of the bones of the hen&.—Dnvetail molding {Arch.), au ornament iu the form of dovetails, used in Norman architect- ure.—Dovetail plates (Ship-building), plates of metal let into the heel of the stern-post and keel of a vessel to bind them together. Similar plates are used for joining the stern-foot with the fore-end of the keel.— Dovetail saw, a saw used for dovetailing. Dove tail (duv'tiil), v. t. (Fig.) To tit or adjust ex- actly and firmly ; to adapt, as one institution to an- other, -so that they work together smoothly and har- moniously. Everything also has been adapted to it, and, as V» were, fitted and dovetailed into it. Brougham. Dove tall ing (dfiv' t&l'ing), n. The actor opera- tiodWf uniting by dovetails. Dow (dou), v. i. [A. Sax. dugan, to be able.] To ba able: to possess strength; to avail; to profit. [Scotch. J Bat facta are chiels that winna ding And douma be disputed. Burns. Dow (dou), n. A pigeon; a dove. [Scotoh.] Sir D. Lyndsay. Dow a ger Ism (dou'a-jer-Izin), «. State, rank, or condition, of a dowager ; formality as that of a jdowager. By analogy, whatever resembles the state of a dowager. 'Mansions passed away into dow- agerlsm.* Thackeray. Dow aire f (d<5-Tr'), n. [Fr.] Dower. Chaucer. Dow di cess (dou'di-nes), ». The state of being dowdy or slovenly in dress. Dow el (dou'el), n. 1. A piece of wood driven into a wall to receive nails of skirtings, etc. 2* A dowel-pin. Dow el-pin (dou'el-pln), n. A pin inserted in the edges of boards to fasten them together. Dowf (douf), I a. [Icel. daxtfr, dull, flat, dojt, tor* Do If* (dftlf), > por; root in Sc. do w, to fade or wither, to doze. Akin deaf; Sc. dover, to slumber.] 1. Dull; flat; denoting a defect of spirit or ani- mation, and also of courage; melancholy ; gloomy ; inactive; lethargic; pithless; wanting force; silly ; frivolous. [Scotch.] They're dowf and dowie. J. Skinner. 2. Dull; hollow; as, a dowf sound. Dow fe (dou'i),a. Dull; melancholy; in bad health; in bad tune. [Scotch.] Down (doun), adv. Paid or handed over in ready money ; as, he purchased the est- e for 110,000 down. —To be down upon, or oome down upon, (a) to seize with avidity and with rapidity, as a bird of prey pounces down upon its victim, (b) To rate one soundly; to thake a violent attack upon a person with the tongue. [Oolloq.]—To be down at heel, (a) to have the back part of the upper, or heel, turned down; as, his shoes were down at heel. (b) To have on shoes with the heel turned down; to be slipshod or slovenly; hence, doum-at-heel (as an adjective), wearing shoes with the heel turned down; slipshod; slovenly; shabbily dressed ; seedy; as, he is very muoh down-at-heel. 1 To prowl about____in the old slipshod, purposeless, down-at-heel way.' Dickens. — Up and down, here and there; in a rambling manner.— Down east, in or into New England. [U. S.] Down (doun), v. i. To conquer; to overcome; to subdue. Dow na (dou'na). [For dow not.] Cannot. See Dow, to be able. [Scotch.] Down beard (doun'bgrd), n. The downy or winged seed of the thistle. Carlyle. Down-bed (doun'bM), ». A bed made of down. Down-bye (doun'hi),adv. Downtheway. [Sc.] Downcast (doun'kast), a. Flowing downward; as, n downcast current. Down cast (doun'kast),». (Mining.) The venti- lating shaft down which the air passes in circulat- ing through a mine. Down cast ness (doun/'kast'nes), n. State of be- ing downcast; sadness. D. M. Moir. Down come (doun'kfim), n. Social humiliation; downfall; a fall from a high position to a low one. 4A sair downcomeS Sir W. Scott. Down-draught (doun'draft), n. 1. Adraughtor current of air down a chimney, shaft of a mine, etc. 2* [pron. dOn'dracht.] A burden ; anything that draws one down, especially iu worldly circum- stances ; as, he has been a perfect down-draught on me. [Scotch.] Down-east er (doun-Sst'er), ». A New Englander. [U. S.] , Down-haul (doun'h&l), v. t. (Naut.) To pull down. Down-hawl (doun'h&l), v. and ». The same as Down-haul. Down 1 ness (doun'i-nes), ». Knowingness ; cun- ningness; artfulness; cuteness. [Slanfe.] Down-land (doun'12nd), n. A tract of country consisting of downs. [Eng.] Down less (doun'les). a. Destitute of down. Down-line (doun'lin), n. The line of a railway leading from the capital, or other important center, to the provinces; as, the down-line to the north. Down pour (doun'pOr), n. A pouring down; es- pecially, a heavy or continuous shower. 22. A. Proctor. 261 Down«roph (doun'rlish), ». A rush downward or toward a center, or from the exterior to the inte- rior of a body. tipots [in the sun] are due to down-ruahea of gases. Fop. Ency. Down sett (doun-sgt'), a. Same as Dancette. Down-stairs (doun'stArz), a. Pertaining to a lower floor; below; relating to a lower flat; as, down-stairs politics. Down-stairs (doun'st&rz),adv. Down the stairs; below; to or in a lower flat; as, he went, or is, down- stairs. Down-stroke (doun'strOk), ». 1. A downward stroke or blow. 2. (Penmanship.) A line drawn downward; * hence, a thick stroke. Down throw (doun'thrO), n. (Qeol.) A fall or sinking of strata below the level of the surrounding beds, such as is caused by a great subterranean movement; also, the distance measured vertically between the portions of dislocated strata where a fault occurs: opposed to upthrow. Down-train (doun'tran), n. A train proceeding from the capital, or other important center, to the provinces or parts of a country. [Eng.] Down weigh (doun-wl), v. t. To weigh or press down ; to depress; to cause to sink or "pre vent from rising. A different sin downweighs them to the bottom. Longfellow. Down weight (doun'wSt), n. Full weight. 4 At- tributing due and downweight to every man's gifts.' Bp. Hacket. Downy (doun'i), a. Knowing; cunning; as, a downy cove. [Slang.] Dowse (dous), v. t. 1 • f To strike on the face. 2. To beat or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] 3* Same as Douse. Dowse (dous), v.i. 1. To use the dowsing or di- vining rod, as in search of ore, pprings, etc. Writ- ten also douse. 2* To fall suddenly into water. Bows er (dous'er), n. 1. One who pretends to be able to discover the locality of water, ore, etc., by the use of the dowsing rod. 2. A dowsing rod. Dows ing-rod (dous'ing-rOd), n. A name given by miners to the divining-rod. Dow sett (dou'set), n. Same as Doucet. Dows ing-chock (dous'ing-chftk), n. Same as Dousing-chock. Doy ly^ f (doi'MV*. Same as Doily. Doyltt l (doilt), a. Stupid; confused; crazed. Doiltt ) [Scotch.] Burns. Doz en (dtiz'n), n.—Baker's dozen, thirteen in num- ber. Called also deviVs dozen, long dozen. Doz enth (dBz'nth), a. Twelfth. [R.] Doz ing (dOz'ing), n. Doziness; drowsiness. Doz zled (dOz'zld), a. Heavy; stupid. [Prov. Edr.] Drab (dr3b), n. A dull brownish-yellow color. Dra ba (dr&'ba), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Cruciferae, consisting of herbaceous peren- nials. Drab bets (drSb'ets), n. A coarse linen fabric or duck llhftde at Barnsley. Drab bing (dr&b'ing), n. The practice of associ- ating with strumpets or drabs. Beau. <& FT. Drab bish (dr&b'ish), a. Somewhat of the color of drab. Drab ble-tall (dritt/bl-tai), n. A slattern; a drag- gle-tail. Drab-col or (drSVktil'er), n. A dull brownish- yellow or dun color. Drac (dritk), ». The name of a mischievous or mali- cious sprite or demon, much feared in former times by the country people in some parts of France. Dra co ceph a lum (drfl/ko-sSf//a-lum)', n. [Gr. fipa/cwv, a dragon, and »ceprlng), ». (Railways.) (a) A strong springplaced near the back of the tender, (b) A spring attached to the drag-bar to lensen the jerk) when starting or increasing speed. Drain age (drUta'aj), n. 1* The art of draining as, a man skilled in drainaget 2. The mode in which the waters of a oountry pass off by its streams and rivers; as, the drainage of this country is very intricate. 3* That which flows out of drains; the water car- ried away from a district by natural or other chan- nels. 4, The district drained; the area drained by a river-system; as, the drainage of the Po, Thames, Drain er (drfln'er), ». (Cookery.) 1* A perforated plate for letting fluids escape.' 2. A stream from a lake, morass, etc. 3« One who or that which exhausts ; as; war is a drainer of a nation's blood and treasure. Drain ing-en gine (dran^ing-^n^In), n. A pump- ing-engine for removing water from mines, low- lying lands, etc. Drains (drSnz), n. pi. The drain from the mash- tub ; as, brewer's drains. Drain-tile (drSn-tn), ?«. A hollow tile Drain ing-tile (drSn'ing-tfl),) employed in the formation of drains. Drake (dr5k), n. The silver shilling of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, having a martlet, commonly called a drake, as the mint-mark. Drake-fly (drflk-fll), n. A species of fly used as bait in angling. s ph,c7iain; g, go; j,*>b; ng,si»0 5 th, then; th, thhi; .w, wig; wh. uftig; ah, azure i oo,fosj. Tennyson. —To draw dry foot (Coursing), to Irace the mark* . of the foot of an animal, without the scent. S/uik. Draw(dr§),u. 1* (Sporting.) The act of forcing a fox from his cover, a badger from his hole, etc.; the place where a fox is drawn. 2* Something designed to draw a person out to make him reveal his intentions or what he desires to cpnceal or fceep back, or the like; a fooler. [Slang.] This was wKat in modern days is called a draw. C. Reade. 3* A drawn game; the result of a game when neither party gains the advantage; as, the match ended in a draw. Draw-bolt (dr^'bOlt), n. A coupling-pin. Draw-bore (dr#'bOr), n. (Carp.) k hole pierced through a teuou, nearer to the shoulder than the holes through the cheeks are to the abutment in which the shoulder is to come into contact, so that a pin when driven into it will draw these parts to- gether.— Dra w-borc pin, a joiner's tool. Draw»bore (dr&'bOr), v. t. To make a draw-bore in ; as, to draw-bore a tenon. Draw-boy (drs'boi), n. A boy who helped a weaver in drawing the heddles to form the pattern of the cloth he was weaving. Draw«*gate (drg/gilt), ». The valve of a sluice. Draw-gear (dra'gGr), n. A harness adapted for draught-horses. 262 Draw gloves (dragluvz;, n. pi. An old game that con-isted in representing words l»y the fingers. Draw-head (dr§'h6d), n. 1. (Hail.) A buffer of a locomotive, etc., to which a coupling is attached. 2. f Spinning.) A contrivance in which the slivers are lengthened and receive an additional twist. Draw ing (drying), n. 1* (Fine Arts.) Apioture or representation made with a pencil, pen, crayon, etc. Drawings are classifiable under (he names of pencil, pen, chalk, sepia, or water-color drawings, from the material used for their execution, and al- so into gcometrioal or linear and mechanical draw- ings, iu which instruments, such as compasses, rul- ers and scales, are used, and free-hand drawings, in which no instrument is used to guide the hand. 2. The amount of money taken for sales in a shop or other trading establishment • usually in the plural. 3* (Sporting.) See Draw, n. 1. Draw ing-awl (dr&lng-al), n. An awl having a hole near the point in which the thread is inserted *o that it may be pushed through in sewing. Draw lug-bench (drs'ing-btfnsh), n. An appa- ratus iu which strips of metal are brought to an ex- sot thickness and width by being drawn through a gauged opening made by two cylinders at the re- quired distance apart and prevented from rotating. Draw tug-board (dra'ing-bOrd), ». A board on which paper is stretched for drawing on or painting on iu water colors, etc. Draw ing-com pass (drfi'Mng-kftm pas), n. A pair of compasses one leg of which ha» a pen or pencil attached to or forming part of it. Draw iug-rrame (drying-fr5m), n. A machine in which the nlivers of cotton, wool, etc., from the carding-engiue are attenuated by passing through consecutive pairs of rollers, each pair revolving at a higher speed than its predecessor. Draw ing-pa per (dr^ing-pa'per), n. A large- sized variety of stout paper used for making draw- ings on. Draw ing-pen cil (dr^'ing-pSn'sil), ». A black- lead pencil used in drawing. Draw ing-room (dr& ing-rflm), n. 1. The form- al reception of eveniug company at a court, or by persons in high station ; as, to hold a dravHng-room. 2* The apartment in an engineer's shop where patterns and plans are prepared.—Drawing-room car, a Pullman or palace car. Draw-knife (dra'nlf), ». Same as Drawing-knife. Drawl ing ly (dr§l ing-li), adv. In a drawling manner; with a Blow, hesitating, or lengthened ut- terance. Draw-spring (dr&'sprlng), n. An apparatus used to take off the recoii or shock in case of the tow-rope or cable of a ship or boat breaking. Dray-horse (drfi'hors), n. A horse used lor draw- ing a dray. Dray-jplongli ^(drS'plou), n. An old kind of plow. Dread ly f (dr6d 11), o. Dreadfully. Spenser. Dream er y (dr6m'er-i), n. A habit of dreaming or musing. Drear ing f (drerlng), ». Dreariness; gloom. Spenser. Drear 1 some ( dr5r'i-sum ), n. Very dreary; gloomy; depilate. Drecche t (drCch or drSch'e), v. t. [A. Sax. dree- oan, to trouble.] To plague; to trouble; to harass. Chaucer. Drede, j u. Fear; doubt. Chaucer. Drede,f v. t. To fear ; to dread. Chaucer. Drede fill, t a. Dreadful. Chaucer. Dredeles, fa. Without doubt. Chaucer. Dredge man (drSj'mSn), n. One who fishes for oysters with a dredge. Dredg le (dr6j'i), n. Same as Diigie. Dree lite (drS'ilt), n. [Named after the Marquis de Dree,} (Min.) One of the heavy spars, gener- ally occurring as a whitish crystallized vein-stone in lead mines. Dreigli (drCch), o. Tardy; slow; tiresome. [Sc.] Burns. Dreintf (drant}, ) pret.& pp. otdrenche. Drenched; Drentf (drcnt), ) drowned. Chaucer. Drench (drench), n. A channel or drain. Todd, Dreref (drSr), ». Sorrow; sadness ; dreariness. Spenser. Drer 1 ment f (drCr'J-znent), n. Dreariness; dark- ness. Spenser. Drery + (dr(?r/i), a. Sorrowful. Chauoer. DresM-clrcle (drfs''s^rlil), n. A portion of a theater, concert-room, or other place of entertain- ment, set apart for spectators or an audience in eveniug dress. Dress-coat (drSs'kOt), n. A coat with narrow pointed tails ; a swallow-tailed coat, in contradis- tinction to a frock-coat, so called because it is the coat in which gentlemen go to full-dress parties, op- >. eras, awmblie.*, etc. Dressed Rocks (drSstrrdks), n. pi. The term sometimes applied to ice-worn bosses of rock, now called roches moutonnees, or sheep-back rocks. Dress er (d res'er), n. 1. One who is employed in preparing, trimming, or adjusting anything; spe- cifically, a hospital assistant whose duty it is to dress wounds, ulcers, etc., under the direotion of the principal surgeon. 2. pi. (Mil.) Men who occupy direct or relative positions, by which a corps is enabled to maintain an unbroken front. DRILLING Drcss-gooxts (drCs gudz), n. pi. A collect!vetern* for all tftone goods or fabrics used for making the outside clothing of women and children ; also applied to calicos, piece silks, and printed linens. Dressing (dr&s ing), ». 1. (Founding.) The act or process of cleaning castings after they are taken from the mold. 2. (Type-founding.) The scraping and notching of the letters after casting. 3. (Masonry.) The preparing of a stone for building in the wall, whether by the hammer only or by the mallet and chisel, and the rubbing the face smooth. 4. Correction ; a flogging or beating. fCoIloq.J — Dressing of ores, the breaking and powdering them in the stamping-mill, and afterward washing them in a wooden trough. Dretch ing f (drccb ing), n. Delay. Chaucer. Drev ill f (drCv'il), n. [See Drivel.] A driveler; a fool. Written also drevil and drivel. Spenser. Drew (dr0), pret. of draw. * Dreyef (drfl), o. Dry. Chaucer. Dreynt,f pp. of drench. Drowned. Chauoer. Drib (drib), v. t. To do things little by little or in driblets; henoe, (a) to cut off little by little; to cheat by small and reiterated tricks ; to purloin; to defalcate; to appropriate. He who drives their bargains dribs a part. Dryden. (6) To entice step by step; to allure. [Rj VI ith daily lies she drib* thee into cost. Dryden. Drib (drib), v. i. To shoot at a mark at shortpaoes j a technical term in archery. Drib ber (drlb'er), n. One who dribs, or shoots ai a mark at short paces. Drib ble (drlbbl), v. i. 1* To act or think fee- bly ; to want vigor or energy. Dryden. 2. To be small or trifling. *Some dribbling skirmishes.' Holland. Drib ble (drlb'bl), v. t. (Football.) To keep the ball rolling by a succession of small kicks. Drib ble (drft/bl), n. A small quantity of anything liquid; drizzle ; drizzly or wet weather. [Scotch.J The winter's sleety dribble. Burns. Drib bling (drlb'ling). n. The aot of falling in drops ; as, the dribbling of water. Dread our (drSd'er^), }n* Dread; fear. [Scotch.] Drid die (drld'dl), v. i. 1. To play unskillfully, as on the violin. [Scotch.] Burns. 2* To wander aimlessly or feebly from place to place. [Scotch.] 3. To work constantly but without making much progress. [Scotch.] Dried (drid),p. a. Freed from moisture; rendered dry. Drl er (drl'er), n. (Paint.) A substance added to some fixed oil to cause it to dry quickly ; a prepa- ration to increase the hardening and drying proper- ties of paint; a drying machine or stove. Drife f (drlf), v. t. To drive. Chaucer. Drift (drift), n. 1. In South Africa, a ford ; a pla^a where a river can be crossed ; as, Rorke's Drift. 2* (Oeol.) Geologists now often use instead of Drift the terms stratified or unstratified Bbulder Clay, which were not formerly recognized as dis- tinct formations. It is abundant in Europe north of the 60th, and in North America north of the 40tb parallel of latitude ; absent in most tropical regions, but reappears in the lands which lie south of the 40th and 50th parallels of south 'latitude, as in Patagonia, Terra del Fuego, and New Zealand. It consists of a compact clay, the color of which de- pends on that of the rocks whence it is derived, having boulders diffused throughout its mass, and with thin beds of gravel and sand interspersed. The boulders have not that rounded appearance pro- duced by the action of water in a river course, but have a greater or less number of rubbed faces pro- duced by being forced, while held In one position, over the solid rocks beneath. 3* (Mil.) (a) A tool for forcing down the com- position contained in a rocket or similar firework. (b) A priming iron to clean the vent Of a piece of ord- nance from burning particles after each discharge. Drift (drift), v. i. (Mining.) To make a drift; to search for metals or ores ; to prospect. [U.S.] Drift age (drlft'aj), n. (Naut.) The amornt of de- viation from a ship's course due to leeway. Drift-bolt (drlft'bOlt), n. A bolt used to drive out other bolts, commonly made of steel. Ogilvie. Drift-land (drlft'lSnd), ». A yearly rent paid by some tenants for driviDg cattle through a manor. Drift-net (drlft'nSt), n. A large kind of net with meshes 1 inch wide, used in fishing for pilchard, ^er- ring, mackerel, etc. < Drift-weed (drlft'wGd), n. Same as Gulf-weed. Drig te (drlj'i), ) n. [A form of dirge.] Afuner- Dredg ie (dre.i'i), > al company; entertainment at Dir gle (dir'jl), ) a funeral. [Scotch.] Drill (drTl), n. [G. drillich, from drei, three, a fab- ric in which the threads are divided in a threefold way. Comp. dimity, twill."] A kind of coarse linen or cotton cloth; drilling.—Colter drill (Mach.), a tool for making slots: also called traverse drill. Drill-bar row (drU'Mr'o), n. (Agrio.) An im- plement for forming drills, sowing the seed, azd covering it in with earth. Drill ing (drll'ing), n. (Jlfil.) The practice or teaching of military exercises; hence, thorough in- struction in any matter. _ Notation : ft, S, I, 0, q, long; €, I, 5, fi, short; a, e, 1, o, a, obscure; f&r, f§U, f^st, o&re; her, mdve, or; b^ll, fi, Fr.; fi, Fr.; ton; gOgF On this page win be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. \DKILLING-MACHINE Brill lng-ma chine (drtl"iDg-ma-sh5ii'), n. A machine for cutting circular holes in metal by means of a revolving drill. See Dbill-pbess. Drill-ma chine (drll^ma-shCnOi n» The same as Drilling-machine (which see). Drill-mas ter (drn"m$s'ter), n. On£ who teaches drill; specifically, one who teaches drill, as a branch of gymnastics, iu public institutions and private families. * He [Frederick] was a drilUmaater rather than a sol- dier. Macmilay. .Drill-press (drTTprSs), n. A machine armed with one or more drills for boring holes in metal, and designated as vertical, horizontal, or universal, in accordance with its mode of working. Variously called Drill, Drill-machine, or Drilling-machine. Drill-ser scant (drll^sftr^ent or sSr'jent), n. (Mil.) A non-commissioned officer who instructs soldiers in their duties and trains them to military movements. Drill-stock (dHl'stfik), n. (Mech.) The holder (of which there are many kinds) for receiving the fixed end of a drill. Dri ly (drl'll), adv. Dryly. Dri rays (drl'mis), n. [Gr. £pi/xifc, acrid, from the bitter tonic taste of the bark.J (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Magnoliacete. Drink (drlngk), v. i.—To drink deep, to drink a deep draught; to indulge in intoxicating liquors to excess. Drlrik deep, or tastp not the Pierian spring. Pope. Drink (drlngk), ».—In drink, drunk ; tipsy. Drink er-moth (dringk'er-mQth), n. (Entom.) The name of a fine large British moth, the Odones- tis potatoria of naturalists. Drink ing (drlngk ing), n. 1. Act of imbibing liquors. 2* The practice or habit of using spirituous liq- uors immoderately. 3* A carousal; an entertainment where liquors are drunk. Drink irig-bout (drlngk'ing-bout), n. A conviv- ial revel; a set-to at drinking. Drink ing-foun tain (dringVing-fount'Sn), n. An erection on or near a public thoroughfare for supplying men, sometimes both men and animals, with water, to quench their thirst. Drink ing-glass (drlngk'ing-g'^s), ». A glass from which to drink. Drink ing-horn (drlngk'ing-horn), ». 1« A horn formerly used as a drinking-vessel. 2. A cup or goblet made of horn used at the pres- ent day. Drink ing-house (drlngk'ing-hous),». A house frequented by tipplers : an alehouse. Drink ing-song (drmgk/iag-s5ng), n. A song in praise of drinking; a song suitable to be sung when drinking; a bacchanalian song. Why should Love, like men in drinking.^ongs, Spice hia fair banquet with the dust of death? Tennyson. Drive (drlv), v. t. 1. (Mining.) To dig in a hori- zontal direction; to make a horizontal gallery or tunnel. 2. INaut.) To cause to drift; to impel at random through the water; as, the wind drives the vessel. —To drive a bargain, to make a bargain. Drive (drlv), ». 1. (Cricket.) A strong or sweeping (blow or impulsion given to a ball by a batsman. 2* (Letter-founding.) A matrix formed by a steel punch or die. 3« A number of things or objects that are driven: especially applied by lumbermen to a collection of logs being conveyed down a river. [Colloq.J 4. Force; violent hurry; great pressure; speed. [Colloq.] Driv el ing ) (drlv'l-ing), p. a. 1. Slavering; let- Driv el ling ) ting the spittle fall involuntarily. 2. Doting; acting the fool. Driveling ? (drlv'l-ing), n. 1. The act of one Driv el lin^f J who drivels; involuntary dripping of the saliva; slaver. t 2. Act of playing the fool; idiocy; folly. Driv en (drlv'n), n. (Mach.) Any part of a ma- chine moved directly by the driver: called also/of- lower. Rankine. Driver (drlv'er), n. 1* (Weaving.). Apiece of wood or other material, upon a spindle* and placed in a box, which impels the shuttle through the open- ing in the warp. 2* A subordinate official formerly employed in driving for rent in Ireland. 3. (Ship-building.) The foremost spur in the bulge-ways. Driv er-ant (drT^er-Snt), «. (Entom.) Anomma arcens, a singular species of ant, a native of West Africa, so named from its driving before it almost every animal that comes in its way. Driver-boom (drX'ver-bOm), n. (Naut.) The boom to which the driver is hauled out. Drive-way (drlv'wa), n. A course or passage on or through which vehicles may be driven. Driv ing (drlv'ing), n. 1. Act of one who drives* 2* Drift; tendency; scope. Driv ing (drlv ing), a. Communicating force or power; as, a driving-sh&tt. Driving-axle (drlv^ing-Sksl), n. (Mach.) A driving-wheel axle. Driving-band (drIVing-bSnd), n. (Mach.) A belt, strap, or the like, for running machinery. 263 Driving-shaft (drlv'ing-shaft), n. (Mach.) A shaft from the driving-wheel communicating motion to the machine. Driving-spring (drlv'ing-sprTng), n. (Rail- ways.) The spring fixed upon the box of the driv- ing-axle of a locomotive engine, to support the weight and to deaden shocks caused by irregulari- ties in the rails. Weale. Driv ing-wheel (drl^ing-whgl), n. 1. (Mach.) A wheel that communicates motion to another or to others. 2. (Railways.) The large wheel in a locomotive engine which is fixed upon the crank-axle or main- shaft. Called also simply Driver. Drock (dr5k), n. A water course. [Prov. Eng.] Wrog (dr5g), ) n. 1* A buoy attached to the end Drogue (drOg), J of a harpoon line. 2. A kind of cone-shaped bag made of canvas, which is trailed behind a yacht, when running be- fore the wind in a rough sea. Dro gher (drO'ger), n. (Naut.) The same as Dro- ger. Dro ghing (drO'ging), n. A name given to the West Indian coasting carrying trade. Dro mae og na thse (drO-me-Gg'na-thS), n. pi. [Gr. fy>o/xatov, swift, and yvaflos, jaw.] (Ornith.) In Prof. Huxley's classification of birds, a sub-order of the Carinat® (or birds having the sternum with a keel), including but one family, the Tinamid» or tinamous. Drom e da ry-bat ter y (drflin^e-da-ri-bat'ter-i), ». Artillery carried on the backs of dromedaries. Dro mi a (drO'mi-a), n. (Zoiil.) A genus of brachy- urous decapod crustaceans, with great and strong claws, found in the seas of warm climates. Drom i i dae (drom-I'i-d6), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A fam- ily of brachyurous crustaceans, of which Dromia is the type. See Dbomia. Dromoiit (drO'mon), )n. A light, fast-sailing Drom ond f (drOm'ond), y vessel, carrying a sin- gle sail, but also impelled by oars; also a ship of any kind. Written also dromound. Fuller. Drone (drOn), v. t. To read or speak in a dull, monotonous, droning manner; as, he drones his sentences. Longfellow. Dron go fdrBng'go), \n. (Ornith.) Dron go-shrike (drQng'gO-shrlk), ) The name of a genus of fly-catching birds, with long, forked tail3 (Edolius). They are natives of India, the Asi- atic islands, and South Africa. • Dronkelew,t a. Given to drink; drunken. Chaucer. Dron te (drOn'te), ». [Fr.] (Ornith.) A bird now extinct; the dodo. Drook (drijk), v. t. See Drouk. Drook et (druk'et), a. See Dkoueit. Droop (drop), v. t. To let sink or hang down; as, to droop the head. Droop (dr6p), n. The act of drooping or of falling or hanging down: a drooping position or state; as, the droop of the eye, of a veil, or the like. Drop (dr5p), n. 1. A contrivance for lowering heavy weights, as bale-goods, coal-wagon9, etc., to a ship's deck. 2. The curtain which conceals the stage of a theater from the audience. Called also drop-scene, 3. A very small quantity of liquor; as, he had not drunk a drop; hence, a small quantity of anything. As small a drop of pity As a wren's eye. Shak. 4. (Macte) (a) The interval between the base of a hanger and the shaft below. (6) A drop-press. Drop (dr6p), v. i.—To drop in, to call upon unex- pectedly • to happen in. Drop-drill (drOp'dnl), n. (Agric.) An agricult- ural implement which drops eeed and manure into the soil simultaneously. Drop-ham mer (drSp^birn'merl, ». Same as Drop-press. Drop-let ter (dr5p"18t'er), ». A letter posted for delivery in the same town. [U. S.J Drop-light (drOpOlt), n. A contrivance for bring- ing down an artificial light into such a position as may be most convenient for reading, working, etc. E. H. Knight. Drop mele f (driSp'mei), adv. Same as Dropmeal. Drop per (drtip'er), n. (Mining.) A branch vein which leaves or drops from the main lode. Dropping (drQp'ing), n. 1. The net of drop- ping; a distilling; a falling. 2« That which drops. 3. pi. The dung or faeces of fowl, sheep, etc. Drop ping-tube (.IrQp'lng-tflb), ». A glass tube with a hollow bulb near its lower end and terminat- ing in a small orifice: used for dropping any liquid poured into it. Drop-press fdr5p'pr8s), )». A machine Drop ping* press (drtfp'ing-prSs), J worked by the foot, consisting of a weight raised vertically by a cord and pulley, and allowed to drop suddenly on an anvil: used for embossing, punching, etc. Called also Drop-hammer, Drop. Drop-ripe (drQp'rlp), a. So ripe as to be ready to drop from the tree. Carlyle. Drop-scene (drOp'sSn), n. (Theaters.) A scenic picture, usually painted with care, suspended by pulleys, which descends or drops in front of the stage. Drop sled (drSp'sid), a. Diseased with dropsy; unnaturally increased; exhibiting an unhealthy in- flation. Shak. DRUM Drop-ta ble (dr5p//t5/bl), ». A contrivance for] lowering heavy weights, and particularly for re- moving the wheels of locomotives. ^ Drop-tin (dr&p'tln), n. Fine tin. Drop wise (drOp'wIz), adv. After the manner of drops; droppingly ; by drops. [R.] , Tridkling dropwise from the cleft. Tennyson. Dros er a ce se (dr6s/er-a"se-6), w. pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of albuminous, exogenous plants, con- sisting of marsh herbs, whose leaves are usually covered with glands or glandular hairs. See Dio- n.ea. Dros ky (drOs'ki), n. A name now applied to vari- ous kinds of vehicles, as to the common cabs plying in the streets of German cities, etc. Written also Drozhki, Droschka, Droschke, Droitzschka. Dro sop>hi la (dr0-s5f'i-la), n. [Gr. 8po utive elfish race residing in hills and caverns, curious artificers in iron and precious metals. Really the same word as Troll. Drown (droun), v. i. (Tmw.) To sink or merge. In some cases, a right of free hold shall drown in a chattel, " Cokeys Littleton. Drowned (dround), p. a. Suffocated in water or other fluid ; inundated ; submerged. Drow sy-head ed (drou^zi-hSd'ed), a. Heavy* having r sluggieh disposition. Dro wth (drouth), n. Same as Drouth. Droyle t (droil), v. i. To toil in a weary or slug- gish manner. Spenser. Drub bcr (drfil/er),». One who drubs or beats. Sir W. Scott. Drub bing (drWing), n. A cudgeling; a sound beating. Drudge (druj), v. t. To pass away or consume in a toilsome or tedious manner. 4 Drudge away the day.' Otway. Drudge (drfij), n. A kind of harrow or rake used for agricultural purposes. Drudge (druj), n. A commercial term for whisky in the raw stete: -wed foi making alcohol. Drudge i isu iL'ruj'hors), n. Ahorse suitable for hard work. Dru e rie f (drfJ-e-rS), n. Tr.1 1. Courtship; gal- lantry. Chauczr. 2. A mistress. Chaucer. Drug-damned (drf.g'd&nd), a. Notorious or in- famous for poisons. 1 Drug-damned Italy.' Shak. Drugge t (drug), v. t. To drag; to drudge. Chaucer. Drug ger man (drfig'ger-mfin), n. An inter- preter. [R.] Dryden. Dru id (drO'id), n. A member of a society or order, as it is called, founded in London about 1780, for the mutual benefit of the members, and now count- ing numerous lodges and groves in America, Aus- tralia, Germany, etc. Dru idle (drd-id'ik), \a. Pertaining to the Dru id ic al (drO-Id'ik-al),) druids; as, druidical circles.—Druidical circles, Druidic remains, the name popularly given to circles formed of large up- right stones, confeistiug in some cases of a single round, in others of several, and concentric, from the assumption that they were druidical places of • worship, though there is no sufficient proof that this was their destination. The most celebrated of such circles in England is that of Stonehenge, / Wiltshire. . . Drum (drfim), ». 1» A tea before.dinner: also called a kettle-drum. 2. (Ichth.) See Dbum-fish. 3* Abbreviation of storm-drum (which see). cbfOftain;' gt?o; Job; ng, sincr; Gi, tfren; th, thin; w, toig; wh, whig; sh,osure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. -&r On this page will bo found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 'XDRUM Drnm (dr&m), n. A Celtio wcrd signifying a round knoll, a ridge, a small hill. It enters into the com- position of many place-names, especially in Ireland and Scotland, as Brumeondra, Drumglass, Drum- sheugh, .Druwilanrig, Drumoak, and is frequently found alone as the name of a farm, estate, village, and the like. jDrum bier (driim'bler), n. (Naut.) A kind of ship. Hackluyt. Drum-head (drfim'hgd), n. A variety of cabbage having a large, rounded, or flattened head.—Drum- head court-martial (Mil.), a court-martial held on the field, or couvened suddenly. Drum-ma jor (drum7 ma jur), n. A noisy assem- bly or convivial gathering; a drum. [R-] Drum mer (drum er), n. 1. One who goes about soliciting patronage or custom. [TJ. S.] 2. (Entom.) A name given in tho West Indies to the Blatta gigantea, an in.°ect which, in old tim- ber and deal bouses, has the power of making a noise at night, by knocking Its head against tho wood. The sound very much resembles a pretty smart knocking with the knuckle upon the wain- scoting. 3. A name applied to the male partridge, from the peculiar souud produced by beating his wings against his breast while standing iu an upright po- sition upon a hollow log. Drum mlng (drum'ing), n. 1* A beating as upon a drum; act of beating with a rapid succession of 2. The sonnd made by a partridge in the spring, produced by beating his breast with hi a wings. Drum mock (drum'ok), n. A mixture of meal and cold .vater. Written also Drammock. [Scotch.] Burns. Drnm-r6om f (driim'rOm),». The room where a drum or crowded evening party was held. Fielding. Drunk (drungk), n. A carousal; a prolonged de- bauch ; a drunken spree; a drinking-bout. [Slang., U. S.l Drunk en (drtingk'en), n. A term applied by work- men to a screw, the thread of which is uneven and produces an unsteadiness of motion in the nut. Drunt (driint), n. The pet; the dumps ; the buff. [Scotch.] An' Mary, nae doubt, took the drunt. Bums. Dru pa ce se (dru-pS'se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A name given by some botanists to that division of rosa- ceous plants which comprehends the peach, the cher- ry, the plum, and similar fruit-bearing trees. More generally called Amygdalece. Dru pel (drupel), n. (Bot.) A little drupe; seed- fruit containing numerous small stony seeds, as the strawberry or raspberry. Dry (drl), a.—Dry-cupping (Med.), the application of the cupping-glass without scarification, in order to produce revulsion of the blood from any part of the body.—Dry distillation, distillation without the addition of water.—Dry money or dry cash, real coin; specie ; tie, he paid a hundred dollars in dry money. —Dry steam, super-heated steam.— Dry stone voalls, walls built of 6tone without mortar. Dry as (drl'as), n. (Bot.) 1* A genus of plants, nat. order Rosacese, growing in the arctic and alpine regions of the north ern hemisphere. 2. (Myth.) A dryad. Dryasdust (drl'az-dust), n. [From a character introduced in the prefaces to several of Sir W. Scott's novels.] A dull, plodding, prosy writer, especially on antiquarian matters, who divests tho subject on which he treats of all interest. The Prussian Dryasdust. Carlyle. Dry-bone (dri'bOn), n. (Min.) A name given by min* rs to smithsonite, a silicate of zinc. Dry «dock (drl'dftk), n. (Ship-building.) A dock for receiving ships in order to their being inspected and repaired. For this purpose tho dock-is so con- trived that tbe water may bo admitted or exciuded at pTeasure ; also called a graving dock. Dry-fat (drl'fat), n. Same as Dry-vat. Dry-tist (drl'fist), ». 1. A niggardly person. Ford. 2* t A contemptuous epithet for an old woman. Dry-fist ed (drl"flst'ed), a. Niggardly. 4 Dry- fisted patrons.' News from Parnassus. Dry ing-honse (drt'ing-bous), > n. A room in Drying-room (drl'ing-rOm), J public works of onany different kinds where goods aro dried in an artificially raised temperature; specifically, an apart- ment iu factories, dye-works, eto., heated by hot air, for drying calicoes and other textile fabric*. Dry ing-ma cliisie (drF'ing-ma-shen), n. A ma- chine used in bleaching, dyeing, and laundry estab- lishments. Dry-meas nre (drI"mSzh'flr), n. The measure for dry goods, by quarters, bushels, pecks, etc. Dry-mul ture (drl^mul'tfir), n. (Scots Law.) A yearly sum of money or quantity of corn paid to a miW, whether those liable in the payment grind their grain at the mill or not. Dry-nurse (drl'nfers), n. 1* One who attends an- other in sickness. 2, Oue who stands to another in a somewhat sim- ilar relationship to that of a dry-nurse. 3. (Mil.) An inferior officer who instructs bis superior in his duties. 'Grand caterer and dry- nurse of the Church.' [Slang.] Cowper. Dry-nurse (drl'n6rs), v. t. To instruct in his unties an officer superior to one's self in rank. T Slang.] Brewer. 264 Dry o bal a nops (drT'o-bSl^an-ops), n. (Bot.) A genus of resinous, camphor-producing trees, nat. order Dipteracese, natives of the Indian Archipelago. Dry o pith e cus (drI/o-pi-th6//kus). n. [Gr. SpOs, £pvo?, an oak, and iridrjicos, an ape.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of long-armed apes, found in the mio- cene beds of the south of France. Dry o pliite (drl'o-flt), n. (ZoOl.) A species of frog. Dry-pipe (drl7pip), n. (Steam-engines.) A pipe that conducts dry steam from the boiler of a steam- engine. Dry-point ing (drl^point'lng), n. The grinding of needles and table-forks. Dry-rent (drl'rent), «. (Eng. Law.) A rent re- served without clause of distress. Dry ri lied f (drl'ri-hed), ) n. Dreariness; dismal- Dre ry lied t (dre'ri-hed), J ness ; sorrow. Spenser. Dry-stone (drl'stOn), a, A tern: applied to a wall not cemented with mortar. *Di~y-stone walls.' Sir W. Scott. Du a liai (dfl'a-lTn), n. An explosive mixture com- posed of nifcro-glycerine and sawdust, or of nitrate of potassa, sawdust, and some other substances. Du al ism (dtl'al-Izm), n. The dividing into two; a twofold division; a system founded on a double principle. An inevitable dualism bisects nature. Emerson. —Hence (a) (Met.) Tbe doctrine of those who main- tain the existence of spirit and matter as distinct substances, in opposition to idealism, which main- tains we have no knowledge or assurance 6f the ex- istence of anything but our own ideas or sensa- tions. Dualism may correspond with realism In maintaining that our ideas of things are true tran- scripts of the originals or rather of the qualities inherent in.them, the spirit acting as a mirror and reflecting their true images, or it may hold that, although produced by outward objects, we have no assurance that in reality these at all correspond to our ideas of them, or even that they produce the same idea in two different minds. Berkeley then is right in triumphing over Realism and Dualism. Right in saying that if he were to ac- cord them the existence of matter they could make no use of it. The subject would remain as darkles be- fore ; matter throws no light on it. G. H. tewes. (b) (Physiol.) The theory that the two hemispheres of the brain can act independently of each other. Duality (du-Sl'i-ti), n. Dualism; the state or quality of being dual or twofold. Dub (dub), v. t. To make smooth, or of an equal surface, by striking, rubbing, or dressing, as to put a game-cock in fighting trim by cutting off its comb and wattles. Dub bing (dftb'ing), n. 1. Tbe act of making a knight; entitling; dressing by means of an adz; raiding a nap on cloth by teasles. 2, A kind of greasy dressing used by curriers. Dub bing-tool (dub'ing-tol), n. A tool for dress- ing or paring down to a smooth or an even surface. Dubhe^n. [Ar.] A star of the first magnitude in the northern constellation Drsa Major. It is a vari- Du bi ate (dfl'bi-at), v. t. To doubt; to feel doubt. [R.] Du bit a bly (dfl'bit-a-bli), adv. In a dubitable manner ; doubtfully; with Uncertainty. [R.] Du bi tate (du'bi-tat), v. i. To hesitate ; to doubt. [R.] Carlyle. Du bi ta tive ly (dfl^bi-ta'tlv-li), adv. In a hesi- tating or doubtful manner Du eal ly (dfl'kal-Ji), a#v. After the manner of a duke ; in relation with a duke or a ducal family ; as, ducally connected. Duclin ) (dychn), n. (Bot.) A kind of millet (Pen- Duklin y nisetum typhoideum or Holcusspicatus), many varieties of which are cultivated in Egypt, and to some extent in Spain, as a grain plant and for a kind of beer. Duck (duk), v. t.—Duck up (Naut.), a term used by the steersman for 'haul the sails out of the way.' Duck-ant (d&k'ant), n. (Entom.) A term applied in Jamaica to a species of Terines or white ant. Duck-bills (duk'bllz), n. pi. The broad-toed shoe3 of the fifteenth century. Duck's-bill Lim pet(d&ks"bTl llm'pet), n.(Zo&l.) A genus of gasteropodous molluscs. Duck-sliot (duk'shQt), n. Large shot used for shooting wild ducks. Duct less (dukfc'les), a. Without a duct. Due tort (duk'ter), ». A leader. Dud ecra (dud-en'), n. [Irish.] A tobacco-pipe with a short stem. Written also dudhcoz. Dnd die } (dQd'di), a. Ragged ; tattored : having a Dud dy ji disreputable appearance. [Scotch.] Burns. Dud geon (diid'jun), a Rude ; unpolished; coarse. Beau. & Fl. Dud geon-dag ger (dud'jun-dag'er), n. A short sword or dagger. Dud ley Lime stone (dud'li Hm'stOn), n. (Qeol.) A highly fossiliferous limestone belonging to the Silurian system, occuring near Dudley, England, and equivalent to the Weulock limestone. It abounds in beautiful masses of coral, shells and trilobites. Called also Dudley Rock. IDud man (dQd'mSn), n. A scarecrow. [R.J Due-dis tant (dG/'dls'tant), a. Stationed at a proper distance*. Pope. DUMBLEDOR Du el (dll'el), n. 1. A fight between two fortresses^1 two encamped armies and the like, carried on with- out the tactics of a pitched battle, or an assault. 2» Any contention or contest. [R. ] Milton. Du el some (du'el-sflm), a. Inclined or given to dueling; eager or ready to fight duels. [R.J Incorrigibly duelsome on his own account. Thackeray. Du e na (dS-S'nya), n. [Sp.] Same as Duenna. Du et ti no (dO'et-tg^no), n. [It. dim. of duetto.] (Mus.) A short duet or composition for two voices or instruments. Duff(duf), n. [A prov. form of dough.'} 1. (Naut.) A term applied by seamen to a stiff flour pudding boiled in a bag. 2. Paste or dough. [Prov. Eng.] Du foil (dfl'foil), n. [Lat. duo, two, and folium, a. leaf.J (Her.) A two-leaved flower. Du fren ite (du-fren;it), n. [From the French mineralogist Dufrenoy.J (Min.) A kind of iron ore* of a leek-green or blackish-green color, which, changes to yellow and brown on exposure ; hydrous phosphate of iron. Duke (dOk), v. i. To act or play the part of a duke. [R. and Poet.] * Shak„ Duke ship (dllk'ship), n. 1. The state or dignity of a duke. 2. A style of address used to a duke, on type of lordship. Massingcr. Duk Iio bort si (dflk^O-borf'si), n. pi. A sect of Russian fanatics, remarkable for their fine fcrm and vigorous constitution, which are said to be due? to the fact that they destroy every delicate child. In 1842 and following years most of the sect were transported to the Caucasus. Dulcamarin (dul-kdm'a-rin or d&rka-ma' rin)* n. (Chem.) A substance obtained from the Sola- num Dulcamara or bitter-sweet, forming a yellow transparent resinous mass, readily soluble in al- cohol, sparingly so in ether, and very slightly solu- ble in water. Dul ci an a (dfil'si-Sn^a), n. [Lat. dulcis, sweet. J (Mus.) A peculiarly sweet-toned stop in the organ. Dul ci fied (duFsl-fTd), p. a. Made sweet.—Dulci- fied spirit, a compound of alcohol with mineral acids ; as. Dulcified spirits of niter. ^ Dul ci mer (duFsi-mer), n. f A variety of ladies* bonnet. Warton. Dul cin (dQl'sTn), ». See Dulcite. Dul cite (dul'sit), ) n. [Lat. dulcis, sweet.] (Chem.y Dul cin (dul'sin).) (CSH14Q6.) A substance iden- tical in composition with mannite, but differing- from it in its properties and its derivatives, ob- tained by Laurent from an unknown sugary sub- stance from Madagascar. It has a specific gravity of 1*46, a slightly sweet taste, no odor, and no ro- tatory effect upon light. Dulcite is' soluble in. water and combines with metallic oxides: Called also Dulcose. Dul cose (dul'kOs), See Dxtlcitb. Dule-tree (dQl'trg), n. [Duff, sorrow, and tree.| The mourning-tree (see extract); similar tothedu»- deurshuil (the knoll of the tearful eye) of the High- lands, where the clan usually assembled to bewail any misfortune that befell the community. [Sc.] The Earl of Cassilis fell at Flodden with many of hia followers; and there is still to be seen, in front of the castle, a very large plane-tree, underneath whose^ melancholy boughs his sorrowing people are said to- have spent several weeks in lamentations of their own and their country's calamity ; for which reason it bears- the appellation of the dule-tree. Land of Burns. Dull (dul), a. + Tranquilizing; lulling; soothing. Shak.-Dull-sighted, having imperfect sight; pur- blind.— Dull-wit ted, having a dull intellect: heavy- Dull (dul), v. i. To become calm; to moderate; as, the wind dulled% or dulled down, about twelve* o'clock. Dullish (dul'ish), a. Somewhat dull; somewhat Btunid ; tiresome. * A 6eries of dullish verses.' Prof. Wilson. Dul ly (dul'i),®. Somewhat dull; dullish. Tennyson~ Du ma sine (dfl'ma-sln), n. (Chem.) An empy- reumated oil, obtained by rectifying acstono de- rived from the acetate. Dumb (diim), a.—To strike dumb, to confound; to< astonish ; to render silent by astonishment. - Dumb ague, a variety of ague or intermittent fever i» •which the chill is not well defined. [U. S.] Dumb (dumb), n.—Dumb-barge, a barge without 6ai'a or oars.—Dumb-bidding, a form of bidding at auctions, where the exposer puts a reserved bid under a candlestick or other covering, and no bid is received which does not corn© up to that. [Eng.} —Dumb-cake, a cake made on St. Mark's Eve, with numerous ceremonies, by maids, to discover their future husbands: so named because it is made 'n< silence.—Dumb-cane (Bot.), a plant, the Dieffen- bachia seguina of the West Indies, so called irom its acridity causing swelling of the tongue w'xen. chewed, and destroying the power of speech — Dumb-chalder. Same a3 Chalder.—Dumb-craft, am instrument somewhat similar to tho screw-jack* having wheels and pinions which protrude a ram, the point of which communicates the power.—Duwly discoursive, a. Speaking without words; silently pleading. Skak, There lurks a still and dumb-discoursive devil. Shah, Dumb found (dum'found), v. t. Same as Dum~ found. Dum ble dor (dfim'bl-dw), n. [Dumble, imita- tive of the sound, and dor.] Rotation : ^ 5, 6,1, 0. ]3. long; &, 6,1, 5, ft, On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; f&r3 f&U, fjst, cAre; plirases and definitions NOT contained in Mr, mOve, or; byll, 0, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton} the latest editions of Wetosters and Wor~DUMB-SINGLES 1. (Entom.) The humble or bumble bee. %• The brown cockchafer. Written also Dum- m^-dor. Dumb-sin gles (diim-sin'gles), n. pi. A kind o£ sUk merely wound and cleaned. Di» mec o la (du-mek'o-la), n. [Lat. (Junius, abush cr briar, and colo, to inhabit.] (Ornith.) A genusof bird?, belonging to the Parianae, or Titmice; fami- ily, Silviadfe. Dumeril ia (dfl'mo-rfr'i-a^n. [In honor of M. Du- meril.] (Bot.) A genua of half-shrubby South Amer- ican composite plants; suborder, Labiatiflorse. Du me tose (du'me-tOs), a. [Lat. dumetum, a bush, from dumus, a bramble.] (Bot.) Bush-like. Dum my (dum'mi), n. 1. A locomotive, furnished with condensing engines, and thus preventing the noise of escaping steam; intended chiefly for street' use. 2. The name given by firemen to the jets from the mains, or chief water-pipes. 3* A hatter's pressing iron. 4. A person on the stage who appears before the lights, but has nothing to say ; a doltish, thick-wit- ted fellow; a lout. 5. A general name for a class of objects which are not what their appearance indicates, but do ser- vice for real ones. 6. (Book-binding.) The lay figure in blank paper of the future book, to furnish the size for cases and dies in advance of printing.—Double dummy, a game at whist with only two players, each having a hand exposed. [In all its senses the word is colloquial.] Dum my Cdum'mi), a. 1« Silent; dumb; speech- less ; mute. Clarke. 2, Sham; pretended; fictitious; feigned ; as, a dummy watch. Mayhew. Du mous (dfl'mus), la. [Lat. dumosus, from du- Du mose (du-mOs'), S mus, a bramble.] Abound- ing in, or covered with brambles and bushes. Dump (dtimp), n. (Mining.) A place where waste rock or trailings are thrown.—To be in the dumps, to be gloomy, melancholy, or downcast. Dump (dump), v. t. To thump; to strike or knock heavily. [Prov. Eng.] Dump age (dtimp'aj), n. 1. The privilege of dumping loads from carts on a particular spot. 2. The fee paid for' Buch privilege. [American in both senses. j Dump ing-car (dOmp'ing-kar), n. A car the body of which can be turned partly over to be emp- tied. Called also Dumping-cart. [U. S.]—Dumping- ground, a piece of ground where earth, etc., is al- lowed to be depositee? from carts. [U. S.] Dum pie (dum pi), v. t. To double or bend; to fold, as one part over another. He was a little man, dumpled up together. Sir W. Scott. Dunce dom (duns7dum), n. The realm or domain oC dunces. Carlyle. Dun cl ad (duns'i-ad), n. A famous satirical poem by Pope in ridicule of Colley Cibber, Theobald, and other poetasters of the period. Dun eft cal (dun'si-kal), a. Like a dunce; stupid; duncish; doltish. Fuller. Dun cisli (dun'sish), a. Dunce-like; inclined to dullness ; duncical. [R.] Dun-cow (dQn'kou), n. The name given on the coast of Devonshire to the species of ray, Baia ful- lonica. Dun der liead ed (dim' der-h6d'ed), a. Like a dunderhead. Dune (dun), ». The name given in several parts of Scotland to an ancient fort with a hemispherical or conical roof. Dun-fly (dun'fll), n. A kind of fly. Dungaree (dun/ga-rS//), n. [Anglo-Indian, low, common, vulgar.] A coarse unbleached Indian cal- ico, generally blue, worn by sailors. Dung-cart (dung'kart), n. A cart used for carry- ing dung. Dun geon (dQn'jun), n. [Fr. dongeon, donjon.] The ihuerinost and strongest tower of a castle; the donjon. Dun geon Ing (dun'jun-ing),n. The act of shut- ting up or confining in a dungeon. 'Loathsome dungeoning of Leighton.' Coleridge. Dung-liill (dung'hil), a. Snrung from the dung- hill ; mean ; low ; base ; vile. Unfit are dunghill knight9 to serve the town with speiir in field. Qooge. Dun gi yah (dyn-gS'ya), n. (Naut.) A coasting vessel met with in the Persian Gulf, on the coasts of Arabia, and especially in the Gulf of Cutch. Duniwassal (d\m'i-was"sal), n. [Gael, duin' uasnl, from duine, a man, and Masai, gentle.] A gentleman; especially, a gentleman of secondary rank among the Highlanders; a cadet of a family of rank. Sir W. Scotjt. Dun lin (d&n'lln), n. [Perhaps from dune with dim. termination -ling; or from dun, adj.] (Or- nith.) A bird (Tringa variabilis), a species of sand- piper. occurring in va, a fragrant shrub, nat. order Myricacese, found in bogs and moors .-Dutch pink, chalk or whiting dyed yellow with a decoction of birch-leaves, French berries, and alum.— Dutch school (Paint.), the name applied to a peculiar style of painting which has attained its highest development in Holland, characterized by the selection of subjects of a low or commonplace character. Dutch man (dfich'mSn), n. 1. A native or an in- habitant of Holland. 2. A German. [Colloq. U. S. and Older Eng.] Dutch y (dach'i), n. Same as Duchy. Du ty (dfl'ti). n.—Specific duty, a duty of a fixed sum per gallon, yard, etc., without regard to value : in contradistinction from ad valgrem (according to value) duty, which is a certain per cent, charged on the value of the goods in the country from which they are imported. ■ Dux(duks), n. [Lat.] A leader; a chief; spe- cifically, the head or chief pupil of a class or,division in an English public school. Dwam ) (dwam), n. A qualm; a swoon ; a sudden Dwaum ) fit of sickness. [Scotch.] Jamieson. Dwang (dwang), n. The Scotch term for a strut inserted between the timbers of a floor to stiffen them. Dwarf (dwarf), t>. i. To become less; to become dwarfish or stunted. * As it grew, it dwarfed.' Buckle. Dwarf ling (dwarf'ling), n. A diminutive dwarf; g pygmy. Chapman, Dwell ing (dwgl'ing), w. t Delay. Chaucer. Dwin die ment (dwin'dl-ment), n. The act or state of dwindling, shrinking, diminishing. Mrs. Oliphant. Dy ad (dl'ad), a. [Lat. dyaa, dyadis, Gr. 8vas, fivafios, from 6vo, two.] 1. Pertaining or relating to a pair. 2. (Chem.) That possesses an equivalence of two: applied to an element that may be replaced by, substituted for, or combined with, two monad atoms; bivalent. Dy ad (dl'ad), n. 1* Two units treated as,one; a pair; a couple. A point answers to a monad, and a line to a dyad, and -superficies to a triad. Cudworth. 2. (Chem.) An elementary substance, each atom of which, in combining with other bodies, is equiv- alent to two atoms of hydrogen. Dy ak (dl'ak), n. A people of Borneo, a large is- •land'of the East India Archipelago. They are gen- erally considered as the aborigines of the island. Written also Daydk. Dy as (dl'as), n. [Gr., the number two, something composed of two parts.] ( Geol.) A term sometimes applied to the Permian system from its being divid- ed into two principal groups. D.y aus (di-ous' or dyous), n. (Hind. Myth.) One of the elemental divinities of thd Yedas, the god of the bright sky, his name being connected with that of the Greek Zeus through the root dyu, to shine, and the Latin Jupiter, which is merely Dyaus piter ch, chain; g, go; j, ,/ob j ng, si»<7; th, Y/ien; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. ^ m- On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor^ cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.DTE or Zeus pater, father Dyaus or Zeus. He was es- pecially the rain-god, or rather primarily the sk7 from which rain falls. He finally gave place to his Ron Indra. JJye-Kdl), v. i. To die. Spenser. Dyet (dl), n. Lot; chance; hazard. *Such is the dye of war.» Spenser. Dy er's-moss (ctt'erz-mBs), n. (Bot.) A lichen, Roccella tinctoria. Called alBo Orchil or Archil. Dy ©r's-rack. et (dl//erz-rilk/et), n. (Bot.) Same as Dyerys-weed. Dye ster (dl'ster), n. A dyer. [Scotch.] Dye-stone (dl'stOn), n. (Min.) A species of hematite iron-ore: so oalled from its being used for coloring purposes. Dy«-work (dl/w6rk), n. An establishment in which dyeing is carried on. Dyhn (din), v. t. (Mining.) To dig ajeay a portion of a rock that a blast may be more efficient; other- wise called to hulk. Dy Ing ness (dl'ing-nes), ». A languishing look ; a die-away appearance. Conareve. Dyke (dlk), v. t. Same as Dike. By nac tin om e ter (di-n4k/tin-5m,/et-er), n. [Gr. SvVauis, strength, aim's, a ray, and /xe'rpop, measure.] An instrument for measuring the in- tensity of actinio power, or for oomparing the quick- ness of lenseB. Dynamic (di-n&n'ik), )a. Of or pertain- Dy nam ic al (di-nSm'ik-al),) ing to the effects of the forces in nature; as, dynamical geology.— Dynamical electricity, current electricity.— Dynam- ic theory, a theory by which Kant endeavored to ex- plain the nature of matter or the mode of its for- mation. Dy nam fc al ly (di-nSm'ik-al-li), adv. In a dy- namical manner; according to the laws of dynamics. Dynamics (di-nilm'iks), n. [Gr. Sveajuuc, force or power.]—Geological dynamics, that branch of geology which treats of the nature and mode of op- eration of all kinds of physicnl agents that have at any time, and in any manner, affected the surface and interior of the earth. Dy na mite (dl'nam-It), n. [Gr. Svpajuif, strength.] An explosive substance consisting of a siliceous earth from Oberlohe in Hanover impregnated with nitro-glycerine. The object of the mixture is to di- ; Notation : ft, 6,1,0, II, long; 260 minJsh the susceptibility of nitro-gly cerine to •light shock, and so to facilitate its carriage without destroying its explosive force. The disruptive force of dynamite is estimated at about eight times that of gunpowder. Sometimes charcoal, sand, and saw-dust have been employed as substitutes for the siliceous earth. Dyn am 1 za tlon (dln'am-i-zfi//shun), n. A term used by homeopathists for the extreme trituration of medicines with a view of increasing their effi- ciency or strength. Dy nam o«e lec trie (di-n8m/o-e-lSk"trik), a. Pro- ducing force by means of electricity; as, a dynamo- electrio machine; also,produced.by eleotrio force. See Electbic. Dyn a mo met rl© (dIn'a-mo-m6t"rik), ) Dyn a mo met rlc al (dln'a-mo-mgf'rik-al), J Of or pertaining to a dynamometer, or to the meas- ure of foroe. Dyn a mom e try (dtn/a-m5m"e-tri), n. The aet, art, or process of using the dynamometer. Dy nas tl dae (dl-n&rtl-dS), ». pi. [Gr. Swwmj?, a master, and elfiov, resemblance.] {Entom.) A family of lamelllcorn beetles, comprising several which are remarkable for their size, strength, and formidable appearance. Dyne (din), ». [Gr. SuVa/xi*, power.] (Physics.) A unit of force, being that force which, acting on a gramme for one second, generates a velocity of a centimeter per second. Dys* (dls). An inseparable Greek prefix from signifying iU or evil, bad, hard, difficult. Dys aes the si a (dls'Bs-thS'si-a or dls'es-thS'zhi-a), «. [Gr. with difficulty, and ala0i)-jlst"lk)xa. [Formed on the> model of eulogistic, from Gr. evAoyta, well-speaking, the prefix signifying ill, and the word having therefore the opposite signification of eulogistic.}, Conveying censure, disapproval, or opprobrium; censorious; opprobrious. The dyslogiatio names of the day, Anarchist, Destruc- tive, and the like. - Fining. Dys lo gls tic al ly (dlslo-jtsfio-al-ll), adv. In a dyslogistic manner; so as to convey censure ci firs- approval. T. H. Green. Dysmen orrhoea (dIs/men-or-r6//a), n. [Gr. £v?, difficult, , month, and pe'a>, to flow.] (Med.y Difficult or laborious menstruation; catameniai discharges accompanied with great local pain, es- pecially in the loins. Dys teleology (dIs'te-le-5!"o-jl), ». JGr. bad, tc'Ao?, re'Acos, purpose, end, and Aoyo?, dis- course.] A word invented by Professor Haeckel of Jena for that branch of physiology which treats of the ' purposelessness' observable in living organ- isms, such as the multitudinous cases of rudiment- ary and apparently useless structures. Dys n rlc (dis-fl'rik), a. Relating to, or affeeted by, dysury. Dytlcus (dlt'i-kus), n. (Entom.) The same as Dytiscus. Dy tls cl dae (di-tfs'si-de), n.pl. [Dytiscus (which Bed), and Gr. «Wo«, likeness.] (Entom.) A large fam- ily of pentamerons coleopterous insects, of which the genus Dytiscus (water-beetle) is the type. Dy vour (dI'vyr), n. (Old Soots Law.) A bankrupt who has made a cessio bonorum to his creditors. Dze ron(dz6/ron or zS'ron), «. (Zodl.) A species of Chinese antelope. Written also Dzeren% .which see. Dzlggetal (dzlg'gp-ta or dzfg/ge-trl, n. (Zooi.) The wild ass of Asia (Equus hetnionus)% whose hab- its are so graphically recorded in the book of Job, and believed to be the hemionos of Herodotus and Pliny, Galled also Kiangt Koulan, -and Khur or Gfoor. i Mr, mOve, or; bull, tt, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton; ft, 8,1,0, ft, abort; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.E 267 ECCENTKIC E. P e. The fifth letter and the second vowel in -*-*7 the English language. Ead ish, n. (ead-ish.) The same as [Eddish.] £a ger (ea-ger), a. Syn.—Eager, Earnest. Ea- ger denotes an excited desire or longing, and an intentness upon pursuit of some object, as hounds eager in the chase, a child eager for fun. He who is eager, seeks to gain or enjoy with the least possible delay, and is proportionately stimulated to action. The term may relate to what is praiseworthy or the contrary. Earnest is al- ways used in a good sense; and though earnest- ness may grow into specific eagerness, it by no means implies this. Eagerness relates to the object, earnest to the occupation, the state or habit. Earnestness is a combination of sincerity and energy. A person is said to be in earnest. The faithful clergyman earnestly exhorts his hearers to avoid sin.—Fallows'' Synonyms Dis- criminated. £a gle-hawk (ea'gle-hawk), n. (Ornith.) An English designation given to the genus of eagles called by Cuvier Morphnus, and by Vieillot Spi- zaetus. They are from South America. Ea gle-owl (ea'gle-owl), n. (Ornith.) (a) (Sing.) Bubo maximus. (b) (PI.) Swain son's English designation for the genus Nyctia. They are of large size, have a small head without egrets, have prominent eye- Irows, very small ears, short, thickly-feathered tarsi, a short tail, and rather long wings. Ea gle-plume (ea'gle-plume), n. Aplumemade of the feathers from an eagle. "Morena's eagle-plume adorned his crest." Scott: Don Roderick, xxviii. Ea gle-rays (ea'gle-rays), n. pi. (Omith.) The name of the fishes belonging to genus Mylio- batis. Ear-drum (ear'driim), n. The tympanum. Earl ish ness (earllsh-nSss), n. The qualities or characteristics of an earl. [.Rare.] 44 KEarlishness! I never heard of such a word.' 4If there is not such a word, there ought to be. Girl is represented by girlishness; why not earl by earlishnessP"—Mortimer Collins'. Two Plun- ges for a Pearl, vol. iii., p. 114. Ear nest (er'nest), a. Syn.—See Eager. Ear nest (er'nest), n. Syn.—Earnest, Pledge. Earnest is less strong than pledge. After & pledge we expect by personal right; after an earnest we expect by natural sequence. A pledge is some kind of security actually given for the future. An earnest often involves no more security than that of a high probability. One may pledge his word. One's early school successes give an ear- nest of his brilliant career in after life.—Fal- lows* Synomyms Discriminated. Ear-shell (ear'sheil), n. (Conch) (a) (Sing.): The English name of the gasteropodous genus Haliotis. It is so called from the ear-shaped character of its shell. About 75 recent species are known. (b) (PI.:) The family Haliotidoe, of which Haliotis is the type. Earth, (erth), n. 1. (Magnetism.) The action of the earth on magnetic substances is like that of a magnet, and it has two poles different from the ordinary poles. [Pole.] 2. (Chem.) a. Originally. In the opinion of the ancient chemists, or alchemists, one of the four elements of which all material things in the world were held to be composed, the others being fire, air, and water. Not even one of the four is really a simple substance. (b.) Later. A name given to various sub- stances, opaque, insipid to the taste, incombus- tible, and, when dry, friable, i. e., easily sepa. rated into particles. Five divisions of them were recognized: (a) Boles, (b) Clays, (e)—Prynne: 1 His trio-mas tix, vi. 3. Eccentric (ec-gSn'tric) n. (Mech.) A term applied to a group of mechanical contrivances for converting oircular into reciprocating rectilinear motion: they consist of variously shaped discs attached to a revolving shaft, and according to the shape of the working surfaces distin- guished as triangular, heart-shaped, toothed, or circular eccentrics. The term is more especially applicable to the latter form, the others being only particular varieties of cam ; it consists of a circular disc attached to a shatt, but having its center at a small distance from that of the axis of the shaft. The distance between these points is called the eccentricity, and corresponds to the radius of the circle described by the disc in its revolution oifhalf the length of the path described by the end eccentric rod. Practically there is no difference between the crank and the eccentric; the latter may be considered as a crank in which the radius of the crank-pin is greater than that of the crank-arm. Eccentric-gear, eccentric-gearing, Cog-wheels set on eccentric axes give a variable circular motion, as In the case of the eccentric contrate-wheel and pinion, and the eccentric spur-wheel and intermediate shifting pinion. Links connect the axis of the pinion with those of the driver and driven wheels, and preserve the pinion at proper mashing. Eccentric-rod. The rod connecting the eccentric strap to the lever which moves the side-valve. Eccentric- strap. The ring inclosing an eccentric sheave and connecting by a rod to the object to be recip- rocated, as, the slide-valve of a steam-engine. Notation: a, e, 1, o, tt, y, long; a, 6, I, 6. ii, f, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm: done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, r^de» push; e, i, o, silent; $ as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; ? as gz; © as in linger, link; th as in thine. gB-On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions ofboth Webster's and Worcester's Unahridsct Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.ECCENTRICITY 268 EFFACEABLE Ec cen trie i ty (6c' {hopto) =to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting out; specif., a perpendicular division of the cranium by a cut- ting instrument.—Dunglison. Eceoprotic (Sceo-pnM/ie),™. (Med.) A med- icine which Has the property or quality of pro- moting alvine discharges; a purgative, a cathar- tic. Ec crin ol o gy (ge'crln-fil^o-gy-), n. [Gr. e«- tcpLvui (ekkHno)—to pick out, to secrete, and Aoyos (logos)—a discourse.] (Physiol.) A treatise on the bodily secretions. Ec cri sis (£e'cri-sis), n. [Gr. e/c/cp<,6pa (echinophora)=&kind of shell, from exivos (echinos) [Echinus], and opog (phoros)=bearing, carrying.] (Bot.) Prickly Samphire, a genus of Umbel- liierse, family Smyrnidae. The fruit is ovate, lodged in a prickly receptacle, with a prickly involucre. E clli nopS (S-chl'nflps), n. [Gr. extvo? (echinos) =a hedge-hog, ... a sea-urchin, and (ops), or o\{j (ops)=the eye, the face, the countenance. 1 (Bot.) ■ A genus of composite plants, the typical one of the sub-order CynaresB. They have single-flowered heads, arranged in dense round clusters at the ends of the branches, so as to look like one great composite flower. They occur in Asia Minor, the South of Europe, India, etc. "A (Zool.) A genus of animals comprising the shrews. E chin u late (6-chln'a-late), a. [Mod. Lat. dimin. of Class. Lat. echinatus— set with prickles, prickly.] (Zool.) Possessing small spines. E clii nus (e-ehi'nus), n. (Zool.) A genus of Regu- lar Echinoids, the typical one of the family Echi- nidae. They are shaped something like an orange, with two opposite orifices; connected by rows of little hoLes or bands approximated by pairs, and resembling the meridians of longitude on a ter- restrial globe. They are covered w th spines and tubercles. • The mouth, which is not the superior, but the inferior orifice, has five teeth. The genus comprises the sea-urchins. Ecli i um (Seh'i-um), n. [Gr. exLOV (echion) = L a plant, the Echium rubrum, from ex^s (echis)-y the viper, the adder, beeause it was supposed to * cure the bite of that venomous reptile. This explanation h however, been disputed.] (Bot.) Vipers' bugloss, a genus of Boraginace®, the typical one of the tribe Echiese. Echium vulgare is the Vipers' bugloss or common Echi- um. E. violaceum or plantagineum, the Purple- flowered Bugloss or Purple Echium. E co nom ic, e co nom ic al, (6/3o-n5m//ic, e-'co-nom^ie-al), a. 1. Managed or handied with care and frugality, an economical use of resources or time. H. Pertaining to the science of economics, or to the resources of a country. Economics (e'eo-ndm^ies), n. That branch of political economy which treats of exchang- able things, and of the laws which regulate their exchange. E con o miz a tion (e-edn'o-miz-a7 tion), n. The act, practice, or habit; of economizing; economy, frugality, saving. E con o my (e-con'o-my), n. Syn.— Economy, Frugality, Parsimony. Economy implies man- agement; frugality implies temperance; p>arsi- mony implies simply forbearance to spend, which is, in fact, the common idea included in these terms; but the economical man spares expense according to circumstances; he adapts his ex- penditure to his means, and renders it by con- trivance as effectual to his purpose as possible; the frugal man spares expense on himself or on his indulgences; he may, however, be liberal to others whilst he is frugal toward himself; the parsimonious man saves from himself as well as others; he has no other object than saving. —Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. E cor clie (a'kor-sha"), n. [Fr.] (Art:) An anatomical figure; the subject, man or animal, flayed, deprived of its skin, so that the muscular system is exposed for the purpose of study. The woid skeleton is limited in its application ta the bony structure. E coute (e-coute7), n. [Fr.—a place for listening; ecoutei—to hear.] (Fort) A gallery formed in front of the glacis of a fortification, as a lodgment for troops to in- tercept the miners of an attacking force. Ec pho lie ma (fie'phd-ne^ma), n. ^ [Gr.=a thing called out: etc (efc) = out, and oovrj (phone) =the voice.] (Rhet.) A giving utterance to some interjec- tion al particle. Ec plio iieme (6c'ph6-neme) n. (Gram.) A mark (:) used to express wonder, surprise, admiration, etc. Ec l>liys e sis (ee'phys-e^sis), n. [Gr. e/c^ucnjcris (ekphusesis) =a breathing out; eiafivcrdu) (ekphu- sao)=to breathe out.] (Med.) Accelerated breathing. Ec rliytli mils (6e-rhyth/musQ, n. (Gr. e/cpufyaos ^eJcrhuthmos) = out of tune: ck (ek) = out, and pvOfj.os (rhuthmos) = tune.) (Med.): A beating of the pulse in an irregular or disordered manner. Ec thym a (6c'th5rm-a), n. [Gr. = a pustule.] (Path.) An eruption of pimples having a hard and inflamed base. Ee to blast (Se'to-bl&st), n. [Gr. cktos (ektos) = outside, and0Aahenomena, and to give an account of the production and elforma- tion of the universe."—Ray: On the Creation, pt. 1. Ef front u ous ly (6f-front'a-ous-ly), adv. In a shameless, impudent manner, with effrontery or boldness. [Obs.] Ef fuse (ef-fuse' ), a. 1. (Bot.) Applied to an inflorescence, or to a kind of panicle with a very loose one-sided arrangement. 2. (Conch.) Applied to shells where the aper- ture is not whole behind, but the lips are separ- ated by a gap or groove. Ef fuse (Sf-fuse7), n. Effusion, outpouring, shed- ding, waste. [Obs.] "The air hath got into my deadly wounds, And much effuse of blood doth make me faint." Shakesp.: 3 Henry VI., ii. 6. Ef ftt Sion (&f-fti'§ion), n. (Pathol.) (a). The escape of any fluid out of the vessel containing it into another part. (b) The secretion of fluid from the vessels, on different surfaces, said of lymph and serum. Effusiveness (6f-fu sive-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being effusive. E ge ri a (£-ge7ri-a), n. 1. (Classic Myth.) A nymph or goddess who had a fountain at Aricia. Thither Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, was said to have repaired to hold con- verse with her, obtaining from her the laws which he promulgated, and directions for the worship of the gods. 2. iAstron.) An asteroid, the thirteenth found. It was discovered by De Gasparis, on Sept. 13, 1850. H. (Zool.) A genus of decapod short-tailed Crustaceans. Egeria indica inhabits the Indian seas. 4. (Bot.) A genus of Hydrocharidacese. Egg (egg), v. t. [Icel. eggja—to goad, egg on; egg—an edge.] [Edge, n.] To incite, to urge on, to stimulate, to insti- gate, to provoke or encourage to action. "Study becomes pleasant to him who is pursu- ing his genius, and whose ardor of inclination eggs him forward."—Durham: Phisico-The- ology. Egg-de vel op ment (Sgg^de-vSVop-ment). n. The process by which an egg is developed; the study relating to the science of embryology. Eg ger y (6g'ger-y), n. A nest of eggs; a de- pository for eggs; an eyry or aery. [-Rare.] Egg-hot, egg-flip (egg'hdt, 6gg'flip), n. A drink compounded of warm ale, flavored with sugar, spice, spirit, and beaten eggs. Egg ler (6gg;ler), n. (Eng. egg, n. ; -ler.] A collector of or dealer in eggs ; an egg-merchant. "The egglers were busy getting ready their huge packing-cases for the road, sorting ducks' eggs from hen's eggs, and ranging each kind in its layer of straw."—Macmillan^s Magazine (Sept. 1881), p. 379. E go hood (e'go-hood), n. [Lat. ego, and Eng. suff. - hood. I Individuality, personality. " Whether we try to avoid it or not, we must face, this reality some time—the reality of our own Egohood—that which makes us say 'I,' and in saying 'I' leads to the discovery of a new world."—British Quarterly Review, vol. lvii., p. 79. E go ie al (6-g n. The laws of electricity in a state of motion, or the action of electric currents upon eacfcL other and upon magnets. It is distinguished from Electrostatics, which treats of electricity in a state of rest. E lec tro g;ild ing (e-lSe^tro-glld'ing), n. A means of covering a metal or a metallic surface by exposure in a bath of a solution of a metallic salt, which is decomposed by electrolytic action. E lec trol O gy (e^e-trdl^o-gy), n. [Gr. riXenrpov (electron) — amber, and Aoyos (logos)—a^ discourse.] The science which treats of the phenomena of electricity, and attempts to trace them to their causes. E lec tro lyz a ble (e-lSc'tro-lyz^a-ble), a. That may or can be decomposed by an electric- current ; capable of or liable to electrolyzation. E lec tro lyz a tion (e-i^e'tro-iyz-a 'tion), n. The act or process of electrolyzing ; the state of being electrolyzed. E lec tro mag net (e-lSe'tro-m&g^nSt), n. [Eng. electro, and magnet. | A bar of soft iron rendered temporarily magnetic by the passage of a current of electricity through a coil of wire- by which the bar is surrounded. E lec tro neg a tive (e-lSe'tro-nSg'-'a-tlve), n. [Eng, electro, and negative]. A body which, in electrolysis, passes to the positive pole ; an an- ione. E lec tro phys i ol o gy (e-lge'tro-phys-I-tfl^o- gy)i n- [Eng. electro, and physiology]. Phys- iological results produced by electricity, or vice- versa. E lec tro plate (e-lSe'tro-plate), v. t. To cover with a coating of silver or other metal by means of an electric current. E lec tro plat er (e-16e//tro-plat/er), n. One- who practises or professes elec roplating. E lec tro pos i tive (e-16c tro-pdg^i-tive), n* A body where an electrolysis passes to the nega- tive pole ; a cation. E lec tro punc tu ra tion (e-lSc'tro-ptoc'tn- ra/;tion), n. [Eng. electro, and puncturation. ]; (Surg.): A method of treatment by the insertion of needles in the body, and passing a voltaic cur- rent between the points. E lec tro stat ics (e^-lSe'tro-stat^ies), n. The science which treats of electricity in a state of rest as distinguished from Electro-dynamics, in which the electricity is in a state of motion. The distinction is analogous to that between hydrosta- tics and hydraulics. E lec tro tel e graph ic (e-16e/tro-t£l/S-gr&ph// -ic), a. Pertaining or relating to the electric telegraph. E lec tro tint (e-16c;tro-tint), n. [Eng. electro, and tint]. A mode of engraving in which the design is drawn on a copper plate with an acid- resisting varnish. By the electro-bath a reverse is obtained, and from this copies are printed. The process may ba adapted to relief or to plate- printing. E lec tro vit al (e-16e/tro-vit//al), a. Obtained from or relating to vital processes. Used of currents believed by some physiologists to cir- culate in the nerves of animals. El ee inos y na ry (SFee-mds'^-na-rJ-), n. One who dispenses alms. [06s.] "EleemosinarVt an almoner, or, one that gives alms."—Blount: Glossographia. 2. One who depends upon charity or alms for subsistence; a dependent. "Living as an eleemosynary upon a perpetual contribution from all and every part of the crea- tion."—South: Sermons, ill., ser. 1. El e gance (Sl'e-gan^e), n. Syn. See Gbace. El e gi ac al (sre-gi^ae-al), a. The same as- Elegiac. El e g i ast (61-e'gi-ast), n. A writer of elegies;. an elegist. "The great fault of these elegiasts is, thatthejr are in despair for griefs that give the sensible part of mankind very little pain."—Goldsmith: Vicar of Wakefield, ch. xvii. El e gi og ra pher (6l'e-£l-6g//ra-pher), n. [Gr. eAeyetoypa^os (elegeiographos), from eAeyei'a (ele- geia) = an elegy, and ypdu (grapho)=to write.] A composer of elegies; an elegist. "Elegiographer, one who writes mournful songs."—Cockeram. El e men tar i ness (Sl'e-mSn^tar-I-ngss), n. The quality or state of being elementary; prima- ry, rudimentary. [O&s.] El e men tar i ty (S^e-mSn-tar^l-t^), n- The quality or state of being elementary; elementari- ness. [O&s.] "There is a very large classis of creatures in Notation: fl, 6, i, o, tl, y, long; 6,1, 6. ti, y, short; care, fftr, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, ffifr, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, r\jde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; tfa as in thine. "On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of tooth Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. ELEMENT ATION 271 EMBRYOGONY the earth, far above the condition of elementari- ty—Browne: Vulgar Errours, bk. ii., ch. i. £1 e men ta tion ((Sle-men-ta^tion), n. The act of teaching the elements or first principles. El e mine, el e min (61'6-mine, ai's-mm), n. (Chem.) CioHjg. The transparent colorless oil distilled from elemi resin. El e* phant-ap pie (6l/e-phant-&p/ple), n, (Bot.) A tree, Feronia elephantum, which grows in India. It is of the Orange tribe, and is large and handsome, with pinnate leaves and a large grey fru t with a very hard rind. El e phan ti ac (ei'e-phan^ti-ac), a. (Med.) Pertaining to or of the nature of elephantiasis; Buffering from elephantiasis. El e vat e(l (SFe-vat'ed), p. a. Elevated-rail- way: A railway with an elevated line of rails. Any railroad supported on a continuous viaduct may be said to be an elevated railway, but the term has lately received a ra her more limited application. It is now particularly applied to city railroads of which the line of rails is so elevated as not to materially infringe upon the street area. Eleventh (e-lSv'enth), n. 1. (Arith.) One of eleven equal parts; the quotient or unity divided by eleven. (Mus.) The interval of an octave and a fourth; a compound fourth.—Stainer & Barrett. E lie i tate (6-lig i-tate), v. t. To elicit, to discover, to deduce. [Rare.] "Thus may a skillful man hid truth elicitate." More: Song of the Soul, III. ii. 41. El i mate (61'1-mate), v. t. [Lat. elimo; e=out, fully, and lima=file.] To polish, to make smooth. [06s.]. E lim i na tion (e-l!m/i-na//tion), ri. (Alg.) The operation of combining several equations containing several unknown quantities, so as to deduce therefrom a less number of equations containing a less number of unknown quantities. E lin guate (e-lin'guate, gu as gw), v. t. [Lat. elingatus, pa. par. of elinguo=to deprive of the tongue; e=out, and lingua=th.Q tongue.] To deprive of the tongue. It was an old punish- ment in English law. "The Diu'll that Diu'll elinguate for his doome." Davies: Holy Roode, p 14. Eliquament (©-liq'ua-mSnt), n. Lat. eliqua- men, from eliquo=to strain or drain.] A fluid expressed from fat or fat fish by pressure. Ei leb or in (fil-lSb'or-in), n. Fr. ellebore, from Lat. h3lleborus=hel\QboTe; suff, -in (Chem.)] {Chem.) A resin of an extremely acrid taste, found in Winter Hellebore (Helleborus hiemalis.) El lip tie (61-lip'tie), a. Elliptic-chuck. (Tar. nery.) A chuck invented by Abraham Sharp, for oval or elliptic turning. EUiptic-compasses.— Compasses or other instruments for describing not a circle but an ellipse. The simple device of two pins and a thread, mentioned under ellipse, Is the simplest form of elliptic com- passes. A slightly more complex one is made by constructing two grooves at right ansrles to each other, and causing two pins attached to a ruler to travel in the grooves. If, then, a pencil be attached to the ruler it will, when the latter is put in motion, trace out an ellipse. Elliptic- functions. (Integral Calculus.) A class of integ- rals representing the expression for the arc of an ellipse. Elliptic-lanceolate. (Bot. ctc.) Be- tween lanceolate and elliptic, but tending more to the former than to the latter. El lip to graph (61-lip'to-graph), n. The same as Ellipsograph. Elmo, Er mo (61'mO, er'mo), n. [Ital., cor- rupted from St. Erasmus, Bishop of Formise, a town of ancient Italy, who suffered martyrdom under Diocletian, in A. D. 303. He is invoked by Italian sailors during storms.] (For definition see etymology.) "What gales are sold on Lapland's shore, How whistle rash bids tempests roar, Of witch, of mermaid, and of sprite, Of Erick'i cap and Elmo's light." Scott: Rokeby, ii. XI. Elmo's fire, St. Elmo's fire. A fire or light, probably of electric origin, which in certain states of the atmosphere settles on thj tops of masts, the extremities of yards, on the rigging, etc., in ships navigating the Mediterranean. When two were visible at the same time, the ancients called them Castor and Pollux. It is also called Corposant. E loc u lar (e-ltfe'G-lar) a. [Lat. e=out, with- out, and loculus=a cell, a compartment.] (Bot.) Having but a single cell; not separated by parti- tions. E lo him (e-lo'him), n. [Heb. (Elohim), pi. of (Eloach) = Qod; cognate with Syriac Ilo, Elohos and with Arabic Allah.'] Hebrew Theol.: The ordinary name of God n the Hebrew Scriptures. It is rare in the singu- lar, but occurs in the plural more than 2.000 times. There is, however, the grammatical anomaly that thts plural sta ids as the nomina- tive to a singular verb. This has been held to imply that in the Divine nature there is a cer- tain plurality and a certain unity. E Ion gate (e-ldn'gate). a. [Low Lat. elongatus, pa. par. of elongo.] 1. Lengthened, prolonged, extended. "Berosus has also an elongate scutellum and ciliate tibise and tarsi."—Trans. Amer. Philos. Society\ (1873), vol. xii., p. 118. (Bot.) Lengthened, as if stretched out arti- ficially. Else wise (61se'wl§e), adv. [Eng. else, and wise.] In a different manner; differently; other- wise. El shin, El sin (61'shin, 61'sin), n. An awl. (Scotch.) "D'ye think I was born to sit here brosrging an elshin through bend-leather?"—Scott: Heart of Midlothian, ch. v. E 111 cu brate (e-ltt'ca-brate). v. i. [Lat. elucu- bro, fro n e=out, and lucubro—to work by candlelight; lux=light.] To work, study, or write by night; to work constantly and unceas- ingly. El van (61'van), n. [ Cornish=white rock ( ?) (Mining.) A granite vein, or a porphyritic or other Plutonic dyke, especially one of a white color penetrating sedimentary strata. The term is most frequently used in connection with the Dartmoor range of hills, the rocks of Cornwall, and those of Ireland.—Lyell, etc. El van (61;van), a. Pertaining to such granite or other veins described under the noun. El y trine (61'y-trlne) n. [Mod. Lat. elytrum; Eng., etc., suff.-ine (Chem.)] (Chem.) The horny substance or material of which a beetle's elytra are composed. El y tro cele (61^-tro-sele) n. [Gr. ekvrpov (elutron) = a sheath, and rjX.r)K (kele) = a tumor.] (Med.) A vaginal tumor; vaginal hernia. El y troid (SVy-troid) a. [Gr. e\vrpov (elutron) = a sheath, and eTSos (eidos)=form.] (Anat.) Sheath-like; resembling a sheath. El ze vir (61'ze-vir) n. [See def.] The name of a noted family of printers and publishers in Amsterdam, who flourished from 1595 to 1680, and whose works are hisrhly prized for their ele- erance and accuracy. Elzevir-type. (Print.:) A kind of type consisting of tall, thin letters, first introduced by the Elzevir lamily. ELZEVIR TYPE. Em (6m) pref. The form which the prefixes en, in sometimes take before a word beginning with a b and m, or a p. Em a nate (Sm'a-nate) a. [Lat. emanatus, pa. par. of emano.] Issuing, proceeding, emanating. —[Rare. ] Em a na tor y (Sm'a-na-tor-^) a• Of the na- ture of an emanation; emanative. "Which we may in some sense call substance, though but secondary or emanatory."—H. More: Immortality of the Soul, bk.i., ch. vi. E mar gin a tion (e-mar'gin-action) n. The act of notching or indenting the margin; the state of being so notched or indented. "In Berosus the sixth abdominal segment is always visible in th ^ emargination of the fifth." —Trans. American Philos. Society (1873) p. 118. E mas cu la tor (e-m&s^ca-la'tor) n. One who or that which emasculates. E mas cu la tor y (e-m&s'ea-la-tor-t) a. Tending to emasculate; emasculating. Em bark ment (Sm-bark'm&at) n. The act of embarking or going on board a vessel; em- barkation. [Obs.] Em bar rass (em-bftr'rass) v. t. Syn.—Em- barrass. entangle, pebplex. "Embarrass re- spects the manners or circumstances; perplex the views and conduct; entangle is said of particu- cular circumstances. Embarrassments depend altogether on ourselves: the want of prudence and presence of mind are the common causes; perplexities depend on extraneous circumstances as well as ourselves; extensive vdealings with others are mostly attended with perplexities; entanglements arise mostly from the evil de- signs of others. That embarrasses which inter- rupts the even course or progress of one's ac- tions: that perplexes which interferes with one's decisions: that entangles which binds a person in his actions. Pecuniary difficulties embarrass, or contending feelings produce embarrassment: con- trary counsels or interests perplex: law-suits en- tangle. Steadiness of mind prevents embarrass- ment in the outward chiracter. Firmness of character is requisite in the midst of perplexities: caution must be employed t:> guard against en- tanglements."—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Em bar rass ing ly (6m-b£lr/rass-mg-ly), adv. In an embarrassing, perplexing, or confusing: manner or decree. Em base ment (Sm-base'mSnt), n. [Embasis.] (Med.) A tub for holding warm water for bath- ing; an embasis. Em ba sis (6m'ba-sis), n. [Gr., from ev (en) — in, and paiVco (baino)= to go.] A bath tub; a. vessel filled with warm watar for bathing. Em bas sa dry (6m-b&s sa-dry), n. An embas- sy. [O&s.] "Coming from his embassadry out of Italy."— Leland: Itinerary, i i. 86. Em bas tar dize (6 u-Ms'tar-dlze), v. t. To cause to be, or declare illegitimate; to bastard- ise. [Obs.] Em bat tie ment (em-b&t'tlS-mSnt), n. A. parapet like that of a battlement; a battlemeat. Em ber i za (em'ber-i"za), n. [Mod. Lat. em- beriza; Fr. emberize, prob. from Ger. emmeriz, emberitz, embritz; these again from ammerv which occurs in the English term Yellow amrner, corrupted into Yellow hammer. (Littre, etc. )J (Ornith.) A genus of Passerine Birds, the* typical one of the sub-family Emberizinse, some- times made the family Emberizidse. It includes- the different species of buntings. Em bil low (em-bil'low), v. i. To swell or roll, as a billow, [.Rare.] "And then embillowed high doth in his pride disdain With foam and roaring din all hugeness of the main."—Lisle: Du Bartas, 2Voe, i. Em bit ter (6m-bit/ter), v.t. To render titter or more bitter. Em bit ter ment (Sm-bit'ter-mSnt), n. The- act of embittering or making bitter. Em blem at i cize (gm'blSm-at^i-^ize), v. t. To represent emblematically or by an emblem; to< emblematize. \_Rare.] "Which he generally endeavored to emblemati- cize by genii and cupids."—Wa,lpole: Anecdotes, vol. iv., ch. 3. Em bios som (Sm-blds'sdm), v. t. To adorrr or enrich with bloom or blossoms; to embloom^ "Sweet, oh sweet, the warbling throng, On the white emblossoming spray." Cunningham: Day, a Pastoral. Em bo lis mic al (Sm^o-lls^mic-al), a. Pertain- ing to embolism. Em bos om (6m-bo§-6m), v. t. 1. To place in or take into the bosom; ta cherish; to admit to and treat with th« greatest affection. lkThe Father infinite, By whom in bliss embosomed sat the Son." Milton: P. £., v. 596, 597. 2. To place in the bosom or midst of any- thing; to enclose; to partly conceal. "His house embosomed in the grove." Pope: Horace. bk. iv., ode i. Em bossed (Sm-bdssed7), p-a. (Bot.) Projects ing from the surface like the boss or umbo />f a round shield or target. Em bowl (6m-b0wl;), v. t. To form into a bowl, ball, or globe; to give a globular form to. [O&s. j 4 'Long ere the earth embowVd by thee Beare the forme it now doth beare." Sidney: Psalm xc. Em branch, ment (Sm-branch'mSnt), n. A branching forth; that part of a tree where the branches diverge. Em bright (6m-bright'), (gh silent), v. t. To render bright; to brighten. [O&s.] "Through the embrightened air ascended flies." Cunningham. Embroid er ing (Sm-broid'er-ing), n. a. Em- broidering-machine. A form of sewing-machine in which the cloth is moved beneath the recipro- cating needle-bar according to the requirem mts- of the tracing, while the needles and hooss retain their relative positions above and bolow the fabric. Em broil (Sin-broil'), n. An embroilment, dis- turbance, perplexity, or confusion. "What an embroil it had made in Parliament is not easy to conjecture."—North: Examen. p. 568. Em brue (Sm-brtte'), v. t. To imbrue. Em brute (6m-brute/), v. t. To degrade to the* state of a brute; to brutalize. "Already bound to a bad, mad, and embruted partner."—C. Bronte: Jane Eyre, ch. xxvi. Em bry og on y (Sm'bry-og 'on-y), n. [Gr. efxjipvov (embruon)=an embryo, and yovrj (gone) =offspring—tha*- which engenders]. The same as Embryogent Notation: a, 6, l, o, u, y, long; &, 6, i, 6. ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ry4ej push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; Qh as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; x as gz; o as in linger, lieik; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.EMBRYOGRAPHY 272 EMPYREUMATIZE Em bry og ra phy (Sm'bry-Sg^ra-phj*), n. [Gr. e/j-fipvov (embruon) = an embryo, and ypai) (graphe)=a delineation ... a description]. A description of embryos without tracing their development. Em bry oil ic sac (^m'-bry-fin^ic-sae), n, (Veg. Phys.): A cell which becomes enlarged into a sac in the substance of the upper part of the nucleus of the ovule or rudiment of the seed. In its cavity are developed the germinal vesicles, one (if not more) of which after fertilization gives origin to the embryo.—Griffith & Henfrey. Em bry ot ic (em'bry-dtvie), n. The same as Embryonic. " What one misfortune or disaster in the book of embryotio evils ? "—Sterne : Tristram Shandy, iii., 167. Em bry ous (Sm'bry-ofis), a. Having the nature or character of an embryo ; embryonic. [Rare]. " Without the first the latter is defective; with- out the last the fiz-st is but abortive and em- bryo us."—Felt-ham : Resolves, pt. 1, Res. 14. Em bush (em-bush'), v. t. To place or hide amongst bushes ; to pi ace in ambush. [Ofos.] " Embus)ling hinself presently among the bushes and brambles."—Shelton: Don Quixote, bk. iii., c. 9. E mend als (e-m6nd'al§), n. pi. A term in old accounts, signifying the sum total in stock. (Halii well.) The word occurs still in the books of the Society of th < Inner Temple, at London, England, where so much in emendals at the foot of an account on the balance thereof shows that bo much money is in the bank or stock of the house for the reparation of losses or other emer- gent occasions. Emend ate ly (e-mftnd'ate-ly), adv. [Lat. emendatus, pa. par. of emendo ; Eng. suff. -ly]. Free from fault or blemish ; correctly. [Obs.] " As faultless and eniendately as the shortness of time for the recognizing of the s ime would re- quire."—Dedic. of the Bible to Henry VIII. \1539). Em e raid (6m'e-rald), a. 1. Made of or con- taining an emerald : as, an emerald ring. &. Of a bright green color, like an emerald. "Nor trace be there, in early spring, Save the Fari s' emerald ring. Scott: Norman Horse-Shoe. Oriental emerald : (Min.) : A grJen variety of sapphire. Emerald-green: (Chem.) Schweinfurt green. A cupric arsenite and acetate, containing when pure 58.4 per cent, of arsenious acid, and 25 per crfnt. of copper. It is a rich green pigment, but very poisonous. E liter gent year (e-mSr'gent-y ear) n. (Chron.) The period of time from which any people begin to reckon their dates. E iner gent ness (e-mer'gent-n&ss), n. • The faculty or state of being emergent. Em er il (6m'er-il), n. [O. Fr.j 1. A glazier's diamond ; a quarrel, or quarry. Emery, j Obs. I E mer i tus (e-mgr'i-tus), a. [Lat. pa. par. of e/HCJVor=having served one's time : e=out, fully, and mereor=to merit, earn, or deserve ] 1. Ap- plied to a soldier or public officer who had served his time and retired from the public service. ?£. Having served his time ; retired from any service or office : as, emeritus professor. E met i cal (e-m^t'i-eal), a. Tending to cause vomiting. Em e to ca thar tic (Sm'e-td-ea-thar'Tie), w, [Gr. e/u-ero? (emeto(s) =vomiting, and Eng. ca- thartic.] (Med.) : Causing both vomiting and purging. Em e tol O gy (em'e-tdF'o-gy), n [Gr. e^ero? (emetos) — vomiting, and Aoyos (logos) = a dis- course. J That portion of medical science which treats of vomiting and the methods of pro- ducing it. E mew (6'mew), n. The same as Emu. Em i cant (Sm'i-eant), a. [Lat. emicans, pr. par. of emico=to shine out: e=out, and mico— to shine, to sparkle.] Beaming out; darting out like a beam of light. [Rare. J " Which emicant did this and that way dart." Blackmore : Creation, bk, vii. E mi grate (e-mi'grate), a. [Lat. emigratus, pa. par. of emigro. ] Wandering, roving. [0&s. | " But let our souls emigrate meet, And in abstract embraces greet." Gay ton : Notes on Don Quixote, p. 226. Em i gra tion ist (6m/i-gra//tion-lst), n. [Eng. emigration. ] One who advocates or pro- motes emigration. Em i gra tor (6m//!-gra/tor), n. (Eng. emi- grate) \-or.] An emigrant. [Rare.} Em is sa ry (Sm'is-sa-ry), n. Syn.—Emissary, Spy. Both these words designate a person sent out by a body on some public concern among their enemies; but they differ in their office ac- cording to the etymology of the words. The emissary is by distinction sent forth, he is sent so as to mix with the people to whom he goes, to be in all places, and to associate with every one individually as may serve his purpose; the spy on the other hand takes his station wherever he can best perceive what is passing; he keeps him- self at a distance from ail but such as may par- ticularly aid him in the object of his search. The object of an emissary is by direct communication with the enemy to sow the seeds of dissension, to spread false alarms, and to disseminate false principles; the object of a spy is to get informa- tion of an enemy'3 plans and movements.— Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Em is sa ry ship (em'is-sa-ry-ship), n. The office or position of an emissary. Emis sive (e-mls'sive), a. [Lat. emiss(us), pa. par, of emit to-, Eng. suff. -ive.~\ 1. Sending out, emitting. 2. Sent out, emitting. "Soon a beam, emissive from above. " Brooks: Jerusalem Delivered, bk. i. 3. (Optics.) Sending forth, radiating. Emissive power of a body: The same as its radiating power. —Ganot. E mis sor y (e-mls'sor-t), a. Lat. emiss(us), pa. par. of emit to; Eng. suff. -ory.] 1. Emitting, sending or conveying out. 3. (Anat.) Excretory; applied to certain duc4s which convey fluids ouc of the body; emissary. E illit tent (e-mtt'tent), a. [Lat. emittens, pr. par. of emiffo=tosend out.] Sending out; emit- ting. '•The former being the emittent; the latter the recipient."—Boyle: Works, vi., 237 Em man tie (em-man'tle), v. t. [Fr. emman- teler.~\ (Obs.) 1. To cover. "The pourprise and bending cope whereof all things are emmatitled and covered."—P. Holland: Pitiie, bk. i., ch. i. it. To build or place round by way of fortifica- tion or defense. "The walls that he caused to be built and etn- manded about other towns."—P. Holland: Pinie, bk. xxix. sch. i. Em mar ble (Sm-m&r'ble), v. t. [Pref. em, and Eng. marble (q. v.).] To render hard and insensible aa.i (empaio) —to stamp in : in (em) =ei/=in, and iraLta (paio)=to strike.! A term applied to inlaid work, resembling the modern buhl or marquetry ; next in Toreutic Art (with which it must not be confounded), it was most practiced by the ancients. It consisted In laying threads, or knocking pieces of different metals into another metal.—Fairholt. Em par a dise (Sm-par'a-dlse), v. t. To place in paradise or in a state of perfect happiness. Em pearl (3m-p6arl ), v. t. To enrich or orna- ment with pearls. "Empearled round on Sion's or on Hermon's • head.'1 —Sidney : Ps. cxxxiii. Em per il (em-p6ril), v. t. To put in danger; to peril, to risk. "His person to emperil so in fight." Spenser : F.Q., IV. iv. 10. Em per ish (&m-p6r/ishj, v. t. To ruin, to de- stroy, to decay, to wear out. [Obs,] " I deem thy brain empetHshed be Through rusty eld, that hath rotted thee.'- Spenser : Shepheard^s Calendar (Feb.). Em per or ship (em'per-or-ship), n. The rank, dignity, or office of an emperor. Em pe trilill (<5m-pe'trum), n. [Gr. i/xneTpos (empetros): as adj.^growing among the rocks; as subst. =a rock plant, a Saxifrage; this is not the modern Empetrum.] (Bot.) : A genus of plants—the typical one of the order Empetrecse, which includes the crow- berry. Empetrum nigrum is a small, procum- bent, much-branching shrub, with greatly re- curved, linear, oblong leaves, small, purplish flowers, and fruit consisting of black clustered drupes. Em phat ic al ness (Sm-phat'ic-al-n&ss), v>> The quality or state of being emphatical. Em phly sis (6m phljr-sls), n. [Gr. e/u, (em) — ev (en) = in, upon, and ^Auo-t? (phlusis) = a ve- sicular tumor, an eruption; <£A.uo> (phluo) — to boil, to bubble up]. (Med.) A vesicular tumor, or eruption, proceeding from an internal and febrile affection, including miliary fever, thrush, cow-pox, pemphigus, and erysipelas. Em phrac tic (em-phnle'tie). a. [Mod. Lat. emphracticus ~ Gr. e/x^pa/cTtxro? (emphraktikos) — ob-tructing, from eix^pdcraoi (emphrasso) = to stop up: Ifx (em) = ev (en) (intens.) = in, and vTevcri<; (emphuteusis—& planting in; e/jLvT€vat (emphuteuo) = to plant in]. (Law.) A contract by which houses or lands are granted entirely or for a long term, on condition of their being im- proved and a small annual rent paid to the grantor. Em pir i cist. (em-pLr/i-£ist), n. An empiric. Em plas tra tion (em'plas-tra^tion),n. (Med-.) The act of applying a.salve or plaster. Em ploy (Sm-ploy'), v. t. Syn. Employ, Use.— " Employ expresses less than use ; it is in fact a species of partial using : we always employ when we use ; but we do not always use when we employ. We employ whatever we take into our service, or make subservient to our convenience for a time ; we use whatever we entirely devote to our pur- pose. Whatever i.s employed by one person may, in its turn, be employed by another, or at differ- ent times be employed by the same person ; but what is used is frequently consumed or rendered unfit for similiar use. What we employ may fre- quently belong to another : but what one uses is supposed to be his own." — Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Em pros thot on os (em'pros-th6t7on-<5s), n. [Gr. eju.TrpocrfloToi'o? (emprosthotonos) = drawn forward and stiffened ; as subst. (cnrao-^os, spas- mos, being supplied) = tetanic procuration, called by the Greeks e/AirpocrdoTovta. (emprosthotoiiia.)~\ (Med.) A spasm which bends the body forward and confines it in that position. This sometimes happens in connection with tetanus. (Parr., etc.) Emprosthonia would be a better term than Em- prosthotonos, the latter word being property an adjective. [Etym.'] Emp tion al (emp'-tion-al), a. That may or ca' be bought or purchased. Emp tj> (&mp'-tj), a. Syn. See Vacant. Emp ty hand ed (to ty-h&nd ed), a. With- out anything in the hti^di ; carrying or possess- ing nothing of value. "Homeward harried Hiawatha, Empty-hand(d, heavy-hearted." Longfellow : Song of Hiawatha, xx. Eilip ty sis (Smp'ty'sls), n. [Gr. e/x7rru (en) — in, and avOeio (anthesis) = a blossom or bloom; cu'flrjo-i? (antheo)—\,o bloom, to flower.] (Med.) An eruption on the skin arising from some inter- nal disea-e, as in scarlet fever, measles, etc. E non ti o path ie (e-ndn'-t.i-o-p&th^-ic), a. (Med.) Tending to palliate or mitigate. Enantiosis (en-ftn-ti-Q"sis), n. [Gr.=con- tradiction, from evavTLos (enantios)=opposite.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which that which is meant t > bo conveyed is stated in the opposite: as, •tHe didn't like it—oh, no!" En areli (en-arch ), v. t. To inarch. En arched (fin-ftrched'), u. 1. Furnished with or made in the form of an arch. "Full mightily ennrched enuiron." Lydgate: Storie of Thebes, pt. ii. 2. (Her.) Arched. E nas cent (e-n&s-gent), a. [Lat. enascens. pr. paa. of enascor—to spring up: e=ej?=out, and r)xiscor=to be born.] Rising, springing forth, being born. [06s.] "In which you just get the first glimpse, as it were, of an enascent equivocation."—Warbur- ton: Occasional Reflections, pt. ii. En can thus (6n-can-thus), n. [Gr. ev (en) = in, and kolvOos (kanthos) =the corner of the eye.] (Med.) A little tumor or excrescence growing from the inner corner of the eye. En car di on (6n-car'dl-6n), n. [Gr. from ev (en)=in, and KapSia (karc^ia) =the heart.] (Bot.) The pith or heart of vegetables. En car pus (en-e&r'pus), n. [Gr. ev (en)=in, and Kapnos (karpos) — fruit. | (Arch.) A sculptured ornament consisting of festoons of carved fruit and flowers, suspended between two points. The. festoons are of the greatest size in the middle, diminishing gradually toward the points of suspension. En can ma (6n-eau'ma), n. [Gr. iyKav/xa (eng- kauma), from eyxacaj (engkaio)=to burn.] 1. (Surg.0 The mark, blister, or vesicle caused by a burn; the scar left by a burn. )£. (Med.) An ulcer on the cornea, causing the loss of the humors. En cepli al gi a (en'^ph-aFgi-a), n. [Gr. ev (en)=in ; «e$aA>j (kephale) =the head, and aAyos (ai0os)=pain. J (Med.\ Deep-seated headache ; cephalalgy. En cepfi a.loiil (en-a\ou (engkephalon)-tiie brain : e»>(en)=in, icefyaAri (kephale)=the head, and eZSo? (eidos) = form, appearance.] (Anat. & Med.) Pertaining to the brain or re- sembling it. En ceph al ot o my (6n-c6ph/al-6t//o-my), n. £Gr. ey/ce^aAo? (cngkephalos)=the brain, and rofxrj (tome)— a cutting; re^va (temno)=to cut.] '(Anat.) Dissection of the brain. En chest (eu-cliest'), v. t. To shut up or inclose as in a chest. u Thou art Jove's sister and Saturnus' child : Yet can thy breast enchest such anger still. Vicars: Virgil (1632. ) En cho dus (gn'chfl-dfis), n. [Gr. eyxo<> (eng- chos) = a spear, and oSovs (odous) = a tooth. J (Palceont.) A genus of fossil Cycloid fishes, from the Chalk. Their name has reference to their spear-shaped teeth. En cinc ture (dn'£lnc'tttre), n. A cincture. [O&s.j En clit ics (Sn-clIt'Ics), n. The art or process of declining or conjugating words. En clois ter (6n-elols'ter), v. t. [Pref. en, and Eng. cloister. To cloister ; to shut up in a clois- ter ; to immure. " The Gentiles appropriated the name of a temple to thi s notion of encloistering a deity by an idol."—Mede: On Churches (1638), p. 65. En clothe (6n-clothe'), v. t. [Pref. en and Eng. clothe]. To clothe, to invest. En cloud (en-cloud ), v. t. [Pref. en and Eng. cloud). To envelop as by a cloud. [Rare]. k" In their thick breaths shall we be enclouded." Shakesp.: Antony and Cleopatra, v. 2. En cold en (en-cold'en). v. t. [Pref. en ; Eng. cold, and suff. -en.] To make cool or cold. [06s.] " The hands and feet are by degrees encoldened to a fashionable clay."—Feltham : Resolves, pt. i. res. 47. En col lar (6n-e611ar), n. [Pref. en, and Eng, collar]. To surround or invest with a collar. [06s.] En co mi um (en-eO'ml-um), n. Syn.— Enco- mium, Eulogy, Panegyric.—The idea of praise is common to all these terms ; but the first seems more properly applied to the thing, or the un- conscious object; the second to the person in general, or to the characters and actions of men in general; the third to the person of some par- ticular individual: thus we bestow encomiums upon any work of art, or production of genius, without reference 1o the performer; we bestow eulogies on the exploits of a hero, who is of another age or country ; but we write panegyrics either in a direct address, or in direct reference to the person who is panegyrized : the encomium, is produced by merit, real or supposed; the eulogy may spring from admiration of the person eulogized ; the panegyric m;iy be mere flattery, resulting from servile dependence."— Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Ell core (pron. 6ng-k0r'), adv. [Fr.] Again, once more : used by spectators and au lience at plays, shows, etc., to express their desire for a repetition ot' any particular part. " To the same notes thy sons shall hum or snore. And all thy yawning daughters cry encore." Pope : Dunciad, iv. 59, 60. En crease (en-ereaseOi v.t. and i. The same as Increase. En crin it ic. En cri nit ic al (Sn'crin- it/;Ic, en'eri-nit'ie-al), a. [Mod. Lat. encrinit(es) =an encrinite, and Eng. etc., suff.-ic.] (Palceont.) The same as Encrinital. En cri nus (fin-cri'nus), n. [Gr. ev (en)=in, and Kpivov (krinon) = a lily]. (Palceont). The typical genus of the family Encrinidse. Encrinus liliiformis is from the Muschelkalk, which belongs to the Middle Trias. En croach (fin-eroach'), n. An encroaching ; a gradual and stealthy advancement or progress. lObs ] " And began to set up with a fundamental errour ; but grew into it by insensible encroaches. —South: Sermons, iv., 370. En croach ment (en-erOach'ment), n. (Law). The act of intruding or trespassing upon the rights, property, or privileges of another ; the depriving another of his rights or possessions by gradual, stealthy, and unlawful means ; an illegal assumption or lessening of the rights and priv- ileges of others. En cy clo pe die (en-gy'elo-pe^die), a. [Fr. encyclopedique]. Relating to an encyclopedia ; of the nature of an encyclopaedia; universal in knowledge and information. En dam age a ble (fin-d&m-age-a-ble), a. That may or can be damaged; liable to damage or injury. [06s.] En deav or (en-d6av'or), n. Syn.—Endeavor, Aim, Strive, Struggle. Endeavor is general in its object; aim is particular; we endeavor to do whatever we set ab^ut; we aim at doing something which we have set before ourselves as a desirable object. To strive is to endeavor earnestly; to struggle is to strive earnestly. An endeavor springs from a sense of duiy; we en- deavor to do that which is right, and avoid that which is wron^: aiming is the fruit of an aspiring temper; the object aimed at is always something superior either in reality or imagination, and calls for particular exertion; striving is the con- sequence of an arde it desire; the thing striven for is atways conceived to be of importance: struggling is the effect of necessity. We ought to endeavor to correct faults, to aim at attaining Christian perfection, to strive to conquer bad habits: taese are the surest means of saving us from the necessity of struggling to repair an in- jure 1 reputation."—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Ell dec ag yn ous (en'dfie-iig^n-ous), a. [Gr. eVSe/ca (hendeka) — eleven; ywrj (gune) — woman, and Eng. adj. suff. -ows.] (Bot.) Having eleven petals; said of a flower. En de caph yl lous (Sn'de-e&ph^yl-lous), a. Gr. evSeica (hendeka) = eleven; (phullon) =leaf, and Eng. etc., suff. -cms.] (Bot.) Having eleven leaflets. Applied to a leaf. Eai deix is (en-delx'ls), n. [Gr., from IvheiKwya, (endeiknumi) =to show.] (Med.) A showing, displaying, or exhibiting; applied to such symp- toms or appearances in a disease as point to the proper remedies to be applied. En clel li on ite (fin-dfiFlI-on-lte), n. [Named after Endellion, at Wheal Boys, in Cornwall, England, where it was first found.] (Min.) lhe same as Bournonite. En dem i al (en-dSm'i-al), a. [Gr. ei/S^ios- (endemios) ^belonging to a people: £v (en)=in, and Sri/xos (dmnos)=a people.] The same a» Endemic. "Gath >r what endemial diseases the inhabitants were subject to ."—Ray: On the Creation. En den i za tion (fin-dfin x-za^tion), n. The process of naturalizing or making a denizen. \_Rare.] En der mat ic (en'der-m&t^ic), a. [Gr. ev (en)=in, and Sep^an/co? (dermatikos)—pertain- ing to the skin ; Sep/xa (derma), genit. Sepnaros (dermatos)— skin.] (Med.) A term applied to that method of using remedies in which they are • rubbed into the skin, especially after the cuticle has b jea remove 1, as by a blister. En der mic (&n'der-mie), a. [Gr. ev (en)=in*f Sepjua (der»nn encl-lon js for as long as he has been licensed."—Scott: Guy Mannering, ch. xi. En do chrome (6n do-chroma), n. [Fr. endo- chrome, from Gr. evdov (endon) = within, and Xpw/u.a (chroma) —a color.] (Bot.) A coloring matter found in leaves. Griffith and Heufrey consider the term v igue and indefinite, and pre- " fer using the expression Cell-contents (q. v.). Endorser, in dor ser ^n'ddr'ser), (in-dOr'- ser), n. 1. On3 who en lorses a document. 3. One who sanctions, ratifies or approves. En dos mom e ter (6n dos-m.lm "6-ter), n. [Gr. ev8ov (endon) — within; utcr/Aos (osmos) = a trusting; a>0eu> (otheo) — to trust; and ixerpou (met- ron) = a measure.] (Mech.) An instrument in- vented by M. Dutrochet to measure the rapidity of the passage of a less dense fluid through a membrane which separates it from a denser fluid. A simple form o£ the instrument i3 a trumpet- shape I tube wi h a membrane covering its bell mouth. T ie tube is fille l with a solution of a given density and plunged in a solution of lesser or greater density to ascertain by successive- trials the relative rapidity of the en.losmotic or exo-miotic actions, or the action of different llui Is. En dos mos mic (6n'd6s-m6s//mLc), a. [Gr. evBov (endon) = within; uxr/xo? (osmos)=a trusting, and Eng. adj. suff.-tc.] The same as End os- motic (q. v.). En dos mot ic (Sn'dos-mdf'ie), a. [Gr. Zv$ov (endon) — within ; a>y any particular badge or sign; to be the distin- guishing mark of. [Obs.] "Henry but joined the roses that ensigned Particular families."—B, Jonson: Masques. (Her.) To distinguish by any mark or orna- ment; as a crown, a coronet, a mitre, etc., borne on or over a charge. A staff is sometimes said to be ensigned with a flag. En sign ship (fin'sign-ship), (g silent), n. [Eng. ensign; -ship.] (Mil.) The same as Ensigncy. En Sky (fin-sky7), v. t. Pref. en, and Eng. sky.] To remove to the skies or heaven; to place among the gods. [05s.] "I hold you as a thing enskied and sainted." Shakesp.: Measure for Measure, i. 5. En state (fin-state'), v. t. [Pref. en, and Eng. state.] To enstate. "Nor perhaps had thy birth enstated thee in the same wealth and greatness."—South: Ser- mons, vol. xi, ser. 10. En sue (fin-sae'), v. i. Syn.—See Follow. En sur er (en-sar'er, sur as shur), n. One who ensures; an insurer. ^Notation: a, e, 1, 0, tl, y, long; a, fi, I, 6, a, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thfire, veil, tfirm; pique, firm; done, fOr, d$, wolf, food, foot; ffirl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; s as gz; o as in linger, liok; th as in thine. &r On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.ENTASIS 275 EPICHIREMA En ta sis (6n-ta'sis), n. (Med.) A generic term for spasmodic diseases characterized by tension; as tetanus, cramp, etc. En tel e cliy (en-t61 e-ehy), n. [Gr. evre\exeia (entelecheiu). (See def.) Probably from if reAei e\eLv (en telei echein) = to be complete or abso- lute. (Liddell & Scoff).] 1. (Perip. Phil.) A term introduced by Aristotle to signify actual as distinguished from merely potential existence, and to which he attaches two distinct meanings— (1). The state of being complete or finished: (2). The a-'tivity of that which is thus complete. In practice, however, he does not bind himself strictly to the observance of this distinction. Moreover, he attributes relativity to these notions ; the same thing, he says, can be matter or potentiality in one respect, and form or actuality in another ; e. g.s the hewn stone can be the former in relation to the house,and the latter in comparison with the unhewn stone. 2. (Mod. Phil.) The name which Leibnitz gave to the monads of his system. En ter ad en og ra phy (fin'-ter-ad'en-dg"- ra-phy), n. [Fr. enter adenographie, from Gr. ivrepa (entera) = the intestines, pi. of ivrepov (enteron) — Q, piece of an intestine ; aSiji/ (aden) — a gland, and ypar? (graphe) = a writing.] (Med.) The branch of anatomy which describes the intestines. En ter o hy dro cele (Sn'ter-o-hy^dro-eele), n. [Entero-, and Eng. hydrocele; Fr. enterohydro- cele.\ (Surg.) Internal hernia, complicated with hydrocele. En ter o lite, En ter o lith. (Sn'ter-o-Ute, 6n ter-o-llth, n. [Entero-, and Gr. Ai'flos (lithos) = a stone.] (Med.) A generic term comprehending all stony calculi within the body. En ter os che o cele (6n ter-ds^che-o-geie), n. Entero-, and Gr. oaxv (osche), o7 (trope) —a, turn ... a turning round or about; Tptnui (trepo)=to turn.] (Med.) Introversion of the eyelid. En trust (6n-trust), v. t. [Pref. en, and Eng. trust.] The same as to intrust. "Kdlegrew and Delaval were placed at the Board of Admiralty and entrusted with the com- mand of the Channel Fleet."—Macaulay : Hist. Eng., ch. xix. E nu mer a tor (e-ntV'mer-a'tOr), n. [Lat.] One who enumerates, counts up, or reckons ; specif., a person appointed every tenth year to take the census of the inhabitants of a particular district. E mill ci a ble (e-niin'shi-a-ble), a. That may or can be enunciated, declared, or expressed. E nun ci ate (e-ntin'shi-ate), v. i. To utter or nronounce words or syllables ; to speak. " Each has a little sound he calls his own, And each enunciates with a human tone." Hart: Vision of Death. E nun ci a tor (e-nun^shi-a tdr), n. [Lat. from enunciatus, pa. par. of enuncio. ] One who enunciates, declares, proclaims, or pronounces. News of which she was the first, and not very intelligible enunciator."—Miss Edgeworth : En- nui, ch. xv. En ure (Sn-are7), v. t. [Inure.] 1. To use, to practice habitually. " He gan that Ladie strongly to appeale Of many haynous crinc es 1 y her enured." Spenser: F. Q., V., ix., 39. 3. To make accustomed or used, to accustom. 11 From their youth enured to winter skies." Churchill: Prophecy of Famine. En ur e sis (Sn'ur-e^sis), n. t [Gr. evovpeu (enoureo)=to make water in, or ev (en)=in, and ouprjo-ts (ouresis)=a making water ; ovpiui (oureo) =to make water. (Med.) Inability to retain the urine. En vault (Sn-vault'), v. t. [Pref. en, and Eng. vault.] To place or enclose in a vault; to en- tomb, to bury. "I wonder, good man, that you are not en- vaulted."—Swift. En vei gle (6n-vei;gle). v. t. The same as In- veigle. En vi a ble ness (6n vi-a-ble-n§ss), n. The quality, characteristic or state of being enviable. En vol ume (fin-vol'time), v. t. [Pref. en, and Eng. volume.] To make in the form of a vol- ume ; to incorporate in a volume. En vy (en'vy), v. i. 1. To feel envy; to enter- tain envious feelings; to fret or grieve through envy of another. "Charity envieth not."—I Corinth, xiii. 4. 2. To rail, to speak disparagingly. [06s.] "For that he has as much as in him lies, From time to time envied against the people." Shakesp.: Coriolanus, iii. 3. En worn an (Sn-wom'an), v. t. [Pref. en, and Eng. woman.] To give the character or quali- ties of a woman to; to m^ke womanish. [06s.] "That grace which doth more than enwoman thee."—Daniel: Sonnet 4:2. En wreathe (to-wreathe7), v. t. [Pref. en, and Eng. wreathe.] To surround or encircle with a wreath. "Enwreathed with smoky flames through the dark sky."—Moore: Veiled Prophet of Khorassan. E o ceiie (e'o-gene), n. (Geol.) The first great division of the Tertiary or Cainozoic strata or period. The name was given by Mr. (after- ward Sir Charles) Lyell in 1830, because, by the identification of Deshayes, the Lower Tertiary strata of Paris and London were held to contain 3l/2 percent, of recent species of shells, against 96extinct. As to shells or molluscs, there- fore, it was the dawn of the present order of things. Ep a go ^e (fip'a-gO^ge), n. [Gr. eiri (epi) — on, and ayw (ago)=to lead.] (Rhet.) The bring- ing forward of a number of particular examples to prove a universal conclusion; the argument of induction. E palpate (e-pai'pate), a. [Lat. e=out, with- out, and palpum, palpus=a stroking.] (Entom.) Without palpi or feelers. Ep an apli o ra (ep'&n-ftph//o-ra), n. [Gr. en-a- vaQipw (epanaphero)—to bring back, tojepeat ] (Rhet.) A figure in which there is a repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of success- ive clauses, Ep an tlious (Sp-an'thous), a. [Gr. em (epi) = upon, and avQos (anthos) = a blossom, a flower.] (Bot.) Applied to certain fungi which grow upon a flower. Ep au let ted (Sp'au-lSt-tSd), a. Furnished with or wearing epaulettes. E pex e ge sis (e-p^e-ge^sis), n. [Gr., from eTri-rfyeoixaL (epexegeomai)=to narrate in de- tail; eij-qyiofta, (exegeomai)=to lead out, to detail: e£ (ea?)=out, and '-qyio^ai (hegeomai)=to lead.J [Exegesis.] A fuil or detailed account or ex- planation of something which has gone befora; exegesis. E plied ra, eph. e dra (e-phSd'ra, 6ph'e-dra), n. [Lat. ephedra, from Gr. ee8pa (ephedra)—a setting by or at a thing, a plant, perhaps Equis- etum sylvaticum. ] (Bot.) A genus of Gnetacese. The species occur in all the four divisions of the world. Their fruit is said to be mucilaginous, eatable, sub-acid, and slightly pungent. The branches and flowers of tho Asiatic Ephedras were for- merly sold as styptics. E phem e ral (e-ph6m'e-ral), n. Anything which lives or continues only for a day; any- thing short-lived. Eph e site (gph'e-site), n. [From Ephesus, in the vicinity of which it occurs.] (Min.) A pearly white mineral, hard enough to scratch glass. Sp-gr. 3.15 to 3.20. Compos.: Silica 30.4 to 31.54 ; alumina 56.45 to 57.89; lime 1.89 to 2.11; protoxide of iron 1.0 to 1.34; soda with a little potassa 4.41; water 3.09 to 3.12. —Dana. Ep i car i dans (gp'i-ear^i-dang), n. pi. [Gr. eiri (epi)—upon, and KapCg (karis)=a shrimp or prawn.] (Zool.) An old family or tribe of Isopodous Crustaceans founded by Latreille. They are now the family Bopyridae (q. v.). They are parasitic on shrimps. [ Etym. J Ep i chi re ma [Sp l-ehi-re^ma), n. [Gr.= an attempt, from €7rixeipe',—Knox: Winter Evenings, even. 29. Ep i dem ic (Sp'i-dem^ic), n. Syn.— Epi- demic, Endemic. Epidemic is applied to a dis- ease brought from some outside quarter upon or into a locality to which it is unnatural. Endemic relates to a disease to which a community or locality is liable. Yellow fevar is endemic in some parts of the South. It would be epidemic in the North.—Fallows' Synonyms Discrimi- nated. ) Ep i dcm i og ra pliy (ep'i-ddm/i-6g//ra-phy), n. [Eng. epidemi(e); and Gr. ypatyui (grapho) = to write.] (Med.) A description of, or treatise on, epi- demic diseases. Ep i dcm i o log: ic al (6p'!-d£m'l-o-log//ic-al), a. [Eng. epidemiolog(y); -ical.] Of or pertain- ing to epidemiology. Ep i dcm i ol o gy (6p/i-d6m/i-6F/o-gy), n.[Eng. epidemic, and Gr. Aoyos (logos) =a word, a dis- course.] (Med.) That branch of medical science which deals with the treatment or investigation of epi- demic diseases. Ep i den drum (Sp^-dfrn^driim), n. {^Gr. eiri- SevSpiog (epidendrios) = on, or ina tree : erri (epi) =upon, and bivbpov (dendron)=& tree.] (Bot.) (a) A general term for au orchid of whatever genus growing on trees; an ex>iphytal orchid. (b). A large genus of South American orchids, family Lseliadae, and the typical genus of the tribe Epidendre®. More than 300 species are known, most of them epiphytal on trees, but some ter- restrial. Many are beautiful, especially Epiden- : drum nemorale. E. bifidum is said to be purga- tive, anthelmintic, and diuretic. Ep i derm al (6p l-dferm^al), a. (Anat. & Zool.) Belonging to the cuticle or scarf-skin.—Owen. Epidermal-tissue. (Bot.) The dermatogen. It is the first independent tissue formed as a plant develops from the embryo.—Thome. Ep i der me OU8 Op'l-der^me-ous), a. [Lat. & Gr. epidermiis), and Eng., etc. suff. -eous. J (Anat.) The same as Epidermal, Epidermic. Ep i did y mis (epl-dld^y-mis), n. [Gr. errt (epi)=upon, and (didumos) = a testicle.] (Anat.) A long tort ious caual or efferent duct constituting part of the excretory apparatus of the testicle. Ep i dote (6p'l-dote), a. Composed of, pertain- ing to, or akin to epidote. Manganesiferous Epidote: A variety of epidote. -—Brit,. Mus. Cat. Epidote-group. (Min.) According to Dana, a group of unisilicates, containing the following species or genera,—Epidote, Koelbingite, Pied- montite, Allanite, Muromontite, Bodenite, Michael- sonite, Zoisite, Saussurite, Jadeite, Partschinite, Gadolonite, Mosandrite, and Ilvaite. Ep i gse a (eiyi-gae^a), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants comprising but a single species, the trail- ing arbutus. (E. repens.) It bears beautiful and sweet-scented flowers. Also called May-flower. Ep i gas tri al (ep'i-g&s7tri-al), a. The same as Epigastric. Ep igas tri um (Sp'I-g&s^tri-tim), n. [Gr. en-i- yatrrpto? (epigastrios)=over the belly or stomach.] (Anat.) The upper fore part of the abdomen, reaching from trie pit of the stomach to an im- aginary *ine above the umbilicus (navel) sup- posed to be drawn from the one extremity of the last false rib, on one sid •, to the corresponding point on the other. Ep i gas tro cele (Sp'i-g&s^tro-cele), n. [Fr. epigastrocele; Gr. enL (epi)=upon; yao-n/p (gaster) =the belly, and /crjArj (kele) = a tumor.] (Surg.]Hernia of any portion of the hypogastric region. Ep i gram mat ic al ly (Sp'i-gram-m&t^ie- al-lyj, ado. Ii an epigrammatic manner or style; antithetically. Ep i gram ma tize (Sp'i-gr&m^ma-tize), v. t. [Gr. eirLypafxfxaTi^oi (epigrammatizo).] To write or express by way of epigrams. Ep i graph ics (6p 1-graph^ics), n. The science of inscriptions. Ep i lep tic al (Sp'i-lSp^tie-al), a. The same as Epileptic. "In the previous use of some extatical solem- nities, he became frantick and epileptical."— Spenser: On Vulg. Proph. (1665), p. 36. Ep i lo M um (gp^-lO^bi-um), n. [Gr. e-m (epi) =upon, and Xofiov (lobon), accus. of Ao/3os (lobos) =the lobe of the ear, . . . the pod or legume of some plants, from the position of the corolla, etc., on the pod.] (Bot.) Willow-herb or Epilobe. A genus of plants, the typical one of the tribe Epilobece. Ep i log ic, Ep i log ic al (epl-ldg^ie), (6p' I-ldg^ic-al), a. [Gr. iniXoyiicos (epilogikos), from e77tAoyo5 (epilogos) = an epilogue.] Relating to or like an epilogue; epilogistic. Ep i me di um (ep'me^di-um), n. [Lat. epi- medion=R plant, by some supposed to be Mar- silea quad,rifalia; Gr. enip-rihiov (epimedion)=bar- renwort.] [See def.] (Bot.) Barrenwort. A genus of Berberids, tribe Nandinese. Ep i me ral, e pim er al (Sp'i-me^ral), (e-plm er-al), a. (Zool.) Pertaining to thai; part of the segment of an articulate animal which is above the joint of the limb. —Owen. Ep in glette (^p'm-glfitte"), n. [Fr.] (Ord.) An iron needle used to pierce the cartridge of a cannon before priming. Ep I pet a Ions (ep'i-p&t^a-loiis), a. [Gr. enL (epi) — upon -rrtTakov (petalon) = a leaf, and Eng., &c. suff. -ous.J (Bot.) Inserted upon the petals. Ep i phragm (gp'i-phragm), (g silent), n. [Gr. ^TTt(f)payfj.a (epiphragma) = a covering, a lid; e-m- pao-orco (epiphrasso) = to block up; errt (epi) — upon, and pdcra(o (phrasso) = to enclose, to fence.] (Zool.) A layer of hardened mucus, sometimes strengthened with carbonate of lime, closing the aperture of the shell of land snails during hibernation.—S. P. Woodward. Ep i pliys e al, Ep i phys i al (^p'i-phy^e- al, ep'x-phys^i-al), a. (Anat.) Of belonging, or relating to an Epiphysis.—Owen. Ep i pliyte, (ep'i-phyte), n. [Gr. eiri (epi) — upon, and (fivrove (phuton) = & plant, a tree.] (Bot.) A plant growing upon another one, and deriving its nourishment partly from the sur- rounding atmosphjre, partly from any scanty soil which may be upon the bark to which it adheres. It is not the same as a parasite, which sends its roots into the wood, diverting some of the sap of the plant which it infests. Used chiefly of Or- chids which grow on trees, but occasionally also of mosses with the same mode of life. Ivy, the dodders, &c., are parasites. An epiphyte is op- posed to an Eudophyte. Ep i pliyt ic al ly (ep^-phyt^ic-al-l^), adv. (Bot,) In manner of an Epiphyte. Ep o pie ro sis (Sp'l-ple-ro^sis), n. [Gr. en-i- 7rArjpu)os (tonos) — . . . a stretching, from reivw (teino) = to stretch. J (Med.) A spasmodic affection which causes the body to bend forward ; the same as Emprosthoto- nos. E pis tie (e-pis'tle, tie as 1), v. t. To write or communicate by a letter or by writing. [Ofrs.] —Milton. E pis to ma, ep I stome (e-pis^o-ma, 6p-i- stome), n. [Gr. eiri (epi) = upon, and crrojua (stoma)=the mouth.] (Zool.) A valve-like organ arching over the mouth in certain Polyzoa. Ep i tapli ist (6p i-taph-ist), n. A writer or composer of epitaphs. E pit a sis (e-plt'a-sis), n. (Med.) The par- oxysm or period where a fever or disease is most violent. Ep i tlia lam ic (gp^-tha-iam^ie)^ a. Per- taining to or arranged for an epitbalamium. Ep i the li um (fip'l-the'ai-um), n. [Mod. Lat., from Gr. eiri (epi)— upon, and 0tjAtj (thele) — a nipple. 1. (Anai.) A term introduced by Ruysch to designate the cuticular covering on the red part of the lips, for which he considered epidermis- an inappropriate name. Now extended to the thin membrane which covers the mucous mem- branes wherever they exist. Epithelium is anal- ogous to the eniderm of the skin. 2. (Bot.) The name given by Schleiden to the- skin or covering existing on the surface of root- lets. Ep i thet (6p'i-thet), n. Syn.—Epithet, Ad- jective.— Epithet is the technical term of tlie rhetorician. Adjective that of the grammarian. The same word is an epithet as it qualifies the sense ; it is an adjective as it is a part of speech thus in the phrase, "Alexander the Great," great is an epithet inasmuch as it designates Alexander in distinction from all other persons ; it is an ad- jective as it expresses a quality in distinction; from the noun Alexander, which denotes a thing. The epithet, is the word ad.led by way of orna- ment to the diet on ; the adjective is the word added to the noun as its appendage, and made subservient to it in all its inflections.— Crabb.: Eng. Synonyms. E pith e ton (e-plth'e-ttfn), n. [Gr.] An epithet, [O&s.] "Alter the epithetons and I will subscribe."— Foxe: Book of Martyrs (Second Examination of John Palmer). Ep i thite (fep'i-thlte), n. [Gr. eiri^errj? (epithe- tes) = an impo-tor.] A shiftless, worthless fellow, [O&s.l Ep i tith i des (gp'S'tith^l-des), n. [Gr. en-iT^/xt, (epitithemi) — to place upon, to add: eiri (epi) = upon, aud TtOrj/xt (tithemi)=to place.] (Arch.) The upper members of the corona sur- mounting the fastigium of a temple, which was also continued along the flanks. Ep i trochoid (6p/i-tro'/choid), n. [Or. cttcrpoxosr (epitrochos) = running easily, easily inclined : iiri (epi)=upon, and rpoxos (trochos) (as adj. ) = run- ning, tripping: (as subst.) =a runner, a ball, a- wheel, a hoop; rpe^w (trecho)=to run.] (Geom.) A curve formed by one circle revolv- ing like a wheel or hoop around the convexity or outer side of the circumference of another circle. It is akin to the epicyclo d, but differs in not hav- ing the generating points in the circuriiferenc& of the revolving circle. "It appears, then, that the planetary system, with a direct epicycle belongs to both the epitro- choid and the external hypotrochoid."—Penny Enclojxjedia, xxv. '284. Ep och (6poch), n. Syn.—Epoch, Era. An. epoch and an era are diffe ent. Boih mark im- portant events, but an era is an epoch which i& chronologically dated from; an epoch is not marked in this way. The birth of Christ and the- Reformation were both of them highly important epochs in the history of mankind; the formerr the inconceivably greater event c f th^ two, gave rise to the Christian era; but the Protestant na- tions and churches do not any of them reckon time from the Reformation. The birth of Christ was, therefore, both an epoch and an era% the Ref- ormation an epoch only. This distinction is only now coming iuto use. Ep o chal (£p'o-ehal), a. Pertaining or relating to a a epoch. E po ta tion (e'po-ta^tion), n. [Lat. epotatior from epoto—to drink out; s (eros)=love and Mod. Lat. ayrostris (q. v.), with reference to the dancing of spikelets of the flower,] (Bot.) A genug of Grasses, tribe Festucae family Bromidae. Stendel enumer ites 243 species. Er an the Ilium (er-an the-mdm), n. [Gr. epos (eras), epws (eros), and 6i.v9ep.oi> (antlicmon) = a flower.] (Bot.) A genus of Acanthacese, the typical one of the tribe Eranthemeae. The species bear beautiful flowers. Er an tilis (dr-an'this), n. [Gr. epos (eros), Zpus (eros)=love, and a.v0os (anthos) = blossom, flower. (Bot.) Winter-aconite. A genus of plants, order Ranunculaceae. Er a to (Sr'a-to), n. [LaL. erato: Gr. 'Epa/no (erato) = the lovely ; eparos (eratos) = lovely ; epaa> (erao) = to love.] 1. (Class. Myth.) One of the nine Muses. She presided over elegy and love songs. When she was playing, she carried a lyre in the one hand and a plectrum in the other, and was crowned with roses and myrtle. "Now, Erato ! thy poet's mind inspire, And fill his soul with thy celestial fire." Dryden: Virgil; JEneid vii. 52, 53. 2. (Astron.) An asteroid, the sixty-first found. It was discovered by Lesser, on September 14, 1860. 3. (Zool.) A genus of Cypraeidse (Cowries). Eleven recent species occur, and two fossil, the former from Britain, the West Indies, China, etc., the latter from the Miocene onward. 4. (Bot.) A genus of Asteracece, subtribe, Psiadiece. Erectile (e-r6e'tlle), a. Erectile-Tissue: Anal.: A kind of tissue entering into some organs of the body which are capable of being rendered turgid or erected by their distension with blood. It is called also Cavernous tissue. E rec til i ty (e'rSe-tirl-ty), n. The quality or state of being erectile : capabilicy of erection. E rec to (e-rde'to), prefix. [Lat. erectus—erect.] Erect. Erecto-patent. (a.) (Bot.) Between erect ana spreading. (b.) (Entom.) Applied to insects which have the primary wings vertical and the secondary ones horizontal. Ere- long (§re-16ng;), adv. [Eng. ere; long.] Before any long time has passed away; before long; soon. "I think erelong he will believe." Massitiger: Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. Er e ma call sis (Sr'e-ma-cau^sls), n. [Gr.. rjpifxa (herema) — slowly and Kavaris (kausis) = burning.] (Chem.) A name given by Liebig to the slow oxidation of vegetable matter when expose ! to air and moisture. Eremacausis is accompanied by evolution of heat, which may cause large masses of cotton, flax, and other substances of a porous nature, when damp or greasy, to take fire spontaneously. Ere-now (ere-now;), adv. [Eng. ere, and now.) Before now, before the present time. [0&s.[ "Had the world eternally been, scienoe had been brought to perfection long erenow— Cheyne. Ere-while, ere-whiles (§re-whiie'), (§re- while§), a. [Eng, ere, and while, whiles.] A short time since; a little while before. [O&s.] "I am as fair now, as I was erewhile, Since night you loved me. yet since night you left me." Shakesp.: Mids. Night"1 s Dream, iii. 2. Erf (pi. er ven) (6rf), n. [Dut.] A piofc of gar- den ground usually containing about half an acre. Er ga ta (Sr'ga-ta), n. [Lat., from Gr. epyaTTj? (ergates.] A capstan or windlass. Er got ine (fer'got-Ine), n. (Chem.) An amor- phous, feebly bitter poisonous substance con- tained in Ergot. Er got isecl (6r;got-i§ed), a. Diseased, as rye and other grasses, with ergot. "We know the terrible effect of ergotised grasses, and there may be equally deleterious and more minute fungi which escape notice."—- Field, Jan. 28, 1882. Er got ism (er'got-ism), n. [Fr. ergotisme.] 1. (Bot.) The same as Ergot. 2. (Med.) A disease produced by eating grain affected by ergot. E ri ca (e-rl'ca), n. [Lat. erice\ Gr. ipeUr] (ereike) =heath.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, the typical one of the order of Ericacefe. They contain the heath, and bear beautiful flowers. Er i ca ceous (er'I-ca^ceous), a. Pertaining or relating to the Ericaceze or heath family. E rich, thians (e-rlch'thl-an§), n. pi. [Mod. Lat. erichthys, and Eng., etc. pi. suff. -ans.\ (Zool.) The English name for the tribe of uni- cuirassiated stomapod crustaceans, the type of which is Erichthus (q. v.). E ricli tlius (e-rich'thus), n. [Gr. eptov (erion) = wool, and ix&v<; (ic/if/ms) = fish.] (Zol.) A genus of stomapoda. It contains the class Shrimps. E rig er on (e-rig'er-dn), n. ]Lat. erigeron: Gr. -qpiyepoiv (erigeron) (nearly, old), the name of a groundsel (Senecio) from its hoary down.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, conta ning the flea bane. It resembles the Aster, but has the ray flowers multiseriate, and the fruit compressed. Er i opli or um (er'l-<5ph-or//um), n. [Gr. epiov (erion) =wool, and $opos (phoros)= bearing.] (Bot.) Cotton-grass. A genus of CyperacesB (Sedges), tribe Scirpese. It consists of perennial tufted herbs, with many-flowered spikelets; the glumes imbricated on every side, and several hvpogynous bristles, becoming very long and sil ky. E riph i a (e-rlph'l-a), n. Lat. eriphia; Gr. epe- uAAoi> (phullon) = aleaf, and Eng. suff. -ine (Chem.) (q. v.).] (Chem.) The red coloring matter of leaves in autumn. It is soluble in water and alcohol, and dissolves with brown color in alkali. Er yx, er ix (er'yx, er'ix), n. [Lat. Eryx, an opponent of Hercules, who slew him and buried him on a mountain, which retained his name.] (Zool.) A genus of snakes, family Boidse. They are small in size, and have not the pre- hensile tail of the huge Boas and Pythons. They occur in India and the Eastern Islands, and in Turkey, Greece, and Egypt. Es cal oped (6s-cal;oped), a. [Eng. escalop; -ed.] 1. Cut or fashioned in the form of a scal- lop-shell, cut at the edge or border into segments of a circle. 2. (HerThe same as Escallopee. Es cam bi o (es-e&m'bi-O), n. [Low. Lat. es- cambium=exchange. J (Law.) A writ or authority given to merchants to draw bills of exchange on persons beyond the seas. [06s.] Es cap a ble (6s-cap'a-ble), a. That may or can be escaped or avoided ; avoidable. Es carp ment (es-earp'ment), n. 1. (Fort.) Ground cut away so as to present a nearly per- X>endicular face, and thus render the position in- accessible to an enemy. 2. (Geog & Geol.) The abrupt face of a ridge of high land. Es chew er (Ss-cha'er), n. One who eschews, shun-;, or avoids. Es chew ment (&s-cha/mSnt), n. The act of eschewing or avoiding; eschewance; avoidanoe. [Rare.] Esch scholtz i a (esh-sholtz'i-a), n. [Named after Dr. Eschscholtz, a botanist ] 1. (Bot.) A genus of Papaveracese (Poppies). The species are yellow-flowered, and are akin to Glaucium. They have been introduced into British gardens from their native region, California and the ad- jacent parts. It has been proposed to exchange the name Eschscholtzia for Chryseis. 2. (Zool.) A genus of Ctenophora, family or sub-tribe Saccatse. Es co pet (Ss'eo-p&t"). n. [Sp. escopeta.] In Mexico, the name for a carbine. Es crol (Ss-erol'), n. (Her.) A scroll; a slip of paper, parchment, etc., on which the motto is written. Es cu de ro (Ss'cu-de^rO), n. [Sp., from Lat. scutarius, from scutum—& shield.] One who bears a shield, an esquire, or an attendant upon a person of rank: a lady's page. Es cu lie (es-cu'lic), a. (Chem.) Applied to an acid derived from the horse-chestnut. Es cu line (Ss'eu-llne), n. (Chem.) The same as JEsculine. Es cutch eon (es-ktich'un), n. Escutcheon of pretence. (Her.) The small shield bearing the arms of an heiress placed in the center of her husband's shield, instead of being impaled with his arms. Es em J)las tic (gs'em-pl&s^tie) a. [Gr. ecr (es) =into; ev (hen)=one, and TrAao-Tt/co?[plastikos) = molding, shaping.] Molding, shaping or fash- ioning into one. [Rare/] "I do not suppose that Coleridge's esemplastic wi 1 find any considerable favour."—Trench: On the Study of Words, p. 113. Es ne cy (6s;ne-^), n. [O. Fr. aisnesse; Fr. amesse=priority of birth.—Bailey.] (Law.) The right of the oldest coparcener in the case where an estate descends to daughters jointly for want of an heir male, of making the first choice in the division of the inheritance. E so phag e an (e'so-ph&g^e-an), a. Relating to the esophagus. Es o ter i cism (8s/0-t6r"i-$Ism.), n. Esoteric teaching or principles. Es o ter ics (ds^-tgr^ics), n. Mysterious or occult doctrines or science. Es O ter ism (Ss-O'ter-ism), n. [Gr. eo-wrepos (esoteros)=-inner, and Eng. suff. -ism.] The same as Esotericism (q. v.). E SOX (e'sox), n. [Lat. esox; Gr. 1le (6-vad I-ble), n. That may or can be evaded or avoided; avoidable. I Rare.] Ev an esee (ev'an-esge7), v. i. [Lat. evanesco: e=away, and vanesco=to vanish (q. v.).] To vanish, to disappear, to be dissipated in va- por. To disappear iu an imperceptible manner. van gel ic al (e'van-gei ic-al), n. One who holds evangelical principles. Evangelical-Alliance. {Eccl. Hist.) An alliance first suggested at a conference held in Liverpool in October, 1845, and inaugurated ah a series of meetings in the Freemasons' Hall, Loudon, under the presidency of Sir Culling Eardley Smith, between Aug. 19 and Sept. 2, 1846. The fol- lowing nine tenets were adopted as the basis of union: 1. The divine inspiration, authority, and suffi- ciency of the Holy Scriptures. The right and duty of private judgment in the interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. 3. The unity of the Godhead, and the Trinity of persons therein. 4. The utter depravity of human rature in consequence of the Fall. 5. The incarnation of the Son of God, His work of atonement for sinners of mankind, and His mediatorial intercession and reign. t>. The justification of the sinner by faith alune. 7. The work of the Holy Spirit in the conver- ' eion and sanctification of the sinner. H. The immortality of the soul, the resurrec- tion of the body, the judgment of the world by our Lord Jesus Christ, with the eternal blessed- ness of the righteous and the eternal punishment of the wicked. The divine institution of the Christian Min- istry, and the obligatioa and perpetuity of the ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's bupper. The Evangelical Aliance is not a federation of various churches ; it is composed of individual Christians connected with different denomina- tions. It has met repeatedly since its first for- mation, has done its best to loster courtesy among members of different ecclesiastical or- ganizationsj and has interfered sometimes with good effect in the case of Protestants persecuted in Roman Cathol c countries, or Cnristians in those where the Crescen,; prevails. E van gel ic al ness (e-van gSFie-al-nSss), n. The same as Evanyelivity (q. v.) E van gel i cism (e'van-gtW'i-cism), n. The same as Evangelicalism. E van gel ie i ty (e-van'gel-iQ 'i-t^), n. The quality of being evangelical; evangeacalness. [Rare]. E van gel is tic (e-van^el-ls'-'tie), a. Per- taining to the work of an evangelist; missionary. E vap or ate (e-vap or-ate), a. [Lat. evapor- atus, pa. par. of evaporo]. Evaporated ; diffused in vapor. " How still the breeze ! save what the filmy thread' Of dew evaporate brushes from the plain." Thomson : Autumn, 1,210, 1,211. E vas i ble (e-vasi-ble), a. [Lat. evasus, pa. par. of evado=to escape ; Eng. -able]. That may or can be evaded ; evadib.e. E vec tics (e-vge'tics), n. {Old Med.) The name given to that branch of medical science which treats of the method of acquiring a good hab.t of body. E ven (e'ven), a. On an even ; On an equality ; on par. To be even with : To be on terms of equality with ; to be quits with. "The pub.ic is always even with an author who has not a just deference for them."—Addison. E veil hand. e {exaireo) = to take away, to remove; e£ {ex) = out, away, and aipew {haireo) =to take.] {Swrg.) That department of surgery which relates to the removing of parts of the oody. Ex ag ger a tive (Sgz-ag'ger-a-tive), a. Having the power or tendency to exaggerate ; exaggerat- ing, hyperbolical. "In a not mendacious, yet loud-spoken, exag- gerative, more or less asinine manner."—Carlye: Cromwell, i. 142. Ex al bu mi nous (Sx'ai-bu^mi-noils), a. {Bot.) Destitute of albumen; not having an en- dosperm. (Used of seeds.) " We can in agine the seed to be at first alto, gether exaIb uminous.'' —Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. xvi., No. 403 (1881), p. 363. Ex al ta do (ex'al-ta'^lo), n. [Sp.] One who is a i adherent of the liberal political party in Spain. Ex am i liant (egz-am'i-nant), n. [Lat. excimin- ans (genit. examinantis), pr. par. of examino = to weigh carefully.] One who investigates or ex- amines ; an examiner.—Sir W. Scott. Ex am ine (egz-am'ine), v. t. Syn.—Examine, Explore, Search. To examine expresses a less effort than to search, and this expresses less than to exx>lore. We examine objects that are near; we search those that are hidden or removed at a certain distance ; we explore those that are unknown or very distant. — Crabb : Eng. Synonyms. Ex am ple (egz-am'ple), n. Syn.—Example, In- stance. The example is set forth by way of illus- tration or instruction ; the instance is adduced by way of evidence or proof. Every instance may serve as an example, but every example is not an instance. The example consists of moral or intellectual objects ; the instance consists of actions only. Rules are illustrated by examples; characters are illustrate I by instances; the best mode of instructing children is by furnishing them with examples for every rule that is laid down; the Roman history furnishes us with many extraordinary instances of self-devotion to their country.—Crabb : Eng. Synonyms. Ex an tlia lose (ex-an'tha-lose), n. [Gr. e^avdiu) ( exantheo)=to put out flowers; aAs {hals) =salt, and Eng., etc. suff. -ose.] {Min.) A white efflorescence such as results from the exposure of Glauber-salt. Fouud in Yesuvian lavas and at Hildesiieim. {Dana.) Ex an tlie sis (gx'an-the^sis), n. [Gr. i$dv9r)(rt<; {exanthesis) = efflorescence, eruption. {Hipx>o- crates.)] {Med.) (For. def. see etym). Nearly the same as exanthema, but exanthe- sis refers chiefly to the process of breaking out, and exanthema to that which breaks out—the character of the eruption after it has been formed. Ex ar il late (ex-ar'll-late), a. [Lat. ex, and Eng. arillate, (q. v.) (Bot.) Applied to plants having no aril. Ex an gu rate (egz-au'gu-rate), v. t. [Lat. ex- augur atus, pa. par. of exauguro: ex = out, away, and auguro—to consecrate by auguries; augur= an augur.] To desecrate, tounhallow, to secular- ize, to deprive of sanctity. [Obs.] "He determined to exaugurate and unhallow certain churches and chappells."—P. Holland: Livy, p. 38. Ex au gu ra tion (egz-au;gu-raction), n. [Lat. exauguratio.] A deprivation of sanctity ; a sec- ularizing or unhallowing. [Obs.] "Allowed the exauguration and unhallowing all other eels and chappels."—P. Holland: Livy, p. 38. Ex cal fac tion (Sx'cal-fae//tion), n. [Lat. ex- calf actio, from excalfacio—to make warm : ex— out, fully, and calfacio=to make warm : calidus— warm, and facio—to make.] The process of making warm; calefaction. [O&s.] Ex cal fac tive (ex'cal-fac^tive), a. [O. Fr. ex- calf actif, from Lat, excalfacio—to make warm.] Making or tending to make warm. [06s.] Ex cal fac tor y (6x'eai-fae//tor-y),a. [Lat. ex- calfactorius, from excalfacio=to make warm.] Making warm; warming, heating. [06s.] Ex car na tion (fix^ar-na^tion), n. 1. The act of stripping or divesting of flesh. 2. The state of being divested of flesh; the op- posite to incarnation. {Anat.) The natural process by which injected blood-vessels are detached from the parts by whidh they are surrounded. Notation: a, e, i, 6, u, J", long; a, 6, S, 6. 6, f, short; care, fftr, last, fall, what; th^re, veil, term; pique, firm: d6ne, fSr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged \ Dictionaries- not contained in the original Webster.EXCAVATION 281 EXPANSION Ex ca va tion (Sx^a-va^tion) n. 1. (Civil Eng.) An open cutting, as in a railway; opposed to a tunnel. (Gtol.) The excavation of valleys is one of the results attending or following on an earth- quake.—Lyell: Princ. Geol., ch. xxix. Ex een tral (Sx-QSn'tral), a. (Bot.) Without the center. Ex cep taut (Sx-QSp'tant), a. [Lat. exceptans, pr. par. of excepto.] Implying or containing ex- ception. Ex cep tion (Sx-^gp'tion), n. To take exception: (a) To make an objection, to object; to find fault; followed formerly by against, now by to. "He gave Sir James Tirrel great thanks; but took exception to the place of their burial."— Bacon. ^b) To take offence; to be offended; followed by at: as, To take exception at a remark. Ex cerpt (6x-?erpt ), n* [Lat. excerpt um, neut. of excerptusy pa. par. of excerpo.] An extract or selection from the works of an author, or writing of any kind. "His commonplace book was filled with excerpts from the Year-books."—Campbell: Lives of the Lord Chancellors; Lord Commissioner Maynard. Ex cheat or (6x-ch6at'or), n, The same as Es- cheat or. Ex clieq Iter (Sx-chSq'uer), n. Exchequer-bill. A.U instrument of credit created by the Commis- sioners of her Majesty's Treasury for the pur- pose of raising money for temporary purposes to meet the necessities of the Exchequer. Ex- chequer-bills form a large portion of the un- funded, or floating debt of the country. They are issued for sums of £100 each, or some multi- ple of £100. They last for a term of five years without renewal. [Eng.~] Exchequer-bond. An exchequer-bond differs from an exchequer-bill in being issued to ran for a definite period of time, in no case to exceed six years. The rate of interest payable on them is also fixed. [Eng.] Ex cide (Sx-Qlde'), v. t. [Lat. excido: ea?=out, away, and ccedo—to cut.] To cut off or away; to remove ; to separate. [Rare. J Ex ci ta tor (6x gl-ta^tor). n. [Lat., from excitatus, pa. par. of excito; Fr. excitateur.'] [Excite.] {Elect.) An instrument for discharging the content? of a Leyden jar or other accumula- tor of electricity, in such a way as to protect the operator from receiving the shock. Ex cite (6x-Qlte') v. t. Syn.— Excite, Incite, Provoke. To excite is said more particularly of the inward feelings; incite is said of the exter- nal actions ; provoke is said of both. A person's passions are excited; he is incited by any par- ticular passion to a course of conduct; a particu- lar feeling is provoked, or he is provoked by some feeling to a particular step. Wit and conversa- tion excite mirth ; men are incited by a lust for gain to fraudulent practices ; they are provoked by the opposition of others to intemperate lan- guage and intemperate measures. To excite is very frequently used in a physical acceptation ; incite always, and provoke mostly, in a moral ap- plication. We speak of exciting hunger, thirst, or perspiration ; of inciting to noble actions; of provoking impertinence, scorn, or resent- ment.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Ex cit ed iy (6x- a mem- brane situated between the two others, called ex- tine and intine, in the shell of the pollen grain. The extintine is said to be foun I in the pollen of Taxus, Juniperous, Cupressus, Thuja, Cucarbita Pepo, etc. Ex is ten tial ly (^gz^s-tSn^tial-ly), adv. In the way of or by means of existence; in an existing state. [Rare.] "Whether God was existentially as well as es- sentially intelligent."—Coleridge (Webster.) Ex o ce tus, Ex o coe tus (ex'o-^tus), (Sx'-o- goe^tus), n. [Lat. exocoetus; Gr. e^coKoiros (exo- koitos) as adj.= sleeping out; as s. = a fish that comes upon the beach to sleep; e£w (exo)—with- out, and koItos (koitos) = a be :; sleep.] (Ichthy.) A genus of S x>mberesocid£e. Body moderate y compressed with large pestoral fins, the rays of which are stout and firm; the arm bone or radius of this fin also large. (Conch.) Exocoetus exiliens is the Greater Flying-fish. Ex o di um (ex-o-dj-um), n. [Lat., from Gr. e£- oSiov (exodion).] (Rom. Antiq.) An afterpiece in a theater, usually played after tragedies; a farce.—P. Holland: Livius, p. 251. Ex o gas tri tis (6x'o-gas-tri//tls)J n. [Pref. exo-, and Eng., etc., gastritis. J (Pathol.) Inflammation of the external mem- brane of the stomach. Ex o niol o ge sis (Sx'o-mdl'o-ge^sis), n. [Gr., from e£oju.oAoyeo/u.ai (exomologeomai)=to confess. J A com non or general confession. "A public exomologesis in the church."—Bp. Taylor: Repentance, ch. x. Ex oj>li thai mi a (6x dph-thai^mi-a), n. Gr. e£6(/>0aA|u.os (exopthalmos)=with prominent eyes; (ca;) = out, and 6 +3a^6 +.3cx&2 + 3. 3. (Nat. Phil.) The increase of bulk or surface which a body undergoes from the recession from any cause of its particles from one another, so that it occupies a greater space, while the weight remains the same. Heat is the most common • cause of expansion. 3. (Steam.) The-increase in bulk of steam in a cylinder. The method of working steam expan- sively was invented by Watt, and was the subject- matter of his patent of 1782. By it the supply of steam from the boiler to the cylinder is cut off when the latter is only partially filled, the re- mainder of the stroke of the piston being com- pleted by the expansion of the steam already ad- mitted. Expansion-gear. (Steam Eng.) The apparatus by which access of steam to the cylinder is cut off at a given part of the stroke; a cut-off. A variable cut-off is one which is capable of being adjusted while the engine is in motion, to cut off at any given portion of the stroke, within a giveq range, as the requirements of the work may in- dicate. A fixed expansion is one arranged to cut off at a determinate part of the stroke. An auto- matic expansion is one which is regulated by the governor, and varies with the amount of power required. [Expansion-valve.] Expansion-joint. (Steam Eng.) (a) A stuffing- box joint used when a straight metal pipe, which ^ is exposed to considerable variations of tempera- J/ ture, has no elbow or curve in its length to enable/ • it to expand without injury. The end of oyo portion slips within the other like a telescope. Known also as a faucet-joint. Notation: a, e, l, 0, u, y, long; a, 6,1, 6. ti, f, short; c&re, ffir, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, r\jde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; Qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in Jigger, liok; tit as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.kAPAKSUEE 282 EXTRACT (b) Ail elastic copper end to an iron pipe to allow it to expand without injury. (c) A 1 attachment of a boiler in its framing to allow the former to expand without affecting the framing. Expansion-valve. (Steam Eng.) A valve ar- ranged to cut off the connection between the boiler and cylinder at a certain period of the stroke of the piston, in order that the steam may act expansively during the remainder of the stroke. Ex pan sure (Sx-p&n'shur), n. An expanse, an extent. [Obs.J "Suit nigtfit's rich expansure with your joy." Chaxjman: Hero and Leander, sest. v. Ex pect (ex-pect ), v. t. Syn.—Expect, Hope, Both these words have refe-renca to the future, but expect refers to what we think will probably happen ; hope, to that which we earnestly desire to happen. We may expect something to happen which will cause pain or sorrow, but we would not hope for such an occurrence. Expect, Suppose. Expect means to look forward to, and should be used only of the future. Hence, it is incorrect to say: " I expect your investments turned out well;" "Expect you had a hard timeuse suppose in such cases.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Expectant (dx-pget'ant), a. {Med.) (a). A term applied to a medicine which waits for, but does not force, the efforts of nature. (b.) A term applied to that system of treat- ment which consists in watching the progress of a disease, an 1 removing deranging influences, without having recourse to active medicines ex- cept in cases of necessity.. Ex pect ant (Sx-pfect'ant), n. (Med.) A method of treatment of a disease by leaving it to the efforts of nature, without the use of active medi- cines, except in cases of necessity. Ex pect a tive (ex-pSct'a-tive), a. [Lat. ex- pectatus, exspectatus, pa. par. of expecto, exspecto; Eng. adj. suff. -ive.] Giving rise to expectation; constituting an object of expectation. [Rare, ] 44 Whereunto the multitude of expectative graces hath beene a great impediment and let." — Fox : Martyrs ; Henry FI., p. 640. Ex pe cli en tial (ex-pe'di-Sn'-'tial,) (tial as shal), a. Pertaining to or dependent upon ex- pediency or self-interest. Ex pe cli tion ist (Sx'pe-dl^tion-Ist), n. One who goes upon or joins in an expedition. Ex pe Synonyms Discriminated. Ex treme (Sx-treme'), a. 1. Carried to excess or to extremes; ultra: as, "He holds extreme opinions." Notation; a, e, 1, 0, a, y, long; a, 6,1, d, vi, y, ^uux pi^hj e, £, o, silent; g as s; £h as 3. (Mus.) (a) Outside : as, extreme parts, the highest and lowest parts in part-music. (b) Expanded to its furthest limit: as, extreme intervals, intervals greater than major or nor- mal : e.g., c to g § an extreme fifth. Such inter- vals are called also augmented, superfluous, or sharp. (c) Not closely related; a modulation into an extreme key is one into any key other than its own relative minor, its dominant and sub-domi- nant, and their relative minors. (d) An old term for any key having more than three sharps or flats. Ex trem ist (ex-trgm'ist) n. One who holds extreme doctrines or opinions; one who is ex- treme in his views. Ex trin sic al ness (Sx-trln'sie-al-nSss) n. The quality of being extrinsical. Ex tro it ive (frx-tro'it-ive), a. [Lat. extra= beyond, without, and eo (sup. itum) —to go.] Going after or seeking external objects. [Bare.] Ex tro ver sion (ex'tro-vfer^sion), n. [Lat. extra=beyond, without, and versio=a turning.] (Surg.) The turning of an organ inside out; as, for example, the bladder. Ex ud ate "(Sgz-ad'ate), v. t. [Lat. exudatus, exsudatus, pa. par. of exudoy exsudo.] To exude, or pass out through the pores. [Obs.] "Some perforations through which the humors included doth exudate."—Browne: Vulgar Er- rours, bk. iii., ch. iv. Ex ur gence (Sgz-tir'genQe), n. [From Lat. exsurgo=to rise out or up : e#=out of, and surgo =to rise.] The act of rising up or coming into sight. [Ofrs.]—Baxter. Ex u tor y (dgz-a'tor-y), n. [Lat. exutus, pa. par. of exuo—to lay or put off.] (Med.) An ar- tificial ulcer made and kept discharging for therapeutic purposes. Ex u vi a bil i ty (Sgz-a'vi-a-blFl-tt), n. Capability of casting off the skin periodically. Ex u vi a tion (egz-a'vl-a^tion), n. (Zool.) The act of exuviating; the act of casting off exuvse. Ex u vi um (ggz-aM-um), n. [Mod. Lat.] [Exuviae.] (Zool. & Bot.) Any single thing cast off by an animal or plant. (Owen.) Gen- erally the term Exuviae is used. ;; care, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; plqu ,h; c, en, ao k; g as j, g as in get; g as z; 5 as gz; Eye (eye), n. 1. (Milling.) The hole in a runner stone through which the grain passes to the ground. (Mach.) (a) The hole through the center of a wheel, to be occupied by the axle, axis, or shaft. (6) The eye of a crank; a hole bored to re- ceive the shaft. 3. (Naut.) (a) A circular loop in a shroud or rope. A worked circle or gommet in a hank, rope, or sail. (M The loop of a block-strap. lc) The hole in the shank of an anchor to re- ceive the ring. 4. ( Vehicles.) Am etallic loop on the end of a trace, to go over the pin or hook on the end of a single-tree. A cock-eye. 5. (Hort.) (a) The bud of a plant. (&) A bud concealed in a depression ; example, the potato. (c) The central part or the central markings of a flower. (1) To see with half an eye: To see with the greatest ease. Eye- bright en ing (eye^-bright'en-ing), a. Clearing or brightening the sight. "As it had been some eye-brightening electuary of knowledge and foresight."—Milton: Reason of Church Government, bk. ii. Eye- glass, Eye- cup (6 ye'giass, eye'etip), n. A cup for washing the eye-ball. Its lip is held firmly against the open lid, and the eye-wash dashed against the ball or forced against it by compressing the reservoir. Eye- in lirin a ry (eye^in-flrm'a-ry), n. A place for treating diseases of the eye. Eye let eer (eye'let-eer")* n. A stabbing instru- ment of the work-table, to pierce eye-let-holes; a stiletto. Eye let- ring (eye'let-ring), n. A little metal or ivory ring put into an eyelet to prevent tear- ing. Eye-reach (eye'reach), n. The range of vision. Eye- saint (eye'saint), n. That which is inter- esting to, or looked at eagerly with the eyes. Ey sell (l'sl), n. The same as Eisel. >, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; f&rl, ryde, 5l as in linger, link; th as in thine. tfiSF*On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of Doth Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.£ 284 EAT E. EAs a numeral, E stands for 250. -In the calendar « It is the fifth of the Dominical letters.—Aa an abbreviation it stands for East, aa in charts; E. by 8., east by south ; in the abbreviative combination e. p., for exempli gratia,toT example ; and in i. e., for id est, that is.—E {Mus.) is the third note or degree of thfe diatonic scale, answering to the mi of the Italians and French. Also the key having four tfhurps in its signature; and the key-note of the church mode called Phrygian. Eadt Ed. An element in Anglo-Saxon names, sig- nifying happy, fortunate, aa in £dward, happy pre- server; .Edwin, happy conqueror. Ea ger (S'ger), ». The same as Eagre. Ea gle-eyed (6'gl-Id), a. Discerning; having acute intellectual vision. Inwardly eagle-eyed and perfectly versed in the hu- mors of his subject. Howell. Ea gle-fllght ed (e^gl-fllt'ed), a. Flying like an eagle ; mounting high. Ea gle-pin toned (e"gl-pln'yund), a. Having an eagle's wings, or wings adapted for rapid flight. Ka grass (6'gras), n. Saire as Eddish. Bar (Sr), n. —All ear% all attention. I was all ear, And took in strains that might create a soul Under the ribs of death. Milton. —Button ear, a name given to a dog's ear which falls in front and covers up the inside.—Rose ear, an ear, which folding at the back, discloses a portion of the inside, as in certain dogs. Ear (5r), a. Early. [Scotch.] Ear deafen lng (Cr^dSfn-ing), a. Deafening or stunning the ear. Ear-cock le (gr"k8k'l), ». A disease in -wheat caused by the presence in the grain of worms be- longing to the genua Vibrio. Called in t>ome parts of England Purples. EaY*d (yferd), n. Earth. [Scotch.J Ear-drop (er'drOp), n. 1. An ornamental pen- dant for the ear ; an ear ring. 2. (Bot,) A name given to the auricula. Eared (Crd), p. a. 1* Having ears. 2, {Her.) Animals borne in court armor with their ears differing in tincture from that of the body are blazoned eared of such a metal or color. 3* f Plowed. 4 The thrice eared field,* Pope. 4. (Ornith.) Having deeply colored or long feathers on the side of the head; as, the long- eared owl. Ear-hole (Gr'hOl), n. The aperture of the ear; the opening in the ear. Ea. ri ness (6'ri-nes), n. Same as Eeriness. Ear lng (gr'ing), ». The forming of ears of corn. Ear-kiss lng (er^kls'lng), o. Slightly affecting the ear. 4 Ear-kissing arguments.' Shale. Ear let f (Cr'let), n. An ear-drop or ear-ring. Ear-mark (Sr'm&rk), n. (Law.) Any mark for identification, as a privy mark made by any one on a coin. Earn (6rn), n. An eagle. [R. Scotch.] Ear nest y (Sr'nest), v. t. To make nse of in earnest in place of play. 4 To earnest a sword.' Pastor Fido. Ear-piercer (Cr^pSrs'er), n. An insect, the earwig (Forflcula auricularia). Ear-piercing (Sr^pers'ing), o. Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp aound. 1 The ear-piercing fife.' Shah. Ear-reach. (er'rBch), ». Hearing distance ; ear- shot. ^ All stand without ear-reach. flfarston. Ear-rent f (Sr'rfint), n. Payment made by lacer- ation oi loss of the ears.1 A hole to thrust your heads in, For which you should pay ear-rent. B. Jonson. Earse (6rs), n. The same'as Erse. Ear shrift t (Sr'shrlft), n. Auricular confession. 'The Papists' lenten preparation of forty days, earshrift.' Cartwright. Ear-sore (Cr'sOr), a. Morose; quarrelsome; apt to take offense. Ear-sore (Sr'sOr), n. Something that offends the ear. Earst f (6rst), adv. At first; formerly; erst.— At earsty at length ; now-a-days. For from the golden age, that first was named, It's now at earst become a stonie one. Spenser. Earth (6rth), ».—Earth of alum (Cfcem.), a sub- stance obtained by precipitating the earth from alum dissolved in water by adding ammonia or potass. It is used for paints.— Earth of bone cfc, cfcain ; g, go; j, Job; ng, sing; On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. (CTirn.), a phosphate of lime existing In bones af- ter calcination,—Earth currents {Elcc.)y strong ir- regular currents, which disturb telegraphic lines of considerable length, flowing from one part of the line to another, affecting the instruments and fre- quently interrupting telegraphic communication. Apparently they depend upon alterations in the state of the earth's electrification, which produce currents in the wires by induction. They occur simultaneously with magnetic ctorms and aurorie. Earth t (6rth), n. [From ear, to plow.] The act of turning up the r round in tillage ; a plowing. Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, Two earths at the least, era ye bow it, bestow, Tusser. Earth-ap~ple (6rth//5p/l), n. 1« A potato. 2. A cucumber. Earth-bath (erth'b&th), n. {Med.) A remedy occasionally wed on the Continent, consisting liter- ally of a bath of earth. Earth-bor er (Srth'-'bOr'er), n. A kind of auger for boring holes in the ground, the twisted shank of it revolving inside a cylindrical box, which retains the earth till the tool is withdrawn. Earth-clos et (6rth//kli>z/et), ». A night-stool or convenience of the same kind, in -which the toces are received in a quantity of earth. Earth-drake (6rth'drSk), n. [Earth and drafce.] (Anglo-Saxon Myth.) A mythical monster possess- ing qualities analogous to those of the dragon of chivalry. He sacrifices his own life in destroying a frightful earth-drake or dragon. W. Spalding. Earth-fall (6rth'fal), ». (Oeol.) The name given to a natural phenomenon which occurs when a por- tion of the earth's surface is elevated by some sub- terranean force, then cleft assunder and depressed, the space before occupied with solid earth becoming covered with water. Earth-lire (Grth'flr), n. The phosphorescent light emanating from decayed or decaying vegeta- tion. « Earth-foam (Grth'fOm), n. {Mm.) A fine light scaly variety of calcite or calo-spar. Earth-hog (Grth'hOg), )n. {ZoOl.) The aard- Earth-pig (Grth'plg), ) vark. Earth-liouse (ferth'hous),) n. The name gener- Eird-house (yird'hous), J ally given through- out Scotland to the underground buildings known as 4 Picts'houses' or 'Picts' dwellings.' The earth- house in its simplest form consists of a single irreg- ular-shaped chamber, formed of unhewn stones,the side-walls gradually converging towards the top un- til they can be roofed by stones of 4 or 5 feet in width, all covered in by a mound of earth rising slightly above the level of the surrounding district. In the more advanced form of these structures two or three chambers are found. Earth-houses are fre- q'uent in the north-east of Scotland, occasionally thirty or forty being found in the same locality, as in the Moor of Clova, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire. Querns, bones, deers' horns, plates of stone or slate, earthen vessels, cups and implements of bone, stone celts, bronze swords, and the like, are occasionally found in connection with them. Very similar structures occur also in Ireland. See Bee- hive-house. Written also Yird-house. Earth ing (6rth'ing), n. The act of covering plants and shrubs, or parts of them, with earth or mold. Earth ling (Srth'ling), n. One strongly attached to worldly things ; a worldling. Earth-mad f (grth'm&d), n. (Earth, and mad, a worm.] An earth worm or grub. The earth-mads and all the sorts of worms......are without eyes. Holland. Earth-oil (Srth'oil), n. A thick mineral fluid which oozes from rocks. Called also Bock-oil and Petroleum. Earth-plate (firth'plat), n. (Teleg.) A buried plate of metal connected with the battery or line- wire by means of which the earth itself is made to complete the circuit, thus rendering the employ- ment of a second or return wire unnecessary. Earth-shine (erth'shln), n. (Astron.) A name given to the faint light visible on the part of the moon not illuminated by the sun, due to the illu- mination of that portion by the light which the earth reflects on her. It is most conspicuous when the illuminated part of the diso is at its smallest, as soon after new moon. This phenomenon is popularly described as 4 the old moon in the new moon's arms.' Eartfotafcle (6rth//ta/bl), ». (Ooth. Arch.) The lowest course of the stones seen, but more oorrectly the first table, that is, the first horizontal or slightly inclined surface. It is also called Grass-table and Oround-table. Earth«tongue (6rth'tting), n. (Bot.) The pop- ular name given to club-shaped fungi of the genus Geoglossum, found in lawns and grassy pastures. Earth wards (6rth'werdz), adv. The same as Earthward. Earth-wolf (Srth'w^If), ». (ZoGl.) The aard- wolf. Ear-wtg (Sr'wlg), v. t. pret. and pp. ear-wigged; ppr. ear-wigging. To gain the ear of, and influence by covert statements or insinuations ; to whisper insinuations in the ear of, against another ; to fill the mind of with prejudioe by covert statements. [Colloq. Eng.] He was so sure to be ear-wigged in private that what he heard or said openly went for little. Marryat. Eas el (5syl), adv. Eastward. [Scotch.] Ow, man 1 ye Bhculd hae hadden easel to Kippeltrin- gan. Sir W. Scott. East (6st), n.— East Indies^ the name given to the country which includes the two great peninsulas of Southern India and the adjacent islands from the delta of the Indus to the northern extremity of the Philippine Islands.—East India fly {Entom.), a spe- cies of cantharides, of a deep azure or sea-blue color, and about double the size of the common cantharides. These insects are found to be much more active as vesicatories than the Spanish flies.— Empire of the East, the empire founded in 395 A. D., when the emperor, Theodosius the Great, divid- ed the Roman Empire between his two sons, Arca- dius and Honorius, giving the former the eastern division, the latter, the western. The metropolis o f this empire was Constantinople. The western di- vision, whose capital was Borne, was called the Em- pire of the West. East (Sst), v. i. To move less or more in the direc- tion of the east ; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate. East (Cst), adv. In an easterly direction; east- wards ; as, he went east. Easter (gst'er), a. Of, or pertaining to, Easter. —Easter dues or offerings, in the Church of En- gland, certain dues paid to the parochial clergy by the parishioners at Easter as a compensation for per- sonal tithes, or the tithe for personal labor.—Easter term% (o) {Law ) a term beginning on the 15th ApriLaud continuing till about the 8th May; (6) {English Universitieb) a term held in the spring and lasting for about six weeks from Easter. East er^egg (Sst'er-Sg), n. An egg painted or colored, used in Easter rites East er-naan-gi ant (6st' nr-man-jl'ant), n. The popular name in Cumberland tor the green tops of bistort which are eaten. Calle ' also Easter-giant. [Eng.] East ern most (Sst'ern-mOst), a. Farthest to- ward the east; most eastern. East land ish t (est-lind'ish), a. Of or pertain- ing to the east. 4 The eastlandish and Low Dutch.' Verstegan. Eastlin (Sst'lin), a. Easterly. [Scotch.] This blae eastlin wind. Burns. East ward (Cst'werd), a. Having its direction toward the east * < The eastward extension of this vast track was un- known. MarsdenJ Eastwards (Bst'werdz), adv. Eastward. Such were the accounts from the remotest parts east- wards. Marsdenx Eas y (5z7i), adv. Easily. Those move easiest that have learned to dance. Popt* Eas y-=chair (Sz'i-ch&r), n. An arm-chair paddec for resting or reposing in ; a chair for reclining in. 4 Laugh and shake in Rabelais' easy-chairPope.j Eas y-go Ing (e^zi-gO'ing), a. Inclined to take* matters in an easy way ; good-natured. Eat (St), v. t.—To eat one^s heart% to brood 0v6i< one's sorrows or disappointments. . I will not eat my heart alone Uor feed with sighs a passing wind. Tennyson. —To eat one's terms, in the inns of court, to go through the prescribed amount of study preparatory to being called to the bar: in allusion to the num- ber of dinners a student must eat in the public hall of his society each term in order that the term may th, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, asure ; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's andEAT count.—To eai up, to oppress ; to consume the sub- stance of. To eat up my people as they eat bread. Fs. xiv. 4. Cat (et), v. i. To taste ; to be enjoyable; to relish; as, it eats like the finest peach. Soup and potatoes eat better hot than cold. Bussel. Eath f (eth), aav. Easily. Eau (0), n. [Fr., from Lat. aqua, water. J A word used with some other words to designate several spirituous waters, particularly perfumes ; as, eau de Cologne ; eau de Luce ; eaude Portugal, etc. Eau Creole (Okra-51), n. [Fr. eau and Creole. J A highly-esteemed liqueur made in Martinique by distilling the flowers of the mammee apple (Mam- viea americana) with spirit of wine. £au de Ja velle (O'de-ja-vgl"), n. [Fr.] A bleaching liquid; the aqua alkulina oxymuriatica. Gail med i ci nal (O-mgd'i-sG-nal"), n. [Fr.J A vinous infusion of colchicum flowers, used in the treatment of rheumatism and kindred diseases. Eau tie Par is (O'de-par'e), n. [Fr. eau, water, de Paris, of Paris.] A substitute for Eau-de-Co- logne arid other similar cosmetics. In the com- merce of the Continent there are many local waters; as, Eau d'arquebusade, Eau gazeuse, etc. Eaves (evz), n. pi. Eyelashes or eyelids. [Poet.] Eyelids dropped their silken eaves.> Tennyson. And closing eaves of wearied eyes, I sleep till dusk is dipt in gray. Tennyson. Eaves-drip (Svz'drlp), n. [From eaves and drip.] The name of an ancient custom or law, by which a proprietor was not permitted to build within some feet of the boundary of his estate, so as to throw the eaves-drop on the land of his neighbor. It was the same as the urban servitude of the Romans called stillicide (stillicidium). Eaves-drop plug (evz^drQp'ing), n. 1* The dropping of water from the eaves. 2* The act of one who strives to listen to the private conversation of others. Eaves-trough (gvz'traif), a. A long narrow trough or gutter, running under the eaves, for car- rying off the water from the roof. [U. S.] E bauch oir (a-bCsh-wa,r ), n. [Fr. from ehaucher% to begin to make the first draught of a thing. J 1. A large chisel used by statuaries to rough- hew their work. A great hatchel or beating instrument used by rope-makers. Eb bing (81/ing), n. 1. The reflux or receding of the tide. 2. A declining or falling away. Eb do ma ri us (Sb^o-ma^ri-us), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A word used by ecclesiastical writers for an officer formerly appointed weekly to superintend the per- formance of divine service in cathedrals, and to pre- scribe the duties of each person attending in the choir as to reading, singing, praying,eto. E be li ans (e-be'li-anz), n. pi. (Eccl. Hist.) A German sect which had its origin at K5nigsberg in 1S36, under the leadership of Archdeacon Ebel and Dr. Diestel, professing and putting in practice a doctrine called spiritual marriage. Tbe leaders were in 1839 tried and condemned for unsound doc- trine and impure lives. The sect is in Germany popularly named Mucker, or hypocrites. Eb enf (Sb'en), n. Same as Ebony. Johnson. Flbenacese (fjb'en-a/'se-S), n. pi. [Lat. ebenus, Gr, the ebony tree. ] (Bot.) A nat. order of monopetalous exogens, chiefly inhabiting the tropics, containing five genera and. between two and three hundred species. The species consist en- tirely of bushes and trees, some of which are of large size ; their leaves are alternate with no stip- ules, and generally leathery and shining. Diospy- ros Ebenus. and some others yield the valuable timber called ebony. Eb q ne ous (eb-e'ne-fis), a. Of or pertaining to obony ; black ; ebony-colored. E bi o lit tisi&i (e^bi-o-nl'tizm), n. {Eccl. Hist.) The belief or doctrines of tbe Ebionites. Eb lis (eb'les), ) n. (Mohammedan Myth.) An lb lees (Ib'les), ) evil spirit or devil, the chief of the fallen angels or wicked jinns. Before his fall he was called Azazel or Htiaris.—Hall of Eblis% the hall of demons ; pandemonium. Eb o li tionf (SVo-lIsh^un), r.. A breathing out; hence the act or practice of smoking. * The practice of the Cuban ebolition. B. Jonson. Eb on (Sb'on), n. Ebony. To write those plaguas that then were coming on Doth ask a pen of ebon and the night. Drayton. Eb on ite (gb'on-Tt), n. A hard black compound obtained by blending caoutchouc oi gutta-percha with variable proportions of sulphur ; usedfor pho- tographic washing trays, &.c. Called also Vulcanite. E bull lo scope (S-bul'yo-skOp), n. [Lat. ebullioy to boil up, and Gr. cncoTrew, Jo see.J An instrument by which the strength of spirit of wine is determin- ed by the careful determination of its boiling point. E bur na (e-bei^na), n. [Lat. e&wr, ivory.] (ZoOl.) A genus of spiral, univalve, gasteropodous molluscs, found in the Indian and Chinese seas. The shell is oval, thick, smooth, and when young umbili- cated. E bur na tfon (S'ber-nS^shnn or St/er-nR/'shun), n. (Pathol.) The excessive deposition of compact osseous matter which sometimes takes place in the diseased state of bones, especially of joints. Notation. % 6,1, 0,11, long; &, 8, 1,0, u, On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 285 E bur ni fi ca tion (e-bdr/ni-fi-ka"shun), n. The proceoJ by which substances are converted into others which have the appearance or character of ivory. E bur ni nse (^'ber-nl^nS), n. pi. [eburna, one of the genera.] (ZoOl.) A sub-family or division of the family Turbinellidas, in which the shbll is gen- erally grooved round the suture; the body whorl ventricose; the spire rather larger than the aper- ture ; the base obtuse, and almost entire; inner lip much thickened, and the outer lipsinuated. E bur nine (e-bfer'nln), a. Made of ivory. [R.] All in her night-robe loose she lay reclined, And, pensive, read from tablet eburnine. Sir IV. Scott. E cal ca rate (e-kal'ka-rat), a. [Lat. e, priv., and calcar, a spur.] (Bot.) Having no calcar or spur. Ecar )a tin (e-kar;la-tin), n. [Fr.] A kind of red elderberry, produced in France. E car t€ (a-kar-ta), n. [Fr., discarded.] Agameof cards for two persons with thirty-two cards, the small cards from two to six being excluded. Ec ba li urn (ek-bS'li-um), )n. [Gr. e/c/3aAAa>, to Ec bal li um (ek-billli-um), ) throve out.] (Bot.) A genus of cucurbitaceous plants, closely allied to Mormordica. E. agreste is the squirting cucumber, so named from its gourd-like fruit forcibly ejecting its seeds together with a mucilaginous juice. Tbe precipitate from the juice is the elaterium of med: cine. Ec bol 1c (ek-bftl'ik), a. [Gr. e#c/3aAAw, to throw out.J (Med.) A term applied to a medicine that excites uterine contractions, and thereby promotes the expulsion of the foetus. Ec bol ic (ek-bOl'ik), n. (Med.) [See the adjec- tive.] A medicine, as ergot of rye, that excites uterine con:raction, and so promotes the expu'sion of the contents of the uterus. Ec ce ho mo (Sk'se-hO'mO), n. [Lat., behold the man.] A name given to paintings which represent our Savior crowned with thorns and bearing the reed, particularly to a noble painting byCorreggio. Ec cen trie (ek-s6n'trik), n. 1. (Anc. Astron.) A circle the center of which did not coincide with that of the earth. Thither his course he bei ds Through the calm firmament; but up or down, By center ok eccentric, hard to tell. Milton, 2* (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, butwith the earth not in its center, (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius.—Fore-eccentric (Mech.), the eccentric which gives a forward mo- tion to the valve-gear and the engine.—Back-eccen- tric, that which reverses the motion of the valve- gear and the engine. Ec cen tric-cliuck (ek-s?n'trik-chuk), n. (Mech.) A lathe-chuck constructed in-such a manner that the work it holds may be altered in respect to its center of motion, so that combinations of eccentric circles may be produced. Ec cen trie-book .(ek-s5n'trik-huk), n. A jour- nal-box, shaped like a hook, attached to the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap; called also ec- centric-gab. Ec cen tric-lioop (ek-sSn'trik-hOp), ». The same as Eccentric-strap. Ec cen trie i ty (ek'sen-trts^i-ti), n.—Eccentricity of a conic section (Geom.), the ratio of the distance between the foci to the transverse axis Eliot. Ec cen trie-wheel (ek-sgn'trik-whei), n. (Mech.) A wheel which is fixed on an axis that does not pass through the center. Its action is that of a crank of the same length as the eccentricity. Ec cle si an (ek-klg'zi-an), n. One who maintains the supremacy of the ecclesiastical denomination over the civil power. Eccle si ast (ek-klS'zi-ast) n. f The book of Ec- clesiastes. Chavecer. Ec cle si as tic al (ek-kle'zi-2s//tik-al), a.—Eccle- siastical courts, courts in which the canon law is ad- ministered, and causes ecclesiastical determined. In England the ecclesiastical courfe are: the Arch- deacon1s Courts the Consistory Courts, the Court of Arches, the Court of Peculiars, the Prerogative Courts of the two archbishops, the Faculty Courts and the Privy Council, which is the court of appeal, though its jurisdiction may by order in council be transferred to the new Court of Appeal. In Scot- land the ecclesiastical courts are the Kirk-session, Presbytery, Synod, General Assembly (which is the supreme tribunal as regards doctrine and discip- line), and the Teind Courts consisting of the judges of the Court of Session, which has jurisdiction in all matters affecting the teinds of a parish. —Ecclesias- tical commissioners, in England, a body corporate, empowered to suggest measures conducive to the efficiency of the established church, to be ratified by orders in council.—Ecclesiastical corporations, corporations in which the members are entirely spiritual persons, and incorporated as such, as bishops, certain deans, parsons, vicars, deans and chapters, etc. They are erected for the furtherance of religion end perpetuating the rights of the Church.—Ecclesiastical law< the law administered in the ecclesiastical courts, derived from the civil and canon law.—Ecclesiastical state% the body of the clergy. Ec ere mo car pus (Sk/kr8-mo-kfir'/pus), n. [Gr. €KKpe/xij?, hanging from or upon, and rapids, fruit. ] short; a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; far fall fast) c&rt 5 phrases and definitions NOT contained in ECHINOCARPUS (Bot ) A genus of climbing shrub9, nat. order Bift*> noniace®, containing three species, natives oC South America. They have twice-pinnatisect leaves ■with small membranaceous leaflets, and green or yellow, five-lobed flowers. E. scaber is cultivated as an ornamental creeper. Ec critic (ek-krlt'ik), n. (Gr. cKfcptTiKo?, from e/cKpio-is, selection, separation.] (Med.) A medi- cine which promotes the excretion of morbific material from the system. Ec cu li oin pha lus (ek-ktHi-Bm'/fa-lbs), n. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil shells from the Irish mountain limestone, described bv Capt. Portloch. Ec eye sis (ek/ki-6'/sis), n. [Gr. eKKve'to, to be pregnant.] (Obstet.) Extra-uterine feetation ; im- perfect fcetation in some organ exterior to the uterus, as in one of the ovaria, the Fallopian tube* or the cavity of the abdomen. Ec de ron (ek'de-ron), n. [Gr. efcSepa).] (Compar. Anat.) The outer layer of the integument; in some of the lower animals the epithelial layer of mucous membrane; the epidermal layer of the skin; the endoderm is thedeeper, dermal layer. Ecdy sis (ek'di-sis), n. The act of putting off, com- ing out of, or emerging; the act of shedding or cash- ing an outer shell or integument, as in th a case of eer- tain insects, crustacea, etc., chiefly a zoological term. E chan crure (S-shah-krfir), n. (Anat.) A French word empldyed by anatomists to dessignate depress- ions and notches of various shapes, observed on the surface or edges of bones. Dunglison. E chan til Ion (3-sh5h-til-l5n). (Mil.) A military French term for a plank which is covered on one side with iron, and serves to finish the moldings, etc. of a piece of ordnance. E cha pe (a-sha-pa), n. (Man.) A name given to a horse bred from a stallion and a mare of different breeds and countries. Ech e ffach'e), ^pron. Each; every. Chaueer. Ech e a (ek'e-a), n. pi. [Gr., from to sound.] (Ancient Arch.) The name which the ancients gave to the sonorous vases of bronze or earth, of & bell- like shape, which they used in the construction of their theaters to give greater power to the voices of their actors. E che ance (S'she-ans), n. [Fr.] A specified day for payment; the falling due of a bill of exchange, etc. Ech e an dri a (gk'e-Sn^dri-a), n. (Bol.) A genua pf flowering plants brought from Mexico in 1837. Ortega. Echeloned (gsh'e-15nd), a. {Mil)) Noting an array formed in echelon. Ech e lon-lens (gsh'e-lou-lSnz), n. [Fr. echelon, the round of a ladder, and E. lens.] A compound lens, used for lighthouses, having a series of con- centric annular lenses arranged round a central lens so that all have a common focus. E chen e id i dae (e-kgnVId^i-dS), «. pi. (Ichth.J The sucking-fish or remora family, a sub-family of teleostean fishes, which resemble in gen&r&l charac- ter the Gadidre, and which, as the species have in general no spines in the rays of the fins, have been placed in the order Anacanthini. Ech e ve ri a ^Sch'e-vg/'ri-a), n. (Bot.) A genus of succulent plants, nat. order Crassulace®, chiefly natives of Mexico. The leaves are glaucous, gener- ally spathulate. l*he brightly colored flowers are in loose racemes. The species are placed by some bot- anists in Cotyledon. Eche vette (Ssh-vgt), n. {Fr.] A small hank, the tenth part of a large skein of cotton thread or yarn, and the twenty-second part of an ordinary skein of wool. E chid nine (e-kld'nln), n. [Gr. Sva, an adder.] Serpent poison; the secretion from the poison glands of the viper and other serpents. Ecbidnino is a clear, viscid, neutral, yellowish fluid, containing albumen, mucus, fatly matter, and a yellow coloring principle; and among its salts, phosphates and chlo- rides. Associated with the albumen iH a peculiar nitrogenous body, to which the name echidnine ia more particularly applied. The poisonous bag of a viper seldom contains more 2 grains of tha poisonous liquid. E chi myd (e-M'mid), v. (ZoOV.) An individual of the genus Echimys (which see). Eeh i my na (Sk'i-mr'na), n. pi. (Zoffl.) A sub- family of the rodent sub-order Hystricidae, of which the genus Echimys is the type. The ground-pig be- longs also to this sub-family. See Echimys, E chi lnys (e-ki'mis), n. [Gr. a hedgehog, and p.{5s, a mouse.] (ZoOl.) A genus of South Amer- ican rodent quadrupeds, corresponding in some of their characters with dormice, but differing from them in having the tail scaly, and the fur coarse and mingled with flattened spines. Some of the species are known as spicy rats, the family being allied to the porcupines. Written also -Echinomyt, Ech 1 no cac tiis (ek/i-no-kak//tusor e-kl no-kSk"- tus), n. [Gr. extVos, a hedgehog, and *ca*ro«, a cac- tus. J (Bot.) Hedgehog Thistle, a genus of plants beset with spines like a hedgehog: Order, Oataceea. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 19. Ech i no car pus (Sk'i-no-fcftr"pu8 or e-kl'no- kar''pu8), w. [Gr. exivos, a hedgehog, and Kctpiros^ a fruit, in allusion to the prickly capsules. J (Bot.) A genus of plants consisting of a tall tree caHea Sigun in Java: Order, Bixacese. h£r,mOve, or; troll, 0,Fr,; b,Ft.,ton, e latest editions of Webster's and WorECHINOCOCCUS Bell I no coc ens (6k'i-no-k8k//us or e-kl'no-kBk"- us), «., pi. Ecli I no coc ci (gk'i-no-kek^ei or e-kl no-kOk^el), n. [Gr. cx.lvos, a hedgehog, and kokk6<>, a berry.] {ZoOl.) One of the larval forms (scolices) of the tape-worm of the dog (Taenia Er.hl- nococcua), commonly known as hydatids, which oc- cur in man, commonly in the liver, and cause serious disease. Ecli i no chlo a (gk'i-no-klC'a or e-kl'no-klC'a), n. [Gr. ex**'05» a hedgehog, and x*oa, grass, in ref- erence to the prickly nature of the heads of the flowers.] " (Bof.) A genus of plants, nat. order Graminace®. Ech i no cly pe us (gk'i-no-klf'pe-us or e-kl'no- kll"pe-us), n. [Lat. echinus, a hedgehog or sea- urchin, and clypeiis, a shield.] (Paleon.) A fossil genus of the Echinid®, in which the body is de- pressed or conical, circular or inclining to oval; the mouth subcentral, a little more anterior; vent entirely above. Ecli I no derm al (gk'J-no-d6rm"al or e-kl'no- ddrm" al), a. (ZoOl.) Relating to the Echinoderm- ata. Ecli 1 no derm a ta (gl* i-no-d6rm"a-ta or e-kl'no- derm"a-ta), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A class of tnvertebrat- ed animals characterized by having a tough integu- ment in which lime is deposited as granules (as in the star-fish and sea-cucumber), or so as to form a rigid test like that of the sea-urchin; and by the radial arrangement of all the parts of the adult, except the digestive system of the sea-urchin. A water system, usually communicating with the ex- terior, opens into the ambulacra or tubular feet, which are the locomotive organB, and are put into use by being distended with fluid. Their develop- ment is accompanied with metamorphosis, and the embryo shows a distinctly bilateral aspect. On this account, and because the adult arises as a secondary growth within the primitive embryo, the Echino- dermata are now removed from theCuvierian Radi- atn, and classed with the &colecida in the sub-king- dom Annuloida. The sexes are distinct. The class is divided into seven orders—the Echinoidea (sea-ur- chin?), Asteroidea (star-fishes), Ophiuroidea (sand- eta rs and brittle-stars), Crinoidea (feather-stars), Cystidea (extinct), Blastoidea (extinct), and Holo- thuroidea (sea-cucumbers). All are marine. Ech t no derm a tous (gk/i-no-d6rm'/a-t&a or e-kl'no-dGrm' a-tfis), a. Same as Echinodermal. Ecli in old e a (gk^n-oid^e-a), n. pi. [Gr. ex^oy, a hedgehog, and e!6o?, form.] (ZoOl.) An order of Eehinodermata, comprising the sea-urchins. E clii no mys (e-kfoo-mis), n. See Echimys. Ecli i no rliyn chus (Ck/i-no-rIng//ku8 or e-kl'no- rlng"ku8), n. [Gr. ixivos, a hedgehog, and pvyxos» snout.] (ZoOl.) A genus of intestinal worms, the only members of the Acanthocephala, or thorn- headed family, living in the digestive organs of ver- tebrated animals, and sometimes found in the ab- dominal cavity. Ecli i nos ta chys (Sk/i-n8s//ta-kis), n. j"Gr. yot, a hedgehog, and o-ravvy, a head of flowers.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil plants found in the new red sandstone, supposed to be akin to the Typha- ce®, or reed-maceB. Ecli 1 no zo a (6k/i-no-z0//a or e-kl/no-z0//a), n. Same as Annuloida. E chis (S'kis), n. [Gr. ex1** » viper.] {ZoOl.) A genus of poisonous snakes, with small scales on the head, and having single subcaudal plates: family, Crotalid®. E clit tea (e-kl'tis), n. [Gr. ex1** a serpent, from its deleterious qualities, or twining habit.] (Bot.) A genus of plants,^with showy white, yellow, or pur- ple flowers, nat. order Apocynace®. Ec lec tic (ek-I5k'tlk),a.—Eclectic physician, some- times called Botanic physician, one of a sect of ir- regular physicians not belonging to the recognized schools, who claim to select what is best and rational in medicine, disregarding dogmas. E clip tic (e-kllp'tik), a.—Ecliptic conjunction {As- Iron. ) is when the moon is in conjunction with the sun at the time of new moon, both luminaries hav- ing then the same longitude or right ascension. Ec ly sis (gk'li-sis), n. [Gr. e*, out, and Avo>, to loose.] {Mus.) Depression; the lowering of the sound of a string three quarter toues. ' E co nom ic al (6/ko-n5m//ik-al), a.—Economical geology, a branch of the science of geology which aims at its practical application for the benefit of .mankind. E cos saise (O-kfis-Sz), ». [Fr.] {Mus.) Dance music in the Scotch style. Ec plio ra (Sk'fo-ra), n. £Gr. eV, out, and epui, to carry.] (Arch.) The projection of any member or molding before the face of the member or molding next below It. Ec phy ma (gk'fi-ma), n. [Gr. extfivw, to spring out.] {Pathol.) A outaneous excrescence, as a car- uncle. Ec py e sis (Sk'pW'sIs), n. [Gr. e#c7rv6o, to suppu- rate.] {Pathol.) A humid ecall; impetigo. Ec py ro sis (gk'pi-rO^sis), ». [Gr. e/c7ft/p«o. [Fr.] . (Her.) A term ap- Eftray^ (a-fra-ya), > plied to an animal represent- ed as rearing on its hind legs, as if it were fright- ened or enraged. Effect er (ef-fSkt'er). n. Same as Effector. Iiif feet ive (ef-fgkt'iv), a.—Effective Money (Com.), a common term on the Continent to express coin in contradistinction to paper money. Effeir (ef-fSr'), n. [Scotch.] 1. What is becoming one's rank or station. 2* Property; quality; state ; condition.—Effeir of war, warlike guise. Effeir (.ef-fSi/), v. i. (Scots Law.) To correspond, be suitable, or belong. Bell. Ef fer ent (ef'fer-ent), a. [Lat. ef for ex, out of, andIfero, to carry.] {Physiol.) Conveying out- ward; discharging; as, the efferent lymphatics, which convey lymph from the lymphatic glands to the thoracic duct. Efferent (Sf'fer-ent), «. 1* (Physiol.) A vessel or nerve which discharges or conveys outward. 2, A river flowing from and bearing away the waters of a lake. Ef fig I a tlon (ef-flj/i-fl//8hun), ». That which is formed in resemblance; an image or effigy. Fuller. Ef file (SffSl), ». [Fr.J A peculiar kind of fringed linen. Ef flow er (ef-flou'er), v. t. [Fr. effleurer, to graze, to rub lightly.] (Leather Manufacturing.> To de- prive skins of their ^epidermis by a concave knife, blunt in its middle part, upon the convex horsebeam. Ure. Ef flu vl al (ef-flU'vi-al), a. Pertaining to effluvia; containing effluvia. Effract ure Cef-frSk'ttlr),n. (Surg.) A fracture, with depressure of the cranial bones. Ef fran chise (ef-frSn'chlz), v. t. [Lat. ef for ear, out, and Eng. franchise.] To invest with franchises or privileges ; to enfrachise. Ef front ed t (ef-frOnt'ed or ef-frttntfed),) a. [Fr. Ef front it f (ef-frOnt'it or ef-fr&ntfit), J effron- te, brazen-faced.] Characterized by, or indicating, effrontery; frontless; brazen-faced. Stirling. Ef ful crate (ef-fiil'krat), a. [Lat. ef for ex, out, away, and fulcrum, a support.] (Bot.) Applied to buds from under'which the customary leaf has fallen. Ef fulge (ef-ffilf), v. t. pret. and pp. effuljed; ppr. effulging. [Lat. effulgeo—ef for ex, out, andfulgeo, to shine.] To cause to shine forth ; to beam forth; to radiate. 4 His eyes effulging a peculiar fire.' [R.J Thomson. Ef fin sion (ef-ftl'zhun), ». (Astron.) The repre- sentation on celestial globes of that part of the sign Aquarius in which the water is seen issuing from the urn of the water-bearer: named also fusion, London Enoy.—Effusion of gases (Chem.), the escape of gases through minute apertures into a vacuum. Ef reet (Sf'ret), n. Same as Afrit. Kingsley. Eft f (8ft), a. Convenient; handy ; commodious. Yea, marry, that's the efteat way. 8hdk. Eftt (8ft), adv. and prep. [A. Sax. asft.] After; again. Eft est + (Sfl/est), adv. superl. First; soonest. E gal t (6'gal), a. [Fr. egal; Lat. cequus, equal.] Equal. * Egal justice.1 Shak. E gal I tee t (e-g&l'i-tS), ». Equality. Chaucer. E gal 1 ty (e-gSl'l-ti), n. [Fr. egalite.] Equality. 4 Cursed France with her egalities.' Tennyson. E ge an ? (8-jS'an), n. or a. [Lafc. (Mare) Mgceum.] jEge an £ A term often applied to that part of the Mediterranean otherwise called the Archipelago. E gence (e'iens), n. [Lat.,#egens, ppr. of egeo, to suffer want.] The state or condition of suffering from the need of something; a desire for something wanted. Grote. Egg (ig), ».—Egg-apple. Same as,Mad-apple.—Eag- bag IOrnith.), the ovary or receptacle for eggs.— Egg-flip, a drink made of warm beer, flavored with a little sugar, spirit, spices, and eggs beaten with it. —Egg-glass, (a) a small glass for holding an egg at the table, (b) A sand-glass intended to run about three minutes, used to regulate the boiling of eggs. —Egg-poacher, a metallic vessel with stands to place eggs In a boiler for cooking.—Egg-sauce, a sauce prepared with eggs.—Egg-slice, a kitchen utensil for removing omelets or fried eggs from a pan.—Egg- spoon, a small spoon for eating eggs with.—Egg-trot (Man.), a cautious, jog-trot pace, like that of a house-wife riding to market with eggs in her pan- niers.—Egg and anchor, egg and dart, egg and tongue (Arch.), an ornament shaped like an egg alternating with a dart-like ornament, carved on the ovolo. It is also called the Echinus Ornament.— Will you take eggs for money ? a saying which originated when eggs were so plentiful as scarcely to have a money value. It means, 'Will you allow yourself to be imposed upon ?'—Don't put all your egg? in one basket, don't venture all you have in one specu- lation. Egg-born (Sg'born), a. Produced from an egg, as a bird; oviparous. Egg-shaped (Sg'shSpt), a. Ovate; having the shape or form of an egg. Eg gar (Sg'ar},) n. (Entom.) A name given to Eg ger (£g'er),) moths of the family Bombycidss and genera Lasiocampa and Eriogaster. The Erio- gaster lanestris is the small egger of collectors. Eg ge ba (gg'e-ba), n. A weight used on the Guinea coast, equal to half an affa or half an ounce. 287 Eg ge ment t (Sg'e-menfc), ? ». Incitement; insti- Eg gillg t (Sg'ing), j gation. Thurgh womannea eggement Mankind was borne, and damned ay to die. Chaucer. E ghen f \ (ft'ghen or g'ghen - gh guttural), n. Ey ghen f ) See Eyen. E gi lop ic al (6'jH6p"ik-al), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of egi'ops. E gi na Mar bles (e-gT^na mftr/blz),'n. pi. A col- lection of ancient statues discovered on the island of Egina, supposed to have originally decorated the temple in that island sacred to Pallas AthSnS. They are before the age of Phidias. E gls (S'jis), n. Same as Mgis. Eg la tere (6g/la-tSr), ». Eglantine. [Local.] The woodbine and eglatere Drip sweeter dews than traitor's tear. Tennyson. Eg ma (gg/ma), n. A corruption of enigma. Shak. E go-al tru is tlc(6/go-ai/tr0-!s//tik),o. Of or re- lating to one's self and to others. From the egoistic sentiments we pass now to the ego- altruistic sentiments. By this name I mean senti- ments which, while implying self-gratification, also imply gratification in otbrera. H. Spencer. E go lc al (e-gO'ik-al), a. Pertaining to egoism ; egoistical. [R.j Hare. E go ism (S'go-Izm), ». [Fr. egoisme.] Excessive self-esteem; undue appreciation or love of self. Egoistic (e'go-Istf'ik), )a. 1. Relating to E go 1st ic al (e'go-Isf'ik-al), J one's personal identity. The egoistical idealism of Fichte is less exposed to oriticism than the theological idealism of Berkeley. Sir W. Hamilton. 2* Imbued with or manifesting egoism; egotistic. E go 1st Ic al ly (e'gfl-Isf'ik-al-li), ado. In an egoistic manner: with egoism. E U° ize (S/go-Iz), v. i. The same as Egotize. £2 go pltonle (S'go-ffln"!^, a. Relating to or having the character of egophony, E gopft o ny (e-gdf'o-ni), n. [Gr. alf, ai-yos, agoat, and a voice.] (Pathol?) The sound of the voice of a person affected with pleurisy, when heard through the stethoscope: so called because it is broken and tremulous, so as to suggest the bleating of a goat: written also cegophony. E go tism (S'go-ttzm or 6g'o-tlzm), n. A passionate and exaggerated love of self, leading one to refer all things to one's self, and to judge of everything by its relation to one's interes s or Importance; undue self-appreciation; excessive self-esteem. E gran n lose (e-gran'tl-lOs), a. [Lat. e, or ea% out, and granulum% a small grain.] (Bot.) Desti- tute of granules. Egre(3/ger)t n. [A. Sax. edgor, egor, the sea, water. Akin JSgir, the Scandinavian god of the sea.] The whole body of spring-tide water moving up a river or estuary in one wave, or in a few succes- sive waves, of great height, and sometimes present- ing a formidable surge, us in the Ganges, Severn, Solway, etc. Called otherwise a Bore. Spelled also Eagre, Eager, Eger, Eygre, Higre. E gre moin f (A'gre-moln), n. Agrimony. Chaucer., E gress (e-grgs7), v. t. To go out; to depart, to' leave. [R.J E gui 86 (6-gw6yzS)f a. (Her.) Same as Aiguise. E gyp tlan (e-jlp'shan),®.—JSfri/pffon architecture, a %tyle of architecture which, among its peculiar monuments, exhibits pyramids, rock-cut temples and tombs, gigantio monolithic obelisks, and colos- sal statues. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 13.—Egyptian vulture (Ornith.), Neophronpercnopterus, one of the small- er vultures, about the size of a raven, differing from the true vultures in some particulars. Called also Pharaoh'8 Hen or Chicken. Egyptologer (S/jip-t51//o-jer),) n. Oneskilled E gy pt ol o gist (e'jip-fOl^o-jlst),) in or well ac- quainted with the antiquities of Egypt, especially the hieroglyphic inscriptions and documents. E gypt o log 1 cal (S-jIp/to-15j//ik-^l), a. Relating to Egyptology; devoted to the study of Egyptology; as, an Egyptological museum or work. E gypt ol o gy (S'jip-tOFo-ji), n. [Egypt, and Gr. Aoyos, discourse. J The science of Egyptian antiqui- ties ; that branch of knowledge which treats of the ancient languages, history, etc., of Egypt. Eht re ti a (a-rg'shi-a or e-rSt'i-a), n. [From G. p. Ehret, a famous botanical artist of last century.] (Bot.) A genus of trees or shrubs, nat. order Bor- aginacese. Eli re ti a ce se (a'te-ti-a^she-S or 8r/e-ti'-a/'6he-€), n. pi. ( Bot.) A natural order of plants including the heliotrope : so called in honor of G. D. Ehret. El, t See Ey. Ei dam (T'dam), n. A sort of Dutch cheese. Ei dent (I'dent), a. Diligent; careful; attentive. [Scotch.] Elgltt-day (St'da), a. That goes for eight days; a?, an eight-day clock. Eiglit-foil (St7foil), n. [Formed on type of trefoil.'] (Her.) A grass that has eight leaves. Elk (Sk), to. An addition; as, an eik to the Progress- ive Dictionary of the English Language. [Scotch.] Eild (61d),o. Farrow; barren; as, 4 An eild cow.* [North of Eng. and Scotch.] Eild ing (eid'ing), FueL [Scotch.] Eire (3r). Same as Jtyre. Sir TP. Scott. Chaucer. ELASMOTHERIUM El ren arcli (I'ren-ark), n. [Gr. eiprjvij, peace, aarf apxwf, magistrate.] (Greek Antiq.) A magistrate to whom the keeping of the peace was entrusted. Ei ren ic (I-rgn'ik), a. Same as Irenio. Ei rie (S'ri), n. Same as Aerie. Ei sen ralim (I'zen-ram), n. [G., iron-cream.} (Min.) The German name for hematite. Eis tedd fod (Is-tefh'fod or I'steth-vOd"), n. [W., a sitting, au assembly, as of magistrates, etc.] A meeting; an assembly or session of bards and min- strels held in Wales in ancient times. These meet- ings were revived by the Tudor sovereigns, and an- nual meetings for the recitation of prize poems and performances on the harp are now held under this name. Ejaculate (e-jflk'tl-iat), v. i. To utter ejacula- tions ; to make brief and sudden ejaculations. 1 Ejac- ulating to himself.' [R.] Sir W. Scott. Ejaculation (e-j£k/fl-ia//shun), ». (Physiol.) Expulsion of the semen through the urethra; emis- sion of the seminal fluid. E jac u la tor (e-jak^fl-iafer), n. (Anat.) A mus- cle of the penis which effects the emission of (he spermatic fluid. E jec tion (e-jSk'shun), n. [Lat. ejeclio, from eji~ ceo.]—Action of ejection and intrusion (Scots Law)» an action brought when lands or houses are violent- ly taken possession of by another, for the purpose of recovering possession with damages and violent profits.—Letters of ejection (Scots Law), letters ru- der the royal signet, authorizing the sheriff to eject a tenant or other possessor of land. Ejoo (e'jtt), n. Same as Gomuti. Eke (6k), n. Specifically, a short wooden cylinder on which a bee-hive is placed to increase its capacity when the bees have filled it full of comb. [Scotch. J Eking (Sk'ing), n. (Ship-building.) (a) A piece of wood fitted to make good a deficiency in length, as the end of a knee and the like, (b) The carved work under the lower part of the quarter-piece, at- the aft part of the quarter-gallery. Elaboratlve (e-iab^o-rat'iv), a. That elabo- rates ; tending to elaborate; possessing the power of developing or refining by successive operations, whether of nature or of art. E lab o ra to ry (e-iab'o-ra-to-ri), a. Elaborating; tending to elaborate ; elaboratlve. El ae ag na ce se (el-S'ag-na^se-S), n. pi. [Gr. e'Aaca, an olive-tree, and ayvot, chaste.] (Bot.) The- oleaster family, a small nat. order of apetalous exo- gens, scattered over the northern hemisphere. E lae o coc ca (e-lS/o-kQk//ka), n. [Gr. eAaiov, •• ive-oil, and kokkosh a berry.] (Bot.) A genus of .. phorbiaceous plants, the seeds of some of whl ?b> yield valuable oil. El ae o den dron (el-e'o-dSn'Mron), ». [Gr. eAa- ta, the olive, and BevSpov, tree.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order CelaPtracere. El SB op tene (gl'e-0p//t5n), n. [Gr. aAftiov, olive- oil, and ttttjvos, winged.] (Chem.) The liquid por- tion of volatile oils, as distinguished from the con- crete or crystallizable portion called stearoptene: written also elaopten. E lamite (5'lam-It), n. An inhabitant of Eiam or fe lan (a'lSn" or 8-lOfi), n. [Fr. elancer, to dart.] Enthusiasm; glow; zeal; ardor inspired by excite~ ment or imagination. El a net (gl'a-net or e-la^et), n. (Ornith.) A mem- ber of the genus Elanus. E la pliom y ces (gl'a-fSm^i-sez), n. [Gr. lAcwfro?, a stag, and iivkiis, a mushroom.] (Bot.) A genus of underground fungi, somewhat allied to truffles. E lap i d«e (e-lSp'i-dS), n. pi. (Zo6l.) A family of venomous serpents, the members of which are found in Africa, Southern Asia, Australia, and tropical.. America. It includes the genera Bungarus, Cobra, and Elaps. E laps (Claps), n. [Gr. eAoiff, a snake.] (ZoOl.) genus of the .family Elapf * JR. _____________„___pidffi, (which see). sion (e-J&p'shun), n. The act of elapsing. E las mo bran chl ate (e-ias'mo-brang"bi-at), a. Of or belonging to the Elasmobranchii (which, see). E las mo bran cbi i (e-]Ks/mo-brSng'/ki-I), n. pi. [Gr. eAafffiOS, a plate, and /3payxtai Rills.] (Ichth.) An order of fishes, including the sharks, dog-fishes, rays and chimsera: so named from the gills,which are* fixed, and form a number of pouches^ which open internally into the pharynx, communicating out- wardly by a series of apertures placed on the side of the neck. It corresponds closely to the Carti- laginous Fishes (chondopterygii) of Cuvier. E las n«o don (eiWs'mo-dOn), n. [Gr. cAwr/ioc, a plate, and ofiovs, ofidvro?, a footh.] (Zo&l.) A sub- genus of the genus Elephant, under which are in- cluded the mammoth and Asiatic species, the Afri- can elephant belonging to the 6ub-genus Loxodon. E las mo dus (e-ias'mo-dus), n. [Gr. eKaanos, a plate, and ofiou?, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of fos- sil placoid fishes of the family Chimoeridffl. Pictet. E las mo sau ri ans (e-ias/mo-sa"ri-anz), n. pL [Gr. e'Aacr/xos, a plate, and aavpa, a lizard.] (Paleon.) A name given to a genus of huge, marine, flesh-eat- ing sauriane, the remains of which are found in New Jersey. They belonged to the cretaceous era. E las mo the ri um (e-ias/mo-the//ri-um), n. [Gr. eAaa/mos, a plate, and 9ripiov, a wild beast.J ,3 (Paleon.) An extinct genus of mammalia, charao- / terized by the laminated structure of the teeth. f Notatzok J fl, S, I, 0,11, long; 5, 6,1, 5, fi, short; a, e, i, o,.u, obscure; f&r, f&ll, fast, c&re; On this page will "be found words, plirsisss and definitions NOT contained in cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. h6r, mOve, or; byll, tt, Fr.; ton » / the latest editions of Webster's and. Wof-ELASTIC JE 1mm tlc~(e-lff8/tik), a.—Elastic bitumen (Min.), a mineral occurring iu soft fungoid masses, with a resinoid luster, flexible and elastic.—Elastic curve (Oeom.), a curve formed by an elastic blade, fixed horizontally by one of its extremities in a vertical plane, and loaded at the other extremity. The loaded end by its gravity bends the blade into a curve.—Elastic fluids, fluids which have the prop- erty of expanding in all directions when exter- nal pressure is removed, as the air, gases, and vapors.—Elastic gum% india-rubber.—Elastic miner* al pitch( a brown, massive, elastlo variety of bitu- men.—Elastic tissue (Anat.), tissue so named frofn its fibers possessing the property of recovering their original state after being drawn out to twioe their natural length ; the elasticity being supposed to depend ou the presence of elastic. E lao tic I ty (6/las-tls//i-ti), n.—Limits of elastici- ty , the utmost limits to which elastic bodies can be oompreased or extended, without destroying their elasticity. 13 las tin ) (e-l&'tin), n. (Chem.) A body closely itS las tine ) resembling albumeu, except that it is free from sulphur, forming the principal substance of the elastic fiber which is the characteristic con* stituent of certain tissues. D latch ee (e-lftch'S), n. The Indian name of car- damoms. Bl a ter "f?l'a-ter or e-iat'er), n. [Gr. ikarffp, a driver.] (Bot.) An elastic h, t metric filament at- tached to the spores of Equisetuxu, and mixed with the spores in the capsules of JungermanniaoesB, serving to disperse the spores by ncurling. Elaterium (ei'a-te^ri-um), n. [Lat.; Qr. ^Aa- r^Hoc.] (Bof.) A term invented by Richard to de- note that kind of fruit which is found in Euphorbia, consisting of three or more carpels, consolidated when young, but bursting with elasticity when ripe. 221 a ter om e ter (gl'a-ter-Sm'et-er), n. [Gr. )Ae*Tpov, amber, and yevvato, to produoe.] A term applied to the unknown cause producing the phenomena of eleotricity. Electro-genie (e-l?k/tro-j5n//ik), \a. Of E lec tro-ge net Ic (e-16k/tro-je-n5t//ik), ) or per- taining to electro-genesis; caused or induced by electro-genesis ; as, an electro-genio condition. E lec tro-gild (e-lSk'tro-glld), v. t. To gild by means of the electric cu. rent. E lec tro-gilt (e-lgk'tro-gllt), a. Gilded by means of the electric current. E lec tro-ki net lc (e-16k't*o-kl-n6t"ik), a. Of or pertaining to electrokinetics or electricity in motion. Elec tro-ki net Ics (e-lSk/tro-ki-n6t//iks),n. [Gr. i)\eKTpop. amber, andjupew, to move.] That branch of electricity which treats of electric currents inmotion. E lec tro fiyt ic al (e-l&k'tro-llf'ik-al), a. Elec- trolytic. E lec tro-mas en lar (e-lSk'tro-mfis^ku-lar), a. Relating to muscular sensibility or reaction under the influence of electricity. E lec tron (e-lfik'tron), n. See Electrum. E lec trop a thy (S-lek-trQp^a-thi), n. [Gr. tjAck- rpov, amber, and iratfos, suffering.] (Med.) The mode of treating diseases by means of electricity. E lec tro-pby s i o log lc al(e-lSk/tro-f!z/i-o-18j//- ik-al), a. Relating to electric results produced through physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living organism. E lec tro-plat ed (e-lSk''tro-piat'ed), a. Plated or covered with a coating of metal by means of voltaic electricity. E lec tro scop ic (e-lSk/tro-sk8p'/ik), a. Of or be- longing to the electroscope; performed by means of the electroscope. Turner. E lec tro-$i! ver (e-lSk^tro-sIl'ver), v. t. To de- posit a coating of silver on, as copper or other metal, by means of voltaio electricity; to electro- EPlec tro-stat ic (e-18k'tro-stat"ik), a. Relating to statical electricity, or electricity In a state of equilibrium. E lec tro-ster e o typ Ing (e-lSk'tro-stgr^e-o- tlp/ing), n. Same as Electrotyping (which see). E lec tro-te'leg ra phy (e-16k/tro-te-16g//ra-fl or -tei^e-grftf-i), ft. The mode of transmitting mes- sages by toe ana of electricity. __ agei E let ELEOCHARIS E lec tro-ther a pen tics (e-lgk'tro-thgr'a-pi - tiks), n. sing., (Med.) That branch of therapeutics which relates to the treatment of diseases by the ~7ency of electricity. ec tro-ther man cy (e-lSk'tro-ther^man-si), n. [Gr. ijXeKTpov, amber (electricity), and OepM, heat.] That branch of electrical science which in- vestigates the effects produced by the electric cur- rent upon the temperature of a conductor, or part of a circuit composed of two different metals. E lec tro-ton lc (e-lek'tro-tBn^ik),) a. lo Ox or E lec trot o nous (S^ek-teWo-mis), > pertain- ing to electrical tension: said of the peculiar latent state of an induced conductor during the continued action of the electric current upon it. 2. Of, pertaining to, or produced by, electrofco- nicity. K3 lec tro to nic 1 ty (e-15k'tro-to-n!s;'i-ti), n. A peculiar alteration of the normal electric current of a nerve, produced by the application of a contin- uous, artificial, exciting, electric current, in a dis- tant separate part of the nerve; the excitability of the nerve within the circuit of the exciting, arti- ficial current Being diminished (anelectrotonic) near the positive, ar i exalted (cathelectrotonic) near the negative, pole. E lec tro ton ke (e-lSk'tro-ton-Tz), v. t. To alter the formal electrio current of, as a nerve. See Electbotonioity. E lec tro typ er (e-lSk^tro-tlp'er),». An electro- E lec tro typ ic (e-lSk'tro-tlp^ik), a. Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotype. E lec tro typ ing (e-lSk^tro-tlp'ing),». The act or process of stereotyping or taking copies of by means of electrotypy. E lec tro typ ist (e-lSk^tro-tlp^st), ». One who practices electrotypy. E lec tro typ y (e-18k//tro-tIp(t or S/lek-trQt//o-pi), n. The process of electrotyping. E lec trum (e-lSk'trum), ». [Lat. amber.} 1* Amber. 2» (Min.) An argentiferous gold ore or native alloy, of a pale brass yellow color. 3* An alloy of gold used by the ancients, consist- ing of a mixture of gold with a fifth part of silver. Sir T. Browne. 4« A name given to German silver plate. El ee mos y na rl ly (ei/S-m5s//i-na-ri-li), adv. In an eleemosynary or charitable manner ; by way of charity. El e gan tl ee (81'e-g£n'/shl-S), n. pi. [Lat.] Things elegant, pretty, or ornamental. El e gant-mlnd ed (81/e-gant-mlnd//ed), a. Hav- ing a refined or polished taste. El e gfi amble (el-e^i-Sm^bik), a. [Gr. eAeyetov, the meter of the elegy, consisting of a hexameter and a pentameter, and lanPos, an iambic verse.] (Proa.) A term applied to a sort of verse used by Horace. El e glze (61'e-jlz), v. t. and i. To write or compose elegies; to celebrate or lament after the style of an elegy; to bewail. . H. Walpole. E le me-fig (e-16'me-fTg), n. [Turk, eleme, picked by hand.] A superior variety of hand-picked dried figs. Element (61'e-ment), n ^-Elements of an. orbit ( Astron. ),the quantities whose determination defines the path of a planet or other celestial body, and en- ables us to compute the place of such body at any past or future epoch.—Out of one^s element, out of one's proper sphere; dealing with unfamiliar mat* ters. [Colloq.J El e ment al Ism (61'e-mSnfal-Izm), n. The theory which identifies the divinities of the ancients with the elemental powers. Gladstone. El e men tal i ty (ei'e-men-tay'i-ti), n. State of being elemental or elementary. [R.J Element art (Sl'e-mCut^ar or Sl'e-ment-ar), o. Elementary. • Skelton. El e ment a ry (SI'e-mgnt"a-ri), a.—Elementary analysis (Chem.), the estimation of the amounts of the elements which together form a compound body. —Elementary organs (Bot.), the tubes and vesicles composing the cellular and vascular tissues of giants.—Elemental~y substances, substances which ave hitherto resisted analysis by any known chem- ical means. El e ment oid (61'e-mSnf'oid), a. [Lat. element- um, an element, and Gr. elSoff, form. J Like an ele- ment ; having the appearance of a simple substance; as, compounds which have an elemenioid nature, and perform elemental Functions. E lencli fe-lSngk' or e-lSnch'), n. [Lat. elenchiis; Gr. i\ey\ovA\ov, a leaf.] (Bot.) Having only one perianth-whorl and the leaves free. Sachs. E leu the ro po ml (e-ia'the-ro-p0"ml), ». pi. [Gr. eAeuflepos, free, and irw/xa, a lid, a cover.] (Ichth.) A suborder of chondropterygian fishes, In which the gills.are free. E leu the ro sep a lous (e-lfl./the-ro-s6p//a-lQs), a. [Gr. eAevflepos, free, and Eng. sepal,J (Bot.) Same as Eleutheropetalous. El e vate (61'e-vat) , v. t. To intoxicate slightly; to render somewhat tipsy. [Colloq.] El e vat ed (el^e-vSt'ed), a. (Her.) Expanded and upright: said of the wings of a bird. El e vat ed ness (gFe-vSt'ed-nes), ». The state of being elevated. Godwin. Elevating (gFe-vSt-ing), a.—Elevating causes (Oeol.),those causes which operate in bringing about volcanoes and earthquakes, and in gradually elevat- ing portions of the earth's crust. El e va tlon (gl'e-vS^ehun), n. 1* (Trigonometric- al Surv.) Height; altitude; height above the sur- face of the earth; angular height, or angle of ele- vation. The angla of elevation of any object is the angle formed by two straight lines drawn from the observer's eye, the one to the top of the object and the other parallel to the horizon, both linep being in the same vertical plane. 2. (Arch.) The facade or front of a building. 3* (Eccl.) The raising aloft of OGe eucharistic elements after consecration. El e va tor (gl^e-va'ter), n. 1. A building contain- ing one or more mechanical elevators, especially a grain-store. [U. 8.] 2. A mechnnical arrangement for raising per- sons and goods from a lower to a higher part of a building, much employed in hotels, stores, etc.: also called lift and hoistaway. \ E lev en (e-lgv'en), n. 1. A symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi. 2o (Cricket.) The number of players (eleven) selected from the members of a club to play in a match. Elf (Slf), n.—Elf-bolt, an elf-arrow.—Elf-child, a child • supposed tc have been substituted by elves for one which has been stolen by them.—Elf-dart. Sawe as Elf-arrow.—Elf-fire, a common name for ignis fat- uus. Called also Jack o' Lantern, Kit o' the Can- stick (Candlestick), etc.—Elfkin, a little ©If.—Elf- land, the region of the elves; fairy-land.—Elf-shot. (a) Same as Elf-arrow, (ft) [Scotch.] A disease sup- posed to be produced by the agency of elves.—Elf- skin, probably a misprint for eel-skin.—Elf-stone. Same as Elf-Arrow. Elfe-quene, f n. Queen of the elves or the fairies. Chaucer. 28 9 E ltm t nant (e-ltm'i-nant), n. (Math.) The result of eliminating » variables between n homogeneous equations of any degree. Galled also Resultant. E lln gua tlon (S/ling-gwa//8hun), n. [Lat. e, for ex, out, and lingua, the tongue.] (Old Eng. Law.) , The punishment of cutting out the tongue. E lite (3-iet'). ». f A.n old Scottish term for one elected to a bishopric. E llx f (e-llks7), v. t. To extract; to refine. 4 The purest elixed juice of rich conceipt.' Marston. Ellx ir (e -lfks'er), n.—Elixir of vitriol, a mixture of 1^ fluid ounces of sulphuric acid, 10 fluid ounces of rectified spirits, £ oz. of powdered cinnamon, and 1 oz. of powdered ginger.—Elixir vitce of Mathiolus, a compound of alcohol and upward of twenty aro- matic and stimulating substances, at one time ad- ministered in epilepsy. E llz a beth an (e-l!z//a-b6th/an'/,a.—Elizabethan architecture, a name given to the mixed or debased architecture of the times of Elizabeth and James I. 111. PI. 7, Tig. 14. Elke (61k), n. (Bot.) A species of yew. Elk-nut (eik'nut), n. (Bot.) A plant, the Pyra- laria oleifera. Called also Oil-nut. El lag 1c (el-lSj'ik), a.—Ellagic aeid (Chem.) (Cu HgOg), an acid first obtained by Chevreul from gal- lic acid. El les f (Sl'les), adv. Else. Chaucer. El lip sold (el-llp'soid), n.—Ellipsoid of revolution, the surface generated by the rotation of an ellipse about one of its axes. When the rotation is about the major axis the ellipsoid is prolate ; when about the minor, the ellipsoid is oblate. Ell w&nd ) (61'wond), n. 1. A mete-yard ormeas- E1 wand £ uring rod, which in England was 45 inches long, and in Scotland 37£. 2. In Scotland, the constellation otherwise known as the girdle or belt of Orion. Called also Our Lady's ellwand. El ml dae (61'mi-dS), n. pi. (Entom.) A family of small aquatio coleopterous insects found adhering to the under sides of stones lying at the bottom of running water. Elm-wood (61m'w\}d), n. The wood of the elm- tree. Elohlst(e-or 6-10'hist), n. The epithet applied to the supposed writer of the Elohistlc passages of the Pentateuch, in contradistinction to Jehovist. The descriptions of the Elohi&t are regular, orderly, clear, simple, inartificial, calm, free from the rhetor- ical and poetical. 8. Davidson. El o hist ic (gl o-hlst^ik), a. [Heb. Elohim, God.] A term applied to certain passages in Scripture, especially in the Pentateuch, in which the Almighty is always spoken of as Elohim, supposed by some to have been written at an earlier period than those in which he is spoken of as Jehovah. The Elohistic paragraphs are simpler, more pastoral, and more primitive in their character, while the Jehovistic indicate some knowledge of geography and history, exalt the priestly character, and are generally more elaborate. Gen. i. 27 is Elohistici Gen. ii. 21-24 is Jehovistic. E loigne \ Same as Elotn, E lops (6'lops), n. (Zo6l.) Same as Elaps (which see). El rich (61yrich), a. Same as Eldrich, Eldritch. Eltchl (glt'she), n. An ambassador or envoy: a Persian and Turkish name. Kinglake. E luc tate f (e-lfik'tat), v. i. [Lat. eluctor, eluctat- us—e, out of, and luctor, to wrestle.] To struggle out; to burst forth ; to escape. Bp. Hacket. Elv an ite (Slv'an-Tt), n. (Min.) A Cornish term for dike; specifically applied to veins of a crystal- line granular mixture of quartz and orthoclase feld- spar, which cut the slates and granites, and which greatly resemble trap-dikes; it is closely related to the granites along with which it occurs. Elve (81v), n. Same as W. Elve (81v), n. [A corruption for helve.] (Mining.) The shaft or handle of a pick. Elv Ish ly (t'lv'ish-li), adv. In the manner of elves; mischievously; teasingly; with spite. Sir W. Scott. El y si a dae (61'i-sI"a-dS), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A small family of nudibranchiate (gasteropodous) molluscs, in which no trace of special respiratory organs has been detected. El y tro plas tic (gri-tro-plasf'ik), o, Of or per- taining to the operation of elytroplasty. El y tro pla£ ty (61//i-tro-plas/ti or e-lT'tro-plas'- ti), n. [Gr. f\vrpov, the channel of a river, and irAacrtru), to form.] (Surg.) The operation of closing a vesicovaginal fistulous opening by borrowing a flap from the labia or nates. El y tror ra phy (61'i- or e-lftror-ra-fi), n. [Gr. «?AuTpoj>, a sheath, vagina, and parj, a suture.] (Surg.) The operation of closing the vagina by sut- ure in cases of falling down of the womb. 'Em (6m). A contraction of them. Hudibras. Em (6m), ». (Printing.) The unit of measurement, being a type whose breadth is equal to its depth : used in compositors' work. A column of this book, containing 111 lines, is 111 nonpareil ems long and 13$ pica ems broad. The em of pica is the standard unit. E mac n late f (B-m2k(tI-lat),\p. a. Immaculate; freed from blemishes or spots. Em a na tlon (6m/a-na//6hun), ri. (Philos.) A sys- tem which supposes that all existences proceed, by successive disengagements, from one being, which is God. , EMBOIL Thia doctrine of emanation is to be found in the sys» terns of Zoroaster, the Gnostics, and Neo-Platonicians. It differs little if at all from Pantheism. Fleming. —Theory of emanation of light, same as theory of emission. / Em a na tlve ly (Sm^a-nat'iv-li), adv. In or af- ter the manner of an emanation; by emanation. Cudworth. E man cl pate (e-mSn'si-pSt), v. t. (Scots Law.) To liberate from parental authority ; as, to emanci- pate a son. E man cl pat ed (e-mSn'^i-pEt'ed), p. a. Eman- cipate ; set free; restored to liberty. E man cl pa tlon (e-mftn'si-pa^shun), n. (Scots Law.) Liberation from parental control. E mane f (e-man7), v. i. To emanate; to issue or flow from. Sir W. Jones. E mar eld (e-mftr'sid), a. [Lat. e, intens., and mar- ceo, to droop.] (Bot.) Flaccid ; wilted. E mar gl na tlon (e-mar/ji-na//shun), n. (Bot.) The condition of having a notch at the summit or blunt end; a notch at the summit or blunt end; as, the emargination of a leaf. Em bace f (em-bas'), v. t. The same as Embase. Spenser. Em hall Ing (em-b^l'ing), n. [Verb-forming pre- fix em, and Eng. The condition of being dis- tinguished by the ball or globe, the ensign of roy- alty ; promotion to sovereignty. Shak. Em ba Ion (Sm'b&l-on), n. [Gr. lv, in, and /3dAAa>, to throw.] The beak of an andient war-galley. Embarcadere (em-bar/ka-dSr), n. [Fr.] A landing-place. [R.] Em barge (em-barj'), v. t. To put on board a barge. [R.] Drayton. Em bar go (em-bar'go), n. A restraint or hind- rance imposed on anything; as, to lay an embargo on free speech. Em bar go (em-bftr'go), v. t. In a general sense, to prohibit; to stop; to restrain. [R. in this last sense.] Em bargue ment (em-bfirg/ment), n. Embargo; ' restraint; hindrance. [R.] Shak. [In many editions of Shakspere the word is print- ed embarquement.J Em bar ras (em-bSr'as), n. [Fr.] A place where the navigation of rivers or creeks is rendered diffi- cult bf the accumulation of drift-wood, trees, etc. [Anwr.] Em barren (em-bSr'en), v. t. [Em for en, verb- forming prefix, and barren.] To make barren. [R.] Feltham, Em has 1 ate f (em-bSs'i-at), n. Embassy. Sir T. More. Em bas sa do rl al (em-b&s'sa-dO'/ri-al), a. Same as Ambassadorial. Em bas sy (em'bas-si), n. A message of any kind; specifically, a solemn or important message. Touches are but embassies of love. Tennyson. Em ba te ri on (Sm-'ba-te^ri-on), ». [Gr. cm, for kv, in, and /3ai'vw, to go.] A war-song of the Spartans which they sang when rushing on the enemy. 16 was accompanied by flutes. Em bat tail (em-bSt'tai), v. t. To furnish with- battlements ; to embattle. Tennyson. Em bay ment (em-ba 'ment), n. A part of the sea closed in or embayed by capes or promontories. The embayment which is terminated by the land of • North Berwick. Sir W. Scott. Em ber*fast (Sm'ber-fast), n. One of the periods at which ember-days occur. Em ber lag-days f (6m ber-ing-daz), n. pi. The ember-days. The enibering-days and other days commonly called vigils. Hallam. Em ber 1 zf da© (Sn^ber-I-zFdg), n. pi. [Low Lat. emberiza, a bunting.] (Ornith.) A family of small birds te longing to the order Insessores and tribe Conirostres. It includes the buntings, the snow- flake, the yellow-hammer, and reed-sparrow. Em berl zl nsB (em/ber-i-zl/;n6), n. pi. See Em- BERIZID.®. Em ber-tlde (Sm'ber-tld), n. The season at which ember-days occur. Em bibe (em-bib'), v. t. To imbibe. Emblazonry (em-bia'zn-ri), n. Heraldic dec- oration, as pictures or figures upon, shields, stand- ards, etc. Trench. Em ble ma ta (em-blS'ma-ta), n. pi. [Gr.] The sculptured figures, usually made either of the pre- cious metals or of amber, with which gold and silver were decorated by the ancients. Em bll ca (gm'bli-ka), n. [The name of the plant in the Moluccas.] (Bot,) A genus of plants, nat. order Euphorbiaceee, containing a single species, E. officinalis, a native of India and of the Indian Archipelago. Em bod y (em-bQd'i), v. t. To become united into a body or mass ; to coalesce. * To embody against this court party and its practices.' "Hurke. The ideas... .embody and run into one. Locke. Em bogue (em-bOg')* v. i. [Prefix em for en, in, and O. Fr. bocque, bogue, a mouth, Fr. bouche, from Lat. bucca, the cheek, a cavity.] To empty itself, as a river, into the ocean, a lake, or another river ; to disembogue. [R.] Em boil t \ (em-boil'), v. i. To boil violently; to Em boyl t) effervesce ; to burn with rage or in-/ dignation. Spensef. Notation : a, 6,1, 0, tl, long; S, 6,1, 6, ti, short} a, e, i, o, u, obscurer; far, f&ll, f^st, cfire; h6r, mOve, or; byll, tt, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT ccatf»iTl^d in the latest editions of Webster's and W.. cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.EMBOEL Em boil t I (em-boil'), v. u Emboylf) ' To heat; to cause to burn, aa with anger; to irritate; to vex. Spenser. jEm bolte ment (ftn-bwftt-m&ii), n. [rr., the situ- ation of one box within another.] 1* (Physiol.) The doctrine, ventilated by Buf- fo i, in accordance with which generation is ex- plained by living germs which lie, as it were, one within the other, and which are detached to produce new existences. 2. {Mil.) The closing up of a number of men for the purpose of securing the front rank from in- jury. Em boldf (em-bold'), v. t. To embolden. Chaucer, Em bol ic (em-bftJ'ik), a. Same aa Embolismic. Em bo lism (8m'bo-Hzm), n. (Pathol.) The ob- struction of a vessel by a clot of flbrine, a frequent cause of paralysis, and of gangrene of the part be- yond the obstacle. Em bolls mat lc (8m/bo-liz-mfit'/ik)1 a. Embo lismatical; emboliBmic. Em bo lite (8m'bol-It\ n. (Min.) A mineral com- posed chiefly of the chloride of silver and the bro- mide of sliver, found in Chili and Mexico. Em bo Ihs (Sm'bo-lus), n. (Pathol.) A clot or plug, composed moat frequently of flbrine, which lodges in a blood-vessel, whither it is conveyed by the cir- culation of the blood. Em bound f (em-bound'), v. t. [Prefix em for en, in, and bound.j To shut in; to inclose. Shak. Em bow ment f (em-bo'ment), n. An arch ; t vault. Bacon, Em box: (em-bOks'), v. t. [Prefix em for en, in, and box. J To Inclose, as in a box ; specifically, to set or seat in the box of a theater. Emboxed the ladles must have something smart. Churchill. Em brace (em-bras'), ». Sexual intercourse} con- jugal endearment. Embraced (em-brfiat'), p. a. (Her.) Braced to- gether ; tied or bound together. Em brace ment (em-brSs'ment), n. Conjugal endearment; sexual oommerce. 4 The embrave- ments of his bed.' Shak, Em bra cing (em-brBs'ing),^. a. ( Sot.) Clasping a stem, as the lower part of a leaf. Em bra cive (em-braa'iv), a. Given to embracing; caressing. Thackeray. Em braid t (em-brad'), v. t. To braid up, as hair. Em brail (em-br&l'), v. t. (Naut.) To brail up. Falconer. Em bran gle (em-brSng'gl), v. t. [Prefix em for en, and brangle. j To mix oonfusedly; to entangle. Hughes. Embrasure (em-bra'zhtlr or em-bra-zhflr'), n. Embrace, 4 Our locked embrasures.' Shak. Em breade t (em-bred'), v. t. To bind up, as the hair, with braid. Spenser. Em breathe ment (em-brCtfc'ment), ». A breath- ing in; inspiration. [R.] The special and immediate suggestion, embrealhe- menty and dictation of the Holy Ghost. W. Lee. Em brew (em-brO'), t\ t. [Prefix em for era, and brew. ] To brew; to distill or strain. Em brew f (em-brO'), v. t. To imbrue; to steep; to moisten. Spenser. Em bring«&ays t (fim'bring-dSz), n. pi. Ember days. See Embeb. Em bro ca do (8m'bro-kfi'/d0), ». A pass in fen- cing, Halliwell. Em bro glio (em-brOl'yo or em-br01'ye-0), n. A confused or perplexed state of things; a broil; a fray. Em broid er y (em-broid'er-i), n. (Her.) A term applied to a hill or mount with several copings or rises and falls. Em broil (em-broil'), v. t. f To hroil; to burn. Dr. H. More. Em broad edf ) (em-broud'ed), p. a. Embrold- Em browd ed f ) ered. Chauoer. Em brown (em-broun'), v. t. [Prefix em for en, and brown.] To make brown; to darkest; to tan; to imbrown. Whenoe rammer suns embrown the laboring swains. Fenton, Em bry o (8m'bri-o), a.—Embryo buds (Bot.), sphe- roidal solid bodies formed in the bark of trees, and capable of developing into branches under favora- ble circumstances. I3tn bry oc to ny (8m'brl-5k//to-ni), ». [Or. eyi- /3pvop, an embryo, and xreifw, to destroy.] (Obstet- rics.) The destruction of the foetus in the uterus in cases of impossible delivery. Ski bry o gen ic (8m'bri-o-j8n//ik), a. Relating to embryogeny or the development of an embryo. Em bry og en y (8m/bri-0j'/e-ni), ». [Gr. c/ul/3pv- op, embryo, and yevvam. to produce.] (Physiol.) The formation and development of embryos; that department of soienoe that treats of suoh formation and development. Em bry o log ic » (8m/bri-o-15j/,ik), )a. Of Em bry o log ic al (8m/bri-o-lflj"ik-al), J or re- lating to embryology. Em bry o log ic al ly (gm'brt-o-Wik-al-li), adv. According to the rules of embryology. Kingsley. Em bry ol o gist (6m'bri-Al"*giist), n. One versed in the doctrines of embryology. Em bry o nal^ 8m'bri-on-&l), a. Of or relating to an embryo, or the embryo stage of an organism. * Embryonal masses of protoplasm.* Dr. Baatian. 290 Em bry o na ry (8m'bri-o-na-ri), a. Same as Em- bryonic. Em bry o na tae (8m'bri-o-na"t8), n. pi. (Bot.) A term given by Richard to plants with stamens and pistils and an embryo, including the monocotyle- dons and dicotyledons of Jussieu. Em bry ot e ga (Sm/bri-5t"e-ga), )«. [Gr. Em bry o te gl am (8m'bri-o-te"ji-um), J c/i/Bpv- of, embryo, and reyos, a roof.] (Bot.) A process raised from the spermoderm by the embryo of some seeds during germination, as in the bean. It is the hardened apex of the nucleus. E men a gogue* (e-mSn'a-gOg), n. Same as Em- menagogue. E mend er (e-m8nd'er), n. One who emends; one who removes faults, blemishes, or the like; an emendator. E. B. Browning. Em e raid (8m'e-rald), n. (Her.) The green tinct- ure in cout armor; vert. Em e raid (8m'e-rald), a. Printed with the size of type known ae emerald; as, an emerald edition.—Em- erald Isle, Ireland : so called from Its bright green verdure. The term is said to have been first ap- plied to it by Dr. Deuner in the beginning of this century in his poem called 'Erin.* Em e raid Cop per (8m"e-rald kOp'per), ». (Min.) The popular name of dioptase. Em era I dine (Cm'e-ral-dln or 8m'e-ral-dln), ». A fine green color derived from aniline. Em e.randf (Sm'e-rand), n. An emerald. Spenser. Em e rant (8m'e-rant), a. Emerald. [Scotch.] Hogg. Em e rande f (8m'e-r§d or 8m'e-roud), n. The emerald. Spenser.' E mer gen cy (e-mftr'jen-sl), n. f Something not calculated upon; an unexpected gain; a casual profit. Heylin. E mersed (e-m6rsf ),a. (Bot.) Standing out of or raised above water. Em er y-cloth (5m'er-i-kl8th), ) n. Cloth or Em er y-pa per (en/'er-i-pa'per), ) paper which has first been covered with a thin coating of glue and then dusted with emery powder by means of a sieve, used for polishing. Em er y lite (em'er.-i-llt), n. (Min.) A mineral of a vitreous luster and grayish or yellowish color, mostly composed of the silicates of lime and alu- mina. Em er y-wheel (8m'er-l-whCl), n. A wooden wheel for polishing knives, coated on the edge either with leather having a rough surface of emery pow- der glued on, or with a ring of metal consisting of an alloy of lead and tin. It is called also a Buff- wheel and Glazer. Em e to mor plii a (8m/e-to-mor"fi-a), n. (Med.) Morphia less an atom of water—a strong emetic. Em forth t(8.m'forth), prep, or adv. Even with; to the utmost of.—Emforth my might, even with my might; with all my power. Chaucer. E mic to ry (e-mik'to-ri), a. (Med.) Diuretic; that promotes the flow of urine. E mic to ry (e-mlk'to-ri), n. (Med.) A diuretic; a medicine which promotes the discharge of urine. Em i grant (8m'i-grant), a. Relating to emigra- tion or an emigrant; as, an emigrant ship. Em i gra tion (8m'i-gra"ehun), n. A body of em- igrants ; as, the Irish emigration. Em 1 gra tlon-a gent (8m/i-gra//ehun-S/jent), n. An agent whose office it is to promote or facilitate emigration, or to assist emigrants. Em i gra tion al (gm'i-gra''ehun-al), a. Pertain- , ing to emigration. Em i gr<5 (&-mS-gra), n. [Fr.] An emigrant; one of the old French nobles who became refugees dur- ing the revolution which commenced in 1789. E mil i an (e-mll'i-an), a. [From the Roman Via Emilia, an extension of the Via Flaminia, which traversed the heart of Cisalpine Gaul.] A term ap- plied to certain Italian provinces annexed to the kingdom of Sardinia in 1860. They comprised the northern part of the States of the Church (Romag- na). and ttie duchies of Modena and Parma. Em 1 nen tial (im/i-n8n/'shal or 8m'in-Sn"shi-al), a. (Alg.) A term applied to an artificial kind of equation, which contains another eminently. E mir-a lem (S'mer-ft'lem), n. A Turkish general, or one who has charge of the Turkish standards. Em is sa ry (8m'is-sa-ri), n. An outlet for water; a channel by which water is drawn from a lake; as, the emissary of the Alban lake. E mis si on (e-mlsh'un),».—Theory of emission, the corpuscular theory, propounded by Newton for ex- plaining the nature and phenomena of light. Ac- cording to this theory the sun, and all other lumi- nous bodies, have the property of sending forth, or emitting, in all directions, .exceedingly minute particles of their substance in right lines, with pro- digious velocity, and these particles falling upon the eye produoe the sensation of vision. E mlt (e-mlt'). v.t.—To emit a declaration (Soots Criminal Latv), in the case of a person suspected of having committed a crime, to give on account of himself before a magistrate, usually the sheriff, which account is taken down in writing and made use of at the trial of the accused. F,m man a el (em-m&n'u-el), n. Same as Imman- uel. Em men a gog ic (em-m8n/a-gQj"ik), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to an emmenagogue; promoting the menstrual discharge. EMULATOEY Em men o log ic al (em-m6n/o-15j"ik-al), a. [Gr. iwqvuL) the menses, and Aoyos, discourse.] (Med.) Relating or pertaining to menstruation. E mongf (e-mfing'), prep. Among. 4 The floodes emong.' Spenaer. E mor tu ale (e-mor/tu-a//le),n. [Lat. emortualis% belonging to death, from e, and mors, death.] (22. Cath. Ch.) A book containing the viatioum mass, the office for the visitation of the 6ick, extreme unction, the burial office, etc, *E mo tion al £sm (e-mO'shun-al-Izm), n. The character of being emotional, or of being subject to have the emotions excited; expression of the emo- tions ; tendency to emotional excitement. Sat. Rev. E mo tive ly (e-mO'tlv-li), adv. In an emotive manner. George Eliot. E mo tive ness (e-mCtlv-nes), n. The state or quality of being emotive. George Elict. Em pale f (em-pai'), v. t. [Prefix em for en, and pale.} To cause to become or grow pale; to blanch. No bloodless malady empales their face. O. Fletcher. Em paled (em-paid'), p. a. (Her.) A term applied to a shield in which tne arms are placed «ide by Bids, each occupying one half. The shield divided per pale, that is, by a line down the center. 111. Pi 7, Fig. 15. Em pan el ment ) (eni-pffn'el-ment), n. Same Em pan nel ment f as Impanelment. Em pan o ply (em-pSn'o-pli), v, t. [Prefix em for en, and panoply/} To invest in full armor. Tennyson. Em parch ment (em-p&rch'ment), v. t. [Prefix em for en, and parchment.] To commit to writing on parchment. Carlyle. Em pas sion atef (em-p2sh/un-at), a. Greatly affected with passion. Spenser. Em paste (em-p&st'), v. t. [Prefix em for en, and paste.] Same as Impaste. Em pat ron ize f (em-pSt'ron-Tz), v. t. [Prefix exn for en, and patronize.] To invest with the rank or character of a feudal seignior. Bacon. Em pawn (em-p&n'), v. t. [Prefix em for en, and pawn.] To put in pawn; to mortgage; to pledge ; to impawn. To sell, empawn, and alienate the estates of the Church. Milman. Em per or (Sm'per-er), n.—Purple emperor (En- torn.), the popular name in Britain of a butterfly (Apatura iris). Em per or-moth (8m'per-er-m5th), h. (Entom.} A handsome species of moth (Satnrnia pavonia) found in England. Empetracese (5m/^e-tra'/se-S), n. pi. [Gr, innerpov, a rock-plant—€/x for iv, on, and irerpos, a rock.] (Bot.) A small nat. order of thalamiflorous exogens, related to Euphorbiacese. Em phrac tic (em-frfik'tik), n. {Med.) A med- icine which, applied to the skin, shuts up the pores. Em phren sy (em-fr8n'zi), v. t. [Prefix em for en, and phrensy \ To make frenzied; to madden. [R.] Em phy ma (8m'fi-ma), n. [Gr. cv, and to produce.] (Pathol.) A tumor, including the sar- comatous, the encysted, and the bony species. Em phy teu ti ca ry (8m/fi-tfl"ti-ka-ri), n. (Civil Law.) One who holds lands by emphyteusis. Em pi dae (8mp'i-d6), n. pi. (Entom.) A group of dipterous insects, which are at the same time veg-. 'etable-feeders and carnivorous. Em pir i cism (em-pir'i-sTzm), n. (Metaph.) The belief or doctrine that r.ll knowledge is obtained from experience, or that we can obtain knowledge of facts only through experience. Empiricist (em-plr'i-slst), a. 1. Founded on empiricism: specifically— Z. (Metaph.) Same as Positive. Em pir i cu tic f (em-p!r/i-otl"tik), o. Empirical. - Shak. Em plore f (em-pl0r/), v. t. To implore. Marston. Em ploy (em-ploi'), v. t.—To employ one^s *elf^ to busy one's self; to devote or apply one's time and attention. ^ _ Em ploy ee (Sm'ploi-8" or em-ploi'6), n. [The English form of the Fr. employe, one who em- ployed, especially a clerk.] One who works for an employer or master (but rarely if ever applied to a domestio servant). Em plumed (em-plUmd'), a. Adorned with, or as with, plumes and feathers. E. B. Browning. Km pold ered (em-pfil'derdj), a. Reclaimed and brought into the condition of a polder ; brought un- der'cultivation. ; Em press-cloth (gm'pres-klQth or -klath), ». A kind of ladies' dress-goods made of wool, or with wool weft and cotton warp. Em pressef (em-prSs'), v. i. To crowd. Chaucer. Em presse ment (a.B-pr5s-m§n), n. [Fr.] Eager- ness ; cordiality; zeal; ardor. • Em prize (em-prlz'), n. Emprise. Southey. Emp ties (gmp'tiz), n. pi. (Com.) A general name for cases, all kinds of packages, bottles, casks, etc., without their contents. Em py o cele (Sm'pi-o-sSl), n. [G'r. c^ttvcd, to have abscesses, and ktJAt), a tumor.] (Med.) A term for a collection of pus within the scrotum. Em a la ble(Sm'fl-la-bl), a. That may be emulated; that may be attained by emulous efforts; worthy of emulation. 4 Some imitable and emulable good.'[R.J Leighton. Em n la to ry(8m,fl-la-to-ri), a. Arising out of em- ulation ; indicating emulation; of or belonging to emulation. [R.] "•■a ch, chain; g, go; J, Job; eg, einy ; Ox, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure ; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. gfrtr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest 3ditions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.EMULSIFY X! ran I si ty (e-mfil'd-fl), v. i. To make or form an emulsion. E m a-wren(e'mtl-r gn), n. (Ornith.) An Australian bird, the Stipiturus malachurus, of the family Syl- vladsB, so named from the tall-feathers being loose- webbed, and bearing s6me resemblance to those of the emu. . , Emydffi (6m'i-d6), )n. pi. [Gr. ifxvt, the E myd I dte (e-mld'i-dS), ) water-tortoise, and cZSof, resemblance.] (ZoCl.) A family of chelonian reptiles, comprehending the fresh-water tortoises or terrapins, and intermediate in form between the turtles and land-tortoises. IS mys (8'mis), n. [Lat., from Or. ifiv*, a tortoise. J (ZoOl.) A genus of chelonian reptiles or tortoises. •En* A suffix of common occurrence in English words, having several origins and uses. En (6n), n. (Print.) Half an ew, or half the square of the type. Dn al 1 o saur (en-51"i-o-sar/), n. Same as Enali- o8ayj~ian. E nam (e-nAm'), n. Land granted in free tenure in Hindustan. Simmonds. En am el (en^&m'el), n. Gloss ; polish. None of the hard and brilliant enamel of Petrarch in the style. Macaulay. En am el (en-Sm'el), a.—Enamel painting, or more properly pointing on enamel, an art of modern date, by which figures and other designs are painted on enameled surfaces, and are then burned in by heal- ing the whole. JEn am eled (en-flm'eld), p. a.—Enameled cards, cards on which a coating in imitation of enamel is produced. W r it ten also enamelled. En am or ment (en-Sm'or-mjent), n. The act, state, or process of becoming enamored or falling in love. Written also enamourment. En an the ma (en'an-the"ma), n. [Gr. ey, in, and avdc/xa, from &v9eu>% to flourish.] (Med.) A name given to certain eruptions of the muoous mera- branfe, on the type of exanthema, which is applied to eruptions of tfc& skin. En braude f (en-brad'), r. t. To embroider. So that ahe worken and enbrauden oonth. Chaucer. En e&e nl a (en-sfi'ni-a), n. pi. Siune as Encenia. En calendar (en-k&l'en-der), v. t. [Prefix en, in, and calendar."] To register in a calendar, as the saints of the Boman Cat hollo Church. Drayton. En cap tl vate (en-k&p'ti-v&t), v. t. To oaptivate. [B,.] En carnalize (en-kftr'nal-Iz). v. t. [Prefix en, and carnalize.} To make carnal or sensual; to sen- sualize. With shameful jest, Rncarnalixe their spirits. Tennyson. En cam tic (en-kfls'tik), a.—Encau8tio painting, a kind of painting among the ancients, in which, by heating or burning in wax, the colors were rendered permanent in all their original>splendor.—Encaus- Ho tilesv, decorated paving tiles of baked pottery. En cense t fgn'sens), n. Incense. Chaucer. En cense y (Sn'sens), v. t. To burn inoense; to burn incense to. Chaucer. En ceph al ar tos (en-«6f//al-ftr/tos), n. [Or. «y, in, cc$aA)), the head, and apros. bread.] (Bot.) A genus of Cycadace®, having cylindrical or spherical trunks, with a terminal orown of pinnate leaves, which, have coriaceous, often spiny leaflets. Enceph a II tls (en-sgf'aW'tiB), n. [Gr. aAov, the brain, and termination, Ms.] (Med.) In- ' flammation of the brain. En ceph a lop a thy (eu-s6f/al-0p//ai-thi), n. [Gr. {yxe^oAoc, brain, and waOelv, to suffer.] (Pathol.) Any disease, or symptoms of disease, which indioate brain disorders. En cepbt a Ions (en-sgfal-tts), a. (ZoOl.) Pos- sessing a distinct head ; usually applied to all the mollusc a proper except the Lamellibranchiata: op- posed to acephalous. En chair (en-eh&r')« t. To seat In a chair; to bestow authority npon; to ohair. * Thou, Sir Lance- lot, ____enchatred to-morrow.' [R.] Tennyson. En charge (en-chftrj'), v. t. pret. and pp. en- charged; ppr. encharging. [Prefix en, and charge.] To commit to the* charge of; to give in charge or trust; to.intrust to. [R.] His oonntenanoe would express the- spirit and the pcaeion of the part he was enoharged with. Jeffrey. En charge t (en-charj' ), n. An injunction; a charge. Copley's Wits, etc. En chas er (en-chfls'er), n. One who enohasee; a chaser. En check f (en-chSk'), v. t. To chequer. Sylvester, Du Bartas. En cheer f (ea-ch6r')» v. t. To enliven; to cheer. Spenser. En ehel y a (en-kSFi-a), *. pi. [Gr. a email eel.] (ZoOl.) A family of Infusoria, of very sim- ple organization. En chest (en-chSsf), v. t. Same as Inchest. Enchlrldlnm (en/ki-rfd"i-um), n. (R. Oath, Oh.) A manual containing the offices for the canon- ical hours of prayer. En chon dro ma (en-k&n'dro-ma). n. [Gr. «v, In, and » cartilage.] (Med.) A term used to designate a cartilaginous tumor occurring most fre- quently in connection with the bones or glandular etructuree. En chjr mo nl a (Sn^ki-mCni-a), n. [Gr. to pour in.] (Pathol.) A spontaneous ecchymosis 291 or extravasation of blood from some internal cause, as a violent emotion of the mind. En clpl ent (en-sTp/i-ent), n. [Prefix en, and Lat. copio, to take.] A kind of vehicle used for ren- dering medicines more palatable when administer- ing them to cattle, etc. Encke's Comet (SngkB' kOm"et), n. (Astron.) One of the periodic comets which have been ascer- tained as belonging to the solar system, revolving about the sun in about 1200 days, within the orbit of Jupiter. En clave (en-kl5v/), ». [Fr., a mortise—en, in, and Lat. clavus, a key.] 1. (Her.) Anything let into something else, es- pecially when the thing so let in is square. 2. (Oeog.) A place or country which is entirely surrounded by the territories of another power. Tbus several petty duchies and principalities are enclaves of Prussia. En clave (en-klflv'), v. t. To cause to be an en- clave ; to inclose or surround, as a region or state by the territories of another power. [Recent.] En clave merit (en-klSv'ment), n. The state or condition of being an enclave, or Burrounded by an alien territory. [Recent.] En col or (en-ktil'er), v. t. To oolor; to invest with color. 'Flowers encolored with the light.' E. B. Browning. Encolure (5ng/k0/lilr// or en-kOl'flr), n. [Fr., from en, in, and col, the neck.] The neck and shoulders, as of a horse. Carved like the heart of the coal-black tree, Crisped like a war-steed's encolure. Browning. En era tltes (Sn'kra-tlts), n. pi. [Gr. ey*parij?, moderate, self-disciplined—ey, in, and r)i form.] (Min.) A term applied to min- erals inclosed in crystals of other minerals. En do par a site (fin^do-par^a-slt), n. [Gr. eySoy, within, and parasite.] (ZoOl.) A parasite living on the Internal organs of animals, as opposed to an ectoparasite, which infests the skin. En do phlce um (Su'do-flS^um), n. [Gr. eyfoy, within, and <£Aoios, bark.] (Bot.) The -liber of bark; the inner layer, containing woody tissue ly- ing next the wood. En do plast (gn'do-plSst), n. [Gr. SvBov, within, and irAao-o-w, to mold.] (Physiol.) A rounded or oval body, bearing a close resemblance to the nu- cleus of a histological cell, embedded in the proto- plasm of the higher section (Endoplastica) of the Protozoa^ and differing slightly from protoplasm in either its optical or chemical characters, as in be- coming more deeply stained by such coloring mat- ters as hematoxylin or carmine, and in resisting the action of acetic acid better. En do plas tl «a (Sn'do-plfls^ti-ka), n. pi. (ZoOl.), The higher division of the Protozoa, distinguished \2Totation: fi, S, I, 0, ti, long; v&, 6,1. 0, ft, short; a, e, i, o, a,obscure; Or, Igll, tyrt, cftre; h6rtmOve, or; byll, 0, Fr^; ti, Fr., ton} am- On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ENDOPODITE from the other division, the M on era, by the proto- plasm having embedded in it a nucleated cell or endoplast. Eli dop o dite (en-d6p/o-dIt), n. [Gr. evSov, within, and 7rou5, 7rofio?, a foot. J (Compar. Anat.) The in- ner or nearer to the middle line of the two branches into which the typical limb of a crustacean is divided. Eii dop te ra (en-dSp'te-ra), n. [Gr. eVSoi', witbin, and irripov, a wiug.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order Composite. De Candolle. En dop tile (en-d5p'tll), a. [Gr. ZvSov, within, and jm'Aov, a feather, a leaf.J (Bot.) A term applied to an embryo whose plumule is rolled up by the coty- ledon, as in endogens. Eli do rlii zous (gn'do-rlz"^), a. (Bot.) Applied to plants in which the radicle is protected in its early stage by a eheath. En dors a ble (en-dors'a-bl), a. That may be en- dorsed. Eli dor sa tion (iki'dor-siy'shun), n. Indorse- ment. [R.] En dorse (en-dors'), n. (Her.) An ordinary con- taining in breadth one-fourth, or, according to some, one-eighth of the pale. En dor see (en dor-sG''), n. Same as Indorsee. En dorsed (en-dorst'), a. (Her.) Same as Adorsed. En do sarc (en'do-sark), n. [Gr. cVSof, within, and 7*77, a cell.] (Bot.) The fibrous cellular tissue lining aa anther. En do the 11 al (eu'do-thS^li-al), a. Pertaining to endothelium. En do the II am (gn'do-thg^li-um). n. [Gr.«/Sor, within, and a nipple.] (Anat.) A collection of- cells somewhat similar to the flat cells of the epithelium, disposed in one layer, and having their origin from the central blastodermic layer of the embryo. En doute f (en-dot'), v. t. To doubt; to fear. _ _ , , Chaucer. En drie t ? (Sn'dri), v. t. [Comp. Sc. dree or drie, En dry t ) to suffer.] To Buffer. Chaucer. End-speech t (6nd'sp6ch), n. An epilogue. En dur ance (en-dflr'ance), n. "j" Delay ; procras- tination. shah. En dur ant (en-dtlr'ant), a. Able to bear fatigue, pain, or the like. En dure (en-dflrO, v. t. f To continue in. _ „ Sir T. Browne. En dure ment f (en-dflr'ment), n. Endurance. South. En dur tng (en-dflr'ing), n. Endurance; act or condition of enduring. * Patient enduring.' Holland. En dur ing ly (en-dflr'ing-li), adv. Lastingly; for all time. Arnold. Endytef (en-dlt' or en-dot'), > v. t. [O. Fr. Endyten f (en-dit'n or en-det''n), J enditier, to instruct.] To indite ; to compose. Chaucer. E ne ci a (e-ne'shi-a), n. [Gr, qvexifc, continuous.] (Med.) A name for continued fever, including in- flammatory, typhus, and synochal fever. En ep i derm ic (5n/ep-i-derm//ik),a. [Gr. ey, in, and epidermis.'] (Med.) An epithet given to the method of treating diseases which consists in the application of. medicines, as plasters, blisters, etc., to the skin. En er get ics (gn'er-jgt"iks), n. That branch of science which investigates the laws regulating phys- ical or mechanical forces, as opposed to vital. The whole range of physical phenomena thus forms the subject of its consideration. En er gi cal (en-6r'jik-al), a. Energic. En er gi co (en-er'ji-ko), adv. [It.] (Mus.) With energy and force ; with strong articulation and ac- centuation. En er gize (gn'er-jlz), v. i. pret. and pp. ener- gized ; ppr. energizing. [From energy. ] 1» To act with energy or force ; to operate with ^igor; to act in producing an effect. %o To become energetic; to gain energy. 292 En er gy (5n'er-ji),it.—Conservation and transfor- mation of energy (Physics), the theory that the total amount of energy in the universe is always the same, though it may change its condition or mode of exhibition; conservation of force. See under Force. E ner va tive (e-n6rv'a-tlv), a. Having power to enervate; tending to enervate; weakening. [R.] E nerv ous (e-n6rv'us), a. Wanting force or nerve; enervated. [R.] Eneucli { (S-mickO, n. Enough. [Scotch.] Encugli ) He that has juBt eneuch may Roundly sleep. Ramsay. En fa mille (an fa-inel). [Fr.] In a family way domestically. Swift. En fain ined f (en-fSm'ind), p. a. [Prefix en, and famine.'] Hungry; famished. Chaucer. Eli feet t (en-fgkt7). ) p. a. Infected; tainted. En feet e f (en-fekt'e), ) Chaucer. En field Ri He (Sn'feld rl'fl), ». A rifle formerly in use in the British army. En flow erf (en-flou'er), v. t. [Prefix en, and flower.] To cover or bedeck with flowers. B. Jonson. En fo li ate (en-fO'li-at), v. t. Same as Infoliate. Eclec. Rev. En fortune! (en-for'tAn), v. t. [Prefix en, and fortune.] To endow with a fortune. Chaucer. En frame (eu-frSm'), v. t. To place, as in a frame to inclose ; to frame in. Tennyson. En fran cliise ment (en-fr&a'chlz-ment), n.- Enfranchisement of copyhold lands (Eng. Law), legal conveyance in fee-simple of copyhold tene- ments by the lord of a manor to the tenants, so as to convert such tenements into freeholds. En free + (en-frS')» v. t. [Verb-forming prefix en, and free.] To set free ; to release from captivity. Shah. En freeze f (en-frEz7), v. t. [Prefix en, and freeze.] To freeze ; to congeal. Spenser. En fyre t (en-fir7), v. t. To set on fire; to kindle. Spenser. En gage ment (en-gaj'ment), n, 1* t Adherence to a party or cause ; partiality; bias. Swift. 2» (Scottish Hist.) The name given to a treaty entered into in 1648 between Charles I., then in the hands of the Parliamentary army, and commission- ers on behalf of the moderate Presbyterians in Scot- land, whereby the latter, for certain concessions on the king's part, engaged to>deliver him from cap- tivity by force of arms. En ga ger (en-g5j'er), n. (Scottish Hist.) One of tbe party who supported the treaty called 4 the En- gagement,' and who joined in the invasion of En- gland consequent on it. See Engagement. En ga ging ness (en-gSj'ing-nes), n. The quali- ty of being engaging ; attractiveness; attraction; as, the engagingness of his manners. En gine (en-jen'jen-jln' or en'jln), n. [Fr.engin, from Lat. ingenium—in, and gigno, genitum, to be- get, to produce.] f Innate or natural ability; genius. And past them all for deep engine. Churchyard. Written also Engyn, Engyne. En gine (In sense 1. en-jen' or en-jln'; in 2. Sn^'fn), v.t. 1. f To torture by means of an engine ; to rack. And eke the hosteler bo sore engined, That they beknew hir wickednesse anon. Chaucer. To furnish with an engine or engines ; as, the vessel was built on the Clyde and engined at Green- wich. En gine-bear er (Sn//jTn-b&r/er), n. (Ship-build- ing. ) One of the sleepers or pieces of timber placed between the keelson in a steamer and the boilers of the steam engine, to form a proper seat for the boilers and machinery. < Engine-driver (Sn//jin-dr!v/er), n. One who drives or manages an engine; especially, one who manages a locomotive engine. En gi neer (gn'ji-ner'Oi n. One who conducts any scheme or enterprise with skill or ingenuity; a man- ager. En gi neer (gn'ji-ner"), v. t. 1. To direct as an engineer the execution or formation of; to perform the office of an engineer in respect of ; as, to engi- neer a canal; to engineer a tunnel through the Alps. 2» Tq work upon; to ply ; to try some scheme or plan upon. Unless we engineered him with question after ques- tion we could get nothing out of him. Cowper. 3* To guide or manage by ingenuity and tact; to conduct through or over obstacles by contrivance and effort; as, to engineer a bill through Congress. [Colloq.] En gin er f (en'jin-er), n. One who manages a military engine. 'Tis the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar. Shak. En gine ry (gn'jm-ri), n. Mechanism ; machinery; internal structure or arrangement. The enginery of the one [the English language] is too near, the idiomatic motive power of the other too distant, for distinct vision. G. P. Marsh. En gine-shaft (en'jln-shaft), n. The shaft of marine-engine wheels. En gine-tent er (gn^jln-tgnt'er), n. One who manages a steam-engine in a factory. Simmonds. En gine-turn Ing (Sn'/jm-tern'ing), n. A meth- od of turning executed by what is termed a rose-en- gine. It is used for ornamental work, such as the EKLEAGUE net-work of curved .'lines on the back of watchMC 111. PI. 7, Fig. 16. En gi nous + (en-irntis or gn'jln-os), a. f See En- gine.] 1. Pertaining to an engine.1 An enginous wheel.* Dekker. 2• Ingenious; inventive; mechanical. All tools that enginous despair could frame. Marlowe & Chapman. En gl» (an'zh§), )n. The names of two En gi houl (Sn'zhe-ii),} places near Lifege, the caverns of which contain human remains imbedded with those of animals now extinct in Europe. En gland (ing'gland), n. [A. Sax. Engla-land.1 The southern division of the island of Great Brit- ain. En glan t£ (an-glfiii-ta), a. (Her.) Bearing acorns or similar glands. En gle j (gng'gl), v. t. To cajole; to coax. *ril go and engle some broker.' B. Jonaon. English (ing'glish), n. (Print.) A size of type intermediate between great primer and pica. En glish (Ing'glish), v. t. (Billiards.) To strike a ball in 6uch a manner, that after the, first impact, the rotary motion acquired by the ball shall impel it in any desired direction. En glish-American (Ing'glish-a-mSr'i-kan), n. Same as Anglo-American. En glish-mer cu ry (Ing/glish-m6r//ku-ri), n. (Bot.) The Chenopodium bonus-henricus, a species of plant sometimes cultivated in gardens as a per- ennial spinach. Eng lis let (Sng'lis-let), n. (Her.) An escutcheon of jjretence. En gorged (en-gorjd/),jp.a.(.2fed.) Filled to excess with blood; congested. En graft a tion (en/graft-a//shun), ? n. The act En graft ment (en-graft'ment), ) or process of ingrafting ; ingraftiuent. [R.] En grau lis (en-gr&'lis), n. (Ichth.) A genus of fishes of the herring family, of which the common anchovy (E. encrasicholus) is the best known spe- cies. En great en f (en-grSt'n), v. t. [Prefix en, great and suffix en.] To make great or greater ; to aug- ment ; to aggravate. Jer. Taylor. En grossing (en-grOs'ing), n.—Engrossing-block, a sort of tool or instrument used by wire-drawers. —Engrossing-hand (Penmanship), a fair large hand used in copying deeds, records, etc. En gui ch^ (an-gS-shS), a. [Fr.] (Her.) Applied to a hunting-horn whose rim around the mouth is of a different color from the horn itself. . En gyn f >(en-jen7 or en-jln'), n. *Same as En- En gyne f ) gine. En gy scope (en'ji-sRCp), n. Same as Engiscopc. En ha loed (en-ha'lOd), p. a. Encircled or sur- rounded with a halo. [R.J E11 liaise f (en-hals/), v. t. [Prefix en, and halse, the throat.] To clasp round the neck ; to embrace. Mir. for Mags, En hanced (en-hSnst'), p. a. (Her.) A term ap- plied to any ordinary, as a fesse, bend, etc., when removed from its proper situation and placed high- er in the field. En bar mo ni an f (8n/har-m0//ni-an), a. Enhar- monical. En hedge (en-h6j')» v. t. [Prefix en, and hedge.] To surround with, or as with, a hedge; to hedge in. [R.] Vicars. En hort f (en-hort'), ) v. t.. [Prefix en, and Lat. En Iiort e f (en-hort'e).) hortor, to encourage.^ To exhort; to encourage. Chaucer. En hun ger (en-hun'ger), v. t. fVerb-forming prefix en, and hunger.] To make hungry. [R.] Enhungered to feed on innocence and life. J. Martineau. En hy dra (en-hl'dra), n. [Gr. cV, in, and v&op, water.] 1. (ZoOl.) A genus of carnivorous mammals be- longing to the family Mustelidse, sub-family Lnt,ri- nse, and consisting of only one species, the sea-otter. 2» (Bot.) A genus of composite plants ; suborder, Tubuliflorae. Eli liy drie (en-hl'drik), a. Same as Enhydrous. En hy drite (en-hl'drlte), n. [Gr. ev, in, andiiSwp, water.] (Min.) A mineral containing water. En hy drous (en-hl'drus), a. Having water with- in ; containing drops of water or other fluid ; as, en- hydrous quartz. En isle (en-IF), v. t. [Verb-forming prefix en, and isle.] To make an island of; to sever, as an island; to place alone. [Poet.] Yes: in the sea of life enisled. Matthew Arnold. En ken nel t (en-kgn'nel), v. t. [Prefix en, and kennel.] To shut up in a kennel. En ker chief (en-jser'chif), v. t. To bind or con- fine with dflcerckief. 'That soft enkerchiefcd hair.' Matthew Arnold. En ker nel (en-ker'ne!), v. t. [Prefix en, ar " " '*•- nel.] To form into kernels. En kin die (en-kin'dl), v. i. To take fire. En lace ment (en-ias'ment), n. Act of enlacing; state of being enlaced; an encircling; embracement. In fond and close enlacement. Sonthru. Enlarging (en-iarj'ing), n. Enlargement; ex- tension. En league (en-lSg7), v. i. [Prefix en, an n. The act En swath ment (en-swSth'ment), S or process of enswathing, or the condition of being swathed. Eli lei Ins (en-tgl'lus), n. [Fr. entelle, from Gr. evrekXa», to command.] (ZoOl.) An East Indian species of monkey, of the genus Semnopithecus (S. entellus). It has yellowish fur, with a face of a violoc tinge, and a long and powerful tail, which, however, is not prehensile : also termed Hoonuman or Honuman. Carpenter. En tem pest (en-tSm'pest), v. t. To disturb, as by a tempest; to visit with storm. Coleridge. En tendf (en-tend'), v. i. [Fr. entendre, to hear, to understand.] To attend. Chaucer. En tente cor di ale (an-taht kor-di-al), n. [Fr., cordial understanding.] Cordial understanding; specifically {Politics), the friendly disposition and relations existing between one government and an- other ; the evidences of good-will and justice to- ward each other exchanged by the governments of two countries. En ter (2n'ter), v. t.—To enter one's self (as.at a col- lege, inn of court, etc.), to cause one's name to be entered in the books or register with a view to be- coming a member.—To enter a bill short (Banking), to note down in a previous column of the customer's account the receipt of a bill (not yet due but paid into the bank), its amount, and the time when it be- comes due, and then carry the amount'when re- ceived iuto the usual cash column to the credit of the customer. En ter (en'ter), v. i.—To enter into one's recogni- zances (Law), to become bound under a penalty by a written obligation before a court of record to do some particular act, as to appear at the assizes, keep the peace, pay a debt, or the like.—To enter with a superior (Scots Law), to take from a superior a charter or writs by progress : said of a vassal on a change of ownership caused by death or sale. En ter al gi a (gn'ter-iU"je-a), n. [Gr. evrepa, in- testines, and aAyo?, pain.] (Pathol.) Nervous pain in the intestines; colic. En ter epi plom phal ocele(gn'ter-8p'i-plom- fSl"o-sSl), n. (jGr. evrepov, intestine, e-niirkoov, omentum, 6fi<£aAo?, navel, and ktjAtj, tumor.] (Med.) Hernia of the umbiliqus, with protrusion of the omentum and intestines. Enteric (en-tSr'ik), a.—Enteric fever, same as Typhoid fever. En ter metef (5n'ter-m6t),w. t. [Fr. entremettre— entre—Lat. inter, between, and mettre—Lat. mitteret to send.] To interpose; to interfere. A frere will entermete him [-self] everrfio. Chaucer. En ter o cys to cele (gn/ter-o-sTs//to-sSl), n. [Gr. ei'tepov, intestine, kuctti?, a bladder, and a tumor.] (Surg.) Hernia formed by the bladder and a portion of the intestine. En ter o de la (gn'ter-o-dS^la), n. pi. [Gr. Zvrepov, intestine, and 6>)\os, manifest.] (Zo6l.) The name given by Ehreuberg to a section of his class Poly- gastria. [Not now used.] En ter o gas tro cele (6n'ter-o-gas'/tro-sgl), n. [Gr. evrepov. intestine, yaarijp, the belly, and ktjAij, a tumor ] (Pathol.) A term for an abdominal her- nia. En ter o-l» chi o celet (gn'ter-o-fs^ki-o-sei), n. [Gr. evrepov, intestine, lij, a suture.] (Surg.) A suture of the divided edges of an intestine. En ter or rha gi a (Sn'ter-or-ra"je-a), n. [Gr. evrepov, intestine, and pijywfii, to burst forth.] (Pa- thol.) Intestinal haemorrhage. En ter o sar co cele (gn'ter-o-sar^ko-sSl),^ [Gr. evrepov, intestine, En tire (en-tlr'), a. 1* t Wholly devoted ; firmly adherent; faithful. . * No man had a heart more entire to the king. I Clarendon. 2* t Essential; chief. ShakJ 3. j Internal; inward; inner. Spenser J 4. (Bot.) Applied to a 6tem without branches.— Entire tenancy (Law), a sole possession in one man, in contradistinction to a several tenancy, which im- plies a tenancy jointly oi;in common with others. ) En tire (en-ttr'), n. 1* The total; the entire thing. [BJ .....................Thackeray. 2* That kind of malt liquor which is pure and unadulterated, known also as porter and stout. j En tire ty (en-tir'ti), a.—Tenancy by entireties (Law), a kind of tenure in which an estate is con- veyed or devised to a inaji and his wife during cov- erture, who are then^said to be tenants by entireties, that is, each is seized of the whole estate, and nei- ther of a part. En tit uled (en-tlt'flld or en-tl'ttlld), p. a. Enti- tled ; named; having the title of. t i En to-(6n'to). A prefix derived from Gr. evrot (en- tos), meaning inside, within. En to gas trie (Sn'to-g5s"trik), a. [Prefix ento% and Gr. yavrrjp, the stomach.] (Physiol.) A term applied to a mode of reproduction by gemmation, in which the bud is developed from the wall of the gastric cavity, as in certain Hydrozoa. En toire (en-toir'), )o. (Her.) A term analo- En toy er (en-toi'er), J gous to enaluron, but only used when the charges are things without life, as roundlets, escallops, and the like. En to mol o gise (6n'to-m51"o-jIz), v. i. To study entomology; to gather entomological specimens. Kingsley. En to mopli a ga (gn'to-mftf'a-ga), n. pi. [Gr. evrofiov, an insect, and dy, a plant.] A term properly applied to a plant growing in the interior of animal or vegetable structures. Generally, however, the term is re- stricted to those plants growing on or in living ani- mals. They all belong to the orders Algse Or Fungi. They occur both on man and the lower animals, not a few being peculiar to fish, and still more to in- sects. See Germ Theory. En to pliyt Ic (2n/to-fit"ik), a. Pertaining to, re- sulting from, or indicating the presence of, ento- phytes ; as, an entophyfic growth, Eil top ter y gold. (Sn'top-tgr'i-goid), a. [Gr. efroi, within, and Eng. pterygoid.] (Compar. Anat.) A term applied by Professor Owen to the internal pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, which is a distinct bone in the lower vertebrates. En top tic (en-tdp'tik), a. [Gr. e^ro?, within, and otttiacos, pertaining to sight.] Relating or apper- taining to the vision of objects within the organ of sight, as of the blood-vessels of the retina. Dunglison. Ell tot ic (en-tOt'ik), «. [Gr. e^ro?, within, andou?, wros, the ear.] Of or relating to the inside of the ear. En tour age (en-t3r'aj), n. [Fr.] Environs; en- closure ; a?, the entourage of a city. En toured, (en-tourd'), a. [Fr. entoure, surround- ed.] {Her.) Applied to a shield decorated with branches. [This ornament is not strictly heraldic. J En to zo al (gn'to-zCal), a. Relating to the Ento- zoa; entozoic. En to zo ol o gist (Sn'to-zo-QF'o-jist), n. A stu- dent of entozoOlogy ; an investigator of the natural history of the Entozoa. This great entozoologist [Rudolph!]. Owen. En to zo ol o gy (Sn'to-zo-Qr'o-ji), «. [Eng. en- tosoOn, and Gr. Aoyos, discourse.] That branch of zoology which treats of the Entozoa. En tr'act r-~ -> En tr'acte \ (to-trffkt), ». [Fr.] 1 • The interval between the acts of a drama. 2* A short musical entertainment in the form of a symphony, an overture, or a set of quadrilles, waltzes, etc., performed during such interval. En train (en-tran'), v. t. 1. f To draw or bring on.. Vanbrugh. 2. To put on board a railway train ; as, the regi- ment was entrained at Edinburgh and proceeded to Portsmouth: opposite to detrain. [Eng. Of recent introduction.] En train (en-tran'), v. i. To take places in a rail- way train ; as, when the troops entrained they were loudly cheered. [Eng.] En trammeled ) (en-tr3m'eld), a. Made into En tram melled ) ringlets; curled; frizzled. *Entrammeled tufts of hair.' Cotgrave. En trance (en'trans), n. 1. f The act of making one's self acquainted with a subject; acquaintance ; knowledge. He that travelleth a country before he hath some entmnce into the language, goeth to school, and not to travel. Bacon. 2. (Naut.) The bow of a vessel, or form of the forebody under the load-water line : it expresses the figure of that which encounters the sea, and is the opposite of run. En trance-hall (gn'trans-hal), n. A hall at the eutrance to a building, as to a mansion-house or castle. En trant (Sn'trant), n. One who enters; one who begins a new course of life ; one becoming a mem- ber for the first time of any previously formed as- sociation or body, as a class in a university, a pro- fession, etc.; as, the paper was too severe for en- trants. ' The entrant upon life.' Bp Terrot En treas ure (en-tr6zh'Qr). v. t. [Prefix en, and treasure.'] To lay up in or as in a treasury. [R.] _ ^ Chapman. Entreat (en-trSf), ^f-To beguile or amuse. 41 must entreat the time alone.' Shak En treat ful (en-tr€t'ful), a. Full of entreaty'. [R-] Craig. En treat mentf (en-trSt'ment), n. A- word oc- curring but once in Shakspere, which ha3 been va- riously rendered: Entertainment; conversation; favor entreated; invitation; interview; converse^ tion; favor. Set your entreatmenU at a higher rate Than a command to parley. flaw. i. 3. En tr£e (<5h-tra or ah-tr3) n. [Fr.] A name for a side dish, as a fricassee, cutlet, scallop, etc. En tre nous (&n-tr nO). [Fr.J Between ourselves En tre pas (an-tr-pa), n. [Fr.] (Man.) A broken pace; an amble. En tro py (6n'tro-pi), n. [Gr. eV, in, and rpeW to turn.] 1. Dissipation of energy ; loss of usefulness. 2» A thermo-dynamic function. 294 En trust (en-tr&sf), v. t. Same as Intrust. E11 try (fin'tri), n. {Law.) (a) The depositing of a document in the proper office or place. (b) {Scots Law.) The recognition of the heir of a vassal by the superior. E11 try-mon ey (gn^trf-mun'i), n. Money paid for entry, as to an entertainment; specifically, money paid when a person becomes a member of a society ; also, money paid by a person in order that he may be allowed to take part in a competition, as a race. En twine (en-twin'), v. i. To become twisted or twined. De Quincey. E11 ure (en-fir'), v. i. (Law.) To be available ; to hnv9 effect; to contribute. Hallam. Eli ur liy (en-er'ui), a. (Her.) A term applied to a border charged with eight animals of any kind. En vel ope (eu'vel-Op), ) n. (Bot.) One of the Envelop (en-veFup), } parts of fructification surrounding the stamens and pistils. The envelopes are formed of one or more whorls of abnormally developed leaves. En vel oped (en-vgl'upt), p. a. (Her.) A term ap- plied to charges around which serpents, or laurels or other plants, are loosely twisted. 111. Pi. 7, Fig. 18. En vel ope-nia cliine (gn^vel-Op-ma-shen'), n. A machine for cutting and folding envelopes for letters. En vel op ing (en-vgl'up-ing), p. a. (Bot.) Turn- ing or rolling inwards from the edges, as a leaf. En vel op ment (en-vel'up-ment), n. t Perplex- ity ; entanglement. It is become difficult to see any sense at all, through their envelopments. Abp% Tucker. En verd ure (en-v6rd'fir), v. t. To clothe or in- vest with verdure. E. 13. Browning. En ver meil f (en-vSr'mTl), a. Red; having a red color. 'My cheek envermeil.^ Milton. En vi ron f (en-vl'ron),odi;. About; around; on all sides. Lord Godfrey's eye three times environ goes. Fairfax. Environed (en-vl'rond), p. a. (Her.) Bound round or about; as, a Saracen's head environed about the temples with a wreath. En vis age (en-viz'aj), v. t. [Fr. envisager—en, in, and visage, face.] To look in the face of; to face ; to apprehend directly ; to perceive by intui- tion ; to recognize. To bear all naked truths, And to envisage circumstance, all calm, That is the top of sovereignty. Keats. En Vis age ment (en-vlz'aj-ment), n. The act of envisaging ; the state of being envisaged. En vynd f (en-vlnd' or en-vSned'), p. a. [Fr. en- viner, to store or furnish with vines or wine—en, and vin, wine.] Stored, furnished, or seasoned with wine. * A better envyned man was nowher non.' Chaucer. En wall (en-waP), v. t. To fortify or close with a wall; to inwall. En write (en-ritf), v. t. To inscribe; to write upon ; to imprint. Poe. E11 zone (en-zOn'), v. t. To inclose, as a zone in- closes; to surround. Prof. Wilson. E11 zo o ti a (6n' zo-C'te-a), n. pi. [Gr. eu, in, and £wov, an animal.] A term applied to those diseases which simultaneously pttack the different auimals of a country. En zo ot ic (8a'zo-8t"ik), a. [See Enzootia.] Lim- ited to the animals of a district; specifically applied, to diseases affecting the animals of a district. En zo ot ic (en'zo-&t''ik), n. A disease restricted to the animals of a district. E o an (e-O'an), a. [Lat. eous, pertaining to the dawn or the east, from Gr. >7065, ttie dawn,] Of or pertaining to the dawn ; eastern. Sir H. Taylor. E o cene (eo-sgn), n. (Geol.) A rock or stratum pertaining to the eocene epoch. E o li an ( e-G'li-an), o.—Eolian mode (Mus.), the fifth of the authentic Gregorian modes ; it consists of the natural notes A B C D E F G. —Eolian rocks (Geo/.), the blown sands of the desert and the sea shore. E ol i die (e-Qri-dC), n. pi. [Lat. JEolis, Gr. AtoAiy, a daughter of .Eolus, and e*8o?, likeness.] (Zo&l.) A family of nudibranchiate gasteropodous molluscs, with the so-called gills placed on the sides of the back, and tentacles not retractile. They are active, and ?wim freely on their backs. E o lith It (g o-lith^ik), a. [Gr. the dawn, and A100?, a stone.] (Archceol.) Of or pertaining to the early part of the palaeolithic period of pre- historic time. E o pliyte (g'o-flt), n. [Gr. dawn, and uroi/, a plant.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant found in eozoic rock«. Eo phytic (S'o-flfik), a. (Paleon.) Of or per- taining to eophytes; relating to the oldest fossilifer- ous rock1'; eozoic. E os fg'os or 6'Os), n. (Greek Myth.) The goddess of the morning, who brings up the light of day from the east; the Roman Aurora. E o sine (g'o-sln or 6'o-sln), «. [Gr. dawn.] (Chem.) A fluotesceot dye-stuff yielding a beauti- ful rose-red color: used chiefly in coloring silks. E o zo ic (S^-zO^ik), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the oldest fossiliferous rocks, such as the Lau- rentian and Huronian of Canada, from their being supposed to contain the first or earliest traces of life in the stratified systems. Page. EPICALLY E o zo on E o zo on can a den se ' (G^zO^on kSn'a-dgn"- sS), «. [Gr. ijws, day- break, dawn, and £wov, animal.] (Paleon.) The name given by Dr. Dawson of Montreal, to a sup- posed gigantic fossil foraminifer, found in the Lau- rentian rocks of Canada and in the quartz rocks of Germany. It is the oldest form of life traceable in the past history of the globe. E o zo on al (e'o-zO^on-al), a. Of or belonging to the eozoOn. Ep- (ep), .)a. [Gr. eVu] A Greek prefix signify- Ep i-(ep'i), ) ing addition, something applied to, on, upon, over, near. E pac ri da ce as (e-p5k/ri-d5'/se-S), ) ». [SeeEpx- Ep ac rid i ae (ep'ak-rld^i-e), J cius.](J3oO. A natural order of monopetalous exogens, very closely allied to Ericaceae, but distinguished by tha one-celled anthers opening by a chink. They are chiefly natives of Australia. The fruit of some spe- cies is eaten under the name of Australian cranber- ry, and they are cultivated in greenhouses for the beauty of their flowers. The typical genus is F.ca- cris (which see). Ep a crls (ep'a-kris), n. [Gr. ctti, upon, and c^-pcs, the top, in allusion to the species growing on tho tops of mountains.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants, tho typical genus of the nat. order Epacridacere. The species are shrubby plants, with axillary, white, red, or purple flowers, generally in leafy spikes. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 19. Ep a gog ic (ep/a-g8j';ik), o. (Rhet.) Of or per- taining to epagoge; inductive. Ep a nas tro phe (ep'an-as^tro-fe), n. [Gr., from e7TavaaTpeopos. J Same as Ephor. Eph y ra (ef'i-ra), n. (ZoOl.) The free-swimming or medusoid stage in the development of gome Coe- lenterata, as the Rhizostomidae. Ep i blast (ep i-blast)r n. [Gr. en-i, upon, and /3Aa<7Tos, a bud.] 1. (Bot.) A second cotyledon, consisting o€ a small transverse plate, found on some grasses. 2. (Physiol.) The upper of the two layers of cells, the under being the hypoblast, forming the blastoderm. Ep i ble ma (6p/i-blS//ma), n. [Gr. «iri', upon, and /3A7jjaa, a wound.J (Bot.) The imperfectly formed epidermis which supplies the place of the true epi- dermis in submerged plants and,on the extremities of growing roots. Ep i cal (Sp'i-kal), a. Relating to, or partaking of the nature*of, an epic ; epic. Epi cal ly (gp i-kal-i), acir. In the style of an epic. cb, c/iain, g, jro, ob; ng, sing; fb, fhen; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure; 00, food; oi, oil; ou, pound On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Die ionaries.EP1CALYX Ep ft ca lyx (gp i-ka' iiks), n. [Gr. ewe, upon, and Eng. calyx.J (But.) The outer calyx in plants with two calyces, formed either of sepals or bracts, as in mallow and poteutilla. Ep i chile (gpi-kll), )n. [Gr. e'we', upon, Ep i chil i 11 m (gp i-kll 'i-um), ) nndxeiAos,^ raar- giu, a lip.] (Bot.) The label or terminal portion of the strangulated or articulated lip of orchids. Cp i ctso ri al (dp i-kO"ri-al), a. [Gr. cjri^wpios— tn, upon, and xu>pa, country.] Of or pertaining to the couutry : rural. Local or epickorial superstition. De Quincey. Ep icli nal (ep i-kll nal), a. [Gr. e'we, upon, and t.Aivu, to recline, to bend. | (Bot.) Placed upon the n. pi. [Gr. ewe'yovoe, de- JjJjS i gones (gjyi-gOnz), ) scenda'nts.] (Or. Hist.) The seven sons of the seven Argive heroes who, 295 under the command of Adratstus, besieged Thebes: applied also to other heroes of the epic period, as the Heraclid®, and hence, to those writers who con- fine themselves to developing the ideas of the mas- ters of the classic or epic period. Ep I go nl um (ep J-gO"ni-um), n. [Gr. ewe', and yonj, the seed.] (Bot.) A membranous bag which incloses the conceptacle or sporecase of a liverwort or scale-moss when young, which is ruptured as the capsule elongates. Ep i gram ist } (gp'i-gram-ist), n. A writer of Ep i gram mist J epigrams; an epigrammatist. fR-] Jer. Taylor. Ep i gram ma tism (gp i-grSm^mat-Izm), n. The quality of being epigrammatic; epigrammatical character. Poe. Ep i graph ftc (gp'l-grSf'ik), o. Of or pertaining to, or consisting iu, an epigram or epigraph, or in- scription upon a tomb, temple, monument, 6tatue, and the like; of or pertaining to epigraphy. 'The epigraphic adjuration 'Siste, viator," Sat. Rev. 'Ep- igraph ic skill.' Sat. Rev. E pig ra phist (e-pTg'ra-fist), n. One skilled in epigraphy. 'Questions belonging rather to the an- tiquary and the epigraph ist.' Mure. E pig ra phy (e-plg'ra-fi), n. The act or*art of en- graving inscriptions, as upon rocks, etc. Ep i lep ti form (gp i-lep 'ti-form), a. Resem- bling epilepsy, Ep i lep tog e nous (gp'i-lep-tftj'e-nus), a. [Gr. €7riArjrrros, epileptic, and yeVos, birth.] Causing or produoiLg epilepsy. Ep i lep toid (gpi-lgp^toid), a. Of or pertaining to epilepsy; resembling epilepsy; as, epileptoid symptoms. Ep 1 lo guts er ) gp'i-lo-glz' er), ». One who ep- Epiloguizef J iloguizes; a writer or speaker of epilogues. Hoadley. Ep 1 ma chi nae (Sp/i-ma-kl/'n5), n. pi. (Ornith.) A sub-family of slender-billed (tenuirostral) birds of the family Upupidte, resembling the birds of par- adise in the exceeding luxuriance and brilliancy of their plumage. Ep i me ra (gp'i-mS"ra), n.pl. [Gr. ewe, upon, and (/.Tripos^ limb.] (Compar. Anat.) The lateral pieces of the dorsal arc of the somite of a crustacean. Ep i nas ty (ep/i-nSs//ti), n. [Gr. ewe', above, and yaaxos, close pressed, solid.] (Bot.) A. term imply- ing increased growth on the upper surface of an or- gan or part of a plant, thus causing it to bend down- ward. Ep i ni clan (Sp'i-nTsh"an), ci. Same as Epini- ician. Ep i ni ki an (gp'i-nf'ki-an or 6p'i-nlk"i-an), a. Pertaining to or celebrating victory. Ep i pe ripli er al (gp'i-pe-rlf' er-al), a. [Gr. ewe, upon, and Eng. peripheral.] Situated or originat- ing upon the periphery or external surface of the body; specifically, applied to feelings or sensations originating at the ends of nerves distributed on the outer surface; as, the sensation produced by touch- ing an object with the finger is an epiperipheral sen- sation : opposed to entoperipheral. H. Spencer. Ep i phe gus (go'l-fe^gus), n. [Gr. ewe', upon, and 4>vyos, the beech.] (Bot.) A genns of plants, nat. order Orobanchaceee. Ep 1 pliloe um (6p/i-fl5/,um), n. [Gr. ewe', upon, and $Aot6?, bark.j (Bot.) The layer of bark imme- diately below the epiderm; the cellular integument of the bark. Ep i phragm (gp'i-frSm), n. [Gr. ewe, upon, and pay/xa, a division, from pdcr, to break.] (Bot.) A membrane covering the mouth of the spore-case of urn-mosses, so as to close it up. Ep i phyte (ep'i-flt), n. A kind of vegetable para- site found upon animals and sometimes man; a der- matophyte. Ep i phyt ic al (?p'l,-frt"ik-al), a. (Bot.) Pertain- ing to or having the nature of an epiphyte. E pip los che o cele (e/pip-lOs 'ke-o-sei), n. [Gr. eweVAoop, the omentum, o&xeov, the scrotum, and jAtj, a tumor.] (Med.) A hernia, in which the omentum descends into the scrotum. E pip o dite (e-plp'o-dlt), n. [Gr. ewe, upon, and wous, wo£6s, foot.J (Compar. Anat.) A process de- veloped upon the basal joint or ' protopodite' of some of the limbs of certain crustacea. Ep I po di nm (gp'i-pO^di-um), n. pi. Ep 1 po» di a (gp/i-pO//di-a). [See Epipodite.] 1. (Bot.) A disk formed of several knobs or glands. 2. (ZoOl.) A muscular lobe developed from the lateral and upper surfaces of the foot of some mol- luscs. Ep i pol Ic (gp't-pBl'-'ik), a. Pertaining to or pro- duced by epipolism or fluorescence.—Epipolio dis- persion, a term applied by Sir John Herschel to the phenomena of the internal dispersion of light along the surface, and even into the bulk of luminous bod- ies. E pip o llse ) (e-pTp'o-lTz), v. t. (Opt.) To affect E pip o lize S or modify by the phenomena of epipolism or fluorescence. E pip o lism (e-plp'o-llzm), n. [Gr. ewewoAij, a sur- face, from ewe', on, and weAeev, to be.] Fluorescence. Epipterous (e-pTp'ter-us). o. [Gr. ewe, upon, and wrepop, a wing.] (Bot.) A term applied to a fruit or seed which is furnished with a broad mar- gin or wiDg where it terminates. Ep I rhi zoos (Sp'i-rTz"us), a. [Gr. ewe, upon, and pi£a, a root.] (Bot.) Growing on a root. EPIZOOTIC Ep i rot 1 (6p i-r0t or e-pI'rOt), n. A native or In- Ep I rote ) habitarft of Epirus or Lower Albania. E pir rhe ol o gy (e-plr/e-01'oi/, animal.] {ZoOl.) A term applied to those parasitic animals which live upon the bodies of other animals. The Epizoa which infest man may be divided into two groups: (a) those which live upon the surface of the skin, and (b) those which live in the skin: opposed to entozo- . On. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 21. ^ Ep i zo ot ic (gp'i-zo-8t"ik), a. [See EpizoOh.] > 1 • Pertaining to an epizoOn or the epizoa. f 2. f (Oeol.) Containing fossil remains: said of mountains, rocks, formations, and the like. Epizootio mountains are of secondary formation. Kirtcan. Notat ion ; 3, 5,1, 0, tl, long; &, 6, f, 5, ti, short; a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; far, f§ll, f^st, c&re; Mr, mOve, or; b\jll, a, Fr.; fi, FrM ton : gr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged DictionariesEPIZOOTIO . 3. The term applied to diseases prevalent among the lower animals; corresponding to epidemic among men. See the noun. Ep i zo ot ic (gp'i-zo-5t"ik), n. A murrain or pes- tilence among aaimals. It differs frtftn enzootic in not being confined to a district but prevailing at the same time over considerable tracts of country, and from epidemic in affecting the lower animals md not human beings. Foot-and-mouth disease, pleuro-pneumonia, etc., are examples of epizootics. Written also EpizoOty. E pli cate (e'pli-kat), a. [Lat. e, for e«, prlv.,and plicatus, folded.] (Bot.) Not plaited. Eponym )(fp'o-nim), n. [Or. ctti, upon, and Ep o nyme J buo^a, a name.J A name of a myth- ical personage called into existence to account for the naihe of a country or people; thus, Italus, Rom- ulus, Brutus, Scota, the names of imaginary per- sons invented to account for Italy, Rome, Britain, Scotland, are eponyms. Ep o nym ic (gp'o-nlm^ik), \ a. Of or relating E poii y mous (e-pSn'i-inus), ) to or connected with an eponym. Every country, every autonomous town, nay even many a hamlet, thus had its eponymous hero. Cbx. E pon y mist (e-pOn'im-Ist). Same as Eponym. Gladstone. E pon y my (e-p6n'i-mi), n. [Gr. eirwi/vjuua.] 1. The mode of deriving the name of a country or race from a mythical progenitor, etc. 2* A name given in the ancient Athenian records to each year after the name of the chief archon for that term. Ep opt (Sp'opt or 6'popt), n. [G*. eVoirnfc, one initiated iuto the sacred rites and mysteries of El- eusis.] One initiated into the doctrines or myster- ies of any secret system. Carlyle. E pop tae (e-pftp'te), n. pi. A name given to those initiated Into the greater sacred mysteries and rites of the Greeks. Ep ping-hunt (Sp'ing-htint), n. The Easter stag- hunt which takes place at Epping Forest in Essex for the amusement of London sportsmen. [Eng.] Ep som ite (Sp'sum-It), n. Same as Hair-salt. E qual (6'kwal), a.—Equal voices (.Mus.), an assort- ment of male or of female voices, not, however, necessarily of like register or compass, though the term should be restricted to voices of similar range. E qual-a qual (eA'kwaI-5'kwal), a. Alike. [Sc.] E qual-a qual (C'-'kwal-a'kwal), v. i. To balance accounts; to make one thing equal to another. [Sc.] Sir W. Scott. E qual i ta rl an (e-kwai'l-t^'ri-an), n. One who believes in or maintains certain opinions regarding equality. E quals-a qual8 (S^kwalz-S'kwalz), adv. In an equal manner. [Scotch.] E quale (e-kwat'J, v. t. pret. and pp. equated; ppr. equating. [Lat. aequo, cequatum, to make level or equal, from cequus, level, equal.] To make equal; to reduce to an average ; to make such correction or allowance in as will reduce to a common stand- ard of comparison or will bring to a true result; as, to equate payments; to equate observations in as- tronomy. IS qua tion (e-kwS'shun), ». (Chem.) A collection of symbols to denote that two or more definite bod- ies, simple or compound, have been brought within the sphere of chemical action, that a reaction has taken placed and that new bodies are produced. It la called an equation because the total weight of the stfbstances concerned remains the same. —Equation to corresponding altitudes (Astron.), a c >rrection which must be applied to the apparent time of noon (found by means of the time elapsed between the instants when the sun had equal altitudes, both before and after noon) in or- der to ascertain the true time.—Equation of the cen- ter (Astron.), the difference between the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse. E qua tor (e^kwa'ter), n.—Magnetic equator, aline which pretty nearly coincides with the geographical equator, and at every point of which the vertical component of the earth's magnetic attraction is ze- ro ; th6t is to say, a dipping needle carried along it remains horizontal. It is hence called the aclinic line. E qua to re al (6'kwa-t0"re-al), a. and n. Same as Equatorial. E qua to ri al (S'kwa-tO"rI-al),a.(Magnetism.) Ap- plied to a line which runs at right angles to the line$ of magnetic force in a horseshoe magnet. IE queste'kwSz), ». [Lat. a horseman, from equus, a horse.] 1. (Roman Antiq.) One of the order of Roman citizens called Equites ; a knight. 2. (Ichth.) A genus of teleostean fishes belong- ing to the family Scisenid®, represented by mem- bers found upon the Atlantic coast of tropical Amer- ica and In the Caribbean seas. E ques tri enne (S-kw6s'/tri-gn/)i n. [Spurious French form.] A female rider jor performer on horseback. Eq ui dse (Sk'wi-dS or S'kwi-dS), n. pi. (ZoOl.) The horse family, a family of quadrupeds belonging to the order Ungulata and subdivision Perissodactyla, characterized by an undivided hoof formed of the third toe and its enlarged horny nail, a simple stom- ach, a mane on the neck, and by six incisor teeth on each jaw, seven molars on either side of both jaws, 296 and by two email canine teeth in tiie apper jaw of the males, and sometimes in both jaws. E qui differ ent (S'kwi-dlf"fer-ent), a. [Lat. cequus, equal, and differ ens, different. ] ( Crystallog.) Having a common difference; having a different number of faces presented by the prism and by each summit, the three numbers forming a series in ar- ithmetical progression, as 6, 4, 2.—Equidifferent series, an arithmetical series having the difference between the first and second, the second and third, the third and fourth terms, etc., the same; an arith- metical progression. E qui dl ur nal (e/kwi-dl-6r"nal), a. [Lat. cequus, equal, and Eng. diurnal.] A term applied to the equinoctial line. Whewell. E qui lib rl um (S'kwi-lJVri-um), n. 1. (Fine Arts.) (a) The just poise or balance of a figure or other object so that it may appear to stand firmly. (b) The due equipoise of objects, lights, shadows, etc. 2» Equal diffusion or distribution, as of temper- ature, which all bodies on the earth tend to pro- duce, of the electric fluid in its natural undis- turbed state, etc. 3. Equality of influence or effect; due or just re- lationship. 4. (Politics.) Balance of power.—Stable, unstable, and neutral or indifferent equilibrium. When a body, being slightly moved out of any position in which it rests upon another body, always tends to return to its position, and, being left to itself, will roll back of its own accord into it, that position is said to be one of stable equilibrium; when the body will not thus return to its previous position, its posi- tion is said to be one of unstable equilibrium; and when a body, being moved more or less from its position of equilibrium, will rest in any of the posi- tions in which it is placed, and is indifferent to any particular position, its equilibrium is said to be neutral or one of*indifference. E qui nox (S'kwi-nox), n. Anything equal; an equal measure. [R.] 'Tis to his virtue a just equinox. Sh E qui par a ble (S/qui-p2r//a-ble or e-kwTp'a-ra- bl),a. Comparable ; that may be compared. [R.] E quip a rate (e-kwip'a-rSt), v. U [Lat. cequus, equal, and paro, to arrange.] To compare. [R.] E quip e dal (e-kwlp'e-dal), a. [Lat. cequus, equal, and pes, pedis, a foot.] Equal-footed; specifically applied to animals having the pairs of feet equal. E qui pen dent (6'kwi-p6n"dent), a. Hanging in equipoise; evenly balanced. E qui pen sate t(S/kwi-pen''s5t),v. t. [Lat. cequus, equal, and penso, pensatum, to weigh.J To weigh equally; to regard as of equal weight; to esteem alike. E qui pon der ate (S'kwi-pSn'Mer-at), v. t. To weigh equally in an opposite scale; to counterbal- ance. i More than equiponderated the declension in that direction.' De Quincey. E qui ra tion al (g/kwi-rSeh"un-al or -ra/'shun- , al), a. [Lat. cequus, equal, and ratio,a reckoning.] (Math.) Having an equal ratio: particularly ap- plied to numbers in geometrical progression which increase or decrease iij a regular manner when multiplied or divided by the same number. E qui se ta ce ae (S/kwi-se-ta//se-€), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of vascular, cryptogamous plants, with jointed hollow stems. There are over thirty species belonging to a single genus, Equieetum. They are chiefly natives of temperate regions. E qui se ta ceous (S^wi-se-ta^shus), a. (Bot.), Pertaining to the nat. order Equisetacete, or horse- tail plants. E qui se ti tes (S'kwi-se-tI//tSz), n. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil plants resembling Equisetuin, found in beds of secondary age. Eq ui son (Sk'wi-son), ». [Lat. equiso, a groom, from equus, a horse.] A horse jockey; one who manages race-horses. [Landor puts the word in Porson's mouth.] [R.] The competitors at its [Newmarket] games, their horses, their equisons, their colors. Landor. E qulsonant (e-bwls'o-nant),a. (it/us.) Sounding equally or in unison or octave. Eq ui ta ble (Sk'wl-ta-bl), n.—Equitable estates (Law), one of the three kinds of property in lands and tenements, the other two being legal property and customary property. Eq ui tes (Sk'wi-t6z), n. pi. [Lat. horsemen.] An order of Roman citizens, originally forming the cavalry of the army, and said by Livy to have been instituted by Rcmulus, who selected 300 of them from the three principal tribes. Eq ui ty (ek'wi-ti), n.—Equity of a statute (Law), the construction of a statute in accordance with its reason and spirit, and not according to the mere letter.—Equity-court, formerly one of the depart- ments of the Court of Chancery; but many equity cases may now be dealt with by all the divisions of & the Supreme Court. [Eng.')—Equity-draughtsman, ^ a barrister who draws pleadings in equity. [Eng.] —Equity-judge, a judge who tries equity cases. E quiv a lence (e-kwlv'a-lens), n. (Chem.) The quality in chemical elements of combining with or displacing one another in certain definite propor- tions ; valency. When the atomic weight is taken into account the equivalency of an element is called its atomicity.—Equivalence of force, the doctrine that force of one kind becomes transformed into force of another kind of the same value. ERINNYS E qniv a lent (e-kwiv'a-lent), v. i^Lx'o produce of constitute an equivalent to; to answer, in full pro- portion ; to get a counterpart to; to equal. J. N. Lockyer. E qui val ne (S'kwi-v&F'fl), v. t. To value at the same rate; to put on a par. W. Taylor. E qui valv u lar (S'kwi-v&lv^u-Ier), a. Same as Equivalve. E quiv o cate t (eJrwlv'o-kat), v. t. To render equivocal. He equivocated his vow by a mental reservation. Sir O. B'xck. Er« 1. The sign of the comparative degree of ad- jectives, and akin to Latin comparative termination -or, Greek -er in -eros. 2. An affix to verbs giving them a frequentative, and probably a diminutive, sense; as, swag, swag- ger ; spit, sputter ; fret, fritter; pat, patter; wend, wander. Er. 1. {Chem.) The sign of Ebium. 2* (Her.) A frequent contraction of the word ermine in armorial memoranda. E ras ure (e-ra^hflr), n. 1* That which has been erased, scratched out, or obliterated; the place where a word or letter has been erased or oblit- erated. 'Several thousands of corrections and erasures.' Home. If some words are erased (in the deed) and others superinduced, you mention that the superinduced words were written on an erasure. Prof. Menzies'. 2.f The act of razing or destroying to the foun- dation ; total destruction; as, an erasure of cities. Gibbon. E ras tian (e-rast'yan or e-rSs'ti-an). a. Pertaining to the doctrines of Erastus or his followers; char- acterized by erastianism; as, an erastian church, Er bi a (er'bi-a), n. The native oxide of erbiuni (which see). Er bi um (dr'bi-um), n. [From Ttterby in Sweden, where gadinolite, the mineral which contains this substance, is found.] (Min.) A rare metal found along with yttrium, terbium, and a number of other rare elements, in some rare minerals, as euxinite, fergusonite, and gadinolite, in which it exists as a silicate or tantalate. Its properties are but little known. Ercl& e dek. ne t (fl.rch'e-c'8k'/ne), n. Archdeacon. Chaucer. Er e bus (Sr'e-bus), n, (Entom.) A genusof large lefpidopterous insects, of the family Nocturnae. E rect (e-rSkf), v. t.—To erect a perpendicular (Geom.), to draw a line et right angles to another line or to a plane. E rec tion (e-r£k'shun), r£. l.f Elevation; exal- tation of sentiments. Sir P. Sidney. 2. (Anat.) State of a part when it becomes stiff, hard, and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the areolfe of its tissue. Dunglison. Er e mit isli (gr^e-mlt ish), a. Of or pertaining to a hermit; eremitic. Bp. Hall. Erg (6rg), n. [Gr. epyov. work.] (Physics.) Tha unit of work done by a force which, acting for one second upon a mass of one gramme (15'4 grains troy), produces a velocity of a centimeter ('2937 inch) per second. Ergasilidse (er/ga-sll"i-d5), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A family of parasitic crustaceans, of the order Siphon- ostomata. Er got ed (er'got-ed), p. a. Diseased, as rye and other grasses, by the attack the fungus Claviceps purpurea. Er icli } n* Same as Eriach. Er i ca ce *e (Sr'i-ka^se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of exogens, deriving its name from the genus Erica. It is readily known from all other orders by its anthers bursting by pores or slits at their apex, the stamens being hypogynous or epigynous, the corolla monopetalous, and the ovary containing more cells than two. E ri ce se (e-rI'ee-5), n. pi. (Bot.) A group of the nat. orderEricaceae, containing the true heaths. E ri ci us(e-rish'i-us),n. [Lat. hedgehog.] (Antiq.) A military engine full of sharp spikes, which was placed at the gate of the camp to prevent the entrance of the enemy. g^-The Hebrew word kippod is rendered ericius in the Vulgate translation of the liible, and is variously interpeted to mean beaver, hedgehog, tortoise, etc. I will make it a possession for the ericius and pools of water. isa. xiv. 23, Douay trans. Erin (6'rin or Sr'in), w. [Ir. Erin, improperly written for Eire.] Ireland. Er I na ce a dae (er'ni-a-sS^a-dS),) n. pi. [Lat. Er 1 na ce i dae (^'in-a-sS'^-de),) erinaceus, n hedgehog, and Gr. eI5os, resemblance.] (ZoOl.) The urchin or hedgehog tribe. Er i na ceous (gr'in-a^shus)^. (ZoOl.) Of or be- longing to the hedgehog family; resembling a hedge- ErTna ce us (gr'in-a"8h5-us), n. [Lat. a hedge- hog.] (ZoOl.) A genus of insectivorous mammals ; E^in^mnfe-Hn'e-um), n. [Gr.] (Bot.) The name given to numerous productions appearing on the leaves of trees and shrubs, formerly supposed to be due to fungi, but now known to be the result of a diseased state of the cuticular cells. E rin nys (e-rin'nls), > n. (Greek Myth.) One of Er ri nys (gr'ri-nis), ) the Furies; a goddess of discord ; hence, discord in general. ch, c/iain; g, go; j, Job; ng, sincr; th, //ten; th, (ftin; w, wig; wh, whig; sh, azure; oo,food; oi. oil; ou, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.EKIOCAULONEJS Er 1 o cau lo «e ae (6r/i-o-k».l0//ne-6), n. pi. [Gr. ipiov, wcfol, and KavAos, a stem.J (Bot.) A group of endogenous plants, for the most part inhabiting marshy places or the bottom of lakes, and having " the flowers collected into dense heads. • Er i o den droii (er i-o-dgn'Mrun), n. [Gr. epiov, wool, and SevSpov, a tre.e.] (Bot.) The wool-tree, a genus of plants, nat. ord6r Malvaceae There are eight species natives of America, but one belongs to Asia and Africa. 111. PI. 7, Fig. 22. Eriod.es (gr'i-O'MSz), n. [Gr. epioi/, wool, and eifio?, likeness.] (Zodt.) The name now given to the sub-genus of quadrumana Brachyteles. E ris tic f (e-rls'tik), n. Ohe given to disputation; a controversialist. ' Bp. Gauden. Erl-king (erl'klug), n. [Dan. ellerknnge. G. erl- konig, elf-king.] The English form of the name given, in German and Scandinavian poetical mythol- ogy, to a personified natural power which devises aud works mischief, especially to children. Goethe's celebrated poem lDer Erl-konig' has rendered this malicious spirit universally kuown. Er mef (Ar'me), v. 1. [A. Sax. earmian, to grieve, from earm, miserable.] To grieve ; to lament. Chaucer. Er mi liii (Sr'mi-lTn), n. Ermine. ' Fair as the fur- ry coat of whitest ermilin.' Shenstone. Er raine-moth (^r'min-mSth), n. (Entom.) A moth of the family Yponomeutidae, so called from its beautifully black and white spotted covering re- sembling the fur of the ermine. Er mines (er'mtnz), n. (Her.) The reverse of er- mine—black, with white spots. Sable, 6pots argent. III. PI. 8, Fig. 1. Ermiuites (Sr'min-Its), n. (Her.) The same as ermine, but with a single red hair on each side of the ermine spots. 111. PI. 8. Fig. 2. Er mill ois (6r/min-ois), n. (Her.) A gold field with black spots; or, spots sable. 111. PI. 8, Fig. 3. Ernt (6rn), v. t. and i. The older form of yearn. Shak. Ernestf (firmest), n. Zeal; studious pursuit of anything. Chaucer. E ros (e'ros), n. (Myth.) The Greek equivalent of Cupid. E ro sion (e-rO'zhun), n.—Erosion theory (Geol.)s the theory that valleys are dun to the wearing in- fluence of water and ice, chiefly in the form of glaciers* as opposed to the theory which regards them as the result of fissures in the earth's crust produced by strains during its upheaval. E ro sion 1st (e-rO/zhun-ist), n.- One who holds the erosion theory. See Erosion. E ro KO*den tate (e-rO'so-dCn^tat), a. (Bot.) Toothed in a very irregular manner as if bitten. Er o tet ic (5r/o-t8t'/ik), n. [Gr. cpwTijTixds, skilled in questioning, from ip» To miss; to mistake. I shall not lag behind, nor err The way, thou leading. Milton. Errabund (gr'ra-bund), a. [Lat. errabundusy from erro, to wander.] Erratic ; wandering; ram- bling. Southey. Er rani tes (er-rSn'tSz), ) n. pi. [Lat. ermns, wan- H£r rail ti a (er-r2n'phi-a), ) dering.] (ZoOl.) A suborder of annelides, commouly known by the names of sea-centipertes, sea-mice, and nereids. They have their name from the fact that they all lead a free existence, and are ne\er confined in tubes. . Er rant-knight (Sr'rant-nlt),n. Same as Knight- errant. Congreve. Er rat ic (er-rit'ik), a. — Erratic phenomena, the phenomena connected with erratic blocks. Ei* ror (Sr'ror), n. (Astron.) The differences be- tween the places of any of the heavenly bodies as determined by calculation and by observation, Erse (ers), n. and o. A name given to the language of the Irish Kelts, and sometimes, but rarely, used to designate the Keltic speech of Scotland, which is more frequently called Gaelic. !E ru bes cite (gr'u- or e-ril'b8s//it or e-rll'bes-It), n. Purple copper ; bornite.. E ru dl ate + (e-rfl'di-at), v. t. To instruct; to ed- ucate ; to teach. The skHful goddess there erudiates these. Fanahaw. E runt pent (e-rum'pent), o, [Lat. erumpens, erumpentis, ppr. of erumpo. J (Bot.) Prominent, as if bursting through the epidermis, as seen in some tetraspores. E rup tlon (e-rftp'shun), n. A burst of voice ; vio- lent exclamation. 'Bitter and passionate erup- tions.^ [R.] ' Sir H. Wotton. E rup tion al (e-rBp'shun-al), a. Of or pertaining to eruptions; eruptive; as, eruptional phenomena. B. A. Proctor. Er va len ta (6r'va-lSn"ta), n. [From Ervum Ien«, botanifcalname of the lentil.] A dietetic substance consisting of the farina or meal of the common lentil (Ervum liens). Its use is said to prevent con- stipation. Er y cin Idas (gr'i-sTn'^-de), n. pi. (Entom.) A family of small South American lepidopterous in- sects, characterized by having the fore-legs nearly rudimentary. 297 Er j tha cl nse (Sr'i-tha-si^nS), n. pi. [Gr. ipvdpos, red.] (Ornith.) The redbreasts, a sub-family of pas- serine birds, family Luscinidse. The common robin redbreast is the Erythaca rubecula. This sub-fami- ly is by some made a group of the thrushes (Turdi- dse). Er y them a tous (6r/i-thSm//a-ttisO, a. Erythe- matic ; pertaining to or producing erythema. E rytli re an (e-rlth're-an)r a. [Gr. e'puflpds, red.] Of a red color. Er yth rlc (e-rlth'rlk), a. [Gr. epvflpd?, red.] (Chem.) The term applied to an acid (C20H22O10) obtained from Roccella tinctoria and other lichens, which furnish the blue dye-stuff called litmus. Er y thri na (gr'i-thrT'na), n. [Gr. cputfpo?, red. from the color of the flowers.] (Bot.) Tlie coral- tree, a genus of tropical leguminous trees, with tri- foliate leaver, and clusters of large, usually bright red, flowers. Er y til rite (Sr'i-thrlt),*!. (Min.) A flesh-colored feldspar, containing 3 per cent, of magnesia, found in amygdaloid.. E rytli ro gen (e-rIth'ro-3en),n. [Gr.epw0po?, red, and yevvaco, to bring forth.] (Chem.) A substanoe, supposed by M. Bizzoof Venice tobe identical with the coloring matter of blood. It was discovered by him . in 1821, in the gall-bladder of a person who had died of jaundice. It was a green, tasteless liquid, which became a deep purple in nitric acid and ammonia, and when heated in the air produced a purple-col- ored vapor; also, a substance, a variety of chromo• gen, thought to be contained in flowers, and to which acids impart a red color. The name is also given to carbon disulphide, so called on account of its form- ing certain red compounds when combined with other substances. Er y tliroid (Sr'i-throid), a. [Gr. epvOpos, red, and elSos, likeness.] Somewhat red; teddish. E ryth ro phloe 11m (e-rlth'-'ro-flS'um), n. [Gr. epvtfpos, red, and 4>\oto?, bark.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical trees, nat. order Leguminoste, containing three species, two found in Africa, and the third in Erytli ro pro tide (e-rlth//ro-pr0/tid), n. [Gr. epvOpoq, red, and Eng. protein.] (Chem.) A reddish brown amorphous matter obtained from protein. Er y thro sis (Sr^-thrO^sis), n. [Gr. epu0po?, red.] (Pathol.) A form of plethora, in which the blood is rich in fibrine and in bright red pigment. E ryth rox yl e #e (e-rlth'roks-lFe-S), > , Erythrox y laceae(6r/ith-r5ks/il-a//sa-6), [Gr. ipvOpos, red, and fu'Aoy, wood.] (Bot.) A nat. order of exogenous plants, having alternate stipulate leaves, small pallid flowers, and drupaceous fruit. E ryth ro zym (e-rlth'ro-zTm), n. [Gr. epvBpos, red, and leaven.] (Chem.) A name given to the peculiar fermentative substance of madder, which has the power of effecting the decomposition of ru- bian. Es cal lo nl a (Ss^al-iO^ni-a), n* [After Escallon, a Spanish traveler in South America, who first found the species in New Granada.] (Bot.) A genus of trees or shrubs, nat. order Saxifrage®, contain- ing about forty species, natives of South America. Es cal lop > (es-kOl'up), n. (Her.) The figure ef Es cal op ) a scallop-shell borne on a shield, to intimate that the bearer or his ancestors had been at the crusades or made some long pilgrimage. Es cal lo pee (es-kOrio-pS),i?p. [Fr.] (Her.) Cov- ered, as an escutcheon, with waving curved lines, resembling the outlines of scallop 6hells, overlap- ping each other like slates on a roof. Es cape (es-kapO, n.. 1. (Arch.) ThepartofNa col- umn where it springs out of the base; the apopihyge. £• (Bot.) A plant fonud growing in a wild state, in a district or country where originally it was only to be met with in a cultivated state. Es cape ment (es-kSp'ment), n. Various kinds of escapements have been contrived ; such as the crown or verge escapement^ nsed in common watches; the anchor or crutch escapement, used in common clocks —both these are also termed recoiling escapements; the dead-beat escapement and the gravity or remon- toir escapement, used in the finer kind of clocks; the horizontal or cylinder escapement, still nsed iumost foreign watches ; the detached escapement, the lever escapement, the duplex escapement, and the pin- wheel escapement, ail used in the finer classes of watches. Es ca pef (es-kflp'er), n. One who or that which escapes. Es cape-warrant (es-kap"wt5r'ant), n. (Law.) A process addressed to all sheriffs, etc., throughout England, to retake an escaped prisoner, even on a Sunday, and commit him to proper custody. Es car (gs'ker), n. See Eskab. Es car tel (es-kar'tel), v. a. (Her.) To cut or notch in a square form, as a cross. Escartelee (es-kar/tel-S), o. (Her.) Out or Escartelled (es-k&r'teld), J notched in a square form, as a cross. , Es char (6s'ker).». See Esxab. '' *"*" Es cha to log ic al (Ss'ka-to-16j/;ik-al), a. Relat- ing to escbatology or the doctrine of last or final things. Es chaange t (es-ch&nj7 or -cbfcnj'e), n. Exchange. Chaucer. Es cheut (es-chet') n. 1* The place or circuit within which the king or lord is entitled to escheats. 2. (Scots Law.) The forfeiture incurred by a man's beiug denounced a rebel. ESTABLISHMENTARIANISM Es chew ance (es-chO'ans), ». The act of esoap> ing or avoiding; escape: avoidance. Es clan dre (es-klgn-dr), m [Fr.] A disturbance; a 6cene ; a row. Kingsley. Es clat t£ (es-klfit'S). a. jfO. Fr., from esclater, to shiver.] (Her.) A term applied to anything shat- tered by the stroke of a battle ax. Es crod (es-krfid'), w. A small cod broiled. D. Webster. Es cnara) (6s'ku-a"ra or es-kwa'ra), ». Same as Es kuara) Euscara. Es cutch eon (es-kfich'un), n. 1, (ZoOl.) The depression behind the beak of a bivalve mollusc which corresponds to the lunule or that in front of the beak. 2» A name given to the hair which grows out- ward and upward on the perinreum, above a cow's udder, and is regarded as a sign of excellent milk- ing qualities: called also milk-mirror. Esdras (ez'dras), n. [Gr. form of Ezra.] The name now given to two books of the Apocrypha, of the authorship of which nothing is known.with certainty. In the Vulgate and earlier editi6ns of the English Bibles the title is given to the book of Ezra as well as that of Nehemiah, which are respect- ively called the 1st and 2d book of Esdras, those now standing in the Apocrypha as 1st and 2d being num- bered 3d and 4th respectively. Ese ment f (gz'ment), n. Easement; relief. Chaucer, E sen f (4'sen), v. t. To give ease to; to entertain. 'To esen them and do them all honor.' . Chaucer. Es gard f (es-gard')* a. Guard ; escort. Beau. <& Fl. Es kar ) (gs'ker), n. (Oeol.) A term applied in Ire- Es ker ) land to a late geological formation in the superficial drift, generally consisting of a long line- ar ridge of sand and gravel, including pieces of considerable size. The materials are derived from the waste of till or bowlder-clay, and their arrange- ment took place probably under water over which icebergs floated, for in Sweden particularly rough erratic blocks are often deposited on the eskar. Called in Scotland a Kaim: written also Escar% •£*• cftar, Eskir. Called also JEsar, Os, and Osar. Es ki mo ) (gs'ki-mO), n. pi. Es ki mos, Es* Esquimau) qui maux (gs'ki-mOz). (Geog.) One of a tribe inhabiting the northern parts of North America and Greenland. Quart. Rev. Es kt mo-dog (Ss'ki-mG-dQg), n. (ZoOl.) One of a breed of dogs extensively spread over the north- ern regions of America and of Eastern Asia. With a team of such dogs attached to his sledge the Eski- mo will cover 60 miles a day for several successive days. E soc i dse (e-eOs'i-de^ n. pi. [Lat. esox, esocis, the.pike, and Gr. elSos, resemblance.] (Ichth.) The pikes, a family of fishes. E sod ic (e-sOd/ik), a. [Gr. c, within, and oS6t a way.] (Physiol.) Conducting influences to the spinal marrow: said of certain nerves. E so-en ter i tls (g'so-gn'ter-r'tis), n. (Gr. e phageal, (Eso- phagaan. Es O ter Ic (8s'o-t6r"ik), a. (Physiol, and Pathol.) A term applied to a series of changes or phenomena arising from causes internal and proper to the or- ganization. Thomas. Es pres si vo (ga'pree-se^ro) , adv. [It.] (Mxls.) With ardent expression. Es prlt (es-prS')i n. [Fr.] Spirit.—.Esprit de corps, a phrase frequently used by English writers to sig- nify an attachment to the class or body of which one is a member; the spirit of the body or society; the common spirit or disposition formed by men in as- sociation. -Esque (gsk). A suffix derived from the Spanish, French, and Italian, signifying style or manner v as, statuesgue, after the manner of a statue. -Ess (6s). A feminine suffix representing the Latin -ia?, introduced into the English language by the ■ Normans, and in a great measure displacing the suffix -estre, -istre, -ster. Es say er (es-sa'er), n. One who essays or attempts to do something; one who makes trial. Es sed (gs'sed), n. [Lat. essedum, from the Celtic.] (Antiq.) A two-wheeled war-chariot, first used by the ancient Britons and Gnuls. t Essence d'Orient (fis-sans dO-ryafi), n. [Fr.,tho essence of the water of pearls.] A substance of a pearly appearabce found at the ba?eof4he scales of the bleak, used to line the interior of glass bub- bles in the manufacture of artificial pearls. j Es tab lish ment a ri an (es-t&tyiish-ment-S^ri- an), o. Pertaining to or connected with an estab- lished church, or the doctrine of establishment in religion. Es tab llsh ment a ri an (es-tfib/lish-ment-&//ri- an), n. One who supports the doctrine of establish- ment in religion, or some particular established church. * /O Es tab llsh ment a rl an ism (es-t&b'lieh-ment- fl"ri-an-Izm), n. The doctrine or principle of es- tablishment in religion; support of an established church. Fitzedward Hall. Dotation : 6,1, 0, fl, long; fi, 6,1, 5, It, ehort •, a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, fall, f$8t, cAre; h6r, m&ve, or 5 brill, 0, Fr.; ft, Fr., tons, IJBF' On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ESTAMINET Es tam 1 net ( Ss-tftm-i-na ), n. [ Fr. ] A coffee- house where smoking is allowed; a tap-room. FrequentarB of billiard-rooms and estaminets. Thackeray. Es tan ci a (5s-tan'thi-a),n. [Sp.] Mansion; dwell- ing ; landed property; an estate ; a farm. [South Anier.] Estan cierd (es-tSn'thi-Sr'G), n. [Sp.J Farm- baihff ; overseer of a domain. Es tat© (es-tat'), n.—The fourth estate, the newspa- per press; journalists. Es tate (es-tat7), v. t. To settle an estate upon: to endow with an estate or other property. Estate them with large land and territory. ' Tennyson. Es ter (Ss'ter), ». (Chem.) A term proposed by L. Gmelin for a compound ether obtained from an ox- ygen acid. The term is frequently used'as a suffix. Esth er (Ssfer), n. [Per., the planet Venus.] (Theol.) Tbename of one of the books of Scripture, and of the heroine of the book. The book is held to have been written late in the reign of Xerxes or early in that of his eon Artaxerx.es Longimanua, and is supposedly some to be the composition of Mor- decai himself, the uncle of the heroine. Es tlie si om e ter (es-tlig'si-Sm^et-er or es-thS'- zi-Qmy/et-er), n. Same as JEsthesiometer (whichsee). Es the sod ic (Ss'the-sWik), n. Same as &sthe- 8odic. Es tl vage (es-te-v&zh),) n. [Fr., from estiver% to Es tlve (es-t6v), ) pack; Lat. stipare, to cram.] (Naut.) A mode of stowing or trimming vessels by pressing or screwing the cargo into the vessel by means of a capstan machinery, practiced in American and Mediterranean ports. Es toe f (as-tok), n. [Fr., borrowed from the G. 8tock=Eng. stock.} A short sword worn at the girdle by mounted soldiers. Es tollers-toil'), I n. [Fr.] (Her.) A star with E totle (a-toil'), ) six waved points ; distinguished from a mullet which has only five, and these straight. 111. PI. 8, Fig. 4. Es tot i land, (es-tftt/i-land), n. An imaginary tract of land near the Arctic Circle in North Amer- ica, said to have been discovered by John ScalvS, a Pole. 'The snow from cold Estotiland.'1 Milton. Es ton fade (es-tfl-fad), n. [Fr. etouffade, from etouffer, O. Fr. estoufer, to choke, to suffocate.] (Cookery.) A mode of stewing meat slowly in a closed vessel.—Veau it Pestoufa.de, stewed veal. Es trad i ot ( es-trSd'i-ot), n. [Gr. arpaTuuTTj?, a soldier.] (Mil.) An*Albanian dragoon or light horseman, employed in the French army in the fif- teenth and sixteenth centuries. The estradiots some- times fought on foot as well as on horseback. 111. PI. 8, Fig. 5. Es trang er (es-trSnj'er), n. One who estranges. Browning. Es trerf (Ss'tr), n. [O. Fr. estre, state, place, from estre, to be.] An inward part pf a building. 'The estres of the grisly place.' Chaucer. Es tre me ni an ( gs'tre-mS^ni-an), a. (Geog.) Belonging or relating to Estremadura, in Spain. Es tre me ni an (6s/tre-me//ni-aa), n. (Geog.) A native or an inhabitant of Estremadura. Est u a ri an (Sst/fl-a//ri-an),) o. Of or pertaining Est u a rine (fisffl-a-rln), J to an estuary; formed in an estuary. Estuary (gst/d-a-ri), a. Ofir pertaining to, or formed in, an estuary. 4 Estuary strata. Lyell. E su rt ent t (e-sfi'ri-ent), n. A hungry or greedy person. An insatiable esurient after-riches. A. Wood. E ta clsm (3'ta-slzm) ». The mode of pronounc- ing the Greek rj (eta) like ey in they, or that of the Italian long e, distinguished from Itacism, the mode of pronouncing it like e in be. E ta cist (S'ta-sist), n. One who practices or up- holds etacism. E tas ri o > (e-tS'ri-O"), n. (Bof.) A collection of E te ri o ) distinct indehiscent carpels, either dry upon a fleshy receptacle as the strawberry, or dry upon a dry receptacle as the ranuuculus, or fleshy upon a dry receptacle as the raspberry, the parts being small drupes. Et a nin (gt'a nin), n. [Ar.] (Astron.) The stir y of the constellation Draco, interesting as being the star by the observation of which Bradley was led to the discovery of the aberration of the fixed stars. Et caet e ra (et sSt'e-ra). [Lat. et, and ccetera, the other things.] And others of the like kind; and so forth ; and so on. W ritten also Et ccetera, Etcetera, and contracted etc., and &c. It i3 sometimes treated as a noun, forming the plural with s. With those that swore et cceteras. Hndibras. Etch ing-ground (6ch'ing-ground), ». The var- nish or coating with which plates to be etched are covered. Eternf >(6-t6rn'), a. Eternal; perpetual; end- Eterneff less. kEterne Apollo.» [Poet.] Keats. E ter ni za tion (e-tdr'ni-za^ehun), n. The act of eternizing or rendering eternal; the act of rrmlHng immortal or enduringly famous. Eth ei ipg (eth'el-ing), n. An Anglo-Saxon noble- man. Bosworth. E the re al i za tion ( e-th6're-al-i-za"shun), n. An ethereal or subtle spirit-like state or condition. J. Hutchison Stirling. E tlie re al ly (e-thS're-al-li), adv. In a celestial or heavenly manner. 298 E ther Ism (S'ther-Izm), n. (Med.) The aggregate of the phenomena produced by administering ether. Etherization (^ther-i-za^shun), n. (Chem.) The process of manufacturing ether. Eth ic al (gth'ik-al), a.—Ethical dative (Gram.), the dative of a personal pronoun used when the person referred to is affected by, or has an interest iu, the action described ;n the sentence. Eth i cist (gth'i-sist), ». A writer on ethics; one versed in ethical science. Eth i dene (eth'i-d6n), n. (Chpm.) An anaesthetic substance) nearly allied in composition to chloro- form. It is said to be equally efficacious and con- siderably safer than chloroform ; is pleasant to take, acts rapidly, and never produces cessation of action of the heart and respiratory system. I Eth mose (Sth'mOs), n. [Gr. ijfyxo?, a sieve.] (Physiol.) A nar e given to cellular tissue. Eth nog e ny (eth-nOj'en-i), n. [Gr. ZOvos, a na- tion, and yevvdui, to beget.] That branch of ethnol- ogy which treats of the origin of races and nations of man. Eth og ra pliy (eth-5g'ra-fi), n. That branch of knowledge which describes the moral characteristics or qualities of maa. E thol o gy (e-thOl'o-ji), n. That department of science which treats of the habits and customs pre- vailing among different races and at different stages of culture. Eth yl (eth'il or S'thil"), n.—Ethyl-carbonate of po- tassium. See Carbonate or Potassium.—Ethyl salts, salts in which the radicle ethyl plays the part of a metallic base. Eth yl am ine (6th'il-i1m/yin or e-thll'a-mtn), n. (Chem.) Anorganic base formed by the substitution of all or part of the hydrogen of ammonia by ethyl. It is a transparent, colorless fluid, inflammable in its nature, and strongly alkaline. Eth y lene (eth'i-lSn), n. (Chem.) Olefiant gas. E ti ol o gy (S'ti-61"o-ji), ». 1. (Metaph.) That branch of philosophy wl ich investigates causes. 2* (Biol.) Specifically, that department of natu- ral science which studies or inquires into causes as manifested in the structure of animals and plants. E tite (e'tlt), n. [Gr. aeto?, an eagle.] (Min.) Ea- gle-stone, a variety of bog iron. Et na (St'na), n. [From Etna, the Sicilian volcano.] A table cooking utensil, heated by a spirit-lamp. E to ni an (e-tOn'i-an). ». A schoolboy at Eton. [En?.] Etrurian (e-trtl ri-an), a. (Geog.) Of or per- taining to ancient Etruria in Italy. E tru ri an (e-tru'ri-an), n. (Geog.) Aninhabitant or native of ancient Etruria in Italy. Et ter cap (St'ter-kSp), n. An attercop; a epider; a virulent atrabilious person. [Scotch.] A fiery ettercap, a fractious ohiel, As het as ginger, and as etieve as steel. Robertson of St man. Etter-pike (St'ter-plk), n. (Ichth.) Tbe lesser weever or sting-fish (Ti-achinus vipera). Et ter-pyle (et'ter-pll), n. (Ichth.) A fish men- tioned by SibbalJ, probably the etter-pike. Et tie (et'tl), v. t. [Icel. cetla, elta, to think, to de- termine.] To aim; to take aim at any object; to make an attempt; to propose ; to intend. [Scotch.] Et tie (ft'tl), v.,i. To intend ; to expect. [Scotch.] Et tie (St'tl), n. Intention; intent; aim. [Scotch.] f And flc w at Tam wi* furious ettle. Burns. E tude (5-tiid), n. [Fr., from LaL studium.'} (Fine -4Ws.and Mus. \ A composition designed to serve as a study. Etwee (et-we')* n. A pocket case for small arti- cles, such as needles, pins, etc.; a ladies' reticule. Written also etui. E tym ic (e-tmrlk), a. Of or pertaining to the ety- mon or primitive form of a word. Et y mon (et'i-mon),n. The original or fundamen- tal Rense ; the primary or root meaning. Coleridge. E typ ic al (e-tTp'i-kal),a. (Biol.) Diverging from or not conforming to a type; exceptional in charac- ter. Eu cal yn (fl'kal-Tn), ». (Chem.) (CflHi206.) A non-fermentescible, sweetish, syrupy body, got in the fermentation of melitose (the sugar of Eucalyp- tus). It is dextro-rotatory and reduces copper salts like sugar. Eu che lai on (fl/ke-ia',on), n. [Gr.. the oil of prayer—evxrj, a prayer, and eAaiov, oil.] {Greek Ch.) Tfye oil with which a penitent consciou n of any mortal sin is anointed by the archbishop or bishop, assisted by seven priests, in order to gain absolu- tion. The anointing is preceded and followed by prayer. The ceremony is called the sacrament of euchelaion. Eu chl rus (u-kT'rus), n. [Gr. e5, well, and x«P, the hand.] (Entom.) A remarkable genua of East Indian lamellicorn beetles. \ Eu chlan i do ta (i^klan-i-dO^ta), n*pl. [Gr. e5, well, and x*a"is« an upper garment.] (ZoOl.) A family of Rotifera or wheel-animalcules, furnished with a carapace, and with a multiple rotatory organ divided into more than two lobes. Eu chre (fl'ker), v. t. In the game of euchre, to defeat the person who makes the trump, orvtakes up the trump card ; hence, to get the best of any one in a bargain or scheme; to foil; to defeat; to baf- fle. [Slang.] Eu dae mon ) (fl-dS'tnon), n. [Gr. e5, well, and Eu de mon > 5a.iy.oiv, a spirit. J A good angel or spirit. Southey. EUPATORY Eu dae mon les ) (tl/de-m8n'/iks), n. sing. [Gr, Eu de mon ics J ev&ai/jioiv, happy.] The science of happiness; that branch of ethics which treats of happiness. Eu dae mon ist) (tl-dS'mon-ist), n. A believer in Eu de mon ist y eudaemonism, or that system of philosophy which considers happiness as the chief good ; one who studies his own personal happiness. I am too much of a evdemonistI hanker too much after a state of happiness both for myself and others. De Quincey. Eu dae mon ist ie ) (fl-d5/mon-Ist//ik), a. Of or Eu de mon ist ic ) pertaining to Eudaemonism (which see). Eu dy al ite (tUdFal-It), n. Same as Eudialite. Eu em er ism ) (Q-Sm7 or -hgm'er-Izm), ». [Aft- Eu hem er ism ) er Euemeros, an early Greek student of, or speculator on, polytheistic mythol- ogy.] The doctrine that polytheistic mythology arose exclusively, or in the main, out of the deifi- cation of dead heroes; the system of mythological interpretation which rcduces the gods to the level of distinguished men, and so regards the myths as founded on real histories. ' Sat. Rev. Eu em er ist ) (tl-gm' or -hSm er-ist), n. A be- Eu hem er ist) liever in the doctrine of eueca- erism. Eu em er ist ) (fl-Sni' or -hSm'er-ist), a. Euem- Eu hem er ist) eristic. Eu em er ist ic ) fl-gm' or -hgm'er-Isf'ik),®. Of Euhemeristic) or belonging td euemerism; as, euheineristic historians. Eu em er ist ic al ly ) Q-Sm' or -hgm'er-Tst^ik- Eu hem er ist ic al ly ) Sl'li), adv. After the manner of Eu?meros; rationalistically; as, to ex- plain a myth euemeristically. Euemerize Mfl-gm' or -hSm'er-Tz^, v.t. To Eu hem er ize ) treat or explain in the manner of Euemeros ; to treat or explain rationalistically ; as, to euemerize a myth, that is, to explain it as be- ing founded.on a basis of history. Euemerize Hfl-^rn'or -hem er-Iz), v.i. To- Eu hem er ize ) believe in or practice euemer- ism; to treat or explain myths euemeristically. Eu ge ne» ic (fl'je-m s^ik^a. Same as Eugenetic. Eu gen e sis (Q-jen'e-sis), n. [Gr. eu, well, and yeveaX6. t. To make euphemist- ic ; to express by a euphemism, or in affectedly deli- cate or refined language. Eu plie mfze (u'fe-mlz), v. i. To use euphemism; to express one's self in an affectedly fine style: to euphuise. Kingsley. En plion (fl'fOn). to. Same as Euphonon. Eu plio ni a (il-fO'ni-a), n. {Ornith.) A genus of insessorial birds, allied to the tanagers. E. jamai- ca is the blue quit or blue sparrow of the West In- dies. En pho nl um (tl-fO'ni-um), n. [Gr. e3, well, and (/xjji'jj, sound.] {Mus.) A bra-s bdss instrument gen- erally introduced into military bands, but frequent- ly met with in the orchestra as a substitute for the bass trombone, with the tone of which, however, it has not the slightest affinity. It is tuned on C or on B flat, and is furnished with three or four valves or pistons. Eu plior bi a ce se (tUfor/bW/se-5), n. pi. (Boi.) A nat. order of exogenous plants, consisting of herbs, shrubs, or very large trees. They occur in all regions of the globe except the arctic. The flow- ers are unisexual, and the fruit tricoccous. Eu phrfe nics (ti-frS'niks), in. pi. [Gr. eupaivw, Eu phren ics (fl-frgn'iks), ) to cheer; to make merry.] A name given to such liquors as stimulate the brain, as brandy, wine, beer, etc. [E]. Eu pliran tics (ii-frSn'tiks), n. pi. [Gr. cvp*vrt- icos, cheering.] Same as Euphrccnics. Eu pJhro e (Q'frO-e), n. {Naut.) A circular piece of wood with holes in it through which small lines are rove forming a crowfoot, by which an awning is suspended. Written also Uphroe, Uvrou. Eu phu ism (fi'ffl-izm), n. This term isi derived from the name of the hero of two works by John Lyly, viz., Eupliues, the Anatomy of Wit, 1579, and Euphues and his England, 1580, written in a strange ornate and affected style, which became fashion- able at the eourt of Elizabeth. Euphues is the Gr. ev$vifc„ well-shaped, goodly, elegant,—eC, well, and ujj, growth, stature. Eu phu Ize (fl'fG-Iz), v. i. To express one's self by a euphuism ; to express one's self in an affected- ly fine and delicate manner; to euphemize. Eu prac tic (fl-pfSk'tik), a. [Gr. eu, well, and irpd(TCa, from eu- Tpo$o?, healthy—eu, well, and rpe^w, to nourish.] {Pathol.) A sound healthy nutrition; a healthy state of the nutritive organs. °» Eu tych i an (u-tlk'i-an), a. 'Of or pertaining to Eutychius. Eux ine (flks'In), to. [Gr. eufeivo?, kind to stran- gers, hospitable—eu, well, and £eli>os, a guest.] (Oeog.) The sea between Russia and Asia Minor; the Black' Sea. Evacuation (e-vSk'u-S^shun), n.—Evacuation day, the annual celebration of the day on which the city of New York was evacuated by the British ar- my, Nov. 25, 1783. Evaluate (e-vSl'u-St), v. t. To value; to ap- praise ; to rate ; to determine the*value of. E val u a tion (e-val/u-a//shun), to. [Fr. evalua- tion; Low Lat. evalvatio.] Exhaustive valuation or apprizement; estimate determined by experiment or investigation. [R.] The foundation must be laid for an evaluation of the chances. J. S. Mill. Evangelist (e-v&n'jel-ist), n. 1* In the New Testament, one of an order of men in the early Church who appear to have been a kind of mission- ary preachers. Acts xxi. 8; 2 Tim. iv. 6; Eph. iv. 11. 2. A term applied at the preset time to an itin- erant preacher or layman who labors for revivals of religion, and urges people to repentance and the. adoption of the Christian faith ; a revivalist. E van 1 a dse (S'van-F'a-de), n. pi. {Entom.) A small family of hymenopterous parasitical insects; typical genus, Evania. E. appendigaster attaches itself to the cockroach. Ev a nl tion (6v/a-nlsh//un), n. The act of van- ishing or state of having vanished; evanishment. Car lyle. E vap o ra tion (e-vSp'o-ra^shun), to. The mat- ter evaporated or discharged; vapor. 'The evap- orations of a vindictive epirit.' Howell. Eve (Sv), n. The day or the latter part of the day before a church festival; the evening, night, vigil, or fast before a holiday; as, Christmas Eve. Let the immediate preceding day be kept as the eve to this great feast. Bp. Duppa. Ev eckef (8v'ek}, 7 to. [Probably from ibex.] A Ev icke f (8v'ik), > species of wild goat. Chapman. E yec tion (e-vSk'shun), to.—Evection of heat, an old term for the diffusion of heated particles through a fluid iu the process of heating it; convection. E vem er-ism (e-v6m'er-Izm), n. Same as Euem- erism. E ven (S'vn), o. 1. t Equal in rank or station; fel- low. 4 His even servant fell down and prayed him.' Wicliffe. 2% Full; complete. Shale.—To make even with, to square accounts with ; to leave nothing owing to. G. Herbert.—To bear one's self even, + to behave with equanimity; to guard one's composure. Shak. —Even lines, make even (Print.), terms used by printers, especially those employed on newspaper work, meaning to 6pace out the words of a line when the pieces of «copy' (manuscript) do not form whole paragraphs. E ven (S'vn), v. t. 1. To equal; to act up to ; to compare; to bring one thing into connection with another ; to associate one thing with another, as a person with a charge, or one person's name with another in relation to marriage; as, such a charge can never be evened to me. [Old Eng. and Scotch. ] Lockhart. 2» f To act ifp to; to keep pace with; to equal. Shak. E ven-bisli op (Sv/'n-btsh/up'), to. A co-bishop. E ven-down (6'vn-doun),) ranni.nu i Even-doun (S'vn-dOn), \a' tScotch-J 1. Perpendicular; specifically, applied to a heavy fall of rain, downright; as, an even-doun pour. 2 m Downright; honest; direct; plain; express; as, an even-doun man; an even-doun lie. This I ken likewise, that what I say is the even-doun truth. Gait. 3* Mere; sheer. But gentlemen, and ladies warst. Wi' ev'n-doun want o'. work are curst. Burns. Even er (5'vn-er), to. {Weaving.) An instrument used for spreading out the warp as it goes on the EVIDENCE beam; a raivel; the comb or raithe which guides the threads with precision on to the beam. [Scotch.] E ven fall (S vn-fgl), n. The fall of evening; early evening; twilight. The quiet evenfall. Tennyson. E ven handt (e'vn-h&nd), n. Equality or parity of rank or degree. Bacon. E ven hand ed ly (e"vn-h2nd'ed-li), adv. In an evenhanded manner ; justly ; impartially. E ven itig (e'vn-ing), n. Being or occurring at the close of day ; as, the evening sacrifice. Moore. Evening (S'Vn-ing), n.—Evening-gun {Mil. and Naut.), the warning-gun, after the firing of which the sentries challenge.—Evening-hymn, evening- song. Same as Even-song.—Evening-primrose {Bot.\ (Enothera, a genus of plants, nat. order Onagracera. CE. biennis, an American species common in cot- tage gardens, is not unfrequent as an escaped plant in England.—Evening - star, Hesperus "or Vesper; Venus visible in the evening.—Evening-tide, Even- tide. ! E ven-keel (S'vn-kSl), to. {Naut.) A term which implies an even position of a ship on the water; thus, a ship is said to swim upon an even-keel, when she draws the same draught of water forward as abaft. E ven likef (S'vn-llk), a. Equal. Chaucer. E ven mind ed ly (S^vn-nolnd'ed-li), adv. With equanimity. Even-song (S'vn-sfing), w. {Etcl.) A term applied in the English Church to the evening—or vesper—service, and in the JR. Cath. Ch. sometimes given to the canonical hour known also as vespers. E ven^tem pered (6"vn-t6m,perd), a. Having a placid temper. Eventless (e-vSnt/les), a. Unmarked by any- thing out of the usual course of things; monoto- nous ; destitute of events. E vent u al i ty (e-vgnt'fl-Sl^i-ti), n. That which eventuates or happens ; the probability of an event's happening; a contingent result. E vent u a tion (e-vgnVfl-a^shun), to. The act of eventuating; the act of falling out or happening. B. W. Hamilton. Ev er (Sv'er), adv. 1* In any degree \ as, no man 'is ever the richer or happier for injustice. Hall. 2» A 'word of enforcement or emphasis; thus, as soon as ever he had done it; as like him as ever he can look. [Eng ] They broke all their bones to pieces or ever they came to the bottom of the den. Dan. vi. 24. —Ever so, to whatever extent; to whatever degree; greatly; exceedingly; as, ever so much better; be he ever so bold. [Colloq.j Ev er dur Ing(8v'er-dArming), a. [Everand dur- ing.] Enduring for ever ; continuing without end ; as, everduring glory. Milton. Ev er-high er ing (8v/er-hr//er-ing), a. Contin- uously rising or mounting higher. Sweep In ever-highering circles up. Tennyson. Ev er ich t \ (Sv'er-Ich or 5've^-5ch—ch aspirated Ev er ych t) guttural), o. Each; every. Chaucer. Ev er last Ing (gv'er-lasf'ing), a. Endless ; con- tinual; unintermitted; as, the family is disturbed with everlasting disputes. [Colloq.] Ev er last ing (gv^r-last^ing), to.—The Everlast- ing, the Eternal Being ; God. Shak. Everlasting (gv^r-lasfing), adv. Very; ex- ceedingly; as, I am in an everlasting great fix. [American vulgarism.] E ver ni a (e-v6r'ni-a), to. (Bof.) A small genus of lichens with a branching thallus and scutellate apothecium. E ver rlc u lam (SVer-rlk^fl-lum), to. [Lat., a drag-net, from everro, to sweep out.] {Surg.) An instrument, shaped like a scoop, for removing frag- ments of stone froL* the bladder after the operation of lithotomy Ev er y (Sv'er-i). Formerly sometimes used alone in sense of every one. k Every of this happy num- ber.' Shak. Ev er y body (gv^er-i-bBd'i), «. Every person; all the world. Ev i dence (Sv'i-dens), to. 1. Evidence has been distinguished into intuitive and deductive. Intui- tive evidence is of three kinds, (o) The evidence of axioms. (f>) The evidence of consciousness, of perception, and of memory, (c) The evidence^ of those fundamental laws of human belief which form an essential part of our constitution; and of which our entire*conviction is implied not only in all our speculative reasonings, but in all our conduct as active beings. Deductive evidence is of two kinds, demonstrated and probable; the former relating to necessary, the latter to contingent truths. Mathe- matical evidence ~is of the demonstrative kind. Probable evidence is founded on a belief that the course of nature will continue to be in time to come as it has been in time past. Evidence as to the au- thenticity or genuineness of a writing may be inter- nal or external. Internal evidence is the evidence supplied by the composition and character of a work, as a poem or a painting; external evidence is the evidence brought in corroboration of the state- ments or genuineness of the work by neutral par- ^ tieil—e, out, and volvo, to roll.] (Bot.) A genus of climbiDg exotic annuals, having handsome flowers, for which they are sometimes cultivated in our green- houses. They belcpig tq the nat. order Convolvulace®. E vo va © (e-vO'va-S). (Mus.) An artificial word formed from the vowels in the words ' seculorum Amenwhich occur at the end of the Gloria Patri. It served as a kind of mnemonic word, enabling singers to rander the various Gregorian chants cor- rectly. each letter in evovae (euouae) standing for the syllable from which it is extracted. E^ve-ne^ked (fl'ngkt), a. Applied to a horse hav- ing a slender Deck. IS west, a. According to Jamieson, near, contigu- ous ; but according to Bell (Die. of Law of Scot.), -nearest. It occurs in the older Scotch statutes. Ex act ing (egz-£kt'ing), p. a. Demanding or com- pelling to pay or yield under color of authority; requiring authoritatively; demanding or disposed to demand without pity or justice; extorting ; com- pelling by necessity; unreasonably severe or op- pressive. Arnold. Ex ag ger a tor (egz-3j'er-3t-er), ». One who ex- aggerates. E. B. Browning. Ex am lne-(egz-am'in), v. t. To try or assay by . appropriate methods or tests; as, to examine min- erals or chemical compounds. Ex am in er-slilp (egz-fim'in-er-shlp), n. The"of- fice of an examiner. Example (egz-Sm'pl), n. {Logic.) The conclu- sion of one singular point from another ; an induc- 1 tion Of what may happen from what has happened. Ex am plea* j (egz-Sm'ples), a. Same as Exam- \pleles8. — ..«• •- At so example# and onblamed a life. B. Jonnon. 300 EX an ga a (eks-2n'ji-a), n. pi. [Or. «, out, and ayyetoi', a vessel.] (Pathol.) A term sometimes ap- plied to diseases in which there is unnatural dis- tention of a large blood-vessel. Ex an nu late (eke-Sn'nu-lat), a. [Lat. ex, with- . out, and annulus, a ring.] (Bot.) Without a ring; applied to those ferns in which the sporangium is without the elastic ring or annulus. Ex an them a tol o gy (6ks'an-th6m/a-t0l//o-ji), n. [Gr. efav0T)/xa, an eruption, and A-oyos, dis- course.] A treatise on eruptive fevers. Ex cae ca tion (Sks'se-ka'^hun), n. [Lat. ex, out, end cceco, to blind.] The act of putting out the eyes ; blinding. . Sir H. Taylor. Ex cal i bur / (eks-kSl'i-ber), n. The mythologic- Ex cal i bar ) al sword of King Arthur given him by the Lady of the Lake, to whom Merlin directed him to apply for it. The excaXibar of King Arthur. Sir W. Scott. Ex camb (eks-kSmb'), v. t. Same as Excambie. Ex cam bie (eks-kSm'bi), v. t. [Low Lat. excam- bio, to exchange—Lat. ex, out, and cambio, to ex- change.] To exchange : applied specifically to the exchange of land. [Scotch.] Ex cam bi on (eks-kam'bi-on),) ». Exchange; Ex cam bi um (eks-kSra'bi-um), ) barter; spe- cifically (Scots Law), the contract by which one piece of land is exchanged for another. Ex catb. e drate (eks-k&th'e-drSt), v. t. To con- demn with authority, or ex cathedra. [R.] Herrick. Ex ceed ing (ek-sSd'ing), ». Excess ; superfluity. Provide for such exceeding. Smollett. Ex eel si or (ek-sSl'si-or), n. A kind of wood fiber used for stuffing cushions, filling mattresses, and the like. Ex cen tro sto ma ta (eks-sPn/tro-st5m//a-ta), n. pi. [Gr. etc, out, Kevrpov, a spine, and aro/xa, mouth.] (ZoOl.) A division of the EchinidsB, comprising the spatangs, clypeaster, etc. Exceptional (ek-sgp'shun-al), a. Superior in excellence; rare; much above the average; uncom- mon. Ex cep tion al ly (ek-s£p'shun-al-li), adv. In an exceptional manner; in a manner not generally acted on; unprecedentedly; extraordinarily; es- pecially ; as, he was exceptionally favored. The government was pleased exceptionally to license. J. S. Mill. Ex: cep tion »-ry (ek-sSp'shun-a-r i), a. Indicat- ing an exception. Ex cer e brate (eks-s&r'e-brat), v. t. [Lat. excere- bro, excerebratum—ex, out, and cerebrum, brain.] 1* To remove or beat out the brains of. 2* To cast out from the brain. [R.] Ex cern ent (ek-s6rn/ent), a. (Physiol.) Relating to, or connected with4 excretion ; excretory. Ex cerp tlve (ek-s6rp'tlv), a. Excerpting; choos- ing. v Mackenzie. Excess (ek-sSs'), ». (Math.) The difference be- tween any two unequal numbers or quantities ; that which remains when the lesser number or quantity is taken from the greater.—Spherical excess (Tri- gon.), the quantity by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. Ex change (eks-chiinj/), ». Among journalists, a newspaper sent to one office in exchange for one received.—Theory of exchanges, a theory introduced by Prevost, for explaining the equilibrium of tem- perature of any body. Ex cheq uer-cham ber (eks-chSk'er-chSm'ber), n. Formerly an English court of appellate jurisdic- tion. Ex cip 1 ent (ek-alp'i-ent), n. (Med.) An inert or slightly active substance employed as the medi- um or vehicle for the administration of the active medicine, as bread-crust, conserve of roses, sugar, jelly, etc. Ex cl pie (gk'si-pl), )n. [Lat. excipio, to re- Ex cl pule (Sk'si-pal), f ceive.] (Bot.) (a) The capsule or envelope inclosing or protecting the thal- amium of the apothecia of lichens ; it is an expan- sion of the thallus. (b) A minute species of black fungus found in autumn on dead raspberry stems. W ritten also Excipulus. Ex else (ek-slz')i n. That branch or department of the civil service which is connected with the lev- ying of excise duties. Excise (ek-slz'), a. Of, or pertaining to, or con- nected with, the excise; as, excise acts ; excise com- missioners. Ex else (ek-8lz')> v. t. [Lat. excido, excisum, to cut out or off, from ex, out, and ccedo, to cut.] To cut out; to put off ; as, to excise a tumor. Excision (ek-sizh'un), n. 1. (Surg.) A cutting out or cutting off any part of the body; extirpation ; amputation. ' 2. (Eccl.} A cutting off from the church; excom- munication. Ex cl ta tion (Sk/si-ta"shun), n.—.Excitation of electricity, the disturbance of the electrio equilibri- um by friction, elevation of temperature, contact, etc. Ex cite (ek-sTt'), *•—To excite an electric, to ap- ply friction to it so as to produce electricity. Ex clave (6ks'klftv), n. A part of a country, prov- ince, or the like, which is disjoined from the main part. * •' • Ex clu SlVe (eks-klfl'sTv), a.—Exclusive dealing, the act of a party, who, at any election, intimates to EXECUTOR a tradesman or employee that, unless the latter gives him his vote, the party will withdraw his cus- tom from or cease to employ him. Dickens.—Exclu- sive privilege (Scots Law), a term used in a limited sense, to signify the. rights and franchises of the nature of monopolies, formerly enjoyed by differ- ent incorporations. Ex com mu ni cant (6ks/kom-mH"ni-kant), n. A person v?ho has been excommunicated; an excom- municate. Ex com mu nl ca tion (gks'kom.-mu-ni -k5"- shun), n. Excommunication is an ecclesiastical "in- terdict of two kinds, the lesser and the greater; the lesser excommunication is a temporary separation of the offender from the Church, or suspension of his right to partake of the sacraments- of the Church; the greater is an absolute separation and exclusion of the offender from the Church and all its rights and privileges, as well as all communications with the faithful. Excrescence (eks-krgs'sens), n. (Fig.) An extravagant or excessive outbreak. ' Excrescences of joy.' Jer. Taylor. Ex ere tine (8ks/kre-t!n),-». (Chem.) An organic substance procured from the excrements of man and the lower animals in the healthy condition. It pos- sesses an alkaline reaction. Ex cru cl ate f (eks-kr&'shi-at), a. Excruciated; tormented. Chapman. Ex cru cl a ting ly (eks-krO'shi-at-ing-li), adv. In an excruciating manner. Ex cu ba to ry (eks-kfi'ba-to-ri), ». See Excubi- tobium. Ex cu bl to ri um (eks-ktl/bi-tO//ri-um), n. (Eccl. Arch.) A gallery in a church where public watch was kept at night on the eve of some festival. 111. PI. 8, Fig. 6. Ex cu dlt (eks-kfl'dit). [3d pers. sing, of the pret. of Lat. excudo—ex, out, and cttdo, to strike.] Lit., he engraved it: a word appended to the foot of a» engraving, preceded by the name of the artist; as, Strange excudit. Ex cul pa tion (gks'kul-pa^shun), n.—Letters of Exculpation (Scots Law), a warrant granted at the suit of the panel or defender in a criminal prosecu- tion for citing and compelling the attendance of witnesses. Ex cur slon (eks-k&r'shun), v. i. To make an excur- sion; to travel. [R.] > Yesterday I excursioned twenty miles. Lamb. Ex cur sion (eks-k6r/shun), n.—Excursion-ticket, a ticket for an excursion by railway or other means. Excursion-train, a railway train specially put on for carrying passengers on a pleasure trip for a certain distance and at a less fare for the double journey than in the case of ordinary trains. Ex cur slon f$t (.eks-k^r'shuu-ist), n. 1* One who makes an excursion ; specifically, one who trav- els by an excursion train. —< v 2* One who professionally provides the public •with facilities for making excursions. \ % Ex cur slon ize (eks-k^r'shun-Iz), v. i. To make an excursion; to take part in an excursion. ; Ex cuse ment t (eks-kHz'ment), n. Excuse. Qcfwer. Ex e era ble ness (gk'se-kra-'bl-nes), n. State of being execrable. [R.] Ex e era tious (Sk'se-kra^shus),a. Imprecatory; cursing; execrative. Richardson. Ex e era tlve (8k'se-kra-t!v), a. Denouncing evil against; imprecating evil on; cursing; vilifying. Carlyle. Ex e era tlve ly (8k'se-kra//tlv-li),adv. In an ex- ecrative manner. Carlyle. Ex e era to ry (Sk^se-cra-Wri),®. Denunciatory; abusive. 'Without execratory comment.' Kingsley. Ex ec u tant (egz-gk'tl-tant), n. One who executes or performs a piece of music; a performer. 4 Great executants on the organ.1 De Quincey. Ex e cuted (ek^se-kfit'ed),^®. Done ; performed; accomplished; carried into effect; put to death. —Executed consideration (Law), a consideration which is executed before the promise upon which it is founded is made.—Executed estates, estates in pos- session.— Executed trust, such a trust as that where an estate is conveyed to the use of A and his heirs, with a simple declaration of the trust for B and his heirs, or the heirs of his body.—Executed use, the first use in a conveyance upon which the statute of uses operates by bringing the possession to it, th©i combination of which—that is, the use and the pos- session—formed the legal estate, and thus, the stat- ute is said to execute the use. Ex e cu tion (8k/lse-kti'/shun), n. f The act of sack- ing a town. Beau. <5b Fl.—Execution by a messenger- at-arms or other officer of the law (Scots Law), an attestation under the hand of the messenger or other officer that he has given the citation or executed the diligence, in terms of his warrant for so doing. Such executions must be subscribed by the executor and witnesses. Ex e cu tion er (gk'se-kiy'shun-er), n. The in- strument by which anything is performed. Fell executioners of fonl intents. 1 Crashaw. Executor (in sense 1, pron. Sk^sg-kU'ter; in. sense 2, egz-Sk^t-er), n. 1. f An executioner* Delivering o'er to executors pkle v The lazy, yawning drone. • - Shale.' 2. (Law.) The person appointed to carry a will into effect.—Executor de son tort, one who, without ch, cAaln; B, go i j, iob t ug, sing i tb, (Mil* VjWig* tth, whig; lh, woreoc^food; oi.cXl; 60, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor* cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.EXECUTORY authority, intermeddles with the goods of a deceased person, by which he subjects himself to the trouble of executorship without the profits or advantages.— Executor creditor {Scots Law), a creditor who, when the executor-nominate and the other executors legal- ly entitled to expede confirmation, have declined to confirm, obtains, in virtue of a liquid ground of debt, confirmation to the extent of administrating as much of the estate as is sufficient to pay his debt.— Executor dative (Scots Law), an executor appointed by t >e court, equivalent to administrator in En- gland.—Executor-nominate, an executor appointed by-the vrill of the testator. Ex ec U to ry (egz-Sk'fl-to-ri), a.—Executory de- vise, a gift of a future interest by will.—Executory estates, interests which depend for their enjoyment upon some subsequent event or contingency.—Exec- utory trust, a trust which requires an ulterior act to raise and perfect it, as the trusts declared by those will9 which are merely directory of a subsequent conveyance.—Executory uses, springing uses. Ex ec u try (egz-gk'll-tri), n. (Scots Law.) The general name given to the whole movable estate and effects of a defunct (with the exception only of heir- ship movables), being the proper subject of the ex- ecutor's administration. Ex e dent (gk'se-dgnt), a. [Lat. ex, out, and edo, to eat.] Eating out; as, an exedent tumor. Ex e ge sis (gk'se-jS"'sis), n.. A discourse intended to explain or illustrate a subject; the name given to one of the exercises prescribed to students of the- ology in the Scotch universities, and also to students when on their trials before presbyteries in order to their being licensed or ordered. Ex em brf on ate (eks-gm'bri-on-at), o. (Bot.) An epithet applied to cryptogams in consequence of their spores not containing an embryo like the seeds of phsenogams. Exemption (egz-gmp'shun or egz-gm'shun),». (Z2. Cath. Ch.) A dispensation occasionally granted by the pope to clergymen, and more rarely to lay- men, to exempt thom from the authority of their ordinaries. Ex en ceph a lus (gks'en-sgf'al-us), «. pi. Ex- en ceph a 11 (6ks'en-«gf"al-I). [Gr. cf, without, and iy>ce, and , outside, and 9rja. (Scots-Law.) Ex trin sic al (eks-trln'sik-al), 5 A term applied to facts and circumstances sworn to by a party on a reference to his oath, which are not relevant to the point referred, and which therefore cannot be com- petently taken as a part of the evidence. Ex tru so ry (ekf^trO'so-ri), a. That extrudes or forces out; that ejects. Exulcer ate f (egz-iil'ser-at), a. Wounded; vexed ; enraged. Bacon. Ex u vi al (egz-tl'vi-al), a. Relating to or contain- ing exuviae, or parts of animals which are shed or , cast off. Ex u vi ate (eks-tl'vi-at), v. i. To cast or throw off some part, as the deciduous teeth, the skin of serpents, the shells of crustaceans, and the like* Ex-vo to (eks-vO'tO), n. [Lat., from or in accord- ance with a vow.] An article presented as a votive offering. These take many forms, 6uch as a model of a hand, leg, or arm that has been restored to use- fulness, the picture of a scene of peril from which the person has been delivered, etc. They [inscriptions] occur on a multitude of ex-vntos, and on plates of bronze and copper. Athenceum. pl- Eyren# [See Egg.] An egg. 'An ey or two.' Chaucer. ' The yolkys of eyren.' Receipt for Making Frumenty. Eyt (!)• [A. Sax. £g.] An island: an element in place-names ; as, Whalsej/, whale island; Anglesey or Anglesea, islapd of the Angles ; Alderney, itfie of alders. Ey dent (I'dent), a. Diligent; industrious. 'And. mind their labors wi' an eydent hand.' [Scotch.] Burns.- Eye (I), n. (Arch.) A general term applied to the center of anything : thus, the eye of a volute is the circle &t its centt.-r from wnich the spiral lines spring ; the ey&of a dome is the circular aperture at its apex; the eye of a pediment is a circular window in its center.—Eye of day, or eye of the morning, the light of day ; the sun.—Eyes of the rig- ging (Naut.), those parts of the shrouds in the form of a collar which go over the mast.—The eyea of stays are termed collars,—Flemish eye. (Naut.) The strands $f a rope's end opened and tiivided into two parts and laid over each other, marled, par- celed, and served together, form an eye in the sense here understood.—Lashing eye (Naut.), an eye spliced on the end or ends of a rope, for a lashijig- being rove through, to set it tight.— To have some~ thing in one's eye, to have something in.contempla- tion which it is intended shall be accomplished or possessed at some future time ; as, I have a scheme in my eye which will be put in practice soon. Eyed (Id), a. (Her.) A term used in speaking of the variegated spots in the peacock's tail. ' Eye-doc tor (I'MOk'ter), n. An oculist. Eye fulf (I'ful). %. billing or attractive to the eye; worth looking at; remarkable. '.Eye/uJ trophies.' , Chapman. Eye-glass (I'gl^s), n. fThe retina of the eye. Shak. Eye-hole (I'hOl), ». A circular opening, as in a> bar, to receive a pin, hook, rope, or ring. Ey en f (3'en or e'en), n.pl. Eyes. ' Hire eyen gray as glas.' Chaucer. Eye-tootli (T'tOth), n.—To cut one's eye teeth, to be- come sharp or shrewd ; to be acute or knowing. [Colloq.] Eye-wash (I'wosh), ». A medicated water for tho eyes ; eye-water. Ey ghenf (a'ghen or 6'ghen—gh guttural), ». pl. Eyes. ' His eyghen twinkled.' Chaucer. EygSit(at), n. 1. A small island in a river; an ait or eyot. ----- 2.1' The thickest part of a shoal of herrings. Eylef To aii* Chaucer, Ey rant (I'rant), a. Same as Ayrant. Eyre,t». Air; gas. " Chaucer. E Jrrisll,t Aerial. Chaucer. E ze ki el (S-zS'ki-el), n. [Heb., (whom) God will strengthen.] One of the greater prophets, whose writings are canonicaJly placed in the Old Testa- ment next to those of Jeremiah. Ez ra (gz'ra), n. [Heb., help.] The name of one of the canonical books of the Old Testament, placed- between Chronicles and Nehemiah. ch, cAain; Bt0°* j, job; ng, sin#; ftz, then ; th, Min; w, toig; wh, whig; zh, amre ; oo, food; oi, oil: ou, pound.^ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FABRIC 303 FALSE F. T?ab rie (fabric), n. (Fig.) Any system of -®- united parts, as of the world, society, the Church, etc. " With what a crash, heard and felt to the farthest ends of the world, would the Avhole vast fabric of society have fallen."—Macaulay : Hist. Eng., ch. x. Fab ri ca tion (f&b'r-xca^tion), n. Syn.—See Fiction. Fab ri ca tress (fab'ri-ea'trSss), n. A female fabricator; a constructress. Fab it low i ty (fab u-lds 'i-ty), n• A feigned or fabulous story ; a fable. " Herodotus hath besprinkled his work with many fabulosities." — Browne: Vulgar Errours, bk. i., ch. viii. Face-piece (fa^e'pie^e), n. (Naut.) A piece wrought on the forepart of the knee or the head, to assist the conversion of the main-piece, and to shorten the upper bolts of the knee of the head. Fa ci es (fashi-es), s. [Lat.] {Nat. Hist.) The general aspect of an assembly of animals or plants, which is characteristic of a particular locality or period of the earth's history. Thus we speak of the fades of the Carboniferous flora, as distinct from the flora of other epochs and of the fades. Facility (fa-ciTi-tjO, n. Syn. — Facility, Ease, Expertness, Readiness. Fadlity denotes readiness or dexterity in doing anything; ease is the state of a person or thing ; Expertness means facility gained by long continued practice ; readi- ness is the quality of doing anything promptly ; a certain work may be performed with ease when but little labor or skill is required ; a cashier needs expertness in counting money: readiness is necessary in passing from one employment to another; a practice I hand may perform a diffi- cult task with facility; an easy task may be accomplished with fadlity ; so may a difficult one.—Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Fa ciiiff (facingj, n. {Mil.) The movement through which soldiers are put in turning or wheeling to the right, left, etc. Fac ti tious (fae-ti tious), a. Syn. — Facti- tious, Unnatural. That is factitious which is produced by labor or skilL ; a thing is unnatural when it deviates from its natural or simple state. & factitious excitement or alarm is brought about by intentional effort , an unnatural alarm is greater than the occasion calls for.— Fallows'' Synonyms Discrimiyiated. Fac ti tious ness (fae-tl'tious-ness), n. [Eng.] The characteristic or state of being factitious or artificial. Fac to (fac'to), adv. [Lat. abl. sing of factum = a deed, a fact.] In fact, in deed, by the act or fact. Fac tor (f&c'tor), n. A steward or agent of an estate, appointed by a landowner to m mage the estate, collect rents, let lands, etc. [Scotch.] "The Factor had received ready money to the amount of about £300."—Sir W. Scott: Rob Boy (Introd.) Fac tor ess, Fac tress (f&c'tor-Sss), (fac'- •trSss), n. A female agent or factor. "Your Factress hath been tampering for my misery."—Ford: The Fancies, Chaste and Noble, iii. 2. Fac tu al (f&c'ttt-al), a. Pertaining to, contain- ing, or comprised of facts. Fac turn (pi. fac ta) (factum, fac'ta), n. Lat. neut. sing, of factus, pa. par. of facio—to do.] [Fact.] 1. A thing done; an act or deed. 2. Fact, as distinguished from points of law. 3. (Arith.) The product of two or more num- bers multiplied together. 4. (Law.) (a.) An act or deed done. (b.) A writing; a deed. (c.) The proper execution of a will compris- ing everything necessary to its validity. Fact lire (faet'ure,) n 1. (Com.) An invoice, a bill of parcels.—Simmonds. 2. (Mus.) (a.) The construction of a piece of music. (b.) The measurement, dimension, or scale of organ pipes. Fadge (fadge), n. A large flat loaf or bannock, made of barley meal and baked among the ashes. [Sco ?c/f-.] Fatl ing (fad ing), n. [Etym. doubtful.] The name of an Irish dance; also the burden of a song, in which sense Shakespeare used it.— Win- ter's Tale, iv. 3. '"I will have him dance fading; fading is a fine ji^I'll assure you, gentlemen."—Beaum. & Flet.: Knight of Burning Pestle, iv. 1. Fag (fag), v. t. 1. To beat, to bang. [Colloq.] 2. To use as a fag; to compel to perform menial offices for one. [Colloq.] "That small Turk That fagged me! worse is now my work A fag for all the town." Hood: Retrospective Review. Fag; (fag), n. 1. A hard worker; a laborious drudge. 2. In English public schools, a junior who has to perform certain duties, some of them of a menial character, for a senior. "Three /ar/s, taken in order, stood in the passage."—Hughes : Tom Brown's School-days, ch. vii. Fa got to (fa-gfit'to,) n. [Ital.] The Italian name for the bassoon, by which it is generally known in instrumental scores. The name is said to be derived from its resemblance to a faggot or bundle of sticks.—Dr. Stone, in Grove's Diet, of Music. [Bassoon]. Fall ren lieit (fah'r6n-helt), n. Gabriel Dan- iel Fahrenheit, a philosophical instrument maker of Amsterdam, who was born at Danzig, toward the end of the seventeenth century, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1724, and died in 1740. Fall re 11 lieit (fah/r6n-helt), a. According to the scale introduced by Fahrenheit for the grad- uation of his thermometers. This numbers the freezing point of water at 32°, i. e., at 32° above zero (q.v.), and the boiling point of water at 2120, leaving 180° between them. Fahrenheit intro- duced his scale in a. d. 1714. It is still used in England, Holland, and North America, though the Centigrade thermometer, which is much em- ployed on the continent of Europe, is gradually displacing it, at least among scientific men. Fail ingf (failing), n. Syn.—See Fault. Fail lis (faiHIs), [Fr.] (Her.) A failure or fracture in an ordinary, as though it were broken, or a splinter taken from it. Faint (faint), n. 1. A swoon; a fainting fit. [.Rare]. 2. (Distill.) (PI.) : The later results of dis- tillation of wash, of low specific gravity, and reserved for redistillation, in consequence of its being strongly impregnated with fusel oil. "Is it not a great fault among distillers to allow any of the faints to run among their pure goods ? These faints are of a bluish, and some- times of a whitish color; whereas the right spirits are as pure and limpid as rock water."—Maxwell: Sel. Trans., p. 295. Faint ness (faint'ness), n. Feebleness or in- distinctness, as of sound, color, etc. Fair natured (fair'-Wtured), a. Well-dis- posed ; good-natured. Fair way (fair'way), n. (Naut.) The navigable part of a river, channel, or harbor. Fair weath. er (fair^wSatfr'er), a. 1. Existing or done in pleasant weather : as, a fair-weather voyage. 2. (Fig.) Appearing or showing only in times of prosperity : attending a place of worship, and the like, only in fine weather ; as, fair-weather Christians, fair-weather friends. [Colloq]. " I would throw a dozen of such fair-weather gentlemen as you are." — H. Brooke: Fool of Quality, ii. 165. Fair y (fair'y), a. Pertaining to or in any way connected with fairies ; resembling a fairy ; fan- ciful ; airy; enchanted. " This is fairy gold, boy." Shale esp. ° Winter's Talet iii. 3. Fal-te (fake), n. (Naut.) A winding or coil of a rope or hawser ; when a cable is let out, the question is asked : " How many fakes are left ? " i. e. how much remains uncoiled. In the coil the fakes are a helix, and a range or layer of fakes forms a tier. When the rope is arranged to run free, when let go, as in a rocket line, it is dis- posed in parallel binds of one fathom each. Fal coil gen til (faF'eon-ggn'til), n. Anam& appli ed to the female and young of the Goshawk (Astur palumbarius). Fal con i die (fai-cfin'I-dse), n. pi. [Lat. falco- (genit. falconis), and fem. pi. adj. suff. -idee.'] (Zool.) A family of raptorial birds, comprising the sub-families caracaras (Polyborinioe), hawks (Accipitrince), buzzards (Buteoninoe), eagles- (Aquilinoe), and falcous (Falconinoe). They are all remarkable for strong and sharp-hooked bills, and most of them have sharp and powerful talons. In the eagles and falcons these characters are developed in the highest degree. Fald-stool (fald'-stool), n. 1. A kind of stool placed at the south side of the altar, on which the kings of Engla nd kneel at their coronation. 2. A small desk in churches at which the litany is directed to be said or sung. 3. A folding-stool or desk, provided with a. cushion, for a pers >n to kneel on during the per- formance of certain acts of devotion. Fall (fall), v. i. To fall by the ears: To fall out, to quarrel. Fall (fall), n. 1. (Theol.) A term used of the first sin of Adam, and hence often called "the fall of Adam," with which "original sin" his posterity are held to have had mysteriously to do; on which account we often meet with the term "the Fall of Man." The verb "to fall" is- often used in a generic sense in Scripture for a lapse into sin (Ezek. xliv. 12, Rom. xiv. 13, 1 Cor. x. 12, Rev. ii. 5. The substantive is not used un- equivocally in the same sense. "The Fall" is therefore a theological rather than a scriptural term, though the idea is undoubtedly present in the Bible. 2. (Naut.) The descent of a deck from a fair curve jengthwise, as is frequently seen in mer- chantmen and yachts, to give height to the com- mander's cabin, and sometimes forward at the" hawse holes. 3. (Mech.) That part of the rope in hoisting tackle to which the power is applied. One end of the rope is attached to a point of support, as a hook or an eye below the upper block of the tackle, and is then rove through the blocks ; the end carried to the winch, capstan, etc., is the fall. 4. (Eng.) The amount of descent in a given distance, as (1), The vertical pitch of water at a mill; (2), The inclination of a water-course. 5. (Mus.) Cadence. To try a fall: To try a bout at wrestling. "Orlando hath a disposition to come in dis- guised against me to try a fall."—Shakesp.: ^ts You Like It, i. 1. Fal la cy (fai'la-cy), n. Syn.—Fallacy, Soph- istry. The fallacy is commonly the act of some- conscious agent, and includes an intention to de- ceive, sophistry is also false argument, but of a kind so plausible and subtle, that it is difficult to determine its fallacy. A fallacy may be obvious, but the evil of sophistry consists in its artfulness. —Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Fal low (fallow), n. A green fallow is where land is mellowed and freed from weeds by a green crop, such as potatoes or turnips. Fal low-chat (failow-chat), n. The same as Fallow-flu ch. False (false), a. False-cadence. (Mus.) There' are four principal forms of cadence in harmony : y the whole or authentic, the half, the interrupted* and the plagal cadence. When the last chord— the major or minor chord of the key note—i» preceded by the major chord of the dominant, Notation: a, e, 1, 0, ti, y, long; a, 6, i, 6, ti, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, far, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, £, o, silent; q as s; Qh as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. On this page will toe found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of tooth Wetoster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Wetoster.FALSEHOOD 304 FASCIOLARXA such cadence is called whole or perfect. If the last chord is the dominant, and is preceded by the chord of the tonic, the cadence is called half or imperfect. When the last chord of the phrase is other than the tonic chord, and is preceded by that of the dominant, the cadence is said to be interrupted, false, or deceptive. False-conception. (Med.) An irregular, preter- natural conception, the result of which is a mole or some similar production, instead of a proper- ly-organized foetus. False-pretenses. (Law) False representations made in order to obtain money, goods, etc., with intent to defraud. False-rail. (Kaut..) (a.) A thin piece of tim- ber attached inside of a curved head-rail, in or- der to strengthen it. (b.) A facing or strengthening rail faced to a main rail. False-relation. (Music.) The occurrence of chromatic contradiction in different parts of voices, either simultaneously or in chords so near together that the effect of one has not passed before the other coir.es to contradict it with a new accidental. False-return. (Law) An untrue return to a process made by the officer to whom it had been delivered for execution. False-works. (Civil Eng.) Construction works for the erection of the main works. Coffer-dams, bridge-centering, scaffolding, etc., are false- works. False liood (falsehood), n. Syn.— Falsehood, Falsity, Lie. Falsehood denotes a false declara- tion designedly made; falsity is the state or quality of being false ; a lie is a coarse unblushing false- hood. We should say, "He told a falsehood not a falsity. "I perceived the falsity of his assertion," not falsehood.—Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Faiil l»Ie (f&m'ble), n. The hand. [Slang.] "We clap our fambles."—Beaum & Flet. ; Beg- gars Bush, ii 1. Fmnbie-cheats. Gloves, or rings. [SZagrs.] Fa mo»s (famous), a. Famous, Celebrated, Renowned, Illustrious. Famous is a term of indefinite import: it conveys of itself frequently neither honor nor dishonor, since it is employed indifferently as an epithet for things praiseworthy or otherwise : it is the only one of these terms which may be used in a bad sense. The others rise in a gradually good sense. The celebrated is founded upon merit and the display of talent in the arts and sciences; it gains the subject respect: the renoioned is founded upon the possession of rare or extraordinary qualities, upon successful exertions and an accordance with public opinion; it brings great honor or glory to the subject: the illustrious is founded upon those solid qualities which not only render one known but distin- guished ; it insures regard and veneration. A person may be famous for his eccentricities; celebrated as an artist, a writer, or a player; renowned as a warrior or a statesman ; illustrious as a prince, a statesman, or a senator."—Crabb : Eng. Synonyms. Faiil u list (fam'u-list), n. In Oxford Universi- ty, England, an epithet applied to a collegian of inferior grade or position. Fan (fan), n. (Mech.) The small vane which turns the cap of the smock mill on its axis, to keep the sails presented to the wind. Fan- nerved. (Bot. & Entom.) Having the nerves or nervures radiating and arranged in the manner of a fan. Fa nal (fa-nai7), n. [Fr.] A lighthouse; more specif '-ally, the apparatus placed in a lighthouse to give 'ght. Fail a wism (f&n'a-tlgm), n. [Fr. fanatisme; Ital., Sp. & Port. fanatismo.'] Religious frenzy or enthusiasm; fanaticism. Fan ci fill (fan^I-ful), a. Syn.—Fanciful, Fantastical, Whimsical, Capricious. Fanci- ful and fantastical are both employed for per- sons and things; whimsical and caprice are most- ly emp oyed f©r persons or for what is personal. Fanciful, in regard to persons, is said of that which is irregular in the taste or judgment; fan- tastical is said of that which violates all propri- ety, as well as regularity; the former may con- sist of a simple deviation from rule; the latter is something extravagant. A person may, there- fore, sometimes be advantageously fanciful, although he can never be fantastical but to his discredit. Fanciful is said mostly in regard to errors of opinion or taste; it springs from an aberration of the mind; whimsical is a species of the fanciful in regard to one's likes or dis- likes; capricious respects errors of temper, or irregularities of feeling.—Crabb: Eng. Syno- nyms. Fan ci less (fan'gi-less). n. Destitute of fancy or imagination; unimaginative; prosaic. "A pert or bluff important wight, Whose brain is fanciless. "—Armstrong: Taste. Fan cy (fan^y), n. The fancy. A slang term for sporting characters generally, but especially for prize-fighters, dog-fanciers, etc. "As the patrons of the fancy are proud of their champion's condition."—G. Eliot: JaneVs Re- pentance, ch. ii. Fail cy (fan cy), a• Adapted to please the fancy rather than for use; ornamental, elegant, fine; as, fancy goods. Fancy goods. Differently col- ored fabrics, such as satins, ribbons, silks, and the like, in contradistinction from the plain col- ored ones. Fancy stocks. In the United States any species of stocks having no intrinsic or de- terminate value, and therefore affording an op- portunity for stock-gambling, the fluctuations in their prices being mo-tly artificial. Fancy-store. A store or shop where fancy-goods are sold. [U. S.] Fa ne ga (fa-ne'ga), n. A Spanish dry measure holding about an English bushel. Fang; (fang), n. 1. The clutches or power of anything. "Seized by the relentless fangs of despotism." —Fox: Speech, Jan., 1794. 2. Any projection or other thing by which a gr isp can be taken. "The protuberant fangs of theyuca."—Evelyn: Kalendarium Hortense. 3. Power of siezing, or holding; as when a pump of a well has lost the power of suction, so that the water does not rise in it, perhaps from something being wron^ about the well, the pis- ton is said to have lost its fang. In this case water is poured in for restoring the power of operation. Here it is used merely as denoting the power of apprehension, in a literal sense. For fang obviously signifies the hold which the pump, as it were, takes of the water for bringing it up. [Scofc/i.] Fan-tail (fan'tail),n. 1. (Ornith.) (a) Agenus of Australian birds (Rhipidura) belonging to the family Muscicapidae. Ihey derive their name from the fan-like shape of their tails, (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon. 2. A form of gas-burner, in which the burning jet has an arched form. 3, (Carp.) A kind of joint. Fan tasque (fan7task), a. [Fr.] Fantastic, whimsical. (Poet.) "In fantasque apposition."—E. B. Browning. Fan tast (fan'tast), n. [Fantasie.] One whose mind is filled with fantastic, whimsical, or strange ideas. [Rare.] "He is a quiet and sublime enthusiast, with a strong tinge of the fantast.11—Coleridge. Fan tas tic (fan-tas'tie), n. 1. A fantastic, whimsica!, or conceited person. "A vain fantastic, that takes proud clothes to be part of himself."—Bp. Jackson: Works, iii. .62. 2. One who dresses up in a fantastic or ludi- crous manner, in order to take part in a proces- sion, as on the Fourth of July. [£7". 5.] Fail tas tic al (fan-tas'tic-al), a. Syn. See Fanciful. Fan tas tic al i ty (fan-tas'tlc-aFi-ty), n. Fan- tasticalness. "No affectation, fantasticality, or distortion dwelt in him."—Carlyle: Miscell., iv. 146. Fan tas ti cism (fan-tas-tl-Ql§m), n. The char- acteristic of being fantastic; fantasticalness. [.Rare.] "Not only does the introduction of these im- aginary beings permit greater fantasticism of incident, but infinite fantasticism of treatment." —Ruskin: Modern Painters, pt. iv., ch. vii.,§7. Fan tas ti co (fan-tas'tl-co), n. [Ital.] One full of whims or fancies; a fantastioal, whimsical, or capricious person. [Obs.] "Such antic, lisping, affecting fantasticoes, these new tuners of accents."—Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, ii. 4. Far (far) n. [A. 8. fearh.] The young of swine; a litter or farrow of pigs. [Prov. Eng.'] "For now is the loss of the far of the sow More great than the loss of two calves of the cow."—Tusser. (Johnson.) Far an dams (far'an-dams), n. [Fr. ferran- dine.] A species of cloth, partly of silk and partly of wool. "The Lords fell to consult and debate if the said act, prohibiting all clothes made of silk stuffs to be worn by any except the privileged persons, reached to farandains; which are part silk, part hair."—Fountainhall, 3 Suppl. Dec., p. 2. Far and ly, Far ant ly (far'and-ly^far'ant-ljr) a. 1. Comely, good-looking, handsome. 2. Orderly, suitable, decent. Farce (far^e), n. An absurd or empty show or parade; mere show. Farce ment (far^e'ment) n. The stuffing of meat; forcemeat; stuffing of any kind. [Obs.] "They often spoil a good dish with improper sauce and unsavory for cements." —Fel-tham: Re- solves, pt. i., res. 93. Far ci men (far^i-men), n. The same as Farcy. Fard (fard), n. [Fard,v.] Paint, color. [O&s.'J " Rubbed with Spanish wool, painted with French fard.'1'1—Whitaker: Review of Gibbons' History. Fard ins deal, Fard ing dale, Fard ing- dele (fard lng-deal, farming-dale, fard'ing-dele), n. [A.S. feorthung—a fourth part; dcel—a part, a portion.] An old measure of land, supposed to nave been the fourth part of an acre. Fare well, (fare'well), a. Done or uttered at the time of leave-taking; valedictory: as, a farewell sermon. "Leans on his spear to take his fareivell view." Tickell: On the Prospect of Peace. Farm (farm), n. 1. The office or duties of one who receives tribute, rent, etc., for another; stewardship. [Ofrs.] "Yeld resoun of thir ferme."—Wycliffe : Luke xvi. 2. 2. A district farmed out for the collection of revenue. [Rare.'] "The province was divided into twelve farms." —Burke : Against Warren Hastings. 3. The right or permission to sell certain ar- ticles subject to duties. [Rare.] 4. (Min.) A term formerly used in Cornish mining for the lord's fee, which is taken for liberty to work tin bounds. Farm (farm), v. i. To engage in farming or agriculture ; to follow the business or profession of a farmer ; to cultivate land. Farm er ess (farm'er-ess), n. A woman who carries on a farm. Farm stead (farmstead). n. A farmhouse, with the adjacent buildings, barns, stables, etc., necessary for farming purposes. "But he, by farmstead, thorp, and spire, Came crowing over Thames." Tennyson : Will Waterproof's Monologue. Far tlier (farther), a. and adv. Syn.—Farther, Further. Farther denotes at a greater dis- tance ; further means more in advance ; as, "The farther we get from home, the further we are on our journey." "Notwithstanding his struggles, he is farther than ever from success." "To speak further is unnecessary."—Fallows' Syn~ onyms Discriminated. Far tiling (far thing), n. Used hyperbolically or proverbially for the smallest possible sum or amount. "It is now seven years since I saw the face of a single creature who cared a farthing whether I was dead or alive."—Goldsmith : The Bee, No. 1. Fas cet (fas'p^t), n. [Lat. fascis=&bundle.] (Glass-making.) (a) An iron-wire basket on the end of a rod, to carry the bottle from the blow- ing rod or the mold to the leer; also called a Pontee, Punty, Punty-rod, or Puntil. (b) A rod inserted into the mouth of the bottle for the same purpose. Fas ci ate (fash'i-ate), a. [Lat, fascia; Eng. adj. suff. -ate.] 1. Banded or compacted to- gether. 2. (Bot.) The same as Fasciated. Fascia ted (f&sh^i-a'ted), a. (Bot.) Applied to a stem having a thickened or flattened appear- ance, as seen in the Fir, Ash, etc., arising from the union of several leaf-buds. "It appears as if formed by several peduncles united together so as to become a fasciated axis, as in the Cockscomb."—Balfour; Botany, § 327. Fas ci cle (fas^I-cle), n. [Lat. fasiculus, a dimin. of fascis = a bundle; Fr. fascicule', Sp. fas- ciculo; Ital. fascicolo.] 1. A small bundle, or packet. 2. A part of a book. [Rare.] " In the next fascicle you say that I maintain somethings."—Dr. Mayne: Sermon Oxford, (1647), p. 19. Fas ci cled (f&s^I-eled), a. 1. (Anat.) Clus- tered together, compact; applied to the nerves. 2. (Bot.) Growing in bunches or clusters from the same point, as the leaves of the Larch; It is also applied to the stems and roots. " The non-development of a branch gives rise to clustered or fascicled leaves as in the Larch, and to fascicled twigs, as in a common bird-nest-like monstrosity of the birch."—Balfour: Botany, § 650. 3. (Zool.) Arranged in bundles; fasciculated. Fas ci o lar i a (fas^l-o-lar'i-a), n. pi. [Lat. fasciol(a)=a bandage; neut. pi., adj. suff. -aria.] Notation: a, 6, l, o, u, y, long; a, 6,1, 6. ii, f, short; care, ffir, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; § as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; gasz; x as gz; o as in linger, liok; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.FASH 305 FEBRIFUGE (Zool.) A genus of gasperopodoas moll- uscs, belonging to the family Muricidse, and so termed from the smooth band like surface of their windings. They are distinguished from Murex, whose windings are rough with varices, or wrinkle-like swellings, and from Fusus by their spirally plaited columella. They occur in warm or southern seas. Fash. (Msh), n. I. Trouble, vexation. it. Pains taken about anything. 3. A troublesome person. Fash ion a hie (fash ion-a-ble), n. A person holding a good position in society; a fashionable person; used chiefly in the plural. "Me and the other fasWnables only came last night."—Pickwick, chap. xxxv. Fash ions (fashions), n. pi. The prevailing fashion or mode of dress in good society. Fast (fust), a. 1. Pleasure seeking; dissipated; Rakish. [Recent.] "He" was the most brilliant fast man of anti- quity."—Hannay: Singleton Fontenoy, bk. 1., ch. iv. a. Applied to a young lady it is intended to indicate that she imitates the manners, habits, and language of a man, and despises the ordinary rules of propriety. [.Recent.] 3. Hasty, forward, rash. 4r. Hasty in temper; irascible; hot-headed. 5. Engaged in or upon some business or purpose. Fast and loose (in the phrase To play fast and loose): to act in an inconsistent or inconstant manner; to act without regard to one's promises or engagements. "And shall these hands, so lately purged of blood, . . . Play fast and loose with faith?" Shakesp.: King John, iii. 1. Fast and loose pulleys: (Mach.) A device for disengaging and reengaging machinery. One pulley is fast to the shaft, the other runs loosely thereupon. The band is turned on to either, as the work requires. jFast (fast), adv. In a dissipated, reckless, or profligate manner : as, " To live/asf." To live fast: To live a dissipated, abandoned life. To make fast: (Na,ut.) To secure a ship to the shore, etc., by means of a fast or hawser. To standfast: (a) To stand still; to remain standing. (b) To show constancy, courage, or steadfast- ness ; not to yield. " Watch ye, stand fast in the faith."—1 Cor. xvi. 13. Fas tjd i ous (fas tid'i-otis), a. Syn.— Fastid- ious, Squeamish. A female is fastidious when she criticises the dress or manners of her rival; she is squeamish in the choice of her own dress, company, words, etc. Whoever examines his own imperfections will cease to be fastidious ; whoever restrains humor and caprice will cease to be squeamish.—Crabb : Eng. Synonyms. Fas tu OUS ness (fas'tu-ous-n&ss), n. Pride, haughtiness, arrogance. [O&s.] "Then there was no fastuousness in the Church." —Barrow : On the Pope's Supremacy. Fat (fat), a. 1. (Naut.) Broad : as, the.quarter of a ship. it. (Print.) Applied to a page having many blank spaces or lines, and hence, to any work which pays well. Fat (fat), n. (Print.) Copy which affords light work, as blank or short pages or lines, leaded matter, rule and figure w >rk, poetry, and sue i like matter profitable to the compositor. The fat is in the fire \ AU is confusion, or all has failed. Fat al ist fc (fat'al-ist^ie), a. Of or pertaining to fatalism : implying or partaking of the nature Of fatalism. " Are you a Christian, and talk about a crisis in that fatalistic sense? " — Coleridge : Table Talk. Fa ther long legs (fa'ther-iong'lSgs), n. (Entom). (a) A common name for the Crane- fly. It is also called Daddy-long-legs. (b) An epithet for a kind of spider having a dark brown, oval body, set upon long legs which permit it to run very rapidly. It has a peculiar smell when crushed. It belongs to the family Phalangidae, and is often called daddy-long-legs, harvest man. and shepherd spider. [ XJ. The act or art of joining boards by grooving and tonguing. 2. (Arch.) An arrangement of small arcs or foils separated by projecting points or cusps, used as ornaments in the moulding of arches, etc., in Gothic architecture.—Weale. 3. (Rowing.) The turning of the blade of the oar horizontally as it leaves the water. Feath er veined (fgath'er-veined), a. (Bot.) Applied to leaves in which the veins diverge* from the midrib to the margin, as in the oak, chestnut, etc. Fea ture ly (fea'tttre-ly-), a. Provided with features; handsome; shapely. Fe brie i tate (fe-bri? 1-ta e), v. i. [Lat./e6Wc£fo, from/e&Ws=afever.] To be sick of a fever. [Obs.J, ' Feb ri fuge (feb'ri-fuge). a. (Med.) Having the / property or quality of dispelling or mitigating fever. "I find noted down the names of a goodly num- ber of febrifuge plants."—Technologist, Dec.,. 1861, p. 180. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, tt, y, long; a, 6, i, 6, u, y, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; farl, r^de, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; x as grain to a run of stones, etc. Feed pump (feed'pump), n. (Steam or Don- key eng.) A force-pump driven by hand, by doc- tor or donkey engine, or by the engine itself, for supplying tr> the boiler a quantity of water equal to that removed in the form of steam, by the brine-pump in the marine engine, the blow-off or mud valve, or other sources of outlet. In high- pressure engines it takes water from the heater ; in condensing engines from the hot-well. Fee es tate (fee/7es-tate), n. (Eng. Law.) All lands and tenements which are held by any ac- knowledgment of superiority to a higher lord; land held by the benefit of another, and in name whereof the grantee owes services or pays rent or both to a superior lord. All land in En land, with the exception of the crown lands, is of the nature of fee. Feel ing (feel'ing), n. 1. (Fine Arts.) That visible property of a work of art which incor- porates the mental emotion of the artist, and affects the spectator in a similar manner. Syn.—See Passion, Sentiment. Feeze (feeze), n. [Feeze, v.] A state of excite- ment or perturbation. Feigned (feigned, g silent), n. s. (Feigned Dis- eases : Civil or Military Law, & Med.) A simu- lated disease, a disease of which a person imi- tates the symptoms. Beggars sometimes do so to excite pity, soldiers to escape duty, prisoners to gain mitigation of punishment, and people hurt in railway or other accidents or in assaults, to create the belief that they are more seriously injured than is really the case. Feigned issue. (Laiv.) A proceeding in law whereby an action is supposed to be brought by consent of the parties, to determine some dis- puted right, without the formality or expense of ITe lie i ty (fe-li^i-ty), n. Syn.—See Happi- ness. Fe lis (fe'lis), n. [Lat.,=a cat.] 1. (Zool.) Cat. A Linnaean genus of animals corresponding with Felidce. Some, however, break it up into various genera, though admitting the difficulty of obtaining any important characters to dis- criminate them. When the genus is not broken up, then Felis leo is the Lion, F. tigris the Bengal Tiger, F. leopardus the Leopard—of which the Panther (F. pardus) may be only a variety, and the Ounce (F. uncia) the half-developed young— F. jubata the Hunting Leopard or Cbeetah, F. onca the Jaguar, F. concolor the Puma, F. lyncus the European Lynx, and F. catus the Wild Cat. Fell (f611), (1) v. t., n. {Sewing.) To lay a seam or hem level with the cloth. " Felling, the seams and whipping the frill." Barham : Ingoldsby Legends ; Aunt Fanny. Fell a fole (feil'a-ble), a. That may be felled; suitable to be felled. Fel lah {pi. f61 la-heen), n. [Arab.] An Egyp- tian agricultural laborer or peasant. Fell er (feller), n. (Sewing-machine.) An at- tachment for making a felled seam, i. e., one in which two edges being run together are folded over and stitched. Fel low ship (f6F10w-shIp), v. t. 1. To admit to fellowship; to associate with; to unite with; to receive into Christian fellowship. 2. To make a fellow; to associate. Fel oil ry (fel on-ry), n. A body or number of felons; specif, the convict population of Austra- lia. Felt (f61t), v. t. 1. To make into cloth by roll- ing, beating, and pressure. "The same wool one man felts into a hat. another weaves it into cloth, another into ker- sey.' '—Hale: Origin of Mankind. To line or cover with felt; as, the cylinder of an engine, a roof, etc. Felt grain (felt'grain), n. (Wood-work.) The grain of wood whose direction is from the pith to the bark; the direction of the medullary rays in oak and some other timber. Felt ing (f61fr'ing), n. 1. The stuff of which the felt is made; felt. 2. The splitting or sawing timber by the felt- grain (q. v.). Fel tre (fel'tar), n. [O. Fr., Fr. feut-re, from Lat. filtrum.] A kind of ancient cuirass made of wood or felt. Fe male (fe male), n. Syn.—Female, Feminine. Female is applied to the sex as opposed to male. Feminine is applied to the properties and char- acteristics of the sex as opposed to masculine. In matters distinctively related to women we use the adjective female, as female dress. In matters wh eh are appropriate to women, but not exclusively restricted to them, we use the adjective feminine, as feminine accomplishments. Feminine branches of learning are taught in female schools.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discrimi- nated. Fe rnal ist (fe'mal-ist), n. One devoted to the female sex; a ladies' man, a gallant. "Courting her smoothly like afemalist.^ Marston (Goodrich <& Porter.) Fern er ell, Fom er ell (fern er-ell), (fom'er- 611), n. [Fr. fumerelle, from fumer—to smoke; Lat. fumus=smoke.] {Arch.) A louvre, lantern, or covering placed on the roof of a kitchen, hall, etc., for the pur- pose of ventilation or the escape of smoke. Fem i nal (f6m 1-nal), a. [Lat. feminalis, from femina—a woman.] Of or relating to a woman, or women; female. "For wealth, or fame, or honour feminal." West: Abuse of Travelling. Fem.i lie i ty (fem'I-ne^i-ty), n. [Lat. femina— a woman; Eng. suff. -ity.~\ Female nature; fem- inality. "To her mind they lacked femineity.^—C. Reade: Cloister and Hearth, ch. lxviii. Fein i nin i ty (f6ml-nin^-i-ty), n. The quali- ties or manners becoming a woman. Fe mur (fe'mur), w. [Lat., =the thigh.) (Anat.) In vertebrate animals the first bone of the leg or pelvic extremity, situated between the os in- nominatum and the tibia. Fence (fenge), w. 1. A guard, defense, or pro- tection of any kind. "Whatever disregard certain modern refiners of morality may attempt to throw on all the in- stituted means of public religon, they must in their lowest view be considered as the outguards and fences of virtuous conduct."—Blair. 3. A purchaser or receiver of stolen goods, or the place where they are purchased. [Slang.] To be on the fence. To be neither one thing nor another; to be non-committal or undecided in regard to politics or a policy. Fence (f6n$e), v. t. To fence the Lord's Table, or the Tables: To give directions to those who design to communicate, after what is denominated the Action Sermon. (Scotch.) "Thereafter, hefenceth and openeth the tables." —Pardovan, p. 140. Fen eer (f6n'£yyo<; (phengos) =light, splendid in luster ; suff. -ite (Min.) (Min.) A species of transparent alabaster, sometimes used for windows. Fenks (fenks,) n. [Etym. doubtful.] The refuse of whale blubber ; it has been used in the manu- facture of Prussian blue. Fen nee (f6n'n6e), n. [An Arabian name, prob, corrupted from Gr. <£ral ends, we use the term ardor ; where this is so, fervor. The fervor of the patriot. The ardor of a lover of the chase.—Fal- lows'' Synonyms, Discriminated. Fes cue (fescue), n. 1. The plectrum with which the strings of a harp or lyre were struck and played. [06s.] "And with thy golden fescue plaidst upon Thy hollow harp." Chapman; Homer ; Hymne to Apollo. 2. The gnomon or style of a djal. 4'The,/eseitt' of the dial is upon the Christ cross of noon."—The Puritani v., 4. Fes ter (f£s ter), n. 1. A purulent or inflam- matory sore. 2. The actor state of festering or rankling. Fes toon y (^fes-toon'y), a. Of or pertaining to festoons ; consisting of or resembling festoons. Fe ta tion. Foe ta tion (fe-ta'tion, fce-ta'tion), n. [Lat. fetus, fait us.] The forming of a fetus in the uterus. Fete (lat), v. t. To entertain or receive with festive entertainments. "Hermann's feted and thanked, While his rascally rival gets tossed in his blanket." Barham : Ingoldsby Legends ; Hermann. Fe ti eide, Fact i eide (fet l-cide, fceti-cide), n. [Lat. fetus, foetus — a fetus, and coedo=to kill.] (Med. Jurisp.) The act or process of destroy- ing the fetus in the womb in order to procure abortion. Fet tie (f3t7tle), n. [Fettle, v.] A state of preparation or readiness; good condition or order. [Prov. English.'] "Getting a bit of the country into good fettle." —G. Eliot: Middlemarch, ch. xl. Fet \va, Fet wall (fet'wa, ffit'wah), n. [Arab.] (Turkish Law.) The descision given in writing by a Turkish mufti upon a legal point. Feu, Few (fa, fa), n. [Low Lat. ferulum.] (Scots Law.) (n.) A free and gratuitous right to lands made to one for services to be performed by him; a tenure where the vassal, in lieu of military service, makes a return in grain or money; a right to the enjoyment of lands or other heritable subjects in perpetuity in consideration for services, or an annual return called F^u-duty (q. v.) This was anciently deemed an ignoble tenure. (b.) The lands or heritable subjects held under such tenure. Feu dal ly (feu/dal-ly), adv. In a feudal man- ner ; according to feudal principles. Feuille ton (ffi/yu-t6ng). n. [Fr.= a little leaf; dimin. of feuille = a leaf.] That part of a news- paper which is devoted to light literature, criti- cism, or fiction; the story printed in a newspaper. Few met (fu'met), n. Deer's dung; fumet. Fez (fez), n. [From Fez, the chief town of Morocco, where they are manufactured.] A red Cap without a brim, fitting close to the head, and with a tassel of silk, wool, etc. ; much worn by Turks, Egyptians, etc. Fi bril lose (fi-brlllose), a. [Low Lat.'fibrill (a), and Eng. adj. suff. -ose.] (Bot.] Covered With loose fibers; composed of fibers. Fib u la (flb'u-la), n. [Lat. = a buckle or clasp.] 1. (Anat.) The outer and lesser bone of the leg, much smaller than the tibia. Its upper end, which does not reach so high as the knee, re- ceives the lateral knob of the upper end of the tibia into a small sinus which it has in its inner side, Its lower end is received into the small sinus of the tibia, and then it extends into a large process, which form the outer ankle. 2. (Mason.) An iron cramp by which stones are fastened together. 3. (Surg.) A needle for sewing up wounds. Fi eel lier (fl-^el'ya), n. [Fr., from ficelle .= pack thread.] A reel on which pack thread is wound. Fieli tel ite (fich'tel-lte), n. [From Fichtelge- birge in North Bavaria, where it is found.] (Min.) A monoclinic, translucent, and. brittle mineral, of a white color, occurring in the form of shining scales, flat crystals, and thin layers between the rings of growth, and throughout the texture of pine wood from the peat beds in the vicinity of Redwitz in the Fichtelgebirge. It is easily soluble in ether ; less so in alcohol. Hard- ness 1. Fichtelite group of minerals : (Min.) A group of miuerals belonging to the Camphene series of hydrocarbons. Dana includes, under it Fichtelite, Hartite, Dinite, and Ixolite. Fie tion (fie-tion), n. Syn.—Fiction, Fabrica- tion, Falsehood. " Fiction and fabrication both require invention ; falsehood consists of simple contradiction. . . . In an extended sense of the word fiction, it approaches still nearer to the sense of fabricate, when said of the fictions of the ancients, which were delivered as truth, although admitted now to be false ; the motive of the nar- rator is what here constitutes the difference— namely, that in the former case he believes what he relates to be true, in the latter he knows it to be false. The heathen mythology consists princi- pally of the fictions of tbe poets; newspapers commonly abound in fabrications." — Crabb : Eng. Synonyms. Fi eus (fi'cus), n. [Lat. = a fig-tree.] (Bot.) A genus of Moraceas. Ficus Carica is the cultivated fig. Fi dal go (fi-dai'go), n. [Port.] [Hidalgo.] A nobleman, or one of royal descent. Fid die (fld7dle), n. 1. (Bot.) (a) Daucus Carota. (b) (PI.) Scrophxdaria aquatica. 2. (Agric.) A wooden bar about eleven feet long, attached by ropes at its ends to the traces of a horse, and used to drag loose straw or hay on the ground, or haycocks to the place of stacking. To play first or second fiddle : To take a leading or a subordinate part or position in any undertaking or project. [Colloq.] "Tom had no idea of playing first fiddle in any social orchestra."—Dickens: Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. xii. Fiddle-block. (Naut.) A long block, hav- ing two sheaves of different diameters in th e same plane, not in parallel planes, as in a double-block; a viol, or long-tackle block. Fiddle-head. (Naut.) A name given to the ornamental carving at the bows of a ship, when it is made in the form of a scroll or volute similar to the end of a fiddle. Fiddle-shaped. (Bot.) An epithet applied to leaves which have deep indentations in the sides, so as to resemble a fiddle. Fid dle-de de (fld//dle-de-dee/), interj. Non- sense; humbug. Fidg et i ness (fldg'et-i-n£ss), n. [-wesa] The . quality or condition of being fidgety; nervous restlessness or uneasiness. Fidg ets (fldg'ets), n. pi. The colloquial name ol the disease of morbid symptom called Dysphoria. It consists of an overpowering sense of restless- ness; or more specifically, there are present irri- tability, dissatisfaction, a sense of fullness in the extremities, thirst, dryness of skin, wakefulness during the greater part of the night, the patient perpetually altering his position in the vain en- deavor to obtain relief. About two or three in the morning perspiration generally ensues, followed by heavy slumber. It arises from dyspepsia, and will pass away when that ailment is removed. —C'heyne: Cyclop. Pract. Med., iv., 452. Field (field), n. 1. (Optics.) The space visi- ble in an optical instrument at one view. By shifting the telescope the field is changed; by shifting the slip or object relatively to the object- glass of a microscope, successive parts of the object are brought within the field. 2. Those who take part in a hunt collectively. " Long before this point the field had dwindled away to a number that could be counted on one hand."—Field, Jan. 28, 1882. 3. (Racing.) (a) All the horses which take part in a race. " With the pen through the name of Grenville, the field to-morrow may consist of the following." —Daily Telegraph, Aug. 22, 1883. (b) All the horses, etc., in a race, exclusive of one or more favorites. Field Equipage. (Mil.) Equipage or apparatus, accouterments, etc., for service in the field. Field Madder. (Bot.) A common modern book-name for Sherardia arven- sis, a plant belonging to the order Rubiacse. It is a common British herb, with clusters of small lilac flowers in terminal heads. Field of the Cloth of Gold: A name given to a plain near Ardres, a village near Calais, in France, where Henry VIII. of England and Francis I. of France met on June 7 to 25, 1520, from the magnificence displayed by the retinue of each monarch. Field of Blood: Aceldama. The field bought by the chief priests,/" with the thirty pieces of silver which were giveri to Judas as the price for his betrayal of ptir Lord. Matt, xxvii. 5, Acts i. 19. S Fierce (fierce), a. Syn.—See Ferocious. Fi er i ly (fi'er-i-ly), adv. In a fiery, hot, or vehement manner. Notation: a, 6, l, 0, ta, y, long; a, &, !, 6. ti, f, short; c&re, far, l&st, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, f(x>t; fftrl, riide, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; ?h as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as. gz; o as in linger, liiik; th as in thine. IP**0n this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged ^ Dictionaries, not contained in the original T73bster. J.FIERY-FOOTED 308 FINNY Fi ery-footed (fl /-ery,-fdbt/6d), a. Swift-foot- ed, eager, impetuous. " He to him called a fiery-footed boy, Benempi Dispatch." Thomson: Castle of Indolence, ii., 32. Fife rail (flfe'rail), n. {Naut.) A banister on the break of a poop or around the mast of a vessel. Fit" teen til (fifteenth), n. (Mus.) An organ- stop of two feet in length on the manuals and four feet on the pedals, consisting of open metal pipes. It is tuned one octave above the princi- pal, and two octaves above the open diapason. Fig (fig), n. 1. A small cake of tobacco. [U. S.] Anything of the very least va ue or impor- tance. (Used in contempt or scorn.) "A fig for Peter."—Shakesp.: 2 Henry VI., ii., 3. 3. (Far.) A morbid growth on the frog of a horse's foot consequent on a bruise. Fig (fig.), n' [A contraction of figure.] Dress, array, outfit, equipment ; generally in the phrase, in full fig — in full dress. " Lo ! is not one of the Queen's pyebalds in full fig as great and as foolish a monster ?"—Thack- eray Book of Snobs, ch. xxiv. Figging (fig'glng), n. {Man.) A kind of cant term among dealers in horses for thrusting a 41 corn" (as they call it) of ginger into the funda- ment of a horse or the vagina of a mare, at the time of their being led out for show, for the pur- pose of producing irritation and causing them to lift their tails.—Rees : Cylopoedia. Figlit wite (flght'wlte), n. [Old Eng. Law.] A fine or penalty imposed on any person for quarreling to the disturbance of the peace. Fig Shell (fig'shwy, but without substance ; unreal. " My consolations would be flush and dilute."— Ward : Sermons, p. 63. 4. Slangy cant; as the language spoken by gip-ies. " The squatters on these commons . . . were called the flash men, and their dialect flash talk." —Isaac Taylor : Words and Places, p. 202. Flash, ing (flashing), n. 1. {Hydr. Eng.) Con- centrating a fall of water at one point, so as to increase the depth to allow the passage of a boat from one level to another. The riv«r having a dam across it and a sluice at one point, the sluice- gate is opened, and during the temporary in- . crease of depth in the sluiceway the boat is drawn through. It is a very ancient device, and is still used in many countries with boats of moderate size. 2. {Arch.) (a) A lap-joint used in sheet-metal roofiu-r, where, the edges of the sheets meet on a projecting ridge. (6) A strip of lead leading the drip of a wall into a gutter. Step-flashmgs are those siiuated at the junction of the sloping side of a roof and a wall. They are turned in at each course of bricks, and stepped down a^ the roof descends. Flask (flask), n. 1. {Chem.) A vessel used in a laboratory for sublimation or for digesting in a sand-bath. 2. (Founding.) A frame or box which holds a portion of the mold for casting. If the mold be contained in two pieces, they constitute a two- part flask. The upper part contains the cope, the lower part the drag. Flat (flat), a. 1. {Arch.) Applied to arches which have only a small rise from the springing to the crown. "This Saxon style begins to be defined by flat and round arches."—Walpole: Anecdotes of Painting, vol. i., ch. v. 2. {Gram.) Applied to those letters in which the enunciation of voice (as opposed to breath) is heard. It is opposed to sharp; such letters are 6, d, gr, v, etc. 3. {Mus.) a. Below the true pitch: thus singing or playing on an instrument is said to be flat when the sounds produced tail to reach the true pitch. (6.) Applied to intervals, miuor; as, a flat third, a flat fifth, etc. [Minor.] To fall flat: To produce no effect; to fail in the in- tended effect. Flat (flat), n. 1. The palmtof the hand. 2. The story or floor in a house, especially when occupied by a single family. 3. {Arch.) That part of the covering or roof of a house which is laid horizontal and covered with lead or other material. 4. {Button-making.) A piece of bone for a button-blank. Flat (flat), v. i. To flat out. To fail in anything that promised well at the beginning; to end in disappointment; to fizzle. Flat foot ed (flat-foot ed), a. Firm-footed; re- solute; decided. [Colloq. U. S.] Flat head, Flat head ed (flat'h^ad), (flat"- head'ed), a. 1. {Anthrop.) Having aflat head: specif, in ethnology applied to a tribe of North American Indians, who were said to use artificial means to make their heads flat. 2. {Ichthy.) The name given in Queensland to the anomalous fish genus Ceratodus. Flat-head nail: A forged nail with a round, flat head an 1 a light, rounded, pointed body. Flat ter (flat ter), n. A hammer with a very broad face, used by smiths in flat facing work. "The plaintiff, in the course of his work, used a tool called a flatter, which was held by himself and struck by a hammerman for the purpose of finishing off angle iron."—Standard, Nov. 22, 1882. Flat ter y (flat'ter-y), n. Syn. Flattery, Compliment, Adulation. • Of these, the least strong is Compliment, which i3 an expression filling up one's regard or duty to another. When this is done with a cer- tain stretch of politeness, and the words express not only respect but admiration, the compliment develops into Flattery. Anything is flattery which expresses praise or admiration, not as being simply due and felt, but for the sake of gratifying vanity or gaining favor. Adulation is excessive and exaggerative flattery, accompanied by a feigned subserviency, and is ready to express itself in hypocrisy and falsehood. — Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Flatting (flatting), n. 1. {Glass-making.) The operation of opening out a split cylinder of glpss so as to make it flat. This is performed in a Flatting-furnace (q. v.), and is assisted by a tool having an iron handle and a wooden cross- piece at the end. 2. {Metall.) The act or process of rolling out metal into plates or sheets. Flaut ist (flautist), n. [Ital. flauto =a flute; Eng. suff. -is£.] A performer on the flute; a flutist. Fla ves cent (fla-vSs'sent), a. [Lat. flaves- cens, pr. par. of flavesco=to become yellow; in- cept. from flavus=yellow.] {Bot.) Yellowish, or becoming yellow. Notation: a, e, l, o, u, y, long; a, 6,1, 6. ti, f, short; c&re, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ffirl, rude, push; c, i, o, silent; (as s; §h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; j as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. \ this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester s Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. \ \FLAVIN 311 FLORICULTURE Flav in, Flav ine (flftv'In, flav ine), n. 1. {Com.) A yellow dye stuff imported from Amer- ica in the form of a dark brown powder, said to beidentical with Quercitrin. 2. (Chem.) An organic base isomeric with diphenyl-carbimide. It is formed by the action of ammonium sulphide on dinitrobenzophenones. It forms pale yellow needles, nearly insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether. Fused with caustic Potash, it gives off phenylamine.— Watts: Diet. Chem. Flax plant (fl&x;piant), n. (Bot.) Phormium ten-ax, a New Zealand plant belonging to the Liliacese, and not to the Linaceae. It has a very tenacious fibre=also called Flax-bush, and Flax- lily. Flax weneli (flax'wSnch), n. 1. A woman who dresses flax. 2. A prostitute. [06s.] " My wife's a hobby horsy; deserves a name As rank as any flax-wench.'1'' Shukesp.: Winter's Tale, i. 2. Flea (flea), n. A flea in the ear. Something un- welcome or irritating addressed to any one; a broad hint; a rating. To have a fllea in one's ear: (a) To fail ridiculously in some enterprise or scheme. (6) To receive an annoying sugges- tion; to be addressed in an unwelcome manner. Flea bit ten (flea' bitten), a. Fleak ing (fleak'lng), n. A slight covering of reeds under the main covering of thatched houses. Fleam y (fleHm'y), F .11 of phleghm. [06s.] Fleelie (fla^h), n. Fr., = an arrow. (Fort.) An advanced work at the foot of the glacis, consist- ing of a parapet -with faces forming a salient an- gle, open at the gorge. It has a communication with the covered way cut through the glacis. Flee tor (fl6c tor), n. The same as Flexor: Fleeee (fleece), n. 1. Any covering resem- bling wool in appearance or quality. 2. Anything resembling a fleece or wool. *' Thrice twenty days shall clouds their fleeces drain." Gay; Trivia, bk. i. 3. A snatch; an attempt to fleece or plunder. [06s.] "There's scarce a match-maker in the whole town, but has had a fleece at his purse."—Cent- livre: Beau's Duel, ii. 2. •4. (Carding.) Ihe fine web of carded fibres which are removed by the comb or doffing-kmie from the doffiug-cylinder of a carding-machine Fleeee wool (fleece-wool), n. Wool shorn from the living sheep, as distinguished from skm-wool, which is shorn from the skin of dead animals. Fleet (fleet), v. i. (Naut.) To slip, as a rope or chain, down the barrel of a capstan or windlas. Fleet (fleet), v. t. 1. To skim fresh water off she sea, as practiced at the mouths of the Nile, the Ehone, eic. 2. (Naut.) (a) To draw apart the blocks of a tackle. (b) to allow the cable or hawser to slip on the whelps of the capstan or windlass, from the larger to a part of smaller diameter. Fleat en face (fleeffen-fase), n. A person who has a face of the color of whey. Fleni ish (flem ish), a. [Ger. Fldmisch.] Flemish-Brick, n. A species of brick used for paving ; seventy-two will jmve a square yard. They are of a yellowish color, and harder than the ordinary bricks. Flemish-eye, n. (Naut.) An eye made at the end of a rope, without splic- ing. The ends of the strands are tape* ed, pas-e l over oppositely, marled, and sewed with spun- yarn ; a made-eye, in contradistinction to a epliced-eye. Flemish-horse, n. (Naut.) A foot- rope for the man at the earing in reefing. The horse extends below the yard; the Flemish horse is the outer portion. Flemish (flem ish), n. 1. (Geog.) The people of Flanders collectively. 2. (Philol.) The language spoken by the Flemings. Flesh, er (ASsl^er), n. A butcher. Flesh fill (flesh ful), a. Fat, plump, corpulent, fleshy. [06s.] Flesh hood (flesh/hdod), n. The quality or state of being in the flesh ; incarnation ; cor- poreal or bodily existence. Flesh ing (flesh'ing), n. 1. The business or trade of a butcher.—[Scotch.] 2. (Leather man.) The operation of removing fat, flesh, and loose membrane from the flesh side of skins and hides. The operation follows that of unhairing, and is performed on a beam by a convex knife with a sharp edge. 3. (Theat.) (pi.): Light flesh-colored draw- ers, etc., worn by actors, dancers, etc., to repre- sent the natural skin. Flesh ly mind ed (flSsh'-ly-mlnd'ed), a. Carn- al minded; addicted to sensual pleasures; sensual. Flesh worm (flesh wftrm), n. (Entom.) A maggot, the flesh-feeding larva of a dipterous or other insect, as the maggot and the blowfly. When the sebaceous follicles around the nose are clogged or inflamed, constituting the disease Acne follicularis, they sometimes contain a small arachnidan (spider) of low organization, called in English the maggot-pimple, or in Latin Demo- dex folliculorum. It is not generally called a flesh-worm. Fexieostate (flgx'i-cos^tate), a. [Lat. jflexus = bent, and costa = a rib.] Having the ribs bent or curved. Flexion (fl&k'shun,) n. 1. (Anat.) That motion of a joint whicfi gives the distal member a continually decreasing angle with the axis of the proximate part. 2. (Gram.) The synthetical change of the form of words, as by declension, comparison, or conjugation ; inflection. " The different conjugations in Greek are not varied in the flexion, but only in the character- istic^''—Hammond : Works, ii. 70. Flil) her g'ib (flib'ber-gib), n. [Etym. doubt- ful.] A glib, smooth-tongued taiker; a lying knave. [06s.] **And when these flatterers and flibbergibs shall come and claw you by the back, your grace may answer them thus." — Latimer: Sermons, fo. 39. Fli bus tier (fli-bus'tier), n. The same as Fili- buster. Flick (flick), n. A flitch. Flidge (flidge), Fledged. [06s.] • Flygge as byrdes be, plume U."—Palsgrave. Flidge I.flidge ), v. i. To become fledged; to gain feathers. [06s.] '"They every day build their nests, every day flidge."1—Greene. Fli er ( fli er), n. (Spinning.) A contrivance with arms which revolves rjund the bobbin in the bobbin and fly frame, or the throstle-frame, which machines draw and twist the silver into a roving, or the 1 tter into yarn. The • flyer fits on to the top of the spindle, and one arm (in the bobbin and fly frame) is made hollow to form a passage for the yarn, which enters at the cup above the top cf the spindle, and after a turn or two round the end of the arm is distributed on the bobbin. The flyer rotates with the spindle, and their rotation gives the twist to the yarn. Flin del* mouse (flin der-mouse). n. [A cor- ruption of flicker or flutter mouse ( ?) A bat. Flint i ness (flint'i-ness), n. [Eng. flinty; -ness.] The quality or state of being flinty; hard-heartedness; cruelty. Flint lock (fllnt'loek), n. The old-fashioned lock for fire-arms, in which the hammer held a piece of flint, and came glancing down upon the steel cap of the paa which contained the prim- ing. Flint-locks were invented early in the seventeenth century, and gradually superseded the match-lock. Pyrites or marcasite was aiso used. Flint stone (flint7stone), n. A stone composed of flint or as hard as that mineral. "And the earth becomes as flint-stone.'" Longfellow: Song of Hiawatha, xxi. Flint ware (flint ware), n. (Pottery.) A superior kind of earthenware into whose compo- sition ground flint largely enters. Flip flap (flipfiap), n. The noise of the re- peated stroke of something broad and loose; the noise made by anything fiapp ng about. Flip per (flip per),n. [An attenuated form of flapper. J The hand. [Slang.] Flirt gill (flirt gill), n. A woman of wanton or loose behaviour; a prostitute. [06s.] "I am none of hi* flirtgills\ I am none of his skains-mates."—Shak^sp.: Romeo & Juliet, ii, 4. Flisk (flisk), n. A comb with large teeth. Float Afloat), ii. A sort of dray, for the convey- ance of heavy goods, having the body hung below the axle. Float ease (float'ease), n. (Hydraul. Eng.) A caisson to be attached to a submerged ship or other body, to float it by the expulsion of water and substitution of air in the case. Float er (floater), n. 1. One who floats or starts a business or company. 2. (Hydraul. Eng.) A registering float on a graduated stick, to indicate a level attained be- tween periods of observation. Float ing (float ing), p. a. 1. In circulation ; circulating; not fixed or invested ; free to be in- vested or utilized as occasion requires. "Trade was at an end. Floating capital had been withdrawn in great masses from the island." —Macaulay : Hist. Eng., ch. xii. 2, (Comp. Anat.) Free, disconnected; as, the floating ribs in some fishes. 3. (Plaster.) Used in or intended for floating. Floating-battery: A vessel strengthened so as to be shot-proof, or as nearly so as possible, and intended for operation in comparatively smooth water, for defending harbors or attaching fortifi- cations. Floating-light: A life-preserving buoy, with a light to attract the man overboard, and to direct the crew of a boat coming to his rescue. Floe eose (flde-eose7), a. [Lat. floccosus — full of flocks of wool.] (Bot.) Covered with dense hairs, which fall away in little tufts; flocky, as Verbascum floccosum and pulverulentum. — Lindley. ''Forming a densefloccose, whitish-pink mass." —Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 411, p. 621. Floe cose ly (floe-eOse-ly), adv. In a floccose manner ; with tufts. Floe cus (floe'eus), (pi. fl<3e'-ji)i n> LLat. = a lock or flock of wool.] 1. (Zool.) A long tuft of hair terminating the tail in some mammals. 2. (Bot.) (a) Woolly filaments found nrxed with sporules in the inside of many Gasteromyce- tous Fungals.—Lindley. (6) The external filaments of Byssacece.— Lindley. Flo*"k (fl6ck), n. 1. The congregation or mem- bers oi a Christian church; considered in reia- tion to the pastor or minister in charge of them. 2. Wool-dust used in coating certain portions of tue l atterns in wall papers. Tne wooi is the short refuse of the factory, much of it being derived from the cloth-she^'ing machine. It is scourcd, dyed, dried, and ground, sifted into grades, and dusted over the varnished surface of the paper. 3. A fibrous material for stuffing upholstery, mattresses, eic. It is made by reducing to a degree of fineness, by machinery, coarse woolen cloths, rags, tags, old stockings, etc.. Flock ling (flock'ling), n. A little member of a flock, a young sheep, a lamb. [06s.] Floek ly (flock'ly), adv. In flocks or crowds. Jb'og ger (flog'ger), n. One wTho beats or flogs. Flooi! er (flood er), n. One who floods ; an irri- gate r. Floodgate (fldbd7gate), n. (Fig.) Anything which acts as a restraint or obstruction. "Forced the floodgates of licentious mirth." Coivper : Conversation, 264. Floor (floor), n. 1. The part of the house as- signed to members of a legislative assembly. [CT. 8.] 2. The privilege or right to address an assem- bly. [£/. S. To take the floor. ] (а) To rise to address a public meeting. [U.S.'] (б) To stand up to dance. (Irish.) Floor (floor), v. t. 1. To finish, to get through, to make an end of. 2. To defeat. "The odds wTere, nevertheless, floored from an unexpected quarter."—London Daily Telegraphy Nov. 16, 1882. 3. To bring forward in argument, to table. "I know not what you mean, or whom your proposal, in its genuine sense, strikes ag anst; save that you floor it, to fall on some wnoin you mind to hit right or wrong."—M" Ward: Con- tendings, p. 177._ Floor head (floo^h&ad), n. (Ship-build.) The upper extremity of a floor-timber. Fior a ill our (flor-a-mour/), n. [0. Fr. flor — flower, and«/?iowr=love.j A flower begetting love. [06s.] (Ash.) ^1 A name formerly applied to various culti- vated species of Arnarauthus, as Amaranthus hypochondriac us, A. co.datas, and A. tricolor. —Lyte, in Britten <£• Holland. Flor ail (flor'an), n. [Etyim doubtful.] Fine- grained tin; either scarcely perceptible in the scone or stamped very small. Flo ra scope (flo'ra-seope), n. [Lat. flos (genit. floris=& flower, andGr. o-kottcoj (skopeo)=to view, to examine.] A microscope invented for ex- amining flowers. Flor en tine (fldr'en-tine), a. [Lat. Floren- tinus.] (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Florence. Florentine (flor en-tine), n. (Cookery.) A ■ kind of pastry. [06s.] "bteaiing custards, tarts, and Florentines." Beaum. & Flet.: Woman Hater, v. 1. Flo ret (flo ret), n. , [Fr. fleuret.] A fencing sword, a toil. Flor ic o moiis (flor-ic'o-mous), a. [Lat. flos (genit. floris)=a flower; coma—hair; Eng. adj, suff. -ous.] Having the head or hair wreathej with flowers. > Flor i cul tu ral (flor'i-eul^tu-ral),®. Of qt re- lating to to the culture of flowering plants. Flor i cul ture [flor'i-eui-ture), n. [Lat. floris (genit. flos)=a flower, and cuZfwra=cul1nire.] Notation: a, 6,1, 0, u, y, long; a, 6,!, 6. ii, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, ruide, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; ghaash; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; §asz; x as gz; o as in linger, liok; tfa as in thine. "On this page will be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.FLORILEGE 312 FO The cultivation or culture of flowers or flower- ing plants. Flori lege (flOr'I-lege), n. [Lat. florilegus=co\- lecting flowers; flos (genit. floris)—a. flower, and lego =to gather, to collect. 1. The act of gathering or culling flowers. 2. A treatisejm flowers; an anthology. Flo roon (flo-roonOi n. [Fr. fleuron, from fleur = a flower.] A border or edge embroidered with flowers. Floss (fl6ss), n. Cf. Ger. fluss, floss= a stream, irom fleissen=to flow.J A little stream of water; a rivulet. Flot ant, Float ant (flot'ant, float'ant), a. IFr. flottant, pr. par. of flotter—to float.] {Her.) Floating or streaming in the air, as a bird or a banner; applied to a bird it is the same as dis- closed. Flo ta tion (flo-ta'tion), n. The scienee which treats of floating bodies. " We made some experiments in flotation. "— Macmillan's Magazine, Oct. 1881, p. 422. Plane or line of flotation: The plane or line which cuts a body horizontilly when floating in a fluid. Flour (flour), n. The state in which any sub- stance is when reduced to a fine powder. Flour y (floury), a. [O. Fr. flori, flouri.~\ 1. Covered with flour; like flour. 55. Covered with or full of flxswers; flowery. [06s.] "I fell upon that flowry flaght." Old Eng. Allit. Poems; Pearly 57. Flow (flow), v. i. To discharge blood excessively from the womb. Flow (flow), v. t. To varnish; to coat with var- nish. Flow age (flOw'age), n. The act of flowing; the state of being overflowed. Flow er (flower), n. {Print.) Ornamental types or blocks for borders of pages, cards, and the like; used chiefly in the plural. Flow er-liead (flow'er-head), n. (Bot.) A Kind of infloresence in which numerous florets are inserted into a broad receptacle, acapitulum. Flow er ing-fern (flow'er-ing-f6rn), n. (Bot.) Osmunda Regals, formerly called ilix florida or F. florescens. Flow er-pieee (flow'er-pie^e), n. A picture representing flowers. Flown (flown), a. Puffed up, inflated. "When night Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown, with indolence and wine." Milton: P. £., i. 502. Floxed-silk (flflxed'-silk), n. Floss-silk. Flue tif er OUS (fluc-tlfer-ous, a. [Lat. fluctus =a wave,/ero=to bear, to produce, and Eng. adj. suff. -ows.] Producing or tending to produce waves. Flue ti son OUS (fliic-tls'on-otis), a. [Lat. flue- tus=a wave, sono=to sound, and Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Giving out a sound like waves. Flue tu abil i ty (fltic'ta-a-bll^l-ty), n. [Eng. fluctuable; -ity.] Capability of or liability to fluctuation. Fluet u ate (fliiet'Q-ate), v. i. Syn. Fluctuate, Waver, Vacillate. To fluctuate conveys the idea of strong agitation: waver and vacillate that of constant motion backward and forward: when applied in the moral sense, to fluctuate des- ignates the action of the spirits or the opinions; to waver and vacillate is said only of the will or opinions: he who is alternately merry and sad in quick succession is said to be flluctuating; or he who has many opinions in quick succession is said to fluctuate; he who cannot form an opin- ion, or come to a resolution, is said to waver; while he vacillates who goes forward or back- ward in his opinions or resolutions without any fixed determination.—Fallows' Synonyms Dis- CVift%\YbCLt(Z(l/ • Fluet u a tion (fltiet'a-a^tion), n. (Med.) The perceptible motion conveyed to pus or other fluids when the adjacent parts are subjected to pressure or percussion. Flue (flfle), n. 1. A passage in a wall for the conveyance of heat from one part of a building to another. 2. (Mus.) One of the divisions of organ- stops, so called because the sound is produced by the wind passing through a fissure, flue, or wind- way, and striking against an edge above. 3. (Steam-eng.) A pipe for the conveyance of the caloric current through a boiler, to heat the surrounding water. It is usually secured in the sheets of the fire-box and smoke-box respective- ly, as in the locomotive. Flue (fltie), n. [Etym. doubtful, perhaps only a variant of flocTc."] Soft down or fur, such as may float in the air; fluff. Flu ent ness (fl&'ent-nSss), n. The character- istic or state of being fluent; fluency. "The fluentness and consistencie of time has not this inconvenience."—Mountague: Devoute Essayes, pt. ii., tr. xii., § 3. Fluffy (fluff}'), Like fluff; composed of fluff or light flocculent matter; fluey. "And she seemed, in her white fluffy dress, Like a bud I must stroke and caress." Hilda among the Broken Gods (1878), 126. Flu Id ize (flu-id-ize), v- t. To make fluid; to convert into a fluid. Fluke (fluke), n. 1. (Mining.) The head of a charger; an instrument used for cleansing the hole previous to blasting. 2. (Zool.) One of the two triangular divi- sions of the tail of a whale, so called from their resemblance to the fluke of an anchor. Fluk y, Flook y (fluk-y, flobk-y), a. Shaped like a fluke; having a fluke. "To heave theflooky anchors from the sand." Rowe: Lucan; Pharsalia, ii. 1,076. Flu ntin OUS (fla'mln-ous, a. [Lat. flumineus, from flumen (genit. fluminis)=a river; fluo—to flow.] Relating to rivers; abounding in rivers: well-watered. Flunk (flunk), n. [Etym. doubtful.] 1. A lazy, lounging fellow; a shirk. Flun ky flWky), n. One who from inexperi- ence is easily deceived in buying stocks or shares ; an inexperienced jobber. [ U. S.] Flun ky dom, Flun key dom (fltin'ky- dom, fliio'key-dom), n. 1. Flunkeys collec- tively. 2. The position or condition of flunkeys; the domain or circle of flunkeys. "You've been off and on lately between flun- keydorn and the cause."—C. Kingsley: Alton Locke, ch. xxvii. Flun ky ism, Flun key ism (flun'ky-lsm, flun key-igm), n. The quality or characteristics of a flu»key; cringing servility, toadyism. Flu o phos pliate (flu o-phos"phate), n. (Chem.) A compound containing a phosphate and a fluoride, as Apatite, which is phosphate of cal- cium, containing also fluoride of calcium. Flu or albus (flu'or ai'bus). (Pathol.) An old name for the disease called Leucorrhcea. Fu orated (fla^or-at'&d), a. (Chem.) Com- bined with hydrofluoric acid. Flu or es eent (fla'or-gs'^ent), a. Having the quality of fluorescence; pertaining to fluores- cence. Flu or OUS (flQ/or-oils), a. [Lat. fluor, and Eng., etc. suff. -ows.] (il/m., etc.) Relating to or containing fluorite. Flur ry (flur'ry), n. When a whale which has received a fatal wound rises to the surface, spouts blood, and lashes the sea with its tail, it is said to be in its flurry. Flush (flush), v. t. 1. To cause to startup or fly off; a*, To flush a covey of birds. "Flushing numbers of ptarmigan."—Metcalf: The Oxonion hi Iceland, p. 130. 2, To cleanse by turning on a sudden rush of water: as, To flush a drain. Flusli (flilsh), a. (Cards.) Applied to a hand consisting of cards of the same suit; holding a flush. Flusli (flush), n. 1. A flo.k of birds suddenly started or flushed. "Flowne at & flush of ducks f oreby the brooke." Spenser: F. Q., V. ii. 54. 2. Abundance. "1 .bought o> the bonny bit thorn that our father rooted out o' the yard last May, when it had a' the flush o' blossoms on it."—Scott: Heart of Mid-Lothian, ch. xx. 3. A piecd of moist ground; a place where water frequently lies; a morass, a bog. 4. (Cards.) A hand consisting of cards all of the same suit. "There was nothing silly in it [whist] like the nob in cribbage — nothing superfluous. No flushes, that most irrational of all pleas."—Lamb: Elia; Mrs. Battle. Flus ter a tion (flus'ter-a^tion), n. The act of confusing or flustering; the state of being eon- fused; confusion; fluster. [Colloq.] Flus tra (flus7tra), n. [Lat.=the sea in its quiet state, a calm.] (Zool.) Sea mat. A genus of Molluscoida, class Polyzoa, order Infundibulata, and family Escharidse, if not itself the type of one (Flustridse). The species, and especially the com- mon one, Flustra foliacea, are regarded by vis- itors to the coast as sea-weeds, which they some- what resemble, but the frond, which is mat-like in color, is all dotted over with holes, each of which is inhabited by a polypide, or its offspring by gemma ion, in one sense distinct yet still con- nected with the parent, like branches v*:th the roots of a tree. They are found on our rocky shores abundantly. Flus tra tion (flus-tra/tion). n. Confusion; flurry; flusteration. " Then was this pretty little actress whom he admired in a great state of flustration."—Morti- mer Collins: Two Plunges for a Pearl, vol. ii., ch. vii. Flute (flute), n. 1. A long, thin, French roll, eaten at breakfast. 2. (Mus.) A stop on an organ. They are of two kinds, open and stopped; and are equally common in metal and wood.—Stainer & Barret. Flute Stop (flute'stop), n. (Mus.) See Flute, n. 2. Flu vi o ma rine (flu'vi-o-ma-rlne"), a. [Lat. fluvius=& river, and marinus=marine, from mare=he sea.] Related to both a river and the sea. Fluviomarine strata. (Geol.) Strata laid down in the bed of the sea by an adjacent river. Flux i ble ness (flfix'I-ble-nSss), n. The eapa- bleness, or state of being fluxible; fluxibility. Flux ile (fltix'ile), a. [Low Lat. fluxilis, from Lat. fluxus=a glowing.] Fluxible; capable of being fused or melted. Flux ion (fluk'shun), n. (Math.) x A method of calculation resulting from the operation of flu- ents, or flowing numbers. Thus a mathematical line may be considered as produced by the flux- ion or flowing of a point; a surface by the fluxion of a line, and a solid by the fluxion of a surface. A mathematical point in motion will really make a line; a revolving radius which is a line will make a circle which is a surface, and its revolu- tion about its diameter will generate a sphere which is a solid. The same principle may be ap- plied to purely numerical calculations, like the formulae of algebra. If of two quantities, x and. 2/, the increase of x at a uniform and given rate produces an increase or decrease of y: and if x' and y' represent the velocity of x and y respect- fully, then y' is equal to the function of x and y depending on the equation connecting them, the whole multiplied by x'. In this formula x and y were called by Newton fluents, and x' and y' their fluxions. This branch of the higher math- ematics was invented by Newton in a. d. 1665. On October 24, 1676, he communicated his meth- od to Oldenburg in a sentence with all the letters disarranged so that his correspondent could not possibly have put them in order. If he had suc- ceeded in doing this the sentence would have been "Datasequatione quotcunque fluentesquan- titates involvente fluxiones invenire et vice ver- sa." Leibnitz received this letter in 1677, and in 1684, explained a discovery which he had made. It was that of the differential calculus, which was essentially the same as that of fluxions. What Mewton called fluxions, Leibnitz called differen- ces. An angry controversy subsequently arose between Newton and Leibnitz as to priority of discovery, the Royal Society of London taking the part of the former, who was then its presi- dent, and the scientific men of Germany that of the latter, who was their countryman. Both ap- pear to have made the discovery independently. In the slight differences of method which exist, the advantage lay with Leibnitz, and while the term fluxions is now scar ely ever used, that of differ- ential calculus is in common use. The first ele- mentary treatise on fluxions published in Eng- gland was by John Harris, in a. d. 1702. A de- scription of the process by Newton himself fol- lowed in 1704, in his Quadrature of Curves. Fly (fly), v. i. To fly arouyid. To do anything in haste ; to move about quickly. [Colloq. j Fly (fly), n. No flies on one. (A phrase, originat- ing perhaps, from the fact that a person is so active that the flies have no chance to light on him.) Active ; wide-wake ; fully up to the mark; equal to the best. [Slang.] Fly-book (ffy bobk), n. A case in the form of a book consisting of small pieces of flannel, used by anglers to keep artificial flies m. Fly flap per (fly'flap'per), n. 1« One who drives away flies with a flyflap. *2. A flyflap. Fly-mail (fly'-m&n), n. A driver of a fly or light vehicle * Fly-trap (fly'-tr&p), n. (Bot.) Apocynum and- roscemifolium. Venus^s fly-trap. (Bot.) Dioncea muscipula. Fo (fo) n. [Chinese. See def.] The spelling of the word Booddh intended to indicate the pro- nunciation of the name of that god in China, where his adherents are numbered by hundreds of millions. It is the nearest approach which the Chinese are capable of making to the correct pronunciation, but a Hindoo would regard it as far from accurate. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, u, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, tl, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; 5 at} s; gh as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. J$§F-0n this page will he found all new words; also all words in tHe latest editions of botli Webster's and Worcester's Unabridgea \ Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. \F. O. B. 313 FORBID F. O. B. (f. o. b.) [An abbreviation for Free On Board.] (Com. & Naut.) See etym. Often used in contracts for the sale of goods conveyed by ship, implying that the cost of shipping must be paid bv the buyer. Fo cal (fo'eal), a. (Fig.) Constituting the point or place whence any influence emanates ; a centre-point. "In 1691, Titus, in order to be near the focal point of political intrigue and faction, had taken a house within the precinct of Whitehall.—Ma- caulay ; Hist. Eng., ch. xviii. Focal-distance, (a) Of the parabola: The distance between the focus and the vetex. (b) Of the ellipse and, the hyberbola : The distance be- tween the foci and the center. Principal focal distance. (Optics.) The distance between the principal focus and a concave mirror. Fo cal ize (fo'eallze), v. t. To reduce to a focus; to focus. "Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear."—DeQuincey. (Webster.) Fo cil late (fo Qil-late), v. t. [Lat. focillatus, pa. par. ot focillatus, pa. par. of focillo=to revive a benumbed person by means of fire or heat; foe us — fire, a hearth.] To cherish, to warm. [06s.] Focus (fO'eus), n. Luminous focus: (Optics.) The focus of light rays. Principal focus: (Optics.) The focus of parallel rays striking a concave mirror. Vertical focus : (Optics.) A radiant point behind a mirror, from which rays may be held to diverge more and more, and in which, looking at them now as coming from the opposite direction, and conse- quently as convergent, they would tend to meet, F«e tal (foetal), a. Fetal. Foe tor (foe tor), n. Fetor. Fog (fOg), n. (Fig.) A state of confusion, doubt, or perplexity Fog (f<3g), v. t. (Fig.) To puzzle, to perplex. "We turn what we say into tangle talk so as to fog them."—London Daily Telegraph, Sept. 29, 1883. Fog bell (fOg'bSll), n. (Naut.) A bell upon a vessel, buoy, or spit of land, and rung by the motion of the waves, or force of the wind, as a warning to mariners. Fo gey, fo gy (fo'ge^, fo gy), n. [Etym. doubtful.] An old-fashioned, eccentric, or singu- lar person. "My part, you know, is always that of the old Fogy, who sees nothing to admire in the young folks."—George Eliot: Adam Bede, iii., ch. xxii. Fogey dom, Fogy dom (fo'gey-dom, fo'- gy-dom), n. The state or condition of a fogey. "These accessories seem to indicate that he has a hobby of some sort, characteristic of app- oach- ing fogy dom."—Illus. London News, Oct. 27, 1883, p. 432. Fo gey ism, Fo gy Ism (fo'geHsm, f&gf- !gm), n. The manners, habits, or characteristics of a fogey. Fo gle (fd'gle), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A silk handkerchief. (Slang.) "If you don't take fogies and tickers."—DicTcens: Oliver Twist, ch. xviii. Fogle-hunter. One who steals handkerchiefs, a i)ickpocket. Fog less (fdg'less), a. Clear; free from fog. Fog ring (fdg'rlng), n. (Meteorol.) A bank of fog occurring in a ring or circular form. In is not unfrequently observed off the coasts of New- foundland. Fog sig nal (fdg^slg'nal), n. 1. (Naut.) (a) A signal made onboard ships in foggy weather by the sounding of a whistle, ringing of a bell, etc., in order to prevent collisions. (b) A fog-alarm. (Rail.) A detonating bell, placed on the rails to indicate danger to the engineer of a pas- senger train. Fo gy (fo'gy), n. See Fogey. Fo gy ism (fo'gy-ism), n. See Fogeyism. Foil (foil), n. (Arch.) A leaf in architecture or carving, as a trefoil ornament; or a window, having lobes like clover, and then said to be tre- foiled, quatrefoiled, cinquefoiled, etc. Foin er y (foin'er-y), n. (Fencing.) The act of making feints or thrusts with a foil; fencing. [Obs.] Fold yard (fold'yard), n. A yard in which sheep or cattle are folded for feeding. Foliation (fOli-a^tion), n. 1. (Oeol.) The separation of schistose or other rocks into layers capable of being detached from each other. The laminse generally split parallel to the line of stratification* They have often between them a layer of Mica. Example, mica-schist. *Z. (Arch.) (See extract). "Feathering or foliation .... an arrange- ment of small arcs or foils separated by project- ing cusps .... may be otherwise explained to consist in placing a foil arch within a plain arch that will fit it, which is then said to be foli- ated."—Glossary of Architecture. Fo li O (fo'll-o), n. [Lat. ablative sing, of folium =a leaf.] 1. (Print.) The running number of the pages of a book. The even folios are on the left-hand pages, the odd upon the right. The folios of prefatory matter are frequently in lower- case Roman numerals. ?£. (Law.) A certain number of words in legal documents; in conveyances, deeds, etc., the folio, is seventy-two words; in parliamentary proceed- ings ninety words. Fo li OS i ty (fo'll-ds"!-^), n. The bulk or volu- minousness of a folio; discursiveness; diffuseness. "He does not shoot into German foliosity.'1'1— De Quincy. (Ogilvie.) Folk lore (fOk'lOre), n. Popular superstitions, tales, tradations or legends. Of late years the importance of the study of folklore has met with increasing recognition from students of anthro- pology and of comparitive religion. It is worthy of note that many liyths are found in a some- what similar form among peoples widely diver- gent in race and locality. By some writers this fact is claimed in support of the Mosaic cosmog- ony: while others see in it a strong proof in favor of the theory of Evolution, and a moans of trac- ing the steps to which man has advanced to his present position. The term folklore was first in- troduced by Mr. W. J. Thom in a. d. 1846. " Modern folklore holds either that a knocking or rumbling on the floor is an omen of a death about to happen; that dying persons them- selves announce their dissolution to their friends in such strange sounds."—Tyler: Primitive Cul- ture (1873). i. 145. Folk, lor ist (fok'lor-ist), n. One skilled in or devoted to the study of folklore. 4* Inhere can be no doubt of the value of such a collection to folklorists and authropologists."— Athenceum, May 12. 1883, p 603. Folk mot ei% Folk moot er (fok; mot er), fOk^moofer), n.. [Eng. folkmot(e); -er. ] One who frequents or attends a folkmoot; a democrat. [06s.] " Keep your problems of ten groats, these mat- ters are not for pragmatics and folkmooters to babble in."—Milton: Colasterion. Fol lie U lar (fOl-lIe'tt-lar), a. [Lat. follicularis."] (Bot.) Relating to or like a follicle; formed of follicles. Follicular glands. (Anat.) Small rounded se- creting bodies, found in various parts of the ali- mentary mucus membrane. They are called ,so Conglobate and Lymphoid Glands, and may be solitary or agminated.— Quain. Fol low (fOl'lOw), v. t. To follow on. (Cricket.) When the side which goes in second in a game of cricket fail to make within a certain number of the runs made by their opponents in the first in- nings, they have to go in a second time at once; this is called following on. The word is also used substantively. "The professional made four fours in quick succession, and the follow on was soon saved."— Standard, Sept. 3, 1882. To follow suit. (Cards.) To play a card of the same suit*as that first played; hence, generally, to follow the same line or course of action as that taken by a predecessor. Syn.— Follow, Pursue. "The idea of going after anything in order to reach or obtain it is common in these terms, but under different cir- cumstance; one follows a person mostly with a friendly intention; one pursues with a hostile in- tention . In application to things, follow is taken more in the passive, aud pursue more in the active sense; a man follows the plan of another, and pursues his own plan; he follows his inclinations, and pursues an object."—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Fol low (fOl'lOw), v. i. Syn. Follow, Succeed, Ensue. Persons and things Follow and Succeed; only things Ensue. Tofolloiv is to move behind in the same direction, whether with a view to and overtake or not. Hence, in analogous senses, to adhere, as to a leader, to copy as an original, to succeed, to result. To succeed is to follow in such a way that the subsequent thing takes the place of the preceding. One such case is sufficient to constitute a succession, as, 4 The son succeeds to his father's estate;' but what has been once may be repeated in more cases, and succeed may be predicated of several things following in order or series. Ensue is to follow in virtue of a principle of sequence, either in the relation of cause and effect, inference, or chronological succession.— Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Fol low er (fdMow-er), n. 1. (Law stationers.) A sheet of parchment added on to the first sheet of an indenture or other law. H. (Scots Law.) One who pursues or sues another at law. "Gif he be absent & contumace at the secunde summondis, he salbe condampnit be the Juge in the expensis of the folowar, & in xl s. for the kin^is vnlaw."—Pari. Jas. II. (1449), Acts (ed. 1815), p. 37. , Fool liar di hood (fool//har/dl-hc5od), n. Fool- hardiness. _ Fool i fy (fool'I fy), v. t. To make a fool of, to fool. [06s.] "They being thoroughly taught how with ex- cessive flatterie to bear him up, foolified and gulled the man."—P. Holland: Ammianus Mar- cellinus, p. 43. Fool isli (foorish), a. Syn. Foolish, Absurd, Irrational, Preposterous. Absurd denotes that which jars against common sense and received notions of propriety and truth; as, wheu an argument is reduced to an ab- surdity on which every man's judgment is com- petent to determine; or, when men form absurd, that is, practically improbable, expectations. Foolish denotes a deficient or heedless exercise of reason even on a small scale. So the conduct of children is never called irrational, though it is often foolish. The irrational is unsound in principle, the foolish in purpose and motive. We speak of a foolish person, a foolish en- terprise, when there is absolute weakness or fatuity. Preposterous contradicts everyday notions of right relationship, as the absurd contradicts everyday notions of fitness. Hence, to say that a thing is preposterously ab- surd, is to say that it has such gross unfitness as might be demonstrated to amount to a contra- diction of the common sequences of cause and ef- fect.—Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Foot hill (foot hill), n. A hill lying ai the base of a range of mountains. Footprint (footprint), n. (Paleon.) One of the footmarks or imprints left at inconceivably remote periods by the feet of various animals on the wet clay or sand of sea-beaches or similar lo- calities, and which are now found at various levels in the solid strata of the earth. The foot- prints in the Silurian and other very antique rocks, are mostly those produced by the claws o£ crustaceans. In the Triassic rocks of Connecti- cut, in America, the foot-prints of thirty-two or more species of bipeds, and twelve quadru- peds, have been found. In rocks of nearly the same age in Europe, footprints, so like those of the human hand that the animal making them was called at first Chirotherium, was at last skil- fully assigned by Prof. Owen to the genus of am- phibians called by him, from its teeth, Laby- rinthodon. It is in allusion to this phenomenon that Longfellow speaks of a hero leaving "foot- prints on the sands of time." Foot valve (foot'v&lve), n. (Steam engine.) The lower valve between the air-pump and condenser. Fop pish (fOp pish), a. Syn. Foppish, Finical, Dandytsh, bpruce, Coxcomical. The charac- ter of a fop is that of a man whose ambition it is to win admiration by personal ap- pearance and dress. He is silly, pert, and affect- ed, not so much on purpose as because he has no conception of any higher ideal than that which he seeks to realize. Finical is affectedly fine. The finical person is a man of little mind. He is conceitedly careful of minutiae about himself— the syllables which he clips, the details of dress and ornaments to which he pays attention. The Dandy is a man who has a weakness for dress or personal finery; which, however, is often very innocent. Men of great worth and intellectual attainments have been touched by it. Spruce, of which the origin is very uncertain, denotes such neatness of attire as fails to produce any effect of elegance or dignity. Coxcomb denotes a vain, showy man, not necessarily vain or showy in dress, though there will be a livelihood of it, whose conceit lies in magnifying his own super- ficial acquirements. The coxcomb is a sort of in- tellectual fop .—Fallows' Synonyms Discrcmin- ated. Foot way (foot'way), w, A path or way for foot- passengers; a foot-path. For bear ant (for-be&r'ant), a. Forbearing; indulgent; patient. "With forbearant submissiveness."—Carlyley Miscellanies, iii. 327. / Forbear an tly (for-beftr'ant-l^), adv. In a forbearing or patient manner; with forbearance. For bid (for-bid7), v. t. Syn. Fobbii^ Pro- hibit. Forbid is Anglo Saxon and is more famil- iar. Prohibit is derived from the Latin, and is Hotatiof: a, ©, 1, 0, tl, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, ft, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, t&rm; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; ch as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; s as gz; o as in linger, liok; lb as in thine^^ tEis page will be found all new words; also all words In the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, net confined in the original Webster. FORBIDDEN-FRUIT 314 FOUND more formal or official. Both words indicate the individual exercise of power or authority, but prohibit is further extended to the authority of government. Thus we say, k"His parents for- bade him to stay out late;" "Tre son is pro- hibited by the government."—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. For bid den-fruit (for-bid den-fruit), n. 1. The fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, which our first parents were command- ed not to eat. What fruit it was is wholly un- known. (Gen. ii. 9; iii. 3-6, 11, 17.) it. (Bot.) Various species o> Citrus. In the West Indies and in various parts of the world it is Cit- rus Paradisi, a small-fruited variety of the Shad- dock (Citrus decumana). The fo; bid en-fruit of the French is the Sweet-shinned orange (a variety of the common orange (C. Aurantium)', that of Italy a variety o the Lime (C. Limettu).. Force (fOr^e), n A body of men trained for action in anyway : as, a police force. Syn—Force, Strength. Force is strength put in action, or is the outward expression of strength; strength is an inward capabi ity or energy, and expresses the quality of b^ing strong. A man collects his strength to strike with force. We speaK of the strength of body or mind ; of t ;e force of habit or circumstances. We say, "The strength of the defences resisted all attacks "The force of the attack caused the enemy to re- treat."—Fallows'> Synonyms Discriminated. Fore bay (fore -bay), n. (Hydraul.') A reservoir or conductor between a mill-race and a water- wheel. The discharging-end of a head or mill- race. The term is the equivalent of pen chute or penstock, but is used especially in regard to water-wheels which receive and discharge water at their pe ipheries, such as the under-shot, over- shot, breast, and flutter-wheels. Fore bod y (fore7 bod y), n. (Naut.) The fore- part of a ship, from the mainmast to the stern. Fore bow (fore' bow), n. (Saddlery.) The pom- mel or horn of a saddle. Fore gang; er (fore'gang'er), (Naut. ) A short rope fastened to the harpoon, to which the rope is bent. Fore run ner (fore//rftn'ner), n. (Naut.) A piece of red bunting on a logline at a certain distance, say twelve or fifteen fathoms from the log-chip ; the fathoms begin to count at the fore- runners, and the noncounting portion is called the strayline. The latter is an allowance to allow the log to be out of the ship's dead-water. [Log.] Fore tell (fore-tSll'j, v. t. Syn.— Foretell, Predict. Foretell has reference to what, by cal- culation, we are pretty cert in will happen; predict refers to what is purely conjectural; we may foretell common events, although we cannot predict anything important. Astronomers can foretell by calculations, when an eclipse will take place. Astrologers predict Xtie future fortunes of me i.—Fallows'' Synonyms Discriminated. For fl.c ula (for-fie u la), n. [Lat., = a pair of small shears or sv-issors.] (Etom.) The typical genus of the family For- ficulidce ; the earwigs. For get ful ness (for-g&t'ful-n&ss), n. Syn.— Forgetfulness, Oblivion. Forgetfulness relates to persons, and denotes an act or state of the mind; oblivion refers to a state of things. Oblivion is used of things forgotten•, forgetf ulness, of those who forget them. Thus we speak of the forgetfulness of men, and of a custom as being buried in oblivion.—Fallows' Synonyms Discrimi- nated. For give ness (for-glve'nSss), n. Syn.—For- giveness, Pardon.—Forgiveness is the stronger term of the two. It refers to an inward feeling and supposes estranged affection. Pardon, on the other hand, is applied more to trifling matters, or to what points more to outward things or conse- quences. We ask forgiveness when our primary object is the removal of anger. We beg pardon for jostling a man accidently, or for interrupting a conversation. The government can grant a pardon to a criminal, but not forgiveness—Fal- lows' Synonyms Discriminated. > ork (fork), n. In fork: (Mining) A term ap- plied to a mine when it is free from water and in working order: the engine is said to leave the water in forlc. Fork, eliuck (fdrk'chuck), n. (Turn.) A piece of steel projecting from the live spindle and car- rying the front centre and a pair of joints which enter the wood and cause it to rotate. Fork i wess (f6rk7i-n6ss) n. The quality or si-ate of being forked or forky. For lorn (for-ldrn'), a. Syn.—Forlorn, For- saken. Forlorn relates to persons only; forsaken, to persons, places, or things. Forsaken relates to the act of those who abandon ; forlorn points to the state of the abandoned. A forsaken man is one who is but partially deprived of society. A man deprived of all society and help, is forlorn. Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Formal (f6rmal),a. Syn. Formal, Ceremonial, Ceremonious. Formal possesses the twofold meaning of according to form, and denotes an excess oiform, as, "to make a,formal call," "to receive a formal appointment or dismissal." As applied to persons or their manners, the term has always an unfavorable sense—a person being called formal who does anything too much or too demonstratively upon pattern and rule; over- precise in look. speech, manner, or arrangements. Ceremonious and Ceremonial had, formerly, the same meaning, till ceremonial rested in the sense of connected with public ceremony, and ceremon- ious branched off into the sense of dealing over- much m conventional forms of demeanor. Men are formal for themselves, ceremonious towards others.—Falloivs' Synonyms Discriminated. For ilia tioil (for-ma tion), n. 1. '(Mil.) A disposition ot troops in a square, column, etc. it. (Philol.) The forming of a word, as by derivation, er the uses of affixes or prefixes. " Accent is related to music or song; as appears in til % formation of the Latin word, from ad and ca n tus."—Beattie: Moral Science, pt. 1-, ch. i., § 11. Form a tive (idrm'a-tlve), n. A word formed according to some rule or usage, as from a root. For mer (form er), n. 1. One who or that which forms; a creator. it. A shape around which an article is molded; woven, wrapped, pasted or otherwise constructed. A templet, pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped, as pottery, or an object in the lathe. A cutter by which patterns, blanks, wads, or pieces are cut from sheets for various purposes. For mi ea (formi-ea), [Lat. = an ant.] (En- tom.) The typical genus of the family Formieidse which includes the ant. For mi eate (ror/mI-cate), a. [Lat. formic(a)= an ant; -ate.] Like an ant; pertaining to or in any way connected with the genus Formica. For mid a bit i ty (fOr'mld-a-bil^I-ty), n. The property of being formidable or alarming; for- midableness. " Who reduces their formidability by being sent to raise two clans."—Walpole: To Mann, ii. 98. For mid O lose (for-mid O-lOse), a. [Lat. for- midolosus, from formido—dread, fear.j Dread- ing greatly; greatl/ afraid. Form less liess (fOrnVlSss-nSss), n. The qual- ity or state of being formless; shapelessness. For mu la ris tie (for'ma-la-rLs'tie), a. Re- lating to or characteristic of formularization. For mu late (f6r mu-late), v. t. [Lat. for- mula.] To reduce to or express in a formula ; to put or set down in a syst-ma ic and comprehen- sive form; to declare or set forth clearly and distinctly. "The General Synthesis . . . proceeds to formu- late in such terms the successive phases of pro- gressing life."—Herbert Spencer: Psychology (1870), i., p. viii. For mu lize (for'mii-lize), v. t. To reduce; to or explain in a formula; t<> formulate. "To formulize and impress the uncertain tenantright custom with the authority of law was the chief object of the Land Act of 1870."—F. Dun, in Times, April 14, 1881. For myl, Form ule (far'myl, fdrm'tile), n. [-yle = Gr. vAtj (hide) = matter.] (Chem.) A monad fatty acid radical, contained in formic acid. This name was formerly given to the triad radical (CH) '7, which is contained in chloroform, CH'^'Glg. For sak en ness (for-sak'en-ress), n. The state of being abandoned or rejected. For sooth (for-soothO, v. t. To address with the word forsooth ; hence, to address in a polite and ceremonious manner. [Bare. ] "The captain . . . had forsoothed her."—Pepys: Diary, Jan. 1661. _ For sooth (for-sooth'), n. One who is very polite and ceremonious to ladies; a ladies' man ; a cox- comb. [.Rare.] "You sip so like a forsooth of the city."—B. Jonson : Penates. For ti tu din ous (fdr'ti-tti^dln-ous), n. [Lat. fortitudo, genit. fortitudin(is) ; Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Possesing fortitude, firmess, or courage; firm; courageous. "As brave and as for titudinous a man as any in the kings dominions."—Fielding: Amelia bk. v., ch. vi. For tu i tism (for-tiVi-tlgm), n. [Lat. fortuit (us), and Eng. suff. -ism.] (Phil.) The belief the adaptations in nature are produced by the operation of natural laws operating "fortuitous- ly;" by which is here meant undesignedly. It does not mean capriciously, in-dependently of all law. Fortuitism is contradistinguished from belief in final causes. (See extract under For- tuitist; ) For tu i tist (for-ttVI-tist), n# One who adopts or defends the principles of Fortuitism (q. v,), as opposed to a teleologist or a believer in the doctrine of final causes. " There will always be teleologists, no doubt, and there will always be fortuitists (if we may coin a needful corelative term); but the great point is that Professor Mivart's teleology now so nearly approaches Mr. Darwin's fortuitism that the dif- ference between them is reduced to a matter of abstract hyphothesis."—St. James's Gazette, April 14, 1881. Fort u nate (fdrtfa-nate), a. Syn.—Lucky, Pros- perous, Succesful. The fortunate and lucky are both applied to that which happens without the control of man. The fortunate is more ac- cording to the ordinary course of things ; the lucky is something sudden, unacountable, and singular. Prosperous and successful seem to ex- clude the idea of what is fortuitous, although pros- perity and success are both greatly aided by good fortune. Fortune and lucky are applied as much to the removal of evil as to the attainment of good; prosperous and successful are concerned only in wlrtit is good, or esteemed as such : we may be fortunate in making our escape ; we are prosperous in the acquirement of wealth. For- tunate is employed for single circumstances; prosperous only for a train of circumstances. The fortunate and lucky man can lay no claim to merit, because they preclude the idea of exer- tion; properous and successf ul may claim a share of merit proportioned to the exertion.—Crabb : Eng. Synonyms. Fort ulie book (fCrtfane-bdok), n. A book for telling about future events, or fortunes. For ty eight mo (fdr'ty-af'-mo), n. [Eng. forty-eight, and -mo, the termination of most Lat. ordinal adverbs.] (Print.) A book made up of sheets printed forty-eight pages on a side; usually written and printed 48mo. For ward er (f6r ward-er), n. 1. One who helps forward, hastens, or promotes anything; a promoter. "Nor am I accessary, . . . Helper, seconder, persuader, forwarder, Principal, or maintainer, of this vile theft.'* Barry: Bam Alley, v. 1. it. One who sends forward or transmits goods j a goods-carrier, a forwarding merchant. Fossil i II ea tion (fds-sii'i-fi-ca^tion), n. The process by which substances become fossilized. Fos Sil ism (fds'sll-igm), n. The science of fossils ; that branch of paleontology which treat® of fossil substances. Fos sil ized (ftis'sil-ized), p. a. To become antiquated and incapable of being influenced or affected by present circumstances. Fo tive (fo'tlve), a. [Lat. fotus, pa. par. offoveo =to cherish, to foster.] Nourishing, fostering, fertilizing. [Ofcs.] " With my distilling dews and fotive heat." Carew: Caelum Britann., C. 4. Fot mal (fdt'mal). A weight of seventy pounds of lead. Simmonds. Foul (foul), a. 1. (Base-Ball). Applies to a ball which first strikes the ground outside the base lines. 2. (Billiards) Applied to a stroke when the1 player touches with his cue or any part of hia body any ball on the table. "Thus, at billiards, if a player makes a foul stroke and scores, his adversary has the option of not enforcing the penalty."—Field, Jan. 28, 1882. 3. (Naut.) Entangled; having freedom of motion; interfered with by collision or entanglement with; anything : as, A rope is foul. Foul (foul), a. Syn. See Nasty. Foul (foul), n. 1. Base-ball.) A foul ball. [See- Foul a '. 1.] (Billiards.) Afoul stroke. [See Foul. a. 2.] 3. (Boating.) Applied to the action of a crew in a race, when they come into collision or inter- fere with the progress of their opponents out of their own water. Foulard (fou-lard;), n. [Fr.] A thin silk or silk-and-cotton dress stuff. Found, v. t. Syn. Found, Ground. FotincC is used in an active sense; ground is pass- ive. Found has reference to our actions; ground to our thoughts and feelings ; as, " My charge is founded upon suspicion;" "My suspicion is« grounded upon what I have seen ; " "The Church is founded in truth ;" "The only sure principles for regulating our conduct must be grounded on the Christian religion."—Fallows'1 Synonyms Dis- criminated. Notation: a, 6, l, 0, u, y, long; a, 6,1, 6. ft, f, short; cftre, ffir, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, push; e, £, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; §asz; x as gz; o as in linger, liak; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.FOUNDATION 315 FRICTION AL JFouil da tion (foun-da'tion), n. Foundation- bolt. A bolt which keeps a bed-plate—of an en- gine, for instance—down to its substructure. Foundation-muslin. An open-worked, gummed stuff used to stiffen dresses and bonnets. Fouilt aili (fount ain), n. Fountain-inkstand. An inkstand which has a continual supply of ink from an elevated fountain, or which has an elas- tic diaphragm by which the dip-cup may be sup- plied or emptied. Fountain-lamp. A lamp with an elevated reservoir for supply, as in most forms of the Argand, the student's lamp, for instance. Fountain-pen. A pen which has an ink-reservoir for the supply of the pen. Foul* (four), n. 1. The sum of two and two; the number consisting of twice two. A symbol expressing the sum of twice two: as, 4 or iv. 3. (Naut.) A four-oared boat; the crew of a four-oared boat. To be, go, or run on all fours, (a) To bi, walk, or crawl on the hands and feet, or the hands and knees. (b.) Fig. To agree exactly; to be consistent in every particular. Foul* ehee (for-sha '), n. (Her.) An epithet applied to a cross forked at the ends. Illus. Fourchee. Foul* ehette (for-sh6t'), n. (Surg.) An instru- ment for holding up the tongue while the fraenum is being cut. Four neau (four'-nO), n. [Fr.] {Mil.) The chamber of a mine in which the powder is lodged. Four square (four -square), a. Presenting an unyielding front to all opposition. 4* Foursquare to all the winds that blew." Tennyson: Ode on Wellington, 39. Fourth rate (fourthvrate), n. (Naut.) For- merly a 50 to 70 gun vessel, now a gunboat carry- ing from 1 to 4 guns. [Eng.) Fove ate (fG've-ate), a. [Lat. fove(a) = a pit; -ate.] (Bot.) Having deep pits or depressions. Fox, v. t. (f6x), v. t. To deceive; to cheat; to entrap; to swindle. [Bare.] " 'Fore Jove, the captain foxed him rarely." Mayne: City Match, iii. 1. Fox, v. i. (fdx), v. i. To sham; to feign; to mak e a pretense. LColloq.] Fraclie (fra$he), n. [Etym. doubtful; cf. Norm. Fr-/rac7ie=freight.] A shallow iron pan to hold glass-ware while being annealed in a leer. Frac id (frftQ'id), a. [Lat. fracidus = mellow, 30ft.] 1. Over-ripe; rotten irom over-ripeaess. [Obs.] 2. (Bot.): Pasty, between fleshy a ad pulpy. [Obs.] Fract ed (fr&et'ed), a. [Lat. fractus, pa. par. of frango=to break. _J 1. Broken. "Nym, thou hast spoke the right, his heart is fracted and corroborate."— Shakesp.: Henry F., ii. 1. 2. (Her.) Having a part displaced as if broken: as, a chevron fracted. Frac ture (fract ore), n. Syn. Fracture Fragment, Fraction, Rupture. Fragment, properly expresses the result of physical dis- integration, or what is closely analogous to it, as a fragment of a mountain, a dress, a loaf; a fragment of an ancient poet. Fraction is a term bearing more distinct reference-to a unit or a magnitude to which it stands proportionably re- lated. Fracture is the violent discontinuity of parts, and applies to hard and more or less brit- tle substances. Rupture, applies to those which are softer and more elastic. The fracture of the skull; the rup- ture of a blood-vessel. The force of fracture too is external; that of rupture from within—Fallows Synomyms Discriminated. Frse mini (frae'num) (pi. fvst na) (frse'na) n. [Lat. = a bridle.] (Anat.) The name given to several membran- ous folds which bridle and retain certain organs- e. g.,frcenum linguae, a fold of the mucous mem- brane, binding down the tongue. The Synovial frcena are folds or duplications of the synovial .membrane passing from one portion of it to « another. Fra gar i a (fra-gar-i-a), n. [Lat. fraga (genit. fragorum) =strawberries; fragum=a strawberry plant.] (Bot.) A genus of Rosacese, family Potentillidoe, which includes the strawberry. Frag ment (frag'meut), n. Syn., see Fracture. Frag ment al (frftg-mdntfal), a. (Geol.) Consist- ing of fragments; composed of pulverized rocky material; fragmentary. Frag men tar i ly (fr&g'mgn-tar-I-ly), adv. In an incomplete or fragmentary manner; by fragments; piecemeal. Frag ment a ry (fr&g'-mSnt-a-r^), a. Frag- mentary rocks. (Geol.) Rocks made up of frag- ments, as breccias^ conglomerates, agglomer- ates, etc. Fram ing (framing), n. 1. A framework or frame. '"''The framing of the vessel is of the ordinary type."—Daily News, Sept. 29, 1881. 2. (Join.) A mode of putting parts of a struct- ure together. Joinery framing is of various descriptions, as square, bead, bead-and-fillet, ogee, etc. 3. (Min.) An operation upon pounded or stamped ores, by which they are sorted into grades of comarative weight and consequent richness. Fran co (fr&n'eO), pref. [Lat. Franc(us)=a Frank; o connective.] French; as the Franco Prussian or Franco-German war of 1870-1. Frank, (frank), a. Syn.—Frank, Candid, Ingen- ous, Free, Open, Plain. All these terms con- vey the idea of a re idiness to communicate and to be communicated with; they are all opposed to concealment, but under different circumstances. The Frank man is under no restraint: his thoughts and feelings are both set at ease, and his lips are ever ready to give utterance to the dictates of his heart; he has no reserve; the candid man has nothing to conceal; he speaks without regard to self-interest or any partial motive; he speaks nothing but the truth: the ingenuous man throws off all disguise; he scorns all artifice, and brings everything to light; he speaks the whole truth. Free, open and plain, have not so high an office as the first three: free and open may be taken either in a good, bad, or indifferent sense; but seldomer in the first than in the two last senses. The frank, the free, and the open man all speak without constraint; but the frank man is not im- pertinent like the free man, nor indiscreet like the open man. The frank man speaks only of what concerns hims elf; the free man speaks of what concerns others. Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Frank ish (frank'ish) a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Frank®. 2. Somewhat frank, open or candid. Frape (frape), n. [O. Fr., from frapper—to strike.] A crowd, a mob, a rabble. "In alle thismykelle frape wex a grete distance Of Boniface the Pape, & the Kyng of France." Robert de Brunne, p. 320. Frap ler (fr&p'ler), n. A blusterer; a rough; a bully. "I say to thee thou art rude, debauched, impu- dent, coarse, unpolished, a frapier, and base."— Ben Jonson: Cynthia"1 s Revels, ii. 1. Fra ter nate (fra-ter'nate) v. i. [Lat. fra- ternus=pertaining to a bro.her, fraternal.] To fraternize, [/tare.] Frat er na tion (frat'er-na^tion), n. [Frater- nate.] The act of fraternizing; fraternization. [ Rare. ] Frat ern ism (frat'ern'ism), n. [Lat. Frat- ern(us)-, Eng. suff. -ism.] Fraternization. [Rare.] Fraud (fraud), n. Syn, See Deceit. Frax i nilie (frax'i-nine), n. (Chem.) Abitter crystallized substance derived from the bark of the Fraxinus exulsior. Frax in us (frax'in-us), n. [Lat. = an ash tree.] (Bot.:) A genus of plants belonging to the order Oleacese (Oliveworts), which comprises the com- mon ash. Free (free), a. Syn. See Frank. Free dom (free dom), n. Syn. Freedom, Lib- erty. Freedom supposes the simple, unrepressed exercise of our powers; liberty implies a previous restraint. Freedom denotes a natural state; lib- erty is an exemption from bonds of slavery. One who has never been a slave enjoys freedom. A slave is c et at liberty. We may ask liberty to ex- press our thoughts with freedom. The liberty of the press ensures freedom of thought. Falloivs' Synonyms Discriminated. Free tliink er (free think'er), n. Syn. See Infidel. Freight er (freighter), n. One who sends merchandise by railway. Freight train (freight'train), n. A railway train made up of freight cars; called in England a goods train. [ U. S. ] French (fr6nch), n. French-oak (Bot.) The name given in the West Indies to Catalpa longis- sima. French-pie, Ornith. A name given to the the Great Spotted Woodpecker, Picas major. French-polish, (a) A solution of resin or gum resin in alcohol or wood naphtha. It is laid on with a rubber saturated with the varnish, which it gradually yields by pressure to the surface of the wood, over which it is kept in uniform circu- lar motion. The rubber is covered with an oiled cloth, which is renewed as it becomes clogged. (&) The smooth, glossy surface pooduced on cabinet-work by the application of the polish. French-roof, (Arch.) A roof having portions of two different pitches; a curb roof; a mansard roof. French-white. Finely pulverized talc. Fren zy (fr^n'zj7), n. Syn. See Madness. Fresh (fr6sh), a. 1. Tipsy; not sober. [Slang.] ''I could get fresh, as we call it, when in good company."—Marryat: Frank Mildmay, ch. xiii. 2. Sober, not tipsy. [Scotch.J "There is our great Udaller is weel eneugh when he is fresh, but he makes ower mony voya- ges in his ship and his yawl to be lang sae."—■ Scott: The Pirate, ch. xxx. 3. Open; not frosty. [Scotch.] 4. Fasting; opposed to eating or drinking. [Stawg.J Fresh (fr6sh), n. 1. A stream or spring oi fresh water. "I'll not show him Where the quick freshes are." Shakesp.: Tempest, iii. 2. 2. A flood; an inundation; an overflowing. "The freshes, when they take their ordinarie course of ebbe, doe grow strong and swift."— Hackluyt: Voyages, iii. 673. 3. A day of open weather; a thaw; open weather. Fresh fish (frSsh'fish), n. A novice. "And you a very fresh fish here." Shakesp.: Henry VIII., ii. 3. Fresh ish (frSsh7ish), a. Somewhat fresh or new. [Rare.] "If the mold should look a little freshish."— Richardson: Pamela, i, 174. Fresh ment (fr£sh'm6nt), n. Refreshing in- fluence. "To enjoy thefreshment of the air and river." Cartwright: Preacher's Travels (1611), p. 19. Fret ful (fret'ful), a. Syn.—Fretful, Cross, Peevish, Petulant. Fretful indicates a dispo- sition which exaggerates and feels unduly causes •of annoyance or irritation, and so exhibits itself in a complaining impatience. Crossness is such fretfulness as manifests itself in unkindness of speech or manner to others. Peevish denotes a querulous dissatisfaction, which it would be im- possible to justify. It is ctften constitutional, the result of temperament, old age, and physical in- firmity. Petulance is less sour and more ener- getic than peevishness. It is capricious passion unrestrained which is impatient of authority and control, and is characteristically exhibited by the young against their elders or superiors. Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Fretted (fret7t6d), n. 1. Ornamented with frets or fretwork; having raised or sunk orna- mentation a rectangular forms. "The dim lattice o'er the floor of stone, And the high fretted roof." Byron: Lara, i, 11. 2. (Her.) Applied to charges or ordinaries interlaced with each other. Friar's bal sam (frl^ar'sbal'sam),™. (Pharm.) A tincture of benzoin applied externallj to ulcers and wounds. Friction (frle'tion), n. Friction-clutch. (Mach.) A device for connecting two shafts by bringing a piece on one shaft into contact with a piece of another shaft, whitfn revolves with such force that the former partakes of the motion of the latter. It consists of a shell or box fixed on the end of a driving-shaft, fit- ted by a conical piece which slides on a feather or raised part of the end of another shait, so that it can be engaged at pleasure by the cone being forced into the shell by a lever or scr-w. This apparatus is very useful for driving machines, the parts of which are subject to vio- lent strains, as the pressure upon the clutch can be regulated so as to allow it to slip when the strain is abnormal. Friction cones (Mach.) A form of friction coupling in which thd connect- ing portions have respectively a conical disc and a hollow cone, Which become frictionally adher- ent by contact. Friction powder. A composition consisting of two parts sulphuret of antimony and one part chlorate of potassa, moistened wiih gum water and dried. It is used in friction tubes. Fric tion al (frie'tion-ai), a. Of or pertaining to friction: produced by or resulting from friction. Frictional electricity. (Elect.) Electricity devel- oped by rubbing bodies, as distinguished from dy- namic electricity, that developed by means of a voltaic pile or battery, [Electricity.] (Ganot.) Frictional gearing. (Mach.) Wheels for trans-y mitting power by means of parallel ridges or teeth of the driver on the rims which gear iyro corresponding grooves on the follower. JThey are very convenient for use in machines #iat re- quire to be put in or out of gear rapidly; com- pressed masses of paper are also used as fric- tional driving surfaces. Notation: a, 6, l, 0, o, f, long; a, 6,1, 6, ft, f, short; cftre, far. last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, liok; th as in thine. jpgypn this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.FRIENDLILY 316 FUMMEL Friend li ly (friSnd'll-ly), adv. In a friendly manner ; like a friend, " Tell me if it is not better to be suppressed : freely and friendlily."—Pope: To Warburton, Nov. 1742. Friendly (friSnd'lt), a. Syn—See Amicable. Fries ic, Fries ish (fries'ic, fries'ish), a. Of or pertaining to Friesland or its inhabitants. Friger ate (frlg'er-ate), v. t. [Lat. frigeratus, pa. par. olfrigero = to make cold \frigus (genit. frigoris = cold.] To cool. [Obs.] Frig er a tor y (frlg'er-a-tdr-y), n. [Lat.frig- eratory, pa. par. of frigero = to make cool or cold; frigus = cold.] A cooling-chamber: a chamber maintained at a low temperature for the preservation of meat 6r vegetables.—[.Rare.] Fright (fright), n. Syn. — See Alarm. Fright fill (frightful), a. Syn.—See Fearful. Frig or if ic al (frig or-if ''ic-al), a. Causing or producing cold; frigorific. Frin gil la (frln-gll'la) n. [Lat=afinch—either the robin-redbreast or the chaffinch.] (Ornith.) 'ihe typical genus of the family. Fringillidce and the sub-fainijy Fringillince, the finch. Frislet (fri§16t),n. [Appar. a dimin. oifrizzle.~\ A little ruffle. Fris lire (frls'ftre), n. [Fr.] A curling or frizzling of the hair. Frit (frit) v.t. To expose to a dull red heat for the purpose of calcination, as materia s for making glass. Frit il la ri a (frit'Il-la^rl a), n. [From Lat. fritellus = a dice-box, which the chequered petals resemble.] (Bot.) A genus of Liliaceae, tribe Tulipese. Friv o lism (frlv'o-ligm), n. , [Fr. frivol(e) — frivolous; Eng. suff. -ism.] ^Frivolity, levity, frivolousness.—[.Rare.] Frizz, Friz (frizz, friz) n. Anything frizzed or curled, as a wie ; curled hair. " Wlii e i full wilderness of friz Be "ar.ethe lawyer's cunning phiz." Combe: Dr. Syntax, ii. 2. Friz zly (frlz'zljr"),a' Curled, frizzed, or crisped. Froe (frOe), n. [Dut. vrow; Ger. frau = a wo- man, a wife.] 1. A frow; a slattern; a dirty, coarse woman. " Those raging frantic /roes, For Bacchus feast's prepared." Drayton: Muses'1 Elysium, Nymph. 4. 2. An epithet for an iron wedge. [Local U. S. Bartlett.~\ Frog (fr6g), n. [A corrupt, of fork, from the shape."] {Rail. Engin.) A section of rail at a point where rails diverge, or one track leads to two branches. A cross-frog is one placed at a rect- angular intersection of railroad tracks. Fronde (fr6nde), n. [Fr. = a sling.] The name given to a party in France, who, during the mi- nority of Louis XIV., waged civil war with the Court party headed by Anne of Austria and Car- dinal Mazarin. The name was given to the party from the dread in which Mazarin was held by the malcontents. They were compared to the street boys of Paris, who were ready enough to use their slings in the absence of the guardians of the peace, but mad© off when those officers ap- peared. Frond ent (fr<5nd/-ent), n. [Lat. frondens, pr. par. of frondeo = to put forth leaves, to be green; frons = a *eaf.] Leafy ; furnished or covered with leaves. " Frondent trees parasol the streets."—Car- lyle: Miscellaniest iv. 268. Frons (frdn§), n. [Lat. = the forehead, the brow, the front. ] (Anat.) That part of the visage which extends from one temple to the other, and is comprised in a vertical direction between the roots of the hair and the superciliary ridges. Frontier (frdn'-tier), v. i. 1. To stand on the frontier; to constitute a frontier or border. 2. To possess territories bordering on or form- ing a frontier to another. Frontier (frdn'-tlGr), v. t. Tc place on the frontier ; to surround, to hem in? " Yet now that it is no more a border, nor frontired with enemies, why should such privil- eges .bee any more continued."—Spenser: View of the State of Ireland. Fron ton (frtin'-tdn), n. [Fr. ] (Arch.) The decorated entrance to a building, consisting of a cornice supported by consoles and surmounted by a pediment. Frow ard (frow'-ard), a. Syn.—See Perverse. Frost hear er (fr6st-beftr/er), n. The same as Cryophorus. Frost hite (frflstf-bite), n. A state of numbness of any part of the body, but especially of the ex- tremities, caused by exposure to extreme cold. Frost hlite (frdst'-bllte), n. (Bot.) Chenopo- dium album. Frost blue (frdst'-blae), n. A coarse variety of smalt. Frost fisli (frSst'-flsh), n. (Ichthy. ) A small fish, Morrhua pruinosa, common on the coasts of the United States just after frost sets in, whence the English name. It is called also the Tom-cod. (Storer.) Frost mist (frdsiZ-rnist), n. A mist ciused in frosty weather through the freezing of the vapor in the atmosi^here. '*A frost-mist, r sing from the ocean, covered the eastern horizon." — Scott: Waverley. ch. xlvi. Frost smoke (frdst'-smoke), n. (Meteor.) A smoke-like appearance occurring at times over the sea in the Arctic regions. It is congealed fog. Frost weed, Frost wort (frdst'-weed^rdst'- wftrt). n. (Bot.) Helianthemum canadense, & rock rose about a foot high, with yellow flowers, growing in Canada and the United States. Late in the autumn ice crystals rise from the cracked Dark- of the root, whence it is named. It is sometimes used as an aromatic tonic. Frounce (frounce), n. 1. (HawTc.) A disease in hawks, in which a dirty white foam gathers about the mouth and palate. "The hawke had no lyst To come to his fyst, She looked as she had the fronce." Skelton: Ware the Hawke. 2. (Far.) A disease in horses in which a mass of pimples appears on the palate; also the pimples themselves. Frow ey (frowsy), a. (Carp.) Applied to wood which works evenly, and without splitting or tearing. Frown y (frown'y), a. Given to frowning, stern, severe. [06s.] "Her frowny mother's ragged shoul-der."—Sir F. Palgrave. (Ogilvie. ) Fru« tic u lose (frue-tle'tt-lose), a. [As from a Low Latin fructiculosus.] Producing a heavy crop of fruit; loaded with fruit. Fruct ose (fruct ose), a. [Lat. fruct(us) = fruit; -ose (Chem.)] (Chem.) Sugar of fruit, an uncrystal- lizable sugar, identical in composition and optical rotatory power with the mixture of levo-glucose and dextro-s.] "Al the frush and leavings of Greeke." Stanyhurst: Virgil; JEneid i. 39. Frush. (frilsh), a. 1. Easily broken, brittle, crisp. 2. Frank, forward. Fry (fry), n. Small fry. A contemptuous ex- pression for children; also for persons of a low- er rank in society, or who are of but little conee-, quence. \_Colloq.] Fry ing pan (fry'ing-p&n), n. Out of the fry- ing-pan into the fire: From one evil into another still greater. "Some, though they shun the fryingpan, Do leap into the fire." Bunyan: Pilgrim'1 s Progress, pt. ii. Fub her y (fub'b^r-y), n. Cheating, swindling, deception. "O no; but dream the most fantastical, O heaven! Ofubbery,fubbery." Marston: Malcontent, i. 3. Fill) sy (filb'gl), a. Short and stuffy; plump. [Eng.] "Seated upon the widow's little fubsy sofa."— Maryatt: Snarleyow, vol. i., ch. viii. Fuch si a (more generally as fu shi a), n. (fu shi-a), n. [So named from the discoverer, Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot. and Hortic.) A genus of Onagracese, tribe Fuchsese, of which it is the type. Calyx funnel-shaped, four-parted, with the four petals set in its mouth alternately; stamens exserted; style one long, stigma capitate. More than fifty species are known; most from the warmer parts of Au.erica, Mexico, Peru, Chili, etc., except two from New Zealand. These beautiful plants are now common in gardens, conservatories, and flower pots in windows. Fu civ or ous (fvi-civ'or-ous), a. [Lat. fucus (genit. fuci) = seaweed; voro = to eat, to feed on, and Eng. adj. suff. -ous.] Living on seaweed; a term applied to the Sirenia. The Dugong (q. v.) feeds on seaweed growing on large flats ex- posed at low water. Fu ga (fti'ga), a. [Lat. = flight.] (Mas.) A Fugue". Fu gle man, Flu gel man (fti'gle-man, fla' gel-man), n. [Ger. fliigelman, from Uiigel = a wing.] One who takes the lead and sets the ex- ample for others to follow. "Daly marched as fugleman."—Theo. Hook: Gilbert Gurney. (Latham.) Ful ham (ful'ham), n. The same as Fullam. Fu li ca (fa li-ca), n. [Lat. = the Coot.] (Ornith.) Coot. A genus of grallatorial (wad- ing) birds, sub-tribe Macrodactyii, family Ral- lidse, sub-family Gallinulinae. Fulica atra is the Coot (q. v.). Full (lull), a. Filled with liquor; hence, tipsy; tight; boozy; drunk; as, He is pretty full. [Cof- loq or Clai~y. ] Ful ler (fuller (1), n. [Eng. full: -er."] Black- smith (a). A tool, sometimes known as a creaser, struck by the hammer or placed in the hardy hole of the anvil, and employed to swage down or spread the iron by a series of parall-l in- dentations. The tools are known respectively as the top and bottom fuller, (b) A tool having grooves, and forming a die or swage into which iron is driven by the hammer to confer a shape. Used in forming the fullering of horseshoes. Ful min e ous (ful-naln'e-ous), a. [Lat. ful- mineus ; from fulmen (genit. fulminis)=thunder, iightniug.] Of or pertaining to thunder ; of the nature of thunder. Fu ma cious (fa-ma'cious). a. [Lat. fumus = a smoke. ] Smoky; addicted to tobacco or smoking. Fum ar ate (fum ar-ate"), n. (Chem.) A salt of fumaric acid. Most of the fumarates are soluble in water ; the silver salt is insoluble; they are insoluble n alcohols. Fumarate of amm >nium or sodium gives a pale brown-red precipitate with ferric chloride, insoluble in excess of ammonium fumarate. Fu mar i a (fu-mar'I-a, n. [Sp. & Port, fumaria. Sir Joseph Hooker believes tne etymology doubt- ful. Generally said to be from Lat. fumus — smoke, referring to the smell of the pla^t. More probably because it was believed to be the "smoke of the earth."] [Fumitory.] (Bot.) The typical genus of the Fumariacece. The fruit is roundish, one-seeded, the seed not crested. Fum a role (fom'a-role), n. [Low Lat. Num- erate; Lat. fumariolum; Ital. fumarolo. from fumo — Lat. fumus = smoke.] 1. A louvre or ventilator in a roof to let out smoke, etc. 2. (Geol.) A hole in a volcanic or other region whence smoke issues. Fum id ness (fom'Id-nSss), n. Smokiness, fumidity.—[Rare.] Fum isli ly (fam'lsh-ly), adv. In a hot, choleric, or passionate manner; angrily. " Is it not agreeable that such souls lying so long in purgatory should so soon forget their charity, and fall a railing in their supplication so fumishlyV—Foxe: Book of Martyrs, p. 927. Fum ish ness (fam'ish-n&ss), n. The quality or state of being furnish; heat of temper; passion. " Drive thou out of us all fumishness, indig- nation, and self-will."—Coverdale: Fruitful Les- sons, p. 284. Fum mel (fum'mel), n. [A French rural word for femelle = female (?).] The animal produced by the union of a stallion with a she-ass ; a mule. Notation: fl, e, l, 0, a, y, long; &, !, 6. ti, f, short; cfire, fftr, last, fall, what; th£re, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, ryde, PQSu; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; £ as in linger, link; " th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.FUNAMBULANT 317 FYKE Fu nam bu lant (fu-nam'ba-lant), n. [Lat. funis = a rope, and ambulans, pr. par. of ambulo = to walk.] A rope-dancer; a performer on a rope. Fu nam bu la tion (fu-nam'ba-la'/tion), n. The act or art of walking on a rope; rope-dancing. Fu nam bu lus (fu-nam bft-ias). n. [Lat. J A rope-dancer. "You have so represented - unto me as methinks I see him walking not like a funam- bulus upon a cord, but upon the edge of a razor.'' —Reliquiae Wottonianoc, p. 367. Func tion ai ize (func'tion-al-lze) v. t. To place in some function or office; to assign a cer- tain function to. [Rare.'] Fund (ftind), n. Money, finances: as, My funds are very low. [Colloq.] Fund ed (fftnd'ed), p. a. Forming part of the national debt of a country; existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; invested in public funds. Fun dus (fan'cfts), n. [Lat.] 1. (Anat.) The base of any organ having the form of a cone, as the uterus. (Bot.) [Fundus plant ai.] Fundus plantce: (Bot.) The place where the stem and root join. Fu ne bral (fu-ne'bral). a. [Lat. funebris.] The same as Funebrial. Fu ner ai ly (fan'-er-al-15')i After the manner of a funeral. "Even crows were funerally burnt."-Broivn: Urn Burial, ch. i. Fun er ate (fan'er-ate), v. t. [Lat. Funeratus, pa. par. of funero=to bury; funits (genit. fun-- eris) — funeral rites.] To bury, to inter. [Ofrs.] ( Cockeram.) Fun gal (fan;gal), a. [From Mod. Lat./ungates. (Bot.) Pertaining or belonging to fungi. Fungal (fiWgal), n. (Bot.) A plant belong- ing to the alliance Fungales. Fun gi ate (ffln7gi-ate), n. (Chern.) A com- pound of fungic acid and a ba3e. Fun gi ble (ftin'gi-ble), n. [Lat. (res) fungi- bilis; from fungor—to perform.] [Function.] 1. (Civil Law.) A thing of such a nature as that it may be replaced by another of equal quan- tity and quality. "Grain and coin are fungibles, because one guinea, or one bnshel or boll of sufficient mer- chantable wheat, precisely supplies the place of auothor." Erskine: Inst., bk. iii., tr. i. § 18. 2. (Scots Law.) A term used to denote mov- able goods which may be valued by weight or measure, as grain or motioy; in contradiction to those which may be .-judged of individuality. Fungolo gist (fun-g<")i o-gist"), n. [Lat. fun- gus—a mush room; Gr. Aoyo? (logos)=a dis- course.] One who is skilied in futigology. Fu nic 11 lar (fu-nie'ft-lar), a. 1. (Mech.) De- pendent upon the tension of a cord. (Archceol.) Rope-shaped, twisted like a rope. Simple indeed as is the usual style of orna- ment and workmanship of the funicular tore, it appears to have be in retained in use for a very long period.—Wilson: Prehistoric Scotland, i. 465. Funicular curve. (Statics.) The curve in which a perfectly flexible string hangs when sup- ported at the two extremities. Funicular-ma- chine. A machine actuated by means of a cord whose ends are attached to tw) objects, and which bears a weight suspended from th-3 bight. Some double-toggle presses come within the terms of ths description. The name is principal- ly applied to instruments illustrative of mechanic- al principles, and having a rope, pulley, and suspended weights. Funicular-polygon. (Sta- tics;.) The figure assumed by a string supported at its extremities, and acted on by several forces. Fu nic u late (fu-nic'a-iate), a. [:Mod. Lat. fwniculatus, from Class. Lat. funiculus. (Zool.) Having a narrow ridge like a string. Fun is (fan'is), n. [Lat. = a rope.] (Anat.) The umbilical or naval c ">rd. Fun nel (fun nel), n. 1. The chimney of a steamship. It is of sheet iron, and is carried to a sufficient height to assist the draught of the furnace. It is made telescopic in w ir-vessels, so as to be lowered beyond the reach of shot. " The boilers [are placed] under the two fun- nels.'''1—D. Stevenson: Civil Engineering in N. America, ch. iv. The pouring-hole of a mold ; a gate, a tedge. Fun nel like (fftn'nel-like), a. Like a funnel in sha-ie ; t ipering. Fun nel net (fun'nel-ngt), n. A net shaped like a funnel; a tapering net. Fun ni ly (funAni-ly), adv. In a funny, droll, comical, or laughable manner. Fun liing (fanning) a. Jesting, droll, com- ical ; causing fun or merriment. Fun ning (fun nlng), n. Jesting, joking. Fun ny (fttn'nj*), n. [Etym. doubtful.) (Naut.) A narrow, clinker-built pleasure-boat, to be rowed by a pair of sculls. [Eng.] "The only attainable craft besides funnies, pair-oars, and randans, were a couple of six-oars." Field. Jan. 28, 1882. Fur cu la, fur cu lum (f fir'en-la, fftr-ca'- luin), n. [Lat. furcula = a forked prop to sup- port a wall when undermined.] (Ornith.) The bone popularly called the merry-thought. It is composed of the two clav- icles anchylosed together so as to form one bone, shaped like the letter V- Its outward extremi- ties articul ite with the scapula and coracoid. Fur cu lar (ffir'cft-lar), a. (Anat., etc.) Fork shaped, branching into two divisions ; furcate Fur fur a tion (fftr'fur-a"tion), n. [Eng.] The falling of scurf or drundruff from the head. Fur fur OUS (ffir'fur-ofts j, a. [Lat. furfurosus.] Made of or resemb.ing bran; furfuraceous. [i2are.] Fur i bund al (fftr'I-bftnd//al), a. [Lat. furibun- dus.] Raging, furious, mad. "The furibundal champion of fam\"—Q. Har- vey (1,593). Fur i os i ty (far^-ds'^-t^), n. The quality or state of being furious; fury; madne-s. [Rare. ] "That in tyme to cum the said breife be re- formit and a clauss put tharin to inquere of the foly and furiosite, etc.''''—Acts Jas. /II., 1475 (ed. 1814), p. 112. Fur l o so (far'T-o'^o), adv. [Ita\] (Mus): With fury, energy or vehemence. Fur row y (fflr rOw-y), a. Full of or marked with furrows; furrowed. [Rare.] "A double hill ran up his furrowy forks." Tennyson: The Ptnncess, iii. 158. Fur ther some (ffir'ther-some), a. Advanta- geous; promotive; helpful. "A touch of stratagem oftin proves further- some."—Carlyle: French Revolution, pt. i., bk. iii., ch. vi. Fu ry (fa7ry), n. Syn. see Wrath. Furze cliat (fftrze chat), n. (Ornith.) The Whinchat (Saxicola rube.tra), so called from fre- quenting places covered with furze or whin. Furze clad (fftrzeciad), a. Covered with furze. "Their parents dwell upon the skirts Of furze-clad commons.1' Wordsworth: Exc.ursion% bk. viii. Furz en (fftrz'en), a. Abounding in or full of furze or gorse; furzy. Furzen bushes. (Bot.) Ulex europceus. (Brit- ten and Holland.) "We put by gorse and fur zen-bushes: we tread underfoot briers and brambles, though they catch hold of us."—P. Holland: Plutarch, p. 186. Fu see (fu-§ee')« [A. corruption of fusel or fusil (it arrived in port, which often changes hands several times before it is unloaded. Futurist (fatar-Ist), n. 1. One who has re- gard to the future; an expectant. 2. (Theol.) One who holds that the greater part of the New Testament prophecy, and even no inconsiderable portion of that in the Old Testament, is still unfulfilled. "The second of these schools—the Futurists— has always been numerically small."—Farrar: Early Days of Christianity, ch. xxvii., § 2. Fu tur ist (fo tur-Ist), a. Belonging to, or in any way connected with the school of interpreta- tion described under n. Fu tur i tial (fa tar-Ish^al), a'„ Pertaining to futurity; future. [Rare.] Fyke (fyke), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A bag-net, open at one end, so as to allow fish to enter, but opposing their exit. Notatjon; a, 6,1, 0, ft, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, ft, y, short; cfire, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fdr, dp, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; $ as s; $h as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; $ as gz; o as in lioger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. 64*f: 318 faculence F. p. The chemical symbol of fluorine. Fa' (f&), v. i. To fall; to befall. [Scotch, j (fa), v. t. [Scotch.] 1. To get; to obtain. 2* ioaimat; to attempt. Burns. Fa» (f^), n. Pall. [Scotch.] Fa am*tea (fa'am-tG), } n. A name given to the Fa ham-tea (fa'ham-te), ) dried leaves of the Angrcecum fragrans, an orchid much prized for the fragrance of its leaves, an infusion of which is used as a stomachic and a cure for pulmonary com- plaints. It has been introduced into France, and is employed as an expectorant and stomachic. Pa'ard. (f&rd), a. Favored ; used in composition ; as, weel-fa'ard, well-favored; ill-fa'ard, ill-favored. * The ill-faSard thieves.' [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Fa ba (f&'ba), n. (Bot.) [Lat., a bean.] A genus of herbs, nat. order Leguminos®,containing the com- mon bean, and consisting of annual plants, from 2 to 4 feet high, with smooth, hollow, quadrangular stems, alternate pinnated leaves, many large white or violet fragrant blossoms, and seeds produced within a long pod or legume. Fa ba c© so (fa-ba'se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A name proposed by Lindley for the nat. order Legurainosse. Fa ble (fa'bl), n. Subject of talk; talk; gossip ; byword. [R.J We grew the fable of the city where we dwelt. Tennyson. Fa bled, (fa'bld), p. a. Celebrated in fables ; fabu- lously imagined. 4 Hail, fabled grotto.' . Tickell. Fabliau (fab-16-G), n. pi. Fabliaux (fSb-15- 0). (French Literature.) One of the metrical tales of the Trouv&res or early poets of the Langue d'Oil. These belong mostly to tbe twelfth and thir- teenth centuries, and have for their subject the talk and news of the day, which they treat generally in an epigrammatical, witty, and sarcastic manner. They were designed for recitation and not for sing- ing. Fa bling (fa'bling), n. 1. The act of making fables ; fables collectively. 4 Legendary fabling.1 C.Lamb. 2. A fiction ; apt of dealing in fables. Fabric (fSt/rik), ». Act or purpose of fabricating or building. Tithe was reoeived... .for the fabric of the churches of the poor. Milman. —Fabric lands, lands given to provide for the re- building or repair of cathedrals and churches. An- ciently, almost every person gave something by his will to be applied in repairing the fabric of the ca- thedral or parish church where he lived. Wharton. Fab rl cant (fib'ri-kant), ». A manufacturer; one who works at a trade. Simmonds. Fab u lous (fSb'Q-lQs), a. That can hardly be re- ceived as truth ; incredible ; enormous ; extrava- gant; a?, the picture wus sold at a fabulous price. He found that the waste of the servant's hall was al- * most fabulous. Macaulay. Fac (filk), n. [Contr. for fhcsimile.] (Print.) A name given by the early printers to the large orna« •mental letters at the commencement of a division of a book. Brande. Face (fSs), n. 1* A term applied in various tech- nical meanings ; as, (a) the dial of a clock, watch, compass-card, or other indicator, (b) The sole of a plane, (c) The flat portion of a hammer head which comes in contact with the object 6truck. (d) The edge of a cutting instrument, (e) The surface ■>f a printing type that impresses the characters. 2* Sight; presence; front; as in the phrases, before the/ace ; in the face ; to the/ace ; from the fave. There he stood once more before her face Claiming her promise. Tennyson. 3* (Mach.) The principal dressed or flat surface of a disk, pulley or plate. 4» (Asirol.) The third part of a sign comprising in extent ten degrees of the zodiac. 5. (Mining.) The end of a drift or tunnel.— Faoe of a square (Mil.), the several sides of a body of troops thrown into the form of a square.—Face of a stone (Arch.), that part which is made even or smooth to form the face or outward part of a build- ing. Stones should be faced in the direction trans- verse to that of their splitting grain.—To accept one1 s face (Scrip.), to show one favor or grant one's request.—To entreat the face (Scrip.), to ask favor. —To fly in the face of,'to fly against; to withstand; . to defy. ^Face (ffls), v. t. 1. (Mach.) To smooth br dress the face of, as a stone, &c. 2• To placo with the face upwards. 3. Togiveaialse appearance to; to adulterate, as tea.—To face out, to persist, especially to persist in an assertion which is not true ; to maintain un- blushingly and shamelessly ; to brave, aa a charge, with effrontery ; as, she faced it out. A mad-cap ruffian, and a swearing Jack, That thinks with oaths to face the matter out. Shak. —To face tea, to adulterate tea by mixing it with coloring matter and other substances so as to cause it to resemble tea of a better quality and higher value than the original tea. See Facing, 3. Face-aclie (fas'ak), /». (Med.) Tic-doulour- Face-a gue (fas' ^gfl), ) eux, a kind of neural- gia which occurs in the nerves of the face. Face-card (fas'k&rd), n. One of a suit of playing cards, marked with a human face, as a queen or king. Faced (fast), a. 1* Having a face; marked with a face, as a court-card. 2. Having its upper or outer surface dressed or smoothed ; as, a faced stone. Face-bam mer (ffis^hifan'mer), «. A hammer having a fi^t face as distinguished from one having pointed or eo'.ged peens. Face-mold i^fas'mOld), ». The name given by workmen to the pattern for making the plank or board, out of which ornamental hand-railings for stairs or other works are to be cut. Face-paint ing (fas'^anfing), n. 1. The actor art of painting portraits ; the art of representing faces in painting. 4 Giorgione... .excelled in por- traits or face-painting.^ [R.J Dryden. 2. Tbe act of applying rouge or other paint to the face. Face-piece (fSs'pgs), n. (Naut.) A piece of wood wrought on the fore-part of the knee of the head or cutwater, to assist the conversion of the main piece. Weale. Face-plan (fas'plfin), n. (Arch.) A plan or drawing of the principal or front elevation of a building. Face-plate (fas'piat), n. (Mach.) The plate at- tached to the revolving spindle of a lathe, for fasten- ing the work on. Facer (fa'ser), ». A severe blow in the face: hence, any sudden check thatetaggers one. [Slang.J Facet (fis'et), ». 1. (Arch.) A flat projection between the flutings of columns. 2. (Anat.) A small, circumscribed portion of the surface of a bone ; as, articular facets, that is, con- tiguous surfaces by means of which bones are artic- ulated. Written also Facette. Fac et (f&s'et), v. t. To cut a facet or facets on ; as, to facet a diamond. Fa cette (fa-s<5t')i [Fr.] See Facet. Face-val ue (fas-vara), n. Apparent value. [U. S.] Face-wheel (fas'whSl), n. Same as Crown-wheel. Fach (fach), n. A medicine used in Turkey as an antidote to poisons. Fa ci a (fa'shi-a), n. Same as Fascia. Facial (fa'shal), a.—Facial axis (Anat.) A line drawn from the anterior end of the axis of the cranium to the most anterior point of the upper jaw. The angle between these two axial lines, called the craniofacial angle, shows the extent to which the face is in front of or below the cranium. prognathous or orthognathous (which see).—Facial nerve (Anat.), the portio dura of the seventh pair of nerves, ar.sing from the upper part of the res- piratory tract, supplying the facial muscles, and known as the nerve of expression.—Facial vein (Anat.), a vein which receives the vessels of the head and forehead, and crosses the face from the root of the nose outward. Fa cieut (fii'shent), n. (Alg.) The variable of a quantic as distinguished from the coefficient. Fa ci es (f5'shi-6z), n. [Lat.] (Anat.) Theface, including the nose, mouth, eyes, and cheeks.— Facies Hippocratica, the peculiar appearance of the faco immediately before death, first described by Hippocrates. Fac ilo (fSs'il), a. Ready ; dexterous; as, his facile pencil; a facile peu. Fac i ne ri ous (fas/i-n6//ri-us), a. A ludicrously coined word for Facinorous. • Shak. Facifrg (fa'sing), n. 1. A covering in front for any purpose ; as. (a) (Arch.) the thin covering of polished stone over an inferior stone, or the stratum of plaster or cement on a brick or rough stone wall. (b) (Joinery.) The wood-work which is fixed round apertures in interiors, to ornament them or to pro- tect the plaster from injury. (c) (Engin.) A layer of earth, turf, or stone laid upon the bottom and sloping 6ides of a canal, railway, reservoir, etc., to I protect the exposed surface or to give a steeper slope I than what is natural, (a) (Mil.) The trimmings on the front of a regiment jacket or coat, by which one regiment is usuallv distinguished from another ; the trimmings on the front of any uniform. 2. (Found.) Powder applied to the face of a mold which receives the metal, to give a smooth surface to the casting. 3* A mode of adulterating tea by mixing it with coloring matter and other substances so as to cause it to resemble tea of a better quality and a higher value than the original' unfaced ' tea ; also, the materials used in this process of adulteration. The facing of tea is a fraud generally very easy of dotation ; all that is necessary is to put a little of the tea into a bottle partially filled with cold water, and to shake the bottle vigorously for a short time. The tea parts with it & facing, which either remains in solu- tion in the water, imparting a color to it, or sinks as a powder to the bottom, according to its nature. Ed in. Cuurant newspaper. Facing-sand (ffi'sing-sSnd), n. (Founding.) A mixture generally composed of pulverized bitumin- ous coal and common molding-sand, used to form the surface of molds Fac sim i list (fakslm'i-list), n. The producer of a facsimile or facsimiles. Fac tion-liglit (f^k'shun-flt), n. A fight between parties of different religions, politics, or family con- nections. Fac tion naire (fSk'shun-ftr"), »• [Fr.] A sol- dier detailed for any duty or service ; a sentinel. Factious (Mk'shus), a. t Active ; urgent; zeal- ous. k Be factious for redress of all these griefs.' Shak. Fac ti tlous (fak-dsh'us), a.—Factitious diseases (Med.), diseases mostly produced by the patient himself, or those which he imagines he is afflicted with. Fac ti tlve (f&k/ti-tlv), a. [Lat. factus, p. p. of facio, to make.]. Causative; tending to make or cause ; particularly (Gram.), pertaining to that re- lation existing between two words, as between an active transitive verb and its object, when the action of the verb produces a new condition in the object; as, he made the man a corpse; the king created him a peer. ' Having a factitive or causative sense.' Prof. Gibbs. Fac tor (fSk'ter), n. One of several circumstances, elements, or influences which tend to the production of a result. The extreme complexity of social actions will be better seen if we enumerate the factors which de- termine one single phenomenon, as the price of a commodity. Herbert Spencer. The power of the preacher was a main factor in the early stages of the culture of Christendom. Rev. J. Baldwin Brown. Fac tor (fSk'ter), v. t. 1. To act*as factor for; to look after, let, and draw the rents for ; to manage ; as, to factor property. [Scotch.] 2* (Math.) To resolve into factors; as, xl—y2 ia factored into (x +y) (x—y). Factorial (fak-tO'ri-al), «. (Math.) Of or per- taining to a factor or factors.—A factorial expression is an expression of which the factors are in arith- metical progression, as(a; + l), (-r + 2). (a- + 3), (x + 4). Fac tor ize (f2k'ter-Tz), v. t. pret. &p.p.factorized; ppr.factorizing. (Law.) (a) To warn, rs a garn- ishee, not to pay or give up goods to the debtor. (b) To attach the effects of a debtor in the hands of a third person ; to garnishee. Fac to ry Maund (fSk'to-ri-msnd), n. A com- mercial weight of India. Fac to turn (fak-tf/tum), n. (Print.) A border within which an initial letter is enclosed. Crabb. Fac u lue (fak'u-16), n. pi. [Lat. facula, a little torch, dim. oifax, a torch.] (Astron.) Certain spots some!imes seen on the sun's disc, which^op- pear brighter than the rest of his surface, and sup- posed to be elevated portions of the photosphere. Different parts of his (the sun's) surface give differ- ent spectra. The spots have not the same spectrum as the bright parts of the disc ; the ordinarily bright parts have not the same spectrum as the exceptionn Ily bright parts called thefaculce. R. A. Frue-tor, Fac u lar (fik'ti-ler), n. (^Lsfron.) Pertaining or relating to facul®. R■ A. Proctor. Fac u lence f (f&k'u-lens), n. Brightness ; clear- ness. Scott. ch, chsdu; g, go; j, job; ng, Bin?^ th, then; th, thia; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FACULTY Fae III ty (fSk'ul-ti), ». 1. f Power ; authority. This Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek. Shak. 2. f Mechanical power; as, the faculty of the •wedge. 3. t Natural virtue; efficacy; as, the faculty of simples. 4. In Scotland the term 1s used for a body of en- rolled barristers, attorneys, or solicitors; as, the faculty of advocates; the faculty of procurators.— Faculty to burden (Scots Law), a power reserved in the disposition "of an heritable subject to burden the disponee with a payment. — Court of faculties, a jurisdiction or tribunal belonging to the archbishop. It creates rights to pews, monuments, and particu- lar places and modes of burial. It has also powers ip granting licenses of different descriptions, as a license to marry, a faculty to erect an organ lu»a church, to level a churchyard, etf. [Eng.] Fad (f&d), n. fA. Sax. fadian, to arrange.] A favorite theory ; crotchet ;hobby ;a craze. [Slang.J The world is a m£l6e of special constables, each bent npon getting bis own fad enforced at ti^e point of the truncheon. Contemp. Rev. Faddy (f&d'i), a. Given to fads or crochets. Fader t (fad'er^, n.; pi. Fad res. (fad' erz). [A. Sax. faeder, Lat. pater, Q er. vater. J Father ; an- cestor. Chaucer. Fadge (f2j), v. t. To succeed; to hit. Well, sir, how fadges the new design? Wycherley. Fading (fad'ing), p. a. 1. Losing color ; becom- ing less vivid ; decaying; declining; withering. 2. Subject to decay ; liable to lose freshness and vigor ; liable to perish ; not durable; transient: as, a fading flower. Fad me f (iftd'me). n. pi. Fathoms. Chaucer. Fae (fa), n. Foe. 'Yourmortal fae is nooawaV [Scotch.] Burns. Faem (f&m), n. Foam. [Scotch.] Or, richly brown, ream owre the brink, In glorious faem. Burns. Fag (f&g), v. t. To tire by labor ; to exhaust; as, this work has fagged me out.—To fag out (Naut.), to become untwisted, as the end of a rope. Fag(f&g),n. 1. A fatiguing or tiring piece of work: fatigue. It is each a fag, I come back tired to «J®ath. Miss Austen. 2. (Naut.) The end of a rope loosened or un- twisted by constant use. Fag ger y (f3g-er-i), n. Fatiguing labor or drudg- ery ; the system of fagging carried on at some pub- lic schools. [Eng.] Faggery was an abase too venerable and sacred to be touched*'*' De Quincey. Fagot HfSg'ot), n. A term of contempt for a Fag got ) ' dry, shriveled old woman, whose bones are, like a bundle of sticks, fit only to burn ; a term of opprobrium applied to children and women. 'Old Trotter and his faggot of a wife.' Marryat. Note : In former times heretios who had escaped the stake by recanting their errors were often made publicly to carry a fagot and burn it; hence the phrase to burn one's fagot. An imitation fagot was also worn on the sleeve by heretics, as a sym- bol that they had reached opinions worthy of burn- ing. Fag ot-Vote (fSg'ot-vOt), n. A vote procured by the purchase of property under mortgage or other- wise, so as to constitute a nominal qualification, without a substantial basis. Fagot-votes are chief- ly used in county elections. The way in which they are usually manufactured, viz., by the purchase of a property which is divided into as many lots as will constitute separate votes, and given to different persons, has given rise to the name. [Eng.] Fag ot-vo ter (ffig^ot-vOt'er),. n. One who holds or exercises a fagot-vote. [Eng. J t Fa gin Hfa'jln), n. (Chem.) A substance found Fa gine ) by Buchner and Herberger in beech- nuts, the fruit of Fagus sylvatioa, but only imper- fectly examined. It is said to be a yellow sweetish mass, easily soluble in water and alcohol, sparingly in ether, decomposed by strong acids and by dry dis- tillation, but distilling undecomposed with the vapor of water qr.alcQhol. Fa go py'rtliti' (fa'go-pI"rum), n. [Gr. ayo>, to eat, and rrvprjv, a kernel: referring to the triangu- lar .kernel of the nut. J (Bot.) Buckwheat; a genus of Asiatic plants, the seeds of which are edible, be- longing to the nat. order Polygon acese. Common s buckwheat, or brank, is the F. esculentum, some- times called Polygonum Fagopyrum. Fa gus (fa'gus), n. [Lat.J (Bot.) The beech, a genus of plants, nat. order Cupulifera). There are about twenty species distributed over the temperate regions of the world. They are trees with close, smooth, .ash-gray bark, and simple straight-veined leavesi Fa ham-tea (fa'ham-tS), n. See Faam-tea. Fall lore (fa'lOr), n. Same as Fahlerz. Fai ble [f3-bl), ». [Fr.] Same as Feeble (which see). Faience (fl'onz, fa-yofis, ffl-i-6ns' or, fa-yShs), n. A sort of fine pottery or earthenware glazed with a One varnish, and painted in various designs, named from Faenza in Romagna, where it is said to have been invented in 1293. According to former French 319 " usage, the term included poroelaln, but in more modern times, it has been used for pottery only. Written also Fayence. Faik (fak), v. i. [Scotch.] 1. To fail; to become weary. 2* To stop ; to cease. Fails (f3k), v. t. [Scotch.] 1. To take away from the price or value of any commodity ; to abate. * I'll not faik a farthing o' my right.' Quit. 2* To excuse ; to let go with impunity. 3* To fold ; to tuck up. [Scotch.! Faik (fak), n. [Scotch.] . 1. A fold of anything, as a ply of a garment. pi. (Mining.) A miner's term for fissile sandy shales, or ehaly sand-stones, as distinct from the dark bituminous shales known as 1 blaes' or 1 blaize.' Fail (fai), )n. [Sw. vail, grassy soil, sward.] Feal (fgl), ) [Scotch.] A grassy part of the sur- face of the ground ; a piece cut off from the rest of the sward ; a turf; a sod.—Fail or feal and divot (Scots Law), a servitude consisting in a right to lift fails or divots from a servient terftement, and to use them for the purposes of the dominant tenement, as for building walls, roofing houses, &c. Fail (fai), v. t. f To deceive ; to cheat. So lively and so like, that living sense it failed. Spenser. — To fail of, to miss of obtaining; to come short of; to lose. Fail (fa 1), «.— Without fail, without omission to perform something ; without delinquency or failure; without doubt; certainly. He will without fail drive out from before yon the Oanaanites. # Josh. Hi. 10. Fail ing (fai'ing), ». Act of beooming bankrupt or insolvent. Faille (ft-ye or fai), n. [Fr.] A heavy silk fabric of superior quality used in making and trimming ladies' dresses. Fain(fan),a. Pleased; loving; affectionate. [Scotch.] We '11 meet and aye be fain, In the land . t.—To falsify a record (Law)% to injure a record of a court of justice, as by oblit- 320 erating or destroying it, or by certifying a copy of a document to be a true one when it is known to be false in a material part. Fal sism (fals Izm),n. A clear or self-evident fal- sity ; a statement or assertion, the falsity of which is plainly apparent: opposed to truism. Edin. Rev. Fal ter (falter), n. The actof faltering, hesitating, trembling, stammering, or the like ; unsteadiness; hesitation ; quavering. 1 The falter of an idle shep- herd's pipe.' J. R. Lowell. Fal we t (f&l-wa' or fal-*/), a. Sallow ; pale. Chaucer. Fal we f (f&l-wa' or fal-0')i w. Fallow land; a new plowed field, or a field recently made arable. Chaucer. Fa ma (fS'ma), n. [Lat ] (Rom. Myth.) The deified personification of rumor. (Scotch Eccl. Laiv.) Ap- plied to any prevailing scandalous report inferring censure, affecting any clergyman, office-bearer., or church member, on which proceedings may be taken by a session or presbytery independently of any specific charge made by an individual accuser. Fa ma cide (fa'ma-sld), n. [Lat. fama, reputa- tion, and ccedo, to kill.] A slanderer. [R.] Soott. Fam ble f (f&m'bl), n. A hand. 4 We clap our/am- . blesS [Old slang.] Beau, dt Fl. Fain bfe-crop (f&m'bl-krtfp), n. The first stom- ach in ruminating animals ; a f&rding-bag. [Prov. Eng.] Fa mil lar (fa-mll'yar), a. Intimate in an unlaw- ful degree. A poor man found a priest familiar with his wife. Camden. Fa mil iar i za tlon (fa-miryar-iz-^shun), n. Act or process of making or becoming familiar. T. Hook. Fa mil lar ness (fa-mlFyar-nes), n. Familiarity. Fam i list ( fiim'i-list), n. The head of a family; a family man. [R.J Osborne. Fa mi 11 st (far'ad-i-za'Vhun), n. (Med.) Far ad i sa tlon J The medical application of the magneto-electric currents which Faraday dis- covered in 1837. Far-a wa5 (far'a-w^), o. Distant; remote; far- off ; foreign ; as, far-awa' fowls hae fair feathers. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Far-brought (far'br^t), a. Brought from far; far-fetched : used literally or figuratively; as, far- brought conclusions. Far ceur (far-ser), n. [Fr.] A writer or player of farces ; a joker. Qent. Mag. Far ci cal (far'si-kal), a. Of or pertaining to the disease called Farcy. Steirne. Far ci cal ity (far'si-kSl^i-ti),) n. State or qual- Far ci cal ness (far-'si-kal-nes), ) ity of being far- cical ; ludicrousness. Far cing (fars'ing), ». Stuffing composed of mixed ingredients; force-meat. Far cy-bud (far'si-bud), n. (Far.) A tumor which appears early in the disease called Farcy. The tumors appear on the face, neck, or Inside of the thigh. Far dage (fftr'daj), n. (Naut.) Loose wood or other substances, as horns, rattan, coir, etc., stowed among cargo to prevent its motion, or pfcaced below dry cargo to keep it from bilge-water ; dunnage. Far-day f (fftr'da), n. The advanced part of the day. H. Vaughan. Far del f (farMel), n. [A contr. of farding-dealA A fourth part.—Fardel of land, the fourth part ofa yard-land. Fardel-bound (far'del-bound), o. (Vet. surg.) A term applied to cattle and sheep affected with & disease caused by the retention of food in the man- iplus or third stomach, between the numerous plaits of which it is firmly impacted. ' Fare (far), n. 1. The quantity of fish taken in a fishing vessel. 2* fAdo: bustle; unusual display; entertain- ment; adventure, etc. What amounteth all this fare t Chaucer. oh, eftain; g, qo ; j, job; ng, siny; th, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure ; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and deSnmons NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FAR-FETCH Far-fetch t (fftr'fgch), v. t. To bring from far; to draw conclusions remote from or little justified by the premises; to search out studiously. To far-fetch the name of Tartar from a Hebrew word. Fuller. 'Far forth f (far'fOrth), adv. In a great measure. That now the homid night veafarforth spent. Spenser. Far In (fSr'in). n. Farina. Fa ri na (fa-rl'na or farg'na), n.—Fossil farina, a Variety of carbonate of lime, in thin white crusts, light as cotton, and easily reducible to powder. (£ar 1 nose (ffir'i-nOs), a. (Med.) A term applied to a variety of herpetic eruption. l?arinosely (f&r'i-nOs-li), adv. In a meal-like manner; farinaceously. Farlf (f&rl), v. t. The same as Furl. Beau. (fgcht), n. A fight; a contest; a struggle; Faught J as, I've had a sair faucht wi' the warld. . [Scotch.] Faul chion (fal'shun), ra. Same as Falchion. Faul con (faJ'kon), n. Same'as Falcon. Fauld (fald), ». A fold. [Scotch.] Faulef (fal or foul), n. A pointed lace collar; a fall. ' These laces, ribbons, and these faulesS See Fall. Herrick. Fault (fftlt), v. i. (Geol.) To be In a faulted con- dition; as, the vein faults here. Fault (fplt), v. t. (Geol.) To cause a fault or faults ; to produce a displacement in; as, the trap-dike had faulted the vein here. Fault ed (falt'ed), p. a. 1. (Geol.) A term applied to strata or veins in which fracture with displace- ment has occurred. 2. Imperfect; defective; unsound; damaged. Fault-find er (f^'flnd'er), n. One who censures or objects. Fault ing (falt'ing), n. (Gheol.) The state or con- dition of being faulted. Fau na (f&n'a), n. [A Roman goddess of fields, cat- tle, etc.] (Zo6l.) A collective word signifying all the animals peculiar to a region or epoch, and also a description of them: corresponding to the word flo- ra in respect of plants. Faun al (fan'al), a. Of, pertaining to, or connec- ted with, a fauna. 4 Faunal publications.» Academy. Faur'd (fard), a. Favored. [Scotch.] Faure's Bat ter y (farz^bfit'ter-i),». See Accu- mulator. Fause (fas), o. False. [Scotch.] Fause-face (f#s'fas), n. A false-faoe; a mask. [Scotch.] FEATHER 1 chanced to obtain a glisk of his visage, as his fauit- face slipped aside. 8ir W, Scott. Fause-house (f&s'hous), n. A framework forming a vacancyv in a stack of grain for ventilation; the1' vacancy itself. [Scotch.] Bums. Fau teuil (fO-t\}l), n. 1 • The chair of a president. 2* A seat in the French Academy.—Droit de fauteuil, the privilege formerly enjoyed by gentle* men of rank at the French oourt of sitting on a fauteuil in presence of the king, corresponding to the droit de tabouret enjoy ed jby ladies. Fauvette (fO-vSt')t *». [Fr., from fauve, fawn- colored.] A term introduced from French works, sometimes applied to any of the species of soft- billed birds or warblers, 6uch as the nightingale. Faux-bour don (fO-bOr-doii), n. [frr./awa?, false, and bourdon, a drone bass, a series of similar notes- or a holding note as an accompaniment to a melody.], (Mus.) A sort of harmony used by old composers, and consisting of thirds and sixths added to a canto- fermo. Faux-jour (fO-zhOr), ». [Fr./a«a>, false, and jourt day, light.]. 1 • A false or contrary light. 2. (Fine-Arts.) A term indicating tliat a picture has been hung so that the light falling on it is from a different direction from that in which the painter has represented it as coming in the picture. Fa vel la (fa-v61'la), n. pl/Fa veil® (fa-v61'16), [Corruption of favilla, ashes.] (Bot.) A term applied by botanists to those capsules in algse in which the "nucleus, consisting of many spores, is formed within a single mother-cell. Fa vel lid i um (fa'vel-ld';i-um), ». (Bot.) Among the alga, a name given to a group of contiguous cells (favell®), when they are fertile. Fa vo ni an (fa-vO'ni-an), a. Pertaining to Favo- nius, the zephyr or west wind; hence, gentle; favor- able ; propitious. Keats. Fa vor ) (fa'ver), n. 1. To ease ; to spare ; as, a Fa Tour ) man in walking favors a lame leg. 2. To extenuate; to palliate ; to represent favor- ably. He has favored her squint admirably. Swift. 3. (Naut.) To be careful of; as, to javor the mast. Favorite (fB'ver-Tt), n. [In a plural sense.] A series of short curls over the brow, a style of hair- dressing introduced during the reign of Charles II. 4 With immodest favorites shade my face.' Gay. Favularia (fa^fl-Wri-a), ». [Lat. favus, a honey-comb.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil plants, Sigillaria (which see). Fa vus (f&'vus), n. [Lat. a honey-comb, a hexagonal tile.] 1* (Path.) Crusted or honey-combed ringworm, a disease chiefly attacking the scalp, and character- ized by yellowish dry incrustations somewhat re- sembling a honey-comb. It is produced by a fungous growth. 2. A tile or slab of marble cut into a hexagonal shape, so as to produce the honey-comb pattern in pavements. f Fawe,fa. Glad ; fain. Chaucer. Fawn ing ness (f&n'lng-nes), n. The state or quality of being fawning, cringing, or servilo; mehn flattery or cajolery. Faw sont (f§s'ont), a. [A form of fashioned.I Seemly; decent. [Scotch.] Fay al (fa'al), n. A superior wine, made in Pico* one of the Azores. It receives its name from the is- land of Fayal, whence it is exported. Fay ence, n. Same as Faience. Fayle&f (faiz), n. An old game at tables or back- gammon. B. Jonson Fay tour f ifi'tOr or fTtOr), ( n- Same MFaitouv- Fe. [From Lat. ferrum, iron. J (Chem. ^ The symbol of iron. Feak t (fSk), n. A curl of hair. Can dally with hia mistress' dangling feak. MamUm,. Feal (fSl), n. A sod of earth with the grass' on it. [Scotch.] Feal dike (fSl'dlk), n. A wall of torf for an ln-~ closure. [Scotch.] Fear ) (fSr), a. [Icel. fcerr, able, strong,- capable, Feer ) serviceable.] Entire ; sound ; as, hale and fear, whole and entire; well and sound. Also writ- ten Fere. [Scotch.] Fearsome (f&r'sum), a. 1* Frightful; causing fear; dreadful. [Scotch.} Eh 1 it wad be fearsome to be burnt alive. Sir W. Boott. 2. Easily frightened or alarmed; timid. 'A silly, fearsome thing.' [R.] Bayard Taylor. Feath er Ofefh'er), v. i. 1* To have or produce the appearance or form of a feather or feathex j. Just where the prone edge of the w>od began To feather towards the hollow. Tennyson. 2« To assume the appearance of little flakes or feathers floating about wh^n one liquid is poured into another. [Colloq.] Feath er (fSQrer), n. (Founding.) (a) A thin rib cast on iron framing to strengthen it and resist flex-/ ion or1 fracture, (b) (Carp.) A projection on tb® edge of board whidh fits into a channel, on the edge of another board, in the operation of joining boards by grooving and feathering, or grooving and tonguing as it is more commonly called.—Feather- duster, a light brush made of feathers.—Feather- Notation: 8/5,1, 0,11, long; S, 6,1, 8, ft, short} a, e, i, o, u, obscure * far, f§ll, f^st, cAre; h6r, mOve, or; byll, Q* Fr.; h, Fr., ten; 0n this Pa&e wil1 be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FEATHER fidwer, an artificial flower made ofr feathers, used by ladies for head ornaments, and for other orna- mental purposes.—Feather-foil (Bot.), a popular name for Hottonia palustris (the water violet), from its fluely divided leaves.—Featherhead, alight, giddy, frivolous person ; a trifler. 4 A fool an6 feath- erhead.'* Tennyson.—Feather-maker, a maker of plumes of real or artificial feathers.—Feather-spray, the foamy ripple produced by the cutwater of fast vessels, as steamers, forming a pair of feathers, one on each side of the vessel.—Feather-star (ZoOl.), Comatula (Antedon) rosacea, a beautiful crinoid occurring on the British coasts, consisting of a cen- tral body or disc with five radial arms. Each arm is furnished on both sides with lateral processes so as to assume a feather-like appearance, whence the name.—Feather-top (Bot.), the popular name off sev- eral grasses, with a soft, wavy panicle, of the genera Agrostis and Arundo. Feather (fSQr'er), a.—Feather-brained, having a weak, empty brain or disposition ; frivolous; giddy. To A feather-brained school-girl nothing is sacred. Charlotte Brontf. —Feather-edged, having a thin edge.—Feather-edged boards (Arch.), boards made thin on one edge.— Feather-edged coping (Masonry), a coping that is thinner at one edge than the other, for throwing off •water.—Feather-headed, same as Feather-brained. 4 ThM* feather-headed puppy.' Cibber.—Feather- heeled, light-heeled ; gay.—Feather-pated, same as Feather-brained. 4 Feather-pated, giddy madmen.' Sir W. Scott. Feath er 1 ness (fSOi'er-i-nes), n. The state of beTng feathery. Feathering-float (fStb'er-ing-flOt), > Feathering-paddle (fSfti//er-ing-piid/l), ) n* (Naut.) 'The paddle or float of a feathering-wheel. Feathering-screw (fSth'er-ing-skrO), n. (Naut.) A screw-propeller whose blades are so ar- ranged as to receive a variable pitch, so that they may even stand parallel with the shaft, and thus of- fer little or no resistance when the ship -is moving under sail alone. Feath er ing-wheel (fSttfer-ing-whSl), n. (Naut.) A paddle-wheel in which the floats are so constructed and arrauged as to enter and leave the water edgewise, or as nearly so as possible. Feather-shot (fgth'er-shQt), in. The name Feath ered-shot (fSCh'ered-shQt), > given tocop- per in the form which it assumes when it is poured in a molten cnnditiou into cold water. Feath er-weight (fSth'er-w5t), n. (Racing.) (a) Scrupulously exact weight, such as that a feather would turn the scale, when a jockey is weighed or weighted. (6) The lightest weight that can be placed on a horse when running. Feaih er y-foot ed (fgtVer-i-fut'ed), a. Having feathers on the feet. Featouslyf (fSt/iis-li), adv. Nimbly, neatly; properly. _ . Beau. & Fl. Feat ure (ffit'flr), v. t. To have features resem- bling ; to look like; to resemble generally. [R.] " Misa Vlncy....wa3 much comforted by her percep- tion that two at least of Fred's boys were real Vincys, and did not feature the Garths. Oeorge Eliot. Feat ure li ness (fet'Qr-li-nes), n. The quality of being teaturely or handsome. * Coleridge. Fe brifer ous (fe-brlf'er-us), a. [Lat. febris, fo- ver, and fero, to bring.] Producing fever; as, a fe- briferous locality. / Fe bro nl an ism (fe-brO'ni-an-Izm), n. [From Justinus Febronius, a nom de plume assumed by John Nicholas von Hontheim. archbishop of Treves, in a work on the claims of the pope.] (R. Cath. Theol.) A system of doctrines antagonistic to the ad- mitted claims of the pope, and asserting the inde- pendence of national churches, and the rights of bishops to unrestricted action in matters of disci- pline and church government within their own dio- ceses. Feb m HB (fSVrq-us), n. (Class. Myth.) An old Italian divinity, whose worship was celebrated with lustrations in the month of February. R££e.1> t ISX?"rt)} »• '• Feelat (ffikt), n. A fight; a contest; a struggle; as, he had a sair fecht wi' the warld; he had a sair fecht before he wan awa'. [Scotch.] Fecht (fekt), v. i. and t. To fight; to struggle, or to -truggle with. [Scotch.] Fe*cit (fg'sit), n., [Lit. he has made or done it—3d pers. sing. perf. ind. act. of Lat. facio, to do.] A word which is placed on one's work, as a statue, etc., along with the name of the maker or designer; as, Straduarius/ebit, Straduarius made it. Feck (fSk), n. [Etym. doubtful. Perhaps in one or other of its senses from A. Sax. /cec, space, inter- val ; or a corrupted form of effect.] 1 • Strength; value ; vigor. 2» Space; quantity ; number; as, what feck of ground ? bow much land t what feck o' folk ? how many people ?—Many feck, a great number ; maist feck, the greatest part. 3* The greatest part or number; the main part; ns, the feck of a region, that is, the greatest part of it. [Scotch in all the senses.] Feck (ffik), a. Fresh ; vigorous. [Scotch.] I trow thou bo a feck auld carle. Jacobite Relics. Feck et (fgk'et), ». An under-waistcoat. [Scotch.] He gat by thefecket. Burns. 322 Feck ly (fSk'li), adv. For the most rart; mostly. [Scotch.] Twa arefeclcly new. Burns. Fecks (fSks), n. An expression meaning faith, be- ing a corruption of the word. 4 Ay, my £Cod lord, i'/ecfr.s[in faith].' Shak, Fe del i'ni (fa'del-S^ne), n. A kiud of dried Italian paste in a pipe form, of a femaller size than vermi- celli. Simmonds. Fed er a cy (fSd'er-a-si), n. A confederation ; the union of several state®, self-governing in local mat- ters, but subject in matters of general polity to a central authority, composed of delegates from or representatives of the individual states. Brougham. Fed er al (fgd'er-al), n. Same as Federalist. Fee a ble (fS'a-bl), a. That may be feed. Fee ble (fe'bl), n. That part of a sword or fencing foil extending from about the middle of the blade to the point; so called because it is the weakest por- tion of the weapon for resisting pressure, deflecting a blow, etc. Called also Faible and Foible. Feed (fSd), n. (Mech.) Any contrivance for giving to a machine a regular and uniform supply of the material to be operated on ; as, the feed of a turning lathe.—Feed of a lock, the quantity of water re- quired to pass a boat through the lock of a canal. Feed er (fgd'er), n. 1. (Iron-founding.) A large head or supply of fluid iron, to a runner or mold in heavy castings. 2. (Mining.) A small vein adjoining a larger one. Feed-head (fSd'hgd)* n. A cistern containing water and communicating with the boiler of a steam- engine by a pipe, to supply the boiler by the gravi- ty of the water, the height being made sufficient to overcome the pressure within the boiler. Weale. Feed-heat er (fed^hSt'er), n. (Steam-engines.) A vessel in which the water for feeding a steam-boiler is heated by the waste steam or waste heat of the fur- nace before it is admitted into the boiler, so that it is raised to the boiling point more quickly, and with less expenditure of fuel, than cold water. Feed ing»bot tie (fgd^ing-bOt'l), ». A bottle for supplying milk or liquid nutriment to an infant. Feed-motion (fed^mO'shun), n. (Mach.) The machinery that gives motion to the parts called the feed in machines. Feed-wa ter (f5d'/w&'ter), n. Warmed water sup- plied to the boiler of a steam-engine by the feed- pump through the feed-pipe. Fee-fa-fUm (fG'fa-fQm), n. [An interactional ex- clamation in the doggerel rhyme pronounced by a giant on perceiving the smell of Jack the Giant-kill- er. 'Fee-fa-fum, I smell the blood of an English- man.' Probably an imitation of the mystical jargon of the old necromancers.] Nonsensical mysterious appliances or contrivances designed to inspire ter- ror in ignorant or weak persous. They [the spirits of Milton] have no horns, no tails, none of the fee-fa-fum of Tasso and Klopstock. Macaulay. Fee-farm Rent (fe'farm rSnt), n. (Eng. Laiv.) Properly a perpetual rent-service reserved by the crown, or before the statute of quia emptores, by subject upon a grant in fee-simple. Fee-fund (fg'fund), n. (Scots Law.) The du?3 of court payable on the tabling of summonses in the Court of Session, the extracting of decrees, etc., out of which the clerks and other officers of the court are paid. Feel (fgl), v. t.—To feel of, to examine by touching. [Antiquated or vulgar.]—To feel out, to try; to sound; to search for ; to explore; as. to feel out one's opinions or designs. [R.] Feere Bame as Fere. Feer ing ) (fgr ing), ». [A. Sax.fyrian, to make a Feir ing J furrow.] (Agric.) The operation iu plowing of marking off the breadth of a ridge, by drawing a furrow on each side of the space allotted for it. [Scotch.] Feeze (f6z), v. t.—To feeze about (Met.), to hang off and on. [Scotch.] Fegs A corruption of faith .' an exclamation. But my fegs i Beattie. Feh me (fS'me), Fehme ge rich te (fara'ge-rleg- ated gutturally- Same as Vehmes Vehmgerichte. Feh mic (fa'mik), a. Same as Vehmic. Feide (fed), n. [A form of feud.] Feud: hate. [Scotch.! Burns. Feigh (fech—chguttural), inter}. Fy ! an expression of disgust or abomination. [Scotch.] Ye stink o' leeks, O feigh t Ramsay. Fe lap ton (fe-13p'fon), n. [A mnemonic word.] (Logic.) A mode in the third figure of syllogisms, consisting of a universal negative, a universal af- firmative, and a particular negative. Felawf ) (fU'lou), ». A mate; a companion; a Felawe + ) feilow : said of a male or female. Fel-bo "vi num (fgl'bo-vl^num), n. [Lat.] Ox- gall, or bilis bovina. An extract of this is used by painters to remove the greasiness of colors, etc. Fel denf (f61'den), pret. pi. of fell. Felled ; made to fall. Chaucer. Feld spath (fSld'spSth), n. Same as Feldspar. Feld spath ic (feld-spSth'ik), ) a. Same as Fel- Feld spath ose (feld-spflth'Os), C spathic. Fele f (ffll),a. [A. Sax./eta,many.] Many. Chaucer. -k aspir- > n. ■Uy-te), ) FEMLN ESCEN CE Fe 11c I fy f (fS-lfe'i-fl), v. t. [Lat. felix, felicia, happy, and facio, to make.] To make happy; to felicitate. Quarles. Fe^ li dae (fS'li-dS), n. pi. [Lat../Wis, a cat, and Gr. eISos. likeness.] (ZoOl.) Animals of the cat kind, a family of carnivora in which the predaceous in- stincts reach their highest development. This fam- ily comprehends the domestic cat, the wild cat, the lion, tiger, leopard, lynx, jaguar, panther, chetah, ounce, caracal, serval, ocelot, etc. 111. PI. 8, Fig. 8. Fe li nae (fe-ll'ng), n. pi. (ZoOl.) The cat family ; a sub-family of the Felidse, comprising the cats, lions, tigers, and lynxes. See Feudje. Fe lix i an (fe-llk'si-an), n. [From Felix, bishop of Urgel.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a Spanish religious sect of the latter part of the eighth century, who sided with the Archbishop of Toledo in the Adop- tion controversy. Fell (fgl), a. [Scotch*.] Strong and fiery; keen; bit- ing ; sharp ; clever; active ; as, a fell chield; a fell cheese ; a fell bodie. Burns. Fell (f61), n. 1. A seam or hem sewed down level with the cloth. 2. ( Weaving.) The line of termination of a web in the process of weaving, formed by the last weft- thread driven up by the lay ; the line to which the warp is at any instant wefted. Fell (fgl), n. [Icel. fell, a hill, fjall, a mountain; Dan. fjald, fjeld, a mountain, a rock; Q.fels, a rock, a cliff.] A barren or stony hill or mountain ; a pre- cipitous rock ; a range of mountains or hills ; high land not fit for pasture. From cliff and tower, tu-whoo ! tu-whoo ! Tu-whoo J tu-whoo—from wood and fell. Coleridge. Note.—This word is often used as an element in Dimes of hills in the north of England and the south of Scotland ; as, Criffell, Hartfell, etc. Fel Sin 1c (?eHta'ik), f a* tLat' fel% felUs' galLJ 1* (Chem.) Epithet of an acid obtained by treat- ing bilin with dilute hydrochloric acid; as, fellio or fellinic acid. 2. Of, relating to, or obtained from, bile. Fell»lurk ing (fel"lerk/ing), a. Lurking with a fell purpose. 4 Fell-lurking Curs.' Shak. Fel Ion t (fSl'on), a. Sharp ; keen; fierce ; cruel ; fell. Spenser. Fel loll oust (fSl'op-uO, a. "Wicked ; felonious. Spenser. Fel low»craft (fSl'low-kraft), n. A freemason of the second rank ; one aoove an entered apprentice. Simmonds. Fel low less (fgl'lO-l&s), a. Without a fellow or equal; peerless. Whose well-built walls are rare and fellowless. Chapman. Fel ly (fgl'i), a. Fell; cruel. 'Fortune's felly spite.' [Scotch.] Burns. Fel mon ger (fgl//miing'ger), n. Same as Felt- monger. Fel on (fSl'on), n. (Far.) A sort of inflammation in animals similar to that of whitlow in the human subject. Fel site (fSl'stt), n. (Min.) A species of felstone, of a blue or green color, found amorphous, associat- ed with quartz and mica ; in faot several felsites of German writers are more correctly gneissose rocks. Fel sit ic (feJ-sit'ik), a. Relating to, or composed of, felsite. Felspar (fSl'spfir), )n. [G. feld, field, and Feld spar (fgld'spftr), J spath, spar.] (Min.) A mineral widely distributed, and usually of a foliated structure, consisting of silica and alumina, with potash, soda, or lime. It is a principal constituent in all igneous and metamorphic rocks, as granite, gneiss, porphyry, greenstone, trachyte, felstone, etc. Compact felspar is the old term for what is now known as felstone (which see). Called also Feldspath, Felspath. Fel £path ose (fel-sp5th;0s or fSKspa-thOs), a. Pertaining to feldspar or containing it; a term ap- plied to any mineral in which feldspar predomi- nates. Written also Feldspathos-e Fel stone (fSl'stOn), n. [Fel in feldspar, and stone.] (Min.) A name iutroduced by Professor Sedgwick to designate those rocks composed of feld- spar and quart/. v - „ Felfc=>cloth (fglt'kl5th), n. Clcth made of wool united without weaving. Felt-hat (fglt'h&t), n. A hat made of wool or felt. Felt ing (fglt'ing), n. The process by which felt is vuade. Fe male (fg'mSl), a. 1* Feminine; soft; delicate; weak. 2. (Bot.) Pistil-bearing; pistillate; producing pistillate flowers.—Female joint, the socket or facet- piece of a epigot-and-facet joint. Fe nial ize (f6'mal-Iz), v. t. To make female or feminine. 4 Femalized virtues.' Shaftesbury. Feme-sole ) (fem-sOl')i n. — Femme-sole mer- Femme-sole ) chant or trader, a married woman who carries on a trade on her own account. - , Fem ge rich te (fam/ge-ricb//te), n. See Vehm- gerichte. , i Fem i cide (f?m'i-sld), n. The killing of a woman. Fem i na cy (f£ii/in-a-si), n. Female nature; fem- inality. [R.] - Bulxcer. Fem in es cence (fgrn'm-gs^sens),*!. [From Lat..^ fcemina, a female.] The possession or assumption* of certain male characteristics by the female. ch, cAnin; g, gn\ j, job; ng, sing On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries flu Wen; th, thin; w, trig; wh, whig; zh, azure; oo% food; oi, oil * on, pound,* phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latent editions of Webster's and Wor-FEMININELY Fcm 1 nine ly (f6m'in-fn-U), adv. Alter the man* ner of women. Fem In in ism (f&m'in-In-tzm), n. State of being feminine. Phrenolog. Jour. Fem 1 nism f (f8m'in-Izm), ». Tbe qualities of females. Fe jnur (fS'm6r), n. [Lat., the thigh.] 1. (Entom.) The third joint of the leg, which is long, and usually compressed. 2. (Arch.) The interstitial space between the channels in the triglyph of the Doric order. Fen-boat (fdn'bOt), n. A species of boat used on fens or marshea Fence (fgns), v. t.—To fence a court, in the phrase- ology of the ancient law of Scotlaud, is to open the parliament or a court of law. This was done in his majesty's name by the use of a particular form of words. Fen-cress (f8n'kr6s), n. (Bot.) Cress growing iu fens. Fend (fgnd), v. i. To provide or shift for one's self. [Scotch.] Fit to fend themsel*. Burns. Fend. (fSnd), n. The shift which one makes for one's •self, whether for sustenance or in any other respect. (Scotch.] I might mak: a fen. Burns. Fend ace f ( fSnd'Es), ». A protection for the throat, afterward replaced by the gorget. Fend er (fend er),n.—Fender-bolt (iNTauf.), a pin or bolt with a long and thick head, stuck into the out- ermost bends or wales of a ship to protect her from injury.—Fender-pile, one of a series of piles driven to protect works either on larfd or water from the concussion of moving bodies. Fen es tel la (fgn'es-tgl' la), n. [Lat., dim of fen- estra, a window.] 1. (R. Cath. Ch.) The niche on the south side of \u altar, containing the piscina, and frequently also ;he credence. 111. PI. 8, Fig. 9. 2. ( Paleon■ ) An extinct genus of fan-like poly- zoa, very abundant in palajozoic rocks. Fe nes tra (f6-n6s'tra), n. [Lat.]---. 1. A window; an aperture; ah entry, into any place. 2* (Anat.) The same a« Foramen. Fe nes trate (fe-n5s'trat), < a. (Biol.) Pierced Fe nes tra ted (fe-ngs'trat-ed), \ with numerous holes, so as to resemble a window. II. Spencer.—Fe- nestrated membrane (/tnaM, a term applied to that for in of the elastic tissue of the middle or contractile coat of the arteries, in which it presents a homoge- neous membrane, the meshes of which appear as simple perforations. Fenestrule (fe-n8s'trfll), n. [Lat. feyiestrula, dim. of fenestra, a window.] (ZoOl.) One of the spaces inclosed by the intersecting branches of pol- , yzoa. Fen-fowl (fSn'foul), n. Any fowl that frequents feus. Fen-goose (fSn'gOs), n. (Ornith.) A species of wild goose that frequents fens, the Anser ferus, or graylag goose. 4fe ni an (fS'ni-an), n. [A name assumed from Ir. Fionnu, a race of superhuman heroes in Irish leg- endary history. See Fion.] A persou belonging to an association which had its origin in America among the refugees from Ireland after the outbreak of 1848, and the object of which was the erection of . Ireland into an independent republic. Fe ni an (ftl'ni-au), a. Of or belonging to Fenian- ism or the Fenians; as, a Fenian outrage ; a Fenian invasion. Fe ni an ism (fS'ni-an-lzm), fc. The principles or polit ics of the Fenians. Feu-land (fCn'lrlnd), n. Marshy land. Fen man (fSn'm2n), n. One who lives In fens or marshes. Fen nel-wa ter (fgn^nftl-wa'ter), n. A spirituous liquor prepared from fennel-seed. Fer t (far), a. and adv. Far. Chaucer. Fe rae (fe'rS), n. pi. [Lat.] (Zo6l.) The third or- der of Mammalia according to Linnaeus, placed be- tween the orders Bruta and Glires. Fe ral (fS'ral), a. 1. (Zo6l.) Relating to theFerce. 2» "Wild ; barbarous; cruel. 3. A term applied to wild animals descended from tame stocks, or to animals having become wild from a state of domestication, or plants from a ntate of cultivation ; as, feral pigs. 4 Darwin's feral rab- bits.' Edin. Rev. J&'erde t (fird or fftrd'e), pret of fare. Fared. Chaucer. Fer-de-lance(fer-de-lafis),a. [Fr., iron of. a lance, lance-head.] The lance-headed viper or Craspedo- oephalus (Bothrops) lanceolatus, a serpent common . in Brazil and some of the West Indian Islands, and «one of tbe roost terrible members of the rattlesnake family (Crotalidse). Ferd witf (ferd'wit), n. [A. Sax. ferd, an army, an expedition, and wite, punishment.] 1* A quitment foi manslaughter in the army. 5J. A fine imposed on persons for not going forth In a military expedition. Foref (fer), a. [Lat./erus, wild.] Wild; barba- rous ; fierce; savage. , r Fer forth + ,(fir'forth), )adv. Far forth; to Fer forth ly t (f&r 'fortb-li),) to the full extent of. Chaucer. Fe ri SB (fS'ri-S), n. j/l. [Lat.] (Rom. Antiq.) Hol- ' Jdays, during which free Romans suspended their 323 political transactions and lawsuits, and slaves en- joyed a cessation from labor. Fe rin gee ) (fe-rlng'gS), n. [Probably a corrup- Fe rin ghee $ tion of Frank.] The name given to Englishmen by the Hindus. Fe ri o (fg'ri-O), n. [A mnemonic word.] (Logic.) A mode in the first figure of syllogisms consi'rting of a universal negative, a particular affirmative, and a particular negative. Fe ri so (fe'ri-so or fg-rls'o), in. [Mnemonic Fe ri son (fS'ri-son or fg-rls'cn), ) word.] (Log- ic. ) A mode in the third figure of syllogisms, closely allied toferio (which see). Fer lie ) (fe^li), n. [A. Sax. fazrlic, sudden, unex- Ferely) pected —fcer, sudden, fearful, and lie, like.] A wonder ; a strange event or object. [Old and Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Whare ye gaira, ye crawlin'/er''<' ? Burns. Fer lj^ | (f6r1i), v. i. To wonder. [Scotch.] Jerlie at the folk in Lon'on. Bums. Fer ling-no ble (fe^'ling-nCbl), n. The quarter- noble, an English gold coin of the reign of Edward III. of the vnlue of 40 cents. Fer ma cie f ? (f&r ma-si or fAr'ma-sS"), n. A Fer ma eye t) medicine. Chaucer. Fer ma ta (fer-m&'ta), n. (Mus.) A pause at the close of an air, usually accompanied by an extem- pore embellishment. Ferme t (farm-), a. Firm. Fer men tee ci ble (f6r/men-tSs'/si-bl),n. Abody capable of being fermented. Fern t (farn), adv. Long ago. ^ Fer'I e (fiirn e), (a* »• wXrt; lorei(fn. 2. Ancient; old. Chaucer. Fer nan di na (fer'nan-dC'na), n. Ferrandine. Fern-seed (f6rn'sSd), n. The seed or spores of fern, formerly supposed to possess wonderful vir- tues, 'uch as rendering a person invisible. Ferr shavv (fern'shg,), n. A shaw, brake, or thick- et of ferns. Browning. Fc roc i fy (fe-r5s/i-fl), v.t. [L?it. ferox, ferocis, fierce, and facioy to make.] To make ferocious. [R. J Fer o her (fer-0'her), n. A symbol or representa- tion of the solar deity, seen on many of the monu- ments exhumed from the ruins of Nineveh and Bab- ylon. at Persepolis, etc. Ill PI. 8, Fig. ^0. Fer Ol i giste (fer ol-S-zh£st), n. [Fr.] (Min.) (Fe.j O2.) The mineralogical name of that variety of an- hydrous red oxide of iron, otherwise called Specu- lar Iron Ore, from avhich the well-known Swedish. Russian, and Elba irons are prepared. It occurs iu primary rocks. Fe ro ni a (fe-rO'ni-a), n. [The name of an ancient Italian goddess.] 1* (ZoOl.) According to Latreille, an extensive genus of coleopterous insects, belonging to the sec- tion Pentamera and family Carabidfe, mostly of ob- scure color. 2. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Auran- tiaceae, containing a single species, F. elephantum, the elephant or wood apple of India and Java, where the fruit is very generally eaten. Fe rosh (fg'rosh), n. An Indian servant who has the care of tents, furniture, etc. Simmonds. F© rous (fe'r&s or f&'rus), a. [Lat. ferus, wild.] Wild ; feral ; savage. [R.J Fer ra ra (f6r-r&'r&), n. A claymore or broadsword of peculiarly excellent quality, named after a fa- mous swordsmith of the name of Andrea Ferrara, but whether he was an Italian or a Spaniard is not determined. Genuine Andrea Ferrarashave a crown mark on the blade. Sir W. Scott. Fer ra ri a (fe-ra'ri-a^n. [In honor of J. B. Fer- rari, an Italian botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of bulb- ous plants, nat. order Iridaceae. They have been introduced into Europe from the Cape of Good Hope. Fer rate (fSr'at), ». (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of ferric acid with a base. Ferref (f&r're), )adv.compar. Further* Fer rerf (f&r'rer), ) Chaucer. Fer re an (fgr'e-an), o. [Lat. fer reus, from ferrum, iron.] Partaking of or relating to iron ; like iron ; ferreous. Fer ric (fSr'ik), a. [Fr. ferrique^ from Lat. ferrum, iron.] (Chem.) Applied to compounds containing iron in combination with as many atoms of oxygen, hydrogen, etc., as it is normally capable of combin- ing with.—Ferric acid (Chem.), an acid of iron (H2 FeO*), never obtained in the free state. A few salts of this acid are known and are called ferrates.—Fer- ric oxide (Fe203), sesquioxide of iron: this sub- stance occurs as haematite, specular iron ore. etc. Fer rical cite (fgr^-kafslt), n. [Lat. ferrum, iron, and calx, lime.] (Min.) A species of calcare- ous earth or limestone combined with a large por- tion of iron, fram 7 to 14 per cent. Fer ri cy an ic (fSr^-si-an^ik), a. [Lat. ferrum, iron, and "Eng. cyanogen.] Same as Ferrocyanic.— Ferricyanio acid (HgFeCpNg), an acid obtained by decomposing ferricyanide of lead witb sulphuric acid. . x Ferricyanide (fSr/i-sI//an-Id), n. (Cftem.) A salt of ferricyanic acid. Potassium ferricyanide or red orussiate of potash is the most important* of the series.^ Fer ri er y (fSr'i-er-i), n. Farriery. Bp. Lowih. Fer ril (fSr'il), n. Same as Ferrule. FEUILLANTS Fer rii it© (fSr'il-It), n. [Lat. ferrum, iron* stm] Gr. Acflos, a stone.] (Min.) Rowley ragg, a varieiy of trap, containing iron in the state of oxide. Fer ro prus si ate (fgr'o-priish'/i-at), n. (Chem.) A compound of ferroprussic pr ferrocyanic acid with a base ; ferrocyanide. Fer ro prus sic (f£r/o-priis'/ik), a. [Lat. ferrum, iron, and Eng. prussic.] Same as Ferrocyanic. Fer ro so fer ric (fer-rO'so-fgr^ik), a. [As if from Lat. adjective ferrosus, from ferrum, iron, and Eng. ferric.] (Chem.) A term applied to black or magnetic oxide (FesO^. It occurs in the mineral kingdom under the name of magnetic iron ore or native loadstone. Fer ro type (f6r'o-tIp)% n. [Lat. ferrum, iron, and Gr. TU7TO?, type.] (Photog.) (a) A term applied by Mr. Robert Hunt, the discoverer, to Bome photo, graphic processes in which the salts of iron are the principal agents, (b) A photograph taken on ja- panned sheet-iron by a collodion process. Ferrous (fgr'fis), o. Pertaining to or .obtained from iron: specifically (Chem.) applied to a corn* pound of which iron forms a constituent, but not to such an extent as it does in ferric compounds. Fers f (farz), n. J^Per. pherx, a general.] The queen at chess. Chaucer. Fervencef (fGi/vens), n. Heat; fervency. Chapman. Fe sa po (fe-sE'po), ». [A mnemonic word.] (Log- ic. ) The fourth form of the fourth figure of the syl. logism. Festing-pen ny (fgsfing-pSn'ni),?!. [Festingtor fasting, fastening, binding, and penny.] Earnest given to servants when hired or retained in service. Fes tl no (fes-tl'nO), n. [A mnemonic word.] (Log- ic. ) The third term of one of the second figures in x Logic. Fest licli f (fSst'lich), a. Dsed to feasts ; festive ; given to feasts. Chaucer. Fes tu ca (fes-tfl'ka), n. (Bot.) Fescuc-grass, a gen us of grasses containing a great number of spe- cies, found in the temperate and colder regions of the world. Few tu cine (fgs^fl-sln or fSb'tfl-sIn), n. (Min.) A splintery fracture. Crabb, Worcester. Fet(fSt),pp. Fetched. On, von noblest English, Whose blood is/ef from fathers of war-proof. Shak. Fetch (fech), v. t.—To fetch headway or sternway (Nautto move ahead or astern : said of a ship. Fetch (fSch), v. i. — To fetch and carry, to perform. menial services ; to become a 6ervile drudge. Fetch-can die (fSch' kan'dl), n. A light seen at night, and believed by the superstitious to portend a person's death. Fete (fSt), n. [3Tr.]—Fete de Dieu (Eccl.), a feast of the Roman Catholic Church in honor of the real presence in the Eucharist, kept on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday. < Fe tich (fg'tish), n. 1. An object by which certain tribes of Africa believe they can control their dei- ties. 2. Any object of exclusive devotion ; as^gold has become his fetich. ■ Fet i chism (fcSt'ish-Tzm),) n. Excessive devotion Fet i cism (fet'i-slzm), ) to one idea-or object; abject superstition. < Fet i chis tic (fgt'ish-Isf'ik or fg tisb-ist"ik), a. Of, or pertaining to, or characterized by, fetichism; abjectly superstitious. A man of the 15th centnry, inheriting its ntraiige web of belief and unbelief, of Epicurean levity and Fetiehistic dread. George Eliot. Fe tise ly f ) (fS'tis-li), adv. Featly; neatly; prop- Fetvslyf J erly. Chaucer. Fet lock-joint (f6t'10k-joint), n. The joint of a horse's leg next to the hoof. Fet low (fSt'10), n. A whitlow or felon on cattle. Fe tous ly f(fa/tus-li),odv. Same as Fetisely (which see). Fette f (fSt or fSt'e), pret. of fecche. Brought; fetched. Chaucer. Fet tie (fSt'l), v. t. [Wedgwood compares Icel.JWfti, to touch lightly with the fingers, L. G.flseln, topasa the fingers gently over, fisseln, to be occupied in cleaning.] fo repair; to put in right order; to put the finishing touches to; to sot to rights.'[Prov.Eng.] [The world] needs fettlino, and who's to fettle it ? Mrs. Oaskell. Fett stein (fgt'stln), n. [G., fat-stone.] (Min.) A name sometimes given to elaeolite. '« Fet u ous (fet'il-us or f6'tfl-fis), a. Neat; feat'. - Herrick. Fe tys f (fa'tis), o. Neat; well made; graceful. Chaucer. Feu (ftl), v. t. (Scots Law.) To give or take in feu. Feu ar (ftl'er), n. One who holds a feu. Feu-con tract (ftl'kOn-trilkt), n. (Scots Law.) A contract which regulates the giving out of land in feu between the superior and vassal or feuar. Feud al 1st (ftld al-ist), n. A supporter of the feud- al system. * * ■ 2. One versed in feudal law; a feudist. Feu-du ty (ffT'dti'ti), n. (Scots Law.) The ai^ual duty or rent paid by a feuar to his superior accord- ing to the tenure of his right. ^ FeuiJlans ) (f6-yanz), n.pl. (Eccl. Rist.) A re-^ Feuillants > ligious order, an offshoot of the Bernardines, founded by Jean de la Barriere in 1577: so called from the convent of Feuillant in Languedoc, where they were first established. Writ* tea also Fsuiilians. ' ~ JJOTATIOH: ft, 6,1,0, tL, long; S, 8,1, 8, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; Or, f§U, f$st, cfcrs; h6r, mOve, or; • boll, % Fr.; 6, Fr.» tcm; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FEUILLEA SfeVl 11 le a (M-Tl'S-a), n. (Bot.) A genus of plant?, sat. order Cucurbitace». The species are Datives of the tropio&l regions of America, and are frutes- cent, climbing herbs. The seeds are oily and o£ a oitter taste; they are anthelmintic and cathartic. Feu-tl tie (ftT'tl'tl), n. (Law.) A title to an estate graDted on condition of service to a feudal superior, but now satisfied by the payment of money. Fever (fS'ver),n. 1. (Med.) Thfc principal di- vision of fevers is into (a) continued fever, which in- cludes simple fever or febricula, typhus fever, ty- phoid, enterio or gastric fever, relapsing or famine fever; (&) intermittent fever or ague; (c) remittent fever, comprising simple remittent fever and yellow fever; (d) eruptive fever, including small-pox, cow- pox, chicken-pox, measles, scarlet fever, erysipelas, plague, and dengue fever. Fe ver (fe'ver), v. i. To be seized with fever. Fo ver-bush. (fe'ver-b\ish), n. (Bot.) In the Unit- ed States, the popular name of the Laurus Benzoin* an aromatic shrub with a flavor resembling benzoin. Fe ver-tree (fS'ver-trg), n. (Bot.) The blue gum- tree (Eucalyptus globulus). Few-trils (ffl'trilz), n.pl. Small articles; little, unimportant things ; trifles, as the smaller articles of furniture, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Dickens. F.©7 (ft). a. [A. Sax. foege, Icel. feigr, near to death.] - ■ 1. t Dying; dead. 2. On the verge of a sudden or violent death ; acting unaccountably, as persons in health and soon to die are supposed to do in some last and extraor- dinary effort; possessed by fate; doomed; fated. Written also Fie, Fye. [Scotch.] Fey, + n* Faith. Chaucer. Fey dom (fl'dom), n. The state of being fey. I Scotch.] W. Chambers. anc6 ) (f5-fifi-sfi), n. maso. and fern. An affi- Fianc£e S anced or betrothed person. Fl ants (fl'ants), ». pi. The dung of tbe fox or badger. Ft ar (fl'llr or ffKar), n. (Scots Law.) One to whom , any property belongs ita fee, that is, who has the property in reversion as contrasted with life-rent; i the person In whom the property of an estate is * vested, burdened with the right of life-rent. Fl as co (fg-fts'ko), n. [It. fiasco, a flask or bottle. In Italy when a singer fails to please, the audience shouts 'OI&, oik, fiasco,' perhaps in allusion to the bursting of a bottle.] A failure in a musical per- formance ; an ignominious and notorious failure generally. Fl at (fl'at), ». (Law.) A short order or warrant of some judge for making out and allowing certain processes, given by his writing and subscribing the words flat utpetitur, let it be done as is asked. Fl at-mon ey (fl//at-m&n/i), n. A recent term ap- plied to a paper currency, not resting on a specie basi9, but issued, and invested with id value as a purchasing medium, by the flat of the government i«suing it. [U.S.] Fl aunt (fS-§nt), n. A flat; a commission or war- rant. But through his hand must passe the flaunt. Spenser. Fib (fib), v. t. To tell a fib to; to lie to. [R.] 4 To fib a man.1 De Quincey. Fib (fib), v. t. pret. and pp. fibbed; ppr. fibbing. To beat or strike, especially by delivering a succession of 6hort rapid blows. [Eng. Slang.] Fl b (fib), v. i. To deliver a succession of short rapid blows. This, in pugilism, is generally effected by seizing a man by the head and pommeling him in . the ribs. [Eng. Slang.] Fl ber (fl'ber), n. [Lat., a beaver.] (ZoOl.) A genus of rodent mammals belonging to the family of the beavers (Castorina or Castoridffi), popularly known as musk-rat or musquash, the only known species of which is the North American musk-rat, or Fiber zibethicus. Fl ber ) (fl-ber), n.—Vegetable fiber, one of the most Fibre ji elementary forms of vegetable tissue, con- sists of excessively dolicate threads twisted spirally in the interior of a cell or tube. In its naked state, uncombined wiih membrane, it is 6npposed to be very rare.—Woody-fiber, a tissue consisting of tubes, or according to some authorities elongated cells, of a spindle-like shape, having their walls thickened so as t .3 give great firmness. Fib rl form (flb'ri-form or fl'bri-form), a. Tn the form of a fiber or fibers; resembling a fiber or fibers. Fl bril la (ff-brU'la),n. pi. Fl brll lae (fl-bririg). [Low Lat., dim of Lat. fibra, a fiber.] One of the elements or components of fiber; specifically (Bot.), one of the hairs produced from the epidermis which covers the young roots of plants. They are an increased development of the absorbing surface of the root". Fl brill at ed (fT-br!l'at-ed or fTb"ril-fit'ed), a. ■Furnished with or living fibrils or fibrillre; fringed. Fi bril la tlon (ffbril-a'/shunor fib'ril-a'/shun),». The state of being fibrillated, or reduced to fibrils or flbrillje. Fi brim a tlon (fl'brin-a//8hun), ». (Pathol.) The acquisition of an e-.cess of fibrine', as in inflamma£> tory diseases ; as, the fibrination of the blood. Fl brine (fl'brlne), a. Belonging to the fibers of plants. Fi bro car til age (fT/bro-kftr//ti-laj), ». (Anat.) Membraniform cartilage; the substance interme- diate between proper cartilage and ligament which constitutes the base of the ear, the rings of the trachea, the epiglottis, etc. 324 Fl bro oar tt lag I nons (fI/bro-kftr/til-aj//in-li?), a. Pertaining to or compos<*d of fibro-cartilage. Fl bro eel lu lar (fl bro-sgl'atl-ler), n. A term applied to tissues partaking of the characters of fi- brous and cellular tissues. Fibroin > (flb'ro-In or fl'bro-Tn), n. [Lat. fibra, Fib ro Ine ) a thread.] (Chem.) The principal chemical constituent of silk, cobwebs, and the horny skeletons of sponges. In the pure state it is white, insoluble in water, ether, acetic acid, etc., but dis- solves in an ammoniacal copper solution. Fib ro lite (flb'ro-llt or fr brol-It), n. [Lat. fibra, a thread, a fiber, and Gr. Ai'0os, a stone.] (Min.) A mineral of a white or gray color, composed of silica and alumina, and 6imilar to andalusite in its com- position. Fi bro mu cons (fT/ybrO-mfl/kfis), a. (Anat.) Pos- sessing the nature of fibrous and of mucous mem- branes : applied to fibrous membranes which are intimately united with other membranes of a mu- cous nature, as the pituitary membrane, the mem- brane of the urethra, etc. Dunglison Fibroplastic (fTbro-plSsfik), a. [Fr. fibro- plastique, from Lat. fibru, fiber, and Gr. jrAa nal sent in ancient times from place to place, expressive of a summons to repair to arms within a limited time. It consist- ed of a cross of light wood, the extremities of which were set fire to and then extinguished in the blood of a recently slain goat. Fi er y-hot (fler-i-h5t), a. Hot as a fire ; hence, fig. impetuously eager or enthusiastic. Tennyson. Fi er y-new (fTer-i-nii),a. Hot or fiery from new- ness. Tennyson. Fi er y-short (fI'«r-i-short), a. Hot or fiery and short; brief and passionate. Fiery-short was Cyril's counter-scoff. Tennyson. Fif ish (flf'ish),a. [This term originated from the belief that a considerable number of the people of the county of Fife were somewhat deranged.] Half- crazy ; excessively whimsical; crabbed and peculiar indisposition. [Scotch.] Fig (fig), n. —To be in good fig, to be in good form or condition; as, the horse was in good fig for the race. [Sporting slang.] Fig (fig), v. t. 1. To dress; as, to fig one out. 2* To treat a horse in such a way as to make the animal appear lively, as by putting a piece of ginger into the anus. Fig t (fig), v. i. [Akin to fidget.] To move sudden- ly or quickly ; to fidget. The hound.... Leaves whom he loves, upon the scent doth ply, Figs to and fro, and falls in cheerful cry. Sylvester, Du Bartas. Fi ga ro (fS-ga-rO), n. A witty, shrewd, and in- triguing person, so called from the hero of two plays by Beauraarchais. Fig-cake (ffg'kSk), ». A preparation of figs and ahnonds worked up into a hard paste and pressed iEtn round cakes like small cheeses. Simrnonds. Fig-dust (flg'dQst), n. A name given to fine-ground oat-meal, used for feeding birds that are kept in cages. Fig-eater (flg'^t'er), n. (Ornith.) A bird; the greater petty chaps. Fig-faim (ftg-fan), n. The name of one of a fam- ily of sylvan deities, supposed to have subsisted on figs: whence the name. Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the fig- fauns. Jer. i. 39, Douay trans. 325 Fig gum (flg'um), n. Jugglers' tricks generally; the trick of spitting fire; legerdemain. [R.] The devil is the author of wicked figgurn. B. Jonson. Fight (fit), v. i. and t.—To fight shy of persons or things, to avoid them from a feeling of dislike, fear, • mistrust, or similar reasons.—To fight it ou<, to struggle till a decisive result is attained. Fight (fit), ». Power or inclination for fighting. [Colloq.] P.....had some fight left in him. Thackeray. Fight ing-fish (flt'ing-fishj.n. (Ichth.) Macrop- odus or Ctenops pugnax, a small fish of the family Anabas.-dae, a native of the southeast of Asia, re- markable for its pugnacious propensities. Fight ing-gear (flfing-ggr), n. Warlike or mil- itary accouterments. Carlyle. Fig- tree (fig'trg), n.—To dwell under one's vine and fig-tree, to live in peace atod safety. 1 Ki. iv. 25. Fig u line (ftg'u-lm or fig'u-lin), ». [Lat. figulus% a potter, from fingo^ to fashion.,] 1. A name given by mineralogists to potters' clay. 2« A style of pottery-ware in which natural ob- jects were represented. It was so named by Palissy, the French potter, who first introduced the style: written also figurine. Fig ure (flg'Hr), n. (Astrol.) The horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological houses. Hudibras. Figured (fig'ilrd),p, a.—Figured muslin, muslin in which a pattern or design is wrought. Fig ure-mak er(flg^flr-miik'er), n. A modeler; one who practices the most refined part of the art of molding, and casts busts, animals, and other orna- ments, as branches, foliage, etc.; a maker of wood- en anatomical models for artists. Fike (flk), n. A bow-net for catching fish: spelled also fyke. Fike I (flk), v. i. [Older and Northern form cor- Fyke ) responding to the softened fidge. Comp. birk, birch; rig, ridge; brig, bridge.] To fidget; to be restless ; to be constantly in a state of trivial motion; to be at trouble about anything. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Fike ) (flk), v. t. To give trouble to; to vex; to Fyke J perplex. [Scotch.] Fike £ (flk), n. 1. Restlessness or agitation caused Fyke) by trifling annoyance. [Scotch.] Ramsay. 2* Any trifling peculiarity in regard to work which causes unnecessary trouble; teasing exact- ness of operation. [Scotch.] You have ower mony fykes. Mrs. Hamilton. Fi ker y ) (flk'e-ri), n. The act oftgiving trouble ie> ' ..... Fy ker [Scotch.] about trifles; vexatious trouble. Gait. Causing or giving trouble, es- Fi ky ? (flk'i), Fy ky > pecially about trifles; finical; anduly par- ticular ; troublesome in regard to matters of no con- sequence ; as, fiky work; a fiky body. [Scotch.] Fil,t pret. of O. Eng. fallen. Fell; occurred. Chaucer. Fil a gree (fll'a-gr5), n. Same as Filigree. Fil a ment a ry (fira-mSnfa-ri), a. Formed by a filament or filaments ; having the character of a filament. In the blennies, the forked hake, the forked beard, and some'other fishes, the ventral fins are reduced to filamentary feelers. Owen. Fil a ment old (fA'a-mSnfoid), a. [From Eng. filament, and Gr. elfios, resemblance.] Like a fila- ment. Fi lar (fl'ler), a. [Lat. filum, a thread.] Pertain- ing to a thread; specifically applied to a micro- scope, or other optical instrument, into whose con- struction one or more threads or wires are intro- duced; as, a filar microscope ; a filar micrometer. Fi la ri a (fi-13/ri-a), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of nema- toid worms, belonging to the class Scolecida, includ- ing the guinea-worm. Fil a ri a dae (fll'a-rr'a-dS),) n.pl. (ZoOl.) Thread- Fil a ri i dae (fl^a-rl^i-dS), J worms. A family of parasitic thread-like worms, inhabiting different animals and different parts of their bodies. Fil a zer (fll'az-er), n. Same as Filacer, Fil berd (fll'b^rd), n. Same as Filbert. File (fil), n. [Fr.jWe, from Lat. filum, a thread.] Fine gold or silver wire-thread, or silk wound around with tinsel. File (fil), n. 1 • Any means used to refine or polish, as style. Akenside. 2. f Smooth polished style. Spenser. 3. A hard, cunning person; a snrewd person; a deep or artful man; as, a sly old file. [Slang.] Dickens. File-marcli ing (fil"march;ing), n. (Mil.) The marching of a line two deep, when faced to the right or left, so that the front and rear rank march side by side. Brande. File-shell (fll'shSl), n. A bivalve mollusc of the genus Pholas. Fil i bus ter (fTV'i-bfis'ter), v. i. To endeavor to defeat a measure, or to delay legislation, by frivo- lous questions of order, motions to adjourn, etc., raised by the minority in order to weary out the op- posite party, or to gain time. [Colloq. U. S.] Fil i cal (firi-kal), a. Belonging to the Filices or ferns. ' Fil i ces (ffl'is-Sz), n. pi. [Nom. pi. of Lat. filix, 1 the male fern.] (Bot.) The scientific name of the large group of cryptogamic plants popularly known I as ferns. FIND Fil f clde (fQ'i-sId), n. [Lat. fiHus, soniftlia, daugh- ter, and ccedto, to kill.] The killing of one's own child. [R. and recent.] Fil i col o gy (fil'i-kQl^o-ji), n. [Latvia?, a fern, and Gr. Adyo?, a discourse.! The study of ferns. Fi 11 e ty (fi-ll'e-ti), n. [Lat. filius, a eon.] The relation of a son to a parent; sonsiiip. The filiety of B. j. S. Mill. Fil i form i a (flV'i-fflrm'i-a), n. pi. (ZoOl.) One of the two sections into which crustaceans of the order Lsemodipoda are divided, the other section being the Ovalia. Fil I te las (fll'Wlg), n. pi. [Lat. filum, a thread, and tela, a web.] (Entom.) A tribe of spiders who spread their threads about the places in which they prowl in pursuit of their prey. Fil let ing (fil'let-ing), n. 1. The material for making fillets. 2. Fillets, collectively. Fill-horse (firhors), n. The horse which goes in the shafts; a thill-horse. Fil 11 bus ter (fiF'i-bus'ter), n. Same as Filibuster. Fill ing (firing), ». 1. The act of one who fills or supplies. 2* Materials used for occupying some vacant space, for completing some structure, stopping up a hole, or the like. 3. The material employed for filling up the out- side pores of certain porous woods used for fine work, such as house-finishing, cabinet-making, etc. Dana. Fil lis ter (fll'lis-ter), w. A kind of plane used for grooving timber or for rebates. Film (film), v. i. To be or become covered as if by a film. Straight her eyeballs filmed with horror. E. B. Browning. Film y (fflm'i), a.—Filmy fern (Bot.), the common name for two British species of the genus Hymeno- phylium. They have a creeping, thread-like rhi- zome, and small delicate pellucid fronds. Fil o plu ma ceous (fU/o-plu-ma,/6hus), a. (Or- nith.) Formed like a filoplume. ' Fil o plume (fll'o-pltim or fl'lo-'plilm), n. [Lat. filum, a thread, and phima, a feather.] (Ornith.) A long, slender, and flexible feather, closely approx- imating to a hair in form, and consisting of a deli- cate shaft, either destitute of vanes or carrying a few barbs at the tip. Filoselle (fS-lG-zai), n. [Fr.] Ferret or floss silk; grogram yarn or thread. Fil ter ing (fH/ter-ing), p. a.—Filtering bag, a con- ical-shaped bag made of close flannel, and kept open at the top by means of a hoop, to which it is attached. It is used in filtering wine, vinegar, etc. —Filtering cupt a pneumatic apparatus used for the purpose of showing that, if the pressure of the at- mosphere be removed from an under surface, th® pressure on the surface above has the effect of fox- ing a fluid through the pores of such substances as it could not otherwise penetrate.—Filtering funnel, a glass or other funnel made with slight flutes or channels down the lower parts of the sides.—Filter- ing paper, any paper unsized and sufficiently porous to allow liquids to pass through it.—Filtering stone, any porous stone, such as sandstone, through which water is filtered. Fim ash ing (flm'ash-ing), n. [Lat. fimu$% dang. ] Among hunters, the dung of several sorts of wild beasts ; fumets. Fim bril lif er ous (flm'bril-Tf'er-fta), o. [As if from a Lat. fimbrilla, a little fringe, and/ero, to bear.] (Bot.) Bearing many little fringes, as the receptacle of some composites. Fi me ta ri ous (fl'me-ta^ri-iis), a. [Lat.yimefww, a dunghill.] (Bot.) Growing on or amidst dung. Fin (fin), n. Anything resembling a fin ; as, (a) a finlike attachment or organ. ' The fins of her eye- lids.' J. Webster, (fc) The sharp plate in the colter of a plow, (c) (Molding.) A thin excrescence on the surface of a casting, caused by the imperfect ap- proximation of two molding-boxes, containing each a portion of the mold. The fin is formed by the metal running in between the two parting surfaces. (d) (Coin.) A blade of whalebone, (e) A hand. [Slang.] Fin a ble (fln'a-bl), a. That may be clarified, re- fined, or purified. Fi nal i ty (fl-n&Fi-ti), n. (Fhilos.) The doctrine that nothing exists or was made except for a de- terminate end; the doctrine of final causes. Finance (fi-nrtns'), v. i. To conduct financial operations; especially, in a commercial sens®, to meet obligations by continual borrowing. Fin an ceer (fln'an-sSr^or fi-n&n'sSr), v. i. Same as Financier. Fl nan clal 1st (fl-n&i'shal-ist), n. One well verged in financial matters ; a financier. Fin an eiev ) (fln'an-sSr" or fi-nSn'sgr), v. i. To Fin am ceer V borrow one day to meet sn obliga- tion, and on a subsequent day to again borrow to meet the borrowed money, and so on till one's affairs get into confusion. Lever.' Find (find), v.i. (Law.) To determine and declare an issue of fact; to give judgment on the merits oT facts of a case ; as, the jury finds for the plaintiff. v Find (find), n. A discovery of anything valuaW^ the thing found ; as, a find in the gold-fields ; &Jtnd of archaeological relics. Specimens were among the find of coins at High Wy- combe in 1827. Notation ; a, e, I, 0,11, long; a, g, I, 5, fi, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, f§ll, f»st, cire; h&r, mOve, or b^U, Qi Fr.; A, FrH ton i On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FIND ABLE Fllld a ble (flnd'a-bl), a. Capable of being found. Tennyson. Find er (flnd'er), ». {Customs.) A searcher em- ployed to discover goods imported or exported without paying custom. Fin don Had dock \ (fIn"in-had'dok),n. A spe- Fin nan Mad dock ) cies of smoke-cured had- dock largely used at table: so named from Fin- don, a fishing-village on the coast of Kincardine- shire, where this mode of curing haddocks appears to have originated. Fine (fin), v. i. fTo cease. Chaucer. Fine-cut (fln'k&t), ». A kind of chewing tobacco cut up very fine. , ^ Fine-drawn (fTn'dr&n), a. Drawn out to too great > a degree of fineness or tenuity, as thread ; drawn out with too much subtlety ; as, fine-drawn con- clusions. Fine-spok en (fln"spOk/n), a. Using fine phrases. Chesterfield. FI nesse (fl-nSs')< n. 1. ( Whist-playing.) The act \ of playing with the view of taking the trick with a * lower card than may be in the hand of your adver- sary on the left, while a higher card is in your own hand. 2, t Fineness. Fi nesse (fl-nfis'), v. i. ( Whist-playing.) To attempt to take a trick with a card lower than one which may be held by one's opponent on his loft hand, while one has A card capable of taking it with more certainty in his hand. Fl nesse (fl-ngs'), v. t. ( Whist-playing.) To finesse with; to practice or perform a finesse with ; as, to finesse a king, a knave, etc. r^g. Ency. Fin gent (fin'jent), a. [Lat. fingo, to Tuake, to form.] Making; forming ; fashioning. Man is the mont^lngent, plastic of creatures. Garlyle. Fin ger (flng'ger), ». Something resembling or serving the purpose of a finger ; an index. Cowper. Spires whose solemn finger points to heaven. Wordsworth. —Finger of God, power, strength, or work of God.— To have at one^s finger ends, to be quite familiar with ; to be able to make available readily, t^ln ger-al pha bet(llng//ger-5rfa-bet),». Certain positions and motions of the hands and fingers answering to thecdmmon written alphabet. Fin ger-and-toe (fing'ger-and-tO). n. The popu- lar name for dactylorhiza, a disease in turnips. Fin ger er (flng'ger-er), n. One who fingers; one who handles that with which he has nothing to do; a pilferer. Fin ger lng (flng'ger-ing), n. A thick loose wool- en yarn used for knitting stockings and the like. Fin ger ling (flng'ger-ling), n. A local name of the young of the salmon. Fin ger-or gan (fing/'ger-or'gan), n. An organ layed with the fingers. n ger-part ed (fing"ger-p&rt'ed), o. (Bof.) Divided into lobes having a fanciful resemblance to the fingers of the human hand, as 8 leaf. Fin ger-read lng (flng' ger-rSd ing), n. A mode , of rending for the blind, by means of letters sufficiently raised to permit of their outlines being distinguished by the touch of the fingers. Fin ie (fin'Jk), a. Finical. [R.] Collier. Fin Ick ing (fTn'ik-ing), a. Finikin. With hII the finicking coxcombry of youth. Dickens. Fl nlf to (fl-nlf'ik), n. [Lat. finis, end, and facio, to make.] A limiting element or quality. [R.] Coleridge. Fin I fy + (ffn'i-fT), v. t. [Eng. fine, and Lat .facio, to make. J To make fine ; to adorn. ' Hath so pared and finified them (his feet).' B. Jonson. Fin lsh (fin'ish), v. i. To come to an end; to terminate; to expire. 'His days may finish ere that.' Shah. Fin lsh er (fTn'ish-er), n. 1. A machinist. 2. Something that gives the flnishiug touch to or settles anything. [Colloq.] •This was a finisher,' said L&ckington. T. Hook. Fin lsh ing-coat (fin ish-ing-kOt), ». The coat which finishes, as the last coat of stucco, the last coat of paint. Fin lsh lEig-schooltfln'ish-ing-skfll),/!. A school in which young people complete their education: generally applied to ladies' schools. Fin-pike(fln'plk), n. (Ichth.) The name given to the individuals of a family (Polypteridre) of ganoid fishes, remarkable for tha structure of the dorsal fin, which, instead of being continuous, is separated into twelve or sixteen strong spines, distributed at short intervals along nearly the whole cf the back, and each bordered behind by a pmall soft fin. Fin-ray (fln'ra), n. (Ichth.) The rigid or compar- atively rigid part of the fin in fishes. Fin-spine (fin'spin), n. (Ichth.) (a) A spine-shaped ray in the fin of a fish, (b) pi. A group of fishes characterized by spiny fins; acanthopterygious fishes. - Fin-spin ed (fln'splnd), a. Having spiny fins; acanthopterygiou®. , Fl o ryte (fi'o-rlt), n. Same as Gtyserite (which see). ... Fire (fir), n.—Letters of fire and sword, in the ancient law of Scotland, letters of ejectment issued from the Scots Privy Council, and directed to the sheriff of the county, authorizing him to call the assistance of the oounty to dispossess a tenant who retained his possession contrary to the order of the judge 326 and the diligence of the law.—To take fire, to become ignited; to begin to burn; hence (Fig.), to take violent offense ; to become enraged; to fly into a pass ton. Fire (flr), v. I.—To fire away, to begin ; to go on: a slang expression borrowed from the language of soldiers and sailors.—To fire out, to eject violently; to cast out. [Novs Slang.] Shah. Flre-a iarm (flr'a-l&rm), n. An apparatus for instantaneously giving information of fire, as by telegraphic siglial. Fire-back (flr'b&k), n. (Ornith.) A genus of pheas- ants (Gallophasis)H natives of India, noted for the brilliancy of their plumage. Fire-basket (flr^b^ket), n. A portable grate or cresset for a bed-room. Fire bill (flr'bD),n. (Naut.) The distribution of the officers and crew on board a man-of-war in the case of an alarm of flre. Fire boom (flr'bOm), n. (Naut.) A long boom, having a goose-neck to slip on to a bolt in a ship's wales to prevent an enemy's boats from getting alongside during the night, or to keep off fire-ships, fire-atages, or veseGls accidently on fire. Fire-bug (Sr-biig) n. A person who, from mania, or through sheer wantonness or malice, attempts to set fire to the property of another, or to his own; an incendiary. [Low. U. S.] Fire-dress (flr'drgs), n. An exterior light armor of metallic gauze, and of an inner covering of a ma- terial which is a slow conductor of heat, such as wool, cotton, etc., immersed in certain saline solutions, used as a protection against fire in rescuing life or property. Fire-fanged (fliyf&igd), a. Dried up as by fire: specifically applied to manure which has assumed a baked appearance, from the heat evolved during decomposition. Fire-flag (flr'flag), ». A flash or gleam of light- ning unaccompanied with thunder. Coleridge. Flre-flaught (flr/fi$icht), n. A flash of lightning; more specifically, a flash unaccompanied by thun- der. [Scotch.] Fire-hearth (flr'hftrth), n. A kind of Btove or cooking-range used in ships. Fire-honse (flr'hous), n. A dwelling-house, as opposed to a barn, stable, or other out-house. [Now only a provincial word.] Firelight (flr'llt), In. A composition of Fire light er (flr^llt'er), ) very inflammable material, as pitch and sawdust, for lighting fires. Fire-m8lsi (ffi^mfin), n. A pipe for water, to be employed in case of conflagration. Fire-man (flr'man), ». (Coal-mining,) One whose special duty it is to examine every morning the working-places and roads of a pit to ascertain if fire- damp is pr ssent. Fire-pro of (flr'pr&f), v. t. To render proof against flre ; to make incombustible. Fire-proof lag (flr//pr5f/ing), n. 1* The act of making fire-proof. 2* Materials used for making anything fire-proof. Fire-raft (flr'r&ft), «. A timber construction bear- ing combustible matters, psed by the Chinese to de- stroy an enemy's vessel. Flre-rals Ing (flr^'razing), n. The act of setting on flre. (Scots Law.) Fire-raising is the technical equivalent of anion in English law. Fire-roll (flr'rOl), ». (iVaut.) A peculiar beat of the drum to order men to their .stations on an alarm of fire; a summons to quarters. Fire-stop (flr'stOp), n. A name given to the fire- bridge, ou the erroneous supposition that its only office is to prevent the stoker or fireman pushing the coals too far. Fire-surface (fir'sSr'fas), *?. (Steam-boilers.) The aggregate surface of the boiler exposed to the action of the fire. Called also Heating-surface. Fire-swab (flr'swOb), n. (Naut.) A bunch of rope-yarn, secured to the tompion, and immersed in water to wet the gun and dear away any particles of powder, etc. Fire-tea ser (£Ir'/tS/zer), n. One who acts as fire- man of a steam-engine. [Slang. Eng.] Flre-tel e graph (flr^tePe-graf),». A telegraph to announce the outbreak of flre to different parts of a city; afire-alarm. Fire-tow er (flr^tou'er), ». A sortof light-house. Fire-tube (flr'tflb), n. A pipe or flue for convey- ing heat, as, in a locomotive, a tube through which flre passes for obtaining a large heating surface. Fire-wa ter (fTr^wa'ter), n. The name originally given by some of the American Indian tribes to ar- dent spirits. J. F. Cooper. Fir-ln-bond (f6r'in-b8nd"), n. (Carp.) A name given to lintels, bond-timbers, wall-plates, and all timbers built in walls. Fir In g*m& chine (flr^ing-ma- shSn'),». (Meek.) An apparatus for feeding an engine-furnace with- coal. Flrk t (f6rk), v. i. [A. Sax. frician, to danoe.] To spring; to go off or fly out suddenly ; to jump about. B. Jonson. Flrk f (f6rk), ». 1 • A stroke; a lash, 2. A trick; a quip; a quirk; a crank. Firm (f6rm), a.—Long Firm, a term given to that class of swindlers who obtain goods by pretending to be in business in a certain place, and ordering goods to be sent to them, generally from persons at a distance, without any intention of payment. When they have obtained all they can in this way, they de- FISH-HAWK camp to reappear elsewhere under a differ jnt name. A person practicing this system is said to be a mem- ber of the Long Firm. [The term Long Firm is probably employed because the number of such swindlers is so great that, if they are regarded as the members of one firm, the name of the firm is a very long one.] [Eng.] Firm (f£rm), v. t. (Agrio.) To render firm or sol- id ; to solidify. [Eng.] Firm (ferm), v. i. To become firm or solid. Fir ma tlon (fer-mfl'shun), n. A fixing; steady- ing. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Firm-foot ed (fdrm^fftt'ed), a. Having firm feet; standing firmly; not easily made to stumble or fall. Firm ness (fdrm'nes), n. (Fhren.) An organ situ- ated toward the back part of the head, between Self- esteem and Veneration. Its function is said to be to produce determination, constancy, and persever- ance. Fl rol I dee (fi-rOl'i-dSJ, n. pi. (Zo6l.) A family of gasteropodous molluscs, belonging to the order Nucleobranchiata or Heteropoda. Fir-rape (f6r'rap), n. The English name common to all the parasitic plants of the order Monotropa- ceaa. Fir ry (f&r'ri), a. Of or pertaining to firs; formed of fir; abounding in firs. In firry woodlands making moan. Tennyson. First (f6rst$ n.—First-day, the name given to the Lord's-day by the Quakers and some other Christian bodies, from its being the first day of the week.— First-foot, in Scotland, the person who first enters a dwelling-house after the coming in of the year; also, the first person or object met on setting out on any important journey or undertaking.—First-mate (Nautthe chief officer of a merchant vessel; the person next in rank to the eaptain.—First-mover, the person or thing that moves first; the prime mov- er; the original propelling power, whether natural or artificial. —First-rate (Naut.), a war-ship of the first or most powerful rate or class.—First-water, the first or highest quality; purest luster': applied to gems and principally to diamonds and pearls; as, a diamond of the first-water. First-begotten (fferst^be-gftt'n), a. First pro- duced ; eldest among children. First-class (fdrsfkla.-*), a. First-rate; of the high- est exoelience or quality; as, the goods were first- class. [Colloq. ] First-hand (ferst'hSnd), n. Direct transfer from the producer without the intervention of an agent: used only in the phrase at first-band.—At first-hand^ directly; without the intervention of a middleman or agent. It is the intention of the person to reveal it at first- hand, by word of month, to yourself. Dickens. First hood t (ffirst'hod), n. State or condition of priority. Goodioin. Fish (fish),».—To be neither flesh ncr fish, to be neither one thing nor another; to be a nondescript: sometimes contemptuously said of a waverer or trimfher who belongs to no party or sect. Dryden. —To have other fish to fry, a colloquial expression denoting that a person has other occupations or other objects which require his attention.—J. strange or queer fish, a whimsical, odd, or eccentric person.—A loose fish, a person o? irregular habits. Fish (fish), v. t. (a) (Joinery.) To strengthen, aa a piece of wood by fastening another piece above or below it, and sometimes both. (&) (Railway.) To fasten together.—Fished beam (Joinery), along beam composed of two shorter beams joined end to end and fished, that is, secured by pieces of wood covering the joints on opposite sides and bolted to both beams.—To fish out, to get out by cunning or artifice ; to elicit by stratagem. Fish (fish), n. [Fr. fiche, a gardener's dibble, e peg nsed to mark distances, trorT^ ficher, to fix; hence, a peg used in marking at cribbage, e^°'J ^ counter used in various games. Fish a ble (ffeh'a-bl), a. Capable of being flehsrd; fit for being fished in. T. Hughes. Fish-backed (flsh'bSkt), a. Shaped like a fish's back; swelling upward ; as, a fish-backed rail. Fish-ball (flsh'bsl), ». (Cookery.) A ball, com- posed of finely-chopped salt codfish and mashed po- tatoes, or other vegetables, fried in butter or lard. [Local. U. S.] Flsh-bas ket (flsh^bas'ket), n. A basket for car- rying fish. Flsh-bel lied (flsh"bei'lld), a. Shaped like a fish's belly; swelling downward ; as, a fish-bellied rail. Fish-block (fish'bltfk), n. (Naut.) A purchase used to raise the flukes of an anchor up to the gun- wale. Fish-crow (flshtrO), n. (Ornith.) A bird (Corvus ossifragtLs) inhabiting the coasts of the Atlantic in the United States, and subsisting chiefly on fish. Fish-cul ture (fleh'-'ktil'ttlr), n. Same as Piscicul- ture. Flsh-da vlt (flsh'Wvit). n. (tfcrnf.) A spar, with a roller or sheave at its end, used for fishing the anchor. Fish-flour (flsh'flour), n. A kind of flour made by grinding down dried fish, as is done in Norway. Fish-gua no (flsh//gwfi/no), n. Fish, or fieh-ofial, used as manure. Fish-hawk (flsh'h$k), n. The American name of the Pandion haliaetus, the osprey, bald blizzard, or fishing-eagle. _______ oh, chain; g, go; j, Job; ng, sincr» th, tfcea; th, thin; w, wig; wh, u>Mg; zh, a*ure; oo, food; oi, oil; pound. jgflF" On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FISHING yj (flz^en-les), a. [For foisonless—foi- Fiz zen less ) son and less.] Pithless; weak. [Sc.] Fi» si cos tate (fls/si-k&f>//tat), a^ [Lat. flndo, fis- sum, to cleave, and oostatus, having ribs, from costa, p. rib.] Having the ribs divided. Fis si den te ee (fls'si-dgn^te-S), to. pi. [Lat. fis- sus, cleft, and dens, dent is, a tooth.] (Bot.) A nat. order of mosses, remarkable for their peristome being almost rudimentary., and having broad-keeled sheathing leaves. Fis si lin gul a (fls/si-llng//gwi-a), n. pi. [Lat. fissus, cleft, and lingua, a tongue.] (ZoOl.) One of two divisions of the Lacertilia or lizards. Fis sion (flsb'un), n. (Physiol.) Multiplication by means of a prooess of self division, consisting of gradual division or cleavage of the body into two parts, each of which then becomes a separate and independent individual, as when a vegetable or ani- mal cell undergoes spontaneous division, the divid- ed parts again sub-dividing, or an animalcule or polyp divides Into tw6 parts; flssiparism. Fis si pal mate (fts'si-pSl^mat), o. [Lnt. findo, fissus, to split, and palmatus, palmate. J (Ornith.) Having the membranes between the toes deeply in- cised or cleft, as tfce foot of the grebe; semi-pal- mate. Fis sip a ra (fls-s!p/a-ra), n. pi. (Zodl.) A term applied to animals which propagate by spontaneous fission, as in the Polypi, Infusoria, and certain worms, IFls si parity (fIs'i-pSr"i-tI), n. (Physiol.) Re- production by fission ; flssiparlsih. - See Fission. 327 Fis sip a r^ms ly (fis-sTp'a-rtis-li), adv. In a fls- siparous manner; by fission or spontaneous divis- ion. Fis si pa tlon (fls'si-pft^shun), n. (Physiol.) Re- production by flssion. Mayne. Fis si pen nae (fis/si-pSn'/n0), n. pi. [Lat. findo, fissum, to cleave, and penna, a wing.] (Entom.) The plumed moths, a small group of lepidopterous in- sects, including the Pterophorida "and Tineina, to which the latter group the clothee-moth belongs. Fis si ros tres (fls,/8i-r0si,/trez), pi- [Lat. findo, fissum, to divide, and rostrum, a beak.] (Ornith.) . A tribe of the Insessores or perching birds, distin- guished by having the bill very wide—the gape ex- tended beneath the eyes—oulmen short and curved to the top, and feet weak. 111. Pi. 8, Fig*. 11. Fis sle I (fls'l), v. i. [Origin doubtful; perhaps Fis sll f onomatopoetic.] 1. To make a slight continued rustling noise. [Scotoh.] Sir W. Scott. 2c To move about from side to side; to fidge. [Scotch.] Twa lines frae you wad gar me fissle. Burns. Fis sel } n. Bustle. [Scotch.] Fis su ra (fls-sfl'ra), n. [Lat.] (Anat.) A fissure a groove ; a fine crack in a bone. Fis su ra tlon (fl6h/flr-a"shun), n. (Physiol.) Same as Fission. Fis sur el 1 d«e ffls'sflr-Sr'li-dS), n. pi. {From Fissurella, the typical genus, dim. of Lat. fissura, a fissure, and Gr. «I8o?, likeness.] (ZoOl.) The key- hole limpets, a family of gasteropodous molluscs of the order Scutlbranchiata. Fissure-needle (fish'tlr-ne'dl), n. (Surg.) A spiral needle for bringing together the lips of a wound. Being turned round its axis it oatcheseach lip alternately, and it is so made as to be able to in- troduce a thread or wire, which is left in the plaoe when the needle is withdrawn. Ffis sure-vein (flsh'tlr-van), n. See Vara. Fist (fist), n. The talons of a bird of prey. [R.] Spenser. Fis tl a na (fls/tl-fl//na), n. pi. [Eng. fist, and affix ana.] A collection of anecdotes or information regarding pugilists or pugilistic matters; boxiana. Fist-mate (flst'mflt), n. An antagonist in a pugil- istic encounter. ^ Lando~. Fist u la (flst'fi-la), n. [Lat., #pipe. Com p. Eng. whistle.] A reed; a pipe; a shepherd's pipe.—Fist- ula lachrymalis (Surg.), a fistula of the lachrymal sac, a disorder accompanied with the flowing of tears.—Fistula in ano (Swrg.), fistula penetrating into the cellular substance about the anus, or into the rectum itself.—Fistula inperinoeo (Surg.)% fist- ula in the course of the perineum. Fist u lar i dee (fTst'fl-lllr'/i-dS), n. pi. (Ichth.) A family of malacopterygious fishes, synonymous with AulostomidsB. Fist u la ry (flsffl-la-ri), a. Same as Fistular. Fist ule (fist'til), n. A fistula. Holland. Fist u 11 dee (flst-fl'U-dfi), n. pi. (ZoOl.) The for- mer name of the family of echinodermatous animals now known as Holothuridse. Fist u Una (flst/fl-ll//na), n. (Bot.) A genus of Fungi, allied to Boletus, found on old oak, walnut, and chestnut trees, as also on ash and beech ; it is much esteemed in some parts of Europe as an ar- ticle of food. Fist y (flsfi), a. Pertaining to the fists or pugil- ism ; fistic. Fit(13ft), n. tDisorder; irregularity; caprice. Shak. Fit (fit), n. A foot; a step. [Scotch.] Fitch-brush (flch'brllsh), n. A brush or hair pen- cil made of the hair of the fitch or polecat. Such brushes are much esteemed, are elastio and firm, can be brought to a fine point, and work freely. Pitched (flcht), a. (Her.) Same as Fitohee (whioh see). Fit ch£e (flch'5),) p. a. [Fr. fiche, pp. of fieher, to Pitched (flcht), } drive or thrust in.] (Her.) Pointed or sharpened, generally at the lower part. Written also fiched. Fitfully (flt'fgl-li), adv. By fits; at intervals; irregularly; brokenly. Fit ful ii ess (flt'frjl-nes), n. State of being fitful; impulsiveness; waywardness; instability. Fi thelef (fi-thfll7), «. A fiddle. Chaucer. Fit-rod (flt'rSd), n. (Ship-building.) A small iron rod with a hook on the end, used for being inserted into the holes made in a vessel's sides, in order to ascertain the required length of the bolts or tree- nails which are to be driven in. Pitt (fit), ». [A. Sax. fitt, a song; fittan, to sing, to dispute. J A musical strain or air ; a canto. Spenser. Fit ter (flfer), n. (JfecJi.) One who puts the parts of machinery together, in contradistinction to pat- tern-maker, founder, turner, etc. Fit ter (flt'er), n. [A form of fritter.]—In fitters, in angry recrimination. They were in fitters about prosecuting their titles to this city. Fuller. Fit ting-shop (flt'ing-shSp), n. (Mech.) A shop in which machinery is fitted up, in*contradistinc- tion to turning-shop, fotindry, smithy, etc.; the shop in which the fitters work. Five (flv), a.—TheFive Points (Theol.), the principal points of controversy between the Calvinists and Arminians, relating to predestination, sanotifica- tlon, regeneration, grace, and final perseverance. FLAGITATION Five-bar " (flv'bftr) )<*. Having five bars; «! Five-barred (flvOjard), ) a five-barred gate. Five-cleft (flVklSft), o. Quinquefld; divided into five segments. Five-fin gered (Cv//flng'gerd), a. Having five fingers. Five-fin gers (flv"flng'gers), h. 1. The nam a given by oyster-fishers to two species of star-fiaL, the Uraster rubens and Solaster papposus. 2* A name given to the five of trumps in certain games of cards. [Slang.] Five-fin ger-tled (flv"f!ng/ger-tld), a. Tied by ail the fingers of the hand, that is, eagerly or se- curely tied. / ShaB. Flv er (AVer), ». Anything tbat counts as five, as a five-pound note, a stroke at cricket by which fite runs are made, etc. [Colloq.] Fives-court (flvz'kOrt), n. A place where the game of fives is played. Five-twen ty (flv-tw&a'ti), a. Applied to a bond issued by the U. 8. Government, the principal of which is payable in twenty years from its date* or may be paid after it has run five years, if the gov- ernment see fit. Five-valved (flv'vSlvd), a. Furnished with five valves. » Fix (flks), v. t.—To fix a picture (Photog.), to give permanence to the image on a negative or positive, by removal of the superfluous salts of silver, whioh would otherwise gradually blacken and destroy t)ie image. This is usually done by means of hyposul- phite of soda. Fix a tlon (fiks-S'shun), n. Ref-Mence in a certain place, or a plaoe of residence. [R.] Raleigh. Fix a tlve (flks'a-tiv), n. Anything which serves to render fixed or stable, as a mordant with referenoe to colors. Fix a ture (flks'a-ttlr), n. A gumi^y composition for the hair. Fixing (flks'ing), n. 1* (Maeh.) A piece of casWroo adapted to carry pillow-blocks and the like. When it is built into a wall it is called a toall-fixing or wail-box; when attached to a wall by bolts It ia a plate-fixing. There are also beam-fixings, as tsm wheels are Intended to work at the position whero the fixing is situated; and when the fixing is adapted to them, it is then oommonly called a wheel-fixing. 2* f Establishment in life; the act of setting m> in housekeeping, or of furnishing a house. Fias >(flz), n. Anything light and frothy; specif- Fizz ) ically. champagne, from the sound it makes when uncorked. [Eng. Slang.] Flz zle (flz'l), n. [Onomatopoetic; in the first sig- nification probably from the fizzing sound made by a combustible which does not explode instantane- ously like gunpowder, but hangs fire.] 1. A failure; an abortive effort; a flash in the pan. [U. S. Slang.] 2. Champagne. [Colloq. Eng.] Flz zle (fte'l), v. t. To fail of success; to make an abortive effort; to fail; to bungle. [Slang. U. 8.] Fjord (fyord), n. Same as Fiord. Fl. Abbreviation for Florin. Flab ber gast {(flfil/er-g&st), r. t. [Perhaps from Flabergast ) fiabber, connected with flap, meaning to otrike, and root of aghast. Orflabagast, which is also found, may have been the original form=strike aghat-t] To astonish; to strike with wonder; to' confound; as, be was quite flabber- gasted. [Colloq. Eng.] Sir Francis Head. Flab ber gas ta tlon (fl8b'er-g$st-S/'shun), n. The act of flabbergasting or striking with wonder; the state of being flabbergasted or confounded. [Colloq. and humorous Eng.] A... .state of fiabbergastation. Punch. Flab el la ri a (flib'el-ia//ri-a), ». [Lat. fiabel- lum, a fan.] 1* (Paleor\y) A genus of fossil palms with flabel- liform leaves, 4)ut otherwise of uncertain affinities. They occur in secondary and tertiary rocks. 2. (ZoOl.) The fan-coral, a genus of Actinozoa belonging to the order Alcyonaria. Fla bel lusn (fia-bSHum), n. [Lat.] A fan spe- cifically, an ecclesiastical fan formed of feathers, ivory, metal, or other material, anciently used to drive away flies from the chalice during the euchar- ist. Such fans are a mark of distinction in the Church of Rome, and are carried before the pope and certain other dignitaries on state occasions. Flack etf (fl^k'et), n. [From O. Fr. flasquet, a little flask, dim. of fiasque, a flask, A. Sax. flaxe, a flask.] A bottle in the form of a barrel. And Isai toke an asse laden with breade, and a flaoket of wine, and a kydde, and sent them by David his sonne unto Saule. Breeches Bible, 1 Sam. art>i. 20. Fla court 1 a ce «(fla-k0rt/l-a"8e-e),».pJ. [After the French botanist Etienne Flacourt.') (Bot.) A small nat. order of equatorial shrubs or small trees. Flag (flflg), v. t. To make signals, or to signal to, with a flag; as, to flag a train. Flag (fl2g), n. f The wing or pinion of a bird. Flag-bear er (fl2g//bAr'er), n. One who^ears jV flag; a standard bearer. . / Flag e let (fla^'el-St'), n. Same as Flageolety Flag i tate (flfij'i-tflt), v. t. [Lat./Iagito, to demand fiercely or hotly.] To demand with fierceness, hot- ness, or passion; to importune. [R.] Carlyle. Flag 1 ta tlon (flaj-i-ta"shun), n. The act of flag- itating or demanding with flerceuess, violence or passion; extreme importunity. [R.] Carlyle.j Notation : fl, e, I, 0, fl, long; >■ fi, I, 5, fl, short; a, e, i, o, n, obscure; far, fftll, ffrst, cAre j h6r, mOve, or j byll, 0, Fr.; fi, Fr.t ton; Oil this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FLAG-LIEUTENANT Flag-lieu ten ant (flag//lu-tSn'ant or flfig'lef-tSn'- ant), n. (Naut.) The immediate attendant on an admiral, who performs such duties for him as an aide-de-camp performs for a general in the army, communioating his orders to the ships under his command either personally or by signal. [Eng.] Flag-man. (Mg'm&n), n. 1. One who makes sig- nals with flags. 2* i A flag-officer; an admiral. Fla grant (flagrant), a. Glowing; red ; flashed. See Sappho, at her toilet's greasy task. Then issuing flagrant to an evening mask. Pope, Flag-root (flag'rut), n. The root of the Calamus aromaticus, or sweet flag. Flag-share (flag'sh&r), n. (Naut.) The admiral's share (one-eighth) in all captures made by any ves- sels within the limits of his command, even if under the orders of another admiral. [Eng.] • Flag-side (fl&g'sld), n. That side of a split had- dock which Is free from bone. [Scotch.] Flair (fl&r), v. i. Same as Flare. Flaire (flAr), n. Same as Fire-flaire. Flake (flak), v. t. To dapple; to fleck. 4Flakedwith fire.' Longfellow. Flam (flSm), n. (Mil. Mus.) A kind of beat of the drum, in which a light tap is Immediately followed by a heavy one. Flam ant fflam'ant), a. [Fr. flamfyant, flaming, blazing.] (Her.) naming i bun.ing, as, a fire- brand, flambeau, etc. Eiame [Ss££ }'"• '• To .bMle- M meat' [Scotch.] Flambe t (fl&m or fl&m/be), n. [0. I*r.] A flame; a flambeau. Chaucer. Flam boy ant (flam-boi'ant), n. (Bot.) Poinci- ana regia, a tree of Cape Colony, which produoes very beautiful flowers. Flame f (flam), v. t. To inflame; to cause to flame; to excite; to kindle. 'Flamed with zeal of ven- geance.' Spenser. Flame-bearer (flflm//bAr/et), n. 1* One who bears flame or light. 2* (Omith.) The name given to the members of a genus of humming-birds, from their being fur- nished with a tuft of fiery crimson-colored feathers round the neck like a gorget. Flame-eyed (flam'Id),a. Havingeye- ..ke a flame having bright-shining eyes. Flame let (flam'let) n. A little flame. 4 The flame- lets flapped and flickered.' Longfellow. Fla min e ous (fla-mln'G-ns), a. Of or relating to a flamen ; flaminical: written also flammiotts. F^am ma lat ed (flfim^u-iat'ed), a. [Lat.flammu- la, a small flame, from flamma, flame.] Somewhat of the oolor of flame; pervaded with a reddish tinge or coior. Flan (flan),». [Scotch.] 1* A sudden gust of wind from the land ; a flaw. 2. Smoke driven down the chimney by gusts of wind. Flan (fl2n), v. t. (Arch.) To splay or bevel Inter- nally, as a window-jamb. Flan ders-brick (flSn'derz-brlk), n. A soft brick used for cleaning knives. Fla oeur (fl&-n6r), n. [Fr., from fldner, to saunter about.] A lounger ; a gossiper; a loafer; an idle stroller. Flang (flftng). Old English and Scotch pret. of the verb fling. Flung. Flang (flang), n. (Mining.) A two-pointed pick. Flange (flfinj), n.—Port-flange (Ship-buildiiig), a piece of timber fastened over a port to prevent water or dirt from entering the port when It is open. Flange (flfinj), v. i. To be bent into a flange; to take the form of a flange. Flanged (flan jd ),p. a. Having a flange; furnished with a flange or flaDges; as, a flanged wheel. Flange-rail (Mnj'rai), n. A rail furnished with a flange on one side to prevent the wheels of the lo- comotives running off the line. Flange-wheel (fianj'hwSl), n. A wheel, as of a railroad car, having a flange to keep it on the rails. Flank-com pa ny (fl£ngk//k&m/pa-ni), n. (Mil.) The extreme right or left company of a battalion. Flank-de fense (flSngk^de-fgnsO, n. (Mil.) A line of fire parallel, or nearly so, to the front of on- other work or position. Flank-file (flangk'fll), n. (Mil.) One of the first file on the right and the last on the left of a bat- talion, division, etc. Flan nel (flitn'nel), ». Old cant term for hot gin and beer seasoned with nutmeg, sugar, etc. Flan ning (flSn'ing), n. (Arch.) The internal splay or bevel of a window-jamb. Flap (flap), n.—Flap of a window-shutter, a leaf at- tached to a shutter to increase its size when it is not sufficiently broad to exclude the light. Flap doo die (flap^dO'dl), ». Nourishment or food fox fools. . Marryat. * Flapdoodle, they call it, what fools are fed on.' T. Hughes. Flap per (flSp'er), n. 1* One who endeavors to v make another remember. ) ' I writi to you, by way of flapper, to put you in mind Of yourself. Lord Chesterfield. 2* A young wild duck about half grown. _ .Miss Edgeworth. FIapper-»kate(fl«p'er-8kat)1n. (Iohth.) A name given to the Rata intermedia, a species of skate wiiich is common in the Frith of Forth. 328 Flare (flAr), v. i. (Naut.) To incline or hangover from a perpendicular line, as the sides of a ship.— To flare up, to become suddenly angry or excited ; to fly into a passion. Flare (fl4r), v. t. To cause to burn with a flaring flame; hence* to display glaringly; to exhibit in an ostentatious manner. [R.J One mortal....may flare a flambeau, and another twinkle a taper. Sir W. Hamilton. Flare-up (flir'ftp), n. A sudden quarrel or angry argument; as, we had a regular flare-up. [Colloq. J Flash (fl£sh), n.—Allfla&h in the pan, all sound and fury, signifying nothing, like the explosion of a gun which ends with a flash in the lock-pan, the gun it- self hanging fire. Flash-board (fl&sh'bOrd), n. A board set up edge- wise on the top of a mill-dam when the stream is low, so as to raise the water in the pond higher. [U. S.] fW [ash er (flSsh'er), n. 1. One who or that which flashes. 2. f -A- rower. 3* A name of the lesser butcher-bird; the flush- er. Flash i ness (fl&sh'i-nes), n. The state of being flashy; ostentatious gaudiness; tastelessness; vapid- ness; insipidity. Bacon. Flash man (Meh'm&n), n. A rogue, especially one who tries to appear as a gentleman. [Slang.] , H. Kingsley. Flash y (fl&sh'i),a. Quick; impulsive; fiery. 4 A temper always flashy.* Burke. Flat(fl&t ),a.—Flat candlestick,a, bedroom candlestick with a broad flat foot or dish.—Flat oandle, the candle burned in such a candlestick. Dickens. Flat (flat), adv, 1. f Directly; expressly; plainly; absolutely. Sin is flat opposite to the Almighty. O. Herbert. 2. (Stock Exchange.) ,A term applied to stocks in which no allowance is made for accrued interest. Flat (flat), n. A platform car; a railway car without a roof. Flat (flSt), v. t.—To flat in the sail (Naut.), to draw in the aftmost clew of a sail toward the middle of the ship. Flat-aft (flSt'^ft), a. (Naut.) Noting the position of sails v/hen their surfaces are pressed aft against the mast by the force of the wind. Flat-bill (flat'bll), n. (Ornith.) The name of a genus of fly-catching birds (Platyrhynchus), so called fr&m the breadth and flatness of the bill. Flat-cap (fiSt'ldp), ». 1. f A cap with a low flat crown, at one time worn, with modifications, by the men of England of all classes. 111. PI. 8, Fig. 12. 2. A kind of writing paper usually 14 by 17 inches in size, put up unfolded in bundles and reams. It is chiefly used for making blank-books. 3. A name applied to a London shop-keeper. Flat i dse (flat'i-dS), n. pi. '(Entom.) A sub-fam. of hemipterous insects, belonging to the Fulgorid®. These insects yield Chinese wax as a thread-like se- cretion, which is renewed when removed. Flat ling f (flatling), ) adv. [Comp. in respect of Flat lingsf (flaflingz),) the adverbial term -ling, the worddarkling.] With the flat side; flatwise; in a flat position. 4 The blade struck me flattings.' [R.] Sir W. Scott. With her sword she flailing strdoke. Spenser. Flat-orchil (fl8t//or/kil)l n. A liohen, RooeUa fuciformis, used as a dye. Flat fourf | (tot-aTO, n- A flatterer. Chaucer. Flat-race (flat'rfls), n. A race over level or clear • ground, as opposed to a hurdle-race or steeple-chase. Flat-rod (flat'rOa), ». (Mining.) A rod for com- municating motion from the engine horizontally. Flat-stitch t (flat'stlch), n. The process of en- graving in wood. Flat ter-blind (flitt'ter-bllnd), v. 11. To blind with flattery. [R.] Flat ter ess f (flat'ter-es^n. A female who flat- ters. Holland. Flat ting-mill (fiat'ing-mTl), n. A mill for rolling out metals by cylindrical pressure. Flat-worm (flat'w6rm), n. An individual of the section of Entozoa, known as Platyelmla. Flanght (»• [Scotch.] 1* A flight; a flock. 4 Aflaucht o' dows.' Edin. Mag. 2* A flutter, as of a bird ; wave; waft. 3* A flash. 4 A flaught o' fire.1 Blackwood's Mag. Flaucht er ) (flacht'er), v. i. To flutter ; to shine Flaught er) fitfully; to flicketr. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Flaucht er ) (flftcht'Sr), v. t. To pare or cut from Flaught er ) the ground, as turf. [Scotch.], Flaucht er-spade ) (fl&cht'Gr-spad), n. A long Flaught er-spade > two-handed spade for cut- ting turf. [Scotch.] Flaunt (flant or flant), v. t. To display ostenta- tiously ; to display impudently or offensively; as, he flaunted the handkerchief in his face.—To flaunt it— to flaunt, v. i. These courtiers of applause deny themselves things convenient to flaunt it out. Boyle. F1 aunt-a-flaun t( flftnVa-fl&nt or fl^nt'a-fl^nt), adv., Flauntingly displayed. 4 With high-copt hats and feathers flatmt-a-flaunts Oascoigne. Flaunt er (flflnt'er or flanker),». One who flaunts. FLEET3N Flannt ing fflftnt'ihg or flant'lng),) a. Ostsnia- Flaunt y (flant'i or flant'i), ) tious; vul- garly or offensively showy; gaudy. Dust the flaunty carpets of the world. E. B. Browning. Fla ve do (fla-vS'do), w. [Lat. flavus, yellow.}. (Bot.) Yellowness; a disease in plants in which the green parts assume that color. Fla ve ri a (fla-vS'ri-a), n. [Lat. flanms, yellow— the plants being used in Chili to dye yellow.] (Bot.y A genus of herbaceous biennial plants, nat. order Composites, containing several American and Aus- tralian species. Fla vin din (fla'vin-d!n), n. (Chem.) A substance apparently isomeric with indin and indigo-blue, ob- tained by the action of potash on indin. Flaw (fl§), n. 1. f A. sudden commotion of mind. Oh these flaws and starts. Shak* 2. f A shiver ; a fragment. But this heart Shall break into a hundred thousand flaws, Or ere I'll weep. Shak. Flax-bush (fl&ks'byjsh), n. The New Zealand flax- plant (Phormium tenax). Flax ed f (flfiks'ed), a. Soft and compressible like- prepared flax; resembling flax; silky. Her axed hair crown'd with an anadem. Browne. Flax-Ill y (fl5ks"m'i),». The flax-plant. Flax-mill (flaks'mll), n. A mill or factory where flax is spun; a Tni11 for the manufacture of linen goods. Flax-star (flSks/stftr), n. (Bot.) The Lysimachia. linum stellatum, an herbaceous annual indigenous to Italy. Flay flint (fla'flTnt), n. A skinflint; a miser. There lived aflayfiint near; we 'stole his fruit. Tennyson* Flea (flg), v. t. To-clean from fleas. Johnson. Flea-bee tie (flS^be'tl), ». (Entom.) The name. givQn to different species of beetles of the family Halticidae, which are destructive to plants. They are so called from 'their leaping powers, being provided, like fleas, with thickened hind-legs. Flea bitten (flg'Wt'n), o. Applied to a horse whose color consists of small reddish spots or lines upon a lighter ground. Fleat (flet), n. Same as Fief. Fleck (flSk), n. -[Icel. flekkr, D. rlefc, G. fleck; al- lied to flick.'] A spot; a speck; a streak; a stain j a dapple. Life is dashed with JlecJcs of sin, Tennyson* Fleck (flSk), ». A flake; a lock. And flecks of wool stick to their withered lips. Theodore Martin* Fleck er (flSk'A-), )». (Omith.) A name given Flick er (flik'er), ) to the Colaptes auratus, an. Amerioan bird belonging to the woodpecker family. It digs out holes in trees in which to build its nest. Also called clape, golden-winged woodpecker, high- holder, etc. Fleck less (flgk-les), a. Spotless; blameless; stain- less. [R.] My conscienoe will not oount me fleckless. Tennyson. Fleet ed (flSkt'ed), p. a. [Lat. flrcto, to bend.] (Her.) Same as Embowed.—Fleeted and reflected, bowed or bent in a serpentine form like the letter S,. Fledgy (flfij'l), o. Covered with feathers; feath- ered; feathery. Keats. Fledwitef (ASd'wIt),) n. [A. Sax. flyth, flight. Flight wite t (fllt'wlt), ) and nrfte, punishmei t. J (Old Law.) A discharge from penalties,-where a. person, having been a fugitive, came to the peace-- of the king of his own accord, or with license. Flee (AS), n. A fly. [Scotch.} t Fleet (AS), )v.i. To fly. 41 Till I copld ./Zee Fie en t (flS'en), J full high.* 4 To fleen as high a&, doth the eagle.' •! Chancer. Fleec ings (flSe'ingz), n. pi. Gurds separated from, the whey. [Prov.T ^ ^ Ainsworth*. Fleep (flSp), n. [Icel. fleipr, babble, tattle.] Ai*, awkward, stupid fellow; a lout, [Scotch.] Let gowkit fleeps pretend to skunner. Skinner. Fleet (flet), n.—Fleet Books, the books containing- the original entries of marriages solemnized in the Fleet Prisonbetween 1686 and 1754. They are not admissible as evidence to prove a marriage, as not, having been compiled under public authority.— Fleet-dike, Fleet-dyke, a dike for preventing inunda- tion, as along the Thanks of rivers, etc.—Fleet Mar-r riages, clandestine marriages at one time performed without banns or license by needy chaplains in the Fleet Prison, London, suppressed by the marriage, aot in 1754. See Fleet Books.—The Fleet or Fleet Prison, a metropolitan prison, now abolished; so- called from its being situated by the side of tha river Fleet, now covered over. To this prison per- sons were committed by the eoclesiastical courts,, courts of equity, exchequer, and common pleas. Fleet en f (flSt'en- or flat'en). Old pp. of fleet, to* skim the cream off.—Fleeten-face, a person who has- a face of the oolor of whey or skimmed milk; a. whey-face.' You know where you are, you fleetenface. Beau, dt Ft► Fleet en t (flSt'en or flfttfen), n, [A. Sax. flet, fliet, cream, from fledtan, to float.] Skimmed or creamed milk. _ oh, aAain; g, go; j, job ; ng, sin#; jJflT" On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. th, then; th, thin; w, toig; wh, whig; £h, azure; oo, food; ©i, oil; oa, pound, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-FLEG Fleg (flSg), v. t. [A. Sax. fligan, to pnt to flight, a us. of fleoghan, Co flee, or fleogan, to fly.] To af- fright ; to terrify. [Scotch.] Fleg (flSg), v. i. To be afraid; to take fright. [Scotch. J Fleg (flfig), n. [Scotch.] 1. A fright. 2* A random stroke; a blow; a kiok. She's gieu me mony a jirt an' fleg. Burns. Flogm (fl6m), n. Same as Phlegm. Fleg mat Ic (fleg-m&'-'ik), a. Same as Phlegmatic. Fleich ^flSch). v. t. Same as Fleech. Flemef (flam), v. t. [A. Sax. flyman, to banish.] To banish. Chaucer. Fie mens-firth ( flS'menz-ttrth), )n. [A. Flj mans-fyrmth ( fll'mans-farmth ), ) Sax. flyman feormth, flyman fyrmth, the harboring and giving food to a fugitive—fly ma, a fugitive, genit. flyman, and fyrmth feormth, hospitable reception.] 1» The offense of harboring a fugitive, the pen- alty attached to which was one of the rights of (tie crown. 2* An asylum fo? outlaws. Make your towero a flemens-flrth. 8lr W. Scott. Flem erf (flfira'er), n. A banisher. Chaucer. Flem is hi (flvm'isb), a.—Flemish' bond, a mode of laying bricks, being that species of bond which ex- hibits a header and stretcher alternately.—Flemish brick, a species of hard yellow brick used for pav- ing. —Flemish school, the school of painting formed in Flanders by the brothers Van Eyck, at the com- mencement of tho fifteenth century. The chief early masters were. Memling, Weyden, Matsys, Mabus, and Moro. Of those of the second period, Rubens and Vandyck»Snyders, Jordaens, Gaspar de Crayer, and the younger Teniers, take the highest place. Flcrn ish (flgm'ish), n. 1* The language of the Flemings. 2. The people of Flanders. Flcm It (ftgm'it), p. a. Frightened. [Scotch.] Flea t (flto), v. i. To fly; to flee. FI£uu Coal (fle-nO kOl), n. [From the name of th§ locality.] (Min.) A peculiar variety of bitu- minous ooal, occurring abundantly ia the Belgian coal-fields near Mons. It resembles some of the seams at 8wansea. Flesh (flSsh), n. The literal or outward meaning of a Scriptural passage, as opposed to the typical or spiritual sense. 'Ye judge after the flesh.* John viii. 15.—To be in the fleshy (a) to be alive, (b) (Scrip.) To be under the carnal ordinances of the law. Bom. vii. 5.—To be one flesh, to be closely united, as in marriage. Gen. ii. 24.—After the fleshy after the manner of man; in a gross or earthly manner; according to the tendencies or appetites of the human heart. Flesh tflgsh), v. t. (Leather Manufacture.) To remove flesh, fat, and loose membrane from the flesh side of, as skins and hides. Flesh-col or (flgsh^k&l'er), n. The color of flesh; carnation. Flesh-fork (flSsh'fork), n. A cook's fork for try- ing meat and taking it from the boiler. Flesh ing (flgsh'ing), n. [Generally in the plural.] "A covering, as drawers, worn by actors, dancers, etc., resembling the natural skin. Flesh-juice (flSsh'jQa), n. An acid liquid which may be separated by pressing the flesh of animals of the higher orders. Fleah-tint (flesh'tlnt), ft. (Paint.) A color rep- resenting the tint of the human body. Fairholt. Flesh-wound (fl83h'w6nd or -wound), n. A wound which does not reach beyond the flesh; a slight wound. Flossy (flgsh'i), a.—A fleshy leaf (Bota leaf which la thick and juicy, with considerable firmness, S3 in the houseleek, cacti, etc. FleS (flSW, I n. [Connected with G. flechten, to Fleat (fl€t), J plait.] A mat of plaited straw for proteoHng a horse's back from injury by the load; a flaokie. Simmonds. Fletef (flSt or fief e), v. i. To float or swim. Chaucer. Fle&h er (flSGx'er), v. i. [Icel. flathra."] To flatter. [ Scotch. 1 Burns. Wietx (fletz), a. [G. fldtz.] (Oeol.) A term, now obsolete, applied to a system of rocks corre- sponding to the whole series of sedimentary for- xcriions. y (flOr7!), a. (Her.) Applied to an object, aa a cross, adorned with fleurs-de-lis. Flew (flfl), \n. Waste downy matter, abound- Fioagh (fl&fl), > ing in spinneries, lint ma torles, etc. Flew it (flfl'it), n. [Perhaps from Fr. fouet, a lash or whip, fouetter, to lash, with I inserted.] A smart blow, especially on the ear. [Scotch.] A hearty flewiL Burns. FS n. er-tt-jlV'bet), ) 1. The name given to a fiend by Shakspere, after Bishop Harsenet, who cites it as one whom the Jes- uits affected to have cast out when pretending to work miracles, with the view of making converts. Shah. 2* A term sometimes applied to a troublesome, restless, little person. Fllc-flac (lllk'fl&k), n. [Fr.J A repeated noise made by blows. Thackeray. Flich ter (fllch'ter), v. i. [Akin to flicker.'] To flutter; to flicker. [Scotch.] « Bums. Flick (ftlk), n. [Onomatopoetic.] A sharp, sudden stroke, as with a .whip; a flip. Dickens. Flick er (fllk'er), n. 1. The act of flickering or fluttering; a wavering or fluctuating gleam, as of a candle; a flutter. 2. A name given to a bird. See Fucceeb. Fli er (flier), n. 1. The fan-wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill as the wind veers. 2* (Print.) A contrivance for taking off or de- livering the sheets from a printing machine. Writ- ten also Flyer in both senses. Flight er (fllt'er), n. (Brewing and Distilling.) A horizontal vane revolving over the surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the liquor. Flimp (fllmp), v. i. TohuBtle; to rob. H. Kingsley. Film sy (film'zi), n. 1* A thin sort of paper, by means of which several copies of a writing may be made at once ; transfer paper. 2* A bank-note, from its being made of thin pa- per. [Slang. Eng.] Dickens. Fiin der si a (flin-d&r'si-a), n. [After Captain M. Flinders, B. N., who, accompanied by the botanist Robert Brown, explored the coast of Australia in the beginning of the present century.] (Bot.) A ge- nus of Australian lofty timber trees, nat. order Ced- relaoeas, one sf>ecies of which, F. australis, yield3 timber scarcely inferior to mahogany, and employed by the inhabitants for many useful purposes. Fllng-dnstf (fllng'dfist), n. A prostitute; a street- walker. Beau. A Fl. Fling ia'-tree (UTng'in-trS), n. The lower part of a flail which strikes the grain; a flail. [Scotch.] The thresher's weary Jlingin'-tree. Bums. Flixik Ing-comb (fllngk'ing-kGm), n. A dressing- table comb for the hair. Simmonds. Flint (flint), n.—Liquor of flints is a solution of flint or cilica in potash.—To skin a flint, to be excessively Piparicious; to descend to. any shift to gain money. Flint (flint), a. Made or composed of Qint.—Flint age. Same as Stone age. See Stonit.—Flint imple- ments (Archaiol.), the name given by archaeologists to the implements used by man before the use of metals, so called because, although occasionally found of granite, jade, serpentine, jasper, basalt, and other hard stones, those first studied were most- ly formed of-flint. They consist of arrowheads, ax-heads or celts, lance-heads, knives, wedges, etc. Flint implements are still used by some savage tribes. Flin ter® (fltn'terz), n. pi. Flinders. [Vulgar.] Flint-glass (fllnt glas), n. A species of glaes, so called because pulverized flints were originally em- ployed in its manufacture. It is extensively used for domestic purposes. Flint-heart (fllnfhftrt), )a. Havingehard, Fllut-heart ed (flint''h&rt/ed), > unfeeling heart; hard-hearted; crnel. Shak. Flip (flip), n. [A form of flap A A smart blow, *3 with a whip; a fliok. [Oolloq.j Flip (flip), v. t. To fliok. Latham. Flipe (flip), v. t. [Icel. flipa, the pendulous lip of a wound. Akin Eng. flap.] [Scotch.] 1* To pull off, as a stocking, by turning it inside out. 2. To ruffle back, as the skin. Flisk (fllsk), v. i. [Perhaps another form of frisk.] To skip restlessly about; to bounce or caper, as a horse. [Scotch.] Flisk (fllsk), v. t. To render restless; to fret. [Scotch.] Flisk (flfsk), n. A sudden spring or evolution; a caper ; a whim. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Flisk ma hoy (fllsk'ms-hol), ». A giddy, gawky girl; a flirt-gill. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Flisk y (filek'i), a. Fidgety; unsettled; light-head- ed ; whimsical. [Scotch.] Flit (flit), v. t. To cause to flit or remove; to re- move ; to dispossess. [Old English and Scotch.] Flllt© I (flit), n. The act of scolding; a scolding; a Flyte ) quarrel, with angry words; an angry dis- pute; a brnwl. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Flit tern (fllt'em), a. (Tanning.) Applied to the bark of yOung oak-trees, as distinguished from that of old iroes, which is called timber-b^rk, and is less valuable than flittera bark as a tanning agent. Float (flOt), ». (Mining.) A collective term for the loose masses of rock or ore which have become detached from their original bed. Float .(flOt), v. t. To bring prominently before pub- lic notice; to raise funds, as by the sale of shares, for carrying on an undertaking; to set agoing; as, to float a scheme, a mining or railway company, etc. Float ant (flotfant), a. Same as Flotant, Float a tion (flOt/fl-shun), n. Same as Flotation. Float Ing (flOt'ing), ». 1* The act or condition of one who or that whioh floats ; as, (a) (Arch.) the FLORID spreading of stuoco or plastering on the surface walls; the second coat of three-coat work. (&) (Ag- rio.) The watering or overflowing of meadow lands. 2* (Weaving.) A thread of weft which floats, spans, or crosses on tho top of several warped threads.—Floating-breakwater, a contrivance, con- sisting of a series of square frames of timber, connected by mooring-chains or cables, attached to anchors or blocks of marble, in such a man- ner as to form a. basin, within which vessels rid- ing at anchor may be protected from the violence of the waves.—Floating-dough, a barge with scrapers attached, which is driven by the tide or current to rake up the silt and sand over which it passes, so that the sediment may be removed by the current. [Eng.]—Floating-harbor, a harbor formed by float- ing breakwaters.—Floating-island, an island formed in a lake or other inland water, consisting general- ly of a mass of earth held together by interlacing roots. Artificial floating-islands have been formed by placing lake mud on rafts of wicker-work covered with reeds.—Floating-meadow, meadow land, th® surface of which is flat, adjoining a river or other source of water, with which it can be flooded at pleasure.—Floating-pier, a pier which rises and fiillswith the tide.—Floating-screed (Plastering), a strip of plaster arranged and nicely adjusted for guiding the float.—Floating-xoarehouse, a device for diminishing the risk of warehousing explosive or inflammable substances, as petroleum, nitro-glycer- ine, gunpowder. Floe cu lent (flflk'u-lent), a. 1* Flaky; adhering in flocks or flakes ; abounding in flakes. 2. (Ornith.) Applied to the down on the bodies of newly-hatched birds. Floe cu las (flOk'u-lus), ». [Lat., a little floqk of wool.] 1. A lock or flock of any woolly or fibrous mate- rial. 2. A collection of vapor or gas, forming, ac- cording to the nebular theory, the original nebu- lous matter. Floe eus (flOk^us), n. (Ornith.) The down on birds recently hbtched. Flock-mas ter (fi5k//mas/ter), n. An owner or keeper of a flock ; a sheep-farmer. [Eng.] Flock melf KflOk'mSl), adv. .In a flock; in Flock mele f ) flocks or herds. Chaucer. Flog (flttg), v. t. To beat, in the sense of surpass; to excel. [Colloq.] T. Hook.—To flog a dead horse, to try to revive interest in a stale subject. [Col- loq. Eng.] Flood age (fltid'aj), n. Inundation. Floor er (flOr'er), r„ One who or that whioh floors, as a blow which floors a person ; hence (Fig.), any- thing which leads to a person's defeat or which over- masters him, as, in the universities, an examina- tion paper which a student cannot answer. [Slang.] Floor-guide (flOr'gld), n. (Ship-building.) A nar- row flexible piece of timber placed between the floot-riband and the keel. Flooivhol low (flOr'^Ol'lO), n. (Naut.) An'el- liptical mold for the hollow of the floor-timbers and lower futtocks of a vessel. Floor-tim ber (flOr^tlm'ber), n. (Ship-building.) One of the timbers which are placed immediately across the keel, and upon which the bottom of the outship is framed. Floor-walk er (flOr"wak'er), n. An usher; spe- cifically, one whose duty it is to walk the aisle of a large retail store to see that clerks attend to their duty and customers are properly waited upon: called also shop-walker. Flop (fl5p), v. t. [Another form of flap.] To flap or strike the wings; to flap; as, the bird flopped its wings. , Flop (flfip), n. The sound made by a soft outspread or flat body falling suddenly to the ground; as, she fell with a flop. Flop py (fiftp'i), o. Itoose; having a tendency to flop ; flappy; as, a floppy hat. Flo ral (flO'ral), a.—Floral envelope (Bot.), the ca- lyx and corolla, or calyx alone if there is no corolla. Flo r6 al (flO-ra-al), n. [Fr., from JLat. flos, floris, a flower.] In the French republican calendar, the eighth month of the year, dating from September 22, 1792. It commenced April 20 and ended May 19. Flo re at ed (AO "re-fit'ed),) a. Decorated with flo- Flo ri at ed (flO^ri-St'ed), ) ral ornament; hav- ing floral ornaments; as, a fioreated cross. Flor ence (flOr'ens), ».—Florence flask, a globular bottle of thin transparent glass, with a long neck.— Florence oil, a superior kind of olive oil prepared at Florence, and imported in Florence flasks. Flor en tine (fiOr'en-tln or flOr'en-tln), a.—Floren- tine work, a kind of mosaio work, consisting of pre- cious stones and pieces of marble, 60 named because the Florentines were distinguished for this kind of work.— Florentine fresco, a kind of painting, first practiced at Florence during the flourishing period of Italian art, for decorating walls.—Florentine lake, a pigment, formerly used, prepared from cochineal. Flo res cent (flo-rSs'eent), a. Bursting into flow; er; flowering. % ^ ^ Flor et ty (flOr'et-tl), a. (Her.) Same as Fie} Flo ri age (flO'rl-aj), n. [From Lat. flos, floris, a flower.] Bloom ; blossom. Flo ri cult ur IsttfKVri-kMtf'tlr-ist or ASi/i-kMt"- ur-ist), n. One devoted to the cultivation of flowers. Flo? id (flSr'id),a.—Florid style of Gothic architect- ure, a highly enriched and decorated species ot Notahok : ft, 8,1, 0, tl, long; &, 8,1, 5, ft, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, f§llvf^st, cAre; h6r, mOve, or; b^ll* Fr. t fit Fim ton;/ ^ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FLOKIDA-WOOD architecture at the beginning of tho sixteenth cent- ury : often called the Tudor style. Flor I da-wood (flOr'i-da-wyd), n. A hard wood obtained from a scrubby tree, a species of dogwood, growing in Florida. It has close grain and is much used for inlaying work by cabinet-makers. Flo rid e oe (flo-rld'e-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A name giv- en to the rose-spored algae, in consequence of many of them exhibiting the rosy tints of flowers. They are now more generally known as rhodosperms. Flo ri kan (flO'ri-kan}, )n. (Ornith.) The native Flo ri ken (flO'ri-ken), f name of a fine species of bustard (Otis aurifa) much prized by Indian sports- men. Called also F*orican, Florikin. Flor in (flOr'in), n. A modern coin of England, valued at 2s. sterling, or 50 cents. Flo rin e an (flo-rln'e-an), n. One of a sect of Onostics of the second century, ao called from Flo- rinus, a Roman priest, who was excommunicated by Pope Eleutherius in 176. Flo rip a rous (flo-rIp'a-rfi8),a. [Lat. floa, florls, a flower, and pario, to produce. J 1* Producing flowe. s. 2. (Bot.) A term applied to plants In which other flowers are produced instead of fruit. Flo ri pon di o (fl0'ri-pSn"di-0), n. [Spanish name.j (Bot.) A plant the Datura sanguinea, an infusion from whose seeds, prepared by the Peru- vians, induces stupefaction, and, if used largely, fu- rious delirium. Flo ry-boat (flO'ri-bOc), n. (Naut.) A local name for a boat employed in carrying passengers to and from steamers which cannot get alongside of a quay at low water. Flo® cu la ri ee a (flOs'k l-ia'ri-^a), ». pi. (ZoM.) A family of Rotifera furnished with a carapace or sheath, with bundles of long cilia which mostly re- main rigidly extended, vibrating only occasionally. Flosh (flOsh), n. [Probably connected with G. flOsset a trough in which ore is washed.] (Metal.) A hopper-shaped box in which ore is placed for the action of the stamps. Flos my (flfls'si), a. Belonging to, composed of, or resembling floss. Floss-yarn (flds'y&rn), n. Yarn from floss-silk. Flo ta tlon (flo-ta'shun), n.—Stable flotation, a term applied to that position of a floating body in whioh it is not capable of being upset by the exer- tion of a small force, but, when slightly disturbed, Invariably returns to its former position. Flot ©r y f (flSt'er-i), o. Floating; wavy; flowing. __ . , , _ Chaucer. Flough f (fiSgh—gh aspirated guttural). [Pret. of flee% fleen, to fly. ] Flew. Chaucer. Flour (flour),».—Flour-box, a tin box for scattering flour ; a dredging or dredge box.—Flour-dresser, a cylinder for dressing flour, instead of passing it through bolting-cloths. — Flour-mill, a mill for grinding and sifting flour.—Flour-packer, a machine for packing bags or barrels with flour. 'Flour© t (flOr), v. t. To flourish: to flower. Chaucer. Floor tsh a bl© (fl&r'ish-a-bl), a. Blooming; at- tractive. Flout log-stock (flout'ing st«k), n. An objeotof flouting or ridicule: a laughing-stock. Shak. Flow-bog (flO'bog). ) n. A peat bog the surface Flow-moss (fla'mas), J of which ialiable to rise and fall with every increase or diminution of water, from rains or springs. Flow ©r (flou'er), ».—Flower-clock^ a contrivance for measuring time by means of flowers that open and shut at certain hours of the day.—Flower-pot, a pot in which flowering plants or shrubs are grown, generally made of buruM clay, unglazed, tapering a little toward the bottom, which is perforated with one or more holes.—Flower-show, an exhibition of flowers, generally competitive.—Flower-work, imi- tation of flowers; natural or artificial flowers ar- ranged for ornament. Flow er age (flou'er-aj), ». Flowers collectively; state of flowers. Flow er-crowaed (flou'er-kround), a. Crowned with flowers. Flow er Ing (flou'er-ing), n. — Flowering -ash (Bot.), the common name of Omus europcea, nat. order Oleaces, a deciduous tree, a native of South- ern Europe, common in our arboretums. It yields the saccharine substanoe called mauna.—Flowering- rush (Bot.) t the common name of Butomus umbel- latus, nat. order Butomacese, a beautiful plant found in pools and wet ditches of England and Ireland, but rare in Scotland. Flowing (flO'ing,), p. a.—Flowing sheets (Naut.), the position of the sheets, or lower corners of the ^Tincing! sails, when they are loosened to the wind, oyt T (floit), v. i. To play on the flute. Chaucer. Flu can i (flfl'kan), n. 1. (Min.) An earth or Flue can V clay of a slimy, glutinous consistence. *iu Kan ) in color for the most part blue or white, or a mixture of both. 2. (Mining.) A provincial, especially Cornish, name for an interruption or shifting of a lode of ore fcaused by a crogs vein or fissure; a cross-course or transverse vein composed of clay. Fluct u ate (fl0k'tll-at>, v. t. To put into a state of fluctuating or wave-like motion; to cause to fluct- uate. [R.J Flu© (flfl), v. t. To expand or splay, as the jambs of a window. Flu© (flfl), n. A money of account of Morocco of the value of & part of a cent .—Flue-boiler, a steam 330 boiler with flues running through the part that con- tains the water.—Flue-surface, the portion of the surface of a steam-boiler heated by flues, as distin- guished from that part which is heated directly by the furnace. Flu el lite (fltl'el-IIt), ». [Eng. fluor, and Gr. Xt- 0ov, a stone.J A compound of fluoric acid and alu- mina which occurs at Stenna-gwyn in Cornwall in octahedral crystals. It is a fluoride of aluminium. Flue y (fltTi), a. Resembling or containing flue or loose fur or soft down; downy; fluffy. FODGEL FlufT(fluf), n. [Onomatopoetic.] A puff. [Scotch.] —Fluff in the pan, explosion of priming in the lock- pan of a gun, while the gun itself does not go off; hence (Fig.), any ineffectual, short, spasmodic effort which dies in the attempt; a flash in the pan. [Sc.] Fluff (flftf), n. Light down or nap such as rises from beds, cotton, etc., when agitated; flue. Fluff-gib (fl&f'jlb), n. A squib. [Scotch.] Fluid (flfl'id), n.—Fluid of Cotunnius (Anat-X thin gelatinous fluid found in the bony cavity of the labyrinth of the ear, so called from the anatomist who first distinctly described it.—Fluid compass, a compass, the card of which revolves in a bowl of al- cohol on which it floats. Fluke (flflk), n. (Billiards.) An accidental suc- cessful stroke; the advantage gained when, playing for one thing, one gets another; hence, any unex- pected or accidental advantage. [Slang.] Flume (fidm), n. An artificial sluice or channel for washing gold. Flum moxTflihn'moks), ) v. t. 1. [Used in vari- Flum mux (flfim'muks),J ous Enpli*h dialects,] To perplex; to embarrass; to hinder ; to bewilder to defeat. [Slang. Eng.] 2• To give up; to give in; to die. [Slan&. V.e>._ Bartlett. Flump (flfimp), v. i. To pnt down with violence. Thackeray. Flunk (fl&nk), v. i. To fail completely in a college recitation. [Slang. U. 8.] Bartlett. Flunk (flfink), ». A total failure in a college reci- tation ; a backing out. [Slang. U. S.] * Bartlett. Flu o bo rie (fltl'o-bOr'ik), a. — Fluoboric acid (Chem.) (HB02-3HF), an oiiy liquid, like oil of vit- riol, which fumes in the air, boils at a temperature of 100° C., and distills without alteration. Flu o res cence (fltl'o-r6s//6ens),». (Opt.) A name given to the phenomena presented by the invisible chemical rays of the blue end of the solar spectrum when they become luminous by being sent through uranium glass, or solutions of quinine, horse-chest- nut bark, or Datura Stramonium. Flu or old (flfl'or-oid.), n. [Fluor, and Gr. «ISo?, ap- pearance.] (Crystallog.) A crystal contained under twenty-four triangles: so oalled because a frequent form in fluor-spar. Flu or o type (flfl'or-O-tlp), n. (Photog.) A proc- ess in which the salts of fluoric acid are employed for the purpose of producing pictures by the agency of light. Flu o si lie lc (flflwlieel (flut'ter-whSl), n. A water-wheel of moderate size placed at the bottom of a chute: so * called from its rapid motion. [U.S.] Flu vi a les (flfl/vi-ai"Sz), n. pi (Bot.) An order of aquatic monocotyledonous plants, otherwise called Naiadacece. Flu vi co li use (flfl'vi-ko-H"n6), ». pf. [Lat., lit. river-frequenters—fluvius, a river, and colo, to in- habit.] (Ornith.) The water-caps, a sub-family of birds of the family Tyrannide: a synonym of Alec- trurinas. Fly (fll), v. t.—To fly the kite, to obtain money on ac- commodation bills: in allusion to tossing paper about as children do a kite. [Commercial slang. Eng.] Fly (fll), n. (Base-ball.) (a) A ball knocked into the air by the one who is at the bat. (b) The act of catching such a ball by one of the fielders before it reaches the ground. Fly (fll), n. — Fly-board (Print.), the board on which the printed sheets are laid by the flier.-r Fly-boy. the boy in a printing office who lifts the printed sheets off the press: so named because he catches the sheets as they fly from the tympan.— Fly-cap, a kind of cap or head-dress formerly worn by elderly ladies.—Fly-case (Entom.), a ca&e or cov- ering of an insect; specifically, the anterior wings, of beetles, so hardened as to cover the whole upper part of the body, concealing the second pair of wings; elytra.—Fly-catcher (Ornith.). Icteris viridis is the American fly-catcher.—Fly-drill, a drill to which a steady momentum is imparted by means of a fly-wheel with a reciprocating motion like that of the balance-wheel of a watch.—Fly-net, a net to pro- tect against flies, as a net in an open window to pre- vent their entrance ; in the manege, a net or a fringe of leather straps to protect a horse from flies.—Fly- orchis (Bot.), the common name of Ophrys muscif era% from the resemblance of the flowers to flies.—Fly- paper\ a kind of porous paper, generally impreg- nated with arsenic, for destroying flies. The paper thus prepared is simply moistened and spread out in a flat dish, and by sipping this moisture the flies are killed.—Fly-penning, a mode of manuring land by folding cattle or sheep in rotation over different parts of it. [Eng.]—Fly-press, a press for emboss- ing, die-stampiug, punching, and the like, furnished with a fry.^Fly-rail, that part of a table which turns out to support the leaf.—Fly-shuttle, a shuttle, with wheels propelled by a cord and driver.—Hit-time, the time or season for flies.—Fly-water, a solution of arsenic, decoction of quassia bark, or the like, for killing flies .—Fly wort (Bot.), the name given to tJhe species of a genus of orchids, Catasetum, from their resemblance to flies; Fly (fll), a. Knowing; wide-awake; fully conscious of another's intentions or meaning; as, I'm fly. [Slang.] F1 y a gar 1© (fll//8g'a-rik), n. ( Bot.) A species of mushroom (Agaricus muscarius), found in woods of fir and beech, the juice of which is a strong narcotic, and, if taken to excess, poisonous. Fly-blown (fll'blOn), p. a. Tainted with maggots; hence, spoiled; impure. Fly ing (fll'ing), n.—Flying-dragon, a paper kite* [Eng.]—Flying Dutchman, (a) A legendary Dutch, captain who for some heinous offense was con- demned to sail the sea, beatiug against head winds, till the day of judgment. (&) The vessel .commanded by this captain.—Flying-Fox (Zo6l.)v Pteropus rubricollis, a bat found in the islands x>f the Eastern Archipelago, so named from a fancied resemblance of its head to that of a fox.—Flying- gurnard (Ichth.), a genus of fishes (Dactylopterus), of the family Sclerogenidre or Cataphracta, or mailed-cheeks, closely allied to the gurnards, but distinguished by large pectoral fins, which support them for a time out of the water.—Flying-jib(Naut.), a sail extended upon a boom called the flying jib- boom.— Flying-lemur (ZoOl.), the name given to those insectivorous mammals belonging to the genus Galeopithecus.—Flying-level (Engin.), a trial level over the track of a projected road, railway, or canal, to ascertain the fitness of the ground.—Flying- phalanger (Zo6l.), a popular name of the members of a genus of nocturnal marsupials (Petaurus), fam- ily Phalangistid-3, nearly allied to the true phalan- gers.—Flying-sap (Mil.), the rapid excavation of the trenche.-, of a - attack, when each man advances under cover of t *o gabions.—Flying-shot, a shot fired at something in motion, as a bird on the wing; one who fires such a shot.—Flying-squid (ZcGL), the popular name of a genus of cephalopodoua molluscs (Ommastrephes), allied to the calamarie3 or squids.—Flying-stationer, a hawker' of ballads, pamphlets, tracts, etc. [Slang or colloq. Eng.] Flyscli (fllsh), n. (Geol.) A Swiss provincial name for a part of the great nummulitic formation of tho Alps, consisting of iparls afid' fucoidal sandstones, The flysch occupies a middle place in the eocene or older tertiaries. Foal-teeth (fOl'tSth), n. pi. The first teeth of horses, which they shed at a certain age. Foam-cock (fOm'kok), n. (Steam-boilers.) Acock at the level of the water, by which impurities are drawn off. Foam-crest ed (fflm^krSst'ed), a. Crested with foam ; as. the foam-crested billows. Fob (f5b), v. i. [Onomatopoetic.] To breathe hard -y to gasp from violent running; to have the 6ides heaving. [Scotch.] Fo cim e ter (fo-sTm'et-er), n. and Gr. [xerpov, a measure.] (Photog.) An instrument for finding the focus of a lens which has not been prop- erly achromatized. Fo cus (fO'kus), v. t. To bring to a focus"; to adjust to a focus; to focalize. [Recent.] Fod dea>pas sage (fOd^der-pas^j), ) Fod der Ing-pas sage (ftfd^der-ing-p&s'aj), j w* The passage in a cattle-shed or feeding house by which the food is conveyed to the animals. [Eng.l Fod gel (fflj'el),a. Fat; square; plump. [Scotch.J W ch, cAain;- g, go; j. Job; ng,siw; th, thenf th, thin; w, wig• wh, whig; k*h, bzure ; oo,food; oi, oil; ou, pound.' On this page will "be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FCENICULUM 331 FORCED Foe nic u lam ffC-nlk'u-lum), n. {Bot.) Fennel, a genua of umbelliferous herbs containing four spe- cies, natives of the countries around the Mediter- ranean. Foe nus (fS'nus), n. (Entom.) A remarkable genus of hymenopterous insects, belonging to the family Ichneumonid®. Foe ta tion (fe-ta'shun), n. Same as Fetation. Fog t (ffyf)» v. i. [Connections doubtful.] To hunt in a servile manner; to seek gain by mean prac- tices (whence pettifogger). Wer't not for us, thou swad (quoth he), Where would'st thou fog to get a fee ? Dryden. Fog ger f (f n. (Early Eng. and Teu- Folk moot (fOk'mGt), J tonic Hist.) A general convention or muster of a community or tribe for deliberative, judicial, or legislative purposes. 4 Folk- motes of free-men.' Karl Blind. Folk rightt (fOk'rlt), «. (Old Eng. Law.) A word used in the laws of Edward the Elder, declaring the same equal right, law, or justice to be due to per- sons of all decrees; the right of the people as op- posed to that of the privileged classes. Folk-speech (fCk'spSch), ». ''The dialect spoken by the common people of a country or district, as distinguished from the speech of the educated peo- ple or from the literary language. Fol lie u la res (fol-lIk'fl-ia^rSz), n. pi. (Bot.) A section of Proteaceae, characterised by their woody follicles containing one or several seeds. Fol low (fSl'10), v. t.—To follow suit (Card-play- ingr), to play a card of the same suit as that first played; hence, to follow the line of speech, argu- ment or conduct, adopted by a predecessor. Fol low-board (fOl'lO-bOrd), n. (Founding.) A molding-board. Fol low er (f51'10-er), n. 1* A male sweetheart. [Colloq.] 2. (Mach.) That part of a machine t*> which mo- tion is conveyed by another part. 2. (Steam-engines.) The cover of a piston; the cover of a stuffing-box. Fol low ing (fOl'lO-ing), n. 1. Body of followers or retainers. 2, "Vocation; calling; occupation. Sharon Turner. Fol ly (fQl'li), n. Any object planned without its author having the means of bringing It to a success- ful completion, such as a magnificent mansion which exhausts a person's capital, in building, or would ruin him in keeping up in proper style. . , Trench. Fo mes (fO'mez), n. pi. Fom i tes (f&n'i-tSz or fO'mi-tSz). [Lat. touchwood, tinder.] (Med.) Any porous substance capable of absorbing and retain- ing contagion. Fondt (fOnd), v. t. and i. To tempt; to entice or allure as by fondling. 4 And then fondeth the fiend.' Piers Plowman, Fonet(fOn), n. pi. Foes. 'He fought great bat- teils with his salvage/one.' Spenser. Fon ly f (ftin'li), adv. Fondly; tenderly ; foolishly. Spenser. Fon tin a lis (f5n/tin-S//lis), ». [From Lat. /ons, fontis, a fountain—in allusion to the place of growth.] (Bot.) Water-moss, a genus of cryptogam- ic plants, nat. order MuscL Food-vac u ole (fttd^vak'O-Ol), n. A clear space in the endosarc of protozoans. H. A. Nicholson. Foo-foo (fO'fO), n. A negro name for dough made from plantains, the fruit being boiled and thei' pounded in a mortar. Fool ah (fOl'a), n. (Ethn.) One of a race of ne- groes, who are widely diffused throughout West Afri- ca. They are regarded by some as belonging to the Nubian group. Written also Foulah, Fellatah. Fool-fish (fai'fTsh), n. A name applied to the long- finned file-fish, of the genus Monouanthus, from its ridiculous manner of swimming with a wriggling motion, its body being sunk and its mouth just on a level with the water, f U. S.] Fool-hast y f (fOl^hSsfi), a. Overhasty; foolish, ly hasty. Holland. Fool oe ra cy (fOl-Qk'ra-si), ». Rule of fools. The foolocracy under which it has so long labored. Sydney Smith. Fool o»o pher (f61-8s'o-fer), n. A contemptuous corruption of philosopher. Fool's Par a dise (fdlz//pSr/a-dIs), n. Deceptive happiness; vain hopes; unlawful pleasure. Shak. Fool trap (fOl'trSp), n. A trap or snare to catch fools in. Foot (fut), il^-Foot-bank (Fort.), a little raised way along the inside of a parapet.—Foot-barracks, bar- racks for infantry.—Foot-base (Arch.), the mold- ing above the plinth of an apartment.—Foot-com- pany, a company of foot soldiers. Milton.—Foot- cushion, a cushion for the feet.—Footgear, the cov- ering of the feet; shoes or boots.—Footgeld. [Foot, and A. Sax. geld, a fine.] (Old Eng. Law.) A fine for not expeditating dogs, or cutting out the balls of their feet in a royal forest.—Foot-glove^ f a kind of stocking. The buskins and foot-gloves we wore. Defoe. —Foot-hill,a, lower hill lying at the base of a mountain range, as in Piedmont.—Foot-iron, (a) a carriage- step. (b) A fetter for the feet.—Foot-jaw (ZoOl.), a name commonly given to those limbs of crustacea which are so modified as to act as instruments of mastication, but are not so specially modified as the mandibles and maxillae.—Foot-lights, pi. (Theat.), a row of lights placed on the front of the stage and on a level with it to light it up.—To appear before the foot-lights, to appear on the stage.—Foot-note, a note, as of referenoe, comment, etc., at the bottom of a page.—Foot-pace (Eccl.), the platform on which the altar is placed.—Foot-page, an attendant or lackey; an errand-boy.—Foot-passenger, one who passes on foot, as along a bridge, etc.; one who travels on foot.—Foot-path, a narrow pathway for foot-pas- sengers only; a footway.—Foot-poet, a servile or inferior poet. [R.J Dryden.—Foot-pound (Mech.), the term expressing the unit selected in measuring the work done by a mechanical force. A foot-pound represents 1 lb. weight raised through a height of 1 foot. Rodwell.—Foot-secretion (Zo6l.), the term ap- plied by Mr. Dana to the sclerobasic corallum of certain Actinozoa.—Foot-shack els, pi., shackles for the feet.—Footstalk (ZoOl.), (a) aprocess resembling the footstalk in botany, as the muscular process by which certain of the Brachiopoda are attached, the stem which bears the body in barnacles, the stalk which supports the eyes in certain cr.ustaceans. (b) (Mach.) The lower portion of a mill-spindle.—Foot- stall (Arch.), the plinth or base of a pillar.—Footstep, (a) tread ; footfall; sound of the step or setting down of the foot; as, I hear his footstep on the stair, (b) (Mech.) The pillow in which the foot of an upright or vertical shaft works.—Footstick (Print- ing), a wedge-shaped piece placed against the foot of the page in making up a form in a chase. The quoins are driven in between it and the chase.—Foot- wall (Mining), the wall or side of the rack under the mineral vein; commonly called the Underlaying Wall.—Footway (Mining), the ladders by which the miners descend into and ascend from the mine.—To keep the foot (Scrip.), to maintain a proper conduct and decorum. Eccl. v. 1.—To put one's foot in, to spoil completely ; td ruin ; to make a mess ; to get one'3 self into a scrape.—To put one's best foot fore- most, to use all possible despatch ; to adopt all the means at one's command. Foot-and-mouth Disease, n. Eczema epizo- otica, a highly contagious eczematous affection which attacks the feet and mouths of cattle. Foot hot (fyt'hftt), adv. While the scent is still warm ; hence, instantly; immediately; at once. Footing-beam (f^t'ing-bSm), ». (Arch.) The tie-beam of a roof. Foots (futz), n. pi. (Com.) A name for the settlings or sediment as at the bottom of an oil-cask or mo- lasses barrel. Foot-sore (f^t'sOr), a.- "Having the feet rendered sore or tender, as by much walking. The heat of the ground made m& footsore. Defoe. Foot space-rail (fut'spSs-rfil), n. (Shipbuild- ing. ) That rail in the balcony in which the balus- ters rest. Foot-worn (f\jt;wOrn). p. a. 1. Worn by the feet; as, a foot-worn track. 2. Worn or wearied in the feet; foot-sore; as, a foot-worn traveler. Foot y (fgt'i), a. 1* Full of fpots or settlings; as, footy oil, etc. Goodrich. 2• Poor: mean ; worthless; trashy. [Prov. Eng. J Kings\ey. For (for), prefix. In its duplex force as a privative and intensive word for bears a close resemblance to the German prefix ver ; as in verloren, utterly for- lorn ; utterly lost. For a lite (for'al-It), n. [Lat. foro, to bore, and Gr. Aiflos, a stone.J (Geol.) A name applied to a tube-like marking in sandstone and other strata, which appears like the burrow of a worm-like ani- mal. Fo ram i nif e ra (fo-rfon'in-If'e-ra), n. pi. [Lat. foramen, foraminis, a hole, and fero, tobt-ar.](Zo<5i.) An order of Rhizopoda, belonging to the sub-king- dom Protozoa, furnished with a shell or test, sim- ple or complex, usually perforated by pores (foram- ina), whence the name. In reality they are among* the simplest of the protozoa. The body of the ani- mal is composed of granular, gelatinous, highly elastic sarcode, which not only fills the shell, but- passes through the perforations to the exterior, there giving off long thread-like processes, called psendopodia, interlacing each other so as to form a net like a spider's web. Fo ram i nif e ral (fo-r&m'in-Tf'e-ral), o. Fo- raminiferous. Fo ram in ule (fo-r&m'in-tll), n. The ostiolum of certain fungals, or orifice through which their spores are discharged. Fo ray (fo-rS' or fSr'a), v. t. [A form of forage.] To ravage; to pillage. Fo ray (fo-ra' or ftir'a), ». The act of foraging; a predatory excursion; a plundering incursion In a border war. Earl Doorm, Bound on a foray, rolling eyes of prey. Tennyson. Fo ray er (fo-rS'er or fOr'a-er), ». One who takes part in a foray; a marauder. They might not choose the lowland road, For the Merse/oraj/ers were abroad. Sir W. Scott. For bid ding ness(for-bTd'ing-nes), n. The state or quality of being forbidding or repulsive; repul- siveue8s. Richardson. For oat (for-sft), ». [Fr., from forcer, to force.] A French convict condemned to forced labor for life or a term of years; a galley-slave. Force (fOrs), ».—Kinetic force or energy, the force which a body actually moving can exert, at any in- stant of its motion, on another body resisting it, as the force with which an arm actually in motion would strike any opposing object .—Potential force or energy, the energy stored up, as it were, in a body, and which it is capable of exerting, as distinguished from kinetic energy, or that which it exerts at any moment.—Correlation of forces, the doctrine that force or energy can exhibit itself in various definite modes or conditions, each of which is called 'a force,' these 'forces' being mutually convertible into each other under certain conditions or circum- stances.—Conservation of force or energy, the doc- trine that the total amount of force or energy in the universe is always the same, though it may change its condition or mode of exhibition. Nasmyth and Carpenter,—Moral force, the power of acting on the reason in judging and determining.—Physical force, material influence; coercion, as by mere bodily strength.—Mechanical force, the power which pro- duces or tends to produce motion, or an alteration in the direction of motion.—Moving force or motive force, the same as Momentum.—Permanent force, that which acts constantly; thus, the action of a weight suspended from a cord, or reeting on a sur- face, is a permanent force.—Impulsive force, that which is applied suddenly to a body and immediate- ly ceases to act upon it, as the blow of a hammer or percussion.—Animal force, that which results from the muscular power of men, horses, and other ani- mals.—Line of direction of a force, the-straight line in which any force tends to make a body move.— Unit of force, the single force in terms of which the amount of any other force is ascertained, and which is generally some known weight, as a pound.—Equi- librium of forces, the condition produced by any number of forces which, being applied to a body, destroy one another's tendency to communicate mo- tion to it, and thus hold it at rest— External forces, those forces which act upon masses of matter at sensible distances, as gravitation.—Internal forces, those forces which act only on the constituent par- ticles of matter, and at insensible distances, as co- hesion.—Polar forces, those forces which are con- ceived to act with equal intensity in opposite direc- y tions, at the extremities of the axes of molecules, or of masses of matter, as magnetism. ^ Forced (fOrst), p. a. 1. Affected; overstrained; v unnatural; as, a forced style. 2. i Falsely ascribed or attributed. 4 That forced Shak. Notation : 2, 5,1, 0, IX, long; 5, 2,1, 5, fi, short; &, e, i, o, u^obscure; far, ffl.ll, f&st, cAre; hSr, mOve, or; btfll, fi, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton; em- On tMs page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in tlie latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FORCEMENT Force meat t (fOrs'ment), n. The act of forcing; .violent compulsion. ___ And will yoa count such foroement treachery ? - _ J. Webster. Force-piece (f0rs/p3s),~wT*~(Mining.') A piece of timber placed in a level shaft to keep the ground open. . ^ "forcible-feeble (fOrs//i-bl-fS/bl), n. A feeble » personvusually a writer, who wants to appear vig- orous. Disraeli. For done f (for-diin'), a. [Fqr, intens., and done.] Ruined ; utterly undone. Spenser. Fordoon f (for-dGn'), v. t. [For, priv., and O. Eng. doon, to do.] To ruin; to destroy ; to do for. Chaucer. For drunk en t (for-drfink'en), a. [for, intens., and drunken.] Very drunk ; dead drunk. Chaucer. For dry + (for-drl'), ) a. Parched; dried up. For drey f (for-dr2), J Chaucer. For dwined t(for-dwend), a. Wasted away; con- sumed. Chaucer. Fore (fOr), a. — Fore-and-aft sail (Naut.), a sail whose middle position is in a line with the length of the ship, so that it points in this position to stem and stern. Fore (fOr), n. A word used only in the phrase to the fore, alive; remaining still in existence; not lost, worn out, or spent, as money, etc. Forebear (fOr-b&r' or fGr'b&r), ». An ancestor; as, I and my forebears. [Old Eng. and Scotch.] Fore-cabin (fOr^kab'in), n. (Naut.) The cabin in the forepart of a vessel, with accommodation in- ferior to that of the aft-cabin or saloon. Fore cast (fOr'kast), n. An attempt to prognostic- ate or anticipate the future; a prediction or guess concerning the future founded upon inference ;'as, a forecast of the weather. Fore-choir (fOr'kwIr), n. Same as Ante-choir. Fore court (fOr'kOrt), n. Front court. Fore deem f (fOr-dSm'), v. t. [A. Sax. fordeman, to judge or deem unfavorably of. J To form a bad or low opinion of. Webster. Fore deem f (fOr-dSm'), v. I. To deem or know beforehand; to foretell. Which [maid] coald guess and foredeem of things past, present, and to come. Genevan Testament. Fore des ti ny f (fOr-dSs'ti-nl), n. Predestina- tion. 'Grace, election, and foredestinyS Milman. Fore dis pose (fOr'dis-pOz"), v. t. To dispose or bestow beforehand. [R.j King James had by promise fotvdisposed the place on the Bishop of Meath. Fuller. Fore door (fOr'dOr), n. The door in the front of a house: in contradistinction to backdoor. Fore fa thers>-day (fOr'fa-fherz-da), n. The annual commemoration of the day on which the Pil- grim fathers first landed at Plymouth, which was Dec. 21, but owing to an error of a day having been made in changing the date from Old Style to New, the anniversary is celebrated on the 22d. [D. 8.] Fore fight er f (fOr^fit/er), n. A champion. Mackay. Fore gilt (fOr'glft), n. (Law.) A premium paid by a lessee when taking his lease. Fore girth (fOr g^rth), n. A girth or strap for the forepart, as of a horse ; a martingale. Fore gleam (fOr'glSm), n. A premonitory gleam. 1 The> foregleams of wisdom.' Whittier. Wore ham mer (fOr^hSm'mer), ». The sledge or sledge-hammer. [Scotch.] Fore hood (fOr'hyid), n. (Ship-building.) One of the most forward of the outside and inside planks. Fore horse (fOr'hors), n. The foremost horse in in a team. Fore know ing ly (fCr-nO^ing-li), adv. With foreknowledge ; deliberately.' Jer. Taylor. Fore payment (fOr-p&'ment), n. Payment be- forehand ; prepayment. Southey. Fore king (forking), n. A predecessor on the throne. Fierce forekinge. Tennyson. Wore mast-man (fOr'mast-m&n),«. (Naut.) A common sailor; a man before the mast. Macaulay. Fore ness f (fOr nes), n. A promontory, * Adam Smyth. Fore night (fSr'nlt), )n. The part Fore nicht (fOrnlcht—oh guttural), s of the even- ing from dark till bedtime. [Scotch.] Forensic (fO-rSn'sik), n. A forensic contest; a written argument by a student maintaining either the affirmative or negative of a given question. TAmer. Colleges.] F^cre-or di nate (fOr-or'din-at), v. t. To predes- tinate; to fore-ordain. [R.l L?ore-pas sage(f0r"pft8/aj), ». (Naut.) A passage znado in the fore-cabin or inferior part of a vessel: generally equivalent to a steerage passage. For© past } (fOr-past'), a. Past before a certain 7?ar® passed ) time ; former ; as, fore past sins. [R-] Lor© peak (fOr'p€k), n. (Naut.) The part of a vessel in the angle of the bow. Fore-plan: (fOr-plSn') v. t. To devise beforehand. Southey. Fore see (fOr-sS'), v° To exercise foresight; to hav® the faculty of foresight. Core see ing (fOr-s^ing), p. a. Possessing the quality of, or characterized by, foresight; prescient; foresighted. Fore set tie (fOr-sStf1), v. t. To settle, arrange, or determine beforehand. Brougham. 332 Fore shape (fflr'shSp), v. t. To shape or mold be- forehand ; to prepare in advance. Sir II. Taylor. Fore shore (fOr'shOr), ». The part immediately before the shore ; the sloping part of a shore com- prehended between the high and low water-marks. Fore shot (fOr'shOt), n. The first portion of liquid that comes over in the distillation of low wines. It is a milky liquid abounding in fusel-oil. Fore speak (fOr-spSk), v. t. pret .forespoke or fore- spake ; ppr. forespeaking; pp.forespoken. 1* To forec*^ , to foretell or predict. 2, To engage beforehand; to buy a thing before it is fit for or in the market; to bespeak ; as, that calf is forespoken. [Scotch.] For est (fftr'est), v. t. To convert intoaforest; to cover with trees or wood ; to enforest. For est al (fftr est-al), a. Of or relating to forests. Fore-stall (fOr-'st^l), n. The look-out man who walks before the operator and his victim when a garrote robbery is to be committed. For est-fly (f6r'est-fll), n. (Entom.) The popu- lar name of insects of the family Hippoboscidse. For est-glade (ftfr'est-giad), n. A sylvan lawn. Thomson. For est-mar ble (f5r"est-rn&r'bl), n. (Geoi.) An argillaceous laminated shelly limestone, alternating with clays and calcareous sandstones. For est-oak (fOr'est-Ok), n. The commercial term for the timber of trees of the genus Casuarina, be- longing to Australia. Fo ret (fO-r3), n. fTr.] (Chin.) A gimlet or drill used for boring the touch-hole of a piece of ord- nance. Fore-tackle (fOr"^^!), n. (Naut.) The tackle on the foremast of a ship. Fore time (fOr'tlm), n. A time previous to the present or to a time alluded to or implied. Gladstone. Fore top-man (fOr-tBp'm&n or fOr/top-m&n), n. (Naut.) A man stationed in the foretop in readi- ness to set or take in the smaller sails, and to keep the upper rigging in order. Fore-wit tlfOr'wIt), w. 1. One putting himself forward as a leader in matters of taste or literature. 2* Knowledge in time; precaution ; foresight. Southwell. Fore-word (fOr'wfcrd), n. [Suggested by G. vor- wort, preface.] A preface or introduction to a lit- erary work: a word of recent introduction and r ' dom used. Fore-world (f0r;w6rld), n. A previous world; specifically, the world before the flood. Southey. Fore yard (fOr'y&rd), n. The yard or court in front of a house. Fore yard (fo^yfird), n. (iVaui.) The yard on the foremast of a vessel. For feit (for'iit), v. i. To do a misdeed or criminal act; to be guilty of a fault or crime. Chaucer. Jesu Christ that never forfeited. Chaucer. For fer ed (for-f6r'ed), p. a. Greatly afraid. For ft en li d£B (for'fl-kfl'ai-dS), n. pi. (Entom.) A family of insects belonging to the order of Or- thoptera. For fought en (for-focht'n), p. a. [For, intens.. and fought.} Exhausted with fighting or labor; fatigued and breathless. [Old Eng. and Scotch.] Thoy forfoughten sair enough, Yet anco proud to learn. Burns. For gath er (for-gSflfer), v. i. [For, intens., and gather ; comp. O. Fris.t forgathera, to assemble.] [Scotch or prov. Eng.] 1* To meet; to assemble. Mayne. 2. To become intimately acquainted with; to take up with. Burins. Forge (fOrj),v.t.—Toforgeahead, (a) to move slowly and, as it were, laboriously past another object; to draw ahead, as In one ship outsailing another. Dick- ens. (ftj To shoot ahead, as in coming to anchor after the sails are furled. Forge (fOrj), v. t. (Naut.) To force or impel for- ward : usually with off% on, over, etc.; as, to forge a ship over a Bhoai. Forge-man (fOrj'mSn), n. A skilled coachsmith who has a hammerman under him. [Eng.] For get a ble ) (for-ggf a-bl), a. That may be for- For get table) gotten; liable to escape the memory. Carlyle. For getivef (fOrj'et-tv), a. That may forge or produce; inventive. > Sfiak. Forge-wa ter(fOrj//ws/ter), n. (Med.) Water in which a blacksmith has dipped his hot irons—a pop- ular remedy, as a lotion, for aphthae, etc., and also drunk as a chalybeate. It contains sulphate of iron. Forging (fOrj'ing), ». !• The process of ham- mering red-hot iron into any required shape. 2» The act of counterfeiting. <£• The thing forged ; a pi^ce of forged work in metal: a general name for a piece of hammered iron or steel. For go (for-gO')j v. t. Same as Forego. For goon t (for-gOn'), v. t. To forego. Chaucer. For grown f(for-grOn'), p. a. Overgrown, as with vegetation. Chaucer. For lete (for-iaf). v. t. [A Sax. forlcetany to let go.] To give orer; to quit; to omit; to neglect. Chaucer. For lore (for-lOr'), p. a. Forlorn. Form (form), ».—Good form, bad form, first used of horses to denote their general appearance, and af- FOSTHKIGHT terward applied to individuals; thus wnen the stroke of a boat' crew is steady and uniform, they are said to be in good form ; also used as descriptive of deportment, or personal behavior in society; as, it is bacLform to use profane language. Form al ism (form'al-izm), ». Undue or unrea- sonable attachment to form. 'Official formalism.'' j Sir H. Rawlinson. For m^ (for-mS), n,. [Fr.] (Her.) A term applied to a cross having the arms expanding toward the ends and fiat at the outer edges. Called also Pateey Pattee. Formed (formd), a. Arranged or grouped, asstars into a constellation. Form er et (form'er-St"), n. [Fr.] (Arch.) The arch rib, which, in Gothic groining, lies next the wall, and is consequently less than the other ribs which divide the vaulting. Formic (for mik), a. — Formic ethers (Chcm.), ethers obtained by the substitution of alcoholic rad- icles for the replaceable hydrogen of formic acid : thus, ethyl formic ether (C2H5)CH02. For ml cant (for'mik-ant), a. [Lat. formica, an ant.] (Med.) A term applied to the pulse when ex- tremely small, scarcely perceptible, unequal, and communicating a sensation like that of the motion of an ant perceived through a thin texture. For mi ca ri i dae (formi-ka-rf'i-dS),*!. pi. [Lat. formica, an ant, and Gr. ecSos, resemblance.] The ant-birds, a family of birds including the bush- shrikes. For mi ca ry (for'mi-ka-ri), n. A colony of ants; an ant hill. For inic ic (for-mls^k), a. Same as Formic. - For mlc i dae (for-mls'i-dS), n. pi. (Entom.) An extensive family of hymenopterous insects belong- ing to the section Aculeata of Latreille. For mo-meth yt al (for/'mo-n}6th'il-al), ». (Chem.) A very inflammable liquid obtained by dis- tilling a mixture of pyroxylic spirit, sulphuric acid, water, and binoxide of manganese, and saturating the distilled liquid with potash. It is a mixture of methviic formate and methylal. For mu la (for'mu-la), n.—Graphic formula. See under Graphic. For mu lar i za tion (for'mu-12r/i-z3"shun), n. The act of formularfzing or state of being formu- lated; a formulated proposition or statement. C. Kingsley. For miliar ize (for'mu-ler-Tz), v. t. pret, and pp. formularized ; ppr. fot mularizing. To reduce to a formula ; to formulate. Satur. Re». For mu la ry (for/mu-la-ri), a. Closely adhering to formulas ; formal. Carlyle. For nau la tion (for/mu-15//shun), n. The act or process of for mulating, or of reducing to or express- ing in a formula ; state of being formulated. For mu li za tion(for/mu-li-za'/shun),n. The act of formulizing or reducing to a formula. Ruskin. Foment (forrnent'), \prep. [For^ fore^ he- Fore anent (fOr'a-ngnt"), ) fore, in front of, and anent.] Concerning ; opposite to. [Scotch.] For nic i form (for-nls'i-form), a. [Lat. for* ix, fornici3, an arch, a vault, and forma, shape.] ( Bot.) Vaulted pr arched : a term applied to the nectary of some plants. Fornix (for'niks), n. [Ldt.] 1 • (Conch.) The excavated part under the umbo; also, the upper or convex shell in the oyster. 2» (Bot.) A small elongation on the tube or throat of the corolla, as in Anchusa. 3* (Anat.) A triangular lamina of white sub- stance extending into each lateral ventricle of the brain, and terminating in two processes which arch downward to the base of the brain. For old t (for-Old"), a. Very old. Chaucer. For pynedt (for-pInd),j?.a. Pined or wasted away. Chaucer. For ril (fOr'ril), n. Same as Forel. Fors (fors), ». Rough hair on sheep. [Local. Eng.] Fors f l (fOrs), n. Force; consequence. Forse t) Chaucer. For slouthe t (for-sl^th'), v. t. To lose through sloth or idleness. Chaucer. For speak (for-spSk'), v. t. [For, neg. or intens., and speak.] f To forbid ; to speak against. Thou has forspoke my being in these wars; And say* st it is not fit. Shak. For spent (for-sp6nt'), a. Spent; wasted. 1 For- spent with toil as runners.1 Shak. Fors ter ite (fors'ter-It), n. (Min.) A crystallized mineral, which occurs at Vesuvius, accompanied by pleonaste and pyroxene. It contains silica and magnesia. For sworn (for-swOrn'), P• a. !• Rejected or re- nounced upon oath. 2. Perjured. Fort-ad ju tantCfOrt'ad-jfl-tant), n. (Mil.) An of- ficer in a garrison doing duties analogous to those of the adjutant of a regiment. He is responsible for the internal discipline of the men and the appropri- ation of them to the various corps. [Eng.] For teach f (for-te*h'), v, t. To unteach; to teach the contrary of; to c (f5s'wa), n. One of the great roads fir'eess way ) built by the Romans through En- gland : so called from the ditohes on each side. Johnson. Fob sick (ffis'sik), v. i. [Probably from fussy.] 1» To be troublesome. 2. (Qolfrdigging ) To undermine another's dig- ging ; to search for waste gold in relinquished work- ings, washing places, etc.; hence, to search for any object by which to make gain ; as, to fossick for cli- ents. [Australian.] Henry Kingsley. Fossick er (fBs'sik-er), ». One who fossicks. Wob sil (fOs'sil), n.—Fossil-cork, a popular name for asbestus when it assumes a felted cork-like texture. jFospil-cork is so light as to swim in w&ter.—Fossil- Hact, a popular name for asbestus when it appears in loose flax-like fibers.—Fossil-wocd, a popular ziarme for the mineral asbestos when it appears in a form resembling fossilized wood. Fas sil 1 fy (fos-sTFi-fl), v. t. [Eng. fossil, and Lat. facio, to make. J To convert into a fossil; to fossil. Ize. Fos sil I fy (fos-sll i-fT), v. i. To become a fossil. Fos sil 1 ty (fos-siri-ti), n. Quality or state of a fossil. Fos sil o gist (fos-sll'o-jist), n. A fossilist. Jodrell. Fos sil o gy (fos-sll'o-ji), n. Same as Fossilology. Fos sil ol o gy (fle (fr&kt'a-bl), n. A gable coping, when the coping follows the outline of the gable, and is broken into steps, crenelles, ogees, etc. Fract ed (frfikt'ed), p. a. (Her.) Applied to an ordinary having a part displaced.as if broken; as, a chevron fracted. Frac tion al (frSk'shun-al), a.—Fractional cur- rency, the small coins or paper-money of lower value than the monetary unit of a country.—Frac- tional distillation (Chern.), a process of separating into its constituent parts a mixture of fluids which vary considerably from each other in regard to the boiling point. Frac tion a ry (frSk'shun-a-ri), a. Pertaining to a fraction or small portion of a thing; hence, subor-« dinate; unimportant. Fract ur al (frSkt'Qr-al), a. Relating to a fract- ure ; consequent or dependent on a fracture. Frag men ft a ri ness (frflg'ment-a-ri-nes), n. State or quality of being fragmentary ; brokenness; want of continuity. G. Eliot. Fraight f (frit), p. a. Fraught. Spenser. Fraised (frazed), a. (Fort.) Defended by or for- tified with a fraise. Fraknesf (frak'nes), ». pi. [Akin freckle.] Spots: freckles. Chaucer. Fram bee si a (fram-bS^i-a), n. [Fr. framboise, a raspberry.] (Med.) The yaws, a contagious dis- ease prevalent in the Antilles and some parts of Africa, characterized by raspberry-like excres- cences : whence the name. Frame (fram), v. i. To move. [Local. Eng.] Miss E. Bronti. Frame (fr5m), n.—Balloon, frame (Carp.), a kind of frame for a building former of studding fastened^ / to the sills chiefly by nails.—Frame-bridge, a brid„£e constructed of pieces of timftcr framed togethe/on the principle of combining the greatest degree of strength with the smallest expenditure of material. _Frame-house, a houso constructed with a wooden skeleton. [U. S.]— Framesaw, a thin Baw stretched on a frame, without which it would not have sufli- cient rigiditjTfor working.—Frame-timber, one of Notation : a, 6,1, 0, XL, long; S, 5,1, 5, % &ort; , a, e, i, o, u, obscure ; i£r, fall, f$st, eAre; h6r, mO?©, or • &, Fr.; Fr-, ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FRAN CISC A ' the timbers constituting part of the frame of a house or a vessel.—Frame-work, (a) structure ; con- stitution ; adjusted arrangement; system. And all the frame-work of the land. Tennyson. (6) Work dorie in a frame. \ ' Fran els ca (fran-slB'ka),) n. (Archceol.) The an- Fran cisque (fran-sSsk'), > cient Frankish bat- tle-ax, differing chiefly from the more modern kind in the angle at which it was joined with the.handle. Fran eis ce a (fran-sls'se-a), n. [After Francis, Emperor of Austria, a patron of botany.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Scrophulariace®. Fran eised (frfin'slzd),a. Frenchified. [R.] Fuller. franc-tlreur (fr&fi-te-r&r, 6 long), n. [Fr., lit. a free-9hooter.] A species of soldier organized in France in the war of 1870, after the defeat of the regular army, and employed in guerrilla warfare for harassing the enemy, cutting off detachments, .etc. Fran gent (frSn'jent), a. Causing or tending to cause fractures ; breaking. H. Walpale. Fran gi bleness (fran'ji-bl-nes), ». Same as Frangibility, but less used. Fran glpa ni (fr»tn'ji-pft"ni). )». A fashiona- Fran gl pan iii(frfin'ji-pan/'ni), J ble perfume prepared from, or resembling the odor of, the flower of a West Indian tree, Plumiera rubra, or red jas- mine. Frangulin (frSn'gu-lTn), n. (C6H603.) (Chem.) A yellow crystallizable coloring substance obtained from th® bark of the berry-bearing alder [Rhamnua Frangula). Frank (fringk), v. t. (Carp.) To form a joint, as of a window-sash. Frank (frSngk), n.—Frank-ferm (Law), lands or tenements changed in the nature of the fee by feoff- ment, etc., out of knight-service, for certain yearly service.—Frank-fold (Law), liberty to fold sheep, as the right of a landlord to fold sheep upon the land of his tenant; faldage. Fran ke nl a (frang-ke'ni-a), n. (Bot.) Sea-heath, a genus of plants, nat. ordea Frankeniaceee, contain- ing about twelve known species. Fran ke ni a ce ae (frang ve'nl-a"se-€), n. pi. {Bot.) A small nat. order of exogens allied toCar- yophyllacese and Tamariscinete, containing the single genus Frankenia. Frank fort-black (frSngk'fOrt-biak), n. A fine black pigment *.«ed in copper-pJate printing, said to ■be prepared by burning vine branches, grape stones, and the refuse lees of the wins manufacture, etc. Frank heart ed (frSngk'h&rt-ed), a. Having a frank, open disposition. Frank heart ed ness (fr&ngk'hart-ed-ness), ». The state of having a frank heart. Frank ify (frfingk'i-fl), v. t. To give a Frank dress to. Compare Frenchify. Lord Strangford. Frank Un Ic (frangk-lln'ik), a. [From the distin- guished natural philosopher and statesman Benja- min Franklin.] (Eleo.) A term applied to electricity excited by friction; frictional. Franklin Stove (frftngk'lin stOv1), n. A name originally given to a sort of open stove invented by Benjamin Franklin, but various other open stoves are now called by the same name. The distinguish- ing peculiarity of the Franklin stove was the ad- mission of a current of outside air directly to the Are. Frap ling f (frSp'ling), ». Quarreling; strife. -t Holland. Fra ae ra (frS ze-ra), n. [In honor of John Fraser, an American botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Oentianaceee, containing seven species of erect perennial herbs, natives of North America, Fra ter (fra'ter), n. [Lot., brother.] (Eccl.) A monk; a member of a religious establishment. Prof. Blackie.—Frater-house, Fratery. [Lat. frater, a brother—lit. brethren's house or hall.] (Arch.) An apartment in a convent used as &n eating room; a refectory. Fra ter cu la (fra-t6r'ku-la), n. (Ornith.) A genus of web-footed birds, containing the puffins. Fra ter nl ty (fra-tfcr'ni-ti), n. A society of pious laymen organized in the middle ages for charitable purposes, such as relieving the sick and destitute and performing other Christian duties. Frat er y (frSt'er-i or frSyter-i), ». -See Frater- house under Feateb. Frat ri eel II (frSt'-'ri-sSril), )«. pi. [Low Frat rl eel II ans (frSt'ri-sgr'liranz), ) Lat. frat- rioelli, little brothers.] (Eccl.) A sect of Francis- cans established in Italy in 1294. They claimed to be the only true church, and denounqed the pope, whose authority they threw off, as an apostate. They made all perfection consist in poverty, forbade oaths, and disccgintenanced marriage. Called also . Fratlcelli. Fraud (frad), n. A. cheat; a dissembler ; a tricky or deceitful person. [Colloq.]—Constructive fraud (Law) Is such fraud as is involved in an act or con- tract which, though not originating in any actual evil or fraudulent design, yet has a tendency to de- ceive or mislead other persons, or to violate public or private confidence, or to impair or injure the public interests. Fraud ll lent (frad'tl-lent), a.—Fraudulent bank- ruptcy (Scots Law), the willful cheating of creditors by an insolvent person; a bankruptcy in which the Insolvent is accessory to the diminution, by aliena- tion, abstraction or concealment of the funds divisi- ble among his creditors, with a fraudulent intent, and 334 with the knowledge that the legal rights of the cred- itors are thereby infringed. Fraun ho fer's Lines (froun'ho-ferz llnz), n.pl. (Spectroscopy.) The dark lines observed crossing a very clear solar spectrum at right angles to its length, first discovered, by Wollaston, but named after Fraunhofer, a Bavarian optician, who first thoroughly investigated them. They are caused by the absorption of portions of the rays emitted from the incandescent body of the sun in their passage through the gases and vapors, as those of iron, sodium, magnesium, etc., which by these lines are shown to exist in the luminous envelope of the sun, aud to a much less extent in their passage through the aqueous vapor and permanent gases of the earth's atmosphere. The discovery of these lines led to the invention and use of the spectroscope, to the science of spectroscopy, and to all our present knowledge of solar and stellar chemistry. Frax In ) (fr&ks'hi), n. (Chem.) A substance con- Frax ine ) tained in the bark of the common ash- tree (Fraxinus excelsior), decoctions of which have the property of fluorescence. See Fluorescence. Frax I nel la (fraks/in-Sr'la), n. (Bot.) A species of dittany, the Dictamnus Fraxinella, an ornament- al herbaceous annual plant. Fray f (frfl), v. t. To defray. Massinger. Fray (fra), v. i. 1. To rub. *'Gainst the oak his antlers frayedS Sir W. Scott. 2. To ravel; to become worn as by friction. Fraynef (frln or frSn), v. t. or i. To supplioate; to beseech. Chaucer. Freak Ing (frGk'ing), a. Eccentric ; fantastic. Freek (frSk), v. t. [Compare freckle, freak.} To dapple ; to diversify ; to fleck; to checker. [E. and poet.] The pointed windows/recfcfnff gloom with glow. Lowell* free (frS), a. 1. (Bot.) A term applied to parts which are not united together; as, a free ovary, that is, one not united to the calyx. 2. (Chem.) Not chemically combined with any other body ; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas.—To sail free, to go free, or to have a free wind (Naut.), to sail somewhat further from the wind than when close-hauled.—To make free with, 1 to Intermeddle with ; to use liberties with; to help one's self to.—Free and easy, unconstrained; regard- less of conventionalities. Free (frS), adv. Freely, with freedom. Shak. Free (frS), ».—Free-and-easy, a sort of club held in many public-houses of the larger towns, in which the members meet to drink, smoke, sing, etc.—Free- board (Naut.), the part of a ship's side between the gunwale and the line of flotation.—Free-charge (Elec.), in electrical experiments with the Leyden jar or battery, a term applied to that part of the in- duced electricity which passes through the air to surrounding conductors.—Free labor, labor per- formed by free persons in contradistinction to that of slaves.—Free-lance, a member of one of those companies of knights and men-at-arms who wan- dered from place to place, after the crusades, selling their services to the highest bidder.—Free love, the right to consort with those we have conceived a passion for, regardless of the shackles of matrimony. —Free-lover, one who advocates the doctrines and practices of free love.— Freeman, Freeman^s roll, an official list of persons entitled to vote in the election of members of parliament for English bor- oughs.—Free-pa-is, an order or permission to pass free, as by railway, etc.—Free-publichouse, a public- house not belonging to a brewer, the landlord of which has therefore liberty to brew his own beer, ■ or purchase where he chooses. [Eng.]—Free- school, (a) a school supported by funds, etc., in which pupils are taught without paying for tuition. (6) A school open to admit pupils without re- striction.—Free-service (Feudal System), such ser- vices as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or freeman to perform, as to serve under his lord in the wars, to pay a sum of money, or the like.—Free-shooter, same as Franc-tireur.—Free- aoiler, in the United States, one who advocated the non-extension of slavery.—Free-soilism, the prin- ciples of free-soilers.—Free-spirits (Eccl.), a sect of heretics which originated in Alsace in the thirteenth century, and quickly became disseminated over Italy, France, and Germany. They claimed ' free- dom of spirit,' and based their claims on Rom. viii. 2-14. Thence they deduced that they could not sin, and lived in open lewdness, going from place to place accompanied by women under the name of sisters.'—Free Templar, a member of an organi- zation or society, combining the principles of tee- totalism with certain mystic rites allied to those of freemasonry, which branched of? from the Good Templars on the point of the independence of each individual or local lodge, the Free Templars main- taining this independence, while the Good Templars subordinate themselves to a grand lodge.—Free- % templariem, the principles, rites, etc., of the society or organization of Free Templars.—Free-trade, trade or commerce free from restrictions, and in particular unincumbered by customs duties designed to binder the introduction iit. foreign commodities; the admission of goods into a country free of duty, whether reciprocal or hot.—Free-trader, an advocate of free-trade: one who opposes the imposition of customs duties levied with the view of prohibiting or restricting the introduction of foreign goods. FEETT Free dom-fine (frS'd urn-fin), n. A sum o- money paid on entry to incorporations of trades. [Eng.] Freed-stool f (frSd'stO 1), n. Same as Fred-stole. Free hand (frg'hand), a. A term applied to draw- ing, in which the hand is not assisted by any guiding or measuring instruments, such as compasses, rul- ers, scales, etc. Free-lover (fr6/ltiv'"er), n. One who believes, ad- vocates, or practices free-love. Free ma son tc (frS-ma-e6n'ik), a. Otor pertain- ing to, or resembling freemasonry. 'Thatmysteri- ous undefinable freemasonic signal, which passes between women, by which each knows that the oth- er hates her.' Thackeray. Free-soil (frg'soil), a. A term applied to a party or the principles of a party in the United 8tates who advocated the non-extension of slavery^ as, the free-soil platform ; the free-soil party. * Free thought (fr6'th§t), a. Of or belonging to free-thinking. Saturday Rev. Free-trade (frS'trSd), a. Of or pertaining to un- restricted commerce. Free-will-Bap tists (freVH-bflp'tists), n. pi. (Eccl. Hist.) A religious sect which separated itself from the Calvinistic Baptists in 1780 under the lead- ership of Benjamin Randall. They adopted the Arminian doctrines of the human will and Divine grace. Freeze (fr6z), n. The act of freezing; fr6st; as, there was a strong freeze last night. [Colloq.] Freez er (frgz'er), n. 1. One who or that which freezes; especially, a person, subject, or the like, that conveys a chilling sensation or throws a cold- ness over a company. The books looked, in their cold, hard, slippery uni- forms, as if they had but one idea among them, and that was a freezer. Dickens. 2. A vessel or refrigerator used in making ice- cream. Frelght»car (frSfkar), n. A railway-car used for the transportation of merchandise; called in En- gland a goods-wagon. [U. S.] Freiglit-en gine (frat^gn'jln), n. A very power- ful locomotive engine u?ed for hauling freight-cars : called in Englanfl a gootls-engine. [U. S.] Freis le ben (frls'le-b'm), ». (Min.) A mineral of a blue or bluish-gyay color, brittle, and soft to the touch. Freit (frSt),) n. [Icel frett, a rumoY—in the pi. Fret (fr€t), J oracles, prophecies, or responses of the dead.] 1. A superstitious notion or belieif-with respect to any action or evert as a good or a bad omen. * Freits follow them 'at/ret'^ follow.' Scotch proverb. 2. A superstitious observance or practice. [Scotch in both senses.] Freit ty«( fr6t i), Jo. Superstitious; of or belong- Fretty (frgt'i), ) ing to superstitions. [Scotch] Fre le tee t (fra'le-te'Oi w. Frailty. Chaucer. Fremde (frfirnd), )a. [A. Sax. fremed, fremd, Fremed (fram ed), J foreign, strange ; fremth, a stranger ; Qoih. framathis.] Strange ; foreign ; not - related ; acting like a stranger ; keeping at a dis- tance. Written also Frem, Fremmit, Fremyt, Fremd. [Old Eng. and Scotch.]—The. fremd^ strangers; the strange world ; as, to go into the fremd, to go among strangers: said of any one leaving the family in which one was brought up and going into the ser- vice of strangers. [Scotch.] Fre mes cence (fre-mSs'ens), n. [From an in- cept. (fremesco) formed from Lat. fremo, to emit & roaring sound. J Noise suggestive of tumult, darlyle. Fre mes eent (fre-mSs'ent), a. Very noisy and tumultuous ; riotous ; raging. Carlyle. French (fr6nch), n. — French-fake (Naut.), the name given to a peculiar mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends so that it may run readily and freely, generally adopted in rocket-lines intended to communicate with stranded vessels, etc., or in cases where great expedition is essential.—French-grass, sainfniii.— French-plum, a variety of the Prunus domestical a fine table plum, and much used preserved.—French- tub, a mixture of the protochloride of tin and log- wood,used by dyers.—French-willow, a British plant, Epilobium angustifolium, having a stem and leaves somewhat resembling those of some kinds of willow. Fre net fe al ly (fre-ngfik-al-li), adv. " In a fre- netic or frenzied manner ; frantically. . Carlyle. Frere t (fr&r), n. A friar. , « ' Chaucer. Fres eo (frgs'ko), v. t. (Paint.)' To point or dec- orate with frescos, as walls. Fresh-shot(frSsh'shot), n. [A form of freshet.} The discharging of any great river into the sea, by which fresh water is often to be found on the surface a good way from the mouth of the river. Fresh-wa tered (fr?.sh"wa'terd), a. Supplied with fresh water ; newly watered. Fre si son (fre-sl'son), n. [A mnemonic word.) ( Logic.) A mode in the fourth figure of syllogisms. Fret (frgt), it. 1. fA kind of hair-net or head- dress, made of gold or silver wire interlaced, worn by ladies in the middle ages, for confining their hair. 2, Chafing, as'in the folds of the skin of fat chil- dren. Frete f (trSt or frSt'e), v. t. To eat: to devour. Chaucefr. Frett (fr6t), n. A vitreous compound used.by pot-. • ters in glazing.' It consists of lime, silica* borax, lead, and soda. ^ ch, efcain; g, t»o; j, job; ng, Blng* fb, then; th, ffcinw, wig; wh? whig; zh, asure ; oo, food j oi» oil; ou, pound. em* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained ir, the latest editions of Webster's £,nd Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FREYA Freya (frl'a), )n. A Scandinavian goddess. See Frey Ja (frl'ja), ) Friga. Freyn f (fran), v. t. To question ; to ask. Chaucer. Fri ar (frl'er), n.—Friar-tfird (Ornith.), a name I jjivqn to>tlie Tropidorhynchua corniculatus, an Aus- tralian'bird belonging to the family Meliphagidte, from the bareness of its head and neck. Called also Leather-head. — Friar's-chickens, Fried-chickens, chicken broth with eggs dropped in it, or eggs beat up and mixed with it. [Scotch.]—Friar's crown, Friar's-thistle, a plant, the woolly-headed thistle (Carduus eriophorus).—Friar-skate, a name of the sharp-nosed ray (Raia lintea). Fric ail del (frlk'an-del), ». [Older form of Fr. fricandeau. J A dish prepared of veal, eggs, spices, etc. Frlc a tive (frlk'a-tlv), n. (Pron.) See the adjec- tive. Fric a tive (frlk'a-tlv), a. A term applied to cer- tain letters produced by the friction of the breath issuing through a narrow openiug okthe organs of articulation, as/, t>, «, z, etc. Frlc a trice f (frlk'a-trls),ft. [Lat. frictrix, from frico, frictum, to rub.] A harlot. B.Jonson. Fric ti o-mag netic (frik'shi-o-mag-nSt'ik), a. (Elec.) That may be rendered magnetic by friction. Fric tion ( frlk'shun ), n. — Friction-balls, balls placed under a heavy object to reduce the friction, while that object is moving horizontally. Some forms of swing-bridges have such balls placed under them.— Friction-coupling (Mach.), a form of coup- ling in which two shafts are connected by friction, as in the friction-clutch and friction-cone?.—Fric- tion-hammer, a hammer lifted by the friction of re- volving rollers.—Friction-tube {Mil.), atube used in firing cannon, sufficient heat being generated in it . by friction to .ignite friction-powder. Friend (fr6nd), n.—Society of Friends, the name assumed by the society of dissenters oonimonly called Quakers, which took its rise in England about the middle of the seventeenth century through the preaching of Qeorge Fox. Frlese f (frSz), v. i. To pant; to puff ; to breathe heavily. Chaucer. Frieze (frSz), n. The language of Friesland ; Fris- ian. ^ Old rhyme. Frieze (frSz), n.—Frieze-panel, one of the upper panels of a door of six panels.—Frieze-rail, the rail next the top rail of a door of six panels. Friez ing-ma chine (frez"ing-ma-shCn/), ». A machine for friezing cloth. Frigg (frig), )n. (Scand. Myth.) The wife of Frig a (frlg'a), > Odin, a goddess correspond- Frig ga (frTg'ga), ) ing in some respects to the Aphrodite of the Greeks and Venus of the Romans. Called also Freya. Fright raent (frltfment), n. The state of being terrified or frightened ; terror ; alurm; fear. All these frightments are bat idle dreams. J. Webster. Frill-lizard (frll"llz'erd). > n. (Z06I.) The Frilled-liz ard(frlld//llz'erd), > popular name of Australian lizards of the genus Chlamydo«aurus. Frimaire (f rC-mar), n. [Fr., from frimas, hoar- frost.] The third month in the calendar of the first French Republic, commencing November 21, and K ending December 20. Fringe (frlnj),n. 1. (Opt.) T>ne of the colored bands of light in the phenomena of diffraction. 2* (Bot.) A simple or double row of separate or connected teeth, bordering the orifice of the cap- sule in almost all the genera of mosses. Fringed (frlnjdl, p. a—Fringed leaf (Bot.), a leaf margined with soft parallel hairs. Frin gent (frln'jent), a. Fringing; surrounding or encircling like a fringe. ' The fringent air/ Emerson. Fringe-tree (frlnj tre), n. (B >t.) Chionanthus virginica\ a small tree belonging to the same natu- ral family with the olive, having snow-white flowers, which hang down like a fringe. Frin gil li dee (frin-jll'li-de),*. pi. (Ornith.) The finches, a large family of small seed-eating birds, inhabiting all part* of the globe, and belonging to r the order Conirostres. Frin gil li nae (frIn'jil-lT"nS), n. pi. (Ornith.) A ; sub-family of the Fringillidre (which see). Frfng ing-reef (frinj'ing-rgf.), n. A class of cor&l reefs known also as Shore-reefs. Fris iaii (friz'yan or frlz'i-an), n. 1.' An inhabit- ant or native of Friesland. > 2. The language of Friesland; Friese. Fris ian (frlz'yan'or frlz'i-an}, a. Of or relating. - to Friesland or its inhabitants ; Friesic. Flit (frit), v. t. To fritter : used with away. [R.] »■ Lord Lytton. Frith gild (frlth'glld), n. [A. Sax. frith, peace, andyikt, a guild.] A term applied in Anglo-Saxon and early English time^ to a guild or fraternity;* also a guildhall. Frit il la ry (frlt'il-la-ri), n. (Entom.) The pop- > ular name of several species of butterflies. Fjrizz (friz), v. t. To rub, as chamois and wash leather, with pumice stone or a blunt knife, in or- der to soften their surface and give them a uniform thickness. Friz zle (frlz£l), n. A curl: a lock of hgir crisped. , . ' . Milton. Frog (fi-fig), vf t. pret and pp. frogged; ppr. frog- ging*. To Ornament or fasten with a frog. Frog (frSg), n. ( Railways.)%^ee Cboss-fbog—Frog- ■ cheese, a name applied occasionally to the larger 335 puff-balls when young.—Frog-eater, one who eats frogs : a term of contempt for a Frenchman.—Frog- grass, a plant.—Frog-orchis (Bot.), an orchid, the Habenaria viridis.—Frog-shell (Conch.), the name applied to various species of shells of the genus Ra- nella.—Frog-spit, Frog-spittle, the frothy liquid in- closing the larvaB of the Aphrophora spumaria, or frog-hopper. Frog er y (frQg'er-i), n. A place abounding in frogs. Quart. Rev. Frog ging (frSg'iug), n. A sort of braid on a coat. Frol iclt y (fr5rik-y), a. Merry ; frolicking. Yet may we, at a pinch* make a goo&fi'olicky half-day with them. Richardson. Frondeur (fron-d6r, 6 long.), w. [Fr., a slinger, from fronde, a sling.] 1* (Hist.) A member of the Fronde, so named | from a witty member having stated in the French Parliament, in sarcastic reference to the fear in which its members held the minister, Mazarin, that they were like the boys who blung stones at each other in the streets of Paris when the policeman was absent, but who dispersed on his appearance. 2. Generally, an opponent of the party in pow- er ; a member of the opposition. 0 Fron dip a rous (fron-dip a-rfis), a. [Lat. frons, frondis, a leaf, and pario, to bring forth.] (Bot.) Noting a plant affected by the monstrosity of pro- ducing leaves instead of fruit. Frond let (frtfnd'let), n. [Dim. of frond.] A little frond. Front (frfint), n. A dickey for a shirt.—To come to the front, to take a high rank in one's profession, in society, e*c. Front al (frOnt'al), n. (Eccl.) An ornamental hang- ing in front of an altar ; an antependium. Fron tig nac (fr5n'tin-yak") n. Same as Fron- tiniac. Front less ly (frtinfles-li), adv. In a frontless manner; with shameless effrontery; shamelessly; impudently. Chapman. Frost ed (frSst'ed), p. a. Covered with a com- position like white frost.—Frosted glass, glass roughened on the surface, so ae to destroy its trans- parency, in consequence of which the surface has somewhat the appearance of hoar-frost.—Frosted work (Arch.), a kind of ornamental work, hav- ing ran appearance like that of hoar-frost upon plants. Frost-lamp ffrQst'lSmp), n/ An oil-lamp placed beneath the oil-tube of an Argand-lamp on cold nights to keep the oil fluid. Frost ling (frOst'ling), n. Any leaf, fruit, or flower, injured by frost. Mackay. Frown ful (froun'fiiI),a. Wrinkled In displeasure, as the brow; frowning. [R.] N Langhorne. Fruc ti dor (frQk-ti-dOr j, n. [Fr., from Lat. fruc- tus, fruit, and Gr. Swpov, a gift/] The twelfth month of the calendar of the first French Republic (dating from September 22.1792), beginning August 18, and ending September 16. Fruc tip a rous (fruk-tlp'a-rus), a. [Lat. fruc- tus, fruit, and pario, to produce.] (Bot.) A term applied to a plant affected by the monstrosity of producing several fruits instead of the one it nor- mally bears. Fruc tist (fruk'tist), n. One who classifies plants by their fruit. Rees1 Cyc. Fru giv o ra (frft-jlv'o-ra), n. pi. (ZoOl.) That section of the bat family (Cheiroptera) which sub- sists on fruits, and which is only represented by the fox-bats. Fruit (frOt), n.—Fruit-crow (Ornith.), a South American bird of the. sub-family Gymnoderin®.— Fruit-culture, the systematic cultivation, propaga- tion, or rearing of fruit or fruit-trees.—Fruit-gath- erer, (a) one who gathers fruit, (b) A sort of long- handled scissors, provided with a spring to keep them open, used for gathering fruit situated be- yond the reach of the arm.—Fruit-knife, a knife, generally with a silver or plated blade, for paring and cutting fruit, as apples, oranges, etc.—Fruit- pigeon (Omiih.), the name given to the pigeons of the genus Carpophagus, birds ot very brilliant plumage.—Fruit-show, an exhibition of fruit, gen- erally competitive. — Fi~uit-stain, a mark left on clothes, etc., by the juice of fruit.—Fruit-stall, a stand in the market or in the street where fruit is sold.—Fruit-sugar, fructose.—Aggregated fruits, those which are formed of several series of simple ovaries.—Collective fruits, such as have the floral envelopes or bracteas enlarged and thickened.— Compound fruits, such as consist of several ovaries. Fruits, scientifically speaking, are either simple or multiple, that is, the produce of one flower or of several flowers united together.—Spurious fruit (Bot.), any kind of inflorescence which grows up Vith the fruit and forms one body with it, as a pine- cone. Fruit-bear ing (frOfb&r'ing),**. Producing fruit; having the quality of bearing friiit. Fruit er (frOt'er), n. A vessel employed in carry- ing fruit. Fruiting (frOt'ing), a. Pertaining to or yielding fruit. Fru mi ty (fr6'mi-ti), n. Same as Frumeiitfr. Frust ule (frust fll), n. [Lat. frustulum (dim. of frustum), a small piece.] \Bot.) A name given to each of the cells into which the Diatomacere, an or- der of sea-weeds, divide. Frust u lent (frust'fi-lent), a. Frnstulose. FULL Frost u lose (friist'fl-lOs), a. [Lat. frustum, & fragment.] (.Bo*.) Consisting of small fragments or frustums. Frut age f (frat'aj), n. 1. A painted or sculptured representation of fruit; a fruit-piece. The cornices consist of frutages. and festoons. Evelyn. 2* A sweetmeat made of fruit. Fru tes cence (frtt-tgs'ens), n. Shrubbiness. [R.] Fru tes cent (frO-tCs'ent), a. A term applied to plants or any part of them which, from being herba- ceous, are becoming shrubby: used in distinction ttomfruticose, shrubby. ' Afrutescent stem.' Martyn. Frut es tere (frOt'es-t&r"), ». A female who sells fruit. Chaucer. Fub f (fiib), v. t. [Same word as Fob, to cheat.] To- shift; to put off ; to delay; to fob ; to cheat. I have been fubbed off ani. fubbed off. Shak. Fu b be ry f (f ub'ber-i), n. Deceit; act of cheating; deception. Fu ca ce as (fu-ka'se-6), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of dark-colored algfe, consisting of olive-colored in- articulate sea-weeds, distinguished from other algie by their organs of reproduction. Fuchs (f6ks), ». [G., a fox.] In German univer- sities, a student of the first year ; a freshman. Fuch sine (fyks'In or ftt'sin), n. [From resem- bling the fuchsia in color.] (Chem.) A beautiful aniline color; magenta. Fu cous (ftt'eus^a. Of or relating to the Fuci ; re- sembling sea-weed; fucoid. Fud (fGd), n. [From fud, a hare's or rabbit's tail.] Woolen waste ; the refuse of the new wool taken out in the scribbling process, which is mixed with the mungo for ttse. Fudge (fuj), r. i. To contrive; to plan; to cast about; to make shift. [Colloq.] London Spectator. Fu el-feed er (ffl' el-fed'er), n. A contrivance for supplying a furnace with fuel in graduated quanti- ties. Fuff(fQf), v. t. To puff; to whiff. [Scotch.] Burns. FuflF(fuf), n. A puff; a whiff. [Local. Eng.] Fu gal (ffl'gal), a. (Mus.) Like a fugue; contain- ing answers to or imitations of a given subject or theme. Fu ga to (f6-ga'to), ft. (iVus.) A composition con- taining fugal imitation, but not in strict fugue form. Fu gie (fu'ji), n. [Lat.fugio, I flee.] A fugitive; a coward. [Scotch.] Fu gie-war rant (ffl 'ji-wOr'ant), w. (Scots Law.) A warrant granted to apprehend a debtor, against whom it is sworn that he intends to flee in order to avoid payment. Fu gile (fa jil), ft. (Med.) (a) The cerumen of the ear. (b) A nebulous suspension in, or a deposition from, the urine, (c) An abscess; specifically, an, abscess near the ear. Fu gi ta tion (fa'ji-tS'/shun),ft. (Scots Law.) The- act of a criminal absconding from justice. Fu gle (fa'gl), v. i. To act as guide or director; to maneuver. [Colloq.] Fulcrum Forceps (ful'krum for'seps), n. An. instrument used by dentists. Ful fill I (ful-fll'), v. t. 1. t To fill to the ful!; to Ful til ) fill entirely ; to replenish. Humbly beseeching Thee, that all we, who are par- takers of this Holy Communion, may be fulfilled with thy grace and heavenly benediction. Boole of Common Prayer (English ).. 2. To complete, as an agreed on period of ser- vice, or a term of life; as, to fulfill a hundred years. Dry den. Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled. Gen. xxix. SI. Ful go ra (fiil'go-ra), w. [Lat.] (.Enfom.) The lantern-fly genus, a genus of homopterous insects, allied to the Cicadidse, but formed into a family by themselves the Fulgorid®. Ful gor i dae (ful-g5r'i-dg), > n. pi. (Entom.) A. Ful go ri na (ful'go-rr'na), ) family of homop- . terous insects, of which the lantern-fly is the type. See Fulgora. Ful gu rat ing (fQl'gu-rat-ing), a. (Med.) A term applied to the violent shooting or darting pains fre- • quently experienced in the disease called locomotor ataxy. Ful gu rous (f&l'gu-riis), a. Flashing like light- ning. Carlyle. Fuligullnce (fu-llg'fl-ir'ng), n. pi. (Ornith.) The seswJucks, a sub-family of the Anatid®. Full (fui), v. i. ^o bocome full; to become entirely illuminated ; said of the moon. Full (f«l), a.—Full-blooded, (a) having a full supply of blood. (&) Of pure blood or extraction ; thorbugh- bred ; as, a full-blooded horse.—Full-bloomed, hav- ing perfect bloom ;#like a perfect blossom. * Full- bloomed lips.' Crashaw.—Full brother or sistb-, a child of the same father and the same mother.— * Full-center (Arch.), a term applied to wljat has the shape of a full semi-circle ; as, a full-center arch ; a full-center vault. —Full-charged, charged or loaded to the full; fully prepared. Shak.—Full cousin, the son or daughter of an aunt orv uncle — Full cry (Hunting), a term signifying that all the hounds have caught the scent and give tongue in chorus; hence, hot pursuit; l^ard chase.^-^Full-dress, that demands full dress; as, a fu^-dress party or concert. . —Fuli-eyed, having large, prominent eyes .—Full- -fed, fed to fullness; plump.—Full-fleshed, having full flesh; corpulent.—Full-flouring, flowing with. Notation : fl, 6,1, .0, II, long ; &, 6,1, 5, tx, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, f§ll, f$s$, cAre; .her. mOve, or*; bull, fl, Fr. £ n, 'Fr$ ton; IW On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FULL-CHISEL fultaess.; swelling; giving free vent. Shak.-Full- formed, having a full form. Shak.-Full-fortuned, at the height of prosperity. k The imperious show of the full-for tuned Caesar. Shak.—Full-fraught, laden or stored to fullness. Shak.—Full-gorged (Falcon- ry), sated; over-fed. Shak.—Full-grown, grown to full size; accompanying fullness of growth. ' Ripe and frolic of his full-grown age.' Milton.—Full- handed, bearing something valuable, especially a gift; possessing ample means: the opposite of emp- ty-handed.—Full-lengthy embracing the whole; ex- tending the whole length; as, a full-length por- trait.—Full-manned, completely furnished with men, as a fort with soldiers, or a ship with sailors. Shak.—Full-moon, pertaining to or produced by the moon when full. In folly rashes with a full-moon tide. Cotrper. —Full-mouthed, (a) pertaining to or issuing from a full mouth ; produced by a mouth blowing to Its utmost extent. Quarles. (b) Having a full or strong voice or sound. Crashaw.—Full-replete, completely filled. Shak.—Full-run or full swing, unrestrained liberty. [Slang. J—Full-sailed, unlimited ; absolute. Massinger.—Fullsouled, magnanimous; of noble disposition. Full-chisel (fviFchlz'l), adv. At full speed. [American vulgarism.] Full er (fiiTer), n. (Blacksmith's work.) A half- round set-hammer, for forming grooves and the like. Fu ll er (fyl'er), v. t. To make grooves in by means o i a fuller; as, to fuller a bayonet. Full er's*tea sel (fyl'erz-te'zl), n. Same as Fu 11- er's-thistle. Fill llche (f^jTlich or ful'lich-e—ch guttural), adv, Fully. Chaucer. Full martf (f^l'na&rt), n. Same as Foumart. B. Jonson. Fall-split (ftjl'split), adv. With the greatest vio- lence and impetuosity. [American vulgarism.] Ful Jill na tiB»g (ffil//mi-nilt'ing),p. a.—Fulminat- ing ccmpoutxds or fulminates, explosive compounds of fulminic acid with various bases, such as gold, mercury, platinum, and silver. Fum f (ffim), v. i. [Onomatopoetio.] To^play upon a fiddle ; to thrum. Follow me, and fufn as you go. B. Jonson. Fnm (film), )n. The Chinese phoenix, one of the Fuug (fling), ) four symbolical animals supposed to preside over the destinies of the Chinese Empire. Fu mar a mide (fC-m&r'a-mld), n. (Chem.) (C* H6N2O2.) A substance formed by the action of ammonia on fumarate of ethyl. It is a snow-white powder. By acids and alkalies it is resolved, like other amides, into ammonia and the acid. Fu ma rl a ce se (fu-ma/ri-a//se-€),n. pi. (Bot.) A small nat. order of exogenous plants closely allied to Papaverace®. Fu mar ic (ffl-m^r'tk), a.—Fumaric acid (Chem.) (C4H4O4), a monobasic acid, a product of the action of heat on malic acid. It exists ready-formed in several plants, as in common fumitory. It forms fine, soft, micaceous scales, soluble in water and aloohol. It unites with several bases, producing fumarates. Fu ma rine (ffl'ma-rln), ». [Lat./umws, smoke.] ( Chem.) A substance derived from Fumaria officina- lis, and regarded as an organic base. Fume (film), n. 1. A passionate person; one apt to get in a fume. Sterne. 2* The incense of praise; hence, inordinate flat- tery. „ Burton, Fume (fflm), v. t. To worship as by offeriog in- cense to; hence, to flatter excessively. Cowper. Fum erf (fflm'er), n. One who fumes; a perfumer. Beau. & Fl. Fu ml ty (ftt'mi-fl), v. t. To impregnate with smoke. T. Broum. Fu ml to.ry (ftl'mi-to-ri), n. A smoking-room. T. Brown. Fumoslty (fu-mQs'i-ti), n. Tendency to emit fumes; fumes arising from excessive drinking; tumidness; smokiness. Chaucer. Fun (ffin),n.—To make fun of , to turn into ridicule. —Not to see the f un, to be unwilling to regard any- thing offensive or annoying in the light of a joke. Fu na ri a (fu-nS'ri-a), ». [Lat. funurius, per- taining to a rope, from funis, a rope, a cord. ] (Bot.) A genus of mosses having terminal fruit-stalks, with an inflated calyptra and oblique double peristome. Fun-»clilld (ffin'ohild), n. A child born out of wed- lock ; an illegitimate c^ild. [Low Eng.] Function (fungfshun), n.—Carnofsfunction, the connection existing between the quantity of heat emitted* by a heat-producing force, and the amount of work that may be accomplished by it. This con- nection or relation is nearly equal to the quotient arising from the division of the mechanical equiva- lent of the thermal unit, by the number indicating the temperature as expressed in degrees of'the air- thermometer, computed from zero of expansion.— Vital functions, functions immediately necessary to life,as those of the brain, heart, lungs, etc.—Natural or vegetative functions, functions less instantly necessary to life, as digestion, absorption, assimi- 336 lation, expulsion, etc.— Animal functions, those which relate to the external world, as the senses, voluntary motions, etc .—The equivalence of func- tions^ a communist term implying that no man's labor ought to be remunerated at a higher rate than that of any other man, whatever be the difference of capacity or production. Func tlon (fungk'shun), v. i. To perform or dis- charge a function; to act; to manage, conduct, or transact one's regular business. Ency. Brit. Func tlon al (fGngk'shun-al), a.—Functional dis- ease (Pathol.), a disease in which the function or secretion of an organ is vitiated, but its structure is but little if at all changed : used in contradis- tinction to~organic disease. Hkomas. Func tlon ate(fiingk/shun-at),y. i. Same as Func- tion. Func tlon less (fBngk'shun-les), o. Withoutfunc- tion; having no appropriate organ. ' Darwin. Fund a ble (fund'a-bl), a. That may be funded or converted into a fund ; convertible into bonds. Fund, er (fflnd'er), n. A person who advocates the payment in full of the debts of a state. [U. S.] Fun dl (fun'di), ) n. A kind of grain al- Fun-dun gi (fun-dun'ji),) lied to millet (the Faspalum exile), much cultivated in the west of Africa. Called also Hungry Rice. Fu ner al-ale (.ffl'ner-al-ai), o. Ale drank or to be drank at a funeral; hence, a drinking feast at a funeral; an ancient Scandinavian wake. Ften ga ceous(fung-ga'shus),a.. Pertaining or re- lating to the order of Fungi. Fun gal (nlng'gal), n. (Bot.) One of the Fungales. Fun ga les (fuug-g&'ISz),?!. pi. (Bot.) A term com- prehending under one head both lichens and fungi. Fun gi dae (fiin'ji-dS h n. pi. (ZoQl.) A family of simple and single lamellated corals, so called from the resemblance of their stony structure to that of a fungus or mushroom. Fun gol o gy (fung-gSl'o-ji), n. [Lat. fungus, a mushroom, and Gr. Aoyo?, a discourse.] A treatise on or the science of the fungi; mycology. Fun gus»pit (f&ng'gus-plt), n. A pit in which fungi grow. Dickens. Fu nic u lus (fu-nlk'u-lus), n. [Lat., a little rope, cord, or line.] 1. (Anat.) The umbilical cord or navel-cord whereby th# Tetus is connected with the placenta or after-birth/ 2. The small bundles of fibers which compose the nerves of the body. Fu nil i form (fu-ntl'i-form), a. (Bot.) Formed of tough, flexible cord-like fibers, as the roots of some endogenous trees. Funk (fungk), v. i. To kick behind, as ahorse; to get angry ; to take offense. [Scotch.] Funk y (f&ngk'i), a. 1. Inclined to fear; timid. [Colloq. or slang. Eng.] 2. Given to kick, as a horse; easily enr&ged, or put into ill-humor. [Scotch.] Fun ning (fun'ing), n. Jesting, joking, playing sportive tricks. Gay. Fun ny (fiin'i), o. Causing surprise; strange; won- derful ; as, it is somewhat funny that he should never have told me of his marriage. [Colloq.]— Funny-bone, the internal condyle or projection of the lower end of the humerus: also called crazy bone. Fun ny man (fQn'i-man^n. A professional clown; a merritnan ; a merry-andrew. Fur cif er ous (fer-slf'er-fis), a. [Lat. furcifer, one bearing the furca, a gallows-rogue, a rascal— furcr,, a fork, an instrument of punishment placed on a culprit's neck, a kind of gallows, and fero, to bear.] Rascally ; scoundrelly; villainous. Furcif- erous knaves.' [R.] De Quincey. Fur fu ra mide (f^r'fu-ra-mld or fer'fer-a-mld), n. (Chem.) (C15Hi2N203.) A product of the action of ammonia on furfurol, from which a perfume is derived. Fur fu rine (f^fu-rln or f^r'fer-In), n. (Chem.) (CJ5H12N2O3.) A powerful organic base derived from furfuramide. Furfurol (f6rfu-rol or f&r'fer-ol), n. (Chem.) (C5H4O2.) A volatile oil obtained when wheat-bran, sugar, or starch is acted on by dilute sulphuric acid and peroxide of manganese. Fu ri al f (fil'ri-al), a. Furious ; raging. Chaucer. Fu ri bund (fd'ri-bund),'#. [Lat. furibundus.] Furious; raging; mad. Carlyle. Fu ri o sant (ffl/ri-Os'/ant), a. (Her.) A term ap- plicable to the bull, bugie, and other animals, when depicted in a rage or in madness. It is also termed Rangant. Fu ri o so (Wri-O^sO), n. A violent, raging, furi- ous person. Bp. Hacket. Fur me ta ry f (fer'me-ta-ri), n. A kind of broth containing plums. Fur naCe-bridge . (ffcr'nas-brlj), n. A barrier of firebricks, or an iron plate chamber filled with water thrown across'a furnace at the extreme end of the fire-bars, to prevent the fuel being carried into the flues, and to quicken the draught by con- tracting the area. Fur nace-burn ing (fdr//nas-bern'ing), a. Hot, like a furnace. Shak. I FTTTE Fur na ri nse (fer'na-rr'ns), n. pi. {Ornith.) The oven-birds, a sub-family of tenuirostral insessorial birds of the family Certhidse or creepers, so called from the form of their nests. Fur nislx (finish), v. i. In the language of the turf, td improve in strength and appearance. 'The horse had furnished so since then.' ' Macmillan's Mag. ' Fur ni ture (fSr'ni-tflr), n. (Print.) The pieces 1 of wood or metal used for filling up blank or short pages, and for forming the white spaces between the leaves on a printed sheet; also the ' sticks' and quoins used in fastening the pages in a form. Fu role (fvi-rOF), n. [Fr.] A sort of meteor seen on the sail-yards of ships at night. Called also Corposant. Furr-a Jlin (ffir'a-hin), n. [From furr, furrow, and ahin, behind.] The hindmost horse on the right-hand side of the plow, walking on the furrows. [Scotch.] Burns. Fur row-drain (ffir'o-dran), v. t. (Agric.) To drain, as land, by making a drain at each furrow, or between every two ridges. Fur row-faced (filr;o-tast), a. Having a wrinkled or furrowed face or surface. B. Jonson. Fur row-slice (fur'o-slls), n. A narrow slice of earth turned up by the plow. Fur ther some (father-sum), a. Helpful; ad- vantageous ; tending to further. In enterprises of pith a touch of stratagem often proves furthersome. Carl yle. Furze-llsig ffferz'iing),) n. (Ornith.) MelizophU Furze-wren (ferz'ren), J lus provincialis, a small bird found in several of the southern counties of England. Called also Dartford Warbler. Fuse (ftisk), a. Brown; dark-colored; fuscous.[R.] Lamb. Fu si ble (ffl'zi-bl), a.—Fusible porcelain, a silicate of alumina and soda obtained from cryolite and 6and, fused and worked as glass.—Fusible calculus, a variety of urinary concretion consisting of the mixed phosphates of magnesia and ammonia, andof lime. It is so named because it fuses before the blow-pipe. Fu si ciae (fu-sfnS), n. pi. (Conch.) A sub-family of the turnip-shells (Turbinellida)). Fus icsgopoint (fuz'ing-point), n. The degree of temperature at which a substance melts or liquefies; point of fusion. Fu siou (fa'shun), n.—Aqueous or ^watery fusion^ the liquefaction of certain salts by fcieat in their owi water of crystallization.—Dry fusion, the liquefac- tion produced in salts by heat after the water of crystallization has been expelled.—Igneous fiision, the melting of anhydrous salts by heat without their undergoing any decomposition.—Point of fusion of metals, the degree of heat at which .they melt or liquefy. Fuss (fus), v. t. To disturb or confuse with trifling matters. Cornhill Mag, Fuss i fy (fus'i-fT), v. i. To fuss. [Vulgar.] Fuss i ness (ffis'i-nes), n. The state of being fussy or fidgety; bustle, especially needless bustle. Marry at. Fu sn li na (ffl'sfl-ll^na), n. [Lat. fusus, a spindle.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil Foraminifera, so named from their fusiform shells. They occur in the coal formations of Russia especially. Fu sus (ffl'zus), n. [Lat. a spindle.] (ZoOl.) A genus of gasteropodous molluscs nearly allied to Murex, characterized by a somewhat spindle-shaped uni- valve shell. Fu til i ta ri an (fu-tll'i-ta^ri-an), n. [A w^rd formed on the type of utilitarian, and involving a sneer at the philosophic school so called.] A person given to useless or worthless pursuits. Southey. Fu til i ta ri an (fu-tll i-ta/'ri-an), a. Devoted to worthless or useless pursuits, aims, or the like. Fitzedward Hall. Fut tock (ffit'tok), m.—Futtock-stave (Naut.), a short piece of rope served over with spun yarn, to which the shrouds are confined at the cat^harpings. Fut ur a ble tX^^'tflrTa-bl), a. Possible or likely to occur in the future. 4 Things not only future, but futurable.'* Fy.ller. Fut ure-per feet (ffl'tur-pfer^fekt^n. (Oram.) In verbs, a tense in which the senses pf the future and the perfect are combined. Fyf f (flf or f§f), o. and n. Five. Fyl fot (fil'fSt), n. A peculiarly-formed cross, sup- posed to have been introduced into Europe about the sixth century, from India or China, where it was employed as a mystic symbol among religious dev- otees ; it is often used in decoration and embroidery in the middle ages. Called also Gammadion. Fyr f (fir or f<*r), n. Fire. Fyrd (f6rd), ?n. [A. Sax.] (Old Eng. ■ Fyr dung (fer'dung),'i Hist.) The military ar- ray or land force of the whole nation, comprising all males able to bear arms ; a force uesemblin** the German landwehr. . Fyst (fist), n. Same as Fice, Feist. Fytf £(#*;), »• CA* Sax- AM* a songrjiwan, Fy tte t ) sing.] A musical strain; a «anto; a song. r E. B. Browning. oh, oAain; g, go; j, job; ng, sing; Qi, then; th, thin; w, toig; wh, whig; zh% asure; oot food; oi, oil; on, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.G 337 GALLOWS-FRAME G. G(g), as a symbol, is used—1. In numerals: For 400, and with a dash over it, 6?, for 40,000. &. (Mus.) (a) The note Lichanos in Greek music, (b) The first note of the church mode, called Eolian, the highest in pitch of the authentic modes, (c) The lowest note of the grave hexa- chord ; in the Guidonian system, gamnvi ut. (d) The fifth note of the normal scale of C, called Sol. (e)' The lowest or fourth string of a violin, the third of the viola and violoncello. (/) The key-note of the major scale, having one sharp in the signature, (g) The letter-name oi the treble clef. St. In Church Calendar: For the seventh of the Dominical letters. 4. (Physics) A symbol for the acceleration of a body failing in vacuo. It = 980 C. G. S. units of acceleration. Gab (gab), n. (Steam Eng.) The hook of an eccentric rod which engages the wrist on the rock shaft lever of a valve motion. The term signifies that the hook or gab is open to bite upon that placed within it; chiefly used on American steam-boats. The gift of the gab: The power or faculty of talking; eloquence. \Colloq. J " I always knew you had the gift of the gab, of course."—Dickens: Martin Chuzzlewit, ch. xxvii. Ga ban (ga'ban), n. [O. Fr.; Fr. caban.~\ A kind of coarse cloak. Ga bar age (ga;bar-age), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A course linen packing cloth. Ga bi on age (ga'bi-on-age), n. (Fort.) Gabions collectively. Ga bi oned (ga'bl-oned), a. Furnished with, formed of, or protected with gabions. "Floating batteries, strongly parapetted and gabioned."—W. H. Russell. Ga ble (ga'ble), n. Gable-end. (Arch.) The triangular-topped end wall of a house. "A knot of antique houses with gable-ends, crowding thick round a venerable cathedral."— Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xvi. Gable roof. (Arch.) Afroof converging to an apex, and open to the sloping rafters or spars. Gable-roofed. (Arch.) Having a roof converged to an apex, as a gable, the sloping rafters being left open to the interior, without the intervention of cross-beams, or an arched ceiling. Gable- window. (Arch.) A window in the gable of a house. Gab loclc (g&b'ldek), n. A false spur of iron or steel fitted on to the heel of a game-cock to make it morie effective in fighting. Gad. (§jS.d), n. A long stick or whip to drive cattle with. [U. S.] To put the gad on. To whip, thrash, or beat with a stick or whip. \_Colloq. U. S. ] Gatl dish (gad'dlsh), a. Inclined to gad about; of a gadding or roving disposition. Gad dish ness (gad'dish-ngss), n. The quality of being gaddish ; a disposition to gad about. "May have nothing under them but gaddish- ' ness."—Leigliton: On 1 Peter iii 13. Gad i tani an (gad'i-ta'ni-an), a. [Lat. Gadi- tanus, from Gades=Cadiz.] (Geog.) Of or per- taining to Cadiz, a town in the south of Spain. Gad i tani an (g&d'i-ta'-'ni-an), n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz. Gad ling (gadling), n. A [dimin. from gad— a spike or goad.] (Old Armor.) A boss or small spike of steel placed on the knuckles of gaunt- lets. Gad ling (g&dling), n. A. S. gcedeling; O. Sax. gaduling; Ger. gataling; Goth, gadiliggs =a companion, a kinsman.] One given to gadding about; an idle vagabond. [O&s/J "By the nose I schalle the wrying Thou berdles gadling." Torrent of Porugal., 1,014. Gad ling (g&d'ling), a. Given to gadding about; wandering, vagrant, vagabond. [06s.] Ga dus (ga'dtis), n. [Low Lat. gadu(s) —a cod- fish; Gr. yaSos (gados)=a fish, probably the Hake (Merlucious), which is of the family Gadidse.] (Ichthy) (a) (pi.) An extensive genus of fishe3 founded by Linnaeus, and comprehend- ing the mo lern family Gadidse. (b.) The typ- ical genus of that fa nily, now by most natural- ists called Horrhua (q. v.). Gael (gael), n. [Gael. gaidheal.'] A Scottish high- lander of Celtic blood; also an Irish Celt. Gaff (g&ff), n. The metalic spur fastened to the leg of a fighting-cock. Gaff top sail (gftff'tdp^sail), n. (Naut.) A sail spread by a gaff above the mainsail of a cut- ter, or other fore-and-aft rigged vessel. Gag (gag), v. i. To retch; to heave with nausea. Gag (gag), n. Anything which causes nausea or sickness. ''L. has recorded the repungence of the school to gags, or the fat of fresh beef boiled."—Lamb; Essays of Elia; Christ's Hospital. Gag ate (gag'ate), n. [Lat. gagates\ Gr. yayaT-qs (gagates)=lignite, bituminous wood, Jet from Tayas (gagas), and Tdyyat (Gaggai)-a, town and river in Syria near which it occurred.] (Min.) The name given by Pliny, Dioscorides, etc., to what is now called jet. [Obs.]—Fuller. Gag toothed (gag toothed), a. Having pro- jecting teeth. Gail li arde, Gal li ard (gail'-ll-arde, gaili- ard), n. [Ital. gagliarda.] (Mus.) An ancient dance, so qalled because of its gay rhythm and motion. Ic is said by some to have been similar in character to the Cushion dance. Like the minuet, of which it wis probably the parent, the galliard was danced by a lady and gentleman. If more than one couple performed the dance they did so independently of other dancers. (Stainer & Barrett.) Gain (gain), v. t. Syn.— Gaist, Win.— Gain de- notes only tha'; we get something by striving for it; win., that we do it in competition with others. Wegain with intention ; we win by chance. We may gain a fortune by close application to busi- ness ; we may win a prize in a lottery. Knowl- edge, pow^r, influence, etc., are gained; a prize, a race, a victory, etc., are won. Also, a victory or a prize may be both gained and won: gained, as regards the endeavors of the victor ; won, in that as a question of chance fortune deci led in his favor.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Gain some (gain-some), a. Bringing gain or profit; profitable, advantageous. [OJ>s.] Gair fowl (gair'-fowl), n. [Mid. Eng. gair = grare=stare, and Eng. fowl.] (Ornith.) A name given locally to the Great Auk, now extinct. G-ait (gait), n. To hold one's gait: To hold on one's way; to prosper. To taTce the gait: To de- part; to set out on a journey or expedition of any kind. Gala (ga'-la), n. [Fr., from Ital. gale—ornament, finery, festive attire.] A show or pomp; festivity; mirth; a holiday. " They dressed as if for a gala at Versailles." —Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. iii. Ga lac tic (ga-iae'-tle), a. [Gr. yd\a (gala), genit. yaAa«ro? (galaktos)—mW\t', Eng. adj. suff. -ic.] 1. Of or belonging to milk; derive 1 from milk. (Astron.) Of or relating to the Galaxy or Milky Way. k* Around the poles of t£,e galactic circle."—H. Spencer: Instability of the Homogeneous. Ga lac to den dron (ga-iae'to-d^n^drdn), n. [Gr. ya.Ka. (gala), genit. ya\a. Ga le a (gale-a), n. [Lat. = a helmet, usually of leather, whereas the cassis was generally of met- al.] 1. (Anat.) The amnion. "A. (Bot.) Helmet; the arched upper lip in some labiate flowers; example, Lamium album. 3. (Palceont.) A fossil echinoderm, shaped like a helmet. 4. (Pathol.) A headache affecting the whole head. 5. (Surg.) A bandage for the head. Ga le Op sis (gale-dp^sis), n. [Lat. galeopsis\, Gr. yaAeoi/zc? (galeopsis), from yaAe'rj (galee) — a. weasel, and oif/Ls (opsis)=appearance. The com- parison is between the corolla of the plant and a weasel's head.] (Bot.) Hemp-nettle. A genus of Labiatae (Lamiacese), family Lamidae. Gal lant ry (gai'lant-ry), n. Syn. See Heroism. Gal i le an (gail-le'an), a. [After Galile(o)-,. Eng. suff. -cm.] Pertaining to or invented by Galileo, the celebrated astronomer. Ga li um (gall-urn), [Lat. galium; Gr. yayiov- (galion) = the Yellow Bedstraw (Dioscorides), from ya\a (ga,la) =milk, which some species o£ the genus are us id to curdle.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, the typical one of the order Galiacece goose-grass; bed-straw. Gal ler y (gavier-y), n. The occupants of a gallery at any performance; generally with th^ imputation of their being low-bred and devoid of taste. "The galleries would certainly lose much of their veneration for the theatrical kings, queens, and nobles if they were to see them behind the scenes, unbedizened."—V. Knox: Spirit of Des- potism■, 23. To play to the gallery. To court the applause of the vulgar. Gal li am bic (gaili-am^bic), n. [Lat. galiam- bicus=a song used by tie Galli or priests of Cybele.] (Pros.) A kind of verse, consisting- of two iamb c dimeters catalectic, the last wanting: the final syllable. Gal lie i nite, Gal lit zen ite (gai-lig i-nite, gAl-lit z6n-lte), n. [From Ger. galitzenstein, the- name of the mineral, implying that it is from Galicia, where it is non known to occur, (Min.) The same as Goslarite. Gal li na cean (gai'li-na^shan), n. [Lat. gal- linaceus, from gallina—a hen; gallus—a. cock (Ornith.) One of the order Gallinacea, or common hen. Gal li na jo (gaVli-na^jo). n. (Ornith) A genus of birds o: the woodcock family. Gal lop (gallop) n. A kind of dance. Gal lop ade (gailop-ade7'), v. i. To gallop; to move about briskly; to dance a gallopade. "The shock-head willows two and two, By rivers gallopaded." Tennyson: Am- phion, 40. Gal lop ing (gailop-ing), n. a. 1. Moving or running at a gallop. 3. Very rapid in its progress; as, a galloping consumption, one which soon arrives at a fatal . termination. Gal lop ing (gailop-Ing), n. The act of moving at a gallop. u I did heare The galloping of horse." Shalcesp.: Macbeth, iv. 1. Galloping Consumption. (Pathol.)' Acute pul- monary phthisis, in contradistinction to chronic: phthisis. Named on account of its usually very" rapid fatality. /" Gal lo tan nic (gano-tan^nie), a. (ChemJ> Kelating to, or derived from the tannin of n/t- galls. y Gal lows bitts (gailows-bitts), n. pi. (/Naut.)- A strong frame erected amidships on therdeck to hold spare spars. Gal lows frame (gailows-frame), n. 1. ^he» frame of a gallows. Notation: a, 6,1, 0, Q, y, long; a, 6, i, 6, ft, f, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; ddne, fSr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, r^der push; e, i, o, silent; 5 as s; gh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 2 as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in t£is latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.GALOCHE 338 GAUGE Steam-Eng. The frame supporting the beam of n beam- engine. [ U. S. ] Ga loclie (ga-ldah ) v. A legging, a gaiter covering the upper part of the shoe and the bottom of the leg. Gal VJiil ic (gi\l-v&n'ie), a. Galvanic battery. {Elect.) A number of connected galvanic cells. Galvanic-pile. (Elect.) A column of alternate plates, such as zinc and copper; also called Voltaic-Pile. Gal va nize (g&l''va-nlze), v. t. 1. To plate with gold, silver, etc., by means of galvanism. To restore to consciousness from a fainting fit, etc., by means of galvanic action. ii. To give life, spirit, or vitality to. Gal van ix er (gai' van-iz erj, n. One who or that which galvanizes. Gal van 6 plas tic (gai-van o-pla9"tie), a. [Pref. (iuIvuho-, a:i 1 En :. pJ.tsfic. Of or belong- ing to the art or process of e:ectrotyping. Gam Mr, Gam bier (gam bir, gfuu bier), n. [A Malayan word. ] (Pharm.) An extract from tne le-tves of U near in gatnbit\ a cinclionaceous plant. It is a simple astringent. It is chewed by the Malays, with b<*tel leaf and areca, specially to relieve aphtous eruptions of the mouth and fauces. It is called also Terra japonica. (Haillb ist (gftmbist), n. [Ital. gamba.] (Mus.) One who performs on the viol di gamba. Gam bi'OOii (gam-broon), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A kind of twihed fabric used for linings. Game (game), %. Of or pertaining to such animals as are considered as game; as, a game preserve. Gamma rus (gam'ma-rus), n. Lat. gammarus, cammarus; Gr. Kd/jL/xapos (kammaros)=rjAAo/u. (phullon) = B. leaf, and Eng., etc., sufE. -ous.] (Bot.) Formed of leaves united by their edges. Gail der (gan'der), v. i. To ramble, to wander, to gad. [Rare.] "Nell might come gandering back in one of her tantrums."—H. Kingsley; Geoffrey Hamlyn, ch. x. Gang (gang), n. Gang-cask. [Nant.) (a) A small cask for bringing off water in boats. (b) The c.isk in wh.ch drinking water for imme- diate use is kept on deck. Gang cultivator. A cultivator in wnich a number of cultivator shares are stocked in such a way rs to be driven in a got; usually attached to a carriage on which the driver is mounted. €ran get ic, Gail gic (gan-gdt'ic, g&n/gic), a. [Lat. Ganget-{icus); Lat. Eng., etc. Gang(es), and Eng. suif. -ic. ] Of or pert-lining to the river Ga jges; having its habitat in the river Ganges. '>Walpole: Letters, iii. 279. Gar de ni a (gar-de'ni-a), n. [Named after Alexander Garden, M. D., of Charleston, in South Carolina, a correspondent of Ellis and of Linnseus. (Bot.) The typical genus of the Cinchonaceous family. Gardenidae. In India the fruit of Gardenia campanulata is reputed to be cathartic. _ Gar dy loo (gar'dt-loo"), u. [Fr. gardez (vous de) Veau = take care of the water, a cry used in Scotland by a person about to empty the cham- ber utensils out of the window into the street.] A shout of warning. "She h id made the gardyloo out of the wrang window."—Scott: Heart of Midlothian, ch. xxvii. Gar gal ixe (gar'-gal-ize), v. t. To gargle. Gar ga ney (garga-ney), n. [First element doubtful, second apparently from A.8. ganet.= a fen duck.] (Ornith.) One of the names for a duck, the Summer Teal, Anas Querquedula. It is found in the Himalaya Mountains and various other parts of India, and in Britain in the sum- mer. Garget (gar'get), n. 1. A distemper in cattle accompanied by a swelling of the throat and neighboring parts. "The garget appears in the head, maw, or in the hinder parts."—Mortimer: Husbandry. A name for Phytolacca decandra, a plant employed in medicine as a cathartic and emetic. Also^ called Poke or Poke-weed. Gar ish liess (gar'lsh/n6ss), n. 1. The qual- ity or state of being garish, d zzling, gaudy, or showy. " The garishness, neatness, and riches of silken garments."—Florio: Montaigne, p. 145. 2. Extravagance of joy or emotion; fliglitiness of temper. " A singular corrective of that pride and garish- ness of temper."—South, vol. ix., ser. 5. Gar liient ed 0 ar'mgnt-ed), a. Covered or provided with, as with a garment; dressed. tRare. ] " A lovely lady garmen ted in light From her own beauty." Shelley: Adonais, v. Gar net if er ous (gar net-af^er-ous), a. Abounding in or producing garnets. Gar OOlt ull (gar-ookuh), n. [Pers. or Arab. (?).] (Naut.) A vessel of the Persian Gulf, having a length of from 50 to 10) feet, a short keel, and a long overhanging prow and stern. It is used principally for fishing purpos s. Gar ret ing (g&r'rSt-ing), n. Small splinters of stone placed between the joints of coarse masonry. Gar rot (g&r'rot), n. [Mahn places it under garrot (2).] (Ornith.) Clangula, a genus of Ducks, and specially C. vulgaris or chrysoph- th-almus, or Fuligula clangula, found in Britain. Gar rot (gar-rot7), n. (Surg.) A tourniquet formed of a band and a stick, the former being twisted by the revolution of the latter. Gar I'll lous (gar'ra-lous), a. Syn.—See Lo- quacious. Gar lous ness (g&r'rvl-lous-ngss), n. [Eng. garrulous; -ness.] The quality or state of being garrulous; loquacity, garrulity. Gas (g&s), n. Empty talk; froth. Gas-burner. The jet piece at which the gas issues. It consists of a slit or of a number of orifices disposed so as to produce the shape of flame required. Gas- fitter. A workman who lays the pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. Gas-fttier^s gauge: An arrangement by which the tightness of the joints in a line of pipes is ascertained. The pipes being filled with air by a pump, the pressure gauge in connection therewith remains stationary if the joints are perfect. If the gauge fall, ether may be admitted to the interior and the escape detected by a torch. Gas-main. A principal gas- pipe leading from the works, and having branches and distributing pipes. Gas mains are laid in sections, the small end of one entering the wide socket of the adjacent section. Gas o line (gag'o-llne), n. A light grade of petroleum. Gas o scope (gas'o-seope), n. [Eng. gas, and Gr. cnco7reco (skopeo )=to see.] An instrument for detecting the presence of carburetted hydrogen in the atmosphere. It is used, or should be, in coal-mines, to give an alarm when a dangerous and explosive condition of the air supervenes. It may also be applied to detect a leak in the gas apparatus of a building. Gas ter o pod (gas ter-o'pdd), n. One of the Gasteropoda. Gas ter op o da (gas'ter-ftp'-'o-da), n. pi. [Pref. gastero; Gr. 7rov? (pous), genit. 7to<56s (podos)=a foot, and Lat. neut. pi. sufl. a.] (Zool.) Gaster- opods. The most typical, though not the most highly-organized class of the sub-kingdom Mol- lusca. Its essential character is that the under side of the body constitutes a single muscular foot, on which the animal creeps or glides. Most of the Gasterpoda have univalve shells, a few have them tubular or conical ; in one the shell is multivalve, and in some it is internal or wanting. Most of the spiral shells are dextral, a few are sinistral. Gas tral gy, Gas tral gi a (gas-traFg^, gas-tra^gl-a), n. [Gr. yaarrip (gaster), genit. ya rnol O gy (no-mdl'o-gy), n. [Gr. vofios {?o,omos) = law, and \6yos {logos) — a word, a dis- course.^ 1. {Law) The science or knowledge of law, legislation, and government. 2. {Ment. Science) Th scie>nce which treats of the laws of the mind. 3. {Bot ) The dep8 meut of botany which treats of the laws which egulate the variations of organs. Hon ac cept ance ( I'ae-gSpt^ance), n. A refusal or failure to acc Noil ad mis sion (nd i-mis^sion), n. A re- fusal or iailure to admit "The reasou of this t admission is its great uncertainty."—Ayliffe: ergon. Non a dult (n6n ii-du , a. Not having ar- rived at an adulkage; i; state of pupilage. ]VTon aged (ndn'aged) Being in a state of nonage; immature. Non al ien a tion ( -al/ien-a//tion), n. 1. A failure or refusal to f ate. S. The condition of being alienated. Xon com pie tion ndn'e^m-ple^tion), n. Failure or neglect to < plete; the state of not being completed. None (niin), a. and pi None-so-pretty, Nan- cy-pretty: {Bot.) Sax Igaumbrosa. London- pride. Noil est (n<5n-6st'), j . [Lnt.=he (or it) is not.] A contraction oi e Latin non est inventus = he was not fonnd, a (or it) was not to be found, he (or it) was le. Non est fac turn (n ^3t f&c'tum), phr. [Lat = it is not the fact or ad.] {Law) The gen- eral issue in an action n bond, or other deed, whereby the defendant formerly denied that to be his deed whereon he was sued.— Wharton. net, No net to (no-nSt', no-nSt'to), n. [Lat. nonws=ninth.] {Mus.) A composition, written for nine voices or instruments. Ron ett (n6n76tt), n. [Etym. doubtful.] The titmouse. [O&s.] Non lim it a tion (nfln-llm'it-a'-'tion), n. Ab- sence of limit or .imitation; failure or neglect to limit. Non ny (ntin'nj^, n. A ninny; a simpleton. Non pa reil (nta'pa-rSl"), n. 1. A sort of narrow ribbon. 3. A small bon-bon, or sugar plum. Non prep a ra tion (n<3n-pr6p/a-ra//tion), n. Failure or neglect of preparation; the state of not being prepared. Non ru mi nant (ndn-rtt'ml-nant), a. Not chewing#the cud. "Non-ruminant hoofed animals."—CasselVs Nat. Hist., ii, 349. Non sex u al (ndn-sSx'Q-al), a. Devoid of sex; sexless; neuter. Non-sexual reproduction; {Physiol.) [Monosomy, Parthenogenesis.) No o log ic al (no'o-ldg^ie-al), a. Of or per- taining to noology. No ol v<> gist (no-tfl'-o-glst), n. One who studies oris vtbrsed in noology. No ol O '£^y (no-61'o-gy), n. [Gr. i>oos (woos)=the mind, and koyos {logos)—& discourse.] The sci- ence which treats of intellectual facts or phe- nomena. Noon (noon), n. Noon of night: Midnight. "jfull before him at the noon of night.'■ , Dry den: Wife of Bath's Tale, 213. Noon Shiin (noon'shun), n. The same as Nun- cheon. No pal ry, No pal er y (no'pal-r^, no-p&l'- er-y), n. JTFr. nopalUre.] A plantation or nurs- ery of nopals for rearing cochineal insects. Theie are three crops in the year. Nopaleries exist in th9 Canary Islands, New Grenada and Mexico. No ri ti\nO-r'.-a), n. [Sp. from Arab, no? ura.] A water raising machine which has traveling pots or but kets, submerged below and discharging at their point oi greatest elevation. The term no- ria, having been applied generally to traveling water-iai&ing buckets, has included the chain- pump, t ometiraes called the Spanish noria. A new feature, however, is found in this, namely, a tube up which the pistons, no longer buckets, ascend. The true Spaniph noria has earthen pitchers se- cured between t vo ropes which pass over a wheel above and are submerged below. Nor mal (n6rmal), a. Syn.—Normal, Ordi- nary, Begular. The meaning of ordinary and regular are well known, being popular terms. Normal is Eiore specific, and is used in connec- tion with s< ience. It is opposed to abnormal. A thing is normal when it is in strict accordance with the peculiar principles which belong to its species; it abr ormal when it deviates from them.—Falli.yis' S jnonyms Discriminated. Nor mal c^(n.5r/mal-Qy), n. {Geom.) The quality, cond >s of the point of contact and normalcy."—L ivws and Peck: Math. Diet. Nor mal i zation (ndr'mal-l-za^tion), n. The act of normaliz: ag; reduction to a standard or type. Nor man (nSr'man), a. Norman style or archi- tecture: A style of architecture which the Nor- mans brought to a high state of perfection. Whilst the simplicity of the entire structure and the general effect bear witness to the Boman origin of the style, yet there is displayed a rich treatment of details. Both piers and arches are molded, and the ornamentation, especially that which serves as a rich setting to the arches, con- sists of the most simple line patterns; as, for in- stance, the meander, or the zigzag, or of \ands or fillets occurring in regular succession; fre- quently, also, it is composed of various enrich- ments resembling the squares of a chess-board, lozenges, or nail-heads. Norman workman-hip was, at first, remarkable only lor its solidity. The walls were of great thickness, and often built of rubble, faced with small square stones—a manner of building which has been copi^from the works which the Romans had left TTShind them in France. Norse (norse), a. [A shortened form of Norsk {=Northisk; Eng. northish), the Norw. and Dan. form of Icel. Norskr=Norse.] Of or relat- ing to ancient Scandinavia or its inhabitants; Norwegian. Nortli (nOrth), a. North-following: {Astron.) In or toward the quadrant of the heavens be- tween the north and east points. Used of on 3 of a pair of stars, etc. North-pole: {a) {Astron.) The point in the northern sky around which the heavens seem to revolve, {bj {Oeog.) The northern extremity of the earth's axis, around which the planet revolves. Its latitude is 90°, i. e., it is 90° (a quadrant) distant from the equa- tor. North-preceding: {Astron.) In or toward the quadrant between the north «ind the west points. Used similarly to a. North polar dis- tance: (Astron.) The distance of a heavenly body from the north celestial pole. North (n6rth), v. i. {Naut. ) To move or veer toward the north: as, The wind norths. Nortli ern (nOrth'ern), a. Northern-diver: (Ornith.) Colymbus glacialis. NTorth. um tori an (nQrth-tim'bri-an), a. Of or relating to Northumberland, England, or its people. Nortli um bri an (n6rth-iim'brl-an), n. (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Northumberland. North wards (nOrth'wards), adv. Northward. Nose (noge), n. A nose of wax: One who is pli- able or yielding, and easily persuaded to any purpose; a person of a compliant or accommodat- ing disposition. "Too easy, like a nose of wax, to be turned on that side."—Wood: Fasti Oxon., vol. ii. To wipe a person's nose: To cheat, to cozen. 4'I've wiped the old men's noses of their mon« ey."—Bernard: Terence in English (1614). To cast in the nose: to twit; to cast in the teeth. To hold one's nose to the grindstone: To be hard upon jne. To be bored through the nose: To be cheated. To tell (or count) noses: To coxint the number of persons present; to coufcit how rriany sit on a particular side in Parliament or else- where. Brewer considers it a term borrowed from horse-dealers, who, in counting horses in a stable, do so by ascertaining how many noses are visible. Under one's nose: Under the imme- diate range of observation. "Poetry takes me up so entirely, that I scarce see what passes under my nose."—Pope's Letters. Nose (nO§e), v.t. To utter through the nose; to utter in a nasal manner. [Rare. \ Nose (nO§e), v. i. 1. To smell, to sniff. 3. To thrust one's nose into what does not con- cern one; to meddle. Nos el (nos'el), v. t. To nuzzle or nozzle Nos tal gy (nos-t&l'gy), n. Nostalgia. No ta bil i ty (nO'ta-bll^I-t^), n. [Fr. notabili- ty.] 1. The quality or state of being notable; notableness. A notable or wonderful person or thing; a distinguished person. Not al (nOt'al), a. [Gr. i/wros (notos)=the back.] Belonging or pertaining to the back; dorsal. No tan dum (no-t&n'dum, pi. no-t&n'da), n. [Lat. neut. sing, of notandus, fut. pass. par. ot noto=to mark, to note.] Something to be marked or noted; a notable fact or occurrence. No tate (nO'tate), a. [Lat. notatus, pa. par. of w,o£o=tomark, to note.] {Bot.) Marked, vari- egated;^ having variegated spots or lines. Notation (no-ta'tion), n. Arithmetical Nota- tion: A system of figures or characters used to represent numbers. Two methods of expressing numbers are at present in use, the Roman and . the Arabic. Numerical notation: (Mus.) A meth- od of expressing musical sounds by numerals. Notch (n<5tch), v. t. 1. To place in a notch, as an >»rrow, to fit to the string. Dotation: a, e, l, C\ u, y, long; a, 6, i, 6. ti, f, short; cfire, f&r, last, \ill, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fSr, dg, wolf, food, foot; f&rl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; ch as sh; c, eh, as k; g i?> j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. "On this p age will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.NOTED 545 NUPTIAL To mark or keep count of, by cutting notches In a stick or piece of wood; to score. "All-Muggleton had notched some fifty-four." —Dickens: Pickwick Papers, ch. vii Not ed (not ed), a. Syn.—Noted, Notorious. Noted may be used in a good or bad sense; noto- rious is used in a bad sense only; as, "A noted scholar:" "A notorious criminal."—Fallows' Syn- onyms Discriminated. No*e let (note 16t), n. 1. A little note; a billet. 2. A small notice; a short criticism. "Some brightly written notelets on books and reading."—Athenaeum., Aug. 2, 1884, p. 144. Notli ing ism (nuth Ing or noth'ing-Ism), n. The state of being nothing; nothingness. Ko tice (no tice), v. t. Syn.—Notice, Remark, Observe. What is noticed and remarked strikes on the senses, and awakens the mind; what is observed is looked after and sought for; the former are often involuntary acts; we see, hear, and think because the objects obtrude them- selves uncalled for; but the latter is intentional as well as voluntary; we see, hear, and think on that which we have watched. We remark things as matters of fact; we observe them in order to judge of, or draw conclusions from, them: we remark that the wind lies for a long time in a certain quarter; we observe that whenever it lies in a certain quarter it brings rain with it. People who have no particular curiosity may be sometimes attracted to notice the stars or plan- ets, when they are particularly bright.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. No tice a bly (no'tl^e-a-bly), adv. In a notice- able manner or degree; so as to be noticed or re- marked. No tie er (nO'tlQ-er), n. One who takes notice. No tion (nO'tion), n. Syn.—See Opinion. A fancy article, a trifle, a knicknack; smallware. (Now only American, and generally in the plural.) [Colloq., TJ. S.] No tion ate (nO'tion-ate), a. Notional, fanci- ful, ideal. No to ri ©us (no-to'rl-oiis), a. Syn. — See Noted. Nott head ed (ndtt'-'hfiad'ed), a. Having the hair cut close. [ Obs. J—Chapman: Widow^s Tears. Nott pat ed (ndtt^pat/ed), a. The same as Nott-headed (q. v.). [Obs.] "This leatherne-jerkin, crystal-button, not- ipated . . —Shakesp.: 1 Henry IF, ii, 4. Nou gat (nou-ga'), n. [Fr., from Lat. nux (genilt nucis) = a nut.] A kind of confectionery made of pistachio nuts, almonds, and pounded loaf sugar. Noul (noul), n, [Noll.] The crown of the head; the head. [Obs.] Nou me lion (.nou'me-nfln), n. [Gr.=a thing perceived; neut. sing, of vovfxevos {noumenos), perf. pass. par. of voem (noed)=to perceive.] (Philos.) (See extracts). "Noumenon is the antithesis to phenomenon • . . Noumenon means the substratum, or, to use the Scholastic word, the Substance. Thus, as matter is recognized by us only in its manifes- tations (phenomena), we may logically distin- guish those manifestations from the thing mani- fested; and the former ■will be the materia circa gucpi, the latter the materia in qua. Noumenon is, therefore, equivalent to the Essence; phenom- enon to the manifestation."—G. H. Lewes: Hist. Philos. (1880), i, 76 (Note). "The notion of a noumenon is therefore no concept of an object, but the problem unavoid- ably connected with the limitation of our sen- sibility, viz., whether there may not exist objects quite independent of its intuition—a question ■which can only be vaguely answered by saying that as our sensuous intuition does not apply to all things indiscriminately, there is room for more and for other objects, so that they cannot be absolutely denied, but neither, in the absence of any definite notion, can they be affirmed as objects for our understanding."—Kant: Critick (ea. Mahaffy), p. 206. Nour ish (ntir'ish), v. t. Syn.—Nourish, Nur- ture, Cherish. Things nourish, persons nur- ture and cherish: to nourish is to afford bodily strength, to supply the physical necessities of the body; to nurture is to extend one's care to the supp y of all its physical necessities, to preserve life, occasion growth, and increase vigor; the breast of the mother nourishes; the fostering care and attention of the mother nurtures. To nurture is a physical act; to cherish is a mental as well as a physical act; a mother nurtures her infant while it is entirely dependent upon her; she cherishes her child in her bosom and protects it from every misfortune, or affords consolation in the midst of all its troubles, when it is no longer an infant.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. No va tian (nO-va'shan), a. [See def.] Per- taining to or characteristic of Novatianism. Nov el (nov'el), a. Syn.—See New. Now (now), a. Present, existing. [Obs.] "Defects seem as necessary to our now happi- ness as to their opposites."—Glanvill: Vanity of Dogmatizing, ch. xxiv. Nowes (noz), n. [O. Fr. now, from Lat. nodumy accus. of nodus—a knot.] A knot; the marriage knot or tie. [Obs.] "Sons of thy nowes; The virgin births with which thy spouse Made fruitful thy fair soul." Crashaw: Hymn to St. Teresa. Nowl (nowl), n. The head. [Obs.] Nox ious (n&k'shiis), a. Syn.—See Noisome. Nub (ntib), n. A protuberance or projection; a knob. [Colloq.] Nub (niib), v. t. To hang. [Stfangr, Eng.] Nu becula(nu-b6c/a-ia), n. [Lat. dimin. of nubes = a cloud.] 1. (Astron.) Anything nebulous; specif., two nebulae. Nubecula major and N. minor together constituting the Magellanic clouds (q. v.). 2. {Pathol.) (a) A speck in the eye; (b) A cloudy object or appearance in urine.—Dun- glison. Nu big en OUS (nu-blg'en-oiis), a. [Lat. nubes — a cloud, and gigno (pa. t. genui)=to beget, to produce.] Produced by clouds. [Obs.] Nu bi late (na'bl-late), v. t. [Lat. nubilatus, pa. par. of nubilo—to make cloudy; nubes—& cloud.] To make cloudy; to cloud. [Obs.] Nu bi lose (na'bi-lose), a. [Lat. nubilosus, from nubes=a cloud.] Full of or abounding with clouds; cloudy. [Rare.] Nu ca men ta ceous (nu'ea-mSn-ta^shus), a. (Bot.) (a) Pertaining to a nucament or catkin: (b) Having the hardness of a nut; (c) Producing nuts. Nu cle ate (nu'ele-ate), v. i. To gather or collect as about a nucleus or center. Nu cle o branch (na'ele-o-br&neh), n. [Nu- cleobranchiata.] (Zool.) An individual mollusk of the order Nucleobranchiata or heter- opods. Nu cle us ( nu'ele-tis, pi. nti'c e-i), n. [Lat. = a small nut, a kernel, from nux (genit. nucis) = a nut; Ital. and Sp. nuclo. J 1. A central or material point or portion about which matter is gathered, or to which accretion is or can be made. 2. (Anat. and Physiol.) The granular spot in a parent cell from which new cells originate. 3. {Bot.) {a) A new bulb developed, in he axil of an old one, what gardeners call a "clo (b) The central part of an ovule. It is a fle y, pointed, pulpy mass, inclosed, or often cove d, by the primine and secundine, but someti as protrud ng beyond the latter. It consists of le embryo, or of the embryo and the albumen b h. —Lindley. Nu cule (ntl'etile), n. A nucula. Nud die (nOd die), v. i. [Perhaps connected with noddle (q. v.).J To walk rapidly with the head inclined forward. (Used with along.) [Rare.]—Ainsworth. Nudge (nudge), n. A touch, pressure, or jog with the elbow. Nu di bran chi ate (ntydl-br&n^chl-ate), a. [Nudibranchiata. ] Belonging to or character- istic of the section Nudibranchiata (q. v.). "The nudibranchiate sea-slugs are found on all coasts where the bottom is firm or rocky, from between tide-marks to the depth of fifty fathoms; a few species are pelagic."—S. P. Woodward: Mollusca (ed. 1880), p. 325. / Nu di bran chi ate (nfl/di-br&n//eh}-at4), n. An individual mollusc belonging to ti^/'order Nudibranchiata. Nu di caul (na'di-caul), a. [Lat. nuduii = naked, and caulis = a stem.] {Bot.) Having leafless Nu di ft ca tion (nfl'dl-fL-ca^tion}, n. [Lat. nudus = naked, and facio — to make. J The act of stripping or making naked; nudation. Nug gar (niig'gar), n. [Native word.] (See ex- tract. ) "The expedition started to-day to drag some nuggars or native boats up the river."—Edin- burgh Review, Oct., 1881, p. 554. Nug get (nug'get), n. [A corrupt, of ningot, for ingot, the n of the indefinite article being tacked onto the noun, as in nickname, etc.] A mass or lump; specif., a lump of native gold found in the gold-diggings. Nugi fy (nu'gl-fy), v. t. [Lat. nugce = trifles, and facio = to make.] To make or render trifling, silly, futile, or vain. Nui sau cer (nui'san-Qer), n. (Law) A person who causes a nuisance. Nul lah (nullah), n. [Mahratta, etc. nala=a sewer, a ravine.] A bed of a small river; a ra- vine; a gorge; also an arm of the sea. Nul li fi ca tion (nurii-fl-ea^tion), n. Specif- ically, in the United States, the act of an indi- vidual State by which it declared null and void an enactment of the general government as un- constitutional or illegal. Nul lifi er (nul li-fi'er), n. Specifically, in the United States, one who upholds the political doc- trine of nullification (q. v.). Numb ed ness (num'ed-n&ss), n. The quality or state of being numbed; numb- ness. [Obs.] "If the nerve be quite divided, the pain is little, only a kind of stupor or numbedyxess."— Wiseman: Surgery. Numbfish (num'flsh), n. {Ichth.) A popular name for Torpedo marmorata. Known as the Cramp-fish and Electric-ray. Nu mer ic al (nu-m6r/7ie-al), a. {Alg. and Arith.) A term which stands opposed to literal, and implies that the numbers composing a given expression are denoted by figures, and not by letters. A numeral equation is an equation in which all the quantities, except the unknown or variable quantities, are numbers. Numeral, as opposed to algebraical, is applied to the values of quantities; thus we say, that —5 is numerically greater than—3, although its algebraical value is less. The numerical value of an expression, in algebra, is the number obtained by attributing numerical values to all the quantities which en- ter the expression, and performing all the opera- tions indicated. Thus, the numerical value of a'2b— c2tf, where a=2, b=3, c = l, and d=2, is 10. Nu mer o (nu'mer-O), n. [Ital. and Fr., from Lat. numerus = number. ] Number; the figure or mark by which any number of things is dis- tinguished. (Abbreviated into No.) Nu mi da (ntl'mi-da), n. [Lat., from Gr. vo/uas =a nomad.] {Ornith.) The typical genus of the sub-family Numidinse. Bill shorter than head; lateral nostrils in cere at base of bill; head and upper part of neck denuded; wings short; tail short, deflected. Nine species are known, from the Ethiopian region, east to Madagascar, south to Natal and Great Fish River. Numida meleagris is the Common Guinea-fowl. Nu mis ma tist (nu-mis'ma-tist), n. One skilled in numismatics; a numismatologist. Num. mar y (niim'mar-y), a. [Lat. nummui= money.] Pertaining or relating to money. 4'They borrowed their nummary language from the Romans."-^Ruding: Annals of Coinagey p. 309 (Note z). Num mu lar y (ntirn'ma-lar-y-), a. [Lat. num- mularius.] Pertaining or relating to coin or money; resembling a coin. "This is instanced in the nummulary talent, ■which was in common use by the Greeks."—Rud- ing: Annals of Coinage, p. 278. 2. {Pathol.) Resembling money in its form. Used specially of the matter expectorated in phthisis, when it is rounded laterally while com- pressed. Nun (niln), n. Black nun: A nun wearing a black veil. Gray nuns-' {Rom. Cath. Ch.) An order of nuns who wear gray clothing: whence the name. The order was first established in Montreal in 1745, and in 1853 branches were estab- lished in the United States; also called Sisters of Charity of Montreal. Nun-buoy: A buoy of a spindle shape, or formed of two cones joined at their bases. Nun chion, Nun cheon (min'shun), n. A piece or share of food such as might serve for a luncheon. [Prov. Eng.] Nun ci ate (ntin'shi ate), n. [Lat. nunciatus. nuntiatus, pa. par. of nuncio, nuntio=to au- nounce.] One who carries a message; a messen- ger, a nuncio. [Obs.] "AH the nunciates of th' ethereal reign, Who testified the glorious death to man." Hoole: Jerusalem Delivered, bk. ix. Nun nish (nun'nish), a. Of or relating to nuns; characteristic of or becoming nuns. [Rare.] "All three daughters of Merwaldus king of Westmercians, entered the profeesion and vow of nunnish virginity.—Fox: Book of Martyrs, p. 120. Nup (ntip), n. A nupson; a fool. Nu phar (nti'phar), n. [Arab, nufar^a water- lily.] {Bot.) Yellow Water-lily; Brandy-bottJ e; the typical genus of the tribe or family Nuphar- idse. Nup son (ntip'son), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A fool, a dolt, a numskull. [Obs.] Nup tial (nup tial), n. A wedding, a marriage; nuptials. (Now only used in the plural. ) "She should this Angelo have married; was affianced to her oath, and the nuptial appointed." —Measure for Measure, iii, 1. Notation: nt: a, e, 1, O, O, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, ti, y, short; care, fftr, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; furl, ru.de,, pi?»h* «» o, silent; g as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 8 as z; x as gz; n as in lioger, link; tii as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.NURSE 546 NYSSA 3¥urse (nflrse), n. Wet-nurse: A woman who suckles another woman's child. Nurs er y man (n&rs'er-y-man), n. One who keeps a nursery; one who raises flowering plants, vegetables, or trees for sale. Sfui •se maid (nftrse'maid), n. A maid-servant employed to look after young children. Kurse name (ntlrse'name), n. A pet or nicic name. .\urse-pond (nftrse-pdnd), n. A pond for rear- ing young fish. "Kurt lire (n&rt'ttre), v. t. Syn.—See Nourish. Nut bone (nut'bone), n. (Farr.) A sesamoid bone at the posterior side of the pastern joint Nu tri tial, (nu-trl'shal), a. [Lat. nutritius = nutritious.] Nourishing, nutritious, nutritive. [06s.] "Diana... had nutritial rights With her borne-brother the far-shooting sun." Chapman: Homer; Hymn to Diana. HTn tri tious ness (nu-tri'tious n6ss), n. The quality or state of being nutritious. Nut shell (n Cit'shSll), n. To be (or lie) in a nut- shell: To be in a small compass; to be easily or briefly explained or determined. ^Notation: a, e, 1, 0, q, y, long; a, 6, i, 6, ii, f, s] push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h Ny© ti CO rax (n^ti-cO^rax), n. [Lat. from Gr. vvKTiK6pa^(nukti1corax)=the night-raven( ?); Pref. nycti-, and Gr. Kopag (fcoraa;) = araven.] (Ornith.) A genus of Herodiones, family Ardeidse. Bill very strong, compressed, rather longer than the head; nostrils basal, lores and orbits naked; legs slender, three toes before and one behind; claws short, falcated. Nine species are known, cosmo- politan. Nyctieorax europozus is the Common Night Heron. (Ardea nycticorax, Linn.) Nym phse a (nym-phse'a), n. [Lat. from Gr. vvfjL(j>a.La (numphaia), fem. of vv^aloq (numph- aios) = sacred to the Nymphs. So called because dedicated by the Greeks to the Nymphs.] (Bot.) White Water-lily; a genus of Nymphaeeceae family or tribe Nupharidse. Sepals four; petals expanded, white, blue, or red, in many series, the inner ones passing into stamens adnate to the disc; ovary many-celled, with the styles radiating on the top; fruit a berry with the nu- merous seeds buried in the pulp. Known species about twenty from various regions. Nymphcea alba is the Great White Water-lily. Nymph, al (nymph'al), a. [Lat. nymph(a) = a nymph. Pertaining or relating to nymphs; nymph- ean. ;; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, t&rm; plqu sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; Nymph al (nymph^l), n. 1. A short poem about nymphs; specif., one of the divisions of Dray- ton's Muses'1 Elysium. [06s.] 2. (Bot.) Of pr belonging to the Nymphales. —Lindley: Veg. Kingd. (ed. 3d), p. 407. Nymph o lep sy (nymph^o-l&p'sy), n. [Gr. vvfufrr) [numphe) — a nymph, and (lepsis) = a seizing; kafAfiavui (lamband), fut. \rj\jjonai (lep- somai)=to take, to seize.] A species of madness, ecstasy, or fascination, seizing anyone who looked upon a nymph in a stream or spring. £Rare.] "The nympholepsy of some fond despair." Byron: Childe Harold, iv, 115. Nymph o ma ny (nymph'o-ma'ny), n. Nymph- omania. Nys sa (njte'sa), n. [Linnaeus calls Nyssa the name of a nymph; it is better known as a mount- ain in Thrace producing excellent vines.] {Bot.) A genus of Alangiaceae, or of Cornaceae. Nyssa villosa is the tupelo, sour gum, black gum, or pepper ridge tree, of the United States. The wood is difficult to split. The subacid fruit of Nyssa capitata, or candicans, is sometimes called the Ogechee Lime, and used as a substitute for the common lime. firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, 0 as in linger, liok; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.JM. 547 NASSOLOGY N. N. The chemical symbol of nitrogen. Na< [For natrium, from Ar. natrun, native carbon- ate of soda. J (Chem.) The symbol of sodium. Ma (nfi). [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] No; not. Nab(nSb), n. 1. The cock of a gun-lock. Knight. 2, The keeper of a door-lock. Knight. Na be© (na-be'), n. Same as Bikh. Nab lock (n&tyiOk), n. Same aa Niblick. [Scotch.] Stormonth.' »Nat>ob ber y (ni'bSb-er-i), ». The nabob class. Nabobbery itself. Savage. Na bob ess (na'bob-es), n. A female nabob; wife of a rich man, especially of one who had made his fortune in India. Walpole. N&cll laut (nilk'lout), n. [G. nach, after, and laut% sound.] Lit. after-sound ; specifically ( Philol.), the second element in a diphthong or diphthongal sound, as in that which a often has. Nack et (n&k'et), n. [O. Fr. naquer, to snap, to bite.] [Scotch.] 1 • A small cake or loaf. 2* A luncheon; a piece of bread eaten at noon. Sir W. Scott. 3« A small parcel or packet. Nadde t (nftd). For nehadde. Had not. Chaucer. Nae thing (nfl'thing), n. Nothing. [Scotch.] Nag (nig), v. t. [N. and Sw. nagga, to gnaw, to ir- ritate, to soold ; G. naflren, Eng. to gnaw. J To scold pertinaciously; to find fault with constantly; to pester with continual complaints; to torment; to worry. [Colloq.] You always heard her nagging the maids. Dickens. Nag (n&g), v. i. To scpld pertinaciously; to find fault with constantly; aa, she is constantly nagging at me. [Oolloq.] Na ga (nft'ga), a. 1* The name of an ancient race ef people who appear to have invaded India about six oenturies before the Christian era. 2* A term applied to a number of tribes living on the borders of Assam, Afunnipoor, and Burmah. Na ga (nft'ga), ». 1. A class of mendieants in Hin- dustan going naked and carrying arms. 2* A member of one of the Naga tribe?. See the adjective. 3. {Hind. Myth.) A deified serpent. Nagyaglte (nflg'ya-glt), n. (Min.) Native tel- lurite of lead and gold. It occurs in veins at Nag- yog In Transylvauia, and also it is said at Whitehall, Virginia. Nab 1 eh (nft'lil), n. An Arabic name of the date- palm (Phoenix daotylifera). . Na ha as (na-hO'as), n. pi. The most ancient and generio name of the Aztecs and Toltecs of Mexico. Na, la (nft'ya), n. 8ee Naja. Na lad acese (na/yaf!-S"8e-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat- ural order of endogenous aquatio plants. Called also Naiades (which see). 'Naiades (nfi'yad-€z), n. pi. 1* (Bot.) Aquatic plants, otherwise called Naiades and Fiuviales. They form o natural order of endogens, consisting of plrnta living in fresh or salt water in most parts of the world. 2* (ZoOl.) Lamarck's name for a family of fresh-water lamellibranchs, comprising the genera Unio. Anodon, or Anodonta, and Margaritana. Na Id 1 d» (nWd'i-de). n. pi. (ZoOl.) The family or group of water-worms, of the order Oligocheta, distinguished by the fact that their locomotive ap- pendages are in the form of chitinous set® or bris- tles, attached in rows to the sides and ventral sur- face of the body. Na If (nfl-Cf), a. [Fr.] Ingenuous; artless: less common in this sense than naive. Natg (nfig), n. A nag. [Scotch.] NaSl-ale (nftTfTl),»-. A small flat single-cut file for trimming the finger nails. Tfa^S less (n&l'les), a. Having no nails; without nails. If&H-scla sors (nftl"sY8'erz), n. pi. Small scissors having files cut on the blades, for trimming the finger nails. If ail* wort (nfil;w6rt), n. • ( Bot.) A name given to the plant Draba oerna, as also to the Saxifraga tri- dactylites. Haln (nftn), a. [From mine atn, the initial n being borrowed from mine.} Own .—Hie wain, his own. [Scotch.] - Sir W. Sc«tt. Rain sell (nftn'sel ), n. {See Nain.] Ownself. (Scotch.] Sir IT. Scott. Wa la (niris), n. One of the Naldidte (which see). Hals sant (nls'ant), a. [Fr., ppr. of nattre, to be born, from Lat. nascor, natua, to be bora.] (Her.) A term signifying rising or coming forth. It is ap- plied to all living things when represented as issu- ing out of the middle of a fesse or other ordinary. Naith less (nath'less), adv. Nathless; neverthe- less. Na ive ty (na-€v'ti), n. Same as Naivete. [R.] Southey. Na ja (nS'ja), ) n. (ZoOl.) A genus of serpents in- Na la (nS'ya),) eluded in the family Elapid® (Ven- enosa) of the Colubrine section of the serpent or- der (Ophidae). Na ked-la dy (nS^ked-ia'di), ». (Bot.) A popu- lar name for the meadow saffron (Colchicum autum- nale), from the flower appearing without any leaf. Naiut(nftm). For ne am. Am not. Chaucer. Namf (nftm). pret. of nim. Took. Chaucer. Nam ay cash (n&m'a-kfish), n. [North American Indian name.] (Ichth.) The Salmo namaycush, a fish nearly allied to the salmon, inhabiting the great lakes and rivers of North America. Na maz (na-m&z'). n. The common prayer of a Turk. Name (nSra ), v. t.—To name a day or the day, to fix a day for anything; specifically said of a lady's fix- ing her marriage-day. Dickens. Name a ble (n5m'a-bl), a. Same as Nam able. Name-day (n&m'dS), n. (Stock Exchange.) In stock transactions, the day preceding the selling day. [Cant.] Na mo| (nfl-m (nan-kgnz'), n.pl. Trousers or breech- Nan kins J es made of this material. ' Humanity in nankeens.'. Lord Lytton. Nan o san rus fnSn'o-sa/'rus or n^'no-s^'rus),) Nan o satir (n&n'o-sar or nS'no-sar"), f n. [Lat. nanus, a dwarf, and saurus, a lizard.] (Pa- leon.) A fossil lizard-like animal belonging to the group Deinosauria, discovered in North America, and about the size of a cat. Na os (nft'os), n. [Qr. v*os, a temple.] (4rcfc.) The body of an ancient temple: sometimes, but erroneously, applied to the cella or interior. The space in front of the naos was called pronaos, a word which is hence frequently considered synony- mous with portioo, and the corresponding space at the rear of the naos was termed posticum. Nap (n&p), v. t. pret. and pp. napped; ppr. napping. To raise or put a nap on. Nape-crest (nflp'krgst), n. (Ornith.) A genus of West African birds (Schlzorhis) allied to the plan- tain-eaters, and resembling them in habit. Na pha-wa ter (na"fa-w§'ter), n. A fragrant per- fume distilled from orange flowers. Naph tha lene (n5p'tha-16n or ndf'tha-lSn ), n. 1* Same as Naphthaline. 2* Scheererite. Naph thyl a mine (nap-thtl'a-mTn or nSf-thll'a- mln), n. (Chem.) (CjoH9N.) A chemical base ob- tained from nitron aphthalene by reducing it with iron filings and acetic acid. It unites with Bcids to form crystallizable salts. It has a most disgusting smell. Solutions of it color pine boards yellow. Nap kin (n&p'kin), v. t. To wrap in a napkin: used with up. [B.] * Napkining... .the talent. Sanderson. Na po le o na (na-p ch. chain; g, co; j, job; ng, Ung; Qt, then; thin; w, trig; wh, whig; sh, asure; 00, food; oi, oil; • on, pound. ^ Oa this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in tlie latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.NASUA Na su a (nS'su-a), a. [Lat. nasua, a nose.] (Zodl.) A genus of South American plantigrade Mammalia of the order Ursidae, but beariug much resemblance to the Viverridae, distinguished by the elongation and upward curve of the snout. They climb trees in pursuit of birds, and burrow at the foot of large trees, and often undermine them. Natt(nat). For ne at. Nor at. Chaucer. Nat t (nat), adv. Not. Chaucer. Na tan tes (na-tSn'tez), n. pi. [Lat. natans, natan- tis, ppr. of nato, to swim.J (Entom.) A family of Araneldae or spiders, which live entirely upon or beneath the water, and are enabled by the hairiness of their bodies, especially on their under surface, to entangle and carry down" with them a supply of air for their respiration ; the water-spiders. Na tan ti a (na-tan'shi-a), n. pi. (ZoOl.) Illiger's name for the order of mammals which includes the dugongs, zeuglodons, dolphins and whales (Sireuia, Zeuglodontia, and Cetacea). Nat a to res {nut'a- or na'ta-tCrez), n. pi. [Lit. swimmers, from Lat. nato, to swim.] (Ornith.) An ordervof swimming birds* corresponding to the Palmipedes of Cuvier, characterized by a boat- ehaped body,.usually by a long neck, short legs placed behind th6 center of gravity so as to act as paddles, toes webbed or united by a membrane to a greater or less extent. TheNaialores are divided into four families — Brevipennatce, including the penguins, auks, guillemots, divers, and grebes; Longipennatce, comprising the gulls, terns, and petrels ; Totipalmatceor Steganopodes, the pelicans, cormorants, gannets, frigate-birds, darters, and others; Lamellirostres, the ducks, geese, swans, and .flamingoes. Natch nee (n&ch'nS), n. [Indian name.] Same as Eleusine. Nath f (nath^. For ne hath. Hath not. Chaucer. N«.t i ca (nSt'i-ka), n. [Lat. nato, to swim.] [ZoOl.) A genus of gasteropodous Mollusca, in which the shell is globose and ventricose. Na tic I dae (na-tls'i-de), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A family of gasteropodous molluscs, characterized by a glob- ular shell of few whorls, with shortened spire, the oater lip acute, and pillar often callous. Na tton (nE'shun), n. !• A division of students according to their place of birth for voting purposes, as in the Universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow, and formerly in the University of Parte. 2» t Family. Chaucer.—Law of nations. Same as International Law. Na tion (nS'shun), a. Immense; enormous. [Prov. Eng. and Amer.] Nation (nS'shun), adv. Very; extremely; as, a nation long way. [Prov. Eng. and Amer.] Na tion al (n&sh'un-al or n5 shun-al), a.—National air (Mus.), a popular tune peculiar to or charac- teristic of a particular nation; specifically, that tune which by national selection or consent is usually sung or played on certain public occasions, as • God save the Queen ' in England, 4 Hail 1 Colum- bia' in America, the 'Marseillaise' in France, the 4Emperor's Hymn' in Austria, etc. — National churchy the established church cf a country or nation.—National debt, the sum which is owing by a government to individuals who have advanced money to the government for public purposes,either in the anticipation of the produce of particular branches of the revenue, or on credit of the general power which the government possesses of levying the sums necessary to pay interest for the money borrowed or to repay the principal.— National 6ohool», schools organized and supported to a greater or less extent by government. Na tion al ism (nash'un-al-izmor na'shiva-al-Tzm), n. In Ireland, the political programme of the part y that desire* more oi less complete separation from Great Britain. Na tion al ist (nSsh'un-al-ist or nS'shun-al-ist), n. 1* (Theol.) One who holds to the ©lection of nations in contradistinction to that of individuals. 2. In Ireland, a supporter of Nationalism. Na tive (nS'tTv), n. 1. An oyster raised in an arti- ficial bed. Such oysters are considered far superior to tho»e dredged from the natural beds. The name would seem to be more appropriate to the latter. [Eng.] 2* (Stock-breeding.) A term applied to an animal of common or impure breed, or to any of the live stock found in a distr'et or region, excepting such as are of pure and krfe blood. [U. S.] Na tiv i ty (na-tlv'irti), n. A pioture representing the birth of; Christ." Nat ter (nSl'er), v. i. To nag; to find fault. [R.] Her nattering habit. George El let. Nat tered(n&terd),a. Querulous; impatient. [R.] ' Mrs. Gs. a ship, ponrj, inclination, and nerpov, a meas- ure. J An instrument for measuring the amount of a ship's heel or inclination at sea. Admiral Smyth. Nausltyt (ns'sl-tijt n. Nauseation; aversion; loathing; disgust. Cotton. Nautcli (n$ch), n. In the East Indies, an enter- tainment which consists chiefly in witnessing danc- ing by professional performers called nautch-girls. Nautcli-girl (nach'gerl), n. In the East Indies, one who performs in a nautch; a native dancing- girl, who is generally a courtesan. They caught them round the waists, and began to haul them about as if they were nautch-guU. IF. H. Russell. Nautili die (n&-tiri-dS), )n. pi. (ZoOl ) A Nau ti la ce a (na ti-13 'se-a), J family of cepha- lopodous molluscs, constituting with the Ammoniti- dse or ammonite family the order Tetrabranchiata. Nau ti loid (na/til-oid), a. [Lat. nautilus, and Gr. elSo?, likeness.] Resembling the nautilus: a terra applied to the many-chambered shells, or rather cell-cases, of those foraminifera whose coils pre- sent externally a resemblance to the nautilus. Page. Nau ti lus (n§'ti-lus). n. A form of diving-bell which requires no suspension, sinking and rising by means of condensed air.—Nautilus propeller, a hy- draulic device for propelling ships. Na vag i um (na-vSj'i-um), n. [Lat. navis, a ship.] A duty on certain tenants to carry their lord's goods in a ship. Dugdale. Na val (nS'val). a.—Naval croum, amongtheancieot Romans, a crown adorned with figures of prows of ships, and conferred either on a naval commander who gained any signal victory or on the one who first boarded an enemy's ship. In heraldry the na- val crown is formed with the sterns and square sails of ships placed alternately upon the circle or fillet. —Naval stores, pitch, rosin, tar, and turpentine. [U. 8.] Nave (nSv), n. f The navel. He unseamed him from nave to chaps. Shak. NECHOCAI^YX Nave-hole (nSv'hOl}, n. The hole in the center ot a gunrtruck for receiving the end of the axle-tree. Admiral Smyth. Navel (nfi'vel), n.—Navel-bolt, in ships, the bolt which secures a carronade to its slide. Na vie u loid (na-vik'fl-loid), a. [Lat. navicula, din}-of nat'ts, vessel, and Gr. clSos, shape, form.] Resembling a boat; having the form of a boat; na- vicular. Nav i ga tion (nSv/i-ga/'shun), n. A portion of a navigable river under cognizance of commissioner® for the purposes of navigation. [Eng.] Na vy-bean (nS'vi-bgn), n. See under Bean. Na vy-bill (na'vi-bll), n. 1. A bill drawn by an officer of the royal navy for his pay, etc. 2* A bill issued by the admiralty in payment of stores for ships and dockyards. [En&.] Na vy-yard (na'vi-yflrd), n. A ship-yard where the war vessels of a national navy are constructed and repaired, and in which they lie. Na wab (na-wat/ or na-v5b'), n. [Hind.] A title given by courtesy to persons of high rank in In- dia ; the viceroy of a province; a nabob; a deputy ruler. Nb. (Chem.) The symbol of niobium. Ne f (ne), con]. Nor. Shak, Ne?*?fire J C^d'flr), n. See Need-fibb. Ne arc tic (ne-ark'tik), a. f vio%. new,'and Eng. arctic.] One of the six regions into whjob zoologists divide the surface of the earth, baseu Zu rheir char- acteristic fauna or collection of animal life. The Nearctic region extends throughout America down to the isthmus of Tehuantepec. Written also Nev- arctic. Near»dwell er (nS^'dw^rei A neighbor. Keats. Near-hand (nSr'hSnd), a. Near;ntgn. [Scotch.] Near-liand (n6r'h&nd), adv. Near-at-hand ; near- ly ; almost; closely; intimately. [Old Eng. and Scotch.] bacon. 'Neath (n6th), adv. and prep, [Contracted from aneath.'] Beneath. Neat herd ess (nSfhSrd-es), n. A female neat- herd ; a neatresa. Herrick. Ne ba 11 a (ne-bS'li-a), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of ento» mostracous crustacea, belonging to the order Phyl- lopoda, and containing two or more interesting British species. Neb rls (nSb ris), n. [Gr.] A fawn's skin worn as a part of the dress by hunters and others. In works of art it is the characteristic covering of Bacchus, bacchanals, fauns, and satyrs. Neb u la (nSb'fl-la), w. (Astron.) The name given to certain celestial objects resembling white clouds, which in many cases when observed through tele- scopes of sufficient power have been resolved into clusters of distinct.stars. Nebulae have been classi- fied as follows:—(a) clusters of stars either of a globular or irregular form, in a more or less ad- vanced state of concentration. (b) Resolvable neb- ulce, differing from clusters in having no vi6ibl® outlying branches, (c) Irresolvable nebulce% of ellip- tic, spiral, annular, and irregular forms, (d) Plan- etary nebulce, so called because they slightly resem- ble in appearance the larger planets, (e) Nebulous star, a bright star often seen in the center of a cir- cular nebula, or two bright stars associated with a double nebula, or with two distinct nebulaa near each other, (f) Irregular nebulce, which are unlika all other forms of nebulae, and seem to consist of fantastic convolutions of nebulous matter. Neb u lize (ngb'tl-llz), v. t. To reduce (a liquid) into spray for cooling, perfuming, disinfecting, or other purposes ; to atomize. Neb ule-mold ing (n8b/tll-m01d//ing), n. Sam® as Nebuly-molding. Gwilt. Neb u list (nSb'tl-list), n. One who upholds the nebular hypothesis. Page. Neb u lous ness (nSb'fl-ltis-nes), n. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness. Bp. OauAen, Neb u ly (nSb'tl-li), o. Covered or ornamented with wavy lines. Neb u ly (ngb'fl-li), n. (Her.) A line of partition of a wavy form. 111. PI. 13, Fig. 20. Nebuly-molding (n6b"il-li-m01d/ing), (Arch.) An ornament in Norman architecture, the edge of which forms an undulating ot waving line, and which is introduced in corbel-tables and archl- volts. Nec es sa ri an ism(ngs/es-sa//ri-an-izm),n. Th®. doctrine of philosophical necessity;' the dootrine that the determination of the will is necessitated by the influence of motives. Ne ces sism (ne-sgs'slzm), n. Same as NecessarU anism. Contemp. Rev, Ne ces si ta rl an ism (ne-sSs'sl-ta^ri-an-Izm), n. Same a" Necessarianism. Ne ces si ty (ne-sgs'i-ti), n.—Doctrine of necessity, the doctrine that the will is absolutely determined by motives in all its volitions.—Logical necessity, that which consists in the circumstance that some- thing cannot be conceived different from what it is-. —Physical necessity, that which arises from the laws of the material universe. This necessity is conditional, not absolute. Necho calyx (n6/ko-ka//lik8), «. [Gr. to swim, and icdAv£, a cup.] (ZoOl.) The disk or swimming bell of the jelly fish, or medusa.' See Neotocai/tx. Notation : ft, 6,1, 0, H, long; &, 6,1, 5, fi, short; a. e, 1, o, u, obscure; f&r, f^ll, f$st, c&re; hdr, mOve, cr; byII, a, Fr.; fi, Fr., ton ; fjtT On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor« cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.NECK Neck (n6k), n.—To tit neck and heels, to punish by forcibly bringing the chin and knees of the culprit close to each other, and keeping them in that state for a certain time. Neck (n5k), n. (Scand. Myth.) A mischievous, tricksy sprite. See Nrx. Neck (n§k), v. t. To behead; to decapitate; to strangle. Shall see him neck*rL Keats. Neck-and-neck (nSk-and-nSk), a. Even; level; equal: used particularly in reference to horse-rac- ing, and hence to any kind of competition. Our lots in life, since at Harton we ran a neck-and- neck race, have been very different. Farrar. Neck-baud (nSk'Mnd), «. The part of a shirt which surrounds the neck, and to which the collar is attached. Necking (ngk'ing), n. (Arch.) The annulet or series of horizontal moldings which separates the capital of a column from the plain part or shaft. ~ Ency. Brit. Neck let (nSk'let), ». [Formed on the type of bracelet.'] A small chain, usually of gold, worn round the neck for suspending a locket or other article of jewelry; a necklace. Neck-or*notli lug (nfk/'or-nfith'ing), a. Involv- ing great risk; extremely dangerous; desperate; ae, a mad neck-or-nothing freak. Dickens. Neck-wear (ngk'wAr), n. Things worn about the neck: a term collectively applied to collars and cravats. [Colloq.] Nee ro bl o sis (nCk'ro-bi-O'sis), ». [Gr. voxpos, dead, and fttweris, from /3to?, life.] (Med.) The de- generation or wearing away of living tissue, Virchow. Nec ro bl ot Ic (ngk'rO-bl-Cf'ik), o. Of, pertain ing to, or characterized by, necrobiosis or destruct- ive degeneration of living tissue. . Ne crog e nous (ne-kroj e-nQs), a. [Gr. veicpos, dead, and yewau>, to produce.] (Bot.) A term ap- piied to certain cryptogamio parasites affecting sickly and dead plants, by which the death of the former is accelerated. Ne crol a try (ne-krOl'a-tri), n. [Gr. vexptfc, dead, and Aa-Tpeia, worship.] Excessive veneration for or worship of the dead. Nec ro man cing (n6k"ro-miln'8ing), n. The art or practices of a necromancer; conjuring necro- mancy. 'Witchcraft, necromancy, and so on.' R. A. Proctor.—Used also adjectively. 'The mighty necromancing witch.' De Quincey. Ne cropli a ga (ne-kr6fa-ga), n. pi. [Gr. vticpos, dead, and ayw, to eat.] (Entom.) An extensive group of clavicom beetles, comprehending those which feed on dead and decomposing animal sub- stances. V Ne croph 11 ism (ne-kr5fil-Izm). n. An unnatu- ral and revolting love or appetite for the dead, maa- ifested in various wayp, as living beside dead bodies, exhuming corpses to see them, kiss them, or muti- late them ; the tendency sometimes developing into a sort of cannibalism. Nec ro pho bl a (nek'ro-flVbi-a),) n. [Gr. vexpo?, Nec ro pho by (nek"ro-fO bi), J <..... 0os, fear.] 1 • A horror of dead bodies. 2. Exaggerated fear of death, a symptom occur- ring in persons suffering from certain diseases. s Dunglison. Nec rop sy (nSk'top-si), n. [Gr. v«icp. Necessarily; of necessity; needs. Chaucer. Ned dy (nfid'i), ». A familiar name for a donkey. dead, and 4>o- 549 Jl^e (nil), pp. [Fr., from Lat. natus, pp. of itascor, to be born.] Born: a term sometimes placed be- fore a married woman's maiden name to indicate the family to which she belongs; as, Madame de Sta81, nee Necker, that is, Madame de Sta&l, born Nocker, or whose family name was Necker. Need (n6d), n.—At need, at one's need, at a time of greatest requirement; in a great exigency; in a strait. Who will help him at his need. Tennyson. Need-be (n6d'b€), n. Something compulsive, in- dispensable, or requisite; a necessity. 'A need-be for removing.' Carlyle. Need fire (nSd'flr), n. [Lit. fire of need or neces- sity ; another name was forced fire.] A flre pro- duced by the friction of one piece of wood upon another or a rope upon a stake of wood ; hence, in certain mythologies, it was regarded as a symbol of the sun-god. Sir W. Scott. Written also Neat- fire^ Nydfire. Need ful (nSd'ful), a.—The needful, anything nec- essary or requisite; specifically, ready money. [Colloq. or slang.] Nee die (nG'dl), n. 1. A long taper piece of Iron, with a copper point, or all copper, used when stamp- ing the hole for blasting, to make by its withdrawal an aperture for the insertion of the fuse. Some- times called a Nail. 2. (Arch.) Apiece of timber laid horizontally and supported on props or shores under some su- perincumbent mass to serve to sustain it tempo- rarily while the part underneath is undergoing re- pair. Nee die (ng'dl)-, n.—Needle-case, a email case for holding needles.—Needle-gun, a rifle which is load- ed at the breech by a cartridge containing a small quantity of detonating powder, which becomes ex- ploded by the rapid darting forward of a needle or small spike. This firearm, which was formerly used in the Prussian army, is now superseded by breech-loaders of superior efficiency.—Needle-tele- graph, a telegraph in which the indications are given by the deflections o£ a magnetic needle whose normal position is parallel to a wire through which a current of electricity is passed at will by the ope- rator. E. H. Knight.—Needle-threader, a device of various forms.to assist in passing a thread through the eye of a needle.—Needle-work (Arch*), the curi- ous framework of timber and plaster with which many old houses are constructed.—Needle-worker, one who works with a needle; a needlewoman.— Needle-zeolite, same as Natrolite. Need ly (ngd'li), a. Prickly; bristling. 'Hisblack, needly beard.' Blackmore. Need na (nSd'na). Need not. [Scotch.] Need-not (nSd'nOt), n. Something unnecessary; a superfluity. Fuller. Neem (n6m), n. (Bot.) The Neem-lree. Neem-tree (nSm'trS), n. (Bot.) Same as Margosa- tree (Melia Azadirachta). See Melia. Neep (nSp), n. [A. Sax. tucpe, a turnip.] A turnip. [Scotch.] Neer(nSr), n. See Neir. Ne'er-be-iick it (n&r/'be-irk'it). Nothing which could be licked up by dog or cat; nothing whatso- ever ; not a whit. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Ne'er-do-weel (nfcr'da-wgl), a. Likely never to do well; past mending. [Scotch.] Ne'er-do-weel (nftr'da-wel), ». One whose con- duct gives reason to think that he will never do well; a good-for-nothing; a worthless person. [Scotch, j It was only somo drunken ne'ernto-weel finding his way home. Dickens. Ne'er-touched (nftr'tficht), a. Inviolate; chaste. 'The ne^er-touchei vestal.' Shak. Ne fast (nS'fast), a. [Lat. nefastus, impious, un- lawful.] Detestably vile; wicked; abominable. [R.] Lord Lytton. Neg a tive (n6g'a-tlv), a. (Photog.) Applied to a picture in which the lights and shades are the op- posite to those in nature. See Negative, n.—Neg- ative index of a logarithm (Math.), one that is af- fected with the negative sign; such are the indices of the logarithms of all numbers less than unity.— Negative pole (Elec.)%t the metal, or equivalent, placed in opposition to the positive, in the voltaic battery. The negative may be coke, carbon, silver, platinum, or copper ; the positive is usually zinc.— Negative radicle (Chem.), a chlorous radicle.—Neg- ative servitude (Scots Law), see under Servitude. —Negative well. Same as Absorbing well. Neg a tive (nSg'a-tlv), n. (Photog.) A photographic picture on glass or paper, in which the lights and shades are the opposite to those in nature. Neg 11 gen cy (nSg'li-jen-si), n. The habit of omitting to do things, either from carelessness or design ; negligence. ' The negligency of that trust which carries God with it.' Emerson. Neg 11 gi ble (nSg'li-ji-bl), a. Capable of being neglected; that may be neglected or disregarded with impunity: applied to anything which may be neglected, as infinitely small quanties in mathemat- ics. Sir J. Herschel. Ne go ti' a hie (ne-gO'ehi-a-bl), a.—-Negotiable in- struments (Law), those instruments the right of action upon which is, by exception from the com- mon rule, freely assignable from one to another, such as bills of exchange and promissory notes. Ne gril lo (ne-grll'lo), n. See Negbxto. Ne gri to (ne-grl'( or grS7) to), > n. and a. [Dim. of ) neffro.] (Ethn.) Ne gril lo (ne-grll'lo), NEMEAN A name given by Spaniards to the Alfouroms, dimin- utive, negro-like tribes, inhabiting the Philippine Isles, not exceeding on the average 4 feet 8 inches in height. Ne gro-ca chex y (n6//gro-ka-k6ks/i), n. A pro- ~ pensity for eating dirt, peculiar to the natives of the West Indies and Africa. Ne gro-fly (nS'gro-fll), n. (Entom.) The Psilarosce, a dipterous insect, so named from it§ shining black color. Also called the Carrot-fly. ; Negroid (nC'groid), >a: Resembling negroes; Ne gro old (nS'gro-oid),) having negro charac- „ teristics: applied to the negro races of mankind and tho.se approaching them in type. The negroid type of Africa is divided between the Ne- groes proper and the Bushmen of the extreme south, the Hottentots being considered a cross-breed between, these two races. Nature. Ne gro's-liead (nS'grOz-hgd), n. (Bot.) A name given to the ivory-palm (Phytelephaa macrocarpa), from the appearance of its fruit. Neighf (na), )a. and adv. Nigh; near by; Neigh ef(na/e), y close: spelled also neih, neyh. / Chaucer. Neir ) (nSr), n. [D. m'er, Icel. nyra, Dan. nyre, G. Neer y niere, a kidney.] A kidney. [Scotch.] Sir D. Lyndsay. Neist (n£st), adv. Next. 'And neist my heart I'll wear her.' [Scotch.] Burns. Neist (nest), a. Nighest; next. [Scotch.] Ne ith (nS'ith), n. (Egypt. Myth.) An ancient Egypt- ian goddess worshiped especially at Sais, and hav- ing some of the characteristics of the Greek Atheng. Neive (nev), n. The fist. [Scotch.] Neiv ie-siick-naek (ngv'i-nlk-nSk), n. A sort of game among children, in which the performer re- peats the rhyme— ' Neivie, neivie, nick-nack,' etc. [Scotch.] Ne lumbi um (ne-lfim'bi-um), n. [From Nelum- bo, the Cingalese name of the best known species.] (Bot.) A group of Nyrr.phseace© inhabiting the fresh waters of the temporate parts of the world, and producing large polypetalous flowers with numerous stamens. They are readily known by their carpels being distinct, one-sided, and buried in the cavities of a large truncated fleshy receptacle, which eventually forme a broad hard bed filled with holes, in each of which there is a single ripe nut or seed. The best known species is the Nelum- bium speciosum, the Hindu and Chinese lotus. Ill» PI. 14, Figs. 1 and 2. Nelum bo (ne-lum'bo), n. (Bof.) The Hindu and Chinese lotus (Nelumbiu.n speciosum). See Nelum- bitjm. Ne mas an (ne-m6'an), o. Same as Nerriean, which is the better spelling. Nem a tel mi a (n§m'a-tSl//mi-a), n. [Gr. vrjiuia, i/rj/otaTo?, a thread, and eA/nii's, a worm.] (ZoOl.) The division of Scolecida comprising the rouncl-worms, thread-worms, etc. Nema theci um (ngm/a-thS//si-um), n. [Gr. vrifxa., a thread, and a sac.] (Bot. ) A case con- taining threads in some species of Sphaerococcus. Nem a to cyst (nem'a-to-slst), n. [Gr. v^na- to?, a thread, and kuVtis, a bag.] (Physiol.) A thread- cell of the Coelenterata. In its most perfect form it is an elastic thick-walled sac coiled up, in the in- terior of which is a long filament, often serrated or provided with spines. It is to their nematocysts that the power of stinging possessed by many of the Coelenterata, and notably the g«mus Physalia, is due. Nematoda (ne-mSt'o-da or 'm'a-tO^da), Nem a toid e a(ngm/a-toi"de- [Gr. vij/xa, vrjuar05, a thread, ar (ZoOl.) An order of entozo have a long cylindrical, av inarticulated body ; and a extending from the mo> worms. Nem a Code (nSm'a-tOn. An an- Nem a toid e <*" ^'^^oi'-de-an), y nuloid of the order Nem/ • 1 Nem a toid (• 1 [Gr. vrnxa, a thread, and elSo?, for-' - Thread-like.^ nematode. 1 Nem a ton* a (nSm'a-to-r ti//ra), n. pi. [Gr.l vrjfj.a, vrjfia' thread, and veOpo ^ a nerve.] (Zodl.) A divisior >he Radiata, includius aaiinaia of that c 3 have the nervous filaments ai>stinct- ly marT . 1 Nem & ,>hore (ngm'a-to-fOr), n. [Gr. i/iWs a thread, and epw, to carry.] (Zodl^ crotfal process found on the ccenosarc of certain, OJp tj(e Sertularida, containing numerous thread-cmjg at their extremities. Nemau sa (ne-m&'sa), n. (Astron.) Asmallplanevf or asteroid, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Laurent 22nd January, 1858, r. Ne me an (nB'me-an or ne-mS'au), a. The Nemean lion was a lion that committed great *&vages in Greece till slain by Hercules.— Nemean games (Greek Antiq.)% games or festivals, the same in character as those of Olympia, celebrated at Nemea every second year. os, resemblance.] mprising such as a filiform, naked, at alimeutary canal the anus; rouud- ZoOl.) One of the Nem- _eh, chain; g, 00• j, job; ng, sin?; Qz, then; th, thin; w,wig; wb^whigi zh, aeurej 00, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. g*~ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 71*HEMERTEAIT "Nemer te an (ne-m^'te-an), d. $0f or pertaining to the genua Nemertes. Nemer tidtne-mer'tid), n. (Zq&I.) An annuloid of the division Nemertida, order Turbellaria. Ne mer ti da (ne-nter'ti-da), n., pi. (ZoOl.) The 1 ribbon-worms,*a division of the order Turbellaria, of the 6ub-kingdom Annuloida. Ne mer tine (ne-m6r'tln), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Nemertes; nemertean. • II. Spencer. Ne moc er a (ne-mOs'er-a), ) n. pi. [Gr. ryua, Ne ina toe er a(n6/ma-tQ8//er-a), ) a thread, and Kepas, a horn.] (Zo&l.) A group of dipterous insects, including such as have long filiform antennae, usually of more than six joints. It comprises the gnats or mosquitoes and crane-flies: Ne mo glos sa ta (nS'mo-glb-sS'y.a), n. pi. [Gr. fij/ura, a thread, and yAwo-o-a, a tos, a grove, and <£iA«a, to love.] (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous annual plants belonging to the nat. order Hydro- phyllaoeaB*, with dfffuse brittle stems, pinnatifid leaves, and conspicuous flowers. Nem o rose (nSm'or-Os), a. [Lat. nemus, nemoris, a grove.] (Bot.) Growing in groves or among wood. Nempnef (ngmp'ne), )v.t. To name; to call. Nemp nenf (nSitfp'nen), y Chaucer. Ne o arc tic (n6/o-firk//tik), a. Same as Nearctic (which see). Ne o-Chris tlan (nS/o-krl9t//yan), a. 0tu per- taining to, or professing, neo-Christianity. Ne o-Cliris tian (nS'o-knsfyan), n. A professor of neo-Christianity; a rationalist. Ne o*€luris ti an i ty (nS'o-krls'ti-fln"^), ». Ra- tionalistic views in Christian theology; a liberal or advanced Christianity ; rationalism; neology. Neocomian (nS'o-kO^mi-an), a. [From Gr. veo9, new, and a village, alluding to Neufchd- tel in Switzerland.] (Geol.) A term applied to the lowest of the cretaceohs deposits, being the lower greensand and wealden. Sir C. Lyell. Ne o cos mic (n6/o-k5z"mik), a. Pertaining to the present condition and laws of the universe: specifi- cally applied to the races of historic man. . Ne oc ra cy (ne-Ok'ra-si), n. [Gr. ve'os, new, and *pa- ros, power.] Government by new or inexperienced officials; upstart rule or supremacy ; collectively, raw officials. Ne o gae an > (ne'o-gS^an), a. [Gr. veos, new, and Ne o ge an J yr}, yea, the earth.] Relating or be- longing to the New World or America; as, neogean species. o gene (n6'o-jSn), a. .,[Cfcyrelfc, new, and yeVo?, birth.] (Geol.) A name given by some European geologists to the pliocene and miocene tertiaries to distinguish them from the eocene strata. Ne o-liat in (nS^o-liU'in^a. [Gr. veos, new, and Eng. Latin.] 1. New Latin, a term applied to the Romance languages, as having grown immediately out of Lat- in. Edin. Rev. 2* Latin' as written by authors of modern times. Ne o 11 tli ic (nS'o-lIth^ik), a. [Gr. ve'o?, new, and Ai0os, stone.] (Archceol.) A term applied to the more recent of the two periods into which the stone age has been subdivided, as opposed to palceolithic. Ne- olithic implements are finely shaped and polished, aud are found in connection with the remains of ex- tinct animals. Ne o me nl a (ne -mS^ni-a), n. A heathen festival of the new moon -mor^fa), n. [Gr. veos, new, ■ %ith.) A genus of long-beaked, ' iund in New Zealand. j5/o-fi-16s//o-fer),». A new Ne o fnor plia and floppy, form. black-plumaged b Ne o plil los o p, philosopher or a pL . or views. Ne o pbron (ne'o-frt birds of the vulture * (N. percnopterus) inhabi and Asia. + Ne o phytefnS'o-frt), n. t " a plant.] (Paleon.) Afoe,s^- ruost recent or tertiary p ^rioi tending from the chalk r*pwara Ne o piiyte (nS'o-flt). 1* .some state. ' Your ne ophyle play 2. (Paleon.) Rei ating or belo. ofneophytes. N© o pla o-pia"zha or nS [Gr. vec^t new, and jrAd7 which a part is restored. It may be either by autoplasty, granulation, or adhesive inflamma- tion. Ne os sine (ne-Os'In), ». [Gr. peooma, pcoma, a bird's nest, veovt6v, t belonging to the vossil botany, ex- vly entered on B. Jonson. g to the age 'h^ya), n. ; ®hysiol.) sh or- regarded as a delicacy by the Chinese. 550 Ne o tecli nlc (n6''o-tek//niii;, a. jGr. viot, new, and art.] (Archceol.) Pertaining or belong- ing to prehistoric art. i Neotechnic labors.' Dr. D. Wilson. Ne ot er Ism (ne-Qt'er-izm), n. 1. The introduce tion of a new word or phrase into a language. 2* A word or phrase so introduced ; neologism. Fitzedward Hall. Ne ot er Ize (ne-Ot'er-iz), v. i. To coin new words or phrases; to neologize. Fitzedward Hall. Ne ot rag us (ne-5t'ra-gus>, n. [Gr. yeos, new, young, and rpayos, a goat.] (ZoOl.) The name given by some zoologists to the genus of antelopes, of which the Abyssinian madoqua is the best known species. Ne o trop Ic al (nS/o-tr5p//ik-al), a. [Gr. ve'os, new, and Eng. tropical.] (Geol.) A term applied to one of the six regions into which zoologists divide the surface of the earth, based on their character- istic fauna or collection of animal life. The Neo- tropical region includes Central America south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and South America. Ne ot tl a (ne-Ot'i-a), n. [Gr. veorrtd, a nest of young birds, from fcos, young, in allusion to the interwoven fibers of the roots.] (.Bo*.) A small genus of Orchidacese, nearly allied to Listera. Ne ot tl e «e (.n6'ot-tI//e-€), n. (Bot.) Same as Neot- tia (which see). Ne o zo Ic (n6'o-z0"ik), a. [Gr. ye'os, new, recent, and life.] (Geol.) A name under which Prof. E. Forbes proposed to include all the strata from the beginning of the trias up to the most recent de- posits ; the meaozoio and cainozoic of other paleon- tologists. Ne pa (nS'pa), n. [Lat., a scorpion. An African word.] (Entom.) A genus of hemipterous insects of the family Hydrocorisse, the species of which are popularly known as water-scorpions. Ne paul-pa per (ne-p^'piTper), n. A strong un- sized pap«r, made in Nepaul from the pulverized bark of the Daphne papyracaa. Ne pen tlia ce se (ng'pen-tha^se-S), «. pi. (Bot.) A small nat. order of climbing plants inhabiting the damper and warmer parts of Asia, the Indian Archi- pelago, and Madagascar, and having, at the ends of the leaves, large hollow pitcher?, furnished with a lid, and containing a limpid and slightly acid fluid. Ne pen tlies (ne-pSn'thgz), n, (Bot.) Pitcher- plant, a genus of plants, nat. order Nepenthaceae. See Nepenxhaceje and Monkey-cup. Nepli (nSf), n. (Egypt. Myth.) An ancient divinity worshiped in Ethiopia and the Thebais, represent- ed as having a ram's head with curved horns. Writ- ten also Nouf. Nepli al ism (n6f'al-!zni), n. [Gr. i/rj^aAio?, sober, from to abstain from wine.] The principles or practice of those who abstain from spirituous liquoy ; teetotalism. Nepli al 1st (n6f'al-Tst), n. One who practices or advocates nephalism or total abstinence from intoxi- cating drink; a teetotaler. Nephelite (nef'e-llt), n. Same as Nepheline. Ne phe II urn (ne^f6'li-um), ». [Lat., burdock.] (Bot.) A genus of tree belonging to the nat. order Sapindaceae. Nepli e lo dom e ter (nfife-lo-dSm^et-er), n. [Gr. ve€Aij, a cloud, ofio?, way or course, and measure.] An instrument for ascertaining the dis- tance and speed of the clouds. Nepli e loid (n6f'el-oid), a. [Gr. fe^eArj, a cloud, and etSos, likeness.] (Med.) A term applied to cloudy urine. Dunglison. Nepli rel min thlc (ngf/rel-mln//thik), a. [Gr. fc^pov, pi. i/6pot, the kidneys, and ek/iivs, EXftivOos, a worm.] (Pathol.) Noting the presence of worms in the kidneys. Ne pliro di um (ne-frO'di-um), n. [Gr. ve<^pos, a kidney.] (Bot.) An extensive genus of ferns, dis- tinguished among their near allies by their kidney- shaped indusia. Nepli roid (ngf'roid), a. [Gr. vep6<;, a kidney, and elfios, likeness.] [JSof. and Med.J Kidney- shaped ; resembling a kidney; as, a nephroid fruit; a nephroid cancer. Nepli rops (ngf'rops), n. [Gr. vefooa kidney, and ii/f, an eye.] (Zoiil.) A subgenus of decapodous long-tailed crustaceans of the genus Homarus (lob- sters). Ne pliros ta (ne-frCs'ta), n. [Gr. vc<#>pos, a kid- ney.] (Bot.) The spore-case of lycopods. Nep 1 dae (nlp'i-dg), n. pi. (Entom.) One of the families into which Hydrocoris®, a section of heteropterous insects, are divided; the water- scorpions. Ne pot Ic (ne-pOt'ik), a. Of or belonging to nepo- tism ; practicing or displaying nepotism ; character- ized by nepotism. ' The nepotio ambition of the ruling pontiff.' Milman. Ne po tlous (ne-pO'shus), a. Addicted to nepotism ; over-fond of nephews and other relations. Southey. Nep tu nl nm (nep-ttTni-um), n. (Chem.) A sup- posed new element discovered in Connecticut col- . umbite in 1877, by R. Hermann. Sym. Np. Neer f j" adv' Nearer. Chaucer. N'er e f (nftr'e). For ne were. Were not.—IPere it, were it not. He trembled so that n'ere his squires besides To hold him up he had sunk down to ground. Fairfax. NEUK Ne re it (nS're-It), n. (Geol.) The name given botU to certain trails or tracks in the Silurian and other strata, and to the animals supposed to haveproduced them, from the latter being apparently allied to the existing Nereidae or sea-centipedes. II.' A. Nicholson! Ne re o cys tis (ne're-o-sis^tis), n. [Gr. Nyjpevs, a sea deity,|^nd kujtis, a bag.] (Bot.) A sea-weed of the natrorder Laainariaceffi which forms large floating islands on which sea-otlers rest. Ne rl ne (ne-rl'nS), n. [Lat.] A! genus of bulbous plants, belonging to the Amaryllis family. Ne fi ta ce a (n6 ri-ta^se-a), )n.-pl. (Zo6l.) A.fami- Ne rit I dae (ue-rlt'i-dS), ) ly of scutibranchi- ate gasteropoda, containing the genera Navieella, Nerita, and Neritina. Ne ri ti na (ne'ri-Wna), n. (Zo6l.) A genus of fresh-water mollusca, found in the East and West Indies, the Isle of France, etc. Nervation (nSrv-a'shuu), n. The arrangement or distribution of nerves; specifically (Bof.), the distribution of the veins or nerves of leaves. Called also Neuration and Venation. Nerve (n6rv), n. (Anat.) There are two systems of nerves : (a) those of animal life, or the cerebro- spinal nerves. (6) Those of organio life, the gan- glionic or great sympathetic nerves. In popular language nerves often signify the general tone ot one's system; constitutional vigor; as, his nerves are quite shattered. His nerves were wrong. Tennyson. Nerve (nerv), n. — Nerve-cell, Nerve-corpuscle (Anat.), one of the nucleated cells, occurring in great numbers in the gray portion of the brain and spinal cord, in ganglia, and in certain nerves and nervous expansions. Hoblyn. — Nerve-fiber, one of the primitive fibers of the nerves and of the white substance of the brain and spinal chord, occurring also in the gray substance and the ganglia. Hoblyn.—Nerve-instrument (Den- tistry), an instrument u.^ed. by dentists for obliter- ating or extracting the nerve in the root of a tooth, or for excavating and filling nerve cavities.— Nerve-needle, (a) (Dentistry) a tool used for broaching out the nerve canal, (b) (Surg.) An fiesthesiometer.— Nerve-tube, same as Nerve-fiber. Hoblyn. Nerve let (n^rv'let). n. A small nerve. Herrick. Nerv i-mo ter (nerv'i-mCter), ». An agent ca- pable of causing nervi-motion. Nerv ine (n6rv'In), n. The substance of which nerves are composed. Nerv ous (nerv'us),a.—Nervous centers, the organs whence the nerves originate, as the brain and spinal marrow.—Nervous fluid, the fluid which is supposed to circulate through the nerves, and which has been regarded as the agent of sensation and .motion. Nerv ore (nerv'ur), n. \ Fr. ] (Arch.) A name given to one of the ribs bounding the sides of a vaulted roof, as distinguished from the ribs which diagonally cross the compartment. Nes cious (nesh'us or nS'shi-us), a. [Lat. nescius, ignorant.] Destitute of knowledge ; ignorant. | Rev. T. Adams. Ne so don (nS'so-dOn), n. [Gr. vfjaos, an island, and ofious, oSovtos, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil mammalia, of the family Loxodontia, found in the pliocene of Patagonia. j Nest (ne:=t), n. 1. A connected series of cog-wheels or pulleys. j 2. A set of small drawers. ^ Nestor (nes'tor), n. (Ornith.) A genus of birds of the parrot family, connecting the parrots and cockatoos. Net (n6t), a.—Net proceeds, the amount or sum which goods produce after every charge is paid.—Net weight, the weight of merchandise after allowance has been made ior casks, bags, or any inclosing material.—Net measure (Arch.), that in which no allowance is made for finishing ; and in the work of artificers, that in which no allowance is made for the waste of materials. Net (net), n.—Net-loom, a loom or machine for weav- ing nets.—Net-making, the art of making nets.— Net-masonry, reticulated bond, the joints of which resemble in appearance the meshes of a net. Netli er lings (neth'er-lingz), n. pi. Stockings. [Ludicrous.] Dickens. Netli er ward (nSfh'er-werd), adv. Ina direction downward. Net ta pus (nSt'a-pus), n. (Ornith.) A genus of web-footed birds allied to the barnacle-geese, but of small size. Net ted (n&t'ed), p. a. 1* Made into a net or net- work ; reticulated. „ 2. (Bot.) Applied to reticulated venation; cov- ered with raised lines disposed like the threads of a net. Net ted-work (n5t'ed-w6rk), n. Work composed of meshes ; net work. Net ting-nee die (ngt^ing-nS'dl), n. A long nee- dle used by ladies for doing net-work. Net tle«bllgSit (nefl-bllt.)), n. The JEcidium ur- ticce, a parasitic fungus common on nettles. Net tie-tout ter fly (nSf'l-biit'er-fll), n. (Entom.) The popular name for a butterfly of the 6pecies Vanessa urticce. Neuf clia tel (nA-sha-tel"), n. A celebrated cream- cheese made at Neufchdtel-en-Bray, in France. Neufi: (nfik), n. A nook; a corner. 'Some are cozie i' the neuk.' [Scotch.] Burns. Notation : ft, 6,1,0, a, long ; 5, 6,1, 0, u, short, a, e, l, o, a, obscure; f&r, f&ll, f^st, c&re; h6r, mOve, or; bgll, 0, Fr.; t, Fr., ton; m- On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.NEURJ2MIA r® ml a (nfl-rS'mi-a), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve, end c l/xa, blood.] A purely functional disease of the norves. Layoookt Ken s*ie sale (nfi-rG'mik), a. Relating to neura- lgia. Tiou s°a p»ph y sis (ntl'ra-pOf'i-slu), n. J[Gr. m». bc: , a ne?'ve, otto4 from, and u«, to grow.J (4nat.) A portion of bone projecting from a vertebra, which < :-3isfca in forming the canal that protects the spinal caord; r.eural arches. ^eu ra Sion (nfl-rfl'shun), n. Same as Nervation; , specifically, the arrangement of the veins, or nerv- ures in the wings of Insects. Neu rec to my (ntl-rSklo-mi), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve, e*, out, and ro/m*?, a cutting.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting out a nerve or part of a nerve. Nen rl lem ma (nfl'ri-l£m"ma), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerre, and hippo, bark or covering.] (Anat.) The delicate membrane which Invests the substance of the nerves, and forms for each filament a distinct sheath. Neu rfl 1 Iy (nfl-rJl'i-U), ». The properties or function* of the nerves or nerve-fiber; that prop- erty which belongs to nerves of transmitting a stim- ulus-. W. K. Clifford,. Neu rln Hnfl'rfn), n. (Physiol.) Tbe matter of Neu rlne J which nerves are composed. One of the most Important substances or tissues entering into the composition or organic bodies. It exhibits two forms: the vesicular nervous matter, which is gray or cineritious in color and granular in texture, and contains nucleated nerve-vesicles; and the fi- brous nervous matter, which is white and tubular, though in some parts its color is gray and lis fibers . ecl'.d. Thomas. Ken r3 tls (nfl-rl'tis), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve.] (Med-.) An inflammation of a nerve. J?ou roe I ty (nfl-rOs'i-ti), ». Nerve force or ener- gy. Owen. KiU rog 11 a (nfl-rOg'li-a), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve, and yhia, glue, or cement.] (Anat.) Nerve-ce- Uioat. A term applied by Yirchow to the substance or oem?nt which binds the proper nervous ele- ments of a nerve together, and, to a certain extent, glv.^s to the whole its form. A remarkable pecul- iarity of neuroglia is, that in it are always found, greater or less number, minute corpuscles (termwd corpora amylacea), which, In their struct- ure and chemical properties, closely resemble veg- etable starch, Invariably becoming blue on the ad- dition of iodine. Called also Bind-web. Thomas. "Ncui ro«**iyp o gist (nfl'ro-hip-n01"o-jist), n. 0'id who is skilled in or who practices neuro-hyp- noiogy. Neti ro-liyp nol o |£y (nfi'ro-hlp-n81"o-ji)t n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve, vrrvos, sleep, and Aoyos, a dis- j course.] \ 2. Tbe dootrine of nervous sleep or animal mag- ; cetism. 2. The means or process employed in producing nervous sleep; mesmerism. Keos ro-Sayp no tism (nfl'ro-h!p"no-tizm), n. f ferno aa Neuro-hypnology (which see). Neil ro 1A mi tes (ntl'ro-li-mI"te*), ». (Med.) In- flammation of the neurilemma. Nen fo ma (ntl-rO'ma), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve.] (Fat hot.) A fibrous tumor formed on the tissue of a nerve; a morbid enlargement of a nerve. Nen 2PO patb ic (nfl/rO-pftth"ik), o. [See below.] (Pathol.) Applied to disease of a nerve or of the nerves. Neuropnttoy (nfl-rttjya-thi), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve, and iraOot, pain.J (Pathol.) A term applied generally to affections of tbe nervous system. Neu ro po di um (nU'rO-pO^di-um),». [Gr. vtv- pov, a nerve, and irou*, woio?, a foot.] (ZoOl.) The ventral or inferior division of the foot-tubercle of an annelid; often called the ventral oar. Neuropterls (nfl-r5p'ter-is), ». [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve, and wrtpit, a fern.] (Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns occurring abundantly in the Coal-measurea. Page. Nen ro sis (nG-rO'sis), n. * [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve.] (Pi thol.) A Dame common to all diseases having, or supposed to have, their seat in the nervous sys- toand believed i>y some authorities to rise from irritation of the b**ain and spinal marrow. Nea ro skel e ton (ntl'ro-skgr'e-ton), n. [Gr. vtvpov, a nerve, and skeleton.] (Anat.) The deSm-seated bones of vertebrate animals connected ; with the nervous axis and locomotion; endo-skele- r 'ton. [New. ros tbe nl a (nfl/ros-thS//ni-a), n. [Gr. v«0- pov, a nerve, and •/ Nig gard (iflg'erd), n. A false bottom for. a grate. Grose. 'Niggards, generally called niggers.' 'May- hew. [Eng.] oh^c/ialn; g, go; j, Job: ng, ging; Ox, then; th. thin; w, wig; wh. whiz; zh, asure: oo, food; el, oil; ou, pound, On this page will be found words, pbrases and definitions iJOT contained in tlie latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.NIGGED-ASHLAB Nlgged-ash lais ( nYgd-Ssh'ler ), n. (Arch.) A mode of dressing the surface of stone, in which the face 'is left rough, or dressed oniy with a pick or pointed hammer instead of a chisel; this kind of work i9 also known by the name of hammer-dressed. Nigger (nlg'er), n. 1. (Ichth.) Aspeciee of Holothurla, so called by the Cornish fishermen. It is very common in deep water off the Deadman. 2>» (Entom.) A local name for the larva of the eaw-fly Anthalia spinarum, so destructive to the turnip-crop. 3* A steam-engine employed in hoisting; espe- cially on shipboard, and on the Western and South- ern rivers. Knight. Nig ger (nlg'er), v. t. To burn log3, by placing thorn across one another and building a fire be. tween them. [Looal. U. S.]—To nigger off* to com- plete the burning of logs, etc., already charred by former fires. [Local. U. S. and Canada.] Nig ger ling (nlg'er-ling), n. A little nigger. [R.] Hood. ATfght (nit), n. and a.—Night-blindness (Med.), a dis- ease in which the eyes enjoy the faculty of seeing whilst the sun is above the horizon, but are incapa- ble of seeing by the aid of artificial light.—Night- butterfly., one of the nocturnal lepidoptera ; a moth. Night-chair, same as Night-stool. — Night-charm, same as Night-spell.—Night-churr, same as Night- jar. teoth names are from the bird's cry.—Nitjht- elothes, clothes worn in bed; sleeping-dross.— Night-fowicker (Gold-digging), one who robs a dig- ging by n£(;ht. See Fossica;. — Night -fossicking (Gold-digrjiny), the practice of robbing diggings by night.--Night-light, a short, thick candle or taper for burning at night in the bed-room, and which for safety is often placed in a dish of water.—Night- long, lasting a night; extending through a night. A night-long Present of the Past. Tennyson. —Night-magistrate, a constable of the night; the bead of a watch-house.—Night-piece, a piece of lit- erary composition descriptive of a scene by night. Hiu [Parnell's] night-piece on Dsath was indirectly preferred by Goldsmith to Gray's oelebrated Elegy. Robert Carruthere. —Night-porter, a servant who sits up all night in a hotel, infirmary, etc., to attend to arrivals and de- partures, etc. — Night-shoot, a place for casting night-soil.—Night-vide, the side or aspect presented by night; the dark, mysterious, ominous, or gloomy side. 'The night-side of nature.' Mrs. Crowe.— Night-sight, see Day-blindness. — Night-snap, t e night thief; one who steals in the night.—Night- stool, a bed-room close-stool; a bed-pan ; a portable water-closet for a bed-room.—Night-watchman, ono appointed to act as a watchman during the night.— Night-yard, a plaoe where the contents of cesspools, night-soil, etc., collected during the night are de- posited ; a night-shoot. Night er talef (nlt'er-tfil), n. [A. Sax. nihtetalc, lit. night tale Or reckoning; the r is an intrusive element.] The nocturnal portion of the day ; the night-time. Chaucer. Nightingale (nlt'in-gSl), n. [From Florence Nightingale.] A sort of flannel scarf, with sleevos, for persons confined to bed. Largely used by the sick and wounded in the Franco-German war, 1870- 71- Night in ga lize (nlt'in-ga-llz), v. i. To sing like a nightingale. [R.j Southey. Ni lull ism (nl'hil-lzm), n. {Russian Politics.) The doctrines or principles of the Russian secret society of Nihilists. Nihilist (nl'hil-Tst), n. 1* One who holds the doctrine or principles of nihilism ; one who favors or advocates the belief that nothing can be known or shown to exist. 2. (Russian Politics.) A member of a Russian secret society, the adherents of which mostly ac knowledge materialism as their philosophical creed, but are chiefly characterized by their social and political aims which embrace the overthrow of Rus- sian authority. Their leading idea, however, is that no considerable advance can be made by man- kind without an entire reconstitution of society, bo- ginning with a sudden economical reform, or ratbor revolution, the chief features of which must con- sist in the carrying out of the principle of common property in land, and of communistic principles generally. NI hil 1st (nl'hil-Ist), a. Nihilistic. NI hil 1st Ic (nl'hiWsf'ik), a. Relating to tho doc- trine of nihilism; characterized by nihilism; ae, nihilistic views. Nil ghan (nil'g^), n. Same as Nylghau. Nim ble-fing ered (nlm//bl.flng/gerd), a. Dex- terous—generally in a bad sense=given to pilfer ; as, fhe nimble-fingered gentry, that is, pickpockets. Nim boo ka (nim-bO'ka), n. An Indian name for the lemon. Nim 1 ni-plm i nt (nTm'i-ni-pIm'i-ni), a. [Prob- ably suggested by namby-pamby.] Affectedly fine or delicate; mincing. Mrs. Craik. Vim i ni-pim I nl (nlm'i-ni-plm'i-ni), n. Affect- ed fineness or delicacy. Nin t (nln). For ne in. / Not in ; nor in. Cfiauoer. Nine (nln), a.—Nine days' wonder, a subject ot as- tonishment and gossip for a short time, generally a petty scandal.—The vine worthies, famous person- ages, often alluded to by old writers and classed to- gether, like the seven wonders of the world, etc. They have been counted up in the following man- 552 ner: three Gentiles (Hector, Alexander, Julias Cesar); three Jews (Joshua, David, Judas Macca- beus); and three Christians (Arthur of Britain, Oharlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon). They were often introduoed in comparisons as to bravery. Ay, there were some present that were tho nine wor- thies to him. B. Jonson. Nine (nln), n.—To the nines% to perfection : gener- ally applied to dress, and sometimes implying ex- cess in dressing; as, he or she was* dressed up to the nines. [This phrase may perhaps be derived from old to then eyne, to the eyes, or to the nones, for the nonce or occasion.] Ninth (ninth), a.—Ninth part of a man, a jocular phrase applied to a tailor. Nl o be (nl'o-be), n. 1. (Greek Myth.) The daugh- ter of Tantalus, and one of the Pleiades, wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. Praud of her numerous progeny, she provoked the anger of Apollo and Ar- temis (Diana), by boasting over their mother Leto (Latona), who had no other children but those two. She was punished by having all her children put to death by ihose two deities. She herself was meta- morphosed by Zeus (Jupiter) into a stone which shed tears during the summer. 2. (Astron.) One of the newly-discovered plan- ets, first observed by Luther in 1861. Ni o be an (nT'o-bO'^n), n. Of or pertaining to Ni- obe ; resembling Niobe. Tennyson. Ni o bite (nl'o-blt), «. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Monophysite heretics founded by one Stephanie, eurnr.med Niubes, an Alexandrian rhetorician or sophist, who found it inconsistent with Monophysi- tibiu to say that our Lord'sdivinity and humanity, al- though united in one nature, yet retained unaltered the attributes corresponding to their proper essence. Rev. Orby Shipley. Nl O binm (nl-0'bi-um), n. [From Niobc. ] (Min.) A rare metal discovered in 1801 in a black mineral called columbite from North America. It is ob- tained by reducing the double fluoride Of niobium and potassium with 6odium; and forms a black powder insoluble in nitric acid, but readily solu- ble in a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids. Sym. Nb. At. wt. 68. Galled also Columbium. Nip (nip), n. (Naut.) (a) A shortturnin a rope. (6) The part of a rope at the plaoe bound by a seizing or caught by jamming. Nipadl tes (nI'pa-dI"tSz), n. (Paleon.) A fossil genus of palm nuts, occurring in the tertiary clays of-6heppey,so named from resemblance to the nuts of Nipafruticans, a plant of the screw-pine tribe. Nip c heese (nTp'ch€z), ». One of cheese-paring habits ; a skinflint. [Slang. Eng.] Nip per (nlp'er), n. 1. (Rope-making.) A machine formed of two steel plates, with a semi-oval hole in each, which enlarges or contracts as the tarring of the rope requires. 2• (Naut.) A hammock with so little bedding as to be unfit for stowing in the nettings. 3* A boy who waits on a gang of navvies, to fetch them water, carry their tools to the smithy, etc.; a boy who goes about with and assists a costermon- ger. [Eng.] Nip pel (nlp'er), v. t. (Naut.) To fasten two parts of a rope together, in order to prevent it from ren- dering.—Nippering the cable, fastening the nippers to the cable. Nip per-men (nTp'per-mSn), n. (Afouf.) Persons employed to bind the nippers about the cable and messenger. Nip per ty-tlp per ty ( nlp'er-ti-tTp'er-ti), a. Light-headed; siily; foolish; frivolous. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Nlrles (ndrlz), ». (Med.) A popular name of a va- riety of the skin disease herpes ; herpes phlyctceno- des, or miliary herpes of Bateman. [Eng.] Nil* va na (nir-vfl'na),». [Skr. nir, out, and vana, blown ; lit. blown out. J According to the teachings of Buddhism, the condition of one who has attained to the highest state to which a sentient being can reach, and has accordingly become free from desire for material or immaterial existence, from pride and self-righteousness and ignorance. One who has attained this condition will at death pass entirely out of existence. Nirvana is... .the same thing as a sinless, calm state oi mind ; and if translated at all, may best, perhaps, bo rendered holiness—holiness, that is, in the Buddhist sense, perfect peace, goodness, and wisdom. Rhys Davids. Nlsse } n* S®1110 as Nix (which see)* Nish u (nlsh'u), > n. A Japanese silver coin in the Ntsh 1 (nlsh'S), ) form of a thin oblong plate, equal to half the Boo, and worth about 17 cents. N'lst ef (nlst'e). For ne wiste. Knew not.—N'isten, for ne wisten,pl. knew not. Chaucer. Ni sub (nl'zus), n. [Lat., from nifor, to strive.] An effort; a conatus: stress. Nl tel la (nl-tel'a), n. [Lat. ntteo, to shine; lit. shining plants.] (Bot.) A genus of fresh-water al- gae, nat. order Characese. They are found in pools and rivulets. Nith er ling (nlCh'er-ling), n. See Niddebling. Ni tid (nl'tid), o. (Bot.) Having a smooth, even, polished surface, as many seeds. Nit i dons (nlt'i-d&s or nftid-us), a. (Bot.) Hav- ing a smooth and polished surface; nitid. Nl tl te le (nl'tl-te"ie), n. pi. [Lat. niteo, to shine, ' and fefa, a web.] (Entom.) A group of spiders of jsuvose the family Errantes or prowlers, so celled from the« silken weba.theiy throw out froiu their nests for the entanglement of their prey. Nltr-, ) A prefix employed in chemistry to denote NItro-. J the presence of the radicle nitryl (N02) in certain compounds; as niiraniline, niiranisic acid, nifro-benzamide, nitro-benzoic acid. Ni tram 1 din (nl-trfim'i-dln), n. (Chem.) An ex- plosive substance produced by the action of strong" nitric acid upou starch. Nl tran (nl'tran), n. (Chem.) Graham's name for the radicle NO3, which must be supposed to exist in the nitrates, when they are regarded as formed on the type of the chloride®, as nitric ucid (NO3H). Vfatts. Nl tra ri a (nT-trS'ri-a), n. [Lat. nitrum, niter.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the nat. order Zygophyl- laceae, natives of thef salt plains in Central Asia and Northern Africa. Ni trlde (.nl'trld or nl'trld),n. (Chem.) A compound of nitrogen with any other element or radicle, par- ticularly a compound of nitrogen with phosphorus,, boron, silicon, and tho metals. Nl trif er ous (nl-trlf er-us), a. [Lat. nitrum,, niter,, andfero, to bear.] Niter-bearing; produc- ing niter ; as, nitriferous strata. Ni trine (nT'trin), n. (Chejn.) A kind of nitroglyc- erine patented by Noble, a Swedish engineer, in. 1866. Ni tro-ben zol ) (nl'tro-b?n"z01), n. (Chem.) Ni tro-ben ;zole ) (C6H5N02.) Same as Nitro- benzide. Ni ti*o«cal cite (nT'tro-k?l//sIt),n. (Chem.) Native nitrate of lime. It occurs as a pulvoruleat ef- florescence on old walls and limeshmo rock?, has a sharp bitter taste, and is of a grayieh-whita color. This is said to bo the form in which theao-cali'id ni- ter for the most part occurs. Ni tro-com pound ( nl'tro-kftm"pound ), n. (Chem.) A compound of carbon which is formed from another by the substitution of the monatomic radicle N02for hydrogen. Ni tro ge ne ous (nrtro-je"ne-Qs), a. Same as Ni- trogenous. Smart. Nl trog en ized (nl-tr6j'en-lzd), a. Containing nitrogen.—Nitrogenized foods, nutritive substances, containing nitrogen. They have been termed by Liebig the plastic elements of nutrition.—Non-ni- trogenized foods are such as contain no gitrogen. According to Liebig their function is to promote- the process of respiration, and hence he terms them. elements of respiration. This classification of food compounds is not now much used. Ni tro gen Mon ox ide (nl tro-jen mon-Sks^Id), n. Same as Nitrous oxide. Nl tro-glu cose (nl'tro-glfl^kOs), n. (Chem.) An. organic substance produced by acting on finely pow- dered cane-sugar with nitro-sulphuric acid. In pho- tography it is added in very small quantities to col- lodion, with the view of increasing the density of the negative and rendering the film less sensitive to light. Nl tro-glye er Ine ) (nT'tro-glls^er-Tn), n. (C3H5. Nl tro-glye er In J N3O9.) A compound pro- duced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on glycerine at low tempera- tures. It is a light, yellow, inodorous, oily liquid, of sp. gr. 1*6, possessing a sweet, aromatic, pungent flavor, and isa powerful explosive agent, detonating when struck. Many explosive compounds have been made from it. Ni tro-hy dro chlor 1c ( nftro-hl'dro-klO'-'rib), a. (Chem.) A more recent term for nitro-muriatic. Ni tro le um (nl-trO'le-um). Same as Nitro-gtycer- ine. Knight. Ni tro-mag ne site ( uftro-mSg^ne-elt), n. (Chem.) A native hydrated nitrate of magnesia 1 found with nitro-calcite, which it resembles in col- or and other characters. See Nitbo-calcite. Brande. Nl trom e ter (nl-trCm'e-ter), n. [Gr. virpov, ni- ter, and /xcrpoy, a measure.] An instrument for as- certaining" the quality or value of niter. NI tro-naph tha lene ( nrtro-n3p"tha-15n or -nSf'tha-lSn), n. (Chem.) A derivative from naph- thalene produced by nitric acid. Ni tro-sul phu ric (nT'tro-sul-fQ//rik), a. (Chem.) Applied to a mixture of nitric oxide and sulphuric acid. The terra is also applied to an acid resulting from the mixture of one part of niter with eight or ten parts of sulphuric acid, which is said to be a useful agent for separating the silver from the copper of old plated goods. Ni trous (nftrfis), a.—Nitrous ether (Chem.) (Co H5NO2), a derivative of alcohol in which hydroxy! (OH) is replaced by the group NO^.—Spirit of ni- trous ether, used in medicine, is a mixture of nitrous ether with about four times its volume of rectified spirit. Ni trom-flam mans ( nl'trum -flSm^nz ), n. [Lat.] (Chem.) Nitrate of ammonium, so named from its property of exploding when heated to 600°. Nl tryl (nl'trll), n. (Chem.) (N02.) Nitric perox- ide, a monatomic chlorous radicle analogous to chlorine, bromine, etc., existing in nitric acid. Nl val (nl'val), a. (Bot.) Applied to plants which grow among snow or wh'ch flower during the winter. Nl vose (nS-vOz), n. [Fr.] Snow-month, the nakne given in the French revolutionary calendar to a winter month, beginning December 21 and ending1 January 19. Notation : , 5, 6,1, 0, fi, long; 8, 1, 5, fi, chort; », e, i, o, u. obscure; far, igtt, tore; h6r, mOve, or j bull, Q, Fr.;, ft, Fr., ton; gDSy* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.NIX Wlx fnlka), fin. (Teut. Myth.) The common Nix ie (nlks'i), > name of ail water spirits, good and bad. They were supposed to be capable of as- suming any shape at pleasure. The Scotch water- kelpie is a wicked nix. Sir W. Scott. 3Hz zard (nlz'erd), ». An inhabitant or native of Nice. "No acli i dae (no-ftk'i-de), n. pi. The immediate , families or tribes descended from Noah, or from Shem, Ham, or Japheth. Stormonth. Nob (ntib), n. [Fromfcnob.] (Ginnery.) The plate under the swing-bed for the head of an elevating screw. Knight.—One for his nob, (a) a blow on the head delivered in a pugilistic fight. [Slang. Eng.] (£>) A point counted in the game of cribbage for holding the knave of trumps. Nob(nOb),n. [A corruption of nobleman.] A mem- ber of the aristocracy ; a person of high social posi- tion; a swell. [Slang.] Nature's nobs felt with nature's nobs. Dickens. Nob bi ly (nQb'i-li), adv. In a nobby manner ; show- ily ; 6raartly. [Slang.] Nob ble (nSb'l), v. t. To get possession of dishon- estly ; to bteal. [Eng.] } The old chap had nobbled the young fellow's money. Thackeray. Nob bier (nQb'ler), n. 1. A finishing stroke; a blow on the head. [Slang.] 2. A thimble-rigger's confederate. [Slang.] 3. An Australian name for a dram of spirits. Nob by (n6b'i), n. [See Nob.] Applied to any- thing having an aristocratic appearance; stylish ; showy; fashionable; elegant; swellish; 6mart. [Slang.] Nob I le of fi ci um (nOb'i-15 of-ffsh'i-um), n. [Lat.] In Scotland, the power of the Court at Ses- sions in questions of equity, whereby it interposes to modify or abate the rigor of the law, and to a cer- tain extent to give aid where no remedy could be had in a court confined to strict law. ble (nO'bl), a.—Noble parts of the body, a name given by some anatomists to the vital parts, as the heart, liver, lungs, brain, etc. Dunglison. No blesse (no-bigs' or nO'bles), n. Same as Nnbless. Nob ley t (nQb'li or nO'bli), n. 1* Nobility or body of nobles. Chaucer. 2* Nobleness. Chaucer. Nob stick (n&b'stlk), n. Same as Knobstick. No cake (nO'kak), n. [Corruption from Indian nookik, meal.] A North American Indian dish made by mixing pounded parched maize with water so as to form a sort of paste. 'Nock (nOk), n. (Sail-making.) The foremost up- per corner of booin-suils, and of stay-sails cut with a square tack.—Nock earing, the rope which fastens the nock of the sail. Noc ti flo rous (n6k'ti-flfl"rus), a. [Lat. nox, noc- tis, night, and/Ioreo, to blossom, to flower.] (Bot.) Applied to plants which flower during the nigbt. Noc til i on i dse (nok-tll'i-0n"i-de),) ». pi. (Zo- Noc til ioni me (nok-tU'i-o-nl 'n<5 J, f 61.) A fam- ily of insectivorous cheiroptera (bats), which are destitute of nasal appendages. ~Noc ti lu cin ) (nOk'ti-hV'eln), n. (Chern.) The .Noc ti iu clue ) semi-fluid nitrogenous organic substance in phosphorescent animals which causes light, as in the glow-worm and the like. Rossiter. Noc to graph (nfik'to-grflf), n. [Lat. noxs noctis, night, and Qr. ypd n. pi. [From Lat. ncc- Noc tu i nae m6k'tu-I"n6), > tu, by night.] {En- tom.) An extensive family of nocturnal lepidop- terous insects, corresponding with the Linnasan sec- tion Phalcvna noctua. Written also Noctuce. Noc tur iia (nok-t6r'na), n. (Entom.) A family of lepidopterous insects which fly or are active chiefly during the night. It includes the Noctuidse. Noc tur nse (nok-t6r'nS),n. pi. (Omith.) A section of raptorial birds, including but one family, the Strigida) or owls. Noc tur nal (nok-t&r'nal), a.—Nocturnal aro ( As- tron.)% the arc described by any of the celestial bodies during the night.—Nocturnal flower#, those which close during the day and expand during the night. Noc turne (nok-t&rn' or n&k't&rn), n. [Fr.] 1. (Faint.) A night-piece; a painting exhibit- some of the characteristic effects of night light. • ( mu8. ) See Nottubno. Nod (nOd), v. t. To cause to nod, bend, or incline the top with a quick motion. ' By every wind that- nods the mountain pine.' [Poet, and R.J Keats. Nod (nOd), n.—Land of nod, the state of sleep. Nod ding (nOd'ing), p. a. Pertaining to nods of recognition ; carried on by nodfc of recognition; as, a nodding acquaintance with a person. Nod ding ly (nOd'ing-li), adv. In a nodding man- ner, with a nod or nods. Nod die (u&d'l),^. t. [Freq. and dim. form of nod.] To make light and frequent nods. She noddled hex head, was suacy, and said rude things to one's face. Rev. R. Graves. Nod lc al (n5d'ik-al), a. Relating to the nodes; ap- plied to a revolution from a node back to the same node again; aa, the nodical revolutions of the moon. 553 No do saria (nO'do-sS"ri-a), n. [Lat nodoaxu, knotty.] (ZoOl.) A genus of fossil foraminifers, in which the buds or cells are thrown out from the primitive spherule in linear series. Nodule (nQd'Gl), n. 1. (Bot.) A small woody body found in the bark of the beech and some other trees, and formed of concentric layers of wood ar- ranged round a central nucleus. 2. (Geol.) A rounded irregular-shaped mineral mass. Noeg ger a thi a (n6g'er-a//ti-a), n. [After Dr. Noeggerath.'] (Paleon.) A genus of leaves, appar- ently of palms, occurring in the carboniferous and Permian systems. Nog (nOg), v. t. pret. and pp. nogged ; ppr. nogging.] 1 • (Ship-carp.) To secure by a nog or tree-nail. 2* To fill with brickwork. Nog ging (nSg'ing), n. (Ship-carp.) The act of securing the heels of the shores with tree-nails. No how (nO'hou), adv.' Out of one's ordinary way; out of sorts. [Slang.] You look all nohow. Dickens. Not sette (n wa-zSt' ),n. (Bot.) A variety of rose called after Louis Noisette of France. Originally it was a running rose, with a scentless pink flower, but being crossed with the tea-rose, it produces a fragrant yellow flower. Nolanaceae (nO/la-na'/se-S), n. pi. [From Lat. no/a, a little bell, from the shape of their corollas.] (Bot.) A group of South American perigynous ex- ogens, allied to Solanace®. N'old ef (nOld'e). For ne wolde. Would not. Chaucer. No ma (nO'ma), n. [Gr. vo/xaw, to eat.] (Med.) A species of sphacelus occurring generally in chil- dren ; water-canker. No mad (nO'mad),a. Subsisting by the tending of cattle, and wandering for the sake of pasturage; nomadic. No ma da (n5'ma-da), n. (Entom.) A genus of bees of the group Cuculinse. No-man's-laud (n0'manz-12nd). A tract or dis- trict to which no man can* lay a recognized or es- tablished claim ; a region which is the subject of dispute between two parties; debatable land. H. A. Nicholson. Nom arcli y (nSm'&rk-i), n. A government or province under a nomarch, as in modern Greece ; the jurisdiction of a nomarch. Written also Nome. Nome(nOm), n. A nomarchy. No men (nO'men), n. [Lat.] A name; one of the three names generally given to an ancient Roman. It distinguished the gens or clan. No men cla tlve (no-m6n'kla-tIv), a. Pertaining to naming. Whitney. No men cla to ry (no-mSn'kla-to-ri), a. Per- taining to naming. Whitney. Nom ic (nOm'ik), ». [Gr. v6/x»5, custom.] The customary or conventional English ppelling, which conveys no intimation of the received pronunciation of any word. See Glossic. Nom ic (nQm'ik), a. A term applied to our present mode of spelling: opposed to glossic or phonetic. Nom i nal (n^m^-nnl), a.—Nominal partner (Law), one who has not any actual interest in the trade or business, or its profits ; but, by allowing his name to be used, holds himself out to the world as appar- ently having an interest, and therefore becomes re- sponsible. Nom i nate (nSm'in-at), a. A nominate right (Scots Law), is one that is known and recognized in law, or possesses a nomen juris, as it is termed, the use of which determines its boundaries and settles the cousequences to all concerned. . Nom f na ti val (nOm'in-a-tr'val), a. Of or per- taining to the nominative case. No moo f 1 (n0-m0)'a' more. Chaucer. No mo can on (nfi^mo-kSn'on), ». [Gr. vo/xos, a law, and xavui/, a rule.] 1* A collection of canons and of imperial laws relative or conformable thereto ; as, the nomocan- on of Photius, patriarch of Constantinople. 2, A collection of the ancient canons of the apostles, councils, and fathers, without any regard to imperial constitutions. Rev. Orby Shipley. Nomocracy (no-m&k'ra-si), n. [Gr. vo/xo9, a law, and *par««o, to sway, to govern.] A system of government in accordance with a code of laws; as, the nomocracy of the ancient Hebrew commonwealth. Milman. Nom o thesy (nQm^o-thS'zi), n. [Gr. vo/xoc, a law, and n' soups. / V Noo die dom (n Fates, po«f, present, nndfut- ure, whose n. pi. (Bot.) Nos to chl ne 8B (ntfs'to-kr'ne-S), f A family of confer void algra, of which the genus Nostoc is the type. Nos to ma nl a (n8s/to-mS'/ni-a), n. [Gr. yooro*, return, and fiavia, madness.] Nostalgia, or a mor- bid desire to return to one's country, aggravated to madness. Nos trum (nQs'trum), n. Any scheme or device proposed by a quack or charlatan in any depart- ment. The nostrums of qnacks. Brougham. Not a ble (nOt'a-bl), a. Excellent; clever in any sphere ; as, a notable housekeeper. [Colloq.] No tal gl a (no-tai'ji-a), n. [Gr. viro?, the back, and aA-yos, pain.] (Pathol.) Pain in the baok ; ir- ritation of the spine. No tar (nr/tar), n. A notary. [Scotch.] Notarial (no-ta'ri-al), a.—Notarial acts% those acts in the civil law~which require to be done under the seal of a notary, and are admitted as evidenoft in foreign courts.—Notarial 'instruments (Scott fi, P, I, 0, 0, long; g, g, 1,0,4, short; >, e, i, o, a. obacare; ffir, fyii, cire; £tr On this page will be found words, pbrases and definitions NOT contained in cesser's Unabridged Dictionaries. hdr. *30ve, or; bgll, Q, Fr.; ft. Fr., ton ; tbe latest editions of Webster's and Wor-NOTAEY Law), Instruments of sasine, of resignation, of in- timation, of an assignation, of premonitioa of pro- test, and the like, drawn up by a notary. Wo ta ry (n^ta-ri), n.—Ecclesiastical notary, in the early church, an officer appointed to collect and preserve the acts of the martyrs.—Apostolical and imperial notary, a notary formerly appointed by the pope or an emperor to exercise his functions in a foreign country. Ho ta tion (no-ta'shun), ». The act of noticing or of taking notice; indication.—Architectural nota- tion, a method adopted of placing signs to figures when marking dimensions on drawings ; as, ' for feet,' " for inches, and for parts, etc.—Chemical notation, a system of abbreviating and condensing statements of the chemical composition of bodies, and of their changes and transformations, by means of symbols.—Mathematical notation, a method of representing quantities and operations by symbols. ~Musioal notation, the mode or system by which musical thoughts are represented in writing, in- cluding all the signs, characters, figures, and arbi- trary marks necessary to render such thoughts in- telligible and expressive of the author's conceptions. Motel* (n5ch), v. t. (Cricket.) To mark score, from the score being sometimes kept by cuttiQg notches on a stick. [Eng.] Dickens. Blotch (nflch), v. i. To keep the score at cricket. Ketch-block (nSch'bldk), n. Same as Snatch- blocb. Notch lng (nOch'ing), n. (Engin.) A system of. carrying forward excavations by a series of steps, upon which the work is simultaneously proceeding. Knight. Notch-wing (nOch'wing), n. A kind of moth, Te- raa caudana. No te lse a (nO'te-lS^a), n. [Gr. vor05, the south, and eAaia, the olive.] (Bof.) A genus of Austra- lian and Ta^uianian shrubs and small trees belong- ing to the nat. order OleacesB. Its wood is used for sheaves for ships' blocks as well as for turnery and inlaid work. Note less (nOt'les), a. 1* Without distinction or reputation; unnoted; undistinguished; not famous; as. a noteless man. Swinburne. 2• Having no note or tone ; unmusical. k Parish- Clerk with noteless tone.' Tom D^Urfey. Note-pa per (nOt'pa-per), n. Paper of a small size, not exceeding five by eight inches, for writ- ing notes or letters on. Nothedt I (nOt'hgd), n. A head having the hair Not heed t ) cut close. Chaucer. Notherf (nO'fher). )a. and conj. Nor; Neither. Noil therf (nO'Cher), ) Chaucer. Noth lug-gift (nuth'ing- or"nSth'ing-glft), n. A gift of no worth. Noticing-worth (nOth'ing-wSrth or nSth'ing- wdrth), «. Worth nothing; worthless. Tennyson. No tice-board (nO'tie-bOrd), n. A board on which a notice to the public is displayed. Dickens. No &ld a has (no-tld'a-nus), n. (Ichth.) A genus of the sharks (Squalidae), closely akin to the Lam- nid®, of which two species are found in the Medi- terranean. No tion al (nO'shun-al), a.—Notional words, those words which express notions or objects of the un- derstanding, as verbs and nouns, in distinction from relational words or words expressing relation, as prepositions. No tistf (nOt'ist), H. An annotator. Goodrich. No to bran chi a ta (nO'to-br&ng'ki-fi^tn), n. pi. [Gr. i/wtos, the back, and 0payxl«i gills.] (ZoOl.) (a) A division of the Annelida which carry their gills on their back. (i>) A division of the gastero- pods, including part of the nudibranchs* No to chord (n&'to-kord), n. [Gr. vwto?, the back, and xop$»7» a string.] (Animal Physiol.) A fibro- oellular rod which is developed in the embryo of %£rtebrates immediately beneath the spinal chord. It is persistent io the lower vertebrates but in the higher is replaced in the adult by the vertebrae, which a®e developed in its surrounding sheath. It is often spoken of as the chorda dorsalis. No to chord al (nG'to-kord"al or nO//to-Kor/dal), a. Possessing a notochord. Owen. No to don ti dse (uO'fco-dSn'ti-dS), n. pi. [Gr. p&roff, the.back, and 060^9, oSoktos, a tooth.] (Entorn.) The tooth-backs, a family of. maths belonging to Lepidoptera. No £om ma ti na (nO-t8m/a-tT"na), n. pi. [Gr. »*>To«, the back, and.oft#ia, owi*to<;, the eye.] (ZoOl.) The typical group of the Rotifera, the Hydatinida of Ehrenberg. No to nec ti dse (nO'to-nCk^ti-dS), ». pi. A family of the Hydrocoris© or water-bugs, containing the Notonecta, which swim on their backs, and from their peculiar aspect are called boat-flies. No io po di um (nO'to-pC'di-um), n. [Gr. vwro?, the back, and irovs, iroBos, a foot.] The dorsal divis- ion of one of the foot tubercles or parapodia of an annelid. Often called the Dorsal Oar. No to rhi zal (n0//to-rl/zal). o. [Gr. fwto?, the back, and pi'£a, a root.] (Bot.) Applied to a plant having the radicle in the embryonic plant at the hack of the cotyledons. No to rhi x© «e (nO'to-rlz/'e-S), n. pi. (Bot.) Plants having the radicles on the back of the cotyledons, *0 in some Crucifer®. No tto ri e ty (n0'to-rl"e-ti), n.—Proof by notoriety (Soots Law), the fact of the judge being aware that we point to be proved is commonly known or ac- 555 knowledged to be true, whether It be known to a whole country or to a whole vicinity No tor nis (nO-tor'nis), n. [Gr. v6ros, the south wind, the south, and opvi9, a bird.] (Ornith.) A ge- nus of grallatorial or wading birds, found inhabit- ing the South Island of New Zealand, supposed to be an extinct bird, but found to be still represented by living forms (N. Mantelli). The Notornis is most nearly allied to the coots. It is, however, of larger size than these birds, and differs from them in the rudimentary nature of the wings, a conformation in which it agrees with many other extinct as well as living birds found in New Zealand. No to the ni 1 dae (nr/to-the-uI"i-d6),n.pf. [From Gr. i>otos, south.] (Ichth.) The name of a group of fishes allied to the Gobioid» or gobies, inhabiting the Southern Seas. No to the rl um (n0/to-th5//ri-um), n. [Gr. voros, the south, and ffrjpiov, a wild beast.] (Paleon.) A gigantic fossil genus of herbivorous kanga*roo-like marsupials which existed during the pliocene period in Australia. Notour ) (no-tdr'), a. [Fr. notoire."} Well-known; Not tour ) notorious : as, notour adultery ; nQtour bankrupt, that is, one legally declared so. [Scotoh.j Not-self (nOt'self). Non-ego ( which see). Every conception of self necesBarily involves a con- ception of not-self. Sir W. Hamilton. Not tur no (not-t6r'n0), n. Lat. nocturnus, per- taining to night, from nox, night.] (Mus.) Origi- nally a synonym of serenade ; now applied to a piece N>f music in which the emotions, particularly those of love and tenderness, are developed. Nou me nal (nou'me-nal), a. (Metaph.) Of or re- lating to the noumenon; real, as opposed to phe- nomenal. He holds, that the phenomenal world must be distin- guishedjErom the noumenal, or world of things in them- selves. Sir h/ Hamilton. —The noumenal, the real, as contradistinguished from the phenomenal; that which a thiug really is, as opposed to what it appears to be ; actual exist- ence. Noun al (noun'al), a. Pertaining to a noun; hav- ing the character of a noun. The nounal group. J. Earle. Noun Ize (noun-Iz'), v. t. To convert into a noun; to nominalize. j. Earle. Noun-verb (noun'verb), n. That part of a verb which implies action or state only without the power of assertion, as the infinitive mood, the ger- und and the supine ; a verbal noun. Nou thef (nO'the), adv. Just now.—At nouthe, at present. Chaucer. No va 11 a (n0-v5'li-a), n. pi. [Lat. novalis, newly- plowed land.] (Scots Law). Lands newly im- proved or cultivated, and in particular those lands which, having lain waste from time immemorial, had been brought into cultivation by the monkR. Nov ar gent (nov-ar'jent), n. [Lat. novus, new, and argentum, silver.] A substance used for re- silvering plated articles, and prepared by moisten- ing chalk with a solution of oxide of silver in a so- lution of cyanide of potassium. Nov el (nftv'el), a.—Novel assignment (Common Law), an obsolete form of pleading. Wharton.— Novel constitutions, or novels (Civil Law), are the supplementary constitutions of some Roman em- perors, eo called because they appeared after the auihentio publications of law made by these emper- ors. Nov el ette (nSv'ol-St"), n. A short novel. * The Italian novelettes.* J.R. Gh'een. No ve na (no-v&'na), n. [L. Lat., from Lat. novem, nine.] (Eccl.) In the Latin Church a mode of wor- ship in which a prayer is recited at stated intervals for nine successive days. No vene (nO'vSn), a. [Lat. novenus, from novem, nine.] Pertaining to, depending on, or consisting of, the number nine ; proceeding by nines; novena- ry. 'The triple and novene division ran through- out.' [R.] _ Milman. Nov ice (nQv'is), o. Having the character of a novice or beginner ; inexperienced. ' These novice lovers.' Sylvester. No vi ci ate (no-vlsh'i-at), a. Inexperienced f un- practiced. My young noviciate thought. Coleridge. No vl ti ate > (no-vtsh'i-at), n. The religious No vi ci ate ) house in which novices live and receive instruction. No vl lantf (nO'vi-lant), n. [Of similar origin to adj. novei.] A recorder of modern or current events. Fuller. No vo da mas (nO/vo-da"mus), «. [From Lat. de novo damus, we grant anew.] (Scots Law.) A charter of novodamus is the name given to a charter which contains a clause of novodamus. No vo ze la ni an (nO'vo-ze-liP'ni-an), a. Of or belonging to New Zealand or its inhabitants. Huxley. No vnmf (nO'vum), >». [Lat. novem, nine.] An Novem (nO'vem), J ancient game at dice play, ed by five or six persons, in which the two principal throws were nine and five. Sh'ak. No vns Ho mo (no/vus ha'mO), n. pi. No vi Horn 1 nes (nO'vI hQm'in-Sz). [Lat.] Among the ancient Romans, one who had raised himself from obscurity to distinction, without the aid of family connections. NUDE Nowchef (nOch), n. [O. Fr. nouohe, a buckle.] A jewel. ' .Chaucsr. Now y (nou'i), a. [Fr. none, knotted.] (Her.) The term applied to a projection in the middle of a cross or other ordinary. Now yed (nou'id), a. (Her.) The term applied to a projection not in the center of a cross, but in either of its branches. Noy ade (nw&-y&d),n. [Fr., from noyer, to drown.} The act of putting to death by drowning; specif- ically, a mode of executing victims during the reign of terror in France, practiced by Carrier at Nantes in 1789. The prisoners were embarked in a vessel with a movable bottom, which was suddenly opened when the vessel reached th"e middle of the Loire, thus precipitating the condemned into the waters , Noz zle (nOz'l). n.—Nozzles of a steam-engine are those parts in which are placed the valves that open and close the communication between the cylinder and the boiler and condenser in low-pressure or condensing engines ; and between the cylinder and boiler and atmosphere in higb-pres=ure engines. .« Np. The chemical symbol of neptunium. Nu aiice (ny-6ns), n. [Fr., from nue, Lat. nubes, a cloud.] 1. Each of the different gradations by which a color passes from its lightest to its darkest shade ; shade. 2. A delicate degree of difference perceived by any of the senses, or by the intellect; as, nuances of sound, of expression, etc. Nu bi a (nG'bi-a), n. [From Lat. nubes, a cloud.] A kind of woolen scarf made in the form of a net- work, worn over the head by wotnen ; a cloud.. Nu ca 111elit (nfl'ka-ment), n. [Lat. nucamentum, a fir cone.] (Bot.) A catkin ; a cat's tail: applied to the blossom of the hazel-pine, willow, etc. > Nu ca men ta ce se (na/ka-men-t5''se-e), n. pL (Bot.) A suborder of the Proteacpae, in which the^ fruit is nucamentaceous and of the hardness of a nut. | Nu oha (nfl'ka), n. [L. Lat., from Ar.] "The^hinct part or nape of the neck. 01 having the appearance of a nucleus. ' Nu cle o late (nfl'kle-o-lat), a. Nucleolated.* Nu cle o lated(nQ kle-o-iat 'edor nu-kl6'o-lat-ed), o. Possessing a nucleolus or inner second nucleus; furnished with a nucleole. Nu cle ole (nti'kle-01), n. Same as Nucleolus. Nu cle o lite (nu-klS o-ITt), n. [Lat. nucleus, and Gr. A«'0oj, a stone.] (Paleon.) One of a genus of fossil Echinidse, belonging to the family Galeriti- dae, and found in the crag, etc. . Nu cle o lus (nu-klg'o-lus), n. pi. Nu cle o 11 (nu- klS'o-11). [Dim. of nucleus.] (Physiol.) (a) The minute solid particle in the interior of the nucleus of some cells, (b) The minute spherical particle attached to the exterior of the nucleus or ovary of certain Infusoria, performing the functions of a testicle. H. A. NicholsonJ Nu cle us (nO'kle-us), n. 1. (Bot.) (a) In lichens the disk of the shield which contains the sporules and their cases. (6) Formerly, the secondary bulb of a bulbous plant, now termed a clove. « 2» (Physiol.) The solid rod, or band-shaped bbdy, found in the interior of many of the Protozoa, and having, in certain of them, the functions of an ovary. 3. (ZoOl.) The madrifornTtubercle of the Ech- inodermata. • 4* A body having a stronger or weaker attrac- tion for the gas, vapor, or salt of a eolutiou thtni for the liquid part of it, and, therefore, modifying by its presence the freezing and bbiling points. Rossiter. Nu cu la (nfi'ku-la), n. [Dim. from Lat. nux, nucis, a nut.] 1* (Bot.) A hard pericarp of a horhy or bony texture, indehiscent, and containing a single seed, to which it is not closely attached, as in Lamium and Borago. 2* (Conch.) A genus of marine bivalve shell?, belonging to the family Arcacea or ark-shells. Lamarck. Nu cn la ni am (nfl/ku-ia'/ni-um), n. (Bot.) A superior indehiscent fleshy fruit, containing two or more cells and several seeds, as the grape. Nude (nfld), n. (Fine Arts.) What is nude or un« covered with drapery ; a nude or naked figure : gen, )jpb. chain; g, 00; j, job; ng, sin Art Journal. Nude ly (nfld li), adv. In a nude or naked manner ; nakedly. ^ude ness (nfld'nes), n. The state or qtiality of being nude or uaked. No di branch (nfl'di-br&ngk), ». A member of ' the NTudibranchiata. Nu di bran clii a ta (na 'di-br&ng'ki-a'^U), n. [Lat. nudus, naked, and Gr. /3payxta» (ZoOl.) An order of mollusc3 of ihe class Gasteropoda, hav- ing no shell in their adult state. Nu di fld i ail (ntl'di-fld^i-an), n. [Lat. nudus, naked, and fides, faith.] One who has a bare faith; one with faith without works. [R.J Rev. T. Adams. Null (n&l), n. [Comp. noll^ the head.] One of a series of decorative beads much used for spindle3 and rolls for bedsteads, chairs, and other articles of furniture. Knight. See Nulled-work. Nulled«work (n01d'w6rk), n. Decorative work resembling a series of beads strung on a rod. See Null. NmlI lize (niillz), v. i. To make nothing; to waste away. [R.] Sylvester, Num ber (nSm'ber), n. (Fhren.) Oneoftheper- ceptive faculties, whose alleged organ is situated a little to the side of the outer angle of the eye, and whose function is to give a talent for calculation in general. Num ber ing-raa chine ( n&m'ber-ing-ma- chSn'), n. A machine for impressing consecutive numbers on account-books, coupons, railway tick- et?, bank-notes, etc. Knight. Nu m© nl us (nu-mS'ni-us), n. [Gr. vovn^vLos, a j kind of curlew, from ve'o?s new, and y.-qv, the moon, I perhaps from its crescont-shaped beak.] (Ornith.) j The genus to which the curlews are referred. Nu mer o tage (nO'mer-o-tazh), n. [Fr. numero-J tage.~\ The numbers or system of numbering yarns according to fineness. Nu mid 1 an (nu-mld'i-an), a. (Qeog.) Of or per- taining to Numidia, the central tract of country on the north coast of Africa which forms the largest part of the territory now called Algeria.—Numidi- an crane (Ornith.), a grallatorial bird of the genus Anthropoides, the A. Virgo. It is also termed the Demoiselle. Nu mid 1 an (nfl-mTd'i-an), n. (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Numidia. Nu mis ma tog ra phy (nu-mls ma-t5g'/ra-fl), n. [Lat. numisma, numismatis, a coin, and Gr. ypajnj, to describe.] A treatise on or description of coins; the science of coins and medals. Num mu lar (num'u-ler), a. (Med.) Having the appearance, character, or form of a coin : a term ■ applied to the sputa or expectorations in phthisis, i when they flatten at the bottom oi the vessel like a piece of money. Num mu line (nfim'u-lln), a. Resembling a num- mulite in structural features. H. A. Nicholson. Nun (niin), v. t. To cloister up, as a nun ; to con- fine. I will... .nun you up with Aunt Nell. Richardson. Nunc di mit tis (nungk dl- mit' tis), n. [Lat.] (Eccl.) The name given to the canticle of Simeon. (Luke ii. 29-32), from the first two words in the Latin version. Nun na tion (nun-nS'shun), n. (Arabic Gram.) The pronunciation of the terminal n in words. Nun ner y (nun'er-i), n. The system or institution of conventual life for women. Fuller. Nun ni (nun'i), n. Same as Bonte-boc (which see). |Nur ) (n6r), n. [Probably should have an initial k Nurr )* or g; comp. knur, knurl, gnarl.] A hard knot in wood; a knob ; a wooden ball used in the game of hockey and that of nurr-and-spell (which see). Nu ra glie (nu-r&'gl), n. Same as Noraghe. Nu rem berg-egg (n5'rm-berg-6g), n. A pecul- iar watch or pocket clock, originally of an ova} form, and generally believed to have been invented at Nuremberg. Nurr-and-spell (nSr'and-spSl), n. A game like trap-ball, played with a wooden ball called a nurr. The ball is released by means of a spring from a 556 little brass cup at the end of a tongue of steel called ( a spell or spill. i Nurse (n6rs), n. 1. The state of being nursed; - as, to put a child to nurse. Lord Lytton. i 2. (/Hort.) A 6hrub or tree which protects a young plant. Nurse ling (n6rs'ling), n. Same as Nursling. Nurs er y (ners'er-i), n.—Nursery gardener, a nurs- ery-man. Nurs er y-gov ern ess (n6rs"er-i-giiv/ern-e8), n. ' A governess for young children. | Nurs ing-bot tie (ners^ing-bftt'l), n. A bottle fit- . ted with a tube and teat to enable an infant to draw milk from it by tho natural action of sucking. Nusf (nusf), n. .A modern Egyptian coin, silver, equal to ten piastres. Nus si er ite (nus'i-er-It), n. (Min.) A native ar- senio-phosphate of lead, from Nussieres, department of the Rhone, France. Nut (nut), n. 1. (Bot.) A bony pericarp contain- ing a 6ingle seed, to which it is closely attached. The strawberry has a fleshy succulent torus, covered w\jith small nuts. * Henalow. 2. (Jl/ae/v.) A small cylinder or other body, with tei'th or projections corresponding with the teeth or grooves of a wheel. 3* (Firearms.") The tumbler of a gun-lock. 4. pi. Something very pleasant or gratifying. This was nuts to the old Lord. Roger North. ; —To be nuts on, to be very fond of. [Colloq. or j elang.] My aunt is awful nuts on Marcus Aurelius. W. Black, j —Axle-nut, a block or nut screwed on to the ends of / the spindles or arms of carriage axles to hold the J wheels on the spindles.—A nut to crack, a difficult i problem to solve; a puzzle to be explained. ! Lord Lytton. I Nut (nfit), n.—Nut-Jobber, same as Nut-hatch.—Nut- let [dim. of nut], a littlenut; the Btone of a drupe.— Nut-lock', a device for fastening a bolt nut in place ' and preventing its becoming loose by the jarring or tremulous motion of the machiuery. Called-also Nut-fastening, Jam-nut.—Nut-oil, an oil professedly obtained from walnuts, which is thought to be supe- rior to the best linseed-oil for delicate pigments. "When deprived of its mucilage it is pale, transpar- ent and limpid. Ure.— Nut-pecker, same as Nut- I Jtatch.—Nut-pine (Bot.), a new species of pine from • the Rocky Mountains.(PmM* monophyllus), the oily , seeds of which, as obtained from the cones, consti-1 lute the principal subsistence of some of £he Indian tribes.—Nut-weevil (Entom.), an insect, a species of , Balaninus, which deposits eggs in nuta. — Nut- wrench, an instrument for fixing or removing the nuta on screws. Nu ta tion (nu-tS'shun), n. 1. (Pathol.) A con-I stant nodding oi; oscillation of the head, by which it moves involuntarily in one or more directions. Dunglison. 2. (Bot.) (o) That property possessed by cer- tain flowers of following the apparent course of the 6un, from the east in the morning to the west in the evening, (b) The curvature in an organ of a plant, arising from the unequal development of different Bides. Nu the tes (ntl'thet-Sz), n. [Gr. vov9ere». In East India,a Nuz zer a na (nuz zer-&"na), > prooont or offer- ing made to a superior. Nuz zle (nQz 1), v. t. [From nose.] 1. To put a ring into the nose of, as a bog 2* To root up with the nose. Ny as (nl'as) n. Same as Nias. Nya ya (nya'ya), n. [Skr., from nf. Into, and aya% a going.] The name of a system of Hindu philoso- phy, which, amidst a mass of wholly unintelligible doctrines, embodies that of the transmigration of pouls, and which makes the highest attainable good of man consist in the emancipation from the destiny of being born again after death. Nyc ta gin a ce ae(nlk ta-ji-nsTse-e), ) n.pl.(Bot.) Nyc ta gin e ae (nlk ta-jin ;e-5), ) A nat. or- der of purgative plants inhabiting the warmer parts of the world. Nyc ter is (nlk'ter-is), n. [Gr. wKTtpIs, a bat.] (Or- nith. ) A genus of remarkable bats belonging to the Rhinolophidfie or horseshoe family. Nyc the me ron (nik-thS'me-ron or nik-thgm'e- ron), n. [Gr. wktos, night, and ^/ue'pa, day.J The whole natural day, or day and night, consisting of twenty-four hours. Nyctibius (nik-tlt/I-us), n. [Gr. vv£, wkto?, night, and /3ios, life.] (Ornith.) A genus of birds indigenous to South America, belonging 1o the fam- ily Caprimulgidae, or, as they are now more com- monly placed, to the Coraciadro. Nyc ti ce bi dae (nIk'ti-sG"bi-dS),) n. pi. [Gr. vv£, Nyc tl ce bi nse (nlk ti-sC;/bi-n5), } wktos, night, KriPoi, an ape, and elSos, likeness.] (ZoOl.) A sub- family of quadrumana, including the Loris. The tail is absent or rudimentary, tho ears short and rounded, the eyes large and placed close together. Nyc tl ce bus (nik'ti-sG 'bus), n. (ZoOl.) Theku- kang or slow-paced loris, the typical animal of Nyc- ticebidsB. Nyc tin o mus (nik-tln'o-mus), n. [Gr. w'f, yvKTo^ night, and nomus, a habitation.] A genus of bats with very large outer ears and extensive wings. Nyc ti pi the cus (nlk'ti-pi-the^kus), n. [Gr. vvi-t vvktos, night, and iri'.9tjko<;, a monkey.] (ZoOl.) A genus of American monkeys of the family Cobidae. Nyc ti sau ra (nlk/ti-s§"ra), n. pi. A group of noo- turnal lizards of the suborder PachyfiJossse. Nyc topli i lus (nik-t6f il-us), n. [Gr. vv£, vvktoc, night, and <£i\c'a>, to love.] (ZoOl.) A genus of bats of the family Vespertilionidas, sub-family Rhinolo- phinre. Nym phse (nlm'fS), n. pi. [Gr. vv/x<£at, the labia minora, from vvfjLrn a nymph, a marriageable maid- en.] (Anat.) Tho labia minora, two semicircular glandular membranes situated within the labia ma- jora of the vulva. Nym plise a ce ae (nlm/f5-a//se-5), pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of aquatic plants containing the water- lilies of various parts of the world. Nym pha les (nim-fS'lSz or nlmf'a-lSz), n. pi. (Bot.) An alliance of plants, subclass Hypogynous Exogens. They have dichlamydeous flowers, axile or sutural placentje, and an embryo on the outside of a large quantity of albumen. The alliance is di- vided into three orders, viz : Nymphceacece, Cabom- bacece. and Nelumbiacece. ZeWs Cye. Nymph 1c (nlmfik), a. Relating to nymphB ; nyra- phical. Nymph o lep sic (nlmf'o-lgp^sik), o. Same as Nympholeptic. Nymph o lep tic (n!mf/o-lgp//tik), a. Of, or be- longing to, or possessed by, nyrnpholepsy; ecstatic ; frenzied; transported. In nympholeptic climbing, poets pass from mount to Btar. E. B. Broicning. Nym phot o my (nim-fOt'o-mi), n. [Gr. vvn<}>7}, a nymph, a bride, vv/xai, the labia minora, and Te'/mvw, to cut.] (Surer.) The excision of the nymph® ; the circumcision of the female. Ny ro cja (ni-rO'ka), n. (Ornith.) A genus of duck9, containing the pochard (N. ferina). Notation : fi, 6,1, 0, fl, long; & €. T, 6, ii, short; a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; far, f&il, f&sfc, cAre; hdr, native, or; b^ll, tt, Fr. j ft, Fr., ton ; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's ana Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.o 557 OBSCURANTIST o. 0(pl. 6es), n. [ From the letter.] 1. Anything circular, or resembling the letter O; a circle, a sphere; a spot. "May we cram Within this wooden O, the very casks That did affright the air at Agincourt." Shakesp.: Henry V (Prol.) 2. The arithmetical cipher; nought, nothing. "Now thou art an O without a figure." Shakesp.: Lear, i, 4. 3. The letter O, or its sound. " Mouthing out his hollow oes and aes Deep-chested music, and to this result." Tennyson: The Epic, 50. 4. An exclamation, indicating various emo- tions. " Why should you fall into so deep an O?" Shukesp.: Romeo and Juliet, iii, 3. •». A cry to call attention, or to command a cessation of noise, etc. O (o), interj. An exclamation used in earnest or solemn address, entreaty, appeal or invocation, ami prefixed to the noun of address. Attempts have been made lo distinguish between O and Oh by some writers: namely that O should be used only in direct address to a person or personified object, and should never be followed by the ex- clamation point, while Oh should be used in mere exclamations, while no direct address or appeal is maJe to the object, and may be followed by the exclamation point or not, according to the nature or construction of the sentence. This distinction is, however, merely arbitrary, and is not regarded by most writers, even the best, the two forms being generally used indiscriminately. kt O, be not proud."—Shukesp.: Venus and Adonis, 113. Oak pa per (oak^pa'per), n. Paper hangings stained or grained to resemble oak. Oar (oar), n. To lie on the oars: (a) To raise them from the water and hold them horizontally. (b) (Fig.) To cease from work; to rest. To x>ut one's oar in: To interfere in the affairs of others; to meddle officiously, (c) To toss the oars: To raise them vertically, resting on the handles. It is a form of salute. Oat gra.SS (Oat'grass), n. (Bot.) (a) A grass of the Andes, belonging to the genus Arenathe- rium. (b) Danthonia spicatu, a high grass which grows in poor soils in the United States. Ob da vate (ob-cla'vate), a. [Pref. ofr-, and Eng. clavate (q. v.). J (Bot.) Inverselyclavate. Ob com pressed (ob'com-pressed//), a. [Pref. ob-, and Eng, compressed. ] (Bot.) So compressed that the two sutures of a fruit are brought into contact; flattened back and front. Ob tlu rate (ob'du-rate), a. Syn.—Obdurate, Hardened, Callous . Hardened is the most gen- eral term; th e others ma y be regarded as modifica- tions of it. We speak of persons or their feel- ings as hardened,, when we mean to express the result of habituation, and this actively or pass- ively; as, hardened in vice; hardened against impressions, as, for instance, scenes of suffering. These words rise in meaning in the following order: callous denotes a deadening of the sensi- bilities; as, a callous conscience; hardened, a set- tled disregard of and habit of resistance against the claims of persuasion, duty and sympathy; obdurate, a moral determination in opposition to both moral principle and natural feeling. O be
  • arsnips. It is the same with CE. Phellandrium. CEn O rnel (en'o-m61), n. [Gr. olvoq (oinos) = wine, and /ueAt (meli) —honey.] A mixture of wine and honey; mead. "Those memories to my thinking, Make a better cenomel." E. B. Browning: Wine of Cyprus. OE nom e ter (oe-nOm'e-ter), n. [Gr. olvos (oinos )=^\vine, and^erpov (metron) —a measure.] A form of hydrometer adapted to determine the alcoholic strength of wines; an alcoholometer. Ae'/cpavoi> (olekranon), contr. from di\evoKpavov (olen- okranon), i. e., wAeVrj? Kpaviov (olenes kranion) = the point of the elbow.] (Anat.) The elbow; the larger of the two apophyses at the upper end of the ulna, ending in a rough tuberosity and an obtuse point. '© le O (0 le-o), pref. [Lat. oleum—oil.] Having oil in its composition; oily. '© le o plios plior ie (O'le-o-phds-phfir^Ic), a. (Chem.) Containing oleic and phosphoric acids. Oleo-phosphoric acid: (Chem.) A phosphoret- ted fatty acid contained in the brain. It con- tains about 2 per cent, of phosphorus. Boiled for some time with water it is converted into oleic acid and phosphoric acid. ©1 fae tive (61-fac tive), a. Olfactory. ©1 fae to ry (ol-f&e'to-ry), n. An organ of smell. (Usually in the plural.) "Your gay lavender bag is placed across the arm of the sofa, to regale my olfactories."— .Southey: Letters, iv, 545. Olfactory-lobe: A lobe constituting part of the olfactory apparatus. It is small in man, larger in the rabbit, and yet larger in the lamprey. Olfac- tory-nerves: (Anat.) The fifth pair of cerebral nerves ramifying on the Schneiderian membrane, producing the sense of smell, and also sensibil- ity to the nose. -©1 i garcli (dl'i-gareh), n. [Gr. b\iyapxr)s (oli- garchs).] A member of an oligarchy; one of a few in power. ©1 i garcli ist (<51'i-gareh 1st), n. One who ad- vocates or supports oligarchical government. ©1 i gist (oFl-gist), n. [Gr. oAi'yio-ros (oligistos), irreg. sup. of oAiyo? (oligos) = iew, little.] (Min.) The same as Oligist-iron (q. v.). Oli- gist-iron: (Min.) A name given to hematite (q. v.) because of its weak magnetic properties; but Hatiy suggested that the name should signify the lesser amount of iron contained in hematite compared with that in magnetite. <©1 i go clase (dH-go-elase), n. [Pref. o%o-, and Gr. #cAao-is (klasis) = a fracture.] {Min.) A mineral belonging to the feldspar group of uni- silicates. Crystallization, triclinic, but rarely oc- curring in distinct crystals; twin-crystals resem- bling those of albite. Hardness, 6 to 7; sp. gr., 2.56 to 2.72; luster, vitreous, somewhat greasy; color, various shades of gray, white; transparent to sub-translucent; fracture, conchoidal, sometimes uneven. Compos.: silica, 62.1; alumina, 23.7; soda (partly replaced by lime), 14.2=100. Dana recognizes four varieties— (1) Cleavable, crys- tallized or massive; (2) Compact, massive, in- cluding much felsite; (3) Aventurine oligoclase, or Sunstone; (4) Moonstono; most of which, however, is referab S to orthoclase. A frequent constituent of eruptive and metamorphic rocks. ©1 ive (61'ive), n. 1. The color of the olive; a dark tawny color, composed of violet and green in nearly equal proportions. 2. (Conch.) Olive; a genus of Buccinidse. Shell cylindrical, polished; spire very short, suture channeled ; aperture long, narrow, notched in front; columella callous, striated ob.iquely; body- whorl furrowed near base. No operculum in the typical species, Oliva porphyria. Large foot and mantle lobes; eyes near tips of tentacles. Known species 120, from sub-tropical coasts of America, West Africa, India, China, and the Pa- cific. 3. (Ornith.) A bird; also called the oyster catcher. ©1 iv ine, ©1 iv ite (61'lv-ine, ol/iv-ite), n. (Chem.) A bitter substance obtained from the unripe fruit and leaves of the olive. It separates from alcohol in neutral crystals, insoluble in alco- hol, but soluble in dilute acids. ©1 la po dri da (61'la-po-drl^da), n. An incon- gruous mixture ; a miscellaneous collection of any kind; a medley. ©1 la (61'la), n. [Hind.] A palm-leaf used in the East Indies for writing on with a sharpened piece of wood or metal. -©1 o gy (-ol-o-gy), suff. [Gr. A0709 (logos) =a word, a discourse. A suffix denoting a particular branch of science, as, geology, physiology, etc. O gy (tfFo-gj'), n. [-ology. J Any science or branch of knowledge. (Generally in a jocular sense.) "She was supposed to understand chemistry, geology, philology, and a hundred other ologies —Nares: Thinks-l-to-mysel/, i, 68. © lyili pie (o-lym'pic), a. [Gr. 6Av/u.7tik6s (olum- pikos.] Relating to Olympus or Olympia; Olym- pian. © lym pi Oil ie (o-lym'pi-tin^ie), n. [Gr. 6Av/x7rio (olumpionikes), from"OAu)u.7ro$ (Olumpos) — Olympus, and vlkt] (nike) =victory.] An ode composed in honor of a victor in the Olympic games. [Rare.] ©111 agra (om'a-gra), n. [Gr. Sifx0? (omos)=the shoulder, and ay pa (agra )=a seizure.] (Pathol.) Gout or rheumatism in the shoulder ; pain in the shoulder. © mit ter (o-mit'ter), n. One who omits, neg- lects, or disregards. ©m ni cor po re al (drn'm-eor-pO'-'re-al), a. [Pref. Omni-, and Eng. corporeal. (See extract.)] [068.] "He is both incorporeal and omnicorporeal, for there is nothing of anybody which he is not."— Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 347. ©m ni e ty (om-nr'e-ty), n. That which per- vades or comprehends all things; the Deity. [Rare. ] ©m ni graph (om'nl-gr&ph), n. [Lat. omnis= all; suff. -graph.] The same as Pantograph (q. v.). ©m ni par 1 ent (dm'ni-par^i ent), a. [Lat. omniparens, from omnis—all, and par io—to bring forth, to produce.] Bearing, producing or bringing forth all things; all-producing. ©Ill ilip ar OUS (om-nlp/ar-ous j, a. [Omnipar- ient.] Producing or bringing forth all things; omniparient. ©mni spec tive (dm'ni-spec^tive), a. [Lat. omms=all, and specto=to behold, to see.] Be- holding or seeing all things; able to see every- thing. [i?are.] "The great omniscient, omnispective Power!" Boyse: The Only Wish. © mog ra phy (o-mdg'ra-phy), n. [Gr. 6/u.os (homos) — the same, and ypa^w (grapho) = to write, to describe.] A mode of representing ob- jects, designed to be a substitute for engraving, lithography, and painting. ©mpli a lo (omph/a-lo), pref. [Gr. oixfyaXos (omphalos) = the navel.] Belonging to or con- nected with the navel. ©m plia lode, ©m plia lo dium (Sm'pha- lode, om'pha-lO'/dl-um), n. [Omphalodes.] 1. (Anat.) The umbilicus or navel. [Rare.] 2. (Bot. The name given by Turpin to the center of the hilum of a seed through which the vessels pass into the raphe or chalaza. ©llipli a zite (dmph'a-zite), n. [Gr. ofufrag (omphax)-axL unripe grape; Ger. omphazit.] (Min.) Amonoclinic mineral, of a grass to leek green color, forming an important constituent of the rock called Eclogite. Original analyses were probably made on impure material; subse- quent investigation indicates a relationship with the minerals of the pyroxene or hornblende groups. Dana places it with the former, and Brit. Mus. Cat. with the latter. Found at the Sau-alpe, Carinthia. ©n (6n),prep. Svn.—On, Upon. Upon is often used synonymously with on; though it would be more correct to employ it when particular atten- tion is to be drawn to the support, whether literal or figurative. The use of wpon, also, is generally preferable with verbs of motion. We may say, "The book is on the table;" "He put the book upon the table." "A man, to gain success, must depend upon his own exertions.—Fallows' Syn- onyms Discriminated. ©n a ger (on'a-ger), n. [Lat., from Gr. ovaypos (onagros).] (Ancient Ordn.) An ancient military engine for hurling stones out of a cup-shaped re- ceptacle, so called from the action of the wild ass in kicking out with his hind legs. ©lice (wuns), adv. Once and again: Repeatedly; more than once. Once in a way (properly, once and away): Once and no more; on rare occasions; only occasionally. ©n eid i um (on-cid'i-um), n. [Mod. Lat., dimin. of. Gr. oy/cos (ongkos) = a bulk, amass.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of Orchidacese, tribe Van- deas, family Brassidse. It owes its generic name to the fact that there are excrescences at th© base of the labellum. It resembles Odontoglos- sum. but has the column shorter, and not nar- rowed at the base. More than two hundred species are known from the mountainous parts of tropical America. One of the best known is Oncidium Papilio, the Butterfly-plant. O. altissi- mum sends up fifteen to twenty flower spikes, bearing in all about two thousand flowers. 2. iZool.) The typical genus of the family Oncidiadse containing the slugs. They live on aquatic plants in the marshes and on the coasts of the warmer parts of the Old World. ©n cot o my (dn-cot'o-mj7), n. [Gr. byKos (ong- kos) = a tumor, and (tome) = a cutting.] (Surg.) The opening of a tumor with a lancet or other cutting instrument. ©lie-horse (wun'-hors), a. Drawn by a single horse. "Severely humbled to her one-horse chair." Janyns: Modern Fine Lady• ©^nei ro dyn i a (o-ne^ro-dyn'l-a), n. [Gr. oveipos, oveipov (oneiros,oneiron)=a dream, and oBvvit] (odune) — pain.] Disagreeable dreams; nightmare; disturbed sleep. © nei ros co pist (o'nel-rds^co-pist), n. One who is skilled in oneiroscopy; an interpreter of dreams. ©^nei ros co py (o'nei-ros^eo-py), n. [Gr. bvet-pos, oveipov (oneiros, oneiron) = & dream, and aKoirea) (skopeo)=to see, to observe.] The art of interpreting dreams; oneirocritics. ©lie li liess (wtin'li-ness), n. • The quality or state of being alone or single; singleness, one- ness. _ [O&s.]—Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 633. ©lie Sid ed (wun^sid^d), a. (Bot.) Having all the parts turned one way, the stalk being twisted; unilateral, secund. Example: the flowers of Antholiza. ©n go ing (dn^go'ing), n. Procedure, progress; a going forward. ©n ion-eyed (on'ion-eyed), a. Having the eyes filled with tears, as though caused by the use of an onion; ready to weep. "I, an ass, am onion-eyed." Shakesp.j Antony and Cleopatra, iv, 2. ©n look er (on^lobk'er), n. One who looks on; a looker-on; a spectator. ©n look ing (on^lobk'ing), a. Looking on, on- ward or forward; foreboding. ©n ly (on'ly), prep. Except. ''Our whole office will be turned out, only me." Pepys: Diary, Aug. 22, 1668. ©n ly (on'ly1), conj. Excepting that; but: as, They are very alike, only one is darker thau the other. ©11 o l>ry cliis, © nob ry cliis (dn'o-brf- ehis, o-nob'ry-ehis), n. [Lat., from Gr. dvofipv- X«-5 (onobrychis): ovos (onos) — an ass, and jSpu^o) (brucho)—to roar.] (Bot.) Sainfoin or Sant- foin. A genus of papilionaceous plants, tribe or sub-tribe Hedysarese. It consists of herbs or shrubs, having pinnate leaves with a terminal leaflet; the flowers, which are purple, red or white, in axillary spikes or racemes; the legume compressed, indehiscent, not jointed; often spiny-winged or crested; one to two seeded. Known species fifty; from the temperate parts of the Old World. © noi O gy (o-ndl'o-gy'), [Gr. ovos (owos)=an ass, and A6yog (logos( = a word, a discourse.] A foolish way of speaking; foolish talk. On O mas tie (dn'o-m&s^tie), a. [Gr. bvofiaa-Ti- kos (onomas£ifcos)=pertaining to names, from bvop.a (onoma) = & name.] Pertaining to or con- sisting of a name; specif., (Law) applied to the signature of an instrument, where the body of it is in the handwriting of another person.—Burrill. © nom a tope (o-nom'a-tope), n. [Onoma- topoeia.] A word formed to represent the sound of, or made by the thing signified. "Notation: ft, 6,1, O, tl, y, long; 8,, 6,1, 6. ti, f, short; cfire, f&r, lAst, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fSr, do,- wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; $h 33 sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, lirjk; th as in thine. fc0n this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.ONOMATOPY 561 OPTION Oil O mat O py (dn'o-mat^o-p^), n. Onomato- poeia. O 110m o man cy (o-n6m//o-man/£y), n. Onom- ancy. O 110 nis (o-nO ills), n. [Lat. from Gr. ovmvLs (on on is) = rest-harrow. ] (Hot.) Rest-harrow; a genus of papilionaceous plants, sub-tribe Trifo- lieae. The leaves are pinnately trifoliate; the calyx campanulate, five-cleft, with linear seg- ments; standard broad, serrate; keel rostrate; legumes long and few-seeded. About sixty spe- cies are known. On 'wards (6n'ward§), adv. Onward, forward, in advance. Oi» y ell a (dn'^-eha), n. 1. Heb. (Shechhel- leth), probably the operculum of a mollusc of the genus Strombus. "Take sweet epices, onycha, and galbanum." Exodus xxx, 34. 2. The onyx. O o li til' er ous (G'o-li-tif'er-otis), a. [Eng. oolitie); i connect., and Lat. fero—to bear, to produce.] Producing oolite. O ol O gist (o-olo-gist), n. [Eng. oolog(y); -is£.] A person devoted to the study of oology; one who collects birds' eggs, with a view to their sys- tematic study. "Oolofjixts first saw the need of eeparatingjfrom the true Passe res several groups of birds that had for many years been unhesitatingly asso- ciated with that very uniform assemblage."— Eneijc. Brit. (ed.9t.hj, iii, 773. O Ol O gy (0-ol o-gv), n. [Pref. no-, and Gr. Aoyos (logos) — a discourse; Fr. oologie. \ (Nat. Hist.) A branch of ornithology which seeks to found a scientific classification of birds on the character of their eggs. According to Evelyn (Diary, Oct. 18, 1671), Sir Thomas Browne made a collection of eggs "of all the birds and fowls he could pro- cure." The Oologie Ornithologique of Des Murs (Paris, 1862) was the first work on the subject. In a peculiar sense, oology includes the subject of nidification. Oo long, Ou long; (oo-16ng, ou'ldng), n. [Chi- nese = green dragon.] A kind of black tea, hav- ing the flavor of green teaj_ Oo mi ac, Oo mi alt (oo'mi-ac, oo'mi-ak), n. [Native name.] A long, broad boat, used by the Esquimaux for conveying women, children, and property during their excursions in the summer season. It is furnished with seats, and propelled by means of oars, somewhat resembling a baker's peel. One, twenty-five feet by eight, and con- taining twenty-one women and children, visited the Fury and Hecla during Parry's expedition for the discovery of a northwest passage, 1821-23. —Capt. G. F. Lyon: Private Journal, ch. ii. [Illus., Oomiak.] Oost (oost), n. The same as Oast. Ooze (ooze), v. i. 1. To come out; to come to light or public knowledge: as a secret oozes out. 2. To flow away, to depart: as, His courage oozed out at his fingers' ends. O paque (o-pak7)! n. Opacity, obscurity. [Bare. ] "This opaque of nature and of soul." Young: Night Thoughts, i, 43. O paqne ly (o-pak'ly), adv. In an opaque man- ner; darkly, obscurely, dimly. O pen (open), a. Open-bill, Open-beak: (Ornith.) Anastomus, a genus of Ciconiidse, sub- family Ciconiinse (True Storks). Open-credit: (Com.) Credits given by bankers to their clients without personal guarantees or deposit of securi- ties. Open-diapason: (Mus.) The name in England of the chief open foundation stop of an organ. On the manuals it is of metal, on the pedal organ of metal or wood. The metal pipes of this stop are cylindrical, and are usually made of spotted metal, or of an equal mixture of tin and lead. This stop is of eight feet length on the manuals, and sixteen feet on the pedals, un- less stated to the contrary on the register. Open-flank: (Fort.) That part of the flank which is covered by the orillon. Open-harmony: (Mus.) Chords formed by as equidistant a dispo- sition of the parts as possible. Open-tide: (a) Early spring; the time when flowers begin to open; the period between Epiphany and Ash- Wednesday. (b) The time after corn is carried out of the field. [Prov. -Eng.] Open-work: Work, especially of an ornamental nature, made so as to show openings through its substance. O pe ra-liat (dp'e-ra-hat), n. A folding hat of felt, silk or fur. Op er a tion (tfp'er-a^tion), n. 1. (Math.) Something to be solved or worked out; generally some transformation to be effected upon quanti- ties, which transformation is denoted either by rules or by symbols. " The very quantities which we should other- wise have to calculal e by long and tedious opera- tionsi."—Herschel: Astronomy (ed. 5th), § 292. 2. (Mil. and Naval) The carrying out of pre- concerted plans by regular movements; a series of military or naval movements. " In war every operation, from the greatest to the smallest, ought to be under the absolute direction of one mind."—Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. v. Op er a tive ly (dper-a-tlve-l^), adv. In an operative manner; with operation. " If . . . the art of the shipwright were in the timber itself, operatively and effectually, it would there act just as nature doth."—Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 155. O per en lar (o-p&r'eil-lar), a. [Lat. opercul (vm): Eng. adj. suff. -ar.] Pertaining to or hav- ing an operculium; operculate. O per en late (o-per cu-late), a. Opercular. Op er et ta (op'er-et'ta), n. [Ital., dimin. of opera. ] (Mus.) A short opera, or musical drama of a light character. Op er owe ly (op'er-Ose-ly), adv. In anoperose or laborious manner. Op er ous (op'er-ous), a. [Lat. operosus.'] La- borious, operose. [Obs.] " Written language, as it is more operous, so it is more digested and is permanent."—Hol-den: On Speech. Op er ta ne ous (fip'er-ta^ne-ous), a. [Lat. opertaneus, from operio—to shut, to close.] Se- cret, hidden, private. [Obs.] O plii o mor pliite (o'phi-o-mor^phite), n. (I'aleon.) An ammonite. Oph thai mo (of or op-thai'mo), pref. [Gr. 6/. Gr. biriaQev (opisthen)> =behind, at the back.] Situated on, pertaining to, or connected with the back or rear. Op is thog ra phy (<3p/is-th6g//ra-phy), n. [Pref. opistho-, and Gr. ypa^ui (grapho) — to write.] The art of writing upon the back of anything; espec., something written upon the back of a leaf or sheet which is already written upon on one side. O por i ee (o-por'i-QG), n. [Gr. bnoopiKos (opor- Icos ), from bntopiKyj (oporike), from ant*pa (opora) = autumnal fruits.] (Med.) A medicine consist- ing of autumnal fruits (especially quinces, pom- egranates, etc.) and wine. Formerly used as a remedy in dysantery, diseases of the stomach, and the like.—Dunglison. Op pie tion (dp-ple'tion), n. The act of making full; the state of being filled up; fullness. [Obs.] —Gentleman Instructed, p. 309. Op por tune (op/por-tune/')i v. t. To suit, to accommodate. [Obs.] Op por tu ni ty (dp'por-tu^ni-t^), n. 1. Oc- currence, occasion. [Obs.] 2. The act of importuning;earnestness. [Obs.] 3. Character, habit. [Obs.] — Halliwell. To take an opportunity: To avail one's self of a convenient or favorable time or occasion. "I shall take an early opportunity of resigning my place."—Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xvii. Syn.—See Occasion. Op po site (dp'po-gite), a. (Bot.) Placed on the opposite sides of some other body or thing, and on the same horizontal plane. Used of leaves with respect to the stem, of branches with respect to the trunk, of the embryo with respect to the lateral endosperm, etc. Op press nre (dp-pr&sh'ttre), n. [From op- press, as pressure from press.] Oppression. [Obs.] "The oppressures that exercis'd the defense^ and patience of one man."—Hacket: Life of Will- iams, ii, 222. Op tative ly (op^a-tive-ly), adv. 1. In an optative manner; by desire. 2. (Gram.) By means of the optative mood. Op tic, Op tic al (op'tic, op'tie-al), a. Optic axis: (Crystallog., etc.) The line in a double refracting crystal in the direction of which no- double refraction occurs. In some form of crys- tals there is but one optical axis, in others there are two. Optical-glass: Glass manufactured lor optical purposes. It is of various densities, ac- cording to the purpose for which it is intended, but the cardinal requisite is perfect homoge- neity. Optical-square: A reflecting instrument used by surveyors and others for laying off lines at right angles to each other. It consists of a. box containing two plane mirrors, set at an angl3 of 45° with each other, so that the image of an object reflected from one mirror to the other will form an angle of 90° with its true position, indicating the correct direction in which a per- pendicular offset to the main line shall be measured. Optical-telegraph: (a) A semaphore, (b) An electric telegraph of the needle or pointer- class. Op ti mate (op'ti-mate), a. [Lat. optimas, genit. optimatis—an aristocrat, from optimus= best.] Relating or belonging to the optimates- or aristocracy; noble. [Rare.] Op tion (tij/tion), n. (Church of Eng.) The right of choice which an archbishop had of any one ecclesiastical preferment in the gift of any of his suffragan bishops, after he had been con- secrated by him. Syn.—Option, Choice. We speak of option only as regards one's freedom from external constraint in the act of choosing: one speaks of choice only as the simple act itself. The option or the power of choosing is given; the choice itself is made: hence we say a thing is at a per- son's option, or it is his own option, or the option is left to him, in order to designate his freedom of choice more strongly than is expressed by the word choice itself.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, u, y, long; a, 6,!, o. ii, y, short; cftre, fftr, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; $ as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; tfa as in thine. t/BF On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged* Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.OPULENCY 562 ORNITHICHNOLOGY Op u len ©y (Op'a-len-Qy)i n. Opulence. [Rare.] O ]>un ti a (O-piin'shl-a), n. [From Opus, a ciiy of Locris, where some species abound.] (Bot.) Indian fig; the typical genus of the fam- ily Opuntidas. The stem consists of flat joints broader above than below, at length becoming cylindrical and continuous. All the species were originally American. Opuntia vulgaris is indig- enous in tropical America, Bermuda, etc., wThence it has been introduced into southern Europe; its fruit imparts a red tinge to the urine of those who eat it. ts pus (0 pus, pi. op'er-a), n. [Lat.] A work; specif. (Mus.), a musical composition num- bered for convenience of reference and distinc- tion. In this sense frequently abbreviated to op. i>r (Or), adv. [A. S. eer=ere.] Ere, before that; sooner than. [06s.] "Or I could make a prologue to my brains, They had begun." Shakesp.: Hamlet, v, 2. Or ere, or e'er, or ever: Before that; ere ever. "Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio!" Shakesp.: Hamlet, i, 2. It is probable that or ere arose as a redupli- cated expression, in which ere repeats and ex- plains or; later this was confused with or o^er, whence or ever. —Skeat. Dr ange (Or'enj), n. A secondary color, pro- duced by the mixture of the primaries red and yeilow. It is contrasted by blue, and its type may be seen in the garden marigold. "A scarf of orange round the stony helm." Tennyson: Princess (Prol., 102). Orange-oil: (Cfiem.) The oil obtained from the rind of the sweet orange. It consists mainly of a dextro-rotatory terpene, closely resembling terebenthene, having a sp. gr. of .85 at 15°. Orange-pippin: A species of apple. Or a tor i ©lis (Ora-tor^i-oas), a. [Lat. orator- ius, from_ora£or.J Oratorical, rhetorical. [06s.] Or a tor i ©ws ly (Or'a-tor^i-otis-ly)* adv. In an oratorical manner; rhetorically. "Nor do they oppose things of this nature ar- gumentively, so much as oratoriously."—Bp. Taylor: Artificial IRmdsomeness, p. 115. Or a tor ize (Or'a-tor-ize), v. i. To act the ora- tor, to harangue. [Rare.] "Mr. Pickwick oratorizing, and the crowd shouting."—Dickens: Pickwick, ch. xxiv. Orl> (Orb), n. 1. (Old Astron.) One of the hollow and transparent globes or spheres, inclosed one within another and concentric, which was conceived by ancient astronomers to carry with them the planets in their revolutions. That in which the sun was placed was called the orbis maximus, or chief orb. 2. (Arch.) A boss or knot of foliage, flowers, or other ornaments in cornices. 3. (Her.) A globe encircled bearing a cross; d mound, "Presented with the Bible, the spurs, and the orb."—Macaulay: Hist. Engch. xi. Orb (Orb), n. [O Fr. or6e, from Lat. orbus=be- reaved, deprived.] (Arch.) A mediaeval term for a blank or blind window or panel. Orb i ©le (Orbl-ele , n. [Lat. orbiculus, dimin. of orbis=an orb.] A little orb, globe, sphere, or ball. [06s.] "Such wat'ry orbicles young boys do blow." G. Fletcher: Christ"1 s Triumph on Earth. Orbicular (or-ble'u-lar), a. Orbicular-bone: (Anat.) A name formerly given to the orbicular process (q. v.), which in childhood is really a separate bone. Orbicular-ligament: (Anat.) A ligament connecting the head of the radius with the small sigmoid cavity of the ulna. Called also the annular ligament. Or btc u lus (or-bie/Q-lus), n. [Lat., dimin. from orbis.'] (Bot.) (a) An appendage of a flower forming a thick, solid mass, covering over the ovarium, and adhering to the stamens, as in Sta- pelia. (b) PI. The circular bodies found in the cup of a Nidularia. Orb it ar (0rb7it-ar), a. Orbital. [Bare.] Or bit u ary (or-bit'u-ar-y), a. Belonging or pertaining to an orbit; orbital. [Rare.[ Or ©a di an (or-ea'dl-an), a. [From a promon- tory in Caithness, called by Ptolemy Orcas.] (Geog.) Pertaining or relating to the Orcades or Orkney Islands. Or ©hard (orchard), n. Orchard-grass: (Bot.) Dactylis glomerata: A species of tall grass which ^ grows in shady places. Orchard-house: A glass- roofed house, with sloping roof, in which fruit- trees, too delicate to be exposed to the open air, are cultivated by means of artificial heat. Or- chard-oriole: (Ornith.) Emberiza oryzivora; the Bob-o-link. Or ©he s©g ra phy (Or'ehe-sOg^ra-ph^), n. [Gr. bpxyiu) (gra- pho) — to write, to describe; Fr. orchesographie.] A treatise upon dances or dancing. Or ©lies trie (or-ches'trie), a. Pertaining or relating to an orchestra; orchestral. Or ©hid (Or chid), n. [From Lat. orchidem, ac- cus. of orchis.] A plant of the genus Orchis, the order Orchidacese, or the alliance Orchidales. Or ©liid ol © gist (Or'chid-ol^o-glst), n. One who is versed in orchidology. "The first inflorescence which the celebrated orchidologist received."—Gardeners Chronicle, No. 403, p. 380 Or ©hid ol © gy (Or'chid-Ol^o-g^), n. (Nat. Sci- ence) That branch of botany which relates to orchids. Or da li an (or-da'li-an), a. Pertaining or re- lating to trial by ordeal. [O&s.] "To revive the old ordalian trial used by our Heathen ancestors."—Bp. Hall: Cases of Con- science, Dec. 2, case 2. Or de al (or-d^al), a. Pertaining to or connect- ed with trial by ordeal: as, ordeal laws. Or del* (Or der), n. Close order: (Mil.) Said of the rankii when drawn up at the distance of one pace between each other. In order: (a) In proper, fit, or normal state or condition, (b) With a view; for the purpose; to the end. Open order: (Mil.) Said of the ranks when drawn up at the distance of two paces between each other. Order in council: An order issued by the sovereign with and by the advice of the privy council. Order of battle: (Mil.) The disposition of troops according to the nature of the ground, and other circumstances, for the purpose of engag- ing an enemy, either in attack or defense. Order of the day: (Mil.) Specific commands or notices issued by a superior officer to the troops under his command. Or del* (Or'der), v. t. Order arms: (Mil.) A word of command at which the rifle is brought to a position with its butt resting on the ground. To order arms: To bring the rifle to a position with its butt resting on the ground. To order about: To give orders to, as to a servant; to treat as a servant or inferior. "He would not be ordered about by Cannon."— Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiii. Ol* der ly (Or der-ly), n. A private soldier or non-commissioned officer who attends upon a superior officer to carry orders, messages, etc. "Two orderlies were appointed to watch the palace."—Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xxi. 2. A man employed to keep the public streets clean by sweeping. "The orderlies keep the streets free from mud in winter and the dust in summer."—Mayhew: London Labor and London Poor, ii, 294. Or din ali sm (Or'din-al-ism), n. The quality or condition of being ordinal. [Rare.] Or di na ry (Or'di-na-ry), a. Syn.—Ordinary, Common. When these words signify of frequent use, common refers to what is done by many per- sons; ordinary, to what is apt to oome round in the regular succession of events, or is repeated many times. Thus, the act of dining is a common practice because it is done by many persons; it is an ordinary practice because it is repeated every day. When used in the sense of inferior, com- mon denotes want of attraction or interest; ordi- nary, want of distinction.—Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Or din ar y ship (Or'din-ar-y-ship), n. The state, position, or office of an ordinary. Or don nant (Or'dOn-nant), a. [Fr., pa. par. of ordonner=to ordain.] Pertaining to or imply- ing ordonnance. Ore © (dr'e-d), pref. [Gr. opo? (oras)= a mount- ain.] Pertaining to or co mected with mountains; inhabiting mountains. O re © graph i© (O're-o-gr&ph^ic), a. Relating to or «onnected with oreography. Or gan (Or'gan), w. Cabinet organ: (Mus.) An organ for house use, superior to the common reed organ. Hand-organ: An organ arranged to play automatically from a rotary motion; its parts consist of the pipes, arranged vertically in the front, the barrel, placed at the top and back, the keys, vertically between the two, the bellows under the barrel, and the grinding and shifting gear at the side. [Musical-box/] Organ-har- monium: (Mus.) A large harmonium or cabinet- organ. Organ-ling: (Ichth.) A large kind of ling. Or gan (Or'gan), v. t. To furnish with an organ or organs; to organize; to form organically. [06s.] " Thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions."—Mannyngham: Discourse, p. 89. Or gan i ©ism (or-g&n'I-cigm), n. [Fr. organ- icisme.] (Pathol.) The hypothesis that every disease springs from the lesion of some particu- lar organ. Or gan if i© (Or'gan-if^ie), a. [Lat. organum = an organ, and facio=to make.] Forming or- gans or organisms; producing an organized struc- ture; acting through or derived from organs. Or ga liiz a bil i ty (Or'ga-niz'a-biM-ty), n. The quality or state of being organizable; capa- bility of being organized or turned into living tissues. Or gan iz a ble (Or^gan-iz'a-ble), a, Capable of being organized, or of organization. "In the midst of an organizable fluid or blas- tema."—Carpenter: Animal Physiology, ch. i. Or gan ize (Or'gan-ize), v. t. (Mus.) To sing in parts: as, To organize the Hallelujah. [Rare.] Or gan © (Or'gan-O), pref. [Organ.] Relating to or connected with an organ or organs. Or gan © me tal lie (or'gan-o-me-tai^lic), «. [Pref. organo-, and Eng. metallic.] Kelating to the combination of certain metals with organic radicals. Organometallic-bodies: (Chem.) Com- pounds of hydrocarbon radicals with monad, dyad, and tetrad metals, e. g., sodium ethide, zinc methide, stannic dimethyl di-iodide, etc. Or ga n©n (Or'ga-norn), n. Novum Organon: The name given by Bacon to the book in which he developed the inductive system of philosophy. Or gan ©S c© py (Or'gan-Os^eo-py), n. [Pref. organo-, and Gr. t cont lined in the original Webster.OSTEOPTERY GIOU S 564 OUTGROUND Os te op ter yg i ous (6s te-6p/ter-yg//i-oii8), a. [Pref. osteo-, and Gr. irTtpvi- (pterux), genit. 7rrepv- 70s {pterugos) = a wing.J (Ichth.) Having bony fins. The same as Acanthopterygious. Os te ot omy (6s7te-6t;/o-my), n. [Osteotome.] That branch of anatomy which treats of the dis- section of bones. Ost ler ess (6s7ler-£ss), n. A female ostler. "A plump-armed ostleress and a stable wench came running."—Tennyson: Princess, i, 223. Os tra ci Oil (6s-tra ^i-6n), n. [Gr. oa-rpaKLOv (ostrakion), dimin. from ocrrpaKov (ostrakon)=a 6hell.] {Ichth.) Coffer-fish; the sole genus of the group Ostraciontina. The carapaces of some species are three, of others four and five ridged, and some are provided with long spines. Twenty- two species are known from tropical and sub- tropical seas. Ltitken considers Ostracion boops to be the young of a sunfish. Called also Trunk- fish. Os tra iilte (ds'tra-nlte), n. [Named after the Scandinavian goddess of Spring, Ostra (Ostara).] {Min.) An altered form of Zircon. Os tre a ceoiis (ds''tre-a77shiis), a. [Lat. ostrea = an oyster. J Belonging or pertaining to the Os- tracea. or oysters. O s tre oph a gist (tfs'tre-tfph^'a-gTst), n. [Gr. oarpeof (ostreon i —an oyster, and ayeii' (ph-agein) — to eat. J One who eats or feeds upon oysters; an oyster-eater. Ostrich (6s trlch), n. The name Ostrich is often given loosely to a large South American bird of. the genus Rhea. Ostrich-farm: A farm on which ostriches are domesticated and bred for the sake of their feathers. "The formation in the Cape Colony ... of nu- merous ostrich-farms."—Encyc. Brit. (ed. 9th), xviii, 63. Ostrich-farming: The occupation of breeding ostriches for the sake of their feathers. It is un- certain who was the first to commence the prac- tice in South Africa; but between 1850 and 1860 Mr. Kinnear, of Beaufort "West, had a flock of do- mesticated ostriches. The French Society of Acclimatization had previously tried the experi- ment in Algeria. "Twelve or fifteen years ago ostrich-farming was unknown at the Cape."—Silvers Handbook to South Africa (ed. 1880), p. 226. Os trif er ous (ds-trlf'er-otis), a. [Lat. ostrea— an oyster, and/ero=to bear, to produce.] Oyster- producing; containing oysters. O tal gie (o-tai7gie), n. {Med.) A remedy for curing earache. Ot, Oto (Ot-, o-to-), pref. [Gr. o£s (ous), genit. o>t6s {otos) — an ear.] Pertaining to, or in any way connected with, the ear or the sense of hear- ing; resembling an ear. Oth er ness (oth'er-n&ss), n. The quality or condition of being other; alterity; difference. O ti ose (O'shl-Ose), a. [Lat. otiosus, from otium =leisure.] At leisure, at ease, unemployed, idle, lazy. "Such stories of supernatural events as re- quire, on the part of the hearer, nothing more than an otiose assent."—Paley: Evidences, vol. i, ch. i. O tis (07tis), n. [Lat., from Gr. am's (otis) = Otis tarda.] {Ornith.) Bustard. The typical genus of the family Otididoe. O ti lis (6-ti7tis), n. [Gr. o3s (ous), genit. toros (otos) =the ear; suff. -itis.] {Pathol.) Inflamma- tion of the ear: earache. It is attended by severe pain. In the worst cases it ends in Otorrhcea. Called also Otalgia. O-to- (o-tO-), pref. [Ot-.] Oto co nium, O toco nit e (6t7o-e07/ni-tim, o-t<3e7o-nite), n. [Pref. oto-, and Gr. kovis (fcoms)=dust.] {Anat.) The ear-dust in man. (Otolith.] ® tog ra phy (0-t6g/ra-phy), n. [Pref. oto-, and Gr. ypd(f)io {grapho) —to write, to describe.] A description of the ear. O to lite, O to litli (O'to-llte, o7to-lith), n. [Otolithus.] (Compar. Anat.) PL Small bones suspended here and there in the ampullar and semicircular canals in the internal ear of fishes; also small concretions in the auditory sacs of Crustacea and other invertebrate animals. They correspond to the human otoconium (q. v.). Foster thinks they may act as dampers. O tol i thus (o-tdl7i-thiis), n. [Pref. oto-9 and Gr. XiQos {lithos) = & stone.] {Ichth.) A genus of Scijenidae. Snout obtuse or somewhat pointed, the lower jaw projecting; canine teeth more or less distinct; scales of small or moderate size. About twenty species, from the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. O tol O gy (0-t61/o-^), n. [Pref. oto-, and Gr. Aoyo? {logos)=a word, a discourse.] {Anat.) That branch of anatomy which deals with the ear; a description of the ear. O top a thy (0-t6p a-thy), n. [Pref. oto-, and Gr. irdOos {pathos) =suffering, pain.] A disease affect- ing the ear. Ot ter (tit ter), n Otter-dog, Otter-hound: A species of hound used to hunt otters. Ot to mite (ot to-mite), n. [Ottoman.] An Ottoman or Turk. [Rare.'] "Europe's bulwark 'gainst the Ottomite." Byron: Childe Harold, iv, 14. Ot tre lite (6t7tre-lite), n. [After Ottre{z), Belgium, where found. {Min.) A variety of Phyllite, occurring in small scales in a clay slate. Oil a rilie (ou7a-r!ne), n. [Fr.] {Zool.) A Bra- zilian species of monkey belonging to the genus Myctes. Ought (awt), v. imp. or auxiliary. Syn.— Ought, Should. Both these words imply an obligation; but ought is the strongest term, de- noting an obligation of duty. Should implies a social obligation. We ought to love our par- ents, be honest, obey the laws, speak the truth, etc. We should be kind to our inferiors, avoid giving offense, be neat and clean in our person, etc.—Fall ores' Synonyms Discriminated. Ought nesh (awt/ness), n. The quality or state of being as a thing ought to be; tightness, fitness. [Rare. ] Ou long fou'long), n. See Oolong. Oil lor rlia gy (ou-lor'rha-gy), n. [Gr. ovKov {oulon) — \he gum, and po-yr} (■rhage) — & bursting through.] (Pathol.) Bleeding from the gums. Ouiiile (ounde), n. [Fr. onde, from Lat. unda — a wave.] Work waving up and down; a kind of lace; a curl. [06s.]—Halliwell. Ou ret ic (ou-r6t7ie), a. The same as Uretic. Ourn (ourn), a. A vulgar corrupt, of our or ours. Out (out), n. 1. One who is out of office or em- ployment; specif, in Politics, one out of office. (Rarely in the singular.) [In, n.] 2. A nook, a corner; a projecting angle; hence, the ins and outs of a question, i. e., the full details. 3. An outing. [Colloq.] 4. {Print.) One or more words omitted by the compositor in setting up copy. To make an out: {Print.) To leave out something when set- ting up copy. Out (out), adv. Out of frame: Out of proper or- der; in confusion, disordered, irregular. Out of joint: [Joint, n., ^[.] Out of sorts: Indisposed, unwell; out of temper. Out of temper: In a bad temper; irritated, vexed. Out of trim: Not in good order; specif., said of a ship when not prop- erly balanced for sailing. Out of one's time: Having served one's apprenticeship. Out of tune: Discordant; not in tune. Out of twist, out of throw: The same as Out of winding. [Sco£c7i.] Out of winding, out of wind: Not having a wind or twist; brought to a plane, uneven; applied by artificers to surfaces. Out. to out: From outside to outside; so as to include the whole breadth, size, or thickness; applied to measurements. Out of cry, out of all cess., out of all whooping: Excessively; out of measure. "Wonderful, out of all ivhooping."—Shakesp.: As You Like It, iii, 2. Out of the way: (a) Away from populous districts; secluded, retired, unfrequented. (&) Unusual, excessive: as, The price is not out of the way. Out-of-door: {a) In the open air; out of the house: as, out-of-door exercise. (&) Beyond one's reach; not to be meddled with. "Nay, sirs, if Csesar writ, I ask no more; He's guilty, and the question's out-of-door Dry den: Juvenal, sat. x. Out-of-doors: Out of the house; abroad. Out of pocket: Actually paid or expended: as, out-of- pocket expenses. To be out of court: (a) To be unable to bring forward one's cause. Used specially of a plaintiff who does not bring his action within the period legally assigned him, which is the year after the serving of the sum- mons on the defendant. (b) {Fig.) To be silenced In argument; hopelessly to lose one's case. Out is largely used in composition with verbs with the force of excess or superiority; and with nouns and adjectives with the force of distance, as, outlying; or excess in quantity or degree. Out beg (out-bgg7), v. t. To surpass or exceed in begging; to beg more than. "She outbegg'd the tardy begging thief." Davenant: Gondibert, ii, 5. Out bel low (out-b617low), v. t. To bellow louder than. "The very beasts outbleat and outbellow him." —Bp. Hall: Great Imposter. Out blaze (out-blaze7), v. t. To blaze or bum more brightly than; to surpass in blazing or brightness. "Like soft, smooth oil, outblazing other fires." Young: Night Thoughts, iv, 585. Out bleat (out-bleat7), V. t. To bleat louder than. Out board (out7bord), a. {Naut.) A term ap- plied to anything outside a ship: as, outboard works, etc. Out bow (out-bow7), v. t. To excel or surpass in bowing. "He can outbow the bowing dean." Young: Satires. Out bowed, (out-bowed7), a. Bowed or bent outward; curved outward. "The convex or outbowed side of a vessel will hold nothing."—Bp. Hall: A Holy Panegyrite. Out brag (out-brag7), v. t. 1. To brag more than; to excel in bragging or ostentation. 2. To surpass, to excel in pride or beauty. [Obs.] "Whose bare outbragg'd the web it seem'd to wear." ShaJcesp.: Lover's Complaint. Out breast (out-breast7), v. t. To excel or surpass in power of voice; to outvoice.—Beaum. and, Flet. {?): Two Noble Kinsmen, v, 3). Out bribe (out-bribe7), x. t. To exceed or sur- pass in bribery; to give more bribes than. Out bring (out-bring7), v. t. To bring out; to utter. "He migkt a word outbring." Shakesp.: Troilus and Cressida. bk. iv* Out build ing (out77build7ing), n. An outhouse; a smaller building or shed away from the main building. Out clear ance (out-elear7anse), n. Clearance out of a port. Out court (out7eOurt), n. An outside court; the precincts. "The skirts and outcourts of heaven."— South: Sermons, vol. vii, ser. 11. Out cri er (out77cri7er), n. One who cries out; one who proclaims publicly; specif., a public crier; one who proclaims a sale. Out dream (out-dream7), v. t. To dream be- yond or till a thing is past. "To promise infinitely and outdream dangers." Beaum. and Flet.: Island Princess, iii, 1. Out dure (out-dure7), v. t. To last or endure longer than, to outlast. "And I feel myself With this refreshing, able once again To outdure danger." Beaum. and Flet.: Two Noble Kinsmen, iii, 6. Out er (out7er), n. An out-and-outer: One who or that which is pre-eminent in any respect. "Master Blive was pronounced an out-andr- outer."—Thackeray: Newcomes, ch. xvii. Out fall (out7fall), n. I. The point of dis- charge for, or the e nbouchure of a drain, cul- vert or sewer. 2. Usually the same as outcrop; strictly it is a seam cropping out of a lower level. 3. A falling out; a row. [Prov. Eng.] Out fang thef (out-fang'thef), n. [A. S. ut- fangentheof, from lit=out; fangen, pa. par. of fon—to take, and #heo/= a thief. ] [Infangthef.]; {Feud. Law) (a) A thief from without or abroad taken within a lord's fee or liberty, {b) The right or privilege of the lord to try such thief in his own court. Out field (out7field), n. 1. Arable land which is continually cropped without being manuredv until it becomes worn out. [Infield.] [Scofc/i.] 2. Uninclosed farm lands at a distance from the farmstead. [Scotch.] 3. {Cricket and Base-ball) The part of the- field at the greatest distance from the batsman. Out field er (ouf'fieid'er), n. {Cricket) A player who is posted in the outfield. Out fit ter (out77fit7ter), n. One who equips or fits out a person, ship, etc., for a journey, expe- dition, voyage, etc.; one who supplies the neces- sary equipment for a journey or voyage. Out flow (out-flow7), v. i. To flow out. Out flow (out flow), n. The act or state of flow* ing out; that which flows out: efflux. "The influx of foreigners and the outflow of natives."—Observer, No. 13. Out gaze (out-gaze7), v t. 1. To excel or sur- pass in sharpness of sight; to see farther or bet- ter than. [Rare.] 2. To gaze or stare out of countenance; to stare down. Out go (out-gO7), v. i. 1. To go out, to remove. 2. To come to an end; to terminate; to cease. Out go (out7go), n. That which goes or is paid out; expenditure; the opposite to income. Out ground (out7ground), n. Ground situate at Notation: a, e, l, 0, -Q, y, long; a, 6,1, 6. h, y, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; thfire, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde« push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 3 as z; 5 as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. ^flr*0n this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.OUTGROWTH 565 OVERCHARGE a distance from one's house or the main ground; outlying land. Out growth, (outgrowth), n. 1. That which grows out of or upon anything; an excrescence. 2. That which grows or proceeds from any- thing as a result of consequence; outcome. "Note the natural outgrowths of a morbid luxury." — J. W. Lea: Church and the World (1867 ), ess. 3. Out ing (outing), n. A feast given by an ap- prentice to his friends at the end of his appren- ticeship. [Prov. Eng.] Out laugh (out-iaf ), v. t. 1. To laugh louder or longer than; to exceed in laughing. "Each lady striving to outlaugh the rest." Dryden: Prol. to Arviragus and Philicia. 2. To laugh down; to overpower by laughing. Out lay (out-lay'), v. t. To lay or spread out; to display. ''Their boggy breasts outlay." Drayton: Poly-Olbion, s. 27. Out learn (out-lSarn'), v. t. 1. To surpass in learning or knowledge. 2. To learn from; to discover from. (Obs.] "When as nought according to his mind He could out learn.11 Spenser: F. Q.s IV, viii, 22. Outline (out'llne), n. Syn.—See Sketch. Out-lin e ar (out-lln'e-ar), a. Relating to or forming an outline. Out man tie (out-man'tle), v. t. [Rare.] To excel or surpass in dress or ornament. "With poetic trappings grace thy prose, Till it outmantle all the pride of verse." Cowper: Task, v, 680. Out-mount (out-mount'), v. t. To mount above or higher than; to excel, to surpass. Out ness (out'nSss), n. 1. The quality or state of being out or beyond; the state of being separate. it. (Metaph.) The state of the object a<* dis- tinguished from that of the subject; objectivity, externality. "A belief in the outness of the objects of sense."—Hamilton<: Annandale. Out-night (out-nit'), v. t. To excel or surpass in speaking of memorable nights. (Special coin- age.) [Obs.] "I would out night you, did nobody come." Shakesp.: Merchant, of Venice, v, 1. Out noise (out-noise'), v. t. To excel or sur- pass in noise; to transcend in noisiness. Out-patient (out"-pa tient), n. A patient who does not occupy a bed in an hospital, but who at- tends there to receive advice and medicine. Out quench (out-quench'), v. t. To quench, to extinguish. "Whiles the candle light Outquenched leaves no skill nor difference of wight." Spenser: F. Q., VI, xi, 16. Out race (dut-ra^e7), v. t. To race or fly faster than; to outstrip. "It rests upon the air, subdues it, outraces it." —Raskin: Queen of the Air, § 65. Out rake (out rake), n. 1. An expedition, a foray, an outride. (Obs.) 2. A free passage for sheep from inclosed pastures into open and airy grounds. [Eng.] —{Percy). Oil trance (o'trdngz"), n. [Fr., from O. Fr. outre (Lat. wi£ra)=beyond.] The last extremity; p contest, a outrance, that is one in which it is understood that one of the combatants must be killed before the contest ceases. Out rank (out-rank ), v.J. To excel in rank. Ou tre cui dance (oo'truh-kwe-ddngs'7), n. [Fr., from O. Fr. owfre=beyond, and cuidir=to think, from Lnt. cogito; Sp. and Port, cuidar.] Overweening presumption; arrogance, insolence. [Rare.] Out-ride (outride), n. 1. A ride or riding out; an excursion. 2. A place or space for riding. "Leave me a small outride in the country."— Somervile: To Mr. Hogarth. 3. An expedition, a f >ray, a raid. Out ring (out-ring'), v.t. To ring longer or louder than; to exceed in the noise of ringing. "Outring a tinker and his kettle." Corbett: Great Tom of Christ Church. Out road, Out rode (out'road, out'rode), n. An excursion. [Obs.]—I Maccabees xv, 41. Out ro manee (out'ro-manse'7), v. t. To sur- pass in romantic character. "Their real sufferings outromanced the fictions of many errant adventures."—Fuller: Church History. _ Out rooms (out'rooms), n. pi. Outlying offices or rooms.—Fuller: Holy State, III, ii, 23. Out rush (out-rtish'), v. i. To rush forth or out with force. "Forthwith out-rushed a gust." Garth: Ovid; Metamorphoses xiv. Out scent (out-sQent'), v. t. To exceed or sur- pass in odor; to smell more strongly than. Out sen try (out"s6n'try), n. (Mil.) A sentry posted some distance in advance of a place; an advanced sentry; an outpost. Out set tier (out"s6t'tler), n. One who settles away from the main settlement. Out shine (out-shine7), v. i. To shine; to emit luster.—Shakesp.: Richard III, i, 3. Out side (out'slde), n. One who or that which is on the outside; specif., a passenger trav- eling on the outside of a coach. " The out-sides did as outsides always do. They were very cheerful and talkative at the beginning of every stage."—Dickens: Pickwick, ch. xxxv. Outside (out'slde), adv. To or on the outside: as, He went outside; to travel outside. Out side (out'slde), prep. On or to the outside of; without. " Various telegraphic communications appeared to be passing out between them and some persons outside the vehicle."—Dickens: Pickwick, ch. 1. Outside-car: n. A jaunting-car. Out sid er (ouf'sld'er), n. 1. One who is uncon- nected or unacquainted with a matter in question; one who does not belong to a particular party, profession or set; a layman. [Recent.] " So far as outsiders can s^e. there is always the same cheerfulness "—Morning Post, Feb. 5, 1885. 2. (Locksmith) A pair of nippers with semi- tubular jaws, adapted to enter a keyhole and grasp the pin of a key, so as to ^nlock the door from the outside. Out sing (out-sing'), v. t. To sing more sweetly than; to excel in singing. " In sweetness the nightingale [will] outsing him.11—Breton: Dignitie of Man, p. 14. Out speed (out-speed'), v. t. To surpass in speed; to outstrip. Out spend (out'sp^nd), n. An outlay; that which is expended. Out standing (out-st&nd'lng), a. Remaining unpaid or uncollected; unsettled, not paid: as, outstanding debts. Outstanding-term: (Law) A term existing at law which might in equity be made attendant on an inheritance either by ex- press declaration or by implication. — Wharton. Out Siif fer (out-suf'fer), v. t. To transcend in suffering; to surpass in endurance of suffering. Out tell (out-tfill'), v. t. To tell or reckon more than; to exceed the reckoning of. " This is the place. I have outtold the clock, For haste." Beaum. and Flet.: Coxcomb, #, 1. Out term (out'term), n, Anything outward or superficial, as manner, or a slight remark. Out trav el (out-tr&v'el), v. t. To exceed in traveling either in distance or in speed.—Mad. D1Arbl-ay: Cecilia, bk. x, ch. ii. Out turn (out'tfirn), n. The amount of goods or produce turned out of a mine, factory, etc. "The gross outturn would be above the av- erage."—London Daily Telegraph, Feb. 14, 1885. Out twine (out-twine7), v. t. To disentangle, to disengage, to extricate. Out wards (out'ward§), adv. Toward the outer parts, from the interior or inside; out- ward. "The light falling on them is not reflected out- wards. —Newton: Opticks. Out way (outway), n Away out; an outlet. [Rare.] "Itself of larger size, distended wide, In divers streets and outways multiply'd." P. Fletcher: Purple Island, v. Out wear y (out-wear'y), v. t. To weary out; to wear oat. 44T' outweary them through all their sins' variety." Cowley: Davideis, iv. Ou zel (ou'zel), n. The same as Ousel. O val (O'val), a. Oval-chuck: (Lathe) A chuck invented by Sharp, for oval or elliptic turning. Oval-compass: A compass for describing ovals. Oval file: A file having an elliptical or oval cross- section. Used sometimes as a gulleting file. Oval of Descartes, Cartesian oval: (Math.) A curve such that the simultaneous increments of two iit es drawn from the generating point of the curve to two fixed points have always to each other a constant ratio. If the ratio is equal to — 1, the oval becomes an ellipse; if it is equal to +1, it is an hyperbola. O val i form (0-vai'i-f6rm), a. Oval, egg- shaped. O vant (o'vant), a. [Lat. ovans, pr. par. of ovo = to triumph.] Enjoying an ovation. [Obs.] —P. Holland: Camden, p. 42. O vari al (o-va'ri-al), a. Ovarian. O vate-a en mi nate (o'vate-a-eu'ml-nate), a. O vato-acu >i, inate. O vate-cyl in dra ceous (o'vate-^yl'ln-dra '- ceous), a Ovato-cylindraceous. O vate-ob long (o'vate-oblong), a. Ovato- oblong. 0 O va tion (o-va'tion ), n. An extraordinary and spontaneous exhibition of honor or respecc paid to one who is a favorite of the public. O vato-acu mi nate (o-va to-a-eu'mi-nate), a. (Bot.) Egg-shaped, and tapering to a point. O va to-cyl in lira ceous (o-va'to-eyl'in- dra"ceous), a. [Egg-shaped, with a convolute cylindrical figure; ovate but elongated so as to approach the form of a cylinder. Ov e al ty, Ov el ty (dv'e-ai-t^, 6v'el-ty), n. The same as Owelty. O ver (o'ver), a, 1. Upper, uppermost. [Obs.] "His overest sloppe it is not worth a mite." Chaucer: C. T., 16101. 2. Covering, outer; especially in composi- tion: as, over-shoes, etc. 3. Superior, higher; as, an orer-lord. Over action (o'ver-ac'tion), n. Excessive or exaggerated action. O ver ac tive (o'ver-ac/7tive), a. Too active; active to excess. O ver af feet (o'ver-af-feet"), v. t. To affect love or be disposed toward too much. "Yet can I not so overaffect it."—Bp Hall: To Lord Bishop of Salisbury. O ver anx i et y (o'ver-ang-zi'7e-ty), ?i. The quality or state of being over anxious; very great anxiety. O ver anx ious ly ( lick over; to pass the tongue over.—Tubervile: Epiloge to his Book. O ver light (O'ver-lit'7), a. Too light, too frivo- lous, too trifling; giddy. "Ever over light and merry."—Ascham. O ver log ic al (O'ver-log^ie-al), a. Too logic- al; keeping too closely to forms or rules of logic. O ver lus ty. (o'ver-lus^ty), a. Too lusty, lively or merry; too licentious. "The confident and overlusty French." Shakesp.: Henry V, chorus iv O ver ly (0'vGr-ly), adv. 1. Carelessly, inat- tentively, slightly. "Thou doest this overlie, or onely for an out- ward showe."—Baret: Alvearie (1580). S5. Too much; excessively; above measure; extremely. 3. Oppressively. [O&s.]—Stanihurst: Ireland, p, 22. O ver ly ing (O'ver-iy'Ing), p. a. (Geol.) A term used by Dr. MacCulloeh and others for volcanio rocks, which often overtop other strata and spread over them. It is opposed to underlying (q. V.). o ver mag ni fy (over-mftg^nl-fy), v. t. To ra agnify too much or to excess. O ver mal a x>ert (o/ver-mai//a-p£rt), a. To® malapert or impudent. "Others of them overmalapert and censorious." —Prynne: Histrio Mastix (Pref.). O ver man ner (o^ver-miWner), adv. Abor© measure; in excess; excessively. **Overmanner we weren greued overmyght."— Wycliffe: 2 Corinth., i. O ver march (o ver-march"), v. t. To cause to march too long or too far; to exhaust or over- fatigue by too long marching. "The Prince his horse were overmarched Baker: Charles I (an. 1643). O ver nied die (o/ver-m6d//dle), v. I. To med- dle too much. O ver mel low (o'ver-mel'low), a. Too mel- low, too ripe. O ver mer it (o'ver-mSr^it), n. Excessive merit or desert. "An overmerit made against him."—Bacon: Henry VII, p 133. O ver mic kle (O'ver-mic^kle), a. and adv. Overmuch; too much. [Prcw. Eng.] O ver mod est ly (o'ver-mOd^Sst-ly), adv. In an overmode-t manner; too modestly; with ex- cessive modesty. " Over modestly forbear the occasion of making themselves great." —Raleigh: Hist. World, bk. Yt ch. v, § 4. O ver more (O'ver-mOre'Oi adv. Beyond, far- ther, moreover. O ver mor row (oVer-mOr^rOw), a. The day after to-morrow. "To daye, to morrow, and over mor row."—To- bias, viii (1551). Over multiply (O'ver-mul^ti-piy), v. t. To multiply or repeat too often. "In over multiplying and in overmagnifying of it."— Bp. Hall: Sermons; Philip, iii. O ver nice (o/ver-niQe//) a. Nice, delicate, or fastidious to an excess: too nice or delicate. "Away with such overnice and curious com- panions."—Bp. Hall: NoaWs Dove. O ver nice ly (O'ver-nige'ly), adv. In an over- nice or fastidious manner; too nice or fastidi- ously. O ver night (O^ver-nlght'), adv. 1. In the course of the night or evening; in the evening before. 2. During or throughout the night: as, He stayed overnight. O ver nu mer ous (o7ver-ntl//mer-oil8), a. Toe numerous; excessive in number. "They are not over numerous."—Grew: Cosmo. Sacra, ch. viii, § 43. O ver pam pered (o/,ver-p&m//pered), a. Fed or clothed too luxuriantly. "Great Ganges . . . Gilds with his glistering sands the overpam- per'd shore." Drayton: Poly-Olbion, s. 15. O ver part (o'ver-part7), v. t. To assign too difficult a part to. O ver pes ter (oVer-pSs^ter), v. t. To pester to excess. " The camp was overpestered with those who had been abroad."—Raleigh: Hist. World, bk. ii, ch. xiv, § 4. O ver please (o'ver-please"), v. t. To please, delight, or gratify to excess. "The senses love not to be overpleased.—Bacon: Nat. Hist., § 835. O ver po tent (o'ver-po^tent), a. Too potent, too powerful; overpowering. "Thou the sooner Temptation foand'st, or overpotent charms." Milton: Samson Agonistes, 427. O ver prais ing (o'ver-prais-ihg), n. Undue praise; flattery. "Serpent, thy overpraising leaves in doubt The virtue of that fruit." Milton: P. £., ix, 615. O ver proud (o'ver-proud"), a. Proud to ex- cess; too proud. "Being overproud with sap and blood." Shakesp.: Richard II, iii, 4. O ver prov i dent (o'ver-prOv^i-dent), a. Too provident or sparing; niggardly. O ver pro voke (o'ver-pro-voke'Oi To provoke too much. "It grieves him to be overprovoked to our punishment."—Bp. Hall: Occas. Meditations, 136. O ver reck on (o'vSr-rgek^on), v. t. To reckon too highly; to overestimate. Notation* a, 6, l, 0, 0, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, ft, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrU r^de, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; Qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; & as gz; u as in linger, link; th: as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester s Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.OVERRENT 5G7 OXALIS "If we will needs overreckon our condition, we do but help to aggravate our own wretchedness." — Bp. Hall: Balm of Gilead, § 9. O ver rent (0-ver-r6nt ), v. t. To rent too highly; to rackrent. O vcr right eous (o'ver-rl^chfts, G'ver-rlt-" vus i. a. Affecting excessive righteousness. O vcr rig id (0 ver-rigvid), a. Too rigid, too se- vere. O ver rig or OUS (o'ver-rlg^or-o&s), a. Too rigorous. 1 "These perchance are ovemrigorous."—Prynne: Histr-io-Mustix, v, 10. O ver run (o ver-rftn"), v. i. (Print.) To ex- tt'inl beyond the proper or desired length. O ve r scent (o ver-syent ') v. t. 1. To scent to excess. Si. To scent, so as to hide or disguise the orig- inal smell. o ver search (o'ver-s&arch"), v. t. To search ov.jr or through: to examine closely. "I had ovevsi'urched all my books."—Sir T.More: "IKorfces, p. 243. o ver we as oil (o'ver-seas^on), v. t. To season too much; to give too high or strong a relish, flavor or taste to. "Overseusori>d with base anger." Beaum. and Flet.: Pilgrim, iv, 2. O ver see fiVver-see"), v. t. To make an over- sight; to miss; to neglect to see or notice. O ver seer ship (o'ver-seer^ship), n. The oilice, position or station of an overseer. O ver shad Off y (o'ver-sh&d^dw-y"), a. Over- shadowing.—P. Holland: Pliny, xvi, 26. O ver shake (over-shake'), v. t. 1. To dis- perse. [C&.s'.J "That hast this winter's weather over shake." Chaucer: The Assembly of Fowles. *Z. To shake excessively. O ver shave (o'ver-shave'^ w. (Coopering) A jointer having a concave-edged bit, on which the backs of staves are dressed. O ver shine (o'ver-shme 7), v. t. 1. To shine upon, to illumine.—Shakesp.: 3 King Henry VI, ii, 1. 2. To outshine, to excel in luster. [06s.] —Gauden: Tears of the Church, p. 646. o ver shoe (o'ver-shoe), n. 1. An india-rub- ber shoe to protect the usual foot-covering while walking in muddy streets; a goloshe. 2. A shoe of buffalo-hide, hair inward, used iu sleighing or winter traveling.. O wr skipper (o'ver-skip^per), n. One who overskips. o ver slaugli (o'ver-slau"), v. t. [Dut. over- slaan—to skip over.] To hinder or stop the pas- sage of; to pass over in favor of something else; to obstruct: as. To overslaugh a bill in the legis- lature. r zt. s. j Over Slaugh (o^ver-slaugh'), n. A bar in a river over which it is difficult for vessels to pass during low water; specifically, a bar in the Hudson River, just below Albany. [U. £.]— Bartlett. O ver Slight (d'ver-sllt"), a. Too slight; too thin, too unsubstantial.—Bp. Hall: Of Contenta- tion, § 8. O ver slow (o'ver-slow"), v. t. To renderslow, to check, to slacken, to retard, [dfcs.] '"But . . . able to trash, or overslow this furi- ous driver."—Hammond: Works, iv, 563. O ver slow (o 'ver-siow'), a. Too slow. O vers man (x y-(Y'- pi-a), n. [Pref. oxy- (1), and Gr. oi/as (opsis) = sight. ] Acuteness of sight, arising from increased sensibility of the retina. Ox ypli o ny, Ox y pho ili a (6x-^ph o-ny, dxy-pho^ni-a), n. [Pref. oxy- (1), and Gr. (fxovij (phone)—sound, voice.] Acuteness or shrillness of voice. Ox yr i a (ftx-yr'i-a), n. [Gr. o£us (oxus) =sharp. Named from the acidity of the leaves.] (Bot.) Mountain-sorrel; a genus of Polygoneae. Only known species, Oxyria reniformis, the Kidney- shaped Mountain-sorrel. O zon i li ea tion (0-z0n'l-fl-ca//tion), n. The act of producing or converting into ozone. O zon lze (O zOn-'ize), v. t. To charge with ozone; to convert into ozone. O zon 0111 e ter (o'zon-dm^e-ter), n. [Eng. ozone. o connective, and meter.'] An instrument for determining the proportion of ozone in the atmosphere. Notation* a, e, 1, ft, tt, y, long; ft, £, !, <*>, u, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; tnere, veil, term; pique, firm; done, for, do, wolf, food, foot; fClrl, rude, push* e. i, o, silent; gas s; yh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; jasgz; n as in linger, lirik; th as in thine. gypn this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.o. 569 OCCULT O. o. The chemical symbol of oxygen. O. Llr.o, a descendant; Gael, ogha, Sc. oc, a grand- son.] A common prefix in Irish surnames, and equivalent to Mac, son of, in Gaelic and many Irish narnoa; as O'Conner, son of Conner; O'Neil, son of Neil. O, f «• One. 'He moste as wel sayn o word, as an other.' Chaucer. Oak (Ok), n. That which is made of oak, as a door, as used in the expression to sport one"s oak, to be 'not at home' to visitors ; notified by closing the outer or oak door of one's rooms. [Eng. University pL'ing, j — 27ie Oaks stakes, a race for three-year-old carrying a weight of 8 st. 10 lbs each, run at Epsom during the Derby week. [Eng. J Oak (Ok), n.—Oak-beauty (Entom.), the popular nr.me of a British moth (Biston prodromaria), of the family Geometridae, whose caterpillar feeds on the oak.—Oak-evergreen (Bot.), the Quercus Ilex of the south of Europe. — Oak-leather., a kind ot fungus- spawn found in old oak* running down the fissures, and when removed not unlike white kid-leather.— Oak-lungs (Bot.). n species of lichen, Sticta pulmo- ruicca ; lung wort.—Oak-spangle, a kind of gall on the leaves of the oak. — Oak-tree^ the oak: used ad- jective'y in extract. The nnk-tree clay. Ansted. Oak um (Ck'um). n. The coarse portion separated from tiax or hemp in hackling. Knight. Oak wart (tik'wsrt), n. An excrescence produced by the deposit of the eggs of an insect in the ten- der shoots of an oak ; an oak-apple or gall. Drowning' O an nes (0-3n'Sz), n. The Chaldean sea-god.' Oar(Cr), n. 1* {Brewing,) A blade or paddle with which the mash is stirred. Knight. 2. An oar-like appendage or swimming organ of an animal, as the neuropo.iium of an annelid. 3* An oarsman ; as, he if. an excellent oar. "Oar (Or), n.—Oar-fish, same as Ribbon-fish.—Oar- lock, a rowlock.—Oar-propeller, a device to imitate by machinery the act'on of sculling.—Oar-swivel, a kind of rowlock, a pivotal device for an oar on the gunwale of a boat.—Oar-weed (Bot.), a sea-weed of the genus Laminaria, L. digitata; sea-weed tangle: f>o called because it is liable to impede the oars of a boat. O a rl tis (0'a-rl"tis>\, n. [Gr. wapiov, the ovary, and itis, the termination denoting inflammation.] {Pathol.) Inflammation of the ovary; ovaritis. Oaft-fowl (Ot'foui). n. (Ornith.) A name some- times given to the Plectrophanes nivalis (snow-bunt- inc). ©a tii-rite (Oth'rlt), n. The form used aft the taking of an oath. Oaze (0z), n. Same as Ooze. Prof. Toung. O ban (fi'ban), n. The principal gold coin of Japan, worth about £4, 2s. or 120. Ob dure t (ob-dflr). a. Obdurate; bard. Webster. Ob dured t (ob-dQrd'), o. Same as Obdure. 'Arm the obdured breast.' Milton. O b© di enc© (o-bS'di-ens), ». 1* Words or action expressive of respect or reverence; dutifulness. 1 To apeak my thanks and my obedience.' Shak. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) A party of adherents; as, the Avignon obedience; the obedience of Gregory XTII., etc. (b) A written precept or othej- formal instrument by which a superior in a religious order communicates to one of his subjects any special precept or Instruction.—Passive obedience, unqual- ified obedience or submission to authority. O be dl en tial (o-bC di-?n' shal), a.—Obediential obligations (Scots Law), as opposed to conventional obligation*, are such as are incumbent on parties in consequence of the situation or relationship in whiob they are placed, as the obligation upon par- ents to maintain their children. Ob ject-find ©r (Ob"jekt-fTnd'er), n. In micro- scopes, an eye-piece of low power used lo search for An object to be afterward examined by a more pow- erful eye-piece. Ob ject t vat© (ob-j?k'ti-vat), v. f. To form into an object; to cause to assume the character of an ofc ject; to objectify. Ency. Brit Ob ject I va tion (ob-jSk'ti-v5"8hun), n. The act of forming into or causing to assume the character of an object. * The objectivation of Will.' Contemp. Rev. Ob ject IV© (ob-j5k'tTv), a.—Objective line (Persp.), eny line drawn on the geometrical plane, the repre* een'tation of which is sought in the draught or pict- ure.-.Objective pione, any plane situated in the hor- izontal plane, whose perspective representation is required.—Objective philosophy, another name for Transcendental philosophy. Ob ject ive (ob-jSk'tiv), n. 1. (Optics.; The ob- ject-glass of a microscope or telescope. 2. (Mil.) The object, point, or place, to or toward which a military force is to direct its march, or against which it is to make an attack. The column's objective was Ekowe, which it was to seize. Black iroud'x Mag. Objectivism (ob-j6k 'tlv-Izm), n. (Fine Arts, Poetry, etc.) That peculiarity or characteristic of au artist or a writer which leads him to deal with matters entirely apart from himself, so that his pro- ductions contain nothing of his own feelings or per- sonality. Written also Objectivity. Ob jec tiv ize (ob-jek'tiv-Iz), v. i. To ph ilosophize according to the objective philosophy. Objectize (Ob'jekt-Iz), v. t. To form into an object; to put in the positioQ of an object; to look upon as an object; to objectify. . Coleridge. Ob ject less (flb'jekt-les), a. Purposeless; without aim or object. C. Bronte. Ob ject-les son (6b"jekt-lSs n), n. A lesson to the young by presenting to the eye the object to be de- scribed or a representation of it. Ob ject-teacli ing (6b"jekt-tech'ing), n. A mode of teaching in which objects themselves are made the subjects of lesions, tending to the development of the observing and reasoning powers of children. This method is employed in the kindergarten and infant school. See Object-lesson. Ob jure (ob-jdr'), v. To swear. [R.J Objurino, foaming, imprecating. Ctrlyle. Ob lat (6b'lat), n. Same a« Oblate (which see). Ob late (Qb'ISt), n. [Lat. oblatus, offered, devoted.] (R. Cath. Ch ) (a) A secular person who, in the middle ages, devoted himself, his dependents and estates, to some monastery, into which he was ad- mitted a« a kind of lay brother, (b) A member of a congregation of secular priests who live in commu- nity, devoting themselves to the cure of souls under a bishop. Called also Oblate Fathers. Ob late (5b 1st), v. t. To offer as an oblation ; ta devote to the service of God or of the church. Oblation (ob-UVshuu), n. (Canon Law.) Ai thing offered to God and the church, whether mova- bles ot immovables. Ob li ga ble (6b lig-a-bl).a. Acknowledging, com- plying with, or fulfilling any promise, contract, or obligation ; trustworthy as to that which constitutes legal or moral duty. 'One man... .is oblig-ible; and another is not.' Emerson. Ob li gant (6bli-gant), n. (Scots Law.) One who binds himself by a legal tie to pay or perform some- thing to auother person. Ob lique (ob-15k' or ob-lIk'), a.— Oblique arch (Arch.), an arch whose direction is not at right an- gles to its axis ; a skew arch. — Oblique bridge, a skew bridge.—Oblique deployment (Mil.), a term applied to the component parts of a column when extending into line, and when they deviate to the right or left for the purpose of taking up an oblique position. Ob lite t (fifclltl, a. [Lat. oblitus, from oblino, to bedaub.] Dim ; indistinct; blurred over. Fuller. Ob lit er at ed (ob-lit'er-at-ed), p. a.—Obliterated vessel or duct (Pathol.), a vessel or duct whose walls have contracted such an adhesion to each other that the cavity has completely disappeared. Ob lit era tion (ob-lft er-S shun ), n. (Pathol) The closure of a canal or cavity of the body by ad- hesion of its walls. Ob o la ry (Ob o-13 ri), a. [Gr. 60oAo?, a small coin.] Pertaining to or con-isting of small coin; also, reduced to the possession of onl? the small- est coins ; hei ce, poor; sunk in poverty. Lamb. Ob o lite-grit (ob'o-llt-grit), n. (Geol.) The low- er silurian sandstone of Russia and Sweden. It has its name from the obolus, a branchiopod mollusc whose shell'' are very abundant in it. Ob O 1(18 (5bo-lus), n. 1. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil bivalves* belonging to the Lingula family. 2* (Greek Myth.) The coin paid by the souls of deceased persons to Charon for couveyiug them across the river Styx. Ob o void (Ob'o-void), a. (Bot.) Approaching the obovate in form; like au egg with the 6mall end downward. Ob sou rant 1st (Ob'sku-rSnfist), a. Pertaining to or involving obscurantism ; opposed to the prog- ress of knowledge or reform; promoting moral darkness. You working men complain of the clergy for being bigoted and obscurantist, and hating the cause of the people. C. Kingstey. Obscuref (ob-skt!r')» »• <• To hide; to oonoeai one's self; to become obscure. How ! there's bad news : I mu9t obscure and hear it. Beau. Fl. Ob sid i o Mai ( ob-sid'i-o-nal ), a. — Obsidional coinss coins of various base metals, struck in be- sieged places, as a substitute for current money. Ob so let ed (ftfr'so-iet'ed), a. Become obsolete ; neglected ; gone into disuse. Roger North. Ob so let ism (.6b'so-let-izm), n. A custom, fash- ion, word, or the like, which has become obsolete or gone out of use. A resuscitated obsolelism. Fitzedward Hall. Ob stl na tion j (5b'sti-na"shun), n. [Lat. obsti- natio.] Resolution; steadfastness; obstinacy. Jer. Taylor. Ob strep er ate (ob-str£p'er-5t), v. i. To make a loud, clamorous noise. Sterne. Ob s!rop ul ous (ob-strQp'uI-tts), a. A vulgar cor- ruption of Obstreperous. Ob struc tioBi ist (ob-struk shun-ist), n. One who hinders or interrupts progress or the transaction of business; au obstructive. Obtec to-venose (ob-tfek^to-vS'ijOp), a. (Bot.) A term applied to a leaf whose principal and-longi- tudinal veins are held together by simple cross- veins. Ob tem per (ob-t5m'per), v. t. (Scots Law.) To obey or comr y with a judgment of court; to imple- ment. Ob ten tion (ob-t8n'shun), n. The act of obtain- ing or procuring ; procurement. [R.] Ob tU ra tor (5b"tu-r5t er), n. (Surg.) A screw- shaped, pointed instrument used in cases of lithot- omy. Obtuse (ob-tCf'), a.—Obtuse leafsepals or petal (Bot.), one which is blunt at the end.—Obtuse '.\ucronateleaf, one which is blunt, but which ter- minates in a rounded point. Ob tu si ty (ob-tu'si-ti), n. Same as Obtuseness. Quart. Rev. O bus (G'bus), n. [Fr.] A small bomb; a shell. Obverse-lunate (fib''vers-I(I nat), a. (Bot.) Inversely crescent-shaped; that is, with the horns of the crescent projecting forward instead of back- ward. Ob ver sion (ob-v6r shun), n. 1. The act of ob- verting or turning toward or downward. 2* (Logic.) A logical term denoting the act of immediate inference, by which anyihing that is tha opposite of that which has been affirmed is denied ; as, all men are sinful, then by obversion, no men are free from sinfulness. O by (n'bi), n. Same az Obeah. O by ism (0 bi-Izm), ». The practice of witchcraft among the African negroes. Oc. The form assumed by the prefix ob before e, whether hard or soft, as occur, occiput. Oc, > A diminutive termination, especially common Ock. f • in Scotch words, but also «een in Eng., as bullocfr, hillocft. Oca (Cka), n. (Bot.) The name given in South America to two Columbian plants of the genus Oxalis, the O. crenata and O. tuberosa, which bear tubers like the potato. Oc ca my t (<5k'ka-mi), n. [A corruption of alche- my.J A mixed metal. Written also Ochimy, Oc/iy- my. The ten ^hillings, this thimble, and an occatny spoon from some other unknown poor sinner. Steele. Oc cip i tal (ok-slp'it-al), a.—Occipital bone, the pentagonal bone forming the posterior and inferior parts of the skull.—Occipital condyles, the condyles which connect the 6kull with the atlas vertebra.— Occipital foramen, an opening in the lower back part of the skull. Oc cip i to-fron ta lis (ok-Prp'i-tCS-fron-tiT'lis), n. [Lat.] (^4na<.) A single broad digrastic muscle that covers the cranium. It serves to raise the eye- brows upward, and at the same time draws up and wrinkles the skin of the forehead. , Oc elude (ok-kldd'), v. t. (Chem.) To absorb: ap- plied to a body absorbing and. as it were, concealing another, without chemical combination. Oc clud ed (ok-klQd'ed), p. a. Inclosed ; shut up; courenled : absorbed. This occlu.Ud gas is again given off. Madan. Oc clu sion (ok-klfl'zhun), ». (Chem.) The act of occluding or absorbing and concealing; the state of being occluded. Dr. H. More. Oc cult (ok-kult')i a —Occult diseases (Med.), those diseases the causes and treatment of which are not understood. ; oh,chain; g, go; j, Job; sg, sin?; On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. th, (Aen; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, asure; oo, food * oi, oil; on, pound. pbrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-OCCULT fOc cult (ok-kfilt')» v. t. To hide from view, as a heavenly body by the intervention of another heav- ' enly body ; to eclipse. Oceana (o-shS'a-na), ?n. (Geog.) A name O ce an I a (O'she-cWi-a),) often applied to a fifth division of the globe, comprising all the islands be- tween the south-east coast of Asia, and the west shore of America, including the Malay Archipelago or Malaisia, Australasia, and Polynesia. Written also Occanica. O ce an ic (O'slie-Sn^ik), a. Pertaining to Oceania (the inlands lying between Asia and America) or its inhabitants. Dr. Carpenter. Oc e an I ties (f>'sc-jTn//i-dGz), n. pi. (Greek Myth.) Nymphs of the oceau, daughters of Oceanus and Tethys. O ceun og rapliy (O'shun-tfg^ra-fi or O'she-an- ftg^ra-fi), n. | Gr. uxtavasy the ocean, and ypa$o>, to describe.] That brauch of geographical science ■ which treats of or describes the ocean. JO cean ol o gy (O'shuu-fir'o-ji or 0 she-an-5l//o-ji), \ n. That department of science which regards-the ocean ; also, a treatise on the ocean. O eel la ri a (O'sel-liVri-a), n. [See Ocellus.] (Geol.) A conical-shaped zoOphyte occurring in chalk-flints: so named from the numerous eye-like polyp cells whidh stud its surface. O eel late (o-sSl'at), a. Ocellated. O eel lus (o-sel'lus), n. pi. O eel 11 (o-sSl'H). fLat. ocellus, a little eye, dim. of oculus, an eye.] One of the minute simple eyes of insects, many echino- derms, spiders, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.; a stem- ma. O elter > (O'ker), n. Money, from the color of the O clire J gold. [Slang. Eng.] If you want to cheek U3, pay your ocher. Dickens, Och let 1c (ok-lCt'ik), a. {Med.) Of or belonging to the disorder arising from over-crowding termed ochlesis. Ocli n-a ce ae (ok-nS'se-6), n. pi. [Gr. ox"*?, a wild pear-tree, from the resemblance of the foliage to that of the pear-tree.] (Bot.) A small uat. order of plants nearly allied to the Rutaceae, and remark- able for their fleshy carpels being elevated upon an enlarged succulent receptacle. Oeh ra (6k ra), £ n. (Bot.) A plant, Abelmoschus Ok ro (6k 'ro), ) esculent us. 0 chre ous (O'kre-us), a. 1. Pertaining to ocher; consisting of ocher ; as, ochreous matter. 1 2. Resembling ocher; as, an ochreous color. 0ch ro ma (okrO'ma), n. [Gr., from u>xp°s, pale —referring to the flowers, leaves, and wool of the seeds.] (But.) A genus of plants of which the best known species is O. Lagopus, or hare's-foot. 0 cl mum (O'si-mum), n. Same as Ocymum. 0 ere a (O'kre-a), n. [Lat.] In ancient costume, a greave or legging, made of tin, bronze, or other metal, covering and protecting the front of the leg from the knee to the ankle. Octaedral (6k'ta-e"dral), a. Same as Octahe- dral. Oe ta e drite (flk'ta-S'Mrlt), n. Same as Octahe- drite. Oc ta e dron (0k'ta-5/;dron), n. Same as Octahe- dron. Oc ta e te ris (Sk'ta-e-tS^ris), n. In the ancient Greek calendar, a cycle or period of eight years, daring which three months of thirty.days each were intercalated, making the average length of the year 365J days. Octagon. (6k'ta-gon), n. (Fort.) A work with eight bastions. Oc tarn e ter (ok-tam'et-er), n. [Gr. ocrci, eight, and/aeVpov, a measure.] (Pros.) A verse of oight feet, like the following:— Once' u | pon' a ] mid night \ drea'ry, | as' I [ pou'- dered | weak' and | wea'ry. , Oc ta na (ok-tS'na), n. (Med.) A fever of which the parorysmsare said to return every eighth day. Oc tans (6k'tans), n. (Astron.) Octans Hadleianus (Hadley's octant), a constellation of Lacaille, situ- ated at thesouth pole, which it indicates. Oc tave (6k'tav), n. 1.- Iu the sonnet, tho first i. two stanzas of four verses cach. 2. A stanza of eight lines. Sir P. Sidney. 3* A name given to a small cask of wine ; the j eighth part of a pipe.—Octave coupler, an apparatus 1 for coupling two octave notes, capable of being at- 1 tached to the organ, piano, and other key-board in- j Ptruruents. Oc tet (6k'tet),n. (Mus.) A piece arranged for eight t parts. [R.j Oc to-bass (6k't0-b5s), n. (Mus.) A musical in- strument of the viol kind, the low octave of the vio- ! loncello. Knight. Oc to don (ftk'to-don), n. [Gr. ojctw, eight, and 66ous, oSovtos, a tooth.] (ZoOl.) A genus of small rodent mammals allied to the mice and rats. Only one species is known, the O. Degus of Chili. Oc to gyn i a (5k'to-jIn"i-a), n. [Gr. oktw, eight, and yvvrj, a female.] The name given by Linnaeus to thi^e orders of plants which have eight pistils in their nowers. Oc to pede (Qk'to-p6d), n. [Lat. ocfo, eight, and pes, pedis, a foot.] Au eight-footed animal. Hard-working octopedes. Lord Lytton. Oc to pod i dse (Ok'to-pBd^i-dg), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A family of dibranchiate Cephalopoda (cuttle-fishes), section Octopoda, comprising the poUlpes, charac- terized by eight arms, all similar, and united at the ^base by a web. Notation: fi, 5,1,0, fl, long; 8, 6, I, 6, ft, si On this page will be found words, cesters Unabridged Dictionaries. 570 Oc to pas (8Vto-pus), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of di- branchiate Cephalopoda, the type of Octopoda, and familiarly known as cuttle-fishes and poulpes. They have eight arms, which are united to each other by a membrane stretching between their bases. 111. PL 14, Fig. i. Oc to room (6k'to-r6n"), n. [Lat. ocio, eight.] The child of a quadroon and a white person. Oc tu plet (ek'tu-plet), n. (Mus.) A group of eight notes to be played in the time of six. Stainer and Barrett. Oc tyl (Ok'tll) n. (Chem.) (C8H17.) A hypothetical alcohol radicle, the best-known compound of which is hydride of octyl (CgH]g), one of the constituents of American petroleum. Also called Capryl. Oc tyl a mine (ok-tll'a-rafn),*!. (Chem.) (CgHio- N.) A colorless, bitter, very caustic liquid, having an ammoniacal, fishy odor, obtained by heating al- coholic ammonia with iodide of octyl. Also called Caprylamine. Oc ty lene (ttk'tll-Gn),n. (Chem.) (C8H16.) A hydro- carbon obtained by heating octylic alcohol with sulphuric acid or fused chloride of zinc. Also called Caprylene. Oc tyl ic (ok-tIl'ik),a. Of or pertaining to octyl; as, octylic alcohol. O cu ba-wax (o-kfl'ba-waks), n. A vegetable'wax obtained from the fruit of Myristica ocuba, officina- lis, or sebi/era. Oc u lar (tfk'fi-ler), a.—Ocular cone, the cone form- ed within the eye by a pencil of rays proceeding from an object, the base of the cone being on the cornea, the apex on the retina. Oc n lar (6k'tl-ler),n. (Optics.) The eye-piece of a telescope, microscope, or any other optical instru- ment. Oc u li na (Ok'U-Ifna), n. [Lat. oculus, the eye.] (ZoOl,) A genus of branching corals of the madre- pore family, so named from the eye-like polyp- eells on the branches. The common O. virginea is known as ' white coral,' in contradistinction to the Corallium rubrum or ' red coral.' Oc u lus (6k'fl-lus), n. [Lat., an eye.] (Bot.) An eye ; a leaf-bud.—Oculi cancrorum, crab's eyes.— Oculus cati. Same as Asteria.—Oculus Christie a European species of Inula (I. oculus-Christi).—Oc- ulus mundi. Same as Hydrophane. O cy mum (O'si-mum), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the nat. order Labiatse, having toothed leaves, and small, usually white flowers, with exserted stamens in terminal panicles or racemes. More correctly written Ocimum. O cyp o da (o-slp'o-da), n. [Gr. ukuj, swift, and 7toi)?, ttoSos, a foot.] (ZoOl.) A genus of brachyurous crustaceans, which live in holes in the sand along the sea-shores of warm climates, and hence are of- ten called sand-crabs. Ocypodtdse (0'si-p6d//i-dS), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A family of brachyurous crustaceans, of which the genus Ocypoda is the type; sand-crabs; racing crabs. O dal (6'dal), a. Same as Udal. O dal ler (O'dal-er), n. Same as Udaller. Odds (6dz), n. sing, and pi. 1* (Betting.) The amount or proportion by which the bet of one par- ty to a wager exceeds that of the other party. Sluik. 4 I'll take the odds against Caravan.' Disraeli. 2. Probability ; that which seems to justify the laying of odds on a particular alternative. The odds for high and low's alike. Shak. 3* In playing certain games, as tennis, etc., points given to a weaker side or player by a stronger. Ode-mak er (Od-'mak'er), n. A maker or com- poser of odes. Pope. O der ite (O'der-It), ». (Min.) The name given to a variety of blafik mica from Sweden. O dl al (O'di-al), n. A fiber of the young root of the Palmyra palm (Barasaus flabelliformia): such fibers are eaten in Ceylon. Od 1st (Od'ist). n. The writer or composer of an ode; an ode-maker. Antijacobin. Odom e try (0-d6m'et-ri), n. The measurement of distances traveled over by a carriage, etc. O don ta gra (o-d6n'ta-gra or O^don-tSg^ra), n. Gr. 65ou?, oSoi'tos, a tooth, and aypa, a seizure.] Med.) Toothache, as a consequence of gout or rheumatism. O don tas pis (O'don-tSs^pis), n. [Gr. oSou's, oBov- tos, a tooth, and aenrt?, a buckler.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil fishes, supposed, from their buckler- shaped teeth, the only parts, yet found, to have been allied to the shark. They occur in the chalk. O don ti a sis (O'don-tl^a-sis), n. [From Gr. oSov- tla«>, to put forth the teeth.] The cutting of the teeth; dentition. O don tt tls (O'don-Wtis), n. [Gr. oSous, oSovros, a tooth, and itis, a term signifying inflammation.] (Pathol.) Inflammation of the teeth. O don to ce ti (o-den'to-se^tl or o-dBn^to-sS'tl), n. pi. [Gr. oSous, oSovtosi a tooth, and ktjtos, a whale.] (ZoOl.) The toothed whales, in opposition to the whale-bone whales. The group of the Odontoceti consists of four families—the Delphinidce, or dol- phins and porpoises, the Catodontidcet or speraa- whales, the Rhynchocetl, or ziphioid whales, and the Zeuglodontidce. O don to glos sum (o-dBn^to-glBs^um), n. [Gr. o8ovs, oS6i>to<;, a tooth, and yAuxrcra, a tongue.] ( Bot.) An extensive genus of orchids, natives of Central America, much prized by cultivators for their mag- uificent flowers, which are remarkable both for tort ; a, e, i, o, a, obscure; fftr, fall, tyst, cAre; phrases and definitions NOT contained in (ENOMANIA their size and the beauty of their colors. 111. PI. 14, Fig. 6. O don to graph ic (o-dBn'to-gr&f'ik), a. Of or relating to odontography; descriptive of the teeth. O don to log ic al (o-dQn'to-lttj^ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to odontology. O don to pit o ra (0/don-t6f//o-ra or 6d/on-t6f"o- ra), n. pU [Gr. 68ov?, ofiovTo?, a tooth, and <^>cpw, to carry.] (ZoOl.) The name proposed by Huxley for the division of molluscs, otherwise called Enceph- ala or Cephalophora. O don to phore (o-dftn'to-fflr), n. (Cotnp. Anat.) The name given by Prof. Huxley to the so-called tongue or lingual ribbon of the Odontophora. O don to plio ri nas (o-d6n/tofo-rl//n5), n. pi. [See above.] (Ornith.) A 6ub-family of gallinaceous birds, family TetraonidEC, embracing the Americ&n partridges or qunils, so-called *srom the tooth-like processes on the lower mandible. O don tor ail than (o-d6n'tor-n!//than), n. (Pa- Icon.) One of the Odontornithidre. O don tor nith i doe (o-d6n 'tor-nlth^i-dS ), } O don tor ni tlies ( o-der'tor-nl^thSz), ) * pi. [Gr. ofious, oIovtos, a tooth, and opus, opi'iflos, a bird.J (Paleon.) A group of extinct birds whose jaws were furnished with teeth, found in the creta- ceous strata of Kansas. O don top ter is (0'don-t6p//ter-is or Od'on-tCp"- ter-is), n. [Gr. ofious, oSovtos- a tooth, and irrepif, fern.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil ferns, found in the coal-measures: so name'l from the tooth-like lobes of their leaflets. Odontosaurus ( o-dSn'to-sa^rus ), n. [Gr. oSous, oSoj/tos, a tooth, and cravpos^ ft lizard.] (Pa- leon.) Von Meyer's name for the genus of laby- rinthodont reptiles, the remains of the only known species of which, O. VotziU were found in the bun- ter-sandstone of Soulz-les-bains. O don to stom a tous (o-d6n/to-st6m//at-U8), a. [Gr. ofious, 656»/rps, a tooth, and ard/aa, a mouth.] Lit. teeth-mouthed; specifically applied to insect& furnished with mandibles. Odon try py (o-d6n'tri-pi), n. [Gr. ofiov's, oSdiros, a tooth, and rpwrrdw, to perforate.] (Surg.) The operation of perforating a tooth to evacuate puru- lent matter confined in the cavity of the pulp. Ods-bobs (5dz'b6bz), interj., An interjectional ut- terance, a corruption of God's body, expressive of; surprise, bewilderment, and the like. Ods-bod iklns(6dz"b5d'i-kin7.),inr lay (our'lfl), «. An upper garment; an over- all ; a large cravat. [Scotch.] He fatUds Ms o'er lay down his breast wi' oare. Ramsay. . i. (Naut.) To move off shore; to steer from the land; said of a ship, and used only in the present participle; as, we were offing at the time' the accident happened. Off (Of), ».—Off-color, a defective color: used espe- cially in regard to diamonds or other gems.—Off- pome, apology; excuse; an escape in the way of subterfuge or pretext. [Scotch.]—Off-corn, waste or,inferior corn thrown out during dressing.—Off- cut (JYint.), that part of a printed sheet which is j/xa, a swelling; so called from the beak being swollen at the base.] {Ornith.) A genus of web-footed birds, fcontaining the scoter-duck and others. 0 id I am (o-Id'i-um), u. [Gr. oiBeia, to swell up.] {Bot.) The name given by Link to a genus of micro- scopic fungi of the section Hyphomycetes, forming the molds which cover the surface of preserves, fruits, etc. O. Tucheri is the vine-mildew, parasiti- cal, in the form of a white and very delicate layer, upon the leaves and green parts of vines, and de- stroying the functions of the ekin of the parts it at- tacks. The name is sometimes given to the disease itself. O. albicans is found on the epithelium of the mouth and throat in the disease called aphthre or thrush, as also on that, of the throat in diphtheria. Oil (oil), n. —Oil-box $Mach.), a box containing a supply of oil for a jo tonal, and feeding it by means of a wick or other device. Knight.—OiLcake*—Oil- cake mill, a mill for crumbling down oil-cake.— Oil- can, a can for holding oil; specifically, a small can used for lubricating machinery, etc.; an oiler.— GiUcoaXi Oil-shale, a coal or shale which yields a high proportion of oil in distillation. The coals are chiefly of tbe varieties called cannel. — Oil-cup (jtfac/i. ),a cup-formed termination of the stuffing- box, through which any rod, as a piston-rod,works, to contain oil to lubricate it.—Oil-fuel, oil in the shape of refined or crude petroleum, shale oil, naphtha- line, creosote, grease, residuum tar, and the like, employed for fuel.—Oil-press, a mill or machine for squeezing out oil from seeds or pulp.— Oil-pump (Mach.), a pump to raise oil from a reservoir and discharge it on to a journal. Knight.—Oil-spring, a spring which yields mineral oils, such as petroleum, naphtha, etc.- -Oil-ivell, a well sunk into an oil-bear- ing mineral-b6d for the reception of the petroleum or mineral oil which flows or filters into it. Oiled (oild), p. a. Smeared or rubbed with oil.— Oiled silk, silk prepared with oil, etc., so aslo be impervious to moisture and air, used as a covering for wet applications to wounds to prevent evapora- tion, for making balloons, llning hats, etc.—Oiled- paver, paper bewmeared witb oil so as to render U transparent, used for tracing purposes. Oil er (oil'er), n. An oil can. Oil i ly (oil'i-li), adv. In an oily manner. Oilily bubbled up the mere.' [R.] Tennyson. Oil way (oil'wS), n. A hole made for the purpose of receiving oil to lubricate hinges, etc. 01 no ma ni a (oi'no-m&^ni-a), «. Same as CEno- mania (which see). OS san lie (oi'san-It), n. (Min.) Pyramidlcal ore of titanium. Oi «in ic (oi-s!n'ik), a. [Ir. and Gael. Oisin, a cele- brated Celtic poet who lived In the third century.] Pertaining to, or connected with, Ossian or his works; as, the Oisinic period, Morris. O. BL. A cant or slang abbreviation of All Correct (Oil Korrect). OLEOSITY O la nin (0/ia-n!n), n. [Lat. oleum, oil.] (Ohem.^ One of the ingredients of the fetid empyr&umatifl oil obtained by distilling bone and some other ani- mal matters. Brand*. Old (Old), a.—Old Catholics {Eccl.)s the name fir,"?; assumed by s party in the Church of Rome who, le i by Dr„ Dflliinger, professor of ecclesiastical history at Munich, refused to accept the decree of the Vati- can Council of 1870, teaching and defining the uni- versal jurisdiction and personal infallibility of tho pope.—Old continent, (a) the continent of Europe. (&) Tbe mass of land forming the eaetern hemi- sphere, in contradistinction to the new continent, consisting of North and South America.—Old coun- try, a name given In the United States and the col- onies to Great Britain and Ireland, and also used for other countries in relation to their colonies.— The old gentleman, the devil. Charlotte Bronte.— The old man of the sea, the old man who leaped on the back of Sinbad the sailor, clinging thereto and refusing to dismount. Hence (Fig.), any intolera- ble burden or bore which one cannot get rid of. Trollope.—Old Nick, the devil.—Old song, a mere trifle; a nominal price; as, he got it for an old soi.ig.~Old 8otv {Bot.), the popular name of a plant, Melilotus ccerulea.—Old Tom, a strong variety of London gin. [Eng.]—Old voife% (a) a prating old woman; as, old wives' fables, (b) A man having the habits or opinions peculiar to old women, (o) An apparatus for curing smoky chimneys; a chim- ney cap or cowl, (d) (IcJtf/i.) A fish of the wraese kind, of the genus Larbus, and another of the genus Balistes or trigger-fish.—Old World, the world in past ages; the eastern hemisphere, comprising Eu- rope, Asia, and Africa: so called from being that in which civilization first arose. i 01u>, to write.] 1 • A picture produced in oils by a process analo- gous to that of lithographic printing. 2* (Chem.) The shape or form which s drop of oil exhibits when placed upon some liquid, as water, with which it will not mix. O le op ten (0 ler0p//ten),) n. Same as Elaopten, Ole op tene (r/)e-0p//t6n),) Elceoptene. © le o»i ty (O'le-Os'^i-ti), ». The state or quality of being oily or fat; oiliness; fatness. His oleosify, and his suscitability. B. Jonson. oh, chain; ' g, go; j, job; ng, sin#; Ch, then; th, thin; w, wig;__wh, whig; zh, azure; oo, food; oi, oil; on, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and defiritions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.OLIG- ~01 Ig- (Wig)i oAiyof, few.] A prefix In Ol 1 go* (51'i-go).) words derived from the Greek, denoting few; as, oligarchy, oiipoclase. ©11 g® Jul a (51'l-g5"mi-a), «. [Gr. oAi'yo?, little, and alyua, blood,J (Pa«7w?I.) That state of the sys- tem in which there is a deficiency of blood. Ol i gan drous (61/i-g&nd//drus'), a. [G^. 0X1705, few, and a^Tjp, avSpo?, a mafe.] (Bot.) Applied to n plant that has fewer than twenty stamens. ©11 garcli 1st (61'i-g&rk'ist), n. One who advo- cates or favors oligarchy. © lig o cene (o-lig'o-sSn, fil'i-go-sen, or o-lfgo- eSn), a. [Gr. oAi'yo;, little, and «aipos, recent.] (Geol.) Slightly recent; somewhat more recent than eocene : specifically applied to certain tertiary beds held to be intermediate between the eocene and miocene. These beds are best developed in I Germany: so called from the fact that but few fos- • eils are found in the etrata. ©11 go clise ta (51/i-go-kS"ta or o-lIgo-kS^ta), n. pi. [Gr. oAt'yos, few, and xowttji hair.] (ZoOl.) An f order of Annelida, comprising the earth-worms, in which there are few set® or bristles. ©I 1 go cy thse ma (61/i-go-si-th3'/ma or o-ll'go- si-thS^ma), n. [Gr. oAiyos, few, kvto?, a cell, and I alfjia, blood ] (Pathol.) A condition of blood ip which there is a paucity of red corpuscles. © lig o don (o-llg'o-don), nt [Gr. oAiyos, few, and 65ou;, oSovtos, a tooth.] A genus of Bmall serpents, family Colubridte ; the spotted adder. Ol I gan Ite (61'i-gon-It), )n. (Min.) A va- ©1 i gon-spav (ftl'i-gon-spar), J rtety of siderite or sparry iron-ore, carbonate of iron, containing | twenty-five per cent of protoxide of manganese, ' found at Ehrenfriedersdorf in Saxony. © lig o sper moos (o-lTg//0-sp6r/mii3), a. [Gr. . cAc'yos, few, and n. [Or. "OAvftiro*.] © lam pas (o-lvjm'pus), J (Greek Myth.) A cel- ebrated mountain in Tnessaly, on the border of Macedonia, regarded by the ancient Greeks as the abode of the gods, and the palace of Jupiter was supposed to be on the summit. The philosophers in later times transferred the abode of the gods to the planetary sphere, to which also they gave the name of Olympus. ©m (5m), n. A combination of letters invested with peculiar sanctity in both the Hindu and Buddhist religions, in the Vedas it appears as an exclama- tion of solemn assent. Afterward it formed the au- spicious word with which the Brahmins had to begin and end every sacred duty ; and latterly it came to be regarded as a symbol representing the names of the Hindu trinity. © man der-wood (o-mSn'der-wud), n. A variety of ebony or Calamander wood, obtained in Ceylon from Diospyro8 Ebenaster. © ma sum (o-mJ'sum), n. [Lat.] (Comp. Anat.) The third stomach of ruminating animals; the manyplies. Called also Psalterium. © men (O'men), v. i. To prognosticate as an omen; to give indication of the future ; to augur ; to beto- ken ; as, it omened ill of the enterprise. © men (O'men), v. t. To foresee or foretell, as by the aid of an omen ; to divine ; to predict; to infer, as from omens. ' The yet unknown verdict, of which, however, all omened the tragical contents. Sir W. Scott. © tnen tal (o-mSn'tal), a. ( Anat.) Relating to or connected with the omentum. 4 The omental spien- ules of the porpoise.' Owen. ©m n© ft ty {om-ng'i-ti), > n. That which is esaen- ©m nft © ty (om-nl'e-ti), ) tially all; that which comprehends all; the all-comprehensive; hence, Sir T. Browne. tho Deity. [R.] ©IM ni bus® (ftm'ni-bus),?!. (Glass-making.) A sheet- iron cover for articles in an annealing arch, to pro- tect them from draughts of air. Knight.—Omnibus- box, a large box in the theater, on the same level as, and having communication with, the stage. Some- times called Omnibu3. ' Having just arrived from tho^omnibus at the opera.' [Eng.J Thackeray. ©m ni bus»bill (ttm'ni-bus-bll), n. A legislative bill or measure which embodies several miscellane- ous enactments or appropriations. [Colloq. IT. S.J ©m ni er u dJto (Gm'ni-Sr'fl-dlt), a. Comprehend- ing all learning ; universally learned. 4 That omni- erudite man.' Southey. ©m nl f j (Om'ni-fl), v. t. To enlarge so as to ren- der univerpal; to make everything of. [R.] Omnifu the disputed point. Coleridge. ©m nl pa tftent (Om/ni-pS/'shent), a. Capable of enduring anything; having unlimited endurance. '(Mru'j) omnipotent or rather omnipatient talent of being gulled.' [R.] Carlyle. ©m ni per cip ft ence (ttm'nl-per-sTp^i-ens), n. The quality, characteristic, or capability of per- ceiving all things ; the faculty of universal percep- tion. ©m ni-prev a lent (Ora'ni-prSv'a-lent), a. Pre- dominajit; having entire influence. Fuller. •©m ni-sig nif i cance (Sm'ni-sig-nlf'i-kans), n. Universal meaning. TR.] Snuthey. ©m nl suf fl clent (om/ni-su-flsh/'ent),a. All suf- ficient. [R.J Neither omnisvljlcient nor Independent. Hacket. ©m niv a lence (om-nIv/a-lens),». Omnipotence. [R.J Davies. ©m nlv a lent (om-nlv'a-lent), a. All-powerful; omnipotent. [R.] Davies. ©m nlv o ra (om-nTv'o-ra), n. [Lat. omnia, all, and voro, to devour.] (Z06I.) A section of even- toed Ungulata,or hoofed mammals, comprehending the hippopotamus and Suida or swine group, so named from their feeding both on animal and vege- table substances. © mo liy old (O'mo-hl^old), a. and n. [Gr. 2>/u.os, the shoulder, and Eng. hyoid.'| (Anat.) Applied to a slender, long, and flat muscle situated obliquely at the sides and front of the neck, and attached to the hyoid bone and the shoulder. © mo pla tos co py (0'mo-pla-tiV'ko-pi), n. [Gr. w/aoirAanj, the scapula.] A form of divination by means of the scapula or shoulder-blade. Called also Scapulimancy. _ E. B. Tylor. ©m plia Jo man tl a (Om'fa-lo-man//shi-a), n. O m ph alomancy. ©m plia lo-mes en t©r ic (ttm'fa-lo-mgs'en-tfir"- ik),a. [Gr. 0/n.c^aAos, the navel, and Eng. mesenteric.] (Anat.) A term applied to the vessels which, at au early period of uterine life, are seen to pass from the umbilicus to the mesentery, and which consti- tute the first developed vessels of the germ, ©m pha lor rha gl a (dm/fa-lo-r&//ji-a),n. [Gr. o/ji^>aA69, the navel, and prjywixi, to break, to burst.] (Med.) Hemorrhage from the navel, particularly in ne\7-born children. Lbmglison. ©m plia los (8m'fal-os), n. [Gr.] (Anat.) The navel or umbilicus. ©n (5n), prep. 1. (Betting.) In support of the chances of; on the side of ; as, I betted on the red against the black ; I put my money on Christabel. Hence, to be on, to have madd a bet or bet9 ; to be wellon< to have laid betsso.as to stand a good chance of winning. This use of on is perhaps due to the fact that in rouge-et-noir the player lays his money on the color on which he bets ; bence the phrase, I lay on the red. ON OM ATOPCEIA 2» Among the staff of or oontrlbators to: with names of periodicals ; as, he was on the New York Tribune during the war. 3. On is frequently confounded with of by our older writers, this usage being a common vulgarism at the present day. Be not jealous on me, gentle Brutus. Bhak. —On hand) In present possession; as, be has a large stock of goods on hand. On (5n), adv. On the stage or platform; before the audience. ' The giant an't on yet.' Dickens.—Nei- ther on nor off, said ol a person; irresolute; not steady. ©n (On), inter). Go on ; advance; forward ! Charge,-Chester, charge ! On, Stanley, on t Sir W. Uoott. © na gra ce ee (O'na-grS^se-S), n.pl. [Onagra, an old name for the genua Oenothera..] (Bot.) Anat. order of polypetalous exogenous plants, her be,trees, and shrubs, with opposite or alternate simple leaves, and often handsome flowers. ©n foesli life I (on-b6sh'lik), ru A Turkish billon ©n beftfii lie ) coin, valued at 15 paras, or about 1$ cents. Once (wQns), adv. Immediately after; as soon as; when ; directly; as, the advance will be made once reinforcements arrive.' Carlyle.—Once in a wayy corrupted from once and away, once and no more ; on one particular occasion ; on rare occasions. He seemed, for once in a v uy, to be at a loas for an answer. W. Collin». ©n e2»us (Bng'kus), n. [Gr. oy*os, a spear head, a barb.J (Paleon.) A genus of fossil sharks. Outcome (On'k&m), n. [Scotch.] 1 • A fall of rain or snow. 2a The commencement of a business, especially of one that requires great exertion, as in making an attack. 3# An attack of disease. On-comes, as the Scotch call them, or ffiysterious dis- eases which baffle the regular physician. Sir W. Scott. ©n-com ing (dn^k&m'ing), a. Approaching; ncar- iiig. D. Jerrold. ©n corn lng (Qn//ktim/ing), n. A coming or draw- ing near; approach. ' The oncoming of madness. George Eliot. ©n dat ra (on-dSt'ra), n. (ZoOl.) A North Ameri- can rodent mammal of the Castor family. ©n def (On'de), n. [A. Sax. anda.3 Zeal; malice; envy. Chaucer, ©n do (Sn'de), ) a. (Her.) Wavy: applied to ©n dy (On'di), ) charges, the edges of which curve and recurve like waves. 111. PL 14, Fig. 7. ©n ding (On'ding), n. [On and ding.] A fall of rain or snow. ^Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. ©ne-faorse (wun'hors), a. Inferior; cheap; of limited mental attainments; secopd rate ; small or diminutive; having a limited capital; as, a one- horse university ; a one-horse lawyer or doctor; a one-horse bank ; a one-horse enterprise. [Colloq. and low. U. S.] Oae ly (Cn'li), a. and adv. Only; preeminent; ohfef. Spenser. ©ne-er (wun'er), «. [From A 1 (which see).] A person remarkable for anything; one who excels at or is very much given to anything. [Slang. Eng.] Missus is a one-er at cards. Dickens. ©ne self (wfin-sglf), reflexive pron. A contraction In common use for one's self. ©ne-sld ed ly (wDn//sId/ed-li),adu. In a one-sided manner; partially. Nature. ©n fa2! (tin'ftjl), n. [Scotch.} 1. A fall of rain or snow. 2* The fall of the evening, 3. A falling on ; an attack ; an onset. ©ngl<5e (Oh-giS), p. a. [Fr., clawed.] (Her.) A term appellative of the claws or talons of birds or beasts when borne of a tincture differing from that of the animal's body. ©n-liang er (Qn^hang^er), n. One who hangs on or attaches himself to another ; one who follows closely ; a hanger-on ; a dependent; a close follower. [Scotch.] Sir W.Scott. © nic o lo (o-ntk'o-lo), ) n. (Min.) A variety of Nic o lo (nik'o-lo), J onyx having a ground of deep brown, in which is a band of Muish white. It is used for cameos, and differs from the ordinary onyx in a certain blending of the two coldrs. © nis eft dae (O-nTs'si-dS), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A family of isopodous crustaceans, of which the wood-louse (Oniscuf) is the type. ©n loft t Hon-l5ft'), adv. On high; aloft, ©n lofte t) Chaucer. • ©n ly t (On'li), prep. Except; with the exception of.' Our whole olfice will be turned out only me. PepuH. ©n ly (On'li), conj. But; excepting that; as, he is remarkably like his brother in form aud feature, only he is a little taller. © no cen taur (0/;no-p?n't9.r), n. [Gr. ovos, an ass, and Kevravpos, centaur.] A fabulous being with a body part human and part asinine, depicted on ancient sculpture. ©n o mat o pes la ) (On'o-mttt'o-pe^ya or o-n5m'- ©n o mat o pe la ) a-to-pS' ya), n. [Gr. Sfofia, bvofjLaToti a name, and n-otcw, to make.] Lit. name- making or word-making; the formation of words by imitation of sounds; thus, the verbs buzz, hum, or the nouns pewit, whip-poor-will, etc., are pro- duced by onomatopoeia. Words thus formed nst- urally suggest the objects or actions producing the Notation : 9. 0,1, 0, <1, long; _ 5, 6,1, 6, ti, short;_a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; ^ fftr, f§ll, f$st, cAre; . h6r, mOve, or; byll, Q, Fr.; fi, Fr., ton; On this page will "be found words, phrases and. aenmt 1011s NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor* eester' i Unabridged Dictionaries.ONOMATOPOESIS §ot:nd. Some philologists hold that all language had its origin in this principle; but though it is clear some words are directly and consciously onomato- poetic, such as ding-dong, bow-wow, quack-quack, buzz, it is impossible to prove that the great major- ity of roots or vocables are or ever were of this char- acter. ■Oil o mat o po © sis (6n/o-m5t/o-po-6//sis or o- n6m a-to-po-e 'eis), n. Same as Onomatopoeia. On o mat o pee ous (On'o-mSt'o-pe^us or o-n5m'- a-to-pC"us), a. Same as Onomatopoetic. On o por dum (On'o-por'Mum), in. [Gr. ovos, Onopordon (On'o-por^don), > an ass, and TTophri, flatulence, referring to the supposed effect on . the ass.] (Bot.) A genus of thistle-like herbs, chiefly biennials, containing about twelve species. O nos ma (o-u5s'ma), n. [Gr. opos, an ass, and ocr/jtvj, smell, said to be grateful to the ass.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Boraginaceae. On rush (On'rush), n. A rush or dash onward; a ranid or violent onset. 1 That first onrush of life's chariot wheel?.' E. B. Browning. •On to gen e sis (8n''to-jSn"e-sis), n. [Gr. uc, bv- ro?, being, and ytVeo-i?,] (Biol.) The history of the individual development of an organized being, as distinguished from phylogenesis, or the historyof genealogical development, and from biogenesis, or life-development generally; the history of the ■series of stages through which the embryo passeB from the impregnation of the ovum till it becomes a complete fetus. Ontogenesis and phylogenesis stand in the closest pos- sible connection, and the one cannot be understood without the other. Trans, of Haeckel. Oil to ge net ic (Bn'to-je-nSf'ik), a. Of, pertain- ing to, or characterized by, ontogenesis. On to ge net ic al ly (fip/to-je-nSf'ik-al-li), adv. In an ontogenetic manner; by way of ontogenesis (which see). In one sense I accept that word, viz. if it means no race than that there is in men, both individually and funeral ly (ontogeneticnlhj n id phylogenetically), some- thing that develops into perception, conception, and faith. Max Muller. On tog e ny (ou-tOj'en-i), n. Same as Ontogenesis. Prof. A. Thomson. O ny (O'ni), a. Any. [Old Eng. and Scotch.] His berd as ony so we or fox was reed. Chaucer. Onychia (o-nik'i-a), n. [Gr. ovu£, the nail.] ( Med.) A whitlow at the side of the finger nail; par- onychia. Dunglison. On y chite (Gn'i-klt), n. A kind of marble. Wright. O i*yx (O'niks), n. (Surg.) An abscess of the cor- nea of the eye which resembles an onyx.—Onyx >u6u, an egg, and Au- epa>, to carry.] (Bot.) A term applied to those sporanges of Lycopodiacete which contain the larger or female spores. Oor a II (flr'a-li), n. Curare poison. Written also WooralU Wourali. 4 Drenched with the hellish oor- ol(.' Tennyson. Oo rle )(6'ri), a. [Icel. itricrr, wet, from tir, a Ou rle i drizzling rain.] 1. Chill; having the sensation of cold; droop- ing ; shivering. Burns. 2. 8nd-like; bleak; melancholy. Gait. O o sphere (O'o-sfgr), n. A germinal body in fun- gi. See OOspore. f Rossiter. •O o spo range (O^o-spCrSnj], n. [Gr. <1>6v, an egg, and 6v, an egg, and a case.] An egg-case, as that of the cockroach, containing eggs, like peas in a pod. O ot i cold (o-flt'i-koid), n. [Gr. wor, an egg, and toctoj, to produce.] (ZoOl.) A mammal of the low- est group into which Dana has divided mammals. The oOticoids include the marsupials, etc. Oo trum (O'trum), n. A soft^ white, silky, and strong Indian fiber, regarded as a promising substi- tute for flax. Ooze (Oz), v. t. To emit in the shape of moisture; to send forth in gentle flow ; to drip. 1 The hardest eyes oozed pitying dews.' Alex. Smith. Op (5p). (Mus.) A contraction from op us (work); as, 'Thalberg pp. 29,' signifying-the 29th work of Thalberg. O pal ine (O'pal-Inor O'pal-In), n. A semi-translu- cent glass, whitened by the addition of phosphate of lime, peroxide of tin, or other ingredients. Knight. Called also Milk-glass. O pal o type (o-pal'o-tlp), n. (Photog.) A photo- graph or picture taken on milky glass. O pen (O'pn), a.—Open charter (Scots Law), a char- ter from the crown, or from a subject containing a precept of sasine which has not been executed.— Letters of open doors (Scots Law), letters passing the signet, which are requisite where goods are to be poinded which are deposited in iockfastplaces.— Open policy, one in which the value of the ship or goods insured is to be ascertained in case of loss.— Open verdict (Law), a verdict upon an inquest which finds that a crime has been committed, but does not speeify the criminal; or which finds that a sudden or violent death has occurred, but does not find the cause proven. O pen (O'pn), n. An open or clear space.—The open, the open country ; a place or space clear of obstruc- tions. The males fly much in the open. A. R. Wallace. O pen (O'pn), a. and n.—Open-breasted, applied to a garment so made as to expose the breast; having the breast or bosom exposed. Spectator.—Open-cast (Mining), a term signifying that the mineral, what- ever it may be, is obtained by open workings, and not by sinking shafts.—Open-cut (Mining), an un- covered level driven across the course of a vein.— Open-doored, having the doors or entrance open ; very receptive ; hospitable. Sir H. Taylor.—Open- handedness, freeness in giving; liberality; gener- osity. J. S. Mill.—Open-steek, lit. open-stitch ; a par- ticular kino of stitch in sewing. Used adjectively. [Scotch.] Sir W.Scott. O pen er (O'pn-er), n. Specifically, a machine for opening cottoa taken from the bales. Opening (Opn-ing), n. 7. A vacancy ; an op- portunity of commencing a bus?r>ess or profession ; as, there is aD opening for such a men. Dickens. 2. (Arch.) The piercings or unfilled parts in a wail, left for the purpose of admitting light, air, etc. 3. pi. A thinly wooded space without underwood, as distinguished from a thickly-wooded forest. Bart- let t. 4 Some such place as these openings, I reckon.' [U.S.] J.F.Cooper. Op er a (Sp'e-ra), n.—Opera-cloak, a peculiar kind of cloak, generally of showy colors, worn by ladies at the opera and other fashionable evening reun- ions.—Opera-dancer, one who dances in the ballets introduced into operas; a ballet-dancer.—Opera- singer, a professional who sings in operas. Op er a-bovifTe (Op'er-a-bOf or Cp'e-ra-buf), n. pi. Op er as>bouff*es (same pron.). [Fr. opera bouffe, from It. opera buffa.~] An exaggerated or farcical form of comic opera, characterized by mu- sic of a mock-heroic style. Op er ate (Op e -5t), v. t. To put into and keep in operation or act vity ; to work ; to manage or con- trol the operation or working of; as, to operate a 6ewing machine ; to operate a caligraph. Op er a tion (6p'er-fi"shnn), n.—Line of operation (Mil.), the course of movements in an army toward the attainment of some end or ends. Op er a tive (Op'er-at-Iv), a.—Operative surgery, that branch of surgery that has to do with opera- tions. O per cu la ta (o-p^r'ku-ia-'ta), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A division of pulmonate Gasteropoda, in which the shell is closed by an operculum. O per cu lig e nous (o-p6r'ku-lIj"en.ti8), o. [Lat. operculum, and Gr.yiyi'w, to produce.] Producing an operculum. . See Metapodium. Oph I a can tha (Of/i-a-kiln/'tha), n. [Gr. o<£is, a serpent, and ai8iov, dim. of 6(f) 1?, a serpent.] (Ichth.) A genus of malacopterygious fishes allied to the cod family. Oph I do ba tra chi a (6f/i-do-ba-trii/'ki-a), n. pi. [Gr, 0^15, a serpent, and /3arpaxo?, a frog.] A term sometimes applied to the order of enalie-like am- phibians comprising the Cascilise. Called also Ophi- omorpha (which see). Oph i o car y on (Srio-kar^i-on), n. [Gr. o<£ a serpent, and napvov, a nut.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Sabiaceae. Oph I o ceph a lus (Ofi-o-sefal-us), n. [Gr. 0$49, a serpent, and the head.] (Ichth.) A genus of acanthopterygious fishes, allied to the AnabasidsB, or climbing perches. Spelled also Ophi- cephalus. Oph I o glos sa ce se (Of'i-o-glo-sa/'se-e),) n. pi. Oph i o gfios se ae (O^i-o-glOs^e-S), i (Bot.) A natural order of ferns, distinguished by the ab- sence of a ring in the spore-cases, and by the straight vernation of the fronds, of which the genus Ophioglossum is the type. See Ophioglossum. Oph I o glos sum (Ofi-o-glOs^um), n. [Gr. 6hi o sau rue (O^-o-sa^rus or 5f/i-o-sa"rus), n. [Gr. o$i?, a serpent, and 9akn^ an eye.] (ZoOl.) The short pedicel or stem on which each eye of a crustacean is borne, Oph thai ml tis (5f/thai-inl//tis),n. [Gr.oph that mo pie gl a (6Mhai'mo-plS//ji-a), n. ^Gr. b^OaX/ioi, the eye, and, jrAecraw, to strike.] iMed.) Paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye. Oph thai mop to sis ( of-thftl'mop-tfV'sis ), ». [Gr. 6^>ffaA/x6s, the eye, and ^two-i?, a fall.] (Med.) A'prolapse of the globe of the eye. Oph thai mos co py (QfthaI-m53/''ko-pi),n. [Gr. o^0aAju.d?, the eye, and ctkojrew, to view.J The art or science of examining the internal structures of the eye. and of drawing conclusions as to its patho- logical conditions therefrom. Oph tlial mot o my (ftf'thal-mQtf'o-mi), n. [Gr. 0aA^6$, the eye, and ro/x 17, a cutting.] (Surg.) The art or practice of cutting into the human eye, as in dissections or surgical operations. The term is also applied to the extirpation of the eye. Dunglison. O pi ane (O'pi-gn), n. Narcotine. O pi an ic (O'pi-an^ili), a. [From opium.'] (Chem.) The term applied to an acid (C^HjoO.O obtained from narcotine by the action of oxidizing agents. It forms crystallizable salts and an ether. O pin ant (o-pln'ant), n. One who forms or who holds an opinion. [R.] Thackeray. O pining (o-pln'ing), n. Opinion ; notion. [R.J Jer. Taylor. Opinion (o-pln'yun), n.—Oath of opinion (Scots Law), a kind of ORth which in certain cases trades- men and scientific persons are allowed to take, whereby they swear not to a positive fact, but to what they believe to be fact. Op i sora e ter (Op'i-stfm//et-er), n. A instrument for measuring curved lines in a map. Black. O pis tlio bran chi a ta (o-pis'tho-brSng-'ki-a"- ta), n. pi. [Gr. oniaOe, behind, and fipayxta, gills. J (Z06I.) A division of Gasteropoda in which the Rills are placed posterior to the heart. d pis tho bran clii ate (o-pTs/tho-brttng//ki-at), a. Of or pertaining to the Opisfhobrauchiata. O pis tho coe la a (o-pis'tho-se' li-a), n. pi. [See Opisthoccelous.] (Paleon.) Owen's name for an extinct suborder of the Crocodilia of the mesozoic age, all the known specimens occurring in the lias- sic, oQlitic, and cretaceous rocks. O pis tl»o coe lous (o-pIs'tho-sC"lus), ) a. [Gr. O pis tho cue li an (o-pts'tho-sg'li-an), ) omode, behind, and kckAo?, hollow.] (Comp. Anat.) A term applied to vertebrae the bodies of which are hollow or concave behind, as in certain saurians. Op is thot o nos (0p/is-th5t/'on-os), n. [Gr. on-to-£e, backward, and leivta. to draw, j (Med.) A species of tetanus in which the body is bent backward. Dunglison. O pi am-eat er (C'pT-um-St'er), n. One who ha- bitually uses opium as a stimulant. O pos sum»slirimp ( o-pOa'sum-shrimp ), (Zoo/.) The popular name of several species of Mysis, a genus of stomapod crustaceans. They re- ceive their name from the females carrying t heir eggs and young in a pouch between the thoracic legs. Op por tun Ism (op-por'tiin-Tzm or 5p'por-tun"- izm), n. The art or practice of seiziug or turning opportunities to advantage ; Specifically, in politics, the system of those who seize opportunities which will be of advantage to their party, even at a sacri- fice of their avowed principles. por tune ful (fip'por-tfin"ful), <*. Favorable; propitious [R.] Middleton. Op pos ability (op-pOz'a-bTl"i-ti), n. Thecapa- bility of being placed so as to act in opposition ; ca- pacity of acting in a line directly opposite to that of another organ ; as, the opposability of the thumb to the other fingers. A. R. Wallace. Op pos a ble (op-pOz'a-bl), a. Capable of being opposed to something else, or of being placed eo as to act in opposition ; applied to an organ which, from its structure and situation, is capable of acting in a line with another organ or set of organs; as, the great toe in apes is opposable to the other toes. Op po site ly (Qp'po-zit-li), adv.—Oppositely pin- nate leaf (Bot.), a compound leaf of which the leaf- let-! come off, one opposite to the other, in pairs, as in Rosa. Op po si tioxa (5p'po-zish'/un), ». 1. (Fine Arts.) Contrast. it 2. (Logic.) The disagreement between propo- sitions which have the same subject or the same predicate, but differ in quantity, in quality, or in both. 3. (Rhet.) A figure whereby two things are joined which seem incompatible. 4. Used adjectively; as, an apposition scheme in the House of Commons. - Op po si lion less (f)p/po-zTsh//nn-les), a„ Being unopposed ; without an opposition party. Walpole. 4>ps (ops), n. (Class. Myth.) The Roman female divinity of plenty and fertility. <>P soma mia (i3p/so-ma'/ni-a), n. (Med.) The "toorbid or diseased love of some particular aliment or article of diet. Op so'ma ni ac (5p'so-m5//ni-ak), n. One affect- ed with opsomania.* Dunglison. Op tics (Op'tiks), n.—Physical optica, that branch of the general science which treats of the physical properties of light. /- Op tl mate (Sp'ti-mat), n. One of the optimates; a chief man in a state or community; a man of the highest rank; a nobleman; a chief. [R.] Op ti mism (ftp'ti-mlzm), n. The tendency to al- ways take the most hopeful view of matters social or political; belief in the world's improvement. Op ti mist ic (Qp'ti-mlsf'ik), a. Of, relating to, characterized by, or having the nature of, opti- mism ; holding the doctrine that all things are or- dered for the best; as, optimistic opinions. Op ti mize (5p'ti-mlz), v. i. To hold or express the belief or doctrines of an optimist. Sat. Rev. Option (Op'shun), n. (Stock Exchange.) (a) A right to effect a certain dealing or not at a certain date, at the option of the person bargaining, who pays a premium for the right. (5) The time al- lowed to either buyer or seller, for delivery of stock.—Local option, the principle by which a cer- tain majority of the inhabitants or taxpayers of a certain locality may decide as to whether any, or how many, shops for the sale of intoxicating liquors shall exist in the locality. Op to gram (fip'to-gram), ti. [Gr. ottto?, visible, and ypa/x/Lta, a writing.] A permanent image fixed on tho retina by means of light; a pict?we formed on the retina of the eye at death of the last impres- sion which it had received, and which is preserved for a longer or shorter period. Opun tia ce a) (o-pun'shi-a'/se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A name sometimes given to thenat. order Cactacese. O pus (O'pus), n. pi. Op e ra (Op'e-ra).—Opus Al- exandrinum, a mosaic pavement consisting of geo- metric figures, in black and red tessera on a white ground.—Opus incertum, a kind of masonry formed of small stones set in mortar, and occasionally trav- ersed by beds of bricks or tiles. —Opus reticulation (Masonry), a net-work arrangement of 6tones or bricks. O pye f (O'pi), n. Opium. Chaucer. Or (or), conj. Lest; than. [Scotch.] Or (or), *>n. The T&0 part of the krone of the O re (O re), ) Scandinavian ^Monetary Convention (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), \alue about one quarter of a cent O ra gious (o-ril'jus), a. [Fr. orageux, stormy.] Stormy; tempestuous. [R.J Thackeray. O ral (O'ral), a. (Z06I.) A term applied to the va- rious parts which form or relate to the mouth of animals.—Oral pleading (Law), pleading by word of mouth in presence of the judges. This was su- perseded by written pleading in the reign of the third Edward. Or ange (Or'enj), n.—Orange-bird (Ornith.), the Tanagra zena, a Jamaican bird, so called from its yellow breast resembling an orange, when the bird is perched in a dark-leaved tree.—Orange-blossom, the blossom of the orange-tree, a wreath of which is generally worn by a bride at her marriage as an •ehiblem of purity. Farrar.—Orange-flower, same as Orange-blossom. Tennyson.—Orange-lily, a species of lily (Liliumbulbiferum ), having large orange-col- ored flowers.—Orange-pea, a young unripe fruit of the curaQoa orange, used for flavoring wines.—Or- ange-pekoe, a black tea from China, of which there is also a scented variety.—Orange-man (Eng. and Irish Hist.), one who advocated or supported the claim of William, Prince of Orange (afterward Will- . iam III. of England) to the English crown. Or ange ism (Or enj-Izm), n. The tenets or prin- ciples of the members of the Orange institution, a politico-religious association which arose toward the close of the eighteenth century among the Prot- estants of the north of Ireland. O ra ri an (o-rS'ri-an), a. [Lat. ora, a coast.] Re- lating to or dwelling on a coast; specifically, a term applied by Dall-to the tribes who inhabit the North American coast from Alaska to Labrador inclusive ; as, orarian Eskimos. O ra ri an (o-r5'ri-an), n. One who lives on the coast; specifically, a member of any one of the aboriginal tribes who inhabit the arctic and sub- arctic coast of North America. O ra ri um (o-ra'ri-um), n. [Lat.] (Eccl.) A scarf affixed,to the crosier, in use as early as the thir- teenth century. The word was also used for the priestly scarf or stole, and for the border or hem- miug of a robe. Or a ry (Or'a-ri), n. Same as Orarium. Southey. O rate (O-r&f, tf'rSt, or Cr'at). v. i. To make an oration; to talk loftily; deliver a public addn to harangue. [Recent. Colloq.J Orb (orb), v. i. To change or be transformed into an orb; to exhibit or assume the appearance of an orb. [R. and Poet.] Orb unto the perfect star.. Tennyson. Orb-lislh (orb'ftsh), n. (Iehth.) Same as Orbia (which see). Or bic u la (or-blk'fl-la), n. (Conch.) A genus of brachiopod shells. Or bic u 3ar ( or - bTk' fl -ler ), a.—Orbicular leaf (Bot.)% a circular leaf with the stalk attached to the center of it. Or bic u la ta (or-blk^-lB^ta), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A tribe of brachyurous crustaceans, including those which have an oblong-ovoid carapace. Or bic u li na (or-bik'ti-ir'na), «. pi. [Lat. or bic- y,lus, a little orb.] (ZoOl.) A genus of minute for- aminifers, having their name from their flattened globular shape. Or bis (or'bis),?!. (Ichth.) A fish of a globular form, the Chcetodon orbis of Gmelin, inhabiting the Indian OBDINANCE eeas. It is covered with a firm hard sain full of small prickles, but is destitute of soales. Called alao Orb-fish. Orb It a ry (orb'it-a-ri), a. Pertaining to, connect- ed with, or surrounding, the orbit; as, orbitary feathers. Orb I te lse (orVi-tS^lS), n. pi. [Lat. orbis, an orb, a circle, and tela, a web.] (Entom.) A tribe of sedentary spiders, characterized by a somewhat, large, soft, and particolored abdomen. Orb i to spUe no id (orVi-to-sfg^noid ), a. (^4»af.) An epithet applied to the lesser wing ot the sphenoid bone. Or ce ine ) ( or' se-In ), n. (Chem.) (C7H7NO3.) Or ce in J A nitrogenous compound formed from orcine aud ammonia. Or chel la-weed (or-chgl'la-wgd), n. (Bot.) The name of several species of Roccella, a genus of li- chens celebrated as dye-weeds. Or dies tes (or-kgs'tez), n. [Gr. ft leap- er, a dancer.] (Entom.) A genus of small leaping coleopterous insects, of the family Curculionidae, destructive to plants. Orches tra tion (or/kes-£rS"shun), n. Same aa Instrumentation. Or dies tri no (or'kes-trg^no), n. [It. dim. of or- c/iesfra.] (Mus.) A musical instrument shaped lik© a pianoforte, now gone entirely out of use. Or cl&es tri on (or-kes'tri-on), n. (Mus.) A mu- sical instrument resembling a portable organ not now used. Or clii da ce ae (or'ki-dfi^se-S),) n. pi. [From Lat. Or cliid e ae (or-kid'e-S), J orchis, one of the genera.] (J3o£.) One of the most natural and well-defined orders of plants in the vegetable king- dom. It consists of numerous genera and speciest which are fouud in. almost all parts of the world; they are chiefly perennial and herbaceous. Or cliid e an (or-kid'e-an), a. Relating to the or- chids ; belonging to the nat. order Orchidaceae; or- chidaceous ; orchideous. . Or chi o cele (or'ki-o-sgl), n. [Gr. opxis, a testicle, and k 17Ar), a rupture.] (Pathol.) A name given to several essentially different diseases of the testicle and its envelopes, as scrotal hernia, tumor of the testicle, and hernia humoralis. Dunglison. Or chi tis (or-ki'tis), n. [Gr. opxi?, a testicle, and term signifying inflammation.] (Med.) In- flammation of the testis. Or chot o my (or-kOt'o-mi), n. [Gr. opxis, a testi- cle, and Tefxi/co, to cut.] (Surg.) The operation of extracting or cutting out a testicle ; castration. j Ord f (ord), ». [A. Sax.] A point; a beginning.— Ords and ends, literally, beginnings and ends, hence applied to the pieces or odd scraps cut from the ends of a large piece. From this we have the phrase ' odds and ends.' Or dain er (or-d&n'er), n. (Eng. Hist.) One of a junto of nobles in the reign of Edward II. whom the king was obliged to empower with authority to en- act ordinances for the government of the kingdom, the regulation of the king's household, etc. J. R. Green. Or de al (or'de-al), n.—Ordeal-bark, a term applied to the sassy-bark used by the natives of West Africa, as an ordeal for suspected persons.—Ordeal-bean, Ordeal-nut, the seed of the Calabar bean-tree (Phy- aostigma venenosum), nat. order Leguminosae.—Or- deal-root, the root of a species of Btrychnos, used as an ordeal by the natives of Western Africa.—Or- deal-tree (Bot.), the name applied to two poisonous trees: (a) the Eryihrophloeum guineenseof Guinea ; and (b) the Tanghinia venenifera of Madagascar, Or der (or'der), n. (Arch.) A name given to the lesper mullions and tracery in a window.—Religious orders are religious societies or communities, and may be divided into three kinds, monastic, military, and mendicant.—Sailing orders (Naut.), the final instructions given to government vessels.—Stand- ing orders, in parliament, certain general rules aud instructions laid down for its own guidance, and which are to be invariably followed unless suspend- ed by a vote to meet some urgent case.—Order in council, an order issued by the sovereign, by and with the advice of the privy council.—Oder of curves is denominated from the rank or order of the equation by which the curve is expressed.—Or- der of the day (Mil.), specific directions or informa- tion issued by a superior officer to the troops under his command. Or der a ble (orMer-a-bl), a. Capable of being or- dered; compliant with orders; obedient to order 1 Being very orderable iu all his sickness.' Fulle. Or der-boolt (or'der-buk), n. 1* (Com.) A book in which orders are entered ; a shop-book in which the orders of customers are entered ; a book con- taining directions fur purchases; a book in which the orders from buyers of merchandise are entered. 2. In the House of Commons, England, a book in which a member must enter any motion he intends to propose previous to moving it before the house. Or der ly (or'der-li), a.—Orderly officer, the officer of the day, that is, the officer of a corps whose turn it is to superintend its interior economy, having the supervision as regards cleanliness, foo.d, etc. [Eng.] Or dl nal (or'di-nal), o. (Nat. Hist.) Pertaining or belonging to an order ; comprehending geneTa. * Such distinctions must be either generic or ordi- nal.' H. Spencer. Or di nance (or'di-nans), n. 1* (^4rc7i.) A com- position of some particular order 01: state. \Notaxion: it fit 0, tl, long ;/ &i 6,1, ft, IS, abort; a, e, i, o, u, obscqre ; j £ftr, f§!l, f^st, c4re; t h$r, mOve, or; Fr.; b, Fr., ton; Br On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ORDINARY 2.pi. {Eng. Hist.) The statutes or conditions enacted by the orduiners appointed by parliament In 1310, for the government of the kingdom in the reign of Edward II. Or di na rj (or di-na-ri).a.—Ordinary conveyances (Law), t5i»>-•» deeds of transfer which are entered into betwo?u two or more persons without an assur- ance in a superior court of justice. — Lord ordinary, in the English Court of Session, the appellation given to the judge before whom a cnuse depends in the outar house. The judge who officiates weekly in the bill-chamber of the Court of Session is called the lord ordinary on the bills. In Scotland the sheriff of a county is called the judyr ordinary. Or di na ry (or'di-na-ri), n. 1. (.Wiry. 1 The es- tablishment of persons formerly employed by gov- ernraent~to take charge of «hips of war laid up in harbors. 2* (Eccl.) A settled order or use for public ser- vice. Fuller.—Ordinary of the mass ( R. L'ath. Ch.}, all the service of mass which is not the canon, i. e. all before it and the prayers of the communion of the priest after it. Rev. Orby Shipley. Ord nance (ord'nnn*), n.—Board of ordnance, the name formerly given to a supervising military board. [Eng.] -Ordnam e surrey, the survey of Britain, undertaken by the government, and ex- ecuted by select corpj of the Koyal Engineers and civilinns. [Eng.] Or don nance I , _ , „ „ r..i Ordonauce [ (or don-ans„ ». Ll l-l 1* An ordinance or enactment; a law. 2. {French Hist.) (a) The nnme given before the revolution of 1789 to a decree of the king or re- gent. Brougham. (b) The decision of a criminal court upon the motion of the procurator-general.— Compagnies d'ordonnance, the nnme formerly given to certnin bodies of French troops forming the flower of the French army. Prescott. O re a la (G're-&"la), n. {Min.) A decomposed rock of British Guiana, valuable in the manufacture of pottery. O re asi(o-re'as),n. The eland, or Cape elk of South Africa (O. ca-nna). O rec tic (o-rfik'tik), a. [Gr. opeKTiKo?, from opeft?, a longing for, from opeyu>, to reach after.] Of or pertaining to the appetites or desires; inciting or prompting to gratification; appetitive. Ore-lieartli (Gr'h&rth), n. Fee Blast-hearth. O re lde (O're-Td or 8r Id\ n. Same as Oroide. Or el llet (5r''a-yet'), n. [From Fr. oreille, the ear.] An ear piece; one of two pieces fixed on the fide of an open coursing or tilting helmet, and fast- ened upon it with a hinge to admit of their being lift- ed up. III. PI. 14, Fig. 8. O rel lln (o-rCl'lin), n. (Chem.) A yellow coloring matter contained together with bixin in arnotto. O re o dapli ne (O're-o-dSf'nD), n. [Gr. opo?, ope- o?, a mountain, and Sauij, laurel.] ( Bot.) Mountain- laurel, a genus of plant*, nat. order Lnuraceae. O re o don (o-rC'o-dftn), n. [Gr. opo?, opeo?. a mountain, and ofiovs, ofioyTo?, a tooth. J (Paleon.) A genus of fossil mammal?, found in the raioceue ter- tiary of North America, connecting the living Cer- vidte with that primitive form of ruminaut the An- oplotherium, and at the same time having a moreor less close resemblance to the camels and swine. As In the Cervid®, there are 1 tear-pi'ls' beneath the or- bits. H. A. Nicholson. O re o don ti dne (0-'re-o-d8n"ti-dS), n. pi. [See Greodon.] A family of fossil hoofed mammals, of which the genus Oreodon is the type. O re og ra play (0're-6g"ra-fi or Gr'e-8g"ra-fi), n. [Gr.opos. a mountain, and ypaw, to describe.] Thp pcienc© of mountains ; a description of mountains. Orf(orf),n. {Ichth.) Leuci3cus idus, a partly domes- ticated European fish of the carp family. Organ (or'gan"), n.—Organ-coupler, a device for connecting two sets of keys in an organ, so that by operating a lever or pedal each key when struck sounds the octave as well as its own note.—Organ- pipe coral, a general name given to the corals of the family Tubiporidse (which see), from their tubular structure.—Organ-point {Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the othar parts move. Called also Pedal-point.—Organ-screen (EccL), an ornamental screen of stone or timber on which a church organ is placed, and which in English cathedrals and churches forms usually the western termination of the choir. Weale. » Or gan die») (or'gan-di), n. A remarkably light ! Organdy ) and transparent kind of checked m us Jin for ladies' wear. Or gan ie (or-gan'ik), a. {Philol.) Undergoing in- flection; denoting change of relation by internal change of the root; inflectional.—Organic ticids {Chem.), organic substances forming salts with bases.—Organic analysis ( Chern.), the analysis of organic substances, usually by combustion of the contained carbon aud by conversion of contained nitrogen into ammonia. — Organic bases ( Chem.), or- ganic compounds having alkaline properties, ob- tained chiefly from vegetables.—Organic chemistry. See Chemistry.—Organic disease (Med.), a disease in which the structure of an organ is morbidly al- tered: opponed to functional disease, in which the secretions or functions only ere deranged without any apparent change of organization.—Organic laws ( Politics), the name given to laws directly con- cerning the fundamental parts of the constitution 575 of a «tate; the declaration of principles essential to the establishment aud existence of any organiza- tion, political or otherwise.- Organic radicles {Chem.), a group of elements which enters into various combinations without being readily decom- posed by the chemical changes. Or gan Ism (or'gan-tzm ), n. ( Physiol.) {a) A unity of organs, {b) A bo^y exhibiting organization and organic life ; a being compo-ed of or endowed with organs; a member of the animal or vegetable king- dom ; an individual composed of a number of es- sential and mutually depondeut parts, all of which partake of a common life ; an organized being. Organist (or'gan-ist), n.—Organist tanagcr {Or- nith.), a species of finch of the genus Tanagra, peculiar to the New World, so called from its mu- sical powers. Or gan is ta (or gan-fs"ta), «. [Sp .] (Ornith.) The common name of a number of small South American birds allied to the wrens, and remarkable for the sweetness of their song. Chambers's Ency. Or gan iz er (or'gan-Tz'er), n. One who arranges the several parts of anything for action or work; one who establishes and systematizes. Or gan o gen (or-g;tn o-jen), n. [Gr. opyavoi>, a, product, and yeVetri?, a begetting.] [Chem.) A term applied to the four substances, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. Or gan o gen e sis (or'gan-o-jdn"e-8is), n. The gradual development of an organ from its earliest stage. Or gan o gen Ic (or'gan-o-j<5n"ik), a. Relatingto organogeny ; pertaining to the development of or- gans in plants.and animals. Or gan og e ny (or'gan-0j//e-ni), n. The devel- opment of organs ; the doctrine of the development or formation of organs in plants and animals.. Organog ra pliv (or cran-Ag^ra-fl), n. [Gr. op- yavov, an organ, and ypa<£a>, to describe.] A de- scription of the organs Of plants or animals; that branch of science which has reference to the func- tions, form, and structure of organs in plants and animals. Or gan o lep tic (of gan-o-15p' tik), a. J"Gr. opyav- oe, an organ or instrument, and Aa/i/3am, to lay hold of.] 1. Making an impression on an organ; specif- ically, seizing upon or making an impression dn the organs of touch, taste, and smell. 2. Susceptible of receiving an impression; plas- tic. Dunglison. Or gan o log 1c al (,or/gau-o-15j//ik-al), a. Per- taining to organology. Or gan o nom i a (or'gan-o-n6m"i-a), n. [Gr. opyavov, an organ, and voixos, a law.] The doctrine of the laws of organic life. Dunglison. Or gan o pins tic (or/gan-o-pl5s//tik), a. [Gr. opyavov, an organ, and irAao-o-w, to mold. J Possessing the property of producing or evolving the tissues of the organs of plants and animals; as, organoplasty cells. Or gan ot o my (or'gnn-Of'o-mi), ». [Gr. opyav- ov, an organ, and roftrj, a cutting.] (Surg.) The dis- section of orgaus. Or ga mini (or ga-num), n. [Lat.] A name given to a machine or contrivance to aid human labor in architecture and other arts. Wcale. Or gi as tic (or'ji-&s/'tik), a. Of or pertaining to the Greek orgia, or mystic festivals, especially to those in honor of Dionysus. P. Smith. Or gy £ a (or-jI'i-a),». (Entom.) A genus of lepidop- terous insects, the species of whioii fly by day with a vaporing kind of motion, and hence they are called vaporer-moths. Til. PI. 14, Fig. 9. Or i bat 1 dte (5r'i-b3t"i-de), n. pi. {Entom.) The woodmites, a family of Acaridn. O ri ent (O'ri-ent), n. A pearl of superior quality. O rl eiit (O'ri-ent), r. f. 1. To erect, place, or lo- cate in a position strictly corresponding with the cardinal points ; to build a part, as the chancel of a church, so that it 6hall exactly face the east. Hence— 2, (Fig.) To adjust or correct by referring to first principles ; to set one's self right; to find out where one is ; to determine one's position. O rl en tal (0'ri-Cnt"al), a. Applied to gems as a mark of excellence ; valuable ; precious : opposed to occidental, which applies to the less valuable. The word oriental is also frequently coupled with the names of certain 6tones between which there is no relation except in color, or some other trivial resemblance; the sapphire of a greenish-yellow col- or becomes oriental emerald and oriental peridot; if of a yellow color, or yellow mixed with red, ori- ental topaz ; and so on. Orientate (O'ri-ent^St or O'ri-en-tat), v.t. I, To cause to assume an easterly direction; to turn toward the east; to erect, as a church, so that its chancel or altar shall be toward the east. 2. To locate the east point of any object, and from that determine it3 position with respect to oth- er points of the compass. 3* To arrange or order, as one's knowledge or one'1' mind ; to adjust or regulate, as one's ideas or notions. O rl ent ate (O'ri-^nf'St or O'ri-en-tSt), v. i. 1. To assume an easterly direction; to turn or veer toward the east. 2. To ascertain the east point of the compass, and from" that to determine the other points. Hence— OROBAHCHE 3. To order, arrange, or regulate clearly in the • mind, the different points vc one's knowledge in their mutual relations. 4. To worship with the face turned toward the east. O ri en ta tion (0'ri-en-ta"fhun), ». 1. The act of locating or ascertaining the east point of an ob- ject; the determination of the east point of the compass. 2* The act of ordering or arranging one's ideas or notions, or the difierent points of one's knowl- edge. 3. The eastward poRture of worshiping; the act of worshiping with the face toward the east. O rig I nal - m-0), ». pi. [Gr. bpov- rtov, the name of a plant unknov/n to us.] (Bof.) A nat. order of endogenous plants, under which Lindley includes the Aconiuie of Link and other &uth ra. O r jn ti ad (o-rSn'ti-ad), ». (Bof.) A plant of the fit. order Orontiaccse. O t o tund (C'ro-tand' or O'ro-ttind"), o. Having a full, cieai, ringing, musical quality or sound, as the human volco. Or phan aso (or'fan-aj), n. 1* The state or con- dition o! cn orphan, or of being an orphan; or- phanhood. 2j A homa 01 asylum for orphans; an institu- tion* f the care of orphans. .Orphans collectively. Blackstone. OrU"o- ji), n. [Gr boprj, anuftll. vo% to produce.] (Physiol.) The soft, trans- lucent substance contained in bone, which becomes ossified or converted into bone. Osteogenesis (Os#te-o-jSn"e-sis), n. The de- velopment or formation of bone ; osteogeny. Os te ol e pis (0s'te-01"e-pis), n. [Gr. oarriov, a bone, and Aewt's, a scale.] (Ichth.) A genus of ganoid fishes from the old red sandstone, with an exoskeleton of enameled bone, and an endoskele- ton of cartilage. Os te o ma (Os'te-0"ma), n. [Gr. barriov, a bone.] (Pathol.) A bony tumor. Os te o ma la ki a (Os'te-o-ma-ia"ki-a), n. f Gr btrrcov, a bone, and ^aAaxos, soft.] (Pathol.) A diseased softening of the bones in adults. Written also Osteomalacia. Os te o-sar eo ma (Os'te-o-sar-k0"ma), ) n. [Gr, Os te o-sar co sis (Os'te-o-6ar-k0"8is), y bariov a bone, and crap/cw/ua, crdp/cuxm, from aapf, fleshy (Med.) Disease of the bony tissue which consists In softening of its laminae, und their transforma- tion into a fleshy substance analogous to that of a caucer. . Dunglison. Oa te o tome (Os'te-o-tOm or os-tC'o-tOm), n. [Gr. oa-riov, a bone, and to/ut}, a cutting.] (Surg.) A Btrong pair of saw-like instruments for cutting bones ; specifically, one for cutting the bones of the fetal cranium when it is necessary to reduce it con- siderably to facilitate delivery. E. H. Knight. Os te o zo a (Os te-o-zO'a), n. pi. [Gr. ocrriov, a bone, and an animal.] (ZoOl.) A term some- times used a9 an equivalent to Vertebrata; that division of the animal kingdom which comprises those animals having bones. Os te o zo a ri a (Os'te-o-zo-fi//rJ-a), n. pi. Same as Osteozoa. •Os tic (Os tik) a. [From Algic oshtegwon, a head.] Relating or having reference to, or noting, the lan- guage of the Tuscaroras, Wyandot-Iroquois, Win- nebagoes, and a part of the Sioux Indians. Os tl o lam (os-tl o-lum), n. [Lat.dim. of ostium, a door.] (Bot.) The orifice of the perithecium of some fungi, as Spharia. Os tl tig (os-tl tis), n. [Gr. bareov, a bone, and term, -ids, signifying inflammation.] (Pathol.) In- flammation of a bone. Os tra ce a (os-trft she-a), ». [New Lat. ostracea, from Lat. ostrea, ostreum, Gr. ba-rpeov, an oyster.] (ZoOl.) The family of bivalves of which the genus Ostrea (the oyster) is the type. Os tra cite (Os'tra-slt), n. [From Gr. barpaKov, a shell.] (Paleon.) A term occasionally applied to any fossil oyster or oyster-like shell whose species is un- determined. 4 Page. Os trac o da (os-trak'o-da), n. [Gr. oarpaKov, a shell.] (ZoOl.) An order of entomostracous crus- taceans, in which the body is entirely inclosed under a large shield, having the form of a bivalve shell. Os tra cos te 1 (Os'tra-kOs'te-T ), n. pi. [Gr. 6 errpa/coy, a 6hell.J (Paleon.) A family of extinct placoganoid fishes having the head and generally the anterior part of the trunk encased in a strong armor composed of numerous large ganoid plates immovably joined to one another. H. A. Nicholson. -Os tre a (Os'tre-a), n. [Lat. ostrea, an oyster. J (ZoOl.) A genus of marine lamellibranchiate mol- luscs ; the oysters. The common edible oyster is the 0. edulis. Os tre a culture (5s"tre-a-kQrtflr or Os tre-a-") kul tilr), Os tre 1 kult ure (Os'tre-i-kiil'Mr or Os'tre-i- kul'fGr), n. [Lat. ostrea, an oyster, and cultura, culture. ] The artificial cultivation or breeding of oyster . the act or process of increasing the production of oysters, ©a tre idae (os-trg'i-de), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A family of lamellibranchiate molluscs, of which Ostrea (the oyster) is the type genus. Os trick-board (Os trich-bOrd), n. (Mediaeval Arch.) Wainscot. Os trldge f (Ostrij), ». The ostrich. Shak. Os tro gotli ic (Os'tro-gOth^ik), a. X>f or relating to the Ostrogoths. N Oe try a (Os'tri-a), n. [Gr., a tree with hard wood.] (Bot.) A genus of trees belonging to the nat. order Corylacese; hop-hornbeam. Oh we go>6tarch (os-wO'go-stflrch), n. A very fine kind of starch made from Indian corn or maize, at Oswego, Now York. Simmonds. Os we go-tea (os-w6'go-t6), n. [From Oswego, a town in the state of New York.] (Bot.) A North American odorous and tonical plant, the Mcmarda. didyma. O ta hel te - sal ep (0'ta-hl"t6-sai'ep), ». An- other name for Tacca starch or Tahiti arrowroot: from Tahiti or Otaheite, the principal of the Socl- , ety Islands. 577 | O the o scope (O'the-o-skOp), > ». [Gr. tafitia, to O tho e scope (o-thO e-skOp), ) push, ando-xon-ew, to see.] (Physics.) An instrument akin to the ra- diometer (which see). Oth er (uth'er),a. Following one another; alter- nate : used only with every; as, every other, mean- ing every second ; every other day, every second day ; every other week, each alternate week. Otli er wards (uth'er-werdz), adv. In another direction. Carlyle. Otli er wise (fifb'er-wlz), oonj. Else ; but for this ; ' such not being the case. I have sat in the stocks for puddings he hath stolen, otherwise he had been executed. Shak. Oth man (Oth'man), a. and n. Same as Ottoman. 4 That mighty Othman host.* Longfellow. Otli ma nee (5th-ma'n6), a. [From Othman, Otho- man, or Osman, the founder of the Ottoman empire.] Relating to Turkey or the Turks; Turfkiah ; Otto- man. 4 Othmanee quinces.' ' Aldrich. O tl a tion (O'shi-S^shun), n. Same as Otiosity. Puttenham. Otic (O'tik or flt'ik), a. [Fr. otique, from Gr. ous, the ear.] Belonging or relating to the ear ; auric- ular ; as, an otic medicine. O tic (O'tik or Ot'ik), n. (Med.) A medicine employ- ed in diseases of the ear. O tl dse (O'ti-dS), n. pi. [From Gr. dm?, a bustard.] (Ornith.) A family of grallatorial birds peculiar to the eastern hemisphere; the bustards, O tl os 1 ty (0/shi-0s"i-ti), ». State or quality of being otiose; ease; relief from labor; idleness ; indolence. Joseph Sedley then led a life of dignified otiosity. Thackeray, O to ba-fat (0-t0'ba-f5t), n. (Chem.) A colorless buttery substance obtained from the fruit of Myris- tica Otoba. O to crane (O'to-krSn or Ot'o-krSn), n. [Gr. oCs, wto?, the ear, and tcpavLov, the skull.] (Anat.) That part of the skull containing the internal ear, or which is connected with, or modified for the recep- tion of, the organs of hearing. O to era ni al (O'to-kra^ni-al or flt'o-kra^ni-al),®. Of or pertaining to the otocrane. O to cy on (o-tO'si-on), n. [Gr. o5s, wros, the ear, and kuuv, a dog.] (ZoOl.) A pretty little species of fox living in South Africa, and remarkable for its enormous ears. It is gray in color, but has a full black tail. O to litli (O'to-llth), n. Same as Otolite. O to lit ic (O'to-Ut"ik), ) a. Relating to, or con- O to 11 til Ic (O'to-llth//ik), ) sisting of, otolites. O top te rls (o-t0pyte-ri8), ». [Gr. ov?, d>ro?, an ear, and mepts, a fern.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil ferns having simply pennated leaves^ O tor rlioe a (0 tor-rS^a), n. [Gr. ovs, tiros, the ear, and pew, to flow.] (Pathol.) A purulent or muco- purulent discharge from the ears. O to scope (O'to-skOp or Ot/o-skOp), ». [Gr. ovs, wtos, the ear, and steal (O'to-stSl or o-tOs'te-al), n. [Gr. ou?, wtos, the ear, and bariov, a bone.] A bone of the ear, as in the skeleton of fishes. (fwen. O to stele (O'to-stgl), n. [Gr. ov?, uto?, an ear, and trrijAij, a pillar.] Same as Otosteal. O to zo um (0 to-z(V'um), n. [Gr. 'firos, a fabled prehistoric giant, and an animal.] (Paleon.) The name given to certain gigantic footsteps of an unknown animal, probably batrachian, found in the new red sandstone of Connecticut; also, the an- imal itself. Ot ter (Ot'er),*!. 1* A destructive instrument whose use in fishing is now illegal, so called from its dead- ly character. [Eng.] 2. A name giveu to the larva of the ghost-moth (Epialis humuli), which is very destructive to hop plantations. [Eng.] Ot ter-sbell (Ot'er-shSl), n. (ZoOl.) The Lutraria maxima, otherwise called great clam. Ot ter-spear (0t'er-sp6r), n. A spear for killing otters. Ou den o don ( ou-dgn o-dOn ), n. [Gr. owSei?, ovjeyoc, none, and oSou?, q&ovtos, a tooth.] A genus of fossil cryptodont reptiles, that is, reptiles whose teeth are either concealed or absent. Ought (ait), n. [A corruption of nought.~\ A vulgar name for a cipher. ' Three score and ten,' said Chuffey, ' ought and carry seven.' Dickens. Ought lins (at llnz), n. Anything in the least; in any degree. [Scotch. J ' Burns. Ou is ti li (O-Is ti-ti). n. (ZoOl.) A name given to the marmoset, a beautiful little monkey of tropical America, on account of its little whistling note. Ou la ebon (0/la-chon), n. A name given to the candle-fish (which see). Ou rang-ou tang (cu-rang^ou-lilng' or O-rSng'-'O- t5ng ), n. Same as Orang-outang. Ou re bi (ou're-bl), n. (ZoOl.) A pretty South Afri- can antelope (Scopophorus ourebi) frequenting open plains. OUTHYMN v ■Oils (Chem.) A chemical termination, denoting atf acid or salt in which the oxygen, hydrogen, etc., is in a lower proportion than in those compounds that end in io : as sulphurous acid. Ou sen (ou'sn), n.pl. Oxen. [Scotch.]1 Out (oat), adv. 1* Having taken her place as a, woman in society: said of a young lady. Pray, is she out or not ? Miss Austen,, 2• Having to give place to another, or withdraw from a game, as a player in cricket when he i*i stumped or run out; at the end of a game or some^ definite part of it.—To be out of oneH head, to be de^ lirious or light-headed ; to be wild or crazy. Out-ac tive (out-ilk'tlv), v. t. To exceed in activi- ty. [R.J . Fuller. Out-and-out (out-and-out), a. Thorough; thor- ough-paced; extreme; going to the extremes; ab- solute ; complete; perfect; as, an out-and-out swin- dle. [Colloq.] You have got such out-and-out good support on your hands and heels. Thackeray., Out-and-out er (out'and-out^er), n. A first-rate, or extraordinarily thorough person ; a jolly good' fellow ; a thoroughgoer. [Colloq. or slang.] Master Clive was pronounced an out-and-outer, % swell, and no mistake. Thackeray Out bar gain (out-bfir'gin), v.. t. To overreach- or get the better of iu a bargain. Miss Edgeworth. Out biun der (out-blun'der), v. t. To surpass in blundering. Out blus ter (out-blQs'ter), v. t. To drive a per-, son from his purpose by blustering; to surpass another in blustering. 4Outbluster the policeman.1* Thackeray. Out bound (out-bound'), v. t. To excel in activity or swiftness; to bound beyond. Henry Brooke. Out break (out-brak/), v. i. To break or burst forth. Out break er (out-brak'er), n. A breaker or wave, off the shore; a wave breaking upon the rocks or shore. 4 The dash of the outbreakers.' Southey, Out buzz (out-buz'), v.t. To drown some other sound by the noise of buzzing; so, generally, to out clamor. These outbuzz'd me. Tennyson, Out by ) (out'bl), adv. Abroad ; without; ouf Out bye J from ; at some distance. [Scotch.] Out by- )(out'bl), a. Remote or sequestered. Out bye S [Scotch.] Out ca per (out-k5'per), v. t. To surpass in caper- Byron. Out cast (out'kast), n. A failing out; a disagree- ment ; a quarrel. [Scotch.] Burns, Out come (out'kum), n. That which comes out of, is derived or results from something else; the visi- ble result; the consequence ; the issue. 4 The scep- ticism which forms the logical outcome.common ta; them all.' ff. Spencer, Out cross (out krOs), n. 1. The act, process, or result of interbreeding, as among animals. 2* (Bot.) The cross-fertilization between plants which are distantly allied. Out dis tance (out-dis'tans), v. t. (Horse-racing.) To outrun so that its competitor does not reach the distance-post when itseli is at the winning post: said of a successful race-horse. Hence, to excel or leave far behind in any competition or career. 4 Why do you let the Slopes of the world outdistance you ?♦ Trollope. Out door (out'dOr), a. Specifically used of paupers who are not required to reside in a union or poor's house. [Eng.] When the poor-laws were altered, the outdoor relief was Rtopped, and the paupers compelled to go iuside the house. Mayhem, Out-edge (out'Sj), n. Extremity; outer limit. Sterne. Out en f (Ot en), v. t. To come out with; to maniv fest; to show; to display. , Out e qulv o cate (out-e-kwlv'o-kat), v. t. Tosur* pass in equivocation. [R.] Fuller. Out dwell er (out 'dwel er), n. A person occupy- ing land in a parish, but dwelling outside. [^ug.J | Tomlins, Out er (out'er), a.—Outer bar, a phrase applied to the junior barristers who plead outside the bar, as opposed to queen's counsel, who are admitted to plead within the bar. [Eng.]—Outer house, the name given to the great hall of the parliament house in Edinburgh, in which the lords ordinary of the, Court of Session sit as single judges to hear causes. Out er (out er), n. 1'. One whoexpels. (Law.) Dispossession ; an ouster. 3. (Rifle-practice.) (a) That part of a target beyond the circles surrounding the bull's eye, and so nearer the outside, (b) A shot which strikes that part. Out face (out-fas'), v. t. To face out; to put out of face or bear down by meeting boldly. Out-fling (out fling), n. A gibe ; a sarcasm; a sal? ly ; a severe or contemptuous remark. Deronda... .could not help replying to Pash's out* fling. Qeorge Eliot. Out go Ing (out'gO-ing), a. Going out; removing; leaving; demitting; as, an outgoing tenant. Out-hees fXot-hSz), ». Outcry; clamor; alarm. Chaucer, Out hymn (out-hlm'), v. t. To surpass in making hymns ; to excel in hymnody. T. Brown _ j,Job; ng.sin?; Ih, them thttMm w,wigi wh, whig; zh, asure; _ oo, food; oi, oil; , ou, p'ound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor* cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.OUTHYPEEBOLIZE -Out hy per bo lize-(out/hT-p6r'bol-Iz), v. t. To excel or exccod iu hyperbole or exaggeration. ' To outhyperbolizc oriental flattery.' [Very R.] Quart. Rev. On t keep er (out'kCp-er), n. (Surv.) A small di- al-plate having an index turned by a milled head un- derneath, used with the surveyor's compass to keep tally in chaining. Knight. Out la raent (out-la-m6pt'), v. t. To exceed in lam- entation. T. Broivn. Out lancef ) (out-lans'), v. t. and i. To make to Out lauucef ) stand out like a lance; to project like a lance. Out-land (out'land), n. Laud lying beyond the demesne, and granted out to tenants at the will of the lord, like copy-holds. Spelman. Out land isli ness (out-13nd/iah-nes), n. State of being outlandish. ' The outlandlshness of the whole concern,' Mrs. Qore. Out lash (out-iash' or out'lash), n. A striking out; an outburst; an outbreak. Underneath the silecoe there was an outlash of ha- tred and vindictiveness. Oeorge Eliot. Out learn (out-16rn'1, v. t. To get beyond theatudy or learning of; to outlive the practioe of. Men and gods have not outUarned it [to love], Emerson. Out ler (out'ler), a. Out-of-doors; outlying; un- housed. [Scotch.] Out let (out'let), n. A lawn or shrubbery adjoining a house with a walk or passage through it to the highway. [Prov. Eng.] Gilbert White. Outlook (out'l\ik or out'lOk), n. That which is present to the eye, as a scene, landscape, or the like; prospect; survey. 'The dreary outlook of chimney-tops and smoke.' Kingsley. Out look ing (out'luk-ing or out'l6k-ing), n. The a«t or state of looking out or watching for any- thing ; the act of looking away from one. [R.] 'An expression of earnest outlooking.' H. W. Beecher. Out love (out-l&v'), v. t. To exceed or outdo in love or loving. Out man (out-mSn'), v. t. To excel or outdo as a man ; to be more of a man than ; to excel in man- hood ; to outrival. To out-man and outstrip. Carlyle. Out match (out-mSch'), z. t. To be more than a match for ; to excel. Breton. Out mas ter (out-mas'ter), v. t. To excel in pow- er ; to be stronger than ; to overmaster. J. Baillie. Out mate (out-mSt'), v. t. To outmatch; to out- peer ; to exceed. J. Baillie. Out met a plior (out-mSt'a-f or), v. t. To excel In metaphor [R.] T. Brown. Out move (out-mOvOi v. t. To advance before in going; to go faster than; to outgo; to exceed in quickness. The translation outmoved my ancle Toby's. Sterne. Out ower (Ot-our'). adv. At a distance ; opposed to in-ower. [Scotch.] Out passion (out-p£sh'un), v. t. To exceed in passion. Out-passion'd his. Tennyson. Out pick et (out"p!k'et), n. {Mil.) An advanced picket. Out pout* (out'pOr),n. An outflow. Out put (out'pyt), n. In the coal or iron trade, the quantity of material put out or produced within a specified time, as coal from a pit or iron from a furnace, etc. Out put erf (oufput'er), n. (Old Eng. Law.) One who set watches for the robbing of any manor- house. Cowell. Out quar ters (out-kwar/terz),n. pi. (Mil.) Quar- ters away from the headquarters. 'A dragoon reg- iment one of whose outquartera was at the bar- racks.' Warren. Out red den (out-red'n), v. t. To excel in red- ness ; to be or grow redder than. Tennyson. Out rig ger (out'rTg-er), n. (Naut.) 1. An iron bracket fixed to the outsido of a boat, with the row- lock at the extremity, so as to increase the leverage of the oars. Hence, a light boat for river matches provided with such apparatus. 2> Any boom rigged out from a vessel to hang boats by clear of the ship when at anchor, or for other purposes 111. PI. 14, Fig. 13. Out rush (out'rush), ». A rushing orgushingout; an outflow. Out see (out-sS'), v. t. To see further or more clearly than; to exceed in foresight or prophetio vision. Out-shot (out'shQt), n. A projection ; the project- ing part of an old building. [Scotch.] Out side (out'sld), a. Relating to or denoting the highest estimate or farthest limit; extreme ; as, the oiTtside cost will not exceed five dollars. [Colloq. ] Out sid er (oufsld'er), n. (Horse-racing.) Ahorse which is not a favorite in the betting. [Eng.] Lawrence. Out sides (out'sldz), n. The exterior sheets of any parcel of printing or writing paper ; spoiled sheets. Mayhew. Out slgllt (out'eTt), a.—Outsight plenishing (Scots Law), a designation given to the movables without doors, as horses, cow6, oxen, plows, carts, and oth- er implements of husbandry. [Antiquated.] Ont sing (out-sing'), v. t. To excel or surpass in hinging. 578 Out slang (out-sl5ng'), v. t. To excel or overcome in the use of elang. Thackeray. Out span (out-span'), v. t. and t. [Eng. out, and D. spannen, to put horses to—from span, a team.] To unyoke a team of oxen, mules, or horses from a wagon. [South Africa.] Daily News. Out speak (out-spek'), v. i. To speak out or aloud. Outspoke the hardy Highland wight. Campbell. Out spok en (out-spOk'n or out'spOk-n), a. Free or bold of speech; apt to speak one's mind freely and openly; candid; frank. 'Perfectly honest and outspoken.' Dickens. Out spok en ness (out-spOk'n-nes), n. The char- acter or quality of being outspoken; candidness; frankness of speech. Out stay (out-sta'), v. t. To stay longer than ; to overstay; to remain beyond; as, to outstay one's welcome. Out suck en (out-sttk'n), a. (Scots Law.) A term applied to multures, an outsucken multure being a fair remuneration to a miller for manufacturing the grain, paid by such as are not astricted. Out streat f (out-strut'), v. i. To flow or spread out. Doune. Out sum (out-sQmOj v. t. To outnumber. [Poet, and R.] * Southey. Out ward (oixt'werd), o, 1* Civil; public : as op- - posed to religious. 1 Chr. xxvi. 29. 2» (Theol.) Carnal; fleshly ; corporeal; not spir- itual ; as, the outward man.—Outward angle, the same as exterior angle.—Outward charges (Naut.)y the pilotage or other charges incurred by a vessel on leaving port. Out ward ness (out'werd-nes), n. State of being outward. Out wea ried (out-wS'rid), a. Exhausted by wea- riness ; tired out; exceedingly fatigued. 'An out- wearied and aged human frame.' , Ruskin. Out wing (out-wing ), v. t. (Mil.) To gain an ad- vantageous position with regard to either wing of an opposing force, by extending the flank of a line or army in action. Out wit (out'wit), n. Knowledge obtained by ex- perience and observation ; knowledge that is not intuitive; knowledge acquired from what is with- out one's self: contradistinguished from inwit (which see). [R.] Out worn an (out-wum'an), v. t. To excel as a woman. She could not be unmann'd, no, nor outwomanfd. Tennyson. Ou vi ran dra (ou'vi-rSn'Mra), n. (Bot.) A ge- nus of plants belonging to the Juncaginacese. O va li a (o-viS'li-a), n. pi. [From Lat. ovum, an egg.] (ZoOl.) One of the two sections into which crustaceans of the order Laemodipoda are divided. O va ri an (o-vH'H-an),) a. — Ovarian cyst or tu- O va ri al (o-vS'ri-al), ) mor, a morbid growth in the ovary of a woman, sometimes weighing 80 to 100 lbs. or more, consisting of a cyst containing a thin or thick ropy fluid, causing the disease known as ovarian dropsy, which is now generally cured by the operation of ovariotomy. O va ri ot o mist (o-va'ri-Otf'om-ist), n. One who practices ovariotomy. O va ri ot o my (o-va'ri-Of'om-i), n. The opera- tion for removing the ovary, or rather a tumor in the ovary, an ovarian tumor or cyst. O va ry (O'va-ri), n. (Bot.) When the ovary is unit- ed to the calyx it is called inferior; when separat- ed from it it is termed superior. A free ovary is one not adherent to the calyx ; a parietal ovary is one placed on the inner walls of a tubular calyx. Ov en-bird (uv'n-b6rd), n. (Ornith.) (o) A genus (Furnarius) of small South American birds of the family Certhiadae or creepers, having short wings and but feeble powers of flight: so called from their nest, which is built in the shape of a dome, with a small entrance on one 6ide, so as to have much resemblance to a rude oven, (b) The Seiurus aurocapillus or golden-crowned thrush of North America, belonging to the SylvicolideB or Warbler family. O venehy ma (o-v8n'ki-ma), n. [Lat. ovum, an egg, and Gr. eyxvfia, an infusion, an injection.] (Bot.) Tissues composed of oval colls ; oval cellular tissue. Over (O'ver), prep. Upwards of; more than; as, he has over ten thousand dollars. O ver (O'ver), v. t. To go over ; to leap over, as in the game of leap-frog. Overing the highest among them, one after the other. Dickens. Over (O'ver), n. (Cricket.) A certain number of bowls pitched by a bowler from one end in succes- sion, at the end of which the fielders pass over to different sides. O ver al t (O'ver-al"), adv. Everywhere. Chaucer. O ver awn (O'ver-gn"), ». f. To overshadow. [R.] 1 ' Southey. O ver bear ance (G'ver-bar"ans), n. Annoyance. H. Brooke. O ver bear ing ness (O'ver-b&r^ing-nes), n. The state or characteristic of being overbearing; pride; haughtiness; arrogance. O ver blow (O'ver-blO"), v. t. (Mus.) To blow in- to too much ; as, a pipe is said to be overblown when the pressure of air forces it to sound an over-tone, instead of its fundamental note. O ver board (O^ver-bOrd'), adv.—Thrown over- board (Fig.)i discarded ; deserted ; betrayed. OVERLAY O ver bod y (.0'ver-b5d"i), v. t. To give too much body to; to mal?a too material; to desplritualize. [R.j Milton. O ver bridge (O'ver-brlj), n. A bridge over aline of railway at a station connecting the platforms, or over a canal, etc. O ver bright (O'ver-brlt), a. Bright to excess; too bright. Tennyson. O ver build (O'ver-bTld"), v. t. and i. To build more than the area properly admits of, or than the population requires; as, that part of the town is overbuilt. O ver burn ing (0 ver-b6rn"ing), a. Overwarm ; unduly intense ; excessive; as, overburning zeal. O ver-eiv il (0'ver-slv"il), a. Unduly or excess- ively civil or polite; flatteringly or fawningly civil. , Dryden. O ver-cold (O'ver-kOld")* a. Too frigid or unim- passioned. ' An over-cold praise.' Bp. Hall. O ver crit ic t (Cver-krit'ik), n. One who is crit- ical beyond measure or reason ; a hypercritic. Let no overcritick causelessly cavil at this coat. Fuller. O ver crowd fO'ver-kroud"), v. t. To fill or crowd to excess, specifically, with human beings. O ver crowd ing (O'ver kroud"ing), n. The acl of crowding or filling to excess; the act of erecting more edifices on a given site than the areaproperlj admits of; the excessive crowding of persons in on4 dwelling. O ver cup (G'ver-kup), n. A common name for the Quercus macrocarpa (or lyrata), a species of oak. O ver dare (O'ver-dAr'7), v. t. f To dishearten; to discourage; to daunt. Chapman. O ver dar ing (O'ver-dA^'ing), o. Unduly or im- prudently bold ; foolhardy ; imprudently rash. O ver do er (0'ver-d6"er), n. One who overdoes; one who does more than is necessary or expedient. Richardson. O ver dry (O'ver-drl), a. Too dry. O ver-en rich (0 ver-en-rlch"), v. t. To make too rich ; to make wealthy to excess. J. S. Mill. O ver estj (O'ver-est), a. superl. Uppermost; out- side. Chaucer. O ver fall (0"ver-fal'), n. (i\fauf.) A rippling or race in the sea, where, by the peculiarities of the bottom, the water is propelled with immense force, especially when the wind and tide or current set strongly together. Admiral Smyth. O ver-line ness (0/ver-fIn"ness), n. Excessive fineness ; affected refinement or purity. Tennyson. O ver-Ash (O ver-fish''), v. t. To fish too much or in excess; to fish bo as unduly to diminish the stock. III. London News. O ver-gar ri son (O'ver-gSr'-'i-sn), v. t. To gar- rison to excess. Disraeli. O ver ground (O'ver-ground), a. Being above or upon the surface of the ground ; as, the overground part of a plunt. Overhand (C'ver-hSnd'), adv. With the hand over the object; with the knuckle upward; with the hand above the elbow: opposed to underhand; as, he bowls overhand. Dickens. Overhand (O'ver-hfind), a. (Cricket.) With the hand abov^the elbow or over the bowl; round-arm; as, overhand bowling. Over handed (0"ver-hand'ed), a. Having the hand above the object or above the elbow; over- hand. O ver haul (5'ver-hgl), v. t.—To overhaul a tackle (Naut.), to open and extend the several parts of a tackle bo as to separate the blocks in order that they may again be placed it a state of action.—To overhaul a ship (Naut.), to search a ship for contra- band goods. Overhaul fO'ver-hal), )n. Examina- O ver haul ing (O'^er-haFing), ) tion ; inspec- tion; repair; as, the vessel has got a thorough overhaul. O ver head (O'ver-hSd) a. Applied to what is , above or aloft.—Overhead crane, a crane which travels on elevated beams in a workshop, or on high scaffolding above a structure.— Overhead gear, a driving gear above the object driven.—Overhead steam-engine, an, engine in which the cylinder is above the crank, the thrust motion being down- ward. O ver#-king (O'ver-king), n. A king holding sway over several petty kings or princes ; a king or mon- arch to whom another king owes fealty. Previous to the battle of Bannockburn, the English -iingg claimed to be over-kings of Scotland. Over lad f (O'ver-lad"), p. a. Imposed upon; overreached. - Chaucer. O ver lan guaged (0'ver-12Dg"gwTjd), a. Using more words than are necessary; having a redun- dancy of words; diffuse. O ver lap (O'ver-l&p), n. The lapping of one thing over another; specifically (Oeol.)% the extension or spread of a superior stratum over an inferior so as to cover and conceal its edges. This phenomenon is due to a gradual subsidence of the land and con- sequent extension of the sea during the period of deposition. O ver lay (O'ver-15), n. (Print.) A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan-sheet at a spot where the impression is desired to be dark and effective, or for the purpose of obtaining a regular and flat im- pression. Overlay (O'ver-lS"), v. t. (Print.) To put an overlay on. , Notation : s, 6,1, 0, fi, long; 2- 2,1, 0, ft, On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. short; a e i. o, u, obscure; ffir, f§U, f$st, c&re; phrases and definitions NOT contained in hdr, move, or; bull, U, Fr.; ii, Fr., ton*/ the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-OVERLEAP Overleap (O'ver-lSp"), v. t. (Fig.) To omit or pass over. * Let me overleap that custom.' Shak.— To overleap one's self, to exert one's self too much in leaping; to leap too far. % Vaulting ambition which overleaps itselfS Shak. Overload (O'ver-lOd), n. An excessive load; a 1 >cd beyond the ability or capacity of r»by one or anything to support. Over lord (Over-lord'7), n. (Eng. Hist.) A legal or rightful lord or superior; a chieLlord. J. R. Green. O ver lord ship (O'ver-lord//ship), n. The state, office, or dignity of an overlord ; the predominance or supremacy of a person or people over others. J. R. Green. O vcr net (0'ver-nSt'Oi v. t. To cover as with a net. Carlyle. O ver nice ness (0/ver-nIs//nes), n. Excessive del- icacy. Overpraise (O'ver-prSz"), v. t. To praise too much ; to give undue praise to. •O ver-pro due tion (0/verpro-dftk//shun or 0"- ver-pro-dQk'shun), n. Excessive production; pro- uction of commodities in excess of demand. A general over-production of commodities. J. S. Mill. O ver-re fine (0 ver-re-fln"), r. i. To refine too much ; to refine with an undue amount of subtlety or excess of nicety. •© ver-re line ment (0;ver-re-fIn"ment or 0;/ver- re-fln'ment), n. Excessive refinement; refine- ment with excess of subtlety or affectation of nicety. Accompanied, however, with some over-refinement. Brougham. Override (O'ver-rld"), t.—To override one's commission, to discharge One's office in too arbitrary a manner, or with too high a hand. O v 3i* roof (Cver-rOf"), «'• t. To to.er with a roof; to roof over. R. Browning. O ver say (O'ver-sS"), *>• To say over ; to repeat. [ R. J Ford. Oversea ffyver-sS), )adv. Beyond or across the >© ver seas (C'ver-sSz), J sea; abroad. 'Sick of home went overseas for change.' Tennyson. O ver sell (O'ver-sSl"), v. t. (Stock Exchange.) To sell boyond one's ability to deliver. O ver set (O'ver-set or O'ver-set"), n, 1* An upset; overturn ; ruin. 2«,f An excess; superfluity. *This overset of wealth and pomp.' Burnet. O ver sold (O'ver-sOId"), p. a. 1. Sold at too high £ price. 2. (Stock Exchange.) Applied to that state of the market in which stocks have been sold 'short' to such a degree that it is very difficult to borrow them for delivery ; as, an oversold market. O ver sow (O'ver-sO"), v. t. To sow another crop on one already existing; to sow in addition. ' Whilst he sleeps, the enemy oversows the field of bis heart with tares.' . Adams. O ver-sto ry (C'ver-stCri). ». (Arch.) The upper story or clear story. Over stream (O'ver-strSm"), v. t. To stream over ; to traverse as a river or brook. Tennyson. O ver sup ply (O'ver-sup-lt''), v. t. To supply in excess of demand; to furnish morfljihani&fiufflcient; to overstock. Over sup ply (5"ver-sup-lT'), n. An excessive supply ; a supply in excess of demand. A general oversupply or excess above the demand. J. S. Mill. O vert (O'vert), a. (Her.) A term applicable to the wings of birds, etc., when spread open on either side of the head, as if taking flight. It is likewise applied to inanimate things in the sense of open; as, a purse overt, O ver tak en (0'ver-tak"n). p. a. Overcome with drink; intoxicated. [R.J Bp. Hacket. O ver-talk (O'ver-tflk"), v. t. To persuade by talk- ing; to talk over. Tennyson. O ver tone (O'ver-tOn), n. A tone given out by a body'or instrument that produces musical sounds, over and above its fundamental tone. It is the ef- fect of the higher orders of vibration. Also called Harmonic. O ver true (O'ver-trB"), a. Too true; unfortunately true ; sadly true. 4 Overtime a tale.' Tennyson. O ver trust (O'ver-triist), n. Too much trust or con- fidence. Tennyson. O vert ure (O'vert-flr), v. t. (Presbyterian Church.) To propose as an overture ; to lay a proposal before » superior church court; as, to overture the General Assembly on some subject. O ver vault (O'ver-vftlt"'), v. t. To arch over. Sou they. O ver-vl o lent (O'ver-vl"o-lent), a. Excessively violent or passionate; prone to violence or abuse. Dryden. O ver well (O'ver-wSl"), v. t. To overflow. The water overwelled the edge. R. D. Blackmore. O ver wind (0'ver-wind' ), v. t. To wind too far; as, to overwind a watch, so as to snap the chain. Cornhill Mag. O ver wit (O'ver-wTt"). v. t. To overreach in wit or craft; to outwit. [R.j Swift. O ver write (O'ver-rlt"), v. t To superscribe; to entitle. 'Tis t^ale indeed... .and is overwritten. Sterne. 0 ver-zeal (Cver-zSl), n. Excessive or undue 1 zeal; seal to imprudence. Carlyle. 579 O vl cap sule (O'vi-kSp^sul), ». [Lat. ovum, an egg, and capsula, a capsule.] The sac in which the egg is contained. O vi cell (O'vi-sSl), n. [Lat.ovumt an egg, and cellat a cell.] Same as oocyst. O vi cide (O'vi-sld), n. Sheep-slaughter. Ingoldsby Legends. ©'Vi das (O'vi-dS), n. pi. [Lat. ovts, a sheep, and Gr. dfios, likeness.] (ZoOl.) A family or sub-family of cavicorn ruminants comprising the sheep and goats. Ovig erous (o-vlj'er-us), a. A term specifically applied to certain receptacles in some animals, in which the eggs are received after being excluded from the ovary, as in parasitic crustaceans. O vi na (o-vFna), n. pi. [Lat. ovis, a sheep.] (ZoOl.) A division of animals comprising the *heep and goats; the Capridra. O vi na tion (O'vi-na^shun), n. [From Lat. out's, a sheep ; formed on the type of vaccination.] (Med.) The act of inoculating a person with the virus of ovine smallpox. O vip a ra (0-vIp'a-ra), n. pi. [Lat., pi. neut. of oviparus, egg-producing—ovum, an egg, and pario> to produce.] (ZoOl.) That division of animals which bring forth eggs, as birds, reptiles, fishes, etc.: op- posed to Vivipara, or animals which produce their young alive. O vis (0 vis), n. [Lat.] (ZoOl.) The name by which Linnaeus and Cuvier distinguished the sheep as a genus from the goats and antelopes. Owche (ouch), n. Same as Ouch. Ower (our), prep. Over; beyond; above. [Scotch.] Ower (our), adv. Over; too; too much ; excessive- ly. [Scotch.] O wer by (our'bl), adv. Over the way; a little way across. [Scotch.] O wer come (our'kiim), n. Same as Overcome. Ower lay (our'15), ». Same as Overlay. Ower lo up (our-loup'), v. t. To overleap; to jump over, a? a fence or other obstruction ; to trespass on another's property. [Scotch.] Ower loup (our'loup), n. [Scotch.] 1. The act of leaping over a fence or other ob- struction. 2• An occasional trespass of cattle. 3. The stream-tide at the change of the moon. Ower word (our'w6rd), n. An oft-repeated word or phrase; the burden of a song; the refrain. [Sc.] Burns. O where f (&whir), adv. [A. Sax. dhweer."] Any. where. Chaucer. Owl er y (oul'er-i), n. 1« An abode or haunt of owls. 2* A quality of an owl, or like that of an owl. Carlyle. Owl ism (ou^Izm), n. Pretension to wisdom ; stu- pidity. Carlyle. Own (On), a. Sometimes fixed, settled, or ar- ranged by a person for himself; as, name your own day; take it at your own price.—To hold one's own, to be able to maintain one's own cause; to come off at least equal to an adversary ; not to lose ground. Own er less (On'er-less), a. Having no owner. Own ness(On'nes), n. Individuality. 'His own- ness of impulse and insight.' Carlyle. Ows en (ous en), n. pi. Oxen. [Scotch.] Burns. Ox ac id (oks-as'id or Oks'as-id), n. An acid whose radicle contains oxygen. Ox al i da ce ae (Oks^l-i-dS^se-S), > n. pi. (Bot.) Ox al id e le (8ks/al-Id"e-6), J Anat. order of polypetalous exogenous plants. Ox aluriu (Oks^-lQ^ri-a), n. (Pathol.) A morbid condition cf the system, in which a prominent symptom is the presence of crystallized oxalate of lime in the urine. Called also Oxalio Acid Diathe- sis. Ox a lu rlc (Cks'a-lfFrik), a. (Chetn.) Applied to an acid (^sH^N^O^) produced by the decomposition of parabanic acid. Ox a Jyl (Oks'a-lll), n. (Chetn.) The hypothetical' radicle of oxalic acid. Called also Carbonic Oxide. Ox a mate (5ks'a-m8t), n. (Chem.) A salt of ox- amic acid. Ox am ic (oks-Sm'ik), a.—Oxatnic acid (Chem.) (C2H3NO3) is a white crystalline powder, sparingly soluble in cold water, still less soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Ox biter (Cks'bl-ter), «. (Ornith.) Molothrus peco- ris, an American bird of the bunting group. Ox-bow (fiks'bO), n. 1* (Naut.) The bend or reach of a river. Admiral Smyth. 2. (Arch.) An oval dormer-window. Oxer (oks'er), n. Same as Ox-fence. 4 Over an oxer "like a bird."» [Eng.] Cornhill Mag. Ox eye (Gks'I), n. A nautical term for a cloudy speck or weather gall, often seen on the coast of Africa, which presages a storm. Ox®fence (Qks'ftfns), n. A fence to keep oxen from straying; specifically (Fox-hunting), a fence con- sisting of a wide ditch, bordered by a strong hedge, beyond which is* a railing. [Eng.] Ox«foot (dks'fftt), n. An epithet applied to horses' feet when the horn of the hindfoot cleaves just in the middle of the forepart of the hoof, from the cor- onet to the shoe. Ox ford (Oks'ford), n.—Oxford-chrome^ an oxide ol iron used in oil and water-color painting. Called also Oxford-ocher.—Oxford-clay [from its being well developed in Oxfordshire^ England] (Geol.), a bed OZONOSCOPIC of dark-blue clay, abounding in ammonites and b6» lemnites.—Oxford-mixture, woolen cloth of a very dark gray color. Called also Oxford-gray, Pepjier- and-salt, and Thunder-and-lightning. [Eng.]—Ox* ford-ocher, same as Oxford-chrome. Ox ford-school (Oks ford-skOl), n. A name given to that portion of the Church of England who adopt- ed the principles of the Tracts for the Times. Called also Tractarians and Puseyites. Ox heal ) (Oks'hei), n. (Bot.) A species of hello- Ox heel ) bore (llelleborus fcetidus). Ox heart (fiks'hiirt), n. A large variety of cherry : so called from its resembling a heart in shape. Ox-lioof (tfks'hGf), n. The name given to the leaves of a species of Caulotretus and Bauhinia, used in Brazil as mucilaginous remedies. Ox-reim (Oks'rim), n. [D. riem, a thong or strap.] A narrow strip of prepared ox-hide, used in "The Cape Colony for horse halters, and, twisted, for ropes, traces, etc. Ox y ac id (C>ks"i-as'id), n. An acid containing ox- ygen. Called also Ox-acid Ox y calci uiii-light ( Oks'l-Ml^si-urn-lIt), n. Same as Drummond Light. Ox y chlo ride (Oks'l-klC'rld), n A compound of a metallic oxide with a chloride ; as, oxychloridea of iron, tin, etc. Ox y coc cus (Oks'l-kOk^us), n. [Gr. sharp, and kokko?, a berry. | (Bot.) The cranberry, a ge- nus of plants of thenat. order Vacciniace®, Ox yd (Oks'id), ». (Chem.) Same as Oxide. Ox y fluoride (Gks/i-flii//or-id), n. (Chem.) A compound of an oxide »nd a fluoride ; as, the oxy- fluoride of lead. Ox y gen ic (Qks'i-j^n^ik), a. Of or relating to ox- ygen. - Ox y gen iz er ? (Oks^i-jen-I^er), n. That oxalates Ox y gen is er ) or converts into an oxide. Ox y hy dro gen (Sks'i-hr'dro-jen), a.—Oxyhy- drogen lamp, one in which streams of oxygen and hydrogen in regulated quantities are commingled, the resulting flame being directed on a ball of quicklime and forming an extremely bright light. —Oxyhydrogen lights the lime light; the Drum- mond light. Ox y rhyn clius i6ks/i-rTngk"us), n. • The name of a celebrated Egyptian fish, said to have been rev- erenced throughout Egypt, and sacred to the god- dess Athor. Ox y sul phlde ^Oks'i-sQr'fld), n. (Chem.) A compound containing sulphur, oxygen and a metal. Ox y tone (Oks'i-tOn), a. [Gr. of us, sharp, and tovo5, tone.] Having an acute or sharp sound; applied to words t aving an acute accent on the last syllable. Ox y ton ic al (0ks'i-t5n//i-kal), a. (Gr. Gram.) Applied to a word having the acute accent on the last syllable. Ox y u ris (Oks'l-tl^ris)-, ». [Gr. of 1/5, sharp, and ovpa, a tail.] (ZoOl.) A genus of internal parasitic worms allied to the common Ascaris. Oy let (oi'let), n. 1* An oillot. 2* A name for a scar resembling an eyelet-hole. Stormonth. Oy sail ite (oi'san-It), n. Same as Oisanite. Oys ter-bed (ois'ter-bgd), n. A bed or breeding place for oysters where they are fattened for sale. It consists of a pack or enclosure in a tidal river, estuary, or other water on the margin of the sea. In Scotland it is caljed a Scalp or oyster-scalp. Oyster-green (ois'ter-grgn), n. (Bot.) A plant, the Ulva latissirna, Linn.; also called Green-laver and Green-sloke. Oyster-knife (oisyter-nIf), n. A strong blunt knife for opening oysters. Oys ter Jing (ois'ter-ling), n. A young oyster ; an oyster not full grown. London Times. O zok er ite (o-zOk'er-T'" or 0/zo-ke"rit), n. Same as Ozocerite. O zo na tion (Czo-tiS^shun), n. The act or proc- ess of treating or impregnating with ozone. Faraday. O zone (0'z0n),n. [From Gr.o£u>, to smell. ](Chem.) An allotropic modification of oxygen. The densitr of ozone is one-and-a-half times greater tnan that oif oxygen. It is produced when an electric machine is worked, when a stick of phosphorus is allowed to oxidize slowly, and in various other ways. At a high temperature ozone is changed into ordinary oxygen, two volumes of the former yielding three volumes of the latter. Chemical tests show that ozone exists in the atmosphere to a minute extent, and in greater quantity in country districts than in towns, while in crowded thoroughfares it ceases to be recognxrf Ozone has a great power of de- stroying ou>j}i^e odors, is a powerful bleacher, and an inte* ^ oxLJjzor. O zo nif er ous a. Containing or furnishing ozone. Graham. O zon i fy (C-zOn-'i-fl), v, t. Tc invert into ozone. O zo mo met ric (O'zo-no-^gt- rik), Of or be- longing to ozonometry; used in ozonometry; us, ozonometric observations. O zo nom e try (O^o-nQm^et-ri)), n. A term e p- plied to the means for determining the presence aud proportion of ozone in the atmosphere. Brands. O zon o scop ic (0-z5n o-skOp"ik),a. [Eng. ozone, and Gr. a«ojre'w, to view.] (Chem.) Denoting the presence of ozone; employed in the detection of ozone. ch, oftala; g, lf°i sg.alna; to. (Ate; W, .Ifig,W&, vihiR i asure; oo.tood; ol,o«; ou, pound. er On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PA AS 580 PALATINE P. Iiaas (paws\ n. [D. paasch.'] The festival of Easter. [Local U. S.}—Bartlett. Pacts eggs: Eggs boiled hard, variously colored and cracked together at the festival of Easter. Pacal (pa'eal), n. (Bot.) A tree of Peru hav- ing medicinal properties. Pace (pa^e), n. A dais; a portion of a floor raised above the general level; a platform. \ Prov. Eng.] Pat h a ca mac (p&eh/a-ea//mae), n. A divinity of the ancient Peruvians, worshiped by them as the Creator of the universe. Paeh y (p&ch-y), prefix. [Gr. ttolxvs = thick.] Thick. Pacli y ceph a la (paeh/f-$&ph//a-la), n. [Pref. pachy-, and Gr. Ketyak-q (kephale ) = the head. J (Or- nith.) Thick-heads; thick-headed Shrike; a genus of Laniidse, or the typical genus of the family Pachycephalidse. Pacli y dac tyl Oils pftch y-d&e//tyl-ous), a. Furnished with thick toes: thick-toed.—Prof. Hitchcock: IchnologyofMassachussets, p. 81. Pacli y ote (paeh'y-ote), n. A kind of bat hav- ing thick ears, especially applied to the genus Pachyotus. - Pach yp ter is (paeh-yp'ter-is), n. [Pref. pachy-, and Gr. 7TTept? (pteris) = a fern.] (Pale- <>bot.) A genus of Ferns of J urassic age. Pa erf ic al ly (pa-Qiflc-al-ly), adv. In a pacific or peaceable manner: peacefully, quietly. Pack. Pac (pack, pae), n. [N. Amer. Indian.] A moccasin having a sole turned up and sewed to the upper. * Pack (pack), n. (Coopering) 1. The staves and headings of a cask hooped up in a compact bun- dle for transportation; a shook. 2. (Iron-working) A pile or bundle of sheet- iron plates, for heating or rolling simultaneously. 3. (Hydropathy) A wet sheet for closely wrapping up a patient; the act or process of wrapping up in a wet sheet; the state of being so wrapped up. 4. ( Wool) A quantity of wool equal to about 240 lbs. 5. A large area or field of floating ice, com- posed of pieces packed closely together. [Pack- ice.] Pack-duck: A kind of stout, coarse linen, for making packcloths. Pack-ice: The collec- tion of broken floe, which, huddled together under pressure, is constantly varying in its posi- tion. Pack-load: The load which an animal can carry on its back. Pack (pack), v. t. 1. To make air-tight by stuff- ing, as the piston of an engine; to stuff as a joint. [Packing.] (Hydropathy) To wrap or envelop in a wet sheet and other wrappers. To send one pack- ing (or a-packing): To send one off sharply about his business; to bundle a person off. "Is none of my lads clever enough to send this judge packing?"—Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiii. Pack age (pack'age), n. A duty charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens, the sons of aliens. [06s.| Pack ing (packing), n. (Masonry) The filling in of a hollow or double wall. Pack ing (pack ing), p. a. Packing-press: A press for baling cotton, wool, hay, etc. The power, preferably hydraulic, is applied to the platen from beneath. Packing-sheet: A large sheet for packing or covering- goods. Pail (pad), n. 1. A quantity of blotting-paper or other soft material used for writing upon or for blotting written matter; a writing-pad. A bundle. 3. Among fish-dealers a measure varying in quantity; a pad of mackerel is sixty fish. [Eng.] 4. A fox's foot. [Prov. Eng.] In the United States also applied to a hare's foot. "Hares' tracks were numerous. Their great soft pads had left their imprint everywhere."— Burroughs: Pepacton, p. Pad die (p&d'dle), n. 1. An iron bar or blade for stirring ore in a furnace. 3. A bat or pallet for working in plastic ma- terial. 3. A shovel or scoop to stir and mix mate- rials, as sand with ashes in glassmaking. 4. (Hydr. Eng.) The water-door in a lock- gate or sluice. Paddle-beam: (Naut.) One of the two large beams projecting over the sides of a vessel, between which the paddle-wheels re- volve. Paddle-shaft: (Naut.) The shaft or axis on which the paddle-wheels revolve. Pad die (pad dle), n. [A dimin. of spade.] A little spade, used to clear a plowshare of stubble, earth, weeds, etc.: a plowstaff. Paddle-staff: A staff tipped with a broad iron, used by mole- catchers. [Eng.] Pad dock stone (p&d'dock-stOne), n. A stone said to grow in the head of a toad, and to pos- sess great magical and medical virtues. — Cf. Shakesp.: As You Like It, ii, 1. Paddy (paddy)< n. [Malay, Hind., etc., padi.] Rice in the husk, whether gathered or in the field. [East Indies.] Pad e soy (pade-soy), n. The same as Padua- soy. Pi*> ail (pje'an), n. The same as Pjeon. P«e do bap tisin (pae do-bap "ti§m), n. The same as Pedobaptism. P*e dot ro phy (pae-ddt'ro-phy), n. The same as Pedotraphy. P«e o lii a (pse-O'ni-a), n. [Lat., from Gr. xrat- (jovia (paionia) —the peony, from Tlatai/, Elatwi/ (Paian, Paion) — a physician of the gods, who first used it in medicine.] (Bot.) Peony; a genus of Hellebore®. Pceonia festiva or officin- alis is the Common Peony of gardens. It has generally double flowers, produced by trans- forming many of its stamens into petals, which greatly increases its beauty. Pa gack (pa-gaek'), n [Buss.] A Russian wine measure, containing ten gallons. Pa gaii (pa'gan), n. Syn.— Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Heathen is a term now employed to comprise all nations or religions besides Chris- tianity, Judaism, and Mahommedanism. Pagan originally denoted those who were remote from the centers of Christianity and civilization. Gen- tile bore the meaning of all men who had not received the Jewish rite of circumcision. The distinction at present prevailing between heathen and pagan is that the former denotes a false creed, the latter a superstitious worship, as hea- then superstitions and pagan idolatries. Pa gaii ic, Pa gan i cal (pa-ganlc, pa-gan'- ie-al), a. Pertaining or relating to pagans or paganism; paganish; heathen. "There was also in the paganic fables of the gods a certain mixture of history."—Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 239. Pa gan i ty (pa-ganl-tjf), n. The state or con- dition of a pagan; paganism. [Obs.] Pa gan ly (pa gan-ly), adv. Like a pagan. [O&s.] UI am not so paganly superstitious."—More: Immortality of the Soul, bk. i, ch. xiv. Page (page), n. 1. (Brickmak.) The track car- rying the pallets which support the newly-molded bricks. 2. A contrivance for holding up the skirts of a lady's dress, that they may not drag on the ground. Page (page), n. (Print.) Type set up for one side of a leaf. Page-cord: (Print.) Strong, smooth cord, cut in suitable lengths to tie up a page of type. It is wound three or four times about the type, and the ends tucked under, not tied. Page-paper: (Print.) Smooth, stout paper, on which the pages of type in the process of a work are placed safely until a sheet is ready to be imposed. Pa gi na (pa'gi-na), n. [Lat. = a leaf, a page.] (Bot.) The surface of a lesif. Pagination (pagl-na^tion), n. [Lat. pagina = a page.] The act of paging a book or manu- script; the system of marks or figures on pages. Pa gu ri an (pa-gtVri-an). n. (Zool.) Any in- dividual of the genus Pagurus, or hermit-crab. Pai deu tics (pai-deft'tics), n. [ Gr. iraiSevTiKrf (rex^rj) [paideutike (techne)] = (the art) of edu- cation; naiSevu) (paideud) to educate; wats (pais), genit. 7raiSo5 (paidos) = a boy, a child.] The science or art of education or teaching. Pai die (pai'dle), v. i. To paddle, to dabble in water, etc.; to walk with short, quick steps.. [Scotch. ] Pail brush (pail'brush), n. A brush with hard, stiff bristles, used in dairies, kitchens, etc., for cleaning the angles of pails and other vessels. Pail mail (paiVmail), n. See Pall-Mall. Pain a ble (pain-'a-bie), a. (Obs.) 1. Causing pain; full of pain; painful. Evelyn: Liberty and Servitude, ch. n. 2. Taking pains; careful, watchful, diligent, anxious. Chaucer: C. r., 74'i8. Pain less ness (painTess-ness), n. The quality or state of being painless; freedom from pain: as, The painlessness of a surgical operation. Pains (pain§), n. Care; trouble taken about anything. Paint er (paint'er), n. [See del] A corruption of panther. [U. air was used, not only with reference to- two things, but also to any number of equal things that go together, to which we now apply the term set. Thus, a set of chess-men was- spoken of as a pair. In popular language, at the present day, the expression, "a pair of stairs," is used; the term flight is of late introduction.— Falloivs' Synonyms Discriminated. Pair ment (p&ir7m6nt), n. Hurt, injury, dam- age. [06s.] Wycliffe: Filipensis, iii. Paise (paige), n. Weight. [06s.] Pal, Pal se-, Pal se o- (pai, pai-ae-, pai-Ee-o-), pref. [Gr. iraAcuos (palaios) = ancient.] Pertain- ing to the earliest times. (For words compounded with this prefix, see those under Pa le, Pal'e-o.) Pal ge mon (pal-ae'mdn), n. [Lat. from Gr. liaXaLjxiov (Palaimon) = a name of the sea-god Melicertes, who was friendly to shipwrecked mariners.] (Zool.) The typical genus of th& family Palsemonidse. Palcemon serratus is the- Common Prawn. Pa lan kas (pa-lan'kas), n. [Turk.] (Mil.) A permanent, intrenched camp attached to a frontier fortress. Pal ap ter yx (pal-ap'ter^x), n. [Pref. pal-, and Mod. Lat. apteryx.~\ (Paleont.) A genus of birds, akin to the modern Apteryx; founded on remains from New Zealand. It was of large size. Pal a tine (pal'a-t.ine),-^. Of or belonging to- the palate. There are palatine arteries, veins, foramina, etc. Notation: a, e, I, o, u, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, u, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th£re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl *rydes. push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in *he original Webster.PALE 581 PANG Pale (pale\ n. An instrument for trying the quality of cheese; a cheese-scoop. Pa le a (pa'le-11, pi. pa'le-aj), n. [Lat. = chaff. ] (Bot.) PI. (a) The generally membranous and colorless bracts situated upon the receptacle of a composite plant between the florets; the chaff of the receptacle. (bt The bracts imme- diately surrounding the fertilizing organs in grasses.—Lindley. The divisions of the glume and perianth in grasses. -Richard. Pa le og ra phist (pa'le-6^A ra-phlst), n% One versed in paleography. Pa ler ml tail (pa-l&r'ml-tan), a. [See def.] (Geoy.) Relating or belonging to Palermo or its inhabitants. Pa lor ill■ tail (pa-lfcr'ml-tan), n. (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Palermo. Pal es till e an (pal 6s-tin/ye-an), a. (Geog.) Of or belonging to Palestine. Pal ette. Pal lot (pai ette, pai hH), n. [Fr. palette, from Ital. paletta., dimin. of pala; Lat. pala — a spade, a peel.] I. { Old Arm. ) A plate covering the point of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Palettes were of various shapes, round, or in the form of a shield. 2. (Paint.) (a) A thin oval plate of porce- lain, wood, or other material, having a hole near one edge through which the thumb is inserted, used by painters for rubbing up or holding col- ons. (b) The colors when so arranged. To set the palette: To lay upon it the pigments in cer- tain order, selecting them according to the key in which the picture is to be painted. Pal ette-knife (paiette-knife), n. A flat, thin, flexible knife with a rounded end, used by painters to mix colors on a palette or grinding- slab; also used by druggists to mix salves. Pale wise (palewise), a. (Her.) The same as Paly. "Hathbehind it palewise an abbot's crosier."— Wood: Fasti Oxon., i, 12. Pal ill (p&l-in , pref. [Gr. iraKiv (palin).] Again, back. Pal in drom le, Pal in drom ie al (p&Fin- drom ;Ic, pal in-drom 'ie-al), a. Of or pertaining to a palindrome; of the nature of a palindrome; reading the same backward or forward. Pal ing board (pal ing-board), n. The outside part of a tree, taken from the sides to square the tree, and tit it to be sawed up into deals. Pa I in ge ne si a (pa'lin-ge-ne^si-a), n. Palin- genesis. Pal i nur lis (pari-nitr^tis), n. [Lat., the name of the pilot of iEneas; he was drowned ;just be- fore the Trojan fleet arrived at Cumce. (Virgil: A?n. v, 835-71.)] (Zool.) Rock-lobster, Spiny- lobster; the single genus of the family Palinuridse. Pal kee (pal keej, n. [Hind.] A palanquin. Pal la
  • a hie (paip;-ble), a. Palpable arithmetic: Arithmetic for use among the blind, which is taught and performed through the sense of touch. Pal pus (pftl pus), n. See Pai.p. Pal ster (pal'ster), w. [Dut.=a long staff.] A pilgrim's staff. Pa III da ment (pa-hYda-ment), n. [Lat. palu- damentuw. a military cloak.] (Rom. An tig.) The characteristic dress of a Roman general in command of an army, and his staff. Pam pered ness (pam pered-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being pampered. ''According to the height of their feet, so was their iximperedness and pride.'"'—Bp. Hall: Hard Texts I Hosea xiii, 6). Pam per er (pamper-er), n. One who or that which pampers. "Making speech the pamper er of lust." Cowper: Conversation, 48. Pam per ize (p&m-'per-ize), v. t. To pamper. [ Rare.'] Pam pe ro (pam-pa'ro), n. [Sp., lit.=the pam- pas wind.] A violent westerly or southwesterly wind which sweeps over the pampas of South America, oiten doing great damage, and felt far out at sea. Pam pil ion (pam-pll-'ion), n. [06s.] 1. A parti-colored coat formerly worn by servants. "Lolio's side coat is rough pampilian.^ Hall: Satires, IY, ii, 19. 2. A kind of fur. Pam pin i form (pfim-pm'I-fdrm), a. [Lat. pampinus — a tendril, and forma —iovm.] Having the form of a tendril; resembling a tendril or tendrils; applied in anatomy to the spermatic arteries and veins. Pan (pan), n, A gold or silver leaf. Pan-, Pail to- (pan-, pan-to-), pref. [Gr. neut. sing of tra? (pas), genit. TravTos (pantos)—all.] A prefix denoting all, evej ything, everyway, al- together. Pan era tian (pan-era'tian), a. [Mod. Lat. puncrati(um); Eng. adj. suff. -an.] Pertaining to the pancratium; pancratic. Pail era ti ast (pan-cm sh;-ast), n. [Lat. pan- craiiastes; Gr. nayKparLacrTris (pangkra tiastes), from TTo.yKpa.Tiov (pangkration) = pancratium.] A combatant or competitor in the pancratium. Pan era ti as tic (pan/cra-shl-as' tic), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium; pancratic. [O&s.] " The great pancratiastie crown, Which from the neighboring youth thy early valor won." West: Pindar; Nemean Ode 11. Pan era ti um (pan-era slii-tim), n% [Lat,, from Gr. TrayKpariov (panykrution), from ira.yKpa.Trjs (pangkrafes) — all-powerful, from irdv (pan ') = all, everything, and Kpa-Tos (kratos) = strength.] (Bot.) A genus of Narcissese. It consists of handsome bulbous plants, the flowers of which are white, more rarely yellow. The bulbs of Pancratium maritimum are emetic. Pan ere a toid (pan ere-a-toid), n. [Gr. iray- /cpeas (partgkreas), genit. ttaypearos (pangkre- atos), and e'£6os (eidos) — appearance.] (Pathol.) A tumor having the appearance of the pancreas in structure. —Dunglison. Pan da (pan'da), n. [Native name.] (Zool.) Ailurus fulgens, the Wah, or Red Jiear-cat, from the eastern Himalayas and Tibet. Pail dar (pan dar), n. The same ar Pander. Pan dar ize «pan dar-ize), v. i. lo act the part of a pandar. [Of\s.] "Cheating, theft, and panda,rizing, or may be flattery."—Taylor: The-Hog hath lost his Pearl, i, 1. Pan dar ous (pan'dar-ous), a. Pertaining to or characteristic of a pandar; panderly.—Middle- ton: Witch, iii, 2. [Oh.s.] Pan de an (pan-de-'an), a. Of or pertaining to the god Pan. Pan die u lat ed (pan-dle^fi-lat ed), «. [L»t. liandh ulotus, pa. par. of pandieulor—to stretch one's self after sleep; pando=io stretch J Stretched out; extended. Pandora (pan-do-'ra), n. Pandora's box: A box filled with innumerable evils fabled to have been given by Jupitor to Pandora, and which she was to give to the man who married her. Epi- metheus fell a victim to her charms, and accept- ed the box, from which on its being opened there issued all the ills and diseases which have since continued to afflict the human race. 1 ope alone remained at the bottom of the box, as the only consolation of the troubles of mankind; hence anything that contains an innumerable variety of objects. Pan dow dy (pan-dow;dy), n. [Etym. doul tful.] A pudding made of bread and apples baked to- gether. Pan du rate (pan'diVrate), a. Panduriform. Pane (pane), n. 1. One of the sides of a roof, tower, spire, etc. ?£. An opening or slash in a dress, either for the purpose of showing the material underneath, or of inserting a piece of a different color or fabric. [O/as-.J "They cut it very thinne, and sow it with a thred. In pretie order like to panes to serue their pres- ent need." Hackluyt: Voyages, i, 386. 3. A piece of cloth inserted in a garment for ornament. [Ofrs.] 4. (Diamond cutting) One of the sides of the table or upper surface of a brilliant-cut dia- mond. The table has eight panes. 5. (Hydr. Eng.) One of the divisions of a plat between a feeder and an outlet drain. O. The pointed or edged end of a hammer- head; a peen. 7. (0. Fr. panne.] A hide or side of fur. [06s.] "Pane of fur, panne."1''—Palsgrave. Paned (paned), a. 1. Provided or furnished with panes; composed of panes or squares. 2. Ornamented with panes; slashed. "Paned hose were a kind of trunk breeches."— Ford (ed. Gifford), Introd., p. 177. Pan e gyr ic (pan e-gyr^ie), n. Syn.—See Encomium. Pan e gyr ic al ly (pan'e-gyr^fc-al-ly), adv. In a x>anegyric manner; by way of a panegyric. Pail el (pan el), n. 1. A kind of rustic saddle. "A panel and wanty, pack-saddle and ped." Tusser: Five Hundred Points. 2. An area on a wall, etc., sunk below the gen- eral face of the surrounding work; a compart- ment in a sunken ceiling, soffit, bay, or wainscot. "Maximilian his whole history is digested into twenty-four square panels of sculpture in bas re- lief. ''—Addison: On 1 ta ly. H. (Bookbind.) (a) A depressed part of the sides within a relatively elevated bordering por- tion. (b) A space on the back between bands. 4. (Masonry) A iace of a hewn stone. 5. (Mining) (a) A pile of dressed ore ready for sale, (b) A system of coal-mining in which the projected winniug is divided into large, square allotments, divided by massive walls of coal, instead of placing the whole working in one undivided arrangement. O. (Paint.) A piece of wood—oak, chestnut, or white poplar—upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted. Panel-house: A house of ill- fame, into which persons were enticed by women, after which a man, or bully (usually pretending to to be the woman's husband), suddenly entered the room by some secret passage (as a sliding panel), and extorted money by threats. Panel- picture: (Paint.) A picture painted on a board or panel. Panel-plane: (Join.) A long-stocked plane having a handle or toat. The stock is somewhat deeper than that of the jackplane. Panel-sa w: A handsaw for cutting very thin wood in the direc- tion of the fibers or across them. It has six teeth to the inch. Panel-thief: One who extorted monev l v threats in a panel-house. Pan el a tion (pan e.-a tion ), n. The act or process of impaneling a jury; a panel. [0/>s.] Pan eu lo gisin (ptln-evi-lo-gism), n. [Pref. pan-, and Eng. eulogism.] Indiscriminate and general praise or eulogy; eulogy of everybody and everything. / Pan ful ( pan ful) n. As mucli as a pan will hold. Pang (pang), n. Syn.—Pang, Pain, Agony, An- guish. Pain is the generic term and signifies either an individual feeling or a permanent state; pang is only a particular feeling; agony is some- times employed for the individual feeling, but 11 ore commonly for the state; anguish is always employed for ihe state; thepang is a sharp ^>am; the agony is a severe and permanent pain; the Notation: a, e, l, 0, u, ?, long; a, e, 1, 6. u, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm: done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, push; e, i o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; tb as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the lr-test editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. 72*PAXIC 582 PARAGRELE anguish is an overwhelming pain. —Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Pail ic (ptln'Ie), n. Commercial panic: A panic produced in commercial circles. When such a panic takes place a run commences on the banks, the price of funds falls, the interest of money rises rapidly to a high figure, and many bank- ruptcies take place. Commercial panics tend to recur on an average about once in ten years. The years ending with the number seven sometimes complete the cycle, as 1797, 1847. 1857: it may close in one ending with six or five, as 1825-6, 1866. Pan if al fp&n'Ie-al), a. The same as Panic. I 1 Pan i cum (pan'T-eum), n. fLat. = a kind of millet, from panis = bread, the grain of some species being used in its manufacture.] (Bot.) Panic-grass: the typical genus of the tribe Paniceae. Flowers in spikelets of two flowers, the upper one perfect, the lower having only sta- inensTir neuter. Pan iii cle (pftn'nt-cle), n. (Bot.) The panic- j_rrass. Pail iii er (pftn'ni-er), n. 1. (Hydr. Eng.) A basket or gabion of wicker work containing gravel or earth, and used in forming a basis for earthly material in the construction of dikes or banks to exclude water or to resist its action upon its natural banks. [3Iil. Antiq.) A shield or cover of basket- work, used by archers, who set them in the grouud in front of them. Pail iii kill (pan'ni-km), n. ("A dimin. of pan.] A little mug or cup. Pan pliar ma <'Oii (pan-ph&r'ma-cftn), 77. [Pref. pan-, and Gr. o.p/j.aKoi> i pharmakon ] — a med- icine. ] A universal medicine: a panacea. Pail ta hie < pan ta-ble), n. [Pantofle.] A pan- tofle; a slipper. "Swearing by the pan table of Pallas and such other oaths as his rustical bravery could imag- ine.'1—Sidney: Arcadia, i. Pan la loon (pan ta-lobn"), n. Syn.—See Trousers. Pan ta loon er y (p;Wta-loon"er-$'). n. 1. The tricVs or character of a pantaloon: buffoonery. "The clownery and pantaloonery of these pan- tomimes have passe 1 clean out of my head." — Lamb: Essays; My First Play. "Z. A fabric u«ed for pnntaloons. Pan ta niorph (pan ta-morph), n. [Pref. jumta-, and i*.op$r) Gr. (morphe)-forva., shape.] That which exists in or assumes all shapes. Pan tech lie the ea (pftn-t(Vh'ne-the 'ca), n. [Pref. pan-; Gr. (/ct7in/0 = art, and 0r/Ky) (thek<'] — a repository.] The same as Pantech- nicon. Pant or fpftnt'er\ n. A keeper of the pantry. [Obs. —Tyitdall: Works, i, 466. Pant or (pant'er), n, [For etym. see def.] A corrupt, of panther. [Obs. ] Pan tlie ist ic, Pan the ist Ic al (pfln the- jst/'ie, pan'the-isf'Tc-al). a. Pantheistic statues or figures: (Scut]).) Statues or figures which . bear the symbols of several deities together. Pan the ol o {fist (pan'the-oFo-glst), n. One who is versed in pantheology. .Pantile ol o gy (pan'the-Wo-gjOi n- [Pref. jjan-, and Eng. theology. ] A system of theology comprehending all religions and a knowledge of all deities; the whole system ol theology or divinity. >Pan the on (pan-tht<5ph'a £y), n. The act or habit of eating all kinds of food indiscriminately. Pap (pap), n. A round hi J resembling a pap or teat. Pap a gay (pap'a-gay), r. Popinjay. Pa pal i ty fpa-paVi-ty). n. The papacy. [0&s.] Froissart: Chronicle, vol ii, ch. clx. Pa pal ty (ma'pal-ty), w. The papacy. [Ofrs.] "To uphold the decrepit papally."—Milton: Reform., in England, bkr ii. Pap a pho hi a ipap'a-pho^bi-a), n. [Lat. papa = a bishop, the pope, find Gr. 60o? (phobos) — fear.] Excessive or univisonable fear, dread, or hatred of the pope or poi )g'/ra-phy), n. [Gr. 7roL7rvpos papwros)~papyrus, and ypd(f)io (grapho) = to write.] A mode of printing from a sort of pasteboard coated with calcareous matter, in ex- actly the same manner as from the stone in lithographic prirtinsr. Paqiie (p&k), n. [Fr.] The same as Pascha. Par (pftr), n. Issue par: The price at which stock is issued to the public. Nominal par: The value impressed on 1he face of a bond. Mint par: A contraction of the phrase Mint Par of Exchange, which signifies the value of the coins of one country, expressed by those of another using the same'metal. The Mint Par lies at the basis of all international exchanges. Arbitrated par: A contraction of the phrase Arbitrated Par of Exchange, which signifies the amount of currency in one country which ?s equivalent to a given amount in another, taking existing circum- stances into account. On a par: Equal in rank, circumstances, and the, like. Par of exchange: The established value of the coin or standard value of one country expressed in the coin or standard value of another. Par (p&r\ n. The same as Park. Par (par), n. [See def.]. An abbreviation for paragraph: as, To insert a par. in the Inter Ocean. Para-. Par- (pftr-a-, par-), pref- [Gr.] A prefix used with words of Greek origin, and signifying position, beside, along, or sKe by side; closeness or correspondence of par^s; out of, beyond, on the other side of. Par abol ic (par/a-b61//ie), a. Parabolic-conoid: The same as P\rab0L07 0. Parabolic-curve: An algebraic curve of whi^h the equation is of the form of y — a + bx cor2 + dx% + eaA Parabolic-spindle: A solid generated by revolv- ing a portion of a parabola, limited by a straight line perpendicular to ^he axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. 7"he volume of a parabolic spindle is equivalent to 8-15ths of its circum- scribed cylinder. Parabolic-spiral: A curve whose polar equation is -'.2=2pf, in which u de- notes the radius vector of any point, and t the corresponding angle. Pa rah o list (pa-rab'o-lis*n. One who writes or narrates parables. Par a ho loicl al (par'a-bo-loid^al), a. Relat- ing to or like a paraboloid. Par a eel sist (par a ?el sist), n. A Paracel- sian. Par a ceil trie (par'a-gen"tric), a. Paracentric- curve: A curve having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a heavy body de- scending along it, urged by the force of gravity, will approach to or recede from a fixed point, or center, by equal distances in equal times. Pa rade (pa-radeO, n. Syn.—See Ostentation. Par a dis (par'a-dls), n. [Fr.] 1. A wet-dock or inside harbor. The topmost gallery in a theater. Par a dis al, Par a dis i al (par7a-dis'al, par/a-d!s//i-al"), a. The same as Paradisaic. ''Within this book I found portrayed Newborn, that paradisal love of his." D. G. Rossetti: Vita Nuova. Paradise (par'a-dise), n. 1. (Arch. J (a) A private apartment; a study, (b) The private ap- purtenances to a convent. 3. A parvis. Par a dis e a (par-a-dis'e-a), n. [Mod. Lat.] (Ornith.) The typical genus of the sub-family Paradiseinag. There are four species, from the Papuan islands: Paradisea apod a, P. raggiana, P. minor (orpapnana), and P. sanguinea, known respectively as the Great, Raggi's, the Lesser, and the Red Bird of Paradise. Paradisiacal (par'a-di-si"a-eal), a. [Lat. paradisiacus.~] Of or pertaining to paradise; paradisiac. "The ancients express the situation of paradi- siacal earth in reference to the sea."—Burnet: Theory of the Earth. Par a dis i al (par'a-dig'l-al), a. The same as Paradisiacal (q. v.). Par a dis i an (par'a-d's^i-an), a. Paradisaic. "Our Paradisian bard introduces Eve dressing a sallet."—Evelyn: Acetaria. m Par a dis ic, Par a dis i cal (par'a-dls^ie, par'a-djs^ic-al), a. Paradisiacal. "Hence we inherit such a life as this, Dead of itself to paradisic bliss." Broome: True and False Religion. Par a dos (par'a-dos), n. [Fr., from parer=to guard, and dos=the back.] ( Fortif.) A traverse covering the interior of a work from reverse fire. Par a dox al (par'a-d6x';al), a. Paradoxical. [Ofrs.] "Their new paradoxical conceits."—Bp. Hall: Peacemaker, § 21. Par a dox y (par"a-dox'jO, n. The property or state of being paradoxical. Par age (par age), n. [Fr., from Low Lat. par- aticum, from Lat. par=equal.j 1. Birth, par- entage. [O&s.] "Ye are a man in this towne of great parage, and may do muche.11—Berners: Froissart; Cron., vol. ii, ch. iii. 2. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of name, blood, or dignity, but especially of land, in a division among heirs; equality of condition between persons holding equal portions of a fee. "He thought it a disparagement to have a par- age with any of his rank."—Hacket: Life of Will- iams, ii, 115, Par a go ge (par'a-gO^ge), n. (Anat. and Surg.) Coaptation, reduction.—Dunglison. An old term for adaptation in the form of bones; those which were thus easier of reduction when dislocated were termed -napayuyoTepa (paragogotera) by Hippocrates.—Mayne. Par a gog ic (para-gog'^e). a. Paragogic-let- ters: (Philol.) A term applied to letters in the Semitic languages which, by their addition to the ordinary form of a word, emphasize it or mark some change in the sense. Par a gran dine (par a-gran' dine-), n. [Ital. from parare=to guard against, and grandin — hail, from Lat. grando, erenit. grandinis.] An in- strument to avert occurrences of hailstorms; a paragrele (q. v.). Par a graph (par'a-graph), n. A short passage; a brief notice. "Such reputation as they may obtain from a three-line paragraph in the corner of a newspa- per."—London Daily Telegraph, Aug. 28, 1885. Pa rag ra phist ic al (pa-rag/ra-phist/7je-al), a. The same as paragraphic. [Rare.] Par a grele (par'a-grele'O? n. [Fr., from.parer =to guard against, and f/re/e=hail.] A small lightning conductor set up by means of a pole in French vineyards to aid in drawing off the elec- tricity from the atmosphere over them. The in- tention is to prevent the occurrence of hail- storms. Arago proposed that the conductors should be raised and supported by small balloons connected by slender wires or chains with the ground. [Paragrandine. ] Notation: a, 6, l, 0, ti, y, lopg; a, 6,1, 6. ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th§/e, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; i, o, i^lent; g as s; $h a? sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in gev • § as z; ^ as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be r^und all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged pictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PARAGUAYAN 583 PARLOR Par a guay an (par a-gwi an), n. {Geog.) An ii habitant or native of Paiaguay, a st»te of south America. Par a guay ail (par'a-gwi'an), a. Kelating to Paraguay < r its people. J a.r all i par ail ), v. t. [Pabail, w.] To dress; to clothe. [Obs. ] '•Par ailed hym lyke her prentys," Piers Plowman, p. ?5. Par ail (par ail), n. [0. Fr.j (Obs.) 1. Apparel, uies-. attire. "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers Ploicman% p. 208. Nobility, men of rank. Fa ra li ail ipa-ia li-an), n. [Gr. ndpahos (para- lt-- by or near the sea; -napd (jw/ra) = beside, and a As' i<1ics) ' The difference between the position of an object as seen with the one eye and with the «>iher. the head remaining unmoved. Concentric jaraUa.r: Ihe same as Diurnal Parallax. Horizontal equatorial parallax: [Astron.) As the radii of the earth are not ad equal, itis need- 1uJ to decide Which to use in calculating the moon's horizontal parallax. The insertion of the teim equatoiial means that the equator is the particular radius which has been employed, as it actually is by most astronomers. The moon's hor- izontal equatorial parallax varies lrom 54' to lvl' Jo , the difference arising irom the elliptic orbit in which the luminary mo\cs.—Airy:. Pop. Astron., p. 1(5. The < istance of the moon is computed by means of her equatorial horizontal parallax. Theoretically speaking, that of the sun can be ascertained in a similar way; but, the figures being small, a minute error in them would •make a great difference in the results of compu- tations founded on them. Hence other methods ar«- adopted. [Sun Transit.J Parallax in alti- tude or heliocentric parallax: {Astron.) The parallax of a heavenly b< dy when it has risen to •a certain altitude above the horizon. Parallax of the cross-wires of an optical instrument: (Op- tics I The difference; in the position of an ob- ject produced when the wires are not at a proper distance from the object-glass. far al lei paral-lel), a. Parallel-motion: (a) [Mech.) A device inverted by James Watt, de- signed to connect the piston and pump rods of a steam-engine with the working beam in such a manner that the former shall move in straight lines. The principle of the mechanism consists in the fact that in every parallelogram, three angles being attached and revolving in arcs of ■circles, the fourth will continue nearly in a straight line of movement. (b) (Mus.) Ihe movement of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds, sixths. Parallel fifths are under cer- tain limitations forbidden. [Consecutives. ] Parallel-planes: (Geom.) Planes lying in the same direction. Parallel-rod: {Steam-en g.) A rod connecting the crank-pins of the driving- wheels. Parallel-ruler: A draughtsman's in- strument for drawing parallel lines. It consists •of two rectangular rules of wood or metal con- nected by cross pieces, usually of brass of equal length, and so attached by a hinge joint that the two ruleis may be made to recede from or ap- proach toward each other at pleasure, so that if one remains fast the other will constantly be par- allel to it. Parallel-sailing: {Navig.) Sailing on a parallel of latitude. Parallel-spihere: In spherical projections that position of the sphere in which the circles of latitude are all parallel to the horizon. Parallel-vise: A vise whose jaws move in exact parallelism, a bar on one slipping m a socket in the other. Parallel (par/al-161), n. {Print.) A reference mark (|j). Parallels of declination: (Astron.) Small circles of the cellestiai sphere parallel to the equator. Parallels of latitude: (a) {Astron.) Those circles of the celestial sphere whose planes are parallel to the ecliptic, {b) {Geog.) The lines on a globe or map maiking the latitude; a circle or part of a circle parallel to the equator. Par al lei ism (par'al-161-ism), n. Parallelism of Hebrew Poetry: The repetition of the same sentiment in the first and second lines of a coup- let. as in Job xxxix, 5. tlWho hath sent out the wild ass free? Or who hath loosed the bands of the wild ass?" Par al lei ize (p&r'al-lfel-ize), v. t. To make parallel. Par al lei less (par'al-lSJ-l^ss), a. Unparal- leled, matchless. [Bare.] "Tell me. gentle bey, "Is she not parallel less f" Beaum. and Flet.: Philaster, iii, 1. Par al lei o gram (par al-ieFo-grdm), n. Parallelogram of forces: {Mech.) The name given to a theorem in the composition of foi ces, stated as follows: If two forces acting on a particle be repre- sented in magnitude and direction by straight lines drawn from the particle, and a parallelo- gram be constructed having these straight lines as adjacent sides, then the resultant of the two foices is represented in magn tude and direction by that diagonal of the parallelogram which passes through the particle Tar al lei o gram mat ie (par'al-161 o-grSm- mat 'iea. Lelcnging or relating to a parallelo- gram. Par a ly za tion (par a-iy-za'tion), n. The act of paralyzing; the state or condition pf being paralyzed. Far a mat ta. Par a mat (pftr'a-mftfta, pSr7- a-matj, n. | From having been originally made of wool imported from Paramatta, in Australia.] A kind of light twill having a cotton warp and a merino-wool weit. Par a me eon ie (par/a-me-etfn'/Ie). a. [Pref. para-, and Eng. meconic.\ {Chem.j Derived from or containing meconic acid. Par a ment (par'a-ment), n. [Sp. paramento — ornament, from parar (Lat. paro) — to pro- vide, to adorn.J The furniture, ornaments and hangings of an apartment for a room of state.— Wrale. Par a mi og ra plier (par'a-mi-tfg^ra-pher), n. j Gr. irapoLixLoypd4>o<; {paroimiog-raplios) = collect- ing proverbs: trapoifiia {paroimia) = a prov- erb, and ypd{graph o) — to write.] One who collects or writes proverbs. Pa ra mo (pa-rft mO), ?i. [Amer.-Span.] {Phys. Geog.) In South America a mountainous dis- trict, covered with stunted trees, exposed to the winds, and in which a damp cold perpetually pre- vails.—Brande and Cox. Pa ra nut (pa-ra nut), A name for the Brazil- nut. Par a pet etl (par^a-pet'ed), n. Furnished with a parapet or parapets. Par aph (paraph), v. t. To annex a paraph to; to sign, especially with the initials; to initial. Par a plier na (par a-pher na), n. pi. [Lat.] The same as Paraphernalia. Par a plio lii a (par/a-phO//nl-a), n. [Gr. Trapa<])(i>i>ia {paraph Onia), iie^m napd {para) = be- side, and (f)oovij {phone) = the voice.] {Mus.) A melodic progression by the only consonances rec- ognized in the Greek music, namely, fourths and filths. Par ap o plex y (par-ap^o-pl&x'y), n. [Pref. par-, and Eng. apoplexy. {Med.) A sleepy state resembling apoplexy; false apoplexy.—Dungli- son. F ar a sit ie al ness (p&r'a-sltf'Ic-al-ness), w. The quality or state of being parasitical; para- sitism. Par a syn ax is (par'a-syn-ax^Is), n. [Lat., from Gr. napacrvvaijis (parasunaxis), from irapa- awayui (parasunago) = to assemble unlawfully: ■napd (para) — beside, beyond, against, and crvvai-ts {sunaxis) — an assembly.] [Synaxis.] {Civil Law) An unlawlul gathering or meeting. Par a ton nerre (par a ton-n&rre"), n. [Fr. from parev—to ward off, and tonnerre—thunder.] A ligl tning conductor. Par buck le (par buek-le), v. t. To lower or hoist by means of a parbuckle. Par eel (parcel), n. 1. {Naut.) A wrapping of tarred canvas on a rope to prevent chafing. It is cut in long, narrow strips, well tarred, and made up into rolls before commencing to lay it on the rope. Usually the rope is wormed, then parceled, and then served, (fcee under these heads.) 2. {Law) PI. A description of property for- mally set forth in a conveyance, together with the boundaries thereof, in order to its easy iden- tification. Parcel-book: A book in which the despatch of parcels is registered. Par dal, Par dale (par dal, par'dale), n. [Lat. pardalis.] A leopard, a panther. [Obs.] "Thepardale swift, tnd the tiger cruel." Spenser: F. Q., I, vi, 26. Par do (par'dO), n. [Port.] 1. A money of °ccount in Goa, in the East Indies; value about 2s. 6d. or 60 cents. A Chinese vessel somewhat like a junk, but smaller. Pardon (pardon), n. Syn.—See Forgiveness. Paregmenon (par-6g'me-n6n), n. [Gr-irapdyu {parago) =to lead, to derive, as one word from another ] {Rhet.) The employment of several words, having a common origin, in the same sen- tence. Pa rel la, Pa relle (pa-rSl'la, pa-rfille7), n. [Fr. parelle, perelle.~\ {Bot.) Lecanora Parella, a crustaceous lichen, and some other species more or le^s akin to it, furnishing, as it does, the dy» called litmus. Par emp to sis (par^mp-tiV'sis), n. [Gr., from 7-apa {para) — beside; e/u. {em) — £v (en) = in, and 7rTU)0'ts( j^tosis=& falling.] {Rhet.) The same as Parembole. Parenthesize (pa-rSn'the-size), v. t. 1. To place or set in a parenthesis; to include between marks of parenthesis. Ji. To make to resemble the sign of a parenthe- sis; to make bowed or curved like the marks of a parenthesis. "He is tall and muscular, usually with legs pa- renthesized by usage to the saddle."—Scribner's Magazine. March, 1880, p. 771. Par get ory. Par jet or y (par'g6t-or-y, par '- jet-or-y), n. Something composed of or covered with parget or plaster; a cover, a screen. [Obs.] —Milton: Apology for Smectynmuus. Par liel ie (par-heFic), a. Pertaining or relat- ing to parhelia. Par lie li nm (par-he'li-um), n. A parhelion. Pariah (parl-ah), n. Pariah-dog: (Zool.) The name given to those individuals of Canis familia- ris which have run wild, and which occur in m;'ny parts of eastern Europe—notably in Con- stantinople, where they are the only scavengers, and in Asia. They are about two feet high, yel- low, black, or a dirty white, with erect, pointed ears, and smooth skins. They form packs or bands, which take possession of a district, repel- ling all intruders. "The sleepy pariah dogs stirred out of the path to make way for us."—Field, Oct. 17, 1885. Pa I'i ail (pa7rl-an), a. [Seedef.] Belonging or pertaining to Paros, an island in the iEgean Sea. Pa ri an (pa'ri-an), n 1. {Geog.) An inhabitant of Paros. {Pottery) A variety of porcelain having the appearance of Carrara marble, and made by the substitution of soft feldspar for Cornish stone in the porcelain process. It derives its name from its resemblance to the celebrated marble of Pa- ros, and is much employed for statuettes and other works of art. Parian-chronicle: An in- scription on some of the Arundelian marbles, so called from having been kept in the island of Pa- ros. It is a chronological account of the prin- cipal events in Grecian, and particularly in Athe- nian history, during a period of 1,318 years, from the reign of Cecrops, b. c. 1450, to the archonship of Diognatus, b. c. 264. But the chronicle of the last ninety years was lost, so that the part ne>w remaining ends at the archonship of Diotimus, b. c. 354. Parietal (pa-ri'e-tal), a. Relating to build- ings or the care of them; having a residence within the walls or buildings of a university or any institution of learning. [Rare.] Pa ri et es (.pa-ri'et-es), n. pi. [Lat.=walls.] {Anat. and Bot.) The inside walls of any cavity: as, the parietes of the cranium; the parietes of a capsule. Parish ion al (pa-rishlon-al), a. [Mid. Eng. parishen=& parishioner; Eng. adj. suff. -«L] Belonging to or connected with a parish; paro- chial. [Obs.]—Bp. Hall: Defence of Humble Re- monstrance, § 13. Pa ris i an (pa-rlg'I-an), a. [Fr. Parisien.] Connected with or pertaining to Paris or its in- habitants. Parisienne (pa-ris'l-gnne"), n. [Fr.] A fe- male native or inhabitant of Paris. Par i sol o gy (par'I-soFo-gy), n. [Gr. ndpiaoq {parisos)=nearly equal; suff. -ology. I The use of equivocal or indefinite language. [Rare.] Park (park), n. Park-keeper: One who has the charge or custody of a park. "All that the Queen could do was to order the park-keepers not to admit Sir John again within the gates."—Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xvii. Park-phaeton: A small, low carriage used for driving in the parks. Par lanee (pai^lange), n. In common parlance: In ordinary language, in the ordinary or usual mode of speech. Par lia ment al (par'lia-ment^al), a. Of or pertaining to parliament; parliamentary. "Such parliamental notes and proceedings, as then were practiced by parliament in this king's time."—Fox: Martyrs, p. 471. Par lor (parlor), n. A room in taverns and the like, kept more private and more select than the taproom, in which customers can sit down and converse sociably while partaking of refresh- ment. [Eng.] Parlor-boarder: A boarder who dines with the family; a pupil in a school who has meals with the teacher's family. Parlor- skate: A skate on rollers for use on a floor or carpet. Dotation: a, e, l, 0, u, y, long; a, e, t, 6, ii, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, t&rm; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rgde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; Qh as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; s as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. J^g^On this page will toe found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PARMESAN 584 PATERA Par me sail (p&r'me-sJn"), a. [See def.] Of or relating to Parma, in Italy, or to its people; specif, applied to a delicate kind of cheese manu- factured there. Par me sail (pftr'me-san'7). Parmesan cheese. Par lias si a (par-nash i-a), n. [From the Greek name Aypocrns eV tw llapvafraw (Agrostis en to Pornassu), from Mount Parnassus, where, on ac- count of its elegance, it was said vo have sprung up. J (Bot.) A genus of plants which has been placed in the Droseracere, the Hyperiaceae, tribe . Elodeae, the Violaee.u, etc. Sir Joseph Hooker considers it one of the Saxifragacea?, as did Lind- ley in 183G. Parnassia palustris is 1 he Common Grass of Parnassus, or Parnassus-grass. It has a large, handsome, yellowish-white flower. Par net lism (par nel-U§m), n. [See def.] The policy of the Parnellites (q. v.). "A victory over specious Toryism, defiant Par- nellism, and obstruction and prejudice of all sorts."—London Weekly Dispatch, Nov. 15, 1885. Par nel lite (p&r'nel-Ute), a. [For etym. see def. under n.] Belonging to, or in any way con- nected with, the Parnellites. "The Parnellite section votes for Mr. Glad- stone."—London Saturday Review, July 15, 1882, p. 70. Par nel lites (p&r nel-ll'es), n. pi. (Eng. Hist.) The supporters of the policy of Mr. Charles Stuart Parnell, M. P. for Cork, the advocate of the political independence of Ireland. "lie had fulfilled his bargain with the Parnel- lites by proposing a certain modification of the bill."—London Saturday Review, July 15, 1882, p. 70. Pa ro clii al Isce (pa-rf>'ehi-al-ize), v. t. To render parochial; to form into parishes. [Eng.] Parol, Pa role (pa-rol', pa-r6le ), a. Given or made by word of mouth; not written; oral: as, a parole contract. "Documents offered as proofs must in general be proved by the parol evidence of witnesses."— Blackstone: Comment, bk. iii, ch. 13. Parol-arrest: (Law) An arrest authorized by a justice by word of mouth. Pa role (pa-role'), v. t. To allow liberty to on parole; to release on parole. "The vanquished were paroled." — Harper's Monthly, Sept., 1885, p. 594. Par o nyme, Par o nym (par;o-nym), n. [Paronymous. J A paronymous word. Par oil j m y (par-on $Tm-y), n. | Paronymous. j The property of being paronymous. Parotitis (par o-ti 'tis), n. (Pathol.) The same as Mumps. Par quet (par-ket'), n. [Fr.] 1. That part of the floor of a theater or music-hall between the orchestra and pit. 2. ihe same as Parquetry. Par qnet age (par ket-ag), n. [Fr.] The same as Parquetry. Par qnet eale, when a field is divided by a per- pendicular line; party per fesse, when it is di- vided by a horizontal line; party per bend, when it is divided by a line running diagonally from the dexter chief to the sinister base. Party-verdict: A joint verdict. "Thy son is banish'd upon good advice, Whereto thy tongue a party-verdict gave." Shakesp.: Richard II, i, 3. Pa 1*11 Si a (pa-ru'gi-a), n. [Gr. napovo-ia. (parou- s£a) = presence, from irapelfjn (pareimi), pr. par. irapoiv (paron)=to be present: napa (para)=be- side, and eljou (eimi)=to be.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead of the past or future, and in a vivid or animated account of past or prediction of future events. Par va gum (par-va'gum), n. [Lat.] See Pneumogastric. Pas i graph ic, Pas i graph ic ai (pas'l- graph 7k\ pas I-graph^ic-al), a. Of or relating to pasigraphy. Pas i la ly (pas^i-la'ly'), n. [Gr. iraai (pasi) = for all, dat. pi. of nds (pas)—all, and AaA-q (Jai*?) = talking; AaAe'w (laleo)=to talk.] A mode of speech fitted for the use of all mankind; a universal language. Pas qiiil (pas'quil), n. [Fr. pasquille; Ital. pasquillo.] The same as Pasquinade. "Bitter pasquils, railing pamphlets." — Bp. Hall: An Humble Remonstrance. Pas quil (pas'quil), a. Lampooning. "Such as into pasquil pulpits come With thundering nonsense." Brome: Death of Mr. J. Shute. Pas se, Pas see (pas-sa'), a. [Fr.] Past; gone out of use; faded; specif, applied to per- sons as past the prime of life. Pas sen ger (pas'sen-ger), n. Passenger-car: A railway car adapted for the use of the traveling public. They will seat from thirty to sixty per- sons. Passenger-pigeon: (Ornith.) Ec topis tes migratoria.—Swain. Cohimba migratoria. —Linn;, also called Wild Pigeon and Migratory Pigeon. It is so called from its migrating from place to place in search of food. Passe par tout (passe-par-to'), n. [Fr. from passer=to pass, and partout—everywhere. J 1. An engraved plate or block, forming a frame round an aperture into which any engraved plate or block may be inserted. This plan was very commonly adopted in the illustrated books of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 2. A frame or mat to go around a picture. Frequently a pasteboard border for a picture be- neath the glass and within the frame. 3. A safe-conduct, or permission to go every- where. "With this passepartout I will instantly con- duct her to my own chamber."—Dryden: Kind Keeper, v, 1. 4. A master-key; a latch-key. Pas si flor a (passi-flOr'a), n. [Lat. 2>^ssio= suffering, and flos, genit. floris—& flower.] (Bot.) Passion-flower; the typical genus of the order Passifloraceae. Pas sion (pashun), n. That for which one feels an enthusiastic or vehement desire or fond- ness; a pursuit engaged in with ardor or enthusi- astic fondness: as. His passion is music. Pas Sion (pash'un), v. t. To imbue with pas- sion; to impassion. Pas sive (passive), a. Passive obedience: Unqualified obedience or submission to the com- mands of another, whether such commands bo lawful or unlawful, just or unjust. Passive obe- dience and non-resistance to authority have been at times taught as a political doctrine. Pass man (pass man), n. In the universities, one who passes for an ordinary degree without honors. Paste board (paste'bOard), n. 1. Playing- cards. [Colloq. or slang.] £. A visiting-card. [Slang.] "I shall just leave a pasteboard."—Hughes: Tom Brown at Oxford, ch. xxv. 3, A board used for rolling out dough upon. Pas tor age (pas'tor-age), n. The office, state or post of a pastor; pastorate. Pas tor ling (pas'tor-ling), n. A poor, mean, or insignificant pastor. [Rare.] "Some negligent pastorlings there are."—Bp. Hall: Noah's Dove. Pat (pat), n. [An abbreviation of Patrick, the patron-saint of Ireland.] A common name for an Irishman. Pa ta ca (pa-ta'ea\ n. [Sp.] An Algerian coin, of the. value of Is. 6d. sterling, or about 36 cents. Pa taehe (pa-tash7), n. A kind of stage coach. Pat a go ni an (pat'a-gO' ni-an), a. [See def-3 (Geog.) Bi'louging or pertaining to Patagonia or its inhabitants. Pat a go ni ail (pat'a-go"ni-an), n. (Geog.) A native of Patagonia. Patch (patch), n. Not to be a patch on some person or thing: Not fit to be compared to him or it. [Slang.] "He is not a, patch on you for looks."—C. Reade: Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxxvii. Patch-ice: Pieces of ice in the sea, overlapping or nearly joining each oth>r. Pat ehou li, Pat chou ly (pa-cho ii), n. [Beng. pachapat (?).J 1. A perfume prepared from the plant described in 2. 2. (Bot.) Pogostemon patchouli, a labiate plant growing in Silhet, Burmah, and the Malay- an peninsula. Large quantities of the plant are exported from Penang for stuffing mattresses and pillows; the leaves, which smell strong'y, are supposed to keep off contagi n. The dried roots furnish the patchouli of commerce. Patch y (patch y), a. Full of patches. Paten ey (paten-Q5T). n. 1. The state of being spread open or enlarged. 2. The state of being open, plain, or evident. Pat ent right (pat ent-rlght), n. The exclusive privilege granted to the first inventor of a new manufacture of making articles according to his invention.—Wharton. Pat era (pater-a), n. [Lat.] 1. (Class. Antiq.) A round dish, plate, saucer, or goblet, used by the Notation: a, e, i, 0, u, y, long: a, e, K, 6. ti, jf, short; c&re, far, last, fall, what: there, veil, term; pique, firm: done, for, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude* push; e, i, o, silent; £ as s; gh as sh; c, -ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as- gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all woras in tiie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PATERNITY 585 PECK Greeks and Romans in their sacrifices and liba- tion . They were commonly of red earthenware, sometimes of bronze and other metals, orna- mented with a drawn pattern, and were especial- ly used to contain the wine with which a libation was poured over the head of a victim or on the altar. (IUus., Patera.] 2. (Arch.) Prope ly an ornament on a frieze representing a round dish in bas-relief, but the term is also applied to many flat ornaments not resembling dishes. Paterni ty (pa-ter'ni-tj'), n. Authorship, or- igin: as, the paternity of a book. Pa tliet ic (pa-th6tie), a. Pa thetic-n erves: (An at. i The fourth pair of cranial nerves; cal.ed also trochlear nerves. Pa thog en y ('pa-thfig'-en-J), n. [Gr. 7ra0o? (pathos) = suffering; yewauj (gennao) = to pro- duce. J (Med.) That branch of pathology which pertains to the generation and development of disease: pathogony.—Dunglison. Patience (pa'shens), n. Syn.— Patience, Res- ignation. Patience applies to any troubles or pains whatever, small or great; resignation is employed only for those of great moment, in which our dearest interests are concerned. There are perpetual occurrences which are apt to harass the temper, unless one regards them with patience; the misfortunes of some men are of so calamitous a nature, that if they have not acquired the resignation of Christians, they must inevitably sink under them. Patience applies only to the evils that actually hang over us: but there is a resignation connected with a firm trust in Providence, which extends its views to futuri- ty, and prepares us for the worst that may bap- pea.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Pa tlent (pa'shent), n. In-patient: A patient who is lodged and boarded at a hospital. Out-pa- tient: One who visits a hospital or infirmary at stated times to receive ad\ice and treatment. Pat iie (pat lie), n. See Puteli. Pa tri al (pa'trl-al), a. [Lat. pa£Wws=belonging to one's native land, from patria—one's native lanc?, from pater, genit. patris—a father.] 1. Of or pertaining to a father; paternal. 2. (Gram. ) Pertaining or relating to a family, race, or line of descent; denoting a race or fam- ily. (Applied to a certain class of words.) Pa tri al (pa tri-al), n. (Oram.) A noun origin- ating from the name of a country, and denoting a native or inhabitant of it. Pa tri areli dom (patri-arch-dom), n. The office, position, or jurisdiction of a patriarch; a patriarchate. Patrician (pa-tri cian), n. One who is famil- iar with the writings of the early fathers of the church; one skilled in patristic learning. Pa tri cian ism (pa-tri'cian-igm), n. The office, dignity or character of patricians. Pat ri cici al (pat ri-^ld 'al), a. Of or pertain- ing to patricide or parricide; parricidal. Pat ri cide (pat'rl-Qlde), n. [Lat. pater, genit. patris = a father; ccedo (in comp. ciclo)=to kill.] 1. The murder of a father; parricide. 2. The murderer of a father; a parricide. Pa tri ot ic al ly, Pat ri ot ic al ly (pa'- tri-ot'Ic-al-ly, p&t'rl-ot^ie-al-ly), adv. In a patri- otic manner; like a patriot. "The opposition, whether patriotically or fac- tiously, contend, that the ministers had been ob- livious of the national glory."—Burke: Regicide Peace, let. 3. Pa tri pas si an ism (pa/trl-p&s//sian-i§m), n. {Reel. Hist.) The teaching that God the Father became incarnate, and suffered for the redemp- tion of man. It may be of two kinds: (1) Sub- stituting, in the person of Jesus, the one undis- tinguished God for the divine nature of the Word; (2) attributing passibility to the Godhead. The former view was held by the Noetians, Praxeang, and Sabellians; and Pearson (Expos. Creed, art. iv.) points out that the doctrine is involved in Arianism, as it is also in Apollinarian teaching. uThe history of the Monarchian sects shows an endeavor to escape from the revolting tenet of Patripassianism.'''1—Blunt: Diet. Sects, p. 332. Pa trol (pa-trol7), v. t. To perambulate as a pa- trol: to go around as a patrol or guard. "The police patroled the streets.1'—London Daily Telegraph, Sept. 17, 1885. Pa tron (patron), a. Affording tutelary aid; tut elary. Patron-saint: (Eccl.) The saint under whose invocation countries, churches, religious houses or societies, or individuals are placed. The patron of a place is chosen by the people ' with the consent of the clergy; and of a church by the founder. There can not be more than one principal patron of a country or church unless by Apostolic indult. Pat ron ate (pat ron-ate), n. [Lat. patronatus.] The privilege or duty of a patron; patronage. Pat ro nym ic al (pat/ro-nymvIe-al), a. Pat- tronymic. Pat tern ar (p&t'tem-ar), h. The same as Pata- mar. Pat ten (pat ten), n. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.'} Pat ter (p&t ter), v. t. To make, to strike or fall in drops; to sprinkle. To pater fish: To talk in slang or thieves' cant. [Slang.] Pat tern (pat tern). n. (Founding) The coun- terpart of a casting in wood or metal from which the mold in the sand is made. Pail cil O . 541) for being uncanonically conse- crated, and then joined the Monophysites. Pail li ci ans (pau-lishl-anz), n. pi. (Eccl. Hist.) A Manichaan sect of Asiatic origin, who appeared in Armenia in the seventh century. They owed their name to a mythical founder, or to their claim to a "monopoly of the pure doc- trine of the Apostle of the Gantiles."—Blunt. From the close of the seventh to the middle of the ninth century, they suffered severe persecu- tion, notably under the regency of Theodora (841-857), who did her best to extirpate them; no less than 100,000 are said to have perished from her attempts to carry out her design. Blunt (Diet. Sects) thus summarizes their doc- trine: "They taught the essential evil of matter, the eternal hostility of the two principles; they de- * nied the inspiration of the Old Testament and the Deity of Jehovah; they despised the Cross; and, holding the Valentinian doctrine that the spiritual Christ passftd through the body of the Virgin like water through a pipe, were naturally accused of insulting her memory; they taught a purely illusory baptism, and had no eucharist; they excluded their ministers or scribes from all government in their community; above all, they were iconoclasts, and placed the Scriptures in the hands of the laity." Pauncli (paunch), n. (Naut.) A thickly thrummed mat of sennit wrapped around a spar or rope to keep it from chafing. Paune (paune), n. An Indian name for pone, a kind of johnny cake. Pau per ism (pau'per-igm), n. Syn.—See Pov- ebty. Pau sa tion (pau-§a'tion), n. [Lat. pausatio, from pauso=to cease.] The act of pausing or stopping, a pause, a stop, a stay. [06s.] Pav age (pav age), n. Paviage. Pav e satle (pav-'e-sade-7), n. [Fr.] A canvas screen extended along tne side of a ship in an engagement to prevent the enemy from observ- ing the operations on board. Pav ese, Pa vesse (pav-ege7, pa-v&sseO, v. t. To shield, to cover, to defend with, or as with a pavise. [06s.]—Berners: Froissart; Cronycle, vol. ii, ch. xc. Pav ese. Pav esse (pav-ese', pa-vSsse;), n. The same as Pavise . Pa vil ion (pa-vil'yun), n. (Anat.) The ala, or greater part of the external ear. Pa vis or (pa-vig'or), n. A soldier who carried a pavise. Pa VO (pa7vo), n. [Lat. = a peacock.] (Ornith.) Peacock; the typical genus of the sub-family Pavoninse. Pav o ni use (pav'o-ni^nge), n. pi. [Lat. pat>o, genit. pavon(is); (Ornith.) A sub-family of Phasianidae. Plumage generally covered with spots or ocelli. It contains four genera, Pavo, Polypiectron, Argus and Crossoptilon. Habitat, the Oriental region. Pawk (pawk), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A small lobster. Pawn a ble (pawn'a-ble), a. That mayor can be pawned; capable of being pawned, "A thing neither pawnable nor salable."—Jar- vis: Don Quixote, pt. i, bk. iii, ch. ix. Pax il lose (pax'il-lOse), a. [Lat. paxillus = a stake.] (Geol. etc.) Like a small stake. Pax y waxy (pax^y-wax-'y), n. The same as Pax-Wax. Pay ( pay), v. t. To pay the piper: To bear the cost, expense or trouble; to be mulcted. Pay mis tress (pay^mls'trSss), n. A female who pays or acts as paymaster. Payn ize (paynize), v. t. [From the name of the inventor, Mr. Payn. ] To preserve as wood by a process consisting in placing it in a close chamber, depriving it of its air by means of an air-pump, and injecting successively solutions of sulphuret of calcium or of barium, and sulphate of lime. Wood thus treated is very heavy, very durable, and nearly incombustible, Pay or (pay7or), n. The same as Payer. Pay roll (payroll), n. A pay-bill. Peace (p<5a$e), v. i. To become peaceful, quiet, or tranquil. [Rare.} Peace a ble (pea^e'a-ble), a. Syn.—Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable implies having the desire of peace; peacefid, having the quality, or being in the state of peace. Peaceable describes the state of an individual, nation, etc., in respect to external hostility; peaceful has reference to in- ternal disturbance. We speak of & peaceable man; a peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a peaceful valley; a peaceful life; a peaceful retreat.—Fal- lows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Peacli (peach), v. i. [An abbrev. of impeach.] To inform; to turn informer; to impeach one's accomplices. " They all shook hands with me, and said I wa<* a good fellow for not peaching.''''—Marryatt: Peter Simple, ch. vii. Peacli (peach), v. t. To impeach; to turn against. [06s.]—Fox: Martyrs, p. 1115. Peacli y (peach'y), a. Resembling or of the nature or appearance of peaches.—H. Kingsley: Ravenshoe, ch. iii. Peafowl (peafowl), n. Any individual of the peacock family. Peal (peal), n. 1. A number of bells tuned to each other so as to form a chime. 2. The changes rung on such a chime of bells. Pear (pefir), n. Pear-encrinite: (Paleont.) A popular name for any individual of the genus Apiocrinus or the family Apiocrinidse. Pear- gauge: A guage for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver. It consists of a tube open at the bottom and held by a wire passing through the top of the receiver, so that after exhaustion it may be lowered into a cup of mercury, the degree of exhaustion being shown by the height to which the mercury rises when the air is read- mitted. Pea ri lie (pea^ri'fle), n. A rifle having a bore so small as to carry a bullet as small as^ or little larger than, a pea. Pearl (p&arl), n. 1. (Print.) A size of type between Diamond and Agate. 2. (Ichth.) Rhombus vulgaris; called also the Brill, Kite, Brett, and Bonnet-fleuk.— Yarrell. Pearl (pfearl), a. Relating to, containing, or made of pearl or pearls: as, a pearl necklace, a pearl ring, etc. Pearl-barley: [Skeat suggests that pearl-barley is perhaps for pilled—(peeled) barley, as in Cotgrave orge pe/e=pilled barley.] That portion of the barley grains which remains after the skin and outer portion have been re- moved. Pearl-button: A button made of a shell. Pearl-eye: A white speck or film on the eye; a cata- ract. Pearl-grass: (Bot.) Lithospermurn offici- nale, a plant. Pearl-gray: Pure gray, a little verging to blue. Pearl-stitch: An ornamental stitch in knitted work. Pearl-wort: (Bot.) The genus Sagina. Pear lin, Pefirl ing (pfearlln, pearling), n. [Prob. from Fr. perle=pearl, and Un=fLax, linen; cf. Gael, pearliunn; Ir. peirlin—fine linen, cam- bric.] Lace made of silk or other thread; fine linen, cambric. ' "Forbye a set o' pearlins I sent yoursell when ye was gaun to be married."—Scott: Rob Roy, ch. xxxi. Pear shaped (pear-shaped), a. Of the shape or form of a pear; pointed above, and ovate be- low. Akin to turbinate, but more elongated. Peat-bog (p6at;bog), n. A bog or marsh con- taining peat; a peat-moss. Pe ba (pe'ba), n. [Native name.] (Zool.) Das- ypus (Tatusia) peba, called also the Black Taton, an armadillo ranging from Texas southward to Paraguay. Its flesh is said to resemble sucking- pig in flavor, and the native women attribute im- aginary virtues to the shell. Peb bling (peb'bling), n. (Leather) An opera- ' tion to bring out the grain of leather and give it a roughened or ribbed appearance. Pec CO (pSe'eo), n. The same as Pekoe. Peck (peek), v. i. 1. To make strokes with the beak or a pointed instrument. "With a pickax of iron about sixteen inches long, sharpened at the one end to peck and flat- headed at the other to drive little iron wedges to cleave rocks."—Carew: Survey of Cornwall. Notation: a, 6, l, 0, a, y, long; a, 6, 1, 6, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th&re, veil, tferm; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. PaSG wil1 found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PECTINATE 506 PENNY S£. To pick up food with the beak. "She, when he walked, went pecking at his side." Dryden: Cock and Fox. 84. l\i peck at: To persistently strike at or attack; to carp at. "Sometimes we see two men pecking at one an- other very eagerly."—South: Sermons, vol. x, «er. (5. Pec ti 11 ate (ptVtl-nate), a. Pectinate-claw: (Ornith.) A claw with comb-like divisions on one of its sides. It is found in the Goat-sucker. Its use is not known. Pec tor al ly (pec'tor-al-l.?), adv. In a pec- toral manner; as concerning the breast. Pec tor il o quisni (pec'tor-iro-quigm), n. The same as Pectoriloquy. Pec* tor il o quous (D6c/tor-il//o-quoCuj), a. The same as Pectoriloquial. Per ill £p6e'ul), n. The same as PicUL, Pe cul lar (pe-eul'iar), a. Syn.— See Particu- lar and Special. Pe c-u li um (pe-ciVli-fim), n. [Lat.] Private X)roperty; savings. Pe cu ni ous (pe-etViiI-ofis), a. [Lat. pecu- niosus, from pecimia=money; Ital., Sp., and Port, pecunioso; Fr. pecunieux.] Having an abundance of money; rich, wealthy. [Obs.J Ped age (ped'age), n. [Low Lat. pedagium, from Lat. pes, gen.t. pedis=a foot; Fr. peage; Sp. peage; Ital. pedaggio. J A tax or toll paid for pass- ing through any country, for which the passen- gers were entitled to safe conduct and protection; peage.^ Pe da li an (pe-da'li-an), a. [Lat. pedalis, from pes, genit. pedis — the foot, j Pertaining or relat- ing to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal. Pe dan tic ly (pe-dfin'tie-ly j, adv. After the manner of a pedant; pedantically. Ped ant ism (pSd'ant-ism), n. 1. The office or manners <>r a pedagogue. 54. Pedantry. Ped ant y I pe rant-jr)» n. Pedants collectively; a p'vlunt. | o/,s. J 'Tim Pedant// or household schoolmaster."— Leu nurd: Of Wisdome, l>k. i, ch. xxxix. Ped es tal (ped es-tal), n. I. (Maeh.) The standards of a pillow-block, holding the brasses in which the shatt turns. 55. (Rail tray) A casting secured to the truck- frame and having vertical guides for the journal- boxes of tile axles, which rise and fall in the ped- estals as the springs collapse and expand. Pe des tri al ly (pe-dCvs'tri-al-ly), adv. In a pe lestrial manner; on foot. Ped i- (,p£d-l-), pref. [Lat. pes, genit. pcdis=& foot. J Connected with or resembling a foot. Ped i eeled (ped I-geled), a. The same as Pedi- cellate. Ped i cle (p6d'I-cle), n. (Anat.) The anterior portion of the half of a vertebral arch. It is rounded and narrow.—Quain. Pe die u la tlon (pe-die/a-la"tion), n. [Lat. pediculus = a louse.] (Pathol.) A disease of the body in which it becomes affected with lice; the lousy distemper; phthiriasis. Ped far (ped'lar), n. A peddler. Pe dun cle (pe-diink'le), n. (Anat.) One of certain nervous fibers situated in the brain. Peek y (peek'y), a. A term applied to timber and trees, in which the first symptoms of decay are shown. [U. S.J Peel, n. [Welsh pill~a tower, a fort; Manx ey.] A fortified tower; a fortress, a fort. They were constructed generally of earth and timber, strengthened by palisades. Peels are frequent on the Scottish border, and were formerly used as residences for the chiefs of the smaller sopts, and as places of dsfense against marauders. "The Svftn villages are composed of innumer- able little towers, like the peels of the Northum- brian border."— Pall Mall Gazette, Jan. 23, 1884. Peel er (peel'er), n. [See extract.] A nickname first applied to the Irish constabulary, and after- ward, for similar reasons, given also to members of the English police. "His [Sir Iiobert Peel] greatest service to Ire- land as secretary was the institution of the regu- lar Irish constabulary, nicknamed after him 1Peelers.' "—En,eye. Brit. (ed. 9th), xviii, 453. Peel house (peel'house), n. A peel (q. v.). • Peert, a. The same as Peart. Peer y (peer'y), a. Sharp-looking, curious, sus- picious. "You are so shy and peery."—Fielding: Amelia. bk. ii, ch. ix. Pee vish (pee'vlsh), a. Syn.—See Fretful. Pee vit (pee'vlt), n. [From the cry of the bird.] The Lapwing, also called pewit. P®£ (P©£?)» To take one down a peg, to take one a peg lower: To humilitate, degrade, or de- press a person. [Peg-tankard. J "The brilliant young athlete wanted taking down a peg.''''—Literary World, Feb. 3, 188*2. Peg-ladder: A ladder with bur one standard, into or through which cross-pieces are inserted. It is usually fixed. Peg-tankard: A kind of tankard in u-e in the sixteenth century. It held two quarts, and was divided by seven pegs or pins, one above the other, into eight equal portions. Pe a;a se an. Peg; a we an (pe-ga'se-an, pfig- a-siV'an), a. Of or pertaining to Pegasus; swift, speedy. PCK O mail cy (peg^o-mftn7^), n. [Gr. Tryyri (pege) — a fountain, and fxavTtia (manteia) — prophecy, divination.] Divination by fountains. Pe gu an (pe-gtVun), a. [See def,J (Geog.) Be- longing or pertaining to Pega, in Burmah, or its inhabitants. Pe gu an (pe-gft'an), n. (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Pegu. Pe gu. er (pe gder), n. The same as Pegua, n. Pel e can (pil'e-ean), n. A pelican. Pel e eoid, Pel i cold (p6ie-eoid, pSl'i-eoid), n. [Gr. n-eAe/cw? (pelekus) = a hatchet; Eng. suff.-oid. (Geom.) A figure of a hatchet-shaped form, consisting of a semicircle and two inverted quadrantal arcs. Pel i coid (p61j-eoid), n. SeePELicom. Pel i o Ilia (pel'i-o7 ma), n. [Peliom.J (Med.) An extravasation of blood of a livid color. Pell, Pelle (p611, pSlle), v, t. [Etym. doubtful.] Prob. from Lat. pello = to drive.] To knock about; to pelt. [Ofrs.J Pel lagra (pel-la'gra), n. [Ital. pelle- = the skin, agra, fem. of agro = rough.] (Pathol.) A dis- ease c ;mmon among the peasantry of Northern Italy, the Austrias, Gascony, Roumania and Corfu, caused by living on a maize affected by a parasitic fungus. It is not a morbus miseries pure and simple, as it is entirely absent from certain zones where such diseases undoubtedl y exist. It commences by the appearance of a shining red spot on some part of the body, the skin becomes dry and cracks, and the epidermis falls off in white bran-like scales, leaving a shin- ing redness as before. Pel let ed (pel let-ed), a. Formed into pellets; mailt* of or resembling pellets; consisting of j> el lets. "My brave Egyptians all, By the decandying of this pelleted storm, Lie graveless." Shakesp.: Antony and Cleopatra, iii, 11. Pel Ot Age (pel ot-age), n.' [Fr.J Spanish wool made up into bales or packs. Pelt (pelt), n. A rage, a passion. Full-pelt: As hard and fast as one can go. Pelt (p61t), v. i. I. To throw missiles. "PeM so fast at one another's pate." Sh akesp.: 1 Henry VI, iii, 1. &. To throw out words; to use abusive lan- guage. [06s.] "Another smother'd seems to pelt and swear." Shakesp.: Rape of Lucrece, 1418. 3. To beat down heavily: as, The rain pelted down. Pel ta(pel'ta, pi. pSl'tse), n. [Lat., from Gr. 7reAr>} (pelte) — a shield.] 1. (Rom. Antin erftft), n. Authorship; the ca- pacity for composing or writing. Pend (pSml), n. [East Ind.J A name for oil- cake; penock. Pcnd (pend), v. i. 1. Tr lxe pending; to be in 'au undecided state; to be ui>.> r consideration. J&. To depend upon, [ftare.] Pen dice (pSu'diye), n. J. A roof which slopes; a pentice. A pent-house. 3. A veil or pendant of a lady's head-dress; curtains or hangings of a room.—Stubbes: Anat. Abuses, p. 67.) Pen di cle (pSn'di-ele), n. [A dimin. from Lat. pendeo — to hang.] 1. A pendant, au ap- pendage. it. A small piece of ground, either depending on a larger farm, or let separately by the owner; a croft. [Scotch.] 3. One church dependent on another. [Scotch.] 4. An inferior member of certain trade incor- porations. [Scotch.'] Pen di eler (pen'di-cler), n. [Eng. pendicl(e)'r -er.] An inferior or small tenant; a crofter; one who cultivates or rents a pendicle or croft. [Scofc/i.] Pend ing (pgnd'Ing), p. a. [Ft. pendant, as in the phrase pendant cela = in the meanwhile.} Depending, undecided; in continuance. Pe liel O |»e (pe-nel'o-pe), n. [Gr. llrjveXonrj (Pe- nelope) = the (laughter of Tyndareus, wife of Ulysses, and mother of Telemachus.] (Grnith.) Guan; the typical genus of the sub-family Pen- elopinae; in older classifications a genus of Cra- cidaj. Pen e tra ble ness (p6n/e-tra-ble-n6ss\ The quality or state of being penetrable; capa- bility of being penetrated. Pen e tra l>ly (pto'e-tra-bly), adv. In a pene- trable manner; so as to be entered or pierced. "That which 8 extended also, but penetrably and intangibly."—Cudworth: Intel. System, p. 769. Pen e tra tion (pen^-tra^tion), n. ^yn.— Penetration, Acuteness, Sagacity. Penetra- tion denotes the process of entering into sub- stances physically or morally; acuteness, which is the same as sharpness, denotes the fitness of the thing that performs this process: and as the mind is in both cases the thing that is spoken of, the terms penetration and acuteness aro in this particular closely allied. It is clear, however, t hat the mind may have penetration without hav- ing acuteness, although one can not have at'M/c- ness without penelration. Sagacity comes in all probability from the Persian sag, a dog, whence the term has been peculiarly applied to dogs* and from thence extended to all brutes,which discover an intuitive wisdom, and also to chil- dren, or uneducated persons, in whom there i» more penetration than may be expected from th» narrow compass of their knowledge; hence, prop- erly speaking, sagacity is natural or uncultivated acuteness.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Pen fold (p6n'fold), n. See Pinfold. Pen hold er (pgn'-iioid'er),™. A penhandle. Pen i ten tia ry ship (p6n/U^n//sha-ry-ship)» n. The office or post of a penitentiary or con- fessor. " The penitentiary ship or the proband of Saint Pancras in the cathedral church of St, Paul."— Wood: A thenar Oxon., vol. i. Pen nacli (p^n'nash), n. A plume or bunch of feathers. [ Obs. J Pen ni nerved (ptfn'nT-nSrved), a, [Lat. pet - na=a feather, and Eng. nerved.] (Bot.) Hav- ing the ribs pedate. Pen nip o tent (pSn-nTp'o-tSnt), a. [Lat. pen- nipotens: penna — fi feather, and pof«ms=power- ful.] Strong on the jying. [Poet.]—Davies: Holy Roode, p. 15. Pen noil. Pen on (p6n;non, pen'on), n. [Fr. pennon, from Lat. penna—awing, a feather; Ital. pennone.] I. A wing or pinion. "Fluttering his pennons vain, plumb-down he drop*." Milton: P. L , ii, 933. 2. A small flag or streamer half the size of the guidon but shaped like it, of a swallow-tail form, attached to the handle of a lance or spear. Afterward it became, by increase in length and' breadth, a military ensign, and was charged with the crest, badge, or war-cry of the knight; his arms being emblazoned on the banner, which was in shape a parallelogram. "On each side, like pennons wide, Flashing crystal streamlets run." Longfellow: Sir Humphrey Gilbert. Pen lion eel, Pen non eelle (p6n uon-g61)', n. [O. Fr. pennoncel.] The same as Pencel. Pen ny (p6n;ny)i n• Penny-father: A miserly Notation: a, 6, l, 0, tl, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, ii, f, short; cftre, far, last, f&ll, what; thftre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; e,$h, ask; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x asgz; n as in linger, link; tfa as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in tbe latest editions of both Websters and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PENNYWISE 587 PERFUSION person; a niggard- [Ohs.\—More: Utopia, bk. ii, ch. vi. | Penny-grass: (Bot.) The same as Pennyroyal. Penny-wedding: A wedding where each of the guests and friends contributes toward the outfit of the married couple. Pen ny wise (pen;ny-wi§e), a. Penny ivise and j/ound foolish: Scrupulously attentive to small matters, but careless in important affairs. " Override any arguments advanced by the sup- porters of a penny wise and pound foolish pol- icy.''—London Daily Telegraphy Sept. 23, 1885. Pen ock (p£n'oek), n. See Pend, v. Pen rack. (pSn'riiek), n. A contrivance on which to put pens when not in use. Pen sion (pfin'sion), n. A boarding-house or ooarding-school, especially on the continent, as in Paris. Pen wived (pfen'slved), a. Pensive melancholy; rendered sad. "Lo! all these trophies of affections hot, Of pensiv\l and subdued desires the tender." Shakesp.: Complaint of a Lover^ 219. Pen slides (penslide§), n. An instrument used by surveyors, etc., for drawing maps and plans. Pent-, Pen ta-, Pen te- (p6nt-, p£n-ta-, pSn- te-), pref. [Gr. irivtc (penfe) = five; in compos, generally iriura- (penta-).] 1. Containing or pertaining to five of anything. 2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that a compound contains five atoms of the element specified, e. #., I.)entachloride of phosphorus—PCI5. Pen ta ea|> su lar (pfen'ta-cap^sii-lar), a. [Pref. pentaand Eng. capsular. \ (Bot.) Hav- ing five capsules or seed-vessels. Pen ta ele (p6n'ta-ele), n. ( Low Lat. pentacu- lum.] I. A figure whose basis consists of five lines, forming a five-pointed star. It is not in- frequent in early ornamental art, but was also used with superstitious import by the astrologers and mystics of the middle ages.—Fairholt. 2. A piece of fine linen, folded with five cor- ners, accor ling to the five senses, and suitably inscribed with characters. This the magician ex- tended toward the spirits which he evoked, when they were stubborn and rebellious, and refused to be conformable to the ceremonies and rites of magic. Pen tani er ail (pSn-tftm'er-an),*!. [Mod. Lat. pentamer(a); Eng. suff. -an. j (Entom.) A beetle of the tribe Pentamera (q. v.). Pen tain er 011s (p6n-tnm'er-ofis), a. [Pentam- era. j 1. (Bot.) Having five parts. 2. ( Entom. ) Of or pertaining to the Pentamera (q. v. J. Pen tani y ron (p&n-tftm'j'-rdn), n. [Pref. penta-* aivl Gr. ixvpov (muron) = a sweet vegetable .juice. J (Med. and Pharm.) An old name applied to an ointment described by AAtius, containing five ingredients.—Mayne. Pen tan lep sis (p6r i-bl£p"sts), n. [Gr. =a look- ing around: pref. periand fiAeirio {blejto) — to look.] (Med.) The wild look which attends de- lirium. —Dunglison. Per i ear die, Pericardiac (p&r'i-cftr"- die, per I-ear di-&c), a. [Lat. pericard(ium): Eng. adj. suff. -ic, -iac. ] Pertaining to the pericardium; pericardian: as, pericardiac arte- ries. J*er i car di tis (p6r/l-ear-divtis), n. [Eng. pericard(ium); suff. -itis, denoting inflamma- tion.] (Pathol.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart, a frequent complication of rheumatic fever, also of chorea, and other kin- 1 a/cr? (phake)=its fruit.] (Bot.) A large genus of papilionaceous plants, sub-tribe Astra- galese. Now reduced to Astragalus. Pliac O lite (ph&e/o-lite), n. [Gr. aicos (pha- Jcos) — a bean, and Ai'0o? (lithos) — stone; Ger. pha- Jcolit.] (Min.) A variety of Chabazite, occurring in lenticular forms arising from twinning. First found at Lei pa, Bohemia. Phfie no ga ini a (phse'no-ga'/mi-a), n. pi. [See Phanerogamia. ] Phae no gam ic (phae'no-g&m"ic), n. (Bot.) Having visible sexual organs. The same as Phanerogamic (q. v.).— J. D. Hooker in Lindley^s Veg. King. (ed. 3d), p. 94. Phte nog a mons (phge-nflg-'a-motis), a. (Bot.) Having manifest flowers; phanerogamous. Phse nom e non (phae-n6m e-non). The same as Phenomenon. 590 Phal a ero sis (phal'a-ero'sis), n. (Med.) Baldness of the head; calvities. Pha lan ge al (pha-l&n'ge-al), a. Phalangal. Pha lan gi um (pha-ian gi-um), n. [Lat., from Gr. tyaAayytov (phalanggion) = a venomous spi- der, from <£aAay£ (phalangx) = (1) a phalanx, (2)a spider.] (Zool.) The typical genus of the Phalangiidae or long-legged spiders. Plial an ster ism (phai-an'ster-ism), n. The same as Phalansterianism. Phal an ster y (ph&r&n-ster-y), n. [Fr. phal- anstdre, from Gr. akayi- (phalangx) = a pha- lanx. J A community of persons living together according to the system of Fourier. [Fourier- ism. ] "A phalanstery of all the friends.1'—C. Kings- ley: Alton Locke. ch. viii. Pha lanx (pha'l&nx), n. A society or association of members established upon the plan of Fourier, and living in a common dwelling. [Phalan- stery.] Pha lar is) (pha-lar'is), n. [Lat. from Gr. apis (phalaris), $aA r/pi's (phaleris).] (Bot.) The typical genus of the Phalarideaa. The flower glumes are three, the upper bisexual, the two lower ones rudimentary. Known species sixteen; one, Phalaris arundinaceoe, a grass two to six feet high, grows in rivers and lakes.' P. ca- nariensis furnishes canary seen Phal a ro pus (phal a-ro 'pus), n. [Gr. <£aAapi9 (jihalaris) = a coot, and ttovs (pons) — a foot.] (Ornith.) The sole genus of the sub-family Phalaropinse with three species. They swim well, and go far out on the ocean. Phal lus (phallus), n. (Bot.) The typical genus of the Phalloidei. Large terrestrial fungi, sometimes growing on rotten wood and very poi- sonous. Phallus impudicus, the Stinkhorn, growing in wo >ds and hedges, is very fetid. P. caninus is scentless. Phan ta scope, Plian tas ma scope f phan'ta-seope, phftn-tas 'ma-scope), n. [Gr. 4>ai>Ta(TiJLa (phantasma) = an image, and a> (grapho) = to write.] A description of or treatise on celestial appear- ances, as the rainbow, etc. Phan torn ^phan'tom), n. Phantom-corn: Light or lank growing corn. Phan to mat ic (phan'to-mafic), a. Relating to or resembling a phantom. Phan torn na tion (phan'tom-na1"tion), n. An illusory appearance, like that of a phantom; an illusion. Pharisee ism (phar'i-see-ism), n. The same as Pharisaism. Phar ma co- (phar'ma-eo-), pref. [Gr. apvy£ (pharungx) genit. <}>dpvyyoaAo?- (2ihaskdlos)=a leather bag.] Having a marsu- pium. Phas col O mys (phas-c<51;o-mys), n. [Pref. phascolo-, and Gr. (wms) = a mouse.] (Zool.) Wombat, the sole genus of the family Phascolo- myidse. Three species are known; they may be divided into two groups: (1) Phascolomys Wombat and P. platyrhinus, the Common and Broad- nosed Wombats; and (2) P. latifrons, the Hairy- nosed Wombat. They are terrestrial, burrowing animals, vegetable feeders, from the south of Australia, Tasmania, and the islands of Bass'' Straits. Phase (phage), n. 1. (Physics.) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, es- pecially when contrasted with another point: as the phases in the waves of vibration, in the tides, in the motion of a pendulum, etc. 2. (Physiol.) The several changes which the- human and other organisms undergo in the prog- ress from birth to maturity, and thence again tc* decline and death. Pha se O lus (pha-s&'o-lus), n. [Lat. = a kind of bean with an edible legume; dimin. of Lat. phaselus: Gr. (^ao-r/Ao? (phaselos) — a kidney bean.] (Bot.) The typical genus of the Phaseo- leae. Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants, with pinately trifoliate leaves. Phaseolus vulgaris is the Kidney bean; P. multiflorus, the Scarlet- runner. Plia si an i dse (pha/gi-an//i-d8e), n. pi. [Lat. phasian(us); fem. pi. adj. suff. -idee.] (Ornith.) A family of GaUinse or Game-birds, for the most part of brilliant plumage, crested or with tufts, widely distributed, but most abundant in Eastern, Asia. EUiott recognizes eight sub-families: Pa- vonine, Lophophorinae, Meleagrinse, Phasianinfe, Euplocamineae, Gallinae, Agelastinse, and Numid- inte. Pha sis (pha'sls), n. The same as Phase. Pheas ant (pheag'anfc), n. (Ornith.) Some of the species are P. shawi, P. insignis, P. mongoli- cus, P. torquatuSi P. formosanus, P. decollatas, P. versicolor, P. elegans, P. ivallichi, P. reevesi„ P. soemmeringi, known respectively as Shaw's, the Yarkland, the Mongolian, the Ring-necked, the Formosan, the Ringless Chinese, the Japan- ese, the Green-backed Golden, Wallich's, Reeves', and Scemmering's Pheasant. Thaumaleapictai» the Golden and T. Amhestice Lady Amherst's Pheasant. The Silver Pheasant is Euplocomu& nycthemerus.—Elliot. Plieese (phee§e), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A fit of fretfulness; peevishness;', crossness. Phees y (phees'y), a. Fretful; peevish; whin- iug; querulous. Phel lo plas tics (ph61/lo-pias//ties), n. [Gr. <£eAA6s (phellos) = cork, and Eng. plastic. The art of modeling in cork. Phen a cite, Phen a kite (phen'a-cite, ph§n' a-klte), n. [Gr. <£eVa£ (plienax = a deceiver; suff. -ite; Ger. phenekit.) (Min.) A mineral which at one time was taken for quartz, hence its name. Crystallization, rhombohedral. Hard- ness, 7.5-8; sp. gr., 2.96-3; luster, vitreous; color- less, occasionally wine-yellow; transparent; frac- ture, like that of quartz. Compos.: silica, 54.2; glucina, 45.8 = 100. Found near Ekaterinburg, Perm, Russia; rarely at other places. Phen a kis to scope (ph6n/a-kis//to-se0pej, n. [Gr. (frevaKicrXos (phenakismos) = deceit;illusion, and (XKouioi (skopeo) ■= to see.] An instru- ment depending, like the thaumatrope and zoe- trope (q. v.), upon the persisteace of visual im- pressions on the retina, Phe ni cian (phe-ni'cian), a. and n. [See Phcenician.] Phen o ga mi a (phSn'o-ga^ml-a), n. pi. (Bot.) The same as Phanerogamia. Phil in throp in ism (phil'an-thrdp^in-ism), The principles which Basedow sought to carry out in the Philanthropin (q. v.). Phil an throp in ist (phiran-throp^in-lst^, n. A pupil in a Philanthropin; one educated on Basedow's natural system. "Philanthropinists, when they left school, were not in all respects the superiors of their fellow creatures."—B. H. Quick: Educational Reform- ers, p. 156. Notation: a, e, l, 0, a, y, long; a, 6, i, 6, ii, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ffirl, ryde, push; e\ i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz-, n as in linger, liiik; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in tne latest editions of tooth Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PHILHELLENE 591 PHYLLOSTOME Phil hel lene (phll-h&l'lene), n. [Fr. Philhel- l&ne.] A Philhellenist. Pliil hel leu ic (phll'hSl-lfcn^ie), a. Pertaining to or characteristic of Philhellenists; loving Greece or the Greeks. Phil hel len ism (phil-hSllen-lsm), n. The principles of the Philhellenists; love of Greece. k'The European Philhell-enism of sixty years ago."—Standard, Oct. 13, 1885. Phil lip pine (phillip-pine")» n. Aphilopena. Phill horse (phill'hOrse), n. [See def.] A corrupt, of Thillhorse (q. v.). Phil lit* e a (phil-lir'e-a), n. [Gr. <£iAAvpea (phillurea).] (Bot.) A genus of Oleae. Orna- mental evergreen shrubs, with oblong, serrated, opposite leaves, and axillary clusters of small, greenish-white flowers. They grow on the shores of the Mediterranean. Phi lo-, Phil- (phi-lo-, phll-), pref. [Gr. <£iAo? (philos) — loving.] Fond of, affecting, cultivating. Phil o math e mat ic (phll/o-m&th/e-m&t//le), n. A philomath. Phi los o plier (phHds'o-pher), n. Pliiloso- jther's game: An intricate game played with men of three different forms, round, triangular, and square, on a board resembling two chessboards united. Phi Ion o phy (phi-lfis'o-phy), n. Philosophy of the Garden: That which Epicurus taught to his pupils in a garden at Athens. Philosophy of the Academy: That of Plato, who instructed his fol- lowers in the Academy, a grove in Athens. Phi- lusophy of the Lyceum: The philosophy of Aris- totle, who taught in the Athenian Lyceum. Philosophy of the Porch: That of Zeno, who gave his lectures in the Athenian picture-gallery, called the painted porch. Phil ostor gy (phil/o-stOr'/g^), n. fGr. <£hAoarop- yia (philostorgia): pref. philo-, and aropyrj (storge) — natural affection]. Natural affection, as that of a mother for her child. [Ofrs.] Phi mo sis (phi-mo'sls), n. [Gr. from ! (phimos)-a muzzle.] (Pathol.) A contraction of tbe prepuce which prevents it from being drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis. Phleb-, Plileb o- (phl6b-, phleb o-), pref. [Gr. 0Ae'i|/ (phleps », genii. Ae06s (phlebos) = a vein.] Relating to, connected with, or resembling a vein or veins. Phle hi tis (phle-bl'tls), n. [Gr. from ft.V (phle-b61'o-gy), n. (Pref. phlebo-, and Gr. Aoyos '(logos) —a word, a discourse.] That branch of anatomy which relates to the veins; a treatise or discourse on the veins. Phleb or rhage. Phleb or rha gi a (phl&b'or-rhage, phlfib'or-rha'gi-a), n. [Pref. phlebo-, and Gr. payrj (rhage) = a rupture.] A rupture of a vein; venous hemorrhage.—Dungli- S Oil. Phle Uill (phlegm), n. [Gr. (f>Aea>Aeo? (phleos), kov<; (tihlous) = a marsh- or water-plant, Arundo ampelodermoni ?) Not the modern genus.] (Bot.) Cat's-tail grass; a genus of Phalarea3. One species, Phleum pratense, the Common Cat's-tail or Timothy-grass, is very common in meadows and pastures, flowering from June to October. It is an excellent fodder- grass, and is especially adapted for heavy, moist soils, being early and productive. Phlo ret ic (phlo-ret'ie), a. (Chem.) Derived from or containing phloretin. Phlor et in (phloWet-In), n. [Etym. not appa- rent.] (Chem.) A substance formed by heating a mixture of phlorizin and dilute acid together. The phloretin separates and crystallizes in small white laminae, sparingly soluble in boiling water, but easily in boiling alcohol and acetic acid. It has a saccharine taste, and its alkaline solutions absorb oxygen from the air, forming an orange- colored substance. Phlox (phlox), n. [Lat., from Gr. $Ao£ (phlox) =a flame, which the flower resembles.] (Bot. ) A genus of Polemoniaceae. They are generally perennials with salver-shaped white, blue, red, or variegated corollas, and one-seed capsular fruit. Natives of North America. Mrmy species are cultivated, Phlox Drummondi being one of the finest. Pho ca cean (pho-ea'shan), n. (Zool.) A mammal belonging to the genus Phopa. Pho cal (pho'cal), a. Relating to the seals; pho- cine. Pho ceil ic (pho-^n'ic), a. (Chem.) Noting an acid derived from phocenine. Phoe ill cian (phoe-ni shan), a. [See def.J (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Phoenicia, an ancient country on the coast of Syria. Ph(e ni cian (phce-m'shan), n. (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Phoenicia. Pho la Cle ail (pho-la de-au), n. (Zool.) An individual of the genus Phola; a mollusc. PllO las (pho'l&s), n. [Gr. wAa? (pholas) = a mollusc which makes holes in stones; Lithodo- mus(?).] (Zool. and Paleont.) Piddock; the typical genus of the Pholadidae. Animal with a large, truncated foot, body with a fan-like termi- nation. They live in symmetrical vertical bur- rows. Recent species thirty-two, from most seas; fossil twenty-five, from the Upper Lias onward. Phon-, Pho no-(phon-, pho'no-^pre/. [Gr. (f>a>vr) (phone) = the voice.] Pertaining to or con- nected with the voice. Plion al (phon'al), a. [Gr. a)urj (phonej — the voice.] Of or pertaining to the voice. "The Thibetan is near in phonal structure."— Max Milller: Selected Essays, i, 74.. Phon as cet ics (ph6n'&s-c6t//ies), n. [Gr. i0i'acos (phos), genit. payiJ.LTr)s (phragmites), as adj.=of or for a fence, growing in hedges.] (Bot.) Reed; a genus of grasses, tribe Arundinese, growing iii moist places. Phren ics (phr6n;ies), n. [Gr. ^p-qv (phren) — the mind.] That department of science per- taining to the mind; metaphysics. Plire nol o ger (phre-nol'o-ger), n. A phre- nologist. Plire nol O gy (phre-nfil'o-g^), n. (a) Affect- ive propensities:—1. Amativeness; 2. Philo- progenitiveness; 3. Inhabitiveness; 4. Ad- hesiveness; 5. Combativenes§; 6. Destruct- iveness; 7. Secretiveness; 8. Acquisitiveness;. 9. Constructiveness. (b) Sentiments: -10. Self-esteem; 11. Love of approbation; 12. Cautiousness; 13. Benevolence; 14. Venera- tion (situated on the crown, between 13 and 15); 15. Firmness: 16. Conscientiousness; 17. Hope; 18. Marvelousne s; 19. Ideality; 20. Mirthfulness (Wit); 21. Imitation; 22. Indi- viduality; 23. Configuration; 24. Size; 25. Weight and Resistance; 26. Color; 27. Local- ity; 28. Calculation; 29. Order; 30. Event- uality; 31. Time; 32. Melody; 33. Lan- guage; 34. Comparison; 35. Causality. In constructing these terms Spurzheim says: "I have employed the term -ive as indicating the quality of producing, and -ness as indicating the abstract state: I have therefore joined -ive~ ness to different roots or fundamental words Physiognomical System (1815), p. ix. Phren sied (phr6iv§ied), a. Frenzied. Phren sy(phr£n gy), a.andn. The same as Frenzy. Phren tic (phr&n'tle), a. and n. The same as Phrenctic. [O&s.] Phthi ri a SIS (thl-rl'a-sis), n. [Gr. <^>0etptacrts: (phtheiriasis), from 0eip (phtheir) — a louse.] (Pathol.) A disease produced by the attacks of a louse, Pediculus vestimenti. It consists of a pruriginous rash on the shoulders, the base of the neck, the back, the legs, and the upper part of the socket of the arm, and ultimately of the whole body. Persons are said to have died of this disease. Possibly it was the malady of which Herod Agrippa I died. (Acts xii, 23.) Phthis i ol O gy (tlz'i-oFo-jy), n. (Eng. phthisi(s); suff. -ology.] A. discourse or treatise on phthisis. Phthis ip nen mo ni a, Phthis ip neu- moil y (thiz'ip-nu-mdy/n.i-a, or nu' mon-j), n. [Eng. phTivisi(s), and pneumonici.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption. Plitlioil gom e ter (thon-gom'e-ter), n. [Gr. (f)0oyyo<; (phthonggos) = the voice, a sound, and Eng. meter.] An instrument for measuring vocal sounds. Phy le (phy'16), n. [Gr. uArj (phule).] A tribe; one of the divisions into which the ancient Athenians were divided. They were at first four in number, afterward ten. Phyl lo-, (phjd-lo-), pref. [Gr. (f>v\\oi> (phul- Ion)—a leaf.] Pertaining or relating to a leaf or leaves. Phyl lode (phjrl'lode), n. The same as Phyl- lodium. Phyl loph a ga, Phyl loph a gi (phyl- loph^-ga, phyl-loph'a-gl), n. pi. [Pref. phy Ho-. and Gr. ayeiv (phagein) = to eat.] (Entom.) (a) (Of the form Phyllophaga) A tribe of Hymenopterous Insects, sub-order Securifera. It contains the Saw flies, (b) (Of the form Phyllophagi) Latreille and Cuvier's name for a division of Lamellicorn Beetles, feeding on leaves, etc. Genera: Melolontha, Seriea, etc. Phyl loph a gan (phyl-ldph'a-gan), n. Any in- dividual of the Phyllophaga. Phyl lo so ma (phyl'lo-so^ma), n. pi. [Pref. phyll-o-, and Gr. o-w/xa (soma) = the body.] {Zool.) Formerly regarded as the typical genus of the family Phyllosomata (q. v.). Phyl lo so ma ta (ph5'l/io-so//ma-ta), n. pi. [Pref. phyllo-, and Gr. crw/otara (somata)— bodies; or p.a (soma,) = body, and Lat. fem. pi. suff. -idee.] (Zool.) Formerly considered a family of Stnmapoda, now known to be the larvae of other Crustacea. Phyl los tome (phy-l^fts-tome), n. (Zool.) Any individual of the family Phyllostomidae, and especially of the genus Phyllostoma, or vampire bat. tlI have never found blood in the stomach of , Notation: a, 6,1, 0, ti, y, long; &, 6,1, 6, u, f, short; c6re, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, tferm; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; 9 as s; gh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as 3, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; tta as in thlbe. Jpj^On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PHYLLOTACTIC 592 PIFFARO the Phyllostomes."—W. S. Dallas, in CasseWs Xat, Hist., i, 327. Phyl lo tac tie (phyl lo-t&c'tic), a. Of or re- lating to phyllotaxis (v [ Pref. p/if/to-, and Eng. lithology. ] That depart- ment of science which deals with fossil plants. Phy toil (phy'tdn), n. [Gr. $vtov (phuton).] ( Bot.) According to Gaudichaud, a rudimentary plant from which a perfect one develops; a cotyl- edon. ""The dicotyledonous embryo is composed of two leaves or two anifoliar phytons. united to- gether so as to form one axis."—Balfour: Out- lines of Botany, p. 267. Phy toil y my (phy-ttWy-my), n. The same a> Phytonomy. Phy tot o mist, (phy-trtt'o-mlst), n. One skilled in phytotomy or vegetable anatomy. Phy tot O my ( phy-t6t o-my), n. [Pref. phyto-, and Gr. to/ax) (tome) = a cutting.] Vegetable anatomy. Phyz (phyz), n. The same as Phiz. Pi a no (pi-& no), n. A pianoforte. Pi ar ist (piar-Ist), n. [For etym. see def.J (Eccl. Hist.) PL The regular clerks of the Scuole Pie (religious schools), founded at Rome by St. Joseph Calasanctius, toward the end of the sixteenth sentury, for the work of secondary education. They were sanctioned by Paul V, in 1617, as a congregation with simple vows, and became a religious order in 1621, under Gregory XV. "The Piarists appear to have never entered France or Great Britain, or any country outside the limits of Elrope."—.4ddis and Arnold: Cath. Diet., p. 661. Pi as ba, Pi as va, Pi ac a ha (pi-&s ba, pi- iis'va. pi-iic a-ba), n. [Port, piagaba. J A stout woody fiber obtained from the stalk of Attalea funifera, a native of Bahia, etc. Para piassaba: A finer fiber obtained from the stem of Leppoldinia Piassaba. Pie a tlor (pica-dor'0, n. [Sp., from pica—a pike or lance.] In Spanish bull-fights, a horse- man, armed with a lance, with which he pricks the bull, so as to maddjn and excite him for the combat, but without disabling or injuring him. Pie ard (plc'ard), n. [For etym. see def.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Adamites, founded by Picard, a native of Flanders. They were extermi- nated by Zisca, the Hussite leader. Pic ca dil ly (pic'ca-diFly), The street in London, England, known as Piccadilly, is said to take its name from an ordinary so-called near St. James, built by one Higgins, a tailor, who made most of his money by piccadillies.—Blount: Glossographia (1681), p. 495. Pie eo lo (pic co-10), n. [Ital.=small.] (ilf-Ms.) A small flute, having the same compass as the ordinary orchestral flute, but its sounds are one octave higher than the notes as they are written. Called als > an octave-flute. Pice (pi?e), n. [Hind, paisa.] A small East In- dian coin, value about Vgd. sterling, or less than a cent. It is the fourth part of an anna. Picli U run bean (pica u-run-bean), n. (Bot. and Com.) PI. The cotyledons of Nectandra Piichury, one of the Lauracese. They have the flavor of nutmegs of inferior quality; the sassa- fras-nut. Pie i die (piQ'I-dfe), n. pi. (Ornith.) Wood- peckers^ a family of Zygodactyie Picarian birds, with, according to Wallace, thirty genera and 32 ) species, almost universa ly distributed, being only absent from the Australian region beyond Celebes and Fiores. Pick (pick), v. i. 1. To choose, to make a choice, to select: as, You can pick and choose, as you like. *Z. To pilfer; to steal. "To keep my hands tram picking and stealing." —Church Catechism. Pick a nin ny, Pic ea nin ny (pic'a-nin ny, pic' cfi-nin ny), n. [Sp. pequeno nino = little iniant.] The child of a negro or mulatto. "The plaguy negroes and their piccaninnies.^ Hood: A Black Job. Pick et (piek'et), n. Inlying picket: (Mil.) A body or detachment of troops kept fully armed and ready in a camp for immediate service in case of alarm or of the appearance of an enemf. Picket-clamp: A device to hold pales while being dressed to shape. Picket-fence: A fence formed of pickets or pales. Pick et tee (plck'et-tee"), n. The same as Picotee. Pick ing (picking), n. 1. That which is picked ud or gleaned. (Used in both senses as the best or pick of anything, and the refuse of anything.) Perquisites. (Generally used of something not too-honestly obtained.) "Lawyer Jermyn had his picking out of the estate."^—George Eliot: Felix Holt (Introd.). 3. PI. Palver.zed oyster-shells, used for making walks. 4. A hard-burned brick. 5. (Cloth. Manuf.) One of the fin'shing proc- esses of cloth. It is subjected to a strong light, and all blemishes removed from its surface by tweezers. Spots which h ive escaped the action of the dye are touched with dye by a camel's-hair brush. ft. A process in which deviled wool is examined for foreign matters and impurities. 7. {Metall.) Rou'-jh sorting of ore. Pick le (pick'le), n. To have a rod in pickle for anyone: To have a beating or scolding in reserve for one. Pick le (plck'le), v. t. 1. To subject to the ac- tion of chemicals in the process of manufacture. [Pickle (1). s., II.] ?£. To give an antique appearance to; to pre- pare and make up an imitation and sell it as genuine (as the imitations of paintings made by the old masters). Pick pen ny (pick^pgn'ny), n. A miser, a skin- flint, a sharper. "Sending out and dispersing these birds of his to be his hungry pickpennies throughout. . . the empire."—H. More: Mystery of Iniquity, bk. ii, ch. ix, § 8. Pic le (pic le), n. [Etym. doubtful; perhaps a lorm of pingle.] A small piece of land sur- rounded by a hedge; an inclosure, a close. Written also pickle and pightel. [Obs. ] Pic o tee (plc'o-tee), n [Fr. picot6 = pricked, marked.] (Bot.) A br" ^y garden variety of Dianthus Caryophyllus. It is smaller than the Carnation. The margins of the petals are ser- rated; the colors principally yellow and whit© spotted. Picq et (plk'et), n. The same as Piquet. Pic rie (pic ric), a [Gr, n-t/cpos = bitter.] Hav- ing an intensely bitter taste. Pic ro (pic'ro), pref. [Picric. ] Pic ro pharmaco lite (pic ro-phar' ma-eo- lite), n. [Pref. /n'cro-, and Eng. pharmacolite.] (Mi'ii.) A mineral resembling Pharmacolite, from Riechelsdorf, Silesia. It contains, how- ever, arsenic acid, 46.97; lime, 24.65; magnesia, 3.22; oxide of cobalt, 1.0; water, 23.98 = 98.82. It is probably, a-! D ma suggests, a mixture. Pic mo phy 11, Pic ro pliyi lite (ple^ro- phyll, pic ro-phyl' lite), n. [Pref. picro-; Gr. <}>v\\ov (phullon) = a leaf; Ger. picrophyll; Sp. picrofila.) (Min.) An altered pyroxene, found at Sala, Sweden. Pic ros mine (pic-rds'mlne), n. [Pref. picr(o)-: Gr. oa/xi] (osme) = a smell.] (Min.) An or- thorhombic mineral occurring in cleavable or fibro-columnar masses. Hardness, 2.5 to 3; sp. gr., 2 66; luster, cleavage faces pearly, elsewhere vitreous; color greenish-white, dark-green, gray; streak, white, when moistened gives out a bitter argillaceous smell. Compos.; silica, 55.1; mag- nesia, 36.7; water, 8.2 = 100. Found associated with magnetite, near Pressnitz, Bohemia. Pie tor ic, Pic tor ic al (pie-tdr'ie, pic-topic- al), a. Pictorial. [Rare.] Pic tur a ble (pic tur-a-ble), a. That may be pictured or painted. Pic tu ral (plc'tu-ral), a. Pertaining or relat- ing to pictures; depicted by pictares; pictorial. [Rare. J "Horace Walpole . . . has traced the history of gardening in a pictural sense."—Scott: Prose Works, xxi, 80. Pict ur£ (plct'are), n. Syn.—See Painting. Pict u rize (pict o-rlze), v. t. To picture; to represent in or by a picture; to form into a pict- ure. Pid dling (pid'dling), a. Trivial, petty, frivo- lous, minute, paltry. "Some piddling critics . . . have found fault with the last I mentioned."—T. Hull: Genuine Letters, ii, 288. Piece (piege), n. Syn.—Piece, Distance. In common language piece is often used for distance; as, go a piece with me, meaning to go over a piece or part of the road; but this is contrary to good usage. But we can say, a piece of bread, a piece of money, a piece of work, and the like.— Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Piece brok er (pi6ge"brok er), n. One who purchases remnants of cloth to re-sell.—Sim- monds. Piece goods (piege'gobds), n. pi. Goods gener- ally sold by the piece, as cotton shirtings, long- cloths, sheetings, etc.—Simmonds. Piece (pier ammer. Pig head eel liess (plg//h6ad/ed-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being pig-headed; stupid or perverse obstinacy. Pig ment (pigment), n. A kind of highly- spiced wine, sweetened with honey.-Scott: Ivan- hoe, ch. iii. Pigmentary (pigmSnt-ar-j*), a. The same as Pigmental. Pig ment ed (pig/m6nt-ed), a. Imbued with pigment; colored. "The right valve of the oyster is always the most deeply pigmented."—Nature, Nov. 26, 1885, p. 81. Pig ment ous (pig-menfous'i, a. Pigmentary. Pig weed (pig weed), n. (Hot. ) The genus Chenopodium: goosefoot. Pike (pike), n. 1. A peak, a hill or mountain summit; generally used in compound names: as, Langdale Pikes. "They are pikes and volcanoes."—Aubrey: Wilts, p. 71. 2. A contraction of turnpike. "Consequence of vich, they retires from the world, and shuts themselves up in pikes."—Dick- ens: Pickwick, ch. xxii. Pike de vant (pike'de-v&nt"), n. [Eng. picked, and Fr. devant—ixx front.] A beard cut to a sharp point in the middle under the chin. [06s.]—Taming of a Shrew. Pi 1 age (prlage i, n. [Fr., from Lat. pilus—hn\T.~\ The coat or covering of wild beasts, consisting of hair, fur, or wool. Pi lau (pi-lau'), n. The same as Pillau. Pile (pile), n. (Elect.) (a) A series of elements thus constituted: First, a disc of copper resting below on a wooden framework, and above in con- tact with a disc of cloth moistened by acidulated water or brine; above this again a disc of zinc. As frequent a repetition of this series as is de- sired (thy disc of zinc, however, being always the highest) will constitute a more or less tall col- umn like a pile, whence the name. The first having been planned and made by Yolta, the ap- pellation generally given is Voltaic pile. (b) Any instrument or mechanism for producing Voltaic electricity, even though it do not take the form of a pile. To make one's pile: To make one's fortune. [17. S.J Pile (pile), v. t. To pile arms: (Mil.) To stack or place three rifles together in such a position that the butts rest firmly on the ground, and the muzzles are locked together obliquely; to stack arms. Pi len tlim (pl-lSn'tum), n. [Lat.] (Roman Antiq.) A light easy carriage used by the Roman ladies on great occasions. It was frequently richly decorated, and had a canopy supported by pillars, beneath which the rider was seated. Pi le op sis (p>l/le-6p//sis), n. [Gr. n-i'Aeos (pileos) =a cap, and ov//i9 (opsis) = look, appearance.] (Conch.) Bonnet-limpet; a genus of Gusteropo- dous Molluscs, family Calyptraeidse. Pil e OU8 (piFe-ous), a. [Lat. pilus=a hair]. Of or pertaining to hair; covered with hair; pilose. Pile plank (pile'pl&nk), n. (Eng.) One of a number of planks, abi ut nine inches wide, and two to four thick, having the end sharpened and driven into the ground with the edges close to- gether in hydraulic works, so as to form a coffer- dam. Pi le tus (pi-le'ttis), n. [Lat. pilum—a javelin.] (Old Arm.) An arrow used by the mediaeval archers, having a small knob on the shatt, a little below the head, to prevent its going too far into a body. Pi le us (pi'le-us), n. [Lat., from pifws=hair.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A felt cap or hat; a skull-cap worn by the Romans. "Z. (Bot.) The umbrella-like top of an Agari- cus, crowning the stipes and bearing the hynie- nium. Called also the Cap. [Illus., Pileus.] Pil fer y (pil'fer-y), n. Petty theft; pilfering. "He. . . was convicttd of pilfei~y in his office." —North: Plutarch, p. 829. Pil grim ( pil grim), a. Of or pertaining to pil- grims or pilgrimages. —Milton: P. R., iv, 42. l ily rim Fathers: (Hist.) The name given to 102 Puritans, seventy-four men and twenty-eight women, who sailed in the Mayflower from Plym- outh, oil Sept. (, 1620, to seek in America the religious liberty denied them in England. Land- ing t n Plymouth Rock, they, on Dec. 25, 1620, founded a colony, which became the germ of the New England States. Pi ll form (pi li-form), a. [Lat. pilus=&hair, and forma—form.] {Bot.) Shaped like or re- i-embling down or hairs. Pil ing (pil ing), n. 1. The act of gathering or collecting into a rile or heap. 3. (Metall.) Building up pieces of sheared or scrap iron into a pillar or faggot. 3. The act of driving piles; also a number of piles collected for use. Pil lage (pil lage), n. Syn.—Pillage, Rapine, Plunder. The idea of property taken from another contrary to his consent is included in all these terms: but the term rapine includes most violence; plunder includes removal or carrying away; pillage\ search and scrutiny after a thing. A soldier who makes a sudden incursion into an enemy's country, and carries away whatever comes within his reach, is guilty of rapine: he goes into a house full of property, and carries t.way much plunder; he enters with the rest of the army into a town, and, stripping it of every- thing that was to be found, goes away loaded with pillage.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Pil lar (pil'lar), n. From pillar to post: Hither and thither; to and fro. "Our guards, from jrillar banged to post, He kicked about till they w« re lost." Cotton,: Scarronides, p. £2. Pill ion (pil'yun), n. A priest's head-dress. Pil lor ize (piHor-lze), v. t. To place in a pillory; to pillory. "Afterwards . . . pillorized with Prynne."— Wood: Fasti Oxon., vol. i; H. Burton. Pil low (pil'lOw), n. 1. The most common variety of fustian. 2. (Mach.) (a) The rest or bearing of a gudgeon, (b) The socket of a pivot. Pillow- block: (Mach.) An iron cradle or bearing to hold the boxes or brasses which form a journal- bearing for a shaft or roller; a plumber block. Pillow-slip: A pillow case, a slip. "The prisoner was conveyed in a pillow-slip to the edge of a cliff."—Burroughs: Pepacton^ p. 213. Pill tile (pill'tlle), n. A corrugated metallic slip or earthenware plate marked with divisions, for rolling pills on, to divide them accurately. Pill wort (pill'wftrt), n. (Bot.) The genus Pilularia, pepper-grass. Pi lot (pi lot), n. The name for the cow-catcher in front of a locomotive. [17. &] Pilot-balloon: A small balloon sent up to ascertain the strength and direction of the wind. Pilot-bread: The same as Ship's-biscuit. Pilot-cloth: A heavy indigo-blue woolen cloth for overcoats and sea- men's wear. Pilot-engine: A locomotive sent in advance of a train, as a precaution, espec. where repairs are being done, or the following train is conveying some distinguished person or persons. " They got in front of a pilot-engine."—London Daily Chronicle, Sept. 25, 1885. Pirn gen et, Pirn gin it (pim/g6n-et, pim7- gin-it), n. [Etym. doubtful; second element probably the same as seen in geniting.] A little red pimple; a pimple on the nose. [O&s.J —Nares. From pimginits free Plump ladies red as Saracen's head." Newest Acad, of Compliments. Pin (pin), n. Pins and Needles: The tingling sensation wThieh attends the recovery of circula- tion in a benumbed limb. [Colloq.] Pin-cop: (Spinning) A yarn, roll-shaped like a pear, used for the weft in power-looms. Pin-drill: A drill for countersinking. Pin (pin), v. t. To swage by striking with the peen of a hammer. To pin one's faith: To fix one's trust or independence; to trust. " Those who pinned their faith for better or for worse to the pack."-—Field, April 4, 1885. Pi 11 ax (pi'nax), n. [Gr.] A table, a catalogue, a register, a list: that on which something is in- scribed, as a scheme, and the like. "Consider whereabout thou art in that old phil- osophical pinaor of the life of man."—Browne. Pin dar ie &1 (pin-d&rlc-al), a. Pindaric. "You may wonder, sir (for this seems a little too extravagant and pindarical for prose), what I mean by all this preface."—Cowley: Essays; The Garden. Pill dar ism (pin'dar-isrn), n. Imitation of Pindar. —Joh nson. Pin dar ist (pin'dar-ist), n. An imitator of Pin- dar. Pin der, Pin dar (pln'der, pin'dar), n. [A.S. pyndan=to pen up, from xmnd—a pound.] A pound-keeper; one who impounds. [Obs. J "But of his merry man, the pindar of the town." Drayton: Poly-Olbion, s. 28. Pine (pine), n. Pine-kernel: The seed of the stone-pine, Pinus Pine a, common and used for food in Mediterranean countries. Pine-marten: (Zool.) Mustela martes, distributed over Europe and Asia. The body is long and lithe, about eighteen inches, with a tail two-thirds that length; legs short, paws with five digits armed with claws; snout short, vibrissa long. Fur dark-brown, lighter on cheeks and snout; throat, and under side of neck light yellow. It is arbo- real, and frequents coniferous woods, whence its popular name. [Illus., Pine-marten.] Pine- mouse: (Zool.) Arvicola pinetorum, inhabiting the country west of the Mississippi. Pine-needle wool: Pine-woocl wool, a fibrous substance, prepared in Prussia by treating the needles of coniferous trees with a strong solution of sodic carbonate. It is used for stuffing mattresses, and for other upholstery purposes. Pine- sap: (Bot.) Monotropa Hypopitys, a plant. Pine- tree: A tree belonging to the genus Pinus; a pine. Pine-tree money: A name driven to money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth cent- ury, and so named from a figure resembling a pine-tree stamped on it. Pin er y (pin'er-y), n. A place where pine-trees grow; a pine-wood or forest, where pine logs are ^ofc out for lumber. Pin ey, Pin y (pin'ey, pin'y), a. Of or pertain- ing to pines; resembling pines; abounding in pines. "Cyprus, with her rocky mound, And Crete, with piny verdure crown'd." War ton: The Crusade. Pi ney (pl'ney), n. (Chem.) Malabar tallow. Obtained by boiling the fruit of Valeria itulica. Piney tallow has a waxy appearance, a faint agree- able odor, and is soluble in alcohol. Piney-resin: The resin of Vateria indica, obtained by incisions in the tree. It is used for varnish, for candles, etc. Piney-tree: (Bot.) Calophyllum augusti- folium, the tallow tree. Piney-varnish: A varnish prepared from piney-resin (q. v.). Pin foot ed (pin//ldot ed), a. Having the toes- or foot bordered by a membrane. Pin ie (pln'ie), a. Re ating to or derived from the pine-tree. Pinic-acid: (Chem.) An acid iso- meric with pimaric acid, extracted from colo- phony by cold alcohol of 70 per cent. Pillion (pin'yun), n. Pinion-gauge: (Watch- making) A pair of fine callipers. Pinion-spotted pug: (Entom.) Eujrithecia consignata, a British geometer moth Pinion-wire: (Metal-working) Wire formed into ihe shape and size required for the pinions of clocks and watches; it is drawn in the same manner as round wire, through plates whose holes correspond in section to tne shape of the wire. Pink (pink), v. t To dye, paint, or stain of a pink color. Pink eye (pink'eye), n. 1. A disease in horses. "A characteristic symptom of the present epi- zootic is the swelling of the eyelids and congestion of the conjunctival membrane, giving a tinge of redness to the eye. The American term 'pink- eye^ which is commonly given to the disease, in- dicates this peculiarity, which is, however, as- sociated with other symptoms."—Field, Jan. 28, 1882. 2. A small eye. Pink ing (pink'ing), n. 1. The act of piercing cutting, or stabbing. 2. (Needlework) A method of decorating dresses, trimmings for furniture, rugs, and shrouds, by rueaus of a sharp stamping instru ment. Pieces of material are cut out by it in scallops, at the edge, and other designs within the border. The stamping is of semicircular or angular form, and the extreme edge is evenly jagged or notched. Also called pouncing, l ink- ing-iron: A cutting-tool for scalloping the edge of ribbons, flouncts, paper for Cv,ffiu tr'mmings, etc. Pink salt (plnk'salt), n. (Dyeing) Ammonia combined with perchloride of tin, used in calico- printing. Pink ster (pink'ster), n. The same as Ping- ster. Pill ilia cliine (prn' ma-sheen'), n. A machine for making pins used for pinning clothing, etc. Pin na (pin na, pi. pin'nse), n. [Lat., another form ofpenna—B. feather.] 1. (J.»«£.) The part of the outer ear which projects from the side of the head. Notation: a, 6, i, 0, u, y, long; a, e, 1, 6, fi, f, short: cftre, f&r, l&st, fall, what: there, veil, terra: pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf,'food, foot; fftrl, rijdet push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; fh as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. ^ST'On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PINNA PIVOT (Bot.) PI. The primary divisions £>r seg- ments of a pinnated leaf; the leaflets. Pin iia (pin na), n. [I at., from Gr. ttIwo. \ in una ), and nivvrj (pinne) = Pinna nobilis.] I Zool. und Paleont.) A genus of Avicu idse. Shell sometimes two ieet long, equivalve, and attached ly a strong byssus spun by the animal. It is sometimes mixed With silk and woven into gloves. Pinnately (pin nate-l}-), adv. In a pinnate manner. Pill 11 at i- (pin-mlt-I-), pref. [Lat. pinnatus.] Pinnate, pi tin at e ly. Pin nat i lo bate, Pinnat i lobed (pin-nat'- i-lo bale, pin-nut l-lobed ), a. (Bot.) (a ) Having the lobes arranged pinnalely. (b) Pinnatifid, with the lobes divided to an uncertain depth.— Ih- Cundolle. Pin net ( pin net ), n. [A dimin. from Lat. pinna — a wing, j A pinnacle. j ''Blazed battlement and pin net high." Scott: Lay of the Last Minstrel, vi, '24. pin lli- (pm-nl-), pref. [ Lat. ]dnna — a wing, a leather, a fin.] Of or pertaining to a wing, feather, or fin. Pin i*y win kles, Pin nle win kles (pin ny-win kles, j^inme-win' kle§), n. pi. [Etym. doubtful.] A board with holes, into which the lingers were thrust, and pressed upon with pegs, as a species of torture. [Scotch.] "They pit us on the pinnywinkles for witches." —Scott: Bride of Lam mermoor, eh. xxiii. Pill ta do tpm-tado), n. l_Sp. = painted.] 1. ((h n/ith.) The guinea-fowl. "Z. Painted cloth, tapestry. "A room hung with pintado.'1'1—Evelyn: Diary, Dec. 20, 1665. Pill tie (pln'tl), n. 1. The hook portion of a rudder hinge which is driven into he stern post and receives the brace of the rudder. A dumb- pintle at bottom is the step of the rudder on the framing. The rudder is wood-locked above to prevent unshipping. The bolt on which a chassis oscillates in traversing. 3. A plate with projections of the nature of dowel-pins placed between the lengths which c institute an upright post. 1. A king-boit of a limber or wagon. 5. The pin on which the leaves of a hinge vibrate. Pint stoup (plnt'stoup), n. A pint pot. [Scofo/t.] Pill worm (pin wftrai) n. A worm inhabiting the intestine-; the threadworm. Pi ot (pi'ot), n. A magpie. [Scotch.] Pipe (pipe), n. Pipe-ojQice: An ancient office in the Court of Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe used to make out leases of crown lands, ac- counts of sheriffs, etc. This office was abolished by 3 and 4 William IY. [Eng.] Pipe-wrench: An implement with a movable and relatively fixed jaw, so arranged as to bite together when they are made to grip the pipe, and are revolved in a certain direction around it. Pipe lay ins (pipe-laying), n. 1. The act of lay- ing pii>es for the conveyance of gas, water, drain- age, etc. til The act of taking an underhanded way of procuring votes, or obtaining political power. [U. S.] Pip er (pip er), n. [Ichth.) Trigla lyra, a Eed Gurnard, chiefly met with on the west coast of England. It is about two feet long, and, when handled, utters a grunting noise, whence its pop- ular name. To pay the piper: [See Pay, t?.] drunk as a piper: Very drunk. [Colloq. ] Pi pette (pl-pette'j, n. Fr. dimin. of pipe — a pipe.] (Chem.') A glass tube, with a bulb near the center, used for measuring and transferring liquids. "What would . . . the chemist be without his retorts and pipetteV—-Mortimer Collins: Fight with Fortune, i, 131. Pipe wort (pipe'wttrt), n. (Bot.) The genus Eriocaulon. Jointed Pix>ewort is EriocaulQn sep- tanyulare. Pip ing (piping), n. 1. (Harness) A leather covering to a trace-chain. (Hort.) (a) A method of propagating herbaceous plants having jointed stems, such as pinks, etc., by taking slips or cuttings, having two joints, and planting them under glass, (b) A cutting or slip from a pink and the like. 3. (Needlework.) A border formed on any material of dress or furniture, by means of the introduction into it of a piece of bobbin, for the purpose of giving an appearance of greater fin- is£, or of adding to its strength. Pip it (plp'It), n. [Etym. doubtful, probably from the cry of the bird, cf. Peewit.] (Ornith.) One of the genus Anthus, a bird of small size. Pip sis se wa (pip-sis se-wa), n. [N. Amer. Indian.] (Bot.) l\.e same as Pbince's-Pine. 4Tn like manner one learns where to look for arbutus, for pipsissewa^ for the early orchis."— Burroughs: Pepacton, p. 262. Pique (pek), n. Syn.—See Grudge. Pi ra sua (pi-r&'gua), n. A pirogue. Pi ram e ter (pi-r&m'e-ter), n. The same as Peiramf.ter. Pi rat ic (pl-r&t'Ic), a. Piratical. [Rare.] Pil'l rplrl), v. t. [Gael. pi-ridh =a top, a whirligig.] I. T>> spin as a top. l£. To twist or twine, as in forming horse- hair into fishing lines; to wind wire of gold or silver. Pirn (pirn), n. [Gael.] 1. A bobbin; a quill bobbin in a weaver's shuttle. [Scotch.] Yarn wound on a shuttle. 3. The wheel of a fishing-rod. 4. A stick with a loop of cord for twisting on the nose of a refractory horse. Pi sail (pi'gan), a. and n. (Geoy.) Relating to, or oue of, the inhabitants of Pisa, in Italy. Pis as plial turn (pis/as-phar,/tum), n. Pisas- phalt. Pis ci cul ture (pisY;I-efir'/ture), n. [Lat. piscis = a fish, and Eng. cxdture.] Fish culture; the breeding, rearing, preserving, and fattening of fish by artificial means. Pis ci cul tur ist (pis'g'i-eul^tti-rist), n. One who practices or is skilled in pisciculture; a breeder of fish. "The ye;irly wages of a skilled pisciculturist.'''1 —Field, Dec. 6, 1884. Pis ci form (pis^l-fSrm), a. [Lat. piscis — a fish, and forma, — form, shape.] Having the form or shape of a fish. Pis ci 11a (pis-91'na pis'51-na), n. [Lat. = a fish- pond, a cistern; piscis — a fish.] I. (Rom. Antiq.) A large water-basin in an open, public place, in which the youths of Rome learned to swim. (Eccles. Arch.) The stone basin used in the Catholic church-service to receive the water aft- er it has been used by the priest in washing : not properly burned from its be- ing on the outside of a kiln. Piace loss ijilaye less j, a. Without a place or office. 1*3a 1 i form (platen ti-form'i, a. Thick, r >und and concave both on the upper and the lower surfaces, as the root of Cyclamen. Place proud iplace proud (, a. Proud of the position or post held. 1*1 a cer i pla-th&re j, n. ( Mining.) A deposit of v luable mineral, found in particles in alluvium or diluvium, or beds of streams, etc. Gold, tin ore, chromic iron, iron ore, and precious stones are found in i lacers. By the United States Re- vised Statutes all dei>osits not classed as veins of ro<-k in plare are considered pla-ers. ''Copper mining became as prolific as the fa- mous placer diggings in California."—Field, Jan. % 188f>. Pl.tc rta ( phi? Ma\ n. pi. [See Placitum] 1*1 ac i til 111 ( play, i-liirn. pi. play i-ta), )i. [Lat.] I. An assembly of all degrees of men, pre-ided over by the sovereign, to consult upon important affairs of the kingdom. !i. A plea, pleading, or debate and trial at law. .1*1 ac O (plilc-o), pref. . [ Gr. 7rAaf (plax), genit. 7r A a/cos (pinkos} — any thing flat and broad.] Flat and broad. JPI ac o derm (pklc'o-derm), n. [Placoderm- ata.] (Paleon.) An individual member of the Placodermata. Plae « der ilia ta (piac'o-dfer"iua-ta), n. ill. [Pref. plavo-i an i Gr. 8epp.a (derma)= skin. ] ( Poleont. ) A sab-order of Ganoidei. The head and pectoral region encased in great bony sculp- tured plates, with dots of enamel; the remainder of the body naked or with ganoid scales; skeleton not ochordal. —-Gun tit er. Plac oid (plae oldOf or belonging to the oder Placoidians. Pla gal (pla'gal), a. Plagal-cadence: (Mus.) The cadence formed when u subdominant chord immediately precedes the final tonic chord. Pla gi-, 1*1 a gi o- (pla'gi-, pla'gt-o-), pref. [Gr. TrAa-yco? (plagios) — slanting, oblique.] Ob- lique; the meaning complet ed by the second ele- ment. Pla gi lie dral (i>ia gf-he' dral), a. [Lat,. plagi-, and Gr. eSpa (hedra) — a base, a side] (Cry stall.) Having oblique sides. Pla gi o- (pla'gt-o-), pref. [Plagi-.] Pla gi O Stome (pla'gi-o-stome), n. Any indi- vidual member of the sub-order Plagiostomata, which contains the shark and ray. •Plague (plague), n. Plague-mark: The same as Plague-spot, (a) (q. v.). Plague-sore: A sore resulting from the plague. Plague-spot: (a) A mark or spot of the plague or any foul disease; si deadly mark or sign, (b) A pestilential spot or place. PIaikes. Pla ni pen nate (pia'ni-pen^nate), n. [Lat. planus—flat, and penna—a feather, a wing.^ (Entom.) One of a sub-order of Neuropterous Insects, having flat wings. The fore and hind pair are similar, the hind ones not broader than the others. Larvae rarely aquatic. 1*1 a ni pet a lous (pla/ni-p6t//a-lotis), a. [Pref. plani-, and E ig. petalous.\ (Bot.) Having flat petals or leaves; flat, leaved, planifolious. Plan isli er (pl&n Ish-er), n. One who or that which pla.nshes; specif., a thin flat-ended tool, used by turners for smoothing brasswork. Plan i splier i© (pian^-sphSr^ic), a. Of or re- lating to a planisphere. Plank (plank ), v. t. 1. To lay down, as on a table; to table, to pay out. (Applied to money.) [U. S.] "Mr. Power would plank it down and did."— Field, Dec. 2o, 1885. ?5. (Hut making) To harden by felting* Said of hat-bodies after forming. (Spinning) To unite slivers of wood in forming roving. Plank road, PJank way (plank'road, plank - way ), n. A road of tranverse planking laid on longitudinal sleepers. | U. S.] Plant (plant), n. Apian, a dodge, a swindle, a trick; a planned theft or robbery. [Slang.) "I was away from London a week and more, my dear, on a plant.'1'1—Dickens: Oliver Twist, ch. xxxix In this sense, Mr. A. S. Palmer considers the word to be the O. Fr. plant — a plan. Plan tar (plan tar\ a. [ Lat. plantaris, from planta=\\\<3 sole of the foot.] (Anat.) Of or relating to the sole of the foot: as, the plantar muscle. Plant ©lit ter (plant7'cut'ter), n. (Ornith.) Any bird of the genus Phytotoma, or the genus itself. Plant less (p^unfc'ldss), a. Destitute of plants or vegetation; barren. Plan to© ra cy (pl&n-tfte'ra-sy), n. [Eng. plant (er), and Gr. Kparew (krated)—to rule.] 1. Government or rule by planters. 2. The body of planters collectively. PI ail x ty (r»ianx'ty), n. [Cf. Lat. plango=to lament.] (Mus.) A melody, so called by Irish and Welsh harpers. They were not always of the doleful character their name would seem to imply. Also called a Lament. Plash, (p'/ash), n. Ajplash or dash of witer. Plasli oot (phish'oot), n. A fence made of branches of trees intertwined. "Every plashoot [serves] for spingles to catch them."—Careiv: Sur vey of Cornwall. Plas ma (plasma), n. 1. (Biol.) See Pro- toplasm. Si. (Anat.) The fluid part of the blood in which the red corpuscles float. Called also Liquor sanguinis. In l,0u0 parts of blood there are of corpuscles 326.2, of plasma 670.8., There is plasma of lymph, and of chyle. Plas mat i©, Plas mat i© al (pi&s-m&t ic, pias-mat Lc-al), a'. [Gr. rjAaar/xart/co? (plas mat ikos), from TrAao-ju-a (plasma) = a plasm.] (Physiol.) Belonging or pertaining to plasma; having the nature of plasma. Plastic (i>l&s 'tie), a. Belonging or relating to modeling or molding; formed by, or appearing to be formed by modeling or molding. Plas- tic-art: Sculpture, as distinguished from the graphic arts. Plastic-force: (a) (Science) A. hypothetical force to which fossil shells were at- tributed in Italy in the sixteenth century. Fra- costoro strongly opposed this view.—Lyell: Prin. Geol., ch. iii. (b). (Med.) The formative power possessed by organized bodies.—Dunglison. Plas ti© al (p as'tie-al), a. Plastic. Plas tron (pias^rdn), n. [Fr.] 1. (Comp. Anat.) The under part of the buckler of the Chelonians. It is formed by skin or membrane- bones, and usually consists of nine pieces, more or less developed. 2. (Dress) A trimming for the front of a dress, of a different material, usually sewn about half-way down the neam on the shoulder,and nar- rowing as it descends across the chest to the waist. It is made full. "A cuirass bodice with a plastron of the same embroidery."—London Daily Telegraph, Nov. 3, 1885. Plat a nist (pl&t;a-nist), n. [Lat., from Gr. Trka.Ta.vier for taking impressions of engrav- ings; copperplate-paper. Plate-printer: One who prints impressions from engraved plates. Plate-printing: The act or art of printing from engraved pla es. Plate-printing machine: A ma- chine for printing from plates or cylinders engraveoin intaglio. Plate-wheel: A wheel with- out arms; a wheel in which the rim and hub are connect ed by a plate or web. Plate I'ul (plate ful), n. As much as a plate will hold. Plat er esque (piat'er-esk')• «• [Sp. iyla- teresco, from plata—silver.] A term used to de- scribe architectural enrichments resemb.ing sil- ver work. Pla tin ic (pla-tln'Ie), n. Belonging or pertain- ing to platinum. Plat ill ize (piat'ln-ize), v. t. To coat with platinum; to deposit a thin film or coating of platinum on. Plat in o (piatl-no), pref. [Platinum.] Per- taining to or derived from platinum. Plat ill ode (piat'ln-ode), n. [Pref. platin(o)~, and Gr. o80s ihodos) —a road, a way.] (Elect.] The cathode or negative pole of a galvanic bat- tery. Plat in oicl (piat'in-oid), a. [Eng. platin(um); suff. -oid.'\ (Min., Chem., etc.) Like platinum. Used of certain metals. Plat ill ous (plat in-oGs), a. Resembling or consisting of platinum; of the nature of plati- num. Pla tom e ter (pla-tom'e-ter), n. [Pref. plato-, and Eng. meter.] An instrument for measuring areas on plans by mechanism. It was invented by John Lang of Kirkcaldy, December 24, 1851. Plat ur lis (piat-ur'tis), n. . [Pref. plat-, and Gr. ovpd (oura) — a tail.] (Zool.) A genus of Hy- drophidse, or sea-serpents, with two species, ranging from the Bay of Bengal to New Guinea and New Zealand. Plat y- (plat-y-), pref. [Gr. trXarvs (platus) = flat.] Flat or broad. PI at y eepli a lous (piat'5r-geph//a-lous), a. [Gr.7rAttru4 counted in all fourteen, while a powerful telescope will reveal the existence of 625. Alcyone, the brightest star in the constella- tion, is supposed to be the central point around which all the rest of the stars are revolving. [Illus., Pleiades.] Plei o cene (plei'o-^ene), a. The same as Pliocene. Plei o sau rus (plelo-sau'Tus), n. See Plio- saubus. Pleis to (plels'to-), pref. [Gr. 7rAetlowfrom weeds or earth; a pettle. (b) A plow-handle. 1'lotv-wright: A mechanic who makes and repairs plows, etc. Ploy (ploy ), v. i. To pass from a line of battle, and form into a column on some designated sub- division. ri uek (piiick i, v. t. To reject, as a candidate in an examination for decrees, etc., as not coming up to the required standard. [Eng Universities.} k'IIe went to college, and he got plucked."—C. Bronte: June Eyre, ch. x. Pluck i ly (pluck i-lj*J, adv. In a plucky or courageous manner; with pluck or spirit. uThe two constables who behaved so pluckily.11 —Echo, Sept. 8, 1885. Pluek i ness (pluek'i-ntVs), n. The state or quality of being jjlucky; courage. PI lilt* (pluff), n. [Pluff, r.] 1. A puff, as of smoke; a small quantity of gunpowder set on fire. [Scotch. ] A hair-dresser's powder-puff. [Scotch."] Plug (plug), n. 1. A plug-hat; a beaver. [Cnlloq.] ?£. As much tobacco as is put into the mouth at a time to chew; a quid of tobacco. [Eng.] "In bottling wine, fill your mouth full of corks, together with*a large plug of tobacco."—Swift: Instructions to Servants. 3. A flat, oblong cake of tobacco, pressed hard, and moistened with molasses. [U. £.]— Bartlett. "These manufactures are chiefly plug and twist tobacco."—Scrtoner's Magazine, July, 1877, p. 309. 4. (Build.) A block of wood let into a wall of brick or masonry, to afford a hold for nails in fixing the interior finishing. 5. (Dentistry) Filling for a carious tooth. Plug-hat: A tall hat; a beaver or silk hat. f Col- ■ fog., V. S.j Plug-rod: (Steam-eng.) (a) A rod attached to the working-beam of a condens- ing-engine for the purpose of driving the work- ing gear of the valves. Sometimes called the plug-tree. (b) The air-pump rod. Plu mas sary (plu-m&s'sa-ryX n. [Fr. plu- masserie.] A collection of ornamental feathers formed into a plume. Plu ma* si er (plu-m&s^I-aO, n. [Fr.] One who prepares or deals in plumes or feathers for ornamental purposes. PI limit ing (pltim'Ing), n. 1. The lead piping and other apparatus for the conveyance of water or gas throughout a building. The act of sounding or ascertaining the depth of anything: as, of water. is. (Min.) The act or process of sounding or searching among mines. Plum er y (plvim'er-y)i n. Plumes collectively; a mass of plumes plumage. "The bird of gorgeous plumery." Southey: Kehama, x, 20. Plu mo site (plo'mo-slte), n. [Lat. plumos(us) = with feathers; *uff. -ite.] (Min. ) A capillary variety of Jamesonite. It was formerly regarded as a distinct species. Pill uiu lose (plu'mtl-lose), a. Covered with hairs which spread out like the parts of a feather. Plun der (plun'der), n. (Reverting to the orig- inal meaning of the Ger. plunder.) Personal baggage or luggage; goods, effects. (This use of the word is now confined to the United States.) Plun ger (plun'ger), n. Plunger-pole: (Pump- ing) A long solid cylinder employed as a piston in a force-pump. Plun ging (plun'gtag), pr. p. a. Plunging-bath: A pluuge-bat.il. Plunging-battery: (Elect.) A battery so arranged that the plates may be readily lowered into their cells, or raised therefrom when not required for use. Plu ral ism (pliVral-ism), n. 1. The quality or state of being plural; plurality. (Eccl.) The state or condition of a pluralist; the state or system of holding more benefices or livings than one. [Eng.] "The remarkable pluralisms among the clergy." Athenaeum, Oct. 4, 1884. Plu ral ix er (phV'ral-lz'er), n. (Eccl.) A plu- ralist.—Goodrich and Porter. Pill ri- (pliVri-), pref. [Lat. phis, genit. pluris— more.] Pertaining or relating to more than one, or to many; having a plurality. Plu ri es (plu'ri-eg), n. QSee def.] (Law) A writ which issues in the third instance, after the first and the alias have been ineffectual; so called from the word pluries (=often), which occurs in the first clause. Plu ri far i ous (plt^rl-far^I-otis), a. [Lat. plurifarius.] Having many kinds or fashions; multifarious. Plu ri loo u lar (pliVrl-lrtc'-'a-lnr), a. [Pref. pluri-, and Eng. locular.] (Bot.) Having two or more loculamenta; multilocular. Plu ri pres enee (pla ri-pr£§"enpe), n. [Pref. pluri-, and Eng. presence.] The state of being present in more places than one. [Bare.] '^Unsound opinions about the . . . pluri- presence of saints."—Macau lay: Hist. Eng., ch. iv. PI us quam per feet (plus'quam-per f6et), a. The same as Pluperfect. [Rare.] Plu vi om e ter (plu/vi-6m//e-ter), n. [Lat. pluvia.=Tam, and Eng. meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall in a par- ticular climate or place; a rain-gauge. Plu vi o met rie al (phYvi-o-m^t/Vie-al), a. [Pluviometer."] Belonging or relating to a plu- viometer; ascertained or determined by a plu- viometer. Plyiit outli (plym'ortth), n. [See def.] (Geog.) A seaport town and naval station at the mouth of the river Plym in Devonshire, England. Plym- outh-cloak: A cudgel. [S/ttHfli.] Plymouth-lime- stone: (Geol.) A limestone of Middle Devonian age, occurring at Plymouth, Torquay, and Ilfra- comb. It is largely formed of corals. Pneu ma-, Piieumato- (pnea ma-, pneu - ma-to-), pref. [Gr. irvevixa (pneuma), genit. ttvcv- fia.ros (pneumatos) —wind, air; nviu> (pned) = to blow, to breathe.] Pertaining to or connected with the air, breath, or gases Pneu ma torn e ter fpneiV ma-Wm^e-ter), n. [Pref. pneumato-, and Eng. meter.] An instru- ment for measuring the amount of air exhaled at one exniration. Pneu mo- (pneft'mo-), pref. [Gr. irvev/xoiv (pne-u- mon ) — a lung.] Pertaining to, or connected with, the lungs. Pneu 1110 gas trie (pnefl'mo-g&s^trlc), a. [Pref. pneumo, and Eng. gastric.] (Anat.) Belating to the lungs and stomach. Pncumogastric-nerve: (Anat. ) A nerve called also par vagum, Avhich, proceeding from the neck to the upper part of the abdomen, supplies branches to the pharynx, the esophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, and respir- atory passages. Pneu mog ra pliy (pneiVmdgK'ra-phy), n. [Pref. pneumo-, and Gr. -ypa^o) (grupho) = to write.] (Anat.) A description of the lungs.— Dungtison. Pneu inol Ogy (pnett-mdl'o-gy)* n. [Pref. pneu- mo-, and Gr. Aoyos (logos)=a discourse.] (Anat.) Pneumography (q. v.). Pneu mom e ter (pnefi-mrtm'e-ter), n. [Pref. pneumo-, and Eng. meter.] The same as Pneu- matometer. Pni ga li on (pni-ga'li-dn,) n. [Gr., from trvLyo} (pnigo) = to choke.] (Med.) An incubus; a nightmare. Pnyx (nix), n. [Gr. nvvi- (pnux).] (Gr. Antiq.) The place of public assembly at Athens, especial- ly during elections. It was situated on a low hill, sloping down to the north, at the western verge of the city, and at a quarter of a mile to the west of the Acropoplis. Poak, Poake (peak, poake), n. [Etym. doubt- ful.] Refuse matter from the preparation of skins, composed of hair, lime, oil, etc. Po can-busli (po ctln-bush), n. (Bot.) "t' ic- la cca-decandra; poke. Pock et (pock et), n. 1. A receptacle rom which coal, ore, or waste is loaded into wagons. [U.S.] "The thunder of the ore as it runs from the pockets into the holds of the vessels below." —Harpers Monthly, May, 1882, p. 896. 14. (Veg. Pathol.) A malformation produced in a plum by the plum disease (q. v.). Called also the pod. Pocket-knife: A knife with one or more blades, which shut up within the handle, for carrying in the pocket. Pocket-piece: A piece of money which is always kept in the pocket and not spent. Pocket-pistol: (a) A pistol for carrying in the pocket, (b) A small flask for liquor carried in the pocket. [Colloq.] "He swigged his pocket-pistol."—Naylor: Rey- nard the Fox, p. 42. Pocket-sheriff: A sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the sovereign, and not one of the three nominated in the Exchequer. [Eng.] Pod-, Pocio- (pfid-, ptfd'o-), pref. [Gr. ttovs (pous)y genit. 7roSos (podos)=a foot.] Belong- ing to, connected with, or situated on or near the foot. Pod a gra (pdd'a-gra), n. [Pref. pod-, and Gr. ay pa (agra) = a seizure.] (Med.) Gout in the foot. Po dol o gy (po-ddl'o-g^), n. [Pref. podo-, and Gr. Aoyos (logos) = a word, a discourse,] (Anat.) A treatise on or description of the foot. Pod opli thai mic (pdd'tfph-th&l^mle), a. [Podophthalmata.] [Zool.) Pertaining, to or resembling crustaceans of the division Podoph- thalmata. Pod o seaph (ptfd'o-scftph), n. [Pref. podo-, and Gr. cr/ca^o? (skaphos) — a boat.] A kind of appa- ratus like a small boat, attached one to each foot, and used to support the body erect in the water. Pod o seapli er (pod 'o-seaph er), n. One wh« uses podoscaphs. Po e l>ird (po e-bird), n. (Ornith.) Prosthema- dera novoi-zeelandue (or circinnata), called also Tui. It is about the size of a large blackbird, with dark metallic plumage becoming black in certain lights, and with a bronze reflection in others. There is a patch of pure white on the shoulders, and from each side of the neck de- pends a tuft of snowy, curly, downy feathers, bearing a distant resemblance to a clergyman's bands. It is feund in New Zealand.—Buller: Birds of New Zealand. Po e ma tie (po'e-mat^lc), a. Gr. ironq/xaTiKog (poiematikos).] Pertaining or relating to poems or poetry; poetical.—Coleridge. Pu=pooh.] An excla- mation of contempt equivalent to pish, pooh, pshaw. Po ha gen (po-ha'gen), n. The same as Pauha- gen. Poine taut (poine'tant), a. Poignant. [Rare Poind er (poind'er), n. One who distrains; the keeper of a pound; a pinder or pinner. [Sfcofc/i.] "The poinder chafes and swears to see beasts in the corn."—Adams: Works, i, 163. Point (point), n. 1. (Knitting-mach.) Beard- less needles; also known as shifters (q. v.). 2. (Lacrosse) The first man out from goal; cover-point stands in front of him. 3. (Mach.) Position in relation to power or accessory portions* as, the dead point of a crank; the fixed point on which a body moves. 4. (Print.) One of the pins placed on the tympan of a press or feed-board of a machine to perforate the sheet at the time of the first print- ing, to secure a register when the sheet is turned. 5. (Rail-eng.) PI. The switch or movable guide-rails at junctions or stations. [Eng.] "After the signal was lowered, the points could not be altered."—Rapier: Railway Signals, p. 24. (k (Whist.) PI. The wagering or winning periods of the game. *7. (Naut.) One of the thirty-two points of division of the card in the mariner's compass. The angular space between two consecutive points is 11^ 15', and each space is subdivided into half and quarter points. [Cardinal Points.] At all points: In every particular; completely, perfectly.— Shakesp.: RichardII, i, 3. At point: (a) On the point, about. "You are at point to lose your liberties." Shakesp.: Coriolanus, iii, 1. (b) Completely, at all points. "Armed at point exactly; cap-a-pie." Shakesp.: Hamlet, i, 2. Point of sight: The point whence the pic- ture is viewed, the principal vanishing point, because all horizontal rays that are parallel to the middle visual ray will vanish in that point. The point at which, if the eye be placed, the picture will represent the same appearance as the object itself would were the picture removed. This is sometimes called the point of view. Ob- jective point: A point on a geometrical plane whose representation is required on the perspect- ive plane. Vanishing pofyit: The point to which all parallel lines in the same plane tend in the representation. Point, v. i. 1. To indicate the presence of game, by pointing the nose in its direction, as a sporting dog does. "Now the warm scent assures the covey near He treads with caution and he points with fear." ' Gray: Rural Sports, ii. (Surg.) To come to a point or head. (Said of an abscess when it approaches the sur- faC3 and is about to burst.) Point blank (point-blank'), n. 1. The white mark or blank on a target at which an arrow, bullet, etc. is aimed. [Ofrs.] J£. The point in which the line of sight crosses the path of a projectile. Point er (pointer), n. 1. A hint or secret in- formation as to the course to be followed, es- pecially in speculating on the stock-exchange; a tip. [Slang, 17. &.] Notation: a, 6,1, 0, Q, y, long; a, 6,1, 6. ti, f, short; care, fftr, last, fall, what; thftre, veil, term; pique, firm; ddne, fdr, do, wolf, fo&d, foot; fftrl, rgde, push; e, i, o, silent; c as s: ch as sh: c. ch. as k: s as i. s as in get: s as z: x as gz: o as in linger, link; tfa as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. 73POINTLACE 598 POLITE 2. (Astron.) PL Two stars, Merak and Dubhe, in Ursa Major, so called because they point to the pole, i. e., a line joining them and produced will nearly stride the polar star. "As well might the pole star be called incon- stant because it is sometimes to the east and sometimes to the west of ihe pointers."—Mac- aulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xxi. 3. (Bricklaying. ) A tool for clearing out to the required depth the old mortar between the courses of bricks in a wall, to be replaced by a fresh body of mortar. 4. i Xnut.) One of the pieces of timber fixed fore-and-aft and diagonally inside of a vessel's run or quarter, to connect the stern-frame with her after-body. Also called a snake-piece. (Navig.) A graduated circle, with one fixed and two adjustable radial legs. By placing them at two adjoining angles taken by a sextant between three known objects, the position of the observer is fixed on the chart. O. {Bail.-eng.) The adjusting lever of a switch. Point lace (point'la^e), n. Lace worked by the needle, as point dSAlengon, point d"1 aiguille; also applied to lace worked by bobbins, and even to a cheaper imitation fabric made by machinery. Point let ed (point'let-ed), a. (Bot.) Fur- nished with a small distinct point; apiculate. Points mail (points man), n. A man in charge of the x^oints or switches on a railway. [Eng.] "A pointsman, standing all ready, opened the switches."—Rapier: Railway Signals, p. 39. Poi soil (j)oi §on), n. Poison-berry: (Bot.) A West Indian name for Oestrum. Poison-bulb: (Bot.) (a) Buphane toxicaria, a Srmth African plant, fatal to cattle. (b) Crinum asiaticum. Poison-fangs: Two long, conical, curved fangs, one on each maxilla in the Thanatophidia (q. v.). The poison fang of the spider is the second joint of each mandible, or modified antenna, shaped into a perforated sting. Poison- gland: A gland, probably a modification of one of the buccal salivary glands, situated behind and under each eye in the poisonous snakes, and rendering their bite dan- gerous or fatal. Poison-ivy: See Poison-Oak. Poison-nut: (Bot.) Strychnos Nux-vomica. Poison-oak, poison-ivy: (Bot.) Rhus Toxico- dendron. Poison-sumach, poison-elder: (Bot.) Rhus venenata, a tall North American shrub, with pinnate leaves, with eleven to thirteen leaflets. Called also poison-wood. Syn.—Poison, Venom. Poison is general, but commonly denotes what is received into the sys- tem as such by the mouth or the respiratory organs, as hemlock or noxious gas. Venom, what is discharged from animals, and received exter- nally, as in the bite or sting of the serpent or the scorpion. The metaphorical uses of the terms correspond to this distinction. The instillation of false principles into the mind is poisonous. The shafts of malice are venomous. Poi trine (poi'trine), n. [Fr., from Latin pectus, genit.pectoris — the breast.] (Anc. Armor) (a) The breast-armor of a knight, (b) The over- lapping scales or metal sheets which covered the breast of a warhorse. Pokal (DO-kal0, n. [Ger., from Lat. poculum = a cup. ^ A kind of tall drinking-vessel. Poke (poke), n. 1. An old form of sleeve, shaped like a bag or pouch. 2. Stolen property. [Slang, Eng.'] 3. A haycock. [Prov. Eng.] "He was glad to say the poke had been got away."—London Daily Telegraph, Jan. 1, 1886. Poke (poke), v. t. To poke fun: To make fun; to joke; to indulge in ridicule. [Colloq.] To poke fun at a person: To ridicule or make a butt of one; to chaff one. [Colloq.] "Poking y our fun at us plain-dealing folks." Barham: Ingoldsby Legends. To poke one's nose into things: See Nose, n. Poke (poke), n. 1. The act of poking; a gentle thrust; a jog, a nudge, a push. 2. A lazy lout; a loafer; a stupid fellow; a dawdler. [17. dance, that is the 'half' dance."—Stainer and Barret: Diet, of Music. Polka-jacket: A knitted jacket worn by women. Poll (poll), v. t. To poll a jury: To question each member of a jury individually as to whether he concurs in the verdict. Poll (p<5ll), n. [A contract, of Polly tor Mary.] A familiar name for a parrot. Poll (p611), n. [Etym. doubtful; by some referred to Gr. (oi) ttoAAoi {hoi) polloi=(the) many, (the) rabble: by others to poll, as though the poll- men were only counted by the heads, not regis- tered individually.] At Cambridge University, England, a student who takes a pass degree or one without honors; a passman. Poll «M*e (poll age), n. A poll-tax; extortion, robbery. [06s.] " Deliuering of our realme from his greuous bondage and pollage."—Fox: Martyrs, r>. 090. Poll book (poll book), n. A register of persons entitled to vote at an election. Poll-clerli (poll-clerk), n. A polling clerk; one who registers the name of each voter at an election when he casts his vote. Pol lew (pollen), n. Pollen mass: (Bot.) The grains of plant pollen united in a mass, ks in the milkweed. Pollen tube: (Bot.) A delicate tub- ular process sent out from one of the pores or slits on that portion of the pollen which falls upon the stigma. The tube thus formed, contin- ally elongating, makes its way down the style and along the conducting tissue to the ovules, which it fertilizes. Pol liii ose (pol'lin-oseO, a. {Bot.) Covered with a fine dust resembling pollen. Pol lux (pOl lux), n. (Min.) An isometric min- eral, occurring with Castorite in the granite of the island of Elba. Po lo liaise, Po lo nese (po-lo-naise", po'lo- n6§e; ), n. [Fr.=Polish.] 1. The Polish lan- guage. (1/its.) The same as Polacca. Po lo ny (po lo ny), n. [A corrupt, of Bologna, which city was famous for its sausages.] A kind of sausage made of partly-cooked pork. Pol ron (pol ron), n. The same as Powldron. Pol tin (pOl'tin), n. A silver coin of Prussia equivalent to Is. 7d. sterling, or about 0.38. Pol troon ish (pOl-troon'ish), a. Resembling a poltroon; cowardly, dastardly, contemptible. Pol y a cous tic (pol'y-a-cous^tic), n. [Pref. poly-, and Eng. acoustic.'] An instrument for multiplying and increasing sound. Poly a cous tics (pol'y-a-eous^ties), n. [Poly- acoustic. T The art or act of multiplying or in- creasing sound. Pol y arcli ist (pOFt-arch'ist), n. One who advocates or supports the system of polyarchy. "Plato was no polyarchist, but a monarchist."— Cudworth: Intell. System,, p. 403. Pol y bas ic (pOl'y-bas^ie), a. [Pref. polyand . Eng. basic.2 (Chem.) A term applied to acids in which two or more atoms of hydrogen can be displaced by metals when presented to them in the form of hydrates. Pol y car pon (pOl^-ear^pdn), n. [Neut. of Gr. iro\vKapirog (polukarpos) —rich in fruit, fruit- ful: Gr. 7roAu=much, and Gr. Kapiros (karpos) = fruit.] (Bot. ) All-seed; a genus of Illecabracese (Lindley), of Caryophyllese (Sir Joseph Hooker ). Annual herbs, with whorled leaves and scarious stipules; capsule three-valved, with many seeds. Pol y choe ran y (pOVy-ehce^ran-y), n. [Gr. Tro\vKoipavLYi (polukoiranie), from vrpkvicoCpavos (polukoiranos) -- wide-ruling : 7roAu? (polus) — many, and Koipavos (koiranus) = a ruler.] A government or rule of many chiefs and princes. [.Rare and 06s.] "The world would be a polychcerany or aristoc- racy of Gods."—Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 411. Pol y Chord (pol^-ehdrd), n. [Pref. poly-, and Eng. chord.] (Mus.) (a) An ancient instru- ment with ten strings, resembling the double bass without a neck, (b) An octave coupler. Pol y cliro ism (pOly-ehrO-i§m), n. [Pref. poly-, and xpoi? Ichros) = color.] (Crystallog.) The s me as Pleochroism. Pol y chi'O mat ic (p01/y-ehr0-m&t//ic), a. [Pref. poly-, and Eng. chromatic.] Polycliro- matic-avid. (Chem.) An acid formed by treat- ing aloes with nitric acid. Pol y cliro ni ©us (p<*>1 y-ehrO^ni-ofis), a. (Pref. poly-, and Gr. xP°V0<> (chronos) =time.] Lasting for a long time; chronic. [Rare.] Pol y con ic (pol/5r-c6n//ie), a. [Pref. poly-, and Eng. conic (q. v.).] Relating to, or consisting of, or founded upon, many cones. Polyconic- projection: A projection or development of the earth's surface, or of a portion of it, which sup- poses each parallel of latitude to be represented on a plane by the development of a cone having the parallel for its base, and its vertex in the point where a tangent at the parallel intersects the earth's axis. This projection differs from the conic in supposing a different cone for each parallel, while the latter assumes but one cone for the whole map.— Webster. Pol yc ra cy (pol-ycra-^y), n. [Gr rroXvs (polus) = many, and /cparew (krateo)=to rule.] Govern- ment or rule by many; polyarchy. Pol y cys ti iia (pol y-^ys-ti/;na), n. pi. [Pref. polyand Gr. kvo-tis (kustis) = a bladder.] (Zool.) A sub-order of Radiolaria, placed by Wallich in his Herpnemata. They are low in the scale of Radiolaria. They have a siliceous skele- ton, generally globular, variously trellised, and composed of two or three basket balls, supported or separated by few or many radiating spicules commencing from a central base or omphalo- style. The Polycystina are microscopic and marine. Pol y cys tine (pOl y-cys^tine), n. [Polycys- tina.] Any individual of the Poiycystiua (q. v.). Pol y dip sia (poTy-dip Vi-a), n. [Gr. 7roAv8iipio<; (poludijisios) = very thirsty; iroXvs (polus) = much, and Sup a (dipsa) — thirst.] (Pathol.) In- satiable thirst induced by disease. Pol y em bry o mite. Pol y em bry on ic (pol y-fim' bry-o-nate, p01y-6m bry-On ^c), a. [Pref. poly-, and Eng. embryonate, embryonic.] [Bot.] Formed of, or having numerous embryos. Pol y em hry oil y (pol'y-Sm-bry^on-y), n. [Pref.poi?/-; Gr. ep-fipvov (embruon) —an embryo.] (Bot.) The development within the testa of the seed of more than one embryo. It occurs not unfrequently in the orange and the hazel nut, and is very common in the Coniferae, the Cyca- daceae, the onion, and the mistletoe. Poly er gus (pdl/y-6r//gtis), n. [Gr. nokvepyos (poluergos) —hard working: iro\v (polu) = much, and epyov (ergon) = work.] (Entom.) A genus of Formicidse, containing the Amazon-ant. Pol y foil (poFy-foil), n. [Pref. poly-, and Lat. folium = a leaf.] (Arch.) An ornament formed by a molding disposed in a number of segments of circles. [Illus., Polyfoil.] Po lyg a mize (po-lyg'a-mize), v. t. To practice polygamy. [Bare.] "O lustful soul, first to polygamize." * Sylvester: Handy Crafts, 693. Pol y gar chy (pOl^y-gar'ehy), n. [Formed from Gr. 7roAus (polus)=many, and apxv (arche) = rule, by confusion with obligarchy.] Govern- ment or rule by many; polyarchy. Pol y gas tri an (pOVy-g&s^tri-an), a. and n. The same as Polygastrio. Pol y gon (pOl'y-gon), n. Polygon of forces; (Mech.) A theorem stated as follows: "If any number of forces acting upon a point be repre- sented in magnitude and direction by the sides of a polygon taken in order, they will be in equilibrium," or "any side of a polygon, taken in reverse order, will represent the magnitude and direction of the resultant of any number of forces acting upon a point, when these forces are represented in magnitude and direction by the remaining sides of the polygon taken in direct order." Po lyg O ny (po-l^g;o-ny), n. [Lat. polugonium, polugonon, from Gr. iroXvyovos (polugonos) — knot-grass; nokvs (poZws)=many, andyovu (gonu) = q, knee; Fr. polygonie.] (Bot.) Polygonum aviculare, knot-grass.—Spenser: F. Q., Ill, v, 32. Pol y he dral, Pol y he drons (p6l'y-he"- dral, p61/y-he//drous), a. Polyhedral-angle: An angle bounded by three or more plane angles, having the-vertex common. Pol y he dric, Pol y he dric al (pdl'y-he"- drie, pOl'^-he^drie-al), a. The same ae Polyhe- dral. Pol y hy drite (p61/jr-hy/7drite), n. [Pref. poly-, and Gr. v&mp (7mdor)=water.] (Min.) An amor- phous mineral, of a liver-brown color, of some- what doubtful composition. Said to contain sil- ica, proto- and sesquioxides of iron, with some alumina, etc., and 29.20 per cent, of water. Found at Breitenbrunn, Saxony. Pol y hym ni a (pol y-hym^nl-a), n. [Lat., fromGr. llokvp.vLa(polumnia), tromiroXv^ (polus) =many,and v/*vo<; (humnos) = & hymn.] 1. (Class. Antiq.) One of the Muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, who presided over singing and rhetoric, and was deemed the inventress of har- mony. 55. (Astron.) An asteroid. [Illus., Polyhymnia.] Po lyl O queiit (po-lyl;o-quent), a. [Pref. poly-. and Lat. loquens, pr. par. of loquor=to speak.] Talking much; talkative, garrulous. [O&s.] Po lym a thist (po-lym a-thrst), n. One learned in many subjects; one who has a smattering of many sciences. [O&s.] "Those polymathists that stand poring all day in a corner upon a moth-eaten author."—Howell: Letters, bk. iii, let. 8. Po lym er ous (po-l^n^er-oiis), a. 1. Com- posed of many parts. it. (Chem.) Pertaining to polymerism; polym- eric. Po lym ni a (po-lym'ni-a), n. [Polyhymnia (q. v.).] Pol y mor phism (pOl'y-mOr^phism), n. 1. (Bot.) Existence of several forms of the same organ in a plant, as the existence of differently formed leaves in the same plant. 2. (Crystallog.) Heteromorphism. Pol y mor pliy (pOl^y-mOr'phy), n. [Pref. poly-% and Gr. n-optyrj (morphe) = form. J The same as Polymorphism [q. v.). Pol y om ill a tons ( pol y-om 'ma-tous), a. Fur- nished with many eyes; many-eyed. Po lyp ar OUS (po-lyp ar-ous), a. [Gr. ttoAi/? (polus)—many, and Lat. pario—to bring forth.] Producing or bearing many; bringing forth a great number. Pol y pe ail (pol y-pe"an), a. Of or pertaining to a polyp or polypus. Pol y pliore (pol y-phore), n. [Gr. woAvopos (poluphorus)=bearing much; Gr. 7toAvs (polus) =many, and op6s (phoros) = bearing.] (Bot.) Richard's name for a receptacle when, as in the strawberry and raspberry, it is succulent, greatly dilated, and bears many ovaries. Pol y plec t rum, Pol y plec tron (pol'y- plec//trum, p01/y-plec//tron), n. [Pref. polyand Gr. TTkt)KTpov (plektron), Lat. plectrum—an in- strument or quill for striking the lyre.j 1. (Mus.) A musical instrument in which tha tones were produced by the friction of numerous slips of leather acting upon strings, and moved by pressing or striking keys, as in the pianoforte. 2. (Ornith.) A genus of Phasianinse, irom the Oriental region. There are five species: Polyplectron thibetanus, P. bicalcaratum, P. ger- maini, P. emphanum,and P. calcurum, known re- spectively as the Common, the Iris, Germain's, Napoleon, and the Sumatran Polyplectron. Pol y poid (poFy-poid), a. [Eng. polyp; -oid.] Resembling a polyp. Po lyp or ous (po-lyp'or-ous), a. Having many pores. Pol y prag mat ic, Pol y prag mat ic al (pol'y-pr&g-m&t^ie, poFy-prag-m&t^ic-al), a. [Pref. poly-, and Eng. pragmatical.] Over-busy, over-zealous, officious. [.Rare.] "Above all they hated such polypragmatical in- quisitors."—Hey wood: Hierarchy of Angels, p. 158. Pol y prag ma ty (pol'y-prag^ma-ty), n. [Gr. rro\vTrpayp.aT€Ui (polupragm,ateo)—to be busily en- gaged.] The state of being too much engaged in business. Po lyp to ton (po-lyp'to-tOn), n. [Gr. iroAu7rTWT09 (poluptotos), neut. tto\v7tt(otov (poluptdton) = being in many cases; ttoAus (polus)=many, and 7ttco<7is (ptdsis)=a case.] (Rhet.) A form of speech in which a word is repeated in different cases, numbers, genders, etc. Pol y sche ma tist (pdl't-sche^ma-tist), a. [Pref. poly-, and Gr. ?/aa (schema), genit. o"XT?^taTos (schematos) = & form, a fashion.] Char- acterized by or existing in many forms or fash- ions; multiform. Pol y spor ous (pOl'y-spOr^oiis), n. (Bot.) Having many spores. Pol y syl lab i cism, Pol y syl la bism (pO^y-syl-iab^I-^ism, pol'y-syl^la-bism), n. The quality or state of being polysyllabic, or of con- taining many syllables. "Time-wasting in its immense polysyllabism —Whitney: Life and Growth of Language, ch. xxi. Pol y tha la mi a (pdr^-tha-ia^mi-a), n. pi. [Pref. poly-, and Gr. 0dAaju.os (thalamos) = an inner room.] (Zool.) The same as Foraminif- Notation: a, 6,1, 6, ti, y, long; ft, 6,1, 6. ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thftre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; 9 as s; gh as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; a as z; 5 as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. Jpl^On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.POLYTIIEIZE (300 POR TING A L era (q. v.). Sometimes api>lied to those having shells with many chambers separated by septa. Pol y the ize ( pol y-the-lze), v. i. To support, hold or inculcate polytheism; to believe in or teach a plurality of gods. Po lyt O ill oils (po-lyt'o-mofis), a. (Bot.) Pin- nate; the divisions, however, not articulated with the common petiole. Pol y zo a ( pol y-zo a\ n. pi. [Gr. 7roAv? (pol us) = many, and gyov (zoon) = a living creature; so named because many individuals are united into a colony, or polyzoary.] (Zool.) The name given by J. W. Thompson, in 1830, to what Elirenberg called Byrozoa. In 1841 H. Milne-Edwards united in the Polyzoa, Brachio- poda, and Tunic-ata in his group Molluscoida. It has been since shown that the latter belong to the Vertebrata, and the relation of the first two rested on a midaken identification of parts. Pol y zo an (p61 y-zo an), n. One of the poly- zoa (q. v.). Pol y zon al (pfil'y-zOn'al), a. Polyzonal-lens: A burning lens constructed of segmental lenses arranged in zones. The object is to obtain lenses of large size for lighthouses, free from defects, and having but slight spherical aberration. They were first suggested by Buffon, and made by Brewster. Pol y zo on (poi'y-zo'fin), n. [Polyzoa.] Any individual of the Polyzoa (q. v.). Pom fret (pOmfret), n. [Etym doubtful.] (Ichth.) A species of Stromateus, found in the Mediterranean, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. —Good rich. Pom fret cake (ptfm7fr6t-eake), n. A lozenge or small cake made of licorice Po mo lia (po-mo'na), n. [Lat., from pomum — an apple.] {Rom. Myth.) The goddess who pre- sided over fruit trees. Pompadour (j>om pa-dour), n. [See def.] A crimson or puce color, so called after Mad. Pompadour, who patronized it. Pom pa dour (p6m pa-dour), a. Of crimson or puce color. "Silk brocaded with beads, or some dainty Pompadour damask."—London Daily Telegraph, Jan. 14, 1886. The Pompadours: The 56th Regiment of Foot, from its facings being of this color. [Eng.] —Notes and Queries, No. xlix, p. 56. Pom pel mous (pdm pel-mous), n. (Bot.) The fruit of the shaddock (Citrus decumana); the pompoleon. Pom pill ion (ptfm-pill'yun), n. [o. Fr. popu- leon, from Lat. populus=a poplar (q. v.).] A pomatum or ointment prepared from black pop- lar buds. [O&s.]—Cotgrave. Pom po le oil (p6m-p0 le-6n), n. See Pompel- mous. Pom pom (p6m7p<5n), n. [Fr.] I. An ornament, as a feather or flower, for a bonnet; specif., the tuft of colored wool worn by infantry soldiers in front of the shako or hat„ "In the days of tompees and pompoons."—Bar- hamJng. Legends; Leech of Folkstone. 2. {Bot.) A small, compact variety 3f Chrys- anthemum. Pon cho (p6n7tcho), n. [Sp.] 1. A sort of cloak* worn by the native Indians, and also by many of the Spanish inhabitants of South America. It resembles a narrow blanket with a slit in the mid- dle, through which the head passes, so that it hangs down loosely before and behind, leaving the arms free. 2. Any garment for men or women resem- bling that described under 1. [Illus., Chilian- Poncho.] Pon cler (pfin7der), v. t. See Meditate. Pon cler a hie ness (p6n7der-a-ble-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being ponderable; that quality or property or bodies by which they pos- sess weight. Pond 1£1 y (pdnd^lil7^), n. (Bot.) The same as Water-lily. Pone (pone), n. [N. Amer. Ind.] Bread made of the meal of Indian corn, with the addition of eggs and milk. [U. .] Pop corn (pOp cOrn), n. Corn or maize used for parching or popping; also popped-corn. Pope ling (pope img), n. A petty or inferior pope. (Used in contempt.) Popinjay (p<5p7In-jay), n. A figure of wood, etc., ornamented with feathers, wool, etc., to imitate a parrot, and used as a target or mark for archery, and afterward for firearms. The com- petitors stood at a distance of sixty to seventy paces, and he who brought down the mark held the title of Captain of the Popinjay for the re- mainder of the day.—Hall: Henry VII (an. 8). Popped (pftpt), p. a. [Pop, v.] Popped-corn: Parched Indian corn, so called from the noise which it makes on bursting open with the heat; Xjop-corn Pop per (pflp'per), n. 1. A dagger. "A jolly popper." Chaucer: C. T., 3929. 2. A domestic implement for popping corn. It is usually a wire basket, which is held over the fire and shaken or revolved so as to keep the corn moving. [ U. S. ] 3. A gun, a cannon "More poppers bang." Browning: Englishman in Italy. Pop pet (pftp'pet), n. 1. (Steam-eng.) A pup- pet-valve (q. v.). 2. (Naut.) Pl. (a) Shores erected on the bilgeways, and forming a part of the cradle on which the vessel rests in launching. The heads of the poppets are confined by a plank bolted to ' the bottom of the ship, and their heels rest on sole-pieces on the upper sides of the bilgeways. (b) Small stakes on the gunwale of a boat to form rowlock s^and support the wash-strake. Pop pie (pop pie), n. [Lat. populous — a pop- lar; Low Ger. pdppel; Dan. poppeltree: Sw. pop- pel.] The poplar. [Prov. Eng. and U. outer portion of the trunk of the cocoa-nut palm,, a hard, durable wood, which, when cut horizon- tally, shows beautiful markings, resembling those- of porcupine quills. Po rime (pOrime), n. [Gr. nopi/Aos (porimos) = practicable, from iropoq (jwros) — a ford, a passage.] (Geom.) A theorem or proposition so easily demonstrable as to be almost an axiom or self-evident. Por i liess (pOr'i-nSss), n. The quality or state- of being pory, or full of pores. [Rare. J "The poriness of the bone below."—Wiseman: Surgery, bk. ii, ch. viii. Por no grapliy (por-ndg'ra-phy), n. [Gr. iropvq (pome) — a harlot, and ypdcjxo (grapho) — t > write. ] 1. Licentious painting, such as the pictures used to ornament the walls of the temples of Bacchus; specimens exist at Pompeii. 2. Licentious literature. Po rot ic (po-r<5t le), n [Gr. n-capos (poros) = a callus.] (Med.) A medicine capable, or supposed to be capable, of helping to form a callus.—Dun- glison. Por phyre (p6r'phyre), n. Porphyry. [O&s.] Por po ri no (pOi^po-rl^no), n. [Ital.] A mixture of quicksilver, tin, and sulphur, which produced a yellow metallic powder, that was em- ployed instead of gold by mediaeval artists, when they wished to economize. Port (port), n. Port-admiral: (Naval) The admiral commanding at a naval port. [En,g.~\ Port-bit'. (Harness ) A general name for all bite, having a port mouthpiece. Port-town: A town, having, or being situated near, a port. Port (port), v. t. To carry in a military fashion;, to carry, as a rifle, in a slanting direction up- ward toward the left, and across the body ia front: as, To port arms. Port age (port'age), n. 1. The wages of a sailor when in port. 2. The amount of wages due to a sailor for £ voyage. Port age (portage), v. t. To carry, to transport- "The boats are not being por taged, but only the stores."—Pall Mall Gazette, Dec. 27, 1884. Port age (port age), v. i. To carry goods, boats* etc., at portages. "The bodily training obtained by rowing., tacking, and.portaging.'''1—Standard, Nov. 18,1885. Port al (port al), a. [Lat. porta, a gate.] (Anat.} Pertaining to or connected with the venaportce in the liver; as, the portal circulation. Port ant (portent), a. [Fr., pr. par. of porter =to carry. \ (Her.) The same as Port ate (q. v.). Port ate (port7ate), a. [Lat. portatus, pa. par. of porto = to carry.] (Her.) Applied to a cross placed bend-wise in an escutcheon, that is, lying as if carried on a person's shoulder. Port cul lis (port-cullls), n. Portcullis-moneyi A name given to money coined in the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth for the use of the East India Company in their trading in the East. It was so called from the portcullis crowned borne< on the reverse, the queen's effigy being on the> olyarse. Porte moil naie (pOrt^mun-na')) n. A small leather pocket-book for holding money, etc. Por ten tive (por-t6n tive), a. Portending, foretokening, portentous, ominous. "Comets ali wink'd at this, nor could I spy One blazing star but my portentive eye.7' Brome: To his Mistress. Port er ess (pOrt'er-ess), n. A portress. Port fol io (port-fol7yo), n. 1. A collection of drawings, pictures, papers, and the like. 2. The office and duties of a minister of state; the appointment of a minister. "The President would then request the Premier to keep his portfolio."—London Daily Telegraph, Dec. 28, 1885. Port hook (pOrt7h(X)k), n. (Naut.) One of the hooks in the side of a ship, to which the hinges of a port-lid are hooked. Por ti coed (p0r/ti-€0ed)1 a. Having a porticf or porticoes. Por ti gue (pOr'ti-gae), n. The same as Porta gue. Por tin gal (por7tin-gal), n. [A corrupt, ol Portugal.] (Geog.) A native of Portugal; a Portuguese. [ Obs. ] Por till gal (pOr'tin-gal), a. (Geog.) Of or re- lating to Portugal; Portuguese. [Obs.] Notation: a, e, 1, 0, u, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, fl, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th6re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, rydG, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s: $h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; x as gz; n as in linger, liok; th as in thine. jp^^on this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of tooth Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PORTION GOl POWDER SPor tion (por tion), n. Syn.—Portion, Part. Portion is a part a. lotted to some object, or set aside for a special purpose; part has simply ref- erence to some whole: as, k4A portion of his time *'as devoted to reading." "A lajrge part of the room was occupied by spectators." — Fallows'1 St/nonyins Discrimiilated. Port land-stone (prtrt land-stone), n. A va- riety of sandstone, of reddish brown color, found at Portland, Conn >cticut, in the United States. Port land-vase (port land-vase), n. A ciner- ary urn or vase, found in the tomb of the Em- peror Alexander Severus, ana long in possession of the Barberini family. In 1779 it was pur- chased by Sir W. Hamhton, and afterwTard came into the possession of the Duchess of Portland. Poi' toir (por toir), n. [0. Fr., from porter = to bear, to carry.] One who or that which bears or carries; one who or that which bears or pro- duces. [Oks. i ■Port pane (pOrt'pane), n. [Fr. porter (Lat. porto) —U) carry, and pain (Lat. panis)~bread.] A cloth in which bread was carried, so as not to touch it with the hands. [0?>s.] for trait-bust (portrait-bust), n. A portrait- bust, or str.tue in sculpture, is one representing the actual features or person of an individual in contr distinction from an ideal bust or statue. '"Thfe }>ortrait claims from imitative art Kesemblance close in each minuter part." Mason: Fresnoy ; Art of Pain ting Por trait lire (.pOr'trait-ure), n. The art or act of portraying or vividly describing in words. Por trait lire (pOr trait-ure), v. t. To portray, to depict. Port wok en (pOrt-sOk'en), a. [Eng. port—a port, and soke = a privilege.] Having the circuit • r liberties of the gate : that is, b"in<,' within the city gates in point of privilege*, though without it in point of fact. This is a name given to a ward in London. Por tu guese (pOr'tu-gue§e\ a. [Port. Portu- guezo; Sp. Portugues; Fr. Portogais; Ital. Porto- ghese.) (Geog.) Belonging or pertaining to Por- tugal or its people. Por til guese (pOr'tu-gtiese), n. (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Portugal; the language spoken by the Portuguese. Port war den (pOrt; war'den), n. An officer having charge of a harbor or port. Pos it (pds'it), v. t. [Lat. 2->ositiis, pa. par. of pono=to place, to set. ] 1. To place, to set; to range or dispose in relation to other objects. Si. To lay down as a position or principle; to assume; to take as real or conceded. Pox i tive (pds'i-tive), a. Positive crystal: (Optics) A doubly-refracting crystal, whose in- dex of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than that of the ordinary ray. In a neg- ative crystal this quality is reversed. Pos i tiv ist (pos'I-tiv-lst), n. A supporter or adherent of Positivism. "That patronage emanates from complete Pos- iticists."—R. Congreve: The Eight Circulars, p. 6. Po si tion (po-gi'tion), n. Syn.— Position, Pos- ture. The position is that in which a body is placed in respect to other bodies; as the standing with one's face or back to an object is a position; but a posture is that position which a body as- sumes in respect to itself, a- a sitting or reclining posture. Pos sess (p^s-sSs' or p5z-z<5s'), v. t. Syn.— Sje Have. Pos si ble (pds'si-ble), a. Syn. — Possible, Practicable, Practical. Possible signifies properly to be able to be done; practicable signi- fies to be able to put in practice: hence the dif- ference oetween possible and practicable is the same as between doing a thing at all, or doing it as a rule. Ihere are many things possible which cannot be called practicable; but what is prac- ticable mast, in its nature, be possible. The pos- sible depends solely on the power of the agent: the practicable depends on circumstances.— Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Post age (pOst'age), n. Postage-stamp: An ad- hesive stamp of various values issued by the post-office, to be affixed to letters or other articles sent by post, as payment of the postage or cost of transmission. Post al (post'al), a. [Fr.] Of or pertaining to the post-office, posts or conveyance of letters, etc., by po-t. '•Giving some trouble to the postal authori- ties."— London Daily Telegraph, Dec. 19, j885. Postal-order or note: A cash-order of various values issu#d by the post-office, and payable to the b<>arer at any post-office. Post bag (pOst'Mg), n. A bag in which letters are conveyed to or by the post; a mail-ba?. Post cap tain (pOst^eap'tain), n. (Naval) A . captain of a ship-of-war of three years' standing, now simply styled a captain. He ranks with a colonel in the army. [Eng.] Post date (post date), n. A date attached to a writing or other document later than the real date. Post, ex ist ent (pOst'es-isf'ent), a. Existing or being after or subsequently. [Rare.'] uPre- and post-existent atoms."—Cud worth: In- tell. System, p. 35. Post fact (post7Met), n. [Lat. post factum = done afterward. 1 A fact which occurs after or subsequently to another. Post ft'en i ture■ipost'gSn//I-tare), n. The state or condition of a child born after another in the same family. [Rare.] Pos thet o mist (pos-thet'o-mist), n. One who per.orms the operation of posthetomy or circum- cision.—Dunglison. Posthetomy (pos-thSt'o-my), n. [Gr. iroa-dr) (posthc) —the prepuce, and (tome)=a cut- ting. ] Circumcision.—Dunglison. ■Post ing (post ing), p. a. Posting-house: A house or hotel where post-horses are kept. Post mail (post man), n. (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Ex- chequer division of the High Court of Justice, who have precedence in motions. So called from the place where he sits; the other is called the tubman. Post mill (post'mill), n. An old form of wind- mill which was mounted on a post. The post was continued through several stories, and formed the axis on which the mill veered as the wind changed. Post note (pOst'nOte), n. A cash-note intended to be transmitted by post, and made payable to order. Post of flee (pOst^df'fi^e), n. Post-office order: The satne as a Money-order (q.v.). Post-pran di al (pOst'-pran^di-al), a. Happen- ing after dinner; after-dinner. k'The introduction by some unhappy post-pran- dial orator of political allusions."—London Daily Telegraphy Nov, 12, 1885. Post road. Post route (post'road, pOsfroute), n. The road or route by which mails are con- veyed Post u mus (posfu-mus), a. Posthumous. [Rare.] Post ure (post'ure), n. Syn.—See Position. Pot a liiog ra pliy (pdt'a-mog^ra-phy), n. [Pref. potamo-, and Gr. ypd(f}Yj (grapho)=a de- scription . ] A description of rivers. Po tas sa (pO-tassa,) n. (Chem.) Potassium hydrate, or pure potash. Po ta to (po-ta to), n. Potato rot: A disease affecting the potato tubers. Potato worm: (En- tom.) A large green caterpillar with a horny^ tail living among potato vines in the United States. Sweet potato: A plant of the genus Ba- tatas (B. edulis), the tubers of which have a sweetish taste and are used as food. Po tence (pO'ten^e), n. [Lat. potentia=power.] Power, potency. Po ten ti ate (pO-t&a'shi-ate), v. t. To make ac- tive or potent; to give power or potency to. Po theeii (po-theen'), n. Poteen. Pot hole (pot'hole), n. The name given by quar- rymen to a deep conical or cylindrical pipe in the chalk.—Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.t i (1845), p. 302. Pot lid (pfit'lld), n. Potlid-valve: A cap-shaped valve which shuts down like a cover upon a port or the end of a pipe. Pot met al (pdtf'mSt'al), n. 1. A cheap alloy for faucets, etc.; composed of copper, 10; lead, 6 to 8. Si. A kind of cast-iron suitable tot casting hollow ware. 3. A species of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with the gla s while the latter is in a state of fusion in the pot. Pot pie (pdt'ple), n. A pie made by covering the inner surface of a pot with paste, and filling up with meat, as beef, mutton, fowl, etc.; also a dish made of meat and lumps of dough boiled together. Pot pieee (pdt'pie^e), n. A pot-gun. Pot plant pot/piant), n. (Bot;) Lecythis Ollaria, a plant bearing a woody fruit and hav- ing a lid which opens. Pot pourri (po'por-e"), n. [Fr. pot — pot, and pourri, pa. par. of pourrir = to putrefy, to boil very much.] 1. A dish of various kinds of meat and vegetables cooked together . A mixture of rose-leaves and various spices, kept in jars or other vessels as a scent. Com- monly called popery. 3. A vase or bouquet of flowers used to per- fume a room. 4. In music, a medley; a collection of various tunes linked together; a capriccio or fantasia on p pular melodies. "He has deftly made a pot-pourri of national tunes."—London Daily Telegraph, Dec. 22, 1885. 5. A literary composition made up of several parts jmt together without any unity of plot or plan. Pot ter (pot'ter), n. 1. One who hawks crockery about the streets. [Prov. Eng.] Si. One who pots meats. Pot ter (potter), v. i. [Afrequent, of pote = to push, to kick, from Wei. pwtio = to push, to poke; Gael, put; Corn, poot; Sw. dial. %>ata = to poke wilh a stick; O. Dut. potsien = to search one thoroughly ] 1. To busy or worry one's self about trifles; to trifle; to be fussy; to putter. Si. To walk lazily or without any definite pur- pose: to saunter. '*Pottering about with the rector of a parish over a^srnall glebe."—The Queen, Sept. 26, 1885. Pot ter (pot'ter), v. t. To poke; to push. [Prov. Eng.] Pounce (pounce), v. t. 1. To seize in the talons or claws. Said of a bird of prey.—Cowper: Table Talk, 553. To prick; to make holes in; to perforate; to work in eyelet-holes. "The trapper was . . . pounced and set with antique work."—Hall: Henry VIII (an. 22). Pounced (pounced), p. Worked in eyelet-holes; ornamented with a continuous series of holes over the whole surface. Pound age (pound age), n. (Eng. Law) (a) An allowance made to the sheriff upon the amount levied under a writ of capias ad satisfaciendum. It was abolished by the statute 5 and 6 Victoria, c. 98. (b) An allowance made to the sheriff upon the amount levied under a writ of fieri facias. If the amount levied is £100 or under, the pound- age is one shilling in the pound; if above £100, sixpence in the pound. Pound age (pound age), n. 1. Confinement in a pound. Si. The charge made upon owners of cattle im- pounded for straying. Pound cake (pound'eake), n. A rich sweet cake, so called from its being made of a pound, or equal quantities, of the several ingredients used. Pound-rate (pound'rate), n. A rate, assess- ment, or payment at a certain rate for each pound. Pour par ty (pour parity), n. [Fr., from pour = for, andpar£i=a part, a party.] (Laiv) The division among partners of lands which were for- merly held in common. Pour par ty (pour/par//tt), v. t. [Pourparty.] (Law) To divide the lands which fall to parce- ners.— Wharton. Pour point (pourpoint), n. [Fr., from powr= for, andpoindre (Lat. pungo)— to prick.] (Old Cost.) The close-fitting, quilted doublet com- monly worn by soldiers and civilians in the four- teenth and fifteenth centuries; a gambeson. It continued to be worn as late as the time of Charles II. Its invention is ascribed to the Crusaders, by whom it was adopted as a substitute for heavy armor. Pout (pout), n. [A corrupt, of poult. ] 1. A younp fowl, a chicken; a young partridge or moor fowl. [Scotch.] "Of wild birds, Cornwall hath quail, wood-dove, heathcock, and powi."—Carew: Survey of Corn- wall. Si. A child. [Scofcft.] Pout er (pout'er), n. 1. One who pouts; a sul- len person, 2. (Ornith.) A variety of pigeon, so called from its inflated breast. "Pouters look well strutting along the eaves." —London Daily Telegraph, Nov. 17, 1885. [Illus., Pouter.] Pov er ty (pdv;er-ty), n. Syn. — Poverty, Want, Indigence, Pauperism. Poverty admits of different states or degrees which are expressed by the other terms. Want denotes, when taken absolutely, the lack of the first necessaries, which is a permanent state, and a low state of poverty. Indigence signifies the state of wanting such things as one has been habituated to, or are suited to one's station, and is properly applied toper- sons in the superior walks of life. Pauperism is dependence upon public charity. Pow der (pow der), n. Powder and shot: The cost, effort, or labor necessary to obtain a result. Generally used in the phrase "worth powder and shot," i. e., worth the trouble and cost. Powder magazine: A building or place where gunpowder is stored; usually a bomb- and fire-proof building in a fort, etc. Powder-mixer: A pharmaceutical Notation: a, e, i, 0, u, y, long; a, 6, I, 6. ft, jf, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, £, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. "On this page will be found all new words; also all w^uo in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabritfs^d Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.POWER 602 PREDESTINATIVE device for intimately mixing various powders. Powder-monkey: A boy formerly employed on board ships-of-war to carry gunpowder from the magazine to the gun; a ship's boy. "Ellangowan had him placed as cabin-boy, or powder-monkey, on board an armed sloop."— Scott: Guy Mannering, ch. iii. Power (pow'er), n. {Mech.) (a) The moving force applied to overcome some force or resist- ance, to raise a weight, or produce other required effect; air, water, steam, and animal strength are employed as powers. (6) The mechanical effect or advantage produced by a machine. Thus in the lever the mechanical advantage is the ratio of the weight to the moving force when in equi- librium; thus if a power of 2 lbs. sustains a weight of 30 lbs., the mechanical advantage is 30 divided by 2—15. (c) Force or effect, considered as re- sulting from the action of a machine. Power able (power-a-ble), a. 1. Powerful; endued with power. [06s. ] "How powerable time is in altering tongues."— Camden: Remains; Languages. That may be effected or performed by power; possible. Pow er fill (pow'er-ful), a. Wonderfully or ex- traordinarily great or numerous; as, a powerful sight of people. [Vidgar.] In this sense often used adverbially: as, He is powerful strong. Pow wow, Paw waw (pow'wow, paw'waw), n. [North Amer. Indian.] 1. A council held by the North American Indians before going on the warpath; a war expedition; a hunt, war dances. 3. An uproarious meeting for political pur- poses; a noisy gathering. [u. s.] Pow wow v. i. [Pow'wow, n.j 1. To use con- juration or magic rites; to conjure, to divine. "The Angekok of the Esquimaux. . . prescribes or powwows in sickness and over wounds."— Kane: Arctic Explorations, ii, 118. To have a noisy frolic or uproarious gather- ing. Pox (p6x), v. t. To give one the pox or venereal disease. Poy (poy), n. A steering pole for a boat; a pole for propelling a barge. [Eng.'] Poy al (poy ai), n. [Sp.] A striped fabric for covering benches and seats. Poy na do (poy-n& do), n. [Fr. poignard.] A poniard. [06s.] Poynd ing (poynd'ing), n. The same as Poind- ing. Poy nette (poy-n6tte), n. [A kind of dimin. from poynado.] A little bodkin. [Obs.J Poyn tell (poyn'tell), n. Paving formed of small lozenges or squares laid diagonally. Poy ou (poy'ou), n. [Native name.] (Zool.) Dasypus sexcinctus, the Yellow-footed Armadillo, from Brazil. It is about sixteen inches from snout to root of tail, which measures seven or eight inches more. It has often six, but some- times seven or eight, movable bands. It feeds principally on carrion. Prae ti ea ble (pr&e'tl-ca-ble), a. Syn.—See Possible. Prac tic a ble ness (pr&c'tic-a-ble-nSss), n. The quality or state of being practicable; prac- ticability, feasibility. "To show the consistency and practicableness of this method."—Locke: Toleration, let. iii, ch. iii. Prac tice (pr&e'tl^e), n. (Law) The form, manner, and order of proceeding with and carry- ing on suits and the like through their various stages, according to legal principles, and the rules laid down by the courts.—Bouvier. Prse-,pref. [Pee-.] TI For words compounded with prce, where two forms exist, and the prefix pre- has taken, or is gradually taking, the place of prce, as in prsead- amitical, pr8eceptory,\ etc., see Preadamitical, Preceptory, etc. Prse cor di a (pree-cdr'di-a), n. pi. [Lat.=the diaphragm, the entrails; pref. prce-, and cor— the heart.] (Anat.) (a) The chest and the parts which it contains. (6) The bowels. Prre cor di al, Pre cor di al (praa eOr'dl-al, pre-eOr'di-al), ct, [Pr^cordia.] Pertaining to the prsecordia or parts before the heart.—P. Hol- land: Plinie, bk. xxx, ch. v. Prae flo ra tion, Pre$flo ra tion (prae'flo- ra/7tion, pre'flo-ra^tion), n. [Pref. prce-, and Lat. flos, genit. floris=a flower.] The same as Estivation. Prag mat ic (prag-mat'ic), n. 1. One who is versed or busy in affairs. A solemn ordinance or decree, emanating from the chief authority or head of & state.— Clarendon: Religion and Polim/, ch. iv. Prais a bly (prais'a-biy), adv. Inapraisable or praiseworthy manner; in a manner to deserve praise. Praise (praise), v. t. Syn.—Praise, Commend, Applaud, Extol. All these terms denote the act of expressing approbation. To praise is the most general and indefinite; we praise a person generally; we commend him particularly: we praise him for his diligence, sobriety, and the like; we commend him for his performances. To applaud is an ardent mode of praising; we ap- plaud a person for his nobleness of spirit: to ex- tol is a reverential mode of praising; we extol a man for his heroic exploits.—Crabb: Eng. Syno- nyms. Praise ment (praige'mSnt), n. The act of valuing or appraising; value set on anything. [06s.]—Fabyan: Chronicle, vol. i (Pref., p. vii. ) Pran cer (printer), n. One who prances; a prancing steed. Pran gos (pran'gds), n. [Native name of Pran- gos pabularia.] (Bot.) A genus of Umbelliferse, family Smyrnidae. The fruit or seed of Prangos pabularia, the Hay-plant, a native of Kashmir, Afghanistan, etc., is stomachic, stimulant, car- minative, and diuretic. It is used to cure the dry rot in sheep, and the root is a valuable remedy in itch.—Calcutta Exhib. Report. Pras e o lite (pras'e-o-llte), n. [Eng. prase; o connect., and Or. kLQos (lithos) =a stone; Ger. praseolith. ] (Min.) A green pinite found in crystals pseudomorphous after Iolite at Br&kke, near Brevig, Norway, in granite. Pra sold (pra'goid), n. Having the character- istics of, or resembling prase. Prat ic (pr&fie), n. The same as Pratique. Pra tin cole (pra'tin-eole), n. [Latham's ren- dering of pratincola, the name given to Glareola pratincola by Kramer in 1756.] (Ornith.) A name first applied to Glareola pratincola, and afterward extended to the other species of the genus. The Pratincoles are small, slenderly-built, delicately-colored birds. Eight or nine species have been described, from the south of Europe, Africa, India, China, and Australia. Like plovers, they run very swiftly,and nidificate on the ground, but they feed, in part, on the wing. [Illus., Pra- tincole.] 4 Prayer (prftr), n. Prayer-meeting: A public or private meeting for prayer. Prayer-monger: A contemptuous name for one who prays.—Southey: Thalaba, bk. v Pre ac quaint (pre'ae-quaint''), v. t. To make acquainted with previously: to inform beforehand. Pre act (pre-act'), v. t. To act or perform pre- viously to. Pre ac tion (pre-ae'tion), n. An action per- formed previously. "Polarily determined by its prediction."— Browne: Vulgar Errours, bk. ii, ch. ii. Preb en date (pr6b'6n-date), v. t. To make a prebendary of ; to present to a prebend. [06s.] "He was prebendated at Paris." — Grafton: Chronicle; King John (an. 11). Preb end ship (pr^b^nd-ship), n. A prebend- aryship; a prebend. [O&s.]—Fox: Martyrs, p. 216. Pre ca ri ous (pre-ea'rl-ous), a. Syn.—Preca- rious, Uncertain. The precarious is a species of the uncertain. Derived from nhe Latin precari, to pray, it originally signified to be dependent upon the will of another. Matters of fact are uncertain; matters of possession or acquisition are precarious. A thing is uncertain until it is determined. It is precarious until it is assured or secured to ourselves. Pre ca tion (pre-ca'tion), n. [Lat. precatio, from precatus, pa. par. of precor—to pray.] The act of praying; prayer, entreaty, supplication. [06s.] "And can you not from your precation . . . To think of an old friend find some vacation?" Cotton: Epistle to John Bradshaw, Esq. Prec e dent (pr^g'e-d&nt) n. 1. A rule or course of action founded on the course adopted in similar antecedent cases. "Precedent was directly opposed to this odious distinction."—Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xi. A preceding circumstance or condition. *' For much he knows, and just conclusions draws From various precedents and various laws." Pope: Homer; Odyssey iii, 307. 3. A sign, an indication, an example. "Your grace has given a,precedent of wisdom." Shakesp.: Henry VIII, ii, 2. 4. A first draught of a document; the original copy of a writing. [06s.] "Return the precedent to these lords again." Shakesp. .* King John, v, 2. Syn.—Precedent, Example. Both these terms apply to that which may be followed or made a rule; but the example is commonly present or before our eyes ; the precedent is properly some- thing past. We are led by the example, or w© copy the example ; we are guided or governed by the precedent. The former is a private and often a partial affair; the latter is public and often a national concern; we quote examples in literature, and precedents in law.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Prec e den tial (prSc'e-dgn^shal), a. Having the nature of a precedent; fit to be acted upon or followed as a precedent. "Their practice hath proved precedential to other places in the same nature." — Fuller: Worthies; Gloucestershire. Pre eel lent (pre-gSl'lent), a. [O. Fr., from Lat. prcecellens, pr. par. of prcecello—to excel, to surpass.] Excelling, surpassing. [06s.] "The rectitude of reason in the precellent knowledge of the truth."—P. Holland: Plutarch, p. 653. Pre ces sion (pre-s6sh/un), n. Luni-solar pre- cession: That part of the precession depending upon the action of the sun and moon alone. Planetary precession: That part depending upon planetary influence alone. Pre ces sion al (pre-s^sh'un-al), a. Pertaining or relating to precession. "The precessional movement of the pole of the earth."—Lyell: Prin. Geol. (ed. 1850), ch. xxxii. Pre ces sor (pre-^fis'sor), n. [Lat. prcecessor.~] One who goes before; a predecessor. [06s. ]— Fuller: Church Hist., X, v, 7. In Hist. Cam- bridge (iii, 62) it is used, apparently, adjectively. Pre cip i tant ness (pre-cip'i-tant-n^ss), n. The quality or state of being precipitant; rash or foolish hurry or haste. Pre cis (pra-se7), n. [Fr.] 1. A concise or abridged statement or summary of facts or cir- cumstances; an abstract. 2. The act or practice of drawing up such ab- stracts. Precis-writing: The same as Precis, 2. Pre ci sian ist (pre-sizh'an-ist), n. One who rigidly adheres to form, custom, or fashion; a precisian. Pre cis ion (pre-slzh'un), n. Syn.—Precision, Preciseness. Precision is opposed to that which is uncertain or vague, and denotes a close adher- ence to rule or principle. Preciseness implies rigid formality or over-nicety. Precision is used in a good sense; preciseness has a bad meaning. Precision is accurary in regard to things; the precise man is over-scrupulous concerning trivial matters.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Pre co e ta ne an(pre-e0/6-ta//ne-an), n. [Pref. pre-, and Eng. coetanean.] One contemporary with but yet older than another. [06s. and Rare.] "Petrarch the precoetanean of Chaucer." — Fuller: General Worthies, ch. ix. Pre con cert ed ness (pre'con-certf'ed-nSss), n. The quality or state of being preconcerted. Pre con di tion (pre'eon-di'tion), n. A pre- vious or preliminary condition. Pre con form (pre'eon-form"), v. i. To con- form in anticipation. Pre con form i ty (pre-con-form^i-ty), n. Pre- vious or antecedent conformity. Pre con quer (pre-edn'ker), v. t. To conquer beforehand. "The partage of this kingdom, which they had preconquered in their hopes."—Fuller: Worthies; Cornwall. Pre con scions (pre-cdn'shus), a. Pertaining to, or involving, a state anterior to conscious- ness. Pre con sent (pre'eon-sSnt"), n. Previous con- sent or agreement. "Whoever but his approbation added, Though not his preconsent.^ Shakesp.: Pericles, iv, 4. Pre cur sive (pre-eftr'slve). a. Preceding, an- tecedent, introductory, precursory. "A deep precursive sound." Coleridge: Destiny of Nations. Pre de cay (prS'de-cay"), n. Premature or early decay. "Some predecay [of ©racles] is observable from that of Cicero."—Browne: Vulgar Errours, bk. vii, ch. xii. Pre de cease (pre'de-^ease'Oi n. The decease or death of one person before another. Pred e ces Sive (prSd'e-gSs^sive), a. Preced- ing, antecedent.—Massinger: Old Law, i, 1. Pre de fine (pre'de-fine"), v. t. To define or limit beforehand; to preordain. "The number of years which God had, in his word to Jeremiah the prophet, predefined.'1''—Bp. Hall: Hard Texts; Daniel ix, 2. Pre de lib er a tion (pre'de-lib'er-a^tion), n. Deliberation beforehand; forethought. Pre des tin a tive (pre-dSs'tin-a-tive), a. Pre- destinating; determining or ordaining before- hand. Notation: a, 6, l, 0, o, y, long; a, t, 6, 6, jr, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th&re, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; furl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; Qh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; 5 as gz; a as in linger, li&k; th as in thine. ^li^On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PREDESTINY 603 PRESBYTERSHIP Pre ties tin y (pre-des'tin-y)^ n. Appointment or ordinance beforehand; predestination. [Obs.] —Chaucer: Troilus and Cresside, iv. Pre de terminable (pre'de-ter^mln-a-ble), a. Determinable beforehand; capable of being predetermined. Pre die a iiient (pre-dic'a-ment), n. S*n.— Predicament, Plight, Category. Predicament is commonly used of such embarrassments as are consequent on our own actions; plight, of such as are accidental, physical, or external. A man who has bound himself to two different engage- ments at different places at the same time is in a predicament. One who has fallen into a ditch in full dress is in a plight. Category, like the pre- ceding terms, denotes situation or condition, but differs from them in that the state is not neces- sarily an unfortunate one.—Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Pretl i eaut (pr<5d7i-eant), a. Affirming, predi- cating, x>reaci ing. Pretl i eate t pred1-eate), v. t. Syn.—Predi- cate, Base, or Found. Predicate should be used only when we affirm one thing of another. Hence, it is incorrect to soy, "He predicated his statement on the information he received." We should use based or founded. But we may say, ''Failures in business may be predicated of a want of application and industry."—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Pretl i t*a tion (prM'i-ca^tion), n. The act or art of preaching or delivering sermons. "The powerful predications of thine holy apostles."—Bp. Hall: Mystery of Godliness, § 8. Pretl i ea tive (pred i-ea'tive), a. Denoting affirmation or predication; predicating, affirm- ing. 1 'The predicative or verbal roots."—Whitney: Life and Growth of Language, ch. x. Pre die tive ly (pre-dletive-ly), adv. In a predictive or p oj hetic manner; prophetically. Pre di gest ion i.pre-"di-g£st/7yun), n. Diges- tion hastily perlormed; too hasty digestion. "Predigestion. or hasty digestion, is sure to fill the body full of crudities."—Bacon: Essays; Of Dispatch. Pre tlis cov er (pre'dls-eov^er), v. t. To dis- cover previously; to foresee.— Fuller: Church Hist., IX, i, 52. Pre tlis eov er y (pr e7 d is-cov'er-y), n. A discov- ery made beforehand. Pre tlis po nen ey (pr^dis-po^nen-sy),^. The condition of being predisposed; predisposition. [Obs.] Pre dis po nent (pre7dis-p07/nent), a. Inclin- ing to or disposing beforehand. Predisponent causes: (Med.) Causes which produce a liability to disease; predisposing causes. Pre dor sal (pre-dor'sal), a. (Anat.) In front of the back.—Dunglison. Pre dy (pre7dy), a. [Fr. prgf^ready.] (Naut.) A term applied to a ship cleared and ready for action. Pre dy (pre'dy), adv. Easily, readily. [Prov. Eng.'] Pre emp tive (pre-em7-tlv), a. Pertaining or relatirg to preemption; preempting. Pre emp tor (pre-£mtor), n. One who pre- empts; one who takes up land with the right of preempting it. Pref a tori a 1 (prM'a-tOr^i-al), a. Prefatory, introductory, preliminary. "Much prefatorial matter also may arise."— GiljAn: Preface to Sermons. Pre t'er (pre-fer'), v. t. Preferred stock: Stock on which a f xed dividend is to be paid before any other capital stock. In England it is called preference or preferential stock. Preferential (pref'er-en^shal). a. Giving, implying, or possessing a preference. "Shares, v hich, though not entitled to a fixed interest, shall enjoy a preferential claim to prof- its up to a specified point."—Bithell: Counting- House Diet. Pre fig lire ment (pre-fig'ure-mSnt), n. The act of prefiguring; the thing prefigured: a pre- figuration. Pre foliation (pre-f07li-a/7tion), n. (Bot.) See Pr^foxjation. Preg nance (preg7nan$e), n. [Obs.] 1. The quality or state of being pregnant; pregnancy. 2, Inventive power; fertility of invention. "The ripeness and the pregnance of his native treachery."—Milton: Colasterion. Preg nant (preg'nant), a. [Fr. prenant, pr. par. of prendre=to take.] Ready to admit or re- ceive; giving access; disposed, ready, prompt. [Obs. ] "My matter hath no voice, but to your own most pregnant and vouchsafed ear."—Shakesp.: Twelfth Night, iii, 1. I Preg 11 ant (preg nant), n. One who is in a state of pregnancy. [.Rare.] Pre his tor ic (pre/his-t6r77ic), a. 1. (Archceol.) Pertaining or relating to a period antecedent to that at which history began to record the deeds of any particular people. 2. (Geol.) The term applied to the latest sub- period but one of the Post-Tertiary, a portion of the recent period. [Recent.] Pre in tlis pose (pre'in-dis-pose77), v. t. To make indisposed beforehand. Pre ju di eal (pre-ju7di-eal), a. [Lat. preju- dicio = to prejudge.] Relating to the deter- mination of some matter not decided before- hand. Prej n dice (prSj'u-dice), v. t. Syn.—Preju- dice, Prepossess. Prejudice is always used in an unfavorable, prepossess often in a favorable sense; hence, we can be prejudiced against any- thing, but prepossessed, not prejudiced, in favor of it. It would be incorrect to say, "I am preju- diced in favor of that society " Use prepossessed. —Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Pre lal (pre'lal), a. [Lat. prcelum = a press.] Pertaining to or connected with printing; typo- graphical. [Obs.] Pre! at ess (prel'at-ess), n. A female prelate; the wife of a prelate. "The sage and rheumatic old prelatess."—Mil- ton: Apol. for Smectymnuus. Prel a tize (preVa-tize), v. i. 1. To perform the duties or office of a prelate. 2. To support or advocate prelacy; to encour- age High-Church principles. "An episcopacy that began then to prelatize." —Milton: Animad. on Remonstrant"1 s Defence. Pre lim it (pre-lim'It), v. t. To limit before- hand. Pre looli (pre-look7), v. i. To look or direct the sight forward. [Obs.] Pre lit di al (pre-lit'di-al), n. Relating to, or of the character of, a prelude; preluding, intro- ductory. [Rare.'] Pre lum bar (pre-lum'bar), a. [Pref. pre-, and Eng. lumbar,] (Anat.) Placed or situated before the loins. Pre max il lary (pre m&x'il-la-ry), n. [Pref. pre-, and Eng. maxillary.] The same as Inter- maxilla (q. v.). Pre me di ate (pre-me'di-ate), v. t. To advo- cate the cause of anyone. [Rare.] Pre mi al, Pre mi ant (pre'm'i-al, pre'mi-ant), a. [Premium, a.] Rewarding; by way of re- ward. [Rare.] "I many penal statutes saw But not one premial." Owen: Epigrams. Pre mi er (prg'mi-er), a. Most ancient. Applied to a peer in regard to date of creation: as, The Duke of Norfolk is the premier duke of England. Pre mi OUS (pre'mi-ous), a. [Lat. prcemiosus. from prcemiwm^reward.] Rich in or lavish of gifts. Pre mo lar (pre-mo7lar), n. [Pref. pre-, and Eng. molar.] 1. (Comp. Anat.) One of the permanent teeth which replace the deciduous molars in diphyodont mammals. 2. (Anat.) A bicuspid tooth. Pre moil i tor (pre-mdn'i-tor), n. [Lat. prce- monitor.] One who or that which gives premoni- tion or forewarning. "Some such-like uncouth premonitors the great and holy God sends purposely."—Bp. Hall: Solilo- quy 79. Pre mon stra ten sian (pre-m6n7stra-ten77- shan), n. [Eccles. Lat. Prcemonstratenses, from Fr. prdmontr6=foreshown, the name given by the founder to the site of the first house of the Order, in a valley near Laon, because he believed it divinely appointed for that purpose.] The same as Premonstrant. [.Rare.] Pre mon stra tor (pre-mon7stra-tor), n. [Lat. prcemonstrator.] One who or that which pre- monstrates or shows beforehand. Pre mo sale (pre'mo-sa^ie), a. Pertaining or belonging to the times before Moses. Pre mn ni tor y (pr6-mu/ni-tor-y), a. Pertain- ing or relating to a premunire. Pren tier (pr6n'der), n. [Fr. prendre (Lat. prendo)—to take.] (Law) The right or author- ity of taking a thing before it is offered. "This Heriot was Parcel of the Services, and those lie in Render, and not in Prender."—Nel- son: Lex Maneriorum, p. 115. ' Pre nos tie (pre-nds7tie), n. [Lat. prce=before, and nosco=to know. ] A prognostic, an omen, an augury. [Obs.J—Gower: C. A.< ii Pre note (pre-note7), v. t. 1o note or make out previously or beforehand. "This blind ignorance of that age thus above prenoted."—Fox: Martyrs, p. 120. Pre o per en lar, Prae o per en lar (pre7, ii, f, long; a, 6, I, 6. ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, r\jde» push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, link; tfa as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original We asterPRESBYTIA 604 PRIGGISHNESS office, position, or duty of a presbyter; pres- byter ate. Pres byt i a, Pros byt ism (pres-byt i-a, presbytism), it. [Gr itpea-fivT-qq {presbutes) = an elderly person.] The same as Presbyopia or Presbyopy. Pi 'es byt ie (pr6s-byt'ie), a. Pertaining to or affected with presbytia: long-sighted. Pres byt ism (prds byt-i§m), n. See Presbyt- ia. [Zia/v.J Pre se lect (pre'se-lSet7'), r. t. To select or choose previously. Pi •ew en ta tioil (pr£§'en-ta'tion), n. {Ob- stetrics) The part of a fetus which is felt pre- senting, on examination per vagiwum. Pi •e se a five (pre-sent a-tive), a. (Metaph.) Capable of being immediately apprehended, in- tuitional. "A presentative revelation implies faculties in man which can receive the jjresentatiou."— Man- sel: Bampton Lectures, i. Pre sent i meiit (pre-s^ntl-m^nt), n. An- ticipation of impending evil; a foreboding; a vague or undefined previous impression or con- viction that something calamitous or serious is about to happen. " These presentiments of disaster were unfor- tunately justified."—Eustace : Italy, vol. iii, ch. v. Pre sent i incut al (present i-mdnt^al), a. Pertaining to or having presentiments. [i?rtre.J Pres eil toil* (pr6z ong-tw6r7), n. [Fr.] An or- namental cup, very shallow, and having a tall, enriched stem. It was a decorative article of luxury, serving no particular use, but was much fabricated in the sixteenth century.—Fairholt, [Illus., Presentoir. ] Pre serve (pre-serve'), v. t. 1. To keep from being hunted, taken, or killed, except at certain seasons, or by certain persons: as, to preserve game. " Foxes will be strictly preserved as heretofore." —Field, Feb. 27, 1886. "Z. To protect the game or fish in. "There is no beiter preserved wood throughout the length and bre dth of the Hertfordshire country."—Field, Feb. 13, 1886. Syn.~See Keep. Pres i dencc (pr£§'I-aen£e), n. [Fr.] Super- intendence, presidency. 14 The presidence and guidance of an unseen governing power."—Wollaston: Religion of Na- ture, § 5. Pre si di O (pra-se'dl-o), n. [Sp.J A garrison; a fortified town or place; a fortress; a place of de- fense. Pre spill al [pre-spln'al), a. [Pref. pre-,'and Eng. spinal.] {Anat.) Placed in front of or anterior to the spine. Press (press), n. Those engaged on the press; especial]v reporters for newspapers. Pi •ess er (press'er), n. 1. (Knitting) The bar in a knitting-machine which drives the barb of the needie into the groove of the shank in order to let off the loop. (Sewing-mach.) The foot-piece in a sew- ing-machine which rests upon the cloth to hold it steady while the needle penetrates and with- draws, and then rises to allow the cloth to be fed; a presser-foot. Press ness (prgss'ngss), n. The state of being pressed; closeness, compression; condensation of thought or language. [Rare. J Prest a bie (pr6st'a-ble), a. [O. Fr.] Payable; capable of being made good. [Scotch, i Pres tant (prSslant), n. [Fr.] {Mus.) The open diapason of an organ, sometimes of sixteen feet, sometimes of eight feet in length. Pres tezz a (pr&s-t6tz'a), n. [Ital.] (Mus.) Haste, hurry, or rapidity of movement or execu- tion. Prest sail (pr^st'sail), n. (Naut ) All the sail that a ship is able to carry. Pre sul tor (pre-sul tor), n. Lat. prcesultor, from prce —before, and salio=to leap, to dance.j A leader or director of a dance. "The Coryphaeus of the world, or the precentor and presultor of it."—Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 397. Pre sump tion (pre-stimp'tion), n. {Law) In the absence of direct evidence that which comes nearest to the proof of a fact. Presumptions are of three degrees: Wolent, in which those circum- stances appear which necessarily attend the fact; probable, arising from such circumstances as usually attend the fact; and light (without valid- ity). A presumption ''''juris et de jure" (of law and from law) is where law or custom assumes the fact to be so on a presumption which can not be traversed by contrary evidence. A presump- tion "jwis" (of law) is one established in law until the contrary is proved. A presumption "homines vel jitdieis" (of the man or judge) is one which is not necessarily conclusive, though no proof to the contrary be adduced. Pre tend ant. Pre tend eut (pre-fc&nd'ant, pre-tend ent), n. [Fr. pretendant, pr. par. of pr6t entire = to pretend.] One who pretends, a claimant. "The provisional possession of the two pre- tendents."—Wolton: Remains, p. 280. Pre tense (pre-tense7), n. Syn.— Pretense, Pretext. The jrrete use and pretext alike consist of what is unreal; but the former is not so great a violation of truth as the latter; the pretense may consist of truth and falsehood blended; the pre- text consists altogether of falsehood; t\\Q pretense may sometimes serve only to conceal or palliate a fault; the pretext serves to hide something se- riously culpable or wicked.—Crabb: Eng. Syno- nyms. Pre tensed (pre-t6nsed7), a. [06s.] 1. In- tended, designed, "Further if they can their pretensed enter- prise."— Hall: Henry VII, fo. 6. Ji. Pretended. "Pretensed synods and convocations."—Stapyl- ton. ' Pre ten tious (pre-tSn'tious), a. [Fr. prSten- tieux.] Full of pretension; attempting or char- acterized by a desire to pass for more than the reality is worth; having only a superficial claim to excellence; characterized by or indicative of presumption or arrogance. Pi*e ten tious ly (pre-ten7tious-ly)» adv. In a pretentious manner or degree; with a desire to pass for more than the reality is worth. Pre ten tious ness (pre-t6n'tious-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being pretentious; false assumption of excellence or superiority. Pre ter liu mail (preter-hu7 man), a. [Pref. preferand Eng. human. \ Beyond the human; superhuman. Pi •e te ri ent (pre-te'ri-ent), a. [Lat. prcete- riens, pr. par. of prodtereo—\>o pass by.] Past through; anterior, previous. "The faculty of remembering all the actions of itsprceterient states."—Observer, No. 9. Pret er ist, Pre ter ist (pr6t'er-lst, pre'ter- ist), n. One who has most regard to the past; one whose deepest interest pertains to the past. Preterite, Preterite (pret'er-ite, preter- ite), n. 1. The past; past time or things. [O&s.] {Gram.) That tense or modification of a verb which signifies past time, or expresses ac- tion or existence perfectly past and finished. Pret er ite ness. Pre ter ite ness (pr6t;- er-Ite-ness, pre'ter-ite-ness), n. The quality or state of being past. Pre ter nat u ral (pre'ter-n&tf'u-ral), a. Syn. —See Supernatural. Pre ter vec tion (pre'ter-vSc^tion), n. [Lat proetervectio, from prcetervectus, pa. par. of prceterveho—to carry by or beyond.] The act or process of carrying past or beyond. Pre text (pre-text7 or pre't6xt), n. Syn.—See Pretense. Pre tib i al (pr6-tib'I-al), n. [Pref. pre-, and Eng. tibial.] {Anat.) Placed in front of the tibia. Pre ton ic (pre-ton'ic), a. Place before a tone. Pre to ri um (pre-to'rl-um), n. The same as Prjetorium. Pre tor ture (pre-tCr'ture), v. t. To torture beforehand or previously. '"'"Pretorturing of many whom afterward they put to death."—Fuller: Church Hist., VIII, ii, 11. Pret ty (prIt7ty)-» n. Syn.—See Handsome. Pret ty ism (prlt7ty-]zm), n. Affected pretti- ness of manner, style, or the like. Pre vail ing (pre-vail'Ing), n. Syn.—Prevail- ing, Prevalent. Prevailing and prevalent are used both of moral and physical influences; but prevailing lends itself more readily to the for- mer, prevalent to the latter; as, the prevailing feel- ing in a community; a prevalent disease. The noun prevalence seems equally applicable to both. Pre arar i cate (pre-v&ri-cate), v. i. Syn.—See Evade. Pre vent (pre-vSnt'), v. t. Syn. — Prevent, Hinder. To be prevented is to be kept from ad- vancing by something that comes in the way; we are hindered from proceeding by that which keeps us back. When we are prevented we can not ad- vance a step; but when we are hindered we do not wholly cease from action; as, "Sickness prevented him from taking the journey;" "He was much hindered from working by visitors."—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Pre vent a bil i tyr (pre-v6nt 'a-bll'l-ty) n. The quality or state of being preventable; capableness of being prevented. Pre vent a tive (pre-v6nt'a-tive), n. A word incorrectly used for Preventive. Pre vent er (pre-v6nt'er), n. (Naut.) An ad- ditional rope, spar, chain, or bolt, as a support, stay, or substitute. A supplementary or auxil- iary rope to support a spar, stay, etc., in a gale or in action. Pre Vise (pre-vlse'), v. t. [Lat. prcevisus, pa. par. of prcevideo = to see before; pace=before, and video = to see.] To see beforehand, to foresee. Pri al (pri7al), n. The same as Pair-royal. Pri a pe ail (prl'a-pe^an), n. [Lat. priapeia, = a collection of poems upon Priapus by differ- ent authors.] A kind of hexameter verse, con- sisting of two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in the first and fourth feet, and an amphimacer in the third. Price (pri (pro-nun'shi-a-tor-y), a. Of or relating to pronunciation. Proof arm (proof arm), v. t. To arm so as to make paoof or secure. Pro pse deu tic, '*ro pse den tic al (pro'p®- deu tic, pro pae-deti^tie-al), a. [Gr. 7rpo7rai6euTi/c6s (.propaideutikos), from irponatfievw (propaideuo) =to teach beforehand: ttpo (pro) =before, and naiSevcii (paideud) =to teach; iraiq (pais) genit. 7ratSo5 ipaidos) = a child.] Of or pertaining to propedeutics or the introduction to any art or science; acting or serving as an introduction to any art or science: instructing beforehand. Pro pense ly (pro-pense'ly), adv. In a pro- pense manner; with natural tendency or inclina- tion. "Is there no difference betwixt one propensely going out of the road, and a hapless wanderer straying by delusion?"—Sterne: Sermons, No. xviii. Pro pense ness (pro-pSnse'nSss), n. The quality or state of being propense; propensity; natural tendency; proneness. IRare.] "There is a propenseness to diseases in the body. "—Donne: Devotions, p. 673. Prop er (prtip'er), adv. Properly, greatly, very, exceedingly; as, proper good. [Colloq. and Vul- gar.] Prop er ate (prdp'er-ate), v.t.andi. [Lat. propertus, pa. par. of propero=to hasten.] To hasten, to hurry. [Obs. ] "Awhile to keep off death which properates." Vicars: Translation of Virgil. Prop er a tion (pr6per-a/7tion), n. [Lat. prop- eration from properatus, pa. par. of propero—to hasten.] The act or state of hastening; haste. [06s.] "There is great preparation of this banquet, properation to eat it."—Adams: Works,i, 216. Prop er ty (prop'er-ty ), n. Property-man: (Theat.) The man in charge of the properties. "The thunders are supplied by the property- man."—Emerson: English Traits, ch. xiii. Property-qualification: A qualification for fill- ing certain offices, founded on one's possessing property of certain aggregate or annual value. Pro phet ic al i ty (pro-phSt'ie-aWI-ty), n. The quality or state of being prophetic; prophet- icalness. [.Rare.] Pro pliet ic al ness (pro-phSt'ie-al-nSss), n. The quality or state of being prophetic; capabil- ity of foretelling. Prop i tlie ens (prop'i-the^eus), n. [Pref. pro-, and Lat. pithecus.] (Zool.) A genus of the old family Lemuridse, founded by Bennett, m 1832, now merged in lndris. It embraced those forms of lndris which possess a tail. Pro pi ti ate (pro-pi'shi-ate), v. i. To make propitiation or atonement. "Of human victims, offered up to appease Or to propitiate.'''' Wordsworth: Excursion, bk. ix. Pro pi tious (pro-pish iis), a. Syn.—Propi- tious, Auspicious. Auspicious is said only of things-, propitious is said only of persons, or things personified. Those things are ausjjicious which are casual, or only indicative of good; persons are propitious to the wishes of others who listen to their requests and contribute to their satisfac- tion. A journey is undertaken under auspicious circumstances, where everything incidental, as weather, society and the like, bid fair to afford pleasure; it is undertaken under propitious cir- cumstances when everything favors the attain- ment of the object for which it was begun.— Crabb. Eng. Synonyms. Pro pi as tic (pro-pias'tie), a Having the form of a mold or cast. Pro pone (pro-pone7), v. t. [Lat. propono, to set forth: pro—forwara, and pono—to set.] To put forward; to propose, to propound. [06s.] "Your highness had by your oratours proponed certain off res."—State Papers: Wolsey to Henry VIII (1527). Pro por tion (pro-pOr;tion), n. Rhythmical proportion: (Mus.) The proportion in relation to time or measure between different notes rep- resenting durations; thus, the semibreve is to the minim as 2:1, the semibreve to the crochet as 4: 1. Simple proportion: The relation of equal- ity subsisting between two ratios.. Pro por tion al (.pro-pOrtion-al), a. Propor- tional compasses: Compasses or dividers with two pairs of opposite legs, turning on a common point, so that the distances between the points, in the two pairs of legs, is proportional. They are generally constructed with a groove in each leg, so that they may be set to any ratio. They are used in reducing or enlarging drawings accord- ing to any given scale. Proportional-logarithms: TSee Logistic-Logarithms.] Proportion-scale:(a) A scale on which are marked parts proportional to the logarithms of the natural numbers. They are used in rough computations and for solving problems graphically, the solution of which re- quires the aid of logarithms. , (6) A scale for preserving the proportions of drawings or parts when changing their size. Pro por tion ment (pro-pOr'tion-mSnt), n The act of proportioning or making proportional. Pro pos al (pro-pos'al), n. Syn.—Proposal, Proposition. Proposal comes from propose, in the sense of offer: proposition comes from pro- pose, in the sense of setting down in a distinct form of words. We make a proposal to a person to enter into a partnership with him; we make a proposition to one who is at variance with us to settle the difference by arbitration.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Pro pri e ta ry (pro-prl'e-ta-ryO, n. A book or list of proprietors collectively; the whole body of proprietors: as, the proprietary of a county. Pro pri e tor i al (pro-pr^e-tor^I-al), a. Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary. "Proprietorial rights which have been im- planted in the Irish soil."—London Daily Tele- graph, Feb. 2, 1886. Props (props), n. A gambler's game, played with four shells. Pro rec tor (prO-r&c'tor), n. [Pref. pro-, and Eng. rector.'] An officer in a German university, who presides in the senate or academic court. Pro rec tor ate (pro-rSe'tor-ate), ' n. The office of a prorector. Pro rogue (pro-rog'), v. t. Syn.—Prorogue, Adjourn. Prorogue is a legislative term, and only applied to national legislative assemblies. Adjourn is employed of ordinary deliberative meetings, as, the parliament was prorogued; the meeting adjourned.—Fallows' Synonyms Dis- criminated. Pro sai cism (pro-§a'i-5i§m), n. The character of prose; prosaic style. "Through this species of prosaicism—E. A. Poe: Marginalia, xxviii. Pro Script (pro script), n. [Lat. proscriptus, pa. par. of proscribo = to proscribe (q. v.).] 1. One who is proscribed. "Each proscript rose and stood From kneeling in the ashen dust." D. G. Rossetti: Dante of Verona, 2. A proscription, an interdiction. Pro scrip tion al (pro-sciip'tion-al"), a. Per- taining to proscription; proscriptive. Prose (prO§e), a. 1. Relating to, or consisting of, prose; written in prose; not metrical or poetic; prosaic; as, a prose sketch. 2. Using, or writing in, prose; as, a prose writer. 3. Dull, commonplace, prosaic. Pros e cut a ble (pros'-'e-cut'a-ble), a. Th^ may be prosecuted; open to prosecution. Pros e cu trix (pros^e-eci'trix), n. A" fema^, who prosecutes. Pros e lyte (prds'e-lyte), n. Syn.—See Con- vert. Prose man (prOse'man), n. A writer of prose. [Rare.] Pro sil i en cy (pro-sll'i-en-^y), n> [Lat. prosi- liens, pr. par. of %>rosilio=to leap forward: pro= forward, and salio (in comp. -silio)=to leap.} The act of leaping or springing forward; projec- tion.—Coleridge. Pros i ly (pro§'I-ly), adv. In a prosy manner, or tedious; tediously, tiresomely. Pros i met ric al (pros'i-met^rle-al), a. [Eng. prosy, and metrical.'] Containing both prose and verse. Pros i ness (pros'i-n&ss), n. The property or state of being prosy. Pros o cli a cal (pi os/o-dl//a-cal), a. Pertaining or relating to prosody; prosodical. Pros o di a cal ly (prds'o-di^a-eal-ly), adv. In a prosodiacal manner; according to the rules of prosody. Pros pect (pr6s'p6ct), v. t. (Mining) To ex- amine or explore, in search of gold or silver. "I shall be able to spare time for prospecting other parts of the company's property."—Money Market Review, Feb. 20, 1886, p. 326. Pros per ous (prds'per-otis), a. Syn.—See Fortunate. Pros pliy SiS (pr6s;phy-sis, pi. prds'phy-seg), n. [Gr. irp6o-v(0 (prosphuo)—to caus6 to grow to: irp6vu> (phuo)=to bring forth.] 1. (Bot.} PI. Ehrart's name for the pistillidia of Mosses. 2. (Med.) A morbid adhesion or growing to- gether of certain parts, as the eyelids to each other.—Dunglison. Pros tate (prostate), n. (Anat.) The prostate gland. Pro sta*t ic (pro-st&t'ie), a. Pertaining or re- lating to the prostate gland: as, prostatic ducts. Pros tib U lous (prds-tib'u-loiis), a. [Lat. prostibulum=& prostitute.] Pertaining to pros- titution; meretricious; fornicating. [06s.] "The advowterous cardinals, the prostibulous prelates and priests."—Bale: Image, p. 11. Pros trate (pros'trate), a. (Bot.) Lying flat upon the ground; procumbent. Protagonist (prO-tag'on-ist), n. [Gr. 7rpw- TayuiVLaTrji; (protagonistes), from irpSnos (protos) =first, and aywi/io-r^s (agonistes)—an actor.] 1. (Greek Drama) The leading character or actor in a play. "Behind v/hose mask the protagonist spoke during the play."—Donaldson: Theatre of the Greeks, p. 108. » 2. A leading character generally. "To take his place in history for all time a» one of its foremost protagonists."—London Daily Telegraph, Dec. 2, 1885, Pro te an ly (pro'te-an-l^), adv. In a protean manner; with the assumption of many shapes. "Proteanly transformed into different shapes.'* —Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 36. Pro tect (pro-teet7), v. t. Syn.—See Defend. Notation: ft, 6,1, 0, tl, f, long; a, 6,1, 6, ft, f, short; cftre, fftr, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fQrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, litjk; th as in thine. •On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PROTECTION 008 PSYCHIATRIA Pro tec tfoil (pro-tee tion), n. Writ of protec- tion: (Law) A writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, juror, etc., to protect him against arrest for a certain time. Pi •O tec tor al (pro-tee tor-al), «. Pertaining or relating to a protector; protectorial. "Th ) representative system and the protectoral power."—Godwin: Mandeville, i, 225. Pro te 111 a ceous (pro te-In-a shous). a. Re- lating to protein; containing or consisting of protein. Pro te i nous (pro-te 1-nous), a. The same as PltOTEINACKOLS. Pi •O te les i pro te-le§), n. [Pref. pro-, and Gr. reAr/et? [relc<-is) = complete, because the lore feet are pentadactyle, as in the Canula1, while in the Hyenas they are tetradactyle. — D'Orbigny.] (Zool.) Aard-wolf; Proteles lalandii, an aberrant form, constituting the family Protolidie, a c n- necting link between the Yiveiridce and tne llya3- Didse. It is about the size of a full-grown fox; hyena-like in color, with dark-brown stripes and a black muzzle. It resembles the tox m habits, and feeds 011 ants and carrion. It was discovered and described by Sparman, about 1725, rediscov- ered by Delidande, and the genus was founded by Isidore Geoffroy St. Hi!Hire. Pro ten sive (pro-ten'sive), a. [Lat. pro- tens(us), pa. par. of = to protend.J Drawn out, pro.onged, extended, continued.—Sir W. Hamilton. Prot es tail cy (prot'es-tan-yy), n. Protestant- ism. f Rare, j "What miserable subdivisions are there in our prot est a ncy." —Bp. Hall: Quo Vadisf ij 16. Prot CS taut ic al Q:>r6i eas-taut ic-ai), a. Prot- estant. [O/av.] "The 2>rotestantical Church of England.'1— Bacon: Observations on a Libel. Pro tlia la mi on. Pro tlia la mi um (pro - tha-la' mi-on, pro tha-la 'mi-urn), n. [Gr. ttpo \pro) = before, and 66.kap.os (thalamos) = the mar- riage-bed.] A song addressed to, or in honor of, the bride and bridegroom, with which the mar- riage ceremonies opened. "Poets w7rote prothalamiuyns in their praise." Drayton: The Masteries of Queen Margaret. Protli e sis (protli e-sis), n. The same as Prosthesis. Pro to-, Prot-, pref. [Gr. 7rpa>T09 (protos) = first.] 1. A prefex used to express priority: as, j/roio-martyr, etc. !£. (Cliem.) A prefix originally used to denote the first of a series of binary compounds ar- ranged according to the number of atoms of the electronegative element. At present it is used to designate that compound in a series which contains one atom of the electronegative ele- ment. Pro to col (prO'to-eol), v. t. To draw up proto- cols or first drafts. "Serene Highnesses who sat there protocol- ling."—Carlyle: French Revolt pt. ii, bk. vi, ch. iii. Pi •O to col (.prO'to-eol), v. t. To make a protocol of; to enter on a protocol. Pro to phyte (pro'to-phyte), n. [Protophyta.] Any individual of the Protophyta. Pro tox icle (prO-tox Ide), n. [Pref. prot-, and Eng. oxide.'] (Chem.) When a metal forms more than one oxide, thg one containing the least pro- portion of oxygen is called the protoxide. ^'Protoxide of copper — Melaconite; protoxide r f nickel = Bunsenite; xjrotoxide of zinc — Zincite; protoxide of lead—Massicot. Pro tox i dize (pro-tox7i-dize), v. t. (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, in the proportion of one equivalent of oxygen and one of any ele- mentary substance. Pro to zo ic (pro'to-zo77ie), a. 1. (Geol.) Of or belonging to the strata in which, or to the time when, life first appeared. "The iirotozoic, or first era of life."—Murchi- son: Siluria (ed. 1854), p. 11. 2. (Zool.) Relating or belonging to the Proto- zoa (q. v.). Protract (pro-trftct'), v. t. (Surv.) To plot; to draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of by means of a scale and protractor. Pro tract eel (pro-tract ed), p. a. Protractcd- meeting: A religious meeting protracted or con- tinued for several days. [ U. S. ] •Pro trac tor (pro-tr&e'tor), n. 1 .(Surg.) An instrument, resembling a pair of forceps, for drawing extraneous bodies out of a wound. 2. (Tailoring) An adjustable, expansible tail- or's pattern. Pro tu her ail cy (pro-ta7ber-an-<$)i n. Protu- berance. Proud flesh (proud'fl6sh), n. (Med.) A fun- gous growth or fleshy excrescence arising in wounds or ulcers. "The sores had generated proud-flesh."—Lon- don Daily Telegraphy Nov. 20, 1885. Proud ish (proud ish), a. Inclined to be proud, rather proud. [Rare.J Proud ii ess (proud 'ness), n. The quality or condition of being proud; pride. "Set aside ail arrogancy and iwoudness."— Latimer: Second Sermon on the Lord's Prayer. Pi'OV a bie uess (prov'a-ble-ness), n. The quality or state of being provable; capability of being proved. Prov ant (prov'ant), a. Provided for the use or' the general body of soldiers; hence, of inferior quality; inferior, common. "A knave . . . with a prov ant sword Will slash your scarlet." Massinger: Maid of Honor, i, 1. Provant-master: A person who supplied clothes for the soldiers. Pi •ov ant (prov'ant), v. t. To supply with food or necessaries; to victual. [o/>s.] "To provant and victual this monstrous army of strangers."—Nasli: Lenten Stuff'. Pi 'o vect i pro-vect j, a. [ Lat. provectus, pa. par. of proveho — to carry forward; pro — forth, for- ward, and veho—to carry.] Carried or brought forward; advanced. [OOs.]— Sir T. Elyot: The Governor, bk. i. Prov erb ( prov'erb), v. i. To uttar proverbs; t > speak in proverbs. "All their pains taken to seem so wise in prov- erbing serve but to conclude them downright siaves."—Milton: Articles of Peace. Prov i dent ness (prtiv i-dent-ness), n. The quality or condition of being provident; provi- uence, foresight, prudence. "Providentness, good heede-giving."—Aschatn: Toxophilus, bk. i. Pi ■o vi sor i ly (pro-vi'sor-l-ly), adv. In a pro- visory manner; conditionally; with a proviso. Pro vi sor ship (pro-vi sor-ship), n. The office of a provisor. "Pray let me entreat for The provisorship of your horse." Webster: Duchess of Malfy, i, 2. Pro VOC a tor y (pro-voc a-tor-J-), a. [Lat.. provocatorius.] Causing provocation or excite- ment; provocative. Pro voke (pro-voke7), v. t. Syn.—See Excite. Pro voke ment (pro-voke m6nt), n. Provo- cation. [Obs.] "The excellency of her beauty was no pro- vokement to him."—Brende: Quintus Curtius, fol. 81. Prox (prox), n. [A contract, of proxy.] A ticket or list of candidates at elections, presented to voters for their votes. [Rhode Island.] Prox en et (pr6x'en-6t), n. (Fr. prox&nets; Lat. proxeneta, from Gr. Trpo£evr)Tr)<; (proxenctes), from ttpo£eveio (proxeneo) — to act as a proxene (q. v.).J A go-between, a negotiator. [06s.] " He being the commonproxenet or contractor of all natural matches."—More: Immort. of the Soul, pt. iii, bk. iii, ch. xiii. Pi •ox i mo (prox l-mo), n. [Lat. masc. and neut. ablative of Lat. proximus—the next.] The month which succeeds the present. Often con- tracted to prox.: as, I shall come on the 10th prox. Prox y (prox y)? To vote or act by proxy or by the agency of another. [Rare.] Prudence (pru'den^e), n. Syn.—See Wisdom. Pru den tial (pru-d6n shal), n. A matter re- quiring prudence or discretion. — Watts. Pru den tial ist (pru-dSn'shal-lst), n. ■ One who is actuated or governed by prudential mo- tives. Pru i nate (pru7l-nate), a. Pruinous. Pru liel la (pru-nel7la), n. [Mod. Lat. brunella, from Ger. braiine—the quinsy (?).] 1. (Bot.) Self-heal; a genus of Scutellare (Lindley) of Stachydese (Sir J. Hooker). Known species, three; one, Prunella vulgaris, Common Self-heal, is common in moist and barren pastures; the flowers, which are densely whorled, are violet blue. It is a febrifuge. (Pathol.) (a) The disease called thrush, wThich affects the mouth, lips, and intestinal canal. (b) Sore throat, (c) A disease characterized by severe pain in the region of the sternum, extend- ing toward the arms, and accompanied by a feeling of suffocation ; often connected with heart disease. 3. (Anat.) The pupil of the eye. Pru ten ic (pru-ten7Ic), a. [Lat. Prutenicus.'] Prussian; a term applied to certain astronomical tables published by liimbold in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of Coperni- cus. "To perfect such Prutenic tables."—Milton: Doctrine of Divorce, ch. i. Pry ing (pry ing), p. a. Syn.—Prying, In- quisitive, Curious. The curious person is eager for information generally, or for the pos- session of it in any one of many ways, as in problems of nature, art, or science, as well as ef- fects and causes of little or no importance or concern to himself. He is inquisitive who busies himself with inquiries on a small scale of no intrinsic importance or of little concern to himself. The prying man uses his own powers of observation, rather than questions put to others, for the purpose of discovering their secret affairs from a puerile or low-minded curiosity. Prytb ee (pryth'ee). The same as Prithee. Psalm is try (s&mist-ry), n. The act of sing- ing psalms, psalmody; the use of jjsalms in devo- tion.—Milton. Psal mo dize (s&l'mo-dize), v. i. To sing psalms; to practice psalmody.—Cooper: Ver-vfrt% c. ii. Psal liio grapli (sftrmo-gr&ph), n. A writer or composer of psalms or sacred songs or hymns; a psalmist. "Following the saying of king.David the psal- mograph-Fox: Martyrs, p. 149 (an. 1056 I. Pse pllisill ( se fizm), n. [Gr. (pse- phisma) from (psephizo) — to vote by pebbles: (pseplios) = a pebble, a round stone, and v//aw (psad) = to rub.] (Greek Antiq.) A public vote of the people of Athens, given by means of pebbles; a decree or statute enacted by su' h vote. Pseu de pig ra phous (su'de-pig/7ra-fus), a. [Gr.i//ev6e7r<.ypa.$09 ( pseudepigrapJi os ),from \jjev8rjg (jjseudes) = ta se, and eptypau} (epigraphd) = to inscribe.] Inscribed with a false name; falsely or wrongly ascribed. "To conclude the Orphic poems to have been pse udepigraphous.'1—Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 296. Pseu do bulb psea'do-bulb), n. (Bot.) A stem like a bulb. Example, the thickened aerial stem of some orchids. Pseu dol o gist (psea-ddro-glst), n. A retailer of falsehood; a liar. Pseu do nym (pseu7do-nym), n. [Fr. pseu- donyme, from Gr. \jjev8u)vvfxo<; (pseudonumos) = called by a false name: if/euSos (pseudos) — a falsehood, and bvop.a (onoma) = a name ] A false, feigned, or fictitious name; a nom-de-plume. Pseud O scope (psead'o-seope), n. [Pref. pseudo-, and Gr. 7ro? (anthrdpos) — a man.] The doctrine of the mere human existence of Christ. Psi lo- (psi'lo-), pref. [Gr. (psilos) = naked.] Naked, bare, mere. Psi lol O gy (psl-lol o-gy), n. [Pref. psilo-, and Gr. Aoyos (logos) = a word, speech.] Love of, or inclination for, idle t-alK.— Coleridge. Pso ri a sis (i so-ri7a-sIs), n. [Gr. i^wptatrt? (psoriasis) = a being itchy or mangy; i//ajpidw (psoriao) = to have the itch.] [Psora.] (Pathol.) A cutaneous disease — the scaly tetter. The rete mucosum. and the contiguous surface of the cutis are inflamed; and there is a secretion of an unhealthy epidermis forming itself inro scales, which < xfoliate, and are again and again renewed. It is often hereditary, and is akin to lepra. Psych", Psy eho- (slk, si'ko),pref. [Gr. ^vxn, the soul.] Pertaining to the soul or the mind. Psy die (si7ke), n. A kind of dressing glas . Psy chi a ter (psy-ehl7a-ter), n. [Pref. psych-, and Gr. larpos (iatros) = a physician ] One who gives treatment for diseases of the mind. Psy clii a tri a, Psy chi a try (psy'cm- Notation: a, e, l, 0, tx, y, long; a, e, i, 6, 6, f, short; cftre, far, l&st, fall, what; th&re, veil, t&rm; pique, firm; done, f5r, dg, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; Qh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; el as in lioger, link; th as in thine. gfr-on this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PSYCHIC 609 PULLEY a-trl 'a, psy-chi a-try), n. Medical treatment of diseases of the n.md. Psy oil it'. Psy <• hie al (psy chic, psy ehic-al), a-. [Lat. psychu-ns; Gr. i/zuxoco? {psuchikos i, from ^/vx_v ipsuche) — the soul; Fr. psychiqne.] 1. Relating or pertaining to the human soul, 'spirit, or mind; p.-ychok)L ii ai. " j he psych ical condition o the babe or child." —Foster: Physiol, (ed. 4th , 687. &. Kelat-ing to analogous phenomena in the low„-*r animals. —Owen: Anat. Invert. Psy chics ( p-y chics), n. Psychology. Psy clio pan. Iiy Cliism (psy ehO-parr'ny- ehi.srn i, n. [Pref. psycho-; Gr. iras (pas), neut. ■rrav [ j mi it) — all, and vv£ (mix) night.] The doctrine or belief that the soul falls asleep at death, and doe^ not wake until the body is resur- rected. Pwy clu'o met rie. Psy clu o met ri cal (psy ehro-met7 ric, psy chro-met 'rle-al a. Of, or pertaining to, a psychrometer; ascertained by psychrometry; hygrometrical. Psy ('lii'oiii e try (psy-ehrom'e-try, n. Hy- gronietry. Psy cliro pbo bi a (psy'ehro-pho bi-a), n. [Gr. i|/u\po9 {psuchros) — cold, and o/3o? (phobos) — fear. J Fear of cold, particularly of cold water; impressibility to cold. Psy oh tit* i psych tic i, n. [Fr. psychtique, from Gr. \f/v(ct 1K09 i psuktikos) = cooling, from \pv\pos (psuchroa)— cold.] A cooling medicine. Ptar iilie (ptarmic), n. A sternutatory; a medicine to induce sneezing. Pter i- ("t£r i-"i, prefix. See Ptero. Pter i do maiii a (ter'i-do-ma ni-a),n. [Gr. mepis (pteris !, genit. irrepiSos (pteridos) = a fern, and Eng. mania.] A mania or rage for ferns. [Rare.] Pter o-, Pter i-. Pter- (ter'o, tSr'I, t6r-), pref. [Gr. TTTepov ipteron) — awing, a feather.] A pre- fix used in scientific compounds=having wings or wing-like ijrocesses; winged. Pter oi>li or us (ter-dpli or-tis), n. Gr. irrepo- 4>opo<; \ pterophoros) — feathered: pref. jjtero-, and vat in which goods are boiled in an alkaline solution. 3. (Ichth.) The Globe-fish. Puff er y (niiff'er-^), n. The act of puffing; ex- aggerated or extravagant praise.—Southey: Let- ters■, iv, 63. Pug (ptig), n. 1. Used as a term of intimacy, good fellowship, or endearment. [06s.] 2. A salmon in its third year.—Harrison: Descript. Eng., bk. iii, ch. iii. 3. A prostitute, a strumpet.—Cotgrave. 4. Clu.ff; the refuse of grain.— Holland. Pugging(pu.~ gmg i, n. 1. Stuff iaid on par-.~ tition-wails to de-den sound; felt, sawdust, tan- bark . The act of tamping or stopping with clay;- puddling. 3. Grinding of clay,with a sufficiency of water to render it plastic. Pug mill (pug mill), n. A mill by which clay is worked, to blend its materials and render it plastic, for bricks or pottery. It has an upright cylinder armed with intruding blades, and an up- i ight revolving axis armed with radial blades,. wLk'h work in the intervals of the former. The blades force the clay constantly downward to- ward the exit. Puis ne (pu'nj7)* n. An inferior, a junior; spe- cif. (Law), a judge of inferior rank.—Bp. Hall: Da rid and Goliath. Puis iiy (pu ny), «• Puisne. [Rare.] Pu is sant ness (pu is-sant-ness, or pu-I--/sant- ness), /(. Puissance.—Aseham: Affairs of Ger-• many, p. 3. Puit (puit),n. [Fr. puits, from Lat. puteus.~\ A- well, a spring, a fountain. [06s.] Pul er (pul er), n. One who whines; a whim- perer. "If she be pale in complexion, she will prove- but a 2>aZer."—Man in the Moon, sig. G. Pu lex (pu lex), ri. [Lat.=a flea.] (Entom.) The typical genus of the Pulicidae (q. v.). Ger»- vais enumerated twenty-five species; most o# them are confined to one animal. Pulex irri- tans or hominis is the common flea; P. or Sar- copsylla penetrans, the Chigre; P. felis is the- cats' fie; ; P. cards that of the dog and fox; P. gallince the fowls' flea; P. eolumbce the pigeons' flea. Pu li cene (pt^li-cene), a, [Lat. pulex, genit. pulicis=&flea.] Pertaining or relating to fleas;- pulicous. Pulk (ptilk), n. [Etym. doubtful.] 1. A pond* or pool. [Prov. Eng.] "It is easy for a woman to go to a pond or pulke standing near to her door."—Rogers: Naw man the Syrian, p. 842. A cowardly person. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A fat or pudgy person. [Prov. Eng.] Pull (pitll), v. t. To pull up stakes: To change one's residence; to remove. \ U. it eer, pul pit er (pul plt-ee^ , pul'- plt-er), n. A term of contempt for a preacher. " What ails this pragmatical pulpiteer thus to talk of government?"—South: Sermons, vol. vi, ser. 2. Pul pit ic al (pul-pit ic-al), a. Of, or pertain- ing to, a pulpit; adapted to a pulpit. [Rare.] Pulse glass (pulse glass), n. An instrument invented by Franklin to exhibit the ebullition of liquids at low temperatures. The bulbs are con- nected by a slender stem and partially charged with water, the supernatant air having been expelled by boiling, and the opening hermetically sealed by a blowpipe. By grasping one of the bulbs the heat of the hand will cause a formation of vapor and drive the liquid into the other bulb, producing a violent ebullition in the latter. Pul Sif* ic (ptil-siflc), n. (Med.) A medicine which acts on the pulse and makes it beat stronger. Pul Sim e ter (pftl-sim'e-ter), n. A sphygmom- eter (q. v.). Pu lu ( pu lu), n. [Hawaian.] A vegetable silk; a yellow fiber, like that of cotton, but shorter, weaker, and more elastic; imported into Europe from Hawaii since 1844. It is used for stuffing mattresses, as a styptic, etc. Pill Ter a ceous (pul'ver-a^shtis), a. [Lat. pulvis, genit. pulveris = dust; Eng. adj. suff. -aceous.] Having a dusty or powdered surface; pulverulent. Pul vil lo, Pulvilio, Pul vil (pfil-viFU^piil- vll'i-O, piil-vil'), n. Sp. from Lat. pulvillos = a light cushion filled with perfumes, contract, from pulvinulus, dimin. from pulvinus = a cushion; pulvis = powder.] A sweet-scented powder, for- merly used as a perfume, and contained in a little bag. "The nauseous scents of their perfumes and pulvilios—Country Gentleman's Vade-mecum (1699). Pump (ptimp), v. t. To pump a ship: To free it from water by a pump. Pump ing (pumping), a. Pumping-engine: A steam pump. _ Pump room (ptimp'room), n, A room in con- nection with a mineral spring in which the waters are drunk. [Eng.] "The register of the distinguished visitors . . . will be at the pump-room this morning at two o'clock."—Dickens: Pickwick, ch. xxxv. Pull (ptin), v. t. [A, S. punian = to pound, to bruise; hence, to pun is to pound or bruise words to beat them into new senses.] To pound, to bruise. "He would pun thee into shivers with his fist." Shakesp.: Troilus and Cressida, ii, 1. Puncli (punch), n. Punch-pliers: An instru- ment or tool used by shoemakers, and for muti- lating tickets to prevent their being used a second time. One jaw has a hollow punch, and the other forms a flat die against which the punch operates. Punch, eon (punch'eon), n. 1. A slab of split timber, with the face smoothed with an ax or adz; used for making floors in former times. [17. Sf.] 2. (Stone-working) The punch of the mar- ble-worker. Puncli ing (pttnch'Ing), n. Punching-bear or machine: A machine for making holes in sheet- metal. Punc tic u lar (pfioe-tle'fc-lar), a. [Lat. punc- tum = a point.] Comprised in a point; a mere point as to size. [06s. and Rare.] "The puncticular originals of periwinkles and gnats."—Browne: Urn Burial, ch. iii. Punc tu a tor (pune^tti-a'tor), n. One who punctuates; a punctuist. Punc tum( piine'ttim), n. [Lat.] A point. Punctum-ccecum: (Anat.) A circular spot on the retina on which the rays of light produce no im- pression. The diameter of the punctum ccecum is one-seventh the diameter oi the eye; its situation is just where the optic nerve seems to expand in the interior of the eye. Pun gence (piin'genge), n. Pungency. [Rare.] Pun gent ly (pun'gent-ljf), adv. In a pungent, sharp, or biting manner. Pun gled (pun'gled), a. [Etym, doubtful.] Shriveled, dried up, shrunk; applied specif, to grain whose juices have been extracted by the in- sect Thrips cerealium. Pung y (pting'y), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A small sloop or shallop or a large sailboat. Punk ling (punk'llng), n. A young prostitute, a little strumpet. [06s. j "Squiring punks and punklings up and down the city."—Beaum. a7id Flet.: Martial Maid, ii, 1. Pun nol o gy (pun-ndl'o-gy), n. The art of making puns. [Rare.] Punt er (punt'er), n. One who propels or man- ages a punt; a puntsman. Pun to (pun'to), n. [Ital. and Sp., from Lat. punctum = a point (q. v.).] 1. A dot or point in music. 2. A thrust or pass in fencing. Punto dritto: (phr.) A direct point or hit. Punto reverso (or riverso): (phr.) A back-handed stroke. "Ah, the immortal passado! the punto reverso! the hay!"—Shakesp.: Romeo and Juliet, ii, 4. Puntsman (piints'man). n. One who manages a punt; specif., one who shoots wildfowl from a punt, "The puntsman followed every twist and turn." —Field, Dec. 19, 1885. Pun ty (pun'ty), n. The same as Pontee. Pup (pup), n. A name for a young seal. Pu pe lo (pu-pfi'lo), n. A kind of liquor called cider-brandy. [U &]—Bartlett. Pu pil (pu'pil), n. Pinhole pupil: (Pathol.) The pupil of the eye when so contracted that it is sug- gestive of a pinhole. It is nearly always con- nected with disease. Pu pi lar i ty (pU^pi-iar^i-ty), n. [Fr. pupilar- it6, from pupille — a pupil.] (Scots Law) The in- terval between birth and the age of puberty. Pu pil lar y, Pu pil ar y (pu pll-iar-y, pu- pll-ar-y), a. [Fr. pupillaire; Lat. pupillaris.] (Anat.) Belonging or pertaining to the pupil of the eye. Pupillary-membrane: (Anat.) A del- icate transparent membrane closing the pupil of the eye in the middle period of fetal life. Pup pet-valve (pup'pet-v&lve), n. (Mech.) A disc with a stem and vertical motion to and from its seat. Pur con (pttr'edn), n. [See def.] The native name for a priest of the Oriental fire-worshipers. Pure (pure), n. I. Dog's dung. "The name of Pure-finders has been applied to the men engaged in collecting dogs' dung from the public streets."—Mayhew: London Labor, ii, 158. 2. (Leather manuf.) A bath, consisting of a solution of dogs' and birds' dung, used to coun- teract the action of the lime used in unhairing. Pure-mathematics: See Mathematics. Pure ly (purely), adv. Very, wonderfully, re- markably. [Colloq.] "He has picked up again purely."—Gray: Cor- respondence of Gray and Mason, p. 288. Pur He (pftr'fle), v. t. 1. (Arch.) To decorate richly, as with sculpture. 2. (Her.) To border, as with ermines, etc. Pur ga to ri an (pftr'ga-to^rl-an), n. A believer in, or supporter of, the doctrine of purgatory. "With many Divines and all Purgatorians."— Boswell: Life of Johnson, iii, 193. Pur ging flax (p£tr'ging-fl&x), n. (Bot.) Li- num catharticum, a flax plant used in medicine as a cathartic. Pu ri fi ca tor (pti^rl-fi-ea'tor), n. [Lat. puri- flcatuSi pa. par. of purifico—to purify (q. v.).] One who or that which purifies; a purifier. Pur ism (pftr'igm), n. Affectation of exact pu- rity; specif., excessive nicety in the choice of words. "To evince the egregious folly of purism."— Fitzedward Hall: Modern English, p. 31. Pur kin je an (pur-kin'je-an j, a. Relating to, or discovered by, Purkinje. Perkinjean cells: (Anat.) Certain cells or corpuscles lying in a single layer between the outer and inner layers of the cortex of the cerebellum. Purkinjean figures: (Optics.) Figures produced on a wall of uniform color when a person entering a dark room with a candle moves it up and down ap- proximately on a level with the eyes. From the eye near the candle an image of the retinal ves- sels will appear projected on the wall. Purkin- jean-vesicle: The germinal vesicle of an egg. Purple (ptlr'ple), n. 1. A kind of shell-fish. 2. A plant belonging to the Orchid family. 3. (Med.) PI. A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin in different parts of the body, attended by much debility, and sometimes with hemorrhage from the nose, mouth, and vis- cera. Purple-heart: (Bot.) A tree of two spe- cies found in South America; purple-wood. Pur- ple-wood: A species of wood from the Brazils, the heart-wood of Copaifera publiflora and C. bracteata. It is a handsome wood of a rich plum color, very strong, durable, and elastic. It is imported in logs from eight to twelve inches square, and eight to ten feet long, principally used for ramrods, buhlwork, marquetry, and turnery. Called also Purple-heart. Pur port less (pttr'pOrt-lSss), a. Having no purport, meaning, or import; meaningless. Pur pose (ptlr'pose), v. i. 1. To discourse. [06s. J "She in merry sort Them gan to bord, and purpose diversely." Spenser: F. Q., II, xii, 16. 2. To intend, to design; to have intention or design. "Yet did I purpose as they do intreat." Shakesp.: Henry VI, iii, 2. Pur posed ly (pttr'posed-ly), adv. According to or with a purpose; purposely, designedly, in- tentionally, on purpose. "Driven either casually or purposedly." — North: Plutarch, p. 615. Pur pu ra (pftr'pu-ra), n. [Lat., a name given to many molluscs yielding a purple dye, and hence the dye itself. 1. (Zool.) A genus of Buccinidse, or molluscs; shell striated, imbri- cated, or tuberculated; spine short, aperture large, slightly notched in front, upper lip much worn and flattened. Many yield a dull crimson dye, formerly utilized. 2. (Pathol.) A peculiar unhealthy condition of the blood and tissues, evinced by purple spots, chiefly on the legs, due to unhealthy surround- ings, want of proper food, intemperance, and other depressing causes; it sometimes accom- panies chronic diseases. It may be simple or hemorrhagic, acute or chronic, and if uncompli- cated usually ends in recovery. Pur pu rate (pftr'pa-rate), a. [Purpura.] Connected with or pertaining to purpura. Pur pu re al (pur-pCt're-al), a. [Lat. purpureus.] Purple. "A light so mild, so powerful . . . Shed a purpureal halo round the scene." Shelley: Queen Mab, i. Pur ree (ptir'ree), n. [Hind. peori=yellow.] (Chem.) a yellow coloring matter imported from India and China, supposed to be obtained from the urine of camels, elephants, and buffa- loes. It is brown on the outside, of a deep orange color within, and is used in the prepara- tion of Indian yellow. Pur rock (pur'roek), n. The same as Puddock. Purse (pftrse), n. A specific sum ofmoney. In Egypt a purse consists of 500 tariff piasters, value about $25; in Persia, 50 tomans, value about $115. Purse crab (pftrse'er&b), n. (Zool.) A crab of the genus Birgus, found on the shores of the Indian Ocean. It sometimes climbs palm-trees to eat the fruit. _ Purse loom (pftrse'loom), n. A kind of loom for weaving purses. Purs er (pftrs'er), n. (Mining) The paymaster or cashier of a mine, and the official to whom notices of transfer are sent for registration in the cost-book. "To consist of not less than two nor more than four of the adventurers, one of whom should be the purser."—Times, March 23, 1886. Purs er ship (pfirs'er-ship), n. The office or position of a purser. Purs et (ptirs'et), n. A purse. Purs ive (pttrs'ive), a. The same as Pursy. [06s.] Pur su al (pur-sft'al), n. The act of pursuing; pursuance. [Rare.] Pur sue (pur-stie')* v. t. Syn.— See Follow. Pur sue (pur-saeO, v. i. (Law) To follow a matter judicially; to act as prosecutor. Pur su er (pur-stl'er), n. (Scots Law) One who institutes and insists in an ordinary action; a plaintiff, a prosecutor. Pur u lent ly (pftr'tl-lent-ly), adv. In a pur- ulent manner. Pu sane (pa'sane), n. [0. Fr.] (Anc. Arm.) The gorget, or a substitute for it. Pu sey ist ic, Pu sey ist ic al (pa'sey-ist/'- ie, pa'gey-ist^Ie-al), a. Of or belonging to Dr. Pusey or his followers; Tractarian (q. v.). Push (push), v. t. Syn.—Push, Shove, Thrust. All these words denote the giving an impulse to a body with more or less force, but differ as to the situation in which the impulse is given. Notation: a, ©, 1, 0, tl, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, % f, short; cftre, far, last, fa.ll, what; thfire, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fOr, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, ryde, __push; e, o, silent; g as s; gh as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. £*~0n this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.PUT 611 PYXIS Push and shove require the bodies which give and receive the impulse to be in contact: one person can not push or shove another without coming in direct personal contact with him. A body may be both pushed and shoved along, but in the former case this is effected by repeated pushes, and in the latter case by a continuation of the same act. To thrust, like push, is a single act; but thrusting is commonly performed by some instrument, as a pole, a stick, and the like.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Put (put), v. t. To offer to sell: as I put it to him at *10. [U. S.] Syn.—Put, Place, Lay, Set. Put is the most general of all these terms; place, lay, and set are but modes of putting; one puts things generally, but the way of putting is not defined; we may put a thing inio one's room, one's desk, one's pocket, and the like; but to place is to put in a specific manner, and for a specific purpose; one places a book on a shelf as a fixed place for it. To lay and set are still more specific than place; the former being applied only to such things as can be made to lie; and set only to such as can be made to stand: a book may be said to be laid on the table when placed in a downward position, and set on a shelf when placed on one end.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Put (put), v. i. To depart or leave quickly; to go in a hurry; as, He put for dear life. [Slang, U. S.I Pu te al (pu'te-al), n. [Lat., from puteus=a well. J The inclosure surrounding the opening of a well, to protect persons from falling into it. It was either round or square, from three to four feet high. Pu tery (pa'ter-jf), ra. Prostitution; whoredom, r Obs.] Pu tour (pu'tour), n.[ O Fr.] A whoremonger, a whoremuster. [Obs.J—Chaucer: Parsones Tale. Pu tre fac tive ness (ptt'tre-f&c^tive-nSss), n. The quality or condition of being putrefactive: decomposition. Pu tres ci ble (pu-tr^s'^I-ble), n. Anitrogen- ized body, which is liable to decomposition at certain temperatures, when exposed to the air and moisture. Pu tri lage (pft'tri-lage), n. [Lat. puter— putrid."] (Med.) The slough, dead matter, formed in ulcers and thrown off.—Dunglison. Put ter (putter), n. (Mining) One who pushes the small wagons in a mine, or the like. Put ter (put'ter), v. i. To idle, to dawdle, to potter. Put ty (ptit'ty), n. Putty-faced: Having a face resembling the pastiness or color of putty. Putty- powder: A pulverized oxide of tin sometimes mixed with oxide of lead. Putty powder is ex- tensively used in glass and marble works, and the best kinds are used for polishing plate. Putty-root: (Bot.) The viscid tuber of Aplectrum hyemale, an American orchid. It is used for cementing broken earthenware. Pu y (Pa y)i ft* The same as Pot. Puz zle (puz zle), v. t. Syn.—See Perplex. Pifz zle (puz zle), n. [For Mid. Eng. opposaile, opposal = a question for solution, from Fr. op- poser = to oppose, to question.] That which puzzles; a riddle; a toy or contrivance for exercis- ing the ingenuity. "The last puzzle propounded."—More: Antidote to Atheism, ch. xi. Pyc no- (pyc'no-), pref. [Gr. ttvkvos (pulcnos) = thick.] Thick, close; the meaning completed by the second element. Pyc no dont (pyc'no-dtfnt), n. [Pycnodontes.] (Paleon.) Any individual of the sub-order Pyc- nodontoidei, or fishes that had thick teeth. Notation; a, 6, l, 0, ft, ?, long; a, 6,1, 6, ft, f, shoi push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; (has Pyc no dont es (pyc'no-dont^es), n. pi. [Pref. pycno-, and Gr. oSovs (odous), genit. ooorros (odontos) = a tooth.] (Paleon.) A family of Owen's Lepidoganoidei. Pye bald (pye bald), a. Piebald. et (py'et), n. A magpie. Py oid (py oid), a. [Gr. ttvov (puon) = pus, and elSo? (eidos) = form, appearance.] Resembling pus; partaking of the nature of pus. Pyoid-cor- puscles: (Pathol., Physiol., etc.) Pus corpuscles, with a tolerably transparent envelope inclosing eight, ten, or more small globules.—Lebert. Py ral (py'ral), a. Pertaining or relating to a funeral pyre. "Unctuously constituted for the better pyral combustion."—Browne: Urn Burial, ch. iv. Py ranie (pe-r&m), n. [Fr.] A small-sized waier-spaniel. Py ram id al ly (py-r&m'id-al-ljn, adv. 1. In the form of a pyramid; like a pyramid. 2. By means of, or through the instrumentality of, a pyramid. "To be but pyramidally extaiit."—Browne: XJm Burial, ch. v. Pyr am oid (pyr'am-oid), a. Pyramidoid. p.v re na (py-r6/na), n. [Gr. Trvprjv (puren)— the stone of stone fruit.] (Bot.) The stone formed by the hardened endocarp of some fruits, as the drupe. Pyr e lie an (pyr'e-n^an), a. [See def.] Be- longing or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains separating France from Spain. Pyr he li om e ter (pyr-he'li-dm^e-ter), n. [Gr. 7-Op (pur)=fire; rjAto? (helios) = the sun, and (x-erpov (metron)=a measure.] An instrument in- vented by Pouillet for measuring the amount of heat radiated from the sun; an actinometer. Pyr i to lie dral (pyr/i-to-he//dral), a. (Crystal- log. ) Applied to crystal like pyrites in hemihe- dral modifications, the opposite planes of which are parallel, Pyr l tous (pyr'i-tofts), a. The same as Pyritic. Pyr o a cet Ic (pyr'o-a-G&f'ie), a. [Pref. pyro and Eng. acetic.] (Chem.) Derived from acetic acid by heat. Pyr o e lee trie (pyr/o-e-16c/7trie), a. and n. See Thermoelectric. Pyr o e lec trie i ty (pyr'o-e-lSc-tri^i-tt), n. [Pref. pyro-, and Eng. electricity.'] See Thermo- electricity. Pyr o gal lie (p^r'o-g&V'lic), a. [Pref. pyro-, and Eng. gallic.] Derived from gallic acid by heat. Pyrogallic acid: (Chem.) Pyrogallol. An acid, discovered by Scheele, who considered it sublimed gallic acid, and prepared it by heat- ing gallic acid in a stream of carbonic anhydride. It crystallizes in long flattened prisms, soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. Pyr O gen (pyr'o-gSn), n. 1. (Chem.) PI. Pyro-acids and other products of the action of heat on organic bodies.— Watts. 2. Electricity. [Rare.] Pyr o lig nic (ptr/o-lig//nIc), a. Pyroligneous. Py rom e trytpy-rdm'e-tr^), n. The act, art, or process of measuring degrees of heat; that branch of science which treats of the measure- ment of heat. Pyr o nom ies (pyr'o-nSm^Ies), n. [Pref. pyro-. and Gr. vo/xos (nomos) = a law.] The science of heat. Pyr o plior ic (p^r'o-phdr^Ie), a. Pertaining to or resembling pyrophorus. Py ropli yl lite, Pyr o pltyl lite (py-rdph'- yl-lite, pyr'o-phyl'lite), n. [Pref. pyro-, and Eng.phyllite.] (Min.) An orthorhombic mineral occurring in foliated and radiated lamellar masses, sometimes compact or cryptocrystalline, constituting schistose rocks. Pyr o so ma (pyr/o-so//ma), n. [Pref. pyro, t; c&re, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; plqu sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; and Gr. a-oi/xa (soma) = the bod^.] (Zool.) The sole genus of Pyrosomidse, a family of Tuni- cata, with three species. Animals, compound, free, and pelagic, ranging from two to fourteen inches in length, and from half an inch to three inches in circumference. They are brilliantly phosphorescent, and P^ron compared them to small incandescent cylinders of iron. (See Phil. Trans., 1-51, pp. 567-593.) Pyr o some (pyr;o-sOme), n. [Pyrosoma.] Any individual of the genus Pyrosoma (q. v.). Pyr o teeli ni an (pyr'o-tSeh^'ni-an), n. a pyrotechnist. Pyr o teeli ni cian (pyr'o-tSeh-nFcian), n. A pyrotechnist. Py rotli on ide (py-roth'on-ide), n. [Pref. pyro-, and Gr. bOovq (othone) = linen.] (Med.) An empyreumatic oil, produced by the combus- tion of hemp, linen, or cotton fabrics in a copper vessel. The brown product is acid, and its medical properties probably resemble those of creosote. Diluted with three or four times its weight of water it has been used as a gargle in quinsy. Called Paper-oil or Rag-oil, accord- ing to the material from which it is prepared. —Dunglison. Pyr o u rid (pyr'o-u^ric), a. [Pref. pyro-, and Eug. uric.] (Chem.) Derived from uric-acid by heat. Pyr rhi cist (p^r'rhi-slst), n. One who danced in the pyrrhic. Pyr rkite (pyr'rhlte), n. [Gr. irvppos (purrhos) = yellowish-red, or fire-liKe; suff. -ite (Min.).] (Min.) An isometric mineral, occurring in small octahedrons. Hardness, 6; luster, vitreous; color, orange-yellow; subtranslucent. Compos, be- lieved to be, from blowpipe trials, a columbate of zirconia colored by oxides of iron, etc. Found with lepidolite, orthoclase, albite, etc., near Mui;- sinsk, Urals, and with albite in the Azores. Pyr rlio ne an (pyr'rho-ne^an), a. [Lat. Pyr- rhoneus; Fr. Pyrrhonien.] Pertaining or relat- ing to Pyrrhonism. Pyr rlio tine, Pyr rlio tite (pyr'rho-tlne, pyr'rho-tite), n. [Gr. Trvpporris (purrhotes) = reddish; suff. -ine, -ite. (Min.).] (Min.) a mineral isomorphous with greenockite. Crystal- lization, hexagonal; cleavage, basal, perfect. Rarely crystallized. Compos.: mostly sulphur, 39.5; iron, 60.5=100. Frequently contains nickel, the nickeliferous pyrrhotites yielding most of the nickel of commerce. Pyr u la (pyr'U-la), n. [Dimin. from Lat. pyrus =a pear.] (Zool.) A genus of Muricidse; the fig- shells. Py ru ric (py-rft;rlc), a. Pyro-uric. Py rus (py rus), n. [Lat. pyrus, pirus=a pear- tree; pirum, pyrum—B, pear.] (Bot.) A genus of Pomace® (Lindley), containing the apple and pear. 4 Pyth. i ad (ptth7l-&d,) n. [Pythian.] (Greek Antiq.) The interval between one celebration of the Pythian games and another. Pytli o 11 ism, Py thon ism (p^th'o-nlsm, py^thon-ism), n. The prediction of future events after the manner of the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. Pyx (pyx), n. [Lat. pyxis, from Gr. irv^Ls (puxis) = a box, from 1(puxos) = boxwood; Lat. buxus; Fr. pyxide; Sp. pixide; Ital. pisside.] 1. (Anat.) The same as Pyxis (q. v.). (Naut.) The binnacle-box in which a com- pass is suspended. Pyx is (pyx-is), n. [Lat.] 1. A box, a pyx. 2. (Anat.) The acetabulum. 3. (Bot.) A pyxidium, 4. (Zool.) A genus of (Jto^lonidaB, with one spe- cies, from the Ethiopian region. Pyxis-nautica: (Astron.) The Mariner?Compass, a Southern constellation. ~>. .■ >, firm; done, for, do, wolfpfood, foot; furl, rgde, O as in linger, link;" th as in thine. g*ron this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of botli Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.p. 612 PAIR P. PThe chemical symbol of phosphorus.—To mind « one's F*a and. Q^s, or to be on one^s P's and Q'8, is a colloquial phrase signifying to be very care- ful in behavior, the origin of it being unknown. Pa (pft), n. A childish or shorter form of Papa. Paas { > (pis), n. sing, and pi. [Fr. pas.y A pace ; Paa t ) paces. Chaucer. Pa at (pfl'at), ». An Indian name of the jute plant, belonging to the genus Corchorus. Pa bouche (pa-bOsh'), ». [Per. paupoah.] A slip- per. Sir W.Scott. Pabs (pSbzT, n. pi. The refuse of flax. [Scotch.] Pa ca blef (pS'ka-bl), a. Capable of being paci- fied ; paciflable ; placable. Coleridge. Pa cay (pa-ka')i n. (Bot.) A Peruvian tree (Pros- opiadulcia} of the nat. order Leguminos®, suborder I Mimose®, the pure white flaky substance of whose seeds is much esteemed in Peru as an article of diet. Pac can (pik'au), n. (Bot.) A species of hickory. The plant is exclusively North American. Pac chi o nl an (pfik'ki-C'ni-an), a. [After Pac- chioni, an Italian anatomist.] Of or belonging to Pacchioni.—Pacchionian glanda or bodiea (Anat.), small whitish or yellowish bodies, sometimes sepa- 1 rate, at others united like a bunch of grapM, which are observed In several parts of the durtrand pia mater. They receive vessels, but apparently no nerves. Their texture and uses are unknown. Pace(p5s), n. (Arch.) The landing on a broad step in a stair. Pace f (pas), v. i. or t.' To pass away.; to surpass; to exceed. Chaucer. Paced (pist), p. a.—Thorough paced, lit. thorough- ly trained ; out-and-out; as, a thorough-paced in- triguer, scoundrel, etc. , Pa cha na (pa'cha-na), n.- [Hind.] A bitter tonic infusion prepared in India from Tinoapora cordi-- folia. * Pa chi ra (pa-kl'ra), n. (Bot.) A genus of trop- IcalrAmerican trees belonging to the Sterculiacese, and differing from Adansonia,- the baobab tree, in the oalyx being cup-shaped and entire, not five- toothed\ Pa chI »t\(pft-chS'si), n. [Hind., from pachis, . twenty-five, which number is the highest throw in the game.]' A game somewhat similar to backgam- mon, having its origin in India. Written also Par- cheai. Pachom e ter (pa-k8m'et-er),n. [Gr. iraxv?, thick, and iiirpov, a measure.] An instrument fQr measur- ing the thickness of the glass of mirrors* Pacta, y blepti a ro sis (pak'i-bief'a-rC'sis), n. (Or. ira\vs, thick, and p\44>apov, the eyelid.]- (Med.) The thickening of the tissue of the eyelid from chronic inflammation. Pacta y car pons (pSk't-kar^pIis), a. [Gr. iraxv?, thick, and xapnot, fruit.] (Bot.) Having a very thick pericarp. Pacta y cor mus (pSk^-koi^'mus), n. [Gr. rraxv?, thick, and «op/nof, body.] (Paleon*) A genus of fos- sil sauroid fishes found in the lien, so named from their robust bodies. Pacta y den dron ( pSk'l - d5n"dron), n. [Gr. iraxvy, thick, and SevSpov, a tree.] (Bot.) A section of the liliaceous genus AI06. ^ facta y der mat (pak'iwi6r/'mal), o. Of or per- taining to the pachyo&iha; as, pachydermal den- tition. . Pacta y der ma tdl&(p&k'i-d6r//ma-toid),«. Re- lated to or resembling the pachyderms or thick- skinned mammals. ---------- Pacta y glos sae (p&k/h-gl5s//s8), ». pi. [Gr. iraxv'9, thiok, and y\u The fossil vertebra of certaiu large sau- roid South* African, reptiles, supposed^ be of the triassic* age. Pa ehys tl chons (pa-kls'ti-kfis), a. [Gr. waxv?, thick, and &d'l), n.—Paddle-boat, a paddle-steamer. 1—Paddle-cock (Ichth.), a name given in the north of Scotland to the lump-fish (Cyclopterus).— Paddle- flsh (Ichth.), the spoonbill sturgeon (Polyodon spat- ula). See Spoonbill.—Paddle-hole, one of the pas- sages which conduct the water from the upper pond of a canal into a lock, and out of the lock into the lower pond. They are also called Clough-archea.— Paddle-steamer (Naut.), a side-wheel steamer; a steam-boat propelled by paddle-wheels. — Paddle- » wood, the wo^)d of the Aspidosperma excelaum, a South American exogenous tree of the nat. order v Apocynaceas; used by^ the Indians for planks and paddles. / -Pad dy-blrd (pSd'di-bdrd), nf Another name for the rice-bird or Java sparrow. See Rick-bibd. Pa del Id (pa-dgl'la), n. [It., from Lat. patella, dim, of patera, a cup.] 1% A small frying-pan; a kind of oven. "A large metal or earthenware «cup or deep saucer containing fatty matter in whioh a wick is inserted, used in illuminations^ , Pad ma (p&d'ma), n. The Indian name for the true lotus»chr saore<^ bean-lily (Nelumbium apecio- Pad on (pSd'o'ftfcn. A sort of silk ^rret or ribbon. ® ' Simmonds, Pa douk (pa-d6k'), n. (Bot.) The Burmese name* for the Pterocarpus indicus, a valuable forest tree* nat. order Leguminosre. Pa dra (pa'dra), n. A kind of black tea of superior quality. Pad u an (pM'fl-an), o. (Oeog.) Of or relating to Padua in Italy.—Paduan coins, coins forged by the celebrated Paduans Cavino and Bassiano. Pad u an (pM'ti-an), n. (Geog.) A native or in- habitant of Padua. Pac da gog ics (pS'da-gOj' iks), n. Pedagogics. Pae da gog y (pS''da-gOj ij, a. Pedagogy. Pae de ri a (pe-d6'ri-a), n. [Lat. pcedor, stench.] (Bot.) A genus of medicinal shrubby plants, nat. order Cinchonacese. P. fcetida is a native of the East Indies, China, and Japan Tha leaves have a very fetid and alliaceous odor when bruised. Pae dom e ter (pS-dtfru'et-er), n. Same as Pedom- eter (which see). Pae do no sol o gy (p€'do-no-sSl"o-ji),n. Same as Pedonosology (which see). Pae dot ro phy (pS-dOt'ro-fi), )n. Same as Pas do troph i a (pS do-trCf^i-a),) Ptdotrophy, Pedotrophia (which see). Pae o nin (pC'OA-iu), n. Same as Peonin (which see). Pag ah (pflg'ft). n. In India, a body-guard; the elite of a native army. Pa gan ic al ly t (pi-gSn^k-al-li), adv. In a pn- ganic manner. Cudworth. Page f (p3j)» ». A country district; a province ; a canton. Foxe. Page (p5j), ». [Lat. paQtna, a page.] 1. A writing or record; as, the page of history the sacred pages. (Print.) Types set up for one side of a leaf. Pa gel lus (pa-j51 lus), n. [Dim. of Lat. pagrus.] (Ichth.) A genus of acanthopterygian fishes of the family Sparidre. Page ry (pSj ri or p3j'er-i), n. The rank, condition, or character of a page ; pages collectively. [R.] B. Jonson. Pag ing-ma chine (pSj ing-ima-shCn ), n. A ma- chine for paging books aud numbering documents ; a numbering machine. Pa go da-stone (pa-gO'da-stOn), n. (Geol.) A lime- stone found in China inclosing numerous fossil or- thoceratites, whose septa when cut present a resem- blance to a pagoda. The Chinese believe (hat the fossils are engendered in the rock by the shadows of the pagodas that Btand above them. Pag rus (pSg'rus), n. [Lat. pagrus, an^unknown fish. ] (Ich th.) A geuus of acanthopterygian fishes, of the sparoid or bream family. Pa gu ma (pa-gQ ma), n. (ZdOl.) A name of sev- eral mammals of the genus Paradoxurus, of the fam- ily Viverrid® (civets and genets), inhabiting East- ern Asia. Pa gu ri dae (pa-gfl ri-dS), n. pi. [Lat. pagurus.} (Z06I.) A tribe of anomurous decapod crustaceans, of which the genus Pagurus, or hermit-crabs, is the type. Pagurus (pa-gfl'ru?), n. Same as Pagurian. A genus-of anomurous crustaceans, known by the name of soldier and hermit crabs. Pah (p&), n. In New Zealand, a fortified native camp or stockaded intrenchment. Pah (pa), infer;. An exclamation denoting contempt or disgust; bah. Pah I pah l give me an ounce of civet, good apothe- t cary, to sweeten my imagination. ' Shak. Pai die (pa f Paik (pSk), v. t. To beat; to drub. [Scotch.] Paiks (pSks), n. A beating; a drubbing. [Scotch.] Pain (p5n), n.—Bill of pains and penalties, a bill in- troduced into the English parliament to attaint par- ticular persons of treason or felony, or to inflict pains aud penalties beyond or contrary to the com- mon law. Such bills (or acts) are, in fact, new laws^ made as a special occa^ion«may require. Pain de main t (pln'de-mln"), ». [From Lat. panis Dominicus, bread of the Lord, because stamped with a figure of Christ.] A sort of fine white bread. Also written Paindemxine, Paynde- > mayn. " * Chaucer. Pains worthy (panz'w6r-thi), o. Deserving of pains or care ; recompensing pains or care. Paint-box (p&nt'b&ks), n. A'box with compart- . me/nts containing the different'pigments used by a painter^ , Pair (p&r),». 1 • Distinctively, a «nan and wife. Oh when meet now Surbh pairs in lo^& and mutual honor join'd ? Jfttton, arore; ■, oo, f&od; oi, oilj- ou.jpound. the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- ch, ojninj lv g, go\ J, job; ng, sing; fr th, then; th-fAin* w, wier; wh. whip zb On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in ce&ter's Unabridged Dictionaries.FAIR-ROYAL 613 PALISANDER /2. {Mining.) A gang or party of men: In this flense spelled also Pare. - 3. In a legislative body, two members belonging to opposite parties who agree not to vote for a spec- ified time. Pai r-royal (p&r-Toi'al), n. Threa similar things; specifically, three card9 of a Sort at certain games, as three lings, three queens, etc. Double pair-royal, four siailar cards, as four kings. Written also Pa- rial a^d Prial. That great pair-royal Of adamantine sisters [the Fates], Quarles. Pafr Wise (p&r'wlz), adv. In pairs. Hung pairicise over poles. Carlyle. l*aix hail Gun ( paks'han gQn ), n. ( Artil. ) [From the name of the inventor.] A kind of cannon for the horizontal firing of heavy shells, introduced by the French general Henri Joseph Paixhans. Pajock. A word found in editions of Shakspere, old and new, in Hamlet, act iii.se. 2, and usually ex- plained as meaning peacock. Perhaps the proper reading is patchock, a word used by Spenser for a low or mean person. Pa la bra (pii-l&'bra), n. [Sp.] A word. Shakspere makes Dogberry use palabras ignorantly for pocas pulabras, that is, few words. Pal ace-car (p&l as-kfir), n. A roomy, elegant, lux- uriously fitted up railway-carriage provided with chairs, sofas, etc., or with berths, beds, or couches for sleeping accommodation during the night trav- eling. A common form is the Pullman-car or Wag- ner-car. Called also Drawing-room car. Pa la?- (pi'le). Thy same as Pale- in all compounds and derivations from Gr. TraAmds. See Palearctic for Pal.earctto, Paleakter for Pal^aSter, etc. Pal ae o graph (pa le-o-gritf), . Same as Pa- I Pa lae o graph, lc (pS'le-o-grif'ik), > leograph, Pa la? og ra phy (p5'le-6g'/ra-fi), ) etc. Pa lae on to log ic al (pa'le-6n/to-l^j"ik-al), &. Same as Pileontalogical. Pa 1 ies tra (pa-les-'tra), n. Same as Palestra. Pa lag o nite ipa-lag'on-Tt), n. (Min.) A mineral found as an ingredient of the volcanic tufa near Pulagonia in Sicily, as also in Iceland. Pa lal o« (pa-11 o). A prefix formed from the Greek nakaios, ancient. For words of which this is the first component, see the corresponding terms under Paleo. Falamedea (pSra-m5"de-a), n. (Ornith.) A genus of birds belougingto the section Macrodactyli of the order Grallatores. Pal a me dei (la1 (pal'a-me-dg"i-<15), n. pi. (Or- nith.) The screamers, a family of birds of which the genus Pnlamedea is the type. Pa lap ter yx Mpa-lap'ter-iks), n. [Gr. 7raAcud?, Pa lap ter ix J ancient, a, without, and 7rrepv£, a wing.j (Paleon.) A genus of struthious birds whose remains are found along with those of the dinornis in the river-silt deposits of New Zealand. Pal a tinef (prtl'a-tln), n. A kind of tippet or cape worn in the 17th century: so called from the title or family name of the first wearer. Pa lay (pa-15 ), n. ( Bot.) An Iudian climbing plant {Cryptostegia grandiflora) of the oat. order Ascle- piadriceaj. Its stalk-fibers, which are strong and white, are spun into a very fine yarn ; and its milky juice, when exposed for a short time to the sun, is converted into pure caoutchouc. Pale(pSl), n. (Ship-building.) One of the interior shores for steadying the timbers of a ship while building. Knight. Pale (p51), n. and a.—Pale-ale, alight-colored pleas- ant bitter ale.—Pale-buck, same as Bleek-boe.—Pale- dead^ lack-luster, as in death. Shak. — Pale-eyed, having dim or pale eyes. Pope.—Pale-face, one who has a white complexion; particularly, a name 'given by the North American Indians to any white person. [U. S.]—Pale-faced, having a pale or wan face. Shak.—Pale-fence, Pale-fencing, a fence made with pales.—Pale-hearted, dispirited; wanting cour- . age; cowardly. Shak. Pa le a (p;Yle-a), n. The dewlap; the fleshy skin which hangs from the throat, as in cattle. Pa le ae form(pa'le-e-form), a. (Bot.) Resembling paleaa or chaff. Pa le arc tic ) (p5/le-&rk"tik),a. [Gr. iraAaio?, an- Pa la: arc tic ) cient, and Eng. arctic.] Applied to one of the six regions into which zoologists di- vide the surface of the earth, based on their char- acteristic fauna or collection of animal life. The palearctic region embraces Europe, Africa, north of the Atlas range, and Northern Asia. Pa le as ter ) (pa'le-£is"ter), n. {Paleon.), A ge- Pa lae as ter ) nus of fossil star-fishes of the Silu- rian system. The species present so many anoma- lies that the genus cannot be referred to any exist- ing family. Pa le chi nus (p3'le-kl"nus), ?n. [Gr. 7raAai- Pa le ech i mis (pS'le-gk^i-nus), ) 05, ancient, and ex^os, sea-urchin.] {Paleon.) A genus of fos- eil sea-urchins or cidarites. Paled f (p51d), a. Striped, as in heraldry. Spenser. Pal e fit (pal'e-fit), n. ( Archceol.) See Lacustrine or Lake-dwellings under Lacustrine. Pa le ich thy es > ( p;Vle-ik"thi-5z ), n. pi. [Gr. Pa ich thy es ) TraAaioc, ancient, and fish.] (Ichth.) A division of fishes comprisingthe Ganoidei and the Elasmobranchii. H. A. Nicholson. Pal em pour (pai"em-pOr'),n. A flowered stuff ; it Bometimes also means an embroidered shawl or robe worn as a sign of rank. The name is probably from the town of Palam-phr, in the north of Guzerat, In- dia. Scraps of costly Indian chintzes and palempours. Mr#, Gaskell. Pa le o bot a nist ) (p£'le-o-b5t"a-nist), n. One Pa lae o bot a nist) versed in the botany of fos- sil plants. Written also Palaiobotanist. Pa le o bot any) (pa'le-o-btft' a-ni),n. Tire study Pa la? o bot a 11 y J of fossil plants ; fossil bota- ny ; paleophytoiogy. Also written Palaiobotany. Pa le o cos mic [ (pfl'le-o-k6z"mik), a. [Gr. 7ra- Pa lie o cos mic ) Acuds, ancient, and koct^os, world.] Pertaining or relating to the ancient world, or to the earth during former geological periods: applied to the earliest prehistoric race of mankind. Pa le o crys tic ) (pfi le-o-kris 'tikj, a. [Gr. naAai- Pa la; o crys tic ) 09, ancient, and upvos, f.ost.] Frozen from of old ; remaining frozen from antiq- uity ; relating to or derived from a former glacial period : applied to both the Arcticand Antarctic seas as perpetually covered with ice of unknown ages, or to such ice. * Pa le o etli no log ic al ) (paae-o-gth'no-lOj^ik- Pa lie o etli no log ic al ) al), a. Pertaining to the science of paleoethnology. Pa le o eth nol o gist } (pa'le-o-etk^nQFo-jist), Pa lae o eth nol o gist J n. One versed in pa- leoethnology. Pa le o eth nol ogy ) (pS'le-o-eth-nOl^o-ji), n. Pa lae o eth nol o gy J [Gr. s-oAouo?, ancient, a^ people, and Aoyo?, a discourse.] The eth- nology of the earliest times. Paleogean > (pS'le-o-jS'-'an), o. [Gr. iraAaios, Pa lae o ge an J ancient, and yjj, the earth.] 1. Belonging to the former conditions of the earth's surface as revealed by geology, as distinct from the existing terraqueous aspects as described by geography. Page. 2. Relating to the Eastern hemisphere or Old World. Written also Palaiogean. Pa le o ich thy ol og y ) (pS'le-o-Tk'thi-QP'o-ji), Pa lie o ich thy ol o gy ) n. [Gr. raAaid?, an- cient, IxOv?, a fish, aud Aoyo9t a discourse.] The science of fossil fishes. Pa le o lae (pa'le-0^16), n. pi. [From Lat. palea, chaff.] (Bot.) Minute scales at the base of the ovary in grasses. Pa le o lith > ( p5'le-o-lith ), n. An unpolished Pa Ire o lith ) stone implement, or other objeet belonging to the earlier stone age. Pa le o lith lc Mp;l le-o-lIth"ik), a. [Gr. naAatoi, Pa lae o lith ic f ancient, and Ai0os, a stone.] (Archceol.) Of or pertaining to the earlier stone period of prehistoric time ; noting the era which includes the earlier half of the stone age, charac- terized by unpolished stone implements. Its re- mains are mostly those of extinct mammals, with relics of human beings. Also written Palaiolithic. We now come to the advent of paleolithic man upon the Hcene. Edin. Rev. Pa le ol o gist ) (p3/le-rtl//o-jist), n. (Theol.) An Pa lie ol o gist J epithet applied by German ne- ologists to those who cling to the old or orthodox theological beliefs. Pa le ol o gy ) (pS'le-OF'o-ji), n. (Theol.) The Pa lae ol o gy f religious belief or creed main- tained by a paleologist. Pa le o mys { (pa-le'o-mis), n. [Gr. 7raAaio?( an- Palae o mys ) cient, and a mouse.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil rodents, allied to the beavers. Pa le onis eus ) (pft'le-o-nls^kus), n. [Gr. ira\ai- Pa lae o ilis cms ) ancient, and oviVko;, a fish.] (Paleon.) A gtnus of fossil fishes belonging to the lepidosteid family of ganoid fishes. Pa le on to graph ieal ) (pa'le-Sn'to-grSr'ik- Pa lie on to graph ic al $ al), a. Relating to paleontography or the description of fossils. Pa le on tog ra phy ) ( pa/le-on-t5g,/ra-fi ), a. Pa lae on tog ra phy ) [Gr. vraAatd?, ancient, ovra, beings, and Ypa<£u>, to write.] The description of fossil remains. Pa le on to log ic al ly } ( paae-On'to-lQj'/ik-al- Pa lae on to log ic al ly ) li), adv. In a pale- ontological point of view. Page. Pa le o phis ) (pS'le-o-fls), n. [Gr. irakai05, an- Pa la; o phis S cient, and a serpent.] (Pa- leon.) A genus of fossil serpents allied to the py- thons. Pa ie o phy tol o gy ) ( pS/le-o--fT-t01//o-ji ), n. Pa lae o phy to! o gy ) [Gr. TraAaio?, ancient, 4>vtov, a $>lant, and Aoyos, a discourse.] That branch of paleM/iology which treats of fossil plants or veg- etable remains. Paleornfis ) (piT'!e-or"nis), n. [Gr. iraAaio?, an- Pa las or nis V cient, and opv 15, a bird.] (Ornith.) An extensive genus of parrakeets. Pa le o saur (pi^'le-o-sar'), )n. [Gr. TraAai- Pa ie o sau rus (p5/le-o-sar/'u8), ) 05, ancient, and aavpof, lizard. J (Paleon.) A thecodont lizard, having affinities with the crocodiles and deinosauri- ans. Written also Palceosaur, Palceosaurua% Palaio- saur, Palaiosaurus. Pa le o si ren > (p5/le-o-sT'/ren), n. [Gr. ira\aioi, Pa lae o si ren ) ancient, and o-eiprjf, Lat. siren. a mermaid.] (Paleon.) A fossil reptile so named from its apparent affinity to the existing salaman- der. Pa le os pa lax ) (p5'le-5s"pa-laks), n. [Gr. ira- Pa lae os pa lax ) Aai05, ancient, and tj, life.] (Geol.) Applied to the lowest division of stratified groups, as distinguished from the Mesozoic and Cainozoic, as also to the life of the period. It includes the Laurentian, Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian, Old Red Sandstone, Carboniferous, and Permian systems. Written also Palaiozoic. Pa le o zo ol o gy / (pS'le-o-zo-Ol^o-ji), n. [Gr. Pa lae o zo ol o gy J 7raAaios, ancient, £i>ov, an animal, and Aoyos, a discourse.] That branch of paleontology which concerns itself with the fossil remains of animals. Written also Palaiozoology. Pal et (pfll'et), n. Same as Palea (which see). Pa le ti o log ic al ) (pa-lC'shi-o-lCj 'ik-al). a. Of Pa lae ti o log ic al ) or belonging to,paletiol- ogy. Written also Palaitiological. All palcetiolngical sciences... .urge us to look for the beginning of the state of things which we thus contem- plate. WheivelL Pa le ti ol o gist ) (pa-15'shi-Ql^o-jist), n. Anin- Pa lae ti ol o gist j" vestigator by the method of paletiology. Whewcll. Pa le ti ol o gy ) (pa-ie'shi-ttP'o-ji),/!. [Gr. :raAai- Pa lae ti ol o gy \ o?, ancient, airia, a cause, and Aoyo?, a discourse.] That science, mode of specula- tion or investigation, which explains past conditions by the law of causation, by reasoning from present conditions, or which endeavors to ascend to a past state of things by the aid of the evidence of the present. Pal ette (p>ill'et), n. 1* (Metal.) The breastplate against which a person leans to furnish a pressure for the hand-drill. 2. (Surg.) (a) A light wooden spatula used for percussion to excite the tone of the skin and tissues. (b) A splint used to support the hand in certain cases of accidental injury, (c) An instrument com- posed of two perforated plates to catch and with- draw the stylet in operations for fistula lachry- malis. Pal grave (paFgr5v),n. Same as Palsgrave. Pa li (p&'lS or pa'll), n. [Corrupted from Skr. Prd- krit.] The sacred language of the Buddhists. Its origin must be sought for in one or several of the popular dialects of ancient India, which are com- prised under the general name of Prakrit, and stand in a similar relation to Shnskrit as the Ro- mance languages, in their earlier period, to Latin. See Prakrit. Pa li (pS'11), n. pi. [Lat. palus, a stake or pale.] (ZoOl.) Small processes which exist between cer- tain septa and the columella in some corals. P M, Duncan. Pa lich thy ol o gy (pa-lIk'thi-51"o-ji), n. See Paleoiciithyology. Pa li cou re a (pii/li-k6//re-a), n. [After Le Pa- licour, of Guiana.] (Bot.) A genus of plantstiat. order Rubiaceas. Palicourea Marcgraavii is a poi- sonous plant, used in Brazil to kill rats and mice. The leaves of Palicourea speciosa, or gold-shrub, are said to be antisyphilitic. Palicourea officinalis is reported to be a powerful diuretic, and Palicourea tinctoria forms a fine r^.d dye, much valued in Peru. Pal in gen e sis (pal'in-jgn^e-sis), ) n. [Gr. raAu\ Pal ill gen e sy (p^'in-jen^e-si), J again, and yevecris, birth.] 1* A transformation from one state to another ; a new or second birth ; the state of being born again ; regeneration ; the doctrine of the destruc- tion aud .reproduction of worlds and living beings: an Oriental term, said to be of Stoical origin. Out of the ruined lodge and forgotten mansion.... the poet calls up a palingenesis. Be Quincey. 2. (Entom.) The transition from one state into another observed in insects, and in each of which the insect appears in a totally different form. 3. The production of animals either from a pre- existent living organism, on which they are para- sites, or from putrescent animal matter. Brande ment in words derived from the Pant o (p3nt'o).) Greek, signifying all or every- thing. Panache (pfln-ash')» n. [Fr.; O. Fr. penaohe; It. pennachio, from penna, a feather.] PANGENESIS 1# (Arch.) The French name for th 8 triangular surface of the pendentive of a domical vault. 2. (Anc. Armor.) A bunch of feathers on the apex of the helmet; .a plume ; hence, a lady's head- dress. ' A panache of variegated plumes.' Prescott. Panama-hat (pun/a-ma"hat), n. A fine plaited hat made of the young leaves (before expansion) of a stemless screw-pine (Carludovica palmata) by the natives of Central America. Pan-An gli can (pan-fing'glik-an), a. (Eccl.) Ap- plied to an assembly of representatives holding Episcopalian tenets, and principles, from all parts of the world. Pan a ry (pSn'a-ri), a. [Lat. panis, bread.] Per- taining to bread or the process of fermentation which is set up in making bread; as, panary fer- mentation. Pan ath e nae a (p2n'ath-e-ng"a), n. [Gr.] The most celebrated festival of ancient Athens. It was in honor of Athens, the patroness of the city, and was designed to remind the people of Attica of their union into one people by Theseus. Pa nax (pa'naks), a. (Bot.) A genus of plants be- longing to the nat. order Araliacete. P. schinseng is the plant whose root yields the ginseng so much valued by the Chinese, Pan cake-Tuesday (p2n'/kak-tflz/da),n. Shrove- Tuesday. [Eng.] Pan chres tos (pan-krgs'tos), n. [Gr, Trav, all, and XpyvTos, useful.] A panacea. * Dunglison. Pan crat ic (pan-kr5t'ik), a.—Pancratic eye-piece (Optics), an eye-piece adapted to microscopes, tel- escopes, and similar instruments, capable of ad- justment so as to obtain a variable magnifying pow- er. Pan ere a tine (pSn'kre-a-ttn or pSn'kre-a-tln), n. 1. (Chem.) The active prinoiple of the pancreatic fluid. It is a powerful agent of digestion. 2, A term applied to various medicinal prepara- tions designed to imitate the action of the pancre- atic fluid. Pan ere a ti tis (pSn/kre-a-tI/'tis), n. (Med.) In- flammation of the pancreas. Pand (p2nd), n. [Fr. pen. f. [Lat. pande, second pors. sing. imp. of pando, to spread out, to extend, to un- fold.] To strike on the hand with a Btrap or cane. [Scotch school term.J Pan dy (piSn'di), n. A stroke on the* hand with a cane or strap. [Scotch school term.] Pan e gy ric (p£n/e-jir//ik), v.i. To praise. [R.] Gentleman Instructed. Pan ei eo nog ra pliy (pitn/I-ko-n6g'/ra-fi), n. [Gr. 7rai>, all, eiKciv, an image, and Ypa<£«, to write.] A process of producing a design in relief on a zinc plate adapted for printing in a typographical press: a variety of zincography. Pan el (pftn'el), n. That part of a picket fence be- tween two uprights or posts. Pan el-work (ptfn'el-wSrk), n. Wainscot laid out in panels. Pang (ping), v. t. To press; to cram in whatever way ; to cram with food. [Scotch.] Pan gen e sis (pan-jgn'e-sis), n. [Gr. trap, all, and yeVeaio?, sender of all ominous voices, author of all divination—jt£?, irav, all, and divine voice, ora- cle.] Uttering or giving forth divinations, or om- inous and prophetic voices; inspiring oracles; di- vining; an appellation of Jupiter. [R.] We want no half-gods, panomphean Joves. E. B. Browning. Fan o pe a (pSn'o-pCa), n. ( Astron.) One of the recently discovered planets, first observed by Gold- f chmidt in 1861. Pan o pho bl a (pSn'o-fCbi-a), ». [Gr. Udv, the daily, and 6/3of, fear.] (Med.) That kind of mel- ancholy which is chiefly characterized by universal and groundless fears. Dunglison. Pan o ram ic(p&n/o-rSm'/ik),a.—Panoramic cam- era (Photog.), a form of camera in which pictures may be taken upon one flat plate, including an angle of SO0, or more if required, without introducing the defects due to oblique pencils, such as distortion, Indistinctness, etc.—Panoramic lens (Photog.), a lens intended for taking views which include 90° or more of r.ngular extent. N jP.. nor pa (pa-nor'pa); n. (Entom. ) See Panor- pidat. Panor pi d» (pa-nor'pi-de), n. pi. (Entom.) A family of neuropterous insects, the type of which is the Panorpacommunis, or scorpion-fly. 111. PI. 14, rig. 16. Fan o type (p&n'o-tlp), n. (Photog.) A collodion i loture. • Knight. P. i/rtFpresby te rl an (p5n/pre8-bi-t6/'ri-an), a. delating to an assembly of representatives of those v-ho hold Presbyterian views from all parts of the vorld. Pan sclft vie (pan-sklfi'vik or pan-sklflv'ik), a. The sum© as Panslavic. Pan scla vism (pan-skia'vTzm or pan-sklSv'Izm), n. The same as Punslavism. Pan scla to ni an (pftn'8kla-v0"nl-an), a. The same as Panslavic. Pan Slavic (pan-slfi'vik or pan-sl&v'ik), a. [Gr. raf, irav, all, find Eng. Slavic. J Of or pertaining to all the Slavio races; relating to Pansjaviam, or a un- ion of all the Slavs. '), \ n' ad. J A 615 Pan sla vlmitt (pan-sU'vIzm of pan-slSVIzm), n. A scheme or movement for the amalgamation of all the Slavic races into one confederacy, having a common language, polity, and literature. Pan sla vist (pan-sia'vijt or pan-slav'ist), ». One who advocates or favors Panslavism. Pan sla vo ni an (pSn'sla-vCV'ni-an), o. Same as Panslavic (whicb. see). Pan spCrm a tist (pan-spar'ma-tlst), n. SeePAN- SPERMIST. Pan sperm ic (pan-spSr'mik^a. Of or pertaining to panspermy; characterized by, or involving the doctrine of, panspermism. Pan sperm ism (pan-sp&r'mlzm), Same as Panspermy. '' Pan sperm 1st (pan-spSr'mist or pSn'sper-mlst), n. (Biol.) Au opponent of the doctrine of sponta- neous generation; one who maintains that monads or organisms appearing in infusions are developed from germs (spermata) in the atmosphere or in the infusion; one who maintains the doctrines of pan- spermy ; a biogenesist. Written also Panspermatist. Pan sper my (pSn^per-mi), n. [Gr. ira?, irav, all, and anepixa, seed, germ.] The doctrine that all or- ganisms appearing in infusions, as Bacteria, Vibrio, Monads, and Infusoria, are due 6imply to the fact that the atmosphere, and probably the fluid itself, is charged with innumerable germs, which, on find- ing favorable conditions, become developed into living things, thus producing all the cases of sup- posed spontaneous generation, the phenomena of fermentation, and giving rise to zymotic diseases, etc.; the doctrine that living organisms can spring only from living parents; biogenesis. Pan's-pipes (p&nz'plps), n. pi. One of the most ancient and simple of musical instruments, made of reeds or tubes of different lengths, stopped at the bottom, and fastened together, and blown into by the mouth at the top. Called also Pandean Pipes. Pans way (pSns'wa), n. [Hind. panswah, pansh- wau.'] A small boat used on the Ganges andHoogh- ly with an awning of matting over the stern. Cyo. of India. Written also Panchway. Pant (p&nt), v. t. 1* To expire in pants or with panting; to breathe forth in a labored or panting manner: to gasp out. There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish. Shelley. 2* f To desire eagerly ; to long for ; to be eager for ; to pant after. ' Then shall our hearts pant thee.' Herbert. Pant (pSnt), n. A public well in the (street of a town or village. [Local. Eng.] Pan ta cosm (pSn'ta-k6zm), n. [Gr. ira?, vavros, all, and koo-^o;, world.] Same as Cosmolabe. Pan tag a my (pan-tSg'a-mi), n. [Gr. iras, iravros, all. and vaMos. marriage.] That peculiar domestic relation existing between the 6exes in certain quasi- religious and socialist communities in the United States, more specifically among the Perfectionists, by which every man is at once the husband and brother of every woman, and every woman the wife and sister of every man. Called also Complex Mar- riage. Pan ta gogue (pfln'ta-gOg), n. [Gr. irav, all, and oyo>, to expel.] (Med.) A medicine which expels all morbid matter. Pan tag ru el ism (pan-tSg'ry-el-Tzm), n. [Pan- tagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais.] 1 • A burlesque term applied to the profession of medicine. South ey. 2. A careless, Epicurean mode of life; lightness of heart or gayety of spirit in spite of adverse cir- Pan ta le o ne (pSn'ta-le-O^nS), n. [It.] (Mus.) An old musical instrument played like the dulcimer, much, celebrated in the beginning of the eighteenth century. Pan ta lette (pSn'ta-lSt"), n. Same as Pantalet. Pan ta scop ic (pftn-ta-skSp^ik), n. [Gr. wav, all, and (Tfcon-cw, to vie"vp.] Lit. all-vie wing.—Pantoscopic camera (Photog.), an instrument for taking pano- ramic views, including any angular extent up to 360°, upon a flat plate, with a common view lens, by means of mechanism and clock-work. Pan ten ton ic (pSn'ta-tQn'/ik), a. Of, pertaining to, or comprising, all the Teutons. Pan ther ess (pSn'ther-es), rf. A female panther; hence (Fig.), a fierce beauty. As a last resource, he may decline to lead the un- tamed pantheress to the altar. Saturday Rev. Pail ti soc ra cy (pan'ti-sOk^ra-si), n. [Gr. way, irav TO?, all, To-o?, equal, and *pare a>, to rule.] 1* A Utopian community in which qll the mem- bers are equal in rank and social position. 2, The principle of such a scheme or community. It was all a poet's dream, hardly more substantial, though more exertions were used to realize it, than the dream entertained by Coleridge, Southey, and Lov- ell, of establishing pantisocracy on the banks of the Susquehanna. , Quart. Rev. Pan tls o crat (pan-tls'o-krat), n. Same as Pan- tisocratist. Southey. Pan tls o crat ic (pan-tTs'o-krat"ilc),a. Of or per- taining to pantisocracy ; as, a pantisocratic scheme. Pan ti soc ra tist (pdn'ti-sfik^rat-ist), n. One who accepts or favors the principles of pantisocracy. Macaulay. Pan top o da ( pan-tSp/o-da ), n. pi. [Gr. irapToc, all, and ir.ovs, iroSo*, a foot.] Same as Podo- 8 omata. PAPILLAKT Panta (pSnts), n. pi. An abbreviation of Panta^ loons. lTbe things named i>anfs,....a word not made for gentlemen, but gents.' O. W. Holmes. Pa du e lin il-lin), n. [Sp.jpanueio, a piece of linen, silk, etc., trom Lat. panuus, a cloth.J An article of clothing worn by females injSpanish South America, corresponding to the mantilla of Spain. Pan ure (pSn'tir), n. [Fr., Lat. panis, bread.] (Cookery.) A term applied to any dish covered with bread crumbs, such as scollops, croquettes, cutlets, etc. Pan yard f (pSn^fird), n. A pannier. Pepys. Pan sco ism (pan-zO'izm), n. [Gr. irav, all, and life.] A collective term, sometimes used for all the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy. H. Spencer. Pa o lo (pft'o-lo), n. [It.] An old Italian silver coin worth about fivepence in English money, or ten cents American currency. Pa pa ver a ee se (pa-p^ver-S^se-S), n. pi. [From Papaver, one of the genera.] (Bot.) Anat. order of plants, belonging to the polypetalous division of the exogenous class. Pa pav er ine (pa-p&v'er-in), n. (Chem.) (C20H21 NO4.) An alkaloid forming one of the elements of opium. Pa pa ya (pa-p&'ya), n. (Bot.) The Spanish name for the papaw. The papawof North America is Asi- mina triloba, of the custard-apple family, nat. order Anonaceas; it produces a sweet edible fruit. Pap a ya ce se (p&p'a-ya^se-e), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of exogenous plants, so named from Cor- ica Papaya, the principal species. Pap-boat (pSp'bOt), n. A boat-shaped variety of sauce-boat, for feeding infants. [Eng.] Dickens, Pap e iay + ? (pap'e-yl"), n. A species of parrot; Pap e jay +) a popinjay. Chaucer. Pa per (pS'per), n. Free passes to a place of enter- tainment; as, the manager gives any amount of pa- per ; also, the persons admitted by the pass ; as, the house was filled with paper. [Recent Eng. Slang.] —Fossil paper, a variety of asbestos.—Parchment paper, paper prepared from ordinary unsized paper, resembling parchment, being tough, translucent, highly polished, and almost impermeable to water. Called also Papyrin. Pa per (pfi'per), o. 1. Made of paper; consisting of paper. 2. Appearing merely in certain written or printed statements without really existing; as, a paper army. 3. Thin; slight; frail. A thin paper wall. Burnet. —Paper baron, paper lord, one who holds a title which is not hereditary, or holds it by courtesy, as a life-peer, a law-judge, etc. [Eng.]—Paper chase% the game of4 hare-and-hounds. Paper cigar^ a cig- arette. Dickens. Pa per (pa;per), n.—'Paper-book (Eng. Law), the name given to a copy of the demurrer book which contains the pleadings on both sides in an action at law, when the issue is one not of fact but of law.— Paper-clip, a clip or contrivance for holding paper. —Paper-coal (Min.), a variety of tertiary lignite, so named from its splitting into films or leaves not, thicker than paper.—Paper-currency, same as Pa- per-money.—Paper-cutter, a machine for cutting pa- per in piles or in sheets, or for trimming the edges of books, pamphlets, etc.—Paper-ddLy ( Common Law Courts), one of certain days in each term appointed for hearing the causes specially entered in the paper for argument.—Paper-file, a device to hold letters or other papers in a pack.—Paper-glosser, a hot- presser for glossing paper or cards; one who gives a smooth surface to paper.—Paper-mulberry (Bot.), a small tree of nat. order Morace®, Broussonetia papyrifera. It is so named because the Japanese and the Chinese manufacture a kind of f>aper from its inner bark. Called also Paper-tree.—Paper nau- tilus, the paper 6ailor or argonaut.—Paper-office, [Eng.] (o) an ancient office in the palace of White- hall, wherein state papers are kept, (b) An ancient office belonging to the Court of Queen's Bench.— Paper-reed, papyrus.— Paper -ruler, one who or an instrument which traces straight lines on paper for various purposes.—Paper-sailor, same as Paper-nau• tilus.—Paper-shade, a cover or^t shade for a table- lamp glass, or a paper frame on wire for a gas-light burner, to moderate the intense light. Simmonda. —Paper-tree, same as Paper-mulberry. < Pa per (pft'per), v. t. To fill, as a theater or other place of amusement, with an audience mostly ad- mitted by paper, that is, free passes; to fill ^*.th non-paying spectators; as, the house was nightly papered during his unfortunate engagement. [Re- cent Eng. Slang.] Papeterie (p3p-a-tr8 or pft-pa-tr6), n. [Fr.] An ornamented box or case for holding stationery. Pa pil i o na ce ee (pa-ptl/i-o-nfi/'6e-e),n.pl. [Lat. papilio, a butterfly.] (Bot.) A name given to the principal suborder of leguminous plants, from the fancied resemblance of the expanded superior pet- als to the wings of a butterfly. The garden pea of- fers a familiar example of this structure. See Lk» GUMTNOB2E. Pa pil i on i dse (pa-pTl'i-0n//i-d6),n.pZ. (Entom.) a family of lepidopteroua insects, of which the ge- nus Papilio is the type. , Papillary ( pflj/ll-la-ri ), a.—Papillary glands (Bot.), a species of glands resembling the papilla of the tongue. They occur in many of the Labiat®, Kotaxzok: ft, 6,1,0, (1, longy ft, 8,1,0, ft, short; a, e, i, o, a, obscure; fir, fftll, f$st, cftre; hto, mOve.Of; boll,(l,Fr.; 6, Fr.,ton; Oil this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.FAJPILLATJfl Pttp tl lateCpilp'il.lat or pa-pTl'lat),o. (Bot.) Cov- ered with soft tubercles or papillae. Pap 11 laCe (pap'il-lflt or pa-pll'lilt), v. t. To form or cover with papilla) or nipple-like protuberances; as the papillated surface of an ordinary counterpane. Pa pil 11 form (pa-pU'li-form), a. [Lat. pufiilla, a nipple, and/orma, shape.] Having the form of a nipple ; nipple-shaped ; as, a papillifurm matrix. Pap il lote (pitp'il-10t or pa-pe-yOt^ n. [Fr.] A email piece of paper on which ladies curl their hair ; a curl-paper. O Lion, you that made a noise, And shook a mane in papillotes. Tennyson. Pap i on (pfip'i-ou), w. [Mod. Lat. papio, from Fr. babouin, a baboon.] ( ZoOl.) Cynocephalus Sphinx, a species of the dog-headed baboons, akin to the mandril, to which great reverence was paid in ancient Egypt. Pa pislif (pa'pish), n. A papist. Cowley. Pa^f meat (pfip'^nCt), «, Soft food for infants; pap. Tennyson. Pap pea (pflp'e-a), n. (Bot.) A genus of Sapin- dacero the only species of which is P. capensis, a small useful tree found at the Cape of Good Hope. Pap u an (p3p (1-an), n. and a. (Oeog.) One of, or relating to, a frizzly-haired race of dark brown col- or, inhabiting the Archipelago, so called from the Island of Papua, or New Guinea; Molanesian. Pap y ral (pip i-ral), o. Made or consisting of paper. Lord Lytton. Pap y rlne (p5p'i-rln or pSp'i-rln), n. See Parch- ment Paper under Paper. Pa pyr o graph (pa-p!r'o-graf), ». A machine for taking fac-simile impressions of manuscripts. Pap y ro graph 1c (pap'i-ro-graf"ik), a. Relat- ing to or produced by means of the papyrograph. Par a (pir'a). A Greek preposition used as a prefix in words of Greek origin, and signifying position close to, near, side by side, and hence correspond- ence of parts, as in parallel, parable, etc.; also, out of, beyond, on the other side, etc. Par a chor dal (par-a-korMal), n. [Gr. irapa, be- side, and x°P&Via chord.] (Embryology.) One of the cartilaginous plates which form the first ap- pearance of the skull in the development of verte- brates : so called from lving beside the notochord. Par ac mas tic (p&r/a"k-mfl8"tik), a. [Gr. irapa, beyond, and ok/aij, the highest point.] (Med.) Grad- ually decreasing, as a distemper. Dunglison. Paradisaic (pir'a-di-sa^k), )a, Oforbe- Par a di sa 1c al (par'a-di-sa"ik-al), J longing to paradise; paradisiac. Paradise (p3r'a-dTs), n. (Eccl. Arch.) (a) A small private apartment or study. (b) The garden of a convent, (c) An open court or area in front of a church. This use of the word has induced the supposition that the name parvis, still applied to the same place, is a corruption of paradise. Called also Parvis, Parvyce. Par a dl se i dee (par'a-di-s^'i-dS), n. pi. (Or- nith.) A family of crow-like birds, comprehending the birds of paradise, found chiefly in New Guinea and the neighboring islands. Par a dls 1 ac (pSr'a-dIz"i-ak or p5r/a-drs//i-ak), a. Same as ParoAisaic or Paradisiacal. Kingsley. Par a dox (pilr'a-dftks), n.—Mechanical paradox, a proposition to this effect'A part may be cut away from a given beam, so as to make the beam stronger than before.' Par a dox 1 des (par'a-dOks^i-dgzl, a. (Oeol.) A term applied to a group of birds occurring in Bohe- mia, Sweden, and Massachusetts, corresponding to the lower Cambrian: so named from the appella- tion given by Dr. Green to a species of fossil trilo- bite discovered in this group in Massachusetts. Para dox lire (p5r'a-d6ks"flr),n. [Gr. jrapa5o£o9, strange, wonderful, and oupa, tail.] (Zodl.) A name given to the palm-cat from the curious faculty it posse=se* of curling its long tail into a tight coil. Par af fin-oil (pir'a-fln-oil), n. The oily matter which is given off in large quantity in the destruc- tive distillation of bituminous shale. The lighter oils are used /or illuminating, and the heavier for lubricating purposes. Pa raf tie (pa-r&f'l), n. [From Fr. paro/e, a flour- ish after one's signature.] Ostentatious display. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Par a gen e sis (par'a-jSn^'e-sis), n. [Gr. Trapa, side by side wi(h, and yeVeo-iy, generation.] (Min.) A term applied to the constitution of minerals com- posed of cry-tals which have not assumed their nor- mal crystalline structure, either because the crys- tals of one constituent mineral have been first formed and prevented the other constituents from assuming their due form, or from all the constitu- ents having been crystallized simultaneously, thus mutually impeding the development of each other. Par a gen ic fpar'a-jgn' ilr), ) a. Originating Para ge netic /.pSr'a-je-net^ik), ) with thegerm or at the commencement of an individual: applied to bodies having original or congenital peculiarities of structure, character, and the like ; specifically (Min.), applied to a mineral whose crystals are im- perfectly developed. Par ag na thous (pSr'ag-na^fchtts), a. [Gr.-irapa, beside, and yvaBoSy a jaw/) (Entom. and Ornith.) Noting certain birds and insects which have both mandibles of the same length, so that the tips meet. Pa rag ra phlst (pa-rSg'ra-flst or par^'a-graf'ist), n. A writer of paragraph^; one who divides into paragraphs. 616 Par a gnay Tea (pSr a-gw5 t6), n. The leaves of the Ilex paraguayen sis, used in South America as a substitute for tea. 111. PI. 14, €ig. 17. Called also Mate. Par a 1 ba (par'a-S^ba^, n. (Bot.) A Brazilian plant of the genus Simaruba, the S. versicolor of St. Hi- laire. It possesses such excessive bitterness that no insects will attack it. Par a keet (par'a-kCt), n. Same as Parrakeet. Par a lep sis (pSr'a-lgp^sisJ, / n. Same as Parar Paralepsy (p;1r'a-lep"ei), ) leipsis. Par al lei (prtr'al-lel), a.—Parallel coping ( Arch.), coping of equal thickness throughout. It is used to cope inclined surfaces, such as gables, etc.—Paral- lel forces, farces which act in directions parallel to each other.—Parallel roads (Geol.), a phenomenon observed in Glen Roy and soiue other valleys of the Scottish Highlands, exhibiting very distinctly a se- ries of parallel and nearly horizontal lines running along the sides of the hills, and entering many of the lateral glens, at levels from a few to teveral hundred feet above the general bed of the valley. They are supposed to have been formed by the ac- tion of a lake, whose waters were successively low- ered. Par al lei 1 nerved (par'al-IPl^i-nGrvd), ? Par alleli ven ose (p2r' al -1617 i - vgn " Os), J " (Bot.) A term applied to a plont having the lateral ribs of the leaf straight, as in Alnus glutinosa ; also applied to a plant the veins of whose leaves are straight and almost parallel but united at the sum- mit, as in grasses. Par al lei ism (p5r'al-lel-Izm), n. See Sense- rhythm.—Parallelism of the earth's axis, that po- sition of the terrestrial axis by which, in its annual motion round the sun, it preserves.at all times the Fame direction, as if the orbital movement had no existence, and ife carried round parallel to itself, pointing always to the same vanishing point in the sphere of the fixed stars. Par al lei 1st 1c (pSr'al-Iel-Isfik),®. Relating to, of the nature of, or characterized by, parallelism ; as, the parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry. Par al og ic al (par'a-lQj' ik-al), a. Characterized by paralogism or incorrect reasoning; involving an absurdity ; illogical. 4 Paralogical doubt.' Sir T. Browne. Par a mag net Ic (p5r' a-mag-nSf'ik), a. Noting bodies which, in consequence of their being attract- ed by both poles of the magnet, arrange themselves parallel to the axial line ; a term proposed by Fara- day as a substitute for magnetic in contradistinction to diamagnetic. Pas* a mag net Ism (par-a'mSg'net-izm), n. Mag- netism as contradistinguished from diamagnetism. Pa ram e ter {pa-ntm'et-er), ». (Crystallog. ) The ratios of the three crystallographic axes which de- termine the position of any plane. Webster. Par a morpli (pir'a-morf), n. [Gr. irapa, beside, and papyri, shape.] (Min.) A pseudomorph formed by paramorphism. See Paramorphism. Par a mor pliic ( pir'a-mor^fik ), a. Paramor- phous. Paramorphism (par'a-moWflzm), n. (Min.) A term applied to designate a variety of pseudomor- phism, or one of the processes by which pseudomor- phism is effected, in which a change of the molecu- lar structure of the mineral takes place without al- teration of external form or chemical constitution. Par a mor plious (pS^a-mor^fiis), a. Of or per- taining to paramorphism; formed by paramor- phism. Par a mou dra (par'a-mou"dra), n. [According to Page the vernacular Irish name.] (Min.) A pe- culiar flint, the gigantic potstone. common in the chalk near Norwich ond Belfast. Paramoiintcy (pilr'^-mount'si), n. The con- dition, state, dignity, or rank of being paramount. TR. 1 Coleridge. Par a mu clc Acid (pflr'a-mfl'pik fis "id), «. (Chem.) An acid obtained by saturating water with mucic acid, evaporating to dryness, digesting the matter in alcohol, and allowing the alcoholic solu- tion to evaporate spontaneously, when a crystalline mass of paramucic acid is obtained. Craig. Pa ran gon (pa-rfin'gon),n. [Fr.] (Min.) A vari- ety of black marble which the ancients obtained from Egypt and Greece. Worcester. Paraphrase (pSr'a-frJlz), n. A sacred song or hymn on a selected portion of Scripture; as, the paraphrases appended to the metrical version of the Psalms in the Scottish Bibles. Par a phros y lie (par'a-frOs'-i-nS), n. [From Gr. Trapdpu)v, deranged—n-apa, beyond, and .prjv, the mind.] (Med.) Mental derangement; deli'ium. Par aph y sis (par-af'i-sis), n. pi. Parapli y- (par-Sf'i-sSz). [Gr., a side-process—Trapa, be- yond, and <£vvflr/'i-tO'ri){». The fierb pellltory, of the genus Parietaria. w Chaucer. Park (park), n. 1. In Scotland, an inclosed piece of ground suitable for tillage or pasture; acultivat- i ed field. 617 2. t A large net placed on the margin of the sea, with only one entrance, which is next the shore, and is left dry by the ebb of the tide.. Holly band.—Park hack, a horse hired for use in a public park. Par ka* (par'ka), ». (Paleon.) A curious fossil/egg packets) from the old red sandstone of Scotland and England. Par ken (par'ken), n. A kind of cake made with treacle and oatmeal and usually flavored with gin- ger. [Prov. Eng.] Parkes I ne (park'sfn or park'sin), n. A substance so called from Mr. Parkes, of Birmingham, England. Its basis is almost any vegetable fiber, the inflam- mable uaturjBof which is subdued by the addition of certain mineral neutral salts. It has been used to some extent for similar purposes as gutta percha and ebonite. Called also Xylotile. Par ki a (par'ki-a), n. [From Mungo Part.] (Bot.) A genus of Legumino,sa;, including the P. africana, or African locust-tre6. Par kin«so /ii a (par'kinjsC'ni-a), n. [After John Parkinson, a chemistin London, and author of some botanical works.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous - plants of the suborder Cassalpinese. "Park ish (park'ish), a. Relating to or resembling a park. J. Baillic. Par ky (par'ki), n. [Rus.] An over garment made of fur Qr skin, having a hood attached to it and worn by the Eskimos. Pajr le cue J (par'le-kfl), v. i. or t. [Fr. parler d, Par ley cue > queue, to sp&ak at the tail.] (Pres- byterian Church.) To recapitulate, as the clergy- man of the congregation, the substance of the dis- , courses delivered by his brethren who had come to assist him at tbe communion. [R.J Parle cue i (p&r'le-kfl), n. A recapitulation of Parley cue) discourses previously delivered. Parlia ment (pa^li-ment), n. 1* (Eng. Law.) An assembly of the members of the two Temples (Inner and Middle) to consult URon the affairs of the society. 2. Ginger-bread in email, thin, hard cakes. Thackeray.—Parliament heel (Naut.), the situation ofa6hipwhch cayeened by shift of ballast, etc.; or theVcausing her to incline a \ittle on one side so as to clean the side turned out of water, and cover' it with fresh composition* Par lia ment a ri ly 1(par/li-mSnt//a-gri-li), adv. In a parliamentary manner. Par Ha ment a ry (par'li-mgnt"a-ri), a.—Parlia- mentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, profes- sionally employed in the promotion of or opposition to private bills, and otherwise in relation to private business in parliament. [Eng.]—Parliamentary committee, a committee of the members of the House of Peers or of the House of Commons appointed by either house for various purposes. [Eng.]—Par- liamentary train, a train which, by enactment of parliament, is obliged to be run by railway com- panies at least once a day (up and down journeys) for ttye conveyance of third class passengers at a penny a mile. [Eng.] ^ Par me li a (par-mC'li-a), n. [Gr. itap/ju), artind of email shield, and eiAco, to inclose. | (Bot.) A genus of lichens found on trees and walls. P. parte- tina is the common yollow-wall lichen. Par nas sus (par-nis'sus), n. (Anc. Geog. and Myth.) A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses; on it was tbe city^of Delphi, near which was the Castalian spring, the fable'd source of poet- ical inspiration, in consequence of which Parnassus Is used metaphorically to signify poetry itself.— To climb Parnassus, to attain poetical distinction. Park. Pa ro chi al (pa-rO'ki-al), a.—Parochial board, in Scotland, a body of men in a parish elected by the payers of poor-rates to manage the relief of the poor.—Parochial register, same as Parish-register. Parochialism (pa-rO^i-al-Izm), n. 1* The Btate of being parochial; parochial system or man- agement. 2* (Fig.) *TUat narrowness or cohtractedness of opinions or sentiments resulting from confining one^ attention or interests to the affairs of one's parish or upighborhood. Par o cliin,(pfir'o-shin), «. A parish. [Scotch.] Par o dos (par'o-dos), w. r®r'i a passage, an en- trance—n-apa, beside, and o^o?, a way.]' The com- mencement of an ancient Greek, chorus, in which the whole chorus used to join. Par o ket (par'o-ket), n. Same as Paroquet. Par op te sis (par'ap-te^sis), n. [Gr., a roasting —rrapa, near, and otttow. to roast.] (Oeol.) That kind of metamorphism affecting a limited district, and supposed to be due to dry beat given off by intruding plutonic rocks. Paroxysm (par'ok-slzm), ». (Oeol.) Ahy sud- den and violent effect of natural agency, such n3 the explosive eruption of a volcano, or tbe convul- sive throes of an earthquake. Pa&e. Par ox ysmally (pfir/bk-sTz/'mal-l), adv. In a paroxysmal manner ; by paroxysms. 4 Would ne- cessarily take place paroxysmally.' Nature. Par ox ys mic (par/oks-Iz//inik),a. Characterized or accompanied by paroxysm; resembling a par- oxysm ; coming by violentfits and starts; spasmodic. They fancy that they honor inspiration oy supposing it to be only extraordinary and paroxysmic. Kingsley. Par ox ys mist (pa^ks-I^'mlst), n. (Geol.) One who maintains that great geological changes are PARTICIPANT due rather to sudden and^violent efforts of natural agency than to the continuous operation 01 ordinary causes. * Par ox y tone (par-Oks'i-tOn)^. [Gr.impofuTovo? —rrapa, beside, 6harp, and roi'os,tone, accent.] (Gr. Gram.) A term applied in Greek grammar to a word'having the acute accent on the penultimate syllable. Also used as a noun for a word having its accent bo placed. Par ritch (par'ich), ? n. Porridge. [Scotch.] Par ridge (pflr'ij), J Burns. Par rot (p&r'ot), v. t. To repeat as a parrot; to repeat by rote. 'Charges parroted afterwards by others who had never read him.' Fraser^s Mag. Parrot-coal (par'ot-kOl), n. A name given in Scotland to cannel-coal from its flying in pieces with a crackling noise when burned. Miners dis- tinguish this coal into two varieties—viz. 'dry' or gas parrot, and 'soft' or oil parrot. Par rot er (par'ot-er), n. One who parrots or re- peats incessantly what he has learned by irote ; one who servilely adopts the language or opinions of u. others ; a chatterer. [R.] J. S. Mill. Par rott-gun (pSr'ot-gun), n. (Ordnabce.) A kind of rifled cannon invented by Captain>R. G. Parrott, of the Cold Spring Foundry, West Point, New York, ^ and much employed in the United States service ^ during the late civil war. The body of the gun is of cast iron, and is reinforced at the breech by shrinking on a ring of wrought iron. Knight. Par see ism (par'se-izm or par-s^izm), n. The re- ligious belief and customs of the Parsees ; Zoroast- rianism. « Parson (par'sn), n.—Parson imparsonee, one that is ufpossession of a church, whether it be presen- tative or impropriate.—Parson mortal (Eng. Law), a rector instituted and inducted for his own life. Par son-bird (par'en-b6rd), n. Same as Pol-bird. Par son et (par'sn-et), n. A little parson, jocosely applied to a parson's child. Sweet, little, ruddy, ragged, Parsonets. Colman. Par son's-nose (par'snz-nOz), n. A name some- times given to the rump of a fowl. [Vulgar. Eng.] Part (part), a.—Part and pertinent (Scots Law), a term used in charters and dispositions. Part (part), adv. Partly ; in rome measure. Shak. l»gir tan (par'tn), n. [lr. and Gael, partan, a par- tan, crab.J A common sea-crab; an edible»crab. [Scotch. J Sir R. Sibbald. Part ed (part'ed), p. a. 1* Separated; divided; severed. 2* t Dead. And, hence, timely-parted, having died a natural death. 1A timely-parted ghost.' Shak. 3. t Endowed with parts or abilities. Shak. 4» (Her.) Divided. Par the 110 gen e sis (par'the-no-jSn^e-ele), «. [Gr. 7rap0£K)s, a virgin, and YeVecri?, production.] 1 • ( Ph ysiol.) A term applied to the production of new individuals from virgin or rather Imperfect * females without the intervention of a male ; the suc- cesive production of procreating Individuals from a single ovum, without any renewal of fertilization. Parthenogenesis is one of the phenomena of so- called alternate generation. 2* (Bot.) The production of perfect seed with embryo, without the application of pollen. Par thenology ( par 'the-nQI^o-ji ), n. [Gr. rrapffevos, a virgin, and \oyoi, discourse. J (Pathol.) A description or consideration of tbe 6tate of vir- ginity in health or disease. Par the no ge net ic (par'tbe-no-je-nSfik), a. 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or of the nature ✓•of, parthenogenesis. 2. Born of a virgin. 'A parthenogenetic d'elty.T E. B. Tylor. Parthian (par'thi-an), a. Of of pertaining to Parthia or its inhabitants.^—Parthian arrow, a shaft aimed at an adversary while pretending to fly from or avoid himj a parting shot: a figurative expres- sion derived Jtom the habit of the ancient Parthi- anB In war. Parstial (par'ehal), a. — Partial-counsel (Scots Law), improper advice or communications to one of the parties in a cause rendering the testi- mony of a wituess inadmissible; a similar ground of declinature of the jurisdiction of a judge.—Par- tial differential (Math.), a differential of a func- tion of two or more variables, obtained by differ- entiating with respect to one of the variables only, —Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions who^e algebra- ical sum is equal to a given fraction.—Partial loss • (Marine Insurance) is one in which the damage done to the thin.,' insured is not so complete as to amount to a total loss either actual or constructive. —Partial tones ( Mus.), the simple simultaneous tones, that is the fundamental tones and overtones which combine to form a musical sound, and to whfch the timbre or quality of the sound is due. Par ti bus (par'ti-bus), n. [Lat.^ the parties (be- ing so and so stated), ablative pi. of pars, a part, a party.] (ScotsLaw.) A note written on the margin of asummons when lodged for calling, containing the name and designation of the pursuer or pursu- ers, and defender or defenders, if there be only two; if more, the name and designation of the party first named, with the words, 'and others.' Pfcr tl cate (par'ti-kat), n. Lnt. pertica, a mea- suring-rod. \ A rood of land. [Scotch.] Jatnieson. Par tic i pant (par-tTs'i-pant), n. A member of a semi-religious order of knighthood, founded bySix- tus V. in honor of our Lady of Loretto. The members v Notation • - fl, 6,1,0, tl, long; fl. 5,1, 5, fi. On tMs page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. short; ^a,»e, i, o, u, obscure'; _ f&r, f$ll, f$8t, cftre; phrases and definitions NOT contained in - b6r, mOve, or; bull, ft, Fr.; ht Fr* ton; the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-PARTI-COLORED oflhla order, which was soon extinguished, were allowed to marry. Par ti-col or ed (par//ti-ktil/erd), a. Variegated ; party-colored. Par tic u lar (par-tlk'U-ler), a.—Particular Estate (Lato), that interest which is granted out of an es- tate in remainder or reversion.—Particular integral (Integral Calculus), that which arises in the inte- gration of any differential equation by giving a par- ticular value to the arbitrary quantity or quantities that enter into the general integral.—Particular proposition (Logic), one in which the predicate is affirmed or denied of some part only of the subject. —Particular tenant, the tenant of a particular es- tate. Par tic u lar t (par-tTk'11-ler), v. t. To particular- ize. Par tic n lar Izm (par-tlk'fl-ler-Izm), n. 1. A minute enumeration of things in detail; particular- ization. 2* (Politics.) The doctrine or practice of a state in a federation using its endeavor to promote its own particular interests and conserve its own par- ticular laws, as distinct from those of the federated whole. Par tic u lar 1st (par-tTk'fl-ler-ist), n. (Politics.) One who holds the doctrine of particularism ; one who is devoted solely to the interests of his own kingdom, province, or district. J?ar tic u lar ness (par-tlk'Q-ler-ness), n. Quali- ty of being particular ; fastidiousness. You're getting to be your aunt's own niece, I see, for part/eularheas. George Eliot. Particulate (par-tlk'O-lat), a. 1* Having the form of an atom or minute particle. [R.] 2* Referring to, consisting of, or associated with, particles ; produced by particles, as minute germs, etc. 4 The small-pox is a particulate disease.1 Prof. Tyndall. Part ing (part'ing), n. The division of tbe hair of the head. Parting-bead (part'ing-bSd), n. The beaded slip inserted into the center of the pulley style to keep apart the upper and lower eashes of a window. Par tl tion (par-tlsh'un). n. 1* (Bot.) The di- vision of a partite leaf ; also, the wall of a cell in an ovary or fruit; a dissepiment. 2. (Her.) One of the several divisions made In a coat when the arms of eeveral families are borne all together in one shield on account of intermar- riages or otherwise. Used adjectively ; as, parti- tion lines (Her.), those lines by which the shield is cut or divided perpendicularly, diagonally, etc., as the party per pale, parly per bend, etc .—Partitions of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions. A Part ner ship (part'ner-shlp), n. Tbe name of a rule in arithmetic. Part-own er (part"On'er), n. ( Law.) A joint owner or tenant in common, who has a distinct, or at least an independent, although an undivided in- terest in property along with another or others. Par tridge fpar'trij), n. (Artillery.) A large bom- bard formerly used in sieges and defensive works. Froissart. Partridge-berry (par//trij-bSr'i), n.(Bot.){a) A plant of the genus Gaultheria, called the creeping wlntergreen ( Q. procumbens), inhabiting North America. It is aromatic and astringent, and yields an oil which is used a* a flavoring substance, (b) The name also applied to another North American shrub, Mitchella repens, a pretty little trailing plant, with white fragrant flowers and scarlet berries, ■ which remain during the winter, nat. order Rubi- / acete. Partridge-breed er (par''trij-br5d'er), n. One , who breeds or rears partridges, usually for the sake of sport. Tennyson. [Part-song (part'sflug), n. (aft/a.) A song adapt- ed to be sung in two or more distinct vocal parts ; a harmonized or concerted song. par tu ri fa clcnt(par-ta ri-fa"shent),a. (Med.) Having a tendency to promote parturition ; tending to excite uterine action. (Parturifacient (par-tQ'ri-fa"shent), n. [Lat. parturio. to be in labor, and /ocio, to cause. ] ( Med.) A medicine which excites uterine action, or facili- tates parturition, as ergot. Dunglison. Par ty t (par'tl), adv. or o. _ Variegated; diverse ; mixed. Chaucer. Par ty-coat ed (par"ti-kOt'ed), a. Having a party- colored or motley coat. Shak. Par tye f (par-tS ),o. Partial; biased ; inclined to I favor a party. Chaucer. Par ty-gold (par'ti-gOld),*!- Beaten or leaf silver > with a coating of gold on onetside. Pa rus (pi'rus), n. [Lat., a titmouse.] (Omith.) | " A genus of iu^essorial birds, type of the sitb-family Paridre: the titmouse. Par va nlm 1 ty (par'va-nTm"i-ti), n. [Lat. par- vus, small, and animus, mind : a modern compound formed on fype of magnanimity.] 1. The stale or quality of having a little or igno- ble mind or soul; littleness of mind or soul; mean- ness; selfishness: opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey. 2. A person with a little or ignoble mind. Par va tl (par'va-tS), n. [Hind, the mountain god- dess, from Skr. parvatax mountainous.] (Hind. Myth.) An appellation given to the consort of Siva, In consideration of her position as the devoted wife 63 8 and inseparable companion. Called also Doorgo, Bhavani, Kali. Par vyce j (Par vIs)» n- See Paradise. Pa san (pa'zan), n. (Zodl.) A species of antelope (Antilope oryx), with straight horns, and of an ash- gray color, found in South Africa. Pas dial ( pSs'kal), a.—Paschal cycle, the cycle which serves to ascertain when Easter occurs. It is formed by multiplying together the cycle of the sun (twenty-eight years) and that of the moon (nineteen years).—Paschal rents, yearly tributes paid by the clergy to the bishop or archdeacon at their Easter visitations. [Eng.] Pas clial 1st (pas'kal-ist), n. A disputant or con- troversialist respecting the proper day on which Easter should fall. Milton. Pas clilte (pSs'kTt), n. See Quartodecimani. Pas cu age (p&s'kfl-aj), n. [L. Lat. pascvagium, pascuage, from Lat. pascuumy a pasture, from pas- cor, to feed.] (Law.) The grazing or pasturing of cattle. Wharton. Pas cu ant (p2s'kfl-ant), a. [From Lat. pascor, to feed.] (Her.) A term used for sheep, cows, etc., when borne feeding. Pash f (pSsh), v. t. fOnomatopoetic. Probably a form of bash ; comp. Sw. pasta, Prnv. G. paschen, to strike.] To strike violently ; to da«h to pieces; to smash. ' They had cut and pasht out his braius.* Holinshed. I'll pash him o'er the face. Shak. Pasli (p5sh or pQsh),n. [See Pash.] v.t. A mixture of snow and water ; fallen snow, partly melted, or mixed with rain ; slush. [Local. Eng.] Pash 1 um (pish'i-um), «. See Poshm. Pasht (pSsht), n. (Egypt. Myth.) A goddess chiefly worshiped in Bubastus, in Lower Egypt, whence her alternative name of Bubastes. Pas py (pSs'pi), n. [Fr. passe-pied, from passer, to pass, and pied, a foot.] An old English dance, the music for which was written in triple time, and re- sembling the minuet, but quicker in movement. Called also Passing-measure, Passy-measure. Pass (pas), n. The successful or satisfactory stand- ing or going through an examination or test, as by a pupil in a school before an inspector, or by a uni- versity student who gets over his examination sim- ply without being plucked.—Pass of arms, a bridge or other passage which a knight undertook to de- fend. and which was not to be passed without fight- ing him who kept it. Pass (pas), n.—Pass-box, a wooden box used to con- vey cartridges from the ammunition-chest to the gun, when they are too heavy to be carried in the gunner's haversack.—Pass-check, a ticket of admis- sion to a place of entertainment: a ticket given to a person leaving before the end of any entertain- ment entitling to re-admission.—Pass-holder, one who holds a free pass or season ticket, as to a thea- ter, on a railway, etc.—Pa*s-note, a written testimo- ny from an employer, certifying that the bearer has left his la^t place of employment in a regular man- ner.—Pass-ticket, a ticket of admission, as to some performance or spectacle : often a free ticket* Passage (p5s'aj), n. 1. (Mus.) A portion or phrase of a tune ; a run ; a roulade. 2. A game played with dice. Orose. Passage (pfis'aj), v. i. To cross or pass over; to make a passage. Then Beauclerkpaasnfiretf tc Eady Davenant. ^ Miss Ertgeicorth. Pas sage-beds (piTs'nj-b£dz), n. pi. (Geol.) Those strata by which formations pas" conformably into each other ; especially, those by which the upper Siluriau and lower old red sandstones are united into one series. Such strata or beds are found in Colorado, and at St. Cassian in the Tyrol. Passage-money ( p3s'aj-mun'ij. The charge made for the conveyance of a passenger in a mer- chant vessel. Pas sa ] ec ( ptfs'a-rg" ), n. (Kaut.) A tackle to spread the clew* of a fore-sail when sailing large or before tbe wind. Admiral Smyth. Passe-garde (pas-gard), [Fr.] (Anc. Armor.) A ridge or projecting piece on the pauldrons or shoulder-pieces, to ward off the blow of the Jnnce. They first appear in the time of Henry VI. 111. PI. 14, Fig. 18. Passe ment (pffs'ment), n. [Fr. passement, lace.] A piece of lace or silk sewed on clothes ; hence, an external decoration. [Scotch.] Rutherford. j Passe ment (pas'ment), v. t. To deck with lace ; to ornament the exterior of. 1 Ashamed to be seen ainoDg those who ar e passe men ted with gold.' [Sc.] Zachary Boyd. Pas sen ger-shlp ( pfo'en-jer-shlp ), n. (Naut.) A steamer or sailing-vessel having accommodation for passengers by sea. Pas sen ger-train ( pSs'en-jer-trSn ), n. A rail- way train for the conveyance of passengers. Pas si flo ra ce ae (pfls'i-flo-ra"se-e), n. pi. (Bot.) , A nat. order of usually climbing shrubs, with alter- nate simple or compound leaves, and usually with tendrils. """ Pass Ing-mea sure (pas'ing-mSzh'flr), ». See Paspy. Pass Ing-tone (p^s'lng-tOn), n. (Mus.) Atone j between two Others for the purpose of softening a distance or melodizing a passage, but not constitut- ing an essential part of tha harmony. PASTRY-MAN Pas slon(p5sh'un),ft.—Passion-cross (Eccl.), a crosfl tbe transverse beam of which is placed at one third of the distance from the top of the perpendicular portion, supposed to be the form of across on which Christ suffered. It is called a cross-calvary or a calvary when elevated on three steps or degrees, which by some authorities are said to signify the three virtues, Faith, Hope, and Charity.—Passion- music, music set to the narrative of Christ's passion in the Gospels.—Passion-play, a mystery or miracle- play representing the different scenes in the passion of Christ. The passion-play is still extant in the periodic representations at Oberammergau, in the Bavarian highlands, perhaps the only miracle-plny which has survived to the present day.—Passion- Sunday (Eccl.)i the fifth Sunday in Lent, being the second Sunday before Easter, or that which precedes Palm Sunday.—Passion-tide (B. Cath. Ch.), the sea- son at which the Church commemorates the suffer- ings and death of Christ. It is the last fortnight of Lent, comprising Passion-week and Holy-week.— Passion-week. [Eccl.) Thisname is more correctly given to the second last week of Lent, the title Holy- week being applied to the last week of Lent, or that immediately preceding the festival of Easter. Pas sion al (pSsh'un-al), a. Dealing with, or ap- pealing to, the passions ; tending to excite the pas- sions. ' Pussional poetry.' Emerson. 4 Strong pas- sional excitements.' Rev. Dr. Cuylcr. Pas slon al (p£sh'un-al), n. 1* Same as Passion- ary. 2. A MS. of the four Gospels, upon which the kings of England, from Henry I. to Edward VI., took the coronation oath. Rev. Orby Shipley. Pas sloned (pash'und), p. a. 1* Moved by pas- sion ; violently affected. Strangely passioned. Spenser. 2* Expressing passion. 'Nor 6igh of his, nor plaint, nor passioned moan.' Keats. Pas slon ing (p?tsh un-ing), n. The state of being affected with passion ; the act of giving vent to pas- sion ; a passionate utterance or expression. And Burns, wich pungent passion ings Set in his eyef. E. B. Browning. Pas slon 1st ( pfish un-ist ), n. (R. Cath. Ch.) A member of a reiigio as order in the Church of Rome, founded in 1837 by Paolo Francisco de Danei, who afterward assumed the name 'della Croce.' It is also known as the Order of the Holy Cross and the Passion of Christ. The special object of the order was to instill into men's minds, by preaching, by example, and by devotional exercises, a sense of the mercy and love bf God, as manifested in the passion of Christ. They have houses in Britain and the Con- tinent of Europe, Australia, and the United States. Pas sive (p3sTv), i.—Passive debt, a debt upon which, by agreement between the debtor and the creditor, no interest is payable, as distinguished from active debt, that is, a debt upon which interest is payable.—Passive title (Scots Law)y a title in- curred by an heir in heritage who does not enter as heir in the regular way, and therefore incurs liabil- ity for the whole debts of deceased, irrespective of the assets. ~ Paterson. Paste-eel ( pHft'el), n. A vibrio; a microscopic eel. See Vibrionid^. Pastil (pas til), v. t. To administer or fumigate with pastils. Quart. Rev. Pas ti na ca (pas-tl na-ka), n. [Lat., the parsnip.} (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants, mostly bien- nials, nat. order Urabelliferae. The most important species is P. sativa fthe common parsnip). Past mas ter (past'mas//ter or past'mas'ter), n. One who has occupied the office or digniiy of mas- ter, especially in such bodies and societies as Free- masons, Oddfellows, Good Templars, etc.; hence (FigC). one who has experience in his particular craft or business. ~ Pas torpas tor), n. (Ornith.) A beautiful bird (Pastor roseus) with a tufted head, allied to the starling. It is so called from frequenting the cattle-field and the sheepfold, and feeding on the parasitic insects generally found on the cattle. Pas tor al (pas tor-al). a.—Paftoral letters are cir- culars addressed by a bishop to his diocesans, for purposes of religious instruction, or admonition-in matters of discipline.—Pastoral staff, the official staff of a bishop or abbot.—Pastoral theology, that part of theology which treats of the obligations of the pastors themselves ; also the objective teaching which is to be employed in the instruction and di- rection of the flock committed to the pastor's charge. Pas to ral le (pfts'to-ra 'la-*, n. (R. Cath. Ch.) A term applied to books which relate to tbe'pastoral duties of tbe clergy, as the confession, occasional offices, etc. \ Pas tor al ism (pas'tor-al-Tzm), n. Pastoral char- acter : that which possesses, suggests, or confers a pastoral character. Other such aristocratic pastoralisms. Ruskin, Pas tor al ize / (p^s'tor-al-Iz), r. t. To make the Pas tor al ise i subject or theme of a pastoral; to celebrate in a pastoral poem : a«, to pastoralize in poeiry or song. E. B. Browning. Pas tor al ize ) (pas'tor-al-Iz), r. i. To compose Pas tor al Ise ) pastoral poetry. [Poet, and R.] Pastoral ly {pas'tor-al-li), adv. In a pastoral or rural manner. ___________ _ Pas tor-like (pas tOT-llk), a. Pastorly. Stilton. Pas try-man (pSs'tri-miJn), n. A pastry-cook. , Addison, \o/i.a, a name, and Aoyos, treatise.] The branch of knowledge that deals with personal names or surnames and their origins; an essay or treatise on the origin of per- sonal names or surnames. Pat tened (p&t'end), a. Wearing pattens. Jane Austen. Pat ter (pSt'er), v. t. To move with quick steps, making a succession of small sounds. Pattering over the boards, my Annie who left me at two. Tennyson. Pat ter (pSt'er), n. 1* A rapid sound or succes- sion of sounds ; as, the patter of feet; the patter of falling drops of water. 2» The dialect or patois of a class; slang; as, priests' patter ; thieves' patter. [Colloq. or 6lang.J Pat ter (pafer), v. i. 1. To mutter ; to mumble. 2. To talk; to speak; to specify ; fco harangue. [Colloq. or slang.] Sir W. Scott. Patter er (pSt'er-er), n. One who patters; spe- cifically, one who helps off his wares by long ha- rangues in the public thoroughfares. Mayhew. Pat tern (pitt'ern), ».—Pattern-card, a set of pat- terns or samples of various fabrics for sale attached to a card. Siinmoiids.—Pattern-drawer, one who designs patterns. Simmonds.—Pattern-molder, one who makes models for Ironwsastfngs. Simmonds.— Pattern-reader, one who arranges textile patterns. Simmonds. Pat tern a ble tpXt ern-a-bl), a. Capable of being taken as a pattern; that may be copied ; as, pat- temable slavery. Beaumont. Pat tin son ize (pSt'in-son-Iz), v. t. [From Mr. H. L. Patiinson of Newcastle-on-Tyne, who indented the arrangement.] To separate silver from lead by a process based on the fact that the melting-points of alloys of silver and lead are higher in proportion to the amount of silver contained. Pat tie (pSt'l), n. A stick shod with iron, with which a ploM'mao clears away the earth that adheres to the plow ; a paddle. [Scotch.] Pau (p^), n. In New Zealand, a pah. Paiigli ty ) (pgk'ti), a. [Allied to D. pochen, pog- Pauch ty ) chen, to boast or make a show."1 Proud, haughty ; petulant, saucy, malapert. [Sc. Pauk (paik), n. Art; a wile. Gavin Douglas. [So. Pauk y6 } a- Same as Paul (p9l),t>. t. [Probably same as to pall.] To puzzle. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Paul dron (p&l 'dfon), n. [Sp. espaldaron, from es- palda, Fr. epaule, the shoulder, and Lat. spatula the shoulder-blade.] (Mil. Antiq.) A shoulder- plate, of one piece, introduced in the reign of Henry VI., to cover the epauii&re. ILL PL 14, Fig. 20. Paul lin i a (pg-lTn i-a), n. [In honor of S. Paulli. professor of botany at Copenhagen.] (Bot.) A ge- nus of climbing shrubs, furnished with tendrils and variously .divided compound leaves and axillary ra- cemes of white flowers. Pau lo-post-fut ure ( pa'lO-pOst-fd'tflr ), n. A tense of Greek .verbs, corresponding to the future perfect. Paunch (painsh or p&nsh). n. The rim of a bell: the part against which the clapper strikes. Knight. Paunch y (pgnsh'i or pftnsb'i >, a. Having a prom- inent paunch ; big-bellied ; pot-bellied. Pau per ess (ps'per-es), w. A female pauper. *An elderly, able-bodied pauperess.' Dickens. Pau perl za tlon (p&'per-i-zfl'shun). n. The act or process of pauperizing or reducingto pauperism; the state of being reduced to pauperism. Pau rop o da (pg-rSp'o-da), n. [Gr. navpos* little, and 7ro8ts, feet.] (ZoOl.) An order of Myriapoda. Paut (pgt), n. An Indian name for jute. Also writ- ten Put. Paux 1 (p&ks'n, ». (Ornith.) A name of certain South American birds (Urax), belonging to the family Cracidre. Pa vac he (pa-vfish'), ». Same as Pavise. Pav<5 (p£-v3), n. [Fr.] The pavement.—Nymphe du pave, Lady of the pa re, a wanton female; a prostitute; a street-walker. Pave ment (pavment), n. 1. A decorative floor- ing, composed of colored and plain tile or stone, in use from very ancient tim"es. 2• A colloquial name for the laid footway on each side of a street. Pav id f (pSv'id), a. [Lat. pavidtts.J Timid. Pa Tid i ty t (pa-vld i-ti), n. Tearfulness; timidi- ty. Pa vil ion (pa-vfl'yun or pa-vIM-un), n. A banner; an ensign; a flag.—Pavilion roof% a roof sloping or hipped equally on all sides. Pavilion (pSv-g-yBfi), ». [Fr.] (JJfua.) The bell or mouth of a horn, trumpet, or wind-instru- ment of that class.—Fltite d pavilion, an organ-stop, the pipes of which are surmounted by a bell.— Pav- ilion chinois, an instrument having a number of small bells in a frame attached to a staff. The bells are agitated by striking the staff on the ground. Pav ing (paving),**. The act of laying of floors, streets, etc., with pavement.—Paving board, a num- ber of persons in whom is vested the superintendence of the paving of a ci(y, town, or district. [Eng.]— PEACH Paving stones, large prepared stones for paring.-4 Paving tile, a flat brick or tile for laying floors, etc., with; a pavior. Pav ior ) (pSv'yer or pS'vi-er), n. 1« A slab or Pav iour ) brick used for paving. 2, A rammer for driving paving stones. Pa vise (pa-vez' or pav'is), )n1 A kind of large Pa vese (pa-v5z/), * shield for covering the whole body. Pa von (pa'von or pfl-vOfi), n. An ancient military flag, of a triangular shape, affixed to the upper part of a lance, and resembling the pennon, but smaller 111. PI. 15, Fig. 1. Pa vo ni a (pa-vO'ni-a), n. (Entom.) A genus of large butterflies found in South America. Pa vo ni a (pa-vO'ni-a), n. [In honor of Don Josef Pavon, a Spanish traveler and botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of small shrubs, sometimes herbs, nat. or- der Malvaceae. Pa von i dae (pa-v8n'i-dS), n.pl. [Lat.pavo,pavo- nis, a peacock, and Gr. e!6o?, resemblance.] (Ornith.) The name given to the peacock f&mily, including the argus-pheasant and peacock-pheasant. Pav o nine (pavo-nln), n. Peacock's-tail tarnish : the iridescent luster found on some ores and me- tallic products. Pav o nize (pilv'on-Tz), t\ i. To comport one'# self as a peacock. [R.] Florio. Pawl (pal), n.—Pawl and half pawl, two pawls of different lengths acting on the same wheel. Spell" ed also Paul. Pawl (p&l), v. t. To stop with a pawl; as, to pawl the capstan. Pawl (pal), n.—Pawl-bitt (JVauf.), a strong piece* of timber placed vertically at the back of the wind' lass for its security, and serving to support the sys- tem of pawls which are pinned into it.—Paiol-posti same as Pawl-bitt (which see). » Pawnees (p&'nSz), n. pi. A tribe of warlike American aborigines, formerly residing chiefly in central Nebraska. They are remarkable for en- durance, daring, craft, aud skill in horse-stealing. Pawn-tick et (pan"trk et), n. A ttaket given by a pawnbroker to the pledger. Pax-brede (pSks'brSd), eo__ Pax-board (pSks'bOrd), \ "• 8ame03 Pay (p3), n.—Full pay, the allowance to officers and non-commissioned officers, without any deduc- tion whatever.—Half-pay, a compensation allowed to officers who have retired from the service or have been discharged. Pay (p3),n.—Pay-clerk,a clerk who pays wages—Pay- list,, a pay-roll; specifically (Mil.), the quarterly ac- count rendered to the war office by a paymaster. Pay en t (pi'en), n. and a. A pagan; pagan. Chaucer. Pay nlm (pS'nim), a. [Norm. Fr.] Pagan; infidel; heathen ; as, a paynim religion. Pay sa ) (pl'sa), ». A small denomination of Py sa J money in Asia ; a pice. 4 Pa zend (p&'zend), ». The religious dialect of the Parsees of India, belonging to the Iranian family of Aryan tongues. / Pb. [Lat. plumbum, lead.] The chemical symbol of lead. Pd. The chemical symbol of palladium. Pea (p6), n.—Pea of an anchor% the bill of an anchor. Pea ( p6 ), n.—Pea-beetle (Entom.), a coleopterous insect (Bruchus pisi)% very destructive to crops of pease : called also Pea-bug, Pea-chafer. Pea-weevil.— Pea-berry, a much esteemed variety of coffee berry, in which the two cotyledons coalesce, producing the appearance of a pea-like seed, whence the name.— Pea-coat, a loose fitting coat of heavy woolen materi- al, and resembling a short top-coat; a pea jacket. Dickens.— Pea-cod, same as Peas-cod. Sir W. Scott. -Pea-crab (ZoOl.), a small brachyurouscrustacean of the genus Pinnotheres.—Pea-cforc, the Columba zenaida, a pretty pigeon found in North America and in the West Indies.—Pea-grit (Geol.), a coarse limestone of the lower oOlite, whose structure is not unlike a mass of split pease concreted together. —Pea-gun, a small tube to blow peas through. — Pea-jacket. [Pea, from B. and L. G. pije, coarse, thick cloth, a warm jacket; Goth, paida, cloth, a garment.] A pea coat.—Pea-maggpt (Entom,), the caterpillar of a small moth (Tortrixpisi) which lays its eggs in peas, to which the larva is very destructive.—Pea- ore, the name given to granular argillaceous oxide of iron, from its occurring in small masses or grains, nearly or quite spherical and of the size of a pea.— Pea-pod, the pod or pericarp of the pea.—Pea-shell, same as Peas-cod.—Pea-shelter, a contrivance for tak- ing peas from their pods. Peace (p6s), n.—Peaoe-breaker, one that violates or disturbs publio peace.—Peace-party, a party that fa- vors peace, or the making of peace.—Peace-establish- ment, the reduced number of effective men ir the army during the time of peace.—Peace of God and the Church, that cessation which the king's subjects an- ciently had from trouble and suit of law, between tne terms and on Sundays and holidays.—Bill of peace (Law), a bill brought by a person to establish and perpetuate a right which he claims, and which from its nature maybe controverted by different persons at different times and by different actions.—Com- mission of the peace, one of the authoritiest by vir- tue of which the judges sit upon circuit. Peach (pSch),n. (Min.) A Cornish miner's term given to chlorite and ohloritic rocks. A peachy lode is a mineral vein composed of this substance, gener. Notation ; S, 6,1, 0, tl, long; 2, 6,!, 0, fi, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr f§U, f^st. cftre; bdr, mOve, or; bull, Q, Fr.; 6, Fr„ ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. *f&AUti ally of a bluish-green color and rather soft. [Local. Eng.] Peach (pgch), n.—Peach-down, the soft down of a peach skin.—Peach-tree, the tree that produces the peach.—Peach-wood,, a dye-wood supposed to be the product of the Ctesalpinea echinata, a leguminous plant. This wood dyes red and peach color. Pea cock (pS'kok), v. t. To cause to strut or pose and make an exhibition of one's beauty, elegance,., or other fine qualifications ; hence, to render proud, vain, or haughty ; to make a display of. Peacocked up with Lancelot'* noticing. Tennyson. Tea cock (pS'kok), n.—Peacock-butterfly (Entom.), t a name given by collectors of insects to butterflies 1 of the ppecios Vanessa Jo, from the eyes on their \ wings resembling the eyes on peacocks' feather*, f —Peacock-fish {Ichth.), n fish ( Labrux or Crenilabrus , pavo) of the Mediterranean and Indian Seas, char- i acterized by the brilliancy of its hues—green, yel- / low and red. Peak(pOk),n.—Peak halliards [Naut.), the ropes \ or tackles by which the outer end of a gaff is hoist- ed.—Peak down-hauler, a rope rove through a block, 1 at the peak or outer end of a gaff, to haul it down bj.—Peak purchase, a tackle on the peak tye for hoisting it.—Peak tye, a tyo used in some ships for hoisting the peak of a heavy gaff. Peak y (pek'i), a. Consisting of peaks ; resembling a peak ; characterized by a peak or peaks. 'Hills with peaky tops engrail'd.' Tennyson. Pean(pOn), n. [O. Fr. panne, a skin, a fur.] (Her.) One of the furs borne in coat-armor, the ground of which is black, with ermine spots of gold. III. PI. 15, Fig. 2. Pearl (p6rl), n. 1* One of a series of bony tuber- cles which form a roufjh circle round the base of a deer's born, and called collectively the bur or burr. The pearls of the antlerB. W. Black. 2* (Her.) The white or silver color in the coats of barons and noblemen : otherwise called Argentm Pearl (perl), n.— Pajrl-edge, (a) a narrow kind o7 thread edging to be sewed on lace. (b) A narrow border on the side of some qualities of ribbon, formed by the projection of some of the threads beyond the rest.--Pearl-fishcry. a place wherepearl- oyBters are caught.- Pearl-fishing, the occupation of searching for pearls, by di»ing for or otherwise catching pearl-oysters. - - Pearl-moss,Carrageen moss or Irish moss (Chondms crispus).—Pearl-moth (En- tom.), a name gi.ven by collectors to moths of the genus Margaritia.—Penrl-plant, same as pearl-wort. —Pearl-powder, an oxychloride of bismuth, used as a cosmetic, and also as a flux for certain enamels; Eearl-white.— Pearl-sago, sago in the state of fine ard grains about the size of small pearls, which they somewhat resemble.—Pearl-side (Ichth.), a small fish, the argentine (Scopelus Pennantii). Pearled (porld), a. 1« Set or adorro'd with pearls. ' Their pearled wrists.1 Milton. 2. liesembling pearls. 1 Her weeping eyes in pearled dew she steeps.' Ph. Fletcher. 3* Having a border of, or trimmed with pearl- edge. Pear 11 ness (p6r'li-nes), n. The state of being pearly. Pearl lngf ) (pferl'ing), p%a. Taking the form of Perlingf f pearls ; resembling pearls. Spensy. Pear monger (p&r"m&ng/ger), n. A dealer in pears. Pert as a pearmonget, Qay. Peart (pCrt),a. Pert; lively ; agile : frequently ap- plied to convalescent persons ; as, he is quite peart. (Old Eng,. and U. S.J Pear-tree (pAr'trC), n. The tree that produces pears. Pease (p5z),n.—Pease-meal, a flour made from peas. —Pease-pudding, a padding made chiefly of peas. —Pease-soup, Pea-soup\ a soup made chiefly of peas. Pease weep (pSz'wC'p), n. The peewit or lap- wing. [Scotch.] eat (pSt). n.-Peat-hagg, a .pit from which peat has been dug. [Scotch.]—Pent-muck, a wet, vegetable mold, resembling peat, found in swamps, and often used as manure. [U.S.J—Peat-reck, the smoke of peat.—Peat-reek flavor, the flavor communicated to whisky in consequence of its being distilled with f>eat Msed as fuel. This flavor is frequently simu- ated by adding a little creosote to the whisky. [Scotch.]—Peat-soil, a soil mixed with peat; the soil of a peat moss or bog that has been reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Peb ble (pCb'l), n. A name giv*n by jewelers to an agate—agates frequently occurring as loose peb- /bles in the beds of streams. Seotch agates are commonly known as Scotch-pebbles. Peb ble-pav injj (pSb^l-pav^ng), n. A pavement laid with pebbles, or water-worn stones. P, a slipper, and avflos, a flower.] (Bot.) A genus of South American plants, of the nat. order Euphorbiaceae. embracing medicin#J species. Ped i mane (pgd'i-man), n. [LaS&fces, pedis, the foot, and manus, the hand.] (ZoOl.) One of a fam- ily of marsupials distinguished by having a thumb on the hind-feet. The opossum is an example. Brande & Cox. Pe dim a nons ( pe-dln^a-nfis ), a. Having feet hand-shaped, or capable of performing the func- tions of hands, as monkeys. Ped iment al (pSd^-mSnt^alor pSd//i-m6nt'al\a. Of or pertaining to, essociated with, or formed after the manner of, a pediment; as, a pedimrntal dome. Bury. Ped I palp ons (pSd't-pfilp^fis), a. Of or relating to, or resembling the Pedipalpi. Ped 1 reme (pSd^-rGm), n. [Lat. pes, pedis, afoot, and remus, an oar.] An animal whose feet answer the purpose of oars, as certain crustaceans. Ped iar ism (pgd'ler-tzm), n. Petty dealing. T. Brown. Pe do man cy (pS^do-mfin'si), n. [Lat. pes, pedis, the foot, and Gr. navreta, divination.] Divination by examining the soles of the feet. Pe dom e ter (pe-dOm'et-er), n. [Gr. naU, iracSos, a child, and nerpov, a measure.] (Med.) An instru- ment for determining the length, weight, eto., of infants. Written also Pcedometer. Ped o mo tive (pSd^o-mO'tiv or p8d/o-m0//tlv),a. [Lat. pes, pedis, afoot, and moveo, motum, to move.] Moved, driven, or worked by the foot or the feet acting or* pedals, treadles, or the like; operated by action of the feet, as a velocipede, etc. Ped o mo tor (pSd^o-mO'ter or pgd'o-mO^ter), n. [Lat. pes, pedis, a foot, and motor, a mover, from . moveo, motum, to move.] A velocipede ; also a con- trivance similar to roller-skates, for assisting in walking. Pe do no sol o gy (pS'do-no-sBFo-ji), n. [Gr. 7rai?, iraifio;, a child, rocro?, disease, and Aa dis- course.] (Med.) That branch of medicine which treats of the diseases of children. Written also Pcedonosology. ^ Pe dot ro pliy (pS-dBt'ro-fl);' )n. [Gr. *rat*, Pe do tropli I a (pg'do-trOf'i-a), ) iraifios, a child, and rpeu), to nourish.] that branch of hygiene which treats of the proper nourishment of infanta and children.*Written also Pcedotrophy, Dunglison. Pe dre gal (pS-dra-gal'), n. [Sp., frompiedm, Lat. petra, Gr. Trtrpa, a stone.] A fi^ld or extensive bed of lava. [Western U. Ba^nd Mexico.] Pe dnn cled ( pe-dting'kld), a.' peduncular.; pe- dunculate. Peel (pen, n. (Print.) A thi* piece of wood with a long handle Affixed to it in the shape of the letter T. It is used for hanging the sheets upon dry and for taking them down again. ** ch, c/ialn; g, go\ job; ng, sing; th, tf en; th, thin; wt«oig; wh, tefcig; zh, a*ure; oo, food; oi, oil; ' on, pot#nd»^ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PEEL Peel (p01), n. [A form of peer.'] An equal; a matoh; as, they were pdeis at twelve. [Scotch.] ' Pioken. Peeled (;pSld), p. a. Bald-headed or shaven. Peel'd priest 1 doit thou command me to be that oat ? Shak. Peen (pen), n. The point or face of a hammer. Written also Piend. Peenge (pSnj),u.i. To complain; to whine. 4 That peenging thing o'.a lassie there.' [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Peep (pSp), n. (Ornith.) A name given to the sand- peep 6r sand-piper, on account of its note. Peep-o'-day-boy (pSp'O-da^boi), n. A member of a band of insurgents who appeared in Ireland in 1784. Peep-show (pgp'shO), n. A small show consisting of pictures viewed through a small orifice or hole fitted with a magnifying lens. Pee pul-tree (pS'pui-trS), n. (Bot.) Ficus relig- iosa (the aacred fig of the Hindus). The Hindus revere it because Vishnu is said to have been born under its branches. Written also Pippvi, Pippul- tree. Peer (p3r),n.—Peers of fees (Old Eng. Law), vas- sals or tenants of the same lord, who are obliged to serve and attend him in his courts, being equal in function. Peer (p5r), v. t. To make equal or the same rank. 4 Peered with the lord-chancellor.* [R.] Heylin. Peer leli (pSr'ish), o. Of or pertaining to a poer. ' Made a peerish exarsple of.' North. Pees f (p6s), n. Peace. Chaucer. Peg (pSg), v. i.- To work diligently: generally fol- lowed by aiaay or on. [Ooliog.] Pe gan um (pS'gan-um), n. [Or. irvyavov.] (Bot.) A genua of plants of the nat. order Zygophyllace®. Pe ga so an (i>e-ga sfe-an),o. Pertaining to poetry; poeticalt [R.J Andrews. Peg glug-awl (pfg'ing-gl), ». (Shoe-making.) A short, fequare-bladed awl for making holes into which psga are to be driven. Pegh (pgk), v. i. See Pech. Pey ma tlte (pgg'ma-tlt), n. (Min.) A very coarse granitic rock, composed essentially of lamellar feld- spar and quartz, frequently with a little white mica. A variety of it is called graphic granite, on account of the quartz it contains being distributed over the surface in a manner somewhat resembling Oriental characters. Peg-top (pgg'tBp), n. 1* A child's toy, a variety ot top. 2. pi. A kind of trousers very wide at the top, and gradually narrowing until they become tight at the ankles. Mauve-colored peg-tops. Farrar. Peb le vl (pS-lfi'vB, pS le-vS^or pft'le-ve), n. [From Pchlav, a district of Persia.] A later dialect of Zend, into which the Avesta or ancient sacred books of the Parsees were translated for the use of priests. It was a learned language or dialect, which disap- peared in consequence of the Mohammedan con- quest, and Is supposed to have been the literary language of Western Persia In the early part of the Christian era. Also written Pehlavi. Peine,t n. [Fr., from Lat. poena, punishment.] Penalty; grief; torment; labor. Chaucer.—Peine forte et dure [Fr,, from Lat. poena fortis et dura strong aud hard punishment], a speoial punishment' inflicted in ancient times on those who, being ar- raigned of felony, refused to put themselves on the ordiutiry trial, but stood mute. It was vulgarly called pressing to death. Pel tho (pfthO), n. fGn. Ileiflui, the goddess of persuasion.] (Astron.) A name given to one of the minor planets discovered in 1872. Pelsli wall (plsh'wa),n. The title of the prime minister of the king of the Mahrattas. Brougham. Pe jojr a tion (pC'jor-a"shun), n. [From Lat. pe- jors worse.] {Scots Ixiw.) Deterioration. Pe jor a live (pS^jor-Bt'lv), n. [Lat. pejor, worse.] A grammatical term, chiefly used in France, ap- plied to words that depreciate or deteriorate the sense ; thus, poetaster is & pejorative of poet; polit- icaster of politician. Pe la (pS'la), n. Same as Chinese Wax. Pe lag 1c (pe-lSj'ik), a. (ZoOl.) A term applied to such animals as inhabit the open ocean. Quart. Rev. Pe lag 1 die (pe-lSj'I-dS), n. pi. (ZoOl.) An order of Ccelerrterata, belonging to the subclass Lucernarida. Pelagosaar (pgl^a-go-sgr'), n. [Gr. WAayos, the sea, the ocean, and aaOpos, a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct saurian of the upper Jurassic formation. Pe las gl an ) ( penis'ji-an),) a. Of or pertaining Pe las gic ) (pe-lSs'jik), ) to the Pelasgi an s or Pelasgi; as, Pelasgie architecture, Pelasgie building. Pe las gi ans (pe-ias'jt-anz), j n. pi. * Pelasgi (pe-lfis'ji), J race, wmoiy eprunu over Greece and the coasts ana islands of the Mge- an Sea in prehistorlo times. Pel e ca nus (pSl'e-Wnas), ». The typical gemfe of Pelecanid®. * Pe 11 as (pS'll-as), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of vipers, including the common viper or adder (P. berua). Pel 1 cajft (pgl'i-kan), n. 1. {Ordnance.) A six- pounder oulverin. Admiral Smyth. 2, (Dental Surg.) An Instrument for extracting teeth, curved at the end like the beak of a pelictrn. Dunglison. Pel lack (pfil'ak), *. [Gasl. pelog, a porpoise.] A porpoise. Written also Ptilock and Pellok. [So.] 621 Pel lage (pgl'aj), ». [Lat. peUi», a skin.] Custom or duty paid for skins of leather. Pel la grin (pel-a'grin), n. One afflicted with pel- lagra. Chambers'1* Ency. Pellet (pgl'et), n. 1. (Her.) A black rouncjle, otherwise called ogress and gunstone, borne in coat armor. 2* (Numis.) A small pellet-shaped boss. T. Evans.—Pellet molding (Arch.), a flat band on which are circular flat disks, forming an ornament used in Norman architecture^. Pel let (pgl'et), v. t. To form into pellets or little balls. Pel 11 cle (pgl'i-kl), n. (Bot.) The outer cuticu- lar covering of plants. Balfour. Pel 11c u lar (pel-lTk'tl-ler), a. Relating to a pel- licle ; constituted by or consisting of a pellicle or pellicles. The homogeneous pellicular structure. Eenfrey. Pel lokk } (P6l./ok)' n• Same a8 PellaoJe. Pel lock (pgl'ok), n. A ball; a bullet. [Scotch.] Pel o con ite ) (pgl'o-fcon-It), n. [Gr. ireAo?, ttcA- Pel o kon Ite J Aos, dark-colored, and kovis, dust.] (Min.) A mineral which occurs amorphous, of a bluish black color and vitreous luster. ' Pel o pld (p£ro-p!d), a. Pertaining or belonging to Pelops or his descendants. Pel o pids (pgl'o-pldz), n. pi. See Pelopid«. Pelopidae (pe-lOp'i-de), n, pi. (Gr. Hist.) An appellation given to the Arglves, as being the de- scendants of Pelops, said to be the founder of the Argive dynasty. Pe lorla (pe-10'ri-a), n. [Gr. irt'Awp, a monster.] (Bot.) The appearance of regularity of structure in the flowers of plants which normally bear irreg- ular flowers. Pe lor lc (pe-lGiyik), a. [See above.] (Bof.) Ap- plied to flowers which are normally irregular, but assume a symmetrical form. Darwin. Pe lor Ism (pg'lor-Izm), n. Same as Peloria. Pelt (pSlt), n. 1. A piece of metal plaoed over the toe of a boot or shoe to protect it. The ball leather used in making inking-pad. Knight. Pel tat 1 fid (pel-tat'i-fld), n. (Bot.) A peltate leaf cut into subdivisions. Lindley. Pel tl de a (pel-tl'de-a), n. [Gr. WAnj, a target, and elfios, resemblance; form of the shields.] (Bot.) A genus of lichens. Pel tl form (pgl'ti-form), a. [Lat. pelta, a target, a shield, and forma, shape.] Having the shape of a shield, with the outline nearly orbicular. Henslow. Pel tl nerved (pSl'ti-n6rvd), o. [Lat. pelta, a tar- get, and Eng. nerve.] (Bot.) Applied to a leaf hav- ing nerves radiating from a point at or near the center. Pel to ca rls (p61/to-kfi//ris), n. [Gr. ireArrj, a half- moon, (and Kapt's, a shrimp.] (ZoOl.) A genus of leaf-footed bivalve crustaceans. Pelt-rot (pglt'rOt), n. A disease in sheep, in which the wool falls off, leaving the body bare ; hence it ia sometimes called the naked disease. Pel vis (pSl'vis), n. A term applied to the basal portion of the cup (calyx) of crinoids. Pern phi gits (pSm'fi-gus), n. [Gr. neni£, a bub- ble.] (Med.) A disease of the skin, consisting of eruptions of various sizes, from a pea to a walnut, and mostly attended by fever. Called also Pompho- lyx. Pen (pSn), n. 1* Style or quality of writing. 2* (Compar. Anat.) The internal horny skeleton of the cuttle-fish, consisting of a median shaft and of two lateral wings. H. A. Nicholson. Pe nal (pS'nal), a. Used as a place of punishment; as, a penal settlement.—Penal action (Scots Law), an action in which the conclusions of the summons are of a penal nature'; that is, when extraordinary damages, and reparation by the way of penalty, are concluded for.— Penal irritancy (Scots Law), the forfeiture of a right which incurs a penalty.—Penccti servitude* a species of punishment in the British criminal law introduced in 1863 in lieu of trans- portation.—Penal statutes, those statutes whioh im- pose penalties or punishments for an offense com- mitted.—Penal sum, la sum declared by bond to be forfeited if the condition of the bond be not ful- filled. Pe nal o gist (pe-nfil'o-jist), n. [PenaJ, and Gr. Aoyos, discourse.] One who studies "the various kinds of punishment as awarded to criminals, with the view to their reformation. Stormonth. Pen ance (pgn'ans), n. (R. Cath. Ch.) One of the sacraments; it implies contrition, confession, nnd satisfaction, and is followed by absolution. Froude. Pen-and-ink (pSn^'and-lngk7), a. *1. Literary; in writing. 1 The last blow struck in th^,pen-and-ink war.' CraiJe. 2. Applied to a drawing, sketch, or outline made with a pen and ink. Pe nang-laW yqr (pa-nflng^lfl/yer), n. A walk- ing-stick made from the stem of a palm (Licitala acutiflda) imported from Penang: said to have been so oalled because frequently used by persons who take the law into their own hands. [Eng.] Pen an nu lar (pgn-Sn'nfl-ler), a. [Lat. pene, al- most, and annulus, a ring.] Approaching the form of a ring: nearly ring-shaped or annular. Pen ant t (pSn'ant), )n. A person do- Pen aunt f (pln'ftnt or pSn'&nt),) ing penance. Cftauoers PENNI Pen chute (pgn'shflt), n. [Pen (perhaps for iTr/ pente, a slope), and Fr. chute, a fall.] A trough conducting the water from the race to the water- wheel. Knight. Pend (p6nd), n. (Arch.) In Scotland, an arched or covered entrance or passage through a block of buildings into an open lane or close. Pendant (pend'ant), n. An apparatus hanging from a roof or ceiliug for giving light by gae. Pen dent lve (pgn-dgut'iv), a.—Pendentive brack- eting, the coved bracketing springing from the wall of a rectangular area in an upward direction so as to form the horizontal plane into a complete circle or ellipse.—Pendentive cradling, ttie timber work for sustaining the lath and plaster in pendentives. Pen dl cle (pgn'di-klj, n. [From L'at. pendeo, to hang down.] [Scotch.] (a). A small piece of ground, either depending on a larger farm or let separately by the owner; a croft, (b) One church dependent on another.- (c) An inferior member of certain trades incorporations. Pen dl la to ry (pgn'di-la-to-ri), a. Hanging; pen- dulous. [R.] ' His dangling and pendtiatory 6wag- ging.' • Vrquhart. Pen drag on (pSn-drtfg'un), n. [W. pen, a head, and dragon, a leader.] A chief leader ; a general- issimo ; a chief king. Tennyson. Pen drag on ship (pgn-drSg/un-shIp), n. The 6tate, condition, or power of a pendragon. ' Tennyson. Pen dro (p^n'dro), n. A disease in sheep. Pend u late (pgn'dG-iat), v. i. To be so suspend- ed from a fixed point as to swing freely backward and forward ; to dangle ; hence, to be in a state of uncertainty or doubt. The ill-starred scoundrel pendulates between Heaven and Earth, a thing rejected of both. Carlyle. Pend ii lous (p6n'dfl-lfis), a. [Lat.pendulusytcom pendeo, to hang.] 1* Hanging so as to swing freely ; loosely pend- ent; hanging; swinging; swaying. 1 The pendulous skirts of these aerial curtains.'. De Quincey. 2» (Bot.) Having the apex pointing vertically downward: said of ovules hanging from the upper part of the ovary. Stormonth. Pe nel an (pe-nl'au), a. Of or pertaining to the river Peneius, which runs through the Vale of Tempe in Thessaly. Tennyson. Pen e tral (pgn'e-ft-al), n. [Lat. penetrale, the place in which the Penates were kept.] The interior part of anything; specifically, thp inner part of a building, as a temple or palace ;• a sanctuary, espe- cially the sanctuary of the Penates. Pen e trant (pSn'e-trant), n. A far-sighted per- eon ; a solver of enigmas. [R.] , North. Pen ful (pgn'fyl), n.pl. Pen fuls (pSn'fylz). As much as a pen will hold ; that with which a pen is filled. Pen-gos sip (pgn^gOs'ip)., v. i. To gossip by cor- respondence. Southey. Pe nl blef (pe-nfi'bl), a. [Fr.] 1. Industrious ; painstaking. Chaucer. 2. Painful. Lydgate. Pen 1 ell 11 um (pSn't-sIl^l-um), n. [From Lat. penicillum, a painter's pencil, alluding to the form of the filaments.] (Bot.) A genus of fungous plants found on decaying bodies and in fluids in a state of acetifloation. Pen in su lar (pe-nln'su-ler or pe-nln'shu-ler), a. —Peninsular tear, the contest which was maintained in the beginning of the present century in Spain and Portugal by the British and native forces against the French. Pen 1 ston (pSn'i-ston), n. Same as Pennistone. Penitential (pgnM-tgn^shal), a.—Penitential psalms, the psalme numbered vi., xxxii.,xxxviii., 1J., ciJ., exxx., cxliii. of the authorized version of the Bible, or vi., xxxi., xxxvii., 1., ciM exxix., cxlii. of the Vulgate. Pen 1 ten llary (pgn'Mgn^sha-ry), n. 1. (Ecbl.) In monastic establishments, a small building in which a penitent confines himself. The term was also applied to that part of a church to which peni- tents were admitted during divine service. 2* An institution for the jeformation of prosti- tutes. Penk (pSnk),n. A minnow or little fish. It.Walton. Pen na ceous (pen-na'shus), a. (Omith.) A term applied to a perfect feather, or one in jevery way complete: opposed to plumulaceous. Pen nal (pgn'nal), n. fLit. a pen-pase, from Lat. penna, a pen.] A name formerly given to the freshmen of the Protestant universities of Germany who were the fags of the elder students or nohorists. Pen nal ism fpgn'nal-Izm), n. An obsolete eyftem of fagging once practiced J>y the elder students ou the freshmen in.German Protestant universities. Pen-name (pgn'nSm), ». A nom de plume; a name assumed by an author or writer who wishes to conceal his real name. Bayard Taylor. Pen nat u la (pen-nfit'd-la), n. [Mod. Lat. pen- natulan a little pen, from penna, a feather, a pen.J (ZoOl.) A genus of coelenterateB, family Pennatu- lidre, and order Alcyonaria. Pen iia t|i 11 die (pgn'na-tf!"ll-de), n.pi. (ZoOl.) A-family of whiqh the sea-pen (Pennatula) is the type. Pen nt (pSn'nl), n. The hundredth part of the Finland mark, the equivalent of the Frenoh cent, iitoe. Silver pieces erf 50 nnd 25,peunis are struck, having a fineness of '750. - Notation : ft, 6,1,0, G, long; ft, 6,1,6,11, abort; a, e, 1, o, a, obscure; far, f»U, tfrst, c&re; m h6r. mOve, or; bull, tU Fr.; ft, Fr., ton; S&3F On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged dictionaries.PENNIED Pen med (pSn'nid), a. Having or possessed of a penny. The ont-pennied boy has his penny to spare. Wordsworth. Pen ni form (pgn'i-form), a. (Anat.) A term ap- plied to muscies In whioh the fibers pass obliquely outward on either side from a tendinous center. Pen nt stone (pgn'ni-ston), n. [From the village of Penistone in Yorkshire, England.] A coarse woolen stuff or frieze. Pen iiy (pfin'ni), n. In the phrases six-penny, eight- penny\ ten^penny nails, nails of such sizes that a thousand will weigh six, eight, or ten pounds, pen- ny retains its old meaning of pound weight.—A pen- ny for your thoughts, a common expression in ad- dressing one who is in a brown study. Greene. Pen ny-cress (pgn'ni-krgs), ». (Boi.) A crucifer- ous plant of the genus Thlaspi, the T. arvense, called also Mithridate Mustard. Pen ny-dog (pgn'ni-d5g), n. (Ichth.) A kind of shark; the tope. [Eng.] Pen ny-gaff (pgn'ni-gaf), n. A theater of a very low class, for admission to which a penny or some such low sum is charged. [Eng.] Pen sa f, n. [Lat.] A wey of cheese, salt, etc., equal to 256 lbs. Pen sa tlve f (pgn'sa-tiv), o. Same aB Pensive. Skelton. Pen sion (pgn'shrfn), n. 1* An annual payment made by each member of the inns of court to the houses. [Eng.] %, An assembly of the members of Gray's Inn to consult about the affairs of the society. [Eng.] Pen sion-writ (pgn'shun-rit), n. {Eng. Law.) A process formerly issued against a member of an inn of court when he was in arrear for pensions, com- mons, or other duties. Pen sy J(pgn'si), a. [Fr. pensi/.] Proud and con- Pen sle J ceited ; spruce. [Scotch.] Pen ta ce rot i dae (pgn'ta-se-rOf'i-dg^n.pJ. [Or. ireVTe, five, icepas, xeparo?, a horn, and et<5os, like- ness.] (ZoOl.) A family of star-fishes. Pen tac rl nus (pen-tak'rin-us), n. TGr. wcVre, five, and Kpivov, a lily.] (ZoOl.) A genus of echino- derms, comprehending those in which the animal consists of ajointed flexible column fixed at the base, and supporting on its free extremity a con- cave or spherical disc or body, terminating in five dichotomizing jointed cylindrical arms. The rosy feather-stars (Comatula) belong to this group, which is now named Orinoidea. Pentad (pSn'tad), n. [Gr. irei>ras, iremafios, the number five, from rrevTe, five.] (Chem.) An agent or element one atom of which will combine with five atoms of a monad. Antimony, arsenic, bis- muth, nitrogen, and phosphorus,, are regarded as pentads. Pen ta dac tyl ous (pgn/ta-d2k'/til-8s), a. Same as Pentadactyl. Pen ta del phous (pgn'ta-dgr'fOs), a. [Gr. irev- re, five, and a8eAw, to write.] A pen- tacle. Tennyson. Pen tail (pgn'tfll), n. (ZoOl.) A somewhat rat-like animal inhabiting Borneo, so called from the char- acter of its tail. See Ptilocebcus. Pen tarn er a (pen-t&m'er-a), n. pi. [Gr. ireVre, -flve» and/u-epos, a part.] (Entom.) One of the pri- mary sections into which coleopterous insects are divided by Latreille. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 4. Pen tarn e trise ? (pen-t&m'e-trTz), v. t. To turn Pen tarn e trizej into a pentameter; as, to pen- tametrise a verse. Southey. Pen tan der (pen-tSn'der), n.y (Bot.) A plant of the class Pentandria. Pen ta pilar ma con (pgn'ta-f&r^ma-kon), n. [Or. irevre, five, and tfrapnaicov, a drug.] (Med.) Any medicine composed of five ingredients. Dunglison. Pen ta pliyl lold al (pgn'ta-fil-loid"at), a. [Gr. irevre, five, vWov, a leaf, and elfios, resemblance.] (Bot.) Appearing to have five l«jftves; resembling five leaves. The Placentae are all ornamented with a pentaphylloidal flower. Pentaptycb (pSnt'ap-tlk), n. [Gr* irevre, five, andn-rvxij, a fold, a leaf.] (Eccl.) An altar-piece consisting of a central portion and double-folding wings on each side. , Fairholt. Pen ta se pal oas (p8n'ta-sS"pal-fiB),a. [Gr. nev- Te, five, and Eng. sepal.] (Bot.) Having five sepals. Pen tav a lent (pen-t3v'a-lent or pgnf'a-va'lent), a. [Gr. irevre, five, and Lat. valens, valentis, ppr. of valeo, to be able, to be of value.] (Chem.) A term applied to an element or compound radicle which enters into combination with a monad element or group in the proportion of 1 atom to 5. ch, cfcain; g, <70; j, job; ng, si ngr; frjjf on this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 622 Pen te graph (pgu'te-grSf), n. Same as Panto- graph. Pen tel lc (pen-tgl'ik), a. Same as Pentelican. Pent ste mon (pent-stS'mon), n. [Gr. irivre, five, and , to digest.] (Chem.) The substance into which the nitrogenous elements of the food (such as albumea, fibrine, casein, etc.) are converted by the action of the gastric juice : also called albuminose. Per a man (p6r'a-man), n. A resin obtained from a species of Moronobea. Per a mel i die (per-a-mgl'i-dg), n. pi. (ZoOl.) The bandicoots, a family of Australian marsupials, which appear to fill the place of the hedgehogs, shrew-mice, and other small insectivora of the Eastern Continent. Per cale (per-k&l'), n. [Fr.] A closely woven cot- ton fabric of fine texture, used for summer dresses. Per car buret (per-kai^bu-ret), ». (Chem.) A term applied to a carburet or carbide tfhich con- tains a maximum of carbon ; sometimes improper- ly used for other compounds of carbon. [R,] Perce a ble t (pers'a-bl), a. Pierceable ; penetra- ble. Percli (p6rch), n. (Vehicles.) (a) A pole con- necting the fore and hind gears of a spring carriage, (b) An elevated seat for the driver. Per che ron (pGr'she-rOn), a. Applied to* highly valued breed of horses first brought from Perche, an old district of France. Called also Norman-Per- cheron. Per ci dee (p6r'si-d6), n. pi.. [Lat. perca, Gr. trep*i}, a perch, and eWos, resemblance.] (Ichth.) A family of acanthopterygious fishes, of which the common perch is the type. Per cip i en cy (per-slp'i-en-si), n. Act or power of perceiving; state of being percipient; percep- tion. ' My percipiency of sin and fall.' E. B. Browning. P£r close (per-klOz' or per'klOz), n. (Her.) The lower part of the garter with the buckle, etc. It is also called .Demi-garter. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 5. 'Perc nop ter is (p^rk-nOp'ter-is), n. [Gr. irep«- pos, black, and vrepov, wing.] (Ornith.) The Al- pine or Egyptian vulture; Pharaoh's chicken. Per co late (p6r'ko-lat), n. (Phar.) That which is produced by percolation. Per ca laced (per'ktl-lJlst), o. (Her.) Latticed. Per cur rent (per-kur'ent), a. [Lat. per, through, and currens, running.] Running through from top to bottom ; passing through the whole length. Per cur so ry (per-k6r/so-ri)', o. [Lat. percursus, pp. of percurro, to run through or over anything.] Cursory; running over hastily or slightly desul- Per^ius sion (per-ktish'un), Percussion-fuse, a fuse in a projectile set in action by concussion when the projectile strikes the object.—Percussion- gun, a gun discharged by a percussion lock.—Per- cussion-stop (Mus.), a pianoforte stop to the har- monium, which renders the touch like that of the pianoforte. a Per di ci dae (per-dl'ei-dS), n. pi. [Lat. perdix, a cartridge, and Gr. elfios, likeness.] (Ornith.) The name of a sub-family of Tetraonidse. including the partridges (Perdix), francolins, and quails. Perdix (pfcrMiks), ». [Lat.] (Ornith.) The ge- neric name of the true partridges. The common partridge is P. cinereus. th, Men; th,tfcin; w,wig; wh, whlgi zh, plirases and definitions NOT contained ii PEKIDIUM Per da el ism ) (per-dfl'el-Izm), n. SameasPer* Per du el lism 3 duellion (which see). .Per du el li on (per-dfl-61 li-on). n. [Lat. perdu- '' ellio—per, intens., and duellum, original form of hel- ium, war, from duo, two.] (Civil Law.) Treason. Per dure (per-dflr'), v. i. To last for all time or for a long time ; to endure or continue long. Per during (per-dflr'ing), a. Long continuing; lasting ; perdurable. Per e grin i ty (pSr'e-gr!n//i-ti), n. Wandering; travel ; journey. [R.] Carlyle. Per emp to ry (pSr'omp-to-ri), a. — Peremptory day (Law), a precise time when a business by rule of court ought to be spoken \o.~Peremptory'defens- es (Scots Law), positive allegations which amount to a denial of the right of the opposite party to take action.—Peremptory pleas, those which are founded on some matter tending to impeach the right of ac- tion itself.— Peremptory writ, a species of original writ which directs the sheriff to cause the defend- ant to appear in court without an option given him. Per en chy ma (per-gn'ki-ma), n. [Gr. rnqpa, a sao, and eyxv^a, infusion.] (Bot.) A term some- times applied to cellular tissue containing starch. Per en dure (per-en-dllr'), v. i. [Lat. per, through, and Eng. endure.] To last or endure forever, or for a long time. ' Per enduring Rome.' Ency. Brit. Per en ni bran clii a ta (per-gn'ni-brSng'ki-a"- ta), n. pi. [Lat. perennis, perpetual, and branchiae, gills.] (ZoOl.) A section of amphibians of the nat. order Urodela, in which the branchiaa or gills are permanently retained. Per en ni bran clii ate(per-Sn/i-brftng//ki-St),n. (ZoOl.) An amphibian of the section Perennibran- chiata (which see). Perfect (p6r'fekt), a.—Pet feet concord (Mus.), a common chord in its original position.—Perfect con- sonance, the consonance produced by the intervals fourth, fifth, or octave.—Perfect time, an old name for triple time.—A perfeci^flower (Bot.), a flower which has both stamen ^hdPpistti, or at least anther and stigma. Per fec^ta tion (per-fek-tS'shun), ». The act or process*of bringing to perfection. Rendering the perfectation of the/race feasible. W. R. Greg. Per feet ing-press ( pSr^fekt-ing-prgs'), n* (Print.) A press in which the paper is printed on both sides during one passage through the*machine. Knight. Per fee tion ist (per-fgk'shun-ist), n. One of a small sect founded in the United States about the middle of the nineteenth century on socialist prin- ciples by John Humphrey Noyes, at Oneida Creek, in the state of New York. The name is sometimes also applied to the Wesleyan Methodists and Plym- outh Brethren, from their doctrine that man can attain to perfection in this life. Per fervid (per-f6r'vid), a. [Lat. 'perfervidus, from per, intens., and fervidus, fervid.] Very fer- vid ; very hot or ardent; very urgent. 4 No lack of perfervid protestation.' Quart. Rev. Per form ing (per-form'ing), p. a. Exhibiting performances or tracks ; as, & performing dog. Per fu my (per-fti'mi or per'fu-mi), a. Having a perfume; odorous; sweet-scented. 4 Per fumy breath.' Mrs. Oliphant. Per ga men ta ceous (pe^ga-men-t^'shus), a. Of the texture of parchment; pergameneous. Per get ting (p6r'jet-ing), n. Same as Pargeting. Per gun nail (per-gun'a), n. In Hindustan, a cir- cle of territory comprising a limited number of villages. Per i as tral (per-i-Ss'tral)^ a. [Gr. ire pi, about, and aaAo?, the brain.] (Pathol.) Inflammation seated iu the cortical substance of the brain. JPer 1 gas trie (pgr^-gils^trik), a. [Gr. wept, around, and yatrrip,' the belly.J Surrounding the belly.— Perigastric space, the cavity in which the stomach and other viscera in tie Polyzoa are situated, cor- responding to the abdominal cavity of the higher animals. Per 1 ge an (pgr'i-je"an), a. Relating to the peri- gee ; taking place about the time of the perigee. Per i glot lis (per/i-glot'/is), n. [Gr. irepi, and yXwrTa, the tongue.] (Anat.) A mass of small glandular grains at the lower part of the anterior surface of the epiglottis. Pe ri gord (pil-re-gor'), n. (Min.) An ore of man- ganese of a dark gray color, like basalt or trap. So called from Perigord, in France. Pe rig y nous (pe-rij'i-nus), a.—Perigynous inser- tion (Bot.), the insertion of the stamens upon the inner surface of the calyx, at some distance from the axis of the flower, as in the rose and strawberry. Per 1 hex a lie dral (per-i-hSks'a-he 'dral), a. [Prefix peri, and hexahedral.'] (Crystallog.) Ap- plied to a crystal whose primitive form is a four- sided prism, and in the secondary form is converted into a prism of six sides. Peri jove (pSr'i-jOv), n. [Gr. irepi', about, and Jove, Jupiter.J (Astron.) That point in the orbit of any one of the moons of Jupiter which is nearest that planet: formed on the type of perigee. Per 1 met rlc al (per-i-mgt'rik-al), a. Of or per- taining to the perimeter. Per 1 morpli (per'i-morf), n. [Gr. irepi, about, and mop(/>>), form.] {Min.) A mineral or crystal in- closing other minerals or crystals. See Endo- morph. """ Per 1 oc ta he dral (per-i-ttk'ta-hS''dral), a. [From Gr. rrepi, about, oktuj, eight, and eSpa, seat, base, side.] (Crystallog.) Applied to a crystal whose primitive form is a four-sided prism, and which in its secondary form is contorted into a prism of eight sides. Pe ri od (pS'ri-od), n. A term having particular reference to the present age or time in contradis- tinction from all other ages of the world, whether past or future ; as, the girl of the period; the young man of the period. Pe ri od ic al (pe'ri-5d"ik-al), a. Pertainingilto a periodical or publication appearing at regular in- tervals, as a. newspaper, magazine, and the like. t Periodical criticism. Craik. —Periodical diseases, those of which the symptoms recur at stated intervals.—Periodic functions, in the higher mathematics, those which, performed any given number of times on a variable, repro- duce the simple variable itself.—Periodic inequali- ties, those disturbances in the planetary motions caused by their reciprocal attraction in definite pe- riod q. Pe ri o dol o gy (pe'ri-o-d51"o-ji), n. fGr. irepLo- 5os, a course or circuit, and hoyo?, a discourse,] (Med.) The doctrine of periodicity in health and disease. .Dunglison. JPerji o don tal (^pgr/i-o-d6n//tal), a. ^[Gr. irepi, around, and oSovs, oSovtos, a tooth.] Applied to the membrane that lines the socket of a tooth. Pe riod o sc«»i>e (pC-ri-5d'o-sk0p), n. [Gr. irepi- 080?, a period, aud o-Kon-ew, to view.] (Surg.) An instrument designed for the ready calculation of the periodical functions of women. Knight. Per i oe ci (per-i-S'sI), «.• pi. [Gr. irepioucot—irepi, around, and oIkos, a house.] In ancient Greece, the name given to the original Achaian inhabitants of Laconia their Dorian conquerors. Perl ce cian (p£r/i-6"ehan or pgr'^'shi-an), n. One of the Periceci. Per i os te al (pSr^-Ss^te-al), ) o. Of or belong- Per i os te ous (p3t'i-5s"te-us), ) ing to the per- iosteum ; constituted by the periosteum. Per i os te ura (per'i-Ss'te-um), n—Internal per- iosteum, a term sometimes applied to the medulla- ry membrane. Peri os to sis (pgr'i-os-tC'sis), n. {Med.) An tu- mor of the periosteum. Dunglison. Per i os tos tei tis (p6r/i-os-tos-tT'/tis), n. (Med.) Simultaneous inflammation ofjhe periosteum and bone. Dunglison. Peripatetic (p£r'i-pa-tSt"ik), ? a. Walking Per i pa tet ical (per'i-pa-tSt"ik-al)t) about; itinerant. Peripatetic (pSr'i-pa-t8t"ik), n. An itinerant teacher or preacher : used ironically.. Stormonth. Per i pe ti a (p6r'i-pe-tl"a), n. [Gr. irepmereia— , irepi, about, and iriirrw, to fall.] A technical term for that part of a drama in which the plot is unrav- eled, and the whole concludes ; the denouement. Peripherally (pe-rTf'er-al-il, adv. In a pe- ripheral manner; so as to be peripheral. Owen's own facts tend to show....that they make their first appearance peripherally* H. Spencer. Peri phrase (pgr'i-frftz), v. i. To make use of circumlocution or periphraso. 623 Per i phyl 11 a (P6r/i-fll"i-a), pi. [Gr. around, and 4>v\\oi>, a leaf.] (Bot.) A term ap- plied to the minute hypogynous scales found within the palese of grasses. Per i plast (per'i-plast), n. [Gr. irepi, around, and nhdcraio, to mold.J (Physiol.) The inter-celiular substance or matrix in which the organized struct- ures of a tissue are imbedded. Per ip lo ca (per-Ip'lo-ka), n. [Gr. irepinkoKy, a twining—t.-epi, about, irAe#cw, to plai^ to twine, to twist, alluding to the haljjt of the plants.] (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Asclepi- adacege. • Per ip neu mo nia(p6r/ip-ntl-m0//ni-a),n. Same as Peripneumony. Per ip neu mon ic al (pSr'ip-ntl-m8n//ik-al), a. Same as Peripneumonia. Pe rip ter os (pe-rlp'ter-os), n. A peripteral edi- fice. Pe rip terous (pe-rlp'ter-fts),®. (Arch.) Perip- teral. Per i pyr ist (per-i-plr'ist), n. [Gr. irepi, around, and 7rvp, fire.] A sort of cooking apparatus. Per i sarc (pfir'i-sSrk), n. (Compar. Anat.) The chitinous investment by which the soft parts of the Hydrozoa are often protected. Allman. Per i scop ic (per^-skftp^ik), )a. Applied to Per i scop ic al (per'i-skOpl7ik-al), ) a 4ens for microscopes having two plano-convex lenses ground to the same radius, aud between their plane surfa- ces a thin plate of metal with an aperture the diam- eter of which equals one-fifth of the focal length. Perish a ble (per'ish-a-bl), a.—Perishable goods, goods which perish and lose their value if not consumed soon, 6uch as fish, fruit, aud the like.— Perishable monition, the public notice by a court for the sale of anything in a perishable condition. Peri some (per'i-sOm), n. [Gr. irepi, around, and <7, ». [A form of perch.'} A pole placed horizontally, on which yarns, etc., are hung to dry : also, a peg (perket) for aimilar purposes. [Prov. Eng.] Perk (p6rk), v. i. To hold or thrust itself to ri®w in a pert and unexpected manner. PERSIMMON I Perk et (p6rk;et), n. A small perk. Per kin (p6r kin), n. [For perrykin.] A Mud of weak perry. [Eng.] Perking (pSrk'ing),^. Sharp; scanning .pertly and keenly; inquisitive/ He is a tall, thin, bony man with....little restleea, perking eyes. Dickens. Per 11 dae (pfer'li-de), n. pi. [From perla, one of the genera, and Gr. eifios, resemblance.] (Entom.) A family of neuropterous (according to some or- thopterous) insects, distinguished by the large size of the posterior pair of wings. Sometimes called Stone-flies. Permanent (p6r'ma-nent), a.—Permanent inh% a solution of nitrate of silver thickened with sap- green or cochineal, used for marking linen.—Per- manent white, sulphate of baryta. It is used in the manufacture of fine earthenware, and as a pigment. Permanganic (per-man-gan'ik), a. (Chem.) Obtained from manganese. — Permanganic acid (Mn2OsH2), an acid obtained in a state of aqueous solution by decomposing barium salt with sulphuric acid. Per mis sive (per-mls'iv), a.—Permissive laws, such laws as permit certain persons to have or en- joy thp use of certain things, or to do certain acts. —Permissive waste (Law), the neglect of necessary* repairs. Per mu ta tion (p6r'mu-t5//shun), «.—Permuta- tion lock, a lock in which the moving parte are ca- pable of transposition, so that being arranged in any concerted order, it becomes necessary before shooting the bolt to arrange the tumblerR. Knight. Pern (p6rn), ». (Ornith.) Pemis apivorus, the honey-buzzard, a species of kite that feeds on bees,, wasps, and the like. Per nick etty (per-nlk'et-ti), a. [T?robably Fr. par, through, by, and niquet, a trifle.] Precise in* trifles; fastidious; very trim in dress. [Scotch.] Per o rate (pgr'o-rat), v. i. To make a peroration also, to speechify ; to spout. Infuriated persons perorated from chairs. Sat. Rev^ Per pen die u lar (p^'pen-dlk^u-ler), a.—Per- pendicular style (Arch.), the florid or Tudor style o£ Gothic. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 6.—Perpendicular lift, a con- trivance on canals for passing boats from one level to another. Per pen die n lar (p^'pen-dlk^u-ler), n. (Gun.) A small instrument for finding the center line of a piece of ordnance, in the operation of pointing it at an object. * ' Per pe tra ble (pSr'pe-tra-bl), a. Capable of be- ing perpetrated. [R.J North. Per pe trate (per'pe-trSt), v. t. Used humorously for to produce something execrable or shocking; as, to perpetrate a pun. Sir P. induced two of his sisters to perpetrate a duet. Charlotte Bronti. Pejrpetuable (per-pSt'u-a-bl), a. That may bep perpetuated or continued indefinitely. Varieties are perpetuable, like species. Asa Gray. Per pet u ance (per-pgt'u-ans), n. The act of rendering perpetual; the state of being perpetuat- ed or made everlasting; preservation from extinc- tion. Per pet a ate (per-pSt'u-at), a. Rendered perpet- ual ; perpetuated. Per pet u a tion (per-p8t'u-3/'8bun), n.—Perpet- uation of testimony (Law), the taking of testimony, in certain cases, in order to preserve it for future use. Pers f (p^rs), a. Sky colored ; of a blue or purple color: applied in the first place to color of cloth from Persia. - Chaucer. Per sant f (p6r;sant), a. [Fr. pergant. ppr. of j>er- ger, to pierce.] Piercing. Chaucer; Spenser. Per scrute f (per-skrOf), v. t. and t. To make a thorough search or inquiry ; to investigate. 1 To perscrute the matter.' Borde. Perse (pers),o. Same as Pers. Longfellow. Per se a (per-sg'a), n. (B )t.) A genus of Lauraceas. Perse i des (per-sS'i-dgi,), n. pi. (Astron.) A name- given to the August meteors, because they seem to radiate from the constellation Perseufe. Per slan (per'shan or per'shi-an), n. A thin silk, used principally for lining coats, gowns, and petti- coats in the seventeenth century. Blanche.—Per- sian apple, the peach.—-Persian blinds, jalousies; Venetian blinds.—PersiaWcarpet, a carpet made in one piece, instead of in breadths or strips to be joined.—Persian fire (Med.), same as Anthrax.— Persian lily (Bot.), a plant of the genus Fritillaria (F. persica), a native of Persia, and cultivated as a garden flower.—Persian powder, a preparation of the flowerB of the composite plant Pyrethrum came- um or roseum, which are dried and reduced to the form of a powder, which has wonderful efficacy in destroying noxious insects. Per si ca ri a (p^r'si-kS'^i-a), n. [Fr. persicaire, from L. Lat. persicarius, from Lat. persica., a peach.] (Bot.) The common name of various Brit- ish plants of the genus Polygonum ; also the gener- ic name of P. orientate? Per si fleur (p&r-se-flSr), n. One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer ; a quiz. 4 There never was- such & persifleur.' Carlyle. Per sfim mon ) (per-sTm'mon), n.—To rake up the Per sim on | persimmons, to rake up the plums of the persimmon tree ; to draw in the mon- ey ; to pocket the stakes. [Amer. Slang.] Notation: ft, 6,1, 0, tl, long; ft, 6,1, 0, ti, short; a, e, i, o, % obscure; far, f&ll. fast, cfcre: h6r, mOve. or; bull, a, Fr.; Fr., to* ,* on this page will be found words, phrases and deimiuions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Woiv cester s Unabridged Dictionaries.PERSISTED Tli Y Per slst ent ly (per-slst'ent-li),arfv. In a persist- ent manner ; perseveringly ; tenaciously. Personal (p6r'en-al), a.—Personal bond (Scots Law), b bond which acknowledges receipt of a sum of money, and binds the granter, his heirs, ex- ecutors, and successors to repay the sum at a speci- fied term, with a penalty in case of failure, and in- terest on the sum while the same remains unpaid. —Personal capital, that kind of capital which an in- dividual possesses in his own person, in the form of natural energy, acquired skill, proved character, and capacity for business.—Personal diligence or execution (Scots Law), a process which consists of arrestment, poinding, and imprisonment. Per son ate (p6r/sn-at), n. See Personated. Per son at erf (pGr'^n-flt'ed), p. a. [Lat. persan- , atusy marked, counterfeit, from persona, a mask.] Counterfeited ; feigned disguised ; pretended. Per spec tlve (per-spCk'tlv), n.—Oblique or angu- lar perspective is where the plaue of the picture is supposed to be at an angle to the side of the princi- pal object in tho picturo, as a building, for instance. —Parallel perspective, when the plane of the picture is parallel to the side of the principal object.— ; Perspective plane, the surface on which the object or picture is delineated, or it is the transparent sur- face or plaue through which we may suppose ob- jects to be viewed. It ia also termed the Plane of Projection and the Plane of the IHcture. Per »pl rate (p&r'spi-rfit), v. i. To perspire ; to sweat. I persplrate from head to heel. Thackeray. Per spl ra tton ( pGr'spi-rg^shun ), n. ..Perspira- tion is divided into insensible and sensible, the for- mer being separated in the form of an invisible va- por, the latter so as to become visible by condensa- tion in the form of very little drops adhering to the skin. Per splr a to ry (per-splr'a-to-ri), a.—Perspira- tory ducts (Anat.), spiral tnbes which commence ap- parently in the corium or true skin, proceed up- ward between the papillfe, and terminate by open pores upon the surface of the cuticle. * Per spire ( per-splr'), v. i. + To breathe or blow through. ' What gentle winds perspire ." Herrick. Per strep er ous (per-strSp'er-fis), a. [From Lat. perstrepo, to make a great noise—per, intens., and slrepo, to make a noise.] Noisy ; obstreperous ; loud ; clamorous. You are too peratreperous, Bauce-box. Ford. Per suad a ble ness (per-swfld'a-bl-nes), n. The state or quality of being persuadablea complying disposition. Jane Austen. Per sul pliate (per-stil'fat), n. (Chem.) That sul- phate of a metal which contains the greater relative quantity of acid. Per su) phn ret (per-sfil'fu-ret^n. {Chem.) That one of the combinations of metals»wlth sulphur, in which the latter bears the largest proportion. Per sway f (per-swtt'j, v. t. To soften; to miti- gate ; to allay ; to assuage. B. Jonson. Perth ite (p6rth'It), n. (Min.) A variety of feld- spar, from Perth, in Upper Canada. Worcester. Pea* tur ba tlon (pfir'ter-bS'shun), n.—Perturba- tions of the planets (Astron.), their orbital irregu- larities ok deviations from their regular elliptic orbits. Per tur ba trix (p^'ter-ba'trlks ), n. A female that perturbs ; a woman who breaks the peace. Per tu sate (per-t(Tzat), a. (tpot.) Having the apex pierced. Per ule (pCr'tll), n. [Lat. perula, a little bag, dim. of pera, a wallet.] (Bot.) (a) The covering of a leaf-bud formed of scales; (b)*a sac formed in some orchids by the prolonged and united bases of two of the segments of their perianth; (c) same as Perithe- cium. Per u que rl an (p6r/tl-k6'/rl-an), a. Pertaining to a peruke, or to the craft of wig-making. ' Those chef-d'ceuvres of peruquerian art.1 [Humorous.] Dickens. Pes ant ed f (pgz'ant-ed), a. [Fr. pesant, heavy.] Heavy ; hence, dull; stupid ; debased ; ensla'ved. 4 Thus pesanted to each lewd thought's control.' Mar 8 ton. Pe se ta (pe^sS'ta), n. The unit of value ixr Spain. It is worth nearly 9Jd. sterling or 19 ceuts. Pes si mlsm (pfia'im-Izrn), n. [Lat pessimus, the worst.] The spirit pr doctrine thaf maintains the most unfavorable view of everything in nature, and that the present state of things only tends to evil: opposed to optimism. Sydney Smith. Pes si mist (p^s'im-ist), n. One who believes in or^ upholds the doctrine of pessimism.' Pessimistic ( pS3'i- mlst"ik ), a. Belating to, characterized by, or of the nature of, pessimism; taking a gloomy view of things ; as, the pessimistic theory or doctrine. Pes si mlze (pSsMm-Iz), v. i. To hold or express tho belief or doctrines of a pessimist. Sat. Rev. Pes ta loz zl an (p^s'ta-lof'si-an), a. Applied to a system of elementary education instituted by a Swiss philanthropist named Pestalozzi. This system addressed Itself immediately to the sensations and conceptions of children, effecting their education" by constnutly calling all their powers into exercise. Pes ter ment (pgs'ter-ment), «. The-aot of pes- tering ; the stale or rewlt of being pestered; troub- le ; annoyance; woipyfc bother; vexation. « Franklin. 624 Pest fnl ( pgst'fgl Y. a. Pestiferous; pestilential 4 Long and pestful w, to carve, to sculpture.] The art orpperation of carving inscriptions and figures on rocks *ox stones. The most noted example of. this process is found atBehistun, a steep rock or mount- ain in Persia, referring chiefly to the conquests of Darius Hystaspes. 'Pe trog ra pner (pe-trQg'ra-fer), n. One who studies petrography; one. versed in the study of rocks. Pe trog rapliy (pie-trfig'ra-fl), n. The study of rocks ; a scientific description of rocks ; specifical- ly, that department of geology which investigates the mineralogical constitution of rocks ; petrology. Pet ro lene (pSt'ro-lCn),w. (Chem*) A liquid sub- stance obtained by distilling the petroleum of Be- chelbronn. It is a carbureted hydrogen. Pe troleum-burn er (pe-trfV'le-um-bSrn'er),*!. A burner contrived to vaporize and consumtfliquid petroleum fed to it from a reservoir. E. H. Knight.r Pet ro log lc (p6t/ro-15j//ik), ) a. Relating to Pet ro lag lc al (pSt/ro-16j/'ik-al), f or involving petrology, or the scientific investigation of rocks. Pet ro log 1 cal ly (pSfro-toj^ik-'al-li), adv. In a petrological manner; in a manner connected with or relating to study of rocks. Pe trol o gist (pe-fcrSl'o-gist), ». A student of pe- trology, or one versed in the mineralogical consti- tution of rocks. Nineteenth Century. PHiENOGAM P© trol O gy (pe-trOl'o-ji), n. [Gr. irfcrpo?, a rock, and Xoyos, a treatise.] The study of the constitu- tion, structure and general nature of rocks, by in- vestigating the chemical composition of the sepa- rate mineral ingredients of which they conajst. ' Spelled also Petrology. Pet ro my zon (pgt'ro-mr'zon), n. [Gr. irerpo?, a stone, and /xv£w, to suck.] (ZoOl.) A genus of fishes whose form and motion resemble those of the eel; the lampreys. Pet ro my zon 1 dse (p81/ro-mi-i6n//i-d6), n. See P^jaoMYzoN. Pet ro-oc clp 1 tal (pfifro-ok-slp^i-tal), a. [Gr. nerpa, a rock, and Eng. occipital.] (Anat.) Belong- ing to the petrous portion of the temporal bone and to the occipital bone.—Petro-occipital suture, a suture or deep groove formed by the junction of the petrous portion of the temporal bone with the occipital bone^ Dunglison. 'Pet ro-sphe nold al ( p5t 'ro -sfS-noid^al), .a. [Lat. petra, a rock, and Eng. sphenoidal.'] (Anat.) Belonging to the petrdus portion of the temporal bone and to the sphenoid bone.—Petro-sphenoidal suture, the small suture formed by the anterior edge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the posterior edg,e of the sphenoid. Dunglison. Pet ro-ste a rlne ( p5t' ro- st5"a- rln ), n. [Gr Wrpos, a rock, and crreap, tallow.] Mineral etearine; ozocerite. It is used for making certain kinds of candles. Pet tali (pSt'tfl), n. [Hind. petK.] The suburb of a fortified town; the town outside a fort. JAnglo- Indian.l Pet tl chaps (pgt'ti-cbSps), n. Same as Pettychaps. Pet tl coat (p6t'i~k0t), n. A woman. 'Disarmed —defied by a petticoats W. H. Ainsworth.—Petti- coat government, female government, either polit- ical or domestic; female home rule. Pet tie (pgt'l), n. A small spade or-paddle to cldan a plow with. | Scotch.]. Burns. Pet ty (pgtfi), a.—Petty averages (Com. and Navig.y, the accustomed duties of anchorage, pilotage, etc., which, when they occur in the usual course of a voyage, are not considered as a loss, but as part of the necessary expense.—Petty bag, formerly an of- fice in chancery in England, the Clerk of which had. the drawing up of parliamentary writs. -~Petty-caeh book, a book in whioh small receipts and payments are entered. Pet ty-rlce (pet'i-rfs), n. A name for the white seeds of a South American plant (Chenopodium quinoa), used extensively in Chili and Peru aB an article of food in t he form of porridge, cakes, etc. Pe tul cl ty t (pe-tfil'si-ti), n. The state or quality of being petulcous; wantonness; friskiness. Bp. Hall. Pe tu nl a .(pe-tU'ni-a), n. [Brazil. Petun, tobac- co.] (Bot.) A genus of American herbaceous plants, nat. ordejy'Solanaceje, nearly allied to tobacco. They are mueh prized by horticulturists for the beauty of their flowers. Peu ced a num (pfl-sgd'a-num or pfl-eg'da-num), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants nat. order Umbel- liferte. P." officinale is the hog's fennel or sea eul- phurwort. Peu tin ge rl an (ptTtin-ge^ri-an), a. A term ap- plied to a table of the roads of the ancient Roman world, so named from Conrad Peutinger, a native of Augsburg, who was the first to make it generally known. Pew ter (ptt'ter), a. Relating to or maue or pew- ter. Bacon. Pey er's Glands (pl'erz glSndz), n. pt. (Anat.) The clustered glands of the>intestines, first dis- covered by Peyer, a Swiss anatomist. Peyne t (pan), > v. i. To strive; to endeavor; Peyn enf (pfln'en), ) Ho takejpalns. Chaucer. Pez o phaps (pSz'O-faps), ». (;Gr. *•?£<$?, on foot, and a pigeon.] (Omith.) The generic name of the solitaire (P. solitaria), a-large rasorial bird, closely allied to the dodo. Pez o po rl nae (pgz'0-p0-rl//n5), n.pl. [Gr. we£- tmopos, going on foot, from jt«£os, on foot, and iropevut to go.] (Omith.) The grotmd-pBtFak^ets, a sub-famfly of the Peittacid® Pfahl ball ten (pfftl-bou'ten), n.pl. [(}.pfahl, a pale, and bauten, dwellings, from bauen, to build.] The name given by German archaeologists to prehis- toric; lake-habitations. Gee Lacustrine. Pfennig (pfCn'ig), ) n. [Akin penny (which Pfen nlng (pfgn'ning), J see).] A small copper coin of various values, current in Germany and the neighboring states. Ten pfennige of the present German currency are worth a little over an En- glish penny or two cents. Pha co chere ) (fa'ko-kCr or fSk'o-kGr), n. [Gr. Pha co choere T a leutli-shaped wart,from a.Kij. a lentil, and xoipos, a hog.] (Zo6l.) The wart- hog of Africa, a pachydermatous mammal of the genus Phacochcerus. Pha cold (fS'koid), a. £Gh*. a ldDtll^nd elio?, resemblance.] Having the form or appearance of a lentil. Pha cops (fff'kops or fffk'ops)* n. [Gr. a lentil, and o*p, eye.] (Paleon.) A genus fossil trilobites. P. latifrons is characteristic of the De- vonian formation, and is all but world-wide in its distribution. Phse no gam (fS'no-gam), n. [Gr. 4, to ap- pear, and ya/u.oc, marriage.] (Bot.) ▲ phaneroga? mous plant: opppsed to cryptogam. * _ ~Aoh,c/ialni «. jrt 00i J.Job» ng, slw; Ql then; th, f/iin r^w^jwig; wfe, toftlg; zh, asurp ; oo, food; oi,oil; ou, p#uBd./ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions InoT contained in tlie latest editions of Webster's and Wor* cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PH^tonin^E Phffl to nl nae (f6'to-nl"n6), ». pi. (Omith.) The tropiobirds.a sub-family of oceanic natatorial birds, Inhabiting intertropical regions. Phag © den 1c al (f£j'e-d£n"ik-al), a. Same aa Phaoedenio. PUalu cro corax (ffil'a-krO"ko^raks), n. [Gr. AaAaxp6ft bald-headed, and ic6pa£, a crow, a raven. 1 ( Omith,) The cormorant, a &enus of palmiped birds. Pha lange (fa-lSnjO, ». [Gr. dAaY£.] 1 • A phalanx; one of the small bones of the fin- gers and toes. . H. Spencer. %• (Bot.) A collection of several stamens joined more or less by their filament. Pha lan g© an (fa-ian'je-an), a. Relating to a phalanx; plialangal, Pna langl die (fa-lSn'ji-dS), «. pi. [Gr. aAay- £ovt a venomous spider, and el5oc, resemblance, om $dA.ay£, a name given to a spider from the long joints of its legs.] (Bntom.) A family of Arachnid®, called Harvest-men or Shepherd-spiders. Phalanx (la'langks or fftl'angks), n. (Zoolog- ical Gkusiftoation.) A term sometimes used for a division included by the family, and including the genus. Pnal lie (f&Tllk), a. Pertaining to tbe phallus; pertaining to the worship of the generative prin- ciple in nature; pertaining to the indecent rites connected with the orgies of Bacchus. J*hal lias (firius),*!. [Gr. aAAos, the virile organ.] The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in solemn procession in the Bacchic orgies of ancient Greece, and also an object of veneration or worship among various Oriental nations. Plian e rite (ffln'e-rlt), a. [Gr. #afepos, visible, from to appear.J Open to view; visible ; obvious; evident.—Phanerite series (Geol.), the up- permost stage of the crust of the earth, constitut- ing the deposits formed by causes in obvious opera- tion. Stormtmth. Plian © ro-crys tal line (fau'e-ro-krls^tai-lln), a. Noting rocks that are distinctly crystalline ; in distinction from orypto-crystalline. Plian ©r o gam (f&n'er-o-gam), n. (Bot.) A phan- erogamic plant. H. Spencer. Phan ©r o ga nil a (fSn'or-o-gS^mi-a), n.pl. [Gr. 4>avtp6?,.manifest, and ya/iot,marriage.] (Bot.) A primary division of the vegetable kingdom, com- prising those plants which have their organs of re- production developed and distinctly apparent. Writ- ten also Phcenerogamia. Plian si gar (f&n'si-g&r), n. A hereditary stran- gler; a thug. Pnan tas ma go rl a (fan-tSz'ma-gfVri-a), ) , Plian tag ma go ry (fan-t&z'ma-go-ri), J ' PHILOSOPHEME Pbl lan der (fiUl&n'der), v. i. [From Philander, ft. virtuous youth in Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, be- tween whom and a married lady named Gambrina there were certain tender passages,] To make love sentimentally to a lady ; to flirt; to pretend admira- tion ; to coquet. 'Emissaries of a philandering Faustus.1 [Humorous.] Thackeray. Pill lan der er (fl-l&n'der-er), », One who phi- landers; a male flirt. 'The Oxford philanderers.* Kingsley. Pill lan thro plst 1c (fi-lSn'tbro-pIsfik), a. Re- lating to, produced by, or characterizing, a philan- thropist ; professibg benevolence. [R.j Phi lat e list (fl-lfit'e-list), n. A collector of post- age Btamps as objects of curiosity or interest. [Re- cent.] Philately (fi-lSt'e-li), n. [Said to be from Gr. ^t'Aoc, loving, and areAeta, exemption from tax.] The collection of postage-stamps, especially of rare or foreign issues, as objects of curiosity. [Recent.] Phil a to ry (fll'a-to-ri), n. [Probably a corrup- tion ot phylacteny.] ■ (P. Cath. Ch.) A transparent reliquary placed horizontally, with an ornamented top, used for exhibiting the bones of saints, etc. Pugin; Fairholt. Phi llpl urn (fi-llp'i-um), n. [Named in honor of Philip Plantamour, a French chemist.] (Min.) A variety of cerium, discovered in 1878 by Delafon- tnine. Its atomic weight is 9C"95. Phi lip pi an (fi-lfp/pi-an), n. (Oeog.) A native or inhabitant of Philippi, a city of ancient Greece ; as, the epistle of Paul to the Philippians. Phi lip pi an (fi-Up'pi-an), a. (Qeog.) Of or per- taining to Philippi or its inhabitants. Phi lis ter (fi-lte'ter), n. [G., a Philistine.] A comroonplaoe person of limited culture and ideas; a phiiistine. See Philistine. A man of such spiritual habitlfdes is now by the Ger- mans called a Philister, Philistine. Carlyle. Phi lis tine (fl-lls'tln (tin) or tf&s-tln), n. 1. The English form of Phili'ster, aterVn applied by German students to any one who ha? notNbeen trained in a university. Hence, a matter-of-fact, commonplace J>erBon, especially of the middle class, deficient in iberal culture and large intelligence, and so want- ing in sentiment and taste, entirely imbued witli utilitarianism ; a person of narrow views ; a man of 'parochial' intellect; a prosaic, practical man. [Cant.] Matt. Arnold. 2. A person who in all probability would do one an injury an unsparing foe ; an enemy. 3* A bailiff or catchpole. He had fallen into the hands of the Philistines (which is the name given by tho faithful to bailiffr). Fielding. • Phi lis tin ism (fi-lls'tin-lzm or fll'ls-tin-Izm), «. Manners or modes of thinking of Philistines ; char- acter of tbe Philistines; want of sentiment or taste. Philistinism, that plant of essentially Germanic growth. ^ Matt. Arnold. Phil lipsi a (ftt'lips-i-a), n. [After Professor Phil- lips, the discoverer.] (Paleon.) A genus of triJo- bites found in the mountain limestone of England and Ireland. Phi loc al 1st (fi-lSk'al-ist), n. [Gr. i'A0f, loving, and KaAos, beautiful.] A lover of the beautiful. [R.J Phi lol'e list (fi-lOre-list), n. [Gr. i'Aos, loving, and Lat. felis, a cat.] A lover of cats. Southey. Phi log al 1st (fi-log'al-ist), n. [Gr. i'Aos, loving, fondness, and yvvrj^ a woman.] 1. Fondness for or love of women; uxorious- ness. ' Because the Turks so much admire philogy- nyByron. il» Friendship for women ; the doctrine that the highest type of humanity- is found in women : con- tradistinguished from misogyny. Phil o logue (fll'o-lSg), n. Same as Philologist. Latham. Philology (fi-151'o-ji), n. The science of lan- guage ; linguistic science ; linguistics. This is now a corpmon signification of the term, but the qualified title" of comparative philology is preferable to ex- press this meaning. ' Phil o som a tist (fIl/o-s6m//a-ti8t), n. [Gr. Ao?, loving, a, lover, and o-w/ia, trwftaTo?, tbe body.] A lover of the body. [R.] Phil o soph ) (fll'o-sOf), n. [Fr.] A philosopher; Phil o sophe ) a petty or puny philosopher; a shallow theorist in philosophy. [Used in contempt.} TR.] Carlyle. Phil o sophe dom (fll'o-sof-dum), n. The re- gion, realm, or province of philosophism, or of the philosophes; philosophes collectively; philoso- phism. ' Eleutheromaniac philosophedom.' Carlyle. Phi los o'phe ma (fi-lSs'o-fg^ma), ? n. [Gr. i- Phl los o pheme (ft-lfts'o-fgm), J • Koaofana, from tAo, to love knowledge, discuss, inquire, from -tA6dpjuLaxoi/, medicine, and Hvvafj.is, pow- er. J That branch of pharmacology which treats of the power or effects of medicine. Phar ma cog no si a (f&r/ma-kap/xaxov, a drug, aud dpvy£, the pharynx, and Ppdyxia, gills. J (Johth.) An order of- fishes comprising only the lancelefc See Bkanohxostoma. Pha ryn go gna thi (fa-ring/go-gna"thI), n. pi. [Gr. ^apvyf, the pharynx, and yvdflos, the jaw.] {Johth.) An order of teleosteous fishes, in which the inferior pharyngeal bones are anchylosed so as to form a. single bone, which is usually armed with Pha ryn go tome (fa-rln'go-tOm), n. (Surg.) A surgical instrument used to scarify inflamed ton- sils, and to open abscesses which form in the pari- etes of the pharynx. Ph&ft col o mys (fas-kOl'o-mis), n. [Gr. $ddai)Ao?, a kidney-bean, and At£o?, a stone.] leon.) A fossil leguminous plant. Page. Pha si a nel la (ffi'si-a-ngl^la or fS^-a-nSl^la), n. (Conch.) The pheasant-shell, a genus of turbin- ated, gasteropodous mollusca. Phas mi d»e (fas'mi-dS), n. pi. [Gr. ^>do-/xa, a spec- ter, and likeness.] Specter insects or walking- sticks, a family of orthoptorous insects allied to the Mantidre, remarkablfe for their very close re- semblance to the objects in the midst of which they live, this peculiarity, known as mimicry, being their only protection against their enemies. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 7. Phat a gin (ffit'a-jin), n. (ZoOl.) The Manis te- * tradactyla,, or four-toed manis. Plieas ant-cuck oo (fSz'ant-ky'kO), n. (Omith.) The name commonly given to the birds of the genus Centropus. Pheas ant's-eye (fgz^ts-I), n. (Bot.) Aplant of the genua Adonis, the A. autumnalis. Pheas ant-shell (f5z'ant-f*h61). See Phasianklla. Phen a kism (fgn'a-klzm),^.. [Gr. eva.Kig-fio^y de- ceit.] The act of conveying false ideas or impres- sions ; the act of saying something different from what is intended ; deceit. Bacon. Phe nlc (fS'nik), a. (Chem.) Applied to an acid obtained from coal tar ; carbolic acid. Phe ni clous (fe-nish^s), a. Pertaining to phe- nicin ; of the color of phenicin ; of a grayish-red color. Phe nol (fS'nol), n. (Chem.) (C0H6O.) Another name for Carbolio acid. Under Bome circumstances it gives rise to a blue coloring matter, which is used to a certain extent in dyeing. Phe nom e nal (fe-nOm'e-nal), a. 1. Connected with, relating to, or constituted by, phenomena; of the nature of a phenomenon or remarkable appear- ance ; pertaining to the doctrine of phenomenal- ism : contradistinguished from noumenal. 2. So surprising or extraordinary as to arrest the attention; extremely remarkable or extraordi- nary; ofrare or superior quality or excellence; strik- ing ; as, a brain of phenomenal size. Phe nom e nal Ism (fe-nOm'e-nal-Izm), n. (Met- aph.) That system of philosophy which inquires only into the causes of existing phenomena ; the theory or doctrine that limits all knowledge to phenomena, whether material or spiritual. This second period in modern philosophy has been marked by the sceptical phenomenalism or Hume (now represented by Positivism). Prof. Fraser. Phe nom e nism (fe-nCm'e-nlzm), n. The doc- trine or principles of the phenomenists. Phe nom e nist (fe-nfim'e-nist), n. One who be- lieves only in what he observes or in phenomena, having no regard to their causes or consequences ; . one who does not believe in a priori reasoning or necessary primary principles; one who does not be- lieve in an invariable connection between cause and effect, but holds this generally acknowledged rela- tion to be nothing more than a habitually observed sequence. Phe nom e nol o gy (fe n5m'e-n51//o-ji),n. That department of metaphysical science which relates to those things which are made known to the sens- es, and to those facts which are acquired by experi- Phe nyl ) (Wnll), ii. (Chem.) (C6H5 ; in the free Phenyl© J state, C^Hjp.) An organic radicle found in phenol, or carbolic acid, benzole, and ani- line. It crystallizes from alcohol in organic nacre- ous scales, which melt at 69° and sublime at a high- er temperature. Phe nyl am Ine (f6/nil-3m'/in or fe-nTl'a-mln), n. Same as Aniline. * Phe nyl ene (fS'nil-Sn), n. (Chem.) A cwmpound liquid evolved during the distillation of phenyllic chloride with sodium amalgam. Its composition is represented by six carbon and four hydrogen at- oms. Phe nyl I a (fe-nH'l-a or fe-nl'li-a), ». Same as An- iline. Ph© nyl Ic (fe-nlFik or fe-nl'lik), a. Same as Phe- nic. Phe on (fS'on), n. A barbed javelin formerly car- ried by the sergeant-at-arms before royalty. It is still used as a royal mark, and called 4 the broad ar- row.' Phi ga 11 an (fi-gd'li an), a. Pertaining to Phiga- lia< an ancient town in the Morea or Peloponnesus. —Phigalian marbles, the name given to a series of twenty-three sculptured marbles in alto-rilievo now deposited in the British museum, where they form part of the collection known by the name of the El- gin marbles. ; Phil a beg (ffl'a-bSg), n. Same as JFillibeg. vsV* Phil a del pha ce ae (fll'a-del-fa^se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A small tribe of plants now united with Sax- ifragaceae, of which Philadelphus is the principal genus. Phil a delphus (fll'a-d61//fus), n. [Gr. <£iAdSeA- a sweet-flowering shrub, jasmine/] (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to the tribe Philadelpha- cese.PHILOSOPHER *lPhi los o pher (fl-lOs'o-fer), ro. One who con- forms his life to the principles of philosophy, es- pecially to those of the stoical school; one who lives according to reason, or the rules of practical wis- dom. Be mine a philosopher* a life in the quiet woodland ways. Tennyaon. —Philosopher's egg, a medicine compounded of the yolk of an egg, saffron, etc., formerly supposed to be an excellent preservative against all poisons, plague, and other dangerous diseases. Nares. Phi ios o phess (fi-lSs'o-fes), n. A female philos- opher. Carlyle. Phil o soph tc (fll'o-sSfik), a.—Philosophic wool > oxide of zinc formed during the combustion of the metal when it floats about in white flocks in the air. Brande <& Cox. Phis no my (flz'no-mi), n. Physiognomy; expres- sion or aspect of countenance ; countenance. [R.] From Buch an outward phisnomy the Lord deliver you. Howell. Phle bop ter Is (fle-bOp'ter-is), n. [Gr. 0Ae0os, a vein, and 7rre'pi?, a fern.J (Paleon.) A ge- nus of ferns froin the oolite formation, character- ized by their veins being separated on rach side from the mid-rib by a space destitute of veins. Plileg ma si a (fleg-ma'zhi-a or fleg-mii'si-a), n. [Gr. Ao£, \oyos, flame.J (Med.) External or erysipelatous inflam- mation. Phlo got ic (flo-gSfik), a. Relating to, charac- terized by, or of the nature of, phlogosis; inflam- matory. Phlo mis (flO'mis), ». [From Gr. QKoynis, a flame —in reference to the down being used for wicks.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and herbaceous perenni- als, belonging to the nat. order Labiat®. Phlyc tse na Hflik-tS'na), n. [Gr. AvVrau»a, a Phlyc te na J blister, a pustule, from <£Auw, to boil or swell over.] (Med.) A tumor formed by the accumulation of a serous fluid under the epi- dermis. Dunglison. Phlyc taen u la (flik-t&a'u-la), n. [Dim. of phlyc- tcena.] (Med.) A small transparent tumor of the eyelids. Dunglison. Phlyc ten n lar (flik-tSn'u-ler), a. Pertaining to phlyctaenula.—Phlyctenular ophthalmia, inflamma- tion of the eye, accompanied with phlyctana on the cornea. . Pho ban thro py (fo-bSn'thro-pi), n. [Gr. 6p09, fear, and avOpunos, a man.] A dread of mankind. West. Rev. Pho cae na (fo-sS'na), ». (ZoOl.) A gonus of Ce- tacea, family Delphinidse, comprising the porpoises. Pho ce a (fo-sG'a), n. (Astron.) The name of one of the newly discovered planets, first observed by Chacornac in 1853. Pho ci dee (fO'si-dS), n. pi. (ZoOl.) A family of cetaceans, of which the seal (Phoca) is the type. Phoe nl cln (fS'ni-sin), ». [Gr. q>oivt$, purple.] Indigo purple; phenicine. Phoe ni cop ter (f6/ni-k5p//ter), ». (Ornith.) A bird of tfce genus Phoenicopterus. Pace nl cop ter i dee (fg'ni-kop-tSr^i-dS), ». pi. The flamingo family. See Phckniooptkbub. Phoe ni cop ter us ( fe'ni-kOp^'ter-us'), n. [Gr. ^oipijcon-Tepo?, red-feathered—<£oiViko?, purple-red, and irrepoi', a wing.] (Ornith.) A genus of palmi- pede or natatorial birds (the flamingoes), of the or- der Lamellirostres, and family Phcenicopteridse. Phoe nix (fS'niks), ». [Also written Phenix.] 1. A paragon; a person of singular distinction or beauty. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Bot.) A genus of palms inhabiting India and the north of Africa. The P. dactyliferas or date- palm, is one of the best-known species. Pho la do my a (f0/lardo-ml"a), n. [Gr. $oAeo>, to bore, and /xva, the gaper.] (Paleon.) A genus of lamellibranch molluscs found fossil in the lias, oftlite, and chalk formations. Phol I do gas ter (fOFi-do-gSs'ter), n. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil labyrinthodonts discovered in the ooal-measures at Gilmerton, near Edinburgh. Phon an to graph (fon-s'to-grSf), n. [Gr. , to view.] An instrument for producing figures of light from vibrations of sound by means of an electric current. The same sounds always produce the same figures provided the rev- olution of the vacuum tube be constant. Pho ran.thi um (fo-rSn'thi-um), ». [.Gr. opew, to bear, and ayflos, a flower.] (Bot.) A term some- times applied to the receptacle of composite plants. Also called Clinanthium. Pho ron o my (fo-rQn'o-mi), n. Same as Photon- omics. Pho rus (fO'rus), n. [Gr. opos, bearing, from <^epw, to bear.] (Conch.) A genus of turbinated, gasteropod molluscs, inhabiting the Javan and Chi- na seas. One species is called the carrier-shell. The specimens with shells adhering to them are called by collectors conchologists; while those with stone.4 are named mineralogists. Called also Xeno- phorus. 111. Pi. 15, Fig. 8. Phos phate (fOs'fat), n. (Min.) A mineral found in Estremadura, consisting chiefly of phosphate of calcium. Phosphene (ftis'fSn), n. [Gr. light, and 4>aiyu, to show.] The luminous image produced by pressing the eyeball with the finger. It is doubtful whether this effect arises from the excitation of the retina, or whether it is not rather the result of vio- lence to the fibers of the optic nerve apart from the retina. The flashes seen on receiving a blow on the eye are due to the same cause. Phos phide (fQs'fld or ffis'fld), n. A combination of phosphorus with a single element; as, phosphide of iron or copper. Phos phine (fQs'ffn), n. Same as Phosphureted Hydrogen. Phos phor-bronze (fCs'for-brSnz or -brOnz), n. An alloy of copper, tin, and phosphorus, capable of being made tough and malleable, or hard, accord- ing to the proportion of the Beveral ingredients. It has great power in resisting straining, and is made into bearings for machinery, cog-wheels, guns, ham- mers, cutlery, wire, sheathing for sea-going ves- sels, etc. Knight. Phos pho ret ed ) (ffis'fo-ret-ed), a. Same as Phos pho ret ted ) Phosphureted. Phos plior Ic ( fos - f5r' ik ), a.—Phosphorio acid (Chem.) (PH3O4), an acid usually obtained by burn- ing phosphureted hydrogen in. atmospheric air or oxygen. Phos phor o scope (fos-fSr'o-skOp), n. An in- strument designed to show the phosphorescence of certain bodies, such as uranium compounds, that emit light but for a very short period. Phos pnor ous (fOs'for-fis), a.—Phosphorous ws. oro?, light, and yeVos, birth.] Same as Paraffin-oil (which see). Pho to gene (fO'to-jgn), n. [See Photogen.] A more or less continued impression or picture on the retina. H. Spencer. Pho to gen ic (fO'to-jSn^ik), a. Producing light; actinic : especially applied to those rays best adapt- ed for producing photographic pictures. Pho to glyph Ic (fO'to-gHf'ik), a. Relating to, or produced by means of, photoglyphy or the art of engraving by means of light; as, a photoglyphic en- graving. Pho tog ly phy (to-tOg-li-fl), n. [Gr. <#>£>?, ord?, light, and yAvu>s, <#>otos, light, and •ypd/u./ma, a writing.] 1 • A picture obtained by means of photography; a photograph. 2. A photographic record, giving the variations of temperature and the like. Pho to graph (fO'to-grSf), v. t. To produce a likeness or facsimile of by photographic means. Pho to graph Ic al ly (fO'to-grSf'-'ik-al-li), adv. In a' photographic manner; by the photographic method. Pho to - h e 11 o graph (fO'to-hg " li-o-grSf), n. [Gr. u>s, 4>oto?, light, and Eng. heliograph.] An in- strument for observing transits of Venus and other solar phenomena, consisting of a telescope mount- ed for photography on • an equatorial stand and moved by suitable clockwork. Pho to lith o graph (fO/to-lTth'/o-gr2f),n. A pict- ure produced by photolithography. Pho to lith o graph (fO'to-Hth^o-grSf), v. t. To produce a picture by means of photolithography. Photolithography (fO'to-li-th$g"ra-fi), n. The art of engraving on stone by means of the ac- tion of light and of certain chemicals; specifically, the process of producing copies of photographs and other transparent designs on prepared stone, analogous to that of producing such copies on met- al, described under photoglyphy. See Photogly- phy. Pho tol o gist (fo-tftl'o-jist), n. * One who devotes himself to the study or exposition of the laws or the- ory of light. Photo-magnetism (fO'to-mSg"net-lzm), n. That department of science which treats of the re- lation of magnetism to light. Faraday. Pho torn e trl clan (fo-tttm/e-trjsh//an), n. On®, engaged in the scientific measurement of light. B. A. Proctor. Pho to mi cro graph (fO'to-ml^kro-grSf), ». A. picture taken by photomicrography. Pho to mi crog ra phy (f0'to-mi-kr5g//ra-fi),n. [Gr. oto?, Mght, pos, small, and ypa^xo, to write.] The art or process of enlarging minute objects by means of the microscope, and project- ing the enlarged image on a sensitized collodion film. . ' i ch, chain; g, flro; j, Job; ng, sing; Qi, fften; th, thin: w, wig; wh, whig; zh asure; 00, food; ol, oil; on, pound, . or On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester s Unabridged Dictionaries.PHOTOPHONE Pho to phone (fC'tO-fOn), n. [Gr. <£>£>?, c^oro?, light, aud u>v»j, a voice, a sound.J Au instrument for reproducing sound by variations in the intensity of a beam of light. In its simplest form the appa- ratus consists of a plane mirror of some flexible ma- terial upon which a powerful beam of light is con- centrated, and the voice of a speaker directed against the back of this mirror throws the beam of light reflected from its surface into undulations, which are received on a parabolic reflector at any distance to which the light can be thrown, and are centered on a sensitive selenium cell in connection with a telephone, which reproduces in articulate speech the undulations set up in the beam of light by the voice at the transmitting end. Thus, without any connecting wire, messages have been transmit- ted over moderate distances. Pho to phon ic (f0'to-f6n//ik), a. Relating to or pioduced by the photophone. Fho topli o ny (fo-t5fo-ni), n. The art or prac- tice of using the photophone. Plio to-re lief (W'to-re-lef'), n. A term applied to a process for obtaining by photographic means and subsequent manipulations n printing surface in relief to receive the ink and communicate impres- sions. See Photo-engraving. Photo-sculpture (fO/to-skulp//tflr ), n. [Gr. <£ot6s, light, and Eng. sculpture.] The process of sculpturing statuettes, medallions, and the like, by the aid of photography. Plio to sphere (fO-'to-sfSr), n. [Gr. a>s, ^otos, light, and Eng. sphere.] An envelope of light; spe- cifically, the luminous envelope, supposed to consist of incandescent matter, surrounding the sun. Ac- cording to Kirchhoff the sun's photosphere is either solid or liquid, and is surrounded by an extensive non-luminous atmosphere, composed of gases and vapors of the substances incandescent in the photo- sphere. Pho to splier 1c (ffi'to-sf5r//ik), a. Of or relat- ing to, or connected with, the photosphere or solar envelope. Pho to type (fO'to-tlp), n. [Gr. <|»us, oros, light, and TU7ro?, a type.] 1. A type or plate of the same nature as an en- graved plate produced from a photograph by a pe- culiar process, as by photoglyphy or photolithogra- phy, and from which copies can be printed. 2. The process by which such a plate is pro- duced ; also, a picture printed from such a plate. Phototype (fO'to-tlp), )a. Relating to, or Pho to typ 1c (f0'to-tlp"ik), J involving the use of, a phototype; produced by the process of photot- ypy. Pho tot y py (fo-tOfi-pl), ». The art or process of producing phototypes. Pho to - xy log ra phy (fQ'to-zi-lOg" ra-B), n. [Gr. <#>a>s, otos, light, fvAov, a log of wood, and ypa- $>«, to write.] The process of producing an im- pression of an object on wood by photography and subsequent processes and then printing from the block. Pho to-zin cog ra phy (fO'to-zin-kOg'-'ra-fi), n. [Gr. <£u>9, 4>otos, light, Eng. zinc, and Gr. ypaQio, to write. ] The process of projecting an impression on a plate of prepared zinc by photography and then engraving it by etching with acids, so that copies can be printed from the plate. This process was in- vented by Sir Henry James. It is in principle the same as as Photolithography. Phrdg ma (frtlg'ina), n. [Gr., a fence.] (Bot.) A spurious dissepiment in fruit. Phrag raacone (frSg'ma-kOn), n. [Gr. fodytia, a partition, and (cwroj, a cone.] (Paleon.) The cone of the belemnite within the guard. It is divided into chambers by means of partitions, from which fact it derives its name. Pliraise (fr5z), v. i. To use coaxing or wheedling language. [Scotch.] Pliraising (fr5z'ing), p. a. Cajoling; coaxing; palavering; making long or fire speeches. [Sc.] Phrase (fraz), v. i. 1. To employ peculiar phras- es or forms of speech ; to express one's self. ' So Saint Cyprian phrasethJ [R.J Prynne. 2. (Mus.) To render music properly with refer- ence to its melodic form ; to bring into due promi- nence the grouping of tones into figures, phrases, sentences, etc. Phrase man (fraz man), n. One who habitually repeats mere unmeaning phrases, sentences, or the like ; one who uses a set form of words without re- gard to their import. 'A fluent phraseman.' Coleridge. Phra se o gram (frS'ze-ogrSm), n. [Gr. <£paC*os, sea- weed, and Ypa<£w, to write.] A scientific or system- atic description of alge or sea-weeds. 627 Phy col o gy (fi-kSl'o-ji), n. [Gr. <£0/cos,sea -weed, and Aoyos, a discourse.] That department of bota- ny which treats of the algse or sea-weeds. Phy lac to Isema ta (fi-iilk'to-is'ma-ta), n. pi. [Gr. v\dauoi, to guard, and Aat/ia, the throat.] (Zo&l.) The division of Polyzoa in which the mouth is provided with the arched valvular process known as the 1 epistome,' and in which the tentaculate disc, is borse-shoe shaped. Phy 1 et ic (fi-lSt iK), a. [Gr. v\rj, a race.] Re- lating or pertaining to a race or tribe : applied es- pecially in connection with the development of ani- mal tribes. Pliyl Ian thus (fi-liln'thus),^. [From Gr. vAAov, a leaf, aud avdog, a flower; flowers produced from the edges of the leaves.] {But.) A large genus of plants, nat. order Euphorbiaceae. Pliyl lar y (fil'a-ri), n. (Bot.) One of the leaflets forming the involucre of composite flowers. Stormonth. Pliyl lis (flFis**, v. t. [From Phyllis, a name com- mon in amatory poems.] To celebrate or flatter in amatory verses. [R. | Phyllising the fair. Oarth. Pliyl lite (fll'It), n. [Gr. <}>v\\ov, a leaf, and Aiflos, a stone.] (Paleon.) A term used for a fossil leaf in which the principal veins converge at both the base and the apex. Phyl li Itm (fil'li-um), n. [Gr. v'AAov, a 1-eaf.] (Entom.) A genus of orthopterous insects belong- ing to the family Phasmidae, and popularly known by the name of leaf-insects or walking-leaves. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 9. The cut shows the female of P. sicci- folium (two-thirds the natural size). Phyllo cy a nin (filo-sI"a-niu). n. [Gr.^i/AAov, a leaf, and Kvav os, blue.] (Chem.) The blue color- ing principle of chlorophyll. Phyl lo cyst (fll'lo-sist), n. [Gr. v'AAoi>, a leaf, and icwo-ti?, a cyst.] (Zo6l.) A name given to the cavities in the interior of the hydrophyllia of cer- tain of the oceanic Hydrozoa. Phyl lo din e ous(firo-dIn"e-fis),a. (Bot.) Hav- ing flattened leaf-like twigs or leaf-stalks instead of true leaves. Phyl lo dy (fll'lo-di), n. [Gr. <£>t/AAov, a leaf, and ei8o?, likeness.] See Phyllomorphy. Phyllo gen (flMo-jen), n. [Gr. v AAoi>, a leaf, and yevuduj, to produce.] Same as Phyllophore. Phyl log en ous (fil-lQj'en-us), a. Growing on leaves. Phyl lo grap mus (fTl'o-gr3p"sus), ». [Gr. vA- Ao»\ a leaf, and ypdv\\ov, a leaf, and /u.avia, madness.] (Bot.) The produc- tion of leaves in unusual numbers or in unusual places. Phyl lome (fll'Om), n. (Bot.) A term used by Sach for a leaf. Phyl lo mor phy (flV'o-inor'fi), n. [Gr. <£v'AAov, a leaf, and fiop4>v, form.] (Bot.) A term used to denote the change of a true leaf or leaves into some other organ. Phyl Ion (fll'on), n. [Gr., a leaf.] (JBof.) A name given to one ot the whorled leaves which form the calyx of the flower. Phyl lopli a gous (fil-5f'a-glis), a. Leaf-eating; feeding on leaves. Phyl lo plior (fll'lo-fOr), n. [Gr. v\\ov„ a leaf, and <^>e'pw, to bear.] (Bot.) The terminal bud or growing point in palms, from which leaves are pro- duced. Written also Phyllophore. Phyl lo phyte (fil'lo-flt), n. [Gr. vAAoy, a leaf, and i}>vt6v, a plaut.] See Cormophyte. Phyl lop to sis (fil-Op'to-sis), ». [Gr. vWov, a leaf, and trials, a falling.] (Bot.) The fall of the leaf. Phyl lox an thin-(fil-lok-sSn'thin), n. [Gr. vA- Aop, a leaf, and £av9o<;y yellow.] (Chem.) The yel- low coloring principle of chlorophyll. Phylloxera (fIl'ok-se"ra), «. [Gr. efrv'AAov, a leaf, and ftjpos. parched.] (Entom.) A genus of in- sects which infest the leaves and roots of the oak, vine, etc., forming leaf-galls ; also, the disease pro- duced on vines by this insect. Phyl lu la (fll'lu-la),». (Bot.) The scar left on a branch by the fall of a leaf. Phylo gen esis (f!/lo-jSn//e-sifO, n. [Gr. vu, to pro- duce.] (Aled.) An imperfectly JUppurating tumor, forming an abscess; a tubercle on any external part of the body. PHYTOCHLOR Phy S& (fl'sa), n. [Gr. vi>/a big- bellied person.] (Med.) An enlargement of the abdomen, unconnected with dropsy, such as a mor- bid state of the liver or of the spleen. Pliysicism (flz'i-slzm), n. The practice of as- cribing everything to merely physical or material causes, to the exclusion of spirit; the study of phys- ical phenomena. Pliysi cist (fiz'i-sist), n. (Biol.) One who seeks to explain fundamental vital phenomena upon pure- ly physical or chemical principles ; oue who holds that life is a form of energy due simply to molecu- lar movements taking place in the ultimate mole- cules of the protoplasm, and capable of correlation with the ordinary physical and chemical forces : op« posed to Vitalist. H. A. Nicholson. Physi co»cliemieal (f!z'ik-o-kSm/'i-kal), a. Pertaining to or involving both physics and chem- istry ; produced by combined physical and chemical action or forces. Phys i col o gist(fIz'i-k51''o-jist), n. One convers- ant with physics or natural philosophy. Physi col o gy ifIz'i-k51/'o-ji), n. [Gr. ^vaixo?, natural, from nature, and Aoyos, a discourse.] A discourse on physics, or the general laws of na- ture; natural philosophy. Phys i co-plii los o pliy (fiz/i-ko-fi-15s//o-fi), n. The philosophy of physical nature. Phys i og no my (flz^-Og^o-mi), n. (Bot.) The general appearance of a plant aside from its botan- ical characteristics. Phys i o graph ic (flz'i-o-grSf'ik), a. Relating to or coucerned with physiography. Phys i og ra pliy (ftz'i-5g//ra-fi), n. [Gr. v(o, to describe.] The science which treats of the earth's physical features,and the causes by which they have been modified, as well as of its climates, life, its system of physical movements or changes, and all the phenomena connected with it; physical geography. Phys i ol a try (flz't-Ol^a-tri), n. [Gr. vvvvcra, a bladder, and <^opea>, to carry,] (ZoOl.) That division of the oceanic Hydrozoa which comprises those Siphonophora in which the hydrosoma con- sists of several polypites united by a flexible, con- tractile, unbranched, or very slightly branched cce- nosarc. Phy so sper mum (fI'zo-sp6r/'mum), ». [From Gr. vvt6v, a plant, and xAupos, green.] Same as Chlorophyll. , Notation: ft, 6,1, 0, (1, l^ng; &, 8,1, 0, ft, short; a, e, i, o, o, obacure; Mr, £&I1, f^st, cfire; hGr, mOve, or; by 11, Q, Fr.; fi,Fraton; gffiT On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PHYTOCRENE Phy to crene (fTtvToy, a plant, and Eng. geography. ] The geography or geographical distribution of plants or a descrip- tion of such. Pliy tog ly phy (fi-tOg'li-fi),*. [Gr. 4>vtov, a plant, and yKvQu, to engrave.] The process of printing frcm nature, or of reproducing the figures of plants,, etc., upon paper from impressions made upon a plate of soft metal or other substances by pressing the objects closely upon it. Called also Nature- printing. Phy tog ra phy (fi-tSg'ra-fi), n. The art or pro- cess of making impressions of plants, leaves, etc., on plates of metal from which embossed representa- tions may be taken. Pliy told, (fl'toid), a. [Gr. vr6l>, a plant, and elSo?, likeness.] Plant-like; specifically (ZoOl.) applied to animals or organs having a plant-like appear- ance. Phy to pa tliol o gist (fl'to-pa-thQF'o-jist), n. One skilled in phytopathology or diseases of plants. Pliy to pa tliol o gy (fl'to-pa-thCl^o-ji), n. [Gr. 4>vtov, and Eng.pathology,} Scientific knowledge re- lating to the diseases of plants ; an account of the diseases which are liable to affect plants. Phy toph a ga (fi-tOf'a-ga), n. pi. [Gr. vroV, a plant, and 4>ayu>, to eat.] A class of edentate mam- mals including all those forms which subsist on vegetable food. Phy to pliag ic (fI'to-f2jv/ik), a. Subsisting on plants ; phytophagous. Phy topli a gy (fi-t5fa-ji), ». The eating or sub- sisting upon plants. Phy to-phys i ol o gy (fI/to-fTz/i-51//o-ji), ». [Gr. vtov, a plant, and Eng. physiology.] The phys- iology of plants; vegetable physiology. Phy to sau rus (fi'to-sa^rus), n. [Gr. vrov, a plant, nnd cravpo9, a lizard.] Same as Hyleosaurus. Phy to zo a ri a (fT'to-zo-a"ri-a), ». [Gr. fyvrov, a plant, and £o>oi', an animal.] {ZoOl.) A term some- times applied to those minute aquatic animals more commonly termed Infusoria and Microzoa. Phy to zo oil (fl^o-zO^on or fi-tfiz'o-on), n. (Bot.) A name given to one of the moving filaments in the antheridia of cryptogamic plants. Pi ac u lar i ty (pi-3k/u-12r//i-ti), n. The state or quality of being piacular, or of requiring expiation ; criminality. De Qv,ineey. Pi a nctte (pl-a-n£f)i [Fr. dim. ot piano.] Same as Pianino. Pi a ni no (pS'a-nS^no), ». [It. dim. of piano.] A small pianoforte. Pi a nls si mo (p5'a-n5//8i-nio or pCa-nls^i-mO). [It. superl. otpiano, soft.] (Mus.) Very soft; a direc- tion to execute a passage in the softest manner. Usually abreviated pp or ppp. Pi a 110 (pi-a'nO), n. [It., from Lat. planus, plane.] (Arch.) A floor or story in a building ; a fiat. Hawthorne. PI an.o graph (pi-Sn'o-grSf or pi-a'no-gntf), n. A form of music recorder. See Music-recorder, un- der Music. PI a tak (pl'a-tak), > n. A Russian silver coin, val- P1 e tak (pl'e-tak), J ue 5 copecks. It is worth about Id. English, or 2 cents American money. PI az zi an (pi-iz'zi-an), a. Pertaining to, resem- bling, or characteristic of, a piazza. 1 Where ____ Mulciber's columns gleam in far piazzian line.' Keats. Pic (plk), n. A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches. Pi ca resque (pe-ka-r5sk or plk'a-rSsk"), a. [Fr.] Pertaining to or dealing with rogues or picaroons : applied to literary productions that deal with the fortunes of rogiies or adventurers such as Gil Bias. Pic ca 111 H (plk^a-lll'li), n. An imitation Indian pickle consisting of various vegetables, with pun- gent spices. Simmonds. Pic ca nin ny (pTVa-nln'!), n. Same as Picka- ninny. Pic co lo (pTk'ko-lo), n. [It. piccolo, small.] 1. (Mus.) An organ stop of 2 feet length; the pipes are of wood and have a brilliant piercing tone. 2. A seaall upright piano, standing about 3£ feet high. Pic e oils (pIs'e-Qs, pT'se-Qs, or plsh'fts), a. Relat- ing to or consisting of pitch; pitchy; black as pitch. Pick (plk), v. t.—To pick in (Paint,), to correct any unevenness in a picture by using a small pencil.— To pick off, (a) to separate by the fingers or a small instrument; to separate by a sharp sudden move- ment ; as, to pick off a leaf, (b) To aim at and kill or wound ; as, the riflemen were picking off the enemy.—To pick out, (a) to draw from an interior by anything pointed ; as, to pick out one's eyes. Prov. xxx. 17. (6) To select from a number or quantity; as, I could pick him out from among a hundred, (c) To mark out or variegate, as a dark back-ground, with figures or lines of a bright color. Thackercey.—To pick up, (a) to take up with the fin- gers, or otherwise to snatch ; as, the early bird picks up the worm. Locke, (b) To obtain by repeated ef- fort ; as, to pick up a livelihood, (c) To take par- ticular things here and there; as, to pick up ac- quaintances by the way.—To pick a bone with one, to scold or quarrel with him. 628 'Pick (prk), v. i.—To pick up, to lE&prove in health ; to acquire fresh strength, vigor, or the like; to get stouter j to improve generally. [Colloq.] Pick (plk), n. 1. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler. Beau. & Fl. 2* {Paint.) That which is picked in, either by a point or by a pointed pencil. 3* [Scotch.] Pitch (the tarry substance). Pick (plk), n.—Pick-maiv, the black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus). [Scotch.]—Pick-me-up, any- thing taken to restore the tone of the system after excessive drinking ; a remedy for the after effects of intoxication. [Colloq. Eng.]—Pick-mirk. [Picfc, a form of pitch, and mirA; = murky.] Dark as pitch. [Scotch.]—Pickpocketism, the act of picking pock- ets. E. A. Poe.—Pick-wick, a sharp pointed instru- ment for picking up the wick of a lamp. Pick a back (pik'a-Mk),' a. [From the older form pickpack, pickapack, which is a reduplication of pack.] On the back or shoulders like a pack. [Col- loq.] Pick er (plk'er), n. 1. (Print.) One who dresses or trims stereotype plates. 2. The name apjjlied to tools or apparatus of many various shapes used in different manufactur- ing processes, etc.; as, (a) (Cotton Manufacture) a machine for opening the tussocks of bale-cotton, reducing it to a more fleecy condition and separat- ing it from dirt and refuse. (b) (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent, (c) (Manege) An instrument for dislodging a stone from the crease between the frog and the sole of a horse's foot, or between the heel of the shoe and the frog, (d) (Founding) A light steel rod with a very sharp point, used for picking out small light patterns from the sand, (e) ( Weaving) The upper or strik- ing portion of a picker-staff which comes against the end of a shuttle and impels it through the shed of the warp. 3* One who steals. v These pickers and stealers.' Shak. Pick er-bend (plk'er-bSnd), n. A piece of buffa- lo hide, lined, but not otherwise dressed, used by power-loom weavers, attached to the shuttle. Pick er idge (pik'er-ij), n, A tumor on the back of cattle ; wornil. Pick er-staif* (pfk'er-staf), n. (Weaving.) The bar which oscillates on an axis at its lower end and by a sudden jerk imparts motion to the shuttle. Pick et (pTk'et), n. A body of men belonging to a trade's union sent to watch and annoy the men working in a shop not belonging to the union. ("Eng.] Pick et (pTk'et), v. t. To place or post as a guard of observation. Pick et-girard (pTk'et-g&rd), n. (Mil.) A small body of infantry or cavalry placed around an army to prevent surprise. Pick et ing (pik'et-ing), n. A kind of torture in which a person is compelled to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. Pick le (plk'l), n. 1. (Founding.) A bath of dilute sulphuric acid, or, for brass, of dilate nitric acid, to remove the sand and impurities from the surface. Knight. 2. [Dim. of pick, lit. as much as a bird might pick at a time.] A grain of corn ; any minute par- ticle ; a small quantity ; a few. [Scotch.] She giea the herd a pickle nuts. Burns. Pick wick i an (pik-wik'i-an), a. Relating to or resembling Mr. Pickwick, the hero of Dickens's Pickwick Papers.—Pickwickian sense, amerely tech- nical, parliamentary, or constructive sense, a phrase derived from a well-known scene in Dick- ens's novel. Picnic (pfk'nTk), v. i. To attend a picnic party; to eat a picnic ; as, we picnicked in the woods. Picnicker (plknik-er), ». One whp attends a picnic party. Pi era (pl'kra), n. [Lat., from Gr. Trocpos, sharp, bitter.] (Med.) The popular name of-the powder of aloes with canella, which is composed of four parts of aloes to one part of canella. It is employed as a cathartic. Also called Hiera-picra. Pic rae na (pi-kre'na), n. (Bot.) A genus df Sima- rubaceaj. Pic ric (pTk'rik), a. Same as Carbazotic. Pi crin £ (plk'rln), n. [Gr. iri^po?, bitter.] (Chem.) Pi crine ) A bitter substance obtained from Digi- talis purpurea, aud said to be identical with digita- lin. Its constitution is doubtful. Pic ris (plk'ris), n. ( Bot.) A genus of plants. Pict (pikt), n. [From Pictt\ the name given them by Latin writers, but whether this was a latinized form of the native name or simply means ' painted people' is uncertain.] One of a race of people of disputed origin, who anciently inhabited the north- east of Scotland — some authorities maintaining them to have been a Teutonic race, others a branch of the Cwmric Celts. Pictarnie (pik-t^r'nl), n. (Omith.) The great tern or sea-swallow (Sterna hirundo). [Scotch.] Pic tor (plk'tor), n. [Lat., a painter.J (Astron.) A southern constellation. Picture (plk'tflr), n.—Picture-book, a book for children, illustrated with pictures.—Picture-cleaner, one who restores the brightness of color in old paintings ; a picture-restorer. — Picture-restorer, same as Picture-cleaner.—Picture-rod, a kind of brass tubing for affixing to the tops of walls in a room to suspend pictures from.—Picture-writing, a PIGOTITE method of painting in hieroglyphic characters for the communication of ideas. It was much used by the ancient Mexicans ;falso the writing itself. Pict ur esque (pfk'tfir-gsk"), a.—The picturesque what is picturesque ; the aggregate of features or qualities that render a scene suitable for making into a good picture ; as, to be fond of the pictur- esque. Pi cus (pl'kus), n. [Lat., a woodpecker.] (Ornith.) The woodpecker. Pid dock (pldok), n. (ZoOl.) A boring mollusc of the genus Pholas or family Pholadidse. Pid geon (pld'jun), ) n. The Chinese pronuncia- Pidjin (pld'jin), ) tion of the English word business. Also written Pigeon ^which see). Pie (pi), n. A mound or pit for preserving pota- toes, etc.: a compost heap. [Eng.] Piece (pes), n.—To give a picce of one's mind, to state bluntly an opinion to one's face—generally uncomplimentary. Thackeray. Piece-mas ter (pes^mas'ter), n. A middle-man coming between an employer and the employed. [Eng.] Mayhew. Pied-boc (pld'bQk), n. See Bonte-boc. Piend (pSnd), n. [Dan. pind, a pin or peg ; G. pinne, the piend of a hammer.] The sharp point or edge of a mason's or other hammer. Written^also Peen aud Pane. Pie-plant (pl'plant), n. A popular name given to garden rhubarb from.its being used for pies. Pie pow dered (p^pou-derd), a. Having the feet covered with dust. [R.] West. Rev] Pierced (perst), p. a. (Her.) Applied to any bear- ing which is perforated, so as to show the field un- der it. Pi er i des (pi-gr'i-dez), n. pi. [Lat.] (Myth.) A name of the nine Muses, who were so called from Pieria, near Mount Olympus, where they were first worshiped among the Thracians. Pi er is (pi er-is), n. (Entom.) A genus of diurnal lepidopterous insects. P. cratcegi is the black- veined white or hawthorn butterfly. Pietism (pT'e-tizm), n. Piety; particularly an affectation of piety ; extremely strict or sentimental devotion. Pietist (pt'e-tist), n. One who professes piety; especially one who makes an ostentatious display of strong religious feeling. Pi e list ic (pl'e-tist'/ik), )a. Applied to those Pi e tist ic al (pT'e-tTsfik-al), J who make an af- fected or ostentatious display of religious feeling. Pi et ra-du ra (pi - 5t' ra- dft' ra), n. [It., hard stone.] A name given to the finest Florentine mo- saic-work. Pi e zom e ter (pl'e-z5m"et-er), n. An instru- ment consisting essentially of a vertical tube in- serted into a water-main, to show the pressure of the fluid at that; point, by the height to which it as- cends in the tube of the piezometer. Pig (pTg), n.—Pig-bed, the bed or series of molds formed of sand into which iron is run from tho blast-furnace and cast into pigs. —Pig-boiling, the decarbonization of pig-iron by contact with oxidized compounds of iron. Called also Wet-puddling.~A pig in a poke, a blind bargain; something the quality or value of which is not known or seen.—To bring one's pigs to a pretty market, to make a very bad bargain, or to manage anything in a very bad way.—Pip's whisper, slang^for a low or inaudible whisper ; also, a short space of time. [Eng.] Dickens. Pi ga cl a (pl-gft'si-a), n. A pointed shoe worn in the middle ages, having the point made, it is said, like a scorpion's tail. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 11. The term was also applied to a pointed sleeve. Pig eon (pij'un), n. A simpleton ; a gull; a person swindled by gamblers: a slang term, opposed to rook. Hence, to pluck a pigeon, to strip a green- horn of his money.—Pigeon English, a conglomera- tion of English and Portuguese words wrapped in a Chinese idiom, used by English and American residents in China in their intercourse with the native traders. The term has been conjectured to be for business English. Pig eon (pij^un), n. and a.—Pigeon-berry, the fruit of the pocan or Virginian poke, a North American plant (Phytolacca decandra), used'as a remedy for some forms of chronic rheumatism.—Pigeon-breast- ed, having a breast like a pigeon, caused by the curvature of the vertebral column forward. —Pigeon- express, the conveyance of intelligence, or th§ in- telligence conveyed, by means of a carrier-pigeon.— Pigeon-wood, same as Zebra-wood. Pightf(pTt), pret. [From pitchy O. Eng. picche% a softened form of pick, pike.] 1. Pitched. Shak. 2* Fixed; determined. Found him pight to do it. Shak. Pig ment (pTg'ment), n. (Physiol.) The coloring matter found'in animal and plant bodies, such as the mucous secretion which covers the iris of the eye, and gives it its various colors. Pigment-cell (pig'ment-sgl), n. (Physiol.) A small cell containing coloring matter, as in the choroid coat of the eye, the skin of the toad, cuttle- fish, etc. Pign on (pgn'yon), n. [Fr. pignon, from Lat. pin- us, the pine.] An edible seed of the cones of cer- tain pine-trees. Pig o tlte (pfg'ot-tt), n. [After the Rev. Mr. Pig~ of.] (Min.) A brownish-yellow mineral containing oh, cAain; g,po; J,Job; ng, sincr; th, then; th. thin; w, trig; wh, whig; zh, usure; oo, food ; ol, oil; ou, pound. mr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PIG-PEN 'fclumina and organlo matter, found Inorustiog oer- taia caves. Pig-pen (ylg'pBn), n. A pen for pigs; a pigsty. Pig-skin (plg'skln), n. 1. The skin of a pig, es- pecially when prepared for saddlery binding, or other purposes 2, A saddle. He was my governor, and no butter master ever sat in pigskin. Dickens. PI ka (pl'ka or pSTca), n. (ZoOl.) The calling-hare (Lagomys), an animal nearly allied to the hares, and forming the family Lagomyd®, found in Russia, Siberia, and North America. Plko (plk), v. t. To pick; to make bare; to pilfer; to cull; to select. [Scotch.] Pike man (pieman), n. 1* A miner working with a pike or crowbar. Disraeli. 2* A turn-pike keeper. 4 The cheery toot of the guard's horn to warn some drousy pf&eman.' [Eng.] T. Hughes. Pilch (pQch), n. A flannel cloth for an infant. P^le (pll), v. t. To reheat iron bars In order to sub- ject them to further working. Pile t (pll), v. t. To deprive of hair; to pluck. Chaucer. Pile (pll), n.—Pile-cap (Hydraulic Engin.), a beam connecting the heads of piles.—Pile-carpet, a car- pet in which the looped weft is cut so as to form a pile or downy surface.—Pile-clamp (Surg.), an in- strument for removing hemorrhoids.—Pile-driver, a workman whose occupation is to drive piles.—Pile- dwelling, a dwelling built on piles ; a lake or lacus- trine dwelling. See under Laoustbine.— Pile-en- gine, an engine for driving down piles.—Pile-hoop, an iron band put round the head of a timber pile to prevent splitting.—P*leshoe, the iron point of a pile.—Pile-warp, ^ame as Nap-warp. Pilework, a term applied to lacustrine dwellings. 4 The age of the Swiss pile-worksS Sir J. Lubbock.—Pileworn, haviDg the pile or nap worn off ; threadbare. Maa- tinger—Pneumatic pile, one driven by atmospheric pressure when the air is exhausted from within it. —Screw pile, one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by pressure if necessary.— To make cne'a pile, to make one's fortune. [U. S.] Pile I form (pl'li-form), a. [Lat. pileua, a cap, and forma, shape.] Resembling a cap ; pileated. Pil e o rlii za (pITe-o-rl'za), n. [Lat. pileua, a cap, and Or. pt£a, a root.] (Bot.) A cap or hood found at the end of some roots, and distinct from the spongiole. Pll grim (pll'grim), n. (Scrip.) One who has only a temporary residence on earth; one who lives in the world, but is not of the world. Heb. xi. IS. Pill (pl'll), n. pi. [Lat. pilu8x a hair.] (Bot.) Fine slender bodies, like hair, covering some plants. v Pi lldl um (pMId'i-um), n. pi. Pi lid la (pl-lld'- i-a). [Lat. pileua, and Gr. elfioy, resemblance.] (itof.) The orbicular hemispherical shield of lichens, the outside of which changes to powder, as in Calycium. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 12. Pi line (pl'lln), n. [Lak piAua, hair.] A kind of cloth composed of a mixture of sponge and wool, felted together so as to form an even and soft fabric, and afterward rendered water-proof by a coating of caoutchouc ; employed as a substitute for poultices and fomentation cloths. Thomaa. Called also Spongio- piline. Pil ing (pTTing), n. The number or series of piles in a place ; piles collectively. Pil ingolron (pll"ing-l'ern), n. An instrument for breaking off the awns of barley. Pill (pll), v. t. 1* To dose with pills; to make into pills. 2* To reject by vote; to blackball. [Club slang. Eng.] ^ He was... .as nearly pilled as any man I ever knew. Thackeray. Pll lar (pll'er), n. (Conch.) Same as Columella. Pil lar (pll'er), n.—Pillar-box, a public receptacle in the form of a short pillar for letters that are to be sent by post. [Eng.]—Pillar-dollar, a Spanish silver coin haviDg two oolumns supporting the royal arms on the obverse. Simmonda. Pil lez (pll'lgz), n. The name given In Cornwall to a species of naked barley raised there. [Local. Eng.] Pill ion (pfl'yun), «. (Mining.) The tin that re- mains in the slags after it is first melted. [Eng.] Pil low (pll'lo), n.—Pillow-lace, hand-made laoe worked on a small pillow or cushion.—Pillow-aham, an embroidered covering placed over the pillow of a bed by way of ornament, when not in use. . Pil lowed. (pfl'lOd),?. a. (Arch.) A term applied to a rounded frieze. Called also Pulvinated. Pi lo car pine(pI/lo-kftr//pen), n. [Fr., from Lat. pilus, hair, andGr. icapird«%fruit.] (Chem.) An alka- loid obtained from Philocarpus pinnatus or jabo- randi, forming its active principle. Pi lot (pl'lot), ».—Pilot-boat (Naut.), a boat used by pilots for reaching ships near the shore, and sometimes sailing far out to sea in search of vessels needing a pilot.—Pilot-cutter (Naut ), a sharp-built strong cutter or sea-boat used by pilots.—Pilot-jack, a flag hoisted by a vessel when requiring the services of a pilot.—Pilot-jacket, a pea-jacket, such as is worn by seamen.—Pilot-star, a guiding-star. 4 Enid, the pilot-star of my lone life.' Tennyson.—-PiloVsfair- .toay, any channel in which a pilot must be employed. 629 —JHloVt water, any part of the sea or of a river in whioh the services of a pilot must be obtained. PI lot age (priot-aj), n. Used adjectively in such phrases as—pilotage authority, a body of men ap- pointed by the Board of Trade in certain ports for testing the qualifications of applicants for pilots' licenses, etc.; pilotage district, the jurisdiction of a pilotage authority. [Eng.] Pil u la (pil'u-la), n. pi. Pil u lae (pIl'u-16). [Dim. of Lat. pila, a ball. J (Phar.) A pill. Pil u lar (pll'u-ler,, a. Pertaining to pills ; as, a pilutar mass ; a pilufur form. Pil u la ri a (pll'u-ia ri-a), n. [From Lat. pilula, a pill, from the shape of the heads containing the reproductive organs.] ■ A genus of creeping plants belonging to the nat. order Marsileacese. Pil u lous (pll'u-liis), a. Pertaining to or re- sembling a pill; hence, small; inconsiderable; trifling. kPilulous smallness.' George Eliot. Pllumnus (pi-lEim'nus), n. [Lat. pilus, a hair.] 1. (ZoOl.) A genus of brachyurous decapod crustaceans, so called from the carapace being cover- ed with hairs. 2. (Ornith.) Bonaparte's name for the North American genus of woodpeckers, Sphyrapicus. Pil we-beret ) (pll'we-b&r or pil'u-b&r), n. The Pil we-beerf) covering of a pillow; a pillow- bear ; a pillow-case, Chaucer. Pi mar ie (pi-milr''ik), a. (Chem.) A term applied to an acid resin occurring in the turpentine of the maritime pine. Pi mel ic (pi-mgl'ik), a. [Gr. vifie\rj, fat.] (Chem.) Obtained from a fatty substance.—Pimelic acid (C7 H12O4), an acid which results from the action of nitric acid on oleic acid. Pi mel o dus (pl'mel-C'dus), n. [Gr. 77, fat, and eifios, likeness.] (Ichth.) A genus of malacop- terygian abdominal fishes, separated from the genus Silurus of Linnseus. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 13. Pin (pin), n. 1. One of a row of pegs let into a drinking vessel to regulate the quantity which each person was to drink. Te [was] accounted the man who could nick the pin. Fuller. 2* [From the preceding meaning, or from that of the peg of a musical instrument. ] Mood ; humor; disposition; frame of mind. 4 To find his friend in merry pin.' Cotcper. 3. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang. J —Pina and needles, the pricking, thrilling, tingling sensation attending the recovery of circulation of a benumbed limb. 1 Pina and needles after numbness.' George Eliot. Pin (pin), v.t. 1* To aim at or strike with a stone. [Scotch. J Sir W. Scott. [This sense probably arises from pinning one with a javelin.] 2« To seize; to clutch ; to hold fast; as, the dog pinned him to the ground. [Colloq.] 3* To steal. [Slang. Eng.] Pin (pin), ».—Pin-point, the point of a pin; hence, a trifle ; as, I don't CBre a pin-point.—Pin-rack (Naut.), an apparatus belonging to the deck of a Bhip, round which ropes can be worked and belayed. —Pin-wheel, a contrato wheel, in which the cogs ai e pins set into the disk.— Pin-worm, a worm usually found in the rectum ; the thread-worm. Pi na (pl'naor pS'na), n. The fiber of the pine-ap- ple leaf which is woven into a fabric for ladies' dresses, scarfs, and the like. Pi na ce ae (pi-nfi'se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A name given by Lindley to the Couiferte. Pi na-cloth (pI'na-klQth or p6'na-kl5th), n. [Sp. pifla, the pine-apple.] A delicate, soft, transpar- ent clgth made in the Philippine Islands from the fibers of the pine-apple leaf. Pin a cold (pln'a-koid), n. [Gr. iriVaf, triVa*os, a board, and cifios, likeness, form.] (Crystallog.) A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes. Web8ter. Pi nang (pi-nSng7), ». The betel nut (Areoa Cate- chu). Pinch (pinch), v. i.—To know or feel where the ahoe pinchea, to know or have practical and personal ex- perience as to where the chief point of difficulty or cause of trouble in any matter lies. Pinch (pinch), ».—On or at a pinch, on an emer- gency. Bacon. Pinch com mons (pinch'kom-munz), n. A mi- serly person ; a niggard ; a miser. Sir W. Scott. Pinche t (pGnch or pSnch e), )v. t. Tp pinch. Pinch en f (pCnch en), }> Chaucer. Pinched(pincht),p.o. Petty; cbntemptible. Shak. Pinch er (plnch'er), n. Among quarrymen, etc., a person using a pinch, in contradistinction to those otherwise engaged in moving a stone, etc. iEng.] Pinch-spot ted (pmch"sp6t/ed), a. Discolored from having been pinched, as the skin. Shak. Pin cof fine (pln'kof-m), n. A trade name given to a coloring substance prepared from garacine, producing beautiful violet tints :«eo named from Pincoff, an English manufacturer. Pinc-pinc (plngk'plngk), n. [From its cry.] (Or- nith.) One of the African warblers (Drymoica tex- trix), which is remarkable for building a beautiful nest, something like that of the long-tailed titmouse, with a supplementary nest outside for the use of the male. Pin cush toned (pln'kuph-und), p. a. Pierced or perforated like a pincushion. Her heart was pincuahioned with his filial crimes. Thackeray. PINNATULATE Pin da (pln'dft), n. In India, a cake of rice uid sweetmeats offered to expiate the sins of ancestors. Pin da ree (plu'da-rS}, f n. • [Hind., freebooter.] Pin da ra vPln'da-ra), ) A member of a horde of mounted robbers who used to infest the poss<*3- sions of the East India Comparfy. They were dis- persed in 1817 by the Marquis of Hastings. Pind ja jap (plnd'ja-jap), n. (Naut.) A boat of Sumatra and the Malay Archipelago, with one to three masts, generally two, carrying square sails, and having both the stem and stern much project- ed. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 14. Pin-drop (pln'drtip), a. So still or profound that a pin might be heard dropping. A pin-drop silence strikes o'er all the place. L. Hunt, Pine (pin), v. i. To waste away with longing or earnest desire for (something ; to languish with de- sire ; to long for eagerly : usually followed by for. *For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined.1 Shak. Pine (pin), n.—Pine-beetle, same as Pine-chafer.— Pine-chafer (Entom.), a small coleopterous insectoF the family Xylophagi, very destructive to Scotch pines. Called also IHne-beetle.—Pine-cone, the cone or strobilus of a pine-tree.—Pine-finch (Ornith.), a bird (Loxia or Corythua envcleator) nearly allied to the bullfinches and crossbills, frequenting pine forests. Called also Pine-grossbeak.— Pine-fish, a name in the Shetlands for fish dried in the open air. —Pine-grossbeak, same as Pine-finch.—Pine-house^ a pinery.—Pine-knot, a knot of the pitch-pine tree (Pinus rigida), much used by the early settlers, and at the present time by the poor whites and negroes of the South, in the place of lamps or candles. When burned they give a bright light. [ U. S. 1 Bartlett. — Pine-mast, pine-cones collectively.— Pine-oil, an oil, resembling turpentine, obtained from pine and fir trees, used in making colors and varnishes.—Pinewood, (a) a wood of pine-trees. (6) Pine timber. Tennyson. Pi nen chy ma (pi-ngn'ki-ma), n. [Gr. niva£, a table, and ey^v^a, an infusion.] (Bot.) Cellu'ar tissue composed of tubular cells. Pi ne turn (pi-nS'tum), ». [Lat., a pine planta- tion.] A plantation or collection of growing pine- trees of different kinds, especially for ornamental or scientific purposes. Pi ney-tal low (pP'ni-tSl'lO), n. A concrete fatty substance resembling wax obtained by boiling with water the fruit of the Vateria indica, a tree com- mon upon the Malabar coast, forming excellent can- dles. Called also Malabar Tallow. Ping (ping), n. [Imitative.] The sound made by a bullet, as from a rifle, in passing through the air, or in hitting some hard object. Ping f ping), v. i. To produce a sound like that of a rifle bullet on being discharged and striking a hard object, or in passing through the air. Pin guic u la (pin-gwlk'u-la), n. [From Lat. pfn- guis, fat; in allusion to the greasiness of the leaves.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Lentibularia- cese. Pin guin (pln'gwin), n. (Bot.) A plant used in the West Indies for hedgerows; the Bromelta Pin- guin. Pin ingly (pln'ing-li), adv. In a pining or lan- guishing manner ; by wasting away. Pin ite (pln'It), n. [From Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.) A mineral formed from iolite by the action of alkaline waters. Pi nites (pl'nlts), n. pi. [See Pinus.] (Paleon.) A general name for all fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged to the pine tribe. Stormonth. Pink (plngk), a. Resembling in color the hue of the pink ; as, a pink dress. Pink i ness (pingk'i-nes), n. The color of a pink ; the Rtate of being pink-colored. Pin na (pln7a), n. pi. Pin nee (pln'5). [Lat. pin- na, penna, a feather, a wing, a fin.] 1. (ZoOl.) (a) The wing ox feather of a bird. (b) The fin of a fish. 2. (Anat.) The pavilion of the ear, that part which projects beyond the head. Pin nate (pln'at), o. (Bot.)—Pinnate cirroae leof% one that is winged, and terminates with a tendril.— A paripinnate. equally, or abruptly pinnate leaf, a winged leaf ending with a pair of pinnae.—An im- paripinnate, or unequally pinnate leaf, a winged leaf with a single terminal leaflet.—Articulate-pin- nate leaf, a winged leaf, having the common foot- stalk jointed.—Oppositely pinnate, havirg the leaf- lets placed opposite to each other.— Alternately pin- nate, having the leaflets placed alternately on the footstalk.—Interruptedly pinnate, having smaller and greater leaflets intermixed.—Decursively pin- nate, having leaflets running down the stem. Pinnated (pln'at-ed), a.—Pinnated grouse (Or- nith.), see Pbaibie-ohicken. Pin nat i par tite ( pin-nftt'l-part'lt), a. [Lat. pinnatua, feathered, from pinn.a, a feather, and partitus, divided.] (Bot.) Having the nervures pinnated, the lobes separated beyond the middle, and the parenchyma uninterrupted, as in Polypodi- um aureum. Pin nat i sect (pin-n&t'i-sekt), a. [Lat. pinnatua, feathered, from pinna, a feather, and seco, scctum, to cut.] (Bot.) Having the lobes divided down to the midrib and the parenchyma interrupted. Pin nat u late (pin-nSVu-lat), a. [Lat. pinnatu- latus, dim. from pinnatus, pinnate, feathered.] lNoxation : ft, 6,1, 0, tl, loce I fi, 6,1, 0, ft, short | a, e, i, o, n, obscure; fftr, f&ll, f*st, c4re; b6r, mOve, or; b\jll, Q, Fr.; 4, Fr., ton j ^ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PINNIGRADA (Bot.) Applied to the leaflet of a pinnate leaf when it 1b again subdivided. Pin nl gra da(pfn'i-gra"da or pIn"Ugra'da), n. pi. [Lat. pinna, a fin, a feather, eto., aDd gradior, to go.] (Z06I.) A Bection of the carnivorous order of mam- mals, in which the fore and hind limbs are short, and are expanded into broad, webbed 8wimmi|ng paddles. Called also Pinnipedia. Pin nl grade (pTn'i-grad), n. (ZoQl.) A member of the section Pinnigrada. Pin nl nerved (pin i-n6rvd), a. (Bot.) A term applied to a compound leaf having pinnate nerves. Pin nl ped (pln'i-p6d), n. [Lat. pinna, a wing or fin, and pes, pedis, a foot.] (ZoOl.) A fin-footed ani- mal ; an a&imal with swimming feet; specifically, . one of the Pinnigrada (which see). Pin nl pe dl a (pln'l-pS^di-a), n. pi. [Lat. pinna, a feather, and pes, pedis, a foot.] See Pinnigrada. Pill nock (plu'ok), n. A tunnel under a road to carry off the water; a culvert. [Local. Eng.] Pin no there (pln'o-thgr), n. A crab of the genus Pinnotheres. Pinnotheres (p!n'o-thS"r6z), n. [Lat. pinna, a kind of shell-fish, ard Or. Orjpdu, to pursue.] A genu" of small crabs, belonging to the brachyurous decapods. Pin nule (pln'fll),». 1. (Ornith.) The barb of a feather. 2» One of the lateral processes of the anus of / criaoidH. Pi nole (pi-nOl'), n. 1. An aromatic powder used in Italy for making chocolate. Simmonds. 2* The heart of maize parched, ground, and seasoned with spice and sugar. When dissolved in water it makes a nutritious and palatable drink. Pin ta (pln'ta), n. [Sp., mark, from Lat. pingere, to paint.] Blue-stain, a disease which prevails in Mexico. It is a species of dandruff. Pin tie (pln'tl), n. 1. A pin passing through an axle to hold on a Wheel. 2. The pin on which the leaves of a hinge move. Pint-pot (plnt'pdt), n. A pot containing a pint. Shak. Pi nus (pl'nus), n. [Lat., a pine-tree.] (Bot.) A genus of gymnoBpermou8 exogeus belonging to the nat. order Conifer®. Pine-trees. Pinx it (plngks'it), n. [Lat., he painted it.] A word appended to a picture or engraving, with the artist's name or Initials prefixed ; as, Rubens pinxit. Pinx ter (plngk'ster), ». Same as Pingster. PI o neer (pl'o-nSr"), v. i. To act as pioneer; to clear the way ; to remove obstructions. Quart. Rev. Pi opji 1 la (pi-bf'i-la), n. (Entom.) A genus of dipterous insects belonging to the family of Mus- cidsB, and having for its type the cheese-fly or cheese-hopper. Pi oub (pl us), a.—Piou8 belief, a Catholio opinion, which is not de fide, or an article of faith, upon some theological proposition which widely prevails but does not rise to the importance of a dogma. PI pa (pPpa), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of batrachians, the best known species of which is the Surinam toad (P. surinamensis), a native of Ouiana and other warm parts of America. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 15. Pipe (pip), n. 1* (Naut.) The boatswain's whistle used to call or pipe the men to their various duties; also, the sound of the instrument. 2. pi. The bagpipe. [Colloq.] Pipe (pip), v. t. (Naut.) To call by means of the boatswain's pipe or whistle. Marryat.—Topipe one^a eye, to weep; to cry. [Slang.] To pipe his eye. Hood. Pipe (pip),» .—Pipe-case, a smoker's pocket-case for holding a tobacco-pipe.—Pipe-clay, a derisive term applied to official military routine or excessive mil- itary formalism ; red-tape: so named because pipe- clay was formerly much used by soldierB for clean- ing some of their equipments. [Colloq. Eng.]— Pipe-layer, a workman who lays gas mains, water or draining pipes.—Pipe-Zee, tobacco half-smoked to ashes in a pipe. Q. A. Sala.—Pipe-mouth (Ichth.), a fish of the genus Fistalaria, so called from the front of the head forming an elongated pipe-like tube.—Pipe-staple, Pipe-stapple. [O. D. stapel, a stalk.] The stalk of a tobacco-pipe; also, a stalk of grass; a windle-straw. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott.— Pipe-atiok, the wooden tube used in some tobacco- pipes.—Pipe-stone, a variety of clay-slate or argil- lite, which the Indians carve into bowls for tobacco- pipUB. Pipe-clay (plp'klfi), v. t. 1. To whiten with pipe- clay. Hence— 2. To pay or wipe off; to square or settle. [Slang. Eng.] ; ,y ______ Pipe-claying their weekly accounts. Mat*ryat. Pi per (plp'er), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants be- longing to the nat. order Piperace®. Pip er a ce «e (plp'or-a^se-S or pl'per-S^se-S), n. pi. A small nat. order of the pepper tribe or herba- ceous, aromatic, pungent, and stimulant exogens. Pip er a ce ous (plp'or-a^shtis or prper-a^shus), i a. [Lat. piper, pepper.] Of or belonging to the Piperace® or pepper tribe of plants. Piperic (pi-pgrMk), a. Produced from plants of the pepper family or from piperin.—Ptpertc acid (Chem.) (C^HjqO*), An acid produced by boiling V-iperin with potash. Pi per 1 din (pi-pgr'l-din), n. (Chem.) (C5HnN.) A volatile basic substance produced by the actio' t alkalies on piperin. Pip er*in 630 ) (pTp'er-In or pl'per-In), n. A oondtfe- Pip er ine ) tion of volcanic ashes. Pi pi (pl'pi). n. The astringent pods of Cceaalplnia Pipai, sometimes imported along with divi-divi for tanning. Piping (plp'ing), n. 1* The act of one who pipes. % 2. Pipes, as for gas, water,'etc., collectively. Piping-crow (plp'ing-krO), n. (Ornith.) The Barita tibicen, a bird of New South Wales, remark- able for its musical and mirpicking powers. Pip pin-face (plp'in-ffls), n. A reddish, round, smooth face, suggesting a resemblance to a pippin. Dickens. Pip pin-faced ( plp'in-fast), a. Having a round rosy face suggestive of a pippin. Dickens. Pip pul-tree (plp'pul-tr6),n. Same as Peepul-tree (which see). Pi pra (pl'pra), n. (Ornith.) A genus of passerine birds, known by the name of manakins, whioh in- habit South America. 111. PI. 15, Fig. 16. Pip y (pi'pi )i Resembling a pipe; formed like a tube ; hollow-stemmed ; piping ; whistling. In desolate places, where dark moisture breeds The pipy hemlock to strange overgrowth. Keats. Piqu€ (pO-ka), n. [Fr., from piquer, to prick, to quilt.] A kind of figured cotton fabrie used for women's dresses and men's vests. Pique (pSk), n. [Fr.] The peak or prominent part forming the front of a saddle. Pique (pCk), v. i. To cause irritation. Pi quette (pG-kgt7), n. Sour wine; a drink made in France by pouring water on the husks of grapes. Simmonds. Piqu€-work (pS-ka'w6rk), n. A minute kind of buhl-work, employed to ornament objects of small size. Pi rai (pi-rl'), n. (Ichth.) The Serrasalmo Piraya, a voracious fresh-water fish of tropical America. Its jaws are armed with lancet-shaped teeth as si jirp as those of the shark. Called also Piraya. Pi ram i dig (pi-r&m'i-dig), n. (Ornith.) A spe- cies of goatsucker is so called in Jamaica, from its note. It is the Caprimulgua virginianus or ame~i- canus. Pi ray a (pi-rfl'ya), n. See Pibai. Pir nie (pir'ni), n. A woolen nightcap made in Kil- marnock, of different colors or stripes. [Scotch.] Simmonds. Pis ang (pls'ang), n. An Indian name for the plant- ain. Pis ca tor (pis-kfl'tor), n. [Lat.] A fisherman; an angler. Pis ces (pTs'sSz), n. pi. (Ichth.) The name of the first great subdivision of vertebrate animals, or the class fishes. 77. A. Nicholson. Pis ci capt ure (pls'^-kSp'tllr), n. [Lat. piscis, a fish, and captura, capture, from capiot to take.] The taking of fish ; angling, netting, etc. Pis ci cult u rai (pls'i-ktil//ttl-ral),a. Conneoted with or relating to pisciculture. Pis cid 1 a (pis-sld'i-a), n. [Lat. piscia, a fish, and iccdo, to kill, because the leaves, bark, and twigs are used for the purpose of stupefying fish.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Legumfuos®. Pis cl na (pis-sl'na or pls'si-na), ». (R. Cath. Ch.) A small stone basin used by the priest for washing his hands, rinsing the chalice, etc. PI so lit ic (pl'so-lifik), a. (Min.) Composed of pisolite; containing pisolite; resembling pisolite. Pis sel ae um (ple'el-G^um^n. [Gr.7rur(ra, pitch, \ and cAatov, oil.] An oily matter obtained from boil- ing pitch. Dunglison. Pis ti a (pts'ti-a), n. (Bot.) A genus of tropical water-weeds of the nat. order Pistiace® of some bot- anists and Lemnacere of others. Pis ti a ce te (pIs'ti-a^se-G)^. Same as Lemnacece. Pis til la ry (pls'til-la-ri), a. (Bot.) Of or belong- ing to the pistil.—Pistillary cord, a channel which passes from the stigma through the style into the ovary. Pis til lid I a (pls/til-lld//i-a), n. pi. (Bot.) Young spore-cases, the archegonia in ferns. Pis to leer (pls^to-lSr'), n. [On the type of can- noneer.] One who fires or uses a. pistol; hence, a duellist. 'The Chalk Farm pistoleer.1 Carlyle. Pis ton-spring (pls'ton-spring), n. A coilaround or inside a piston, which, by expanding, acts as Pi sunoftpPsum), ». [Lat., a pea.J (Bot.) The pea, a genus of plants of the nat. order Leguminos®. Pit (pit), v. t. To put. [Scotch.] Pitch (plch), v. t. To pave or face with stones, as an embankment. Knight. Pitch (plch), v. i.—To pitch into, to attack; to as- sault. [Slang.]—Pitch and pay, pay down at once; pay ready money. The word is * Pitch and pay *: - Trust none. Shak. Pitch (plch), n. 1. The distance between the pad* dies of a steam-ship, measured on the circle which passes through their centers. 2* The distance between the stays of marine and other steam boilers. 3. (Mining.) A lode or portion of a lode worked by a miner, who receives a certain portion of the ore raised, or its value. [Eng.] 4* A fixed locality for a street-seller doing busi- ness, or a street-singer, musician, and such like per- forming ; JhesUe of a traveling exhibition. [Slang. . Eng.] _ ,Mayhew. PLACE &• A throw; a toss; a cast or jerk of something from the hand.—Pitch and toss, a game in which the players determine the order of tossing by pitching coins at a mark.—Pitch of an arch, the rise or versed • side of an arch.—Concert pitch, in musical perform- ances, the degree of acuteness or gravity generally adopted for some one given note, and by which every other note is governed. Pitch (plch), n.—Pitch-chain, a chain composed of metallic plates bolted or riveted together, to work in the teeth of .wheels.—Pitch-mineral, the same as * Bitumen or Asphalt.—Pitch-opal, an inferior kind of common opal.—Pitch-plaster, a plaster of Bur- gundy pitch.—Pitch-pot, a large iron pot used for the purpose of boilingpitch.—Pitch-stone, theglassy form of feldstone, also called Retinite, resembling solid pitch. Pitch er (plch'er), n. (Base-ball.) The player who pitches the ball for the batsman to strike at.—Pitch- ers have ears, a cautionary proverb, signifying there may be listeners overhearing us. The saying has arisen from the double meaning^f ear. In the form little pitchers have long ears, it applies to children. Pitch-fork (pich'fork), v. t. 1* To lift or throw with a pitchfork. Hence— 2. To put suddenly or accidentally In any posi- tion. He has been pitchforked into the Foot-guards. O. A. Sala. Pitch ing ( plch'ing ), n.—Pitching-pence, money, commonly a penny, paid for pitching or setting down every bag of corn or pack of goods in a fair or market. [Eng.]—Pitching-piece, same as Apron- piece.—Pitching-stable, a variety of Cornish granite used for paving. [Eng.] \ Pitch u rim-bean (plch'u-rim-bSn), n. One of the isolated lobes of the drupe of Nectandra Puch- ury, a South American species of laurel, much used by chocolate makers as a substitute for vanilla. Called also Sassafras Nut, from the flavor, which resembles that of sassafras bark. Spelled also Pioh- urim-bean, Pichurum-bean. Pit fall f (plt'fal), v. t. To lead into a pitfall; to insnare. * Pitfalling dispenses.' Miltons PI the ci a (pi-thS'si-a), n. The fox-tail monkey. See Saki. , Pith e codd (plth'e-koid or pi-thS'kold), a. [Gr. an ape, and ecfios,^likeness.] (ZoOl.) Re- lating to or including apes of the highest division ; resembling an app; ape-like ; partaking of the qual- ities of an ape. Quart. Rev. Pi the cus (pi-thS/kus), n. [Gr. iriOyjKo5, an ape.] (ZoOl.) A restricted genus of apes, including the orang (P. satyrus), the great pongo of Borneo (P. Wormbii), and the P. Morio. They have the same number of teeth as man. The genus is known also as Simla. Pit ta (pltfta), n. (Ornith.) A genus of passerine birds, remarkable for the length of their legs, the shortness of their tail, and the vividness of their colors. Pittance (plt'ans), n. [L. Lat. pietantia, pitantia. a monk's allowance of food, from Lat. pietas, piety. Brachet points out that in the same way misericor- dia (mercy) was a name given in the middle ages to certain monastic repasts.] 1. An allowance of food in a monastery. Hence— 2. A very small allowance ; a dole. Pit tan cer (plt'ans-er), n. The officer in a mon- astery who distributed the pittance at certain ap- pointed festivals. Pit ted-tis sue (plt'ed-tlsh'fl), n. Same as Both- renchyma. Pit to spo ra ce se (plt'to-spo-ra^se-S), n. pi. (Bot.) The pittosporads, a natural order of poly- petalous hypogynous exogens, allied to Polygala- Pittosporad (pTt'to-spo-rad), n. (Bot.) Any) plant of the nat. ordel Pittosporace®. Pi tu i ta ry (pi-tfl'i-ta-ri), a.—Pituitary membrane, the Schneiderian membrane (which see).—Pitui- tary stem, the infundibulum of the brain. Pit-work (pjt;w6rk), n. (Mining.) The pumping and lifting apparatus of a mine shaft. Pi u ma (pi-H'ma), n. A mixed fabric of light text- ure used for men's coats. Simmonds. Piv ot (plv'ot), v. t. To place on a pivot; to furnish with a pivot. Piv o tal (plv'ot-al), a. Of or belonging to a pivot; belonging to or constituting that on which anything turns. Piv ot-bridge (plv'ot-brlj), n. A form of swing- bridge moving on a vortioal pivot underneath it. Plwarrie (pi-witr/ri), n. A sharp disagreeable intoxicating beverage prepared by the natives of South America from cassava. Plz zl ca to (pit'si-k^'tP). [It., twitched.] (3f«s.) A musical direction for the violin and violoncello: generally abreviated into pizz. Plac ard (pl&k'ard), \n. 1. A stomacher worn by Plac ate (pliSk'at), J men and women from the time of Edward IV. to that of Henry YIII. inclusive. 2. ( Anc. Armor.) An extra plate upon the low- er portion of the breastplate or backplate. Planche. Place (pias), n. 1. One of the three unities for- merly considered essential in the classical drama. The unity of place consisted in keeping the place of the action the same throughout the piece. >***-''' 2. A topic, point, or question for discussion: an old rhetorical term. ^BaconJ 3, (Geom.) Same as Locus. _, ©Aftia;, g, go job; ng, sin?; Ch, then; tb, thlnj Nw, wig; wh. whist; zh, a*ure;, 00, food; oi, oil ou, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PLACEMENT 4. {Falconry.) The greatest elevation which i bird of prey attains in its flight. A falcon tow'ring in her pride of place. 8hak. —Place of the moon (Astron.), the part of its orbit where it is found at any given time.—Place of the sun (Astron.), the sign and degree of the zodiac in which it i9 at any given time.—Apparent place, the position of a body as seen from the surface of the earth, its true place being that in which it would ap- pear if seen from the earth's center.—Eccentric place of a planet ( Astron.), that place or point of its orbit in which it would appear if seen from the 6un. —In place {Mining), a term used by miners to de- note the situation of a lode or vein inclosed on both sides by solid rock.—Place of arms (Fort.), an en- largement of the covered way, where bodies of troops can be formed to act on the defensive by flanking the covered way, or on the offensive by sorties. Place ment (pigment), n. The act of placing or of putting in a certain spot or position. Placenta (pla-sgu'ta), n. (Bot.) k free placen- ta-^ one in the middle of an ovary; & parietal pla- centa is one not projecting far inward, or one es- sentially constituted of the wall of the seed-vessel. Pla ceu tal (pla-sfin'tal), n. {ZoOl.) A member of the subclass Placentalia. Pla cen ta II a (pla-sen-tS'li-a), n.pi. (ZoOl.) The placental mammals, one of the two grand divisions or subclasses into which mammals are divided. The Placental ia comprise by far the largest num- ber of mammals, all being of higher organization than the Implacentalia. The lmplacentalia com- prise only two orders—the Monotremata and Mar- supialia. Pla cen ta ry (pla-sgn'ta-ri), n. {Bot.) A placen- ta bearing numerous ovules. Pla cen ta ry (pla-stfn'ta-ri), a. Relating to or con- nected with the placenta. ' The placentary system of classification.' Dana. Plac et (plSs'et), n. [Lat. it pleases.] 1* The assent of the civil power to the promul- gation of an ecclesiastical ordinance. A vote of the governing body in a university. 3* A vote of assent in a Latin council. Plack (piak), ». [Fr. plaque, from Fl. placke, a thin slice, an ancient small Flemish coin.] A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, equal to four pennies Scots, or the third part of an English penny. j Plac o derm (piaku>, to describe.] An apparatus working on a universal joint, designed for enlarg- ing or reducing pictures mechanically. Plank (plSngk), n. (Fig.) Any one prinoiple or article of a political or other platform. The distinctive elements or 'planks' of their plat- form are financial. London Times. —Plank-sheer (Naut.), the gunwale or covering board ; a plank round the ship which covers and se- cures the timber-he ads.—To walk the plank, a mode of drowni ng practiced by pi rates by causing their vic- tims to walk along a plank laid across the bulwarks of a ship till they overbalance it and fall into the sea. Plank age (phtngk'aj), n. An amount charged in some ports for the use of planks in loading and un- loading vessels. Planking (pl&ngk'ing), n. Planks collectively; a series of planks. Plank y (pUtngk'i), a. Constructed of planks. Chapman. Planometer (pla-nSm'et-er), n. [Lat. planus, plane, and Gr. fitrpov, a measure.] A plane, hard surface used in machine-making as a gauge for the adjustment of plane surfaces. Pla nom et ry (pla-nfim'et-ri), n. The act of measuring or gauging plane surfaces ; the art or act of using a planometer. Pla no-or bic u lar(pia/no-or-Mk//u-ler),o. Flat on one side and spherical on the other. Plant-a-cruive (plant'a-krOv), In. [Probably Plant a-crew (plSnt'a-krO), J from Fr. plant, a plantation or bed, (I, to, and crue, growth.] A small inclosure for the purpose of raising cole- wort plants, etc. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Plan ta gin e se (plSn'ta-jln^e-S), ) n. pi. Plan tag i na ce ae (plan-t&j'i-n^se-S),) [Lat. plantago, a plantain.] (Bot.) A small nat. order of plants belonging to the monopetalous exogenous series. The common rib-grass, or Plantago lanceo- lata, may be taken as a type. Plan ta go (plan-ta'go), n. [Lat., from planta, the sole of the foot, from a vague resemblance of the leaves to the foot.] (Bot.) A genus of plants. Plantain-eater (pian"tan-5t'er), n. (Ornith.) A scansorial bird of the genus Musophaga, nearly allied to the Insessores or perchers, found in Afri- ca, and so called from plantains forming their prin- cipal food. Plan ta ris (plan-ta'ris), n. (Anat.) A muscle of the foot which serves to extend it. Plan ta tion (plan-ta'shun), n. A name given in the state of Maine to a small township or district or- ganized under a local government, but without a charter. Plant-eat ing (plant/Wing), a. Living on plants; Jhytophagous. ant er (piant'er), n. 1. A person engaged in the fishing trade. [Newfoundland.] • 2* A piece of timber or the naked trunk of a tree, one end of which is firmly planted in the bed of a river, while the other rises near the surface of the water, a dangerous obstruction to vessels navi- gating the rivers of the Western States. [U. S.] Bartlett. Plant Ing (planting), n. (Arch.) The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation. Plant-jel ly (plant" jSi'i), n. See Pectin. Plan u la (plSn'u-la), n. [Lat. planus, flat.] (Zo- Ol.) The oval ciliated free-swimming embryo of certain of the Hydrozoa. Plaque (piak, piak, or piak), n. [Fr.] 1. An ornamental plate; a brooch; the plate of a clasp. A plague of diamonds and emeralds. W. B. Russell. 2» A flat plate of metal upon which enamels are painted; hence, applied to the small enamels them- selves done at Limoges in the fifteenth century. 3* A plate or saucer of China or wood on which a design is painted, intended to be hung up on the wall of a room as an ornament. PLATESSA 4. The shell designed to guard the hilt of A sword. Plaque (piak, pl$k, or piak), v. t. To hang upon the walls of a room painted plates or saucers by way of decoration. Plash et (plSsh'et), n. [Dim. of plash.] A small fond or puddle. asli-wheel (pl&sh'whSl), n. Same as Dash- wheel. . Plasm (plSzm), in. Formless elementary mat- Plas ma (piaz'ma), ) ter; specifically (Biol. ),the simplest form of organized matter in the vegetable and animal body, out of which the several tissues are formed; more specifically, in mammals, the nearly colorless fluid in which the corpuscles of the blood are suspended. 4 Plas mo di um (plas-mCdi-um), n. [From con- sisting of protopfasm.] (Bot.) A form which certain fungous plants assume at one stage of development. Plas mog o ny (plaz-mSg'o-ni), n. [Gr. ir\av\Kov, a leaf.] (Bot.) Ap- plied to plauts whose stems have no buds, and con- sequently no branches developed in the axils of the leaves. Stormonth. Plei o tra cbe so (plI'q-tra"ke-S), n. pi. [Gr. n\eib>v, more, and Tpaxewx, the windpipe.] (Bot.) Spiral vessels with several fibers united. Balfour. Plenary (pl?'na-ri), a. (Law.) A term applied to an ordinary suit through all its gradations and formal steps : opposed to summary. pien i po (plSn'i-pO), n. A contraction of Pleni- potentiary. 4 The plenipos have signed the peace.' Vanbrugh. Plen fslt ing-nall (plgn'ish-ing-nai), n. (Carp.) A large flooring-nail. Pie o oilro ic (pie'o-krC'ik), ) Pie ocli ro mat ic (pie - 8k' ro- or pl6;o-kro- V o. mSf'ik), ) Possessing the property of pleochroism. Dana. Pie o cliro ma tism (pis' o-krO " ma-tlzm), n. Same as Pleochroism. Pie o mor pbism (plS'o-mor "flzm), n. [Gr. irAetW, more, and form.] The property of being capable of existing in different forms ; spe- PLICATION ciflcally (Crystallog.), the property of crystallizing? in two or more fundamental forms; thus, carbon crystallizes in octahedral forms in the diamond, and in hexagonal prisms in graphite. When the crystal can assume two forms it is said to be di- morphic, or to present the phenomenon of dimor- phism ; when three it is said to be trimorphio. Cali.ed also Polymorphism. Pie o mor phous (pie o-mor"ftis), a. Possessing: the property or quality of pleomorphism. Pie o nast (ple'o-uast), n. One guilty of pleo- nasm ; ono who uses more words than is necessary. 4 The mellifluous pleonast.* C. Rcade. Pleucii ) (plflk), n. A plow. 4 A country fellow at' Pleugli ) the pleugh.1 [Scotch.] Burns. Pleu ra (plil'ra), n.—Pleura costalis (Anat.), that part of the pleura which is in contact with the pa- ri otea.-i:Pleura pulmonalis (Anat.), the portion of the pleura that covers the lungs. Pleu ra can thus (pl£l/ra-kSn,/thus), n. [Gr. irAeupa, the side, and a of the leaves. * Balfour. Pleu ro car pons (plffro-kar^pfis), a. (Bot.) Having the fructification proceeding laterally from the axils of the leaves, as in some mouses. Sachs. Pleu ro dls cous (plQ'ro-dIs"kus), a. [Gr. ttAcu- pd, a side, and 6ivw, to cut.] (Zo6l.) A genus of gasteropods of the family Conid®, having the shell fusiform. Pli ca (pll'ka), n. (Bot.) A diseased condition in plants, analogous to plica in man, in which short twigs are developed from the buds instead of tru« branches, and from these, in turn, other twigs of the same kind are produced, until the whole plant forms an entangled mass. Pli ca tlon ( pll-ka'shun ), n. (Oeol.) A bending back of strata on themselves. - oluofcain; g,go; J, job; ng, eing\ th, then; th, thin-, w.wig; wiuteMg; zh,a#ur©} oo, food; oi,oil( «n,po^t ^ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PLICAT1VE Pile a tire (pllk'a-tlv orpil'ka-tlv), a. (Bot.) Same as Plioate. Balfour. Plight t (plSt), pret. of ply, to turn. Turned. Chaucer. P1I o phyl lous (pll'o-ffl'/fis^a. Same as Pleio- phyllous {which see). I'll o liip pus (i>lI/o-hTp//pu8), n. [From pMo, for pliocene, aud Gr. ittttos, a horse.] (Paleon. )• A fos- sil genus of pachyderms, family Equidae, which was about the size of an ass. Pli o pi the cus (plT'o-pi-th6//kus), n. TGr. irAei- tav, more, and ttiOyikos, an ape.] (Paleon.) An ex- tinct ape, having a resemblance to the,tailed monk- eys of South America. Plis kle (plls'ki), n. [Perhaps from Fr. plus que, more than (can be tolerated, or the like).] A mis- chievous trick: also used in the sense of plight, con- dition. [Scotch.] Plo ca ri a ( plo-kS'ri-a ), n. [Or. itAoko?, some- thing woven or plaited, ttAckw, to weave.] (Bot.) A genus of algae, of the order or suborder Ceramiacere. JPlo ce ft nae ( plO'se-r'nS ), n. pi. (Ornith.) The weaver-birds, a sub-family of Fringillidae. Plo ce us ( plO'ee-us ), n. [From Gr. irAe'fca>, to weave.] (Ornith.) A genus of birds containing a number of species commonly known as weaver- birds. Plod. (plQd), v. t. To go or walk over in a heavy laboring manner; to accomplish by heavy toilsome walking or exertion. ' If one of mean affairs may plod it [the way] in a week.' Shah. Plonge (plQnj), v. t. [A form of plunge.] Toclean.-e, as open sewers, by stirring up the mud at the bottom with a long pole as the tide in a tidal river is going down, so that both water and mud flow into the river, Plonging is opposed to flushing, which is the mode of cleansing covered sewers. [Eng.] Mayhew. jPlook (pldk), n. A pimple. [Scotch.] Plook y (plO'ki), a. Covered with plooks or pim- ples ; pimpled. [-Scotch.] His face was as plooky as a corran' bun. Oaft. Plop (pl5p), v. i. [From sound.] To fall or plump into water. [Vulgar. Eng.] Mrs. Gaskell. Plot (plOt), v. t. [Comp. Gael, plodach, lukewarm, parboiling.] To scald ; to make any liquid scalding hot; to steep in very hot water. [Scotch.] Plot-proof (plQt'prflf), a. Proof against plots; not to be hurt by a plot or plots. The harlot-king is plot-proof. Shah. Plot tie (plflt'ti), n. [See Plot, to scald.] A sort of mulled wine. [Scotch.] Get us a jug of mulled wine—plottie, as you call it. Sir W. Scott. Plo tus (plO'tus), n. [Gr. irAwro*, flowing, from 7rA«fu>, to sail.] (Ornith.) A genua of web-footed birds of the family Folecanidaev and resembling the galls in appearance ; the darters. Plou si oc ra cy (plou'si-Wra-si), ». [Gr. irAov- irios, a wealthy person, and Kpareui, to rule.] Gov- ernment by the wealthy classes ; plutocracy ; also, people of great wealth and influence generally. Treason against the plousiocracy. Sydney Smith. Plout-net (plout'ngt), ) n. A small stocking-shap- Pout-net (pout'nfit), J ed river net attached to two poles. [Eng.] Plou toe ra cy (pl&-t5k'ra-8i), ». Same as Flutoo- racy. Plou to crat (plO'to-krSt), n. Same as Plutocrat. Plou to crat lc (plO'to-kr&fik), a. Same as Plu- tocratic. Plov ers page (plflv'erz-pSj), n. (Ornith.) Same as Dunlin: so called from being often seen in com- pany with the plover. Plow } (plou), n. iCloth Manuf.) An instrument Plough ) for cutting the flushing parts of the pile or nap of fustian.— Ice plow, an instrument used for cutting ice into portions suitable for storing and for sale. [U. S.]—The Plow, the prominent seven stars in the constellation of the Great Bear; Charles's Wain.—To put one's hand to the plow (Fig.), to be- gin a task : to commence an undertaking. Plow \ (plou), v. t. [A corruption of pluck.] To Plough ) reject, as a candidate at aU examination for a degree and the like; to pluck. [University slang. Eng.] •Ploughed' is the new Oxfordish for 'plucked.' Charles Plow-silver ) ( plou"sfl'ver ), 71. (Old Eng. Plough-sil-ver J Law.) Money formerly paid by some tenants in lieu of service to plow the lord's lands. Plow-sock Mplou'sBk), ». Same as Plowshare. Plough-sock ) [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Ploy (ploi), n. [Abbrev. of employ.'] Employment; • a harmless frolio; a merry-meeting. [Scotch.] Ploy£ (plwft-yS), a. [0. Fr.ployer, to bend.] (Her.) Bowed and bent. Pluck (plflk), n. Same as Noble (a fish). Plucked (pldkt), a. Endowed with pluck or cour- age : having a heart or temper of such a character. [Colloq.] The best plucked One. Thackeray. Pluck y ( pltib' i), a. Possessing great courage ; spirited: resolute; mettlesome; as, he's a plucky little fellow. Thackeray. PI uff (pl&f), v. t. To throw out tomoke in quick and successive whiffs; to set fire to gunpowder; to throw out hair-powder in dressing the hair. [Scotch.] 633 Pluffy (plfif'i), a. [Onomatopoetlc.] Fluffy; flab- by ; blown.up. 'Light pluffy hair.' Albert Smith. Plug (plug), n. (Mining.) A core made of iron, used in blasting.—Plug and feather, a mode of di- viding hard stones by means of a long tapering wedge called the key, and wedge-shaped pieces of Iron called feathers, which are driven into holes previously drilled into the rock for the purpose, and thus forcibly split it. Plug ger (plug'er),*.. One who or that which plugs; specifically, a dentist's instrument of various forms for driving and packing a filling material into a hole in a carious tooth. Knight. Plumb (plQm), v. t. To seal with lead. Webster. Plum ba go (plum-ba'go), «. (Bot.) A genus of plants, the type of the nat. order Plumbaginaceae. P. scandens is remarkably acrid, and on this account is called herbe du diable, or the devil's herb, in St. Domingo. Plumb-bob (plfim'bOb), n. The conoid-shaped, metal bob or weight attached to the end of the flumb-line or plummet. um bfsm (plum'blzm), n. (Med.) The diseased condition of the system caused by lead-poisoning. Plumb less (plum'les), a. Not capable of being measured or sounded with a plumb-line; unfath- omable. 4 The plumbless depths of the past.' Dickens. Plum bo site (plfim'bo-slt), n. Same as Boulan- gerite. Plum-broth (pltim'brBth), n. Broth containing flurus or raisins. Pope. ume (plflm), n. and a.—Plume-bird (Ornith.), a bird of the genus Epimachus.—Plume-like, having the appearance of a plume.—Plume-maker, a feath- er-dresser ; a manufacturer of funeral plumes. Sim- monds.—Plume-plucked, stripped of a plume ; hence (Fig.), humbled; brought down. * Plume-plucked Richard.' Shak. Plum 1st (plUm'ist), n. A dealer in or maker up of feathers for plumes. Moore. Plum mer (plQm'er), ». Same as Plumber. Plum mer-block ( plfim'er-blOk ), n. Same as Plumber-block. Plum mer's-pill (plfim'erz-pll), n. (Med.) The compound calomel pill of the Pharmacopoeia. Plum my ( plum'i), a. Resembling or consisting of plums; hence (Fig.), desirable; good; nice: probably having iu this sense allusion to the collo- quial meaning of plum; as, to ge$ something plum- my. George Eliot. Plump (pl&mp), n. A sudden heavy downfall of rain. 4 The thunder -plump that drookit me to the skin.1 [Scotch.] Gait. Plum-pud ding-stone (plfim//pud/ing-stOn), n. (GeoL) A term now loosely applied to any con- glomerate. Originally the term was restricted to a conglomerate of flint pebbles, from sections of the stone presenting some resemblance to slices of a plum-pudding. Plu mu la ceous ( plfl/mu-lft//shtis ), a. Having plumules; covered with down ; downy. Plu mule (plfl'mfll), n. A small feather; that which resembles a plume. Plunge (plfinj), v. i. To throw the body forward and the hind legs up, as an unruly horse. Plun ger (plunj'er), 7i. 1. (Mil.) A cavalry-man ; pi. the cavalry. 'A dragful of Plungers.' [Slang. Eng.] Macmillan^8 Mag. 2. The firing-pin or striker used in some breech- loading fire-arms. 3. (Pottery.) A vessel in which clay is beaten by a wheel into the required consistency. Knight. —Plunger-pump, a force-pump. Plu ral i za tion (pie'ral-i-za^shun), n. The act of pluralizing ; the attributing of plurality to a per- son by the use of a plural pronoun, as when the Germans say sie, they, in speaking to one person. H. Spencer. Plu rft fo li o late (plO'rt-fC'li-o-lat), a. [ Lat. plus, pluris, more, and folium, a loaf.] (Bot.) Hav- ing numerous little leaves. ' Gray. Plu rip a rous (plG-rTp'a-rfis), a. [Lat. plus, plu- lis, more, and pario, to produce.] Producing sev- eral young ones at a birth. 'A pluriparous animal.' H. Spencer. Plu rft par tftte (pWri-par^tTt), a. fLat. plus, plu- ris, more, and partitus, divided.J (Bot.) Applied to an organ which i« deeply cleft into numerous nearly distinct portions. Plus (plos). This word is frequently used adverb- ially, with the signification of in addition to, with the addition of ; as, his success is due not to ability alone, but to ability plus impudence. As an adjec- tive it is used for positive, in opposition to negative. Success goes invariably,with a certain plus or positive power. Emerson. Plush y (plfish'i), a. Consisting of or resembling Dlush; shaggy and soft. ' The plushy lawn.' H. Kingsley. Plu tar Chy (plO'tftr-ki), n. Same a3 Plutocracy. Southey. Pin te us (plO'te-us),». [Lat.] 1. (Anc. Arch.) The wall sometimes made use of to close the intervals between the columns of a building; also, a balustrade; a parapet. 2. (Class. Mil. Antiq.) (a) Boards or planks placed on the fortifications of a camp, on movable towers or other military engines, as a kind of roof for the protection of the soldiers., (b) A movable gallery on wheels, shaped like an arched sort of POCKET wagon, in which a besieging party made their ap« proaches. 3* (ZoOl.) The name given to the larval form of the Echinoideff. . Plu toe rac y ( pl6 - t8k' ra-si), n. [Gr. itAovto$, riches, wealth, and Kpareot, to rule.] 1 • The power or rule of wealth; government by the rich alone. Gladstone. 2» Wealthy persons collectively; the class of rich men having a controlling influence. Plu to crat (plO'to-krflt), n. One who governs, rules, or sways a community or society by virtue of his wealth ; a person possessing power or influence solely or mainly owing to his riches. i 'ThepJufo- crats and bureaucrats.' ' Kingsley. Plu to crat ic (plo'to-krifik), a. Relating to or characteristic of a plutocracy or a plutocrat; con- sisting in a government by the rich; as, a pluto- cratic government; plutocratic ideas. Plu tol o gy (plO-tQl'o-ji), n. [Gr. jtAovtos, riches, and Aoyos, a discourse.] (Pol. Econ.) That branch of science relating to wealth. Plu ton ic (pld-tOn'ik), a.—Plutonic rocks (Geol.), unstratified crystalline rocks formed at great depth beneath the earth's surface by igneous fusion ; or, rocks once stratified now altered by chemical action with or without heat. The term is opposed to vol- canic rocks, also formed by fire, but having cooled at or near the surface. Plu tus (pl 7i. pi. (Eccl.) A sect of Christians who first ap- peared at Plymouth, England, in 1830. They ac- knowledge no form of church government nor any office of the ministry, all males being regarded by them as equally entitled to 'prophesy' or preach. Called also Darbyites, after Mr. Darby. Plym outh ism (pllm'uth-Izm), n. The doctrines of the Plymouth Brethren. Pneu ma tho rax ( nfl/ma-tbO'/raks ), ) Pneu ma to tho rax ( nQ/mat-o-thO/'raks ), > * (Med.) Same as Pneumothorax. Pneu mat ic (nfi-m^fik), a.—Pneumatic paradox, that peculiar exhibition of atmospheric pressure which retains a valve on its seat under a pressure of gas, only allowing a film of gas to escape.—Pneu- matic philosophy, a name formerly applied to the science of metaphysics or psychology ; pneumatol- ogy.—Pneumatic physicians, a name given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom was Athenieus, who made health and disease to consist in the dif- ferent proportions of a fancied spiritual principle, called pneuma, to those of the other elementary principles.—Preumatic trough, a trough of a par- ticular construction for collecting gases under wa- ter or mercury so as to exclude atmospheric air. Thomas. Pneu mat o cyst (nu-mfit'o-slst or nU'mat-o-pi^t), n. [Gr. irvevfta, air, and icvcttis, a cyst.] (Zo6l.) The air-sac or float of certain of the oceanic Hydrozoa (Physophoridffi). Pneu mat o phore (nfi-mSt'o-fOr or ntTmat-Or fOr), 7i. [Gr. irvevna, irvcv/iaros, air, and ep(o, to carry.] (ZoOl.) The proximal dilatation of the cce- nosarc in the Physophoridra which surrounds the pneumatocyst. Pneumatosis fnfl'ma-t^y'sis), n. [Gr. vvevfta- to to, to inflate.] A windy swelling in any part of the body. Pneu mom e try (ntl-mOm'et-ri), n. The meas- urement of the capacity of the lungs for air. Pneu mo ot o ka (nfl mo-Wo-ka), n. [Gr. «rvew- Ixujv, a lung, wof, an egg, and toko?, laying.] (ZoOl.) A subdivision of Yertebrata, including animals that breathe air and lay eggs, that is birds and the greater number of reptiles. Owen. Pneu mo skel e ton (nfl'mo-skSl^e-tonV n. [Gr. irvevfjiwv, a lung, and Eng. skeleton.] (Compar. Anat.) The hard structure connected with the breathing organs of certain animals. The shells of molluscs are termed pneumoskiletons. H. A. Nicholson. Pneumothorax (nil 'mo-tbO "raks), ». [Gr. nvevfia, air, and 0u>pa{, the chest.] (Pathol.) A collection of air in the cavity of the pleura. Po a cite (pO'a-sIt), n. [Gr. iroa, grass.] (Paleon.) A fossil monocotyledonous leaf; also a general term for fossil grass-like leaves. Pock (pOk), 7i. A poke ; a bag or pouch. TSc.] Pock et (pOk't), n. (Mining.) A small cavity in a rock or a spot in a vein particularly rich with gold; a mass of rich ore. * Pock et (pOk'et), rw—Pocket-book, a porte-monnaie. -Pocket-borough, a borough, the powor of electing a member of parliament for which is in the hand>* of one or a few persons. [Eng.]—Pocket-flap, the piece that covers the pocket-hole, as in a coat.— Pocket-money, money for the pocket or for occasion- al expenses; spending-money.—Pocket-picking, act or practioe of picking pockets ; the trade of a pick- pocket.— Pocket-volume, a volume small enough to notation : a, 6,1,0, d, long; 8, 6,1,8, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, f&ll, f^st, cAre j On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in cester s Unabridged Dictionaries. hdr. mOve, or; bull, Q, Fr.; It, Fr., ton; the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-POCKMANKY ^ carried in the pocket.—To have in one's packet, to have complete control of. Trollope.—To be in pocket, to have gain or profit.—To be out of pock- et, to expend or lose money: as, to be out of pocket by a transaction. Pock man ky ( pok-mSng'ki), )«. A portman- Pock man ty ( pok-miln'ti.), J teau. Written also Pockmanteau. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Pock-pit ten (pftk' plt'n), a. Same as Pock-pit- ted. * That great pock-pilten fellow.' Tennyson. Pock-pud ding (pOk 'p^d'lng), n. [Scotch.] 1* A pudding, generally of oatmeal, cooked In a cloth bag. t 2. A glutton ; an opprobrious epithet formerly applied to Englishmen. Burt. Po cocurante (pO'kO-k5-rffn"ta), n. [It. poco, little, and euro, to care.] A person characterized t by want of care, interest, attention, or the like; an ; apathetic, careless, indifferent person. The p'icocurnntci* of her sex. Sterne. Po co cu rant ism (pO/k0-kfl-r3nt//Izm), n. The character, disposition, or habits of a pococurante ; extreme indifference, apathy, or carelessness. 4 Yawning pococur ant isms."1 Carlyle. Pod (pfld), n. The straight channel or groove in the body of certain forms of augers and boring-bits.— Pod-auger, a name sometimes given to an auger formed with a straight channel or groove.—Pod-bit, a boring-tool used in a brace. It is semi-cylindrical in shape, has a hollow barrel, and at its end is a cuttinx-lip which projects in advance of the barrel. Pod a gral (pOd'a-gral), a. Same as Podagric. Po dargus (po-d&r'gus), n. (Ornith.) A genus of Australasian nocturnal birds of the family Cap- riraulgid®, and nearly allied to the true goat-suck- » ers. Po des ta (po-d^^ta), n. [It. podestct, a governor, from Lat. potestas, power.] - 1. The title of certain officials sent in the twelfth t century by Frederic I. to govern the principal Lom- bard cities. ) 2• A chief magistrate of the Italian republics of the middle ages, generally elected annually, and in- trusted with all but absolute power. 3. Tlie name now given in some Italian cities to an inferior municipal judge. Po de tl um (po-dg'shi-um), n. [Or. »rovy, u-oSos, a foot.] (Hot.) The stalk-like elongation of the thal- lus which supports the fructification of certain li- . chens, as Cenunijyce. Podg y (pQj i or pOj'i), o. Dumpy and fat; pudgy. Dickens. Pod I ceps (pO'di-seps), n. [Irregularly formed from Lat. podex, the rump or anus, and pes, a foot.] (Ornith.) A genus of birds commonly called Grebes. Pod ley (p6d'li), n. A young coal-fish. [Scotch.] Pod o carp (pfld'o-karpj, n. [Gr. ttovs, wo66?, a foot, and Kapiros, fruit.] (Bot.) A stalk supporting the fruit. Pod o ceph a lous ( pSd'o-sgf a-lfis ), a. [ Gr. Trow?, jrofios, a foot, and fce<£aAij, the head.] (Bot.) A term applied to a plant having a head of flowers elevated on a long peduncle. Pod opli thai ma ta (p0d/of-th31"ma-ta), n. pi. [Gr. irou?, n-oSos, a foot, and 60aA/u.o?, an eye.] ; (ZoOl.) The division of crustacea in which the eyes j are borne at the end of long foot-stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters, etc. Written also Podophthal- maria, Pod ophthalmia. Pod opli tlial mic (p5d'of-thai"mik), o. (Zo6l.) Pertaining to or resembling crustaceans of the di- vision Podonhthalmata. Dana. Pod o pliyl Ifi> Mptfd/o-fn"tu), n. (Chem.) A Pod o pliyl line J resin obtained from the root- stalk of the may-apple (Podophyllum peltatum). It is used in medicine as a purgative, and seems to have the power of relieving the liver by producing copious discharges of bile. Pod o pliyl lous ( ptid 'o-fll "Us ), a. (Entom.) Applied to certain insects which have the feet or or- gans of locomotion compressed into the form of leaves. Podophyllum (p5d'o-fll//lum), n. [Gr. n-ov's, irofios, a foot, and <}>vK\ov, a leaf: the leaves bear some resemblance to a duck's foot.] (Bot.) A North American genus of Berberidacere containing only one species, P. peltatum (the duck's-foot or may- apple). Also, the root of the plant used in medicine as a purgative. Pod o som a ta (pttd'o-s5m"a-ta), n. pi. [Gr. wov5, iroSos, afoot, and o-w^o, a body.] (ZoOl.) A marine order of arachnijdans in which the respira- tion is effected by the general surface of the body. Popularly known under the name of Sea-spiders. Called also Pantopoda. Pod o sperm (pCd'o-sp6rm), >». [Gr. Pod o sper mum (p6d'n-sp6r"mum), S *ouS, iro- Ws, a foot, and avepfxa, seed.J (Bot.) A small bud or thread connecting an ovule with its placenta. Pod o sphe ni a (p5d'o-sf6'ni-a), n. [Gr. jtov?, iroSds, the foot, and rjv, a wedge.] (Bot.) A genus of Diatomacea?, or microscopic plant-growths, with wedge-shaped frustule9. Page Po du rl doe (po-dfl ri-d?), n. pi. [Gr. vovs, iro&os, a foot, oupa, tail, and eifio?, resemblance.] (Entom.) A family of apterous insects belonging to the order Thysanura and known by the popular name of spring-tails. Po e (pO'e), n. An article of food of the Sandwich Islanders, prepared from the root of the taro (Cala- dium esculentum). 634 Po eph a ga (po-8f'a-ga), n. pi. [Gr. noa, grass, and (payta, to eat.] (ZoOl.) A group of marsupials, so named from their herbivorous habits. The group includes the kangaroos and the kangaroo-rats, or potoroos. Po eph a gons (po-Sf'a-gfie), a. Subsisting on grass; pertaining or relating to the Poephaga. 1 Po- ephagous kangaroos.1 Owen. Po eph a gus (po-Sf'a-gus), ». [Gr. iroa, grass, and , to eat.J (ZoOl.) A genus of ruminating mammalia, of which only one species is known, the yak of the Thibet mountains (P. grunniens). Po eph i la (po-Sf'i-la or po-6 fi-la), n. [Gr. irda, grass, and 0i'Aos, loving.J (Ornith.) A genus of Australian insessorial birds belonging to the finch family. Po et ic (po-St'ik), > a.—Poetical justice, a dis- Po et ic al (po-Ct'ik-al), J tribution of rewards and punishments such as is common in poetry and works of fiction, but hardly in accordance with the realities of life.—Poetic license, a liberty or license taken by a poet with regard to matters of fact or language, in order to produce a desired effect. Po etlcule (po-St'i-kfll). n. [Lat. poeta, a poet, and the dim. term, -cuius.J A petty, sorry, mean, or wretched poet; a poetaster. The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules.' Swinburne. Pogge (pfig), n. (Ichth.) The armed bull-head (As- pidophorvs europceus). Po gon (pO'gon), n. [Gr. n-wyoji'.] (Bot.) Beard. Balfour. Po go nf as (po-gO'ni-as), ». [Gr. irwyiavtas, beard- ed, from iruiytov, a beard.] (Ichth.) A genus of acanthopterygious fishes of the family ScisBnidsB, called Drum-fish and Grunts from the extraordinary noise they make under the water. Pol (poi), n. Same as Poe. Pol ki lo graf ic (poi'ki-lo-grflfik), a. (Photog.) Relating to, or produced by, poikilography. Poi ki log ra phy (poi'ki-lftg^ra-fi)^. [Gr. irot- kiAos, having many colors, and ypd6*, brother.] (Bot.) A plant having its stamens united in several bodies or bundles by the filaments. A Pol y an dric (pBl'i-m^'drik), a. Pertaining to or Characterized by polyandry ;'baving more husbands than one at the same time. 4PolyandHo marriage.' West. Rev. Polyatomic (pCri-a-t8m"ik). a. [Gr. jroAifc, many, and Eng. atomic.] (Chem.) A term applied to elements or radicles which have an equivalenoy greater than one; as, polyatomic alcohol. Pol y ba sic (p8l'i-bas'/ik), a. [Gr. iroAv'j, many, and Eng. basic,] (Chem.) Applied to an acid hav- ing or combining with several bases; polyatomio; as, polybasic acids. Pol y car pic (p51'!-kfir"pik),a. [Gr. iroAife, many, and icapiros, fruit.] (Bot.) Having the carpels dis- tinct and numerous, each flower bearing several fruits: a term applied to a plaut which bears fruit . many times without perishing. Pol y car pous (poi'i-k&r"pfts), a. Bearing fruit many times without perishing; also,bearing differ- ent varieties of fruit. Pol y ceph a loustpttl'l-sgfa-ltis),**. [Gr.iroAv'f, many, and KtaAi}, the head.] (Bot.) Having acom- ~mv\u support, capped by many like parts. rol y chrome (pOl'i-krOm), n. 1. (Chem.) (0ra, actinozoa. ) Th© term polypi, however, is still indiscriminately ap- })lied to any of tbe Coelenterata, but more especial- y to the. hydra or the sea-anemone. Tbe name of zoophytes is also sometimes loosely applied to them. Poly pet a lea (pOl'i-p6t'a-10)} n. pi. (Bot.) A term applied to plants with distinct petals, in oon- tradistinction io Gamopetalce, which nave the petals united into a single corolla. They are divided intt> CatyviJloroB and Thalamiflora. Called also Dialy- petaloe. Poly phagia (pBl'i-fH'7 ji-a), n. [Gr. woA v'?, ^much, many, and <£ayw, to eat.] 1* (Med.) Excessive desire for eating; voraoity. SI* The faculty of subsisting on many kinds of food. Dunglison. Pol y phy let ic (p51'i-fl-15t"ik), o. [Gr. troAwj, many, and <^uAi}, a clan, a tribe, a family.] Of or pertaining to many tribes or families, specifically (Biol.), applied to the hypothesis that all organ- isms have not their descent from one primordial cell, but from many independent sources of origin :< polygenetic. Pol y plde (pOl'l-pId or p»l'i-pld), n. (ZoOl.) The separate zodid of a polyzoOn. Po lyp 1 dom (po-ITp'i-dom), «. (ZoOl.) The der» mal system or Investing layer of a colony of a by- drozoOn or polyzoOn. Written also Polypary, Pol y pli'er a > (pOri-pIf'er-a), n. [Lat. poly- Polyplphera f pus, a polyp, and fero, to! bear. j (ZoOl.) A class of Cuvier's Radiata, consist-! ing of soft aquatio animals of a plant-like form.] Called also Polypi. Pol y pip a rous (p81M-pTp"a-rti8), a. [Lat. poly- pus, a polyp, and pario, to produce.] Producing polyps. Pol y pite (pOl'i-pIt), n. (ZoOl.) The fundamental element in the structure of a hydjozoOn. It is a single zoOid, consisting essentially of a sac having at one end an ingestive or oral opening, which lead9 into a digestive cavity. The wall of the sao if* com- posed of two cellular membranes, the outer of which is termed the ectoderm and tbe inner the endoderm. Between these two layers a third layer—the meso- derm— may be developed. Called also Hydranth. Poly plastic (pttr i-pias"tik), a. [Gr. »roAu?t many, and irAqoriKo?, plastic, from irAdaaw, to form.] Having or assuming many forms. » j Pol y po dl a ce ee (pfll'i-pO 'di-ft"se-S),n. pf. (Bot,y Anat. order of ferns, which may be taken as the type of the whole. Poly po dia ceous (pOl'l-pO'di-a^shfis), a. Of or relating to the Polypodlacese. Pol y po gon (p51'i-pn"gon), n. [From Gr. iroAvs, many, ana wutytav, a beard.] (Bo£.) A handsome genus of grasses with densely contracted usually airy panicles, extending from Western France to Central Asia. { Ppl yp-stock (pttl'ip-stBk), n. Same as Polypary, ftf 6i 1,0, tl, long t fi, 8,1,6t ti» shorti e, I. o, a, obscure; • fur, fftll, f&g, c|r® mOve. or; bi*ll, 0, Fr.; fu Fr.* ton phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wotn On this page will he found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.POLY PTERID Pol yp ter I dae (pOl^p-t^r^i-dS), n. pi. [Gr. ttoA- vt, many, jrrepov, a feather, a fin, and India. Po rif e ra (po-rlf'er-a), n. pi. [Lat. porus, a pore, and fero, to bear.] (ZoOl.) An order of the Pro- tozoa, including the marine and fresh-water spon- ges, commonly termed Spongida, Spongidce, Spon- gice. They are by Haeckel and others classed with the corals as Actinozoa. Po rif e ran (po-rlf'er-an), n. (ZoOl.) A member of the class Porifera. Pork (pOrk), n.—Pork-butcher, one who kills pigs or deals in pork.—Pork-chop, a slice from the rib of a • pig. Simvionds. — Pork-eater, one who feeds on swine's flesh. Shak.—Pork-pie, a pie made of pas- try and minced pork.—Pork-sausage, a sausage made of minced pork with various seasoning or flavoring ingredients. Por nog ra .phy (por-nSg'ra-fi), ». A description of prostitutes or of prostitution, as a.matter of pub- lic hygiene. Dunglison. Por phy ra (por'fl-ra), n. [Gr. iropvpa, purple, from the color of the species.] (Bot.) A genus ofi edible Algse or sea-weeds. ch,'cA&ln; j, job; smgr; tb, toen; th. thlxxi w, wig; wh, whig; zh, aaiure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound.. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.POKPHYRIO JPor playT 1 O (por-ffr'l-o), n. [Gr. wofxfrvfHL, pur- Ele.J (Omith.) A genua of birds of the rail family, icluding the P. hyacinlhinus (purple or hyaoin- thlne gallinule), a bird with beautiful blue plumage, found in Europe, Asia, and Africa, and remarkable for the stoutness of its beak and the length of its legs. 111. PI. 16, Pig. 1. Por phy rlt i cal (por'A-r!t"ik-al), a. Same as Forphyritic. Por phy rl za tion (por'fl-ri-z&//shun), h. The aot of porpbyrizing, or the state of being porphyrised. Por pay ro gene (por'fl-ro-ifin), a. Born of royal parents. Por phy ro gene (por'fl-ro- jSn), n. See Porphy- booenitu8. Por pSiy ro ge net Ic ( por' fl-ro - je -nSt"ik ), o. [Porphyry, and Gr. y«vi/aw, to generate.] Produc- ing or generating porphyry. Por pbv ro gen! tism (por'fi-ro-j6n"it-Izm), ». [Bee below.] The principle of succession in royal families, especially in the families of the Eastern Roman emperors, in accordance with which a young- er son, if born in the purple, that is, after the suc- cession of his parents to the throne, was preferred to an older son who was not. [The term is said by some to be derived from the purple-chamber, called porphyra, in which the empresses of Constantinople were brought to bed.] Por phy ro gen i tns (por'fl - ro - j6n"it -us), n. [Lat. porphyra, purple, and genitvis, begot, born.] A title given, especially by the Romans of the East- ern Empire, to such of the sovereign's sons as were born after his accession to the throne. See Poa- phybooenitiflm. Por phy ry ( por'fi-ri ), n. Originally, the name given to a very hard stone, partaking of the nature of granite, found in Egypt and the East in abun- dance. The term is now applied to any unstratifled or igneous rock in which detached crystals of feld- spar or some other mineral are diffused through a ba.<>e of Other mineral composition. .Por rl go (po-rl'go). n. [Lat.] (Med.) Scald-head ; scurf or scall in the nead. It is principally charac- terized by an eruption of pustules, unaccompanied by fever. Port (pOrt), n. [A. Sax. port, a port or h: ren.]— Free port, a port open and free for merchants of all nations to load or unload their vessels in, without paying any duty or cnatoms. Free port is also a term used for a total exemption and franchise which a.ay set of merchants enjoy for goods Imported into a state, or those of the growth of the country ex- ported by them. Port (p3rt), ». 1. [Lat. porta, a gate.] (Naut.) A passage-way in the side of a ship ; an embrasure or opening ic the side of a ship of war, through which oannon are discharged; a port-hole ; also, the cov- ering of such en opening.—Air ports, ports for the idtnission of air; called also air scuttles. Those in the sides are called ballast ports, being commonly cea for taking in ballast. The ports In the bow or stern are called raft ports.—Bridle ports, ports cut in a vessel's counter by whi^h hawsers are taken out .—Light port, an opening provided with a glazed Ud or side-light. 2. [Gael. J A martial pieoe of mnalo adapted to bagpipes. The pipe's shrill port aroused each olan. Sir W. Boott. Port (pOrt), n.—Port-charges (Cow.), charges to which a ship or its cargo is subjeoted in a harbor, as wharfage, etc. Called also Port-dues.— Port-lifter, a contrivance for raising and lowering heavy ports in ships.— Port-rule, an Instrument which regulates the motion of a rule in a machine. —Port-side, (Naut.), the left side of a vessel looking in the direc- tion of the bow. Por ta gue t fpOr'ta-gtn, ) n. A Portuguese gold Por te gue f (pOr'te-gtl), J ooin, worth, accord- ing to some, about $21, according to others, about (16. 41 have a portague I have kept this half year.* B. Jonson. Written also Portigue. Port al (pOrt'al), a.—Portal circulation (Anat.), a subordinate part of tho venous circulation, belong- ing to the liver, in which the blood makes an addi- tional circuit before it joins the rest of the venous blood. Por ta men to (por'ta-m6n/'t0), n. [It.] (Mus.) The gliding from one note to another without a break. Port cul lis (pOrt-ktSl'ls), n. One of the pursui- vants of the English College of Heralds, and so called from the badge he wore. Por ter (pOr'ter), n. 1* A law officer who carries a white or silver rod before the justice in eyre. [Eng.] 2* (Forging.) A bar of iron attached to a heavy forging, whereby it is guided beneath the hammer or Into the furnace, being suspended by chains from a crane above; also, a bar from whose end an arti- cle is forged. Knight. Portiere (por-t5-4r), n. [Fr.] A door curtain; a curtain hanging over a doorway, window, etc. Por tl o (pOr'shi-o), n. [Lat.] A portion or branch. Specifically (Anat.) applied to two nerves, portio dura and purtio mollis, two branches of the seventh pair of nerves, the portio dura, or hard portion, being the facial nerve, the portio mollis, or soft portion, the auditory or aooustic nerve. Applied also to a small, white fasciculus, intermediate between the portio dura and the portio mollis. 637 Portion (pCr'shnn), ». Fate; final state. 1 And shall appoint him his portion with the hypocrites.' Mat. zxiv. 61. Por tion er (pOr'shtm-er ), n. (Boots Law.) (a) The proprietor of a small feu or portion of land. (b) The sub-tenant of a feu; an under-feuer.— Heirs portioners, two or more females who succeed jointly to heritable estate in default of heirs male. 2* (Eool.) A minister who, together with others, serves a benefice: so called beoause he has only a portion of the tithes or profits of the living. Port land {pOrf land), a. Belonging to the Isle of Portland, in Dorsetshire, England.—Portland beds (Qeol.), a division of the upper oGlltes occurring between the Purbeck beds and the Kimmeridge clay. Named from the *rocks of the group forming the Isleof Portland in Dorsetshire.— Portland cement, a well-known cement made from common limestone. So called from its resemblance in color to Portland- stone. It is much used in facing up brick, and buildings of rough stone, so as to Imitate blooks of hewn stone. Por tu a ry (pOr'tu-a-ri), n. [L. Lat. portiforium."] (JSocl.) A name applied to a breviary, from its be- ing easily carried. Por ta guese (p0r/tu-g6z),a.—Portuguese nan-of- war, the name given by early English voyagers to a species of Physalla, the P. atlantica. Pos t (pOz), a. A contraction of Positive current in the Queen Anne age. She shall dress me and flatter me, for J will be flat- tered, that's pos. Addison. Po sa da (po-sft'da), n. [Sp.] An inn. Po sau ne (po-zou'ne), n. [G., trombone.] (Mus.) A reed-stop on the organ of a rich and powerful tone, the pipes of which are of 8 feet on the manuals, and 16 and 32 feet on the pedals. Pose (pOz), n. [Fr. pose, an attitude. 1* Attitude or position taken naturally, or as- sumed for effect; as, the pose of an actor; especi- ally, the attitude in which any character is repre- sented artistically; the position, whether of the whole person or of an individual member of the body; as, the pose of a statue ; the pose of the head. 2. A deposit; a secret hoard. [Scotch.] Pose (pOz), v. t. To cause to assume a certain post- ure ; to place so as to have a striking effect. Pose (pOz), v. i. [Fr. poser, to attitudinize.] To attitudinize; to exhibit characteristic airs; to as- sume a pose; as, to pose as a martyr. Po set don (po-sI'don>, n. (Myth.) The Greek god of the sea, equivalent to the Latin Neptune. Post* (p3sh), n. Same as Pash. Posh m (pOsh'm), )n. [Native name.] The Paslt am (pfish'um), ) fine down which grows close to the skin of the Thibetan goat, used in mak- ing Cashmere shawls. Written also Pashium. Po sled ( pool or deep place in a river. [Scotch.] Pot(pOt), n.—Pot-boiler, a work of art or literature produced merely for the sake of providing the nec- assaries of life : most frequently applied to a paint- ing executed not for the sake of art, but simply for money. [Eng.]— Pot-h untcr, a sportsman who shoots anything he comes across, having more regard to filling his bag than to the rules which regulate the sport. [Slang. Eng.]—Pot-liquor, the liquor in which butcher-meat has been boiled ; thiu broth. Dickens.—Put-luck. To take pot-luck is for an un- expected visitor to partake of the family dinner, whatever it may chance to be. [Colloq.] - Pot-met ai, a species of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated within the glass when in the melt- ing-pot In a state of fusion.—Pot-hole, a peculiar cavity in ohalk.—Pot-shop, a small drinking shop where pots of ale are got. [Eng.] Dickens.—Pot- shot, (a) a shot taken for the sake of filling the pot, little heed being paid to preserving the ap- pearance of the animal, (b) A shot fired without very deliberate aira. (c) A shot fired at the enemy from a hole or an ambush. [Eng.] W. H. Russell. Pot (pQt), v. t. To shoot. 4 Potting pandiea.' [Slang. Eng. ] W. H. Russell. Pot (pSt), v. I. To perform the act of shooting at an enemy, at game, etc., steadily or uninterrupted- ly. [Slang. Eng.] The jovial knot of fellows near the stove bad been potting all night from the rifle-pit. Lever. Pot age (pBt'aj), ». Same as Pottage. Po tames (po-tim'e-C), n. pi. [From Potamoge- ton, the typical genus.] (Bot.) Same as Naiadacece. Pot a mo ge ton (pOt'a-m(V'je-ton), n. (Bot.) A genus of nquatic perennials, nat. order Naiadacese, with submerged translucent or floating opaque leaves and small flowers in long spikes. Pot a moph yl lite (pttt'a-mof'il-Tt or pOt'a-mo- tfl'lt), n. [Or. iroTa/i.6?, a river, and 4>v\\ov, a leaf.] (Fhleon.) A term applied to a genus of fossil mou- ocotyledonous leaves occurring in fresh-water ter- tiaries. Po tas si a mlde (po-tits'i-a-mTd), n. (Chem.) Am- monia in which part of the hydrogen is replaced by potassium. Po tas sic (po-tSs'ik), o. Relating to potassium ; containing potassium as an ingredient; applied to salts ot which potassium forms the base; as, potassic chlorate. Po ta to (po-tS'to), n.—Potato-bug, potato-beetle. See Colobado-beetlk.—Potato oat, a variety of the .oat(Avena sativa).—Potatoscab, a fungous plant, the Tubureinia scabies, found beneath the skin of the tuber of the potato, producing superficial cavities and pits. —Potato starch, a fecula obtained from the potato, and called English Arrow-root.—Potato su- gar, a species of sugar manufactured from potato flour.—Oil of potatoes, a colorless substance obtain- ed from spirits made from potatoes. It is some- irhat oily in appearance, has a strong smell, at first pleasant, but afterward nauseous ; taste very acrid. Po ten cy (pO'ten-si), n. Physical or mental power, energy or efiicacy ; capacity; potential ability or power. Po ten tlal (po-t6n'shal), a.—Potential force or en- erg v. See under Fobce. ■Po ten tlal (po-tfin'shal), n. (Physics.) If a body attract, aocording to the law of universa 1 gravitation, a point whether external or of its own mass, the sum of the quotients of its elementary masses, each divided by its distance from the attracted point, is called the potential. The potential at any point tfear or within an electrified body is the quantity of work necessary to bring a unit of positive electricity from an infinite distance to that point, the given - distribution of electricity remaining unaltered. Po tentl ai 1 ty (po-ten'shi-fil'i-ti), n. Inherent power or quality not actually exhibited; capability; potential force. Po ten tlal ly (po-tSn'shal-li), adv. In efficacy, not In actuality. Boyle. Po ten tl a ry (po-tSn'shl-a-rl), n. A person in- vested with or assuming power ; one having author- ity or.infiuenoe. The last great potentiary had arrived. Thackeray, PO ten til la (pO'ten-tTVla), n. [Lat. potens, pow- erful, from the supposed medical qualities of some of the species.] (Bot.) An extensive genns of her- baoeouB perennials, nat. order Rosacece. 638 Po te rl nm (po-tS'rl-nm), n. [Gr. worfpiov, a cup, P. Sanguieorba being used in cooling drinks.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order RosacesB and suborder Sanguisorbe®. Potheen (po-thSn', pftt'ySn, or pO'tySn), n. [Ir. pota, a pot, a vessel; potaim, to drink.] Whisky il- licitly distilled by the Irish peasantry; whisky gen- erally. [Irish.] Written also Poteen, Pbtteen. Potli os (pQth'os), n. [ Pothos, the name of a species in Ceylon.] (Bot.) A genus of clijnbing plants, nat. order Aracese. In the West Indies and South Amer- ica they grow on trees, after the manner of the ivy in England. Po tl cho ma nl a (pO'ti-sho-ma//ni-a), > n. [Fr. Po tl clio ma nl e (pO'ti-sho-raiT'ni-e),) potiche, a porcelain vase, and manie, mania.] The art or process of ornamenting the inside of glass vessels with paper or linen flowers or devices varnished, so as to give to the vessels the appearance of painted ware. Pot o ma nl a (pflt'o-ma^ni-a), n. [Gr. iror, *. One who is pragmatical; one who takes a low, gross, or mate- rial view of things. The pragmatizer is a stupid creature. E. B. Tylor. Pra ha (pra'hfl), «. A proa. ** Prai rl al (prfl-ri-al), n. [Fr., from prairie, a meadow.] The ninth month in the French revolu- tionary calendar, commencing May 20 and ending June 18. Prai rie (pra'ri), n.—Prairie-bitters, a beverage common among the hunters and mountaineers of Western America. It is made with a pint of water and a quarter of a gill of buffalo-gall. It is consid- ered an excellent medicine.—Prairie-chicken, same as Prairie-hen (which see).—Prairie-hen (Ornith.), the popular name of the pinnated grouse (Tetraa cupido) found chiefly in the Western States. The neck of the male is furnished with neck-tufts com- posed of eighteen narrow feathers, the largest of which are 5 inches long, and is still more remarka- ■ ble for two loose, pendulcfus, wrinkled skins, capa- ble of inflation, and when inflated resembling in bulk, color, and surface a middle-sized orange. The fjrairie-hen is much prized for the table, and rapid- y disappears as districts become cultivated and populous. Called also Heath-hen and Pinnated grouse.—Prairte-squirrel (ZoCl.), a name given to a kind of squirrel inhabiting the prairies of Western United States. It lives in old stumps and logs, pre- ferring to remain on the ground rather than to climb trees, except in case of danger; called also chipmonk, chipmunk, chipping squirrel, and ground squirrel.—Prairie-wolf, the small wolf of the prai- ries; the coyote. Bryant. Praise-meet Ing (prftz'-met'lng), n. A religious meeting for praise, or in which the exercises con- sist mainly in singing sacred songs. [U. S.J Prais er (praz'er),». An appraiser; a valuer. _ . North. Pra krlt (pr&'krit or prSk'rit), n. [Skr. prdkriti nature, hence that which is natural, not accom- plished, vulgar.] The collective name of those- Hindu languages or dialects which aoquired greater prominence as the older Sanskrit passed gradually out of use. Pran di al (prftn'dl-al), a. [Lat. prandium, a feast.] Relating or pertaining to a feast, dinner, or meal in general. \ch, chain; g.po; j,Job; ng, sin?; Ch, thva; cblAftBEfti 09, food; <#, v. t. To prnise; to com- Prels en Tiprla'en), ) mend ; to value. Chauccr. Prej U dice (prSj'fl-dls), n.— Without prejudice (Law), a term given to overtures and communica- tions between litigants before action or after action, but before trial or verdict. Pre la tl al (pre-13'shi al), a. Of or pertaining fo a prelate; episcopal. iPrelatial purple.' Disraeli. Prel a tlze (prel'at-Tz), v. t. To bring under the influence or authority of prelacy; to render prelat- ic. ' Prelatizing the church oi Scotland.' Palfrey. Pre lect (pre-lekf), v. t. To read in public, as a lecture or discourse. Pre 11 ba tlon (prS/lI-ba//Bhun or prO'li-ba"shun), n. A previous or early effusion or libation; that which is poured out beforehand. Pre lu dl um (pre-ia'di-um), n. fL. Lat.] A pre- lude. 1 The roughpreludium of th» war.' Dryden. Pre-me rid 1 an (prS'me-rTd' i-au), a. Immedi- ately before mid-day; specifically (Geol.) applied to the seventh of the fifteen series info which the paleozoic strata of the Appalachian chain have been subdivided by Professor Rogers. Pre max II Ise ) (prS'maks-IFlS), n. pi. Same as Prae max 11 las ) Intermaxillce. Pre me tal lie (pre'ine-t^'ik ), a. (Archceol.) Pertaining, relating to, or characteristic of, that pe- riod of man's history during which he was ignorant of the art of working metals, and when his arms, im- plements, ornaments, etc., were formed of wood, stone, bone, and the like; such period being usual- ly called the stone age. Dr. Wilson. Prem Iss (prSm'is), n. Same as Premise. Pre mi um (prg'mi-um), n. 1. (Stock:broJeing.) The value above the original cost or price, as of shares or stock, as opposed to discount, which is the value below the original cost. 2. Used adjectively, in the sense of prize-taking. 'A premium tulip of a very different growth.' Dickens. Pre mo lar ) (pre-mO'lar), n. [Prefix pre, prce. Prae mo lar ) and molar. J (Anat.) (a) A name given to the first two pairs of molar teeth in each jaw, situated between the canine teeth and true mo- lars: also called bicuspids. Thomas, (b) A term applied to the permanent grinders which take the place of the milk teeth, or those of the first denti- tion. Pre mo lar ) (pre-mO'lar), a. Relating to the pre- Prse mo lar ) molars. See Premolab, n. Prem na (pr&m'na), w. [Gr. npifivov, the stump of a tree. ] (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to the nnt. order Yerbenaceea. The species consist of PRESIDENT shrubs and email trees, natives of Asia and Austr^ lla. \ Prem U ni re (pr6m'fl-nl//re or pr5/mtl-nl//re'), » A serious or awkward position; a scrape: a collo-J quialism derived from the legal penalties attending a premunire. Spelled also Praemunire. I'm in suoh a fright { the strangest quandary and premunire t Cougreue. Pre nan thes (pre-nSn'thSz), n. [Gr. drooping, and a flower.J (J3of.) A genus of plants, 'nat. order Compositte. The 6pecies are chiefly perennials, natives of Europe and Nortfc America. Pre na tal ) (prS-nS'tal), a. Before, or antecedent Prae na tal f to, birth; existing beforehand ; pre* existent. [R.] Prent fprgnt), v. t. Print. [Scotch.] Prent (prgnt), n. Print. [Scotch.] Prent-buke (prSnt'bOk), n. A printed book. *She can speak like a prent-buke.1 [Scotch.] Sir W.Scott. Pre o bilge (pr6'o-blIj")» v. t. To oblige previous- ly or beforehand. TUlntson. Pre oc cu pant (pre-ttk'u-pant), n. One who oc- cupies beforehand. | Pre-oe so plia ge al (prS-S'so-fa^je-al), a. [Lat. prce, before, and oesophagus, esophagus, the gullet.] (Anat.) Situated in front of the gullet. Written also Prce-cesophageal. ' < Pre o ral (pre-O'ral), a. [Lat. prce, before, and 09/ oris, the mouth.] (Anat.) Applied to those parts of the face situated in front of the mouth, as the nose. Pre pos tor (pre-pSs'ter), n. Same as Prepositor. Pre po ten cy (pre-pO'ten-si), n. (Physiol.) The superior power possessed by one of the parents of transmitting his or her qualities or eharacteristios to their children. Pre pum'tu al 1 ty (pre/pungk-tfl-ff!//i-ti), n. More than punctuality, as the habit of keeping an appointment or other engagement somewhat before the time ; excessive punctuality. Notes and Queries. Pre-Raph a el ism (pre-r&fa-el-izm), n. Same as Pre-Raphaelitism, ^ Pre-Raph a el ite (pre-rSf'a-el-Tt), a. Pertain- ing to or characteristic of pre-Raphaelitipni (which see); as, pre-Raphaetite theories ; the pre-Raphael- ite school. Pre-Raph a el It ism ( pre-rSf a-el-it-Izm ), n. The system or style of painting practiced by the early painters before the time of Raphael; the mod- ern revival of their style or system. , Pre sar to rl al (prg'sar-Wri-al), a. [Lat. prce. before, and sartor, a tailor.] Before the age of tailoring; previous to the use of fashioned gar- ments. Bran had its prophets, and the presartorial simplic- ity of Adam its martyrs. J. R. Jjtwell. Pre saging (pre-sSj ing),p. a. Predicting; fore- boding; foreseeing. Pres byt er ate (prez-bTt'er-at or prBs'bi-ter-atJJ n. A presbytery or body of presbyters. Pre set en tif ic (prg'Fl-en-tlf'ik), a. Anterior to} the era of science ; relating or pertaining 1o a peri-* od before the sciences were properly studied, or) scientific modes of investigation were understood.) 4 Prescientific man.' Nineteenth Century. Prescribe (pre-skrlb'), v. t. fTo write before* to wiite at the beginning ; to prefix in writing. Chapman. Pre sent (pre-zSntO, v. t. |To represent; to per* sonate; to act, as on the stage. Milton. Pre sent (pre-zfiut'), n. (Mil.) The position from which a rifle or musket Is fired. ' The musket ready for the present.* Marryat< Pres en ta tlon (prSz'en-tfl^shun), n.—The Feast of the Presentation ( R. Cath. Ch.), the feast of the purification'of the Virgin Mary; Candlemas. Pre sent a tlve (pre-z^nt'a-tiv), a. (Metaph.) Ap- plied to immediate, proximate, or intuitive appre- hension or cognition; applied to what may be ap- prehended directly, or to a faculty capable oi) ap- prehending direptly. t Presentative faculty. Sir W. Hamilton Pre sent ive (pre-zgntlv), a. 1* Causing to T>e presented directly to the mind, as a notion; pre- sentative: contradistinguished from representative- and symbolical. 2* (Grum ) Applied to a class of words whloh1 present an object or rather a definite conception of; an object to the mind, presentive words are op- posed to symbolic. Substantive**, adjectives, ad-' verbs, and most verbs are presentive parts of speech. Spade, spirit, clemency, red, just, quickly, strike, live are examples. Pre se n 11 ve (pre-zSnfIv),». A presentive word. See the aciiective. Pre sent ive ness ( pre-zSnt'Iv-nes), n. The state or quality of being presentive; the capability of a word to present an independent notion or con- cept to the mind. j Pre ses (prC'ses), n. [Lat. presses,—pros, before, and sedeo, to sit. J One who presides over the de- liberations of an organized society; a president; the chairman of a meeting. [Scotch. J Pres i dent (pr6z'i-dent), n.—L-ord president of the council, a great officer of state in England. His of» fice is to attend upon the sovereign, to propose bus. iness to the council, and to report to the sovereign the several matters transacted there.—Lord presU dent, in Scotland, the proeiding judge of the Court ■ of Session. - j Notation: - fl, 6,1, 0, tl, long; & &, £,I, 5, fi, short; ^ a, e, i, o, a, obscure; far, f&ll, fast, cfcre; h6r, mOve, or; bull, tt, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton %' On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PRESPHENOID Ipff© splie no Id- (pre-sfC'ncid), n. [Pre, before, and sphenoid.] (Anat.) A bone in tho human skull which in Professor Owen's homologies constitutes the centrum of the frontal vertebra viewed in rela- tion to the archetype vertebrate skeleton. Press (pr6s), n.—Press-fat, the vat of an olive or wine press for the collection of the oil or wine. Hag. it. 16.—Press-man, a man engaged in pressing or in working any kind of press, as a wine-press or the like. Chapman.—Press-mark, a mark on the outside or the inside of a book, denoting its regular place upon the press or shelf of a library.—Press- master, the officer in command of a press-gang. Tom Brown.—Press-printing (Pottery), the mode of printing adopted when it is done on biscuit-ware.— Presa-room, (a) an apartment in which presses for any purpose are kept, (b) (Print.) The room where the printing-presses are worked, as distinguished from a composing-room, etc.—Press-work (Joinery), cabinet-work oi a number of successive veneers crossing grain, and united by glue, heat, and press- ure.—Press-yeast, the froth taken fr-om the surface Of k liquid in a state of fermentation, washed and pressed into small cakes ready for use. Press ure (prSsh'flr), n.—Center of pressure (a) (Physics), that point of a body at which the whole amount of pressure may be applied with the same affect it would produce if distributed, (b) Specif- ically (Hydros.), that point of a plane or side of a a vessel containing a liquid, to which if a force were applied equal to the total pressure and in the op- posite direction, it would exactly balance the effort of the total pressure. Press ure-gauge (prgsh'flr-gaj), n. An appara- tus or attachment for indicating the pressure of steam in a boiler. * Pre stab 1 lism (pre-stSb'i-lIzm), n. ["Lat. prce, before, and stabilis, stable.] A term used by Kant to denote the teleological principle having reference to the generation of organic beings, according to which the Supreme First Cause embodied in his original creatures the plan by which an organic be- ing brings forth its like, and the species preserves itself. Worcester. Pre-sternum (prS-ster'num), n. [Lat. prce, be- fore, and sternum, the breast-bone.J (Zool.) The anterior portion of the breast-bone, corresponding with the manubrium sterni of htmian anatomy, and extending as far as the point of articulation of the second rib. Written also Prce-sternum. Pres tl dig 1 ta tion (prgs'ti-dij/it-a"shun), n. [Lat. prcesto, at hand, prompt, and digitus, a fin- ger. The word seems an unnecessary form suggest- ed by older Prestigiation.] The art or practice of legerdemain ; prestigiation ; sleight of hand ; jug- filing. Pre* tl dig 1 ta tor (prgs'ti-dlj'lt-at'er), n. One who practices prestidigitation ; a juggler. Presystolic (pre'si*-t61 'ik or pre-sls'tol-ik), a. [Lat. prce, before, and Gr. owtoAj}, a contraction.] (Med.) Preceding the contraction of Ibe heart; a*, presystolic friction sound. Dunglison. Pre tense > (pre-tSns'), n. —Escutcheon of pretense Pre tence J (Her.), the shield ou which a man carries the coat of his wife if she is an heiress, and he has issue bj her. Pre tense less (pre-t6ns'les), n. Having no pre- tension. Milton. Pret er 1st ) ("prSt'er-ist or prS ter-ist), ». ( Lat. Prset er 1st J prceter, beyond, past.] (Theot.) One who believes that the whole or the greater part of the prophecies of the Apocalypse have been already accomplished. Pre ter nat u ral ism(prS'ter-nfft'/a-ral-Tzm),n. The state or quality of being preternatural; pre- ternaturalness. Carlyle. Pre ter nup tial (prg'ter-nfip"shnl), a. Beyond what is permitted by the nuptial or marriage tie; hence, euphemistically, adulterous. Freternuptial persons. Carlyle. Pre ter ti a ry (pre-tGt'shi-a-ri), a. (Qeol.) Prior to the tertiary period. Pre thought t'ul (pre-tbgt'fijl), a. Thoughtful beforehand; prudent; considerate. 1 Prethought- ful of every chance.' Lord Lytton. Pre tl um af fee ti o nls ( prS'shi um af-fek'- shi-Cnis). [Lat.] (Scots Law. ) The imaginary val- ue put upon a subject by the fancy of the owner, or by the regard in which he held it. Pret ti fy (prlt'ti-fl), v. t. To make pretty; to over-embellish ; to make over fine. ' Sightly with- out being prettified [of a book].' W. M. Rossctti. Pret ty lsh (prlt'ti-ish), a. Bather pretty. Walpole. Pret zel (prSt'zel), n. [Q. prezel.] A kind of brit- tle wheaten cake of a twisted form salted on the outside ; a cracknel. Written alsp Bret'.eL Prevaricator (pre-v£li"i-kat'er), n. At Cam- bridge University, England, a sort of o -casional or- ator, who in bis oration at the commencement, used to make satirical allusions to the conduct of the members of the university. Prevef (pr3v),n. Proof; trial. Chaucer. JPreve nancy ( prCVe-nan-si), n. [Fr. preve- nance.] Civil disposition; obliging manner; kind- ness. [R.J Sterne. .Presentence (pre-vgn'l-ens), n. The act of preceding, anticipating, or going before; anticipa- tion. [R.J Pre Ten tloil (pre-v5n'shun), *». (Eng. Canon Law.) The right which a superior person or ollcer 640 has to lay hold of, claim or transact, an affair prior to an inferior one to whom otherwise it mere im- mediately belongs, as when the judges prevent sub- altern ones. Pre view (pre-vtl'), v. t. To see beforehand. [R.] Pr6 vise (pre-viz'), v. t. To warn or inform be- forehand ; to forewarn. Lord Lytton. Pre voy ant (pre-voi'anfc), a. Foreseeing ; fore- knowing. But nature, prevoyant, tingled into his heart an inar- ticulate thrill of prophecy. Mrs. Oliphant. Preying (pra'ing),p. a. 1. Plundering; corrod- ing; wasting gradually. 2. (Her.) A term used for any ravenous beast or bird, standing on, and in a proper position for, de- vouring its prey. Pri a pus (prl-3'pus), n. (Greek and Rom. Myth.) The god of procreation, and hence of gardens and vineyards, where his statues were placed. He was said to be the son of Dionysus and Aphrodite. Preys t (pr5s), n. Praise ; fame ; glory. Chaucer. Pri an (prl'an), n. See Pryan. Price (prls), n.—Price of money (Com.), the price of credit; the rate of discount at which capital may be lent or borrowed.—Market price or exchangeable value, that value in exchange which is actually got for anything, which will not always be the same as ihe real or natural price.—Natural price, among political economists, the same thing which is meant by the expression real value, which is said to be de- pendent solely on the quantity of labor necessary for the production of a thing. Price (prls), v. t. To ask the price of; as, to price goods. [Colloq.] Price-list (prls list), n. Same as Price-current. Prick -eared (prlk €rd), a. Having pointed ears. 'Thou prick-eared cur of Iceland.' Shak. [This epithet was commonly applied by the Cavaliers to the Puritans, because from their hair being cut close all round, their ears stuck up prominently. Prick er (prik'er), n. 1* (Saddlery.) .A. toothed instrument for marking or making holes for sew- ing leather, etc. 2. One who tested whether women were witches by sticking pins into them ; a witch-finder. [Eng.] 3. A name given to the basking-shark. Prick lug (prlk'ing), n. The condition of becom- ing acjrl, as wine. Howell. Prick ing-note (prlk'ing-nOt), n. A document delivered by a shipper of goods authorizing the re- ceiving of them on board : so calleJ from a prac- tice of pricking holes in the paper corresponding with the number of packages counted into the ship. [Eng.] Prickle-yellow (prIM-y?r'lO), a. (Bot.) A useful We.-t Indian tree (Xanthoxylon clava-Her- culis). Called also Yellow-ivood. Prick ly (prik'li), n.—Prickly-ash (J?of.), a pun- gent and aromatic shrub (Xanthoxylon america- num or fraxineum), the bark of which is sometimes chewed for alleviat ing the tooth-ache ; it is also said to be sudorific and diuretic : called also tooth-ache tree.—Prickly-heat (Med.), the popular name for a form of skin disease known as lichen, in which there is an eruption of red pimples, accompanied with in- tense itching aod pricking. Prick-mc-dain ly (prik"me-d3n ti), ) a. Char- Prick-ma-dain ty (prlk'ma-dSn'ti), ) acter- ized by finical language or manners ; finical; over- precise. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Pride (piId), n. (Her.) A term applicable to the peacock, turkey-cock, ami other birds which spread their tails in a circular form, and drop their wings ; as, a peacock in his pride. Pridian (i^rl'di-au), a. [Lat. pridtanus, from prius, before, and dies, day.] Pertaining or relat- ing lo the previous day ; yesterday's, *Breakfastin bed, sure sign of priciian intoxicatiou.1 Thackeray. Prie-dieu (prC-di-6), n. [Fr., pray God.] A kneel- ing-desk for pyayers. Priest (prCst), v. t. To ordain to the order of priest- hood ; to make a priest of. Priest (prest), v. i. To hold the office or exercise the functions of a priest. [R ] Milton. Priest-cap(prest'k2p), n. (Fort.) Same as Swal- loiv-ta.il. Priest-crafty (prgst'kraf-ti), a. Relating to or characterized by priestcraft. Worcester. Priest e ry (prgst'er-i). n. Prtests collectively ; the priesthood : in contempt. [R.] Milton. Priest like (pr6st Ilk), a. Resembling a priest, or that which belongs to a priest. 4 A priestlike habit of gold and purple.' B. Johnson. Priest-rid den ness (prSst'-'rld n-ne.-), n. The condition of being priest-ridden. Waterhouse. Prig gisli (prig'ish), a. Dishonest; thievish. His____priggish desires. Fielding. Prlggism (prlgizm), n. The condition, habits, actions, or the like, of a prig or thief ; thievishness; roguery. How unhappy is the state of priggism t Fielding. Pri mal (prl'mal), a. (Geol.) Applied to the kDawn,' the first or earliest of Professor Rogers's subdivis- ions of the North American Paleozoics, and equiv- alent, perhaps, to the lowest Cambrians. Pri ma ri an 1st (prl-m& ri-an-ist), n. A follower of Primarius, a Donatist. Pri ma ry iprl'ma-ri), a.—Primary meeting, a cau- cus or meeting of the voters of a political party, or of citizens generally, for the purpose of nominat- PRINCEWOOD ing candidates, electing delegates for a convention, and the like. [U. S.J Prime (prim), v. t. To put In a fit state to apt or suffer; to prepare ; to make ready ; especially, to instructor prepare a person beforehand what he is to say or do ; to post up ; as, to prime a person with a speech ; to prime a witness.—To prime a pump, to pour water down the tube with the view of saturat- ing the sucker, 6o causing it to swell, and act eflectu- aljy in bringing up water. Pri me val ly (prl-mS'val-li), adv. In a prime- val manner; in the first age? ; primitively. Darwin. Prim ing (prlm'ing), n.—Priming-horn, a miner's or quarryman's powder-horn.-Priming-iron (Gun.), a wire used through the vent of a cannon to prick the cartridge when it is home, and for inserting after discharge to insure ils not retaining any ignited particles.— Prim ing-powder, (a) detonatingpowder. (b) The train of powder connecting a fuse with a charge.—Priming-valve, a spring valve fitted to the end of the cylinder of a steam-engine, and intended for the discharge of any water carried in the cylin- der with the steam. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 3. Pri mip a ra (prl-mip a-ra"), n, [Lat. primus, first, and pario, to bring forth.] (Obstetrics.) A female who is delivered of a child for the first time. Pri mip a rous (prl-mip'a-rus), a. PertainiDg to a first birth ; bearing young for the first time. Pri mor di al (prl-mor'di-al), a. 1. (Bot.) Ear- liest formed : applied to the first true leaves given off by a young plant; also, to the first fruit produc- ed on a raceme or spike.—Primordial utricle (Bot.), the lining membrane of cells in their early state. 2. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by. the be- ginnings of animal life. —Primordial beds (Geol.)t the lowest bed of tho Silurian period, correspond- ing to the Potsdam in American, and the Cambrian in English geology : so named because they contain the first appearances of animal life. Pri mor di al ism (prl-mor di-al-!zm), n. Con- tinuance of or observance of primitive ceremonies or the like. h. Spencer. Primp (primp), v. t. [From prim, or perhaps a form of prink.) To deck one's self in a stiff and affected manner. Prim pit (prin/rit), p. a. Stiffly dressed ; also, ri- diculously stiff ?n demeanor; full of affectation. [Scotch.] , Skinner. Prim print (pr«'m'print), n. (Bot.) A name some- times given to pi ivet (Ligustrum vulgare). Prim rosed (prim'rCzd), a. Covered or adorned with primroses. Primrose-peerless (prlm"r0z-per'les), n. A plant, Xarcissu.; biflorus, or pale narcissus. Prim sie (prlm'si), a. Prim; demure; precise. ' Primsie Mallto.' [Scotch.] Burns. Prim-staff (prlm;staf). n. SeePkune-staff. Prim u la cese (prIm'u-ia' se-6 or pri mu-Wse-g), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of monopetalous exog- enous, herbaceous plants, natives of temperate and cold regions, and comprising the cowslip and prim- rose. Prim u lin (prlmu-lin), n. (Chem.\ A crystal- lizable substance obtained from the root of the cow- slip. Pri mus (pri mus), n. [Lat., first.J (Eccl.) The first in dignity among the bishops of the Scottish Episcopal Church. He is chosen by the other bish- ops, presides at all their meetings, and has certain other privileges, but possesses no metropolitan au- thority. Prim wort (prlm 'wert), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the nat. order Primulaceas. Pop, Envy. Prince (prins), n. The chief of any body of men ; one who is at the head of any class, profession, etc.; one who is pre-eminent in anything; as, a merchant prince.—Prince of the senate (^nc. Rome) was the person first called in the roll of senators. He was always of consular and censorian dignity. Prince age (prins aj), n. The body of princes. [R-] Month. Rev. Prince ite (prTns'It), n. (Eccl.) A follower of Henry James Prince, formerly a clergyman of the Church of England, who founded a conventual es- tablishment of a singular kind, called *Agapemone,' or the abode of love. The inmates consist of per- sons of both sexes, and profess to submit themselves only to the law of love. Prince kin (prlns'kin), ) «. A young or little Prince let (prins let), J prince; a petty or in- ferior prince. 'The princekins of private life.' Thackeray. 4German princelets.* Kingsley. Prince like (prins Ilk), a. Becoming a prince; like a prince. Shak. Prince-roy al (prlns-roi'al), n. The eldest son of a sovereign. Prin ce's-pine (prln'sez-pln),**. (Bot.) The false winter-green (Chimaphilaumbellata), an ornament- al shrub with pinkish flowers, common in North America. Called also Pipsissciva. Prin cesse (prin-ses ), n. [Fr., a princess.] A name given to a female costume having a train flow- ing from the shoulders. Prin cess-like (prin ses-llk), a. Like a princess; in the manner of a princess. Prin cess-roy al (prln'ses-roi'al), n. The eldest daughter of a sovereign. Prince wood ( prins 'wyd), n. A light-veined brown West Indian wood, the produce of Cordia geraaoanthoides and Hamelia ventricosa. Treas. of Bot. ch, chain i g, go; j, job; ng, sinp { flx, then; th, i/iin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, asure ; oo. food; oi, oil; ou, pound. glflJF* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PRINCIPLED Prln el fled (prln'si-fld), a. Imitating a prince; suggestive of an exalted personage ; fantaatioally dignified. * Prinoified aire.' Thackeray. Prln cl pal ( prln ' si - pal), o.—Principal brace (Carp.), one immediately under the prinoipal raft- ers, or parallel to them, assisting with the princi- pals to support the roof timbers.—Principal post, the corner post of a timber-framed house.—Princi- pal rafters, the strong rafters used for trussing the beams in a roof.—Principal subject or theme (Mus.), one ot the ohief subjects of a movement in sonata form, as opposed to a subordinate theme. Prill cl pal 1 ty (prln'si-paT'l-ti), ». 1. t The highest place, office, or position. ' So Menelaus got the principality [the offloe of high priest].' 2 Maccabees iv. 27. f Fint state or oondition ; pristine rank or dignity, * The angels which kept not their princi- pality.'* Jitde vi. [See margin]. JPrlil Cl pie (prln' ei-pl), n.—Organic principles (Chem.), organic oompounds which are the constit- uents of more oomplex organizations, and whiob exist ready formed in animals and vegetables, juch as albumen, gelatine, fat, -itc., in the former, and sugar, g*am, starch, resin, eto., in the latter: called also proximate principles.—A principle of human nature is a law of action in human beings ; a con- stitutional propensity common to the human spe- cies. Prln21© » (pilng'ie-a), n. [From Sir John Pringle, the physician ana natural philosopher.] (Bot.) A ^nus of prucifer®, the sole representative of which P.antisoorbutica, a remarkable cabbage-like plant confined to Kerguelen's Island, and henoe often called Kerguelen's Island cabbage. It is a power- ful antiscorbutic, and is invaluable to the orews of ships touching at Kerguelen's Island. Prl noi (prl'noe), n. [Gr. wpej/os, the holly, which this genus much resembles.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs belonging to the nat. order Aquifollaoee. Galled also winter-berry. Print (print), v. t. (Pfjjtog.) To take a positive picture of, as from a negative, on suitably prepared paper. Print (print), n.— Print-room, an apartment con- taining a collection of engravings.— one who sells prints or engravings. Print ed-goods (prlnt'ed-gydz), n. pi. Fabrics which are printed or figured by stamping, as cali- coes. Print er's-devll (prfnt^erz-dSvl),®. The newest apprentice lad in a printing office. flint er't-ink (print'erz-Ingk),». Same as Print- ing-ink. Printing (printing), *. (Photog.) The act or art of obtaining a positive photographic picture from a negative, or a picture in which the lights and shades are true to nature from one in which they are reversed. Print lng (prlnt'ing),n.—Printing-frame, (a) (Let- ter-press printing ) a stand to support the cases con- taining types at whloh the oompositor works.—(b) ( Photog.) A quadrangular shallow Sox in which sen- sitized paper is placed beneath a negative and ex- posed to the direct rays of light. — Printing-type, letter-press type of various kinds used by printers for books, newspapers, and job-work. — Printing- wheel, a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery used in paging or numbering machines or in ticket printing machines. Prl on (prl'on), n. [Or. irptW, a saw.] (Ornith.) A genus of oceanic birds, belonging to the petrel family. They are found in the southern seas. From its color one species is called the blue petrel. Prl on 1 dae (prl-tfn'i-deVn. pi. [Gr. vpLmv, a saw, and eZ&K, likeness.] (Entorn.) A family of longi- oorn beetles, generally of large size. The insects of this family ohiefly frequent the great forests of tropical olimates in which the trees are old and large. Prl on o don (prl-Sn'o^don), n. (Ichth.) A sub- genus of the genus Oarcharias, sharks of tropical seas. Prl or (prl'or), adv. Previously; antecedently; as, he had never been there prior to that time. Prl or (.prl'or), n.—Grand prior, a title given to the commandants of the priories of the military orders of St. John of Jerusalem, of Malta, and of the Tem- plars. Prls ca can thus ( prls'ka-kitn^thus ), ». See PmSTAOANTHtrB. Prise-bolt (prlz'bOlt), n. (Chin.) One ot the knobs df iron on the cheeks of a gun-carriage to keep the handspike from slipping when prising up the . breech. Prismatic (priz-mflt'ik), a.—Prismatic compost, a surveying instrument, fitted with a prism, for measuring horizontal angles by means of the mag- netic meridian.—Prismatic crystals, crystals having a prismatic form. Mb men city ma (pris-mSn'M-ma ), n. [Gr. irpto-fia, a prism, and an infusion.] (Bof.) Tissues composed of prismatioal oells. Prison-ship (prlz/n-shfp), n. A ship fitted up for receiving and detaining prisoners. Prls on^ van (prfz/n-vSn), n. A close carriage for conveying prisoners. [Eng.] Prls ta can tlius (prls'ta-kto^thus), ». (Rdeon.) A genus of fln-spined fishes found in the oOlite and supposed to belong to the Cestracioptid®. Also written Prisoacanthus. 641 Prls tts (prla'tis), n. The generio name of the saw- fish. Prltch (prlch). ». [A softened form of prick.'] Any sharp-pointed instrument; an instrument for mak- ing holes in the ground ; also, an eel-spear. [Prov. Eng.l Prltch el (prlch'el), n. [Dim. of pritch.} A punch employed for making or enlarging the nail-holes in a horse-shoe, or for temporarily inserting into a naiJ-hole to form a means of handling the shoe. Knight. Prl vat-do cent (pr6-vftt'do-tsent), n. [G.] In German universities, a graduate who, on his own application to the governing body of a university, is admitted, after giving evidence of adequate qual- ifications, into its staff of public teachers. His lec- tures are announced on the official notice-board, side by side with those of the most distinguished professors, and his certificate of attendance has equal force and validity with theirs for every pub- lio purpose. The privat-docent's privileges end, however, at this point. He has no share in the gov- ernment of the university, and receives nothing but what he makes by the fees of the students he can at- tract to his leoture-room. Macmillan's Mag. Prl vate (prl'vat), o.—PHvate chapel, a chapel at- tached to the residence of noblemen or other priv- ileged persons, and used by themselves and their families. [Eng.] Prl va teer (pri'va-tSr"), ». The commander of a privateer. Prl va teer Izm ( prfva-tCr^Izm ), ». (Naut.) Disorderly oonduct, or anything out of man-of-war rules. Called also Privateer practice. * Admiral Smyth. PliV a tlve (prlv'a-tlv), a.—Privative jurisdiction. (Scots Law.) A court is said to have privative juris- diction in a particular class of causes when it is the only court entitled to adjudicate in snch causes. Privileged (prlv'i-lejd), p. a.—Privileged deeds (Scots Law), holograph deeds, being exempted from the statute which requires other deeds to be signed before witnesses. — Privileged summonses ( Scots Law), a class of summonses in which from the nat- ure of the cause of action the ordinary induci» are shortened. Prlv y-coat (prlv'i-kot), n. A light coat or de- fense of mail concealed under the ordinary drees. Prlv y-purse (prfv'i-pers), n. The income set apart for the personal use of the sovereign. [Eng.] Prize a ble (prlz'a-bl), a. Worthy of being prized or highly valued or esteemed; valuable; estimable. * So prudence is more prizeable in love.* H. Taylor. Prize (prlz), ».—Prize-court, a court whose func- tion is to adjudicate on captures made at soa.— Prize-list, (a) a list of prizes gained in any compe- tition, as a cattle show, a school examination, and the like, (b) (Naut.) A return of all the persons on board, whether belonging to the ship or supernu- meraries, at the time a capture is made.—Prizeman, the winner of a prize.—Prize-ring, a ring or in- closed place for prize-fighting: sometimes used lor the system itself. Pro (prO).—Pro and con. This phrase is sometimes used as a verb in the sense of to argue or debate for and against, to deliberate upon, to consider the va- rious aspects of, and the like. A man in soliloquy reasons with himself and pros and oons, and weighs all his designs. Congreve. Pro bab 1 lis can sa (pro - bffb'i- lis kft'za ), n. [Lat.] A probable cause. -Probabilis causa litigandi (Scots Law), plausible ground of action or defense. Prob lem (prOb'lem),». t In English universities, a public disputation. Pro bos eld e a (prO/bos-sTd'/e-a or prCb'os-sId"- e-a),n.pl. [Lat.proboscis, a trunk.] (ZoOl.) An order of mammals, including those which have the nose prolonged into tt prehensile trunk which pos- sesses great flexibility, and terminates in a finger- like appendage. To this order belong the elephant and the extinct mastodon and dinotherium. Pro boo cls-mon key (pro-bOs'is-mting'ki), n. See Kahau. Pro-ca the dral (prO'lta-th^'dra!), «. (Eccl.) A ohurch that serves temporarily as a cathedral. Pro eel lar 1 das (pr(yse-l&r//i-d5), n. pi. (Ornith.) A family of oceanio birds comprising two sub-fami- lies, the Procellarin© (the petrels, puffins, etc.), and the Dlomedinte (the albatrosses). Also written Procellariidce and Procellariadce. Pro ces sal (pro-sSs'al), n. The costs or expense? of a lawsuit. Pro ces slon (pro-sSsh'un), n.—Procession of the Holy Qhost (Theol.), that doctrine regarding the third person of the Trinity which teaches that as tbe Son proceeds (or is born) from the Father, so the Holy Ghost proceeds (or emanates) from the Father, and from the Son, but as from one princi- ple. Procession (pro-Bgsh'un), v. t. (Law.) To as- certain and mark out the boundaries of lands. [Lo- cal. North Carolina and Tennessee.] Pro cession al (pro-fiCsh'un-al), a.—Processional hymn (Eccl.), a hymn sung by a choir while passing in a body from the dressing-room to the church. Pro ces slon er (pro-sSsb'un-er), ». (Law.) An officer authorized to ascertain and establish the boundaries of lands. [Local. North Carolina and Tennessee.] Pro ces sum con tin a an do (pro-egs'um kon- t!n/fl,-fin//do), n. [Lat.] (Law.) A writ for the con- PROGNE tinuanoe of process after the death of the chief-jus tice or other justices in the commission of oyer and terminer. Pro chl lus (pro-chl'lus), n. [Gr. irpo, forward, and the lip.] (ZoOl.) A genus of Asiatic bears, so called from their long muzzle and exten- sile lips and tongue. The bear of the jugglers in India is one of the species. Pro claim ant (pro-klSm'ant), n. One who pro- claims ; a proclaimer. 4 The first proclaimant of her flight.' E. Bronte. Pro cce 11 a (pro-sS'li-a), n. pi. [Gr. wpo, before, and Kot'Aoc, hollow.] (ZoOl.) A suborder of Repti- lia, including the cayman, the true crocodile, and the alligator, which are distinguished by having the bodies of the dorsal vertebrae concave in front. Pro cee 11 an (pro-sS'li-au), n. (ZoOl.) An animal having proccBlian vertebrre. Pro coe lous (pro-se'lus), a. Same as Procceliant a. H. A. Nicholson. Pro con fes so (prO' kon-fSs'-'so 1. [Lat.] (Eng. Law.) Held as confessed or admitted ; for example, if a defendant in chancery did not file an answer the matter contained in a bill was taken pro oonfes- so, that is, as though it had been confessed. Proc u ra tor-fls cal (prOk^fl-rat er-fls'kal), n» The officer in Scotland appointed by the sheriff, magistrates of burghs, or justices of the peace, at whose instance criminal proceedings before such judges are carried on. Pro cq ra to ry (pro-ktlr'a-to-ri), n. (Law.) The instrument by which any person constitutes or ap- points his procurator to represent him in any oourt or cause. Pro cur va tlon (prO'ker-va^shun), n. [Lat. pro, forward, and curvatio, a bending, from ourvo, to bend. ] A bending forward. Prod (pr&d), v. t. To prick with a pointed instru- ment ; to goad. Buthle8s grenadiers prod him behind with fixed bay- onets. Dickens. Prod 1 gal Ise (prfid'i-gal-Iz), v. t. To spend or give with prodigality or profuseness; to lavish. Major MacBlarney prodigaliaes his offers of service. Lord Lytton.. Prod 1 gate (prBd'l-gSt), v. t. To squander prod- igally ; to lavish. His gold is prodigated in every direction. Thackeray. Prod uce>brok er (pr6d//tls-br0k/er), > Prod ace-mer chant (pr0d//fls-m6r/chant), ) * A dealer in foreign or colonial produoe, as grain, groceries, dye-stuffs, etc. [Eng. J Prod uct (prOd'ukt), n. (Chem.) A oompoundnot previously existing in a body, but formed during decomposition: contradistinguished from educt (which see). Pro em bry o (pro-Sm'bri-o), n. (Bot.) The re- productive part of a spore ; the youngest thallus of a licben. Pro fan a to ry (pro-fSn'a-to-ri), a. Capable of profaning or desecrating; destructive to sacred character or nature; apt to produce irreverence, contempt, or the like. 4 So profanatory a draught.*' Charlotte BrontS. Pro fes slon al (pro-fg8h/un-al), n. In a general sense, a member of any profession or art, but more often applied, in opposition to the term amateur, to persons who make their living by arts, etc., in. which non-professionals are accustomed to engage. The term thus more specifically designates profes- sional singers, musicians, actors, cricketers, row* er<*, boxers, and tbe like. He is a musical man, an Amateur, but might have been a Professional. Dickens. Professoriate (pr8f'e8-s0"ri-at), ) ». 1. A Professorate (pro-fSs'er-at), > body of professors; the teaohing staff of professors in a university. An immense deal of talk has been expended upon our professoriate. Cambridge Sketches. 2* The state or office of a professor ; professor- ship. [R.] Spelled also Professoriat. Profit (prOf'it), n.—Profit and loss, the gain or loss arising from goods bought or sold, or from any other contingency. Profit and loss is also the name of a rule in arithmetic, which teaches how to cal- culate the gains and losses on mercantile transac- tions. Prog (prOg), n. A prod ; a poke. [Scotch.] Her progs and jokes. Gait. Prog (prOg), v. t. To prod. [Scotch.] Pro glot tls (pro-glOt'is), n. pi. Pro glot tl des (pro-gHWti-dez). [Gr;, the tip of the tongue.} (ZoOl.) The generative segment or joint of a tape- worm. Prognathic (prog-nflth'ik), a. (Ethn.) A term applied to tbe skull of certain classes and individu- als in whom the jaw slants forward by reason of the oblique insertion of the teeth ; prognathous. It is determined by the size of the facial or cranio-facial angle. The characteristic appearanoe of a prog- nathio as compared with an orthognathic head will be understood from the cuts, which show the pro- files of a negro and a European. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 4. Prog na thlsm(prttg'na-thlzm orprog-nS'thizm). n. Th 8 oondition or character of being prognathic Prog ne (prOg'nS), n. [Lat., from Gr. Hpo*^, daughter of Pandion, changed into a swallow.] A swallow. Dryd&n* Sotatxoh: ft, 0,1, 0, fl, long; £, 8,1, 5, ft, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, f§ll, tyst, cAre; hdr, move, or; b^ll, 0, Fr. w ft, Fr., ton} On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PROGRESISTA fro gres 18 ta (prO'gres-Is"ta), n. [Sp.] An ad- vocate of progress ; a name given to a member of a 3panish political party which favored a system of local self-government. Progress (prGg'res or prO'gres), ». — Progress of titles (Soots Law), such a series of title-deeds of a landed estate, or other heritable subject, a9 is suffi- cient in law to constitute a valid and effectual feu- dal title thereto. Pro gres si on 1st (pro-grPBh'un-ist), n. One who holds that the existing species of animals and plants were not originally created, but were gradually de- veloped from one simple form. H. Spencer. Prog ress 1st ( prCg'res-ist or prO'gres-ist), ». One who holds to a belief in progress; a progres- sionist. [R.J Prog ress 1st (prBg'res-ist or prO'gres-ist), o. Re- lating to or advocating progress. [R.J Pro gress or (pro-gr&s'ser), n. 1 • One who pro- gresses or advances. 2* One who makes a progress. Bacon. Pro heme f (prO'hSm), ». A proem j a prelude; a preface. Chaucer. Prohibition (prO/hl-b!sh"Un), n. The act of forbidding the sale of all kinds of intoxicating liq- jors to be used as beverages; the doctrine or prin- ciples held by those who advocate the suppression of the liquor traffic by legal authority. Pro hi bl tlon 1st (pr0'hi-bl8h//un-ist), n. An ad- vocate of prohibition ; one who is in favor of sup- pressing the liquor traffic by law. /Pro In'di vl so (pro ln'di-vI"Bo). [Lat.] (Law.) A term applied to rights held by two or more persons equally, and otherwise termed indivisible rights; thus, the Btock of a company is held pro indivUo by all the partners in trust. Prok er (prOk'er), n. That which prokes or pokes; particulary, a poker. The porter... .snored with his proker in his hand. Colman the younger. Pro la bl am (pro-15'bi-um),». [Lat. pro, before, and labium. the iip.] (Anat.) The membrane that invests the front part of the lips. Pro le fled (prO'le-fld), p. a. [Lat. proles, off- spring, and /acio, to make or do. J (Bot.) Having a branch of a second flower in the center of the original one, as the water-avens. Pro leg ate (prO'leg-at or pro-lgg'at), n. [Lat. pro, for, and legatus, a legate.] {Rom. Hist.) A deputy legate. Pro le gom e nous (prO'le-gftm''e-nfis), a. Pre- liminary ; introductory ; prefatory. 4 The prole- gomenon or introductory chapter.' Fielding. Pro lep tic (pro-16p'tik), )a. (Oram.) Des- Pro lep tic al (pro^Sp'tik-al), ) lgnating a use of the adjective by 'thich a thing is represented as already done, which Is really to follow as a conse- quence of the actloii of the verb to which the noun is joined. Prol e talre (prttl'e-tAr"), n. One of the laboring class; a proletarian. Prol e talr Ism (pr81/e-t&r"Izm), n. Same as Prot- etarianism. Prol e ta rl an (pr81/e-tfi"ri-an), n. [Lat. proleta- rius, a citizen of the lowest class, h citizen useful to the state only by prodacing children, from proles, offspring, from pro, before, and ol, root of adolesoo% whence adolescent, adult.] A member of the poor- est class of a community; one of the rabble ; one whose only capital is his labor. Prol e ta rl an Ism (pr5re-tA"ri-an-Tzm), n. The condition, or political influence, of the lower orders of the community. Prol e ta ry (prOl'e-ta-rl), a. Of or pertaining to the proletarians or proletarianism. Pro llf er atlon (pro-llfer-a' shun^n. 1. (Bot.) The act or habit of producing proliferous growths, as flowers and buds on those parts of plants where they are not accustomed to grow. 'A special habit of proliferation.' H. Spencer. 2* A term applied in a similar manner to both normal and morbid growths in the animal economy. Thomas. Pro llf 1 ca tlon (pro-llf 1-kS" shun), ». (Bot.) Tbe production of certain outgrowths, as of a eeo- ond flower from the substance of the first. It takes place either from the center of a simple flower, or from the side of an aggregate flower. Pro Ilg er ous (pro-Hj'er-fis), a. [Lat. proles, off- spring, aud gero, to bear, produce.] Lit. offspring- producing.— Proligerous disc, the germ in an egg composed of mlnata cells, which is the embryo of the future organism. Pro 111 (pro-llks' or prO'liks), a. f Having materi- al length or extension; long, in a concrete or mate- rial sense, *A most prolix beard and mustachios.' Evelyn. Proll f (prfll), v. t. [Old form of prowl.'] To search after; to prowl about; to plunder; to rob. By how many tricks did he proll money from all parts of Christendom! Barrow. Proll t (prOl), v. i. To prowl; to go abont in search of a thing; to rob. To what rational purpose should men proll and labor T South. Proll er t (prOl'er), ». A prowler; a thief; a rob- ber. * Like prollers and impostors.' Chapman. Pro me the n« (pro-inS'the-iis), )n. (Greek Myth.) Prometheus (pro-mS'thUs), ) a son of the Titan Iapetus, who took pity on the misery of man- 642 kind, who knew not bow to cook; he stole fire from heaven, imparting it to mortals. Zeus (Jupiter), enraged at the favor this gift procured him, caused him io be chained to a rock on Mount Caucasus, where an eagle during the day devoured his liver, which grew again at night. Promiscuity (prO' mis-ktl " i-ti), n. Promis- cuous marriage, as among some races of people. JS. Spencer. Prom Is lng (prfim'is-ing), a. Giving promise ; affording just expectations of good; affording rea- sonable ground of hope for the future; looking as if likely to turn out well; as, a promising youth ; a promising prospect. 'Most promising able man.' Lord Lytton. Prom on to rl um (pr5m'on-t0"ri-um), n. [Lat., a promontory.] (Anat.) An eminence of tne in- ternal ear, formed by the outer side of the vesti- bule, and by the corresponding cavity of the coch- lea. Pro mot er (pro-mOt'er),«. One that aids in pro- moting some financial enterprise; one engaged in getting up a joint-stock company. Prong (pr5ng;, v. t. To stab, as with a fork. Thackeray. Pro nounced ( pro-nounst' ), a. [ Pr. prononoe, pronounced.] Strongly marked or defined; une- quivocal ; decided : as, a pronounced infidel. Our friend's views became every day mote pronounced. Thackeray. Pro nounce ment (pro-nouns'ment), n. The act of pronouncing; a proclamation; a formal an- nouncement. Pro nu cle us (pro-nfl'kle-us), n. (Physiol.) A small holding the position of a nucleus. Pro oe nu on (pro-6'mi-on), n. [Or. n-pooijouoi'.] An opening or introduction; the introduction to a poem or song ; a preface ; a proem. My rich procemion. Tennyson. Proof (prflf), a. Impenetrable ; able to resist, phys- ically or morally; as, water -proof, fir e-proo/, proof against shot. It is often followed by to or against before the thing resisted. ' Proof against all temp- tation.' Milton. [In its adjectival use proof is ellip- tical for of proof. J Proof (prOf), n.—Proof-house, a house fitted up for proving the barrels of fire-arms. — Proof-plane (Elec.), a small, thin metalllo diso, insulated on a non-conducting handle, by which electricity may be carried from one place to another. It is used in ex- periments on the distribution of electricity on con- ductors. Pro-os tra cum (pro-fia'tra-kum), n. (ZoQl.) The horny pen of the belemnlte. Huxley. Prop a gan da (pr6p'a-gfln"dA), n. Any kind of institution or system for proselytizing or for prop- agating a peculiar set of doctrines. Prop a ga tlve (prftp' a-gflt'iv), a. Having the power of, or produced by, propagation; propagat- ing. 4 Propagative faculty.' Sir M. Hale. Pro pa go (pro-pS'go), ». [Lat., a layer or shoot.] (Bot.) A term applied by tbe older botanists to the branch laid down in the process of layering. Pro pag u lum (pro-pflg'u-lum), n. (Bot.) An offshoot or germinating bud attached by a thickish stalk to the parent plant. Balfour. Pro pale (pro-pfil')« v. t. To publish; to disclose. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Pro par ent (prO'pAr-ent), n. One who stands in the place of a parent. Pro par ox y tone (pr0'par-8ks"i-t0n), ». [Or. jrpo, before, and Eng. paroxytone.] (Greek Gram.) A word having the acute accent on the antepenult- imate syllable. Pro ped (prO'ped),». [Lat. pro, for, and pes, ped- is, a foot.J (Entom.) The name given to the soft, fleshy, inartioulate, pediform appendages of certain larvie, placed behind the true feet, and disappearing as tbe insects become mature. Pro pemp tl con (pro-pSm'ti-kon), n. [Or., from vpoiriftina, to send forth.] A poetical address to one about to depart on a journey. Prop er (prflp'er), a. (Bot.) Single, or connected with something single; as. a proper reoeptacle, that which supports only a single flower or fructification. —Proper feud (Law), an original and genuine feud held by pure military service.—Proper jurisdiction (Scots Law), that which belongs to the judge or magistrate himself in virtue of bis office.—Proper motion (Astron.), tbe real motion of the sun, planets, etc., as opposed to their apparent motions. Pro per 1 spome (pro-pgr'l-spOm), n. [Or. irpo- wepi(i.tv6s, from npoirepiavd Pro sco lex (pro-skO'leks), n. [Gr. irpo, before, and o-kuAt?£, a worm.] {ZoOl.) The first embryonio stage of a tape worm. B. A. Nicholson. Pros col la (pros-kOl'a), n. [Gr. irpds, before, and icoAAa, glue.] (Bot.) A viscid gland on the upper side of the stigma of orchids, to which the pollen- masses become attached. Treas. cf Bot, Pro scrip tlon 1st (pro-skrlp'shun-ist), n. One who proscribes; a proscribe!. Pro sec tor (pro-sfik'ter), ». [Lat. pro, before, and seoo, to cut.] One who prepares the subjects for anatomical lectures ; a dissector. Pros e ly tlas er (pr5s//e-li-tiz/er ), iu One who makes or endeavors to make proselytes. The faithful proselytizer. Thackeray. Pro sem I na ry (pro-pgm 'i-na-rl),». A prelimi- nary seminary; a seminary which prepares stu- dents to enter a higher. T. Warton. Pros en ce phal le iprtts'en-se-fSPik), a. Be- longing to the prosencephalon; pertaining to the forehead or front of the cranium; frontal. Prosencephalon (prfis'en-sSf"a-Ion), *. • [Gr. vo6s, in front, ev, in, and #c«4>aAij, tbe head.] (Anat.) The seoond of the hypothetical vertebra . of the skull Regarded as a continuation of the ver- tebral column. Pros en chy ma (pros-£n1ei-ma), n. [Gr. vp6t% and iy\€rosobranchiata. Pro so ma (pro-sO'ma), n. [Gr. vpo, before, and the body.] (Zooi.) The anterior portion of the body in cephalopods, comprising the head, iu contradistinction to the metaaoma, which contains the viscera. Pros o no ma si a (,pr8s'o-no-ma//zi-a). n. [Gr. irpdf, to, and ovo^d^ia, to call or name.] (Rhet.) A figure wherein illusion is made to the likeness of a sound in several names or words; a kind of pun. Pros o pal gi a (pr5s/o-pSl//ji-a), n. [Gr. irpotru- irov, the face, and dAyos, pain.] Facial neuralgia ; paiu in the face. f»ro so pis (pro-sO'pis), ». [Gr* irpocrwirov, a vis- age.] (Bot.) A genua of tropical leguminous trees, of the suborder Mimosa, having their pods filled between the 6eeds with a pulpy or mealy substance. Pros o pog ra pity (pr6s/o-p6g'/ra-fi), n. [Gr. trpoo-wxroi', figure or person, and ypdu>, to describe.] [Rhet.) The description of any one's personal ap- pearance. ' First touching the prosopograph y or de- scription of his person.' [R.] Holinshed. Pro so po nls cus (pro-sj3'po-nIs'/kus), n. [Gr. irpoo-cufl-oi', a visage, and ovutkos. a wood-louse.] [Paleon.) A fossil crustacean of the Permian peri- od found in the magnesian limestone of Durham and zechsteins of Germany. It appears to belong to the family Isopoda. Prospect (prOs'pekt), v. t. (Mining.) To make an exploration or preliminary search, to determine -where deposits of precious metals may be found; to seek. [U. 8.] Pros pect or (pros-pSk'ter or prBs'pek-ter), n. (Mining.) One who searches or examines for pre- cious stones or metals as preliminary to settled or continuous operation's. Pro syl lo gism (pro-sIHo-jlzm), n. [Prefix pro, and syllogiam.] (Logic.) Same as Epichirema. Prot a gon (prOt'a-gon), n. [Gr.. TrpwTos, first, and ayfa>v, leading, acting.] (Chem.) A phosphureted fatty compound which forms a chief constituent of nervous tissue. It is an albuminous substance, without color or smell, forming, when sufficiently diluted with water, an opalescent fluid. Its com- position is Pro tag o nist (pro-tSg'o-nist), ». One who occu- pies the leading place in some important event or scene, great undertaking, contest for supremacy, and the like. Pro ta moe ba (pr0/ta-m6"ba), n. [Gr. irpwro?, first, and d/xoij3i), change.] (ZoOl.) A name given by Haeckel to those minute lumps of protoplasm found in fresh waters, and forming animal bodies of an extremely low grade, continually changing their form, and multiplying by spontaneous divis- ion. Pro tan dry (pro-t3n'dri), n. [Gr. *rpwto?, first, and aetfp, avdp&k a man, a male.] (Bot.) The de- velopment of the stamens before the pistils. Pro tas ter (pro-tfts'ter), n. [Gr. irpwros, first, and aTo?, first, and yeVos, birth.] (ZoOl.) A form of the Monera differing from the Protamceba in haviog ramified and anastomosing pseudopodia. Pro to gen Ic (pro'to-jen'^k), a. (Oeol.) Applied to crystalline or fire-formed rocks, in contradis- tinction to deuterogenic, the term applied to those formed from them by mochanical actions. Pro tog y ny (pro-tGj'i-ni), n. [Gr. wpwro?, first, and ywij, a woman, a female.] (liof.) The devel- opment of the pistils before the stamens. Pro tol o gy (prp-tOl'o-ji^n. [Gr.wpwros, first, and Aoyov, a discourse.] The science of first things; that branch of science which has respect to tl^e ori- gin of things ; opposed to eachatology. [R.] Pro to nior plitc(prO/to-mor//fik), n. [Gr. r *utos, first, and /xop^Tj, 6hape.] In the earliest fo In or shape'; having the most primitive character 'A protomorphic layer [of tissue].' H. Spencer. Pro ton o ta rl at (pro-t5n/o-ta"ri-at), n. Same as Prothonotariat. Pro ton o ta ry (pro-tttn'o-ta-ri), n. Same as fVo- thonotary. Pro to pap as (i)rO'to-pSp//as), n. [Gr. irpwTo?, first, and Tran-n-a?, a father, in late Greek a priest,.] (Greek Ch.) A chief priest; a priest of superior rank, corresponding nearly to a dean or archdeacon. Pro to patb lc (pr0/to-p2lh"ik),*a. [Gr. n-pwros, first, and 7rd0o5, suffering.] (Pathol.) Noting those symptoms of a disease which appear first; relating to primary symptoms. Pro toph yilum ( pro-tQf'il-lum or prO'to-fTl"- lum), n. [Gr. 7rpwTos, first, and v\\ov, a leaf.] (Bot.) The first leaf of a cryptogamic plant after germination. I Pro topli y ta ( pro-tOf'i-ta ), n.pl. [Gr. irpwto?, first, and ^vtov, a plant.] (Boi.) The simplest and lowest organisms in the vegetable kingdom, con- sisting either of a single- cell, or of several cells united by a gelatinous substance but without any essential mutual dependence, and corresponding to the Protozoa of the animal kingdom. The silicious infusoria, or diatoms, the desmids, etc., are exam- ples of this order. Pro to pbite ( prO'to-flt), ». Ono of the Proto- phyta. Pro to pby tol o gy (pr0/to-fi-t01//o-ji), ». [Gr. trpwtos, first, vtoi>, a plant, and Aoyos, a discourse.] 1 • That branch of botanical science which treats of protophytes. 2, The science of fossil botany. Protoplasm (prO'to-plitzm), )». [Gr. *p£»- Pro to plas ma (prO'to-pl&^'ma),) ros, first, and 7rAd andopvt?, a bird.] (Paleon.) The name given to the earliest fossil passerine bird yet known. In size and structure it approaches the lark, and it oc- curs in the eocene strata of Glaris. t Pro to sau rus (prC'to-sa'Tus), n. [Gr. irpwTos, first, and ri, aturning, o-Tpe^w, to turn.] (Bot.) A spiral vessel separating from the main bundle that enters the leaf, and forming part of the pri- mary veins. Pro to sul phu ret (prO'to-sftl'fu-ret), n. [Gr. wpa>Tos, first, and Eng. sulphuret.] (Chem.) A sul- phuret containing the least proportion of sulphur. Pro to type (prO'to-tlp), a. Relating or belonging to a prototype ; constituting a standard or model. Pro to ver te bra ( pr0'to-v6r"te-bra), n. [Gr. frpwTos, first, nnd Lat. vertebra.] (Biol.) A struct- ure In an embryo afterward developed into a ver- tebra. Pro to ves tt a ry ( pr0/to-v8s//ti-a-ri), n. [Gr. irpwTos, first, and Lat. vestiarius, pertaining to jlothes, from vestib, a gnrment.] Head-keeper of a wardrobe. 'Protove*' ary, or wardrobe keeper of Antiochus at Constantinople.* T. Warton. Pro to zo a (prO to-zO^a), n.pl. [Gr. 7rpu>To?, first, and an animal.] (ZoOl.) A sub-kingdom in- stading the the most lowly organized members of 'he animal kingdom. The Protozoa may be defined ;o be animals composed of a nearly structureless jelly-like substance ter med sarcode not possessing permanent distinction or separation of parts, wiih- But a definite body cavity or trace of a nervous sys- tem, and having either nodifferentiated alimentary apparatus, or an extremely rudimentary one. Witii the exception of a few inhabiting the bodies of ani- mals, they are aquatic in their habits, and, save the sponges, generally of a microscopic size. They are iivided into two groups with regard to the presence jt absence of a mouth—stomatodc and astomatous— ;he former group consisting of the class Infusoria, and the latter of the classes Gregariuid® and Rhiz- opoda. Pro to zo an (prO/to-zO//an)1 n. (ZoOl.) A mem- ber of the sub-kingdom Protozoa. Pro to zo on (prO'to-zO^on), n. One of the Pro- tozoa. n. Spencer. Pro tractile (pro-trffk'tll), a. Capable of being protracted, lengthened, or thrust forward ; protru- sile : contradistinguished from retractile. Pro tract or (pro-trilk'ter), n. (Anat.) A muscle which draws forward a part. Pro trud a ble (pro-trOd'a-bl), a. Susceptible of being protruded or thrust out or forward. Darwin, Protrusively (pro-trd'slv-li or pro-trB'zfv-li), -sftl or pro-vSn'sal), n. 1* A native of Provence. 2. The Romance language formerly spoken in Provence. It is the Langue d'oc, and was the tongue used by the Troubadours. Provence-oil ( pr6v'ens»-oil), n. Olive-oil ob- tained by cold pressure from the ripe fruit* imme- diately after gathering. Watts1 Diet, of Chem. Prov end (pr6v end), ». Provender; provisions: written also Provant. Pro ven trie u lus (pr6/ven-trtk//fl-lus), n. [Lat. pro, in front of, and ventriculus, dim. of veniet, ven- tris, a belly.] (ZoOl.) The cardiao portion of the stomach of birds. Prov erb (prQv'erb), n. A short dramatic com- position in which some proverb or popular saying is taken as the foundation of the plot. Brande t£ Cox. Prov I dore t (prOv'i-dOr), n. A provider; a pur- veyor ; a proveditor. De Foe. Province (prOv'ins), n. (R. Cath. Ch.) One of the territorial divisions of an ecclesiastical order, such as the Franciscans, or those of the Propaganda.— The provinces, a term applied to the states lying aorth and north-east of the United States, belonging to Greut Britain ; the Dominion of Canada. Pro vln clal. (pro-vln'shal), a. Characterized by provincialism ; illiberal; influenced by local views and prejudices ; acting only in the interests of one's party or province ; non-cosmopolitan. Pro vln clal (pro-vln'shal), n. A narrow-minded person; one who has but little knowledge of the world; one who is tinctured with local views and prejudices. Pro vln clal Ism (pro-vTn'shal-Tzm), w. Illiber- ality; narrowness of mind, sympathy, or spirit. Pro vin clal ize (pro-vln'shal-lz), v. t. To render provincial. Pro vis lon-deal er (pro-Ylzh"un-dei/er),n; Same as I*rovision-mcrchant. Pro vision-merchant (pro-vTzh"un-m6r chant), n. A general dealer in articles of food, as hams, butter, cheese, eggs, and the like. Pro vl so (pro-vl'zo), n.—Trial by proviso (Law), a trial in the instance of the defendant in a case in \ ch, c/iain; g, go ; j, Job ; ng, sing} On this page will toe found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 644 which the plaintiff, after issue joined, does not pro- ceed to trial, when by tho practice of the court he ought to have done so. Pro vl so ri ly (pro-vl'zo-ri-li), adv. In a provi- sory manner; conditionally; provisionally. This doctrine... .can only, therefore, be admitted provisorily. Sir W. Hamilton. Prov o ca tlon (prBv^-ka^shun), n. (Scrip.) The time of the Jewish wanderings in the wilderness when they roused the Divine anger by their back- slidings. Harden not your heart, as in the provocation. Ps. xcv. 8. Prowf (.pr5), n. [O. Fr. prou. Origin doubtful.] Profit ; advantage ; benefit. Chaucer. Prox i inal (pr5k'si-m»l), a. (ZoOl.) A term indi- cating the slowly growing, comparatively-fixed ex- tremity of a limb or of an organism, as a hydroso- nia, and the like. Prox y-wed de-l (prSk'^si-wSd'ed), a. Wedded by proxy. Tennyson. Prud'liornnie (prfi-dOm), n. [Fr., a skillful man —prude, grave, sober, and liomme, man ; Lat. prudens, prudent, and homo, man.] Lit. a prudent or discreet man ; specifically, in France, a member of a tribunal composed of masters and workmen whose principal office is to arbitrate in trade dis- putes. Prune let (prSn'let), n. A liquor made of sloes or wild plums. Simmonds. Pru ri tiis (prO-rl'tus), n. [Lat.] Same as Prurigo. Prussian (prtish'an or prft'shan), a.—Prussian brown (Chem.), a color obtained by adding a solution of the yellow pru^siate of potash to a solution of sulphate of copper. Prua sian (prush'an or prd'shan), n. The ancient language of Prussia proper, called also Old Prus- sian. It belonged to the Slavonic family of the Aryan tongues, and has been extinct for 200 years, Low-German having supplanted it as a spoken lan- guage. Prus sine (prtis'sfn), n. Same as Cyanogen. Pry ail (prl'an), n. [Corn, pryi, clay.] A fine, white, friable ciay containing pebbles with a mix- ture of ore. Written also Prian. Pryhtt (prlt or prSt), pret. of prick. Pricked. Chaucer. Pryth ee (prTftr'e). The same as Prithee. Psalterium (stxl-te'ri-um), n. [Gr. ir<*>, to write.] A collective term applied to several spuri- ous books and fragmentary writings not belonging to the Apocrypha, but intended to be surreptitiously inserted in the sacred canon. They are of Jewish, Gnostic, and Christian authorship. Pseu de pis co pa cy (sfi' de-pts^ko-pa-si),n. [Prefix pseudo, false, and episcopacy.] False or pretended episcopacy. 4 A long usurpation and con- victed pseudepiscopacu of prelates.' Milton. Pseu do-bran cht a Ofi'do-brfing^ki-a), n. (Zo- Ol.) A supplementary gill found in certain fishes, which receives arterializec! blood only, and does not therefore assist in respiration. Pseu do-cos tate (sA'do-kfts^tat), a. (Bot.) Ap- plied to a reticulated leaf having the curved and ex- ternal veins confluent into a line parallel with the margin, as in many Myrtace®. Pseu do cot y le don (sfl'do-kBt'il-S'Mon ), n. Same as Proembryo. Lindley. Pseu do-go nid I a (sfl'do-go-nld^i-a^n. pi. [Gr. if/tvS-ns, falsehood, and gonidia (which see).] (JSof.) A term applied to bodies appearing in the interior of cells of Algae, which are obscure in their nature, being either metamorphosed and isolated masses of protoplasm or parasitic bodies resembling monads. PSEUDOSCORPIONID2E Pseu do-gy rate (sA'do-jl^rat), a. (Bot.) Falsely ringed ; as when an elastic ring is confined to the vortex of the spore-cases of ferns. Treas. of Bot. Pseu do-liae mal (sa'do-hS^mal^a. [Gr. \f/evBi?s, falsehood, and aljaa, blood.] A term applied to thfr vascular system of Annelides. The pseudo-hccmal system of Annelides is to be re- garded as essentially respiratory in function. II. A. Nicholson. Pseu do-lieart (sfi'do-hart), n. (Zo6l.) The name given to certain contractile cavities connected with the atrial system of Brachiopoda, and long consid- ered to be hearts. Pseu do-mem brane (sfF'do-mSm'brSn), n. A fulse membrane resulting from inflammation. •, Pseu do-mou o cot y led o nous (eu'do-mSn' o-kOt'i-led' on-us), a. (Bot.) Having two or more cotyledons consolidated into a single mass, as in the horse-chestnut. 0 Pseu do morph (sQ'do-morf), n. «[Gr. falsehood, aud /uop$»j, shape.] 1* A deceptive or irregular form; specifically (Crystallog. and Min.), a mineral having a definite form, belonging not to the substance of which it consists, but to some other substance which has- wholly or partially disappeared. See Pabamob- phism. 2- (Oeol.) A rock which has undergone change of form by pseudomorphism. 3. (Paleon.) A fossil in which mineral matter has been gradually substituted for the animal or vegetable substance which it (the fossil) represents, till a perfect likeness of the original is formed in new material. 4. (Biol.) A plant or animal possessing thfr property of mimicry. See Mimicry. Pseu do mor phism (sfi'do-mor^flzm), n. [See above.] 1. (Crystallog. and Min.) The state of having a crystalline form without crystalline structure, or different from that proper to the mineral. See Pseu- domokph, 1. 2. (Oeol.) Change of form, as regards the struct- ure and crystallization of rocks, which has been ef- fected by the agency of chemical action, or other- wise. 3. (Paleon.) That property in fossils of pre- senting a complete facsimile of an animal or a plant. 4. Same as Mimicry (which see). Pseu do mor phous (sfl'do-mor^fQs), a. Re- lating to, or characterized bys pseudomorphism. Pseu do nav i eel la? fsflMo-nav'i-sgl' S), ) n. pi. Pseu do na vie u lae (sfi/do-na-vlk'/u-lS), ) (Zo- Ol. ) The embryonic forms of the Gregarinid®, so called from their resemblance in shape to the Na- vicula. Pseu do na vie u lar (sfTdo-na-vIfu-ler), a. Of or pertaining to Pseudonavicell®. Pop. Ency. Pseu do no ma ni a (sfi/do-no-m5//ni-a), n. [Gr. iJ/euSijs, false, oi'o/u.a, a name, a word, and /xan'a, mad- ness.] A form of insanity characterized by a mor- bid propensity to lying. Dunglison. Pseu do nym i ty (sU'do-nWi-ti), n. The state- of being pseudonymous, or of bearing a false name or signature ; the act or practice of writing under an assumed name. Contemp. Rev. Pseu do pod (8G'do-p5d\ n. [Gr. false, and irou?, ttoSo?, the foot.] (ZoOl.) A member of the> Protozoa, characterized by the faculty of being able to project pediform lobes or processes, con- sisting of the substance of its body (pseudopodia)% from any part thereof. Amoeba diffluens is an ex-j ample. Pseu do podia ( sti'do-pO'Mi-a ), n. pi. [Seo above. 1 1 • (ZoOl.) The organs of locomotion character- istic of the lower Protozoa or Monera. These con- sist of variously-shaped filaments, thread's, or finger- like processes of sarcode, which the animal can thrust out from any or every part of its body. 2* (Bot.) The leafless prolongation of the stem in certain cryptogamic plants, as mosses, which bears the spore-case. Pseu do po di al (sC'do-pO^di-hl), a. Of or per- taining to a pseudopod or the pseudopodia. H. A. Nicholson. Psen do pros tyle (sfl/do-pr»s"tll), n. (Arch.) 'A term suggested by Professor Hosking, to denote a portico, the projection of which from the wall Is less than the width of its intercolumniation. Pseu do pus (sfi'do-pus); ». [Gr. «^cv8t}?, falf»e, and 7rovs, a foot.] (ZoOl.) A genns of lacertilian reptiles, called otherwise Scheltopusik from the na- tive Siberian name of one of the members. See Schei/topusik:. Pseudo-quina (sti'do-kl^na), n. [Gr. falsehood, and Peruv. Hna, quina, bark.] (Bot.) A species of Strychnos, anativeof Brazil, which yields a bark which is largely used in that country in cases of fever, and is considered to equal quinine in val- ue. Treas. of Bot. Pseu do scor pi on (stl'do-skor^pi-on), ». (En- torn.) A member of the family Pseudoscorpionid®. Pseu do scor pi on I da? ( stl'do-skor/pi-0n"i- d6), n. pi. (Entom.) A family of Arachnida, the maxillary palpi of which are of large Pize, and are converted into nipping-claws, thus giving the ani- mal the appearance of a scorpion in miniature. The abdomen is segmented, but there is no 'post abdomen,' as in the true scorpions. H. A. Nicholson„ th, then; th, thin; w, wig i wh, whig; zh, asure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-PSEUDOSPEKMOUS Pseu do sper mo as (sU'do-sp^'mlls), a. Pseu- dospermio. Pseu do-stra ta (stTdo-8trfl"ta), n. pi. (Oeol.) A term proposed by Maccull6ch for those extended plates of rook not divided into parallel laminae, and commonly called table-laybrs, pseu do stro ma (8fl'do-strO"ma), n. [Gr. if/ev- ifjf, false, and orpi^a, anything spread out for rest- ing, a bed.] (£of.) The receptacle or perithecium of certain fungals. Lindley. Pseu do-te tram e ra (sfi'do-te-tram" er-a), n. pi. (Entom.) The third general section of the or- der Coleoptera or beetles, comprising those beetles which have the tarsi apparently four-jointed, al- though in reality consisting of five joints, the fourth being so exceedingly minute as to have escaped the notice of the tarsal systematise, who gave to these the sectional name of Tetramera. Pseu do-tox In (sA'do-tSk^'sin), n. [Gr. t(/evSrj9, false, and rofiKoi/, poison.] (Chem.) A brownish- yellow substance obtained from the watery extract of belladonna. It is not a pure substauce, and owes Its poisonous action to the presence of atropin. Pseu do vum (sfl-dO'vum), n. pi. Pseu do va (sil-dO'va). [Gr. «//ev5>jc, false, and Lat. ovum, an egg.] (ZoOl.) One of the egg-like bodies from which the young of the viviparous aphis are produced. They differ from frue ova only in being produced In organs which want certain important parts of the fully formed female reproductive system, and in undergoing development without impregnation. Pshaw (sh§), v. i. To utter the interjection pshaw; to evidence marks of discontent, contempt, or dis- approbation. My father traveled homeward....pshawing and pish- ing all the way down. Sterne, jPsl di um (sl'di-um), n. (Bot.) A genus of trop- ical plants belonging to the nat. order Myrtaceae. Psl lan throp ic (srian-thrdp//ik or si-lSn throp- ik),a. Of, relating to, or involving, psilanthropy. Coleridge. Psl lan tliro plsm (sI-15n'thro-pTzm), )n. The Psilanthropy (sr-lSn'thro-pi), J doo- trine or belief of the mere human existence of Christ. Psl lo phy ton(sI lo-fI''ton), n. [Gr. Afo, smooth, and^vrov, a plant.] (Paleon.) A fossil genus of lycopodiaceous plants, found in great profusion in the Devonian strata of Canada and the state of New York. Psl los o pher (si-lOs'o-fer), n. [Gr. t/uAo'y, bare, mere, and 6t, wise.] A would-be or pretended philosopher; a sham sage: an incompetent or mean pretender to philosophy. [R.] Pslt tac u la (sit-t3k'u-la), it. Same as Love-bird. Pslt ta cus islt a-kus), n. (Omith.) A genus of soansorial birds, comprehending several different species of parrots. Pso ad 1c (so-3d ik), a. (Anat.) Relating to, con- nected with, or constituted by, the psoas. ' The pso- adio plexus.' Owen. Pso cus (sO'kus}, ». [Gr. if/vx*"* to rub or grind down.] (Entom.) A genus of very small neuropter- ousinsects, the type of the family Psocidre. Pso phi a (sO'fl-a), n. (Omith.) A genus of gral- latorial birds belonging to the family Gruidaa. The agami (P. orepitana) or trumpeter is a native of 8outh America. Pso ra 1© a (so-rft'le-a), n. (Bot.) A genus of ev- ergreen shrubs and herbs, belonging to the nat. or- der Leguminosie. Pso rlc (sO'rik), n. A medicine for the itch. Pso roph thai ml a (sO'rof-thiU 'mi-a), n. [Gr. i^rwpa, the itch, and 6<£>0aA/uu>, to write. J Writing said by spirit- ualists to be done by spirits; spirit-writing. 645 Psy cho logue (sI'ko-16g), n. A psychologist. Psy cho no sol o gy (si'ko-no-sOl^o-ji), n. [Gr. if/vxv, 60ul, voaos, disease, and Aoyos, a discourse.] That branch of medical science which treats of the nature and classification of mental disease. Psy chop a thy (sl-kOp'a-thi), n. [Gr. <£vxs, soul, and ira0o?, suffering.] Mental disease or affection. Psy cho phys ic al (srko-flz' i-kal), a. Of or re- lating to psychophysics; pertaining to or involving the action or reciprocal relations of mind and body. Psy cho phys les (srko-fiz'iks), n. That branch of science which treats of the connection between nerve-action and consciousness; the doctrine or science of the physical basis of consciousness; the science which treats of the mutual relations and af- fections of mind and body. Psy cho sis (sl-kO'sis), n. [Gr, \f/v\*?, the soul.] Mental constitution or condition. Psy cho pomp (sl'ko-ptimp), n. [Gr. ^vxoiro/xir- 09—soul, and jro/airo?, a conductor.] (Class. Myth.) A guide or conductor of spirits or souls. 'Hermes____thepsychopompS Contemp. Rev. Psy cliot rl a (sl-k5t ri-a), n. [Said to be from Gr. (//vxjj, life, in allusion to the powerful medical qualities of some of the species.] (Bot.) A very large genus of tropical shrubs belonging to the nat. order Rubiace®. They are natives oj the tropics of both hemispheres, especially of America. Psy cliro met rlc (sl'kro-met' rik), )a. Of Psy cliro met ric al (sI'kro-m6t'/rik-al), S orre- lating to a psychrometer; obtained by psychrome- try; bygrometrical. Psy 1 la (sir la), n. The typical genus of the family Psyllidae (whioh see). Psyl 11 dae (sll li-de J, n. pi. [Gr. tf/vAAa, a flea, and eifios, resemblance.] (Entom.) A family of homop- terous insects, similar, in their general habits, de- flexed wings, and powers of leaping, to the Cicadids. Pt. The chemical symbol of platinum. Ptar ml ca (tar'mi-ka), n. [Gr. Trraipw, to sneeze.] A genus of plants, nat. order Compnsitse, suborder Asteracese, now usually united with Achillea. Pter as pis (ter-^s'pis), n. [Gr. vrepiv, a wing, and aom'?t a shield.] (Paleon.) A fossil genus of placo- ganoid fishes, the remains of which are found in the middle Devonian and lower Ludlow. It iarthe oldest fossil fish known. Pte rich thys (te-rlk'this), n. [Gr. irrepov, awing, and ix^vs, a fish.] (Paleon.) A fossil genus of bone-encased fishes belonging to the old red sand- stone, peculiarly characterized by the form of the pectoral fins, which were in the form of two long curved spines, something like wings (whence the name), covered by finely tuberculated ganoid places. They appear to have been used for defense as well as progression. Pter i dol o gist (tgr't-dSl^o-jist), n. [Gr. irre'pi?, jrrepi6os, a fern, tfnd Aoyos, discourse.] One versed in that part of botany which treats of ferns. Pter t dol o gy (tSr'i-dOl' o-ji), n. The ucienceof ierns; a treatise on ferns. Pte ris (tS'ris), n. .[Gr. 7rTepis, a kind of fern, from vrepov, a feather, in allusion to the feathery appear- ance of the fronds.] (Bot.) A genus of ferns be- longing to the nat. order Polypodiacere. Pter o car pus (t6p/o-k6r"pus), n. [Gr. jrrepdf, a wing, and «capn-o9, a fruit: the pods are girded with a broad wing.J (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Leguminosae, consisting of trees with alternate unequal pinnate leaves and usually handsome yellow flowers. Pte ros c© ras (te-rOs'e-ras), n. [Gr. jrrep6vt a wing, and ttpas, a horn.] (ZoOl.) A genus of mol- luscs inhabiting the Indian Ocean; the scorpion- shells. Pter o dac tyl ous (tSr'o-d£k"til-&8), a. Relating to or resembling the pterodactyls. Pter o don (t6r'o-d6n), ». [Gr. irrepoV, a feather, and b&ovs, oSovtos, a tooth. ] (Paleon.) A genus of carnassial mammals, found in the eocene strata in France, by some supposed to belong to the sar- cophagous marsupials, by others held to be akin to the Hyffinodon, the type of the miocene carnivores. Pter o glos sus (t6r/o-gl5s'/us), n. [Gr. vTcpov, a wing, and yAo»jj, a writing.] (Omith.) A description of the feathers of birds, more espe- cially as regards the manner in which they are ar- ranged in special tracts on their bodies—considered' an important point in reference to classification. Pthah (tba), n. (Myth.) An ancient Egyptian divinity, the creator of all things and source of life, and as such father and sovereign of the gods. Pthah is really a special energy of the god Neph. He was worshiped chiefly at Memphis under the figure of a mummy-shaped male ; also as a piygmy god. Ptilocercus (til o-66r"kus), ». [Gr. nriXov, a feather, and «ep/co), a fold.] (Phys- iol. ) A coating of protoplasm lining the inside of the membrane of a cell. Pty cho dus (tl'ko-dus), n. [Gr. im>x>j. a fold, and o5ows, a tooth.] (Paleon.) A fossil genua of cretaceous sharks, founded on their large, square, crushing teeth. These teeth are found in chalk-pits along with fin-spines. Ptycholepls (ti-kOl'e-pis), n. [Gr. im/vij, a fold or wrinkle, and AcTrtt, a scale.] (Paleon.) A fossil genus of sauroid fishes occurring in the lias. Pty cho tls (ti-kO'tis), n. [Gr. wTvxi, a plait, and ov?, wtos, an ear: the petals having a plait emitting a segment resembling an ear.] (J3ot.) A small ge- nus of umbelliferous plants which extends from the south of Europe through the oriental region to all parts of India. Pub 11 cist (p&bli-slst), n. A writer on the cur- rent political topics of the time. 4 That distin- guished publicist, Arthur Pendennis.* Thackeray, Pub Ilc-pros e cu tor (pffb'lik-pr88"e-kflt'er), n. One who originates and conducts prosecutions in the interest of the public, as the procurators- fiscal in Scotland. Puc cin I a (puk-sln'i-a), n. [After Puccini, a pro- fessor of anatomy at Florence.] (Bot.) A genua of fungi, well known to farmers under the name of mildew. The rust or mildew of corn is the P. gram• (nw, which makes its appearance on the straw and leaves in the form of dark gray or black lines and patches. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 7. Pucka (pfik'a), a. [Hind, pafcfca, ripe.] Solid; substantial; permanent. See Cutcha. Puck ish (ptik'ish), a. Resembling the fairy Puck; like what Puck might do; merry; tricksy; mis- chievous. 'Puckish freaks.* J. JB. Green. Pud (pftd)t n. The hand ; the fist; a paw. [Colloq.] Lamb, Pud ding-bag (pud'ing-bflg),». A bag in which "a-pudding is boiled. Pud ding-faced (p^d'ing-f&st), a. Having a face {at, round, and smooth; having a face suggestive of a padding. Oarlyle. Pud die-ball (pfid'l-bftl), n. (Iron Manufacture.) The lump of red-hot iron taken from the puddling furnace in a pasty state to be hammered or rolled. Pud dy (pud'i), a. Same as Pudgy. 'Their little puddy fingers.' Albert Smith* Xotatiok ; ft, 6,1, 0, long; ft, 8,1,0, ft, abort; a, e, i, o, n, obscure: fftr% fftll, feat* cftre» hdr, move, or; tall, 0, Fr.; ft, l*r., ton ; fUSF* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT conta^ed in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 74*PUDENDOUS Pit den doas (pu-dSn'dfis), a. [Lat. pudendut, shameful, pudeo, to be ashamed.] Fit and proper to be ashamed of; shameful; disgraceful. [B.J Sidney Smith, Pudgy (pttj'i), o. [As other forms are podgys pudsy, the word is probably from pod, meaning life, baggy.] Fat and short; thick; fleshy. Spelled also Podgy, Puday. [Colloq.] ▲ pudgy hand was laid on his shoulder. Thackeray. Pa eb lo (pd-fit/lO or pwSl/10), ». [Bp.] A name given to a town or village in the Spanish settle- ments of America. Pa er lie (pfl'er-H), a. (Med.) Applied to an un- natural loud breathing, from the faot that respira- tion is much more loud and distinct in children than In grown persons. Sir T. Watson. Puff>aa der (ptif "Sd'er),». (Zoct.) A South African snake (Clotho arietans), of the family VI- perldn, and one of the most deadly in the world. It advanoes with its body partly immerned in the sand, its head only being clear, so that travelers are liable to tread upon it. It has its name from its habit of puffing up the upper part of its body when irritated. Puf fl 1 y (pftf'i-li), adv. In a puffy manner. Pug (P&g)« »• A fox. ' Some well-known haunts of pug-' Kingsley. Pug (pftg)i a. and Pug-nosed, having a short and thiok voee.—Pug-piles, pi., piles mortised into each other by a dovetail joint. They are also called Dove- tailed Piles.—Pug-pi ling, a mode of fixing piles by mortising them into each other by a dovetail joint. Also termed Dovetailed piling. Pag a ree (pQg'ar-S),) n. [Hind, pagri, a tur- Puggerle (ptig'er-i), ) ban.] A piece of mus- lin oloth wound round a hat or helmet in warm cli- mates or very warm weather to proteot the head by warding off the rays of the sun. Written also Pugree ana Puggery. One [slag] struok ths general's helmet and lodged in his puggerie, London Daily News, Pag ger y (pfig'er-i), n. See Pugabek. Pag gl (pfig'i), n. In India, a detective *vho fol- lows up the pug or footmark; one whose business it is to traoe thieves, etc., by their footsteps. Pa gree (ptl-gr6/ or pfig're), n. See Puqabkk. Palr(pQr), a. Poor. [Sootoh.J Pul>t (pflst), ) a. [O. Fr. poest, the rank of a Puist ie (pfls'ti), ) yeoman.] In easy circum- stanoes; snug: applied to persons in the lower ranks who have made money. [Scotch. ] Puke-stock lag (pflk "stOk'ing ), a. Having stockings of the oolor puke. Shah. Pu ii ca ri a f ptTli-kfl7/ri-a), *». [Lat. pulex, pu- Mcia, a flea.] (Bot.) Fleabaoe, a genus of plants nat. order Composite, suborder Corymbifers. Pull (pttl), v. t. , t To pluck; to cheat; as, to pull a finch, i. e. to cheat a novice. Chaucer,—To pull down a side, to cause the loss or hazard of the part or side with which a person plays. If I hold your card I shall pull down the side. Massinger. —To putt up, (a) to stimulate; to rouse or induce to make greater exertion, (b) To administer a severe reproof or admonition to. [Colloq.] (c) To apprehend or cause to be apprehended and tak- en before a court of justice. [Colloq.] (d) To stop by means of reins; as, to pull up a horse when drivingor riding. Henoe, (e) to stop in any oourse of conduct, especially in a bad course.—To pull the long bow, to exaggerate; to lie boastingly. [This phrase probably had its origin when our English forefathers used bows in war, in persons vaunting the length and streugth of the bows they had pull* ed.]—To pull one through, to help through a difficul- ty or extrloate from a difficulty. To pull Mm through the Court of Ohanoery. Dickens. Pall (pgl),». 1* A hap; a venture; a chance; hence, an advantage; as, to have the pull over one. l ' What a pull, that it's lie-in-bed. * [Colloq. ] jetm Qh€8, 2• The act of rowing a boat; an exonrsion in a . boat with oars. Palled f (Pftld), a. Shedding the feathers ; molt- infr Chauoer. Pnl let-sperm (pul'et-spdrm),». The albumin- ous oords whioh unite the yolk of the egg to the white; treadle. I'll no pullet-sperm in my brewage. Shale. Pal ley ( p^l' i), n.—Pulley-mortise, the same as Chase-mortise.—Pulley-stone (Oeol.), a name famil- • iarly given to the siliceous pulley-like oaBts or molds f of the joints and stems of encrinites. They occur in the coal-measures. Pull man (pyl'man), > ». A luxuriously Pull man-car (pul'man-kflr), ) fitted up railway ear of a particular build, for the use of which an extra charge is made, and which is specially adapt- - ed for sleeping in. Pal mo bran chi a ta (pfil'mo - brSng'ki-a"ta), ».- pi. [Lat. pulmot a lung, and Gr. fipdyxia, a gill.] An order of gasteropod molluscs in which the respiratory organ is a cavity formed by the adhesion of the mantle by its margin to the neck of the animal. The genera Limnsa, Planorbif, Auricula, Helix, Limax, etoM are members of this order. Pal mo bran cbl ate (p&l/mo-br8ng"ki-at), n. One of the Pulmobranchlata. 646 Pal luu gas ter op o da ( pfil'm6-g8s'ter-8p,yo- da), n. pi. [Lat. pulmo, a lung, Gr. vacrnjp, yaarep- ot, the belly, and irovs, vofios, a foot.J Same as Pul- mobranchiata (which see). Pul mo gra da (p&l'mo-gra'Ma), n. pi. [Lat.puf- mo, a lung, and gradior, to advance.] (ZoOl.) A name which used to be given to a tribe of acale- f>hans. The term inoluded those animals common- y known as Meduste. Pul mo grade (p&l'mo-gr&d), ». A member of the Pulmograda. Pul mo grade (p&l'mo-gr&d), a. Of or pertaining to the Pulmograda ; moving like a pulmograde by the alternate expansion and contraction of the body, especially of the disc. Pul mo na ri a (p&rmo-n3"ri-a), n. (ZoOl.) An order of arachnidans, including those which breathe by pulmonary sacs or lungs, as spiders, crab-spi- ders, etc. Pul mo nata (pfil'mo-u^'ta), n. pi. (ZoOl.) Same as Pulmobranchiata. Pulmonlfer (pffl'mon-l-fer), n. [Lat. pulmo, pulmonis, a lung, and fero, to bear.] (ZoOl.) An animal having lung*; specifically, a member of the Pulmonifera. Pul mo nlf era (pftl'mo-nlf'er-a), ». pi. Same as Pulmobranchiata (which see). Pulp (pGlp), v. i. To be or to become^ripe and juicy like the pulp of fruit. A kiss should bud upon the tree of love, And pulp and ripen richer every hour. Keats. Pulp er (ptilp'er), n. A machine for reducing roots, as turnips, mangel-wurzel, etc., to a pulp ; a root- pulper. Pal pit (pyl'pit), n.—preachers general- ly ; the public teaching in churches ; as, the influ- ence of the pulpit contrasted with that of the press. Pul pit (pul'pit), a. Relating, belonging, or suita- ble, to the pulpit; as,pulpit oratory. Pul pit (pul'pit), v. t. To place in or supply with a pulpit. [R.] A pulpited divine. Milton. Pal pit ry (purplt-ri), n. Teaching suoh as that from the pulpit; preaching. ' Mere pulpitry.' f Obs. or R.] Milton. Pulp-strain er (pfilp^strto'er), ». A sieve for straining pulp; specifically, a sieve for this purpose used in paper-making. Pulsatile (pfil'sa-tll), a. (Med.) Beating as a pulse; throbbing: applied to tumors. Pul sa ttl la (p£il'Ba-tiJ//la),». (Bot.) The pasque- flower. Pul slve (ptil'slv), a. Constraining; compulsory. 4 Thepulsive strain of conscience.' [R.] Marston. Pul some ter (pul-sfim'et-er), n. [Lat. pulsus, pulse, and Gr. ftirpoy, measure.] An instrument for raising water, especially when that liquid is mixed with solid matter. It aots by the condensa- tion of waste steam sent into a resorvoir, the water rushing up into the vacuum formed by the conden- sation. Pul ver 1 z er (p&l//ver-Iz/er),». One who or that which pulverizes. Pul vi nar (pul-vl'ner), ». [Lat.] 'A pillow or cushion; a medicated cushion. Pal vl nate (p&l'vi-nat), a. [Lat. pulvinatus, bol- stered.] (Bot.) Cushion-shaped. See Pulyini- form. Pul vln 1 form (pul-vJn'i-form), a. [Lat. pulvin- us, a cushion, and/orma, shape.] (Bot.) Cushion- shaped ; specifically, noting a cushion-like enlarge- ment at the base of some leaves, or at the apex of some petioles; pulvinate. Pal vln lte (pulMn-It), n. [Lat. putvinus. a cush- ion.] (Paleon.) A fossil bivalve found in the bacu- 11 te limestone of Normandy. Pul vln u 11 (pul-vln'fl II), in. [Lat., little cush- Pul Villi (pul-vll'll), ) ions.] (Entom.) The cushion-like masses on the feet of dipterous insects. Pnlvinus ( pul-vl'nus ), n. [Lat., a cushion.] (Bot.) The oushion-like swelling sometimes occur- ring at the bastf of petioles or leaf-stalks. Pul war (pfil'wftr), n. (Naut.) A light, keelless, neatly built boat used on the Ganges. Pume (pflm), n. (Ornith.) The stint. Pumlciform (pu-mIs/i-form), a. Resembling or formed like pumice; specifically (Oeol.) applied to certain light spongy rocks apparently produced by igneous and gaseous action. Pu mi cose (ptl'mi-kOs), a. Consisting of or re- sembling pumice. A pumicoM deposit. Sir W. Hamilton. Pump (ptimp), n.—Pump-barrel, the wooden or metal cylinder or tube which forms the body of a pump, and in which the piston moves.—Pump-bit, a species of large auger with removable shank, such as is commonly used for boring wooden pump-bnr- rels.—Pump-boaj, the piston of the common pump, having a valve opening upward.—Pump-chain, the chain of the chain-pump.—Pump-cistern, (a) a cis- tern over the head of a chain-pump to receive the water, whenoe it is conveyed through the ship's sides by the pump-dales. (&) The name given to a contrivance to prevent chips and other matters get- ting to and fouling the chain-pumps.—Pump-handle, the handle or lever attached to the piston-rod of a pump for moving the piston up and down. She's a nose like a pump-handle. Thackeray. —Pump-well (Naut.), a compartment formed by bulkheads round a vessel's pumps to keep them PURBECK STONE. "clear of obstructions, to protect them from Injury, and give ready admittance for examining the con- dition of the pumps at any time. ^ ■ PuSd(ptod),i»- [Scotch.] Pu na too (pfl'na-to), ». The Ceylonese name for the preserved pulp of the fruit of the palmyra palm. Pu na-wlnd (ptl'na-wlnd), n. A cold and remark- ably dry wind which blows from the Cordilleras across the table-land called Puna, to the east oi Arequipa in Peru. Punch (pfinch), n. 1. (Surg.) An instrument used for extracting the stumps of teeth. 2* (Fine Arts.) An impression from the matrix of a hardened steel die, taken in soft metal, which condenses and hardens by the force used in obtain- ing it.—Punch-cheok, same as Bell-punch (whiob see).—Punch-ladle, a small ladle made of silver, wood, or other material, for lifting punch from * bowl or tumbler into a glass. Punch (punch), a. Short; dumpy; fat; thiok. [Vulgar.] Pun cha yet (ptin'cba-yet), n. [Hind.] A native jury of arbitration in Hindustan. Ia the village communities of India the punchayet is still used by Hindus in investigating oftenoes against caste. Cyo. of India. Punc ta ri a ce sb (pungk-ta'ri-R'7 se-6), n.pi. [From Lat. punctum, a point, a dot.] (Bot.) A family of fucold algee. Punc ta tor ( pungk - tflt' er or p&ngk' tfit - er), n. One who marks with dots: specifically applied to the Masorites, who invented the Hebrew points. Called also Punctist. See Masobetxo. Punct 1st (p&ngk'tist), n. See Punotatob. Punct u atlve (pungk^tfl-ftVIv), a. Relating or pertaining to punctuation. Punct a ra tion (p&ngk'tfl-ra^shun), n. The act of puncturing. Pun dlb (ptin'dib), n. (Paleon.) The looal name in Oxfordshire and the adjacent counties for an oOlite fossil belonging to the genus Terebratula. [Eng. J Pun dit (pfin'dit), n. One who makes a great show of learning without possessing it. Pu nic (ptTnik), n. The languRge of the Cartha- ginians, which belongs to the Canaanitish branch of the Semitic tongues, and is an offshoot of Phoeni- cian, and allied to Hebrew. Pu nl ca (pd'ni-ka), n. [From Lat. punious, be- longing to Carthage, the city of the Poeni, near which it is said to have been first found; or from puniceus, scarlet, in allusion to the color of the flowers.] (£of.) A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Myrtace®. Pu nl cin (ptTni-ein), n. (Chem.) A peculiar prin- ciple, having the appearance of an oleo-resin, ob- tained from the root of the pomegranate (Punioa granatum). Pun ish (pfin'ish), v. t. To make a considerable inroad on ; to make away with a good quantity of. 1 He punished my champagne.' [Colloq. J , Thackeray. Pun ish ment (p&n'ish-ment), n. Pain or injury inflicted, in a general sense; especially, the pain inflicted by one pugilist on another in a boxing- match. [Colloq.] Tom Sayers could not take punishment more gaily. Cornhill Mag. Pun jam (pfin'jum), n. An unbleached, strong, fine cotton long cloth made in India. Simmonds. Punk a I (pung/ka), n. [Hind, pankhd, a fan.] A Punk ah S large fan slung from the ceilings of rooms in India to produce an artificial current of air. W. H. Russell. Punt (pfint), n. (Naut.) A large square-built, flat- bottomed vessel without masts, propelled by poles, and used as a lighter for conveying goods, receiving the mud, etc., from dredging-machines, and the like. Punt (pfint), v. t. 1* To urge a punt along by pushing with a pole against the bed of the water; to force along by pushing. 2» To convey in a punt. He was punted across the river. Macmillan's Mag. Pun to (pQn'to), n. (Mus.) A point or dot. Pu pa (pfl'pa), ». pi. Pu pae (pfl'pS). (Zodl.) A genus of land-snails, §o called from the resemblanoe of the shell to the pupa or chrysalis of an insect. Pu pal (pfl'pal), a. Pertaining or relating to a pu- pa ; as, pupal state ; pupal skin. Pu pa ri al (pu-pfl'ri-al), ». Of or belonging to a pupa; as, puparial metamorphosis; a puparial case. Pu pate (ptl'pSt), v. i. To assume the form of a pupa ; to pass into the pupal state. Pu pll-teach er (pA'pil-tgch^er), n. One who is both a pupil and a teacher; one in apprenticeship as a teacher under a schoolmaster. Pu plv o ra (pu-plv'o-ra), n. pi. (Entom.) A tribe of hymenopterous insects, comprehending those of which the larvro live parasitlcally in the interior of the larvse and pupse of other insects, as the Ichneu- mon idea. Pup py-headed(pfip//i-h6d/ed),a. Stupid. 'This puppy-headed monster.' ^ Shah. Pur beck Stone (pdr'bek stOn), n. (Oeol.) An impure fresh-water limestone obtained from the Purbeck beds, in Dorsetshire, England. It takes on a good polish, but is deficient in durability under; oh, ch∈ g, go; j, JoBr aig, sing; la, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh,a*ure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound, ^ ew On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.PUKCHASABLE exposure to the air, and has hence lost much of its favor as a building-stone. Called also Pxrbeck Mar- ble. Purchasable (pdr'chas-a-bl), a. That may be bought or obtained for a consideration. 'Money being the counter-balance to all things purchasable by it.' Locke. Purchase (p^r'chas), v. t. (Naut.) To apply a purchase to; to raise or move by mechanical pow- er ; a9, to purchase an anchor. Pur chase (p6r'chas), ». t That which is acquired by honest or dishonest means, as by begging and the like. Chaucer. Cur chase (pfcr'chas), n.—Purchase-block ( Naut.), a block used in moving very heavy weight's.—Pur- chase-system, an arrangement by which commis- sions in the British army could be obtained for money. By this system more than half the first ap- pointments and subsequent promotion of officers used to bo effected. The system was abolished in 1871.—To be worth so many years1 purchase is said of property that would bring in, in the specified time, an amount equal to the sum paid. Thus to buy an estate at twenty years1 purchase is to buy it for a sum equivalent to the total return from it for twenty years. Hence similar phrases have come to be used in a figurative sense. Thus we speak of one's life not being worth an hour's purchase, that Is, in extreme peril. He knew that life waa not worth an hour's purchase if he did. Charlotte Bront6. Pur chas our (p6r'chas-ar"), n. One who obtains or acquires property; a purchaser. Chaucer. Pur dah (pdr'dfi), n. [Hind.] A curtain for hang- ing over a doorway ; a portibre. There were purdahs of fine matting. W*. H. Russell. Puree (pfl-ra), n. [Fr.] (Cookery.) Meat, fish, or vegetables boiled into a pulp, and passed through a sieve. Pur fle fp6r'fl), *. See Pubf-uno. Pur fled (p6r'fld),a. (Arch.) Applied to rich dec- orative work in stone or other material, made in imitation of lace, embroidery, drapery, and the like. Pur fling (pGr'fling), n. Rich ornamentation rep- resenting embroidery or lace-work; particularly applied to that species of marquetry which forms a border around the edge of the body of a violin. Written also Pur fle. Pur ga to rl ous (p6r'ga-t0"ri-ti9), a. Having the nature of or connected with purgatory. 4 Pur- gatorious and superstitious uses.' R.J Miltoni Pur ger y (p6rj er-i), n. The portion of a sugar- house where the sugar from the coolers is placed in hogsheads or in cone9, and allowed to drain off its molasses or imperfectly crystallized cane-juice. Knight. Purg Ing-nut (pSrj'ing-ntit), ». The seed of Cur- cas purgans, which affords an oil resembling cas- tor-oil, employed in some places for the same pur- pose. Called also Physic-nut. Puristic fpu-rlstik), )a. Pertaining or re- Pu rls tic al (pu-rfr'tik-al), > lating to purism; characteristic of a purist; excessively nice as to the choice of words. ' Bentham's puristical wisdom.' Prof. Maurice. Purl (p6rl), v. t. [According to Skeat from old pirle, a whirligig, from pirr, to whirl.] To throw down from horseback. [Hunting slang. Eng.] Pur pie (per'pl), a.—Purple beech (Bot.), a variety of the beech (Fagus sylvatlca), with a foliage of deep - browu or purplish hue.— Purple clover (Bot.), red or broad-leaved clover (Trifolium pratense).—Pur- ple copper ore (Min.), a species of sulphuret of cop- per, characterized by its lively and variegated col- ors, from which circumstanoe it is frequently called variegated pyritous copper. It occurs in metallic beds and veins, most commonly in primary rocks.— Purple emperor (Entom.), the Apatura or Nymphalis Iris, one of the largest and most richly colored of British butterflies.—Purple lily, the same as Marta- gon.—Purple loosestrife, the common name of Ly- thrum Salicaria. Pur pie (per'pl), ».—Purple-fish, a molluscous ani- mal yielding a purple dye.—Purple-heart (Bot.), the name given to two trees (Copaifera pubifiora and C. bracteata), yielding a handsome plum-col- ored wood, possessing great strength, elasticity, and durability. They are natives of British Ouiana. Pur pies (pfcr'plz), n. pi. A disease which attacks the ears of wheat, causing the kernels to turn black. It is produced by the earcockle (Vibrio tritici)t an animal parasite. Pur point (p6r'point), n. Same as Pourpoint. 4 The jewelled purpoints of the courtiers.' J. R. Green. Pur pose (p&r'pus),n.—To the purpose, to the mat- ter in question; conformably to the subject or ob- ject in view; as, to speak to the purpose. 4 If thou answerest me not to the purpose.' Shak. Purposefully (p6r'pus-ful-li), adv. With full purpose or design; of set purpose; with a purpose or object. Much more pardonable to slay needlessly than pur- posefally. Ruskin. Pur pose-like (pfcr'pus-IIk), a. Having the ap- pearance of being fit to answer any particular de- sign ; applied both to persons and things. Purposive (p6r'pus-Iv), a. Having an aim or purpose ; having an end in view. * The movement of the limbs is purposive.* [R.J Huxley. 647 Pur poa Ire nest* (p&r'pus-Iv-nos), n. State, con- dition, or quality of being designed for an end. [R.] Its movements... .show more and more signs of pur- posiveness. Cuntemp. Rev. Pur pur If era (p6r'per-If"er-a), n. pi. [Lat. purpura, purple, and fero, to bear.J (ZoOl.) A fam- ily of gastoropodous molluscs, including those spe- cies which secrete the purple substance forming the celebrated dye of the ancients. Pur pu rin ) (p6r'pu-rln), n. (Chem.) (C^HgOs.) Pur pu rlne J The name of a red coloring mat- ter extracted from madder. Pur pu ro-gal line (p6r'pu-ro-gai'in),n. (Chem.) (C^oHifiOjg.) A red coloring matter obtained by the action of oxidizing agents upon pyrogallio acid. It forms deep red needles soluble in alcohol, ether, etc. It dyes cloth easily, but the colors are rather poor. Purse-mouth ( p&rs'mouth ), ». A pursed-up mouth. 1 Maud with her sweet purse-mouth.' Tennyson. Pur vey or (per-vS'er), n.—Army purveyors, offi- cers charged with superintending the civil affairs of army hospitals, as the payment of men, procur- ing provision*, medical comforts, bedding, etc. Pusli to (pfish'to), tn. The language of the Af- Push too (pOsh'trt), J ghans. Captain Raverty considers that although on numerous points the Pushto bears a great similarity to the Semitic and Iranian langunges, it is totally different in con- struction, and in idiom also, from any of the Indu- Sanscrit dialects. Cue. nf India. Puss (pys),n. A sort of pet name sometimes ap- plied to a child or young woman. Puss (pys), «. — Puss-gentleman, an effeminate, scented dandy. 4 A fine puss-gentleman that's all perfume.' Cowper.—Puss-moth (Entom.), Cerura vinula, a handsome, large-bodied British moth, which is best known by its beautiful cocoon. Pus sy-wil low (pu9"i-wll'0), n. (Bot.) A pop- ular name for Salix discolor, a species of willow growing several feet in height, and bearing large round catkins covered with long glossy hair, from which the shrub derives its name. Called also Swamp-willow and Glaucous willow. [U. 8.] Pust u la tlon (pfist/n-ia"shun), ». The forma- tion or breaking out of pustules. Dunglison. Pust ule (pQst'fll), n. (Bot.) A pimple or blister. —Malignant pustule (Med.), a contagious and very fatal disease produced by blood poisoning and fre- quently resulting in gangrenous inflammation. It is said to be caused by infection or contagion from cattle, which at certain seasons are affected with a precisely similar disease. This disease is often incurred while handling the hide? of animals thus affected, and may be communicated by the bites of insects. . Pust u lop o ra (pfist'fl-16p"o-ra). ». [Lat. pus- tula, a blister, and porus, a passage or channel.] (Geol.) A common tubular branched polyzoOn of the chalk formation. Put (put), v. i. {Stock Exchange.) To pay a certain price for the privilege of delivering at a specified time shares of stock which are expected to depreci- ate in value; also, to deliver such stock within a certain time agreed upon. Put (put), n. (Stock Exchange.) The privilege of delivering at a specified time and at a certain price, a given quantity of stock which is expected to de- cline in value.—Put-and-call, authority to purchase or dispose of a quantity of stock at a certain price. Put (p&t),». [Scotch.] 1* The act of throwing a stone above-hand; a thrust; a push. 2. (Qolf.) A short careful stroke with the view of driving the ball into the hole. Pu ta men (pu-tfi'men), n. [Lat., a shell.] (JBof.) The inner coat or shell, or stone of a fruit: com- monly called the endocarp. Put e li (put'e-li), n. (Naut.) A broad flat-bottomed boat, used for transporting the products of Upper Bengal down the Ganges, carrying a single large square sail. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 8. Put oo (put'5), n. A dish made from flour or meal from the germinal shoots of the palmyra-nut, scraped cocoa-nut, and jack-fruit, much esteemed by the Singhalese. Pu to rl us (pu-tO'ri-us), n. [Lat. putor, a stench, from pufeo, to stink.] (ZoOl.) A genus of carnivo- rous mammals nearly allied to the martens. This, genus is more commonly known as Mustela. Pu tre fac tedf (p fl' tr e-f 2k'' ted), a. Rendered putrid. Putrid (pfl'trid), a.—Putrid fever (Pathol.), a name given to typhus fever on account of the ten- dency to putrefaction in the. fluids and vitiation of the secretions.—Putrid sore throat, gangrenous in- flammation of the throat, pharynx, etc. Put ter (pQt'er), n. One of the clubs used in play- ing" golf. It is that used for making short strokes with the object of holding the ball. Put ter-out (put'er-out). n. In England, one who formerly deposited money on going abroad, on con- dition of receiving a very much larger sum on his return, the money being forfeited on his non-re- turn. This mode of gambling was practiced in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. Put ty (p&t'i), n. 1* A very fine cement, used by plasterers and stone masons, made of lime only. 2* The mixture of ground materials in which in potteries earthenware is dipped for glazing. PYRALIDJE 3. The mixture of clay and horse-dung used 111 making molds in foundries. i Put ty (pfit i). n.—Putty-eye, a name given by pig- eon-fanciers to the eyes of pigeons which have ft thick orbit of a fleshy character. —Putty-knife, a knife with a blunt, flexible, lanceolate blade used by glaziers for laying on putty. Put, ty cr (pfit'ti-er), n. One who putties; one who fills up or cements with putty, as a glazier or the like. Thackeray. Pu ture (pQ'tflr), n. [Also written pulture; L. Lat. pultura, from Lat. puis, pultis, pottage.] A cus-* torn claimed by keepers in forests, and sometimes by bailiffs of hundreds, to take man's-meat, horse- meat, and dog's-meat from the tenants and inhabit- ants within the perambulation of the forest, hun- dred, etc. [Eng.] , Put wary (pat'wa-ri),n. A register. [India.] Puz zle dom (puz'l-dum), ». The state of being puzzled or perplexed ; bewilderment; puzzlement. _ . Richardson. Puz zle ment (pQz'l-ment), n. The state of being puzzled ; puzzledom. 4 With a pretty look of puz- zlement and doubt.' Lord Lytton. Puzzle-monkey (pQz,/l-mQng/ki), n. (ZoOl.), A popular name of the Araucaria imbricata. Py a? mi a (pi-5 'mi-a), n, [Gr. jtOoc, pus, and al/ia, blood.] (Pathol.) Blood-poisoning, a dangerous disease resulting from the introduction of decaying animal matter, pus, or other unhealthy secretion into the system. 8uch matter may be introduced through an ulcer, wouud, or imperfectly closed' vein, or mucous membrane, as that of the nose. Written also Pyhoemia and Pyemia. Py aem 1c (pi-Cm'ik or pl-6'mik), la. Pertaining or Py em ic (pi-Cm'ik), ) relating to py- aemia ; characterized by or of the nature of pysemia. Py at (pT'at), ». [From pie% a magpie.] A magpie. [Scotch.] Jamieson. Pyc nld I um (pic-nld'i-um), n. pi. Pyc nld I a (pik-nld'i-a). [Gr. micros, thick, dense.] (Bof.) The name given to a second kind of fruit in many species of Sphserla and allied genera of fungi, re- sembling in some measure the perithecla, but, in-' sttfad of producing asci, generating naked spores. Treas. of Bot. Pyc no gon 1 d«e (pIk'no-g5n"i-de), ». pi. (ZoOl.) A very remarkable family of crustaceans, forming the order Araneiformia (spider-forms) of some writers. The genus Pycnogonum is the type. Py e If tls (pr/e-ll"tis). n. [Gr. irweAo?, the pplvis and -itis, denoting inflammation.] (Pathol.) In flam mat ion of the pelvis and calices of the kidney." Py ga thrlx (pr ga-thriks), n. [Gr. irvyij, poste- riors, and dpt£, hair.] (ZoOl.) The Cochin-Chin** monkey (Simia nemceus). Py gld t um (pi-jTd'i-um), n. [Gr. irvyq, the pos> teriors. 1. (Entom.) The ninth or last ring or segment of the abdomen of a flea.] It is somewhat kidney- shaped, and exhibits twenty-five to twenty-eight longish bristles implanted in the center of so mnny disc-like areola*. 2. (Pal eon.) The terminal division of the body of a trilobite. Pyg my ( plg'mi ), n. A species of ape; the ohlm- panzee. Brande <& Cox. Pyg my (plg'mi), v. I. To dwarf; to make little. Wood. Pyg o pus (plg'o-pus), n. [Gr. irvy 17, rump, and »rovs, a foot.] (ZoOl.) A genus of Australian lacer- tilian reptiles, family Scincidro, which, with the ge- nus Pseudopus, formerly constituted the genus Bipes. Py in /(?nn), n. [Gr. irvov, pus.] A peculiar- Py ine ) matter, besides albumen, found in solu- tion in pus. Py ja ma (pi-j&'ma), n. A kind of loose capacious trousers or drawers, supported by a cord tied round the waist, and worn in India. Pyjamas are generally made of a light fabric, such as silk or cotton, and some are made to cover the feet entirely. Pyk I ( plk ), v. t. To make bare; to pick. Pike ) [Scotch.] Pyke (plk), n. In India, a foot messenger; a night watchman. Stocqueler. Pyle (pll),». A single grain of chaff. [Scotch.] Burns. Pylon (pl'lon), n. pi. Py lo lies (pl-l^ngz). (Arch.) The mass of building on either side of the entrance to an Egyptian temple. Qtoilt. Pylorldea (piro-rId"e-a), )n. pi. [Gr Pyl o rid e ans (pIl/o-rId'/e-anz), J irvAwpos, & gate-keeper, and elooy, resemblance.J (ZoOl.) The gapers, a tribe of lamellibranchiate bivalves, com- prehending those which have the shell nearly al- ways equivalve, and gaping at the two extremities. t »>> Pyne f (pin or p6n). ». Suffering; pain. Chaucer. Py noun t (pi-nftn'), n. An ensign or small banner carried at the end of a lance. Chaucer. Py o gen e sis fpro-jgn^e-sis),) ». [Gr.wOov.pus, Py o ge nl a (pT'o-jG^ni-a), J and ■yepetri?, gen- eration.] (Pathol.) The generation of pus; the theory or process of the formation of pus. Py o gen lc ( pfo-jSn'Mk), a. [See Pyooknesxb.J Having relation to the formation of pus; generat- ing pus; pus-producing. Py ral i dee (pi-rSl'i-dS), n. pi. (Entom.) A fam- ily of nocturnal Lepidoptera, belonging to the gen- Notation: it, €. I, 0.11, long; £, £, I, 5, fl, short; a, e, 1, o, u, obsoure; f&r, f&ll, tyst, cAre; h6r, mOve, or; byll, a, Fr.; Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor* coster's Unabridged Dictionaries.PYKAMID eral section Heterooera. Many of the species are gay-colored, and fly in the daytime. Pyr a mid (plr'a-inid), n. 1. (Anat.) A conical bony eminence, situated on the posterior wall of the tympanum, Immediately behind the oval aperture (fenestra ovalis) of the ear. 2* pi. (Billiards.) A game played with fifteen red balls and one white one, the red balls being placed together in the form of a triangle or pyra- mid at spot, the object of the players beiug to try who will pocket or 4 pot' the greatest number of balls. 3« (Bot.) The American calumba or Indian let- , tuce (Frasera carolinensis). Dunglison. py ram 1 dal ( pi-rftm'i-dal), a. (Bot.) Having the figure of an angular cone, but more frequently used as an equivalent for conical, as the prickles of some roses, the root of the carrot, and the heads of many trees. Treas. of Bot.—Pyramidal bell-flower (Bot.), a plant of the genus Campanula, the C. py- ramidalia, a nativeof Istria and Savoy.—Pyramidal muscle (Anat.), a muscle in the front of the belly, bo named from its shape. It arises from the pubes, and assists the rectus.—Pyramidal numbers, the third order of figurate numbers. Py ram 1 del la (pi-rfim'i-dCr'a), n. (ConoTi.) A genus of marine univalves found on ooral reefs, sand; and sandy mud. Pyr a mid 1 on(pIr/a-mTd//i-on),n. (4roJi.) The small flat pyramid which terminates the top of an 4>bHli»k. Py ram I don (pi-rSm'i-don), n. (Jlfus.) An or- gan stop of 16 or 32 feet tone on the pedals, invent- ed by the Rev. 8ir F. A. G. Ouseley. Py rar gll lite (pir-ar'jil-It), n. (Min.) A by- drated silicate of alumina, protoxide of iron, mag- nesia, soda, and potash, found In granite in Fin- land. Brande <& Cox. Pyr ar gy rite (pir-ftr'ji-rlt), ». [Gr. irvp, fire, and apyvpot, silver.] (Min.) An'important ore of silver, chiefly sulphide of silver and antimony, with hexagonal crystallization, widely diffused both in tae Old and in the New World. Py rene (pl'r6n), n. [Gr. irvp, fire.] (Chem.) (O15 H]j.) A hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar. Py rene (pi-ren'), »• [Gr. irvpijv, the stone of a fruit.J (Bot.) The stone found in the interior of drupes and of similar fruits, caused by the hard- ening of the endocarp. Py re ne Ite ( plr/e-n6'/lt), n. (Min.) A mineral of a grayieh-black color, found in the Pyrenees, and considered as a variety of garnet. It occurs in miuute rhombio dodecahedrons. Pv re no my ce tes ( pI-re/no-mT-se"tez ), n. pi. [Gr. wprjv, the stone of a fruit, and fivxrit, pvkijto?, a mushroom.] (Bot.) That portion of the ascomy- cetous and coniomycetous fungi having a closed nu- clear fruit. Pyr etli rlne (pTr'eth-rln), n. [Gr. irvpeffpov, the plant feverfew.] (Chem.) A soft resinous extract, obtained from the root of a species of feverfew, by treating with alcohol and ether. 648 Pyr © bal lo gy ( ptr'o-bSl^o-ii), n. [Gr. irvp, irvpot, fire, /3dAAo), to throw, and Aoyos, discourse, account.] The art or science of artillery. [R.J Sterne. Pyr o chro a fptr'o-"*^'^), «. [Gr. »■ Op, fire, and Xpoa, color.] (Entom.) A genus of coleopterous insects, distinguished by its pure red oolor; cardi- nal beetle. Pyr o gal late (plr'o-gSl^lat),». (Chem.\ A salt of pyrogallic acid. Pyr o gen 1c (pIr'o-j6n"ik), o. and n. [Gr. irvp, wvpos, fire, and yevvdat, to produce.] Producing or that which tends to produce feverishness, as septic poisons when Introduced into the system. Pyr og nom 1c ( plr'og-n0m//ik ), a. [Gr. irvp, irvpos, fire, and yv<*ym>v, an index, a mark.] Applied to certain minerals which, when heated to a certain degree, exhibit a glow of incandescence, probably arising from a new disposition of their molecules. Pyr og nos tic (pIr/og-n5s"tik), a. [Gr. irvp, irvpos, fire, and ytyvutrma, to know.] (Min.) Pertaining to the phenomena exhibited on the application of the blow-pipe. Py rog ra phy ( pi-r8g'ra-fl), n. [Gr. irvp, fire, and ypdr"ffifi or pT'ro-mor"- f&s), a. [Gr. irvp, irvpos, fire, and nopy, form.] (Min.) Having the property of crystallizing on cooling after being melted by heat. Pyr o nom lc« (plr'o-n0m"ik* or pI'ro-n5m//iks), n. [Gr. irvp, itvpot, fire, add vo/ios, a rule, a law.] (Physics.) That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of heat. Pyr o phone (plr'o-fOn), n. [Gr. irvp, irvp6s, fire, and fwyij, sound.] A musical instrument, in which the various notes are produced by the burning of hydrogen gas within glass tubes of various sizes and lengths. Pyr o phos pbate (pIr'o-fQs"fat), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrophosphoric acid. Pyr o phos phor 1c ( p!r'o-fos-f8r//ik ), a. [Gr. irvp, irvjxfc, fire, and Eng.phosphoric.'} (Chem.) Ap- PYXINE2E plied to an acid (H4P2O7) formed by exposing con- centrated phosphorio ucid to a temperature of 415° F. Pyr o-pho tog ra phy (ptr'o -fo - tSg"ra - fi), ». [Gr. irvp, fire, and Eng. photography.] A term ap- plied to those processes in photography in which heat is used to fix the picture. Pyr o ra cem ate (pfr'o-ra-sSm^at), n. (Chem.) ' A salt formed by the union of pyroracemic acid with a' base. Pyr o ra cem Ic (pTr'o-ra-BSjn"ik),a. (Chem.) Ap- plied to an acid (C3H4O3), one of the products of the distillation of tartaric and racemic acids. Pyr o som i dae (pir'o-sOm"i-de), n. pi. (ZoGl.) A family of marine molluscoida, of the group Tunica- ta, constituting the order Dactylobranchia of Owen. The genus Pyrosoma is the type. Pyr ox an thin \ (pIr'ok-s&n"thYn), n. [Gr. irvp, Pyr ox an thine J irvpos, fire, end £av6ot, gold- en yellow.] (Chem.) (Probably C5H802.) A vola- tile crystalline solid obtained from crude pyrolig- neous spirit. The crystals are of an intense yellow color. J Pyr rho nt an ( pir-rO'ni-an), ». Same as Pyr- rhonist. Pyr rho tlte (pir'o-tlt), n. Same as Pyrrhotine. Pyr rhu la (pir-fl'la), n. [From Gr. irvppos, fire- red.] (Ornith.) The bullfinches, a genus of conl- rostral passerine birds of the family Fringillid®. | Py th a go re an (plth'a-gO^re-an oupi-thfig/o-rS//- an), a.—Pythagorean bean, the Nelmnbium specio- sum.—Pythagorean lyre (Mus.), a musical instru- ment said to have been invented by Pythagoras (oc- tochordum Pythagor»V after his death preserved in the temple of Hera at Samos.—Pythagorean fable, the abacus.—Pythagorean theorem (Oeom.),the for- ty-seveuth proposition of the first book of Euclid's Elements. Pyth a go re an lsm-(pYth/a-g5"re-an-Ysm or pi- thflg/o-re"an-fzm), n. Same as Pythagorism. Pyth o gen e BlBtpIth'o-jgn' e-pis), n. Generation by means of filth. See Pythogenio. . Pyth o gen Ic (p!th'o-j6n//ik ), a. fGr. m;0«, to make to rot, and ytwSo, to produce.] Filth-begot- ten ; engendered from filth; specifically applied to a class of diseases, as typbus, produced by filth, es- pecially by a vitiated atmosphere. Fall Mall Gazette. Pyx (pYx), n. A box or chest in which specimen coins are deposited at thd English mint.—Trial of the pyx, the final trial by weight and assay of the gold and silver coins of Great Britain, prior to their issue from the Miijt. The term is also applied to the assaying of gold and silver plate, which takes place at the different assay-offices. Written also Fix. Pyx (plks), v. t. To submit to a test by weight qnd assay, as the coins deposited in the pyx. Pyx in el (pik-sln'e-i),) n. pi. (Bot.) A natural Pyx In e 60 (pik-sln'e-e), \ order of lichens, com- prising those known in the arotio regions as tripe de roche. ch, cftain; g, go\ j, job; ng, sing; - fh, fben; th, th\n; w, tcig; wh, whig; zh, arure; 00, tood; oi, oil; ou, pound. I On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions ot Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.QUACHA (549 QUARTERING Q. Ana Clta (qua'cha), n. (Zool.) The quagga. W Quack (quack), v. i. To act the quack, to talk as a quack; to pretend to medical knowl- edge. Quack en (quaek'en), v. t. To choke, to suffo- cate. [Prov. Eng.] Quad i n (quad'ra, pi. qug.d'rsB), n. [Lat.=a square or plinth; a fillet.] (Arch.) One of the bands or fillets of the Ionic base, between which the scotia or hollow occurs: also the plinth, or lower member of the podium. [Illus., Quadra.] Quad ra ge na ri ou§ (quad'ra-ge-na^rl-oiis), a. [Lat. quadragenariuSi from quadrageni— forty each; quadraginta=forty.] Numbering forty; forty years old. Quad rans (quad'r&ns), n. [Lat.] (Rom. Antiq.) The fourth part of the as. Quadrant (quad/rant), n. (Arch.) A quad- rangle. [Obs.] Gunner^ s-quadrant: The gun- ner's quadrant is a graduated arc of 90°, or rather more, made of brass or wood, and haying an arm attached, which is passed into the bore of the gun for the purpose of ascertaining the eleva- tion. The wooden level has a leaden bullet sus- pended by a string, which indicates the per- pendicular, the deviation from which is meas- ured on the arc. The metallic quadrant is of more elaborate construction, and has a spirit- level attached. Hadley^s quadrant or sextant: (Optics) An instrument for measuring altitudes. (Used principally at sea.) [Sextant.] p Quad rat ic (quad-r&t'Ie), a. (Crystall.) Di- metric; said of the system including the square prism and related forms.—Dana. Quad rel (quad'rel), n. A piece of turf or peat cut in a square form. [Prov. Eng."] . Quad ri bas ic (quad'ri-bas^ic), a. [Pref. quadri-i and Eng. basic.'] (Chem.) Containing four parts of base to one of acid. Quad ri en ni al (qug^rl-Sn^nl-al), a. Quad- rennial. Quad ri fo li ate, Quad ri foil (quad'ri-fo"- 11-ate, quad'rl-foil), a. [Pref. quadri-, and Eng. foliate.] (Bot.) Bearing four leaflets from the same point; said of a petiole. Quad ri fur cate, Quad ri fur cat ed (quad'ri-ftlr 'cate, quad/ri-fflr//c at-6d), a. [Pref. quadri-, and Eng. furcate, furcated. ] Furnished with four forks or branches. Quad ri ju gate, Quad rij u gate (quad'rl- ju^gate, quad-rij'Q-gate), a. [Lat. quadrijugis, quadrijugus—yoked four together.] (Bot.) Of the petiole of a pinnated leaf) Bearing four pairs of leaflets. Quad ri mem bral (quad'rl-mSm^bral), a. [Pref. quadriand membrum—a member.] Pro- vided with four members or parts. Quad ri nom ic al (quad/ri-n6m//Ie-al), a. [Lat. quadrus=fourfold, and nomen—a name, a term.] (Alg.) The same as Quadbinomlal., ^Quad ri nom in al (quad'ri-nom^In-al) a. [Pref. quadri-, and Eng. nominal.] (Alg.) The same as Quadbinomial. Quad ri pliyl lous (quad^l-phyFlotis), a. [Pref. quadri-, and Gr. v\kov (phullon) = a leaf.] (Bot.) Having four leaves. Quad ri sec tion (quad/ri-s6e//tion), n. [Pref. quadri-, and Eng. section.] Subdivision into four parts or sections. Quad ri sul ca ta (quad/rl-siil-ea//ta), n. pi. [Pref. quadri-, and Lat. sulcatus, pa. par. of sulco =to furrow, to plow.] (Zool.) A group of ungu- late animals, with the hoof parted into four digits. Quad ri sul cate (quad'ri-stil^eate), n. [Quad- bisulcata.] (Zool.) Any individual belonging to the Quadrisulcata (q. v.). Quad ri syl lab ic (quad'ri-syl-l&b^Ie), a. [Pref. quadri-, and Eng. syllabic.] Consisting of four syllables; relating to or composed of quadri- syllables. Quad riv i al (quad-rlv'i-al), n. One bf the arts constituting the quadrivium (q. v.). "The quadrivials are now smallie regarded in either of them [the universities]."—Holinshed: Description of England, bk. ii, ch. iii. Quad riv i ous (quad-riv'i-oiis), a. Going in four ways or directions. "Walking off quadrivious."—Reade: Cloister and Hearth, ch. xxiv. Quad riv i um (quad-rlv'i-tim), n. [Lat. = (l) a place where four roads meet; (2) the four mathematical sciences — arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy, from quatuor=tovoc, and via=a way.] In the middle ages an educa- tional course consisting of the four mathematical sciences mentioned above. Quad rox ides (quad-rftx'ides), n. pi. (Chem.) A name applied by Eose to oxides containing four atoms of metal to one atom of oxygen, such as suboxide of silver. Better called tetrametallic oxides. Quad ru pe dal (quad-rtt'pe-dal), a. Quadru- ped; having four legs and feet; pertaining to a quadruped. "From that groveling, quadrupedal shape."— Howell: Parly of Beasts, p. 6. Quaicli, Quaigh, Quegli (quaich, quaigh, quegh), n. [Irish and Gael, cuach.] A drink- ing-cup or vessel. [Scotch„] Quail call (quail'eall), n. A quail-pipe. Quaint (quaint), a. Syn.—See Odd. Quak er (quak7er), n. Quaker-grass: Quaking- grass. Quaker-gun: The resemblance of a gun, made of wood or other material, and carried on a vessel, or pointed through the embrasure of a fort, to deceive the enemy. (So called from its inoffensive character.) [Z7. &] Quak i ness (quak'I-n&as), n. A quaking or shaking. Qua king bog (quak'Ing-bdg), n. A bog con- sisting of growing peat, so saturated with water that a part of its surface will shake when trodden upon. Quak y (quak'£), a. Quaking, shaking, quaggy: as. a quaky bog. Old, and toothless, and quaky."—Thackeray: Roundabout Papers, No. xxix. Qual i li ca tive (qual'I-fi-ca-tlve), n. That which serves to qualify, modify, or limit; a quali- fying, modifying, or limiting term, clause, or statement. "Some who will forgive the use of our qualifi- catives."—Fuller: General Worthies, ch. xxi. Qual i fied (qual'I-fled), p, a. Syn.—Qualified, Competent. A man is qualified for a task when his powers, either by training or by nature, have a special aptitude for that task. A man is com- petent to such a task when he has simply the natural powers, so that after-training may be added. Hence qualification is competency specif- ically developed. It follows that a man may be competent without being qualified, inasmuch as competency regards native powers; qualification, artificial acquirements. But qualification ex- tends even beyond this; and, while competency always belongs to inherent power, qualification sometimes denotes such powers as are altogether extraneous to the individual, and come to him from without, or are conferred upon him. Qual i fled ly (qual'i-fied-ly), adv. In a qualified manner; with qualification or limitation. Qual i Ty (qual'i-fy), v. i. 1. To take the neces- sary steps for making one's self qualified for any place, office, function, or occupation; to establish a right to exercise any right, privilege, function, or duty (followed by for): as, To qualify for an elector, to qualify for a surgeon. 3. To swear to discharge the duties of an office: hence, to make oath to any fact. Qual i tied (qual'i-tied), a. Furnished or en- dowed with qualities or passions; accomplished. [O&s.] "Episcopus protested he was not so ill quali- tied."—Hales: Letter from Synod of Dort, Dec., 1618. Qual i ty-bind ing (qual"I-ty-bind'ing), n. A kind of worsted tape used in Scotland for binding the borders of carpets and the like.—Simmonds. Qual ly (quaMy), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A small elliptical iron pan, containing about five gallons, used in the East Indies for manufacturing sago over a fire.—Simmonds. Quam asli (quam'ash), n. [North American Indian.] (Bot.) The bulb of Camassia esculenta. It is roasted, made into cakes, and eaten by the North American Indians. Quan (quan), n. A name in Cochin China for an imaginary coin, the value of which is about $0.85. Quan ti fi ca tion (quan'ti-fi-ca^tion), n. The act or process by which anything is quantified; the act o;£ determining the quantity or amount, especially used as a term in logic. Of late it has been proposed to quantify the predicate as well • as the subject of the propositions of a syllogism, i. e., instead of writing as at present, All A is B, Some A is B, to write, All (or sjme) A is (all or some) B. "The thorough-going quantification of the pred cate in its appliance to negative proposi- tions is not only allowable . . . it is even indis- pensable."— Sir W. Hamilton, in Athenaeum, Feb. 25, 1851. Quan ti fy (quan'tl-fy), v. t. [Lat. quantus— how much, how great.] (Logic) To mark or determine the quantity of; to mark with the sign of quantity. Quan ti ty (q.uan'tl-ty), n. Quantity of estate: (Law) The time during which the right of en- joyment of an estate continues. Syn.—Quantity, Numbeb. Quantity is used of that which is weighed or measured; number, of that which is counted. Hence, we speak of a number of pumpkins, squashes, melons, etc.; of a quantity of potatoes, apples, strawberries, etc. —Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Quap (quap), v. i. To beat, to throb, to tremble, to shake, to quake. "My heart gan quap full oft." Cartwright: The Ordinary, ii, % Quar rel (quar'rel), n. 1. A square paving stone or tile of a square or diamond shape. 2. A four-sided graver. 3. A stonemason's chisel. 4. A glazier's diamond. Quar ter (quarter), n. Quarter-aspect: (Astron.) The aspect of two planets, whose position is at a distance of 90° on the zodiac. Quarter-back: (Football) One of the players stationed immedi- ately in front of the goal-keeper. Quarter-badge: (Naut.) An artificial gallery on a ship; a earved ornament near the stern, containing a window for the cabin, or a representation of a window. It occurs in ships which have no quarter-gallery (q. v.). Quarter-blanket: (Man.) A small blanket generally used under the harness, covering the horse's back from the shoulders to the hips, though in some cases it extends no farther for- ward than the front of the pad. Quarter-block: (Naut.) A double block iron-bound, secured swivel-fashion by a bolt near the middle of a yard. Quarter-face: A face three parts turned away. Quarter-gunner: (Naut.) A term for- merly applied to an able-bodied seaman placed under the direction of the gunner, one quarter- gunner being allowed to every four guns. To show quarter, To grant quarter, To keep quarter: In war, to spare the life of a vanquished enemy; hence, generally, not to push one's advantage to an extreme; to show mercy; to be merciful, kind, or forgiving. (The origin of the term is dis- puted; by some it is referred to an agreement said to have been anciently made between the Dutch and the Spaniards, that the ransom of a soldier should be the quarter of his pay. It may, perhaps, be referred to the meaning of granting friendship or peace.) Quarter-squares: (Math.) A table of the fourth part of the squares of num- bers. It is used in lieu of a table of logar- ithms. Quar ter ing (quar'ter-ing), p. a. Quartering- belt: (MachT) A belt or band connecting pulleys whose axles are at right angles to each other. Quartering-block: The block on which the body of one condemned to be quartered was cut in pieces. Notation: a, 6,1, 0, ta, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, ti, short; c&re, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, ry.de^ ' push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; gh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; » as in linger, link; th as in thine. "On this page will be found all new words: also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in tne original Wedseer.QUARTERMASTER 650 QUITE Quar ter mas ter (quar^ter-mas'ter), n. termaster-sergeant: (Mil.) The senior sergeant in the quartermaster's department of a regiment. He is responsible to the quartermaster for the issuing of the stores and other duties connected with the office. He ranks next the sergeant-major. Quar tern (quartern), n. 1. (Dry meas.) The fourth part of a peck, or of a stone. A quartern-loaf (q. v.). "The pang with which we saw one of those Solid quarterns on the dinner-table."—Century Magazine, Dec., 1878, p. 488. Quartern-loaf: Properly a loaf made of the quarter of a stone of flour, but generally applied to a loaf of the weight of 4 pounds. Quar tet (quar-tet7), n. A small-sized sofa. Quar tic (quar'tie), n. [Lat. gtiar^s=fourth.] (Alg.) A homogeneous function of the fourth degree in the variables, or, as the latter are sometimes termed, facients. Binary, ternary, and quaternary quartics have been most studied, in consequence of their connection respectively with the theories of equations, of curves, and of surfaces.—Brande and Cox. Quartz oid (quartz'oid), n. (Crystall.) A double six-sided pyramid, represented by uniting two six-sided single pyramids base to base. Quartz ©us (quartz'oiis), a. {Petrol.) Con- taining more or less quartz; quartzose. Quash ee (quash'ee) n. A name for a negro; so called from Quassy, a negro, who is said to have discovered the medicinal properties of one species of the quassia plant. Quass (quass), n. The same as Quas. Quat (quat), v. t. [Prob. the same word as quit or quiet.] [Obs.J 1. To satiate; to satisfy. " To the stomach quatted with dainties, all del- icates seem greasy."—Lyly. To release, to free. Qua ter nate (qua-t6r'nate), a. [Lat. quatemi =four each.] Consisting of four. (Bot.) Four to- ?ether; succeeding by fours. Quaternate-leaf: Bot.) A leaf consisting of four leaflets. Qua- ternate-pinnate: (Bot.) Pinnated with the pin- nee arranged in fours. [Illus., Quaternate-leaf. J Qua ter ni on (qua-tfcr'ni-on), n. 1. A word consisting of four syllables, a quadrisyllable. (Math.) The metrographic relation exist- ing between any two right lines having definite lengths and directions in space, depending upon four irreducible geometrical elements. Discov- ered and developed by Sir W. Hamilton. " A quaternion is the quotient of two vectors, or of two directed lines in space, considered as depending on a system of four geometrical ele- ments, and as expressible by an alphabetical Bymbol of quadrinomical form."—Sir. W. Ham- ilton. Qua torze (ka-t6rze0» n. [Fr.=fourteen.] In piquet, the four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens; so called because each quatorze counts four- teen points. "He scores ten for carte blanche, twenty-eight for quatorzes."—Field, Jan. 23, 1885. Quat re foil (k&t'er-foil), n. The same as Quarter-foil. Quat u or (qu&t'u-or), n. [Lat.] (Mus.) A quartet in instrumental music. Quay berth (ke'berth), n. A berth in a public dock where a ship is loaded or discharged. Quean (quean), n. In the eighteenth century in England, and still in Scotland, used for a young or unmarried woman, without any idea of dis- respect or contempt. " Here's to the flaunting extravagant quean." Sheridan: School for Scandal, iii, 3. Queen (queen), n. (Chess) The leading piece, and, after the king, the most important of all the pieces in the game of chess. Queen-consort: The wife of a king. Queen-bee: (Entorn.) A ful- ly developed female bee in a hive or nest. She lays two or three thousand eggs daily during the height of summer, or more than a million during her lifetime, which is about five years. When a young queen comes forth, the old one becomes agitated with jealousy, and ultimately quits the hive, surrounded by a great multitude of workers who found a new colony, leaving the old hive to the possession of the youthful rival. Two days to a week after coming to maturity, the young queen temporarily flies forth, and is fertilized in the air. Queen-regent, queen-regnant: A queen who holds the crown in her own right. Queen- truss: (Carp.) A truss framed with queen-posts. Queers advocate: [Advocate.] Queen's bench: [Bench.] Queen's blue: (Com.) Thumb-blue, Stone-blue. One of the names given to lump- blue used in laundries. Queen's counsel: [Coun- sel.] Queen's cushion: (Bot.) Saxifraga Hyp- noides. Queen's delight, queen's root: (Bot.) Stillingia sylvatica. Queen's English: [King's English.] Queen's Evidence: [King's Evi- dence.] Queen's metal: An alloy used for mak- ing teapots, obtained by fusing under charcoal a mixture of nine parts tin, one part each anti- mony, lead, and bismuth. Queen's pigeon: [Victoria Crowned-pigeon.] Queen's yellow: {Chem.) Subsulphide of mercury. Queen (queen), v. t. To make into a queen, as a pawn, by advancing it to its eighth square. Queen craft (queen'craft), n. [Cf. kingcraft.'] Skill or craft in policy displayed by a queen, " Elizabeth showed much queencraft."—Fuller: Worthies, i, 490. Queen ship (queen'ship), n. The state, posi- tion, rank, or dignity of a queen. Queme ful (queme'ful), a. [06s.] 1. Pleas- ing.— Wycliffe: Leviticus Jan. «. Friendly, gracious. "God . . . schal be quemeful to him."— Wyc- liffe: Job xxxiii, 26. Quer ce tin (quer^e-tin), n. [Altered from quercitrin.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystallizable body, produced by the action of dilute mineral acids on quercitrin. It is neutral and inodorous; is slightly soluble in boiling water, easily in weak alcohol and in ether. Nitrate of silver and cupric oxide are readily reduced by it. Quer cus (quer'ctis), n. [Lat. = an oak.] (Bot.) Oak; the typical genus of the sub-order Quercinese. From the northern hemisphere; species about 250. Quercus Suber is the Cork- tree, Q. infectoria is the Gall-oak; Q. Ilex, the Holly-oak; Q. Mgilops, in the Levant, produces the Yalonia acorn imported for dyeing purposes. The leaves of Q. mannifera, in Kurdistan, secrete a saccharine matter; the acorns of the Spanish Q. Gramuntia are sweet and are eaten. The leaves of Q.falcata are astringent, and are used in gangrene. Of American species, Q. alba, the White or Quebec-oak, and Q. virens, or Live-oak, yield excellent timber for shipbuilding. Quer i mon y (quSr'I-mon-^), n. A complaint; a complaining. [Obs.]—Hall: Edw. IV (an. 17). Ques tion (kwSst'yun), n. Out of question: Doubtless, unquestionably. "But out of question 'tis Maria's hand." Shakesp.; Twelfth Night, v. Out of Question: Not to be thought of; not de- serving of thought or consideration. Previous question: In parliamentary practice, the ques- tion whether a vote shall be come to on the main issue or no, brought forward before the main or real question is put by the Speaker, and for the purpose of avoiding, if the resolution is in the negative, the putting of this question. The motion is in the form, " That the question be now put," and the mover and seconder vote against it. Ques tion (kwSstfyiin), v. t. Syn.—See In- quire. Ques tion a ry (kw6st7yun-a-ry), n. An itin- erant pedlar of indulgences or relics. Quick en ing (quiek'en-Ing), n. (Physiol.) A term applied to that stage of pregnacy in which the child gives indications of life; the act of giv- ing signs of life in the womb (said of either the mother or the child). The motion of the fetus usually makes itself felt about the eighteenth week of pregnacy. Quick-step (quiek'-stSp), n. (Mil.) A march at the rate of 3^4 miles an hour, or 110 paces (275 feet) a minute. Also called Quick-march. Quid (quid), v. t. and i. To drop food from the mouth when partly masticated. (Said of horses.) Quid dit at ive (quld/;dit-at'ive), a. The same as Quiddative. Quiet (qui'et), n. At quiet: At peace, peaceful.— Judges xviii, 27. In quiet: Quietly. On the quiet: Clandestinely, secretly, quietly, so as to avoid observation. [Slang.] Out of quiet: Dis- turbed, troubled, restless. Quill (quill), n. The fold of a plaited ruff or ruffle, from its being in shape and size somewhat like a goose-quill. Quill-bit: A long pod-bit of small diameter. Quill-driver: (a) A clerk, (b) A contemptuous epithet for an author. "This most eccentric of quill-drivers gets up his facts in a slap-dash fashion."—Weekly Echo, Sept. 5, 1885. Quill-driving: Working with a pen: writing. "My fingers begin to ache with quill-driving— London Daily Telegraphy Oct. 14, 1885. Quilled (quilled), a. 1. Having quills. (Used in composition.) "A 8h&Tj)-quiUed porcupine." Shakesp.: 2 Henry FJJ, iii, 1. (Her.) A term applied in describing a feather when the quill differs in color from the rest. Quill ing (quill'ing), n. Small round plaits made in lace, tulle, or ribbon, lightly sewn down with an occasional backstitch, the edge of the trimming remaining in open flufre-like folds. Quill wort (quilFwftrt), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Isoetes. Qui na (qui'na), n. [See def.] An old name for quinine. Quin cun cial (quin-etin'shal), a. [Lat. quin- cuncialis% from quincunx (genit. quincnncis) = a quincunx.] (Bot.) (Of aestivation) Having five pieces, two exterior, two interior, and the fifth covering the interior with one margin and having its other margin covered by the exterior. Ex- ample, Rosa. Quin cun cial ly (quln-cuiVshal-ly ), adv. In a quincuncial manner or order; in manner of a quincunx. "All things are seen quincuncially."—Browne: Urn Burial, ch. iv. Quin cunx (kwln'kiinks), n. 1. (Astrol.) The position of planets when distant from each other five signs or 150°. 2. (Bot.) Quincuncial aestivation. Qui nine (qui'nine), n. (Med.) A quinine salt, particularly the sulphate. Qui nin ism (qul'nln-igm), n. (Med.) Cincho- nism; a state of the system induced by overdoses of quinine. Qui noid ine (qul'noid'Ine), n. (Chem.) Chinoid- ine; a bitter substance derived from quinine. Quin que nerved (quln'que-nfcrved), n. [Pref. quinque-, and Eng. nerved.] (Bot.) Having five nerves, all proceeding from the base. Quin quen ni um (quln-qu6n'nl-iim), n. [Lat., from quinque—five, and annus=a year.] A space or^period of five years. Quin tan (quln'tan), a. [Lat. quintanus, from quintus=fifth.] Happening or recurring every fifth day; as a quintan fever.—Dunglison. Quin tan (quintan), n. (Pathol.) An inter- mittent fever, of which the paroxysms return every fifth day. Quin tel (quin'tel), n. A quintain. Quin ter on (quin'ter-on), n. The same as Quintroon. Quin tette, Quin tet to (quin-t6tte', quin- tet'to), n. A quintet. Quin tic (quin tic), n. The same as Quantic. Quin tu pie (quin'tu-ple), a. (Bot.) Having as the arrangement five or a multiple of five. Quintuple-nerved, quintuple-ribbed: (Bot.) (Of a leaf) Having five nerves all proceeding from the base of the lamina. Qui po (ke'po), n. The same as Quipu. Qui pu, Qui po (kl-pci', ki-po7) n. [Peruv. quipo = a knot.] (Anthrop.) An instrument used for reckoning or recording events, the invention of which is ascribed to the Emperor Suy-yin, the Prometheus of China. The Chinese are said to have used them till they were super- seded by the art of writing. The quipu has been found In Asia, Africa, Mexico, among the North American Indians, but in Peru quipus served as the regular means of record and communication for a highly-organized society. (See extract.) " The quipu is a near relation of the rosary and the wampum string. It consists of a cord with knots tied in it for the purpose of recalling or suggesting something to the mind. When a farm- er's daughter ties a knot in her handkerchief to remember a commission at market by, she makes a rudimentary quipu. . . . Von Tschudi describes them as consisting of a thick main cord, with thinner cords tied onto it at certain distances, in which the knots are tied. The length of the quipus varies much, the main trunk being often many ells long, sometimes only a single foot, the branches seldom more than two feet and usually much less. . . . The cords are4 often of various colors, each with its own proper meaning, red for soldiers, yellow for gold, white for silver, green for corn, and so on. This knot- writing was especially suited for reckonings and statistical tables; a single knot meant ten, a double one a hundred, h triple one a thousand, two singles side by side twenty, two doubles two hundred. Quir ite (quir'ite), n. One of the Qui rites, or Roman citizens. Qui ri tes (qui-rl'tSs), n. pi. [Lat. ] (Rom. Antiq.) The name assumed by the ancient Romans, after they and the Sabines had been united into one community under Romulus. Quit (quit), v. t. Syn.—See Leave. Quite (quite), adv. Syn.—Quite, Considerable. Quite may be used before an adjective but not before a noun: as, "He is quite poor." It would be incorrect to say, "He has quite a quantity of wheat in his granary;" "His father left him quite a fortune." Say, "a considerable quantity;" "a considerable fortune."—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. "Notation: a, 6,1, 0, ta, y, long; a, 6,1, 6. f, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link;" th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.QUIXOTICALLY 651 QUOTHA Quix Ot ic al ly (quix-dt'lc-al-ly)* adv. In a quixotic manner; in a mad or absurdly romantic manner. Quiz (quiz), v. t. To look at through, or as through, a quizzing-glass; to peer at; to eye in a suspicious manner. "The person in question was quizzing him."— Dickens; Sketches by Boz; Parliament. Sketch. Quiz zisni (quiz'zlsm), n. The manner or habits of a quiz; the act or practice of quizzing. Quod (qudd), v. i. Quoth. [O&s.] Quod cly (qufid'dy), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A kind of scaled herring, cured in North America by being smoked and salted.—Simmonds. Quoll (qu611), n. [Native name (?).] (Zool.) Dazyurus macrurus, a predatory Australian marsupial, about the size of a cat. Quon dam (quftn'dam), n. A person formerly in an office; one who has been put out of an office. [Rare.] "I would not have them made quondams if they discharge their office."—Latimer: Fourth Ser- mon bef. King Edward. Quo ta tion ist (quo-ta'tion-Ist), n. One who quotes; one who makes quotations. "Considered not altogether by the narrow in- tellectuals of quotationists and common places." —Milton: On Divorce; To the Parliament. Quote (quote), v. t. Syn.—Quote, Cite. To cite is literally to call as a witness, and, in its literary sense, to call in the words of another in aid of one's own. In this way it becomes a synonym with quote. To cite an author, and to quote ui author have practically nearly the same mee fl- ing; but we use the term cite when the mind dwells primarily upon the matter imported; quote, when we think of the precise words. To cite Shakespeare as an authority does not im- ply so exact a reproduction of his words as tlie term quote, for we may cite roughly, but we are bound to quote exactly. Quoth, a (quOth'a), interj. [For quoth a, in which a is for I or he. J Forsooth, indeed. Notation; a, 6,1, 0, Q, y, long; a, 6,!, 6, ti, jf, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rijde* push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; gh as sh; e, ch, ask; g as j, g as in get; § as z; sasgz; o as in lioger, lijjk; th as in thine. Myon this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.QUA 652 QUAETERING Q. f\UA (kwfi), adv. [Lat.J In the ^uality or ohar- acter of; as being; in that; as; as, an ezeoutor qi'ta next of kin to a deceased person ; he spoke not qua a public official, but qua a private person. Quab (kw6b), n. 1. [Comp. D. kwab, kwabbe, Dan. qvabbe. an eel-pout; G. quappe, quabbe, a tadpole, an eel-pout.3 An old name for some kind of fish ; an eel-pout, or the bull-head or miller's thumb. Minshew. 2* [Probably for sguab.] A squab or young un- fledged bird; hence, anything immature, unfinish- ed, or crude. 1A scholar's fancy, a quab.* Ford. Qua-blrd (kwft'b&rd), ». (Ornith.) A kind of heron occurring in the Southern States of America; the night-heron: so called from its cry. Quack hood (.kwSk'hud), n. Quackery. [R.J New forms of Quackhood. Carlyte. ^Quack sal vlng (kw&k'sal-ving), a. Quack. Quacksalving terms. Mlddleton. Quad fkwttd), n. 1. (Print.) A colloquial contrac- tion of Quadrat. 2« (.ArcA.* [Oontr. for quadrangle. 1 The quad- rangle or court, as of a college or jail; hence, a prison ; a jail; quod. Trollope. Qua der-sand stone (kwd^der-sSnd'stOn), ) Qua der-sand stein (kw&'der-sflnd'stln). ) [Q. quader-sandstein, lit. square-sandstone.] (Oeol.) A name given by the Germans to the principal rooks of their cretaceous system. The rock is soft, ' but well adapted for building purposes. Quad ra ble (kwOd'ra-bl), a. Capable of being squared; reducible to an equivalent square : ap- plied to a surface when the area bounded by a curve oan be exactly determined and expressed in a finite number of algebraic terms. Quad rant(kw6d'rant),n.—Quadrant electrometer, an electrometer invented by Sir W. Thomson, which enables small degrees of electricity to be measured with great precision. Quad rat (kwOd'rat), ». (Print.) A piece of type- metal cast lower than a type, nsed for filling out spaces between letters, words, lines, etc., so as to leave a blank space on the sheet over which it is placed. Quadrats are of different sizes; as, m-quad- rats, n-quadrats, etc.: spelled also quadrate. Quad rate (kwrid'rat), a.—Quadrate bone (ZoOl.), a name given to the special bone by tbe intervention of whioh the lower jaw of birds and reptiles articu- lates with the skull, thus distinguishing them from toammals, in whom the lower jaw articulates direct- ly. Called also Os quadratum. Quad rate (kwOd'rflt), v. t. To trim a ship's gun on its carriage and its trucks ; to adjust a gun for firing on a level range. Quad rate (kwOd'rat), n. (Print.) See Quadrat. Quad rat Ic (kwod-r&t'io), n. 1. A quadratio equa- tion. 2. pi. That branch of algebra which treats of quadratio equations. Harris. Quad relle (kwod-rSl'), n. [Fr.] An iron mace with a head of foilr projections, carried at the sad- dle-bow, in the fifteenth century. The figure re- presents a quadrelle of the time of Edward IV. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 9. Quad rennl um(kwod-rSn'i-ura),n. [Lat. quatuor, four, and annus, a year.] A term of four years. Quad rlc (kwOd'rik), n. [Lat. quadrus, square.] (Alg.) A homogeneous expression of the second de- gree in the variables or facients. Ternary and qua- ternary quadrics, equated to zero, represent re- spectively curves and surfaces which have the property of cutting every line in the plaue or in space in two points, and to which the name quadric is also applied. Plane quadrics, therefore, are identical with the oonic sections, and admit of three principal forms, the ellipse, hyperbola, and parab- ola ; eubforms of whioh are the circle, a pair of in- tersecting, and a pair of coincident lines. Brande <& Cox. Quad rl cos tate (kwttd,ri-k8s'/tat orkw5d"ri-k5s'- tat), o. [Lat. prefix quadrus=quatuor, four, and costa, a rib.] Furnished with four ribs. Quad rl en nl um u tl le (kwOd'H-Sn'^-um tj'- ti-16), n. [Lat.J (Soofs Law.) The four years al- lowed after majority, within which an action of re- duction of any deed, done to the prejudioe of a minor, may be instituted. Quod rl gem 1 nous(kw5d/ri-jgm//in-fis),a. [Lat. quadrigeminu8, fourfold—prefix quadrus=quatuor, four, and geminus, born with another.] Fourfold; having four similar parts: specifically (yinaf.), a term applied to four tubercles situated on the upper part of the posterior surface of the brain. Quad rl gland u lar (kw5d'ri-giand"u-ler), a. [Lat. prefix quadrus=quatuor, four, and Eng. glandular. 1 Having four glands. Quad rl 111 late (kwOd'ri-hl' lat), a. [Lat. prefix quadrus—quatuor, four, and hilum."] (Bot.) Having four apertures, as is the case in certain kinds of pol- len. Quad rl lam 1 nar (kw8d'ri-lftm"i-ner), o. [Lat. prefix quadrus, four, and Eng. laminar.] Having or consisting of four laminte. Qua drllle (kwa-dr!l' or ka-drTl')i The music composed for tbe dance called quadrille. Qua drllle (kwa-dril' or ka-drlT), v. i. 1. To play at quadrille. 2. To dance quadrilles. Moore. Quad rl loge (kw6d'ri-15j), n. [Lat. prefix quad- rus=quatuor, four, and Gr. Aoyos, discourse.] 1* A book written in four parts, as Childe Har- old. 2. Any narrative depending on the testimony of four witnesses, as the four Gospels. 3* Any work oompiled by four authors. Brewer. [R. in all senses.] Quad rl pen nate (kw8d'ri-p6n"at), a, [Lat. prefix quadrus—quatuor, four, and penna, a wing.] (Entom.) Having four wings. Quad rl pen nate (kw6d'ri-pSn"at), n. (Entom.) One of a section of insects destitute of elytra and having four wings. Quad rip 11 cat ed (kwod-rlp'li-kat-ed),) a. [Lat. Quad rip 11 cate (kwod-rlp'li-kat), J prefix quadrus, four, and plica, a fold.] Having four plaits or folds. Quad rl sac ra ment al 1st (kwdd 'rl-sJk' ra- mgn^tal-ist), n. [Lat. prefix quadrus, four, and Eng. sacramental.} (Eccl.) A disciple of Melanch- thon, who allowed the four sacraments of baptism, the eucharist, penance, and holy orders. Quad rlv a lent (kwod-rlv'a-lent), a. [Lat. Quad- rus=quatuor, four, and tmiens, valentis, ppr. of valeo, to be worth.] (Chem.) Applied to an atom the equivalence of whicb is four, or an element one atom of which is equivalent, in combination, to four atoms of hydrogen; tetradic ; tetratomio. Quad rum (kwOd'rum), n. [Lat., something square.] (Mus.) Same as Natural. Quad ru man (kwOd'rO-man), ) n. (ZoOl.) One Quad ru mane (kwOd'rft-man), J of tbe Quadru- mana ; an animal having four limbs or extremities terminated by hands, as monkeys, apes, baboons, lemurs, etc. Quad ru pie (kwOd'rO-pl), a.—Quadruple counter- point (Mus.), the construction of four melodies, as parts to be performed together, in such a manner that they can be interchanged without involving the infringement of the laws of musical grammar. Quad ru plex (kwQd'rO-pleks or kwod-rO'pleks), a. HLat. Quadrus—quatuor, four, and plico, to fold/) Fourfold. Quafr(kw?f or kwflf), n. A quantity of liquor drunk at once; a draught. Now Alvida begins her quaff. Greene. Quak er-bird (kw5k'er-b6rd), n. (Ornith.) A name given to a species of albatross (Diomedea fuliginosa), chiefly found within the Antarctic cir- cle, and so called on acoount of the prevailing brown color of its plumage. Quak er ess (kw5k'er-es), n. A female Quaker. Quak ers-and-Shak ers (kwak"erz-and-8hak'- erz), n. (Bot.) A species of quaking-grass, Briza- media. Quak er y t (kwSk'er-i), n. Quakerism. Hallywell. Quake-tall (kwSk'tai), n. (Ornith.) The yellow wagtail: so named from its habit of constantly moving its tail. [Local. Eng.] Qual 1 ta tlve ly (kwOl'i-ta-tlv-li), adv. In a qual- itative manner ; as regards quality. Prof. Tyndall. Qual 1 ty (kw01'i-ti), n.—Quality of estate (Law.), tbe manner in which the enjoyment of an estate is to be exercised during the time which the right of enjoyment continues. Qualm t (kwftm), n. Sickness; disease; pestilence. Chaucer. Qualm (kwfim), v. i. To feel faint or sick; to feel compunction or remorseful uneasiness. Let Jesse's so v'reign flow*r perfume my qualming breast. Qnarles. Quan dang (kwan'dang), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of Santalum acuminatum, a species of sandal- wort. Treas. of Bot. Quan da ry (kw5n'da-ri or kwon-dft'ri), v. i. To be in a difficulty or uncertainty; to hesitate. He quandaries whether to go forward to God, or, with DemaB, to turn back to the world. Rev. T. Adams. Quan net (kwOn'et or kwSn'et), n. A kind of file,' especially used for scraping zinc plates for the proc- ess denominated anastatic printing. Ure. Quan tic (kwOn'tik), n. [Lat. quantus, how much.] (Math.) A rational integral homogeneous function of two or more variables. They are classified ac- cording to their dimensions, as quadrio, cubic, quartio, quintio, etc., denoting quantities of the second, third, fourth, fifth, etc., degrees. They are further distinguished as binary, ternary, quater- nary, etc., according as they contain two, three, four, etc., variables. Quan tl ta tlve ly (kwOn^ti-tflt'Iv-li), adv. In a quantitative manner. Quan |l ty (kwOn'ti-ti), n.—Quantity and tantity% terms employed by Mr. James Mill in his Elements of the Human Mind, as correlative ; the Latin term, quantus, how much, being answered by tantus, so much. Quan tlv a lence (kwon-tlv'a-lens^n. [Lat. quan- tus, how much, and valeo, to have power, to be strong.] (Chem.) The combination of elements in multiple proportions ; the number of atoms of hydro- gen or of chlorine which an element or radicle can take up or be combined with. Quan tlv a lent (kwon-tlv'a-lent), a. Of or re- lating to quantivalence. Quarl (kworl), n. [G. qualle.] (Ichth.) A name given to the jelly-fish; a medusa. Quar rel et (kwOr'el-et), n. [Dim. of quarrel, a bolt, etc.] A small square or lozenge-shaped piece ; a small quarrel. [R.j To part her lips, and showed them there The quarrelcts of pearl. Herrick. Quar rl a ble (kw8r'i-a-bl), a. Capable of being quarried. 1 Quarriable rock.' Emerson. Quar ry-slave (kwOr'i-siav), n. A slave compelled to work in a quarry. Bryant. Quar ry-wa ter (kwOr^i-wa'ter), n. The water contained in the substance of a stone newly quar- ried, but which becomes evaporated as the stone is exposed to the air, leaving in the minute pores the mineral matter it held in solution. Quart»bot tie (kw'ftrf'bOt'l), n. A bottle nominal- ly containing a quarter-gallon, that is, two pints. Quarte (k&rt), n. One of the four guards in fenc- ing; a corresponding position of the body, also, a thrust in fencing. Quarter (bwar'ter), n.—Quarter-board (Naut.), one of a set of tbin boards, forming an additional height to the bulwarks at the after-part of a vessel. They are also called Top-gallant bulwarks.—Quar- ter-boat (Naut.), auy boat hung to davits over a ship's quarter.—Quarter-bred, having only one- fourth good blood: eaid of horses, cattle, etc.— Quarter-cleft, said of timber cut from the center to the circumference. This section, by runoing par- allel to the medullary plates or 'silver grain,' shojro the wood to great advantage, particularly oak.— Quar ter-decker (Naut.), a sarcastic title applied to an officer who is more remarkable for etiquette than for a knowledge of seamanship. — Quarter-evil, a disease of cattle; black-quarter.—Quarter-guard (Mil.), a small guard posted in front of each battal- ion in camp.—Quarter-look, f a quick side-look or side-glance. B. Jonson.—Quarter-man, a foreman employed in the royal dockyards under the master- shipwright, to superintend a certain number of workmen. [Eng.]—Quarter-netting (Naut.), netting on the quarter for the stowage of hammocks, which, in action, serve to arrest bullets from small arms. —Quarter-pace, the name given to the foot-pace of a staircase, when it occurs at the angle-turns of the stairs.—Quarter-partition (Carp.), a partition con- sisting of quarters.—Quarter-seal, the seal kept by the director of the Chancery of Scotland. It is in the shape and impression of the fourth part of the great seal, and is in the Scotch statutes called the testimonial of the great seal. Gifts of lands from the crown pass this seal in certain cases. Bell.—Quar- ter-stanchion (Naut.), a strong stanchion {.n the quarters of a square-sterned vessel, one of which forms the extreme boundary of the stern on either side.—Quarter-timber (Naut.), one of the framing- timbers in a ship's quarters.—Quarter-wind( Naut.), a wind blowing on a vessel's quarter.—On the quar- ter (Naut.), in the direction of a point in the hori- zon considerably abaft the beam, but not in the di- rection of the stern. * i Quar ter Ing (kwar'ter-ing), p. a. (Naut.) fa) Sailing large, but not before the wind. Totten. (b) Being on the quarter, or between the line of the keel and the beam, abaft the latter; as, a quartering wind. JDana.j Oh, chaing, po; j,Job; ng, sing: Oil this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. th. thed • th. thin • w, wig; wh, whig; zh,azurei, oo, food; oi, oil; on, pound. phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-QUARTERING Quarter Ins (kwftr'ter-ing), n. (Gun.) A term applied when a piece of ordnance is so traversed that it will shoot on the same line, or on the same point of the compass, whereon the ship's quarter has its bearing. Quar terly (kw^r'ter-li), adv.—Quarterly pierced (Her.), perforated of a square form in a saltier, cross, moline, etc., through which aperture the field is seen. Quar ter mas ter-ser geant (k«r§r"ter-mas'ter- sftr'^ent or-sdr^jent), nr. (Mil.) A non-commis- sioned officer in each regiment or company whose duty it is to assist the quartermaster. Quar tet to (kw^r-tet'to), n. [It.] Same as Quar- tette. Quar tl ster nal (kwar'ti-st6r//nal), n. [Lat. quar- tu8, fourth, and sternum.] (Anat.) The fourth os- seous portion of the sternum, corresponding to the fourth intercostal space. Dungliaon. Quar to (kw8r'to),». fFencing.) See Carte. Quar to-dec ii mail (kwar'to-des'l-man), n. One of the Quarto-decimani. Quar to-dec I ma nft (kw§r/to-d8s/i-ma//nI), n.pl. [Lat. quartus, fourth, and decimus, tenth.j (Eccl. Hist.) A name given in the eecond century to cer- tain Christians who, in accordance with the custom of the Jews, celebrated Easter on the fourteenth day of the paschal moon, whether that day fell on a sabbath or not. This practice was finally condemned by the Council of Nice, a. d. 325. Galled also Quat- rodeoimani and Paachites. Quart-pot (kw§rt'p5t), ». A pot or drinking ves- sel containing a quart. Quartz (kwartz), n.—Quartz-crusher, a machine for pulverizing quartz, so as to facilitate the extraction of gold.—Quartz-mills a mill for crushing quartz.— Quartz-rock (Min.)t a stratified granular-crystalline metamorphic rock, consisting eutirely, or almost entirely, of quartz. It is generally of a grayish, or pinkish-gray, color from a slight trace of iron.— Quartz-sinter (Min.), siliceous sinter. Quartz It ic (kw^rtz-lt'lk), a. Of, pertaining to, or containing, quartzite. Quas chi (kw3s'chi), n. See Quasje. Qua si (kwS'si). [Lat.] A* if .-Quasi-radiate (Bot.), slightly radiate: a term applied to the heads of some composites, whose ray-florets are small and inconspicuous.—Quasi-realty (Law), things which are fixed in contemplation of law to really, but mov- able in themselves, as heir-looms, title-deeds, court- rolls, etcr Wharton.—Quasi-tenant (Law), an un- dertenant who is in possession £t the determination of an original lease, and is permitted by the rever- sioner to hold over. Wharton. — Quasi-trustee ( Law), a person who reaps a benefit from a breach of trust, and so becomes answerable as a trustee. Wharton. Quasi mo £o ( kwSs'l-mO " do ). [lat.] (Rom. Cath. Calendar.) A term applied to the first Sunday after Easter: so called because the introit for that day begins with the words 4 Quasi modo geniti in- Quas je (kwfc'jS), ». (ZoOl.) The native name of the brown coati or coatimondi (Nasua narica), called also Narica. It is a very amusing little ani- mal, and possesses singular powers of nose and limb. Called also Quaschi. J. G. Wood. Quass (kwfis), n. Same as Quas. r)% four, and feuille (Lat. folium)% a leaf.] 1. (Arch.) A piercing or panel divided by cusps or foliations into four leaves, or more correctly the leaf-shaped figure formed by the cusps. Called also Quarter-foil. 2. (Her.) Four-leaved grass; a frequent bearing in coat-armor. -Quat ro-dec 1 ma nl (kw5t/ro-dSs/i-m5//ni),». pi. See qtjabto-decimani. •Quat tro cen to (kwft'tro-chSn^tO), n. and a. [It. quatro, four, and cento, a hundred. Lit. four-hun- dredth, but used for fourteen-hundredth.] (Fine Arts.) A term applied to the style of art which pre- vailed in Italy in the fifteenth century, character- ized by hardness and rigidity in manner, and posi- tlveness in coloring, but also by richness of senti- ment. 653 Qne bee (kwe-bSk')» a. (Amer. Geol.) A term used to designate the second epoch of the Canadian peri- od, the rocks of which consist of limestones, shales, and sandstones. It corresponds to the Cambrian or Lower Silurian system: so named because the rocks characteristic of the period occur largely near Quebec. Que bec-oak (kwe-bSk'Gk), n. (Bot.) Quercus alba, an oak used for ship-building and for other purposes. Queen (kwSn), n. 1. A female who is chief or pre- eminent among others; one who presides; as, queen of beauty; queen of love ; queen of May. 2, (Slating.) A slate 3 feet long and 2 feet wido. —Queen of the meadows (Bot.), meadow-sweet, a plant of the genus Spiraea, the flowers of which are sometimes used for flavoring wifie. Qu^en-concli (kwSn'kSnk), ». (Conch.) A large univalve shell (Strombos gigas), found in the West Indies, and much used, when finely pulverized, in making porcelain. Called also Fountain-shell. Queen-cake (kwCn'kak), ». A kind of rich cake. Queen dom (kwSn'dum), to. The condition or character of a queen ; queenly rule, power, or dig- nity. 4 Will thy queendom all lie hid ?' E. B. Browning. Queen liood (kwCn'hyd), to. The state or rank of a queen ; the quality or character becoming a queen. 'And with all grace of queenhood answer'd him.' Tennyson. Queen Ing (kwSn'ing), n. A species of winter ap- ple. The winter queening is good for the table. Mortimer. Queen Ite (kwGn'It), n. A partisan of Queen Caroline iu her quarrels with her husband George IV. 4 Some very great patriots and QueenitesS Southey. Queen let (kwSn'let), to. A petty or insignificant queen. 4 Kinglets and queenlets of the like temper.' Carlyle. Queen like (kwSn'lIk), o. Resembling a queen. ' The queenlike Cluyd.' Drayton. Queen 11 ness (kwSn'li-nes), to. The state or con- dition of being queenly; the characteristics of a queen ; queenly nature or quality ; dignity ; stateli- ness. Queen-wood (kwBn'wud), to. A name sometimes given to woods of the greenheart and cocoa-wood character, imported from the Brazils. Weale. Queer (kw6r),n. A term applied to counterfeit mon- ey. [Slang.] —To shove the queer, to pass counterfeit money. Queer (kwSr), v. t. To banter or play upon ; to rid- icule; to deride or sneer at. 4 Who queer a flat.' [Slang.] Byron. Queer I ty (kwSr'i-ti),». [Formed on type of oddi- ty.] Queerness. [R.j A visible queerity in his aspect. Steele. Queez-mad dam (kwez^mSd'am), to. [Fr. cuisse- madameJ] The cuisse-madam, a French jargonelle pear. Sir W. Scott. Quell (kwgl), ». Power or means of quelling or sub- duing, [Poet, and R.] Awfully he [Love] stands, A sovereign quell is in his hands. Keats. Quench-coal (kwSnch'kOl), n. That which quench- es or extinguishes fire: applied figuratively to a cold, heartless professor of religion. You are quench-coal. Daniel Rogers. Quenelle (ke-nSl'), to. [Fr.] (Cookery.) A fine flavored kind of force-meat, used in preparing en- tries and the like. Quenoullle (ke-nO'ye), to. [Fr., a distaff.] A fruit- tree shaped like a distaff or a pyramid.—Quenouilte training, a manner of training trees or shrubs in a conical form, with their branches turned downward, so that they may assume the form of a distaff. Quer cet Ic (kwer-s8t'ik), a. (Chem.) Produced from quercetin ; as. quercetic acid. Quer ci tan nlc ( kw6r'si-tan "ik), a. ( Chem.) Same as Tannic. Quer cite (kwfcr'slt),-to. (Chem.) (C6H]0O.5.) Asac- charine substance derived from acorns. It belongs to the group of the starches. Querl (kwfcrl), n. A coil; a curl; a twirl; a twi«". [U. S.] Ques tus (kwSs'tuB), n. [Lat. queestve, gain:] (Law.) Land which does n">i descend by hereditary right, but is acquired by one's own labor and indus- try. Queue (ktl), v. t. To tie or fasten ky a queue or pigtail. Their hair generally queued i» the fashion of the times. Irving. Queued (kfld), a. {Her.) Tailed.— Double queued, having a double tail, as a lion. Such a tall is not unfrequently placed saltire. ' Quick (kwik), to. and a.—Quick-hatch (ZoOl.), a name of the wolverine (Gulo luscus).—Quick-hedge, a live fence or hedge; a quick.—Quick-march (Mil.), a march at the rate of 3£ miles an hour, or 110 paces (275 feet) a minute. Called also Quickstep.— Quick-scented, having an acute perception by the nose ; of an acute smell. Hales. Quid-pro-quo (kwld'prO-'kwO). [Lat#] Some- thing given for something else*; a tit for tat. Spe- cifically (Law), the giving of one thing of equal value for another ; an equivalent: also, the mutual consideration and performance of both parties to a contract. QUINTILIAN Qui et (kwl'et), a. 1 • Retired; secluded; as, a quiet corner. 4 Seated on a quiet sofa.' MacmillanMag. 2, Free from fuss or bustle; without stiffness or formality. 4 A quiet cup of tea.' Dickens. 3. Not glaring or showy ; not such as to attract notice : as, quiet colors ; a quiet dress. Qui et en (kwl'et-n or kwl'tn), v. t. and i. To qui- et ; to calm; to pacify; to become quiet or still; as, the patient quietened after a time. Mrs. Gaskell. Qui et ism (kwl'et-lzm), n. The state or quality of jbeing quiet; quietness. , , To----overstep the limits of quietism. Godwin. Qui-liI ) (kw6-hl'), n. The sobriquet of the En- QuI-hye s glish stationed or resident in Bengal, the literal meaning being 4 Who is there?' It is the customary call for a servant, one always being in at- tendance, though not in the room. Quill (kwll), n. (Seal-engraving.) The hollow man- drel of the seal-engraver's lathe or engine. Quill (kwil), n.—Quill-nib, a small pen made from a quill, to be used in a holder.—Quill-work, orna- mental work made of or with quills. Qull la i-bark (kwil-a'6-bftrk), a. The bark of a South American tree of the genus Quillaja (Q. Sa- ponaria), belonging to the wing-seeded section of the Rosaceas. It is used to make a lather instead of soap when washing silks, woolens, etc. Called also Quillaja-bark. Qui nate (kwl;nat), n. (Chem.) A salt of quinio acid. Quince (kwtns), n.—Quince-seed, the seeds of the quince, used for making a gummy substance for imparting stiffness and gloss to the hair, as also a mucilage for chapped lips. Simmonds.—Quince- wine,. a pleasant beverage made of the fermented juice of the quince. Quin cunx (kwIn'kQnks), n. (Eccl.) A kind of rel- iquary or image shaped like a cross, consisting of five parts or panels of equal dimensions which can be closed up by folding them over the principal one. Quiv) Ic (kwtn'ik), a. (Chem.) Of or belonging to, or derived from, quinine; specifically applied to an acid, called also Kinic Acid% which has quinine for a base. Quin i cine (kwtn'i-sTn), n. (Chem.) (C2oH2*N202.) An alkaloid isomeric with quinine and quinidine, and produced by the molecular transformation of either of these bases. It is very bitter, possesses febrifugal properties, and turns the plane of polar- ization to the right.' Quinidine (kwtn'i-dln), n. (Chem.) (C20H24N2 02.) A base isomeric with quinine and oreurring associated with it in some cinchona bareg.'»The salts are febrifugal. Qui no a (kwi-nfl'a or ke-nO'a), n. (Bot.) A South American plant (Chenopodium Quinoa). The seeds, red quinoa, are used medicinally as an application for sores and bruises. Quill o gen (Jrwln'o-jen), n. [Eng. quinia, and Gr. yevos, birth.] (Chem.) A term applied to ahypo- tbetical element of cinchonio alkaloids. Quin o line (kwin'o-lTn), n. (Chem.) (C9H7N.) A liquid volatile base, formed artificially by distilling quinine, cinchonine, or strychnine, alougwith cauf- tio potash. It i^very bitter and strongly alkaline; and forms crystallizable salts with acids. Written also Chinoline. Qui nol o gist (kwi-nOl'o-jist), ». One skilled in quinology. Qui nol o gy (kwi-nSl'o-ji), n. That department of science which treats of quinine and other febri- fuge alkaloids. Quin one (kwIn'On), n. Same as Kinone. Quin que cos tate (kwTn/kwe-k5s//tafc), a. [Lat. quinque, five, and costa, a rib.J (Bot.) Five-ribbed. Quin quen ni ad ( kwin-kwSn'i-ad ), n. [Lat. quinquennium, a period of five years—quinque, five, and annus, a year.] A period of five years. Tennyson. Quin quev a lent (kwin-kwgv'a-lent),) a. [Lat. Quin quiv a lent (kwin-kwlv'a-lent), ) quinque, five, and valens, valentis, ppr. of valeo, to be worth. J (Chem.) That may be combined with or replaced by five atoms of hydrogen; possessing an equiva- lence of five. Quin qui no (kwln'kwi-no), n. (Bot.) A South American leguminous plant, the Myrospermum pe- ruiferum, which yields the balsam of Peru. Quin quiv a lent (kwin-kwlv'a-lent), a. See Quinquevauent. Quinsy-berry (kw!n//zi-bgr/ri), n. (Bot.) A name for the black-currant (Bibes nigrum), from its use in quinsy. Quin sy-wort (kwln'zi-w6rt), to, (Bot.) A herba- ceous plant of the genus Aeperula (A. cynanchica). It owes its specific as well as its popular name to its supposed efficacy in curing quinsy. Quint al (kwlnfal), n. A modern French measure of weight equal to 100 kilogrammes or 220*46 pounds avoirdupois. Quin tes sence (kwin-tSs'ens), n. (Old Chem.) A term applied to alcoholic tinctures or essences made by digestion at common temperatures or in the sun's heat. Quin tes sence (kwin-tgs'ens), v. t. To extract as a quintessence. [R.] Sylvester. Quin tette (kwin-tSt')* n. Same as Quintet. Quin til 1 an ) (kwin-tfl'i-an), n. (Eccl. Hist.) Quin till I an ) One of a sect of heretics in the second century, the disciples of Montanus, who Notation: a, 6,1,0, tl, long; a, 6,1, 5, tl, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, f§ll, f^st, cAre; h6r, mOve, or; b\|ll, Q, Fr.; h, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.QUINTISTEKN AL took their name from Quintilia, a lady whom i he had deceived by his pretended sanctity, and | whom they regarded as a prophetess. They made the eucharist of bread and cheose, allowed women to be priests and bishops, and decried water bap- tism as useless, since faith aloue was Fuflicient to save man as it did Abraham. Quln ti ster nal ( kwln'ti- stGr " nal), a. {Lat. quint us, fifth, and sternum. J (Anat.) The fifth os- seous portion of the sternum, corresponding to the fifth and sixth intercostal spaces. Quixi tole (kwlntol), n. [It. qutnro; Lat. quintus, fifth.] (AIus.) A group of five note? to be played in the time of four. Quiiize (kafiis)- )n. [Fr. quin&e, fifteen.] A game Quince (kwlns), ) of cards somewhat similar to vingt-un, only the object is to get a* near as possi- ble to the number of fifteen witboul exceeding it. Quir i na 11 a (kwlr'i-uir li-n), n. pi. [Lat. J An- nual feasts observed at Rome in honor of Komulus, who was also called Quirinua. Qui rl IIus (kwl-rl uus), n. An Italian warlike di- vinity, supposed to be the same as Mars. Quirk (kw6rk), v. t. To form or furnish with a quirk or channel. In Grecian architecture, ovolos and ogees are usually quirked at the top. Wcale. 654 Quirk y (\*er'ki), a. Full of quirks or subter- fuges; shifty; quibbling; characterized by petty tricks; as, a quirky attorney; a quirky question. Quirl (kw6rl), n. and v. Same as Querl. Qulsqicalis (.kwis-kwa'lis), n. [Lat. quis, who? and qualis, of what kind T When the genus was named it was uncertain to what class or order it be- longed. J (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Combretaceae, indigenous to tropical Asia and Af- rica. Quit (kwlt), n.—Double or quits, a term in gambling when the stake due from one person to another is either to become double or to be reduced to noth- ing in case of a oertain chance being favorable or unfavorable. Quit (kwlt), n. (Ornith.) A name given to many small passerine birds by the inhabitants of Jamaica and other West India islands, probably from their note. Quiz (kwlz), n. A toy in vogue about the begin- ning of the century Called also Bandelore. Quod (kwOd), n. [A form of quad, acontr. of quad- rangle.] A quadrangle, as of a prison, where pris- oners take exercise ; hence, u prison \ a jail. [Slang ] Fancy a not) like you being sent'to quod I Dibraeti. Quod (kwOd), v. t. To put in prison. [Slang.] Mayhew. QUYTE Quo jju re (kwO jtl'rS). [Lat.. by what right or ti- tle T] (Law.) A writ which formerly lay for him who had land wherein another challenged common of pasture, time out of mind, and it was to compel him to show by what title he challenged it. Wharton. Quoke 11 (kwOk), pret. of quake. Trembled ; shook. Quookf) Chaucer. Quot (kwflt), n. One-twentieth part of the movable estate of a person dying in Scotland, anciently due to the bishop of the diocese where he resided. Quot a bil 1 ty (kwOt/a-bU"i-ti), n. The capability or fitness for being quoted. Poe. Quo tl e ty (kwo-tl'e-ti), n. [Lat. guof,how many f] An epithet used to denote the relation of an object to number* or to the question 1 How many!' Worcester. Quo turn (kwO'tum), n. [Neut. of Lat. quotus% ! how much?] A quota; a share } a proportion. A very small quotum. Max Muller. Quyr boillet (kwer'boil), ) n. [Fr. cuir bouilU, Quyr boll© (kwSr'bOl), J boiled leather.] Leath- er made to assume any shape by soaking it in hot I water. When dry, it became so hard that it was of- | tun used in making armor. Quyr boll ly (kwSr'boii-ie"),«. See Quybboojls. I Quyte t (kw6t), v. t. To acquit; to pay. Chaucer. ch, c/iain; g, go\ j,Job; ng, sing\ th, f/ien; th, th\n\ w, toig; wh, u;Mg; zn, attire; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries,EAB 655 KAGr R. Rato (rab), n. A wooden implement used in mix- ing hair with mortar. Ra l>a to (ra-ba to), n. [Fr. rabat, from rabattre.] [Rabate, v.] A neck-band or ruff; originally the collar turned back. [Ofrs.] 44 Troth, I think, your other rabato were better." Shakesp.: Much Ado About Nothing, iii. 4. Stab bate (rab-bate'), v. t. To abate; to dimin- ish. [O&s.J Rabbet joint (rab'bet-joint), n. (Carp.) A mode of joining wooden stuff in which rabbets are made upon the edges of the boards, so as to overlap each other. Rab bit (rab bit), n. A horse which cannot al- ways be depended upon to run well. (Racing slang.) "Milan, though somewhat of a rabbit, as a horse that runs Mn and out,' is sometimes called."— Standard, Sept. 3, 1882. Rabbit-hutch. A hutch or box for keeping tame rabbits in. Rabbit-warren. A warren or piece of ground kept for the breeding and preservation of rabbits. Rab bit ry (r&b'blt-ry), n. A place for rabbits; a rabit-warren. 44 Every breeder should keep a stuffed hare in his rabbitry.—Field, March 20,1886. Rab ble (rab'ble), a. Pertaining to, or charac- teristic of a rabble; riotous, disorderly, tumultu- ous, low, vulgar, [.Rare.] "A low rabble suggestion.—North: Examen, p. 806. Rab ble (r&b'ble), v. t. 1. To assault in a rio- tous manner; to mob. 44 There was once a talk of rabbling him the fifth of November."—Scott: Fortunes of Nig el, ch. xxi. 2. To gabble or chatter incoherently. [06s.] 44 To rabble out the scriptures without purpose, rime, or reason.—Fox: Martyrs (an. 1555.) 3. To tumble, to crumple. 44 It looked as though it had been rabbled up tor the purpose.—Mrs. H. Wood: The Channings, p. 5. Rab doid ai (rab-dold'al), a. See Rhabdoidal. If For other words derived from the Greek not found under Ra, see Rha. Rab do man cy (r&b^do-m&n's#), See Rhab- domancy. Race (ra^e), v. t. 1. To cause to run swiftly; to cause to contend in a race; to drive swiftly in a trial or contest of speed. 2, To contend in a race with or against. Race (race), n. Race-cloth. (Man.) A cloth used in connection with race-saddles; it has pockets to hold the weights needed to meet the requirements of the rules of the race-course. Race-course, (a) The ground or path on which races are run. It is generally circular or eliptical in shape, (b) The canal along which water is conveyed to or from a water-wheel; a mill-race. Race-cup. A cup or piece of plato given as a prize for a race. Race-glass. A field glass. Rac e mose (r&^e-mose), a. [Lat. racemosus; Fr. racdmeux; Sp. and Port, racimoso; Ital. race- moso. 1. Resembling a raceme; growing in the form of a raceme. 2. Bearing flowers in the form of racemes; racemiferous. Ra cem u lose (ra-Qem'a-lOse), a. (Bot.) Pro- ducing very small racemes. Ra cer (ra'ger), n. 1. An animal or thing kept for racing, as a race-horse, a racing yacht, bicy- cle, &c. 2. (Zo6l.) Ophibolus getulusi an American snake, black in color, and with a slender body. So called because it glides very quickly. Ra chis (ra'chis), n. (Compor. anat.) (a) The spine, either of man or of the lower vertebrates. (b) The central portion of an odontophore. Ra ©i ly (ra'si-iy)* adv. In a racy manner. Rack (r&ek), n. [For wreck.] Wreck, ruin, des- truction; now used only in the phrases to go to rack, to go to rack and ruin. Rack (rack), n. Rack-block. (Naut.) A range of sheaves cut in one piece of wood for running ropes to lead through. Rack-saw. A saw with wide teeth. Rack-tail. (Horol.) A bent arm con- nected with the toothed segment-rack, by which the striking mechanism of a repeating clock is let off. Rack et (raek'et) n. To be (or go) on the racket: To go on the loose; to be dissipated. [Slang.] 44 He had been off on the racket, perhaps for a week at a time."—London Daily Telegraphy Nov. 16, 1885. To stand the racket: To take the consequences; to be responsible; to put up with. 44 He is as ready as myself to stand the racket of subsequent proceedings."—London Daily Tele- graph, Sept. 8, 1882. Rack et (racket), n. 1. A broad shoe or patten made of wood, and fastened to a horse's hoofs to enable him to step on marshy or wet ground. 2. (Ornith.) A spatule (q. v.) Racket-court, Racket-ground. A court or area in which the games of rackets is played.. 44 The area, it appeared . . . was the racket- ground."—Dickens: Pickwith, ch. xli. Racket-tails. (Ornith.) The genus Steganura, so called because the tail terminates in a spatule. Rack ing can (r&eking-c&n), n. 1. A vessel used to clear wine from the lees. 2. (Metall.) A can filled with sour beer, in which wire is steeped before drawing. Ra CO vi an (ra-eo'vi-an), a. [From Racovia, the Latin name of Racow, a town of Poland, on the Czarna. It was built in 1569.] Of, or belonging to Rakow or the Racovians. Ra CO vi an (ra-cO'vI-an), n. A Socinian belong- ing to Racow, where that sect had a celebrated school or college. Racovian-catechism. (Theol., &c.) A catechism containing a popular exposition of the Socinian creed. Properly speaking there were two, a smaller and a larger, both published in Germany by Smalcius, the former in 1605, the latter in 1608. The larger one was translated into English in 1652, probably by John Biddle. Ra cy (raa. Syn.—Racy, Spicy. Racy re- lates originally to the strong, peculiar flavor which wines derive from the soil, hence it is applied to thoughts and language having a strong distinctive character; as, a racy speech, a racy remark. Spicy, which is primarily indicative of the aromatic flavor of spices, refers to a style which is sharp or pungent; as, a spicy editorial.— Fallows'' Synonyms Discriminated. Rade (rade), n. The same as Raid. Ra dean (ra-deau') (eau as o), n. [Fr., from Lat. rates—a boat, a raft.] A number of pieces of wood bound together to form a float; a raft. Ra di al (radi-al),a. 1. Of, or pertaining to a radius. 2. Resembling, or having the quality or appear- ance of a ray or radius; grouped or appearing like radii or rays; shooting out as from a centre. 44Radiolaria, so called from the radial arrange- ment of their pseudopodia."—Scriber's Magazine, June, 1877, p. 154. Radi ant (ra;di-ant). a. Radiant-flower. (Bot.) A compound flower in which the florets of the disc are long and spreading and unlike those of the ray. Radiant-heat. (Physics.) Heat radiat- ing from a heated body as distinguished from that transmitted by intervening media. Ra di ate (ra;di-ate),a. 1. (Min.) Having cry- stals or fibres diverging as from a centre. 2. (Zool.) Having the organs of circulation and sensation arranged circularly around a com- mon centre. Ra di ate ly (ra'di-ate-1^), adv. In a radiate man- ner; with rays or radiations from the centre. Ra di a tor (ra^di-a'tor), n. That which radi- ates; a body or substance from which rays radiate; specif., a chamber or drum in an apart- ment, heated by steam or hot air, and radiating warmth into the apartment. Rad i cal (rad'I-cal), a. 1. (Philol.) Belong- ing to or proceeding directly from a root; of the nature or character of a root; original primitive; not derived. t4A snbordinste part, indicating some modifica- tion or relation of a radical idea."—Whitney: Life and Growth of Language, ch. x. 2. (Politics.) Pertaining to, or characteristic of the political party known as radicals. Radical- pitch. The pitch or tone beginning the utterance of a syllable.. Radical-stress. The force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or word. Rad i eel, Rad i eel la (rad'i-pel, rad'i-cfil^la), n. [Mod. Lat. radicella, dimin. from radix. (Bot.) A very small root. Rad i cnle (radM-eale), n. (Bot.) The minute root of an embryo plant. Ra di o lite (rad'I-o-lite), n. [Eng. radi(us); o connect., and Gr. Ai0os (lithos)=a stone.] (Min.) A form of Bergmannite found in radi- ated masses and nodules at Eckefiord, Norway. Ra di OUS (ra'di-otis), a. [Lat. radiosus, from radius=a ray.] 1. Formed of rays, as light. [Bare.] 2. Bright, radiant. [06s.] 44His radious head with shameful thorns they tear."—Fletcher: ChrisVs Triumph over Death. Ra di US (ra'di-us), n. Radius of curvature of a curve at any point. (Geom.) The radius of the osculatory circle at that point. It is so called because its reciprocal is taken as the measure of the curvature at the point. Radi us-vec tor (ra^di-tis-vSe'tor),n. (Geom.) A straight line, or the length of such line, con- necting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point or pole, round which it revolves, and to which it serves to refer the successive points of a curve in a system of polar co-ordinates. Ra dix (ra'dix), n. (Bot.) The root of any plant. Ra du li form (ra-dft'll-fOrm), a. [Lat. radula and forma—form] (Zool. &c.) Shaped like a rasp: as, raduliform teeth. Ra er (ra'er). n. A cart railing. [Pro/. Eng."] Raf fle-net (raf'fle-nSt), n. A kind of fishing-net. Raf fle si a (raf-fi6/-§i-a), n. [Named after Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781—1826), lieut.- governor of Java, and afterwards of Bencoolen. (Bot.) The typical genus of Rafflesiace«e. The first and finest species discovered was Rafflesia Arnoldi, found by Raffles and Dr. Arnold in Su- matra in 1818. The flower (there is no stem) is more than a yard across, the lobes of the per- ianth a foot, the cup of a capacity to hold twelve pints, the estimated weight of the whole plant fifteen pounds. R. Arnoldi is parasitic on a Cissus, as is R. Patma from Java, where it is consicered a powerful styptic. Raft (raft), v. i. To form logs of timber into rafts, and float them away; to be engaged in rafting. Raft bridge (raft'-brjdge), n. (Hydr. Eng.). A bridge of expediency, where rafts are used as pontoons to support the beams and the track. Raft er (rafter), v. t. 1. To form into or like rafters. i 2. To furnish or provide with rafters. 41 No raftered roofs with dauc® and tabor sound."—Pope: Moral Essays, iii. 189. 3. (Agric,) To plow up one half of the land, by turning the grass-side of the plowed furrow on the land that is left unplowed. [Eng.] Rag (rag), n. 1. A provincial term for any rock deposit consisting of hard, irregular masses* as Kentish-rag, &c.; specif, ragstone. ,4A clump of sweet chestnuts . . . would have preferred more depth of soil and better rags."—Gardener's Chronicle, No. 407, p. 491 (1881). 2. A slang term for a common or low news- paper. 3. The curtain. [Theat. slang."] *4Poor Miss A. was left for quite a minute ere the rag could be unhitched and made to shut out the tragic situation."—Referee, June 20,1886. p. 2. Rag and Famish: The Army and Navy Club, so called from Ensign Rag and Captain Famish, two characters often occurring in Leech's Carica- "Notation: a, 6, l, 0, U, y, long; a, e, i, 6, ti, f, short; cftre, ffir, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; et i. o, silent; q as s; qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; g as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, lirjk; tfa as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.EAGE 656 RANNEE tures. [Eng.] Rag-engine. A machine in which rags are partially comminuted in paper manu- facture. Rag-fair, A fair or place where old clothes or cast off garments are sold. Rag-weed. (Bot.) (a) The herb ragwort. (b) Ambrosia trifiday an American plant, hog- weed. Rage (rage), n. The rage, All the rage: Some- thing eagerly sought or run after by a number of people; an object of general and eager desire or seeking; fashion, vogue. [Collog.] Rag ged (r&g'ged), a. Ragged-robin. (Bot.) Lychnis Flos-cuculi. The flowers are in loose dichotomous cymes; the petals four-cleft. Found in moist meadows, &c. "Pick'd a ragged-robin from the hedge."— Tennyson: Giraint and Enid. Ragged-schools. A name applied to institutions founded during the present century for the moral reclamation and Christian instruction of the juvenile and adult necessitous poor. The initiatory movement of Raikes at Gloucester was virtually a ragged-school crusade; but, more strictly, the earliest pioneers were T. Cranfield, who inaugurated the work in South London in 1810; John Pounds, who gathered a large class at Portsmouth, and died in 1839; and, in Scot- land, Dr. Guthrie (1805-73). Rag gy (r&g-gy), a. Ragged, rough, rugged, uneven. [Obs.] "Raggy, rugged rymes."—Drant: Horace; Ep. to Augustus. Rag ious (rag'iofis^a. Racing, furious, violent. [Obs.] Fisher: Seven Psalms, Ps. cxliii, pt. 2. Rag ious ness (ragious-ness), n. Fury, mad- ness. [06s.] "What a ragiousness is it, to set thy chastity common like an harlot."—Vives: Instruction of a Christian Woman, bk. iii, ch. vii. Raglan (r&g'lan), n. [After Lord Raglan, Com- mander-in-chief of the English Army in the Crimea.] A kind of loose overcoat, with very loose sleeves. Rail (rail), n. (Railways, &c.) One of the iron or steel bars laid parallel on a railway or train- way, and forming a smooth track for the wheels of a locomotive, carriages, cars, and wagons. Rail-car. A railway carriage. [77. £.] Rail- clamp. A railway-chair. Rail-coupling. (Rail- way). (a) A bar which ties the two lines of rails together, to prevent spreading. (b) A fastening plate for the abutting ends of two rails in a track. Rail way (railway), n. Railway plant. All the tools, locomotives, machinery, etc., used for making and working a railway. Railway print- ing machine. (Print.) A printing-machine in which the bed is carried by a truck upon a rail- way, being usually driven by a crank motion. Railway-saw. A sawing-machine in which tl:e saw-mandrel is mounted on a carriage which slides on ways. Railway-signal. [See Signal.] Railway-slide. A turn-table (q. v). Rain (rain), n. A ridge, a furrow, a limit. [Prov■ Eng. ] Rain bow (rainbow), n. Theoretically several bows may co-exist; generally, however, there is but one. Sometimes there are two, very rarely three or four—the largest number authentically on record. Every rainbow exhibits the pris- matic colors. When there are two bows, the lower, or primary, is very bright, and has the red highest; the outer, or secondary, is more faint, and has the violet the highest color. They are produced chiefly by the refraction and dis- persion of the light in passing through the rain- drops, partly also by its reflection from the back of the drops, without which the appear an ce-? would not reach the eye. -The secondary tow ceases to be visible when the sun is 64° above the horizon. Rain fall (rain'fall), n. A fall or shower of rnin ; the amount of rain which falls in a particu- lar district. "The course, owing to the recent rainfalls, was in splendid condition."—Daily Chronicle, Sept. 16, 1885. Rain less (rain'lfiss), a. Free from or without rain. " The next day was... dark, beclouded, yet rain- less.'1'1—C. Bronte: Villette, ch. xiii. Rain line (rain'llne), n. [,Shipbuild.] A small rope, or line, sometimes used to form the sheer of a ship, and to set the beams of the deck fair.— Weale. Rais able (rais'a-ble), a. That may or can be raised; capable of being raised. Rais ing (raising), p. a. (Raising-hammer.) [Metal-work.] A long-headed hammer with a rounded face, used by silver and copper smiths to convert a sheet of metal into a bowl-shape. (Raising-knife.) [Cooper.] A knife employed by coopers in setting up the staves in iorm for a cask. (Raising-plate.) [Carp.] That plate of a frame which rests on the vertical timbers and supports the heels of the rafters. Also called an Upper- plate. Rai son ne (ra'zo-na"), a. [Fr.] Supported by proofs, arguments, or illustrations; arranged and digested systematically: as, a catalogue ras- sonn6. Rake (rake), n, [Mining.] A rent or fissure in strata, vertical or highly inclined; a rake-vein. It is the commonest form of vein. Rake (rake), v. i. [Icel. reika; Sw. raka=to wander.] 1. To wander, to ramble, to range about. [Prov. Eng.] To fly wide of the game, (said of hawks.) Ra kee (ra-kee',) n. [Russ.] A coarse spirit, made chiefly in Russia from grain; common Rus- sian brandy. Rak er (rak'er), n. 1. One who raked and re- moved filth from the streets; a scavenger. (Obs.) 2. A machine for raking hay, straw, &c., by horse or other power. 3. A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's vessel. 4. (Steam.-eng.) A self-acting contrivance for cleaning the grate of a locomotive. 5. (Ichthy.) A rake-like organ, as the pharyn- geal bones of some fishes. (Dana.) Rake Stale (rake'stale), n. A rake-handle. " But that tale is not worth a rakestale." Chaucer: C. T., 6,531. Ral len tan do (ransn-tfin^do), adv. [Ital.] (Mus.) A direction that the time of the passage over which it is written is to be gradually de- creased. Ral li er (raVli-er), n. 1. One who rallies or reunites persons thrown into disorder. H. One who rallies another; a banterer. Ral ly (raFly), n. A gathering of people for a special purpose, such as celebrating a political victory, and the like; as, a Democratic or Repub- lican rally. Ram (rftm), n. 1. The hammer of a pile driver; a monkey. 2. The piston of a hydraulic press. Ra ma gious (ra-ma'gius), a. Belonging to the branches; flying amongst the branches; hence, wild, not tamed or trained. (Obs.) "As soon as she hath knit him that knot, Now is he tame that was so ramagious." Chaucer: The Remedy of Love. Ra ma ya na (ra'ma-ya^na), n. [Sansc.] (Hindoo Literature.) One of the two great In- dian epic poems. Its author was Yalmiki, of the aboriginal tribe of Kolis on the Bombay coast. It celebrates the exploits of Rama, king of Oude, who, aided by the Monkey-god Hunooman con- quered Ceylon, and brought back his queen, Sita, whom Rawana, the giant and tyrant of that island, had carried away. Ram berge (ram'bfcrge), n. [Fr. rame=an oar, and barge.] A long, narrow kind of warship, swift and easily managed. Ra me al, (ra7me-al), a. [Lat. rameuss from ramus—a branch.] The same as Rameous. Ra me an (ra'me-an), a. & n. [Ramism,] The same as Ramist. "The faults of the Ramean system of dialectics have long been acknowledged." McClintock & Strong: Cyclop. Bib. Lit., viii, 900. Ram i form (r&m'I-fOrm), a. [Lat. ramus—o. branch, and/orwa=form, shape.] (Bot.) Formed like a branch. Ra mfsm (ra'mlsm), n. [For etym. see def.] (Hist. & Philos.) The philosophical and dialec- tical system of Pierre de la Ramie (better known by hi8 Latinised name, Ramus), royal professor of rhetoric and philosophy at Paris. He was born in 1515, and was one of the victims of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew (1572). He was a strong op- ponent of Scholasticism, and of the dialectics of Aristotle. In his Institutiones Dialecticce (Paris, 1543) he attempted to provide a new system of logic, which, like Cicero, he strove to blend with rhetoric. That book formed the groundwork of the Logic published by Milton in 1672. "In England, Cambridge alone.. .was a strong- hold of Ramism."—Encyc. Brit. (ed. 9th), xiv. 803. Ra mist (ra'mist), a. Belonging to, or connected with Ramism (q.v.; Ramean. "Bacon.. .expounds the system of logic with unmistakable reference to the Ramist principles." —Encyc. Brit. (ed. 9th), xiv. 803. Ra mist (ra'mist), n, A follower of Ramus; a Ramean. "The controversy which raged between the Aristotelians and the total or partial Ramists."— Encyc. Brit. (ed. 9th), xiv. 803. Ram lime (ram'lme). n. [iVbrn#.] A line used in striking a straight middle line on a spar, being secured at one end and hauled taut at the other. Ram mel (ram'mel), 1. Rubbish. [Obs.] JJ. A lot of coarse flsh. [Prov. Eng.] Ramp, (ramp), n. 1. A romping woman; a mas- culine woman; a harlot.—[Vulgar.] 3. A highwayman, a robber.—[Prov. Eng.] Ramp ant (ramp7ant), a. (Rampant-arch.) [Arch.] (See extract). "When the extremities of an arch rise from supports at unequal heights, the arch is called rampant."—CasselVs Technical Educator, pt. x., p. 252. (Rampant-gardant.) [Her.] The same as rampant, but with the animal looking full- faced. (Rampant-passant.) [Her.] Said of an animal when walking with the dexter fore-paw raised somewhat higher than the mere passant position. (Rampant-regardant.) [Her.] Said of an animal in a rampant position and looking behind. Ramp art (ramp'art), n. (Rampart-gun.) [Ordn.] A large piece of artillery to be used on a rampart, and not for field purposes. Syn. Rampart, Bulwark. There is a distinc- tion between these words which is often disre- garded or overlooked. A bulwark is an outer work, erected for the defense of the rampart, which is the main line or work of defense sur- rounding a fortified place. Hence, we speak of the bulwark of liberty, of a state, of society, not the rampart.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Ram shack le (ram'shaek-le), a. [Etym. doubt- ful; prob. connected with shake.] Loose, dis- jointed; in a crazy state; in bad repair. [Prov. Eng.] "A ramshackle wagon, rough men, and a rougher landscape."—Athenaeum, April 1, 1882. Ram sliack le (ram'shaek-le) v. t.. [Ram- shackle, a.] To search, to ransack, to rum- mage. [Prov. Eng.] Ra na (ra'na), n. [Lat.] [Zo&l.] The typical genus of the family Ranidse with sixty species, absent only from South America and Australia. Ratio, temporaria is the common frog, and R. esculenta the Edible Frog. Ranch, Ranclie n. (ranch, ranche). [Sp. rancho.] The same as Rancho. "And other ranch territories."—London Daily Telegraph, Sept. 14, 1885. Ranch, Ranche (ranch, ranche), v. i. [Ranch s.] To keep a ranch or farm for the rearing of cattle and horses. "The profits upon ranching."—London Daily Telegraph, Oct. 3, 1885. Ranch man (ranch'm&n), n. The keeper or owner of a ranch. "The ranchmen of the Western territory."— London DaiJy Telegraph, Sept. 14, 1885. Ranch worn an (ranch1"wom7an), n. The wife of a ranchman. "A charming little ranchwoman—Scribner's Magazine, May, 1880, p. 127. Ran cor (ran'cor), n. Syn.—Rancor, Enmity. Both these terms imply hostility, but rancor is the stronger word,and denotes a species of bitter, deep-rooted enmity. Fallows' Synonyms Discrim- inated. Rand (r&nd), n. 1. A long fleshy piece of beef cut out between the flank and the buttock. [Obs.] "They came with chopping knives, To cut into rands." Beaum. & Flet: 'Wild-goose Chase, v. 2. SB. A thin inner-sole. [Simmonds.] Ran dan (ran;dan), n. [Etym. doubtful.] The produce of a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran of wheat. [Prov. Eng.] Ran don (rac'don), v. i. [Fr. randoner.] To stray or rove about at random. [Obs.] "Shall I leave them free to random at their will." Rane deer (rane'deer), n. The same as Rein- deer. [Rare] Rail gle (rftn gle), v. i. [A frequent, or dimin. from range, v.] To range or rove about. [Prov, Eng.] "They scaped best that here and thither ran- gled."—Harrington: Orlando Furioso, xiv. 56. Ra nine (ra'nine), a. [Lat. rana=a frog.] Per- taining or relating to a frog or frogs. Ranine- artery. (Anat.) A continuation of the lingual artery, which runs forward from the lower part of the tongue to its tip, with numerous branches. Ranine-vein. (Anat.) A small vein beneath the tongue in apposition with the ranine artery. Rank (rank), adv. Strongly, fiercely, violently. " Many iron hammers beating rank."—Spenser: F. Q. IV. v. 33. Ran nee (ran-nee', rft'nee), n. [Mahratta, Hind., etc.] A queen regnant; the wife of a king or rajah. (Anglo-Indian.) Notation: a, 6,1, 0, tl, y, long; a, 6, I, 6, ti, y, short; cftre,fftr, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fOr, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, rude, push; e, t, o, silent; $ as s; Qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; & as in linger, link; th as in thine. ffrSF'O'Q. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.& AN If EL 657 REAGREE Rannel (ran'nel), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A strumpet, a prostitute. [06s.] "She was not such a roynish rannel."—G. Harvey: Pierce's Supererogation, (1609.) Rail SOUl (ran som-blll), n. {Law) A war con- tract by which it is agreed to pay money for the ransom of properly captured at sea, and for its safe conduct into port. (Such a contract is valid by the law of nations.) Ranunculaceous (ra-mWett-Wceous), (ce as sh), a. Pertaining or relating to the Ranun- culacese or batter cups. Rap a ree (rap a-ree"), n. The same as Rappa- ree. Rape ful (rape'ful), a. Given to the violent in- dulgence of lust. "To teach the rapeful Hyeans marriage."— Byron"1 s Tragedy. Rape wine (rape'wine), n. A poor thin wine from the last dregs of raisins which have been pressed. (Simmonds.) Ra pile (ra'phe), n. [Gr. pa»7 (rhaphe) = a seam] (Anat.) a 6eam or longitudinal line dividing any- thing into two portions, as the raphe of the medulla oblongata, &c. Rapli II ite (r&ph/il-ite), n. [Gr. pai? (rha- phis)— a needle, and Ai'0os (lithos)=a, stone.] (Min.) A grayish-white, acicular variety of Trem- olite, occurring at Lanark, Canada. Rap in ©us (r&p'In-ous), a. Rapacious, plun- dering. "His rapanous deedes."—Chapman: Homer; Hymne to Hermes. Rap pel (rft-p-pfeV), n. [Fr. = a recall, from Lat. re-=back, again, and appello=to call.] (Mil.) The roll or beat of a drum for calling soldiers to arms. Rap pen (rftp'pen), n. [Fr.] A Swiss denomi- nation of money equivalent to the French cen- time. Rapt (r&pt), v. t. To carry away by violence. [O&s.] "Now as the Libyan lion...... Out-rushing from his den rapts all away."—Daw- iel: Civil war, vii. 96. Rapturize (rap'tCtr-lze), v. t. and i. [12are.] 1. To put into a state of rapture; to enrap- ture. 2. To become enraptured; to be transported. Rare (rare), a. Syn.—Rare, Scabce. We call a thing rare when only a few of the kind exist, or can be pr cured. We speak of a thing as scarce, which exists, or is to be had at the present time, in diminished quantities. Diamonds are rare "When they are compared with pebbles. They are scarce when there happen to be comparatively few in th<3 market. Thus rare bears reference to the intrinsic character of things; scarce, to their relation to circumstances and requirements. Scarce implies a previous plenty, which is not the case with rare. Ra sante (ra-z6ngt;), a. [Fr., pr. par. of raser =to shave.] (Fort.) A term applied to a style of fortification, in which the command of the works over the country is kept very low, so that the shot may sweep the ground with more effect. Rase (rage), v. i. To fall; to be thrown down; to suffer overthrow. Rash (rash), a. Syn.—Rash, Adventurous, Foolhardy. The rash man acts upon impulse, without due consideration; the foolhardy man rushes into danger, without regard to conse- quences; the adventurous man will expose him- self to risk or hazard, through a liking for that ■which is bold, or promises some adventure.— (Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated.) Rash ness (rash ness). Syn.—Rashness, Tem- erity. Rashness refers to the act: temerity, to the disposition. We show rashness in particu- lar actions; we show temerity in hasty decisions, conclusions, etc. We speak of an act of rashness, not of temerity.—(Fallows'1 Synonyms Discrimi- nated. Rash (rftsh), v. t. 1. To put together hastily or hurriedly; to prepare hurried'y " My former edition of Acts and Monuments, so hastily rashed up at that present."—Fox: Martyrs, p. 645. 2. [O. Fr. esracer; Fr. arracher = to tear up or away, from Lat. exradico = to eradicate.] To tear, pull, or pluck suddenly or violently; to snatch. "Hq rashed him out of the ssddle."—Arthur of Little Brytayne, p. 83 (ed. 1814). Rash ling (rash'ling), n. One who acts hastily or rashly; a rash person. [Obs.] " What rashlings doth delight, that sober men despise."—Sylvester: Du Bartas, p. 647. Rasse (rasse), n. [Javenese rasa = a sensation in the nose.] (ZoOl.) The Lesser Civet. Rat (rftt), n. 1. One who deserts his party (es- peceiaily in politics), as rats are said to forsake a falling house or a doomed ship. "He [Stafford] was the first of the rats, the firvt of those statesmen whose patriotism has been only the coquetry of political prostitu- tion.—Macauley: Essay; Hallam. 2. A workman who takes work for less than the regular wages current in the trade; also a workman w ho takes employment at an establish- ment where the regular hands have struck. 3. A braid of false hair used by ladies for dressing their natural hair. Rat a bil i ty (rat/a-bll//i-ty), n. The quality or state of being ratable. Rat a hie ness (rat'a-ble-nSss), n. The quality or state of being ratable; ratability. Ratchet (l-atchet), n. (Ratchet-brace.) A bor- ing-brace in which the spindle carrying the bit is rotated by means of a ratchet-wheel and a spring- pawl on a hand-lever. It is used for drilling a hole in a narrow plane, where there is not suffi- cient room to use the common brace. (Ratchet- drill. ) A dri 1 whose rotatory movement is de- rived from a ratchet and pawl actuated by a lever. (Ratchet-wrench.) A wrench operated by a ratchet and pawl, so that it may be turned con- tinuously without removal from the bolt or nut to which it is applied, by a backward and for- ward movement of the handle. Rate a hie (rate'a-ble), a. Ratable. Rate pay er (rate^pay'er), n. One who is as- sessed to pay rates. Rath, Rathe (rath), adv. Early, soon, be- times, speedily. " What aileth you so rathe for to arise!" Chaucer: C. T., 3,766. Rath ripe (rath'rlpe). Early ripe; ripe be- fore the season; rareripe. [Prov. Eng.] "Those hard ratheripe pease." Venner: Via Recta, p. 184. Rath ripe (rath'ripe), n. A rareripe. [Prov. Eng.] Ra ti O (ra'shi-o, or ra-sho), n. Ratio of a geometrical progression: The constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the succi eding one. To find the ratio of a given pro- gression, divide any term by the preceding one. Ratio of exchange: A phrase used in Political Economy to denote the proportion in which a quantity of one commodity exchanges for a given quantity of another. The expression can never be used with any degree of accuracy, except in those cases where the commodities are homo- geneous in quality, and susceptible of weight or measurement, as in the exchange of gold for sil- ver, copper, iron, etc., or that of wheat for bar- ley, oats, etc. (Bithel.) Ra tion (ra'tion), n. [Fr., from Lat. rationem, accus. of ratio = a calculation, a reckoning [Ra- tio]; Sp. radon, Ital. razione. ] A stated or fixed amoont or quantity dealt out; an allow- ance. Ra tion al (r&sh'un-al), a. Syn. See Reason- able. Ration al ize (rash'un-al-ize), v. i. To pro- fess, practice, affect, or aim at rationalism; to act or interpret in accordance with rationalism; to judge or estimate asa rationalist. "The chief rationalizing doctor of antiqiuty." —Newman: Devel. Christian Doct., ch. i. § iii. Ration ary (rash'un-a-ry), a- [Lat. rationa- rius, from ratio — a calculation ... a rea- son.] Pertaining or belonging to accounts. [Rare.] Raton (rat'onj, n. A rat. [06s.] Ra toon (ra-toon'), v. i. To sprout or shoot up from the root, as the sugar-cane. Rat tail (rat tail), a. Resembling a rat's tail in shape. Rat-tail file: A small tapering file, cir- cular in its transverse section. Rat tan (rat-tan'), n. The same as Ratan. Rattle (rattle), n. A peculiar rattling sound heard in the throat, immediately preceding and prognosticating death. Commonly called the Death-rattle. To spring a rattle. To make it pound. Rat tie box (rat'tle-bflx), n. A child's toy, con- sisting of a case of wicker-work or other mater- ial, and enclosing small pebbles or other objects which produce a rattling sound. "Thou shakest in thy little hand The coral rattle with its silver bells.1' —Longfellow: To a Child. Rat tie brained (rat7tie-brained), a. Wild, giddy, rattle-headed. Rat toon (rat-toon), n. A raccoon. [Bare.] Raueh wacke (r6wk/vak-e), n. [Ger. rauch = smoke, and wacke (q. v.).] (Geol.) The equiv- alent in Germany of the English Magnesian Limestone. A calcareous member of the Zech« stein formation. Rave (rave), v.t. To utter in a raving, mad, or frenzied manner; to say wildly or incoherently. Ra ven (ra'ven), a. Resembling a raven, es- pecially in color. " Here loud his r^ven charger neigh'd." Byron: The Giaour. Raven nese (rav'en-nese") a. and n. Relating: to Ravenna in Italy; a native or inhabitant of Ravenna. Ray on (ray'on), n. [Fr.] A ray, abeam. " Out of her womb a thousand rayons threw." Spenser: Vision of Bellay, ii. Ra yon nant, ra yonned (ra ydn-nant, ra- yonned), a. [Fr. rayon—a ray.] Her. An epi- thet applied to any ordinary or charge, when it is represented edged with rays or beams. Ra zee (ra-zee;), v. t. [Razee, s.] To cut down or to reduce to a smaller size; hence to cut down or abridge by cutting out parts: as, To razee a book or an article. Ra zor back (ra'zor-back) n. (Zodl) See* Rouqual. Ra zor stone (ra'zor-stone), n. The same as novaculite. Re (ra), [Ital.~\ Muse: The name of the second note of the scales, in the system of hexachords, and of the fixed sound D, in modern solmization. Re ac euse (re'ae-cuse'Oi v. t. To accuse a- second time. Reach a ble (reach'a-ble), a. Capable of being- reached; within reach. Reaching (reaching), p. a. (Reaching-post.) A. post used in rope-making, fixed in the ground at the lower end of a rope-walk. Re ac tion (re-ae'tion), n. (Reaction-machines.) (Mach.) Machines put in motion by a reactive ■ force. Thus, in the hydraulic tourniquet, tha moving power is steam operating by a reactive force like water. (Reaction-period.) (Phisiol.) The time that elapses between the application of a stimulus to the nerves, and the contraction of the muscles following it in consequence. Rough- ly speaking, it is for feeling one-seventh, for hearing one-sixth, and for sight one-fifth of a, second. (Foster: Physiol., bk. iii., §5.) (Reac- tion-wheel.) Awheel to which a rotary motion i& imparted by the action of streams of water issu- ing tangentially from its sides under the pressure* of a head of water entering it from above. Re ac tion a ry (re-ac'tion-a-ry), a. Proceeding from, implying, characterized by or tending to- wards, or favoring reaction. Re ad dress (rG'ad-dress")* v. t. TPref. re-, and Eng. address, v.] To address or direct anew or again. "Didymus . . . readdressed himself to her, and told her."—Boyle: Works, vi, 290. Re adept (re'a-dept7), v. t. [Pref. re-, and. Lat. adeptus, pa. par. of adipiscor = to gain.] To gain back or again; to regain, to recover. [Obs.] Hall: Edward IV. (an. 9). Read er (read er), n. 1. A reading-book for schools; a book containing passages as exercises- in reading. 2. (Print.) One who reads and corrects the proof-sheats of any work before publication; a corrector of the press. Read ills (read'ing), p. a. Reading-book. A book containing selections to be used as exercises- in reading. Reading-boy. (Print.) A boy em- ployed to read copy to the reader; a reader's as- sistant. Reading-closet. A small room in a. printing-office, appropriated to a printer's reader. Reading-desk. A desk or stand on which a book is supported, so as not to engage* or fatigue the hands of the reader. Ready (r6ad;y), a. Ready-made, (a) Made or prepared beforehand; kept in stock or in hand- ready for immediate use or sale: as, ready-made clothes, (b) Pertaining to articles prepared be- forehand or kept in stock: as, the ready-made de- partment of a business. Ready-money. Paid or payable at the time of purchuse or delivery; con- ducted on the principle of goods being paid for when bought or delivered; as, ready-money busi- ness. Syn. Ready, Apt, Prompt: When applied aa personal characteristics, ready respects the will or understanding, which is prepared for any- thing; as ready to serve a person, a ready wit; prompt denotes the vigor or zeal which impels the action without delay, or at the m ment when wanted; and apt, a fitness to do anything: from the habit or temper of the mind.—Crabb. Eng. Synonyms. Re af for est (re'af-fdr"6st), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. afforest.'] To convert anew or a air> into a forest: to restore to the state of a forest. Re a gree (re'a-gree"), v. i. & t. [Pref. re-, and Notation: P, 6,1, 0, Q, f. long; a, 6, 1, 6, u, 5r, short; cfire, fftr, last, fall, what; th£re, veil, tferm; plqne, firm done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, t, o, silent; g as s; as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 9 as z; j as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. rin this page will be found all new words; also all words in tiie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged. Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.EEAL 658 RECOLLECTION Eng. agree.J 1. To agree again. To become reconciled. it. To cause to agree again: to reconcile. " And fain to see that glorious holiday Of union which the discord reagreed." Daniel: Civil Wars, viii. Be al (re'al), a. Real-estate. Lauded property: lands, tenements, and hereditaments held for life or for some greater estate, whether freehold or copyhold. Real-exchange. The trade trans- actions between any two or more countries. (Sometimes called Comm ercial Exchange.) Real- > focus. (Optics.) A focus formed in front of a mirror by converging rays of light reflecting from it. Opposed to the virtual focus. Syn. Real, Actual, Positive: What is actual has proof of its existence within itself, and may be exposed to the eye: whai is real may be satis- factorily proved to exist; and what is positive precludes the necessity of a proof. Actual is opposed to the suppositions, conceived, or re- ported; real to the feigned, imaginary; positive to the uncertain, doubtful. Whatever is the con- dition of a thing for the time being is the actual condition; sorrows are real which flow from a substantial cause; proofs are positive which leave the mind in no uncertainty.—(Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated,'.) Re al iz ing ly (re//al-lz/ing-ly'), adv. In a realizing manner; so as to realize. Re al ness (re'al-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being real; reality. Ream (ream), v. t. [A. S. (a)rceman.) To stretch out, to extend. Reame (reame), n. A relm. [Obs.] Spencer. Reamer, rim mer (ream'er, rim'mer), n. A tool used to enlarge a hole, and bring it to a shape the counterpart of the tool, whether cylin- drical or tapering. Ream ing (reaming), p. a. Reaming-bit. A broach of hardened steel, having a taper form and angular cutting edges. Reaming-iron. (Naut.) A blunt chisel used for opening the seams between the planking of a ship, prepara- tory to caulking them with oakumr Re a noiiit (re'a-noint"), v. t. To anoint a sec- ond time or anew. "Reanointed mounts th' imperial chair." Drayton: Miseries of Queen Margaret. Re an swer (rean-swer), (w sfent), v. t. (Pref. re-, and Enc. answer, v.] To answer again; to correspond to; to compensate, to repay; to make amends for. Shakesp.: Henry V., iii. 6.) Reap (reap), n. A bundle of corn. "As mych as oone reepe.1' Townley Mysteries, p. 13. Reap er (reap'er), n. ' 1. A machine for cut- ting grain in the field; a reaping-machine (q. v.). it. One who gathers in the fruit of works or labor. Re ap proach (re'ap-prOach")v.t. or i. [Pref. re-, and Ens?, approach.J To approach again or anew. Rear (rear), n. To bring up the rear: To come last or latest. Rear (rear), a. Pertaining to, stationed in, or coming at the rear or back; last, hindermost: as, a rear rank, a rear guard. Rear-front. [Mil.} The rear rank of a company or body of men when faced about and standing in that position. Rea son a ble (rea'gona-ble), a. Syn.—Rea- sonable, Rational. Reasonable and rational both signify according to reason; but the former is usei in reference to the business of life, as a reasonable proposal, wish, etc.; rational to ab- stract matters, as rational motives, grounds, questions, etc. Crabb. Eng. Synoriyms. Rea son ing (rea'gon-In?), n. Syn.—Reason- ing. Argumentation. These terms are often used interchangeably, but, while reasoning in- cludes both induction and deduction, argument- ation implies the latter, only. Reasoning deals with ideas and their relations; argumentation with the forms of logic. Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Reas on ist (rea'son-ist), n. A follower of reason; a rationalist. [Obs.] "Such persons are now commonly called rea- sonists and rationalists, to distinguish them from true reasoners and rational inquirers."—Vater- land: Works, viii. 67. Re as so ci ate (re'as-so" shl-ate), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. associate.'} To bring together or into company again. Re a wake (r6/a-wake//)» v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. awake.} To awake again. Re ban ish (re-ban'ish), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. banish. To banish again or a second time. ''Keep our rebanished fugitives from return- ing."—Bp. Hall: A Censure of Travel, §15. Re bap tiz er (re'bap-tiz^er), n. One who re- baptizes; an Anabaptist. "There were Adamites in former times and re- baptizers."—Howell: Letters, bk. iv., let. 29. Re bar bar i za tion (re-bar'bar-i-za''tion), n. The act of rebarburizing; the condition of be- ing reduced again to barbarism. Re bar bar ize (re-bar bar-ize), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. barbarize.} To reduce a second time to a condition of barbarism; to render bar- barous again. Reb el (r6b'el), n. Syn.—Rebel, Insurgent. An insurgent is one who rises up against the laws or government of a state, though he may not carry on actual war; a rebel is one who makes war upon the government. A rebellion is <*n ex- tended insurrection or revolt.—Fallows' Synon- yms Discriminated. Re bell ion (re-bellion(-yun), n. Syn. — See Insurrection. Re bit ing (rfi-blt'ing), n. [Engraving]. A pro- cess for deepening the lines on engraved plates. Re bloom (re-bloom'), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. bloom. To bloom or blossom again or afresh. UI travl'd then till health again resumed Its former seat—I must not say rebloom^d." Crabbe: Tales of the Hall, vii. Re buf fet (re-buf'fet), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. buffet.} To buffet again; to beat back; to rebuff. Re buke (re-bQke'), v. t. Syn.—See Reprove. Re buoy (re-bwoy ) v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. buoy, v. j To buoy, raise, or sustain again. "Some with hope replenished and rebuoyed." Byron: Childe Harold, v. 22. Be bus (re'btis), v. t. To express or represent in or by a rebus. Re ca den ey (re-ea'den-£y), n. [Pref. re-, and Eng. cadency.} The act or state of falling back or descending a second time; relapse. "Suspected of unsoundness and recadency."— Montague: Devout Essayes. Re cal ci trant (re-car^i-trant), a. [Lat. re- calc-itrans, pr. par. of recalcitro = to kick back : re = back, and calcitro = to kick; calx (genit. calcis) = the heel.] Kicking back; hence, re- fractory, not submissive; exhibiting repug- nance. Re cal ci trate (re-e&l'Qi-trate). v. t. [Re- calcitrant.] To kick against; to exhibit re- pugnance or resistance to. Re car bon ize (re-car'bon-ize), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. carbonize.} To introduce carbon into after it has been extracted: as, To recarbon- ize steel. Re ceipt ment [re-set'mSnt]. n. [Law} The receiving or harboring of a felon know- ingly after the commission of a felony. ( Burrill.) Re ceive (receive7), 'v. t. Syn.—Receive, Ac- cept. To receive is frequently a passive act; whatever is offered or done to another is receiv- ed; but to accept is an act of choice: many things, therefore, may be received which cannot be ac- cepted; as a person receives a blow or an insult: so in an engagement one may be said to receive the enemy, who is ready to receive his attack; on the other hand, we accept apologies. Crabb. Eng. Synonyms. Re ceiv er ship (re-seiv'er-ship), n. The office, post, or position of a receiver. Re cen sion (re-ractice. Justice refers more especially to the carrying out of law as re- gards the treatment of others. Rectitude is, there- fore, in oneself; justice is on account of others. Justice is by moralists divided into—commutative, which assures to every man what is his own in fact or by promise; distributive, which deals out to several according to their deserts; and general, which through any channels, though not strictly commutative or distributive, carries out the ends of law, as in the government of his children by a parent. Rec to (rSe/tO), n. [Lat. abl. sing, of rectus= right.] 1. (Law) A writ of right. 2. (Print.) The right-hand page of a book, opposed to verso (q.v.) Rec tor ess (rSe'tor-Sss), n. A rectrix or gover- ness. Re cule, re cuile meiit (re-eale', re-eaile"- ment), n. To recoil. [Obs.] Re cul ti vate (re-cul'ti-vate), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. cultivate.] To' cultivate anew or afresh. Re cu sant (re-cti'sant), n. One who is obsti- nate in refusing; one who will not conform to general opinion or practico. Re cu sa tive (rS-ett'ga-tive), a. [Lat. recusat- (us), pa. par. of recuso=to recuse (q. v); Eng. adj. suff. -ivc.] Refusing, denying, negative; tending or prone to recuse or refuse. [JRare.] "It is acquisitive and effective, or recusative and destructive."—Bp. Taylor: Rule of Conscience, bk. iv., ch. L, rule 1. Re cus sion (re-kush'un), n. fLat. recussus, pa. par. of recutio—to strike back or backwards: re- = back, and quatio=to strike.] The act of strik- ing or be iting back. Red (red) a. Red-ant. (Entom.) A name given to three species of the genus Myrmica (M. rugi- nodis, M. scabrinodis, and M. Icevinodis,) formerly classified as M. rubra. Workers about one-sixth of an inch long; males and females rather longer. Red-ash. (Bot.) (a) Fraxinus pubescens, the Downy or Black American Ash, a swamp tree from the central states of the Union, (b) Alphi- tonia excelsa, a Rhamnad. Red-cedar. (Bot.) Juniperus virginiana. Red-cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of England. Red-man. A Red-Indian. Red-maple, red-flower- ing maple, s. (Bot.) Acer rubrum, an American species, so-called from the brilliant red color of its leaves in autumn. Called also Curled Maple. Red mulberry. (Bot.) Morus rubra. Red-mul- lets. Ichthy.: The family Mullidse (q.v.) Red- oak. (Bot.) (a) Quercus sessiliflora; (b) Q. rubra. Red-ochre, (a) (Min.) An earthy vari- ety of Haematite or of Turgite (q.v.), of a blood- red color, (b) (Chem. ) A red pigment prepared by calcining yellow ochre, a clay containing ferric hydrate. Red-pine. (Bot.) Pinus resinoso, called the Norway pine. Red-rain. (Physics.) Rain tinged red by cobalt chloride derived from mete- oric dust. A shower took place at Blackenburg in 1819. Red-republican. An extreme republican; one who is ready to fight for his opinions. So- called from the red cap worn by the extreme re- publicans in the French Revolution to intimate their manumission from the tyranny of the aris- tocrats, in imitation of the Roman practice of placing a red Phrygian capon the head of a slave when manumitted. Red-ribbon. The ribbon of the Order of the Bath. Applied to minerals as follows: Red-antimony — Kermesite; red-chalk= Reddle; red copper-ore, red oxide of copper = Cup- rete; red haematite, red iron ore; red oxide of iron = Hcematite ;red iron-vitriol— Botryogen; red lead- ore = Crocoite ;red manganese-ore=Rhodochrosite; red orpiment—Realgar; red oxide of lead=Jl!fm- ium; red silver-ore= Proustite, Pyrargyrite; red- vitrol — Bieberite; red zinc-ore, red oxide of zinc — Zincite. Red (r6d). n. (PI.) The catamenial discharges; the menses. Dunglison. Red, redd (red, redd), v.t. [Prob. from the same root as ready (q.v.); Sw. reda—to prepare, to put in order.] (Chiefly Scotch.) To put in order; to tidy; as, to red the hair. [Prov. Eng.] Re dan (re-dftn7), n. 1. The Redan: One of the strongest Russian fortifications on the south side of Sebastopol. It was unsuccessfully assaulted by the English on June 5, and Sept. 8, 1855. The retirement of the Russians to the north side left, on the latter date, the place in the hands of the Allies. 2. A projection in a wall or uneven ground to make it level. Red ar gu tor y (r6d/ar-gtl//tor-t), a. Tending to refute or disprove; pertaining to refutation; refutatory. " My privileges are an ubiquitary, circumam- bulatory, speculatory, interrogatory, redargutory immunity over all the privy lodgings."—Carew: Ccelum Britannicum. Redcap (red'c&p), n. 1. (Omith.) A popu- lar name for any small bird with a red head. (Tennyson: Gard. Daughter, 94.) 2. One of the class of spectres which are sup- posed to haunt old castles. (Scotch, chiefly in Roxburghshire.) Red deal (r6d deal), n. The wood of the Scotoh Pine, Pinus sylvestris, a highly valuable and dur- able timber. Red deer (red;deer), n. (Zo&l.) Cervuselaphus, wild in Exmoor Forest, England, spreading from the north-oast of Devonshire into the west of Somerset; in Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde; and in Ireland about Killarney, Oonne- mara and Erris. A full grown stag is about four feet high at the withers; neck thickly coated and of a grayish tint, body reddish brown, head held high, and uniformly-curved symmetrical antlers, which are shed in spring. In winter the coat is longer and grayer. Re dec or ate (re-dSe'or-ate), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. decorafe.] To decorate or adorn again or anew. Re ded i cation (re-dM'i-ca^tion), n, [Pref. re-, and Eng. dedication.] The act of rededica- ting; a second dedication. Re denip tion ar y (re-d6mp/tion-ar-jr), n. One who is or may be redeemed or set at liberty on payment of a ransom or compensation; one who is released from a bond or obligation by ful- iilling the stipulated terms or conditions. "To be admitted in the said society, but as re- demptionaries."—Hackluyt: Voyages, iii. 176. Red lire (rgd'fire), n. (Chem.) An intimate mixture of sulphur, chlorate potassium, lamp- black, and nitrate of strontia (the coloring agent.) ' Red liead (rSd'hSad), n. 1. (Bot.) Asclepias curassavica. 2. (Ornith.) Aythea americana, a duck found in America, closely allied to the Canvas-back. (Baird.) 3. A red-haired person. Re di min isli (re'di-mln^ish), v. t. or i. [Pref, re-, and Eng. diminish.] To diminish again. Re dis cov er (re/dis-c6v//-er), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. discover.] To discover again or anew. Re dis seize (re'dis-seize"), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. disseize.] (Law) To disseize again or a second time. Re di tion (re-dl'tion), n. [Lat. reditio, from reditus, pa. par. of redeo—to return.] [Red- ient. ] The act of going or coming back; return. "Make the day of your redition scene." —Chapman: Homer; Odyssey vi. Re di vide (r6/di-vlde//), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. divide. ] To divide again or anew. Red lac (rSd'l&e), n. (Bot.) Rhus succedaneat a species of sumark. Re doubt (re-dout'), v. U [O. Fr. redoubter, ( Fr. redouter), from Lat. re- = back, and dubito=to doubt (q. v.) ] To fear, to dread. [JRare.] ■Notation: &, 6,1, 0, tt, long; e, I, 6, ti, f, short; cftre, far, last, fa1!, what; thftre, veil, term: pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; tti as in thine. On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webste"REDOUND 660 REFRACTION "Yet was Rome well waxen and redoubted of the Parthes."—Chaucer: Boecius, bk. ii; Re dound (re-dound ), n. 1. A coming back, as of consequence or result; result, effect, conse- quence, return. "Not without redound Of use and glory." —Tennyson: Princess, ii. 28. 2. Reverberation, echo. [Rare.] Red o wa (red6-wa), n. [Ital.] (Music.) A Bohemian dance, originally in 2-4 and % time, alternately. The time was afterwards altered, and the dance was made into a kind of polka. Red pole, redpoll (red pole, rSd'poll), n. ( Ornith.) The Mealy Redpole, Linota canescens, is larger than the Lesser Redpole, L. linaria,,, of which it has been regarded by some ornitholo- gists as a race or variety. Re draw (re-draw'), v. i. [Pref. re-, and Eng. draw.] (Com.) To draw a new bill of exchange to meet another bill of the same amount, or, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers. Re dress al (re-drfiss'al), n. The act of redress- ing. Red sor rel (r6d//s<5r/rel), n. (Bot.) Hibiscus Sabdariffa, a plant, some parts of which are used for making tarts, and the like. [ West-Indian. ] Re dub (re-dub7), v. t. [Fr. radouber=to piece, to mend, to repair.] [Obs.] 1. To amend, to repair; to make amends or reparation for. Elyot: Govemour, bk. ii., ch. xiv. 2. To requite, to repay, to return. Phcer: Virgill; JEneidosvi. Reduce (re-dtiQe')i v. t. To reduce a square. (Mil.) To reform acolumn from the square. Re due tion (re-due'tion), n. 1. (Geom.) The operation of constructing a figure similiar to a given figure, either greater, less or equivalent. 2. (Logic.) The process of bringing a syllog- ism in one of the so-called imperfect moods to a mood in the first figure. Reduplicate (re-du'pii-cate), v. t. (Philol.) To repeat as the initial syllable or the root of a word for the purpose of mark ng past time. Re du pli crate (re-da'pll-eate), a. (Bot.) Re- duplicative. Re du pli ca tion (re-da'pll-ca^tion), n. [Fr., from Lat. redujjlicatus^Teduplicate; Sp. redupli- cacion; Ital. reduplicazione.] 1. (Philol.) a. The repi ition of the first syllable (more or less modified), or of 1 he root of a word, as for the Purpose of marking past time; as in Gr. tvirrw tupto) — I strike, re'ru^a (tetupha)-I struck; Lat. pello — I drive, pepuli=I drove; Eng. do, did. "The German 'ging,1 preterite of the verb 'go,' have a form which might easily have been pro- duced by a reduplication of the root.11—Earle: Philology, § 285. (b.) The new syllable formed by reduplication. 2. (Rhet.) A figure in which a verse ends with the same word with which the following one begins. Re du pli ca tive (re-do'pll-ea-tive), a. [Fr. rMuplicatif; Sp. and Ital. reduplicativo. J 1. Re- duplicated, double; formed by reduplication. "The earliest extant forms are not reduplica- tive."—Earle: Philology, § '286. 2. (Bot.) (Of aestivation): Doubled back; hav- ing the edges valvate and doubled back. Red wood (rSd'wobd), n. [Eng. red and wood.] (Bot.) (a) Rhamnus Erythroxylon; (b) Mel- hania Erythroxylon; (c) the genus Ceanothus; (ci) A dye wood produced by Pterocarpus san- talinus; (e) the genius Erythroxylon; (/) the timber of Sequoia sempervirens. Sequoia gigantea is the mammoth tree of California. Reed (reed), n. 1. Mining: The tube convey- ing the train to the charge in the blast-hole. Also called the spire. 2. (Mus.) (a) A thin strip of metal set in vibration by a current of air; the vibrations so caused dividing the current into rapid discon- tinuous puffs which produce a musical sound. The reed itself does not produce the sound, but i3 only a means of obtaining the sound from the current of air directed against it. Reeds are of two kinds, striking and free. The former is that commonly us3d in the organ; the latter in the harmonium, (b) The mouthpiece of the clarionet, hautboy, bassoon, and some other instruments, made of leed ar cane, whence the generic name has been ex ended to the reeds of the organ and of the orchestra, (c.) A reed-in- strument. Reed-bunting. (Ornith.) Emberiza Schceniclus, common in swampy places, all over Europe. Length of male six inches. Head, chin, and throat black; beliy and nuchal collar white; upper surface brown sh black, each feather bor- dered with bright bay. In autumn and winter the bordering in the adult male becomes so broad that the darker tints are to some extent lost sight of. Called also Reed-Sparrow. Reed-bur. (Bot.) The genusSparganium. Reed-grass. (Bot.) (a) The genus Arundo; (b) the genus Calamcgrostis; (c) the genus Phalaris. Meadow reed-grass, (a) Glyceria aquatica, a British gr.tss, and (b) Cinna arundinacea, wild in thj Uniied States. Reed- organ. (Mus.) A meludeon and parlor-oi'gan. An organ whose pipes are provided with reeds, in contradistinction to the flute- or mouth organ, whose pipes ha/e a lip to cut the wind escaping through an aperture in a diaphragm. Reed-pipe. (Mus.) (a) An organ-pipe in which the musical tone is produced by the vibration of a metallic tongue, (b) A musical pipe made of reed. Reed-sparrow. See Reed-Bunting. Reed-stop. (Mus.) A set of pipes furnished with reeds, and associated with the flute-stops of an organ, to give a variety to the effects. Reed-thrush. (Ornith.) Acrocephalus arundinaceus. Common in the south of Europe and an occasional visitor to England. Called also the Great Reed- Warbler. Reed ing (reed'lng), n. (Arch.) (a) A number of semi-cylindrical ridges, closely arranged in parallel order and designed for ornament. {b) A succession of bead-like ornaments. Reef (reef), n. (Naut.) Ihe first reef in a square sail is included between the head and the upper reef-band; the second reef between this and the next lower reef-ban', and so on. The object of the reef is to diminish the surface of the sail when Ihe wind is blowing hard. Balance reef: (Naut.) The uppermost or closest reef extending diagonally upward from the outer leech when close-reefed. fteem (reem), n. [Heb. (r6em), (rSeym), (rfiym); Sept. Gr. ixovoK€p n. Syn.—See Judge. Ref er ence (ret er-en^e), n. 1. A passage or note in a work by which a person is referred to another passage or work. 2. One who is or nu y be referred to; one oi whom inquir es may be made as to the character, abilities, &c., of another pereon. Ref er en tial ly (r6f er-en^shal-1^), adv. By way of reference. Re fig ure (re-fig-are, v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. figure, v.] To figure, fashion, or form anew; to refashion; to reproduce as in a copy. "Ten times tl:yself were happier than thou art, If ten of thine ten times reflgured thee."— Shakesp: Sonnet 6. Re fill (re-fill7), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng.fill.'} To fill again or anew. "Dungeons and thrones, which the sp.me hou? refilled."—Byron: Childe Harold, iii. 82. Re fix (re-fix), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. fix. To fix or establish agnin or anew; to reestablist "A hundred years have roll'd away Since he refixed the Moslem's sway." —Byron: Siege of Corinth, v. 5. Re fleet ed (re-fleet'ed), p. a. (Bot.) Reflexed. Re fleet ent (re-fl6et ent), Reflecting. "Such a reflectent body as hinders not the passage through.1'—Digby: On Bodies, ch. xiii. Re flCc-t ing (re-flSet'tng), p. a. Reflecting-gonio- meter. See Goniometer. Re fleeting-power. (Thermol.) The power pos- seesed by any substance of throwing off a greater or less proportion of incident heat. Re fleet ive (re-fl6ct Ive), a. (Gram.) Reflex- ive. Re flee tive ness (re-flge'tive-nSss), n. The quality or state of being reflective. Re fleet or (re-fl6etor), n. 1. The term mir- ror is less comprehensive than that of reflector, being usually only applied to such surfaces as afford definite images and co ors, while a reflect- or may not merely be used for throwing back the rays of light and heat, or of heat only, but also the waves of sound. 2. The same as Reflecting-telescope. Re flex ive (re-flex'ive. a. [Gram]. Applied to a verb which has for its direct object a prono- un which stands for the agent or subject of the verb: as, He forswore himself. Pronouns of this class are commonly called Reflexive-pronouns, and are usually compounded with -self. Re flex ive ly (re-flSx'ive-ly), adv. 1. (Granu,) In the manner of a reflexive verb. 2. So as to cast a reflection or censure.— [Obs.] "Ay, but he spoke slightly and reflexively of such a lady.—South: Sermons, vol. vi., ser. 3„ Re flex ive ness (re-fl6x/jve-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being reflexive. Re flex ly (re-ftex'ly, {adv.] In a reflex manner. Re forge (re-forge'), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Kng. forge, v. To forge again or anew; to refashion. Re forg er (re-forg er), n. One who reforges or refashions. "But Christe beyng a newe reforger of the olde law, instede of burnt offreyng, did substitute charitee.11—Udal: Luke xxiv. Reform (re-f0rm/), n. Syn. — Reform, Re- formation. A reform has a general applica- tion; a reformation a particular application: whatever undergoes such a change as to give a new form to an object occasions a reform; when such a change is produced in the moral character, it is termed a reformation: the con- cerns of a state require occasional reform: those of an individual require reformation. When rer form and reformation are applied to the moral character, the former has a more extensive signi- fication than the latter; the term reform convey- ing the idea of a complete amendment; reform- ation implying only the process of amending or improvi g.—Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Re formed (re-fSrmed ) p. a. (Mil.) Applied to an officer who is kept in the service on half or full pay after his company or troop has been dis- charged. —[ Eng. ] Re fract ing (re'fr&et'ing), p. a. (Refract• ing dial,) A dial in which the hour is shown by the use of some transparent refracting fluid. Re frac tion (re frae'tion), n. Astronomical, atmospheric, or celestial refraction. [Astron. &c.]: The alteration of the direction of a luminous ray proceeding from a heavenly body to the eye of a spectator on the earth. It is caused by the passage of the ray from space or the rarer air high in the atmosphere to the denser medium near the surface of the earth. It produces the greatest effect when the heavenly body is on the horizon, and is non-existent when it is in the zenith. It makes a heavenly body ap pear higher than it is, or even visible before it Notation: a, 6,1, 0, ft, y, long; ft, £, I, 6, ft, y, short; cftre,far, last, f§ll, what; th6re, veil, tferm; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, r\ide, push; e, t, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; 3 as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.REFRACTIVE 661 REGULATOR has really risen. Allowance must be made for refraction in all observations of altitude. The amount of refraction at a certain elevation above the horizon, for a certain temperature of the air, and a certain height of the barometer, may be approximately determined, but minute vari- ations in it make the corrected places of the stars occasionally wrong by a second or more. (Bull.) Axis of double refraction: [Axis]. of refraction: [Axis]. Conical refraction: [Optics]: The refraction of a ray of Ught into a number of other ra^ s forming a hollow cone. It arises when a ray of light passes through biaxical crystals [Polarisation of LightJ in a particular direction, nearly coinciding with the optic axis. When the i\iy, leaving the crystal, forms a cone with the apex at the point of emergence, it is called external conical refraction; when the cone is formed by the ray on entering the cryst- al, and it emerges in a hollow cylinder, it is called internal conical refraction. It was first reas- oned out by Sir William R. Hamilton, and subse- quently demonstrated experimentally by Lloyd. Double refraction: [Optics]: Many crystals are not homogeneous, but have different properties of elasticity. &c., in different directions. The effect of such a constitution is, that unless a ray of light enters the crystal in some particular directions, it is not merely refracted in the man- ner described under Refraction, but divided into two rays. In this case the refracted ray or rays are not always in the same plane as the incident ray. [Polarization of Light.'] Index of refrac- tion: [Index. | Plane of refraction: The pli.ne passing through the normal or perpendicular to the refracting surface, at the point of incidence and the refracted ray. Point of refraction: [Point, j Refraction of altitude and declination, of ascension and descension, of latitude and longitude: The change in the altitude, declin- tion, &c., of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric refraction. Terrestrial refraction: [Opttcs]: Refraction making terrestrial bodies such as distant buildings or hills, &c., look higher than they really are. The principle is the same as in Astronomical Refraction. Re fract ive (re-fr&et'ive), a. Refractive index or index of refraction: [Optics]: The ratio be- tween the sines of the incident and refracted angle. Relative refractive index.—The quotient or ratio arising when a ray passes from one sub- . stance into another. Absolute refractive index. —The quotient lormed by the passage of a ray from a vacuum into a substance. Re frain er (re-frain'er), n. One who refrains or restrains. Re frain ment (re-frain'mSnt), n. The act or state of refraining; forbearance, abstinence.— [O&s.] Jfe fran gi ble ness (re-fran'gi-ble-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being refrangible; refran. gibility. Re fresh ful (re-fr^sh'ful), a. Full of refresh- ment; refreshing, reinvigorating. "Throws refreshful round a rural smell." Thomson: Summer, 364. Re fund, (re-fiind') v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. fund v. To fund again or anew. Re fur nish (re-ftir'msh), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. furnish.J To furnish again; to supply or equip again, Re fa sion (re-fa'gion), n. [Lat. refusio, from refusus, pa. par. of refundo, — to pour back.] The act of pouring back; restoration. "This doctrine of the refusion of the soul was very consistent with the belief of a future state of rewards and punishments."—Warburton: Divine Legation, bk. ii. (Note cc. ) Re fu. sion (re-ffi-sion), n. [Pref. r«^, and Eng. /wsion.] The act of fusing or melting again. Re fute (re-fate'), v. t. S"yn.—See Confute. Re gal (re'gal), a. Syn.—See Kingly. Re ga li a (re-ga'li-a), n. pi. The insignia, de- corations. or jewels worn by members of an or- der, as, Freemasons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars, &c. Re gard (re-g&rd'), n. In regard of: On ac- count of, with regard to, as regards. [Vulgar.] With regard of: With regard or respect to; as re- gatds. Syn.—See Respect. Re gen er a tion (re-gen'er-a^tion), n. (Biol.) The genesis or production of new tissue to sup- ply the place of an old texture lost or removed. In some of the inferior animals an organ or a limb can thus be supplied; in man regeneration is much more limited in its operation. Thus, when a breach of continuity takes place in a muscle, it is repaired by a new growth of con- nective tissue, but muscular subs ance like that tost is not restored. Nerve, fibrous, arecknr, and. epuaelial tissues are more easily repaired. Re gen er a tive (re-gSn'er-a-tive), a. Regen . erating; tending to regenerate; regeneratory. "The struggling regenerative process in her."— G. Eliot: Daniel Deronda, ch. lxv. Re gen er a tive ly (re-gSn'er-a-tive-ljr), adv. In a regenerative manner; so as to regenerate. Re gent (re'gent), a. (Queen regent.) A queen who rules; used in distinction from queen con- sort. Re get (re-get7), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. get, v. 1. To get or obtain again; to recover, to regain. &. To generate again. [O&s.] Reg i ci clal (reg I-Ql' dal), a. Pertaining to, consisting in, or of the nature of, regicide; tend- ing to regicide. "One might suspect this regicidal collection to be the spiritual breathings of an enlightened Methodist."—Waferland: Works, x. 136. Regime (ra-zhem'), n. The ancient regime: A former or ancient style or system of government; specif., the political system in France before the Revolution of 1789. Re gim in al (re-glm'in-al), ql. [Lat. regimen, genit. regiminis—regimen (q. v.); Eng. adj. suff. -al. J Pertaining or relating to regimen. Re gion (re'jun), n. 1. (Bot. and Geog.) Aportion of the world containing within it a distant typeor facies of vegetation. Griseback establishes twenty-four: (1) The Artie, (2) the Europzeo-Siberian For- est, (3) the Mediterranean, (4) the Steppe, (5) the Chino-Japanese, (6) the Indian Monsoon, (7) the Sahara, (8) the Soudan, (9) the Kalaharia, (10) the Cape, (11) the Australian, (12) the North American Forest, (13) the Prarie, (14) the Cali- fornian, (15) the Mexican, (16) the West Indian, (17) the Cis-equatorial South American, (18) the Amazon, (19) the Brazilian, (20) the Tropical Andaean, (2J) the Pampas, (22) the Chilian Tran- sition, (23) the Antarctic Forest, and (24) the Oceanic Islands Region. £. (Zoogeography.) A term proposed by Mr. P. L. Sclater, in 1857, for the division of the earth with respect to the geographical distribu- tion of animals. It was warmly supported by Dr. Gtinther (Proc. Zo6l. Soc., 1858, pp. 373-398.) Mr. Sclater's scheme, as modified by Wallace, is: Regions. Sub-Regions. Pal® arctic.... North Europe, Mediterranean (or -South Europe), Siberia, Manchuria (or Japan.) Ethiopian......East Africa, West Africa, South Africa, Madagscar. Oriental.......Hindostjan (or Central India), Ceylon, Indo-China (or Himal- ayas), Indo-Malaya. Australian..... Austro-Malaya, Australia, Poly- nesia, New Zealand. Neotropical.. .Chili, (or South Temperate America), Brazil, Mexico (or Tropital North America), An- tiles. Nearctio.......California, Rocky Mountains, Alleghanies (or East United States), Canada. Re gi OTIS (rfi'gl-oiis), a. [Lat. regius, from rex. genit. regis^a king.] Relating to a king; royal, regal. [Oire.] Regis ter (rgg'Is-ter), n. Syn.—See List. 1. (Mus.) (a) The compass of a voice or instrument. (6) A portion of the compass of a voice: a., the upper, middle or lower register, (c) A stop of an organ, (d) The knob or handle by means of which the performer commands any given stop. S$. A device for automatically indicating the number of revolutions mad© or amount of work done by machinery, or recording stearm, air or water pressure, or other data, by means of ap- paratus deriving motion from the object or ob- jects whose force, distance, velocity, direction, elevation, or numerical amount it is desired to ascertain. 3. (Teleg.) The part of a telegraph apparatus used for recording upon a sifrip of paper the message received. Morse register: (Teleg.) Morse's indicator-telegraph. Seamen's register: A register or record of the number and date of registration of each foreign-going ship, with her registered tonnage, the length and general na- ture of her voyage and employment, the names, age*, &c., of the master and crew, &c. Reg Is ter (rSg^s-ter), v. i. (Printing.) To correspond exactly, as columns or the linee of printed matter on opposite sheets, or that when Drought together line shall faftl upon line* and column upon column. Regis tixate (reg'ls-trate), v. t. To enter in a register; to record. [.Rare.] "Why do vcfti toil to registrate your nances ^ On icy pillars, which soon melt away?" —Drummond: Flowers of Zion. Reg is tra tion (r&g'is-tra^tion), n. Registrar tion of voters: The entering of the names of per- sons entitled to vote at an election in the regis- ter or list of voters. Regius (re'gl-us), a. [Lat.] Royal; pertain- ing to, or appointed by the sovereign. Re give (re-give7), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. give.] To give back. "Bid him drive back his car, and reimport The period past, regive the given hour." — Young: Night Thoughts, ii. 309. Reg ma (rSg'ma), n. [Gr. p^y/u-a (rhegma) = a fracture, from prjyvvixi (regnumi) — to break.] (Bot.) A compound superior fruit, having the pericarp dry externally and dehiscent by elastic cocci. Example, Euphorbia. Re gra ti a tory (re-gra'shi-a-tor-^), (ti, as shl), n. [Fr. regratier—to return thanks.] A returning "of thanks; an expression of thank- fulness. "To give yon my regraciatory." —Skelton: Crown of Laurel. Re grat or (re-grat7or), n. The same as Rer grater. Re gres sion (re-gresh'un), n. Regression-point. (Geom.) A point at which two branches are tan- gent to each other, so that a point generating the curve suddenly stops at the cusp, and re- turns for a time in the same general direction from which it arrived at the cusp point. Re gret (re-grety) n. Syn.—Regret, Repen- tance, Penitence, Compunction, Contrition, Remorse. Regret does not carry with it either the energy of remorse or the sacredness of con- trition, or the practical character of repentance. We even apply the term regret to circumstance® over which we have had no control; as the ab- sence of friends or their loss. When connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts than to wrong or sinful ones. Repentance is a term of more general applica- tion than penitence, being employed to offences against men as well as against God; penitence, on the other hand, is .applicable only to spiritual guilt. Contirtion, compunction and remorse are awak- ened by reflecting on particular offences; contri- tion m a continued and severe sorrow; compunc- tion fs rather an occasional but sharp sorrow, provoked by a single offence, or a moment's re- flection; remorse may be temporary, but it is a still sharper pain awaket ed by some particular offence of peculiar magnitude and atrocity. Re grwt ta ble (re-grSt'ta-bie), a. To be re- gretted; calling for or deserving regret. "The regrettable incidents that occurred in Madrid."—London Daily Chronicle, Sept. 7, 1885. Re guard ant (re-guard7ant, u silent), a. The same as regardant. RThe hope of reinstation into the good graces of the uncle."—Poe: Thou art the Man. Re in struct (r67In-strtiet7/), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. instruct.'] To instruct again. 44 Being reinstructed in the faith."—Waterland: Works, vi. 364. — - Re in volve (r^in-vdlve"), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. involve.] To involve again or anew. 44 To reinvolve us in the pitchy cloud of infernal darkness.—Milton: Reform in England. Re it er ate (re-it'er-ate), v.t. Syn.— Reiter- ate, Repeat. To repeat is to utter anything a second time; as, he repeated his orders. To re- iterate is to repeat a number of times; as. he con- tinued to reiterate the sentiment.—{Fallow's Synonyms Discriminated.) Re it er a tive (re-it7er-a-tive), n. 1. A word, or part of a word, repeated so as to form a re- duplicated word: as, Tittle-tattle is a reiterative of tattle. 2. {Gram.) A word or a verb, signifying re- peated or intense action. Re join der (re-join7der), n. Syn.—See Reply. Rejoin der (re-joinder), v.i. To make reply; to reply. [06s.] Hammond: Works, iv. 604. Re joint (re-joint7), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. joint.] To fill up the joints of, as of stones or bricks in buildings, when the mortar has been displaced by age or the action of the weather. Re King (re-king'),v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. king."] To make king again; to restore to the rank or position of a king. [Rare.] 44You hassard less rekinging him." Warner: Albions England, bk. iii., ch. xvi. Re lade (re-lade7), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. lade.] To lade or load again; to reload. Re lat ed (re-lat'ed), p. a. 1. Standing in a certain relation or connection; connected; as, The arts of painting and sculpture are closely related. 2. {Mus.) The same as Belativi£ (q. v.). Re la tion (re-la7tion), n. {Law) {a) The act of a relater, at whose instance an information is allowed to be filed. (&) When two different things or other things are accounted as one, and by some act done, the thing subsequent is said to take effect by relation from the time preceding. Re la tion al (re-la7tion-al), a. Indicating a re- lation, as a relational part of speech, as contra- distinguished frym notional. The pronoun, pro- position, and conjunction are relational parts of speech. Re la tion ist (re-la7tion-ist), n. A relation, a relative. [O&s.] Re la trix (re-la7trix), n. [The fem. form of Lat. relator. {Law) A female relator. Re lax (re-l&x7), a. Relax, loosened. 44 The motion and activity of the body consis- teth chiefly in the sinews, which, when the south- ern wind bloweth, are more relax."—Bacon: Nat. Hist., § 381. Re lax a tive (re-l&x7a-tive), n. [O. Fr. relax- atif.] 1. A medicine or other thing which has power to relax; a relaxative medicine. [.Rare.] 4'You must use relaxatives." Ben Jonson: Magnetic Lady. 2. That which affords relaxation; a relaxa- tion. Relay (re-lay7), w.. {Telegr.) A device for en- abling telegraphic messages to be sent over long distances. The whole line is divided into sec- tions, at the end of each of which is a relay. This . consists simply of an electro-magnetic arrange- ment by which the first current, enfeebled by traveling over the first section of the line, is only used to send a current from a fresh battery on to the next. Relay of Ground: Ground laid up in fallow. [Eng. ] (Richardson.) Re lease (re-lease7), n. {Steam-eng.) The opening of the exhaustport before the stroke is finished to lessen the back-pressure. Re lent ment (re-lSnt'mSnt), n. The act or state of relenting. [Rare.] Reliably (re-ll'a-bly), adv. In a reliable manner or degree; so as to be relied on. Re li ant (re-li7ant), a. Having, or character- ized by reliance or confidence; confident, relf-re- liant. Relief (re-lief7), n, 1. {Fort:) The total height of the parapet above the bottom of the ditch. 2. {Hunt.) A note on the horn played on ar- riving home. 44As you sounded the recheat before, so now you must sound the relief three times."—Return from Parnassus. S. (Phys. Geog.) The undulations or surface elevations of a country. Relief-valve: {a) A valve belonging to the feeding apparatus of a marine-engine, through which the water escapes into a hot-well when it is shut off from the boiler. (6) A valve so arranged as to open outward when a dangerous pressure or shock occurs, to allow escape of water, (c) A valve to allow access of air to a barrel from which liquor is drawn. Re lief less (re-lief716ss) a. Destitute of re- lief. Re lieve ment (re-lieve7m6nt), n. The act of relieving; the state of being ralieved; relief. 44 With other relievements of their doleances." —Daniel: Hist. Eng., p. 45. Re liev ing (re-li6v7Ing), p. a. Relieving-offlcer. An officer appointed by the Board of Guardians of an English poor-law union to superintend the relief of the poor in the union. It is his duty to inquire into all applications for relief, to visit the houses of the applicants, and to give imme- diate relief in cases of urgency. Relieving-tackle. {Naut.) A tackle temporarily attached to the end of the tiller, to assist the helmsman in bad weather, and act as a guard in case of accident to the tiller ropes or wheel. (6) A tackle from a wharf passed beneath a vessel when careened, and secured to the opposite side, to act as a guard against upsetting and to assist in righting. Re lig ion (re-lig7ion), n. Syn. — Religion, Piety, Sanctity. Religion is a system of belief or worship, though, in its secondary meaning, it denotes a spirit of reverence toward, or worship of the Deity. Piety is reverence for what is good, and the desire to do good. It includes, therefore, obedient love of the Will of God and zealous devotion to his service. 44There are many religions', there is but one piety." Sanctity, primarily, signifies a devotion to pur- ity and godliness. {Fallows' Synonyms Discrim- inated. ) Re lig ion a ry (re-llg'ion-a-r^), n. The same as Religionist. [Rare.] Re lig ion er (re-lig'ion-er), n. A religionist. [Rare. ] Relinquish (re-link'wish), v. t. Syn. —See Resign. Re lo ca tion (re7lO-ea/7tion), n. {Scots Law). A reletting; the renewal of a lease. Tacit relocation: The feacic or implied renewal of a lease, inferred where the landlord, instead of warning the tenant to remove at the stipu- lated expiration of the lease, has allowed him to continue without making any new agreement. Re lodge (re-lddge7), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. lodge, v.] To lodge again. (Southey.) Re main der (re-main'der), n. Syn.—Remain- deb, Balance. Balance is frequently, but incor- rectly used in the sense of remainder. We may give balance the sense of remainder in speaking of the balance of an account, out it is grossly wrong to use it in such expression as, the balance of the day, the balance of the company, and the like, in which it is ?iven as tfre meaning of re- mainder. (Fallows' Synonyms t-isc* imitated.) Re mark (re-mark7), v. t. Syn. —See Notice. Remark (re-mark7), v. i. To make observations or remarks; to obsrve. 44I shall only remark that when this text is away there will be but one left in the whole Scripture where that particular form of expression is used. " —Waterland: Works, ii. 32 Re mark (re-mark7), v. t. To mark again or renew. Re meas ure (re-m£zh7are), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. measure, v.] To measure again or renew. 44The way they came; their steps remeasured right."—Fairefax: Godfrey of Boulogne, xv. 2. Re mem ber (re-mem7ber), v.t. Syn.—Remem- ber, Recollect. We remember what has hap- pened without any great effert; we recollect after some exertion o^ the memory. Remember is to gather materials ready at hand; recollect, to gather materials not ready at hand; as, 44I do not remem- ber the facts, but I will try to recollect them."— Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Re mem ber a ble, (re-m6m7ber-a-ble), a. That may be, or worthy of being, remembered; memorable. 44 We saw this very remarkable and remember- able place under sufficient discomfort of wind and showers."—Southey: Letters, iv. 481. Re mem ber a bly (re-m6m7ber-a-bly), adv. In a rememberable or memorable manner; so as to be remembered. 44 To relate everything as rememberably as pos- sible."—Southey: Memoirs of Taylor of Norwich, ii, 77. Re mem brance (re-mem7bran$e), n. Syn.— See Memory. Re mi form (re7mi-f6rm), a, [Lat. remus—an oar, and forma—form,shape.] Formed like an oar. Re min der (re-mind7er), n. One who or that which reminds or calls to mind. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, tt, y, long; a, 6, I, d, fi, f, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what: thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, njde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; Qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will toe found all new words; also all woris in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.REMINISCENCE 663 REPROBATIVE "These outward objects are rather the reminders than the first begetters or implanters."—More: Andidote against Atheism, bk. i., ch. v. Rem i nis cence, r6m l-nls^Qence, n. Syn.— See Memory. Re mise (re-mlge'), n. [Fr.=delivery, surren- der, from remettre (Lat. remitto) = to surrender.] {Law) A surrender; a giving back; a release, as of a claim. Re miss fill (re-miss'ful), a. Ready or prone tD grant remission or forgiveness; forgiving, gracious, remissive. "The heavens in their remissful doom ."-Drayton. Re mis si bill i ty (re-mis/sl-bll//I-ty1)n. The quality or condition of being remissible; capabil- ity of being remitted. "The remissibillity of our greatest sins."—Jer. Taylor. Re mit (re-mlt7), v.t. Syn.—Remit, Send. Remit is often used in the sence of send; as, I will remit the money; but it is preferable to say, "I will send the money to you;" instead of, "I will remit," etc. Remit means to send back, to relax, to surrender, to forgive.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Re mit tor (re-mlt'tor). n. One who makes a remittance; a remitter. Re mix (re-mix'), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. mix.~\ To mix again or repeatedly. Re mod i II ca tion (re-mfid'I-fl-ea^tion), n. The act of remodifying; a repeated or renewed modification. Rem o lin ite (r&m'o-lln-ite, n. [From Los Remolinos, Chili, where found.] (Min.) The same as Atacamite. Re mon strate (re-mdn'strate), v.i. Syn.—See Expostulate. Re morse (re-mOrse'), n. Syn. See Regret. Ren (r£n), n. [Lat.] (Anat,.) The kidney. Re nate, re nat ed(re-nate;, re-nat'ed) a. [Lat. renatus, pa. par. of renascor.] Born again; re- generate. [06s.] Hall: Cronicle; Henry VII. (an. 7). Ren der (rSn'der), v.t. {Plast.) To plaster di- rectly, and without the intervention of laths. Ren iter (rSn'der), v.i. 1. To give. "In kissing, do you reyider or receive?" Shakesp: Troilus & Cressida, iv. 5. 2. To give an account; to declare, to state, to report. "That this gentleman may render Of whom he had this ring." Shakesp.: Cymbeline, v. 5. 3. (Naut.) [a] To reeve. [6] To yield or give way to the action of some mechanical power. Rend i ble (rSnd'I-ble), a. That may be rent or torn asunder. Re new (re-na'), v.i. 1. To become new again; to be reproduced; to grow again. " Renew I could not like the moon." Shakesp: Timon of Athens, iv. 3. 2. To begin again; to resume or recommence something left off. "Renew, renew! The fierce Polydamas Hath beat down Menon." Shakesp: Troilus & Cressida, v. 5. Re new a bil i ty (re-new'a-bll"l-ty), [ew as a], n. The quality or state of being renewable. —[.Rare.] Re nid i ft ca tion (re-nld'i-fl-ca^tion), n. The act of rebuilding nests. Ren net ed (r6n n6t-ed), a. Mixed or heated with rennet. Re liounce (re-noun^e7), v.t. Syn.—Renounce, Recant, Abjure. That is renounced which is given up or laid aside forever; as, to renounce one's occupations or claims. To recant is to deny, in a public and formal manner, some doctrine or principle in which we formerly believed, and adopt the contrary one. To abjure is to solemnly renounce our principles, beliefs, and the like.— Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Re nowned (re-nowned'), Syn. See Fa- mous. Ren u ent (rgn'u-ent), a. [Lat. renuens, pr. par. of renuo, from re- = back, and nuo = to nod.] Throwing back the head; applied specifically to two muscles which perform this function. Re OC cu py (re-de/eti-py), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. occupy. J To occupy again or anew. Re om e ter (re-6m'e-ter), n. The same as Rheometer. Re o trope (re'o-trope), n. The same as Rheo- trope. Re ox y gen ate (re-6x;^-g6n-ate), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. oxygenate.] To oxygenate again or a second time. Re ox y gen ize (re-dx'y-gSn-ize), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. oxygenize.] To reoxygenate (q. v.) Rep, Repp (r6p, r6pp), a. [Etym. doubtful; prob. connected with rib.J Formed with a fine- ly-corded surface; having a cord-like appear- ance: as, a rep paper. Rep (r6p), n. A dress fabric having a corded or ribbed appearance. Re pace (re-pace'), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. pace, v.] To pace a second time; to go over again in a contrary direction. Re pa gan ize (re-pa'gan-ize), v.t. To reduce to a state of paganism again. Re paint (re-paint'), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. paint, v.] To paint again or anew. "The ground of this picture has been re- painted."—Reynolds: Journey to Flanders. Re pair (re-pair), v.t. Syn. Repair, Repara- tion. Repair (Fr. r4parer, Lat. re and parare, to prepare) is the result of which reparation is the process. A bridge, for instance, is undergo- ing a process of reparation till it is placed in a condition of repair. Repair, too, is a physical process; reparation is a moral action. Repair is always physical or analogous in its use; repara- tion is purely moral. We speak of repairing a house, a road, or analogously, of repairing shat- tered fortunes; but of making reparation for in- jury and wrong to the characters of others. Rep ar tee (rSp'ar-tee'O, n. Syn. See Retort. Re pass age (re-pass age), n. The act of re- passing; a passing or passage again or back. "Twenty . . . cut off their repassage."—Hack- luyt: Voyages, iii. 359. Re pa tri a tion (re-pa'trl-action),n. The act of returning or restoring to one's country. "I wish your honor (in our Tucson phrase) a most happy repatriation."Reliquiae Wottonianos, p. 670. Re peat (re-peat7), v.t. Syn. See Reiterate. Re peat er (re-p6at'er, n. [Fire-arms.] An arm which may be caused to fire several successive shots without reloading. "The Bullard repeater, with the same weight of powder and bullet as the Marlin, gave very steady shooting."—Field, Feb. 13, 1886. Re peat ing (re-peat'ing), p. a. Doing the same thing over again; producing a like result several times in succession; as, a repeating fire-arm which discharges several shots in succession without reloading; a repeating watch which strikes the hours and quarters when a spring is pressed in, &c. Re pent ance (re-p6nt'ance), n. Syn. See Re- gret. Re pe ru sal (re'pe-rtts^al), n. The act of perus- ing a second time; a second or repeated perusal. Re pe ruse (re'pe-ruse'O* v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. peruse.] To pursue again or anew. Rep e ti tion (rep'e-tr'tion), n. Syn. Repeti- tion, Tautology. Repetition is to tautology as the genus to the sp ecies; the latter being a spe- cies of repetition. There may be frexuent repeti- tion which is warranted by necessity or conven- ience; but tautology is that which nowise adds to either the sense or the sound. A repetition may, or may not, consist of literally the same words; but tautology, from the Greek Tauros, the same, and Aoyo?, a word, supposes such a sameness in expression as renders the signification the same. Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Re pet i tive (re-pet'i-tlve), a. [Lat. repetitus, pa. par. of repeto = to repeat.] Containing rep- etitions; repeating. [.Rare.] Rep e ti tor (rgp^e-tl'tor), n. In Gorman Uni- versities, a private instructor. Re plen isli er (re-plSn'ish-er), n. One who replenishes. i'Maker and preserver of all things, aud replen- isher of all things everywhere."—Hackluyt: Voy- ages, i. 378. Re plen ish ment (re-plSn'ish-m&nt), n. 1. The act of replenishing; the state of being re- p enished. 2. That which replenishes. Re plete ness (re-plete'ness), n. The quality or state of being replete; complete fulness, re- pletion. Re plev in (re-plSv'in), v.t. The same as Re- plevy. "To me, who once, you know. Did from the pound replevin you." Butler: Ladies'> Answer, iv. Re plum (re'pltim), n. [Lat. =a door case, or leaf of a door.] (Bot.) A frame formed when the two sutures of a legume or a pod separate from the valves. Re ply (re-ply'), n. Syn. Reply, Answer, Re- joinder, Response. Under all these terms is included the idea of using words in return for other words, or returning a sound for a sound. An answer is given to a question: a reply is made to an assertion; a rejoinder is made to a reply, a response is made in accordance with the words of another. We answer either for the purpose of affirmation, information or contradiction; we al- ways reply, or rejoin, in order to explain or con- fute; responses are made by way of assent or con- firmation. Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Re pone (re-pOne'), v. t. [Lat. repono, fromre= back again, andpono=to place.] 1. To replace. 2. To reply. [Scotch or Prov. Eng.'] 3. (Scotch Law.) To replace in or restore to a former situation or position. Re pop u la tion (re-pdp/u-,a//tion), n. [Pref. re-, and Eng. population.] The act of repeop- ling; the state of being repeopled. Re port (re-pOrt'), v. i. 1. To take down in writ- ing a speech, debates, replies, &c., from the lips of the speakers for the purpose of puplicntion; to give a written account or statement of the pro- ceedings, debates, &c., of a public assembly: as, To report for the papers. 2. To makfe known one's movements, where- abouts, &c., to a superior, so as to be ready for service, or duty when required; to report one's self, as, he reported to the commanding officer. Re port er (re-pOrt er), n. One who is engaged on the staff of a newspaper to report public meetings, entertainments, ceremonies, or the like, and to collect information respecting in- teresting or important events. Re por tor i al (re'por-tor^i-al), a. Of or relat- ing to a reporter or reporters; consisting of or constituted by reporters. "A reporter for the daily press . . . was asked, what was his business or profession—and replied that he was of the reportorial persuation."— Gentleman^s Magazine: June, 1883, p. 581. Re pose (re-p6§e'), n. Syn.—See Rest. Re pose fu» (re-pOge'ful), a. Full of repose; affording confidence or trust; trustworthy. "A fast friend or reposeful confidant."—Howell. Rep re sent a tive (r6p're-§ent'a-tive), a. Representative-faculty* {Metaph. See Extract. "The general capability of knowledge neces- sarily requires that, besides the power of evok- ing out of unconsciousness one portion of our retained knowledge in preference to another, we possess the faculty of representing in conscious- ness what is thus evoked . . . This representative Faculty is Imagination or Phantasy."—Hamilton: Metaph. (ed. Mansell), ii. 25. Representative- species. {Bot. & Zodl.) A species exhibiting a comparatively recent modification, and having its origin in or near the locality where it occurs. — Wallace: Geog. Dist., i. 4. Rep re sent a tive (rSp're-s^ntf'a-tive), n. (Biol.) The representative theory contended for by Swainson and other quinarians was that in each circle particular types were represented. In every circle of birds, for instance, there were raptorial, insessorial, rasorial, gallatorial, and natatorial types. Acy representative of these was analogus to the corresponding type in all other circles. Rep ri maud (r&p'ri-m&nd), v. t. Syn.—See Reprove. Re print (rS'print), n. The publication of a work in one country formerly published in another. Re proach ful ness (re-proach'ful-n&ss), n. The quality or state of being reproachful. "And this mannes humanitee and curteous be- haviour ... ye turne into an occasion of slaun- derous reprochfulnesse."—Udal: Lukevii. Re proach. less (re-proachl^ss), a. Without reproach; irreproachable. Rep ro bate (rep'ro-bate), a. — Repro- bate, Abandoned, Profligate. Abandoned is strictly a participle passive of the verb abandon, though used as an independent adjective. In the former capacity it follows, of course, all the meanings of its verb. As an adjective, it has the meaning of self-abandoned, and that to vice. It. is used of persons and character, and so, reflexively, of life and conduct. It denotes a voluntary surrender of self to a iife of self- indulgence ; self-control and the estimation of others being disregarded and defied. Reprobate expresses that character in which a course of self-abandonment to vice results; one cast away without hope of recovery; the very desire and recognition of good being lost. The profligate man is he who has thrown away, and becomes more and more ready to throw away, all that the good and wise desire to retain; as, principle, honor, virtue, possessions. A profligate man, therefore, is one guilty of open and shameless irregularities and vices. {Fal- lows' Synonyms Discriminated.) Rep ro ba tion (rep'ro-ba^tion), n. Decree or election of reprobation. {Theol.) The doctrine that a part of mankind have been coademned as reprobates from eternity. Rep ro ba tive (rdp^ro-ba'tive), a. Of or re-, Notation* ft 6,1, 0, Q, S• long; a, e, I, 6, ti, ?, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term: pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; {?h as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; gas z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will "be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.REPRODUCTION 664 RESOLVEND lating to reprobation ; containing or expressing reprobation; condemning in strong terms. Re pro due tion (re pro-due" tion), n. The process by which new individuals are generated, and the pet petuation of species insured; the process by which new organisms are reproduced from the already existing. "There is also a reproduction of mankind, but not by the ordinary method of propagation as now."— Hale: Orig. of Mankind, p. 217. Re prov al (re-prov'al), w. The act «f reprov- ing; reproof, admonition. "In making any small reproval sweet."—Sid- ney: Arcadia, bk. iii. Re prove (re-prove ), v. t. Syn.—Reprove, Re- buke, Reprimand. Reprove is personally to ex- press one's disapprobation to another, commonly one's junior or inferior. It may le no more than the simple expression of it in a very few words, or even by a sign. Rebuke indicates a certain manner in reproving, such as straightforwardness outspokenness and moral courage, especially where an inferior goes out of his way to rebuke a superior, as not being afraid to do so. A Reprimand is given by one in authority, and is thus always an official and formal act; as, the soldier was reprimanded by his captain.—Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Rep sil ver (r^p^sil'ver), n. [Eng. reap, and stiver.] (Feudal Law.) Money paid by servile tenants to their lord, to be quit of the service of reaping his own corn or grain. Rep til i an (rep-tll'i-an), a. Reptilian age. (Paleon.) The first appearance of reptiles is believed to be indicated by remains of a marine Saurian (Eosaurus acadianus) of Carboniferous age. Proterosaurus is found in the Permian, In Mesozoic times the Reptilian type appears in such variety and in such a high state of develop- ment that this era has been distinguished as the Reptilian age. In the Trias large marine Sauri- ans and Dinosaurs are met with; the more gigantic forms were developed in the Jurassic period; and the class attained its highest culmi- nation in the Chalk. Re pug nable (re-ptig'-na-ble), a. [Fr.] Cap- able of being resisted. [.Rare.] "And the demonstration proving it so ex- quisitely, with wonderful reason and fa«ility, as it is not repugnable."—North: Plutarch, p. 262. Re pu ri ty (re-pti'ri-fy), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. purify. ] To purify again. "The joyful bliss for ghosts repurijled."— Daniel: Complaint of Rosamond. Req ui si tion ist (rdk'-wl-zl'-'shun-lst). One who makes or signs a requisition. "Mr. W. Saunders, representing the requisi- tionist."—London Daily Telegraphy Jan. 10, 1885. Re quis i tor (re-quls'I-tor), n. [Lat.] One who makes requisition; specif., one empowered by a requisition to investigate facts. Rere dos (rere'dds), n. [Eng. rere, a., and Fr. dos (Lat. dorsum,)—the back.] (Arch.) (a) A fire-back, (b) The screen at the back of an altar. It is sometimes composed of sculptured work in tabernacles, niches, and statuary of a very sumptuous character, and at other times, of 6imple painted wall decorations in geometric patterns; or the wall is cut in geometrio patterns in relief over its surface; occasionally hangings of silk or tapestry hung over the wall, forming a background to the altar decorations, (c) The screen in front of the choir, on which the rod was displayed. (d) The wall or screen at the back of a seat, (e) An open hearth, upon which fitres were lighted, immediately under the louvre. Re re line (ra're-fine"), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. refine A To refine again. " I rerefine the court." —Massinger: Emperor of the East, i. 2. Re reign (re-ram7), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. reign, v.] To reign or rule again. Res eat (r&s'e&it), v. t. [Sp. rescatar.] To ran- som. \Obs.~] * Reseating so many English slaves." —Howell: Letters, bk. i., § 5, let. 20. Res cat (rfts'e&t), n. [Sp. rescafe.j A ransom, a rescue, relief. [O&s.J "We must pay reseat four or five pagies a man."—Hacklujft: Voyages, ii. 222. Rescind able (re-sglnd'a-ble), a. Capable of being rescinded, revdked, or annulled. Re seind ment (re-sgind'mSnt), n. The act of rescinding; the state af being rescinded,; re- scission. Res cus see (rSs'ctis-see'Oi w. [MM. Eng. res- cows = rescue; Eng. suff. -ee.] (Law) One who is rescued from lawful custody. Res CUS sor (rSs'cue-sOr"), n. [Mid. Eng, res- coua = resue; Eng. suff. -or.] (Law) One who rescues a person or thing from lawful custody. Re seal (re-seal'), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. seal, v.] To seal again. Used spec, of the sealing a second time of a writ to continue it or divest it of some irregularity. Re search ful (re-sfcarch'ful), a. Full of re- search; making research; inquisitive. [.Rare.] Resect, (re-sect'), v. t. [Lat.resectus, pa. par. of reseco = to cut off: re = back, again, and seco — to cut.] To cut a pare off. Re sec tion (re-sec tion), n. [Lat. resectio, from resectus, pa. par. of reseco.] (Surg.) The removal of the articular extrem- ity of a bone, or of the ends of the bones in a false articulation. Re sem blant (re-§£mblant), a. [O. Fr., pr. par. of resembler = to resemble.] Resembling; exhibiting resemblance. Re sem bier (re-s^m'bler), w. One who or that which resembles. "He would have the name to eat the resemblers of man's voice.' '— P. Holland: Pliny, bk. x., ch. li. Re sem bling ly (re-s6m'bnng-l£), adv. In a resembling manner; so as to resemble; similarly. k*The angel that holds the book, in the revela- tions, describes him resemblingly."—Boyle: Works ii. 402. Re sem in ate (re-sSm'In-ate). v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. seminate.~\ To propagate again; to produce again by seed. [0£>s.] "Without all conjunction it begets and resem- inates itself,"—Browne: Vulgar Errours, bk. iii., ch. xii. Re sent ment (re-sSnt'mSnt), n. Syn.—Re- sentment, Indignation, Anger. Anger is the more general term, and denotes a strong disap- proval of that which is wrong, or what is consid- ered to be wrong. Indignation is a feeling akin to anger, being excited by a real or supposed wrong towards ourselves or others, and in which the existence of injury, though it must mostly follow practically, is not essential. Resentment is more energetic and active than indignation, which may be expressed only in words, or even a look; while resentment seeks to make itself felt. It denotes a stronger feeling of personal dislike against the offender than indignation, which springs from the act. (Fallows' Synonyms Dis- criminated. ) Res er ate (rfis'er-ate), v. t. [Lat. reseratus, pa. p^r. of resero: re- = back, and sero = to fasten with a bolt, to bar.] To unlock, to open. [06s.] " The reserating operation of sublimate." —Boyle: Works, iii. 79. Re serv ance (re-sfcrv'an^e), n. [Lat. reserv- ans, pr. par. of reservo = to reserve.] Reserva- tion. [i2are.] "The reservance of our rights and titles." —Burnet: Records, yol. ii., bk. i., No. 50. Re serve (re-serve7), n. 1. A tract of land set apart for some particular purpose. 2. (Bank.) That proportion of the capital which Is kept in hand to meet average liabilities, and which is, therefore, not employed in dis- counts or Joans. " To help the Bank to keep a strong reserve now."—Evening Standard, June 24, 1*86. 3. (Mil.) Formerly applied to any troops thait could be improvised tor service if the field armies were destroyed. Now it refers rather to those sol- diers who, after having enlisted for a certain period of service, have been a certain tyme with the colours, and then have been passed into the Reserve, in which they are at any time liable to be recalled to the colours, until their full period of enlistment has expired. * The Queen's proelamation calling out the re- serves."—London Daily Telegraphy Oct. 27, 1882. Re Set (re-s6t0, v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. sef.] To set again; to give a new setting to; as, to reset a diamond. Re set ter (re-sfit'ter), n. One who resets or replaces. Re set tie ment (re-ggjt/tle-mSnt), n. The act of settling or colonizing again or anew. * In their resettlement in the holy land." —Bp. Horsley: Sermons, vol. i, ser. 8. Res i donee (r&s'i-den^e), n. Syn.—See House. Residency (resl-den-^y), n. The offiotal resi- dence of a British Resident at the court of a na- tiy& prince in India. ^ We steam siowly along, past the Engjish Res- idency."—Scribneir'1 s Magazine, Sept., 1877, p. 601. Res i dent tiar y ship (res Hien';shar-y-ship), n. The position or offiate of a residentiary. "A residentiary ship in the church of Lincoln." — Wood: Fasti Oxon. vol. 1. (J. Williams.) Res i dent Ship (reg'i-dent-shlp), n. The func- tions of dignity of a resident; the office or posi- tion of a resident. "The residentship at London for the city of Hamburgh." — Wood: Athence Oxon., vol. 1. (Haak.) Residual (re-gld^-al), a. Residual-analysis. (Math.) A branch of analysis which proceeds by taking the difference of a function in two differ- ent states, and then expressing the relation be- tween this difference and the difference of the corresponding states of the variable. Residual- figure. (Geom.) The figure remaining after subtracting a less from a greater figure. Resid- ual-quantity. (Alg.) A binomial connected by the sign—(minus); as, a— b, a — V6 &c. Re- sidual-root. (Alg.) The root of a residual quan- tity; as, Va-b. Re Sid U a ry (re-sId'tt-a-r^\ a. Residuary- clause. The clause in the will of a testator whicb provides for the disposal of the residue of his es- tate. Residuary-devisee. (Law) The person named in the will who is to take all the real prop- erty remaining over above the other devices. Res i due (r6§'i-d£ie), n. (Law) That which, remains over of a testator's estate after payment of all debts and legacies. Electric residue. (See extract). "When a [Leyden] jar has been discharged and allowed to stand a short time, it exhibits a second charge, which is called the electric resi- due.'1''—Qanot: Physics (ed. Atkinson), § 763. Re sid u ous (re-sid'a-otis), a. [Lat. residuus.J Remaining over; residual. Re sign (re-sign'), v.t. Syn. Resign, Abdicate, Relinquish. We can only abdicate a high dig- nity or station. We can resign any situation or office, high or low, or any advantage. We relin- quish that which has for a long time been an ob- ject or pursuit, and which, perhaps, we value highly. The king abdicates the throne; we resign an office or a situation; we relinquish a claim, right, or privilege. Fallows' Synonyms Discrim- inated. Resignation (rSs'Ig-na^tion), n. Syn. See Patience. Re sign ee (rgg'I-nee'Oi n. (Law) The person to whom anything is resigned. Resinous (r6§ in-oCis), a. resinous-electricity. See Negative-electricity. Re sist (re-gist'), n. 1. (Dyeing.) A material ap- plied to cotton cloth to prevent the action of a mordant or colou r, on those portions to which it is applied in the form of a pattern. 3. (Calico-print.) A method of calico-printing in which the white cloth is impressed with fig- ures in resist paste, and is afterwards subjected first to a cold dye, as the indigo vat, and then to a hot dye-bath, the effect being the production of white or colored spots upon a blue ground. Called also Resist-style. Re sist ance (re-sist'an^e), n. Solid of least resistance'. (Mech.) Asoiidof such a form as to experience, in moving in a fluid, less resistance than any other solid, having the same base, length and volume; or, on the other hand, being stationary, to offer the least interruption to the progress of that fluid. In the former case it is the best form for the stem of a ship; in the latter, for the pier of a bridge. Unit of resistance: [See Ohm.] Resistance-boic. (Teleg.) An inclosing- box for a resistance-coil. Re sist ant (re-sist'ant), a. [Lat. resistens, pr. par. of resistor to resist; Fr. resistant; Sp. & Ital. resistente.'] Making or offering resistance; resisting. "The resistant position of Saranarola."—G. Eliot: Romola, eh. lv. Re sist ing ly (re-glst'Ing-l?), adv. So as to resistj with resistance or opposition.—Udal: 1 Join ii. Res o lu ble ness (rfcs'o-lu-bie-n&ss, n. The quality or state of being resoluble. "Which argues tiie resolubleness of their con- stitution."—Boyle: Works, iii. 438 Res o lu tion (rds'o-la^tion), n. [Matji.') The operation of separating any expression into fac- tors; that is, the operation of finding two or more expressions such, that their product is equal to the given expression. Resolution of nebula: (Astron.) The exhibition, by icveans of a very powerful telescope, that the diffused light of a nebula is really that of a multitude of ex- ceedingly distant stars. Re solv a bil i ty (re-sfllv'a-blFX-ty), n. The quality, property, or state of being resolvable; resolvableness, resc&ubility. Re SOlv end (re-sdlvend), n. [Lat. resolvendus, fut. pas. par. of resofoo=to resolve.] (Arith.) The number which arises from in- creasing the remainder after subtraction in ex- tracting the sqiuare or cube root. Notation: a, 0,1, 0, «, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, y, short; c&re, far, l&st, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; d®ne, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; f&rl, r\jde, pajsh; e> i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as J, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; ij as in lisger, link; tfc as in thine. this page will be fbwnd all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.RESOLVENT 665 RETORT Re solv ent (re-gtilv'ent), a. [Lat. resolvens, pr. par. of resolvo = to resolve.] Having the power or quality of resolving or dissolving; caus- ing solution. Sen o nance (rSs'o-nan^e), n. (Acoustics.) Sound reflec ed by a surface less than 112.5 feet from the spot whence it originally traveled. The direct and the reflected sounds are con- founded, but the one strengthens the other. Bare walls tend to be resonant; walls hung with tapestry are not so. Re sorp tion (re-sOrp'tion), n. 1. The act of resorbing. 2. The act of absorbing a second time. JRe spec tu ous (re-spec7ta-ous), 1. Inspiring respect. "Become respectuous and admirable in the '©yes and sight of the common people."— Knolles: Hist, of the Turks. 2. Respectful. "A respectuous silence."—Boyle: Works, vi. 44. Res pi pa tion (rfes'pl-ra'tion), n. 1. (Bot.) A term occasionally used for the process in plants somewhat anologous to that of respiration in animals. A plant takes carbon deoxide from the atmosphere, decomposing it under the action of chlorophyll ani light, emi ting the oxygen, ami retaining the carbrn to build up the vegetable structure. During darkness, oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide given off, but not in quanti- ties so great as to vitiate the atmosphere of the room in which flowers in pots are kept. 2. {Pathol.) In effusion of pus into the pleura of respiration is bronchial, in one stage of phthsis it may be cavernous, in another puerile. Ren pi ra tion al rSs pi-ra'tion-al), a. Per- taining or relating to respiration; respiratory. Res pite less (rSa'pIte-l^ss), a. Having no res- pite or relief. Re splend i shant (re-splfrnd'l-shant), a. [0. Fr. resplendissant.] Resplendent. [Obs.] "Causest the world to be resplendisshaunt Fabyan: Chronicle, c. xlix. Re splend. ish ing (re-splSndish-mg), a. [Resplendishant.] Resplendent. [Obs.J Sir T. Elyot: The Governor, bk. iii., p. 162. Rest (r6st), v i. Syn. Rest, Recline, Repose. To recline is to lean back for support. Repose is to place oneself in the easiest position for rest. To rest is to cease from labor or exertion, and may be in a standing or any other posture. Re state (re-state ), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. state, v.] To state again or anew. Rest I ness (r^st'i-ness), n. The quality or state of being resty; sluggishness. [06s.] "By restiness and lying still all the winter.1'— P. Holland: Pliny. pt. i., p. 210. Re stipulate (re-stlp'o-late), v.i. [Pref. re-, and Eng. stipulate.'] To stipulate again. Re stip u la tion (re-stlp'u-la^tion), n. The act of restipulating; a new or renewed stipula- tion. "If the astipulation were absolute."—Bp. Hall: Contempt., Hezekiak & Sennacherib. Res to ra tion (rSs'to-ra'tion), n. Syn.—See Recovery. Res to ra tion er (r&8'to-ra"tion-er), n. The same as Restorationist. Res to ra tion ism (rSs'to-ra'-'tion-ism), n. The doctrines or tenets of the Restorationists. Re store (re-store') v.t* Syn.—Restore, Re- turn, Repay. We restore upon a principle of equity; we return upon a principle of justice and honor; we repay upon a principle of undeniable right. We cannot always"claim that which ought to be restored; but we cannot only claim, but en- force the claim in regard to what is to be returned or repaid: an honest man will be scrupulous not to take anything from another without re- storing to him its full value. Whatever we have borrowed we ought to return: and when it is money which we have obtained, we ought to re- pay it with punctuality. (Crabb: Eng. Synonyms.) Re strength, en (re-str£ngth'en), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. strengthen.] To strengthen or for- tify against or afresh. "He doth restrengthen the town and steeple of Glascow.—Holinshed: Scotland (an. 1543.) Re stric tion a ry (re-strie'tion-a-ry) a. Re- strictive. Re strict ive ness (re-striet'lve-n6ss), n. The quality or propert of being restrictive. Re suit (re-sult'), n. Syn.—Result, Effect, Consequence. Of these, Effect may be regarded as the generic, of which others are special forms. Results and Consequences are different forms of effect. The effect follows immediately from the cause, which may be physical, mental or moral. They can, therefore, be generally calculated upon beforehand. Consequences are more re- mote, springing less directly from causes, follow- ing in the train of events, and involving collateral causes or influences. A consequence is, in short, commonly the effect of an effect. Results are still more remote than consequences, and more general, being the sum of all prior causes or operations specified or unspecified. Re suit ant (re-§ult'ant), n. (Math.) An eli- minant. Re suit ing (re-siilt'ing), p.a. Resulting-force or motion. (Mech.) The same as Resultant. Re- sulting-trust. (Law) A trust raised by implica- tion in favor of the author of the trust himself or his representatives. Re suit ive (re-giilt'Ive) a. Resulting, result- ant. [06s,] "A resultive firmness ariseth from their com- plication." Fuller: Church History,ii. (Dedic.) Re suit less (re-stilt'lSss)), a. Having no re- sult; without result. Rc sum moiis (re-stim'mong), n. (Laiv.) A special summons or calling of a person to answer an action where the first summons has been de- feated by any occasion. Re sump tion (re-§fimp'tion) (p. silent), n. [Lat. resumption from resumptus, pa. par. of re- smmo=to resume (q.v.); [Fr. r6somption.] (Eng. Law) The taking again by the Crown of such lands, tenements, &c., as on false suggestions, or other error, had been granted by letters patent. "More than two hundred years had 6ince elapsed without any Resumption Act."—Macau- lay: Hist. Eng.) ch. xxiii. Re sump tive (re-sump'tive) (p silent), n, (Med.) Strengthening or tonic medicine; a re- storative. Re sup ply (re'sup-piy"), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. supply.] To supply again or anew. Resurgence (re-sGrg'engse), n. [Eng. resurg- ent); -ce.] The act of rising again; resurrec- tion. Re Surg ent (re-sftrg'ent), a. [Lat. resurgens, pr. par. of resurgo. ] Rising again; rising from the dead. (G. Eliot: Middlemarch% ch. lxi.) Re Surg ent (re-stirg'ent), n. One who rises again; one who rises from the dead. [Rare.] Res UP rec tion (r£s'ur-r6e"tion), n. Resur- rection-man, The same as Resurrectionist. Res- urrection-pie. A pie made of scraps and leavings of meat, vegetables, &c. "'I never heard of resurrection-pie,' faltered Mrs. Lancaster, dexterously, waving her son's inquiry, * What is it made of?'"—E. J. Worboise: Sissie, ch. xx. Resurrection-plant. (Bot.) Sela- ginella lepidophylla. Re SUS citable (re-stis'^i-ta-ble), a. Lat. re- suscit(o) = to resuscitate.] Capable of being res- uscitated or restored to life. " The apothecary told the virtuoso that he had really prepared resuscitable plants a different way from that which others pretended to."—Boyle; Works, v. 605. Re sns ci tant (res-s\1s'£i-tant), a. [Lat. resus- citans, pr. par. of resuscito=to resuscitate. Re- suscitating; having the quality of resuscitating. Re SUS ci tant (re-sus'^l-tant), n. One who or that which resuscitates. Ret (ret), v.t. [Dut. reten. To subject flax to the action of retting (q.v.) Retain (re-tain'); v.t. Syn.—See Keep. Re tain ment (re-tain m^nt), n. The act of retaining. "We will add to all this the retainment of the same name which the deceased had here.".—More; Immortality of the Soul, bk. iii., ch. xi. Re tar da tion (re'-tar-da"tion), n. 1. That which retards, delays or hinders; an obstruction. 2. (Mus.( (a) A gradual slackening of pace in the performance of a passage, (6) The holding on of a concordant note into the succeeding chord, in such a manner that it becomes a discord, whioh is resolved upwards. A discord of retardation is thus opposed to a discord of suspension, the latter being resolved downwards. Three or more parts may be retarded or sus- pended, and retardations and suspensions may occur in the same chord. Retell (re-tSll'), v.t. [Pref. re-,and Eng. tell.] To tell again; to repeat. Re ten tion (ro-t6ntion), n. (Scots Law) A lien; the right of withholding debt or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming this right be duly paid. Re te por a (re-te'por-a), n. [Lat. rete=a net, and porus=a passage, a channel.] (Zool,.) (a) A genus of Escharid®. Ccenoecium branched, often reticulated. Tertiary and recent. (6) A genus of Fenestellidae, called by Prof. King Phyllopora. Silurian to the Cretaceous rocks (?). Ret e pore (ret'e-pOre), n. [Retepora.] Any individual of the Retepora (q.v). Re tex (re-t6x') v.t. [Lat. retexo=to unweave.] To unweave, to undo, to annul. [06s.] "Neither king James, king Charles, nor any parliament, did ever appoint that any of his orders should be retexed."—Hacket: Life of Williams, p. 57. Re ti a ry (re'shi-a-r^), a. [Lat. retiarius.] 1. Like a net; retiform. 2. Weaving or using nets or webs to catch their prey. " We will not dispute the pictures of retiary spiders and their position in the web."—Browne: Vulgar Errours, bk. v., ch. xix. 8. Armed with a net; hence skillful to entrap or entangle. Ret i cle (rSt'i-cle), n. [Lat. reticulum, dimin. from rete—a net.] 1. A reticule, a hand-bag. 2. A reticulated-micrometer. Re tic u la ted (re-tie" u-la'ted), a. (Min.) Ap- plied to minerals occuring in elongated crystals, or fibres which are more or less parallel, and crossed by a similiar grouping, so as to exhibit meshes like those of a net. Reticulated-glass. (Glass.) A species of ornamental glass ware, formerly made in Venice and recently revived. It is produced by a network of air-bubbles in- closed in a glass, and arranged in regular inter- lacing series. Reticulated-micrometer. A kind of micrometer invented by Malvasia, and used for measuring small celestial distances. It con- sists of an eye-piece of low power, having stretched across it a number of wires at right angles to, and at equal and known distances from each other. Ret in al (r6t'In-al), a. [Eng. retin(a);-al.'] Be- longing or pertaining to the retina. Re tin a lite (re-tin'a-lite), n. [Gr. prjn'frj (rher tine)=resin, and \L6oq (lithos(=Btone.] (Min.) A massive serpentine with a resinous lustre. Retinitis (ret'ln-i^tis), n. [Eng. retin(a); suff. -itis.] (Pathol.) Inflamation of the retina, the three forms being diffuse, exudative, and nephritic; the last is found in cases of Bright's disease. Re tir o cy (re-tir'a-^y), n. 1. The act of re- tiring; the state of having or being retired. [Rare.] Bartlett. 2. A competency on which to retire. [J7 5.] Re tire (re-tire), v. t, 1. To make or cause to withdraw from active service: to place on the re- tired list; as, to retire an officer. 2. (Com..) To withdraw from circulation by taking up and paying. "That the banks be forbidden to retire their currency except upon reasonable notice."—Lon- don Daily Telegraph, Dec. 7, J 881. Re tired (re-tired), a. Fond of seclusion, privacy, or retirement; as, a person of retired habits. Retired-flank. (Fort.) A flank bent inward toward the rear of the work. The addi- tion of such flanks, partially closing the gorge, changes a redan to a lunette. Retired-list. (Mil. and Naval.) A list on which superannuated and retired officers are placed. "He was placed on the retired-list with the rank of Rear-Admiral."—St. James Gazette, Sept. 10, 1886, p. 12. Re tir ing (re-tlr'ing), a. 1. Withdrawing; going into solitude or seclusion; retreating. 2. Reserved or shy in disposition; not for- ward or obtrusive. Retirement (re-tlre'ment), n. Syn.—Re- tirement, Solitude, Seclusion, Loneliness, Privacy. Privacy is opposed to publicity, and is a con- dition of persons. Retirement is a condition both of places and persons. Privacy may be of short duration; retirement implies a longer dura- tion. Hence we say "hours of privacy;" "a life of retirement." Solitude and seclusion imply more than this—an absence from all society; while both privacy and retirement are compatible with the companionship of a few, but in different senses. Seclusion is sought; solitude may be im- posed. Loneliness has been well defined the solU tude of the heart. Some have never felt more lonely than in a crowd, where it has been an ut- terly strange and unsympathizing one. As pri- vacy is opposed to publicity, so retirement may be opposed to sociality; solitude, to society; se- clusion, to sociability; loneliness to companion- ship. Re tir ing (re-tlr'ing), p. a. Given to or suitabie for one who retires or is retired from public ser- vice; as, a retiring allowance or pension. Re tort (re-tort'), n. Syn.—Retort. Repar- tee. Repartee is a far less grave word than re- tort, being restricted to meaning a sharp, ready, and witty reply; while retort is applied to matters more earnest, as arguments, accusations, and the like. In repartee there is more of wit; in retort Hotation: a, 6,1, 0, fl, y, long; &, e, I, 6, ft, f, short; cftre, far, l&st, fall, what; th£re, veil, tferm; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, rude, p«sh; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.RETRAN SFORM 666 RHAMNUS there is more of logic. Repartee throws back a joke upon the joker; retort throws back the issues of an argument upon the arguer. Re trans form (re'trans-form''), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. transform.] To transform anew; to change to a former state. Re trans for ma tion (re-tr&ns'for-ma^tion), n. A second transformation; a change back, as to a former condition. Re trans late (re'trans-late''), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. translate.] To translate again; to trans- late back again to the original language. Re treat (re-treat'), n. A period of retirement with a view to religious self-examination, medi- tation. and special prayer, and lasting generally for three or seven days. Re treat fill (re-treat ful), a. Affording or serving as a retreat. [Rare.] Re treat meiit (re-treat7m6nt), n. Retreat. "Our Prophet's great retreatment. "—B^Urfey: Plague of Impertinence. Re trieve (re-trieve ), n. The finding and re- covery of game which has been shot. "We'll bring Wax to the retrieve." —Ben. Jonson: Staple of News, iii. 1. Ret ri ment (ret rl-mSnt), n. [Lat. retrimen- turn.] Refuse, dregs. Re tro-, ret ro (re-tro-, rSt-rO), pref. [Lat. a comparative form from re-, red-=back.] A pre- fix in words from the Latin, signifying back or backward. Per recte et retro: (Mus.) Retro- grade imitation. Re tro cop u lant (re/tro-c6p/'tl-lant), a. Cop- ulating backward or begetting young from behind. Re tro cop u la tion (re'tro-e<5p'a-la//tion), n. [Pref. retro-, and Eng. copulation ] The act of retrocopulating. "From the nature of this position there ensueth a necessity of retrocopulation."—Browne: Vul- gar Errours, bk. iii.. ch. xvii. Re tro gen er a tive (r6'tro-gSn//er-a-tIve), a. [Pref. retro-, and Eng. generative.] Copulating r from behind: retrocopulant. Re tro grad ing ly (r^tro-grad'Ing-ljf.) adv. by retrograde motion. Re trorse (re-tr6rse'), a. [Lat. retrorsus, for re- troversus, from rectro=backwards, and versus, pa. par. of verto=to turn] (Bot.) Turned back- wards. Re try (re-try), v. t. To try again; to give a sec- ond trial to. Rett ing (rett'lng), n. 1. The act or process of steeping flax or hemp, for the purpose of loosening the fibre from the boon and woody portions by the softening of the gummy portion which binds them. Dew retting is accomplished by exposing the flax stalks to the weather, with- out steeping, the sun, showers, and air rotting the woody portion and washing away the mucil- age. Also called Rotting. A place where flax is retted; a rettery. Re tnrn (re-tfirn), v. t. Syn.—See Restore. Re turn (re-tftrn'), v. i. Syn.—See Revert. Re turn (re-tttrn'), n. 1. {Mining.) The air which ascends after passing through the work- ings of a coal-mine. (PI.): A kind of light colored and mild tobacco made from th? young leaves of the plant. Return-chaise. A chaise returning from its destination empty. Re turn (re-turn7), v. t. or i. [Pref. re-, and Eng. turn, v.] To turn again. "And anxious (helpless as he lies and bare) Turns and returns her, with a mother's care." —Pope: Homer: Iliad xvii. 8. Re un ion (re-ftn'yun), n. A meeting or festive gathering, as of friends, associates, or members of a society, &c. Reuss ine (rus'm), n. [After Reuss; suff. -ine\ Ger. reussin. ] (Min.) An impure mirabilite. Rev a les cence (r^a-lSs^en^o), n. The quality or state of being revalescent. Rev a les cent (r6v'a-ies"$ent), a. [Lat. reva- iescens, pr. par. of revalesco: re=again, and valesco, incept, of valeo—to be well.] Beginning to grow well or recover. Re veal (re-veal'), v. t. Syn.—Reveal, Di- vulge. To Reveal (literally, to draw back the veil which hid an object) differs from divulge, inasmuch as reveal implies no more than the bare fact of antecedent ignorance, not any pro- priety or obligation of concealment. To divulge is to give knowledge of facts before kept secret. To reveal is this, and more. It is applicable to what was unknown from being high, abstruce or mysterious. It applies also to principles as well as facts, and to knowledge in its broadest ac- ceptation. Re veg e tate (re-veg;e-tate), v. t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. vegetate.] To vegetate anew or a second time. Rev el mas ter (rSv^el-mas'ter), n. The same as Soul of Misrule. Re venge (re-v£nge'), v. t. Syn—Revenge, Vin- dicate, Avenge. The idea common to these terms is that of taking up some one's cause. To avenge is to punish in behalf of another; to revenge is to punish for one's self; to vindi- cate is to defend another. The wrongs of a person are avenged or revenged; his rights are vindicated. Re venge a ble (re-venge'a-ble), a. Fit to be avenged; calling for revenge or vengeance. "Induring wrong. Revengable in season." — Warner: Albions, England, bk. vii. Re venge ance (re-venge angej, n. Revenge, vengeance. [Obs.] " Be content with a meane revengeance.n —Vives: Instruct. Christian Woman, bk. ii., ch. v. Rev e nue (r6v'e-ntte), n. Revenue-cutter. A sharp-built, single-masted vessel, armed, for the the purpose of preventing smuggling, and en- forcing the custom-house regulations. Revenue- officer. An officer of the customs or excise. Re ver ber a to ry (re-ver'ber-a-to-rjf), a. Reverberatory-furnace. (Metall.): A furnace in which ore, metal or other material is exposed to the action of flame, but not to the contact of burning fuel. The flame passes over a bridge and then downward upon the material, which is spread upon the hearth. The reverberatory- furnace for copper has a furnace-chamber, hearth, two tuyeres, and two cisterns, into which the molten results of the process are diocharged. Re verse (re-verse'),a. Reverse-bearings. (Sur- vey.) The bearing of a course, taken from the second end of the course, looking backwards. If a direct bearing is N. 23° E., the reverse bear- ing will be S. 23° W. Reverse-curve, reverzed- curve. (Rail-eng.) A double curve, formed of two curves lying in opposite directions, like the letterS. Reverse-fire. (Mil.) Fire on the ene- my's rear by troops of the army the front of which the enemy is engaging. Reverse-lever. (Steam-eng.) A lever or handle which operates the valve-gear, so as to reverse the action of the steam. Reverse-motion. (Mus.) Movement by inversion of intervals. Reverse-operation. (Math.) An operation in which the steps are the same as in a direct operation, but taken in a contrary order. Thus, division is the reverse of multiplication. Re ver sis (re-vet'sls), n. A game of cards. Re verter (re-vfert'er), n. 1. One who or that which reverts. (Law) Reversion. Re ves ture (re-ves'tare), n. Vesture, cloth. [Obs.] "The aultars . . . were hanged with riche re- vesture of clothe of gold."—Hall: Henry VIII. (an. 12). Re vet (re-v6t'), v. t. [Fr. revetir=to revest.] (Fort, and Civil Eng.) To face, as an embank- ment, with mason-work or other material. Re view (re-vn'), v. t. (Law) (a) To consider or examine again; to revise, to reconsider: as, To review a judgment. (b) To reexamine, to retax: as, To review a bill of costs. Re view (re-vn')* v. i. 1. To look back. (Denham.) ft. To write reviews; to be a reviewer: as, He reviews for the Times. Re view (re-vu'), n. 1. (Law) The revi- sion of any interlocutor, deoree, or sentence, or sentence, against which a person has reclaimed or appealed: the power which a superior court has of reviewing the judgment of an inferior court. 2. (Scholastic.) A general examination in the work of the past month. Bill of Review: (Law) A bill filed to reverse or alter a decree, if some error in law appears in the body of the decree, or if new evidence has been discovered after the decree was made. Re view a l>le (re-vu'a-ble), a. Capable of being reviewed; fit to be reviewed. Re view al (re-vu'al), n. A review or crit- ical notice of a book; a critique. [Rare.] "I have written a reviewal of 'Lord Howe's Life.' "—Southey: Letters, iv. 545. Rev i res cence (rSv'i-rSs"^^), n. [Lat. revirescens, pr. par. of reviresco = to grow green again ; viresco=to grow green, from vireo = to be green.] A revival of strength or youth. [06s.] "A serpent represented the divine nature on account of its long age and revirescence."—War- burton : Divine Legation, bk. iv., § 4. Re viv a ble (re-viv'a-ble), a. That may be revived. Re viv al (re-viv'al). n. 1. (Law) A restora- tion or renewal of validity, force, or effect: as, the revival of a debt barred by the statute of limitations, &c. 3. The reproduction, as of a play at a theatre, after a lapse cf time. Re vi val ism (re-vi'val-igm), n. (Compar. Religions) The spirit prevailing during a re- ligious revival; the method of procedure used to promote a revival. [Recent.] Rev o ca bil i ty (rev'o-ea-bll^l-ty), n. The quality or state of being revocable; revocable- ness. Re volt (re-volt or re-v61t), v.i. To be grossly offended or disgusted; to feel extreme disgust with at. Rev o lu tion a ry (rSv'o-lu^tion-a-ry), a. Revolutionary-calendar. (Calendar.) A calendar designed to be philosophic decreed on Nov. 24, 1793, to commence from the foundation of the French Republic, Sept. 22, 1792. The twelve months were Vend^miaire, Brumaire, Frimaire, Nivose, Pluviose, Ventose, Germinal, Floreal, Prairial, Messidor, Fervid or or Thermidor, and Fructidor. The first three constituted Autumn, the second three Whiter, the third three Spring, and the fourth three Summer. Revolutionary tribunal. (French Hist.) The name given on Oct. 30, 1793. to what had before been called the Extraordinary Tribunal. It sent many victims to the guilotine. Rev o lu tion a ry (rgv'o-lo^tion-a-rt), n. A revolutionist. [Rare.] "A number of regiments has sided with the revolutionaries." — London Standard, Jan. 9, 1886. Re volve (re-v6ive'), v.i. To return; to fall back; to devolve. [Rare.] "He here speaks of the godhe&d being com- municated or imparted to the Son, and revolving again to the Father."—Waterland: Works, iii. 458. Re volve (re-vtflve'), v. t. 1. To turn or roll round, as on an axis; to rotate. 2. To turn or roll back. [Rare.] "From and behind each eye arises an elegant yellowish white crest, revolved backward as a ram's horn." Cook: Third Voyage, bk. iv. ch. vii. 3. To turn over in examination. [Obs.] "In a day I revolved the registers in the cap- itol.— The Golden Boke, let. xii. Re VOlV ing (re-v<51v'ing), p.a. Revolving- grate. (a.) A form of grate which exposes differ- ent portions in turn to the feed-opening and to the greater fire heat so as to coke the coals, and then gradually bring them to the point where the fire is more urgent, (b.) An ore-roasting furnace with a horizontal revolving-hearth. Re- volving-harrow. (Agric.) A harrow which rotates in a plane parallel to the earth's surface, to as- sist the dragging action of the teeth. Revolving- light. One character of light as displayed from a lighthouse. It is produced by the revolution of a frame with three or four sides, having reflect- ors of a larger size than those used for a fixed light, grouped on each side with their axes par- allel. The revolution exhibits once in one or two minutes, as may be required, a light gradu- ally increasing to full strength, and then decreas- ing to total darkness. Revolving-pistol. (Fire- arms.) A revolver. Revolving-sun. A pyrotech- nic device, consisting of a wheel upon whose per- iphery rockets of different styles are fixed, and which communicate by conduits, so that they are lighted in succession. Re ward ful (re-ward'ful), a. Yielding or bringing forward; rewarding. [Rare.] "Nor heed rewardful toil, nor seeken praise." —Thomson: Castle of Indolence. Rew et fro'et), n. [Fr. roueU dimin. from roue—a wheel.] The lock of a gun. Re win (re-win'), v.t. [Pref. re-, and Eng. win.] To win again; to recover. Rliab doid al (rhab-doid'al), a. Rabdoidal. Rlia cliis (rha'ehis), n. The same as Rachis. Rhse tiz ite (rhse'tiz-lte), n. [From Rhceti(a)% the ancient name of the Tyrol; z connect, and suff. -ite-. Ger. rhaticit.] (Min.) A white variety of Cyanite. Rhani nus (rMm'nfis), n. [Mod. Lat. from Lat. rhamnos; Gr. pdfjivos (rhamnos) = buckthorn. Wight and Arnott consider the Greek word to signify properly a branch, and to have been given to the plant on account of its numerous branches.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants, the typical one of the order Rhamnaceee. The calyx if four- or five-cleft, the petals are sometimes wanting; ovary three- or four-celled. The berry consists of two to four nuts, each one-seeded. Notation: a, e, ], 0, ti, y, long; a, e, I, <5, ii, f, short; cftre, fftr, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. f[)GF*0TL this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.RHAPHE 667 RIDING %. ( Pharm.) Rhamni bacon, Spince Cervini bac- c)ov (rheon\ pa (rha) =common rhubarb, from Rha=the Volga, near which it grows.) (Bot.) Rhubarb; a genus of Polygoneee. The roots of some species yield a valuable cathartic.. Rhi nan thus (rhl-nan'thfis.) n. [Pref. rhin- (q. v.), and Gr. avQos (anthos) = a flower. Named from the form of the corolla.] (Bot.) Yellow-rattle: The typical genus of Rhinanthi- dese. Reine Rhene (rhlne, rhene.) n. [A. S. ryne = a watercourse; Wei. rhyn—a channel.] A wa- tercourse; a wide ditch or dike. "Sedgemoor .... was intersected by many deep and wide trenches which, in that coun- try, are called rhines."—Macaulay: Hist. Eng. ch. v. Rhino-, Rliin-, (rhl'nO, rhln), pref. [Gr. pi's (rhis), genit. piros (rhinos) = (l)the nose, (2) the nostrils.] Of or belonging to the nose or the nostrils; nasal. Rhi no plan tie (rhVno-pl&s^tic), a [Fr. rhin- oplastique.] Forming a nose. Rhinoplastic- knife. (Surg.) A knife used in the Tagliacotian operation for artificial nose. Rhinoplastic- operation. (Surg.) A surgical operation for forming an artificial nose, or for restoring one partially lost. Also called the Taliacotian or Tagliacotian operation, from Jaspar Tagliacoz- zi, a surgeon of Bononia, by whom it was intro- duced about 1553. Tagiiacozzi obtained the piece for the replacement by dissection from the shoulder or arm of the patient. Diston introduced the plan of cutting the piece from the forehead of the noselase. Rhi no pi as ty (rhrno-pl&s-ty), [Rhinoplas- tic.] The same as Rhinoplastic-Operation (q. v.) Rhi pip ter a (rhl-plp'ter-a), n. pi. [Gr. pirn's (rhipis) — a fan, and KTepov (pteron)=a wing.] (Entom.) Strepsiptera (q. v). (Latreille.) Rhi za-, Rhi-zo-, Rluz-, (rln'za, rhi'zo, rhlz) pref. [Gr. pi$a (rhiza)—& root.] (Bot., Zo6l-, cfec.) Of or belonging to a root, or anything resembling it. Rhi zo mor pha (rhyzo-mOr^pha), n. [Pref. rhizo, and Gr. f*op tj (morphe)= form.] (Bot.) An old genus of Fungi found on root-like bodies, which are really the imperfect state of various other genera. Rhi zoph or a (rhl-z6ph'or-a), n. [Pref. Notation: a, e, l, rhizo-% and Gr. opos (phoros) = bearing. Named from the aerial roots which it throws out.] (Bot.) Mangrove; the typical genus of Rhizo- phoracese. Calyx four-"parted; petals four, acute; stamens eight to twelve. The stem separates in- to roots some distance above the water. The wood of Rhizophora Manql-e is good and durable, the fruit sweet and eatable, and the fermented juice forms a light wine. The bark is good for tanning. Salt also is extracted from its aerial roots. Rho di zite, rho di cite (rho di-zite, rho dl- Site), n. [Gr. po8i£io (rhodizo) = to tinge red; suff. -ite (Min.).] (Min.) An isometric mineral, found very rarely, and only in small crystals, on rubellite in the neighborhood of Ekaterinburg, Perm, Rus- sia. Hardness, 8; sp. gr. 3*3 to 3*42; lustre, vit- reous: color, white; translucent; pyro-electric. Not yet analysed, but from its blow-pipe reactions it is supposed to be a lime boracite. Rhod o ill on tade (rhdd'o-mon-tade''), n. A rodomontade. Rhomb r<5m), n. (Crystall.) A rhomb- ohedron. FresnePs rhomb. (Optics.) An ap- paratus for converting plane into circular- polarized light. [Polarization of Light.] It is a parallelopiped of glass of such length and angles that a ray of light entering one small end at right angles, twice suffers total re- flection within the rhomb at an angle of about 54° (depending on the polarizing angle of the glass), and finally emerges at right angles from the opposite small end. When the beam of light is plane polarized, and the rhomb is bo arranged that its reflecting faces are inclined at an angle of 45° to the plane of polarization, the beam emerges circularly polarized. Rhomb-porphyry. (Petrol.) A porphyry which encloses large crystals of orthoclase, presenting a rhombic outline, resulting from a peculiar habit of twinning. First described from the vicinity of Chri*tiania. Rhon ehi so nant (rh6n'chl-s0//nant), a. [Lat. rhonchus = a rattle, a snore, and sonans, pr. par. of sono = to sound. J Snorting. [.Rare. J Rhym er y (rhym'er-j'), n. The act of making rimes. Rhyn cho-, Rhynch- (rhyn-eho-, rhyneh-), pref. [Gr. pvyxos (rhunchos) = a snout.] pav- ing a snout, or any process resembling a snout. Rhyn choph or a (rhyn-ehophor-a), n., pi. [Pref. rhyncho-y and neut. pi. of Gr. <#>opos (phoros) = bearing. ] (Etom.) A tribe of Tetramerous Beetles. It contains the weevils, the footless grubs of which are so injurious to many plants, in the interior of wnose stems, fruits, or seeds they live. Fam- ilies: Curculionidse, Brentidre, Anthribidse, and Bruchidae. Rhyn chops (rh^n'chdps), n. [Pref. rynch-, and Gr. o\f/(ops) = the face.] (Orinith.) Skimmer, Scissor-bill; the sole genus of the sub-family Rhynchopinae, with three species: one from America, one from India, and a third from the Nile and the Red Sea. They differ from the Sterninse in having the bill long and thin; the mandibles very narrow and com- pressed, the lower one being longer than the up- per. Rhyth mic ally (rhyth'mic-al-ly, rith-), adv. In a rhythmical manner; with rhythm. Rhyth ming (rlth'ming), a. Making rimes; riming. (Fuller.) Rhythm less (rithm'ISss), a. Destitute of rhythm. Rhyth mom e ter (rith-mtfm'e-ter), n. [Gr. pvfyxos (rhuthmos) = rhythm, and fxirpov (metron) = a measure.] Any instrument for making time to movements in music. Rib (rib), n. Rib-band. (Shipbuiling.) A long strip of timber following the curvatures of the vessel and bolted to its ribs to hold them in posi- tion and impart stability to the skeleton. A number of these are fastened at different dis- tances from the keel. Ribband lines. {Ship- build. ) Oblique longitudinal sections of the hull. Rib-band nail. (Shipbuild.) Ribbing-nail. Rib- band shore. (Shipbuild.) A strut to support the frame of a ship while building. Their heads rest against the rib-bands, and their bases on the slip or dock. Ribbon (rib'bon), n. 1. A 6hred, a rag; as, The sails were torn into ribbons. J5. (PI.) Carriage reins for guiding a horse or horses. (Colloq.) "Mr. Tom Abbott on each occasion holding the ribbons.''1—Field, Dec. 26, 1885. 3. A continuous strand of cotton or other fibre in a looose, untwisted condition; a sliver. 4. (Carp.) A long, thin strip of wood, or a series of strips connecting a number of parts, 5. (Her.) One of the ordinaries, containing one-eighth part of the bend, of which it is a di- minutive. 6. (Metalworking.) A long, thin strip of metal, such as a watch-spring; a thin steel band for a belt or an endless saw; a thin band of mag- nesium for burning; a thin steel strip for measur- ing, &c. V. (Naut.) The painted mouldings on a ship's side. Blue ribbon. A small piece of ribbon of a blue color on the breast, to indicate that the wearer belongs to the Blue Ribbon Army (q. v.), or at least is a total abstainer. Blue Ribbon Army. A gospel temperance movement inaugurated by Mr. William Noble on Feb. 10, 1878. The head- quarters are at Hoxton Hall, London. The Blue Ribbon. The Order of the Garter. The Blue Ribbon of the Turf. The Derby. The Red Ribbon. The Order of the Bath. To handle the ribbons. To drive. Colloq. or slang. Rib i ble (rib'I-ble), n. [A dimin. of ribibe.] A small ribibe. (Chauncer: C. T., 3,332.) Ric i nol ic (rl^I-ndl^ie, ri^in-o-le'ie), a. [Mod. Lat. (ricinus)i and Eng. oleic.] (Chem.) Derived from or contained in castor oil. Rick; (rick), v. t. To pile or heap up in ricks. Rick stand (rickystand), n. A basement of timber or iron, or sometimes wholly or in part of masonry, on which corn-ricks stand or are built, the object being to keep the lower part of the stack dry and free from vermin. Ride (ride), v. i. Syn.— Ride, Drive. Ride means to be borne along; drive is to urge along. In Great Britain and Ireland, drive is applied in most cases to motion in a carriage, while ride is used of motion on a horse, donkey, etc. In America it is fashionable to use the word drive in either case; as: " I went out for a drive." (Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated.) Ride (ride), v. t. 1. To go over or traverse in riding: as, To ride a mile. To do, make, perform, or execute, as on bprseback: as, To ride a race. Rider (rid'er), n. 1. A Dutch coin, so called from being impressed with the figure of a man on horse-back, and worth about 27s, or $6.50. 2. (Mining) A deposit of ore overlying the principal lode. 3. One who traveled for a mercantile house to collect orders, &c. Now called a traveler. " They come to us as riders in a trade." Crabbe: Borough, let. iv. Ridge (ridge), n. Ridge-band. (Harness) That part of the harness which goes over the saddle on a horse's back, and, being fastened on both sides, supports the shaft of the cart. Ridge-beam. (Carp.) A beam at the upper ends of the rafters beneath the ridge; a crown-plate. Ridge-bone. The back-bone. [Obs.] " The corrupt blood . . . lying cluttered about the ridge-bone."—P. Holland: Plinie, bk. xxii., ch. xxi. Ridge-drill. (Agric.) A drill adapted to sow seed along a ridge which has been listed up, by backing up one furrow against another. Ridge- fillet. [a] (Arch.) The fillet between two chan- nels of a pillar. [b] (Founding) The runner or principal channel. Ridge-hoe. (AgHc,) A form of cultivator for tending crops in drills. Ridge- pole. (Carp.) The piece of board or timber forming the ridge of the roof; a ridge-piece, or ridge-plate. Ridge-tile. (Build.) A semi-cylin- drical tile for covering the comb of a roof. It is twelve inches long, ten inches wide, five-eighths of an inch thick, and weighs about four and a half pounds. A crest-tile; a saddle-tile. Ridge let (ridge'let), n. A small ridge. Ri die u lous (rl-die'tl-lotis), a. Syn. See Lu- dicrous. Riding (riding), n. A ride; a district visited by a ride-officer. [Eng.] Riding-bits. (Ship- build.) Two strong upright timbers near the bows of a ship, to which the cable is secured; they extend through two decks, are connected by a cross piece, and braced against the strain of the cable by horizontal standards bolted to the deck beams. Riding-day. A day of hostile incursions or raids on horseback. Riding-knot. A running knot. Riding-master, [a] One who teaches the art of riding. [6] (Mil.) A commissioned offi- cer especially appointed to superintend the in- struction in a military riding-school. The ap- pointment is usually made from ihe ranks, and held for a specified number of years. Riding- part. A protuberance on the inner ^surface of the joint part of a scissors-blade which forms the 0, Q, y, long: a, 6,1, 6, ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th&re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fSr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; u as in linger, liok; tfa as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.KIDOTTO 668 ROAM touching portion back of the rivet, while the cut- ting portion is at the point of contact of the edges as they move past each other in closing. Ri clot to (rl-d6t to), v.i. To frequent or attend rid ottos. [.Rare.] "And heroines, whilst 'twas the fashion, Ridotto^d on the lural plains." Coivper: Retreat of Aristippus. Riet boc (riet'b&e), n. [Dut. riet—a reed, and bok=a buck.] (Zool.) Antilope arundinaceus, from South Africa. Rather more than four feet in length, and nearly three feet high at shoulder. Horns round, annulated at base. General color dull asey-gray, sometimes tinged with red on the upper parts; silvery-gray on under-surface. Ri fie (ri fle), v.i. To plunder, to pillage, to rob. [ Rare.J Ri He (ri'fle), v.t. & i. To raffle. [O&s.] " Will any man (not desperate) run into an in- fected house to rifle for a rich suit?"—Bp. Hall: Quo Vadisf § 14. Ri tie pit (ri fle-pit), n. (Mil.) A pit or trench which, together with the excavated earth, forms a defence for a rifleman in an advanced position, where he may pick off the enemy's gunners or defend his own line. Rig (rig), n. A strange uncomely feat; a frolic. "He little guessed when he set out Of running such a rigr."—Coivper: John Gilpin. Ri ga (rl'ga), n. [See def.] (Geog.) A city and port of European Russia, seven miles from the mouth of the Dtina. Riga-balsam. A balsam ob- tained from Styrax Benzoin. Riga-fir. (Bot.) Pinus sylvestris, a sfecies of valuable pine found in all parts of Eurojro. Also called Scotch pine. Rig;lit (right), a. Right-ascension. [Ascension.] Right-cone. A cone whose axis is perpendicular to the base. Right-conoid. A conoid in which the rectilineal directrix is perpendicular to the plane director. Right-cylinder. A cylinder whose elements are perpendicular to the plane of its base. Right-prism. A prism whose lateral edges are perpendicular to the plane of its base. Right- pyramid. A pyramid whose base is a regular polygon, and in which the perpendicular let fall from the vertex on the base, passes through the centre of the base. Right-sphere. In spherical projections that position of the sphere in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of the equator. Right spherical angle. A spherical angle included between arcs of two great circles whose planes are at right angles to each other. Right (right), adv. Right away, right off: Im- mjdiately; at once; as, To do a thing right off. | Colloq. U. bons plaited so as to resemble a rose. Rose-lake. A richly tinted pigment, prepared by precipita- ting lac and madder on an earthy basis. Called also Rose-madder. Rose-lashing. (Naut.) A kind of lashing or seizing employed in woolding spars. So termed from its form. Rose-pink, (a.) A coarse kind of lake, produced by dying chalk or whiting with a decoction of Brazil wood, etc. It is a pigment much used by paper-stainers and in the commonest distemper paintings, etc., but too perishable to merit the attention of artists. (M A rosy pink color or hue. Rose-plantain. (Bot.) Plantago major rosea. Rose bud (rose'btid), n. The bud of a rose; the flower of the rose just appearing. Rose bush (rose bush), n. Any of the shrubs or bushes which fall under the genus Rosa. Ros en (rOs'en), a. [Eng. ros(e); adj. suff. -en, as in golden, d&c.] Made of roses; formed of, or resembling roses. [Obs.] "His leaf a rosen chaplet." Romaunt of the Rose. Ros er (rOs'er), n. A rose-tree, a rose-bush. [Obs.] kThey ben like to an hound, when he cometh by the roser, or by other bushes."—Chaucer: Persones Tale. Ros er y (rOs'er-^), n. A place where roses . grow; a rosary. Ro set ta wood (ro-s&fta-wood), n. A name given to a good-sized East Indian wood, imported in logs, nine to fourteen feet in diameter; it is handsomely veined. The general colour is a lively red-orange. The wood is close, hard, and very beautiful when first cut, but soon gets darker. Ro sette (ro-§6tte0, n. (Gas.) 1. A form of gas-burner in which the gas issues at a circular series of holes resembling a rosette. J®. (Metall.) A disc of red copper from the re- fining-hearth or crucible. As the impurities are removed in the shape of scoriae or slag, and the metal exposed, the surface oi the metal is con- gealed by throwing on water. This is called quenching. The hardened crust is of a red color, and is called a rosette. The operation being re- peated, the metal is obtained in a form for ready handling and further treatment, instead of being in a solid mass. It is also known as rose-copper. 3. (Mill.) A circular arrangement of sails in a wiudmill; the vanes attached to radial arms. 4. A red or rosy color. Rose wort (rOse'wtlrt), n. (Bot.) Rose- root. Ros ied (rOg'ied), a. Adorned with roses or their color. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, U, y, long: a, 6, i, 0, ti, y, snori; c&re, far, list, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm: done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, push; e, t, o, silent; $ as s; $h as sh; e. ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; gaez; * as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. Jpl^On this page will toe found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries* not contained in the original Webster.ROSIN OIL 671 ROVE Ros in oil (rOs'in-oil), n. An oil derived from the resin of the pine tree. Used by painters, also for lubricating machinery, &c. [Simmonds.] Ros ma rine (rds^ma-rlne'), n. Sea-dew, sea- spray. Ron ma rine (rfis^ma-rlne'), n. [Norweg. ros- mar=H walrus(ros=a horse, and mar (Lat. mare) = the sea), from which is formed Mod. Lat. ros- maruS) now the specific name of Walrus. There is no connection with the Latin ros marinus [Rosemary.] (Z06I.) The Walrus. At the time Spenser wrote little was known of this animal, but Gesner (Hist. Anim. iv, 239), to whom Spen- ser is indebted, was sufficiently well informed to point out that the picture given of it in Magnus's book was incorrect, both as $o the feet and the tusks, though he quotes Magnus's statement that tne animal was as big as an elephant, that it climbed up the rocks on the sea-shore by the aid of its teeth, and that when it fell asleep after grazing, the fishermen attacked and killed it for the sake of its teeth, which were in high estima- tion for the handles of swords, daggers and knives. "And greedy rosmarines with visages deform." Spenser: F. Q., II. xii. 24. Ross (r6ss), n. [Wei. r/ios.] The refuse of plants; a morass, a marsh. Ross (r6ss), v. t. 1. To strip the ross from. it. To strip bark from. 3. To cut up, as bark, for boiling or steep- ing. Ros tel lum (pi. ros tel la), (rds-tSl'liim), (pi. r68-t£l'la), n. [Mod. Lat., dimin. from Lat. rostrum.'] (Hot.) (a) The rhizoma of an em- bryo. (b) A narrow extension of the upper edge of stigma in certain orchids, a viscid gland con- necting the pollinia in the Bee orchids, &c. (c) (Ft.): Hooks. Ros trum (rfis'trtim), n. 1. (Anat.) Anything shaped like a beak. Thus, there is a rostrum of the sphenoidbone and one of the corpus callo- sum. it. (Bot.) Any beak-like extension, as the stigma of some Asclepiads; the upper end of the cornua of a corona, &c. Rot (r6t), v. t. 1. To expose to a process of par- tial rotting; as, to rot flax. [Retting.] it. Used in the imperative as a sort of impre- cation=hang, confound; as, "Od rot it." Rot (r6t), n. A disease very hurtful to the po- tato, potato disease. Rot-gut. A slang term for bad beer or other liquor. "They overwhelm their panch daily with a kind of rot-gut, we with a bitter dreggish small liquor." —Harvey. yls adj.: A term applied to bad beer or other liquor, as, rot-gut whiskey. Ro ta cism (ro'ta-Qlgm), n. [Gr. pcoTaK 107x0$ (rotakismos.) ] An exaggerated pronunciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; burr. It is common in the north of Eng- gland, especially about Newcastle-on-Tyne. Ro ta ry (rO'ta-r^), Rotary-battery. (Metall.) A stamping battery for crushing ores. The stamps are arranged circularly around a vertical shaft, which carries around an inclined plane that raises and lets fall each stamp in succession. Rotary-blower. A form of blower in which the blast of air is obtained by the rotation of a piston or pistons, or of a fan. Rotary-pud dler. (Metall.) An apparatus in which iron is puddled by rotary mechanism instead of by hand labor. Rotary- pump. A pump whoso motion is circular. There are various kinds; in some the cylinder revolves or rotates, as the case may be, moving in a circu- lar path or rotating on its own proper axis. The more common form of rotary fc>ump is that in which the piston or pistons rotate on an axis. [Pump, n. J Rotary-valve. A valve which acts by a partial rotation, such as the four-way cock or the faucets used in the Worcester, Savary, and early Newcomen steam-engines. Ro tate (ro-tate'), v. i. To do anything as to discharge a function or office, in rotation; to leave office and be succeeded by another. Rotate (ro-tate), v. t. To cause to turn around or revolve, as a wheel. Rotli er soil (rdth'er-soil), n. The dung of horned beasts. [Prou.] Rot u lar (rdt'o-lar), a. (Anat.) Pertaining or relating to the rotula or knee-cap. "The rotular groove is narrow and elevated." —Trans. Amer. Philosoph. Society, 1873, p. 199. Rou anne (rQU-anne7), n. [Fr.] An iron used for branding. Ronche (rosh), n. [Ruche.] A goffered quill- ing or frill of silk, net, lace, &c., for trimming ladies' dresses. [Simmonds.J Rou et (ro-aOi n. [Fr.] A small, solid wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for the purpose of discharging them. Rouge drag on (rozh^dr&g'on), n. One of the pursuivants of the English heraldic establish- ment, so called after the Red Dragon, the sup- posed ensign of Cadwaladyr, the last king of the Britons. Rough (riif), n. 1. The quality or state of being rough, coarse, or unfinished; original state (with the): as, a statue in the rough. it. Rough weather. [Obs.] "In calms you fish; in roughs, use songs and dances."—Fletcher: Piscatory Eclogues, vii. 3. A rowdy; an insolent, coarse fellow; a bully. Rough (riif), v. t. To break in, as a horse, es- pecially for military purposes. To rough it: To put up with hardships ; to live without proper accommodation. "Roughing it for a month or so in this wild region."—Scribner's Magazine, Aug. 1877, p. 499. Rough cast er (raf//e^st/er), n. One who rough-casts. Rough ing (rtifing, n. 1. The act of making rough. it. (Hat-making.) The hardening of a felt- felted hat-body by pressure, motion, heat, and moisture. Roughing-in. (Plaster.) The first coat of three-coat plastering when executed on brick. Roughing-mill. (a) A lapidary's wheel, used in roughing down the surface of gems to make facets. It is of iron, mounted on a vertical axis, and its upper disc is touched with diamond- dust for the harder gems. (6) A grinding-mill used by lapidaries, consisting of a small copper disc, with a face turned true and flat, in which spicules of diamond are imbedded by hammering. Roughing-rolls, or rollers. (Metal ivorking.) The first set of rolls in a rolling-mill, which operate upon the bloom from the tilt or shingling-ham- mer o r the squeezer, as the case may be, and re- duce it to the bar form. Rough, legged (riiflSgd), a. (Ornith.) Hav- ing legs covered with feathers. Rough scuff (rtif'setiff), n. 1. A rough, rude fellow ; a rough. it. The riff-raff; the lowest class of the people; the rabble. Rough string (rtif''string), n. A carriage- piece. Rouke (rouke), v. i. [Ruck.] To lie close, to cower. \Prov. Eng.] Rou lade (rg-lftde7), n. [Fr.] (Mus.) An em- bellishment ; a flourish; an ornamental passage of runs. Rou lette (rou-lfitte7), n. An instrument used in engraving, mechanical drawing, and plotting, for making dotted lines. It has a wheel with points, which, for use on paper, is dipped into india-ink, so that the points impress a series of black dots or marks as the wheel revolves. Rounce (rounge), n. [Cf. Fr. ronce—a bramble; ranche=& round, a step, a rack]. (Print.) A winch with roller and strap by which the carriage or bed of a press is run in and out under the platen. Roun ce val (roun^e-val), a. [From Ronces- valles, a town in Spain, at the foot of the Pyren- ees, where the bones of the gigantic heroes of Charlemagne's army were pretended to be shown. Large, powerful, strong. "Dig garden And set as a dainty thy rrincival pease." Tusser: Husbandry. Roun ce val (roun'^e-val), n. A giant; hence, anything very large and strong. [Obs.] Round (round), a. Round-buddle. (Metall.) A circular frame for working on metalliferous slimes. Round-chisel. An engraver's tool, having a rounded belly. Round-game. A game,as at cards, in which an indefinite number of players can take part, each playing on his own account. Round- tool. (Wood-turning.) A round-nosed chisel for making concave moldings. Round-top. (Naut.) A platform at the mast-head ; a top. Round-trot. A quick trot, in which a horse throws out his feet roundly. Round-turn. (Naut.) One turn of a rope around a timber; or of one cable around another, caused by the swinging of the ship while at anchor. Round-up. (Shipbuild.) The con- vexity of a deck. Round (round), n. 1. A vessel filled with liquor, as for drinking a toast. [i?ow.] " A gentle round fill'd to the brink; To this and t'other friend I drink." Suckling. it. A kind of target for archery shooting. " I lost the challenge at shooting at rounds, and won at rovers."—Burnet: Records, bk. ii. 3. (Brewing,) A vessel in which the fermenta- tion of beer is concluded. The rounds receive . the beer from the fermenting tun, and discharge the yeast at their bungholes into a discharging- trough. 4. The rung of a ladder. "But when he once attains the upmost rounds He then unto the ladder turns his back." Shakesp.: Julius Ccesar, ii. 1. Gentlemen of the round: Gentlemen soldiers, but of low rank, who had to visit and inspect the sentinels and advanced guard; a disbanded sol- dier gone a-begging. [Ofcs.] Round (round) v. t To collect together. (Usual- ly followed by up.) "[Cattle] that have been ranging the open plains. . . have just been rounded up, and ore at last penned in a coral."—Scribner's Magazine9 April, 1880, p. 930. Round a bout (round7a-bout), n. 1. An arm- chair with a rounded back. it. A scene of incessant change, revolution, or bustle. Round a bout ness (round'a-bout-nSss), n. The property or state of being roundabout or cir- cuitous. Roun del (roun'del), n. (Anc. Annor.) (a) The small circular shield carried by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It was. composed of osiers, wood, sinews, or ropes, cov- ered with leather or plates of metal, or stuck full of nails in concentric or other figures; some- times made wholly of metal, and either concave or convex, and with or without an umbo or boss. It was held in the hand to ward off a blow, and was somettmes only a foot in diameter, (b) The guard of a lance, (c) A round guard for the armpit. it. (Fort.) A bastion of circular form. 3. (Her. ) A sub-ordinary in the form of a cir- cle. It is improper to say a roundel or, gules, &c., describing it by its tincture; unless, first, in- cases of cou nter-changes, which follow the tinc- tures of the shield; secondly, when the roundel is of fur, or of equal tinctures as a roundel er- mine, a roundel checky or azure. 4. [Poet.] A roundelay. " Come, now a roundel, and a fairy song." Shakesp.: A Midsummer NighVs Dream ii. 3. 5. (Ordn.) A disc of iron having a central aperture, through which an assembling-bolt passes. It serves to separate the stock and- cheeks. Round e lay (round'e-lay), n. 1. A song or tune in which the first strain is repeated. "For sonnet, rhyme and roundelay, Renowned in haughty Henry's court." Scott: Lay of the Last Minstrel, vi. 13. it. The tune to which a roundelay was sung. 3. A dance in which all joined hands in a cir- cle. Round er (round'er), n. 1. One who, or that which rounds. it. A rock-boring tool having a cylindrical form and indented face. 3. A plane used by wheelwrights for rounding off tenons. Round trade (round'trade), n. A term on the Gaboon river for a kind of barter, in which the* things exchanged include a large assortment of miscellaneous articles. Called also Bundle- trade. Rous er (rous'er), n. 1. Anything very great or startling. [Slang, U. S.] it. (Brew.) A stirrer in the hop-copper of a brewery. Rout (rout) v. t. To rout out: (a) To search; thoroughly, and generally to find, (b) To cause to turn out: to drive out. " He was routed out again, but got to ground in. a rabbit hole."—Fields Jan. 23, 1886. To rout up: To hunt up. "They had been routing up a queer-lookingp creature."—Field, Feb. 27, 1886. Route (rgt or rout), n. Syn.—Route, Road, Course. Route is to road as the species to the genus: a route is a circular kind of road; it is chosen as a circuitous direction toward a certain point: the road may be either in> a direct or indirect line ; the route is always indi- rect; the route is chosen only by horsemen, or those who go to a considerable distance; the road may be chosen for the shortest distance; the route and road are pursued in their beaten track; the course is often choeen in the unbeaten track: an army or a company go a certain route; foot- passengers are seen to take a certain course oveir fields.— Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Rove (rove), n. 1. (Boat-building.) A small" copper ring or washer, upon which the end of 8 nail is clinched on the inside of a boat. Notation: a, 6,1, 0, Q, y, long: a, e, 5, 6, ti, y, short; c&re, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, r\jde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; £h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; u as in linger, link; th as in thine. jpg^On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.ROVE 672 ruin 2. (Spinning.) A sliver of wool or cotton elightly compacted by twisting. Also called a Rove. *iRove (rove), n. A roving or rambling about. [Rare.} "In thy nocturnal rove, one moment halt." Young: Night Thoughts, ix. 675. 'Rot ing (rOv'Ing), n. See Rove, n. 2. Roving- frame, roving-machine. A machine in which the process of roving is effected. Roving-heacl. A roving-frame used in the worsted manufacture. Roving-machine. See Roving-frame. Roving- plate. A piece of iron or steel plate which is held to the top of a grindstone with its edge inclined at a small angle, for the purpose of smoothing its surface. Roving-reel. A contrivance for meas- uring the length of a roving, sliver, or hank of yarn. >Row (row), 71. In rows: (Bot.) In lines or ser- ies, which are not necessarily opposite. The number of these rows is often indicated as bifar- ious—in two rows, trifarious = in three rows, &c. Row-culture. (Agric.) That method of culture in which the crops, as wheat, are sown in drills. •How (row), v. i. To be moved by means of oars. "A galley . . . rowed up to the flag ship."— Mickle; Discovery of India. Row dry: An order given to the oarsmen to row in such a manner as not to splash the water. Rowed of all: An order to cease pulling and lay in the oars. Alow boat (rOw'bOat), n. A boat moved by row- ing. "Then each took bow and bolts in hand, Their row-boat launch'd and leapt to land."— Scott: Lord of the Isles, iii. 12. (Row h, Nov. 17, 1885. 4, A raw country girl [Prov. Eng.'] Runt y, (riint'y), a. Short and thick. "A run ty pig tied to a stob."—Harjier's Maga- zine, Oct. 1886, p. 696. *Ru pel la ry, (ru-pgl'la-ry), a, [Lat. rupes= a rock.] Rocky. [Obs.] Ru pert's drop, (rupert's dr6p), n. A small globule of cooled glass with a long, thin projec- tion. When this slender part is broken, the whole globule goes into small fragments. The name was given because the drops were first brought to England by Pj ince Rupert. Rup tu a ry (rup'tu-a-ry), n. [See dcf.] A cor- rupt of Routurier. Rupt ure, (rupt'fire), n. The burst'ng of a< steam boiler in its weakest part, on account of over-pressure; used in contradistinct.on from* explosion. Syn. See Feacture. Ru ral (ra'ral), a. Rural-deanery. The juris- diction of a rural dean or archdeacon. Ii is an» aggregation of parishes. Syn.—Rural, Rustic. rural applies to all country objects except men; it is, therefore, always connected with the charms- of nature; rustic applies only to persons, or what is persons 1, in the country, and is, therefore, always associated with the want of culture. Rural scenery is always interesting; but the rustic manners of the peasants have frequently too much that is uncultivated and rude in them to be agreeable; a rural habitation may be fitted for persons in a higher station; but a rustic cot- tage is adapted only for the poorer inhabitants* of the country. Crabb: Eng Synonyms. Ru ral i ty, (rft-r&Fi-t^), n. The quality or state of being rural; ruralness. Ruralize, (lU'ral-ize;, v. i. To go ii%> the country to live; to live in the country. Rural ize, (ru'ral-ize), v. t. To make rural; to give a rural appearance to. Rush, (rush), a. & n. Rush-bearing, (a) A name- in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and some other parts of England, for the W7ake or Feast of Dedi- cation of a Church, when the parishioners used to strew the church with rushes and sweet-smell- ing herbs. (b) (PL): Devices of wooden fram - work, covered with moss, rushes, and flowers, with which a church is decorated on the Feast of Dedication. Rush-buckler, A bullying, swagger- ing fellow; a swashbuckler. [06s.J "Take unto this number also their servants; I mean all that flock of stout, bragging rush-buck- lers."—Sir T. More: Utopia (ed. Robinson), bk. ii. ch. iv. Rush-broom, (Bot.) The leguminous- genus Yiminaria. Rush-wheat, (Bot.) Triticum junceum, the Rushy Sea-whea*, a plant growing' along sandy sea-shores. Rus set y, (rus's6t-£), a. Of a russet color. Rust ful, (rtisfful), a. Rusty; tending to pro- duce rust; characterized by rust. Rustie, (rflstie), a. Rustic-work, {Wood.) An imitation of roughc r primitive work. Furniture for summer-houses and lawns, made of limb* of trees, taking advantage of natural crooks to* form the shapes desired. Syn. See Rural. Rust joint (rCist'joint), n. (Mech.) A compo- sition of iron-filings and sal-ammoniac, with sometimes a little sulphur, moistened with water and used for filling fast joints. Rus tie (rfls'sl), v. i. (See extract.) [U.S.] "To rustle around is to bestir one's self in a business way. 'What are you going to do in> Mandan?' asked one man of another in a Bis- marck saloon. 4 Oh, I'll rustle around and pickup something,' which meant that he would look about for a good business opening. ' Rustle the* things off that table,' meaias clear the table in a hurry. To do a rustling business is to carry on an active trade."—Century Magazine, August,. 1882, p. 508. Rustler (rus'ler), n. (See extract.) [U» 5.], "He was evidently what they call in Dakota a rustler. To say that a man is a rustler is the highest indorsement a Dakotaji can give. It means that he is pushing, energetic, smart and successful."—Century Magazine, August, 1882, p, 508. Rust less (rtist'l&ss), a. Free from rust. "When once a bloodless and rustless instru- ' ment was found, she was careful of the prize."— C. Bronte: Villette, ch. viii. Ru ta ceous (ru-ta'ceoite-) (ce as sh), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling the natural order Rutaceee. Ru tlie iii um (rft-tJie'ni-tfm), n. [See extract.] "In 1828 Osann stated that he had discovered three new metals in the platinum ores from the Dotation: a, e, 1, 0, tt, ?, long: &, 6,1, 6, ti, f, short; care, f&i>, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, pyfth; e, i, o, silent; $ as s; gh as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 5 as z; 5 as gz; n as in lioger, link; tii as in thine. jpj^On this page will be found all new words; shso all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in tftie original Webster.KUTTY 674 RYTIN A Ural. To one of these he gave the name of ru- theniumt from the name of Russia."—H. E. Ros- coe: Treat, on Chemistry, ii, (pt. ii), 449. (Chern.) A tetrad metallic element discovered by Osann in 1828, and first isolated by Claus in 1846. Symbol, Ru. Atomic weight 104. It occurs in platinum ores, chiefly in osmiridium, and is separated from the latter by heating to redness a mixture of this ore and common salt in a cur- rent of moise chlorine. Rut ty (rtit t$T)i (l)i Abounding in ruts; cut up by wheels. " The impediment of the rutty cart track over- come."— Field, Feb. 13,1866. Rut ty (rtit'ty) a. [For rooty.] Full of roots. 44 Whose rutty bank.... Was painted all with variable flowers." Spenser: Prothalamion, 12. Rye (rye), n. Wild rye. (Bot.) The name of different species of high of the genus Elymus, growing in the United States. Ryn chops (ryn'chdps), n. (Ornith.) The same as Rynchops. Rytli (ryth), n. A ford. [Obs.] Ryt i na (ryl/i-na), n. (Zool.) A recently ex- tinct genus of Sirenia. Edentulous, mast ication being performed by horny oval plates; head very small in proportion to body; tail with two lateral pointed lobes; pectoral limbs small and trunc- ated ; skin nake ri, covered with a thin, hard, rug- ged, bark-like epidermis. Only one species known Rhytina stelleri, the northern Sea-cow. It was discovered by Steller, a German naturalist in the Russian service, in 1741, and was then ex- tremely abundant round Behring's and Copper Island in the North Pacific. The last was sup- posed to have been killed in 1768, but "Norden- skiOld obtained information fiom the natives of Behring's Island which led him to believe that a few individuals may have survived to a much later date, even to 1854."—Encyc. Brit, (ed. 9th), xv. 391. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, tt, ?, long: &, e, 1, 6, ii, f, short; c&re, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; £h as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; ^ as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. J0flF*On this page will tw found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.B 675 RAFFISH R. B—The three Ra, a humorous and familiar designa- 0 tion for Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic. It originated with Sir William Curtis, who, on being asked to give a toast, said, ' I will give you the three Jte, Writing, Reading, and Arithmetio. Parochial education in Sootland had never been con- fined to the three Ra. London Timet. Raab (rftb), n. A kind of jaggery or coarse Indian sugar. Raasch (r&sh), n. A fish. See Thunder-fish. Rab ban (rfib'ban), ». Same as Bab ban 1st (rflb'ban-ist), n. Same as Rabbiniat. Rab bet-plane (rftt/bet-plfin), ». Square rabbet- plane, one which has its cutting edge equare across the sole. Skew rabbet-plane, that in which the bit Is obliquely across the sole. Side rabbet-plane, one which has the cutter on the side, not on the sole. Bab bit (rSb'blt), ».— Welfih rabbity cheese melted by the action of heat and mixed with a little cream, or toasted and laid in thin slices on slices of bread whioh have been toasted and buttered. Popularly supposed to be a corruption of Welsh rarebit. Bab bit (r&b'bit), n. [Fr. rabot, a plane, rafcofer, to plane. J A wooden implement used in mixing mortar. Bab bit (rSb/bit), v. t. [Fr. rabattre, O. Fr. also rabbatre, to beat down, to humble.] The imper. of a verb occurring only in this mood, and used as an interjection equal to confound.1 Fielding. ' Rabbit me, I am no soldier.1 Sir W. Scott. Bab bit-fish (rfib'bit-flsh), n. (Ichth.) A local name given for the Chimtera, or king of the her- rings (Chimcera monstrosa or borealis), a fish be- longing to the order Elasmobranchii. Bab ble (rftt/1), v. t. To stir and skim, as melted iron, with a rabble or puddllng-tool. Babble (rfib'l),t>. i. To talk incoherently ; to utter nonsense. [Scotch.] Bab ble-rout (r&b'l-rout), n. A tumultous as- sembly. ' Ayre. Rabelaisian (rfib'e-lB//zl-an), a. Resembling orsuggestive of Rabelais and his style; supremely or extravagantly grotesque; riotously humorons; as, Rabelaisian license. Bab 1 (rSb'0), n. [Hind., the spring, the crop then gathered.] The name given to the .great grain-crop of Hindustan, consisting of wheat, barley, oats, and millet. Written also Rubbee. Babla,tor (ra"bi-ater), n. [Probably formed from Lai. rabies, madness.] A furious animal or person ; a violent, greedy person. [Scotch.] Bab Id (r&b'id), a. Excessively or foolishly en- thusiastic; rampant; intolerant; as, a rabid Tory; a rabid teetotaller. Ba bid 1 tv (ra-bld'i-ti), n. The state of being rabid ; madness ; rabies. fta bl es (ra'bi-Sz), n. [Lat.] 1. A disease, prob- ably a kind of blood poisoning, affecting certain animals, especially those of the dog tribe; madness, as of dogs. 2* Hydrophobia; madness. Bab 1 oust (rSb'i-fts), a. [Lat. rabies, rage.] Wild; raging; fierce. * This rabious invader.' Daniel. Bac cahoot (rSk'ka-hOt), n. [Fr. racahout, Ar. r&qaut.] A nutritious starch or meal prepared from the edible acorn of the Barbary oak (Quercus Bal- tota), used by the Arabs as a substitute for choco- late. Race (rSs), v. t. To cause to run; to cause to con- tend in running; to cause to progress swiftly, or to drive quickly, Ui a trial of speed; as, to race a horse; to race steamers. Race (rfis), n. — Race-board, same as Lay-race (whichsee).—Race-trade, a race-course; the track or path over which a race is run.—Race-way, same as Mill-race. Bac e mule (rSs'e-mtll), n. (Bot.) A small ra- ceme. Ra chl al ffl a (rft kl-SI^ji-a), n. [Gr. pa^t?, the spine, and aAyoy, pain.] (Med.) Spine-ache, a des- ignation of painter's colic, from the pains striking through the back. Ba chid lan (ra-kTd'i-au), a. [From Gr. pa\iy, the spine.] Relating to the spine or backbone; spinal; vertebral; as, the rachidian arteries; the rachidlan canal, Dunglison. Ba chls (rfi'kis), n. (Ornith.) A name sometimes given to the shaft of a bird's feather. Ba chl tome (ra'ki-tOm), n. [Gr. pa^i?, the spine, and rd/tof, a cutting, from renvoi, to cut.] (Anat.) An anatomical instrument for opening the medullse spinalis, or spinal cord, without injuring the me- dulla. Ra e*ai (rS'ebal, rfi'shi-al, or rS'si-al), a. Of or pertaining to race or lineage ; of or pertaining to the races of mankind. The racial and the sexual differences of mankind. A. R. Wallace. Bac Ing-cal en dar (rSs^ing-kaTen-der), n. A list of races run and their result. Back (rak), n.—Rack-bar (Naut.), a billet of wood used to twist the bight of a rope, called a swifter, in order to bind a rope firmly together.—Rack-lash- ing, a method of lashing the load of a wagon, cart, etc.,-in which the rope Is tightened by means of a stick called a rack-stick twisted around.—Rack- pin, Rack-stick, the stick or pin used in racking the ropes which fasten on the load of a wagon, cart, or the like.—Rack-rail (Railways), & rail laid along- side the bearing rails of a railway, and having cogs into which works a cog-wheel on the locomotive: now only to be met with in some forms of inclined- plane railways.—Rack-vintage, wines drawn from the lees.—Rack-work, a piece of mechanism in which a rack is used; a rack and pinion or the like.—To live at rack and manger, to live sumptuously and recklessly without regard to economy, or to live on the best at free cost. Back er (rftk'er), n. 1. One who wrests, twists, or distorts. 4 Such rackers of orthography.' Shak. 2• One that harasses by exactions ; as, a racker of tenants.. Swift. Rack et (rSk'et), n. A smart stroke or blow. [Sc.] Rack et er (r&k'et-er), n. A person given to rack- eting or noisy frolicking; a person given to a gay or dissipated life. Rack et-ground (rSk'et-ground), n. Same as Racket-court. Dickens. Rack Ing-pace (r&k'ing-pas), n. An amble, but with a quicker and shorter tread. Ra co al am (ra-kO'di-um), n. (Bot.) A genus of fungi, some of the species of which are found in old wine-cellars. One is called Racodium cellare. Ra coon da (ra-kfln'da), n. The coypu. Rac quet (rSk'et), n. A modern variety of the old game of tennis. Spelled also Racket. Radf (rtjtd), pret. of rede. Read. Chaucer. Rad (rfid), n. A contraction for Radical [reformer], [Colloq.J The Rads shut up the church. Trollope. Rad (r£d),a. [Icel. hrceddrt afraid.] Afraid. [Sc.] Burns. Rad die (rSd'l), v. t. To wrinkle. * Raddled old face.' Thackeray. Rad die (rSd'l), n. 1* A red pigment, chiefly used for marking sheep, polishing lenses, etc.; reddle. 2. -A layer of raddle or other red pigment. »A raddle of rouge. Thackeray. Rad die (r&d'l), v. t. 1. To paint, as with raddle. 2. To get over work in a careless slovenly man- ner. Raddle-hedge (rSd'l-hgj), n. A hedge formed by interweaving the branches or twigs together. [Eng.] Home Tooke. Ra dl al (ra'di-al), a. (Bot.) Growing on the cir- cumference of a circle.—Radial curves (Oeom.), curves of the spiral kind, whose ordinates all ter- minate in the center of the including circle, and appeaj: like so many semidiameters.—Radial sym- metry, in animals, the particular disposition of parts (seen in starfishes, etc.) in which the elements of form are developed around a central point. Ra dl ant (ra'dl-ant), a. (Her.) An epithet for any ordinary or charge when it is represented edged with rays or beams; rayonnant or rayonnge. III. PI. 16, Fig. 10.—Radiant point, (a) (Physics) the point from which rays of light or heat proceed: also call- ed the Radiating JPbinf. (b) (Astron.). See Ra- diant, n. Ra dl ant (rS'di-ant), n. (Astron.) The point in the heavens from which a star-shower seems to pro- ceed ; thus, y Andromeda in the constellation Leo is the radiant of the November star-showers, known as Leonides : also called radiant-point. Ra dl ate (ra'di-at), n. (ZoOl.) A member of the Radiata. Ra dl at ed (rft " dl - 5t' ed ), a.— Radiated iron pyrites (Min.), a variety of sulphide of iron of a pale bronze yellow. Ra dl at Ing 1 jr (ra'^Mt'lng-li), adv. In a radi- ating manner. Radiation (ra'dWehun), n.—Solar radiation, the heat which the earth receives from the sun.— Terrestrial radiation, the heat which escapes from the earth into the regions of space. Ra dl a tlve (ra'di-at-!v),a. Having a tendenoy to radiate ; possessing the quality of radiation. Hirst. Radical (rSd'I-kal), a.—Radical leaves (Bot.), leaves close to the ground, clustered at the base of a stem, as in the cowslip and dandelion.—Radical peduncle (Bot.), one that proceeds from the axil of a radical leaf, as in the primrose and cowslip.—Rad- ical bass (Mus.), the same as Fundamental bass.— Radical stress (Elocution), the force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or word. Rad 1 cal (r&lyi-kal), n. (Chem.) A term used in its broadest sense to designate all substances, sim- ple or compound, which combine with any of the more electro-negative elements to form compounds either acid, neutral, or basic; but more generally and narrowly, applied only to compounds of ele- ments', as ammonium and cyanogen, which have themselves an elementoid nature, and perform ele- mental functions. Rad 1 cat ed (rid^i-kSt'ed), p. a. 1. Radicate. 2. (Bot.) Rooted, or having taken root; as, a radicated stem.—Radicated shell (Conch.), a shell fixed by the base or by a byssus to some other body. Rad 1 cle (r&i'i-kl), n. {Chem.) Same as Radical. Rad 1 cose (r&d'i-kOs), a. (Bot.) Having a large root. Ra die u lar (ra-dCk'H-ler), n. (Bdt.) Pertaining to the radicle. Balfour. Ra dl o-car pal (ra'di-o-kftr^pal), a. [Lat. radi- us, the external bone of the arm, ami Gr. xap/ros, the wrist.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or associa- ted with, both the radius and the carpus. Ra dl o la (ra-dl'o-la), n. [From radiolus, alittle ray, dim. of Lat. radius, a ray—in allusion to the capsule being rayed.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Linacese. Ra dl o la rl a (ra'di-o-ia^ri-a), n. pi. (ZoOl.) An order of Pi'otozoa of- the class Rhizopoda, character- ized by possessing a silioeous or flinty test or sili- ceous spicules, and being provided with pseudopodia, or prolongations of their soft protoplasmic bodies, which stand out like radiating filaments, and occa- sionally run into one another. Ra dl ola rl an (ra'di-o-Wri-an), n. (ZoOl.) A member of the order Radiolaria. Ra dl om e ter (ra'di-tWet-erXn. (Physics.) An instrument used for determining the mechanical ef- fect of radiant energy. It consists of four crossed armp of very fine glass, supported in the center by a needle-point, having at the extreme end thin discs of pith, blackened on one side. The instrument is placed in a glass vessel exhausted of air, and when exposed to rays of light or heat the wheel moves more or less rapidly in proportion to the strength or weakness of the rays. Called also Crook's Light- mill. Ba dl o-mus en lar(ra/di-o-mfts//k1l-ler), a. (Anat.) A term applied to the branches sent off from the radial artery to the muscles of the fore- arm in the first part of its course. Also applied to the nervous filaments which the radial nerve sends to the same muscles. Dunglison. Ra dl us (ra'di-us), n. (J^orf.) A line drawn from the center of the polygon to the end of the outer side.—Radius bars, radius rods, the guide-bars of the parallel motion of a steam-engine. Radix (ra'diks), n. (Anat.) A term applied to some parts which are inserted into others, or spring from them, as a root from the earth; as the fangs, the origin of some of the nerves, etc. Ra doub (ra-dOb), n. [Fr.] (Mercantile Law.) The repairs made to a ship, and a fresh supply of furniture and victuals, munitions and other provis- ions required for a voyage. Wharton. Rad u la (rSd'11-la ), n. [Lat., a scraper, from rado, to scrape.] (ZoOl.) The file or rasp-like or- gan taking the place of teeth in the mouth of the gasteropodous molluscs. Rae (ra), n. Roe. [Scotch.] Raf fa elle-ware( rfif'fa-51- or raf' fa-SFle-wfir^n. A fine kind of Majolica ware, with pictures painted upon the various articles, which took its name from the supposition that the designs were painted by Raffaelle. Also written Rafaelle-ware, Raphaelle- Moare. Raf fa el esque (rSf'fa-el-gsk" or rSffa-el-gsk'), «, After the manner of Raffaelle, the celebrated Italian painter ; according to the principles of Raf- faelism. Written also Raphaelesque. A splendor hovering betw&n the Raffaelesque and tha Japannish. Carlyle. Raffish (rSf'ish), a. Relating to, or having the appearance or character of, the raff or rabble ; vil- lainous; scampish; worthless; refuse. 'Five or six raffish-looking men.' Lord Lytton. oh,chain; g, oo; j.jeb; ng,si»flr; Qu then; th. wig; wh, whig;^ zh, aaure ; oo, food; oi*oil; ou,pound sm- On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.BAFFLE Baffle (rfif'l), v. t. To dispose of by ragllrg, or by moans of a raffle ; as, to raffle a turkey. Baf fle si a ce se (raf-lS'si-a^se-e), ». pi. (2?of.) A natural order of rhizogens, of which the genus Bafflesia is the type. Raft (raft or raft), n. A floating masB of trees, branches, or other vegetation, obstructing the course of a river; a large collection of timber and fallen trees, such as, floating down the stream in the Western United States, are arrested in their down- ward course by flats or shallows, where they accu- mulate, and sometimes block up the river for miles. Raft-dog (raft'dOg or rftffdOg), n. An iron bar with bent over and pointed ends for securing logs together in a raft. . Rafte f / (rift), pret. of reve, reave. Took or taken Raftf ) away; bereft; deprived. Chaucer; Spenser. Haft er (r^ft'er or r&ft'er), n. A laborer who brings logs of wood from the ship in whiob they are im- ported In rafts to the shore. Mayhew. Raft-port (raft'pflrt or rftft'pOrt), n. (Naut.) A large square hole, framed and cut immediately un- der the counter, or forward between the breast- hooks of the bow of some ships, to load or unJoad timber. Stag (r&g), ». A jagged or sharp flaw or fragment rising from a surface or edge ; as, a rag on a metal plate.—Rag-carpet, a carpet with a cotton or hemp- en warp and a weft of strips of rags or cloth.— Rag-dust, the refuse of woolen or worsted rags pul- verized and dyed various colors to form the flock used by paper-stainers for their flock papers.— Rag-picker, a collector of rags, bones, and other waste articles of some little value, from the streets, ash-pits, dunghills, etc.—Rag-shop, a shop where rags, bones, kitchen grease, scrap-metal, and other refuse articles are purchased In small quantities.— Rag-tag, the lowest portion of the population ; tag- rag ; the residuum; the sediment; the scum of the people.—Rag-turnsole, linen Impregnated with the blue dye obtained from the juice of Crozophora tinctoria, the dye being soaked out when to be used. Ragabash (rgg^a-bftsh ), The rabble ool- Rag a brash (rSg^a-brish'), ) lectively ; the low ragged class. [Vulgar.] Rag a bash (rUg 'a-bSsh'). )o. Pertaining or Rag a brash (rag' a-brfish'), ) belonging to the disreputable or ragged class; beggarly ; vfle ; rag- amuffin. [Vulgar. T Rag a muf fin (rag'a-m&f'in), a. Disreputable ; low; base ,* beggarly. ' This ragamuffin assembly/ Graves. Rage (rflj), v. i. f To toy wantonly; to sport rough- ly. Oower; Chaucer. Ragee HrSg'S), n. An Indian grain (Eleusine Rag gee I coracana), very prolific, and somewhat nutritious. Raggery (rSg'er-i), n. Rags collectively; rag- gedness. 1 Draped in majestic raggery.* Thackeray. Raggle v. t. [A freq. from rag.J To groove or notch in an Irregular manner. Rag ha van ea (r&g/bu-v4n//sa), n. [Skr. Raghu, a celebrated king of Ayodhyft (Oude), descended from the sun, and vansa, race or family.] The tittle of one ef the most celebrated Sanskrit poems. Itc subject is the legendary history of the solar kings, or kings descended from the sun. Rag na rok ( rSg"nft-r6k' ), ». [Icel.] (Scand. Muth.) Lit. twilight of the gods ; the day of doom when the present world will be annihilated to be re- constructed on an imperishable basis. Ragstohe (rSg'stOn), ». In the vicinity of. L6n- don, England, the term ragstone is applied to an ex- tremely hard, bluish-gray limestone, much used in laying as random work. Rag wool (rSg'wul), n. The inferior sort of wool obtained by tearing up woolen rags in a machine called the tearing-machine; shoddy. Rag work (rfig'wGrk), n. Masonry built with un- dressed flat stones or ragstones of about the thick- ness of a brick, and leaving a roqgh exterior : hence the name. R& ho (rft'hy), n. (Indian Myth.) The demon who is supposed to be the cause of the eclipses of the 6un and moon. Rata (rS'i-a), ) n. sing, and pi. (Ichth.) A re- Rail dee (rai-dS), j ' markable genu« and family of cartilaginous fishes, resembling in their physiol- ogy the shark family; the rays. Ral ble (r&'bl), v. t. To ravel; to entangle; to complicate or oonfitse by talking nonsense about. [Scotch.] Burns. Ral ble (rft'bl), v. J. To talk confused nonsense. [8cnteh.J ~ J"" v Rafidler (rS'der), n. Otoe who makes a raid ; one engaged in a hostile or predatory incursion., Rail (ral), v. t. To send by rail, as freight, e,tc.— To rail it, to travel by railway. [Colloq.] Elt2.il (ral), v. i. To ride or travel on a railway. v ' Hood. Rail-joint (rSl'joint), n. (Railways.) A mode of uniting, the ends of two rails by a splicfe or splioes instead of by a chair. Of e^l rail-joints bhe^ fish- joint is the most common. ^ . \, Railly (rai'i), ». [A. Sax. hra^gl, a garment, sloth- ing. ] An upper garment worn by women. And does she wear a hfaliit or a railly t Sir TV. Boott. Rail way (rSl'wJU, n.-<-Railway-carriage, apassen- gar coach on a rairwaj .-Rallway-cpossing, the place 676 where a road crosses a railway.—Railway-whistle, a whistle connected with a loco motive engine, which is made to sound by steam, in order to give warn- ing of the approach of a train.—Electric railway or railroad, see under Electric.—Elevated railway, a railway the track of which is so elevated as not to materially interfere-with the street traffic of a city. —Marine railway or railroad, a railway projecting into the water upon which vessels are drawn up when in need of repairs.— Underground railway or railroad, a railway wholly or in large part beneath the street surface of a city. See Underground. Rain (rin), n.—Rain-band, a dark line or band of atmospheric origin in the solar spectrum, beiug caused by the absorption of certain parts of the spectrum by aqueous vapor. It is held to be of some importance as a weather predictor, a strong rain-band showing excess, and a weak rain-band a deficiency of moisture in the atmosphere.—Rain- bird (Ornith.), a name given in the We9t Indies to a species of scansorial or climbing birds, the ground cuckoo, the Cuculus veiula of Linnieus, Saurothera vetula of modern naturalists^ It is sometimes called Tom Fool, because, in orSer to gratify its cu- riosity, it will sit still and allow itself to be struck from its perch.—Rain-cloud, a ragged and hanging cloud which resolves itself into rain: known also as Nimbus and Cumulo-cirro-stratus.—Rain-maker, a sorcerer or fetich priest of Africa who professes to have the power of causing rain. -Rainrprint (Oeol.), the name given to certain marks found in aqueous rocks, and resulting from the action of rain-drops which were blown against the deposit when in a soft state. Rain bow-worm (ran'b0-w6rm), »u (Med.) A species of tetter, the herpes iris of bateman. Rain y (ran'i), a.—A rainy day {Fig.). evil or less fortunate times; as, to lay by something for a rainy day, i. e. to provide for days of ill-fortune. C. Bronte. Ralr (rfir), v. i. To roar. [Scotch.! Rair frftr), n. A roar ; an outcry. [Sootoh.J Rats (rSs or rB'is), ». Same as Reis. Raise (r5z), v. t.—To raise one^s bristles, to excite one's anger; to irritate one. [Low.]—To raise the market on one, to charge one nigher than the cur- rent or regular price. Sweyn Erick«on had gone too far in raising the mar- ket upon Mr. Mertoan. Sir W. Scott. —To raise the %vind (Fig.), to obtain ready money by some shift or other, as pawning or selling property, by accommodation bills, and the like. Raise (raz), pret. from rise. Rose ; arose. [Sc.] Raise ) (rflz), v. t. [Comp. G. rasen, to rave, to Raize ) rage.] To excite; to madden; to inflame. [Scotch.] He should been light that daur'd to raise thee. Burn*. Ralsln£e (rS-z6-nff), «. A French confection made by simmering apples in new-made wine or in cidor. Raising-bee (rSzing-Wl, n. An assemblage of farmers, etc., to lend assistance to a neighbor in raising the framework of a house, barn, or other building. [U. 8.] W. Irving. Raising-piece (raz'ing-pes), n. (Carp.) A piece of timber laid on a brick wall, or on the top of the posts or puncheons of a timber-framed hpuse, to carry a beam or beams ; a templet. Raithe (rath), n. Same as Raivel. [Scotch.] Ral vel (ra'v«l), n. [A form of ravel.] An instru- ment with pins in it, u*ed by weavers for spreading out to the proper breadth the yarn that is to be put on the beam of the loom before it is wrought; an evener. [Scotch.] \ Raj (rftj), n. Rule; dominion; the dominions of a raiah. [Indian.] v Raj pat (rftj'put),) n. One of a class of Hindus Raj p.oot (r&j'pOt), f who claim to be descendants of the Eshatriya or ancient military caste, r Rake hel lo nl an (rak'hel-& 'ni-nn), n. A wild dissolute fellow; a rakehell. 1 Admitted in the fata- lly of the mkehelloniansTurn Brown. Rak er (rak'er), n. (Bricklaying.) A piece of iiyon used to rake out decayed mortar from the joints of 61d walls, in order to replace it with new mortar. Rak e ry (rflk'er-i), n. The oouductVor practices of a rake; dissipation. ! > The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town. f 'Roger North. Rak Ing (raking), a. Inclining from the horizon- tal.— Raking courses (Masonry), diagonal courses of brick laid in the heart of a thick wall between the external or face courses} ' . , Rak shas (r&k'shas), (Hind. Myth!) Ofte Rak shas a (r&k'shas-a), } of a class of evil,spirits or genii of Indian superstition. They are cruel monsters, frequenting cemeteries, devouring hu- man beings, and assuming any shape at pleasure. They are generally hideoun, but some, especially the females, allure by their beauty. >' J Rale (ral), n. [Fr., O. Fr. ra'sle, a rattiing sound.] (Pathol.) A noise or crepitation causea by the ^ir passing thnpugh mucus in the bronchial/tubes or lungs. There are various tales—the crepitant, the gurgling, the sibilant, the sohoroiis, etc. - \ Ral 11 dee, (rai'i-dC), n. pi. RMod. Lat. r(qlht8, a rail.] COrnith.) A family of gTalJatorial birds, com- prehending the rails, coots', water-hens, and crakes. Called also Mtcrodactyli. Ral line (rariln)^ a. (Ornith.) Of or relating to v the rails. BAMSEJN Ram (r&m), n. A steam iron-clad ship-of-war, armed at the prow below the water-line with a heavy iron or steel beak intended to destroy an enemy's ships by the force with which it is driven against them. Ram (r^m), v. t. To strike with a ram ; to attack with a steam ram ; to dtive a ram or similar object against; to pierce with a ram ; as, the two vessels tried to ram each other. Ram (rim), v. i. To use a battering-ram or similar objeot. Bacon. Rain ( rfim ), a. Strong-scented ; stinking ; ram- mish ; as, taxn as a fox. [Eng.] Latham. Ra ma (rft'ma), n. (Hind. Myth.) The name com- mon to three incarnations of Vi?hnu. They are all of surpassing beauty. One corresponds somewhat to the classical Bacchus, another to Mars, and the third is Vishnu in his sixth incarnation. Ra mal (ni'mal.), a. [Lat. ramus, a branch.] (JBot.) Of or belonging to a branph ; growing or originat- ing on a branch ; rameous. Ram bade (rSm'bad ), n. [0~.Fr.] (Naut.) The elevated platform built across the prow of a galley for boarding, etc. Ram beh (r3m bS), ». (Bot.) The Malayan name of the fruit of the Pierardia dulcis, nat. order Eu- phorbiacesB, a tree common in the peninsula of Malacca. Ram boo tan ) (ram-btVtan), n. [Malay rambut, Ram bu tan ) hair, In allusion to the villose covering of the fruit.] (Bot.) The fruit of a tree of the genus Nephelium (N. lappaceum), nat. order SapindaceeB, much prized in the Malayan Archipel- ago. It is about the size of a pigeon's egg, and of a red colpr. It is said to be rich and of a pleasant acid. Ram bastions (ram-b&styas), a. Boisterous; careless of the comforts of othe/s ; violent; arro- gant ; rumbustious. [Colloq.] Lord Lytton. Ramed (r2md),o. Applied to a vessel on the stocks when all the frames are set uiton the keel, the stem and stern post put up, and the whole adjusted by the ram-line. ' Ram ee > (rSm'e, ra'me, or ra-mSOi ». [Malay.] Ra mie > See Boehmeria and China-crass. Ram fee zled (ram-fCzld), a. Fatigued: ex- hausted. [Scotch.] The word was humorously bor- rowed from Burns by Cowper. He was quite ramfeezled. Cowper. Ram gun shoch ( ram - g&n'shok ), a. Bough; rugged. [Scotch.] Burns. Ram-head (r3m'h€d), n. 1* An iron lever for raising up great stones. 2. (Naut.) An old term for a halliard-block. Ram 1 form ( rflm'i-form ), a. [Lat. ramus, a branch, and forma, form.] (Bot.) Having the form of a branch. Henslow. Ra mi lie (rfl'mS-lye"), n. A name given to vari- ous articles or modes of dress once used in com- memoration of the battle of Ramillies. Ra mip a rons (ra-mlp'a-r&s), a. [Lat. ramus, a branch, and pario, to> bring forth. J Produclog branches. Ramollissement (ra-mo-lIs-m5fi),n. [Fr.] (fta- thol.) A morbid condition of a part of the body, such as the brain, in which it becomes softened. Ramp (rimp), ». A contraction for rampant. Ram pa clous (ram-pa'shtis^a. Rampant; live* ly ; high-spirited ; boisterous. ' A stone statue of some rampctcious animal. Dickens. Ramp age (ramp'aj^n. The act of prancing about, or scouring up and down in an excited manner ; vio- - lent or riotous oonduct; as, he is on the vampage. [Colloq. Eng.] ^ k " Dickens. Ram pa geons (ram-pa'jQs ), Unruly ; violent; rampant; rampacious. 4 A rampageous Lea.JBelgi- cus.' [Colloq.] Thackeray. Ramp ant (ramp'ant),a.— Rampant sejant f said of an animal when in a sitting posture with the fortelegs raised.—Counter rampant (Her.), said of an animal rampant toward the sinister. 111. Fl. 16, Fig. 11. Ram phas tos (rara-f&s'tos), »T (OrnithThe true toucans, a genus of scansorial birds, aud type of tbe family Banrphastidas. Ram pno rhyn chus (ram'fo-ring//kus),». (Gr. paftjios, croobed, and pvyxos, a snout.J (PaloonT) A genus of extinct reptiles placed by paleontologists in the order Pterosaur!, aloag with the pterodactyls, Ramp lor (rflmpler), n. [Connected with ramp or ramble.] A gay, roving or unsettled fellow. [Scotch.] He's a mkohievous clever ramplor. Qatt. Ramp lor > ( rfimp'ler ), a. Roving; unsettled. Rampler ) [Scotch.] J Gait. Ram-sa gul ^ram'^a-gylOi**. (ZoOl.) An Indian variety of"a*beardless goat, the malewhich has a large .dewlHlp. Ram shack le ( r£m//sh2k'l), n. A thoughtless fellow. [Sootch.j This will learn ye again, ye yo,ung ramshackle. __/ Lockhart. Ram's-horn (rSmz'horn), n. 1. (Patecm.) A popular name for the fossil shells properly called Ammonites. 5i*. (Fort.) A semicircular wtfrk in the ditch of a fortified p?hcev and sweeping the ditch, beiug it- t self commanded by the main wotk. Ram skin/(rftm'skln), n. [probably a corrupt: of romefciw.1) A species of oake made of dough ai-d NotXtioh : a, 6,1, 0, fl, long ; &, S, I, 5, fi, short; a, e, i, o, u, obaca.ro ; far, f§ll, i^ai^okre; h6r, mOve; or; byll, Q, Fr.; fi, Fi-., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester s Unabridged Dictionarigs.TJAM-8TAM orated cheese. Called also Sefton Cake, because it is said to haye been invented at Croxteth Hall, the seat of Lord Sefton. [Eng.] Bam-stam (rSm'stilru), a, [From ram, to push, to thrust, and stam, root of stamp, stumble. ] For- ward ; thoughtless. 'The hairum-scairum, ram- itam boys.' [Scotch.] Burns. fiam-stam (rftm'et&m), adv. Precipitately ; head- long. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Bam-stam (rfim^t&n), n. A giddy, forward per- son. [Scotch.] - Oalt. Ram til (rSm'til), n. (Bot.) The Indian name of the seed of'a species of Guizotia (G. oleifera)% nat. order Composites, suborder Heliantheae. The name Ramtilla has been sometimes given to the genus Guizotia. Ham til la (ram-tll'Ia), n. See Ramtil. Ram U 11 (r&m'O-lI), n. pi. [Lat. ramulus, a little branch, from ramus, a branch.] (Bot.) Twigs or small branches. Lindley. Ba mas (rfl'mus), n. [Lat.,a branch of a tree.] 1 • (Anat.) A branch of an artery, vein, or nerve. 2* The male organ. Dunglison. Ra mus cule (ra-m&s'ktll), n. fDim. of Lat. ra- mus, a branch.] %(Anat.) A division of a ramus. i a small branch, such as those of the pia-mater, which penetrates into the substance of the brain. Ran (rin), ». (Rope-making.) A term used to im- , ply twenty cordsof twine wound on a reel, and every cord so parted by a knot as to be easily separated. _[Eng.] Ran (rSn), n. In India, a waste tract of land; a h runn (which see). Edwin Arnold. Ra na (r&'na), n. An East Indian prince. Shah. Ra na les (ra-na'lSz), «. pi. (Bot.) Lindley's name for his proposed alliance of hypogynous, polypet- alous families having indefinite stamens aud a mi- nute embryo inclosed in a large quantity of albu- men. Ba nan Ite (rS'nan-It), n. [Lat. rana, a frog.] A sect of the Jews who honored frogs because they were one of the instruments in plaguing Pharaoh. "Ifitance (rSns), n. [Scotch.] 1 • A chore or prop acting as a strut for the sup- port of anything. 2. A bar between the legs of a chair. Ranee (rSns), v. t. To *horeor prop. ^Scotch.] Eancb (rinch), n. A deep scratch or wound. Cotgrave. Ranch f (rSnn. A tree, particularly an Ran pick (r2n/pik), J ash-tree, in which branny, that is, a shrew-mouse, has been plugged. Nares, however, explains it as a tree beginning to decay at top from a#e. Ran som (rSn's&m), n. (Scrip.) The price paid or offering given for procuring the pardon of sins and the redemption of the sinner from punishment. Even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. Mark x. 45. Ran som a ble (rfin'sum-a-bl), a. Capable of be- ing ransomed or redeemed, as from captivity, bond- age, punishment, or the like. Chapman. Ran som-free (r&u'suin-fre), a. Free from ran- som ; rausomless. Dryden. Rant (rifnt), n. 1. The act of frolicking; a frolic; a boisterous merry-meeting, generally accompanied with dancing. [Scotch.J T hae a good conscience, except it be about a rant amang the lasses. Sir W, Scott. 2* An old kind of country-dance, and the tune to which it is performed. [Scotch.] Rantle-tree (ran'tl-trg), )n. [Scotch.] [Perhaps Ran die-tree (r3n'dl-tr6), ) from Icel. rann house, and tjalgr, a prong, a fork.] 1* The beam running from back to front of the chimney, and from which the crook is suspended. 2. A tree chosen with two branches, which are cut short, and left somewhat in the form of the letter Y, set close to or built into the gable of a cottage to/ support one end of the roof-tree. 3. (Fig.) A tall, rawboned person. Sir W. Scott. Ran tree (rfin'trS), ) n. The mountain-ash. Ran try-treeCrftn'tri-trg), J Also called Rowan- tree. [Scotch.] Rap (r&p), t>. i. To swear ; especially to swear false- ly. [Old slang. Eng.] Rap (rifp), n. [A contr. for rapparee, an Irish plun- derer.] A counterfeit Irish coin of the time of George I., which, from the scarcity of small coin in Ireland for change, passed current for a halfpenny, although intrinsically worth not more than half a farthing. Hence the phrase not worth a rap, of no value, worthless, wheu applied to things; money- less, extremely poor, when applied to persons. Ra pa ces (ra-pA'sCz), n. pi. (ZoOl.) Same as Rap- tores. Rapadu ra (rifp'a-do'ra), n. [Pg.] A kind of coarse unelarified suffar, made in some parts of South America, and cast into molds. Raph a el esque (riff a-el-Ssk" or r&f'fa-el-Ssk'), a. Same as Raffdelesque. Rapli a el Ism (r£if'a-el-Tzni),n. (Fine Arts.) Those principles of art introduced by Raphael (Raffaelle), the celebrated Italian painter (1483-1520). Raphael was the first great painter to idealize art. Baph a el Ite (r3f a-el-It), n. (Fine Arts.) One who advocates or conforms to the principles of Raphael. Ra pl»a nl a (ra-fS'ni-a), n. (Med.) Adiseaseat- tended with spasms of the joints, trembling, etc., not uncommon in Germany and Sweden, and said to arise from eating the seeds of Raphanua ruphan- istrum, or field radish, which often get mixed up with corn. Raph anus (riff'a-nuB), n. (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants only remarkable for containing the common radish (R. zaticus). Rapli a IIy (r&fa-ui), n. Same asRaphania (which f«ce). Ra pile (rS'fe), n. (Anat.) A linear depression alouf?the middle of the corpus callosum, between two slightly elevated longitudinal bauds ; also a fine band of fibers running lengthwise through the mid- dle of the medulla oblongata. Raph 1 a (riff i-a or r3 fi-a), n. (Bot.) A genus of palms confined to three limited but widely separat- ed localities. They inhabit Jow swampy lands in the Vicinity of the sea or river banks within the in- fluence of the tides. Sugar is made from their sap, which when fermented yields arrack and toddy. Written al^o Raffia. Ra phidi a t.ra-fid'1-a), n. [Gr. paC8os, a needle.] (Entum.) A genus of neuropterous in- RATCHIL sects belongings to Latreille's section Planipecnea, and popularly known by the name of snake-fly. This genus is the type of a family, Raphidiidse. Raph 1 dlf er ous(raf'i-dIf/er-iis),a. (Bot.) Con- taining raphides. Raph i o sau rus {riffi-o-s^'rus), n. [Gr. a needle, and craupos, a lizard.] (Paleon.) A geuna of fossil lizards, occurring in the lower cretaceous system: so called from the acicular form of the teeth. Rap lach (rilp'lak), n. Same as Raploch. Rap loch i (rSp'lCk), n. [Perhaps from rap, to Rap lock ) snatch, and lock; made of wool not selected.] Coarse woolen cloth, made from the worst kind of wool, home-spun, and not dyed. L Scotch.] Rap loch (rSp-'lfik), a. Qnkempt; rough; coarse. [Scotch.] Burns. Rappe ) (r3p), n. A Swiss denomination of money Rapp j equivalent to the French centime, 100 of which make a franc. Rap pel (rifp'el), n.—Rappel of a medal, a decision declaring an exhibitioner to be worth$ of the medal though be cannot obtain it in consequence of having obtained an equal or superior reward in a former exhibition. [Eng.] 4 Rap pite (rifp'It), )n. [From George1 Rapp, the Rap pist (rifp'ist), J founder, of the sect.] The same as Harmonist. i Rap scall ion (rap-skSl'yun), n. [Amodified form oi rascal lion.] A mean rascal; a worthless scamp ; a rascallion. Howitt. Rap scall ion ry (rap-skSl'yun-ri), n. Rascals collectively. Cornhill Mag. Rap to res frap-tO'rSz), n. pi. [PI. of Lat. raptor, a robber.] (Ornith.) Birds of prey; an order of birds called Accipitres by Linnaeus and Cuvier, in- cluding those which live on other birds aud ani- mals. The eagles, vultures, and faloons are exam- ples. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 12. Rap to ri al (rap-tO'ri-al), a. Adapted to the seiz- ing of prey, as the legs of certain^insects. ' The Mantides, with their great raptorial Tront legs.' H. A. Nicholson. Rapt ur Ize (rSpt'Hr-rz), v. i. To become enrapt- ured; to be transported. [R.] Rare bit (r&r'bitj.n. [A word made by etymolo- gists to account for the expression v Welsh rabbit.* See under Rabbit,] a dainty morsel.; a Welsh rabbit. i Ras(r3ls), n. 1. An Arabic word signifying head, prefixed to the names of promontories or capes on the Arabian and African coasta, etc. 2* Same as Reis. Ras cal dom (r&s^al-dum), n. The state or qual- ity of being a rascal; the rule or dominion of ras- cals ; scoundreldom ; the rascality. Emerson. Ras cal ism (r^kaMzm), n. The practices or characteristics of rascals; rascality. Carlyle. Rasilig (rSz'ing), n. (Ship-building.) The act of marking by the edges of molds any figure upon timber, etc., with a rasing-knife, or with the points of compasses.—Rasing-iron, a kind of calking-iron for clearing the pitch and oakum out of vessel's seams, in order that they may be calked afresh.— Rasing-knife, a small edge-tool fixed iu a handle, and hooked at its point, used for making particular marks on timber, lead, tin, etc. Ra«oo(ra-f6')i". (Zodl.) The native Indian name of a flying squirrel of India. Ra so res (ra-sO'rSz), n. pi. [From Lat. rarfo, ra- 8um, to scrape.] (Ornith.) Gallinaceous birds or scratchers, an order of birds comprising the subor. ders Galliuacei and Columbacei. The common do- mestic fowl may be regarded a3 the type of the or- der. Ra sour f (r&'sOr), n. A razor. Chaucer. Raspberry-bush (rilz'ber-i-b^sh), n. Rubus Idee us, the bramble producing raspberries. Rasp ber ry-vin e gar (rSz'ber-i-vin'e-ger), n. A pleasant acidulous drink made from the juice of raspberries.. Rasper (rasp'er), n. (Fox-hunting.) A difficult fence, probably from its rasping the horse as it leap3 over it. [Eng.] Lever. Rasp ing (rasp?ing), a. (Fox-hunting.) Said of a fence difficult to take. 'A rasping fence.' [Eng.] Lever.—Rasping-mill, a kind of saw-mill. | Raspy (rasp'i), a. Grating; harsh; rough. 4A raspy untamed voice.' Carlyle. Ras tri tes (ras-trl'tSz), n. [Lat. rastrum, a rake.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Silurian zoOphytes, otherwise named Graptolites. j Rat (rift), n. and a.—Rat-catcher, one who follows tho occupation of catching rats.—Rat-pit, nn inclos- ure into which a number of rats are thrown to as- certain how many a dog can kill in a given time, or to see which j>f two or more dogs will kill the mostJ —Rat-snake (Zi>6l.'), a snake destitute of poison*' fangs (Coryphodon Blumentachii) domesticated in Ceylon on account of its usefulness in killing rats. It is intelligent, and can be made very tame.—Rat~ tail, RaVs-tail, a disease in horses in which the hair of the tail falls off and is never renewed.—Rat- tailed, having a tail like a rat's.—Rat-tailed larva or rat-tail maggot, the #rub of a common dipterous insect, the Eristalis tenax% family Muscidfe; the drone-fly. The perfect insect is somewhat like a bee. Ratch II (rSch'il), n. (Mining.) Fragments of stone. oh, chain; g, go j j, job; ng, sincr; Ch, Men; th, t/iin; w, wig; wh, whig; ah, aeure; oo» food; oi, oil; ou, pound. ^ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 75*RATCHME^T Ratch m©nt~(rach'ment). ». (Arch.) A kind of flying buttress which springs from the principals of a herse and dteets against the central or chief prin- cipal. / Oxford Glossary. Slate (rSt), y,.—Rate-book, a book in which the ac- count of the rates is kept. Dryden.—Rate-payer, one who is assessed and pays a rate or public tax.— Rate-tithe, tithe paid for sheep or other cattle which are kept in a parish for less time than a year, in which case the owner must pay tithe for them pro rata, according to the custom of the place. [Eng.] Ra tel (ra tel or rat-el7), n. [Fr. ratel, from rat, a rat.] (ZoOl.) A carnivorous quadruped of the ge- nus Mellivora, and of the badger family Melidae, natives of India and the Cape of Good Hope. The honefy-ratel (M. ratel) of the Cape makes great de- struction among the nests of the wild bee, to the honey of vghich it is very partial; the Indian ratel (M. Indica) is said to scratch up and devour the corpses recently buried. " Bat i fi ea tion (r£t/i-fi-ka//shun), n. (Law.) The confirmation or approval given by a person ar- rived at majority to acts done by him during mi- nority, and which has the effect of establishing the validity of the aqt which would otherwise have been voidable.—Ratification by a wife (Scots Law), a declaration made on oath by a wife in presence of a justice of peace (her husband befng absent), that the deed she has executed has been made freely, and that she has not been induced to make it by her husband through force or fear. Ra tl oc i na to ry (rSsh'i-8B'/i-na~to-ri)l a. Ra- tiocinative. Ra tion (rft'shun or r&sh'un), v. t. To supply with rations. 4 Regularly rationed.1 Blackwood''8 Mag. Ra ti tse (ra-tl'tS), n. pi. [Lat. rates, a raft.] (Or- nith.) Huxley's second division of the class Aves, the other two being the Saururae and Carinat®. It la characterized by the fact that the sternum or breast-bone has no median ridge or keel for the at- tachment of the great pectoral or wing muscles. Rat i tate (r&t'i-tat), a. Belonging to the Ratitse. Rat lln (r&t'lln), n. A ratline. Rat ma ra (rat'ma-ra), n. The Indian name for one of the lichens used in dyeing. Rat tan (r&t'an), n. [Fr. raton, a dim. of raf, a rat.] A rat. Spelled also Ratten, Rat ton. [Scotch.] Rat tan (rat-tan'), n. [Imitative.] The continuous beat or reverberation of a drum. The loud rattan of a drum. W. H. Ainsworth. Rat tan. y (rSt'an-i), n. Same as Ratany. Rat ten (rfit>(n), v. t. [Lit. to play a rat's trick tip- on, from prov. ratten, a rat.] To destroy or take away the tools or machinery of, a mischievous trick perpetrated upon workmen who work in defiance of the trades' union; as, to ratten a man. Ratten- ing is one of the most common forms of organized terrorism of trades'unions. [Eng.] Bat ten in g (rSt'n-ing), n. The act of taking away or destroying the tools of a workman who continues to work during a strike. Rat ter (rStfer), n. 1* One whose business It is to catch rats. 2. An animal, especially* a terrier, which kills rats ; as, he's a capital ratter. 3* One who deserts his associates from some in- terested motive ; a rat. * The ridicule on placemen . ratters remains.* Miss Edgeworth. Rat ter y (r&t'er-i). The qualities or practices of a ratter; apostasy; tergiversation. ' The rattery and scoundrehsm of public life.' Sidney Smith, Rat tie (r&t'l), n. The extremity of the tail of the true rattlesnake, •onsisting of a series of horny ep- idermic cells of an undulated pyramidal shape, ar- ticulated one within the other. Rat tie (riit'l), n.—Rattle-cap, an unsteady, volatile person; a mad-cap: generally said of girls. [Col- loq.]—Rattle-head, a giddy person; a rattle-pate. " q.]—Rattle-pate, rattle-skull, a noisy, empty- headed fellow. [Colloq.] — Rattle-trap, a shaky, rickety object. [Colloq. J Such a rattle-trap as that. Trollope. Rat tie (rat'l), v. t. [From ratling, ratline, as if ratling were a pres. part.] (Naut.) To furnish with ratlines.—To rattle down the shrouds, to fix ratlines in the shrouds. Rat tier (rSt'ler), n. 1. One who rattles or talks av/ay without thought; a giddy, noisy person. 2* A smart Or heavy blow; as, he gave him a rat- tler. [Slang or Colloq.] • I should have given him a rattler for himself, if Mrs. Boffin had not thrown herself betwixt us. Dickens. Rat tie wort (rft'l-wort), ». The common name of plants of the genus Crotalaria. Crotalaria sagit- tate is a hairy annual, with racemes of yellow flow- ers, growing in sandy soil from Massachusetts southward. *The seeds, inclosed in inflated pods, rattle when shaken, hence the name. Also called rattle-box. Rattling (rSt'ling), a. 1* Making a quick suc- cession of sharp sounds. N Addison. 2* Lively; quick; witty; as, a rattling girl; a rattling pace. [Colloq.] t 3* Large; great; as, a rattling stake. [Slang.] Ran cid (r§'sid),a. [Lat. raucus.] Hoarse; rough in tone; raucous. Lamb. Rave (r&v), pret. of the verb to rive. .Did rive or ' tear; tore. [Scotch.] Rave«hook (rSv'h^k), n. {Ship-carp.) A hooked iron tool used when enlarging the butts for receiv- ing a sufficient quantity of oakum. 678 Rav el ment (rSv'el-ment), n. The state of being raveled ; entanglement; perplexity. Carlyle. Rav e na la (rav'e-nfi^la), fn. [Native name.] Rav i na la (rSv^-n&^la), } (Bot.) A fine large palm-like musaceous tree of Madagascar, leaves 6 to 8 feet long. It is called travelers* tree, because of the refreshing water found in the cup-like sheaths of the leaf-stalks. Ra ven stone (ra'vn-stOn), n. [Translation of G. rabenstein.] Place of execution; gallows. [R.] Byron. Ra Tine y (ra-vSn'i), a. Pull of ravines. [R.] Capt. M. Thomson. Rav ing (rSv'ing), n. Furious exclamation; irra- tional, incoherent talk. The ravings of servility and superstition. Macaulay. Raw (ra), m. 1. A raw or galled place ; an estab- lished sore, as on a horse; as, he struck him on the raw. Um A tender point; a foible. [Colloq.] It's a tender subject and every one has a raw on it. Lever. —To touch a person upon the raw, to irritate a per- son by alluding to, or joking him on, any matter about which he is especially sensitive. Raw-port (rg'pOrt), n. (Naut.) A port-hole in small vessels for working an oar during a calm. Rax (r&ks), v. i. [A form allied to reach/] To ex- tend the bodily members, as one does when fatigued or awaking; to stretch, to admit of extension; to make efforts to attain. [Scotch.] Ramsay. Rax (r3ks), v. t. To stretch ; to extend; to reach ; as, to rax a person something from a shelf. [Sc.] Burns. Ray (ra), v. i. To send out rays; to shine forth or out, as in rays. In a molten glory shrined That rays off into gloom. E. B. Browning. Ray (ra), n. A disease of sheep. Called also Scab» Shab, or Rubbers. Ra zor-stone (ra'zer-stOn),n. Same as Novacullte. Raz zi a (r&t'si-a or r&'zi-a), n. [Ar. ragazia.] An incursion made by military into anenemy's country for the purpose of carrying off cattle and destroy- ing the standing crops ; a foray. Rb. The chemical symbol of rubidium. Re (rS), n. (Egypt. Myth.) Same as Rhe. Reacli (rSch), v. I. (Naut.) To stand off and on; also, to sail by the wind upon any tack. Reacli (rCch), n. The pole connecting the rear axle to the bols ^r of a wagon or other vehicle. Reacli er (rSch'er), n.' A hyperbolical representa- tion ; an exaggeration ; a stretcher. I can hardly believe that reacher. Fuller. Reach-me-down (rech'mS-doun"), a. Ready- made ; cast-off. [Colloq. Eng.] The ricct splendid reach-me-down dressing gowns. Thackeray. Re ac tion (re-Sk'shun), n. 1. Action in a con- trary direction to that in which an advance has al- ready been made; action or tendency to revert from a present to a previous condition; specifically (Politics), a tendency to revert from a more to a less advanced policy; backward tendency from pro- gress, reform, or revolution. 2* (Pathol.) (a) The action of an organ which reflects upon another the irritation previously transmitted to itself; a vital phenomenon, arising from the application of an external influence; the irritation is termed the stimulus or irritant, (b) Depression or exhaustion following excessive ex- citement or stimulation, (c) The increased im- petus which succeeds asphyxia or torpor, etc. Re ac tion a ry (re-Sk'shun-a-ri), ) n. A favorer Reactionist (re-Xk'shun-ist), J or promoter of reaction; specifically, one who attempts to check, undo, or reverse political progress or reforqp. Read (rSd), v. t.—To read one's self in (Church of England), to read the Thirty-nine Articles of Relig- ion, and repeat the Declaration of Assent pre- scribed by law, which is required of every incum- bent on the first Sunday on which he officiates in the church of his benefice.—To read music, to be ac- quainted with musical notation so as to be able to sing or play at sight. Read a bll i ty (rSd'a-bTl^i-ti), n. Readableness, 4 The readability of a story.' Trollope. Read Ing-glass (rSd'ing-glas), «. A large mag- nifying lens, set in a frame furnished with a handle, used to assist in reading, etc. Reading-stand (rgd'ing-stSnd), n. A kind of stand or desk at which reading is performed. Re ad just er (re'ad-jttetf'er), n. 1* One who re- adjusts. 2. (Amer. Politics.) In certain states, one who favors or promotes the readjustment of the State debt on terms more favorable to the tax-payer, without regard to the consent of the creditors. Read y-recfc: on er (r^d'i-rgk^n-er), n. A book of tabulated calculations giving the value of any number of things, the interest of sums of money, and the like; a book of tables to facilitate calcula- tions. Reakf (rSk), n. A freak; a prank; a trick. *To play reaks.' Cotgixwe. Real (r5'al),adv. Really; truly ; very. [Prov.Eng. and Amer.J Re al lem (r^al-Tzm), n. 1* (Metaph.) As oppos- ed to idealism, the doctrine that there is an imme- diate or intuitive cognition of external objects, EECAPITULATOR while according to idealism all we are conscious of is our ideas. 2• (Fine Arts.). The representation ©f nature as it actually appears; literal fidelity to factor real life, as in works of art or literature. Re al 1st (rS'al-ist), n. 1* (Metaph.) One who ad- vocates the theory or doctrine of realism as opposed to that of idealism. 2* (Fine Arts and Literature.) One who en- deavors to reproduce nature or describes real life just as it appears to him: opposed to an idealist., who idealizes, refines, and endeavors to elevate na- ture to a type of his own conception. Re al 1st ic (rS'al-isf'ik), a. Having the qualities of realism; faithfully descriptive of real life or na- ture ; as, the realistic school of painting. Re alist ic al ly (rS'al-Istf'ik-al-i), adv. In a re- alistic manner ; in a manner that has regard to the intrinsically important, not the showy, qualities ot objects. George Eliot. Re al i ty (re-Sl'i-ti), n. (Scholastic Philos.) That which may exist of itself, or which has a full and ab- solute being of itself, and is-not considered as a part of anything else.—Reality of laws, a legal term for all laws concerning property and things. Realm less (relmles), a. Destitute or deprived of a realm. His realmless eyes were closed. Keats. Ream (r<5m), n. [A. Sax. ream, G. rahm, creanfc] Cream; the cream-like froth on ale. [Scotch.] Reamf (rSm),u. i. '■ To cream; to mantle ; to foam; to froth. * Reaming *wats [ale] that drank dfivinely.' [Scotch.] ' Bums. Re an i mate (re-Sn'i-mat), v. i. To revive ; to become lively. 'There spoke Miss Beverley 1' cried Delvile, reani- mating at this little apologyl Miss Bumey. Reaping-machine (rep'ing-ma-shen'), n. A machine for cutting grain ; a reaper. Rear dorse (rSr'dors), ) n. An open hearth f8r Rear doss (rSr'diSs), ) fire, without a grate. [Eng.] I Calth'op. Rear ing-blt (rSr'iijg-Mt), fi. A bit having a curv- ed mouth-piece, to present the horse* liftmg his head when rearing. . Rear most (rSr'mOst), a. Last of all; hindermost; as, the rearmost 8hipc • C. Kingsley. Re^ar range (rS'ar-ranj" or rS'ar-rSnj), v. t. To arrange anew or agaan ■, to place in order a second time. Re-ar range ment (rg/ar-ranj^ment), n. A sec- ond arrangement; a, putting in order again. Rear-vault (rer'valt), n. (Arch.) A small vault which is interposed between the tra<5ery or glass of a window and the inner face of the wall. Rear ward (rgr'wgrd), a. At or toward tberear. Re a ta (re-a'ta), w.' [Sp.] A rawhide rope, used in Mexico and California for lassoing horses or mules; also, a rope with which one horse or mule is tied to another to compel them to keep the track or go straight. Re aume t (re'Om or rd'oum), n. A realm. Chaucer. Re an mn ri a (r5/a-mti//ri-a), ». [In honor of Reaumur, a famous French naturalist and physi- cist.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Tama- riscineae, the species of which are small ehrubs, with fleshy sea,le-like leaves, overspread by resinous sunk glands. Re bee ca (re-bgk'ka), n, A title given to the lead- er of an anti-turnpike conspiracy which was com- menced in Wales, in 1839, by breaking down the turnpike-gates. The leader and his followers were generally dressed in women's clothes, and were called 4 Rebecca and her daughters,' from a passage in Genesis xxiv.60. Re bee ca ism (re-bSk'a-Tzm), n. The principles and practices of the Rebeccaites. Re bee ca ite (re-bek'a-It), n. A member of the Rebecca association. See Rebecca. Re bel (re-bSlOtV. i. To turn with disgust or nausea; to conceive a loathing; as, his stomach rebelled at such food. Reb el dom (reb'el-dum), n. The state of being a rebel; rebellious conduct. [R.] Never mind his rebeldom of the other day. Thackeray. Re bo ant (re-bjyant), a. [Lat. reboans, reboantis, ppr. of reboO—re, again, and boa, to cry aloud, to bellow.] Rebellowing; loudly resounding; reecho- ing. 4 Their echoes reboant.' [R.j E.B.Browning. Re but ( re-bfit), v. t. (Curling.) To drive a stone at hazard and with great force toward the tee in the hope of some benefit'turning up for the player's side in hitting the other stones at or about the tee. Re but tal (re-b&t'al), n. The act of rebutting; refutation; contradiction; specifically (Law), the act of furnishing evidence on the side of one party in a suit, to rebut the evidence introduced by the other party. . . Re cal ci trate (re-kSl'si-trflt), v. i. [Lat. recal- citro, to kick back—re, back, and calcitro, to kick, from calx, calcis, the heel.] Lit. to kick back; hence, to show repugnance or resistance to some- thing ; to be refractory. R$ call ment*(re-kal'ment), n. Recall; counter- manding. Written also Recalment. 4 If ehe wished not the rash deed's recalment.1 Browning. Re ca pit n la tor (re'ka-pWfUfit-er), ». One who recapitulates. Notation : a, 6,1,0, C, long; £, u, T, Q, ft, short; a, e, i, o, a, obscaro; f&r, fall, fast, cAre; jwr On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in coster's Unabridged Dictionaries. hto, move, or; bull,G, Fr.; 6, Fr., tow: the latest editions of Webster's and Wcr-RECCHE Reechef (rBcb'e), v. i. [Softened form of reck.) To care ; to reck. Chancer. Reccb e le$f (rSch'e-les), a. Careless ; reckless. Chancer. Re eelpt (re-set'), v. t. To give a receipt or writ- ten acknowledgment; as, be receipted for the g^ods. Re celpt a ble (re-sSt'a-bl), a. Capable of being receipted: for which a receipt may be granted. I£© celpt-book (re-sSt'bvk), n. A book contain- ing receipts. ffi© Ceive (re-s6v'), v. i. To hold a reception; tb open one's house on a set day for receiving com- pany. Re eel V er (re-s0v'er), n.—Receiver of the fines, an - officer who received the money of all such as com- pounded with the crown on original writs saed out of Chancery. [Eng. ]—Receiver of wreck, officers ap- pointed by the board of trade for the preservation of wreck, etc., for the benefit of the shipping in- terests. Called formerly Receivers of Droits of Ad- miralty, [Eng.] Re colv Ins (re-eSv'ing), p. a. Adapted to reoeive, r take, hold, or contain.—Receiving box, a box for re- ceiving letters.—--Receiving house, a place where let- ten or parcels are received for transmission; a depdt; a store.—Receiving office, a branch post-office where lettess, papers, parcels, etc., may be posted, but from which no letters, etc., are delivered to their owners. Re cen sion 1st (re-sSn'shun-ist), n. One who re- views or revises, as the text of an ancient author; an editor; a reviser. Re cep tlve ness (re-eBp'tlv-nes), n. The quality or state of being receptive; toe power or readiness to reoeive; reoeptivity. Receptivsness is a rare and* massive power like forti- tude. Georgt Eliot. Re cess (re-eSs7), v. t. To plaoe In retirement; to put in a rebess; to withdraw from notice. Comfortably rsoesssd from earious impertinent*. Mist Bdgeworth. Re cesaed (re-s5at/), a. Having a recess or releas- es . -Recessed arch, one arch within another ; auch arches are scynetimes called double, triply,etc.,and sometimes compound arches. Re ces slon al (re-s&h'un-al), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, recession. Re ces slon al (re-s6sh'un-al), *. (Eccl.) game as Retrocession^. Re cess tve (re-sSs/Jv),o. Beceding; withdrawing ; going baok. [B.] Rlchauffg (rft-shO-fll), n. [Fr.] A warmed-up dish; henoe, a re-dressed concoction of old materi- als ; a stale melange of old matter. We... .endure without murmur richauffi* of the most ancient atook of fiction. Sat. Rev. Re dp 1 0*m0 tor (re-sTp"i-o-mO/ter), a. Becep- v tive of a nervous stimulus, and giving rise to mo- tion. Each afferent nerve is a recipio-motor agent. B. Spenoer, Re clp ro cat lng (re-sTp"ro-kfit'ing), p. a. Alter- nating ; baokward and forward alternately ; recip- rocal.—Reciprocating engine, that form of engine in whioh the pteton and pteton ?od move baok and forth in a straight line, absolutely, or relatively to the cylinder, as in oeoillating cylinder engines ; in con- tradistinction to Totatory engine.—Reciprocating propeller, one having a paddle whioh has a limited stroke and returns in the same path. Re© 1 proc 1 ty (res'i.prOs'l-ti), n.<~Lau> of reci- procity, a term employed by Legendre in bis Theorie des Nombres to denote a reciprocal law that has place between prime numbers of different forms, which is this, that m and n being prime odd numbers, the remainder of mn~"* -^n=the remainder of 2 »m~ -t-tn. Known also as the Law of Legendre. a Rec 1 profile f) (rSs'i-prflk), a. [Pr. reciproque."] Reclprokf ) Beciprooal. * Except the love • be reciproque.* Bacon. Reck 11ns (rgk'ling),». [Probably from reck, lit. one that requires to be cared for.] Tho smallest and weakest in a brood of animals; hence, a helpless babe. Halliwell. There lay the reckling. Tennyson. Reek ling (rSk'ling), o. [See the noun.] Small; weak; helpless. A mother dotes upon the reckling child. Sir H. Taylor. Reclaiming (re-kl&m'ing), p. a. (Scots Law.) Appealing from a judgment of the lord ordinary to the inner house of the Court of Session.—Reclaim- ing days, the days allowed to a party dissatisfied with the judgment of the lord ordinary to appeal therefrom to the inner house. [Eng.]—Reclaiming note, the petition of appeal to the inner house crav- ing the alteration of the judgment reclaimed against. [Eng.] Re clln ant (re-klln'ant), a. Bending baokward. [B.] Rec Og nl tlon (rBk'og-nlsV'un), n. (Scots Law.) The recovery of lands by the proprietor when they fall to him by the fault of the vassal, or generally any return of the feu to the superior from whatever ground of eviction. 679 Re com mence (rS'kom-mSns'7), v. t and i. To oommence again; to begin anew to be. Johnson. The voice....recommenced. Tennyson. Re com mis slon lrS/kom-mIsh"un)$ v. t. To commission again or a second time. Judg, Marshall. Rec om pensive (rSk^om-pSns'lv), a. Having the character of a recompense; compensative. Recompensive justice in the next [world]. Sir T. Browne. Rec on nol ter) (r6k'on-noi"ter), n. , A prelim- Rec on nol tre ) inary survey ; a reconnaissance. Lord Lytton. Re con strnc tlon (r0/kon-8trfik//shun), n. (U. S. Politics.) A name given to the Congressional meas- ures for remodeling the government of those South- ern States which had seceded from the United 4 States, and enabling them to take their proper place' in the Union. Rec ord (rgk'ord), n. 1« Memory; resemblance. 4 That record is lively in my soul.' Shak. 2, Attestation of a fact or event; testimony; wit- ness. Though I bear record of myself, yet my record is true. John viii. 14. 3* The register of known facts making up the personal history of a man's life, particularly that of a public personage; as, to have a good or bad record to fall back upon. 4* (Booing.) A register of the time in whioh a race or heat is won.—In record, upon record, set down; registered. ' My villany they have upon rec- ord.1 Shak. Recording (re-kord'ing), p. a. Begistering.— fieoording gauge, a gauge provided with means for leaving a visible record of its indications.—Record- ing telegraph, a telegraph provided with an appa- i «tatua which xaalura aeacord of the messages trans- mitted. Rec ord-of flee (r6k//ord-5f/fis), n. A place for keeping public records. Re coup (re-kdpOt v. t. 1* [With the reflexive pronoun.] To reimburse or indemnify one's self for a loss or damage by a corresponding advantage. Bat if fihe [Elizabeth] was bold, she might recoup herself at Philip's cost. Froude. 2. To return or bring in an amount equal to. 3* To compensate ; to replaoe; to make good. Re coup ment {tu {Law.) The act of recouping or retaining a part of a sum due; dim* inution of a plaintiff's damages for some equitable reason; a deduction. Rec re ment (rSk're-ment), n. (Med.) A humor, which after having been separated from the blood, is again returned to it, as the saliva, the secretion of serous membranes, etc. Dunglison. Recrudescence (r6/krfl-dSs//senB), n. (Hot.) Tim. reproduction of ajoung shoot from the point a*, a Ripened spike of a need. Re emit Ing-ser geant (re-kr0t"ing-8Ar'jentor -«6r'jent), n. A sergeant deputed to enlist recruits. Simmonds. Rect an gU lar ly (rekt-ftng/gu-ler-li),adv.—Rect- angularly polarized (Optics), oppositely polarized. Rec tern bry e ae (r6k'tem-bri-6//6), n. pi. [Lat. rectus, straight, and Eng. embryo.'} (Bot.) A sub- order of SolanaceaB, having the embryo straight, as distinguished from Curvembryecs, to which it it curved. Rec tl fl er (rSk^ti-fTer), n. (Distilling.) A second still for redistilling spirits, or a second chamber connected to the main or primary still. Rec tl fy (rgk'ti-fl), v. t.—To rectify liquors (Spirit Trade), to convert the alcohol produced by the dis- tiller into gin, brandy, etoM by adding flavoring materials to it. Rec tl lln e al ly (rSk'ti-lIn^e-al-li), adv. Beotl- linearly. Rec tl ner vis (r6k/tl-n6r//vis), a. [Lat. rectus, straight, and nervus, a nerve.] (Bot.) Same as Far- allelinerved. Rec tl ros tral (rgk'ti-rQs^&ral), a. [Lat. rectus, straight, and rostrumt a prow Of beak.T Having a straight bill or beak. ( Rec tl se rl al (rgk'ti-88"rl-al), a. [Lat. rectus. straight, and series, a row.] (Bot.) A term applied to leaves disposed in a straight or rectilinear se- ries. Rec tl fis (rek-tl'tis), n. ["Rectum, and Gr. term. -Ms, signifying inflammation.] (Med.) Inflammer- tlon of the rectum. Rec tor al (rSk'ter-al), a. Belating to a rector or to a rectory; also, pertaining to rule or govern- ment; Rec to-ves 1c al (rSk/to-vSs"ik-al), a. [Rectum, from Lat. rectus, straight, and vesica, a bladder.] (Anat.) Belating to the rectum and bladder; as, the recto-vesical fold or pouch of the peritoneum or lining membrane of the abdomen. Rec trlx (rSk'triks), n. pi. Rec trl ces (r«k-trl'- sBz). 1. Same as redress. Sir T. Herbert. 2* (Omith.) A name given to one of the long quill feathers in the tail of a bird, which like a rud- der direct its flight. Re rnr ring (re-kdr'ing), o. Beturning again.— Recurring series (Alg.), a series in which the coef- ficients of the successive powers of x are formed from a certain number of the preceding coef- ficients according to some invariable law. Thus REDEEMABLE a + (a + l)# + (2a + 2)a?2 + (3a + 3)»2 + (5a+5)«3+.... is a recurring series. j Re cur sant (re-kdr/eant), a. [Lat. recursans,'re- oursantis, ppr. of recurso, to turn backward, freq. of recurro.] (Her.) Said of an eagle, displayed", with the back toward the spectator's face.—Recursant volant in pale, said of an eaglets it were flying up- ward, showing the back to the spectator. Re curv ate (re-k6rv'at), a. (Bot.) game as Re- curved. Re cur Tl ros tral (re-k6r/vl-r5s//tral), o. (Or- nith.) Having the beak recurved or bent upward, as an avoset; belonging to the genus Recurvirostra. Re cur vo-pa tent (re-kfcr'vo-pfi'tent), a. (JSot.) Bent back and spreading. Red (r6d), a. ab'd ».—Red crag (Qeol.), the upper portion of the crag of Suffolk, England, the lower being the white crag. It consists chiefly of quartz- ose sflnd with an occasional mixture of shells. The Suffolk crag is a member of the pliocene strata. —Red-fish, (a) a fish (Onlorhynchus lycaodon) of migratory habits, of the salmon family, found in the American and Asiatic rivers which flow into the Paoiflo. (b) The Sebastes viviparus, a,flab found on the Atlantic coast from the polar regions to Massa- chusetts. It is used as food, and its spines are used by the Oreenlanders for needles. Also called Red- sea-perch, Red-perch, Rose-fish, and Bream. — Red- game, same as Red grouse.—Red-cross, wearing or bearing the cross of St. George, the national emblem of England. A red-oross knight for ever kneel'd To a lady in his shield. Tthtnyssn. —Red-hand (Her.), originally the arms of the prov- ince of Ulster, but granted to the baronets of Great Britain and Ireland as their distinguishing badge on their institution in 1611. It consists of a sinister hand, open, erect, couped or, the wrist gules.—Red- handed^with red or bloody hands; hence, in the very act, as if with red or bloody hands: said originally of a person taken in the act of homicide, but extend- ed figuratively to one caught in the perpetration of any crime: generally in the phrase to be taken red- hand or red-handed.—Red-herring, the common her- ring highly salted, dried, and smoked so as to keep for a long time as an article of food.—Red-lattice, a lattice-window painted red, formerly the customary badge of an inn or ale-house.—Red-lattice phrases, pot-house talk.—Red-lead spar, same as Crocoisite.— Red-nose, having* red nose; having anose reddened by drinking. 1 The red-nose innkeeper of Daventry.» p. a. Dried in smoke or in Reestit (rest'it), J the sun; singed; withered, [Scotch.] Reeve (r6v), n. '[A. Sax. gerSfa, a steward, a per- son having a certain authority; whence So. grieve, a farm bailiff; origin doubtful.] 1. f A farm bailiff; a steward. 2* A foreman in a coal-mine. [Scotch.] Edin. Rev. Re-extent (rS^eks-tSnt'), n. (Law.) A second extent on lands or tenements, on oomplaint that the former was partially made, etc. Re fash ion ment ( re-f&sh'un-ment), n. The act of fashioning or forming again or anew. [R.] L. Hunt. Re fee tor er ( re-fSk'tor-er), n. The monk in charge of the refectory and the supplies of food in a monastery. Ref er ence (rSf'er-ens), n.—Book or work of ref- erence, a book, such as a dictionary or cyclopedia, intended to be consulted as occasion requires. Ref er ence ( rgf'er-ens), a. Affording informa- tion when consulted.—Reference Bible, a Bible hav- ing brief explanations and references to parallel passages printed on the margin.—Reference library, a library containing baoks which can be consulted on the spot: in contradistinction to a lending library. Re fit (re-fit'), n. The repairing or renovating of what is damaged or worn out; specifically, the re- pair of a ship; as, the vessel camjb in for refit. Re flame (re-fl&m')« v. i. To blaze again; to burst again into flame. Stamp out the fire, or this Will smolder and refiame. Tennyson. Re fleet ed (re-flSkt'ed), p. a. 1, Oast or thrown back ; as, reflected light. 2, (Her.) Curved or turned round; thus the chain or line from the collar of a beast thrown over the back is termed reflected.-Refleeted light( Paint.), the subdued light which falls on objects that are in shadow, and serves to make out their forms; it is refieoted from some object on which the light falls directly, either seen in the picture or supposed to be acting on it. Re fleet Ing (re-flSkt'ing), p. a.—Reflecting micro- scope, a form of microscope in which the object is placed outside of the tube, or outside the axis of the tube, and reflects its image to the speculum by means of a plane mirror inclined at an angle of 45° to the axis of the former. Re flee tion (re-flgk'shun), n. (Anat.) The fold- ing of a membrane upon itself; duplicature. Dun- glison. — Plane of reflection, the plane passing through the perpendicular to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence and the path of the re- flected ray of light or heat.—Total reflection, when a ray of light traversing a refracting medium is to- tally reflected at the surface of the medium, so that It does not issue from it at all. KEtfUGE Re fleet Ive (re-flekt'Iv), a.—Reflective faculties (Phren.), a division of the intellectual faculties, comprising the two so-called organs of comparison and causality. Re flex (rB'fleks), a.-Reflexactions (Physiol.), those actions of the nervous system whereby an impres- sion is transmitted along sensory nerves to a nerve center, from which again it is reflected to a motor nerve, and so calls into play some muscle whereby movements are produced.—Reflex vision, vision by means of reflected light, as from mirrorB. Reflu OUS f (rSf^tl-us), a. Flowing back; reflu- ent. "Refluous tide of the Dead Sea.' Fuller. Re flux (rS'fluks), a. Returning ; flowing In a back- ward direction; refluent; reflex. Re for est I za tion (re-for'est-iz-fi^shun), n. Tho act of replanting with trees. Scotsman. Re form (re-form'), n.—Reform acts (Eng. Poli- tics), the well-known acts which passed the legisla- ture in 1832, by which a considerable change was mado in the parliamentary representation of tho- people. The acts of 1832 wore modified and ex- tended by acta passed in 1867 and 1868, also known as reform acts.—Reform school, the name given in the United States to a reformatory or school, estab- lished by a state or cit7 government for the recep- tion, instruction, and reformation of juveniles who- have already begun a career of vice and crime, or who are addicted to idleness and vicious habits. Re form a ble (re-form'a-bl), a. Capable of be- ing reformed. Reform ly (re-form'li)', adv. After the manner of a reform. [R.] Milton. Re fract a ble (re-frSkt'a-bl), a. Capable of be- ing refracted; refrangible, as a ray of light or heat. Dr. H. More. Re fract ing fre-frSkt'lng), p. a—Refracting an- gle of a prism, the angle formed by the two faces ofj * the triangular prism used to decompose white or solar light.— Refracting surf ace, a surface bounding two transparent media, at which a ray of light, in passing from one into the otner, undergoes refrac- tion. Refraction (re-frflk'shunj, n.—Refraction of sound, the bending of a beam of sound from its rec- tilinear course whenever it undergoes an unequal acceleration or retardation, necessarily turning to- ward the eide of least velocity, and from the side of greatest velocity. Re fract ive ness (re-frSktlv-nes), n. The state or quality of being refractive. Re frac torn et er (re'frak-tSm^et-er), n. [Re- fraction^ and Gr. fterpov, a measure. ] An instrument, for exhibiting and estimating the amount of the re- fraction of light. Re fract or (re-frSkt'er), n. A refracting tele- scope. Re fract o ry ( re - frSkt'o - ri ), «. ( Pottery.) A piece of ware covered with a vapor able flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. « Knight. Ref ra ga bil 5 ty ( rSfra-ga-brr'i-ti), n. The state or quality of being refragable; refragable- ness. Ref ra ga ble ness ( rSfra-ga-bl-nes ), «. The state of being refragable; refragabUity. [R.] Re fresli (re-fresh'), v. t. To Rteep and soak, par- ticularly vegetables, in pure water with the view of restoring th6ir fresh appearance. Re fresli (re-fresh7), v. i. To lay in a stock of fresh provisions. We met an American whaler going in to refresh. Simmond'8 Colonial Mag, Re fresh er (re-frSsh'er), n. A fee paid to coun- sel for refreshing his memory as to the facts of a case before him, in the intervals of business, espec- ially when the case is adjourned from one term or sitting to another., 'A refresher, as lawyers call it.' De Quincey. Re fresh fully (re-frgsh'fyl-li), adv. In a re- freshing manner ; so as to refresh. Keats. Refreshing < re-frSsh'ing), n. Refreshment; relief after fatigue or suffering. * Secret refreshings that repair his strength.' Milton. Re frig er ant (re-frlj'er-ant), ». (Med.) A medi- cine whioh abates heat or cool*, or which directly diminishes the force of the circulation, and reduoes the heat of the body or a portion of it without oc- casioning any diminution of the ordinary sensibility or nervous energy. Re frig er a tion (re-frJj'er-ft^ahun), n. The op- eration of cooling worts and other hot fluids with- out exposing them to evaporation.— Refrigeration of the globe, the theory or hypothesis that the whole of this globe was once in an incandescent state, and thatthe process of gradual refrigeration or cooling down has been constantly going on, some believing that the center of the earth is still a molten macs. Re frln gen cy (re-frln'jen-si), n. [See below.J (Physics.) The power of a substance to refract a. ray; the quality of refracting light; refringent or refractive power. Re frln gent (re-frln'jent), o. [Lat. refringens,. refringentis, ppr. of refringo—re, back, and franco^ to break up; comp. refract."] Possessing the qual- ity of refractlveness; refractive j refracting; as, a< refringent prism. Ref uge (rgf'flj), n.—Harbors of refuge, harbors or ports which afford shelter to vessels in cases of di's- ' tress from weather; also, places of refuge for mer- chant vessels, from enemies'cruisers in time of war. Noiaxioh ; ft, 6,1, 0,11, long; &,£,!,&, ti, short; A, e( 1* o, a, obscure; fftr, f&ll, f#st, cAre; h6r, mOve, or; byll, Q, Fr.; it, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.REFUGE —House of refuge, ati institution supported by vol- untary contributions for tUo shelter of the homeless or destitute.—School of refuge, a charity, ragged, or industrial school. Called also Boys' or Girls' House of Refuge. [Eng.] Bef uge (rSf'Oj), v. t. To take Bhelter. [R.] Upon the heights Eastward, how few have refuged I Southey. Ref a gee Ism (rgf'Q-je^izm), n. The state or con- dition of a refugee. A state of political refugeeism. Oeorge Eliot. Re fund ment (re-fund'ment), n. The act of re- funding or returning in payment or compensation what has been borrowed or taken; or that which is refunded. Lamb. Re fur bish (re-fdi/bish), v. t. To furbish again or anew. Re fut f (rS'fut), n. Refuge j a place of refuge or retreat. Chaucer. Re ga 11a (re-ga'li-a), n. A large kind of cigar. Re ga II an (re-gjVli-an), a. Pertaining to a king or suzerain ; regal; sovereign. He had a right to the regalian rights of coining. Brougham. Be gal ism (r8'gal-lzm),n. See extract. Nevertheless in them [the Catholic kingdoms of Europe] rega'.ism, which is royal supremacy pushed to the very verge of schism, has alwaysx>revailed. Card. Manning. Be gal 1 ty (re-giU'i-ti), n. In Scotland, a territo- rial jurisdiction formerly conferred bp the king. The lands over which \his jurisdiction extended were said to be given in liberam regalitatem, the persons receiving the right were termed lords of regality, and exercised the highest prerogatives of the crown. Re gard ing (re-gard'ing), prep. [This word, originally a participle, la now established as a prep- osition, being freely used without being made to agree with aDy other word. J Respecting; concern- ing ; in reference to; as, to be at a loss regarding something. Be ge la tlon (rS^e-W'shun), n. [Lat. re, again, and gelatio, gelationis, a freezing, from gelo, gela- tum, to congeal, from gelu, ice.] A name given to the phenomenon presented by two pieces of melting ice when brought into contact at a temperature above the freezing point. In such a case congela- tion and cohesion take place. Not only does this occur in air, but also in water at such a temperature ac 100° Fahr. The phenomenon, first observed by Faraday, is obscure. gen e sis (re-jfin'e-sis), ». [Prefix re, again, and genesis.] The state of being renewed or repro- duced. Continual growth, regenesis, and self-perfeoting vi- _ tality. Carlyle. Regent-bird (re'jent-b6rd), «. (Ornith.) The Sericulus chrysocephalus, a very beautiful bird of Australia, belonging to the family Meliphagidw or honey-eaters, discovered during the regency of George IV., and named in complimen* to him. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 14. Re gi am - mcaj es ta tem (re'ji-am-maj'es-ta"- tem). The title given to a collection of ancient laws, eaid to have been compiled by the order of David I. king of Scotland. It resembles so closely the Tractatus de Legibus, supposed to have been written by Glanvil in the reign of Henry II., that no doubt one was copied from the other. Re gi anf (rC'ji-an), CL&t. regius, royal, from re#, regis, a king.] One who supports the authority of a king ; an upholder of kingly power. Fuller.. Be gifugi um {r6'ji-ffl"ji-um), n. [Lat., from rex, regis, a king, and fugio, to fly.] An ancient Komiin annual festival held according to some an- cient Writers in celebration of the flight of Tarqain the Proud. Re gion al (rS'jun-al), a. Relating or belonging to a particular region or section; sectional Goodrich. Re glon al ism (rS'jun-al-Tzm), «. Undue partial- ity to, or preference for, one's own country or re- gion ; excessive love for the district in which one resides. Beg is fer (rSj'is-ter), it—Lord register or lord clerk register, a Scottish officer of state who has the custody of the archives.— Register-grate, ft grate furnished with an apparatus for regulating the ad- mission of air and the heat of the fire.—Register-of- fice, (a) an office where a register is kept or where registers or records are kept; a registry ; a record- office. (6) An agency for the employment of do- mestic servants.—Register poiari (Print.), a device for puncturing or holding r, a&eet of paper, serving as a guide in laying on the sheet, so that the impres- sions on each side shall accurately correspond or register correctly. Begistered (r6j'is-terd), p. a. Recorded, as in a register or book; enrolled.—Registered oompany, a company entered in an official register, but not incorporated by act or charter.—Registered inden- tion^ an invention protected by an inferior patent. —Registered letter, a letter the address of which is registered at a post office, for which a special fee is paid in order to secure its safe transmission. Begisterlng (rSj'is-ter-ing), p. a. Recording; enrolling.-—Registering instruments, machines or instruments which register or record, as gauges, Indicators, and tell-tales. Simmonds. 681 Beg is trar-gen er al (rgj"is-trar-jSn'er-aI), n, An officer who superintends a system of registrar , tion : specifically applied to one appointed by the crown to whom the general superintendence of the whole system of registration of births, deaths, and marriages isintrusted. [Eng.] Regie ment a ry (rggle-mgnfa-ri), a. [Fr. reg- lementaire.] Of, relating to, or containing, regula- lations; regulative; as, a charter reglementary. [R.J Reg let-plane (rSg'let-plan), ». A plane used in making printer's reglets. Reg nal (reg'nal), a. [Lat. regnum, a kingdom.] Relating to the reign of a monarch or to a kingdom. —Regnal years, the years a sovereign has reigned. It was the practice in various countries to date pub- lic documents and ot.her deeds from the year of ac- cession of the sovereign. Re gne t (r3n), n. A kingdom; a reign. Chaucer. Reg nl cide (rSg'ni-sId), n. [Lat. regnum, a king- dom, and ccedo, to kill.] The destroyer of a king- dom. * Regicides are no less than regnicides.' Rev. T. Adams. Reg no san rns (r?g'no-pa"rus), n. [Lat. regno, to rule, and Gr. aaGpo?, a lizard.] (Paleon.) Lit. royal lizard. A provisional name for a large sauri- an of which the jaw and teeth alone have been found, supposed to be allied to the Megalosaurus. Re grant (re-grant), h. A i?jow or fresh grant. Macaulay. Re gress (rS'gres), n. (ScotsLaw.) Re-entry. Un- der the feudal law, letters of regress were granted by the superior of a wadset, under which he became bound to readmit the wadsetter, at any time when he should demand an entry to tfc» wadset. Re gres sion (re-gr8sh'un)» ».—Regression of the moon's nodes (Astron.), the motion of the line of intersection of the orbit of the moon with the eclip- tic, which is retrograde, or contrary to the order of the signs. The whole revolution is accomplished in about 18$ years. ' Re grede (re-grSd/), v. i. [Lat. regredior—re, back, and gradior, to go, gradus, a step.] Togo back: to retrograde, as the apse of a planet's orbit. [R. J Todhunter. Re growth (re-gr0th')» n. A growing again; a new or second growth. Darwin. Reg u la (r5g/fl-la), n. [Lat., a rule.] 1. A term for the book of orders or rules of a re- ligious house; rule. Rev. F. O. Lee. 2, (Arch.) A fillet or Iistel, by some restricted to the band or fillet below the taenia in the Doric architrave; a reglet. Reg u lar (rdg'ti-ler), a. Thorough; out-and-out; perfect; complete ; as, a regular humbtig ; a regu- lar deception ; a regular brick. [Colloq.]—Regular architecture, that which has its parts symmetrical or disposed in counterparts.—Regular curves, the perimeters of conic 'sections which are always curved after the same geometrical manner.—Reg- ular sales (StockExchange), sales of 6tock to be de- livered on the day following the transaction. Reg u lar (rgg'fi-ler), n. (Chron.) A fixed number attached to each month, which assists in ascertain- ing on what day of the week the first day of each month fell, and also the age of the moon on the first day of each month. Reg u lar ly ( rSg'fl-ler-U ), adv. Thoroughly; completely; as, he was regularly taken in. [Colloq.] Reg ti la table (rgg'fl-iat"a-bl), a. Capable of be- ing regulated. ' Steam in regulatable quantity.' Knight. Reg tl la tor (rSg"tl-iat/er), n.—Regulator cock (Locomotive Engines), a cock placed to admitoil or tallow to lubricate the faces of the regulator.— Reg- ulator cover (Locomotive Engines), the outside cov- er, removable when required to examine the reg- ulator.—Regulator shaft and levers (Locomotive En- gines), the shaft and levers placed in front of the smoke-box when each cylinder has a separate reg- ulator.—Regulator valve, the valve in a steam-pipe of a locomotive engine for regulating the supply of steam to the cylinders. Reg u lus (r6g'fi-his), n. (Ornith.) A genus of in- sessorial birds closely allied to the wren. They are the smallest birds of the family Sylviadse. Re gur (rS'ger), n. (Oeol.) The native name for the cotton soil of India, covering at least one-third of Southern India, characteristic chiefly of the high plateaux of the Deccan. It is of alluvial origin, and probably of upper pliocene age. Be hash (re-hash'), v. t. To hash anew ; to work up old material in a new form. Re liasli (re-Msh'), n. Something hashed afresh; something made up of old literary material; as, a rehash of literary composition. Re hearing (re-hSr'ing), n. A second hearing: a second consideration ; especially (Law), a secpnd hearing or,trial. Re Hearse (re-hdrs7), v. i. To repeat what has been already said or written ; to go through some performance ioprivate,preparatory to pnblio repre- sentation. 4 Meet me in the palace wood... ,t]xere will we rehearse. Shak. JBe 111 bi tion (re/hi-bTsh//un), n. [Lat. re, back, * and habeo, habitum% to have.] (Law.) The return- . ing of some article by a buyer on the ground of some defect or fraud. Be liib i to ry (r^-blVl-to-r.i), a. Belonging or • relating to rehibition. RELATIVE Bo liy poth e cate (re'hl- p8th"e -Mt or rB'hl- pOth^e-kSt), v. t. To hypothecate a second time; to lend as security bands previously hypothecated as security by the orfe with whomjthey are depos- ited. Re hy poth e ca tion (rS'hI-pQth/e-ka//shun or r6/hl-p6th/e-ka//6hun), n. The act or process of re- hypothecating ; the state of being rehypothecated. Rei (r6), n. Same as Ree. Reiclis rath (rikhs^at), n. [G.—reich, a king- dom, an empire, nnd rath< counsel, gdvico, a coun- cil, a senate.] The imperial parliame- ' of the Aus- trian Empire. Reieli stadt (rlkh'sffet), n. [G.—reich< a kingdom, and stadt, a city.] Lit. city of the empire. The designation given to the several free cities which, under the old German constitution, held immediate- ly of the empire. Reichs tag (rlkhs't&g), n. [G.—"eicTi, a Iringdom, and tag, a day.] The imperial parliament of Gerr many which assembles at Berlin ; the German diet. Re-lm pose (rg'izn-pOz")* v. t. To place upon again. Re-1 in po si tion (re'Im-po-zTsh^un or rS-im'pO- zlsh"un), n. Act of re-imposing. The re-imposition of a fixed duty on corn. Gladstone. Re-in force (rg'm-fOrs")* v. t. Same as Re-en- force. Re-in snr er (re'in-shOr^er), n. One who insures a second time. Reird (rSrd),/i. [A. Sax. reord, the voice.] Noise ; shouting; the act of breaking wind. [Scotch.] Sir D. Lindsay. Reird (r5rd), v. i. To make a loud noise ;"to make a crashing noise ; to break wind. [Scotch.] Sir D. Lindsay. Reis (r8s, rls, or f<3s), n. ["\T. reis% ra'is, head, chief.] A head; a chief; a leader; a captain of a ship; a common title in*the East. Written also Rais, Ras. Reise (rfes), n. [O. Eng. rysy A. Sax. hris; cog. Icel. Arts, Dan. riis, G. reis, Sw. ris, a thin branch, a twig.] A small twig ; brushwood, [Scotch.] I saw him wil^k away amang the reizes. Sir W. Scott• Reis ner-work (rls'ner-werk), n. [From i«fs in- ventor Reisner, a German of the time of Louis XIV.] A kind of inlaid cabinet-work in which woods of contrasted colors are employed, designs being r formed in woods lighter or darker than the ground. Re is sue (re-lsh'O), n. A second or renewed issue; . as, the reisrue of old notes or coinage. Re 1st (rSstf, v. t. [Dan. riste, to broil or toast. Akin roast. J To dry by the heat of the sun or by smoke ; as, to reist fish. [Scotch.] Reist (rSst), v. t. To make to stand still; to arrest in a course. Written also Reest. [Scotch.] Reist (rest), v. i. To stop ohstinately; to stick fast, as a horse. Written also Reest. [Scotch.] , Sir W. Scott. Re it er ant (re-It;er-ant), a. Reiterating. [Poet. and R.] E. B. Browning. Rejon (ra-h0n0, n. [Sp.] A spear or lance used by those engaged in bull-fighting. Re ju ve na tion (re-ju've-na^shun), n. The act of restoring or state of being restored to youth; re- juvenescence. Re lapsed (re-lilp8t')» <*• (-R- Cath. Ch.) A term applied to a heretic who having abjured his errors has fallen back into them again. Sometimes used as a noun. Re laps ing (re-l&ps'ing),p. a. gliding or falliBg back; characterized by a relapse or return to a former worse state.—Relapsing fever (Pathol.), an acute, epidemic, contagious fever, characterized by a relapse of all the symptoms during convalescence, which may be repeated more than or>ce. During the remissions, pains in the muscles ard joints are often experienced, while in the paroxysmal stage, spiral bacteria have been discovered in the blood. It is also called/amine fever, because it generally oc- curs during seasons of destitution. ? Re lat ed ness (re-.Vit'ed-nes), n. The state or condition o 1 being related ; relationship ; alliance; affinity. Emerson. Relation (re-ia'shun), n. l. (Math.) Ratio; proportion. The term is sometimes used in a more general sense in reference to two quantities which have something in common by means of which they may be compared, or indicating any dependence of one quantity upon another. 2* (Logic.) One of the ten predicaments or act cidents belonging to substance. 3* (Arch.) The direct conformity to each other, and to the whole, of the different parts of a build- ing.—Inharmonic relation (Mus.), a term denoting that a dissonant sound is introduced which was nrt heard in the preceding chord. Re la tion al (re-13'shun-al"), a.—Relational word (Gram.). See under Notionau. Rel a tive (r61'a-tlv),a.—Relativemode (3fus.),the mode which the composer interweaves with the principal mode in the flow of the harmony.—Rela- tive chronology (Qeol.)% the geological method of computing time, as opposed to the absolute or his- torical method.—Relative gravity, the same as Specific Gravity.—Relative motion, the change of the relative place of a moving body with respect to ' some other body also in motion.—Relative place^ that part of space which is considered with regard to other adjacent objects.—Relative terms (Logio), terms which imply relation, as guardian and ward, ch, chain; go; j, job; Bg, sing; Cfc, th&n; th, thin; W, teig; wh, whig i zh, aeore ; oo,food; ol,oil; on, pound. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in tlie latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. |•RELATIVITY coaster and servant, husband and wife.—Relative time, the sensible measure of any part of duration by means of motion, Rel a tiv t ty (rei'a-tlv"i-ti), n. (Metaph.) A term employed to denote the relation which exists be- tween matter and the mind.—Relativity of human knowledge, the theory or principle that the nature, extent, and oondition of oar personal experience, determine the range and nature of our knowledge. Be lax a tlon (rS/Iak-s5"6hun), n.—Letters of re- laxation (Scots Law), letters passing the signet, whereby a debtor was relieved from the horn, that is, from personal diligence. Such letters are not now employed in civil cases, but in criminal prose- cutions. Rel ban (rgl'bijn), ». The roots of Calceolaria arachnoideat largely used for dyeing woolen cloth crimson. Re leas ee (re'iea-5"), n. (Law.) A person receiv- ing a release or quit-claim deed ; a relessee. Re I eas or (re-lSe'or), n. (Law.) One who grants a release ; one who quits or renounces that which he has; a relessor. Re lees f (re-lSe')t ». Release. Chaucer. Re lent lag (re-18ntfing), n. A softening; a fit of compassion. Rel les (r^l'lks), n. pi. (.R. Cath. and Greek Church- es. ) The remains of saints or martyrs, or parts of them, or of their garments, etc., which are con- sidered in many instances to be indued with mirac- ulous powers. Re lief (re-ief ), n.—Relief church (Eccl.), a body of presbyterian dissenters in Scotland, who amalga- mated with the Secession churches and formed the United Presbyterian Church; Re light (rg-llt7), v. i. To bum again«to rekindle; to take fire again. The desire....relit suddenly, and glowed warm in her heart. Charlotte Bronti. Religieuse (r&-l&h-8-6z),». [Fr.] A female re- ligieux; a nun. Reli^i enx (r6-16zh-S-6), n. sing, and pi. [Fr.] One who is engaged by vows to follow a certain rule of life authorized by the church ; a member of a mo- nastic order; a monk. Re lig toil (re-lfj'un), ».—Established religion, that form of religion in a country wfc^ch is recognized and sanctioned by the state, in distinction from other fdrms, and to which certain privileges and distinctions are attached.— Natural religion, the knowledge of God and of our duty Which is derived from the light of nature or of the unaided reason.— Revealed religion, the knowledge of God and of our duty which comes to us from positive revelation.— To get religion, to be converted : a term in use among certain religi(&8 denominations in the United States. Re llg 1 os t ty (re4Ij/i-0a//i-ti), ». Religious ex- ercise. [R.] Hoporifio sermons... .closed the domestic reltgiosities of those melancholy days. Southey. Rel i qua (rSl'i-kwa), n. [Lat. nom. pi. neut. of reliquus, remaining, fromrelinquo.} (Law.) The remainder or debt which a person finds himself debtor in, upon the balancing or liquidating of an account. Wharton. R'ei ish fill (rSl'ish-ful), a. Capable of being rel- ished ; having as agreeable tadte; enjoyable; rel- ish able. Beecher. Rem a nation (r5m'a-n£"8hun or rS'man-a"- sbun), n. [Lat. re, back, and ma.no, to flow. ] The act of returning, as to its source; the state of being rte-abeorDed; re-absorption. * [Buddhism's] pan- theistic doctrine of emanation and remanation.»■ 1 Macmillan's Mag. R$m a net (r8m'a-net), n. [La-t., it remains.] (Law.) A suit standing over, ®r a proceeding con- nected with one which is delayed or deferred. Rem berge (rSta'bGrj^n. (Naut.) A long narrow rowing vessel of war formerly used by the English. Rem blatl (r6fi-bia), n. [Fr.] (Bngfn.) A term used to exprees the earthwork that is carried to (bank in the case of a ranway or canal traversing a 'natural depceesion of surface. x - Heme f (r&p), », A realm. 4 Sondry rentes.' Chaucer. Re mead) (re-mSd')i» Remedy; redress ; help. Be mede ) 'Succor and remede.1 Emerson. Writ- ten also Revised, Remeid. Re me ant (•rS'me-ant, rCm'e-ant, or re-mS'ant^a. [Lat. remains, remeantis, ppr. of remeo—re, back, aud meo, to go.] Turning back; returning. [R.J Kingsley. Re medial (re-m6'di-al ),-«•— Remedial statutes (Law), those statutes which are made to supply soxae defect in the exiting law-, and redress some abuse or inconvenience with which it is found to be attended, without introducing any provision of a penal character. * Remedy (rgm'e-di), n. — Remedy of the mint (Coiiiage)* a certain allowance at the mint for devi- ation from the standard weight and fineness of coins. Called alfeo Tolerance. Re merge (re-merj'), v. i. Tp merge again- or anew; to become reabsorbed. Remerging in the general souL / , Tenhyson. Re meuf jv' L Toremove. Chauder. Rem I ga ble (rSm'i-ga-bl), a. [Lat. remex, rem- igis, a rower, from remus, an oar. J Capable of be- 682 ing rowed upon; fit to float an oared boat. * Remt- gable marshes.1 Cotton. Re mij 1 a (re-mlj'i-a), n. [After Remijo, a Brazil- ian physician.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. or- der Cinchonace® : the bark of some of the species is used as a substitute for cinchona. Rem 1 ills cence (rSm'i-nis//sens),n.. That which is recollected or recalled to mind; a relation of what is recollected ; a narration of past incidents, events, and characteristics within one's personal knowledge; as, the reminiscences of a quinquagena- rian. [This is the sense in which the word ia now most commonly used.] Rem 1 nis cent (r5m/i-nTs"sent), a. Having re- membrance ; calling to mind ; capable of recollec- tion. 'Some other state of which we have been previously conscious, and are now reminiscent Sir W. Hamilton. Rem 1 nls cen tial ly ( r6m'i-nis -gn^shal-li), adv. In a reminiscential manner ; by way of call- ing to mind. Rem 1 nls cl to ry (r8m'i-nIa//si-to-ri), a. Of or pertaining to reminiscence or recollection; remi- niscent. I still have a reminiscitory spite against Mr. Job Jon- son. Lord Lytton. Re mis si o in ju ri se (' re-mls'si-o in-jfl'ri-e ). Lat.J (Sco£s Law.) A plea in an action of divorce or adultery, implying that the pursuer has already forgiven the offense; condonation. Re mlt (re-rnlt'), v. i. (Com.) To transmit money, etc. Addison. Remit (re-mltf),*. (Scots Law.) A remission; a sending back. In judicial procedure the term is applied to an interlocutor or judgment transfer- ring a cause either totally or partially, or for some specifio purpose, from one tribunal or judge to another, or to a judicial nominee, to execute the purpose of the remit. Re mlt tan cer (re-mlt'ans-er), n. One who sends a remittance. 4 His remittance™ at Madrid.' Cumberland. Re mlt tee (rS'mit-5")» n. A person to whom a re- mittance is sent. Re mlt tent ( re-mlt' ent), a.—Remittent fever (Med.), any fever which suffers a decided remission of its violence daring the twenty-four hours, but without entirely leaving the patient. It differs from an intermittent in this, that there is never a total absence of fever. Re mit tent (re-mlt'ent), «. (Med.) Any disease which presents remissions ; a remittent fever. Re mod 1 fy (re-mOd'i-fl), v. i. To modify again; to shape anew; to re-form. Re molt en ( re-m01' ten ), p. a. Melted again. ' Glass already made and remolten.' Bacon. Re mon e ti za tlon ) (re-m5n'et-iz-&"8bun), n. Re mon e tl sa tlon ) The act of monetizing again; the act of making to be again a legal tender; the restoration of bullion as the legal or standard money of account. Re mon e tize ) (re-mQn'e-tlz or re-mtfn'e-tlz"), Re mon e tlse ) v. t. To restore to circulation in the shape of money; to make again the only le- gal or standard money of account, as gold or silver ooin. Re mon strant ly (re-mSn'strant-li), adv. In a remonstrant manner; remonstratively. [R.] George Eliot. Re mon stra tlve (re-mSn'stra-tlv), a. Of, be- longing to, or characterized by, remonstrance; ex- postulatory; rem®nstrant. Re mon stra tlve ly ( re-m5n'stxa-ttv-li ), adv. In a remonstrative manner ; remonstrantly. Re mon stra to ry ( re-mOn'stra-to-ri), a. Ex- postulatory; remonstrative; as, a remonstratory tone. Dickens. Re mon tant (re-mttn'tant), a. fFr.] A term ap- plied to a hybrid perennial rose wnich blooms twice In a season. Remon tolr (r6-m8h-tw4r), (Horology.) A kind of escapement in which the itxipulse is not commun- icated directly to the pendulum or balance, but by means of a special contrivance acted upon by the wheel-work. It ja designed to sustain the. move- ment of the escapement perfectly even. Rem o ra (rgm'o-ra), n. (Med.) A stoppage or stagnation, as of the blood. Remoulade (rSm-g-l&d), n. [Fr. remoulade, rem- olade.] (Cookery.) A fine kind of salad dressing, consisting of volk of hard-boiled eggs, salad-oil, mustard, pepwr, and vinegar. * Re move (re-/mdv/), n. 1* A class or division in a school er the like. [Eng.] He advanced in the school by going up two removes in a year. v West. Rev. 2. A dish removed from the table to make room for something else. Rem phan (rgm'fan), n. An idol worshiped by the Israelites while they were in the wilderness. / Acts vii. 18. Remplt (rflfi-pl0), p. a. [Fr., filled up.] (Her.) A term used when a chief is filled with any other met- al or color, leaving only a border of the first tinc- ture round the chief. III. PI. 16, Fig. 15. Re mutation (re/mu-ta/'sbun), n. The aot or process of changing back ; alteration to a previous- form/or quality. Southey. Renaissance (r6-nft-s6fis or re-nSs'sftfts), n. [Fr.. regeneration or new birth—re, again, and naia* sance, birth.] A term generally applied to the REPEATER transitional movement in Europe from the middle ages to the modern world ; but specially applied to the time of the revival of letters and arts in the fif- teenth century, and in a narrower sense to the style of building and decoration which succeeded the Gothic, and was to a large extent a revival of the forms and ornaments of Roman and Grecian art. —Renaissance architecture, a style which originated in Italy in the first half of the fifteenth century, and afterward spread over Europe. Its main char- acteristic is a return to the classical forms which had been displaced by the Byzantine and the Gothic. Ro n&ls sant (re-nSs'sant), a. Of or relating to the renaissance. Re £tas cence (re-nSs'sens), n. Same as Renais- sance. [This form seems now to be generally used.] The spirit of the Renascence. J. R. Oreen. Ren cu lus (rgn'ktl-lus), n. [Dim. of Lat. re», the kidney.] (Anat.) A lobe of the kidney. Ren der (rgn'der), v. t. To express fully and clearly to others, the meaning, effect, and spirit of; to give adequate expression to; to reproduce vivid- ly ; as, to render a musical composition ; to render a part on the stage. Rendering (ren'der-ing), n. (Fine Arts and Drama.) Interpretation; representation; repro- duction ; delineation ; exhibition; as, it was a fine rendering of the piece. Rend-rock (r6nd'r5k), n. The name given in the United States to a variety of dynamite, otherwise called by the French name lithofracteur% of which it is an approximate translation. Ren e ga tlon (rgn'e-gjT'shun), ». The aot of de- nying; denial. It was worse than the worst heresy, being absolate renegation of Christ. 1 Milman. Re neie ) (re-nft'), v. t. [Fr. renter, from L. Lat. Re neye ) renego.] To abjure; to renounce. Chaucer. Reng ef (rSnj'e), n. A range; a rank; a row; a Btep of a ladder. Chaucer. KlnSeti^'e), } » <■ Tonm- f en net-whey (rSn'net-whfl), n. The serous part of milk, separated from the caseous by means of rennet.- It is used in pharmacy. Re no wn er(re-noun'er),n. [Translation of G. re* nommist.] A bully ; a boaster; a syaggerer. Long- fellow. 10 thou beer-soaking renovmer.1 Thackeray. Re nown fttl f (re-noun'fyl), a. Renowned; illus- trious. ' Renownful Scipio.' Marston. Rent (r6nt), v i. To be let for rent; to be teased or rented; as, the hquse rente for a thousand dol- lars a year. Rent al (rgnt'al), «. The gross amount of rents from an estate ; as, the rental of the estate is five thousand a year.—Rental right, a species of lease at low rent, usually for life. The holders of such leases were called Rentalers or Kindly Tenants. [Eng.] Rent al er (r6nt'al-er), n. One who holds a rental right. [Eng.] See under Rental. Rent-day (rent'dfi), ». The dtey for payingrept. Rente (rftht), n. [Fr.] A public fund or stock bearing interest; French government stock. Re nan ci ance (re-n&n'shi-ansorre-ntn'sl-ans), The act of renouncing ; renunciation. Tragical renuncianoe. v Carlyle. Re nun ci a tion (re-ntJn/shi-5//shun or re-nfin'- si-a^shun), n. (Law.) The act of renouncing a right: applied particularly in reference to an exec- utor who has been nominated in a will, but who, having an option to accept it, declines to do so, and to avoid any liability expressly renounces the office. (Scots Law.) The term is also used in reference to an heir who is entitled, if he chooses, to succeed to heritable property, but, from the extent of the en- cumbrances, prefers to refuse it. Re om e try (re-Om'e-tri), n. Same as Rheometry. Re o pen (re-O'pn),^. i. To be open again ; to open anew ; as, the schools reopen for the session to-day. Re-o ri ent (re-O'ni-ent), a. Arising again or anew, as the life of nature in spring. The life reorient out of dust. Tennyson. Re o stat (rS'o-stSt), n. See Rheostat. Rep (rSp),». An abbreviation for Reputation, for- merly much used, especially in the asseveration upon or 'pou. rep. 4 Worn by dames of repS Tom D' Urfey. Do you say it upon rep f Swift. Re pair (re-pfir')*State as regards repairing; as, a building in good or bad repair. __ Re panfdo-den tale (re-pfin^do-dfin'tat), or (Bot.) Repand and toothed. Rep a ra Ml i ty (r6p' a-3^bfl//i-tl), n. The state or quality of being reparable. R'e pas sant (re-pas'ant), a. (Her.) A term ap. . plied when two lions or other animals are borne go- ing contrary ways, one of which is passant, by walk- ing toward the dexter side of the shield in the usual way, and the other repassant hy going toward the Minister. Re pay (re-pS7), v. i. To requite either good or evil. Vengeance is mine, I will repay. Rom. Re-pay (re-p&')t v. t. To pay a secondjime, as a debt. Re peat er (re-pSt'er), n. 1. A fraudulent voter; one who votes or attempts to vote more than once at an election. [U. S.] ^ S0XAWon' ft, e* I, 0, tl, long; a, 5,!, 5, ti, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, fftll, f»8t,\c4ro; her, move, or; byU,fi,Fr.; h, IrM to*: jggr On this page will be found words, pnrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster s and Wcr cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.REPELLENT 3. (Arith.) An in terminate decimal in which the 1 8&mo figure continually occurs. A repeater is also called a Simple Repetend. 3* (Naut.) A vessel, usually a frigate, appoint- ed to attend each admiral in a fleet, and to repeat every signal he makes, with which she immedUtp- ly aails to the ship for which it is intended, ol* the whole length of the fleet when the signal is general. Called also Repeating ship. [Eng.] 4j {Teleg.) An instrument for automatically re- sending a message at an intermediate point, when, by reason of lenglh of circuit, defective insulation, oto., tne original line current becomes too enfeebled to transmit intelligible signals through the whole circuit. Be pel lent (re-pSl'ent), n. A sort of waterproof fabric. Be perception (r6'per-sSp/'shun), n. The act of perceiving a second time ; a repeated perception of the same object. My own solitary reperaeption. Keats. B£p er tolre (r6p"er-tw&r'), n. [Fr. repertoire.J A repertory ; specifically, a list^f dramas, operas, or the like, which can be readily and efficiently per- formed by a dramatio or operatic company on ac- count of their familiarity with them; the stock pieces of a theater, etc.; those parts, songs, etc., that are usually or most frequently performed by an actor, vocalist or the like ; henoe, generally, a certain number of things which can be readily done by a person from his familiar acquaintance with them. Bep e tltlon (rSp/e-tIsh"uii), n. {ScotsLaw.) He- payment of money erroneously paid. Be pine f (re-pin'), ». A repining; mortification; vexation. Shak. Be pledge (re-plcj), v.t. 1* To pledge again. 2* (Scots Law.) To demand judicially, as the person of an offender accused before another tribu- nal, on the ground that the alleged offense had been committed withia the repledger's jurisdiction. Be pledg er (re-pl6j'er), n. One who repledges. Be pledg la re (re-plej"i-S're), v. t. - [L. Lat.] 1. (Law.) To redeem a thing detained or taken by another by giving sureties. 3» (Scot8 Law.) To repledge, Beplenlsh (re-p18n'ish), v. t. To refill; to fill again after having been emptied; to fill afresh ; as, to replenish a wine glass. Bep 11 ca tlon (r^'ll-klT'shun), ». 1. (Logic.) The assuming or using the same term twice iu the tame proposition. 2* .Repetition; henoe, a copy : a portrait. The notes... .mainly consisted of replications of Mr. G.'s placid physiognomy. Farrar. Bep 11 ca tlve (r6p"U-kat1ve), a. Same as Repli- cate.a. Me plume (re-plllm')t v. U To rearrange; to put in order again. ' The right hand replumed. Browning. Be ply (re-pir), n. 1. That which is done for or in consequence of something else; an answer by deeds : a counter attack ; as, his reply was a blow. 2* (Afu«.) The answer to the leading theme, sub- ject, or principal in a fugue. Be port lng (re-pOrt'iag), n. The act or system of dravHng up reports.—Newspaper reporting, that system by which debates and proceedings of various kinds, events of interest, etc., are given through the newspapers. Be posal' (re-pCz'al), n. That on which one re- poses. 4 His chief pillow and reposal.' Burton. Be pose nil (re-pOz'fyl), a. Full of, or inviting to, repose ; affording repose or rest; peaoeful; trust- ful. 4 A fast friend, or reposeful confidant.* Howell. Bapo at Hon (r0'po-zl8h"un), ». (Soots Law.) Retrocession, or the returning back of alright from the assignee to the person granting the right. Bo* P<>ft ure (re-pO'zbttr), n. Repose ; rest; quiet; tranquillity. 4 In the reposure of most soft content.' Marston. BepoUfls6 (r6-p&s-e&),n. [Fr.,pp. otrepousser—re, baok, and pousser, to push, to thrust.] A term ap- f>lled to a style of ornamentation in metal, especial- y silver, resembling embossing. It is effected by repeated strobes of the hammer from behind until a rough image of the desired figure is produced, which is finished by chasing. Be-pre sent (rCpre-zgiit'7), v. t. [Prefix re, and pr esent. ] To present anew ; to present to the mind after having been observed before. f Some objects instead of being re-presented are left ab- sent. O. H. Lewes. Bep re ten ta tlon (rSp're-zen-ta^'shun), ». (Law.) (o) The standing in the place of another, as an heir, or in the right of taking by inheritance; the personation of another, as heirs, executors, ad- ministrators. (6) A collateral statement in insur- ance, to enable the insurer to form a just estimate of the risk, (o) (Scots Law.) The written pleading presented to a lord-ordinary of the Court of Session when his judgment was brought under review. Be-pre» on ta tlon (re'prez/en-ta/'sbun), n. The act of presenting to the oqind what was formerly present, but is now absent. Q. H. Lewes. Bog re *ent a tlve ( rgp're-zSnfa-tlve ), n.y JEfmwe of Representatives^ the lower or popular branch of the supreme legislative body inihe United States; the lower house ot tfce nutionalyjongress. It consists of numbers chosen biennially by the 683 people of the several states In numbers propor- tioned to their population. Each state appoints at least one repi osentative. Be i>ress 1 ble (re-prgs'i-bl), a. Oapable of being repressed or restrained. Be press 1 bly (re-prSs'i-bli), adv. In a repress- ive manner. *- ' Be prise (re-prlz')? «. 1. A term used by masons to denote the return of meldings in an internal angle. 2* (Maritime Law.) A ship recaptured from an enemy or pirate. If recaptured within twenty-four hours of her capture, 6he must be restored to her owners in whole, if after that period she is the law- ful prize of those who recaptured her. Beprlstlnate (re-pris'tin-fit), v.t. TO restore to pristine or first state or condition ; to revive. [R.] Ropris tin a tlon (re-prls/ti-n&//shun), n. The act of restoring to original or first state or con- dition, or the state of being so restored; resuscita- tion. [R.j Bep ro ba cy (rgp'ro-ba-si), n. The state or qual- ity of being reprobate; wickedness ; profligacy. His present state of reprobacy. Henry Brooke. Bep ro ba tlon (rSp'ro-bfi^shun), n. (Eccl. Law.) The propounding of exceptions either to facts, per- sons, or things. Be production (r6'pro-dfik"shun), n. That wnich is reproduced or revived ; that which is pre- sented as, the play is not new, it is a repro- duction. Bep taut (rgp'tant), a. ( Bot. and ZoOl.) Creep- ing ; rooting ; crawling ; reptatory ; reptile. Bep ta to ry (rgp'ta-to-ri), a. (ZoOl.) Creeping; crawlinp ; reptant; as, reptatory animals. Dana. Bep til 1 a (rep-ttt'i-a or rep-tfli-a), n. pi. (Zo6l.) A class of vertebrate animals, constituting with the birds, to which they are most closely allied, Huxley's second division of vertebrates, Sauropsida. Bep ton ize (rgp'ton-Iz), v. t. [From Humphry Repton.] To lay out, as a garden, after the manner of or according to the rules of Repton. [R. Eng.] Sou they. Be pub 11c an (re-pfib'lik-an), a.—Republican par- ty < in United States politics, a name first applied to the party organized in 1856, which favored a strong central government, not acting in certain particu- lars tbrodgh the states, but directly upon the peo- ple, and opposed to tbe extension of slavery in the Territories: distinguished from the Democratic party, which maintained the rights of individual states. Be pub lie an (re-pfib'lik-an), n. In United States politics, one of the Republican party. See under the adjective.—Black Republicans, a name applied by their opponents to the Republican party in the Unit- ed States, from their anti-slavery tendencies.—Red Republican, an extreme republican; a republican of tbe most radical type; a communist; a red. Be pu di a tlon 1st (re-ptt/di-a//shun-ist), n. One who advocates repudiation ; one who disclaims lia- bility for debt contracted by a predecessor in office, eto. Be pug nant (re-pfig'nant), a. (Law.) Contrary to what is stated before ; inconsistent: generally used of a Clause in eto instrument inconsistent with some other clause or with the general object of the instrument. Be pul pit (re-pfll'pit), v. t. To restore to the pul- pit; to reinvest with power in a churoh. Tennyson. Be put* (re-pflt')» n. — Habit aq,d repute (Scots> La w), an expression applied to whatever is held and reputed or generally received as matter of fact; as, a habit and repute thief; a habit and repute mar- riage. ^ Be put ed (re-pllt'ed), p. a. Generally considered or esteemed; generally believed, regarded, or ac- counted. 4 The rcpttfed-son of Cordelion.' Shak.— Reputed owner ( Law), one who has to all appearan- ces the right and actual possession of property. Be qua-bat ter y (re'kwa-bSt'er-i), n. A kind of mitrailleuse, consisting of a number of rifle breech- loading barrels arranged upon a horizontal plane on a light field carriage, used in tbe American civil war. Bequest (re-kwSst7), «.—Letters of requests, (a) (Eng. Eccl. Law) an instrument by which the reg- ular judge of a cause waives or remits his own ju- risdiction, in which event the cause comes uiMerthe jurisdiction of the Court of Arches. (6) Letters for- merly granted by the lord prrvy-seal preparatory to granting letters of marque. [Eng.]-' Be quest-note (re-k-^gst'nOt), n. In the inland revenue, an application to obtain a permit for re- moving exciefable articles. fEng.l Be qui es cence (rS^wi-es^ens), n. A return to a state of quiescence; return of rest or repose. Such bolts... .shall strike agitated Paris, if not into requitocence, yet into wholesome astonishments Carlyle. Beq nl si tlon (rgk^i-eTsh^un), v. t. 1* To make a requisition or demand upon; as, to requisition a community for the support of troops. 2* To demand, as for the use of an army' or the public service, j ' * 3. To present a requisition or request to; as, to requisition a person tq*become a candidate for a *seat in Congress. [Recent in all senses.] Be quit (re-kw!t')» n. Req^tal. [Scotch.] Burns. Be quit a ble (re-kwlt'a-bl), a. Capable of being requited. Re-read (se-rSd), v. t. VEo read again or anew* i I' Trollope. RESIN ATE Bere-brace (rer'brfls), n. (Ano. Armor.) kirSxai for the upper part of the arm avove the elbow, forming the connection between the pauldron and the vambraee. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 16./ v Re ree (re-re7), n. [Hind.] (Bot.) A plant, the Typha angustifolia, whose leaves are used in the Northwest Provinces of India for ndakii.g mats. Re-re it er at ed (rS're-If'er-fit'ed), p. a. Reiter- ated or repeated again ahd again. ' Grant my re- reiterated request.' Tennyson. Re-rls en (re-rlz'n), pp. Risen again or anew. 4 The sun of sweet content re-risen in gatie's eyes.' i ^ Tennyson. Bes(r6s), n. [Lat., a thing.] A thing; a matter; \ a point; a cause ctr action: used in sundry legal phrases ; as, ree gestae, things done, material facts, as opposed to me?.e hearsay ; ires judicata, a matter already decided. ^ ^ Res cous f (rSe-ktis') v. t. Rescue. Chaucer. Re scrip tlve (re-skrlp'tlv), a. Relating to or hav- ing the character of a rescript; decisive; settling. Rese f (rSz), v. i. To tremble ; to sfcake. Chaucer. Re searclt (re-sGrch'), n. (.flfws.) /An extempora- neous performance on the organ, pianoforte, or the like, in which thedeading themes or subjects in the piece to which it terves as prelude are suggest- ed and employed. _ • • ■ i Repeat (re-sgf), v. t. T6 put a hew seat or new seats in ; to furnish with a. new seat or seats; as, to reseat a church. " \ Re se da (re-sfj'da), n. [Lat., tromresedo, to calm-, to appease—the Latins having considered its appli- cation useful in external bruises.] (Bot.) A genus of annual, biennial, qnd perennial herbs and under- ahrubs of Europe, nat. order Resedace®, of which it is the type. R. Luteola (wild woad or dyer's weed) affords a beautiful yellow dye, and was formerly cultivated for that purposcu, R. odorata is mignon- ette. ' Res er va tlon (rSz'er-vS^shun), n. (Eccl.) The name given to that part of the sacramental elements which, in the Roman Catholic church, is kept back either for the communiomof^he sick onabsent, or for the purposes of devotioo. , " ^ , Re serve (re-zGrv'), n. 1* (Mil.) , (a) That por- tion of the military force of a country upon which its defense is thrown when its regular forces are serfc ously weakened or defeated ; as, the n$val reserve, (b) A magazine of warlike stores situated between an army and its base of operations. v 2. (Theol.) The system accordii^g' to which ohly that portion of the trwth is set befpre the people which they are regarded as able to comprehend or to receive with benefit Known also,among Roman Catholic writers as the EconGmy.1 ~~ 3. (Calico-printing.) Same as Resist. Re served (re-z^rvd'), j>. a.—Reserved list, in the English navy, a list of officers put on half-pay, and removed from active service, but liable to be called out on the remote contingency of there being an in- sufficiency of officers for active service.—Reserved power (Scots Law), a reservation ma,de in deeds, settlements, etc* Reserved powers are at different sorts; as, a reserved power of burdening a proper- ty ; a reserved power >to revoke or recall a settlement or other deed. " Yte» er'vee (rSz^er-vg"), n. (Law.}, One to whom anything is,reserved. ^ > Res $r voir ( ^Sz'er-vwor" or rSf'er-vwor ), n. (Bot.) A name sometimes applied the receptacles for the peculiar juioes of plants, t I J' Res er von (rgrer-vor*),(L&w.) " One who re- serves. — ' ' ; Story. Re set ta ble (re-sSt'a-bl), sld u al (re-zid'G-al), a.—Residual air, the air 1 which remains in the chest ahd cannot be expelled, variously estimated at from 80 tap1 ]i40 cubic inches. —Residual charge, a charge of electr4city spontane- ously Acquired by coafced j^'ass, or any other coated dielectric after ^a di'sehofrge^ owing^ the slow re- turn to the surface of that part df the original charge which bad penetrated within the dielectric. /a \ Faraday* Be sid v a ry (re-zld'fl-aj*!), -Residuary gum, th^-dark residuary' matter from'tne treatment of oils and ifats in the/ntanufacture of stearins, used in coating fabrics for tlft mefnufactnre of roofing, /etc. . , * ' Be sld a ons (re-ad^^s), a. Residual; remain- ing. , - .'•■■■ Landor. Be sld u um (re-zId^H-fim), *. 1. ~{Law.) Ta«» part of an estate or oi goods and chattels remainmg aftpr the payment of d^bts qndlegacieto. - * 2. The vilest and most worflhle® part of a pts pie; the sepm or|dreg8 of sociefty; Che rabble. / ' ) - Brig,. Be siege i\(re-8 Gf)%vjt. Tojseat again; to rosea > V r ^ Spenser Res Ig nant (rSz'i^na^t), ctT (Her.) Concealed; applied to a lion's tail. ^ ' f Res Ig uk tlon ,(ifcz'ig-nW'sfcfan), (Scots Law.) The form by which tbe vassal retiJrns tfte feu into the hands of "a superior.- /» , Bus In a ceous (rgz'in-fi'^bus), a. Relating to, or having the properties of, resin1'; refiinous. Res In ate (rgz'i^-at), n. (Chem. )j A general nam* for a salt of the acids obtained $o*n turpentine, viz. sylvic, pinic, and pimario acid. The general •h,*tfiala; g, 00; J, Job: ng, sing; tb, then; tti.tMm w. wlsr • wh, whig; zh,a«ure; oq, food\ pi»p$; p&, ptwnd. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries-RESIN-BUSH / formal® of these ealta are C20H29MO2 and O40H58 r muo4. Resin-busb (r§z'in-bush), ». (Bot.) A colonial South African name for -fktryops speciosisaimus, so ' called because of a gummy exudation often seen on tbo stem and leaves. Re sin I fl ca tlon (re-zln^-fl-k^'shun), «. The act or process of treating with resin. The reainiflcation of the drying oils. Ure. Rett In old (rgz'in-oid), a. Resembling resin. Re slst ance (re-zlst'ans), n.—Resistance or resist- ing force (Physics), generally, a force acting in op- position to another force so as to destroy it, or diminish its effect.—Resistance coil ( Teleg.), a coil usually of a material of a less conducting power than the main circuit, introduced into a circuit to increase the resistance.—Electric resistance, the force required to electrify a given body, and there- fore the opposition to the passage of a current.— Unit of resistance (Elect.), the standard of measure- ment of electric resistance. The unit adopted by the British Association is called an ohm (which see); it is about equal to the resistance of a round copper wire 485 meters long and 1 millimeter in diameter. The French unit of resistance equals nearly 9 ohms. Re sistfiil (re-zTst'ful), o. Withstanding; inclined to resist; resisting. Re slst lng (re-zlst'ing), p. a. Withstanding; op- posing.—Resisting force, see under Resistance.— Resisting medium, a substance which opposes the passage of a body through it. Specifically (Astron.), an exceedingly rare medium supposed to be dif- fused through space; ether. Xi£e smooth ( re - smttth), v. t. To make smooth again ; to smooth out. Tennyson. Re sold (re-sOld'), PP- of resell. Sold a second time, or sold after being bought. Re sol der (re-sOl'der), v. t. To solder or mend again; to rejoin; to make whole again. 'Resolder'd peace.' Tennyson. Bcs o la tion er (r6z'o-10//shun-er), n. (Eccl.) One of a party in the Church of Scotland in the 17th centary. Res o nance (rSz'o-nans), n. (Med.) A thrilling of the voice more loud than natural, or its existence in a part where it is not heard in health, as detected by auscultation. Dunglison. Resonator (rgz^o-nflt'er), n. (Mus.) An in- strument for facilitating the analysis of compound sounds. If a note be sounded corresponding to the peculiar or proper note of the instrument it will ap- pear greatly intensified. Re sor cine (re-zor'sln), n. {Resin, alluding to galbanum, and orcine.] (Chem.) A colorless crys- talline compound obtained by fusing galbunum with potassium hydrate, dissolving the fu-ied product in water, neutralizing with sulphuric acid, and mixing the filtered solution with ether. It yields a fine pur- ple red ooloring matter and severed other dyes. Re so an t (re-sOn'), i\ i. To resound. Chaucer. Re sound, (re-sound7), v. i. To sound again ; as, the trumpet sounded and resounded. Re source less ness (re-sOrs ' les-nes"), 1%. The etate or condition of being without resources. R. Brotoning. Re spect ant (re-spgkt'ant^ a. (Her.) Said of two animals borne face to face. Rampant beasts of prey so bo/ne are said to be combatant. Res pi ra tton(r6s/pi-rfi//shuu),n.—Artificial res- piration, respiration induced by artificial means. It is required in cases of drowning, the inhalation of chloroform, noxious gases, and the like. Re splr a to ry (re-splr a-to-ri or 1 Ss'pi-ra-to-ri), a.—Respira/tory nerves, a series of nerves proceed- i?;s< from a narrow white fasciculus, situated be- tween the corpus olivare and the oorpus retiforme, in the medulla oblongata, and appropriated to the function of respiration.—Respiratory sounds, the sounds made by the air when being inhaled or ex- haled. They are of the highest importance in the diagnosis of diseases of the chest and bronchial tubes.—Respiratory surf ace, the surface of the lungs that comes in contact with the air. This surface is extended by minute subdivision of the lungs into small cavities or air-cells.—Respiratory tree (Z06I.), the name given to an organ found in some of the Holothuroideajfan order of echinoderms. It con- sists of two highly contractile, branched and arbo- rescent tubes which run up toward the anterior ex- tremity of the body, and perform the function of respiratory organs. Res pi rom e ter (r6s/pi-r3m/'et-er), n. An in- strument designed for ascertaining the state of the respiration. Res pon de-book (res-p8n'de-b\jk), n. A book kept by the directors of chancery in Scotland for entering the aocounts of all non-entry and relief duties payable by heirs who take precepts from chancery. XLe spon si ble (re-spOn'si-bl), a. Characterized by or involving responsibility; implying accounta- bility ; as, a r%ponslble trust. . Mes sault (r6s'<), n. [Fr.] (Afich.) The recess or projection of a member from or before another, so as to be out of the line or range with it. Rest (rSst), n. (Her.) The name given to a figure of doubtful Import. It has its name from being taken for a spear-rest, but its shape rather suggests a musical instrument, wherefore it has been called an organ-rest. It is not Improbably the representa- tion of some Instrument like Pan's pipes. 684 Rest (r8st), n. [Fr. reste, Lat. resto, to rest.} A surplus or guarantee fund held in reserve by e bank, or other such company, to equalize its divi- dends when the profits made fall below the amount required for paying the usual dividend to share- holders, or to fail back upon in any great emergency. Res taur i (res-tor'), n. [Fr. restaur, recovery of Res tor ) a loss as against an insurer, from Lat restaurare, to restore.] (Law.) The remedy or recourse which assurers have against each other, according to the date of their assurances; or aghinst the masters if the loss arise through their default; also, the remedy or recourse a person has against his guarantee or other person, who is to indemnify him from any damage sustained. Res tl a ce ae (rSs'ti-a^se-g), n. pi. [From Lat. res- tist a cord, because their stems are used as cords at the Cape of Good Hope.J (Bot.) A nat. order of plants, principally inhabiting the southern hemi- sphere, and nearly related to the Cyperace®. Res tl form (rSs'ti-form), a. [Lat. restis, a cord, . and forma, likeness.]- In the form of a cord ; con- sisting of strands; specifically (Anat.) applied to two cord-like processes of the medulla oblongata. Restily (r&B'ti-Ii), adv. In a sluggish manner; stubbornly; untowardly. Rest ing-ow ing ( rgst'ing-O'ing ), a. (Scots Law.) (a) Resting or remaining due : said of the debt. (6) Indebted : said of the deb/or. Rest ing-place (rgst'ing-pias), n. 1. A place for rest; a place to stop at, as on a journey: used figu- ratively or poetically for the grave. From out my resting-place. Tennyson. 2» ( Arch.) A half or quarter pace in a staircase. Res ti tute (resti-tflt), ». Something offered or restored byway of restitution; a substitute. [R ] Restitutio in integrum (rgs'ti-td'^hi-O in In'te-grum). [Lat.] (Law.) The rescinding of a contract or transaction, so as to place the parties to it in the same position with respect to one another which they occupied-.before the contract was made or the transaction took place. Restitution (r5s'ti-ta"shun), n. 1* (Physics.) The return of elastic bodies forcibly bent or com- pressed to their natural state; called Motion of Res- titution. 2, (Law.) The putting a person in possession of lands or tenements of which he had been unlawful- ly disseized.—Restitution of conjugal rights (Law), a species of matrimonial cause which is brought whenever the husbaud or wife is guilty of the injury of Subtraction, or lives separate from the other, without any sufficient reason.—Restitution of mi- nors (Law), a restoring of minors to rights lost by deeds executed during their minority.— Writ of res- titution (Law), a writ which Jies where judgment has been reversed to restore to the defendant what he has lost. Res tor (res-tor'), n. (Law.) See Restaub. Re subject (re'sub-jgkt"), t>. t. To subject again or anew. Re surge -fre-sGrj'). r. i. [Lat. resurgo.'] To rise again ; to reappear, as from the dead. ** Hark at the dead jokes resurging. Thackeray. Re sur prise (rS'ser-prlz'Oj n. A second or fresh surprise. A reaurprise of the castle. Baton. Resurrect (rSz'er-rekf), v. t. 1. To raise or steal from the grave, as a dead body ; to re^urrec- tiouize. [Low. U. S.J 2, To raise from the dead ; to restore to life ; to revive or bring to light a forgotten question; to re- animate. Res ur rec tion ize (rea'cr-rgk^shun-Iz), v. t. To raise from the dead; to take from the grave ; to resurrect. [R.j Southey. Re ta ble (re-tfi'bl), ». (Eccl.) A shelf or ledge at the back of an altar on which candles or vases are placed. Sometimes called Super-altar. Re tain al (re-t&n'al), n. The act of retaining. [R.] Ann. TI Review. R£ tain ing (re-tan'ing), p. a.—Retaining fee, a retainer.—Retaining wall, a wall that is built to re- tain a bank of earth from slipping down ; a revet- ment. Called also Retain-wall. Re tain-wall (re-tfiu'w&l), n. See under Retain- ing. Re tard (re-tfird), n. Retardation : nsed chiefly In the phrase retard of the tide, that is, the interval between the transit of the moon at which a tide originates and the appearance of the tide itself. Retardation (r6'tar-da''shun), «. (Physics.) The act of hindering the free progress or velocity of a body, and ultimately therefore stopping it. It arises from the opposition of the medium in which the body moves, or from the friction of the surface npon which it moves, or from the action of gravity. —Retardation of mean solar time, the change of the mean sun's right ascension in a sidereal day, by which he appears to hang back, as it were, in his di- urnal revolution. Re tard ed (re-tard'ed), p. a. Obstructed; imped- ed.—Retarded motion (Physics), that which suffers continual diminution of velocity, as the motion of a body projected upward. If the diminutions of velocity are equal in equal times the motion is said to be uniformly retarded. Re te (rS'tS), ». [Lat., a net.] (A nat.) A vascular net-work or plexus of vessels.—Rete mirabile, a net- work of blood-vessels in the basis of the brain. RETBACTOB Re tent (re-tSnf), ». [Lat. retentus, pp. of retineo, to retain.] That which is retained or kept in pos- session. Re ten tion ( re - tgn'shun ), n. (Med.) (a) The power of retaining, as in the stomach or bladder. (b) A morbid accumulation of solid or liquid matter in vessels of the body or cavities intended to con- tain it only for a time. Re tent is (re-tSnt'is). [Lat., ablative pi. of reten- tus, pp. of retineo, to hold back.] Things retained, —To be kept in retenlis, to be kept among things retained or reserved for some future purpose.—To lie inretentis (Scots Law), to lie in proof, as the ex- aminations of witnesses, which, in certain cases, are taken before^the case is ripe for trial. Re tlior f ( ra'tbor ), n. [Gr. pijrwp.] An orator or rhetorician. Re ti a rt se (r6/ti-5//ri-6), n. pi. [Lat., from rete, a net.] (Entom:) The name given to those spiders which spin a web to entrap their prey. Re ti a ri us (re'ti-a^ri-us). n. [Lat., from rete, a net.] (Roman Antiq.) A gladiator who wore only a short tunic and carried a trident and net. With these implements he endeavored to entangle and dispatch his adversary, who was armed with a hel- met, a shield, and 6word. Re tic u la ri a (re-tlk'fl-ia"ri-a), n. pi. Same as Reticulosa. Re tic u lar ly (re-tik'fl-ler-li), adv. In a reticu- lar manner. 'Reticularly ridged.' Owen. Re tic u lat ed ( re-tlk'-fi-lat'ed ), a.—Reticulated glass, a kind of ornamental glassware in which a net-work of air-bubbles is inclosed in the glass and arranged in regular interlacing series.—Reticulated molding (Arch.), a member composed of a fillet in- terlaced in various ways like net-^ork. It is seen chiefly in buildings in the Norman style. Re tic u la tion (re-tlk'H-la^shun), n. A method of copying a painting or drawing by the help of threads stretched across a frame so as to form squares, an equal number of proportional squares being made on the canvas or paper on which the copy is to be made. Re tic u lo sa(re-tIk/£MO'/sa),n.pl. (ZoOl.) A term employed by Dr. Carpenter to designate those Pro- tozoa, such as the Foraminifera, in which the pseu- dopodia run into one another and form a net-work. Re tic uium (re-tlk'fl-lum),». [Lat., a little net.] 1* (Compar. Anat.) The honey-comb bag, or second cavity of the complex stomach of the rumi- nant quadrupeds. 2, (Bot.) The fibrous dgbtis at the base of the petioles of some palms. Ret i nac u lum (ret'I-nak^fl-lum^n. [Lat., that which holds back, a holdfast, from retineo, to hold back.] 1* (Bof.) A viscid gland belonging to the stig- ma of orchids and asclepiads, and holding the pol- len-masses fast. 2. (Surg.) An instrument formerly used in op- erations for hernia, etc. Re ti ner vis (rS'ti-ndr^vls), n. [Lat. rete, a net, and nervus, a nerve.] (Bot.) Having veins with the appearance of net-work. Called also Reticulato- venose. Ret i nos co py (rSt'i-nOs'/ko-pi), n. [Retina, and [Gr. to see.] (Med.) Examination of the retina of the eye. Retlral (re-tlr'al), n. The act of retiring or withdrawing; specifically, the act of taking up and paying a bill when due; as. the retiral of a bill. Re tit e If© fre-tIt'e-16), \n.pl. [Lat. rete, Re tit e la ri SB (re-tlt'e-ia^ri-S), ) a net, and tela, a web.] (Entom.) A tribe of sedentary spiders, whose webs are not formed on any regular plan, the threads crossing in all directions. Re tci* felon (re-tor/shun),n. The act of retorting; specifically (International Law), the use, by a power injured through the withdrawal by another power *of some indulgence, of the right of retorting by the withdrawal of the like indulgence from the latter. Written also Retortion. Re tort ed ( re-tort'ed), p. a. 1* Thrown back; bent back ; twisted ba<& 2• (Her.) Applied to serpents wreathed one in another, or fretted in the form of a knot. Re tort-bouse (re-tort'hous^, n. That portion of a gas-work in which the gjas is manufactured and the retorts are situated. Simmonds. Re tose (rS'tOs), a. [Lat. rete, a net.] (Bot.) A term formerly applied by Dr. Lindley to a division of endogens which have reticulated leaves, as Smi- lax. Hoblyn. Re tour (re-tOi/), n. [Fr., a return.] (Scots Law. ) Expressed or enumerated in a retour.—Retoured duty, the valuation, both new and old, of lands ex- pressed in the retour, to the chancery, when any one is returned or served heir. Re trace a ble ( re-tras'a-bl), a. That may be retraced; capable of being traced back. Re tract or (.re-trftk'ter), a. 1. (Anut.) A mus- cle, the office of which is to retraot or draw back the part into which it is inserted. 2. (Surg.) (a) A piece of clotb employed in amputation for drawing the divided musoles, etc., upward, and thus keeping every part of the wound out of the way of the saw. (6) A hook or hoe-like instrument to hold back masses of flesh or anything obstructing the view while operating on deep-seatea organs. Notation; g, 8,1, 0, Q, long; ti. Bhort; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, f&il, f^st, cAre; h6r, mGve, or; byll, 0, Fr.; h, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. ___RETRIE VEMEN T Su, (Ftr+arma.) A device by which the metallic autridgs-casea employed in breeoh-loading guns *xr. "Ritic'rawn after firing. j&o e ment (re-trgv'ment ), n. Act of re- tr>-^»rinr-t or state of being retrieved; retrieval. jfco f er ( re-trCv'er), n. A dog specially train- ex! to go in quest of game which a sportsman has shot, or a dog that takes readily to this kind of work. Ro tro ces sion (r6'tro-s<$«h"un or rSt'ro-sg^b"- on),». (Scots Law.) The reconveyance of any right by an assignee back into the person of the cedent, who thus reoovers his former right by be- coming the assignee of hi? own assignee. Be tro ces slon al ( r§'tro-s€sh"un-al or rSt'ro- sSsh 'an-al), a. Of or belonging to retrocession.— Betrooetaional hymn (Eocl.), a hymn sung by the choir after the service, when going from the church to the robing-room; also, but'less oorrectly, called recessional hymn. Be tro ces sion al (r6/tro-s<3sh"an-al or rdt'ro- s&sh"un-al),n. The retrocessional uymn. See* un- der Rktbocbsbionax^ a. 'He tro choir (rC'tro-kwIr or rSt'ro-kwTr )*n7 fLat. retro, backward, behind, and Eng. choir.] (Eccl. Arch.) The chapel and other parts behind and about the high altar; the Lady-chapel. tjro-cop a late ( rS'tro-k5p//fl -ljlt or rBfc-ro- k^p"C-iat), v. i. To copulate or beget young from behind, as most animalB. Be tro Tract (rfi'tro-frfikt or r6t'ro-frakt), a. S5me as Retrofracted. Bp tro grade (rB'tro-grad or rgfrro-£»ad), v. t. To cause to go backward or recede. Sylvester. Be tro gres slon ( r5'tro-gr€sh"un or r5t'ro- grgsh^un), n. 1* (Aatron.) The same as Retro- gradation. (Physiol. ) Backward development. When an animal, as it approaches maturity, becomes less perfectly organised than might be expected from its early stages and known relationships, it is said to undergo retrogression, oc a rettogmde develop- ment or metamorphosis. Be tro mln sent 1 y (rS'tro-mTn"jent-li or rgtfro- m!u//jent-li), adv. In a retromingent manner. B* tro-op er a tlve (r6'tro^ip//er-a-tIv or rfit'ro- 5p"er-a-tfv), a. Retrospective in its effects; a--, a retro-operative decree. Kinglake. Be tro pha ryn ge al (rS'tro-fa-rln^je-al or r6t'- ro-fa-rin//je-al), o. [Lat. retro, backward, and pharynx.} ('Anat.) Relating to parts behind tbe pharynx or upper part of the throat; as, a retro- pharyngeal ab^ceas. Be £ro-uterlne (rS'tro-fT'ter-In or rSt'ro-fl"ter- In), a. [Prefix retro, backward, and uterine. J Situated behind the uterus.or womb; as, a retro- uterine abscess. Be tro^vac ci na.tlon (r6'tro-v2k/8i-na"sbun or r8t'ro-vak/8i-nfl'/shun), n. (Med.) The act of vac- cination with lymph derived from a cow which had been inoculated with vaccine matter from the hu- man ^ubject; the act.of passing the vaccine matter through the cow. Be tra slon (re-trfl'zhnn), n. The act of retrud- ing, or state of being retruded. 4 Betrusion of the constituent cause.1 Coleridge. Bet ter y (rSt'er-i), n. A place where flax is ret- ted ; & retting. Bet tl« weights (rSt'ti-wats), n. pi. The small e^g-ehaped seeds of Abrus precatorius, used as weights in Hindustan. They are of a soarletor black c >lor. Miz trarn (re-t6rn;), V. t. (Card Playing.) To play a card of the same suit as one's partner played be- fore. Be turn (re-t6rn'), »•—Return-ball, a toy ball which )s held by an elastic string so as to make it return to the hand from which it is thrown. —'Return-match, a second match or trial played by the same two sets of players to give the defeated party their revenge. —Return-ticket, aticbfct issued by railway and steam- boat companies, coaoh proprietors, and the like, for tbfe journey out and back, generally at a reduced charge.—Rptum-valve, a valve which opens to allow reflux of a fluid under certain condition*, as in case of overflow, or the like.—Returns of a mine (Fort.), the turnings and windings of a gallery leading to a mine.—Returns of a trench, the various turnings and windings which form the lines of a trench. Be turn Ing-of fi cer (re-t6rn"ing-8f/fis-er), n. The officer whose duty it is to make returns of writs, precepts, juries, etc.; the presiding officer at an election who returns the persons duly elected. Be Cuse (re-tfls'), n. (Conoh.) Terminating in an obtuse sinus, as is the case with certain shell*. Bev a les cence (r6v a-15s"ensor r6'va-l&s 'ens), n. The state of being revalescent, or convalescent; recovery from sickness. The patient's reyalescence. Coleridge. Bev a les cent (r6v'a-16s"ent or rB'va-l?s"ent), u. [Lat. revalescena—re, again, and valesco, inceptive of raleo, to be well.J Beginning to regain health; recovering from sickness. [R.J Be val ue (re-vai Q), v. t. To value again. Be vamp (re-vfimp'), v. t. To vamp, mopihan-thfi//se-8), n. pi. (Bot.) An order of the dicotyledons established by Jussieu, but now ihdorporated with Scrophulariace®. Bhlad-mart ( rind' mart), n. ( Scots Law. ) A word of occasional occurrence in the reddendo of oharters ip the north of Sootland to signify any spe- cies of horned cattle given at Martinmas as part of the rent or feu-duty. Bell. Bhl B6Q cfe phal 1« (rl'nen-se-fai"!*), n. [Gr. pi's, p\v4f, the noee. and «y»ce^aAo»', the brain.] (Anq,t.) Pertaining to the nose and brain j specif- ically applied to the prolongation of the substanoe of the brain forming the olfaotory nerves. Bhl nen ceph a lontrrnen-eSfa-lon), n. (Anat.) A term applied to the anterior division of the brain, situated in front of the prosencephalon or oerebral hemispheres; It forms the source of the olfaotory nerves. Bhlne Wine (rtn win), ri. A general term for wines produced on the Rhiue, but more specifically for those of the Rheingau, a district along the Rhine in the south-west of Nassau, and formerly be- longing to the archbishopric of Mayence* Bhl no bat 1 dae (rl'no-bafiMlS), n. pi. (Johth.) The shark-rays or beaked rays, a family of plagltos- tomous elasmobranchiate fishes, uniting the charac- , ter of the sharks and the rays, but referred to the latter in virtue of the position of the gill-openings and the nature of-the teeth. The saw-fish is the most refmnrkable member of the family.' Bhl no loph 1 dae (rl'no-lttf'i-dfi), n. pi. [Gr. pi?, pivo?, the nose, and Ao4>o?, a crest.] (ZoOl.) A family of insectivorous Cheiroptera, including the greater and lesser horseehoe-batB of the Old World and Australia. The crested membrane of the nose has more or lens the appearance of a horseshoe. Bhl nol o phlde (rl-nOl'o-fld), n. (ZoOl.) One of the Rhinolophid®. Bhl no scope (rl'no-skOp), n. [Gr. pi'*, the nose, and oxoTrew, to view. J A smali mirror for in- specting the passages of the noge. Bhl no scop lc (rl'no-sk0p"ik), ch' Of or relating to the rhinoscope. „ Bhl no® co py (rl-nOs'ko-pi), ». Examination of the passages of the nose by means of the rhinoscope. BhlP If® (rtp'sa-lis), n. (Bot.) AgenusofCac- tace® inhabiting South and Central America, Mexi- co, and the West Indies. > 686 Bhl zanth (rl'zanth), n. (Bot.) A plant belong- ing to the Rhizanthe®. > ^ Bhl zan the as (rI-z£n'the-€), n. pi. [Gr. pt£a, a root, and avOo?, a flower.] (Bet.) One of the five classes into which Lindley divided the vegetable kingdom. It consists of plants destitute of true leaves, but with short amorphous pteras parasitical on roots, and Includes the orders Cycinace®, Raffle- siaceae, and Balanophoraceta. By other botanists these orders are placed widely apart. Bhl zo bo la ce ae (rI-zO'bo-ia"8e-G),n. pi. [From RhizoboluS) the principal genns.] (Bot.) A small family of tropical American dicotyledonous trees, comprising only the genera Caryocpr or Rhizobo- lus and Anthodiscus. Bhl zo car pons (rI/zo-kftr/'pfts), a. [Gr. a root, and Kapwo?, fruit.] (Bot.) A term applied to those plants whose roots are perennial, but whose stems perish annuallv, as herbaceous plants. ^ Bhl zo ceph a la (rl'zo-sef'a-la^n. pi. [Gr. a root, and/re^aA?;, the head.] (ZoOl.) A name pro- posed for a group of low crustacea, of the subclass Epizoa, but nearly allied to the cirrlpedes or bar- nacles. Bhl zo crl nns (rfzo-krf'nus), «. A 'genus of cri- noids or lily-atars represented by the R. Loffot'ensis of Sars. RhizocrinuB is nearly allied to the fossil Apioorinid» of the chalk. Bhlz o dont (rlz'o-d6nt or rl'zo-dSnt). n. [Gr. pt'^a, a root, ami 65ov?, 656kto«, a tooth.] (ZoOl.) A term applied to reptiles whose teeth, like those of the crocodiles, are planted in distinct sockets. Bhlz o das (rlz'o-dun or rl zo-dus), n. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil ganoid fishes, allied to reptiles, occurring in the coal-measures, originally con- founded with Holoptychlus, but differing from the latter in the large size of the species, the form of the scales, and in the teeth. Bhlz o gen (rlz'o-jen or rl'xo-jen), ». [Gr. jit£a, a root, and yiwdw, to produce.] (Bot.) A parasitic flowering plant, destitute «f true leaves, growing on the roots of other plants. Rhizogens constitute the third class in Dr. Lindleysystem. Bhlz o gen (rlz'o-jen or rl ao-jen), a. Growing on , roots; producing roots* Bhlz old (rlz'oid or rl'aoid), n. {Bot.) An ap- pendage formed like a root. Bhlz old (rlz'oid or rl'aoid),) o. [Gr. pt£a, Bhl zold e ons (rl-zoFde-ds), ) a root, and likeness. 1 (Bot.) Resembling a root. Bhl zo ma nl a (rTzo-m^'nl-a), n. [Gr. pita, a root, and ^Lavia^ madness.J (Bot.) An abnormal development of roots peculiar to many plants, as ivy, ecr«rw-pines, figs, etc., which send out roots from various parts, just n* trees produoe adventi- tious buds. Bbl ^ome (rl-zOm', rl'zOm, or ri». Some as Rhizoma. ' \ Rhl zomor phold {rl'zo-mor^foid), ) a. [Gr. Bhl zo mor phous (rrzo-mor//f&fj), ) pt$at a root, popart) shape, and «I6of, likeness.J Rootlike in form. Bhl zo mj« (rl'zo-mis), A. [Gk>. pt^a, a root, and /uiu9, a mou6e.j (ZoOl.) A genus of rodents remark- able for their very small eyes and ears. A good ex- ample of this genus iB the bay bamboo rat (R. badi- tsa), which inhabits Halaooa and China% Bhl zoph a ga (rl-zCf'a-ga), ». pi. [Sr. a root, and to eat.] (ZoOl.) Root-eaters; one of the five sections into which Owen divides the marsupials, of which the most characteristic species is the Australian wombat. \ Bhl zoph o ra ce ae ( ri - ' o-rf " »e-€), n. pi. (Bot.) The mangroves; a natural order of trees of which the genus Rhizophora is the type. , Bhl zoph o rous (rlhiQf o-rlis), a. (Bqt.) Root- bearing ; belonging to the natural order Rhizop'ho- Rhlz o pod CsrTz/o-p5d or rT'zo-pQd),^ (JSo&i.) A member of the order Rhizopoda. Bhl zop o da (rl-zOp'o-da), n. pi. [Of. pi^a, ayro©t^ and trovs, iro£of, a foot.] (ZoOl.) The loirest class of the Protozoa, comprehending thoee members which are deeiitute of a mouth, are single or com- 'pound, and possess the power of emitting paeudoi>o- dia. They are mostly minute^ frequently niicro- soople, but some (sjueh as the «x>c/nge«) attain con- / siderable size. Structurally the rhizopods oooeist of a mass of sarcode, destitute of organs fdr diges- tion, eto. These animal organisms have bpen'of great geological importance, cbtolk being mostly made up of the shells of Foraminifera, while the shells of the Nummulitee (so named from their ooin- like shape) constitute the chief ingredient in the limestone of which the Egyptian pyramids are made. The class has been divided into five orders—Mone- ra, Arooebea, Foraminifera, Radlolaria, and Spon- gida* of which the last is occasionally considered a separate class. . V Bhl zo stome (rfzo-sfOm), », (ZbGl.) A hydro- zo6n of the section Diecophora and order Lnoerna- rida. Bhl zo atom 1 dae (rTzo-stSuy'l-de), n. pi. [Gr. pt£a, a root, and o-ro^a, a mouth.] (ZoOl.y (A fam- ily of Hydroxoa of the order Lucernaivida, in which reproductive elements are developed in free *ooitin, produced by fission. The genus Rhizoetoma is the Zo tax Is (rl^zo-^Sk^sie), n/^rGr^p^/a root, and rafc?, arrangement,] (Bot.) The/afi»ng«ment of the roots. " " . . KHYMB Bho dal oze (rO'dal-Oz),) n. [Gr. po2ov, a rose, Bho dal ose (rO'dal-Os), J and oAy, aAoj, sait.J (Min.) Red or cobalt vitriol; sulphate of cobadt. Bho dan lc (rO-d&r'ik), a, [Gr. poSov, a roue.] (Chem.) A term applied to an acid, called also SuU phocyanio Acid, whioh produces a red color with persaflt8 of iron. Bho dan the (rO-dfin'thS). n. [Gr. p6Sov, a rose, and se, and u/xigi>, a membrane.] (Bot.) The typical JTotaxiom: &, C, I, 0, tl, long; fi, 6,1, 5, fi, shortHS; e, 1, o, n, obscure; f&r, fftll, f»st« cAre; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in cester s Unabridged Dictionaries. Mr, move, or; b^ll, 0, Fr. j ft, Fr., ton j the latest editions of Webster's and War-EHYMEKOYAIi be mora correctly written rime, as In Old English ^nd by some modern writers. 4 The spelling of rhyme or rhime (with h inserted from ignorance) is not older than a. r>. 1550.' Skeat. Rhyme-roy al (rTm"roi'al), n. A name former- ly given to the stanza of seven lines of ten-sylla- ble verse, in which the first and third lines rhyme, the second, fourth, and fifth, and tho sixth and aev- enth. Riiyn ©ho ce plia II a (rTn/ko-s®-fa//li-a), n. pi. [Gr. pvyxos,a snout, and k«$oAjj, a head.] (ZoOl.) A group of lizards comprising only the genus Spheno- don (which see). f&iiyn cho ce tl (rln'ko^S^tl), n. pi. [Gr. pvy\o<;, a saout, and ktjto?, a whale.] (Z06I.) A family of cetaceans allied to tho cachalots or sperm-whales. They are distinguished by the possession of a point- ed snout. single blow-hole, small dorsal fin, and den- tition. Rhyn clto lite (rfn'ko-llt), n. [Gr. pvyxo?, a beak, and Ai'0«, to bear.] (Entojn.) The curcu- lios or weevils, a sub-section of coleopterous in- sects, characterized by having the head prolonged In the form of a snout or proboscis. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 18. Rhyn cho phor© (rln'ko-fOr), n. (Entom.) One of the Rhynchophora. Bhyn cho sau rui (rIn'ko-s9"rus), ». [Gr. pvy- ® beak or snout, and to, to write, to deline- ate.] Lit. dirt-paiaiiug: a oontemptuous term ap- plied by the ancient a to genre or still-life pictures.* ' Fairholt. Rhy glm © ter (rl-slm'e-ter), n. [Gr. pvaiv, av flowing, and nirpoP, a measure.] An instrument for measuring the velocity of fluids or the spe'ed of ^hip9. It presents the open end of a tnbe to the im- pact of the current, Which raises a column of mer- cury in a graduated tube. _ , Rhythm (rithni or rlthm), w. (Med.) The order of proportion, aa regards time, which reigns be- tween the diffpre'nt movements 'of an organ—as of the organism in health and disease. .Thua, rhythm Is applied to the diurnal variation? of the pulse, and, to the paroxysmal movements of an intermittent. Dunglison. Rhyth lAlci (rith'mik or rlfb'mik), a. 1. Of or re- lating to rhythm; having sfcythm ; duly regulated by cadences, accents, and quantities. k My rhyth- mio thought.' - JET. B. Broujning. 2. (Med.)' Periodiqaf. Rhytn micg (rlfch'miks or rlfb'miks), n. That branch of music which treats of the length of souiids and of emphasis. Rhy tld o ma (rl-tld'o-ma), n. [Gr. pv-?6s,\a flow- ing, j*hd 6£>n' R1 al (i;6'al or rl'al), n., A Spanish coin ; a real. R4». [From_ Ribston, in Yorkshire, England, where Sir Henry Goodricke planted three pips obtained from Rouen in Normandy. Two died, but one«urvived to be- come the parent of all the Ribstol apples Jn En- gland. Brewer.] A fine variety of apple. Rib-supported (rib^sup'-pOrt'ed),a. Support- ,ed or sustained by ribs. Rib-vaulting (rlb^valfing), n. (Arch.) Yault- ' iug having ribs projecting below the general surface of the ceiling to strengthen and ornament it. Ricsci a c© ae (tlk'si-a 'se-C), n. pi. [In honor of j P. Francisco Ricai«, a Florentine botanist.] (Bot.) A nat. order of liverworts, or Hepaticro, consisting of delicate, green, membranous fronds, spreading on the ground or floating in waiter. 3?hey are most- ly natives ,of warm climates. * ' Rice (rls), n.— Rice-biscuit-, a*biscuit made with flour, with a greater o" .e§s proportion of rice mixed, sweetened with sugar, and flavored and en- riched with butter, currents, etc.—Rice-corn, same as Pampas-rice (which see).—Rice-dust, the refuse of rice which remains When it is cleaned forfthe market, consisting of the husk, broken grains, and dust; rice-meal. It is a valuable food for cattle.— Rice-flour, ground rice for making puddings, etc.— bice-glue, a species of glue made by boiling ground rice in soft water to the consistence of thin jelly.— Rice-meal, same as Rice-dust.—Rice-milk, milk boil- ed\and thickened with rice.—Rice-pudding, pudding made of milk and rice, with eggs and sugar, and often enriched with fruit, as currants, gooseberries, apples, o^c.—Rice-shell, a species of shell of the ge- th, then; th, thin; w, toig; wh, whig: zh, phrases and definitions NOT contained in RIDICULOSITY nu8 Oliva^—Rioesoup, a kind of soup made with rice» enriched and flavored with butter, cream, veal* chicken, or mutton stock, a little salt and pepper, and thickened With flour.— Rice-water, water thick- ened by boiling rice in it, sweetened with sugar and flavored with cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, or the like. It is a pleasant drink, and is often given in caseeof diarrhoea.— Rice-wine, a highly intoxicating liquor made by the Chines© from rice. Rich ar dl a (rich-firMi-a), n. [In honor of L. C. Richard, an eminent French botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of plants nat. order Aracere, of which only one species is known (R. cethiopica), a native of the Cape of Good Hope. It is often known as the white arum, lily of the Nile, or trumpet lily. Rich ard so ni a (rich'ard-sfV'ni-a), n. [In mem- ory of Richard Richardson, an English botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of trailing plants, nat. order Rubi- acem. The species are natives of America. Ricinln© (ris'i-nln), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid contained in the seeds of the castor-oil plant (Ri- cinus communis), and in those of Crotcn Tigtiuni. Ric in o 1© in© (rIs/in-0//le-In or rls'i-nOr'e-In), n. [Lat. ricinus, castor-oil plant, and oleum, oil.j (Chem.) A fatty substance derived from castor-oil, of which it forms the principal element. Rick-cloth (rlk'klSth), n. ,A tarpaulin or tarred canvas cloth used fbr covering ricks to protect them from the rain, etc. Rick ers (rlk'erz), n. pi. The stems or trunks of young trees cut up into lengths for stowing flax, hemp, and the like, or for spars for boat masts and yards, boat-hook staves, etc. Rick et y (rlk'et-i), a. Threatening to fall; ap- proaching ruin ; Bhaky ; as, a rickety building. Rick 1© (rTk'l), ». 1* A heap of stones or of peats, etc. [Scotch.] 2* A little rick; a stook. Ric tus (rlk'tus), n. [Lat., the opened mouth.] 1. (Bot.) The throat, as of a calyx, corolla,etc.;, the opening between the lips of a ringentor per- sonate flower. 2. (Ornith.) The space surrounding the base of the bill; the gape. Rid a bl© (rld'a-bl),* a. 1. Passable on borse- , back, as a river. [Local. Eng.] 2* Capable of being ridden. 'Rode everything ridable.* M. W. Savage. Rid danc© (rld'ans), n.—A good riddance, fortu- nate relief from a person's company; sometimes al- most equivalent to the person or thing that it Is well to be quit of. Rid dllng (rtd'ling), a. Having the form or char- acter of a riddle or puzzle; enigmatical. 4 Riddling triplets of old time.' Tennyson. Ride (rid), v. i.—To ride at anchor (Naut.), to be anchored ; to lie at anchor.—To ride to hounds, to ride close behind the hounds in fox-hunting. [Eng.] He not only went straight as a die, but rode to hounds instead of over them, Laurence. Rid© (rid), v. t. —To ride and tie, an expression used in regard to an expedient adopted by two travelers with a single horse. One of them rides a certain distance and then dismounts, ties the horse, and proceeds on foot, while the other coming up with the horse takes his turn at riding.—To ride down, (a) to overthrow, trample on, or drive over in rid- • ing; hen^e, to treat with extreme roughness or in- solence.! They loye us^ and we ride them down. .Tehnysofh (b) (Naut.) To bend or bear down by main strength and weight; as, to ride down a mil.—T,orride out, to continue afloat during, and withstand-the fu^y of, as a vessel does a gale. I have rode out the etorrcLwh^n the* billows breafc high. v tSoxUhey. —To ride the wild mare, to play atosee-saw. Shak. Rid© (rid), ». A certain district established for excise purposes. Ri dent (ri'dent), a. [Lat. rtden«, 'ppr. of rMeo, to- laugh.] 'Smiling broadly; grinning. kA smilff' so wide dnd steady, so exceedingly rident'indeed as al- most t'o be ridiculous.' Thackeray. Ride-ofti cer (rId"5ffiB-'§r), n. An excise-officer who has to make his rounds on hOrtsetoack ; the of- ficer of a ride. [Ehg.] Rid ©r (rld'er), n. 1. A subsidiary problem in mathematics. 2• A piece of woojl in a gun-earriage upon which the side pieces rest. Ridge (rij), v. i. To rise in ridges. Roughly ridging eastward. Tennyson. Rldg© (rTj), n.—Ridge-piece, Ridge-plate (Arch.), a piecp of timber at the ridge of a roof against which the rafters abut.—Ridge-roof, raised or peaked roof.—Ridge-rope (Naut.), one of tworopea running out, one on each side of the bowsprit, for the men to ly>Id on by ; also a rope running along the bulwarks of a vessel to pupvent persons from falling overboard, to fasten an awning to, and the like. Rid gel " (rTj'el), I [A weakened form for Ridge ling (rij'ling), ) riggel, rigling, Sc. rig- Ian, from rig in- same sense.] An animal of the male kind half castrated. Called also Rigsie and Rig. ' Dryden. Rldg line (rij'ling), w. Same as Ridgel (which see). Ri die u fos i ty (ri-dlk'fl-lOs^i-ti), n. something to raise a laugh ; a joke ; a comicality. ' -\11 your ridiculosities.1 v b Bailey. asure ; oo, topd; oi, oil; ou, pound. the latest editioms of Webster's and Wor*RIDING :Btd Ing (rising), n. and a.—Riding-rhymes, conp- I let rhymes, in opposition io such as are alternate or mixed in any way.—Riding-skirt, a skirt used by a woman when riding.—Riding-whip, a whip used when riding.—Riding interests. (Scots Laiv.) When any of the claimants in an action of multiple-poind- ing, or in a process of rankiDg and sale, have cred- itors, these creditors may be claimed to bo ranked on the fund set aside for their debtor ; and such claims are called riding interests. Rief (rgf), n. [A.. Sax. hreof, scab, scabby, whence, hreofla, a leper; Icel. hrjlifr, scabby, scurvy. J Scurf or scabies; the itch. Used also as an adjec- tive ; scabby. k Rief randies,' that is scurvy beggars. [Scotch.} Burns. Ri em (rSm), e. [D., a thong.] A name in Cape Colony for a stfip of ox-hide deprived of its hair aud rendered pliable, used for making ropes, etc. Rieve (rSV), v. t. Same as Reave% Rl ev er (rev'er), n. Same as Reaver. .Ri fa cl men to (re-fa'che-mCn//tO), n. [It.] A remaking or re-establishment: a term most com- monly applied to the process of recasting literary works so as to adapt them to a changed state of cir- cumstanoes ; an adaptation, as when a work written in one age or country is modified to suit the cir- / cumstances of another. 'Rif lie (rlf'l), n. [G. riffeln, to groove.] \ 1. A small 'vave; a little rapid on a river; a ripple. [U. S.] 2* (Gold-mining.) (a) A kind of sluice or trough in which auriferous dirt is washed. It is made with depressions in the bottom in which the particles of gold settlo during the process of washing. (b) The act or process of separating the particles of gold from iraciirt by washing ifc in a sluice or trough of this kind. Rif He-blocks (rlf'l-bl&ks), n. pli, (Gold-mining.) A series of wooden blocks placed on end in a trough or sluice, with interstices in them for catching the particles of gold. Rif fler (rlf'ler), n. [G, riffel-f cffe.] A kind of file with a somewhat curbed extremity, suitable for working in small depressions. . Ri fle(rl/fl),n..—Rifle-ball, a ball for firing with a rifle. —Rifle-bird (Ornith.), an Australian bird (Ptiloris paradiseus), of the family Upupid£e, with a long curved bill, found only in the very thick bush. It is about the size of a large pigeon, and is splendidly . plumaged.—Rifle-corps, (a) a body of soldiers armed •with rifles. (b) A body of volunteers trained to the .use of the rifle.—Rifle-pit, a pit or short trench in front of an army, fort, etc., generally about 4 feet longfand 3 feet deep, with the earth thrown up in front so as to afford cover to 6kirmi6hefs. Rig (rig), n. [Scotch.] 1. A ridge of land; a strip of land between tyvo furrows. Burns. 2« The back of an animal. 3* A course ; a path or way. Rig (rig), v.^t .'—To rig out a boom (Naut.), to run | out a pole upon the end of a yard or bowsprit to ex- tend the foot of a sail.—To rig in a boom.(Naut.), to draw it in from its situation upon the end of a yard or bowsprit, etc.—To rig the market, to raise or lower prices a* 'ficially in order to one's private advantage; especially (Stock Exchange), to enhance fictitiously the value of the stock or shares in a company. Rig (rig), n. (Stock Exchange.) The .ict of enhanc- ing fictitiously the value of stock; the act of influ- encing the market so as to adapt it to the sale of certain stock. [Colloq.] Ri ges cent (ri-jSs'ent), a. pLat. rigescens, ppr. of riaesco, from rigeo, to be stiff.] Becoming 6tiff, rigid, or unpliant. Rig gin-tree (rlg'in-trS), n. A roof-tree. [Scotch.] Rig gle (rig'l), ». (Zo6l.) A name given to a species of 8and-eel, the Ammodytes lancea, or small-mouth- ed launce. . Hi gilt (rlt), adv.—Right and left, to the right and to the left; in all directionc; as, the enemy were dispersed right and left.—To do one right, formerly, to pledge in a toast. Massinger. 4 Why now you have done me right.' Shak. \Right-a bout (rlfa-bout'), adv. In an opposite direction : used substautively in the phrase to send to the right-about, to pack off; to dismiss; to cause to retreat. Dickens. Right eous (rl'chus, rlt'chus, or rlt'yus), a. The old and more correct spelling of this word Hght- wis. The form now in use comes from the Latin ter- mination osus. Right-hand er (rlfhSiid'er), ». A blow with the right hand. [Pugilistic slang.] Hughes. : Right ward (rlt'werd), adv. To or on the right hand. [R.] Rightward and leftward rose the rocks Southey. Right wis (rlt'wis), a. See Righteous. ,Ri gid u lous (ri-jld'tl-His), a. (Bot.) Somewhat rigid or stiff. iRig or (rlg'or), n.—Rigor mortis, the stiffening of the body caused by the contraction of the muscles Aaf ter death. •Rigs da ler (rigs-da'ler), n. [Dan. —rige, a king- dom, and daler, a dollar.] A coin formerly current in Iienmark, worth 2s. 22fyf. sterling, or about BO ceriflK* It was equal to 96 skillings. vRig ste (rig's!), n. See Ridgei,. iRig-ve da (rlg-vS'da), n. [Skr. rich, praise, and ^yedd% knowledge, from vift, to know, cog. with Lat, " Notation : 8, -3,1, 0, fl, long; 8. 8,1, ft, 11, On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 088 video, to see: Eng. wit.] (Rind. Myth.) The first and principal of the Vedas or sacred hymns of the Hindus. It is probably the oldest literary document extant, being supposed to be upward of 3000 years old. See Veda. Rigwiddie (rig-wld'i), n. [The elements are the same as EDg. ridge and withy, A. Sax. hrycg, the back, withthe, a wit he or withy. J The rope or chain that goes over a horse's back to support the shafts of a vehicle. Burns uses it adjectively in the sense of resembling a rigwiddie; and hence, gaunt; wither- ed ; sapless. [Scotch.] Rim au-da hail (riLn-a'da-hSn")» *»• (ZoOl.) The native name of th^ clouded tiger (Felis or Leopar- dus macrocelis), a kind of leopard, one of the hand- somest of the Felidse. It is found in Siam, Assam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and the Malayan Peninsula. Rim base (rlm'bas), n. (Gun.) (a) A shortcylinder which connects a trunnion with the body of a cannon. (b) The shoulder on the stock of a musket against which the breech of the barrel rests. Rime (rim), n. Rhyme. This is the more correct orthography, but Rhyme is much more commonly used. Rim er (rlm'er),n. A makerofrhymes ; arhymer. Green. Rim-lock (rTm'ISk), n. A lock having an exterior metallic case which projects from the face of the door, differing thus from a mortise-lock. Rim mon (rim'mon), n. A Syrian god, whose seat was Damascus. Milton. Ri mose ly (rl-mCs'li), adv. In arimose manner. Kin (rln), v. i. To run. [Scotch.] Rin a bout (rln'a-bot), n. One who runs about throughout the country ; a vagabond* [Scotch.] Rinderpest (rln'der-pSst), ». [G.rinder, pi..of rind, a horned beast, and pest, a plague.] A most virulent and eminently contagious disease or plague, characterized by eruptive fever or exanthema, af- fecting ruminant animals, especially cattle, though capable of existing in sheep and goats. The disease is indigenous to the western steppes of Russia, and is communicable only by contagion or inoculation. Called also Cat de-plague, Russian, cattle-plague, and Steppe-murrain. Ring (ring),n. 1. A number of persons combined for a selfish purpose, as for controlling political af- fairs, commercial transactions, the stock-market, etc.; a clique. [Cant.] 2* A commercial measure of staves, or wood prepared for casks, and Qontaining four shocks, or 240 piecfes. [Eng.] 3* One of the annual circular layers in timber. 4. (Arch.) The list, cincture, or annulet round h column. 5 • A series of bells hung together so that changes may be rung with them. [Eng.]—The ring, the prize ring, a term given to pugilism or those connected with the practice. Ring (rlnig), n. and a.—Ring-armor, armor formed of ring-mail.—Ring-carrier, a go-between ; one who transacts business between parties. Shak. — Ring- coupling, same as Thimble-Coupling.—Ring-course (Arch.), the out'er course of stone or brick in an arch. —Ring-dog, an iron implement for hauling timber, made by connecting two common dogs by means of a ring through the eyes. When united with cordage they form a sling-dog.—Ring-formed, formed like a ring.—Ring-gauge, a gauge in the form of a ring, used for measuring road-metal; also, a similar in- strument for measuring shot and shell, (b) A coni- cal piece of wood, or tapering metallic slip with a graduated scale, used by jewelers for measuring finger-rings.—Ring-man, one interested in matters connected with the ring; that is, with prize-fight- ing; a sporting or bettiDg man. 4 No ring-men to force the betting.' Lawrence.—Ring-master, one who has control of the performance in a circus ring: hence, colloquially applied to any manager. [U. S.] —Ring-mountains( Astron.),ring-shaped formations seen on the moon's surface; Their outlines are. smaller and more regular than those of the bul- wark-plains, but in other respects they closely re- semble them.—Ring-money, a kind of money con- sisting of rings, in use at an early stage of society, before the invention of coining. It is still in use in Africa, ring-money for traders' being regularly manufactured at Birmingham, England, under the nameof Manilios.—Ring-rope (Naut.), a rope rove through the ring of the anchor to haul the cable through it, in order to bend or make it fast in rough weather.—Ring-saw, a saw with an annular web.—Ring-stopper (Naut.), a long piece of rope secured to an after ring-bolt, and the loop embrac- ing the cable through the next, while others in succession nip the cable home to each ring-bolt in succession. It is a precaution in veering cable in bad weather. — Ring-straked, marked with circular streaks or rings; ring-streaked ; as, ring-straked cattle. Gen. xxx. 39.—Ring-wall (Metal.), the inner lining of a blast-iurnace, composed of fire-bricks. Ring (ring), v. t. To exercise, as a horse, by causing to run rouiid in a ring while being held by a long rein ; to lunge. Miss Edgeworth. 2, To marry by a wedding ring. 'JBom of a true man ancka ringed wife.' Tennyson. 3. To usher, attend on, or celebrate by ringing: often followed by in and out. Ring out the false, ring in the true. Tennyson. •—Ringing the changes, a trick by which, in paying and receiving money, a rascal tries to confuse the EISSOLE person with whom he is dealing by juggling with the coins 60 that he may cheat him.—To ring a quoit, to throw it so as to encircle the pin.—To ring changes upon, (a) to produce alternations or variegated peals from. (6) To use variously or in various senses ; as, to ring changes upon words. Ring (ring), v. i.—Toring down, to conclude; to end at once ; a theatrical phrase, alluding to the custom of ringing a bell to give notice of the fall of the curtain. ' It is time to ring down on these remarks,' Dickens. Ring-dotterel (rlng-dSt'ter-el), n. (Ornith.) Charadrius hiaticula, a species of plover found in Europe, where it frequents the shores of bays or in- lets of the sea and of rivers, feeding on worms, in- sects, small crustacea, etc. It has its name from a white rin^fcround the neck.- Ring er (rlng'er), n. (Racing.) Ahorse fraudulent- ly entered for a race, when not having the right to take part in it. ' Rink (rlngk), ». [A form of rank, formerly renk, renc.] 1 • That portion of a sheet of ice on which the game of curliDg is played in Scotland. 2. A sheet of artificially prepared ice, usually under cover,, for skating on; or a hard.smooth flooring, on which peopl® skate with roller-skates. Rink (rlngk), v. i. To skate on a rink. Rin-there-out (rln'ther-dt), n. A needy house- less vagrant; a vagabond. [Scotch.] Rin-there-out (rln'fher-ot), a. Vagrant: vaga- bond ; wandering without a home. [Scotch.] Ye little rin-there-out de'il that ye are. Sir W. Scott. Ri o lite (rfo-llt), n. [After Del Rio, who analysed it, and Gr. Ai'0o?, a stone.] (Min.) A native selenide of silver, occurring in small lead-gray hexagonal tables at Tasco, in Mexico. Rip (rip), n. An expanse of water rendered rough by the meeting "of opposing currents or tides. Rip ?(rip), n. [A. Sax. ripa.] A handful of corn Ripp J not thrashed. [Scotch.] Burns. Ri pa ri an (rl-pa'ri-an), a.—Riparian nations, nations possessing opposite banks or different parts of banks of the same river. Wharton. Ri poste (re-post'), n. [Fr., from It. riposta.] (Fencing.) The thrust or blow with which one follows up a successful parry; hence, a smart reply or repartee. Rip per (rlp'er), n. A first-class person or thing. [Slang.] Ripping-iron (rlp^ing-fern), \n. An iron Rip ping-chis el (rlp^ing-chlz'l), ) instrument used by shipwrights to rip the sheathing boards and copper from off the bottom of the ships. Ripply (rlp'li), a. Rippling; characterized by ripples; havipg the appearance or sound of ripples. ' A ripply cove.' Keats. ' A ripply cheer.' Lowell. Rise (rls), n. The quick, upward movement of a fish after the bait.—To get or take a rise out of a person, to get a laugh at his expense; to render him ridiculous. [Colloq. Cr slang.] Rish i (rTsh'i), n. [Skr.] (Skr. Myth.) The name given to the seven sages inhabiting the seven stars constituting the constellation of Urs^ Major. The name was given also to the inspired authors of the Vedic hymns, and later to renowned, though not in- spired, poets. Ris ing (rlz'ing), p. a. 1. Increasing in wealth or influence ; advancing in distinction, in one's pro- fession, aud the like ; as, a rising city ; a rising man. fit Proceeding toward maturity; advancing to- ward the adult state; growing; as, the rising gen- eration. 3. Advancing in any sphere of active life; becom- ing noted. ' One of the ablest among the rising the- ologians of Germany.' Hare. 4. Older than ; somewhat exceeding; more than; as, a colt rising two years. [Colloq. U. S.] 5. ( Her.) A term applied to birds when in a posi- tion as if preparing to take a flight.—Rising timbers (Naut.), the hooks placed on the keel of a ship.— Rising line (Naut.), an-incurvated line drawn on the plane of elevations or sheer draughts of a ship, to determine the height of the ends of all the floor- timbers. Ris ing (rTz'ing), n. 1* The act of reviving from the dead ; resurrection. Mark ix. 10. 2. An assembling in opposition to government; insurrection ; sedition or mutjny; as, to call out troops to quell a rising. 3. ( Mining.) A digging upward. Called also Overhand Sloping. Ris ing-hinge (rTz'ing-hlnj), n. A hinge so con- structed as to raise the door to which it is attached as it opens. Ris ings (rlz'ingz), n.pl. (Naut.) The thick planks which go fore and aft, on which the timbers of the deck bear. Risk ful ( rlsk'ful), a. Full of risk or danger; haz- ardous; risky. Ri so ri al (rl-sO'ri-al or rl-zO'ri-al ), a. [From Lat. risus. laughter, from rideo, risum, to laugh.] Relating to laughter; causing laughter; as, the riso- rial muscle, which arises before the parotid gland, and proceeds toward the angle of the mouth. Risotto (ri-zOt'to), n. (Cookery.) An elegant Italian dish, consisting of rice, onions, butter, and brotb, served as a pottage, instead of soup, before dinner. Ris sole (ris-01' or rls'01), n. [Fr.] (Cookery.) Ac entree consisting of meat or fish mixed with bread* short; a, e, 1, o, u,obscure; far, fall, fast, cftre; b$r. mOve, or ; byll, Q, Fr.; &, Fr., tow, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-BISUS crumbs and yolk of eggs, all wrapped in a fine puff- paste, so as to resemble a sausage, and fried. Ri sil» (rl'sus), «. [Lat. a laugh.] Risus sardoni- ousy sardonic laugh, a kind of convulsive grin, ob- served chiefly in cases of tetanus and inflammation of the diaphragm. It is so named because it was said to have been produced by eating of a species of ranunculus (herba sardonica) which grew around ' certain fountains in Sardinia. Hit >(rit), n. [A form of rut.J A slight incision Ritt) made in the ground with a spade, etc. ; a scratch made on a board, etc. ' A ritt with the teeth of a redding-kame.' [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Rit ) (rit), v. t. and i. To make an incision in the Ritt J ground, with a spade or other instrument, as a line of direction for future delving or digging ; to rip ; to scratch; to cut. [Scotch.! RI ten u to ( re/ten-5"tQ ), a. [It.] (Mus.) Re- tained ; a direction to sing or play slower. Rit or nelle (rit'or-nel" or rg'tor-nel")) w. Same as Ritornello. Ri va (rl'va), n. [Icel. ri/a, Eng. rive.] In Orkney and Shetland islands, a rift or cleft. Sir W. Scott. Riv age (rlv'aj), n. A toll anciently paid to the crown on some rivers for the passage of boats or vessels therein. River (rlv'er), n.—River-bed, the bed or bottom of a rjver.—River-crab, a name given to a genus of crabs (Thelphusa), inhabiting freshwater, and hav- ing the carapace quadrilateral and the antennae very short.—River-crafty sm^ll vessels or boats which ply on rivers and do not put to sea.—River-meadow, a meadow on the bank of a river. —River-side, the bank of a river. Goldsmith.—River-tortoise (Z06I.), a name common to the members of a family Trion- ycidse, order Chelonia. The river-tortoises are aquatic in their habits, coming to shore only to de- posit their eggs.—River-wall (Hydraulic Engin.), a wall made to confine a river within definite bounds, either to prevent denudation or erosion of the banks, to prevent overflow of the adjacent land, or to concentrate the force of the stream within a smaller area for the purpose of deepening a naviga- ble channel.—River-water, the water of a river as distinguished from rain-water, spring-water, etc. Riveriiie (rlv'er-In), a. Belonging to a river; situated on a river; riparian; as, a riverine dis- trict. [R.] Riv et (rlv'et), n.—Rivet-boy, the boy who in the op- eration of riveting takes the rivets from the furnace. —Rivet-joint, a joint formed by a rivet or rivets. Riv et er (rlv'et-er), n. One who rivets. Riv et ing (rlv'et-ing), p. a. Clinchiug; fastening firmly.—Riveting machinex a machine for clinching rivets. Riz om (rlz'om), n. (Her.) The grain of oats, agreeing with the ear of other corn. Riz zerd (rlz'erd),a. Half dried and salted; as, rizzered fish. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Road ( rod ), n.—Road-agent, a term applied to a highwayman, who carries on his operations chiefly along the stage routes of the unsettled parts-of the Western States. [Colloq. U. S.]—Road-harrow, a machine for dragging ovsr roads when much out of repair to replace the stones or gravel disturbed by the traffic.—Road-locomotive, a locomotive adapted to run on common roads; a road-steamer.—Road- master, a railroad official having charge of a certain portion of a line or traok ; a track-master.—Road- ■?ollery a heavy cylinder used for compacting the sur- faces of roads.—Road-scraper, a large hoe or ma- chine for scraping or cleaning roads.—Road-steam- er , a locomotive with broad wheels suitable for run- ning on common roads.—Road-sulky, a light two- wheeled conveyance which can accommodate only one person; hence the name. Called also Sulky.— Road-surveyor, a person who supervises roads and sees to their being kept in good order. Road er (rOd'er), n. (Naut.) A roadster. Road man (rOd'man), n. A man who keeps roads in repair. Road-wor thy (rOd^^r'thi), a. fPit for tlieroad; likely to go well; skillfully finished. Carlyle. Roar er (rOr'er), n. A wave ; a billow. Shak. Roar ing (rOr'ing), p. a. 1. Characterized by or making a noise and disturbance; disorderly; riot- ous. k A mad, roaring time, full of extravagance.' ! Burnet. 2. Going briskly •„ highly successful; as, a roar- ing trade. [Colloq.]—The roaring game, curling. [Scotch.] Roast (rOst), a. and n.—Roast-beef plants a name given to the Irisfaetidissima.—Roast-bitter, a pecul- iar bitter principle contained inihe crust of baked bread, similar to that produced by the roasting of different other organic compounds. Roast Izag-jack (r0st'ing-j5k), n. [Prom Jack, a name common to kitchen-boys. J An apparatus for turning the spit on which meat was roasted before an open fire. Robe (rOb), n.—The ro&e, or the long robe, the legal profession; as, gentlemen of the long robe. Henry Brooke. R©be-mak er (r0b"m5k'er), n. A maker of offi- cial robes for clergymen, barristers,'aldermen, etc. Rob inet (rSb'i-net), n, 1. An ancient military machine for throwing darts and stones. \ Admiral Smyth. 2, A name given to some of the cocks of the steam-engine, as the gage, brine, and trial cocks. Knight. 689 Rob ing-room ( rOb'itfg-rflm ), n. A vestiary, where robes of ceremony are put on and off by peers, clergymen, lawyers, etc. Rob in-llood ( rQb'in-h\id), n. [The name of a celebrated English outlaw.] A character in May- day and other games. [Eng.] Ro bi nl a (ro-bFni-a)%n:[In honor of Jean Robin, a French botanist, once herbalist to Henry IV. of France.] (Bot.) A small genus of North American trees, belonging to the papilionaceous division of the nat. order Leguminosje, which bear nodding racemes of white or rose-colored flowers. •' Ro bur Car o li {rO'ber kar'o-11), n. [Lat.] (^4s- tron.) The Royal Oak, a modern southern constel- lation consisting of twelve stars. Roc eel la (rok-sei'la), n. [Altered from the Por- tuguese roccha, a rock, in allusion to Its place of growth.] (Bot.) A genus of lichens, one species of which (R. tinctoria) yields the dye so largely used in dyeing operations under the name of orchal or archil. 111. PI. 16, Fig. 19. Roclie t (rQch), n. [Fr.] A rock. Chaucer. Koclie-moutonnee (rOsh-mO-ton-U), n. [Fr.— roche, a rock, and moutonne, sheep-like, from mou- ton, a sheep.] (Geol.) The name formerly given to the rounded and smooth humps of rock occurring in the beds of ancient glaciers from their fancied resemblance to the backs of. sheep. They have re- ceived their form and smoothness from the action of ice. Rock (rQk), n. 1. (Geol.) There are two grand divisions of rocks into aqueous and igneous, or those formed by the agency of water and those formed by the agency of fire. Aqueous rocks may be group- ed into three classes, in accordance with the mode of their origin, viz. (a) mechanically formed rocks or sedimentary rocks, formed from the detritus or waste of older rocks brought down by rivers and deposited in the bed of the sea or of lakes. Sedi- mentary rocks are stratified. Sandstone is an ex- ample. (b) Organically formed rocks, or rockscon- sisting of accumulations of organic remains. Chalk and many limestones are remains of shells of ani- mals; coal and peat of vegetables, (c) Chemically formed rocks, or rocks formed by chemical agency, as gypsum, rock-salt, and some limestones. Strati- fied rocks, whose structure has become crystalline under the influence of heat and probably of chemi- cal reagents, are called metamorphic rocks. (See Metawtobphic.) Igneous rocks have been divided into two sections, plutonic and volcanic. Plutonic rocks have been consolidated from a melted state underneath the ground under a great pressure. Thef are highly crystallized. Granite is an exam- ple. Volcanic rocks have been projected up from beneath in a molten state. 2* A stone of any size; a pebble. [Colloq. U. S.] Heaving rocks at him. Bret Harte. 3* A name for a kind of solid sweetmeat. Rock(rOk), n. and a.—Rock-basin (Phys. Geog.), a basin or hollow of considerable size, scooped out by glacial or other action, entirely surrounded by rocky walls, and often containing a lake. A. C. Ramsay.—Rock-bound, hemmed in by rocks. The breaking waves dashed high On a stern and rock-bound coast. Mrs. Hemans. —Rock-candy, a kind of candy formed of very hard crystals of pure sugar, whence the name. -Rock- crowned, crowned or surmounted with rocks; as, a rock-crowned height.—Rock-dove, same as Rock-pig- eon.—Rock-drill, a tool for drilling or boring rock by a chisel or rotatory motion. One of the many forms of this instrument is described under Dia- mond-bobek.—Rock-leather, same as Rock-cork.— Rock-fish (Ichth.), a name occasionally given to some of the wrasse genus, family Labridse.—Rock-kanga- roo (Zo6l.), a marsupial of the genus Petrogale.— Rock-maple (£o<.), the sugar maple ( Acer sacchar- inum). — Rock-pigeon, according to Darwin, the original form of all the varieties of pigeons.— Rock' ribbed, having ribs of rock. The hills Rock-ribbed^ and ancient as the sun. Bryant. —Rock-samphire, a plant, Crithmum maritimum.— Rock-serpents see Bungakus, and Rock-snake, infra. —Rock-slater (Zo6l.), a crustacean of the genus Lig- ia, belonging to the cursorial section of the order Isopoda, and found on almost all coasts.—Rock- snake (Zodl.), a large snake of the genus Python (P. molurus), one of the Old World representatives of the New World boa constrictor* It is a native of Hindustan, Java, and other parts of Asia. — Rock- staff, the lever of a forge bellows or other vibrating bar in a machine.—Rock-temple, a temple cut out of the solid rock, as at Ellora and other places in Hin- dustan.—Rock-weed., sea-weed that collects on a rock washed by the waves of the sea. Hawthorne.—Rock- work, a natural wall or mass of rock.—On the rocks. quite out of funds; in great want of money. [Slang. J Rock (r5k), v. t. To throw stones at; to stone. [Southern and Western United States.] Rock e lay (rOk'e-15),) n. A roquelaure. Written Rock lay (rftk'ia), j ,also Rokelay. [Scotch.] Rock er (r&k'er), ». 1. A rocking horse. The thorough-bred rocker on his highest mettle. Dickens. 2* A rock-shaft. „ 3. A cradle or trough for watfbing ore by agita- tion. EOLLEK 4. A skate with a curved edge, the shape of whiokr, .somewhat resembles that of the rocker of a cradle. Rock et (rQk'et), n. The lever by which a forge bellows is inflated. Rock et-case (rOk'et-kStO, n. A stout case made of cardboard or cartridge-paper for holding the ma- terials of a rocket. Rock ing-tree (rQk'ing-trS), n. The axle from which the lathe in a loom is suspended-. Ro co co (ro-kO'Ko), n. [Fr., according to Littrg from rocaille, rock-work, from rock-work being a character of the style.] A debased variety of the Louis-Quatorze style of ornament, proceeding from it through the degeneracy of the Louis-Quinze. It is generally a meaningless assemblage of scrolls and crimped conventional shell-work, wrought into all sorts of irregular and indescribable forms, with- out individuality and without expression. 111. PL 16, Fig. 20- Ro co co (ro-kO'ko), a. A term sometimes applied in contempt to anything bad or tasteless in decora- tive art, literature, or costume ^ fantastical; gro- tesque. Ro cou (rO'kB), n. Same as Roucou. Roc ta (rOk'ta), n. (Mus.) A medieval musical in- strument much used by the minstrels aDd trouba- dours of the thirteenth century. It was somewhat, like the modern violin. Rev. Orby Shiplty. Rod (r5d), n.—To kiss the rod% to show suhmissiion- after punishment. Rod-coup ling (rQd"kup/lTng), n. A coupling, clasp, or other device for uniting the rods which carry the tools used in boring artesian or oil wells, etc. Rode f (rOd), n. Redness; ruddiness; complexion. Chaucer. Ro de o (ro-da'o), n. [Sp., a going round.] A gathering together of all the cattle belonging to a . stock-ranch, for the purpose of numbering, brand- ing, or separating them. [Western U. S.] Rod-Iron (rCd'Tern), n. Rolled round iron for nails, fences, etc. Rod i ya (r&d'i-ya), n. One of a degraded race in Ceylon, living in a more abjecit state than the Pari- ahs of India, being considered disqualified even for labor. Under the British rule their condition has been improved. i Ro dy f (rO'di), a. Red ; ruddy. Chaucer Rofla )(r6f'i-a), n. The commercial name for Rof ft a ) ' the leaves and fibers of palms of the ge-' nus Raphia, importe4 from Madagascar. They are used for hats, mats, ropep, etc. \ Ro ga tion-flow er (ro-g^'shun-flou'er), n. A British plant, Polygala t xilgaris, bo called from its flowering in rogation week. Called also Milkwort, from its supposed efficacy in producing milk in the breasts of nurses. Rog a to ry (r5g;a-to-ri or rO'ga-to-ri), a. Seeking information; engaged ,n collecting information; having authority to examine witnesses for the pur- pose of obtaining the facts in any case. Rogue (rOg), n. 1. A vagrant; particularly a wild elephant living a solitary life and remarkable for its vicious temper. Sir J. E. Tennent. 2* A plant that-falls short of a standard required by nurserymen, gardeners, etc. Darwin.—Rogue's march, a tune played when a bad character is dis- charged with disgrace from a regiment or from a ship of war.—Rogue money, in Scotland, an assess- ment laid on each county for defraying the ex- pense of apprehending offenders, maintaining them in jail, and prosecuting them. Rogue (rOg), v. t. To uproot or destroy, as plants which do not come up to a desired standard. < The rogicing of plants by nursery-men. Darwin.] Ro hu na (ro-hQ-'na), n. (Bot.) In the East In-j dies, the name given to the Soymida febrifugal called on the Coromandel coast the red-wood tree.' The bark of this tree is a useful tonic in India in intermittent fever. I Roiled (roild),a. Perplexed; troubled; annoyed; confused. Rok e lay (rSk'e-lS)^ n. See Rockelat. , Role (rOl), n.—Title role, the part or cast in a play which gives its name to the play, as Hamlet in the play of 4Hamlet,' Macbeth, in thajt of 'Macbeth,* Roll (rOl), n.—Roll molding (Archa round mold- ing divided longitudinally along the middle, the up- per half projecting over the lower. It occurs often in the early Gothic Decorated style, where it is pro- fusely used for drip-stones, string-courses, abacus- es, etc. III. PI. 17, Fig. 1.—Roll-and-flllet molding, a round molding with a square fillet on the face of it. It is most usual in the Early Decorated style, and appears to have passed by various gradations into the ogee. 111. PI. 17, Fig. 2. Roll-a bout (rOFa-bout'), a. Thick or pudgy, so as lio roll wh«n walking. 'A fat roll^about girl ot 6ix.' [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott. Roll-call (rOl'kal), n. The act of calling over a list of names, as of men who compose a military body ; also the time for calling the roll. i Roll er (rOl'er), n. 1. That upon which something may be rolled up; as, the rollers of window-blinds* maps,-etc. .. . 1 2* That upon which ft body can be rolled or- moved along, used to lessen friction; such as, (a) a round piece of wood put under a heavy stone. (b) A wheel in a roller-skate, (c) The wheel or castorr of a sofa, table, or the like. ch, cfcain; g, go; j, job ; ng, sing; th, then; th, thin: w, toig; wh, whig: zh, azure; oo, food; oi, oil; on, pound. [fflGF* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ROLLER-BOLT Boll er-bolt (rOl' 6r - bolt), n. The whiffie-tree. [Eng.] The whip kept his loot unconscionably long on the roller-bolt. Dickens. Boll er-skpte (r01'6r-skat), n. A skat© mounted on small wheels or rollers, instead of the usual iron or keel, and used for skating upon asphalt or other smooth flooring. Boll ey (rOl'i), n. A truck or wagon used in mines; especially, a large truck in a coal-mine holding two corves as they arrive on the trams from the work- ings. Knight. Boll ey-way (rOl'i-wS), n. A tramway for rolleys in a mine. Boll ing-cliock (rOl'iug-chttk), > n. (ATauf.) A Ktoll Ing-cleat (rOl'ing-kiet), *) piece of wood fastened to the middle of an upper yard, with a piece cut out of its center eo that it may half en- circle the mast, to which it is secured by an iron parrel inclosing the other half of the mast. Its purpose is to steady the yard. Boll Ock ( rOI'ok), ». [For row-loch.] Same as Row-lock. Bolls (rOlz), n, A precinct situated between the cities of London and Westminster, enjoying certain exemptions, and hence called the liberty of the rolls; which name is derived from the court rolls, or law records, being reposited in its chapel. [Eng.] Bom (rOm), ». [Perhaps a contraction of Rouman- ia which is the chief center of the gypsy tribes.] The name assumed by the gypsies. Bo mail (rO'man), a.—Ro*nan law, the civil law; the system of jurisprudence finally elaborated in the ancient Roman empire.—Roman school (Art), the style which was formed or prevailed at Borne in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and which was remarkable for its solid and legitimate effects. —Roman-type (Print.), the common printing type. —Roman vitriol, sulphate of copper or blue vitriol. —.Roman-white, a very pure white pigment. Bo raance (ro-mflns'), a. Pertaining to or appel- lative of the languages which arose in the south and west of Europe, based on the Latin as spoken in the provinces at one time subject to Rome. Galled also Romania. The Romance languages include the Ital- ian, Frenoh, Provencal, Spanish, Portuguese, and Wallachian, to which may be added the Romansoh, spoken in the Grisons in Switzerland. Ro mance (ro-mflns'), v. i. To be romantic; to behave romantically or fancifully; to build castles in the air. That I am a romancing chit of a girl is a mere con- jecture on your part: I never romanced to yon. C. Bronte Bo man cer (ro-mSn'ser), n. A writer of ro- mance. ' Great historian and romancer.' Aubrey. Bo man ce ro (r0/man-s6//ro), n. In Spanish, the general name for a collection of the national ballads or romances. Bo man clc al (ro-m&ns' ik-al), a. Having the character of the romances of chivalry. ' All Spain overflowed with romancical books.* C. Lamb. Bo man ese (rO'man-ez"), n. The language of the Wallachians, spoken in Wallachia, Moldavia, and in parts of Hungary. Bo man esk (rtVman-Ssk"), n. and a. Same aa Romanesque. Bo man 1c (ro-mSn'ik), a. See Romance, a. Bo mansch fro-m&nsh'),) n. [Lit. Romanish, Bon mansch (rO-mSnshO, J or derived from Rome.] A corruption of, or dialect based on, the Latin, spoken in the Grisons of Switzerland. Writ- ten alao Romansh, Rumonsch. Bo man tic (ro-mftn'tik), a.—Romantio school, a name assumed about the beginning of the nine- teenth century by a number of young poets and critics in Germany, the Schlegels, Novalis, Tieck, etc., whose efforts were directed to the overthrow of the artificial rhetoric,and unimaginative pedant- ry of the French school of poetry. The name is also given to a similar school which arose in France between twenty and thirty years later, and which had a long struggle for supremacy with the older classio school; Victor Hugo, Lamartinev etc., were the leaders. Bo man tl clsm (ro-mSn'ti-alzm), n. Thgt which is romantio; romantio feeling, expression, action, or conduct. That piece of romanticism that has got into your head.. W. Black. Bo man ti cist (ro-riSn'ti-sist), ». One imbued with romanticism ; one who writes or favors roman- tic literature; opposed to classicist. Quart. Rev.; Nineteenth Century. Bo man tic ly (ro-m&n'tik-li), adv. Romantical- ly. [R.] Strype. S2S many 1 n. 1. A gypsy. 2, The language spoken by the gypsies. Tt is a dialect brought from Hindustan and allied to the Hindustani; thus, Romany bauro, great; kaulo, black; moolo, dead; nongo> naked; pooro, old; shooko, dry=Hind. tmra, kala, mooa, nunga, boor- ha, sookha, all in the some sense as their gypsy rela- Roma ny ) (r8m'an-i), o. Relating to the gyp- Bom ma ny } sies or their language. Bo man zl e rl (ro-m&n'tsS-a-rej, n. pi. [It., ro- mancists.] A school of Italian posts who took for their subjects the romances of France and Spain, especially those relating to Charlemagne and bis 690 paladins. Ariosto carried this school of poetry to its highest perfection. Bom bel f (rOm'bel), ». A rumbling noise; & rtt- mor. # Chaucer. Bonde (rtihd), ». [Fr.] (Typog.) A kind of round cureive character in imitation of Frenoh writing, similar to the ofti chancery engrossing character; round script type. Bon del (rSn'del), n. [Fr.] A kind of ancient poem; a roundelay. Bon de le tl a (r6n'de-16//shi-a), n. [After W. Rondelet, a naturalist of Montpellier.l (Bot.) A genus of shrubs, nat. ordst Rubiace®, characterized by having a calyx with a subglobular tube. It oc- curs chiefly ia tropical America and the West In- dies. Bon die (rBn'dl), «. [0. Fr. rondel, from rond, round.] 1. Something round ; a round diso or mass; spe- cifically {Metal-working), a term applied to the crust or scale which forms upon the surface of mol- ten metal in cooling. Written also Roundel. ' 2* The step of a ladder; a round. [Eng.] Bone (rOn), n. [From stem of run; comp. runnel, Prov. Eng. rune, and Prov. G. ronne, a channel.] A epout or pipe for conveying rain-water from roofs. [Scotch. J Bong (rflng), ». The round or step of a ladder. [Prov. Eng.] Bp. Andrews. Bood-arcli (rOd'firch), n. The arch in a church between the nave and chancel, 60 called from the rood being placed here. Boo de-bok (rO'de-bflk), n. [D. rood, red, and bo^L, a buck.] (ZoOl.) The Natal bush-buck (Cephalo- pus Natalensis). Boof»tree (rOf'trB), n.—To your roof-tree, in Scot- land, a toast expressive of a wish for prosperity to one's family, beoause the roof-tree covers the house and all in it. Book (r\jkl, v. t. To castle at chess. Book (ryi),». [Fr. roc, It. rocco, Sp. rogue, from Per. and Ar. rokh, the rook or castle at chess.] (Chess.) One of the four pieces placed on the cor- ner squares of the board: also called a Castle. Book le (rO'kl), v. i. To rout or rummage about; to poke about with the nose like a pig. [Prov. Eng.] Kingsley. Book ler (rCk'ler), n. One who goes rookling about { a pig. ' Game-flavored little rooklers.' [Prov. Eng.] Kingsley. Book er y (ryk'er-i), «. The rooks belonging to a rookery. * The many-winter'd crow that leads the clanging rookery home.1 Tennyson. Book-pie (ryk'pi), n. A pie made of rooks. Dickens. RO<^?' |(r6'mal), n. [Hind.] Bu l 1 • A handkerchief; a napkin; a towel. 2m The slip-knot handkerchief employed by the Thugs or hereditary stranglers of India in their murderous operations. Boo man (r^man), n. An East Indian name ftqr the ppmegranate. Boom-rid den (rOm^rTd^), a. [On type of bed- ridden.] Confined to one's room, as by sickness. 4 The room-ridden invalid.' [R.] Dickens. Boop It (rOp'it), a. Hoarse. [Scotch.] Boor bach ) (rflr'bak), ». [A word which origi- Boor back ) nated in the United States ifi 1844 from a fictitious story of some notoriety having been published purporting to be hrbsa, Dan. rose, Sw. rosa, to praise.] To extol; to commend highly. 4To roose you up and ca'youguid.1 [Scotch.] Bums. Boot (rt)t), a. and n.—Root-bound, fixed totheearth. by -roots; firmly fixed, as if by the root; immova- ble. * Daphne was root-bound.* Milton.—Root-break- er-, Root-bruiser, a machine for breaking or bruis- ing potatoes, turnips, carrots, and the like.—Root- built, built of roots. *The root-built cell.' Shen- stone.—Root-crop, a crop of plants with esculent roots, especially of plants having Bingle roots, as turnips, beets, etc.—Root-hair (Bot.), a slender hair-like fiber growing on roots, being a production of the epidermis of the root, and forming minute tubes that take up moisture from the soil.—Root- leaf (Bot.), a leaf which grows directly from the rootRoot-mildew, the name given to certain my- celia wh^ch infest the roots of peaches, apples, cur- rants, roses, etc., causing their death.—Root-para- site (Bot.), a plant which grows upon the root of another plant, as plants of the nat. order Oroban- chacere, or broom-rapes. Boot er y (rOt'er-i), n. A mound or pile formed with the roots of trees, in which plants are set as in a rockery, used as an ornamental object in garden- ing. Boo ye-bok (rO'ye-bBk), n. [D. rootjen, to regu- late, to order, and bok, buck—from their habit of walking straight forward in single file.] (ZoOl.) A handsome antelope of South Africa. Called also Pallah. Bo pal ic (ro-pSl'ik), a. Applied to poetical verses in which each succeeding word contains a syllable more than that preceding it. ROSE-ACACIA Bope (r5p), n. An English measure of LengtLji^juaJ in six and two-thirds yards. Bope (rOp), n. and a.—Rope-bark (Bot.), a ehrub (Dircapalustris) growing to low wet places, as bog- gy woods, ih the United States. Called otherwise Swamp-wood, Leather-wood, Moose-wood. — Rope- shaped, a term applied to roots, as those of certain of the screw-pines, which are formed of coarse fiber resembling cords. —Rope-spinner, one that spins or makes ropes.—Rope-walker, a rope-dancer.-rRope's end, the end of a rope ; a short piece of rope, often used as an instrument of punishment.—Upon the high ropes, (a) elated; in high spirits, (b) Haughty; arrogant. Swift.—To give a person rope, to let him go on without check. Bope (rOp), v. t. 1. To pull or curb in; to> re- strain, as a horse by its rider to prevent it winning a race: a not uncommon trick on the turf. Lawrence. 2• To catch, as a wild horde, buffalo, and the like, by means of a lariat or lasso thrown over its head. Bope's-endCrOps'Snd), v. t. To punish by thrash- ing with a rope's end; as, to rope's-end a juvenile trespasser on board a vessel. Bo quet (rO'ka), v. t. aud i. In the game of cro- quet, for the player to cause his own bail to strike another ball. Bo ric (rO'rik), a. [Lat. ros, roris, dew.] Relating to or resembling dew; dewy : specifically applied to certain curious figures or appearances seen on pol- ished solid surfaces after breathing on them; also, to a class of related phenomena produced under very various conditions, but agreeing in being con- sidered as the effect of either light, heat, or eleo- tricity. Bo xu lent f (rO'rfl-lent or rBr'tl-lent), o. [Lat. ro- rulentus, from ros, roris, dew.] Covered with or full of dew; dewy. Bo sa (rG'za), n. (Bot.) The name of the mosl universally admired and cultivated genus of plants, forming the type of the nat. order Rosace®. Bos ace (r0z-fls'),n. [Fr.] An ornamental piece of plaster-work in the center of a ceiling, in which a luster or chandelier is placed. Bo sac 1c (ro-z&s'ik), a. (Chem.) Noting an acid of a brick-like, rose, or red color, deposited by the urine in gout and inflammatory fevers. Stormonth. Bo sa 11 a (ro-z&'li-a), n. [It.] (Mus.) A species of imitation, consisting of the repetition of a phrase or passage, thef pitch of which is raised a tone or semi- tone at each repetition. Bo sa II na (rO'za-ir'na), n. [From Lat. rosa, a rose.] (Paleon.) The name given to a fossil genus of many-chambered Foraminifera, from the cells being disposed in a circular or rose-like form. Bos an i line ) (rOz-jhrll-In), n. (Chem.) (C^ Bose-an i line J H1gN3.) An organic base, a de- rivative of aniline, crystallizing in white needles, capable of uniting with acids to form salts, which salts form the well-known rosaniline coloring mat- ter of commerce. Called also Aniline Red, Roseine, Magenta, etc. Bo sa rl an (ro-zS'ri-an), n. A cultivator of roses; a rose-grower; a rose-fancier. S. R. Hole. Bo sa ry (rO'za-ri), n. A counterfeit coin of the reign of Edward I. worth about a halfpenny, coined abroad and brought surreptitiously into England. It was so called because bearing the figure of arose. Bose (rOz), v. t. To perfume, r»s with roses. To rose and lavender my hor9inesB. Tennyson. Bose (r0z),n. and a.—Rose-burner, see Burneb.— Rose-camphor, one of the two volatile oils compos- ing attar of roses. It is a stearoptene, and is solid. —Rose-cold, Rose-fever, see Hay-fever, under Hay.— Rose-cut, a term applied to a gem the back of which is left flat, and the face cut into a series of Inclined triangular facets arranged around a central hexa- gon.—Rose-faced, having a rosy or red face.—Iiose- festival, a festival celebrated on June 8th, which had its origin in Salency in France. A girl is selected from three 1 st distinguished for female virtues, her name betog announced from the pulpit to give an opportunity for objections. 8he is then conduct- ed to church, where she hears service in a place of honor, after which she formerly used to open a ball with the seigneur. She is called l\a Rositre, because she is adorned with roses field together by a silver clasp presented by Louis XIII. The festival hag been imitated at other places.—Rose-hued, of the hue or color of the rose; rose-colored. * Flowing beneath her rose-hued, zone.' Tennyson.—Rose- lathe, a lathe fitted with a rose-engine.—Rose-lip, a lip of a rosy or red ripe color. VThy rose-lips and full blue eyes.' Tennyson.—Rose-madder, same as Rose-lake.—Rose-molding (Arch.), a kind of Norman molding ornamented with roses or rosettes.—Rose- nail, a nail with a conical head which is hammered into triangular facets.—Rose-pink, (a) of a rosy-pink color or hue; roseate; having a delicate bloom, (b) Very delicate; affectedly fine ; sentimental; flow- ing. kRose-pink piety.' Kingsley.—Rose-rash, same as Roseola.—Rose-red, red as a rose. 4 Thy rose-red lips.' Tennyson.—Rose-rial, a name for British gold coins of various reigns and various valuep.—Rose- water, relating to or having the odor or character of rose-water: hence, affectedly delicate, fine, or sentimental; fair-weather; flourishing only under favorable circumstances. 4 Rose-water philanthro- py.' Carlyle. Bose-a ca cl a (rOz^kS'^hi-a), n. (Bot.) A high- ly ornamental flowering shrub of the genus Robin- Notation : ft, 6,1, 0, tl, long; &, I, 5, fi, short; a, e, 1, o, u, obscure; far, f&U, tyst, cftre; h6r, mOve, or; byll, Q, Fr. * fi, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.BOSE-APPLE la (£. hispida), inhabiting the southern Alleghany Mountains, and now frequently seen in gardens. Aose-ap pi© (rOz' ap'l), ». (Bot.) A tree of the genus Eugenia, the E. Jambos, belonging to the nat. order Myrtace®. It is a branching tree, a native of the East Indies. Called also Malabar Plum. Rose-car na tion (rOzAkar-na//phun), n. {Bot.) A carnation the ground color of whose petals is striped with a rose color. And many a rose-carnation feed With summer spice the humming air. Tennyson. Bose-el der (rOz' el der), q,. {Bot.) The gelder- rose (Viburnum opulus). Bos e ine (rOz'e-in), n. Same as Rose-aniline. Bo sel late (ro-zgl'at), n. [From Lat. rosa, arose.] (Bot.) A term applied to leaves when they are dis- posed like the petals of a rose. Bo selle (ro-zel'), n. {Bot.) A species of Hibiscus (H. Sabdariffa), the pleasantly acidulous calyces of which are used in the East and W est Indies for larts, jellies, etc., and for making a cool refreshing drink. Kos et (rOz'et). n. Rosin. [Scotch.] Ho set ta Stone (ro-zet'a stOn), n. The name given to a stone in the British museum, originally found by the French near the Rosetta mouth of the Nile. It is a piece of black basalt, and contains part of three distinct inscriptions, the first or highest in hieroglyphics, the second in enchorial characters, and the third in Greek. By means of these inscrip- tions, a key was obtained to the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. Boh'se turn (ro-z5'tum), n. [Lat., from rosa, & rose.} A garden or parterre devoted to the cultiva- tion of roses. Bos Ill-plant (r5z'in-pl2nt), ? ». (Bot.") A popu- Bos in-weed (r5z in-wed), J lar name for the species of a genus {Silphium) of tall, perennial herbs, with yellow-flowered heads, and yielding a resinous juice. S. laciniatum (or lanceatum) is the rosin-weed growing on the prairies of Wisconsin and Michigan, and other parts of the United States. Its lowor leaves are vertical, with their edges pre- senting north and south, on accoplnt of which pecul- iarity it is called the compass-plant. Bos in-tin (r5z'in-tln), n. (Min.) A miner's name for a pale-colored native oxide of tin with a resin- ous luster. Bo sogl io ) (ro-sO'lyO or ro-zOl'i-0), n. [It. roso- Bo sol io > lio.] 1 • A red wine of Malta. 2. A epecies of the finest liqueurs or creams. Written also Rosoli, Rossoli. Bos oo-an ti co (r6s/o-an-t6"ko), «. [It. rosso, red, and antico, ancient.] A technical name for the red porphyry of Egypt, used by the ancients for statuary purposes. Bost (rfist or rdst), n. Same as Ro'ast. Bos tel la ri a (r^s'tel-Wri-a), n. {Conch.) A ge- nus of marine univalves belonging to the family 8trombidfle. It is found both recent and fossil. 111. PI. 17, Fig. 3. Bos tral (rfls'tral), a.—Rostral column, a column dedicated to naval triumphs; it was ornamented with the rostra or prows of ships, whence the name. —Rostral crown. Same as Naval crown. Commerce wore a rostral crown upon her head. Tatler. Bos tru lum (rQs'tru-lum), n. [Dim. of rostrum.J ' (Entom.) The oral instrument of the flea and other aphanipterans. Bos trum (rSs'trum), n. (Entom.) The beak or suctorial organ formed by the appendages of the mouth in certain insects. H. A. Nicholson. Bo sd la (rO'zu-la or r5z'u-la), n. [Dim. of Lat. rosa, a rose. J A small rose ; a rosette. Bos y-cross (r0z'i-kr6s), n. The red cross of the Rosicrucians.—Knights of the rosy-cross, Rosicru- ciins. Bos y-crowned ( rOz' 1-kround), a. Crowned wiihro^fts. Gray. Bos y-drop (rOz'i-drBp), n. Carbuncled face, an eruption of small suppurating tubercles, with shin- ing redness and an irregular granular appearance of the skin of the part of the face which is affected, often produced by hard drinking; grog-blossoms; brandy-face. Bot (r6t), ». Nonsense; trash; bosh. [Slang.J Stuart Qlennle.— White rot {Bot.), b.vdrocotyle, a ; small herb belonging to the nat. order Umbellifer» ; « ' pennywort; sheep-rot. Bo ta (rO ta), »v 1. A school-room. * The senior fag who kept the rota.' T. Hughes. 2. A roll or list showing the order in which indi- ' viduals are to be taken in turn; as, the regiment first on the rota for foreign service. Bo t reform (rO'te-form). a. [Lat. rota, awheel, and forma, shape.] {Bot.) Same as Rotate. Bo tal (rental), a. Rotary; pertaining to circular or rotatory motion. [R.] Bo ta scope (rO'ta-skOp), n. A modification of the gyroscope, invented by Prof. Johnson of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania. Bo ta tion (ro-ta'shun), n.—Axis of rotation, the axis or line about which a rotating body turns.— Principal axes of rotation. It a point, which is not the center of gravity, be taken in a solid body, all the axes which pass through that point (and they may be infinite in number) will have different mo- ments of inertia. Those axes in respect of which the moment of inertia is a maximum or minimum 691 It h the same as the center of motion.—Center of spontaneous rotation,the point about which a body, all whose parts are at liberty to move, and which has been struck in a direction not passing through its {enter of gravity, begins to turn.—Angular ve- locity of rotation. When a solid body revolves about an axis its different particles move with a ve- locity proportional ho their respective distances from the axis, and the velocity of the particle whose distance from the axis is unity is the angular veloc- ity of rotation. Bo ta tion al (ro-t3"sbun-Bl), a. Relating to, or characterized by, rotation ; rotary. ' Rotational ve- locity.' i Prof. Everett. Bo ta to ry (r5'ta-to-ri), a.—Rotatory muscle, a ro- tator.— Rotatory polarization (Optics), the change of plaue to the right or to the left which a ray of plane polarized light undergoes when passed through Iceland-spar, sugar, etc. Botclie (rfich), n. [D. rotje. a petrel; comp. Prov. G. ratsche, a duck.] (Ornith.) The popular name of a genus of natatorial birds (Mergulus or Cephus) of the auk family (Alcidae). Called also Little Auk, Sea Dove, and Greenland Dove. Botch et (rftch'et), n. The old name of a kind of fi^h. [Eng.] Bote (rOt), n. The sound produced by the surf be- fore a storm. [U. S.] Both walsch. (rOt'wSlsh), n. [Prov. G. roter, a vagabond, and walsch, foreign.] The el&ng lan- guage or cant used by thieves in Germany. Bo ti form (rO'ti-form), a. [Lat. rota, a wheel, and forma, shape.] 1. Shaped like a wheel. 2. (Bot.) Same as Rotate. Bo ton do (ro-t5n'do),a. [It.] (.Wits.) Round; full. Rot ta (rSt'ta), n. An old musical instrument; a rote. Rott bo el li a (rOt'bo-el'li-a), n. (Bot.) A ge- nus of grasses, named from RottbOll, a professor in Copenhagen. Bot ten (r5t'n), a.—Rotten borough, a name given, previous to the passing of the Reform Bill of 1832, to certain boroughs in England which had fallen into decay and bad a mere handful of voters, but which still retained the privilege of sending mem- bers to Parliament. Rot ten (r5t'n), n. [Fr. raton.] A rat. [Scotch.] Rott le ra (rot-16'ra J, n. f In honor of Dr. Rottler, a Danish missionary.] (Bof.) A genus of hand- some bushes or moderately sized trees, found in the varmer parts of Australia, the tropical parts of Asia, and throughout India; nat. order Euphorbiace®. Bot to lo (rOt'o-15), n. A weight used in parts of the Mediterranean. In Aleppo the ordinary rottolo is nearly 5 lbs., that for weighing silk, however, va- ries from If lb. to 1$ lb. In Malta it equals 1 lb. 12 oz. avoirdupois. Bot u la (rOt'Q-la), n. [Lat., dim. of rota, a wheel. J (Anat.) The knee-pan ; the patella. Bo tund (ro-tund' or rO'tund), n. A rotunda. * The cause why a rotund has such a noble effect.' [R*J Burke. Bo tnn date (ro-tun'dnt), a. Rounded off ; spe- cifically (Bot.) applied to bodies which are round- ed off at their endA. Bo tun do-o vate (ro-tun'do-0//vat), a. (Bof.) Roundly egg-shaped. Boturier (rc-ti^ri-a), n. [Fr., from roture, a piece otf ground broken up, from Lat. ruptura, a breaking, rumpo, ruptum, to break.] A plebeian or commoner, as distinguished from a person of good birth ; an ignoble person, as contrasted with a no- ble ; a man of mean extraction; a peasant. Bou cou (r5'kfl), n. [Originally written urucu.ihe native Brazilian name.] A coloring matter obtained from seeds of Bixa Orellana; amotto. Bouge-croix (rfizh'krwa), ». [Fr., red-cross.] One of the pursuivants of the English heraldic es- tablishment, so called from the red cross of St. George, the patron saint of England. Bough (ruf), n. 1. Coarse; stale; stinking; as, rough bread; rough fish. [Slang. Eng.] Mayhew, 2. Vague; crude; not well digested. 'At a rough guess.' London Times.—Rough arches (Arch.), arch- es formed of bricks or 6tonea roughly dressed to the wedge form.—Rough diamond, a diamond un- cut ; hence, a person of genuine worth but rude and unpolished manners.—Rough-setter, a mason who builds rough walling, as distinguished from one who hews also.—Rough'tiee (Naut.), (a) a rough unfinished mast or spar. (6) The portion of a mast above the deck.—Rough-tree rails, a timber forming the top of the bulwark.— Rough and ready, (a) un- polished, rude, brusque, or unceremonious in man- rfer, but reliable and prepared for all emergencies. He had always been rough and ready when wanted. Trollope. (6) Fitting or training in a rude way. Rough-and- ready education.' W. Black.—Rough-and-tumble, applied to a fight in which all rule is discarded, and kicking, biting, etc., are perfectly admissible. [U. 8.] Bartlett. Bough (rfif), v. t. To execute or shape out rough- ly ; to hew, as a stone, in a rough manner ; to rough- hew. 4 The form of a stone is roughed out [by the sculptor].' Macmillan^s Mag. Bough-clad (rftf'klSd), o. Having rough or coarse apparel. ' Thomson. Bougli-oraft > (rfif'draft), v. t. To draft or are ^11^ the^i^i^i a«eso/r^a^on.-^m^ o/ Bough-draught J draw roughly; to make a rotation, the point about which a body revolves. I rough sketch of. ROUST Rough-dry (rfifdi?), v. t. To dry hastily,-ss clothes after washing th(»n, without smoothing or ironing. IHckens. Bough-grained (ruf'grSnd), a. Bough in the grain, as wood or stone; figuratively app^ISd to a .person of somewhat coarse or unfinished manners, or of not very delicate feelings. She became quite a favorite with her rough-grained hostess. Comhill Mag. Bough ij? fruf'i),*!. [Scotch.] 1 • A torch used in fishing by night. 2* Brushwood ; dried heath. Sir W. Scott. Bough ing-holy vruf'iog-h01), w. (Metal.) A hole into which iron from the blast-furnace is some- times allowed to run. Bou leaux (r5-l0zO, n. pi. [Fr.] (Mil.) Round bundles of fascines, which are tied together, and serve to cover men when the works are pushed close to a besieged town, or to mask the head of a work. Bou lette (rO-lSt'), n. (Geom.) The curve de- scribed by any point in the plane of a given curve which revolves witbout sliding upon the convex part of another fixed curve. Bound (round), a.—Round-all, an acrobatic feet. * Doing----round-allsMayhew. — Round-dance, a dance, as a polka, waltz, and the like, in which the couples wheel around the room.—Round-shoty a spherical solid shot of cast-iron or steel. Bound (round), n. 1* The term applied to the walk or beat of a person who habitually goes over the same ground, as of a policeman, postman, milk- man, and the like. 2, (Mil.) Ammunition for firing once ; as, to supply a company with a single round or with forty rounds of cartridges. 3* A volt or circular tread, as of a horse. 4. That part of a pugilistic encounter extending from the commencement till a halt is called by rea- son of one of the combatants being thrown or knocked down, or falling, or between one halt and another ; the time during which the combatants keep pounding each other in one bout. Bound (round), adv. 1. In circumference ; as, a tree or cylinder 40 inches round. 2* From first to last; without exception. * She named the ancient heroes round.' Swift.—To bring one round, (a) to restore one to health, conscious- ness, composure, good spirits, or the like. (&) To cause one to alter his opinions, or to change from one party or 6ide to another ; as, he was brought round to the right side, or to the right way of think- ing.—To come round, (a) to change one's opinions, party, or the like, (ft) To be restored to health, consciousness, good humor, or the like.—To turn round, to change one's side ; to desert one's party. Bound (round), v. To give the finishing touch to; to make complete ; to perfect; to finish off. A new creation-bloom that rounds The old creation. E. B. Browning. —To round a horse, to make him carry his fhott!- ders and haunches compactly or round-ly, upon a greater or smaller circle, without traversing or bearing to a side. Bound (round), v.i. 1. To turn round. The men who met him rounded on their heels. Tennyson. 2. To become complete or full; to develop into the full type. Bou nd a bout (round'a-bout), n. A circular dance. The Miss Flamboroughs... .understood the jig and the roundabout to perfection. Goldsmith. Bound ers (round'erz), n. pi. A game like fives, but played with a foot-ball. Bound-fish (round'fish), n. (Ichth.) A fish (Core- gonus quadrilateralis) of the salmon family found in the rivers of Western America, from Vancouver's Island northward. Called also Stock-fish. Bound hand (round'hand), n. 1. A style of pen- manship in which the letters are round and full. 2. A style of bowiing in cricket in which the arm is brought round horizontally. Bound house (round'hous), n. A building erect- ed by a railway company in which locomotive en- gines are housed. Roun die (roun'dl), n. (Her.) A circular charge; an ordinary in the form of a circle: written also roundel. Bounds man (roundz'man), n. A police officer who has no regular beat, but who takes charge of the rounds of the patrolmen. Boopit i («Vet),a. Hoarse. [ScotchJ Alas ! my roupet Muse is hearse Burns. Bou-rou (rft'rO), n. A Mexican furniture wood re- sembling rosewood. Bous ant (rouz'ant or rOz'ant), a. (Her.) A term applied to a bird in the attitude of rising, as if pre- paring to take flight. When applied to a swan it is understood that the wings are endorsed. III. PI. 17, Fig. 4. Bous sette (rS-sgt'), n. [Fr., from rousse, red, from its color.] (Zo6l.) One of the fruit-eating bats, Pteropus vulgaris, a native of Mauritius, Bourbon, Madagascar, etc. Its prevalent color is rusty red. Boust (roust), v. t. To arouse one, as from sleep; to disturb; to rout out; to drive ; as, he rousted them out. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.] Boust (roust), v. i. To bestir one's self; to move about in a lively manner; to work energetically; as, to roust around. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.J oh, cAain; g, go, j, job; ng, si ng\ Ox, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh,t*7iig; \wure; oo,focd; oi,oili °U',poU"^ On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster s and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.ROUSTABOUT 692 RUGOSA Roust a bout (roust'a-bout,), n. 1* A lfcbo^er or deck-hand on boartl a 6teamer who loads and un- loads wood, handles the cargo, and (he like: sc called because ho is subject to be rousted about by the officers. [Sinn#. U. S.J 2* An unprincipled character ; a shiftlesg va- grant ; one liable to be rousted about by the police officers. [Slang. U.S.J Rout (rout or rot), u. (Technology.) To deepen ; to scoop out; to cut out; to dig out, as moldings, the spaces between and around block letters, book- binders' stamps, etc. — Routing much inc, routing tools, a machine or tools for routing or scooping out spaces, forming moldings, etc., in wood, metal, or stone. See Router. Rout-cake (rout'kilk), n. A rich eweet cako for evening parties. ■ Enlivened by an interludo of rout-calces and lemon- ade. Dickcns. R out© (rdt or rout), n. — To get the route (Mil.), to receive orders to quit one station for another. Rout°cr (rout'er), n. [From rout, to deepen, to scoop out.] (Carp.) A sash-plane made like n spoke- shave, to work on Fashes.—Router gauge, a gauge used for cuttiug out the narrow channels intended to receive brass or colored woods in inlaid work.— Router plane, a kind of plane used for working out the bottoms of rectangular cavities, also vulgarly called the old woman's tooth. R oil tit (routh), n. Plenty ; abundance. [Scotch.] Row/if© f (ruth)'n* P»ty; ruth. Chaucer. Routh I© ( routh'i), a. Plentiful: well filled; abundant. 'A routhie but, a routhie ben.' [Scotch.] Burns. Itou tl er (rO'ti-5), n. [Fr. route, a road.] One of a class of military adventurers of the twelfth cen- tury, who hired themselves out to whoever would pay them best: so named from being always on the route or move. Rtou Unary (rO'ti-na-ri), a. Characterized by or relating to routine; customary; ordiuary; ha- bitual. [R.] Emerson. Rou tin 1st (rfrtgn'ist), n. One addicted to routine; specifically, a medical man who practices in an un- varied manrfer and according to received usage; a routiue practitioner. - Dunglison. Rout ish (rout'ish), a. Characterized by routing ; clamorous; disorderly. 'A routish assembly of sorry citizens.' Roger North. Roux (rft). n. [Fr. roux beurre% reddish-brown butter.] {Cookery.) A material composed of melt- ed butter and flour, used to thicken soups and gra- vies. Rove (rOv), v. i. To have rambling thoughts; to be in a delirium; to rave; to be light-headed; lence, to be in high spirits; to be full of fun and frolic. [Scotch.] Rove (rGv), v. t. To draw out into thread; as, to rove a stocking. [Prov. Eng. J Rove-bee tie (rOv' bg'tl), n. (Entom.) A name given to one of the larger species of Staphylinidse, such as the Ocypus olena. Also called the DevWs Coach-horse. [Eng.] Row (rou), v. t. To involve in a quarrel, disturb- ance, or row. [Colloq. or Slang.] For I might have rammed it into a review and rowed him. * Buron. Row (rou), v. i.' To be noisy or turbulent; to be riotous. [Colloq. or Slang.] Row (rou), n. [Scotch.] ^ 1. A roll; a list. / 2. A roll of bread. Sir W.Scott. Row (rou), v. t. or i. [A form of roZZ.] To roll; to wind ; to revolve. [Scotch.] Ro wa nali (rO'wa-na), n. In the East Indies, a pas.-port or permit. Row dy (rou'di), a. [Colloq.] 1. Rough; disreputable; blackguard; charac- teristic of a rowdy. ^ 2. Coarsely showy and preteutious; flashy. [Those women] are too expensive and row'!/ for me. Cornhitt Mag. Row dy-dow (rou'dl-dou), n. [Formed from im- itation of the beat of a drum. Comp. rub-a-dub. J A word expressive of continuous noise. [Colloq. and vulgar. J Row dy-dow dy (rou'dl-dou'di), a. [See Row- > dy-dow.J Noisy ; turbulent. Notes and Queries. Row dy Ism (rou'di-Izm), > ». The conduct or Roiv disui (rou'dizra), ) practice of a rough or rowdy ; turbulent blackguardism. [U. S.] Rowel-head (rou'el-hSd), n. The axis on which a rowel turns. ShaJc. Row er (rou'er), it. [From O. Eng. row, rough.] A workman in a certain process of woolen manu- facture. Called also Rougher. [Eng.] Rowl (roul), n. (Naut.) (a) The sheave of a whip- tackle. * (b) A light crane, formerly used in dis- charging cargo. Row letf (rou'let), n. [Fr. roulette.] A small wheel. Roger North. Rownf (roun or r5n), v. i. To whisper. Rowte (rout), v. i. To bellow; to roar like a bull; to rout. [Scotch.] Rowtli (routh), n. See Routh. Rox burgli iacese (r5ks'bur-i-a"pe-ej, ». pi. flu honor of Dr. Roxburgh.'] (Bot.) A small nat- order of dictyogens with bisexual flowers. There Js but one genu6, Roxburghia, the species of which are natives of the hot parts of India. £■ Royal (roi'al), a. Founded or originated b>, In the service of, under the patronage of, or receiving support from royalty ; as, tho Royal Academy ; the Ruyal Society (see below); Royal National Life- boat Institution. — Royal antler, the third branch of the horn of a deer.—Royal blue, u fine deep blue prepared from cobalt, used for enamel and glass, and porcelain painting. The name is also given to a fine, deep, aniline blue.— Royal gluss, painted glass. Briiton. —Ruyal grant, ft grant by letters patent from the crown. — Royal merchant, formerly applied to" Italian merchants who founded princi- palities which their descendants enjoyed, such as the Grimaldi of Venice, the Medici of Florence, and others; also applied to ouo who managed the mer- cantile affairs of a state or kingdom. —Royal mines, mines of filver aud gold. -Royal oak, (a) an oak in Boscobel Wood, England, which was said to have sheltered Charles II. after the battle of Worcester, (b) Tho Robur Caroli, a southern constellation.— Royal Socicty (of London), a society incorporated by Charles II. in JGGO, under the name of 'The Presi- dent, Council, and Fellows of tho Royal Society for the Improvement of Natural Philosophy.' A some- what similar society, the Royal Sucicty of Edinburgh, for the investigation and discussion of subjects in science, art, and literature, was founded in 1783. Roy al (roi'al), n. A former English gold coin. * Roy al-arcl* (roi'al-firch''), n. A degree in free- masonry. Roy al 1st (roi'al-ist), n. An adherent to the Bour- bon family after the first French revolution. Used adjectively—' Royalist antiquarians.' Carlylc. Roy al ize (roi'ai-iz), v. i. To exercise kingly power ; to bear royal sway. ' If long he look to rule aud royalizeS Sylvester. Roy al-mast (roi'al-mast), n. (Naut.) The fourth ma?t from the deck, commonly made in one piece with the top-gallftnt roast. Roy al-ricli (roi'al-rlch), a. Rich as a king; rich or gorgeous enou'-ii for a king. 1 shall abide * In this great mansion, that is built for me, So royal-rich and wide. Tennyson. Roy al ty (roi'al-ti), n. 1# A tax paid to one who holds a patent protected by government ior the u>e of the patent, generally at a certain rate for each article manufactured ; a percentage paid to the patentee or owner of an article for its use ; a sum of money paid to the owner for taking minerals out of his mine. 2. In Scotland, the area occupied by a royal burgh, or (in plural) tho bounds of a royal burgh. Roy al-yard (roi'al-yard), n. (Naut.) The fourth yard from the deck, on which the royal is set. Roy e lla (roi-C'na), n. [After Acfrian van Royen, a Dutch botaiiist.] (Bot.) A Cape genus of shrubs or trees, nat. order Ebenacere, differing from the true ebony (Diospyrosl and others in having fertile and sterile flowers on the same instead of on differ* ent plants. Roys ter er (roi'ster-er), n. Same as Roisterer. Roys ter ous ( roi'ster-us ), a. Roistering; rois- terly ; reveling; drunken or riotous. 'The roys- terous young dogs.' n.arlule. Ru*. The chemical symbol of ruthenium. Rub (rub), v. t. (Building.) (a) To polish or give a smooth surface to, as a stone, by erasing the tool marks by the agency of a piece of grit-stone with sand and water, so as to render the stone less liable to be affected by the atmosphere, (b) To smooth, as the chipped surface of a brick with a piece of rough-grained stone. See Rubbing-stone. Rub (rub), n. ( Card-plaging. ) A contraction of Rubber. Ru basse (ru-bfls'), n. [Fr. from Lat. rubeus, red"; comp. ruby.] A lapidaries' name for a beautiful variety of rock-crystal, limpid or 6lightly amethyst- ic, speckled in the interior with minute spangles of specular iron, which reflect a color ret-embling that of ruby. Ru ba to (ru-ba'tS), a. [It., stolen (time).] (Mus.) A style of singiug or playing, in which some of the notes are unduly lengthened and others proportion- ately contracted, so that the aggregate value of the bar is maintained. Rub bcr (rub er), n. Inequality, as inequality of ground in bowling; a rub; heuce, obsfruction ; dif- ficulty ; hardship ; unpleasant collision in the busi- ness of life. He that plays at bowls must expect to meet with rub* hers.* Thackeray. Rub bers (rub'erz), n. A disease in sheep occa- sioning great heat and itching. Called also Scab, Shab, or Ray. Rub bing-post (rub'ing-pOst), n. A post set up for cattle to rub themselves on. Rubbing-stone (rublng-stGn), n. (Building.) A grit-stone for polishing or erasing the tool-marks on a stone, or on which the bricks for the gauged work, after they have been rough-shaped by the axe, are rubbed smooth. Rub bisli (rOb'ish), n. Mingled mass; confusioD. 'In the jumbled rubbish of a dream.' Tennyson. Rub bisli ing ( rub'ish-ing ), a. Contemptible; trashy; worthless; rubbifhy. [Vulgar.] That rubbishing creature. ' Dickens. Ru be fac tion ( rQ'be-fSk"shun), ». The act of producing redness of the skin, as by a rubefacient; the state of being made red. Ru bens-brown (rc* bfuz-broun), n. [From the great Flemish painter Rubens, who was partial to the use of it.] A ricn and durable brown pigment, warmer and more ocherous than Vandyke-brown. Ru be oloid (ru-be o-loid), a. [Rubeola, and Gr. ei be-tsai), n. Number Nip, a famous mountain spirit of Germany, sometimes friendly, sometimes mischievous, corresponding to the En- glish Puck. Ru bi a (rO'bl-a), n. [Lat. rubia, madder, from rubeus, red — in allusion to tho color obtained from tho roots.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs found both in Europe and Asia, belonging to the nat. order Rubiaoese. Ru bi a eln ? (rfl'bi-a-sln), n. (Chem.) (C32H22 Ru bi a cine ) O-o-) A yellowcrystallizablecol- oring principle fouud in madder root. Ru bi an ) (irtbi-an), n. ( Chem. ) (C2sH3t01.v> Ru bi ane ) The bitter principle and color-pro- ducing matter of madder. Ru bi an ic (rO'bi-an' ik), a. (Chem.) Notingan acid derived from, aud forming the color-producing matter of, madder. Ru bid i um (rft-bid'i-um), n. [Lat. rubidus, red.} (A/in.) Sym. Rb.; at. wt. 85"4. A metal belonging to the group of elements which likewise includes lithium, sodium, potassium, and caesium. It was dis- covered by Kirchhoff and Bunseu, iu 18G0, by the method of spectral aualysis. Its spectrum is chiefly distinguished by two bright red lines situated be- yond the line A; beuce the name. Rubidium was detected, together with caesium, in the mineral wa- ter of Durckheim, iu which it exists to the amount of two parts in ten million. Ru bled (rO'bid), o. Red as a ruby; as, & rubied lip; rubied nectar. ■ Shak. The starred divisions of rubied bloom. Ruskin» Ru big i nose (ro-blj in-Gs), a. Brown-red ; spe- cifically (Bot.), a term usually employed to denote a surface whose peculiar color is owing to glandu- lar hairs. Treas. of Bot. Ru bir e tin ( rO-bTr'e-tin ), n. [Lat. ruber, red, and Gr. pTjrtVrj, resin.] (Chem.) (CyHfiOo.) A res- inous coloring matter, isomeric with benzoic acid, existing in madder. Rub Ken-cake ( rflb'sen-kak ), n. [Of. rubsen, coutr. for rubesamen, rape-seed — rube, rape, and samen, seed — and cake.) An oil-cake, much used on the Continent, made from the Brassica prcecox. Ruche (r(Jsh), n. A kind of trimming for ludies' dresses, etc. Spelled also Rnuche. Ruck (ruk), n An undistinguished crowd; specif* ically said of the body of non-winnincr horses which, come in close together. Sat. Rev. Ruck le (ruk'l), n. A rattling noise In the throat seeming to indicate suffocation. [Scotch.] Ruckling (ruk'ling), a. Having a ruckle; mail- ing a rattling noise. 'The^deep ruckling groaus of the patient.' [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott.. Ru das ( ro'das ), n. [Fr. rude, rude, coarse,] A haggard old woman; a coarse, full-mouthed woman; a randy. [Scotch.] Ru das (rO'das), a. Bold ; mascuime ; coarse : ap«* plied to women. [Scotch.] " -< Sir W. Scott. Rudder (rfld'er), n.—Rudder-band (Naut.), one- of the hinges on which a rudder turns.—Rudder" brace (Naut.), same as Rudder-band. —Rudder-case^ (NautA, same a9 Rudder-trunk. — Rudder-chain- (Naut.), one of the strong chains connected with the- aft side of the rudder by a span clamp aud shackles. —Rudder-iron (Naut.), same as Pintle.—Rudder- tackle (Naut.), tackle attached to the rudder-pen- dants.—Rudder-trunk (Naut.), a casing of wood, fit- ted or boxod firmly into a round hole called the helm- port through which the rudder-stock is inserted. Ru dent ed (rft-Jen'ted), a. Same as Cabled. Ru des liei rner (r6d/,e.--hTm'er), n. One of the white Rhine wines, most highly esteemed after Jo- hannisberg. It is made from grapes produced near Rudeshcim, a town of Nassau, on the right bank ot the Rhine opposite Bingen. Rue-bar gain (rcy'b&r'ginj. n. A forfeit paid for withdrawing from a bargain. [Scotch.] Sir W.Scott. Ru el li a (rp-el ii-a), n. [After J. Rouelle. a French botanist,.] (Bot.) A geuus of tropical Asiatic and Australian plant*, nat. order Acanth.ieese, some spe cies of which yield indigo. Ruff(ruf), n. (Ornith.) A set of lengthened featlv ers round the neck of a bird, modified in regard to color or softness. RufFe (ruf), n. (Ichth.) A small British fish of the perch family (Acerinaor Perca cernua). Called alec Pope. * ; Ruffian age (rufynn-aj or ruf'i-an-aj), n.'• Th& state of being a ruffian; rascaldom ; ruffians col- lectively. " Ruf us never moved unless escorted by the vilest rvf* fin tin tie. ^ Sir F. ratgrave.' Ruf tier (ruf'ler), n. A sewing machine attachment for forming ruffles in dress goods. Ru fill (rOf'in), n. [Lat. ruf us, red.] (Chem.) A red substance formed by the action of heat or phlorizin. Rug (rug), n. A rough or hasty pull; a tug. tSc-} Ru gfe (rft je), n. pi. [Lat., pi. of ruga, a wrinkle.] (Anat.) The folds into which the mucus membrane of some organs is thrown by the contraction of the exterunl coats. Ru go sa (ro-go'sa),n.pl. [La!-, rugosus, wrinffled.) (Paleon.) An order of extinct Actinozoa, with whose Notation: ft, 6,1, 0, fl, long; 2, 5,1, 5, u, ahort; a, e, i, o, u,obscure; f&r, fall, fast, cftre; ^ h6r, mOve, or ; b\jll, Q,Fr.j fc, Fr., ton; f On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.RUING corallum we are alone acquainted, all, with one ex- ception (Holocystis elegans, which iccura in the lower cretaceous series), from paleozoic rocks. Bu lug (rO'ing), n. Ruth ; pity; compassion. E. B. Browning. Ba In ing (rB'in-ing), p. a. Causing ruin ; going to ruin. Tennyson. Bukh (r\)k), n. [Ar.] A roc. Marco Polo men- tions a bird of great size as appearing in Madagas- car at certain seasons, supposed .o be the extinct JEpyomis maximus. Rul a bl© (rOl'a-bl), a. That may be ruled; gov- ernable. Bale (rOl), n. 1. (Print.) A thin plate of metal, of the same height of types, usually brass, used for separating headings, titles, the columns of type in a book, or columns of type in tabular work, etc.; also a slip of metal laid above the last line set, to fa- cilitate placing type in the stick. 2* (Plastering.) A strip of wood placed on the face of a wall as a guide to assist in keeping the plane surface.—Rule joints a movable joint in which a tongue on one piece enters a slot in the other, and is secured by a pin or r 'vet.—Rule of the road, the regulation directing that a driver or rider, on pass- ing another horse or vehicle, must keep on the left hand of . the same. In England, the reverse is the case.—Pule of thumb a rule suggested by a practi- cal rather than a scientific knowledge, like that of osing the thumb as a standard of measurement.— Rules f a pricon% certain limits without the walls, within which prisoners in custody were sometimes allowed to live, on giving security not to escape. 1 The rules of the Fleet.' [Eng.] Thackeray. Rule less iies8(r0l/les-nes), n. The state or qual- ity of being ruleless or without law. 1 Rulelessness, or want of rules.' Academy. Baling (rOl'ing), p. a.— Ruling elder (Scotch Presbyterian Church), a member of a kirk-session, and a layman, whose office is generally to assist the minister in the management of the secular and spiritual interests of the parish or congregation. Rul log (rOl'ing), n. A rule or point settled by a judge or court of law. Bullion (rfil'yun), ». [Such forms as rilling, reweling are also found, probably from A. Sax. ri- fling, a kind of shoe.] 1* A shoe made of as tanned leather. 2* A coarse-made masculine woman; a rough ill-made animal. [Scotch.] Bam (rtim), n. A queer, odd, indescribable person or thing. [Slang.] The books which booksellers call rums. Nichols. Bum ble (rtim'bl), v. t. 1* To-rattle. And then he rumbled his mo&ey with his hands in his trowsers' pockets. Trollope. 2* To clean by means of a rumble or shaking machine. Bum bllng ( r&m'bling ), a. — Rumbling drains (Agric.), drains formed of a stratum of rubble-stone. Bum bllng (r&mbling), n. A low,heavy, contin- ued sound . a rumble. Jer. xlvii. S. Bum bo (rfim'bo), n. [Probably from rum.'] A nautical drink. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Bum bus tic af (rum-bfis'ti-kal),) a. Rambust- Bum bust lous (rum-bust'yus), j ions (which Bum gump tlon (rum-gfim'ehun), n. [Perhaps from rum in old sense of good, and gumptibn.] Bough, common sense; keenness'of intellect; un- derstanding. Other forms are Runible-gumption, Rummilgumption. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] - They want rumgumption. , Beattie. Bum gamp tious (rum-gGm'shBs), a. Sturdy in opinion; rough and surly-; bold; rash. [Proy. Eng. and Scotch.] Bum kin t (rftm'kin), n. A small drinking-cup; a small rummer. • Bum my (rfrm'i), a. Rum; odd ; queer. [Slang.] Ru monsch (rO-mOnsh'). n. See Romansch. Bum-shrub (rum'ehrub), n. A liquor composed of rum, sugar, lime or lemon juice, and the rind of these fruit3 added to give flavor. ' To purchase a pint of rum-shrub on credit.' [Eng.] Thackeray. Run( rfin), v. i. To be carried on or conducted, as an enterprise. [U.S.J Every other important inn seemed now to be running tmder the name of au Imperial Hotel. ' Jenkins. Bun (riin), v. t. 1 • To carry on or conduct, as a ho- tel or other enterprise; to introduce and carry through, as a bill through congress or parliament; to start and support, as a candidate. [U. S.J 2. To tease; to worry: to ridicule; to address •Irritating remarks to. [Colloq. and low. U. S.]—To run in, (a) {Print.) to place the carriage, with the torm of type, so as to obtain an impression, (b) To take into custody, as by a policeman; to lock up. [Slang,]—To run up, (a) to sew by taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time ; to re- pair temporarily by sewing. I want yon to run up a tear in my flounce. C. Reade. (b) To erect; especially, to erect hastily; as, to run up a block of buildings.—To run one^s face, to snake use of one's credit. [Amer.j- To run a match toith or against, to contend with in running. He ran a match agin the constable and vun it. Dickensi Bun (rfin),». 1. (Cricket.) One complete act of running from one wicket to the other by the bats- man* The match is lost or won according as one parQr'makes more or fewer runs than the other. 693 £• Power of running ; strength for running. They have too little run left in themselves to pull up for their own brothers. T. Hughes. —By the runt suddenly; quickly; at once: said of a fall, descent, and the like; as, the wall fell by the run; be came down the rope by the run.—To get the run uponj to make a butt of; to turn into ridi- cule. [U. S.J Run (ran), a. 1« Liquefied; melted; clarified; as, run butter. 2. Conveyed ashore secretly; contraband: as, run brandy; a run cargo. Run a gate (rtina-gat), a. Wandering from place to place; vagabond. [Colloq.] Carlyle. Run a way (run'a-wS), a. 1. Acting the part of a runaway ; given to running away; escaping or breaking from restraint; defying or overcoming restraint; as, a runaway horse. 2* Accomplished or effected by running away or eloping; as, a runaway match. Run cl na to-den tate (r&n'si-nS^to-dSn'tat^a. (Bot.) Hooked back and toothed. Rund (riind), n. A border; a selvage of broad- cloth ; a shred ; a remnant. [Scotch. ] Rune (rOn), n. 1. The rhymes or poetry expressed in runic characters. 2* Anything incomprehensible, mysterious, or obscure. Whittier. Rune craft (rOn'kr^ft), n. Knowledge of runes; skill in deciphering runio characters. 1 Modern Swedish runecraft.' Archceologia, 1871. Run kled (riing'kld), o. Wrinkled. [Scotch.] * Runn (run), n. In India, a waste or desert; as, the Runn of Cutch. ^Written also Ran. Run ner (run'er), n. 1. A messenger ; one who seeks to pick up Intelligence; an old name for a criminal detective. Stump it, my cove, that's a Bow Street runner. Lord Lytton. 2* (Naut.) A ship which risks every danger or impediment as to privateers or blookade to get a profitable market for its cargo ; a blockade-runner. Run nlng (rtin'ing), n. (Racing.) Power, ability, or strength to run. He thinks I've running in me yet. Lever. —To make the running, to force the pace at the be- ginning of a race, by causing a second-class horse to set off at a high speed, with the view of giving a better chance to a staying horse of the same owner. Macmillan^s Mag.—To take up the running, to go off at full speed from a slower pace; to take the lead; to take the most .active part in any undertaking.— To make good one's running, to run as well as one's rival; to keep abreast with; to prove one's self a match for a rival. Comhill Mag. Run ning-thrush (rfin'ing-thriish), n. A dis- ease in the feet of horses. Running-gear (run'ing-gSr), «. The working part of a vehicle or locomotive, consisting of the wheels, axles, etc., as distinguished from the body. Ru nolo gist (rO-ntil'o-jist), n. One versed in ru- nology; a student of runic remains. 4 The advanced school of Scandinavian runologists.' Athenceum. Ru nol o gy (r&-n61'o-ji), n. The study of runes. Of late, however, great progress has been made in runology. Archceologia, 1871. Run rig-lands (rftn'rig-HIndz), n.pl. In Scotland, lands the alternate ridges of which belong to differ- ent proprietors. R.un-round (rfin'round), n. (Med.) A name for a whitlow or felon. [Vulgar. U. 8.] Ran way (run'wS,) n. 1. The bed of a stream. 2* The trail or path made by wild animals, as deer, in going to and from their feeding-places. Ru pi a (rd'pi-a)^ n. [Gr. pvjro?, filth.] (Med.) A skin disease, consisting of an eruption of small, flattened and distinct vesicles, surrounded by in- flamed areolae, containing a serous, purulent, sani- ous, or dark bloody fluid, and followed by thick, dark-colored scabs over unhealthy ulcers. Several series of scabs may follow before healing sets in. Ru pi ca pra (r^pi-ka'pra),». [Lat. rupes, a rock, and capra, a goet.] (ZoOl.) A genus of antelopes, so named from their frequenting rocks and moun- tain cliffs. The chamois (R. tragus) is an example. Ru pic o la (rO-pIk'o-la), ». [Lat. rupes, rupis, a rock, and coZo, to inhabit.] (Ornith.) A genus of insessorial birds termed rock manakins or cocks of the rock. The species are distinguished bypossess- ing an elevated crest of feathers on the head, and by the extreme freshness and delicacy of the color of their plumage. Two species (R. aurantia and R. peruviana) inhabit South America. The adult males are of a most splendid orange color. Rup pi a (rfip'pi-a), n. [In honor of H. B. Ruppi- us, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Naiadaceje. R. maritima, sea-tassel grass, found in salt-water pools and ditches, a native of temperate and tropical regions, is the only species. Rupt ure (rup/tflr), v. t.' To affect with or cause to suffer from rupture or hernia. Rupt ur ing (rfip'tflr-ing). n. (Bot.) The spon- taneous contraction of a portion of the pericarp, by which its texture is broken* through, and holes • are formed for the discharge of the seeds, as in Campanula. Called also Solubility. Ru ral ism (rO'ral-lzm), n. 1. The state or qual- ity of being rural. 2* An idiom or expression peculiar to the country as opposed to the town. EYT Btt ri dec a nal (rfl'ri-d5k"a-nal or rO'ri-dS^kan- al),a. [Lat. rus, ruris, the country, and decanus.] Of or pertaining to a rural dean or deanery. [R.] Ru sa (rO'za), n. [Malay russa, a stag.] (Zodl.) A genusof Cervidffi, or subgenus of Cervus, contain- ing several species of deer, natives of the forests of India and the Eastern Archipelago. The great rusa (R. hippelaphus) is supposed by some to be the hippelaphus of. Aristotle, by others the sambur or samboo of India (B. Aristotelis). Rus cus (ruckus), n. [Lat. ruscum, butcher's broom.] (Bot.) A small genus of evergreen plants, nat. order Liliaceae, section Asparageae, and known by the common name of butcher's broom. Rush (rush), n. An eager demaud; a run; as, there- is a rush upon that commodity. Rush-bot tomed (rSsh'^O^umd), a. Having a bottom or seat made with rushes; as, a rush-bot~ tomed chair. Rush-mat (rfish'mflt), n. A mat made of rushes. Rush-nut (riish'nut), n. (Bot.) A plant,.the Cy- perus esvulentus. The tubers, called by thelFrench souchet comestible or amande de terre, are used as food in the south of Europe, and have been proposed as a substitute for coffee and cocoa when roasted. Rus kie (rus'ki), n. [Scotch word. O. Fr. rusche (Mod. Fr. ruche), from Armor, rusken, a hive, from rusk, bark, which was used for making hives.] 1 • A twig or straw basket for corn or meal. 2* A coarse straw-hat, 3* A bee-hiv 3. Rus set (rus'et), n. A pigment of a rich transpar- ent brown color obtained from madder, and useditf water-color painting. Rus set (rus^t), v. t. To give » russet hue to; to change into russet. The blossom blows, the summer ray Russets the plain. Thomson. Russ ni ak (rus'ni-ak), n. and a. A member of or pertaining to a branch of the Slavic race, inhabit- ing Galicia, Hungary, Podclia, Volbynia, and Lith- uania, distinguished fjrom Russians proper, or Muscovites, by their language and mode of life. They are still somewhat vncultivated and devoted almost entirely to agriculture. Russ o phile ' (rus'o-fil), \n. [Russ, and Gr. Russ oph i list (rus-Sf'il-ist), ) oli- cy ; a strong feeling against Russia or the Russians. Russ oph o bist ( rus-Of'o-bist), n. One who dreads the Russians or their policy; one whose feel- ings are strongly against Russia, her people, or pol- icy. ]&us sud (rfts'ud), n. In the East Indies, a pro- gressively increasing land-tax. Rustic a ted (rus^tik-a'tedKa. (Arch.) Builtafter the manner or having the character of rustic-work. Rustre (riis'ter), w. [Fr.] (Her.) A lozenge, pierced, round in the center, the field appearing through it. 111. PI. 17, Fig. 5. » Rust y (rust'i), a. Rough; hoarse; grating; as, a rusty voice.—To ride rusty, to be contumaciously or surlily insubordinate or insolent; to resist or re- fuse to obey, with surliness or violence. Why, even Dick Fletcher rides rusty on me now and then. Sir W. Scott. Rust y-dab (rfis'ti-dflb), n. (Ichth.) The popular name of a flat-fish of the genu& Platessa, found on the Atlantic coast in deep water. Ru ta ce se.(rO-ta'se-e), n. pi. [From Lat. ruta, rue.] (Bot.) A nat. order of polypetalous exogens. They are shtubs or trees, rarely herbs, the simple or compound leaves dotted with glands, often hav- ing a strong heavy smell. Bute Xr^0, n. A miner's term for very btorII threads of ore. Ru tel i dee (rfl-t61'i-d6), n. pi. (Entom.) The tree-beetles, a group of beetles allied to Melolonthi- dee and Cetoniadse. Rut ha (rfit'a), n. [Skr. ratha, a chariot.] In the East Indies, a carriage on two low wheels, and some- times highly ornamented. Ru the ni an (rO-thS'ni-an), n. and a. Same.as, Russniak (which see). Ru tic (r^tik), a. Applied to an acid contained in butter, etc.; capric. Ry a*'ean.] St. James's wort. (Bot.) Sew ecio Tadbt&n. St. Martin's herb. (Bot.) Sauva- gesia electa. It is very mucilaginous. St. Mar• tin's su-.yifier. A popular name for the mild damp season vlxich sometimes prevails in Eng' land, from November till about Christmas, due to_ the prevalence of south-westerly winds. Saint hootl (o&int'liobd), n. 1. The state, character, raak, or position of a saint; saint; saintship. "Sainthood, as hitherto understood, implies a living faith rejoicing in the consciousness of God."—T. Davidson: Phil. Syst. of A. Rosmini, p. xliii. 2. The collective body of saints. Saint ism (saint'igra), n. The quality, character or practices of a sair:t. [Rare.] "The pains he took in converting him to godli- ness, i.e., to canting Puritanism and Saintism."^ Wood: Fasti Oxon, vol, i\. Saint li ness (saint'li-n&sa), n. The quality or state of being saintly. Saint ol o gist (saint-61'o-glst), n. [Eng. saint, and Gr. Aoyos (logos)=a word, a discourse.] One who writes or is versed in fche liveo of history of saints; a hagiologist. Sa Iti (sa'ki), n. [Native ntiine.] "ZoOl.) The genus Pithecia of the monkey tribe. Their faces are strangely human in appearance, and some of them are easily tamed, and become amusing and affectionate. The members of the genus usually known by this name are the Hairy Saki (Pithecia hirsuta), the Scarlet- faced, White-skinned, or Bald-headed Saki (P. Calvus); the Black-headed (P. melanocephala); and the White-headed Saki (P. leucocephala). P. Satanas is the Couxio, and P. monachus the Monk. Sal (sal), n. Sal-ammoniac, (a) (Chem.) [Am- monium Chloride.] (b) (Min.) An isometric mineral, occurring in crystals, also in stalactites, massive, and as efflorescences. Sal-polycrestus. [Potassic-sulphate.] Sal-prunella. [Prunella- salt.] Sal-volatile. (a) (Chem.) Aromatic spirit of ammonia, (b) (Pharm.) Its action is that of free ammonia. Sal acl (s&l'ad), n. A dish consisting of some kind of meat, as chicken or lobster, chopped and mixed with uncooked herbs, and seasoned with some condiment, as lobster-saZwZ. Salad-burnet. (Bot.) The genus Poterium, and specif., Polerium Sanguisorba, the leaves of whicn are eaten in salad. Sal a man der Csai^a-mSn'der), n. 1. A cir- cular iron plate msed in cooking; a griddle. [Prov. Eng.'] 2. A term sometimes applied to afire-proof safe; a salamander safe. 3. A large iron poker, which, being heated to redness, is then ueed for lighting fires, or for browning certain dishes. 4. (Alchemy) An imaginary being having a human form, and possessing the power of living in fire. Paracelsus placed them among his elemental spirits. "Scorching Salamander, burn; Nymph of Water, twist and turn." Goethe: Faust (ed. Anster). Sal a man quese (e&i'a-m&n-kez'O, a. [See QbZ.] (Geog.) Belonging or pertaining to Sala- manca or its inhabitants. Sal a man quese (s&l'a-m&n-kez'O, n. Sing. & pi. (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Salamanca; in the plural, the people of Sala- manca. Sal a ry (s&l'a-ry), v.t. To pay by a salary. Sale (sale), n. On sale, for sale: Offered to pur- chasers; to be bought or sold. To set for sale: To offer to any one. Sa li ant (saTl-ant), a. (Her.) Salient. Sal i ca ceous (ce as sli), (s&l'i-ca^ceoiis), a. [Mod. Lat. salicace(oe); Eng. adj. suff. -ows.] Pertaining or relating to the willow or to the nat- ural order Salicacese. Sal i cor ni a (s&l'i-eSr^nl-a), n. [Lat. sal, genit. saMs=salt, and cornu=a horn. Named from the saline properties of the genus, and the hornlike branches.] (Bot.) Marsh - samphire, Glasswort; a genus of Chenopodiacese. Annual or perennial leafless herbs, with cylindrical, jointed, succulent stems. Flowers bisexual, min- ute, in threes at the base of the internodes. Sal i cyl Ol (s&l'i-cyl^ol), n. [Eng. salicyl; -oZ.] (Chem.) Salicylic aldehyde, salicylous acid. Vol- atile oil of spiraea. Obtained by distilling the flowers of Spiraea Ulmaria, or by the oxidation of saligenin, with a mixture of potassio dichromate and sulphuric acid. It is a colorless aromatic oil, sp. gr. 1*173 at 15°, and is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It is inflammable, burning with a bright but smoky flame, gives an intense violet Notation: a, 6,1, 0, ti, y, long; 5, e, I, <5, ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ffirl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; $ as s; as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. gj^'On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SALIC YLOUS coloration with ferric salts, and forms compounds with strong bases. Sal i cyl oils (saVi-^yl^ous), a. Derived from or contained in salicylic acid. Salicylous acid. [See Salicylol.] Sa li eiice (sa ll-en^e), n. The quality or state of being salient or projecting; projection, protru- sion. " But the street-face of this noble building has sufficient salience and dignity to set its mark on the great thoroughfare."—London Daily Tele- graphy Sept. 7, 1886. Sa li na (sa-ll na), n. [Sp., from Lat. sal=salt.] 1. A salt-marsh or salt-pond shut off from the sea.—Simmonds. A place for making salt from salt water; salt-works. Sal i iiom e ter (saH-ndm^e-ter), n. [Eng. saline; o connect., and meter.] An apparatus or instrument for ascertaining the sal.nity of water, or the density of brine in the boilers of marine steam-engines. The thermometrical method is by ascertaining the boiling-point of the brine. This is used in salt-works, the scale being gradu- ated to indicate percentages. The hydrometric method is by finding its specific gravity at a given temperature. Sa lin ous (sa-lm'otis), a. [Lat. salinus.] Sal- ine, salty. [Rare.] "Ascribe their induration.. .unto salinous spir- its."—Browne: Vulgar Errours, bk. ii., ch. i. Sa lix (sa'llx), n. [Lat. = a willow; cf. Gael & Ir. seileach; Wei. helig; Cornish helak=a willow.] (Bot.) Willow; the typical genus of Salicacese. Catkins erect, their scales quite entire; perianth none, except one or two nectariferous glands; stamens two, combined into one, or two to five; stigmas two, entire or cloven into two. Known species 160. Sal len clers (sal-16n'ders), n. pi. The same as Sellanders. Sal ly Lunn (sarijr lflnn), n. [See def.] A tea-cake; so called from Sally Lunn, the pastry- cook of Bath, England, who used to cry them about in a basket at the close of the eighteenth century. Dalmer, the baker, bought her receipt, and made a song about the buns. " Tell cook to butter the Sally Lunns on both sides."—Field, Oct. 27, 1883. Sal mi, sal mis, sal me")* n. [Fr., from Ital. salami; pi. of salame = salt meat.] A ragout of roasted woodcocks, larks, thrushes, and other birds and game, minced and stewed with wine, small pieces of bread, and other ingredients, intended to provoke the appe- tite. Salm on et, sam'on-et), n. A little salmon, a samlet. Sal mon ic (sai-mfin'Ie), a. Derived from the salmon. Salmonic-acid. (Chem.) A reddish fatty acid, existing, according to Fremy, in the reddish muscles of various species of salmon. ( Watts.) Salm on peel, (sam'un-peel), n. A young salmon. Sal o gen (sai'o-gen), n. {Chem.) Halogen. Sa Ion, (s&'ldng"), n. [Fr.] An apartment for the reception of company; a saloon, a picture-gallery; hence, in the plural, fashionable assemblages, circles of fashionable society. Sal pa (sai'pa), n. [Lat., from Gr. aaKwrf (salpe)% trapnr) (sarpe)—B. sea-fish.] (ZoOl.) The typical genus of Salpidee. Animal sub-cylindrical, half an inch to ten inches long, truncated in front, pointed behind. They have a transparent, elastic outer tunic, elongated, compressed, and open at both extremities. A single, narrow, plicated, ribbon-shaped branchia extends obliquely across the pallial cavity. Sal pi an (sai'pi-an), n. A mollusc belonging to the genus Salpe (q.v.) "In the transparent saltans these fibres are grouped in flat bands."— Woodward: Mollusca, (ed. 1875), p. 19. Sal so da (sal-sO'da) n. Commercial carbonate of soda: Sal so la (sai'so-la), n. [From Lat. saZ=salt.] (Bot.) Saltwort, a genus of Chenopodiacese. Flow- ers perfect, with two bracts at the base; sepals five, rarely four; stamens five, rarely three; style elongate; stigmas two or three. Found in temperate climates. Sal so la ceous (sai'so-la^ceous) (ce as sh), a, Pertaining or belonging to the genus Salsola. q. v. Salt (salt), n. 1. A marshy place flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.] ^ 3. A sailor, especially an old sailor, [Colloq.] "An old salt, sitting at the tiller."—London Daily Telegraph, Sept 11, 1885. Above (or below) the salt: Formerly the family 696 salt-cellar was of massive silver, and placed in the middle of the table. Persons of distinction eat above the saler—i e. between it and the head of the table; while dependants and inferior guests sat below it. Hence, to sit above the salt= to sit in a place of distinction, to be placed or sit below the salt=to be given or take an inferior position. Salt-block. An apparatus for evaporat- ing the water from a saline solution. The tech- nical name for a salt-factory. Salt-box. A wooden box, with a sloping lid, used for holding salt in kitchens. Salt-bush. (Bot.) Atriplex nummula- ria. (Australian.) Salt-butter. Butter mixed with salt to make it keep. Salt-junk. Dry salt beef for use at sea. Salt-lick. A knob-lick. Salt of lemons. [Salt of Sorrel.] Salt of sorrel. (Chem.) Potassic binoxalate, or acid potassic oxalate. Found in sorrel leaves, and easily pre- pared by dividing a saturated solution of oxalic acid in water into two equal portion®, neutraliz- ing one with potassic carbonate, and adding the other. Itcrystalizes in colorless rhombic prisms, slightly soluble in cold, very soluble in boiling water. It is often used to remove ink stains from linen, paper, &c. Called also Salt of Lem- ons. Salt of tartar. [Carbonate of Potassium.] Salt of vitriol. [Sulphate of Zinc.] Salt-radical. (Chem.) The chlorus or electronegative constit- uent of a salt, according to the binary theory, e. 0., CI in KC1, SO4 in K2SO4, &c. Salt-raker. A person engaged in raking or collecting salt in natural salt-ponds, or in inclosures from the sea. Sal tant (sai'tant), a. (Her.) A term applied to the squirrel, weasel, rat, and all vermin, and also to the cat, greyhound, ape, and monkey, when in a position springing forward. Sal ta rel lo (sarta-rSl77 10), n. [Ital. ](Mws.) (a) A Neapolitan dance in triple time, somewhat re- sembling a jig. (b) The music for such a dance. Sal tate (sai'tate), v. i. [Lat. saltatum, sup, of salt,o% frequent, of salio=to leap.] To leap, to jump, to skip. [Rare.] Sal ta tor i al (sai ta-tdr^I-al), a. Pertaining to leaping, having the ability to leap, or actually doing so. "The males in the three saltatorial families belonging to this order are remarkable for their musical powers."—Darwin: Descent of Man, p. ii., ch. x. Salt cake (salt'eake), n. (Com.) Sulphate of soda, prepared for the use of glassmakers and soap manufacturers. Sal u ta tion (sai'tt-ta^tion), n. Syn. Saluta- tion, Salute, Greeting. A salute may consist either of a word or an action; salutations pass from one friend to another; the salute may be either direct or indirect; the salutation is always direct and personal; guns are fired by way of a salute: bows are given in the way of a salutation. The salutation is a familiar and ordinary form of courtesy between individuals; greeting is fre- quently a particular mode of salutation adopted on extraordinary occasions, indicative of great joy or satisfaction in those who greet. Crabb: Eng. Synonyms. Sal va tel la (sai'va-tSF'la), n. [Dimin. from Lat. salvator=a savior. So named from the sal- utary effects which the ancients attributed to the opening of the vein in hypochondria.] (Anal.) A vein on the back of the hand, near its inner mar- gin, in proximity to the fourth and little fingers. Sal ve (sftl've), excl. [Lat.] Hail! Sal vi a (sai'vl-a) n. [Lat.=the sage (Salvia offic- inalis)^ from salvo=to save. Named from its healing properties. (Bot.) Sage; the typical genus of the Salvidse. Calyx two-lipped; stamens two, forked. Undershrubs or herbs, widely dis- tributed. Known species about 400, many of them very showy flowering plants; cultivated in gardens or greenhouses. Sam are (sam/are), n. The same as Simarre. Sam l>uke (s&m'buke), n. [Lat. sambuca, from Gr. aafx^vKr] (sambuke).] (Mus.) An ancient musical instrument: though applied sometimes to several musical instruments of different kinds, such as a lyre, a dulcimer, a triangular harp or trigon, and a large Asiatic harp; it seems to have been chiefly used as a term for the last-named instrument. By some authors it has been ident- ified with the large Egyptian harp. Sa mes ter, Sa mes tre (sa-mSs'ter), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A variety of coral. (Sim- monds). ^ Sa mette (sa-mette'), n. The same as Samite. Sami an (sa'mi-an), a. [See def.] (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Samos, an island in the Grecian Archipelago. Sami an (sa'mi-an), n. A native or inhabitant of Samos. Samiot, Sami ote (sa'mi-ot, sa'mi-ote), a. & n. [Tne same as Samian.] (q. v.) SAPHEAD Sam pie (sam'ple), n. Syn. See Specimen. Sam slio, Sam sliu (sam'sho, sam'shu), n, [Chin.] A Chinese spirit distilled from rice. San a tor y (san'a-tor-y), a. Sanatory, though often confused with sanitary% is quite distinct in meaning, and should be so treated. Sanatory is properly conducive to health, while sanitary is pertaining to health. Sanction a ry (sane'tion-a-r^), a. Relating to or giving sanction; ratifying. [Rare.] Sane ti ty (sane ti-ty), n. Syn. See Religion. Sane turn (sane'ttim), n. [Lat. neut. sig. of sanctus—holy.] A sacred place. Used colloquilly for a private retreat, a room. "When he had first violated that sanctum.'1'1— Hctwley Smart: Struck Down, ch. xi. Sand (sand), n. 1. The sand in a sand-glass or hour-glass; hence, used for the time one has to live: life. "Our sands are almost run." ShaJcsp.: Pericles, v. 2. Grit; courage; energy; capacity for doing; as, he has plenty of sand. [Colloq. U. S.] Brain- sand. (Anat.) Single or aggregated, and nodu- lar dark bodies found in the pineal-gland, the choroid plexus, tind occasionally in the pia mater, the arachnoid membrane, and the walls of the ventricles. (Griffith & Henfrey.) Sand-ball. Soap made up into a ball with fine sand, for washing the hands. Sand-bar. A bar in a river formed by the accumulation of sand. Sand- board. (Vehicles) A bar over the hind axle and paralel therewith. It rests upon the hind hounds where they cross the axle. Sand-box. (Rail.-eng.) A box filled with sand, usually placed in front of the driving-wheel, with a pipe to guide the sand to the rail, to be used when the wheels slip on the rails, owing to frost or wet. Sand-crab. (Zool.) The genus Ocypoda. Sand-crack. A fissure or perpendicular crack in the hoof of a horse, caus- ing lameness if neglected. Sand-flea. (Entom.) Pulex (or Sarcopsylla) irritfins, the Chigre, from its living in sand. Sand-fly. (Entom,') Any indi- vidual of the genus Simulium. "Under the name of sand-flies they are well- known plagues in many parts of North America." — CasselVs Nat. Hist., vi. 100. Sand-glass. An hour-glass. Sand-grouse. (Ornith.) The family Pteroclida), called also Rock-pigeons. Elegantly formed birds, with pointed tails, and beautifully varied protective tints. They are pre-eminently dessert-birds, and are found in great numbers in the most arid situations and on the most open and barren plains. Sand-hopper, (Z06I.) (1) The genus Talitrus, and especially Talitrus l-ocusta; (2) The genus Gammarus. Sand-martin. (Ornith.) Hirundo riparia, called also the Bank-martin and Bank-swallow. Length about six inches; upper parts and a broad band across the breast grayish brown, lower parts brownish white. It makes its nest in the steep banks of rivers, sand-pits, quarries, and sea- banks, and deposits four or five white eggs. Sand-rock. A rock composed of cemented sand. Sand-roll. A roll for a rolling-mill,for instance-^ cast in sand, as distinguished from a chill-roll, one cast on a chill. Sand-scoop. A shovel for ob- taining sand from the bottom of a river. Sand- snakes. (Zool.) The family Etycidse. They fre-t quent sandy or dry places, and burrow beneath the surface. Sand-star. (ZoOl.) The genus Ophiura. Sand-storm. A storm or cloud of drifting sand. Sand-tube. A fulgorite. Sand- wasp. (Z06I.) A popular name for the fossorial Hymenoptera, particularly those colored like or- dinary wasps, from which however they may be distinguished by their wings not being folded. Specially, the fossorial genus Ammophila. Sand-< worm. (ZoOl.) Nereis versicolor. San guig en ous (s&n-guig'en-otis), a. [Lat san(/ttis=blood, and gigno (pa. t. genui)— to be' get.] Producing of forming blood. San guin ar i a (sao'guin-ar//i-a), n. [Fern, of Lat. sanguinarius = pertaining to blood.] (Bot.) A genus of Papaveraceae. Sanguinaria canaden- sis is the Puccoon. It is an emetic and purgative in small doses; but in large ones a stimulant, diaphoretic, and expectorant. San giiin a ri ness (san^guin-a'ri-nSss), n. The quality or property of being sanguinary. Sail guin o len ey (san-guTn'-o-len-cy), n. The quality or state of being sanguinolent; blood- thirstiness, bloodiness. " That great red dragon with seven heads, so called from his sanguinolency."—H. More: Mys- tery of Iniquity, bk. i., ch. viii., §4. Sap a dil lo (sap'a-dlF'lo) n. The same as Sap- odilla. Sap fill (sap'ful), a. Full of sap, abounding in sap. Sap liead (sap head), n. A blockhead, a ninny, a fool. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, fl, y, long; a, e, 1, 6, ft, f, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th6re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, t, o, silent; q as s; Qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. (ynn this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SAPHENA 697 SAXHORN Sa phe na (pi. sa phe use ) (sa-phe'na ) (pi. sa-phe'nse), n. [Gr. aar}vrj9 (sapchens) = clear, manifest.] (Anat.) {PI.) The saphenous veins. Sa pi ent (sa'pl-ent), a. Syn.—See Sage. Ha pi en tial ly (sa'pi-en'shal-ly), adv. In a sapiential manner; wisely, sagely. Na pi en tious (sapl-en'shus) shus, a. Sapi- ential. Sa pi en tize (sa'pT-en-tize), v. i. dt t. To make or render sapient or wise; to affect wisdom. Na pin da ceous (sap in-da ceous) (ceassh), a. Pertaining to plants of the order Sapindacece and genus Sapindus. Na pin dus (sa-pin'dus), n. [Mod. Lat., from Lat. sapo=soap, and Indus = Indian. 1 (Bot.) Soap- tree; the typical genus of sapindacece trees or shrubs, with equally pinnate leaves, and panicles of white or greenish flowers. The fleshy fruits of Sapindus esculentus aud S. senegalensis are "eaten. The acrid fruits of S. saponaria and S. inequalis, placed in water, form a lather, used in lieu of soap in the West Indies. If pounded and thrown into water, they intoxicate fish. Nap o nac i ty (sap'o-na^I-ty), n. The quality and state of being saponaceous. Na pon i ft a ble (sa-p6n'I-fi//a-ble), n. Having the property of being saponified or converted in- to soap. Sap phi re (s&flr, or s&fur), a. Resembling a sapphire; sapphirine. " The living throne, the sapphire blaze." Gray: Progress of Poesy. Sapphire-quartz. (Min.) A name given to the indigo or Berlin-blue quartz, found associated with crocidolite at Golling, Salzburg. Sap po dil ia (s&p'po-dir'la), n. The same as Sapodilla. Nap rot (s&p'r6t), n. A disease in timber;—also called dry-rot. Nap skull (sap'sktill), n. A sap-head; a lout. (Lo w.) Nap suck er (s&p^sfick'er), n. (Ornith.) An American popular name for two species of Wood- pecker: Pious villosus, the Hairy Woodpecker, or Larger Sapsucker, and P. pubescens, the Downy Woodpecker, or Lesser Sapsucker. Sar a sin. Sar ra sine (sar'a-sin, sar'ra-slne), n. [Fr. sarrasine.] A portcullis, a herse. Sar cas motis (sar-ea§mous,) a. Characterized by or indulging in sarcasm; sarcastic. [Obs.) " A sarcasmous reflection on the House of Com- mons itself."—North: Exameii, p. 144. Nar eel (sftr'^el), n. [Fr. cerceau, from Lat. cir- cellus, dimin. fromcircws.] One of the extreme pinion feathers in a hawk's wings. Sar cle (sar'cle), v. t. (Fr. sarcler, from Lat. sarculo, from sarculum—a weeding tool.] To weed, as corn with a hoe. "As for the warding, or second harrowing."— P Holland: Plinie, bk. xviii., ch. xxi. Nar CO", Sarc (s&r'eo-, sftre), pref. [Gr. os (rhamphos)=& beak.] (Ornith.) Condor, the typical genus of the sub-family Sarcorhamphinse, with two spec- ies, from the Andes of South America, and below 41° S. latitude. Beak large and strong, with fleshy caruncles at base. Nar co sis (sar-eo'sis), n. (Gr., from a-apKoia (sarcoo)=to make fleshy.] [Sarcoma.] (Med.) (a) The formation of flesh, (b) A fleshy tum- or; sarcoma. Nar da chate (sar'da-ehate), n. (Min.) A va- riety of agate, consisting partly of sard. Na ree, Sa ri (sa'ree, sa'ri), n. [Hind.] 1. A cotton fabric used by East-Indian women to wrap about the person.— Simmonds. &. A long scarf of embroidered gauze or silk. Na ri (sa'ri), n. See Saree. Nark ing (sark'ing), n. (Build.) The sheathing of a roof above the rafters, affording a hold for the nails which secure the shingles or slates. Nar men ta ceous (sar'mSn-t&^shus), a. (Bot.) The same as Sarmentose. Nam (sarn), n. A term sometimes used as an oath. Na rong (sa'rtfng), n. [Native name.] A gar- ment worn in the Indian Archipelago. It con - sists of a piece of cloth wrapped round the lower part of the body, that worn by women being deeper than that worn by men. Sa ros (sa rds), n. [East Aramtean.] (Astron.) A Chaldean astronomical period or cycle, the exact length of which has been very much dis- puted. It has been variously estimated from 3,600 days to 3,600 years. [Brande.] Sartorial (sar-to'rl-al), a. [Lat. sartor—a tailor.] Relating or pertaining to a tailor or tailoring. Sa ry (sa'ry), n. The same as Saree. Sash (sash), v. t. To provide with sashes. "The windows were all sashed with the finest crystalline glass."— Lady Mountague: Letters, xlii. Sa sin (sa'sin), n. [Native name.] (Zool.) The common Indian antelope. Antilope bezoartica) or cervicapra). Female destitute of horns, those of the male spiral, wrinkled at the bace, annul- ated in the middle and smooth at the tip. Head small, body light, legs long and slender. Sas san age (sas san-age), n. [Fr. sasser = to sift.] Stones left after sifting. Sas so rol, sas so rol la (s&s'so-rdl, s&s'so- rol7 la), n. [Ital. sasso = a stone, a rock, from Lat. saxum.~) The Rock-pigeon. Sa tan oph an y (sa tan-dph'an-^), n. [Eng. Satan, and Gr. (phaind) = to appear.] An appearance or embodiment of Satan; the con- dition of being possessed by a devil. Sa ti ate (sa; shl-ate), v. t. Syn. — Satiate, Satisfy, Glut, Cloy. That which satisfies gives pleasure; it is what nature demands; and nature, therefore, makes a suitable return; satiety is attended with disgust; it is what appe- tite demands; but appetite is the corruption of nature and produces nothing but evil; glutting is an act of intemperance; it is what the inordinate appetite demands; it greatly exceeds the former in degree, both of the cause and the consequence; cloying is the consequence of glutting. Satiny (sat'in-y),a. Resembling satin; com- posed of satin. "Nothing can be more elegant than the satiny transparency of its folds-"—Globe, Sept. 2, 1885. Sat ire (sat ire), n. Syn.—See Lampoon. Sa tir ic al ness (sa-tir'ie-al-ness), n. The characteristic or state of being satirical. "An ill-natured wit, biassed to satyHcalness— Fuller: Worthies: Somersetshire. Sat is fty (sat'is-fy). v. t. Syn.—See Satiate. Sa trap i eal (sa-tr&p'ic-al), a. Satrapal. Saturate (safu-rate), a. [Lat. saturatus.~\ Completely filled or impregnated; soaked, satur- ated. "Dries his feathers saturate with dew," Cooper: Task, i. 494. Sa tur ni cen trie (sa-tfirni-^Sn^trlc), a. [Eng. Saturn; and centric.] Having the appear- ance as if seen from the centre of the planet Sa- turn. Satyrium (sa-tyr'Wim), n. [Satyrion.] (Bot.) The typical genus of Satyriadae. Sauce (sau^e), n. Pertness, impudence, inso- lence; saucy language. (Colloq. or vulgar.) Sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. A principle applied in one case must be so in all similar cases. (Used as a retort against one who is rigid in laying down the law for others whilst wholly exempting himself from its operation.) Sauce-alone. (Bot,) Sismbryium (Erysimum) Alliaria. A plant used in soups or as a salad. Sauce-boat. A vessel or dish with a lip or spout for holding sauce. Saud (saud), n. The same as Saadh. Saul (saul), n. [Hind, sal, sala, salwa, sakher; Beng. siial.] (Bot.) The saul tree (q. v.). Saul- dammar. (Chem.) Dhara Dammer. The name of a resin collected in the northern parts of Hin- dostan from, the saul-tree. Saul-tree. (Bot.) Shorea robusta, a large gregarious tree, growing in the moist tract along the base of the Hima- layas, also on the Pachmari Hills in Central In- dia, &c. The heart-wood is brown, cross-grained and finely streaked with dark lines. It is difficult to season, but, once seasoned, is unrivalled in elasticity, strength and durability, and is much used in India for railway s eepers, planking rail- ings of bridges, &c. It furnishes a resin. (Cal- cutta Exhib. Report.) Sault (sault), n. [O. Fr. (Fr. saut), from Lat. saltum, accus. of saltus = a leap; salio = to leap. ] A name given to a rapid in some rivers. [ U. S.1 Saun ders blue (saun'derg-blue), n. 1. Ul- tramarine (?) 3. An artificial blue prepared from carbonate of copper. (Weale.) Saun ter (saun'ter), v. i. See Lag. Sau ry (sau'ry), n. (Ichtliy.) Scombresox saury% called also the Skix>per. It is from twelve to eighteen inches long, about an inch in depth, and the jaw has a hinge movement as in Belone. The name is sometimes extended to the whole genus Scombresox. Sail ter elle (sau'ter-elle'7), n. [Fr.] (Stone- working.) A mason's implement, used in tracing and forming angles. Sail terne (sau-terne'), n. [Fr.] A kind of white Bordeaux wine, made from grapes grown mthe neighborhood of Sauternes, in the depart- ment of Gironde. Sav a cou (sav'a-cou), n. [Fr.] (Ornith.) A bird called the boat-bill of the genus Cancroma. Sav age (sav'age), a. Syn. See Ferocious. Sa van na (sa-van'na), n. Savanna-flower. (Bot.) Various species of Echites. (West In- dian. ) Save (save), v. t. To save appearances: To pre- serve a good external appearance; to do some- thing to obviate or prevent exposure or embar- rassment. Save (save), prep & conj. As prep: (From the Fr. sauf% in such phrases as sauf mon droit=my right being reserved.) Except, saving; leaving out; not incl uding. "For brotherless she was, save in the name Her infant friendship had bestow'd on him." Byron: The Dream, 2. conjr. Except, unless. Sav e loy (sav'e-loy), n. [O. Fr. cervelet (Fr. cervelas), from Ital. cervellatta, cervelata=a short thick sausage, so called from originally contain- ing brains, from Ital. cervello; Lat. cerebellums brain.] A highly seasoned dried sausage, made of salted pork. Sav oy ard (sav'oy-ard"), n. [Seedef.] (Geog.) A native or inhabitant of Savoy. Saw (saw), n. Saws may be divided into hand- saws and machine-saws, of which the first are the more numerous. Of hand-saws the most com- monly used are the band-saw, the cross-cut saw, the frame-saw, the hand-saw, the panel-saw, the key-hole saiv, the bow-saw, the ripping-saw, the sash-saw, the tenon-saw, &c., which will be found described in this work under their several heads. Machine saws are divided into circidar^ recip- rocating, and band-saws. The circular-saw is a disc of steel with teeth on its periphery; it is made to revolve at great speed, while the mater- ial to be cut is pushed forward against it by means of a traveling platrorm. The reciprocat- ing-saw works like a two-handled hand-saw, but it is fixed and the material pushed forward against its leeth. The ribbon-saw consists of a thin end- less saw placed over two wheels, and strained on them. It passes down through a flat sawing table, upon which the material to be cut is laid. Saw- buck. [Saw-horse.] Saw-clamp. A contrivanca for holding saws while being filed. Saw-doctor, saw-gummer. An instrument having an angular punch for cutting pieces out of the edge of a saw* blade, to increase the depths of the interdental spaces. Saw-file. A file adapted for saws ; tri- angular in cross-section for hand-saws and flat foi mill-saws. Saw-gin. (Cotton.) The original form of cotton-gin, in which fibres are drawn through the grid or grating by the teeth of a saw. * Saw-grass. (Bot.) Cladium 31ariscus. Saw• guide. A piece with an adjustable fence, which may direct the saw in cross-cutting strips, against which the piece is laid. Saw-gummer. [Saw- doctor.] Saw-ho^se. A kind of rack on which stacks of cord-wood are laid for sawing. Its two ends each form a St. Andrew's cross, and are con- nected by longitudinal stays. Saw-mandrel. A hold-fast for a circular-saw in a lathe. Saw- swage. A form of punch or striker by which the end of a tooth-saw is flattened to give it width and set. Saw-tooth sterrinck. (ZoOl.) The Crab- eating Seal, Lobodon carcinophaga, a seal, olive- colored above, white below, inhabiting the Ant- arctic seas. Its molar teeth are serrate, in which respect it approaches the fossil Zerglodon. Saw- toothed. Having teeth like a saw; surrated. Saw- whet. (Ornith.) The Acadian Owl, Nyctale aca- dica (Bonap.) about eighteen inches long and eighteen in wing expanse; upper parts olivace- ous brown, face and under parts ashy-white. It probably occurs over the whole of temperate America. Sa war ra (sa-war'ra), n. (Bot. & Com.) The wood of Caryocar nuciferum and C. tomentosum. Pekea tuberculosa, a tree of South America; pro* duces the Sawarra nut. Saw der (saw'der), n. [A corrupt, of solder.} Blarney, flattery; as soft-sawder. Saw ney (saw ney), n. A dolt, a block-head. Sax liorn (sax'h6rn), n. [Named after the in- ventor, Charles Joseph Sax (1791-1865), a cele- Notation: a, 6,1, 0, a, y, long; a, e,!, 6, ti, y, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fSr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; £ as in linger, link; tii as in thine. £4F*0n tMs page will be found all new words; also all words in the latost editions of both Webber's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SAXIFRAGANT 698 SCATTER-BRAIN brated Belgian musical-instrument maker, wkos© work in the improvement of brass instruments was carried on by his son, Antoine Joseph (born 1814).] (Mus.) The name given to a group of six or more brass instruments with valves, invented by Sax. In 1845 he patented the sax-horn, a new kind of bugle, and the saxotromba (a family of cylinder instruments intermediate between the saxhorn and the oylinder trumpet). They have a wide mouthpiece and three, four, or five cylin- ders, so that each horn is capable of playing all the notes of its scale without difficulty. The chief are the soprano in f, e flat, or d, the con- tralto in c and b flat, the tenor (Althorn) in f and e flat, the Barytone, or Euphonium in c and b flat, the bass (Bombardon, Contra Bombardon) in f and e flat, and the contra-bass or circular bass in B flat. Called also Saxotrombas and Sax tubas. Sax if ra gant (sax-if'ra-gant), a. Breaking or destroying stone; saxifragous, lithotritic. [.Rare.] Sax on (s&x'on), a. Saxon-architecture. The style of architecture in use in England from the time of its conversion till the Conquest. It is easily recognized by its massive columns and semicircular arches, which usually spring from capitals without the intervention of the entabla- ture. Sax o phone (sax'o-phone), n. {Mus.) A brass musical instrument with a single reed and a clar- inet mouthpiece. The body of the instrument is a parabolic cone of brass with a set of keys. The * saxophones are seven in number, the sopranino, soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, barytone, bass, and double-bass. The compass of each is nearly the same. It is of great value in military combinations; in the orchestra, except to replace the bass clarinet, it is all but unknown. Sax tu ba (s&x^ta'ba), n. See Saxhorn. Say er (say'er), n. One who says or utters; an utterer. Sa yette (sa-yStte'), n. [Fr. sayete=say; Sp. sayete—a light, thin stuff.] A mixed fabric of silk and wool; sagathy. Say man, Say mas ter (say'man, say^mas'- ter), n. [An abbreviation of assay-man or assay- master.] One who makes trial or assay; an assay- master. [O&s.] "If your Lordship in anythin g shall make me your sayman, I will hurt before your Lordship shall be hurt."—Bacon: Letter to the Earl of Buckingham. Scab (scab), w. 1. A workman who refuses to join in a strike, and who continues at his work as usual. [Slang.] 2. ( Veg. Pathol.) A disease in potatoes, whioh produces pits, often containing an olive-green dust on the tubers. If is produced by a species of Turbicinia. Scab ble (peftb'ble), v.t. [Etym. doubtful.] (Ma- son.) To dress, as a stone, with a fine axe or broad chisel (called in England a boaster and in Scotland a drove), after pointing or broaching, and before the finer dressing. Also written Scap- ple. Scab bling (seftb'bling^p.a. Scabbling-hammer. (Mason.) A mason's tool used in reducing stone to a surface. It has two somewhat pointed ends, wherewith the stone is picked. Sea bi es (sca'bi-es), n. [Lat.] Scab, mange, itch. Scab ling (scabbing), n. A chip or fragment of stone. Scat* fold (scaffold), n. Scaffolcl-bracket. An implement to form a footing for a board to sup- port a person in roofing. Scaffold-pole. A stand- ard for a scaffold. Sea la (sea'la), n. [Lat.=a ladder, a staircase.] 1. (Anat.): A passage. 2. (Surg.): A surgical instrument formerly used for reducing dislocation. Scala media. (Anat.) A tubular expansion in the cochlea of the ear, between the scala vestibuli and the scala cochleae. It constitutes a key-board, the keys of which are formed by the extremities of the auditory nerve. Scala tympani. (Anat.) The superior spiral passage of the cochlea. Scala vestibuli. (Anat.) The inferior spiral passage of the cochlea. Sea la ri a (sea-la'ri-a), n. [Lat. scalaria (pi. of f scalare) = a flight of stairs.] (Zo&l.) Wentle- trap, Ladder - shell; a genus of Turritellidaa (Woodward)', according to Tate, the sole genus (with three sub-genera) of Scalariadse, a family of Holostomata. Shell solid, varices irregular, whorls generally cancellated. About a hundred species are known, widely distributed, mostly tropical Scald-11 sh (seald'fish), n. (Ichthy.) Rhombus arnoglossus, a fish of the turbot family. Scale (scale), n. 1. The hard deposit which gathers on the inside of ves sels in which water is habitually heated, as in a boiler. 2. The film of oxide which forms on the sur- face of iron or other metal when heated. 3. A metallic plate worn instead of an epaulet toy soldiers. 4. One of the side plates of iron or brass which form the main portion of a pocket-knife handle, and to which the sides of ivory, bone, wood, &c., are riveted. Scale-armor. Armor composed of small plates of steel, &c., partly overlapping each other like the scales of a fish. Scale-backs. (Zool.) The family Aphroditidfe. Scale-board, (a) A thin veneer of wood, used for covering the surface of wooden articles of furniture; as backing for pic- tures, looking-glasses and very many other pur- poses. (6) (Print.) A thin slip of wood, used for extending pages of type to the proper length, filling out matter, &c. Scale-stone. Tabular spar. Scale (scale), n. [Lat. scala, a ladder.] Drawn to scale. Drawn proportionally. Scale of series. In algebra, a succession of terms, by the aid of which any term of a recurring series may be found, when a sufficient number of preceding ones are given. Scale of longitudes. A scale used for determining graphically the number of miles in a degree of longitude in any latitude. Scale- micrometer. A linear micrometer. Seal ins (scaling), n. 1. The act or process of stripping scales off; the act or state of sepa- rating and coming off in scales of thin laminse. 2. (Metall.) A preliminary process in the manufacture of tin plate. The rectangular plates are bent so as to stand when placed on edge, pickled in dilute muriatic acid, heated in a furnace to remove the scale, cooled, flattened on an anvil and rolled cold. 3. (Naut.) A term formerly applied to the process of adjusting sights to the guns on ship- board. Scaling-bar. (Steam.) A rod for detaching scale in boilers. Scaling-furnace. (Metall.) A reverberatory furnace in which plates are ex- posed in the process of scaling. Scaling-hammer. (Steam.) A hammer with an edge peen, used in loosening scale formed in steam-boilers. Seall (scall), a. Mean, paltry, low. [06s.] "To be revenge on this same scall, scurvy, cogging companion."—Shakesp.: Merry Wives, iii. 2. Seal lop (skftl'lup), n. A kind of dish in shape of a scallop shell, for baking oysters in. Seal loped (skdl'lupt), a. Scalloped (or scol- loped) oysters. Oysters baked with bread- crumbs, cream, pepper, salt, nutmeg, and a lit- tle butter. The cooking was originally per- formed in a scallop-shell, and afterwards in a dish called a scallop. Seal pri form (scal'pri-ffirm), a. [Lat. scalprum = a knife, and forma = form, shape.] 1. Chisel- shaped. 2. (Compar. Anat.) A term applied to the chisel-shaped incisors of the Rodents which John Hunter grouped under the name Scalprisdentata; but these teeth, though common to all the Ro- dentia, are not confined to them; they are pres- ent in the Wombat, the genus Cheiromys, and in many of the Soricidse. "The law of the unlimited growth of the seal- priform incisors is unconditional, and constant exercise and abrasion are required to maintain the normal and servicable form and proportion of these teeth."—Owen: Odontography, i. 411. Sea mil lus f sca-mil lus), [pi. sea mil li (sea- mil'li)], n. [Lat., dimin. from scamnum = a bench, a step, from scando = to climb.] (Anc. Arch.) A small plinth below the bases of Ionic and Corinthian columns. It was not ornamented with any kind of molding. Scamp er (seamp'er), n. A hasty flight or es- cape; a running away in haste; a hasty excursion. Scamp hood (seamp'hood), n. Scampishness. "A fine talent too, but tending toward scamp- hood."—Carlyle: Reminiscences, i. 205. Scamp ish (scampish), a. Pertaining to or like a scamp: knavish, roguish. . „ "The two scampish occulists." — DeQuincy; Spanish Nun, § 23. Scamp ish ly (sc&mp'ish-l^), adv. In a scamp- ish manner; like a scamp. Scampishness (seamp'Ish-nSss), n. The quality or state of being scampish; knavery, roguery. Scandal (sc&n'dal), n. 1. (Law) (a) The use of malicious, scandalous and slanderous words, to the damage and derogation of the good name of another. (6) An irrelevant and abusive state- ment introduced into a bill or any pleading in an action. 2. In Marseilles, a wine measure containing three and one-half gallons. (Simmonds.) Scan dinavian (scan'di-na^vi-an), a. [Se® def.] (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Scandinavia, under which name were comprehended the king- doms of Norway and Sweden, and Denmark; per- taining or relating to the language or literature of this portion of Europe, including Iceland. Scan di na vi an (sean'di-na'M-an), n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia. 2. The language spoken by the Scandinavi- ans, including Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic. The literary remains of the Icelandic language go back to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Sean so ri al (se&n-so'ri-al), n. Lat. scansorius, from scansor = a climber.] A bird belonging to the order Scansores. Scansorial-barbets. ( Ornith.) The sub-family Capitoninae, now often elevated to a family. Scant (scant), n. Scarcity, deficiency, scanti- ness. "Like the ant In plenty hoard for time of scant." Carew: Persuasions to Love. Scape wheel (seape'wheel), n. (Horol.) The wheel in an escapement whose teeth escape one at a time from the pallets. Scap i form (seap'l-fOrm), a. (Bot.) In the form of a scape; scape-like. Scap n lar (seap'a-lar), n. (Surg.) A bandage for the shoulder-blade. Scar (sear), n. (Bot.) The mark left on a branch where a leaf has fallen off. Scar a moucli (sear^a-mouch7), n. A term used for a poltroon and braggadocio. Scarce (scarce), a. Syn.—See Rare. Scarce ment (scftr^e'ment), n. [Fr.] (Build.) A ledge or footing formed by the setting back of a wall; a set-back in the building of walls, or in raising banks of earth. Scarf (scarf), n. 1. (Carp.) A joint uniting two pieces of timber endwise. The ends of each are beveled off, and projections are sometimes made in the one corresponding to concavities in the other, or a corresponding cavity in each re- ceives a joggle; the two are held together by bolts, and sometimes also by straps. 2. (Metall.) The flattened or chamfered edges of iron prepared for welding. The two surfaces being drawn out or cut obliquely, a larger con- tact is given to them, which strengthens the joint. Scarf-bolt. (Shipwright.) A bolt used by ship-builders for securing the false keel. Scarf- joint. The same as Scarf (1). Scarf (scarf), v. t. [Sw. skarfva = to join to- gether, to piece out, from skarf = a scarf, a seam, a joint; Dan. skarre = to scarf, to join; Icel. sk&r = a rim, an edge, a scarf.] (Carp.) To cut or form a scarf on; to join by means of a scarf. "In the joining of the stern, where it was scarfed."—Anson: Voyage, bk. ii., ch. vii. Scar less (sc&r'ISss), a. Without a scar; free from scars. Scar let (sear7let), a. Scarlet-fish. A name given to the Telescope-carp from its brilliant red color. Scarlet-ibis (Grnith.): ibis rubra% from tropical America. It is a beautiful bird, with plumage or intense scarlet, but in Europe the birds become paler at each successive moult. Scarlet-lychnis. (Bot.): lychnis chalcedonica, a border plant, in- troduced from Russia. Scarlet-maple, (Bot.) Acer rubrum. Scarlet-runner, scarlet-bean^ (Bot.) Phaselous Multiflorous. Scarlet-seed, (Bot.) (1.) Ternstromia obovalis. (2.) Loetia Thamnia. Scar• let-sumach, (Bot.) Rhus glabra. Scarlet-tanager^ (Ornith.) Pyranga rubra^ a summer visitant to the United States, retiring southwards in winter. The popular name is derived from the prevailing hue of the summer plumage of the male. Scarlet (sear'let), v.t. 1. To make scarlet; to redden. [-Rare.] 2, To clothe in scarlet. [O&s.] "Pylyoned and Scarletted." Harl. Miscell.% Ai. 442. Scarp (seftrp), v.t. To cut down like a scarp or slope; to cut down perpendicularly. "In other places artificially scarped into a beet- ling crag."—Daily Telegraph, Dec. 4, 1885. Scar ry (sear'ry), a. 1. Resembling or having scars or precipices. [Prov. Eng.] 2. Pertaining to or resembling a scar or scare; having or exhibiting scars; scarred. Scat (scat), interg. Get out; leave; away. Used to drive a cat away. Scathe (scathe), v. t. To damage; to scath. Scath ly (seath'ly), a. Hurtful, injurious. [06s.] Seat ter-brain (sc&t'ter-brain), n. [Eng. scat- ter and brain.] A giddy or thoughtless person; Notation: a, 6,1, 0, tt, y, long: a, e, I, 6, u, y, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, r^de, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; ?h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; s as gz; n as in linger, link; Hi as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SCAITPER 699 SCOKE one who is incapable of settled or concentrated thought. Scaup er (scaup7 er), n. [Prob. for scalper.'] (Engrav.) A tool with a semicircular face, used by engravers to cut away the spaces between the lines of an engraving, as with a chise'. Scaur (scaur), n. [Scar.] A cliff, a scar; a pre- cipitous bank overhanging a river. "Scale the scaur that gleams so red."—Blackie: Lays of Highlands, p. 98. Scav en ger (seav'en-ger), n. [See def.] A corruption of the name of Sir W. Skevington, Lieutenant of the Tower in the reign of Henry VIII., by whom the instrument of torture called after him was invented. Scavenger''s-clauyhter, an instrument of torture consisting of a broad hoop of iron which so compressed the body as to force the blood from tho ears and nose, and some- times even from the hands and feet. See les tic (s^e-lSs tic), a. [Lat. scelestus= wicked, from scelus, genit. sceleris wickedness.] Wicked, atrocious. [06s.] Feltham: Resolves, pt. i., res. 5. Scene (s^ene), v. t. To exhibit; to make a scene or exhibition of; to set out; to display. [06s.] "Our food is plainer, but eaten with a better appetite; our course of employment and action the very same, only not scened so illustriously, nor set off with so good company and conversa- tion.—Sancroft: Letters, ii. 17. Scene ful (s^ene'ful), a. Abounding in scenes, scenery, or imagery. Scene man (s^ene'man), n. A scene-shifter. Seep sis (sep sis), n. Skepticism; skeptical, principles or philosophy. Scliali (§chah), n. the same as Shah. Schecl tile (schedule), n. Syn. See List. Sclieele's green (s^heeleVgreen) n. (Chern.) Acid arsenite of copper. A brilliant grass-green pigment, obtained by dissolving in boiling water a mixture of arsenious acid and potassic carbon- ate, filtering, and adding to the solution, whilst warm, a solution of sulphate of copper. It is ex- tremely poisonous. Seheel ite (s^heeHte), n. [After the Swedish chemist Scheele; Fr. scheelin calcaire; Ger. scheel- erz, scheelspath, scheelit.] (Min.) A mineral crystallizing in octahedra of the tetragonal sys- tem, hemihedral; also reniform and massive. Hardness, 4*55; sp. gr. 5*9 to 6*076; lustre, some- what adamantine; color, white, variously tinted, brownish; transparent to translucent; brittle. Compos.: lime, 19'4; tungstic acid, 80'6=100. Found associated with tin ore and many other minerals. Scheel it ine (s^heel'It-ine), n. (Min.) The same as Stolzite (q. v.). Sclieer er ite (ssheer'er-iUj, n. [After Captain Scheerer% the finder. (Min.) A monoclinic min- eral occurring in thin tabular or acicular crystals, also granular. Soft; sp. gr. 1 to 1*2; lustre, pear- ly to resinous; color, when pure, whitish to gray: transparent to translucent; tasteless; soluble in alcohol and ether. Compos.: carbon, 73; hydro- gen, 24=97, or, as suggested by Dana because of the imperfect analysis, carbon, 75; hydrogen. 25 = 1(J0, the polymere of marsh-gas. Found ia lig- nite at Uzmach, Switerland, and near Manchester, Eagland. Sehe ma (schema), n. [Gr.] [Scheme.] (Metaph.) Kant's name for a mediating factor rendering possible the application of the cate- gories to phenomena. Such a factor he found in Time, since Time is, as a form, a priori, homo- geneous with the categories, and, as a form of the sensibility with phenomena. "The Schemata, in the order of the categories (quantity, quality, relation, morality) are founded on the seri il nature of time, the contents of time, the order of time, and on time as a whole. The schema of reality is being in time, and that of ne- gation is not being in time. The schema of sub- stance is the persistence of the real in time; that of causality is regular succession in time; that of community, or the reciprocal causality of sub- stances in respect of their accidents, is the simul- taneous existence of the qualifications of the one substance with those of the other, following a universal rule. The schema of possibility is the agreement of the synthesis of diverse represent- ations with the universal conditions of time, and hence the determination of the representation of a thing as associable with some particular time; the schema of actuality is existence in a definite time, and that of necessity is existence at all times."—Ueberweg: Hist. Philos. (Eng. ed.), ii. 171. „ Scheme (scheme), n. Syn. See Plan. Scheme ful (scheme'ful), a. Full of schemes, plans, or tricks. Seller bet (scher'bet), n. Sherbet. Scherz ail do (skert-san'do), adv. [Ital.] (Mus.) In a playful, lively, or sportive manner. Scherz O (skertso)n. [Ital.] (Mus.) A term (meaning literally a joke) applied to a move- ment in a sonata or symphony of a sportive play ful^ character. Sche sis (ske'sis), n. (Rhet.) A statement of what is considered to be the adversary's habitude of mind, by way of argument against him. Schet ic, schet ic al (sch&t'lc, schet'lc-al), a. [Gr (sc/ie/ifcos).J Of or pertaining to the state of the body; constitutional; habitual. [06s.] Scliie clam (ske'dam), n. [See def.] Hollands gin. So called from Schiedam, a town where it is principally manufactured. Schism (sizm), n. Syn.—See Heresy. Schist ic (shist'Ik), a. The same as Schistose. Scliiz-, Schiz o (schiz-, schlz'o), pref. [Pref. crx(schizo)=to cleave.] Marked by a cleft or clefts; denoting a cleft. Schiz o pod (schiz'o-p6d), n. [Schizopoda.] One of the Schizopoda (q. v.) Schi zop O da (schi-ztip'o-da), n. pi. [Pref. schizo-. and Gr. 7rov? (pous.), genit. no8o<; (podos) = a foot.] (ZoOl.) An old name for the Mysidse. Schlick (shlik), n. See Slick. Schnaps, Schnapps (shn&ps), n. [Ger. schnapps=a dram.] A dram of Hollands gin or other ardent spirit. Schol ar (schdl'ar), n. Syn.—Scholar, Pupil. A scholar is one who receives instruction; a pupil not only receives instruction, but is under the immediate care and government of the in- structor hence we speak of an apt scholar, and an obedient pupil. Fallows' Synonyms Discrimin- ated. Schol ar ly (schdl'ar-l^), adv. In the manner of a scholar; befitting a scholar. "Speak scholarly and wisely."— Shakesp: Merry Wives of Windsor, i. 3. School (school), n. Common school: In the United States, the name for a primary or elemen- tary school, supported by a general rate. High school: An indefinite term, generally supposed to mean a school where a rather superior educa- tion is given; usually the chief public school in a town. Normal school: [Normal.] Parochial schools: In Scotland, schools established in ac- cordance with legislative enactments in different parishes, for the purpose of providing cheap education for the masses. They are now called public schools, and the management of them has been transferred to the school-boards. Public schools: In England, a name of indefinite appli- cation given to certain schools, such as Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, Westminster, &c., which are attended by a large number of pupils, mostly sons of persons of rank and wealth. Schools of the Prophets: See Prophet. Ragged schools: SeeJRAGGED-scHOOLS. School (school), n. [A variant of shoal.'] A shoal; a compact body; applied to a collective body of fishes. "Schools of porpoises broke the surface."— Field, Sept. 4, 1886. Schor lous (schOr'lotis), a. Pertaining to or possessing the properties of schorl; containing or resembling schorl. Schorlous-topaz. Schorlite. Schor ly (schOr'ly), a. Schoilous. Schreight (skret), n. A species of fish. Schrode (schrode), n. See Scrode. Sci a graph (s^Va-grSph), n. [Sciagraphy.] The section of a building to show its inside. Schi am a chy (sgi-am'a-chy), n. The same as Schiomachy. Sci,at ic al ly (s^i-at'ic-al-ly), adv. With, or on account of sciatica. Sci ence (s^Ven^e), n. Syn.—Science, Liter- ature, Art.—Science is, literally, knowledge, but usually denotes knowledge according to sys- tem. Science embraces those branches of knowl- edge of which the subject is ultimate principles, or facts as explained by principles, or laws ar- ranged in natural order. Literature is usually confined to the belles-lettres. Art is the applica- tion of knowledge to practice. As science con- sists of speculative principles, so art is a system of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions. Arts are divided into two classes, the useful, mechanical, or industrial arts, and the liberal, polite, or fine arts. The former are called trades; the latter have to do with imagina- tion and design, as poetry, painting, sculpture, designing and the like. Sci ence (sci ence), v.t. To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct. [Rare.] "Deep scienc'd in the mazy love Of mad philosophy." Francis: Horace; Odes, i. 34. Scin coid i an (sin-eoid'l-an), n. (ZoOl.). One of the saurians. Scintilla (sgln'til-la), n. [Lat.=a spark.] A spark, a glimmer, a tittle; the least particle; as, There is not a scintilla of evidence against him. Scin til la tion scin/til-la//tion), n. 1. The twinkling or tremulous motion of the light of the fixed stars. "They seemed io emulate so many little stars in a cloudless but dark night, and continued this scintillation longer than one would have expect- ed."—Boyle: TTorfcs, iv. 474. 2. A flash, a spark. "Some scintillations of Promethean fire.'* Cowper: To his Father. [Trans.] Scin til lous (sgin'tll-lous), a. Scintillant. [Rare. J Sci Oil (sgVon), n. [Fr. scion=a scion, a shoot, a twig, from scier=to cut, to saw, from Lat. seco = to cut.] 1. A shoot or twig, especially one taken for the purpose of being grafted upon some other tree for planting; a cutting. " [The elder tree] will grow scions and impes even as the poplar."—P. Holland: Pliny% bk. vi., ch. xx. i&. A descendant, a child, an heir. Sci op tic, Sci op trie (sScoop-wheel. A form of the tympanum water- wheel in which the buckets are so curved as to scoop up the water into which they dip, raising a portion of the same and conducting it toward or int«the ax^s, where it is discharged. Scoop (scoop), v. t. 1. To collect together, as by scooping; to scrape together. (Generally fol- lowed by up.) "The government, instead of laboriously scooping up> supplies from numerous petty sources."—Macaulay; Hist. Eng., ch. xx. 2. To deprive of, as of money by gambling, and the like; as, he completely scooped him. [Colloq. and low. J Scoot (scoot), v. i. [Prob. a variant of scowf.l To run hastily; to scamper away. [Vulgar. U. S.J "Ye'd jest orter seen them fellers scoot fur the cedars."—Scribner's Magazine, Jan. 1880, p. 332. Score (score), n. 1. An account or register of numbers generally; especially the number of points or runs made by a player in certain games. "-was batting for five hours and a half for his score of 113"—Field, June 26, 1886. 2. {Naut.) The groove around a block or a dead-eye for the strapping, shroud, or back- stay. The holes in the block are for the lan- yard. 3. A weight equivalent to twenty pounds. [Prov. Eng.] Score (score), v. t. 1. To make a score of; to win; to cause to be registered to one's account, as, points, hits, &c., in a game. "They were unable to score even a single goal." —Field, Jan. 28, 1882. 2. To enter, register, or set down as a debtor. (Generaly with up.) 3. (Geol.) To scratch or mark with paralel lines, said of certain rocks in New England and the Western States. Dana. Scor er (scOr'er), n. 1. One who scores or keeps a score or reckoning, as in a cricket or other match. "The umpires were stationed behind the wick- ets; the scorers were prepared to notch the runs." —Dickens: Pickwick, ch. vii. 2, {Wood.) An instrument for marking tim- ber. It has two scoop-shaped tools, one for straighc lines, the other adapted to revolve on a pivot for arcs or circles. With these readable figures are made to number logs, &c. 3. {Joinery.) An instrument employed to cut transversely the face of a board, to enable it to be planed without slivering. Sco ri ac (seO'ri-ac) a. Scoriaceous. "As the scoriac rivers that roll."—Poe; Ula- lume. Scorn (scOrn), v. t. Syn. Scorn, Despise, Con- temn, Disdain. These terms all express a feel- ing of dislike, coupled with a seuse of one's own superiority to a person or object. Contemn is less frequently used than phrases into which it enters, as to show or feel contempt. We are not commonly said to contemn individuals, but ob- jects, qualities, character, and the like. Hence there is a moral element inherent in contemn, which does not of necessity belong to despise. The n aturally proud mail despises his inferiors. Despise, ho wever, often stands as the verb, to which the noun contempt (instead of despite) be- longs. Contemn lends itself, as the others do not, to a collective expression of feeling. Society contemns, but does not disdain, or despise, or scorn. Scorn and disdain are used in stronger senses than contemn and despise. Yet they are not used toward persons, though their conjugate nouns are. We do not say "He scorned him," but "He scorned his efforts or threats;" nor "I disdain you," but "I disdain your acts, words, insinuation?, character," and the like. Yet we should say "He was treated with scom," or "re- garded with disdain." Scorpio (se6r'pi-o), n. (Astron.) (a) The eighth zodaical constellation. It is bounded on the north by Ophiuchus and Serpens, on the south by Lupus, Norma, and Ara, on the east by Sagittarius, and on the west by Libra. It is a small but very brilliant constellation, espec- ially when seen from places south of the equator. It contains Antares (q. v.) or Cor Scorpii (aScorpii), of the first magnitude, and Iklil, or |8 Scorpii, of the second magnitude. (b) The eighth sign of the zodiac (til), which the sun enters about Oct. 23. Scorpion (seOr'pl-on), n. {Old war.) A mil- itary engine formerly used, chiefly in the de- fence of a castle or town. It resembles the bal- ista in form, consisting of two beams bound to- gether by ropes, from the middle of which rose a third beam, called the stylus, so disposed as to be pulled up and let down at pleasure. On the top of this were fastened iron hooks, whereon a sling of iron or hemp was hung fos throwing stones. Scotch (sedtch), a. Scotch-terrier. {ZoOl.) A breed of dogs, with large head, short stout legs, and long, rough, shaggy hair. The colors of the pure breed are black and fawn, and they are sel- dom over fourteen inches in height. Schotch- thistle. {Bot.) (a) Carduus lanceolatus {Wor- cester); {b) Carduus nutans {Prior); (c) Ono- pordum Acanthium, English border, {Britten & Holland. Scotchman (sedtch'man), n. A native of Scot- land; a Scot, a Scotsman. Scots (scots), a. Scotch, Scottish. Scotticize (sedtti-le (s&m'ble), v. i. (Law) Used imper- sonally, generally in the abbreviated form, sem% or semb = it seems, and commonly prefixed to a point of law (not necessary to be decided in the case), which has not been directly settled, but on which the court indicates its opinion. Sem e ( sa'ma" ) [Fr. = sown. J ( Her.) A term employed to describe a field or charge powdered or strewn over with figures, as stars, billets, crosses, &c. (Called also Powdered.) Se mei og ra pliy (se'mel-6g//ra-phy), n. [Gr. a-rjixelov (semeion) — a sign, a mark, and ypd(f)(o (grapho) = to write.] The doctrine of signs; specif., in pathology, a description of the marks or symptoms of disease. Se mei o log ie al (se'rnel-o-ldg^Ie-al), a. Per- taining or relating to semeiology; specif., per- taining to the symptoms of disease. Se mei ot ics (se'mel-df'lcsJ, n. 1. The doc- trine or science of signs; the language of signs; semeiology. 2. (Pathol.) The branch of medical science which investigates the symptoms of disease; symptomatology, semeiology. Semen (se'm^n), n. [Lat. = seed, from the name root as sero — to sow.] (Bot.) The seed of plants, or the matured ovule. Semen-contra. See Semen cine. Se men cine (se-mSn^lne), n. [Lat. semen — seed, and cynce, genit. of cyna = an Arabian tree producing cotton.] (Pharm.) A strong aro- matic drng imported from Aleppo and Barbary. It is supposed to consist of the leaves, broken peducles, and unexpanded flowers of various Ar- temisias. Called also Wormwood and Semen- contra. Sem i (sSm'l), pref. Semi-barbaric. Semi-bar- barous; partially civilized. Semi-barbarism. The quality or state of being only partially civilized. Semi-barbarous. Half-civilized. Ser\ii-brief. A semibreve. [Rare.] Semi-concious. Half or partially conscious. Semi-diurnal, (a) relating to or completed in half a day or twelve hours; continuing for half a day. (b) (Of an arc.) Tra- versed in half the time a heavenly body is above the horizon. Semi-fable. A mixture of truth and fable; half truth, half fable. Semi-fidel. Scepti- cal, but not infidel. (Soutliey: Doctor, ch. xv.) [Rare.] Semi-god. A demigod. Semi-grand. Applied to a pianoforte having the shape and movement of a grand, but posessing only two strings to a note. Semi-minim. (Mus.) Haifa minim; a crotchet. Semi-mute, (a) Applied to a person, who, owing to a loss of the sense of hearing, has lost also to a great extent the facul- ty of speech, or who, owing to congenital deaf- ness, has never perfectly acquired that faculty. (b) A semi-mute person. Semi-Norman. (Arch.) Of or relating to a style of Gothic architecture prevalent, according to Bloxham, about a. d. 1140-1200. "The west doorway is also of semi-Norman character; the arch is pointed, the face is en- riched with the zigzag and semi-hexagonal moldings, and the shafts of the jambs are banded and have capitals of stiffly-sculptured foliage"— Gloxham: Gothic Architecture, p. 151. Semi-nude. Partially nude; half-naked. Semi- parabola. (Math.) A curve of such a nature that the powers of its ordinates are to each other 'as the next lower power of its abscissas. Semi- recondite. Half hidden or concealed; specif, in entomology, of the head of an insect when half- hidden in the thorax. Semi-sospiro. (Mus.) A quaver rest. Semi-tangent. In spherical projec- tion, the tangent of half an arc. Semi-tendinose. (Anat.) Half tendinous. (Used of the semi- tendinosus muscle arising from the tuberosity of the ischium and decending the back of the thigh.) About its middle it is traversed by a thin, oblique, tendinous intersection. Semi-ten- dinosus. Semi-tendinose. Semi-terete. Half-terete. Sem o lei la (sGrn'o-lSfla), n. The same as Semolina. Sem per vi vum (s$m'per-vi//vtim), n. [Lat. semper = always, and vivus = living, alive. Named from their tenacity of life.] (Bot.) House-leek; a genus of CrassulesB. Succulent herbs or undershrubs. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, a, y, long; &, I, ii, y, short; cftre, far, l&st, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; f&rl, ry.de, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; Qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, liijk; th as in thine. ffflF'On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SEMUNCIA 705 SEPTENTRIO Se mun ci a (se-mun'cl-a), n. [Lat. semi = half, and xincia = an ounce.] A small Roman coin of the weight of four drachms, being the twenty-fourth part of the Roman pound. Sen ate (sen7ate), n. Senate-chamber. The chamber or hall in which the Senate meets. Sen ato ri ous (sena-to^ri-ous), a. Senator- ial. [Ofrs.J Sen e ea (sen'e-ea), n. [For etym. and def. see compound.] Seneca-oil. (Miti.) A petro- leum found at Cuba, Alleghany Co., New York, Also occurs on the surface of Seneca Lake, but it is uncertain whether the name arose from this fact, or because it was collected and sold by the Seneca-Indians. {Dana.) Seneca-root, n. The same as Senega., (q. v.). Sen e ga, sen e ka (s6n'e-ga, sSn'e-ka), n. [Seneca.] (Pharm.) The dried root of Poly- gala Senega, the Rattlesnake-root. It is a stim- ulant, expectorant, diuretic, and emmenagogue, and, in large doses, emetic and cathartic. It is given in chronic affections of the lungs, in func- tional derangement of the heart, in dropsy, amenorrhcea, and dysmenorrhea. Senescent (se-nes'gent), a. [Lat. senescens.] Growing old; advancing in age. "Senescent spinsters and dowagers." Sou they: The Doctor, ch. cxci. Sen es clial ship (sen'e-shal-ship), n. The office or post of seneschal. Sen ior ize (s6n yur-ize), v. i. To exercise lordly authority; to signorize. [06s.] Senna (sen'na), n. Wild senna. (Bot.) A plant (Cassia Marilanclica) native to the United States. Its leaves are often used as those of the officinal senna. Sen liacliy (s&i'na-chjr), n. The same as Sean- nachie. Sen net (sgn'net), n. [Etym. doubtful; pro- bably either from Lat. signum = a sign, or con- nected with sept em — seven.] (Mus.) (a) A word chiefly occurring in the stage directions of the old plays indicating the sounding of a note seven times, (b) A flourish consisting of a phrase made of the open notes of a trumpet or other tube- instrument. Sen nit (sSn'nlt), n. 1. A coarse, hempen yarn. 2. Blaited straw or palm-leaf slips for hats, &c. Sen sate (sSn'sate), v. t. To perceive or appre- hend by the senses; to have perception or knowledge of as an object of the senses. 44 As those of the one are sensated by the ear, so those of the other are by the eye."—Hooke: Hist. Royal Society, iii. 2. Sensation (sen-sa'tion), ' n. (Physiol.) The peculiar property of the nervous system in a state of activity, by which impressions are con- veyed to the brain or sensorium. When an im- pression is made on any portion of the bodily surface by contact, heat, electricity, or any other agent, the mind is rendered conscious of this by sensation. In this process there are three stages —reception of the impression at the end of the sensory nerve, the conduction of it along the nerve truni to the sensorium, and the change it excites in the sensorium itself, through which is produced sensation. Syn.—Sensation, Percep- tion. The perceiving of something external by the mind through the senses is called sensation. Perception is a term of which the use varies with philosophers. Its older use was nearly identical with that of consciousness. It has of late been narrowed to the faculty whereby we acquire knowledge, and especially through the senses, of the external world. With others perception and sensation are confounded; while with others, again, sensation is physical, and perception that operation of the mind in regard to external things which follows and is based upon sensa- tion. Sen sa tion al (sSn-sa'tion-al), a. 1. Having sensation; serving to convey sensation; sen- tient. 2. Pertaining or relating to, or implying sen- sation or perception by the senses; sensational- ist. "Asa contribution to philosophy, the labours of the sensational school have mainly an indirect value."—G, H. Lewes: Hist. Philos., (ed. 1880), ii. 395. Sen sa tion al ism (s&n-sa'tion-al-lsm), n. 1. Sensational writing or language. "The most painful of all social questions be- fore sensationalism ever thought of taking it up."—Daily Telegraph, Sept. 11, 1885. 2. (Philos.) The doctrine that knowledge is the outcome of sensation, that Psychology is a branch of the wider science of Biology, and Mind but one aspect of Life. This teaching flourished, chiefly in France, in the eighteenth century, whence Sensationalism is sometimes called Eighteenth-century Philosophy. Its pre- cursor was Hobbes [Hobbism], \\rhom Condillac (1715-80) followed and amplified, attributing a sensuous origin to faculties as well as to ideas. Hartley (1705-57) and Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802) in England and de Tracy (1754-1836) and Cabanis (1757 - 1808) in France, also endeavored to establish a physiological basis for mental phen- omena. "Here is stated, in tne broadest manner, the principle of sensationalism. It is in direct antag- onism to the doctrine of Descartes, that there are innate ideas; in direct antagonism to the old doc- trine of the spirituality of Mind."—G. H. Lewes: His. Philos. (ed. 1880), ii. 231. Sense (sense), n. In all sense: In every respect. "You should, in all sense, be bound to him. Shakespeare: Merhcant of Venice, v. 1. To take the sense of the meeting: To ascertain the opinion or views of a meeting by putting a question to the vote. Syn. Sense, Reason, Understanding. Sense signifies in general the faculty of feeling or perceiving mentally. It is that primitive position of the mind which renders an account of things. Reason is the power of thinking consecutively; the power of passing in mental review all the facts and principles bearing on a subject, and, after carefully considering their bearings, draw- ing conclusions in many cases conformable with truth. Understanding is that faculty whereby we are enabled to 'apprehend the obljects of knowledge, generals as well as particulars, absent things as well as present, and to judge of their truth or falsehood, good or evil. Sen si bil i ty (sSn'sl-biFl-ty), n. Syn.—See Taste. Sen si ble (s^n'-sl-ble), a. Syn.—Sensible, In- telligent. That is sensible which is character- ized by sense, judgment, or reason; as, a sensible act, sensible advice: a sensible man, is one who possesses common sense. Intelligent denotes having a quick understanding of things; as an intelligent child. The sensible man deals with practical matters; the intelligent with intel- lectual subjects. — Fallows' Synonyms Discrim- inated. Sens ism (sgns'Tsm), n. (Metaph.); The same as Sensationalism (q.v.). Sen si tiz er (sen^sl-tiz'er), n. (Photog.): Any substance added to a photographic material to increase or alter its sensitiveness to light. Sen si torn e ter (s<3n/s]-t6m//e-ter), n. [Eng. sensitive); o connect., and meter.'] (Photog.): An apparatus for testing the sensitiveness of photographic preparations. One form consists of a soreen, divided into small squares of varying opacity, which is placed before the surface to be tested, and the whole exposed to a standard light for a fixed time. Each square of the screen bears a number, and the higher the number impressed upon the sensitive surface, the more sensitive it is. Sen si tor y (sSn'sI-tor-y), a. The same as Sensory. Sens ive (s6ns'ive), a. Possessing sense or feel- ing; sensitive. [Ofrs.] " Shall sensive things be so senseless as to re- sist sense?—Sidney: Arcadia, bk. i. Sen sor (sen sor), a. Sensory. Sen sor y (s6n'sor-y), a. Pertaining or relating to the sensorium; sensorial. "Vibrations in the sensory nerves.1'—Belsham: Phil, of Hximan Mind, ch. iii., § 5. Sen su ism, (s^n'shu-izm), n. The same as Sen- sationalism (q.v.) Sen su ist, (sen'shu-ist), n. The same as Sensa- tionalist (q.v.) Sen su os i ty (sSn'shu-os^i-ty), n. The quality or state of being sensuous. Sen su ous ly, (sen'shu-cus-ty), adv. In a sensuous manner. Sen su ous liess, (sSn'shu-ous-nSss). The quality or state of being sensuous. Sen ten tial ly (sen'ten^hal-ly), adv. In a sentential manner; by means of a sentence or sentences; judicially. "Sententially deprived him of his kingdom,"— Heylin: Hist. Reformation, i, 22. Sen ten ti os i ty (sen'ten-shi-ds^l-ty), n. The quality or state of being sententious; senten- tiousness. [O&s.] "The extemporary sententiosity of common conceits."—Browne: Vulgar Errours,bk. i., ch.vi. Sen ti ment (s&n'ti-ment), n. Syn.—See Op- inion. Sen ti ment al (s6n/ti-m6nt//al), a. Syn.— Sentimental, Romantic. The sentimental per- son is one of wrong or excessive sensibility, or who imports mete sentiment into matters worthy of more vigorous thought. The Romantic (Old Fr. romance, Roman, or Romant, the dialects formed from mixture of the Latin language with those of the barbarians who invaded the Roman empire, and so a species of fictitious writing in that mixed language, generally treating of mar- vels and adventures) creates ideal scenes and ob- jects by the extravagant exercise of the imagina- tion. The sentimental character is soft and sick- ly; the romantic is extravagant and wild. Sen ti nel (sen'ti-nel) n. The watch, guard, or duty of a sentinel; sentry. [O&s.] Also used adjectivally, meaning guarding, guardian. " The sentinel stars set their watch in the sky." Campbell'. Soldiers Dream. Sentinel-crab (Zodl.): Podophtlialmus vigil, two to four inches long, from the Indian Ocean. The eyes are set on long footstalks, which, when the animal is alarmed, are erected so as to command an extensive view. Sen ti nel (sdn'ti-nel), v. t. 1. To watch over, or guard as a sentinel. "Mountains, that like giants stand. sentinel enchanted land." Scott: Lady of the Lake, i, 14. 2. To provide with a sentinel or sentinels; to place under the guard of a sentinel or sentinels. Se paled (se'pald), a. Furnished with sepals. Sep al ine (s6p'al-lne). a. (Bot.): Of or belong- ing to a sepal. Se pal o dy (se-p&l'o-dy), n. [Eng. sepal and Gr. e'iSos (eidos)=form. ] (I?o£.): The reversion of petals into sepals. Sep al ous (sep;al-ofis), a. Pertaining to or having sepals. Sep a ration (sSp'a-ra^tion), n. (Steam boilers> The act of removing water from steam. Sep a ra tist ie (s^a-ra-tist^ic), a. Relat- ing to or characterized by separation; schis- matical. Sep a ra tive (sgp^a-rat'ive), a. Tending to sep- arate; promoting separation. "The separative virtue of extreme cold." Boyle: Works, i. 491. Sep a rat or (s6p//a-rat/or), n. [Lat., from sep- aratus, pa. par. of separo = to separate.] 1, One who or that which separates, divides, or disconnects; a divider; specifically, a machine for thrashing grain in the straw; a machine for clearing grain from dust, seeds, and chaff. 2. (Chem.) A vessel of globular or spindle shape, having a narrow mouth, closed by a stop- per, and terminating in a downwardly tapering pipe, frequently provided with a valve. It is used for separating chemical mixtures. 3. (Metall.) (a.) A large pari set below the amalgamating pan in a mill, (b.) An ore-sorting apparatus in which an ascending current of water is directed against a descending ehower of the comminuted ore, floating off the lighter and worthless portions, while the metalliferous mat- ters sink to the bottom. 4. ( Weaving) A ravel. Sep a ra to ry (sep'a-ra-to-rt), n. A surgical instrument for separating the pericranium from the skull. Se pi a (86;pi-a), n. Sepia pictures. Pictures made with sepia or Indian ink. Sep id a ceous (sep'td-a^shus), a. (Zo6l.) Of or belonging to the genus Sepia. Sept an gle (sept'an-gle), n. [Lat. septem— seven, and angulus—an angle. (Geom.) A figure ^having seven sides and seven angles; a heptasron. Sep tate (sep'tateVa. [Lat. sep(tum) = a hedge; Eng. adj. guff. -ate.J (Bot.) Partitioned off or divided into compartments by septa. Sep tem flu ous (sep-tem'flu-ous), a. [Lat. septem—seven, and fluo=to flow,] Divided into- seven streams or currents; having seven mouths* as a river. [.Rare.] "The main stream of this septemfluous river the Nile]." More: Mystery of Iniquity, bk. i.» ch. xvi., § 11. Sep tem vir (sSp'tSm-vir), n. [Lat., from septem—seven, and vir=a man. (Antiq.) One of a body Of seven men joined in any office or com- mission. Sep tem vir ate (sep-t&m'vir-ate) n. [Lat. septemviratus.'] The office of a septemvir; a gov- ernment by seven persons. Sep ten ate, Sep ten ous (sSp'tSn-ate, sep'ten-ous), a. [Lat. septeni=seven each; Eng. suff. -ate, -ous.] (Bot.) Growing in sevens. Used for leaflets, &c. Sep ten tri al (sep-tSn'tri-al); a. [Lat. septen- tri(o)=the north; Eng. adj. suff. -a?.] Septen- trional, northern. Drayton: Poly-Olbion, s. 20. Sep ten tri o (sep-ten'tri-o), n. [Lat., from septem=seven, and trio=a plowing ox. (Astron.} The constellation Ursa Major or the Great Bear. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, tl, y, long; a, e, j, 6, u, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, r\jde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 5 as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. tjFOri this page will be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged. Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SEPTFOIL 706 SESQUISULPHURET Sept foil (sSpt'foil), n. (Christian Art.) A figure of seven equal segments of a circle, used as a symbol of the seven sacraments, the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, &c. Sep ti (s6p'ti), (1) Pref. [Lat. septem—seven.] seven-fold. Sep ti (s6p'ti), (2) Pref. [Lat. septum^an en- closure. J Of or belonging to a partition. Sep ti syl la ble (sep^ti-syl'la-ble), n. [Pref. septi-s and Eng. syllable. A word of seven sylla- bles. Sep tu late (s&p'to-late), a. [Mod. Lat. sep- tula); Eng. suff. -ate. (Bot.) Having one or more septula. Sep tu pie (sSp'tci-ple), v. t. [Septuple, a.] To make or multiply sevenfold. "The fire . . . whose heat was septupled."— Adams: Works, i. 91. Se qua cious ( se-qua'shtis ), a. Logically consistent and rigorous; following strictly the line of reason. Se qua ri ous (se-qua'rl-otis), a. [Probably only a misprint for sequacious (q. v.).] Se quent (se'quent), n. That which follows as a result; a sequel, a sequence. ** Se quen tial (se-quen'shal), a. Being in suc- cession; succeeding, following. Se ques ter (s6-qu6s ter), n. 1. The act of se- questering; sequestration, separation, seclusion. (Obs.) " This hand of yours requires A sequester from liberty."—Shakesp.: Othello, iii. 4. 2. (Law.) A person with whom two or more parties to a suit or controversy deposit the sub- ject of controversy; a mediator or referee be- tween two parties; anu mpire.—(Bouvier.) Seq ues tra tion (s6q ues-tra^tion, n. (Law) (a.) A writ directed by the Court of Chancery to commisioners, commanding them to enter the lands and seize the goods of the person against whom it is directed. It may be issued against a defendant who is in contempt by reason of neglect or refusal to appear or answer or to obey a decree of court. (b.) The act of taking property from the owner for a time till the rents, issues and profits satisfy a demand; specif., a species of exe- cution in the case of a beneficed clergyman, issued by the bishop of the diocese on the receipt of a writ to that effect. The profits of the bene- fice are paid over to the creditor until h isclaim is satisfied, (c.) The gathering of the fruits of a vacant benefice for the use of the next incum- bent. (d.) The seizure of the property of an in- dividual for the use of the state; particularly ap- plied to the seizure by a belligerent power or debts due by its subjects to the enemy, (e.) (Scots Law) The seizing of a bankrupt's estate, by de- cree of a competent court, for behoof of rhe cred- itors. Se ques trum (se-qu£s'trum), n. [Lat. se- questro—to separate] (See def. and compound.) sequestrum-forceps, (Surg.) An instrument for removing portions of necrosed or exfoliated bone. Ser at bu men (s6r/al-ba//m6n), n. [Eng. ser(um\ and albumen).] (Chem.) A substance occurring in all the liquids of the animal body. It may be obtained by diluting the serum of blood with twenty times its volume of water, pre- cipitating the globulin with carbonic anhydride, and evaporating the filtrate below 50°. It closely resembles egg albumen, but its specific rotary power for yellow light = —56°. Ether does not coagulate its solutions. Se rang (se-rang'), n. [See def.] An East In- dian name for the boatswain of a vessel. Se ra pe (se-ra'pe), n. [Sp.] A blanket or shawl used as an outer garment by the Mexicans and other natives of Spanpanish North America. Se rapli i cism (se-raph I-Ql§m), n. The qual- ity of being seraphic; serapicalness. [.Rare.] Se rene (se-rene')* n. 1. Clearness. 2. Serenity, quietness, calmness, composure, tranquility. "Not a cloud obscured the deep serene,"—Miss Edgeworth: Helen, ch. xiii. Serf (s&rf) n. Syn.—Serf, Slave. Store is the stronger term, and involves absolute ownership on the part of a master. A ser/, strictly speak- ing, is a forced laborer attached to an estate, and is sold with it into the service of another; a slave cap be sold in any way.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Dis- criminated. Serf age, Serf hood, Serf ism, (serf age, serfhood, serf'ism), n. The state or condition of being a serf. "The various organizations of society which have existed—slavery, serfage, villanage, feudal- ism, castes—are all traceable to an instinctive effort of mankind to adjust itself to the condi- tions of human life."—Scribner's Magazine, Oct., 1878, p. 888. Serge (sferge) n. [Fr. cierge; from Lat. cereus— waxen; cera=wax.] A large wax candle, some- times we.ghing several pounds, burnt before the altar ir Roman Catholic churches. Ser geaat ry, Ser geant cy (sar'geant- r}'^ (oflr geant'cy)* n. Sergeanty, ser-geant- ship. Se ri cul ture (se^ri-cftl'tare). n. [Pref. sen'-, and Eng. culture.] The breeding and treatment of silkworms. ''From the very earliest Colonial days the Americans had dreams of sericulture—Stand- ard, Oct. 30, 1885. Se ri ous (se'ri-ous), Syn. See Grave. Ser moil (ser'mon), n. A serious exhortation, rebuke, reproof, or expostulation; an address on one's conduct or duty.—(Colloq.) Ser mon eer (ser mon-eer") n. A preacher of sermons; a sermonizer. [Rare.] "The wits will ";eave you, if they once perceive You cling to lords; and lords, if them you leave For sermoneers." Ben Jonson: Epigram on the Court Pucell. Ser mon ette, Ser mon et (sfer mon-Stte^, sermon-St"), n. A short sermon; a lecture. "It was his characteristic plan to preach a ser- ies of week-day sermonets."—Pall Mall Gazette, Dec. 17, 1883. Ser mon ic, Ser mon ic al (ser-m6n'ie, ser- mdn'ie-al), a. Like a sermon; of the nature of a sermon; hortatory. [Rare.] "First then of the first (forgive my sermonical style), namely, of the fine man."—Knox: Essays, No. 150. Ser mon ist (sfer'mon-ist), n. Writer or deliv- erer of sermons. Se l'OUS (se rous), a. Serous-appoplexy. (Pathol.) Appoplexy produced by serous effusion on the brain. Serous-membrane. (Anat.) Membranes *■ having their surface moistened by serum. They line cavities of the body from which there is no outlet. The chief are the peritoneum, the two pleura, the pericardium, and the arachnoid mem- brane. Serous membranes differ from mucous membranes in having thinner layers, finer fibres, and an epithelium with only a single layer of polygonal cells. Ser pent (ser pent), n. Serpent-charmer. One who charms or professes to charm serpents; a snake-charmer. Serpent-charming. A fascina- tion exercised over a serpent by simple music. Many itinerant showmen make a living in the East by exhibiting their powers over venomous snakes. The practice has come down from re- mote antiquity, and is alluded to in Psalm lviii, 4, 5, and Jer. viii. 17. In most cases the cobra (Naja tripudians) is the serpent charmed, and the poison-fangs are generally extracted ; if this is not done the performer holds a cloth in one hand which he allows the serpent to strike, and so exhaust the supply of venom. This method was adopted by the Cinghalese who performed at the Agricultural Hall, London, in 1886. Ser pent (ser'pent), v. t. To wind or curve like a serpent; to meander. "This moon, that sun . . . Did the serpenting seasons interchain." Drummond: s. 18. Ser pent (sfer'pent), v. i. To curl or wind round; to encircle. " Fruit trees whose boles are serpented with ex- cellent vines."—Evelyn: Memoirs, i. 137. Serpentine (sfcr'pen-tine), v. t. To wind or twine round; to encircle. [Rare.] " lMy dear,' said Hiram, serpentining his long arm about her."—D. C. Murray: Val. Strange, ch. xlvi. Ser pen tine (ser'pen-tine), v. i. To wind in and out like a serpent; to meander. [Rare.] " In those fair vales by Nature form'd to please, Where Guadalquiver serpentines with ease." Harte: Vision of Death. Ser pen tin ous (se^pen-tin^ous), a. [Lat. serpentinus.] Pertaining or relating to, or of the nature of a serpent, serpentine. Ser pent ry (ser'pent-ry), n. 1. A place in- fested by serpents. 2. (A collective noun.) Serpents; beings having the characteristics of serpenis. [Rare.] " Left by men slugs, and human serpentry." Keats: Endymion, i. 821. Ser po let (ser'po-let), n. [Fr.J 1. Wild thyme. 2. An oil from Thymus Serpyllum. It is used in perfumery. Ser pu la (sfcr'pu-la), n. [Lat.=a little serpent (q. v.).] (Zo6l.) The type-genus of Serpulinse, a genus of annelids. Tube long and shelly, more or less tortuous, sometimes solitary, sometimes aggregated and fixed to some foreign body by part of its surface; well-marked operculum, horny, rarely calcareous. Ser ru la tion (ser'ru-la^tion), n. A very min- ute notch ; a slight indentation. "The serrulations being composed of spin- ules."— Trans. Amer. Philos. Society, 1873, p. 287. Serv a ble (sferv'a-ble), a. 1. That may be served. 2. Able to be preserved. Serv age (serfage), n. Serfage, servitude. [Ofrs.] Robert D. Brunne, p. 52. ^ Used when a tenant, besides paying rent, had to find one or more workmen for his lord's ser- vice. Serv ant (sSrv'ant), n. Servant-maid, servant- girl. A female domestic servant. Servant-man. A male or man-servant. Ser vant ess (ser'vant-gss), n. A female serv- ant. [0£>s.] Serv er (serv'er), n. 1. One who servos. "Particulars of an attack on a writ server reached that city."—Evening Standard^ Oct. 3, 1885. 2. A salver or small tray. " Some mastic is brought them on a server.*— Randolph: Islands in the Archipelago (1687), p. 49. Ser vice-pipe (s&r'vise-pipe), n. A branch pipe, of lead or iron, for the supply of gas, water, or the like from the main to the building. Ser vice tree (ser7vi^e tree), n. (Bot.) (a) Pyrus Sorbus or domestica, a native of Continent- al Europe and Western Asia. It has serrate leaves, unequally pinnate, and cream-colored flowers. It is from twenty to sixty feet high. Two varieties, tho Pear-shaped, P. S. pyriformis% and the Apple shaped, P. S. maliformis, are cul- tivated in parts of France and near Genoa for their fruit, (b) Pyrus (Sorbus) tormentalis, the Wild Service-tree. It is a small tree growing in woods and hedges, but rare and local, with six- to ten-lobed serrate leaves, pubescent below when young, but glabrous on both sides when mature. Flowers numerous, white, appearing in April and May. The fruit pyriform or sub-glob- ose, greenish-brown, dotted. It is eatable. Ser vi ette (ser'vi-^tte'O? n. [Fr.] A table- napkin. "Consented bravely to have serviettes tied over their eyes."—London Daily Telegraph, March 12, 1886. Serv ing (serving), p.a. Serving-board. (Naut.) A flat board used in serving ropes. Serving- Mallet. (Naut.) A mallet-shaped tool used for wrapping spun yarn tightly around a rope. Sev- eral turns of the stuff are taken around the mal- let, and, as the mallet are rotated around the rope which lies in the hollow, the stuff is tightly and closely wrapped around the rope. Servitude (servl-tude), n. (Civil and Scots Law) A term used to signify a right, whereby one thing is subject to another thing or person for use or convenience contrary to common right. Servitudes are divided into personal and predial. A predial servitude is a right constitut- ed over one subject or tenement by the owner of another subject or tenement. Predial servitudes are either rural or urban, according as they ef- fect land or houses. The usual rural servitudes are : passage or road, or the right which a per- son has to walk or drive to his house over an- other's land; pasture, or the right to send cattle to graze on another's land ; feal and divot, or the right to cut turf and peat on another's land; ac- queduct, or the right to have a stream of water conveyed through another's land: thirlage, or the right to have other people's corn sent to one's own mill to be ground. Urban servitudes consist chiefly in the right to have the rain from one's roof drop on another's land or house ; the right to prevent another from building so as to obstruct the windows of one's house; the right of the owner of the flat above to have his flat sup- ported by the flat beneath, &c. & personal serv- itude is a right constituted over a subject in favor of a person without reference to a possession of property, and now consists only in liferent or usufruct. Ser vi ture (ser'vi-tttre), n. Servants collect- ively. [O&s.] (Milton.) Ses qui al ter ous (ses'qui-aFter-oiis), n. Ses- quialteral. Ses qui ox ide (ses'qui-ftx^ide), n. (Chem.) A compound of oxygen with some other element. Ses qui pe dal i ty (sSs'qui-pe-d&V'i-ty), n. 1. The quality or condition of being sesquinedaJian. 2. The use or habit of using very long words; sesquipedalism. Ses qui salt (ses'qui-salt), n. (Chem.) A salt consisting of three equivalents of one element and two of another. Ses qui sul pliu ret ( sSs'qul-siil''phCi-r 6t), n. A sesquisulpheid. Notation: a, 6,1, O, Q, y, long; a, e, I, 6, u, y, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, ryde, push; e, t, o, silent; $ as s; $h as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; 0 as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's aad Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SESSION 707 SFUMATO Ses sion (36sh'un), n. Church session. A body of elders elected by a particular church of the Presbyterian belief, who have the charge of all the religious matters pertaining to that church. Ses tet, ses tet to (s6s-t6t, s&s-tet'to), n. [Ital.] »Mus.) A composition for six instruments or voices. "A vocal sestet in the second act shows fancy and skill of a high order.—Dailg Telegraphy Nov. 16, 1885. Ses tu or (sSs'ta-or), n. A sestet (q. v.) Set (set), v. t. Syn —Set, Sit. To set means to place ; to fix; to plant; to put; to sit means to rest upon the hauncfies;—said of human beings, and sometimes of animals; to perch, as birds, to remain in a state of repose; to incubate, as fowls, etc. We set a hen, and the hen sits on eggs. Hence we say, "A setting (not sitting hen." We set down some article, or something in writing; we sit down, or sit up. We set aside, set apart, etc.; we sit on a sofa, chair, etc.— Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Set (set), n. 1. A permanent change of figure caused by pressure, or being retained long in any one position. When metal is subjected to any strain, either tensile or compressive, the material is lengthened or shortened in propor- tion to the force exerted. When released from the strain it resumes its original length, unless the force exerted exceeded its limit of elasticity. If this occtirs, the material receives what is called a permanent set. 2. A direction or course: as, the set of the tide. 3. (Locksmith) A contrivance for preventing the opening of a lock without its proper key. 4. (Plaster) The last coat of plaster on walls for papering; a setting or setting-coat. The last coat for pain tin gis called stucco. Syn.—See Pair. Se ta (pi. He ta») (se ta, pi. se'tse), n. [Lat.J 1. (Zool.) A bristle or sharp hair. 2. (Bot.) Bristles when short and stiff, as on the stalk of Echium. (Used specifically of the stalk supporting the theca in a moss. Hypogyn- oussetce. (Bot.) Little filiform appendages at the base of the ovary in Cyperacese. Set back. (set back), n. 1. The reflux of a cur- rent caused by a counter-current, by a dam, &c.: hence, a reverse, a discomfiture. [ U. *?•] 2. (Arch.) A flat, plain set-off in a wall. Set bolt (sSt'bOltj n. (Shipbuild.) (a) A bolt used to force another bolt out of its hole. (b) A bringing-to bolt. Set ee (set-ee'), n. See Settee. Seth ic (seth'Ic), a. See Sothiac. Se tig er ous (se-tlg'er-ous), a. Covered with bristles; setiferous. (Used in ZoOlogy specif, of the Locomotive Annelida.) Set nut (set'ntit), n. A jam-nut. Set off (set 6ff), w. 1. Anything that is set off against another thing; an offset. 2. That which is used to embellish the appear- ance of or to set off anything; a decoration, an embellishment. Syn .-Set-off, Offset. The original sense of offset is something which pro- jects or branches out, but in the United States it has for a long time received the meaning of set- off or something equivalent. This use of the term is beginning to prevail in England to some ex- tent.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Set screw (sfit'skra) n. (Mach.) A screw employed to hold or move objects to their bear- ings, as the bits in a cutter-head or brace. Set stitched (set'stitched), a. Stitched ac- cording to a set pattern, or, perhaps, worked with pi aits.—(Sterne.) Sett (set) n. 1. A match. 2. A number of mines taken upon lease. 3. (Piling) A piece forming a prolongation of the upper end of a pile when the latter has been driven beyond the reach of the hammer. Set ting (siting), p. a. Setting-pole. (Naut.) (a.) A pole by which a boat or raft is pushed along, one end resting on the bottom, and the other usually applied to the shoulder, while the man walks the length of the deck, (b.) A pole driven into the bottom, and used for mooring a boat in fishing, &c. Setting-punch, (Saddlery) A punch with a tube for setting down a washer upon the stem of the rivet, and a hollow for rivet- ing down the stem upon the washer. Setting-rule. A composing-rule. Setting-stick. A composing stick. Setting-up machine, (Coopering) A ma- chine in which the staves of a cask are set up in order and held for hooping. Settle (settle), n. A part of a'platform lower than another part. Set. tie (settle), v. t. To give the final touch to; to finish; to do for; as, I have settled him. (Colloq.) To settle one^s hash: [See Hash.] To settle land. To settle*the main-topsail halyards. (Naut.) To ease off a small portion of them, so as to lower the yard a little. Set tier (set tler), n. 1. One who settles, es- pecially one who settles down in a new colony; a colonist, as opposed to a native. "All those colonies had established themselves in countries inhabited by savage and barbarous nations; who easily gave place to the new set- tlers.'''1—Smith: Wealth of Nations, bk. iv. ch. vii. 2. That which finally decides or settles any- thing; that which gives the finishing touch to anything, or decides a contest; as, that last blow was a settler. ( Colloq. or slang.) 3. (Metall.) An apparatus for extracting the amalgam from slimes received from the amal- gamating pan. Set tling day (s^t'tllng-day) n. A day ap- pointed for the settling of accounts, &c. Specif., on the Stock Exchange, the prompt-, or pay-day, which occurs twice every month, one as near as may be about the middle, and the second about the end of the month. It is preceded by the ticket-day (the day before the settlement), and the contango-day, (the day preceding the ticket- day), so that every fortnightly settlement occu- pies three days. Set u la (pi. set u lfe), (s6t;a-la^ set'u-lae), n. [Lat.=a little bristle, dimin, from seta=abristle.) (Bot.) The stipe of certain fungals. Set ule (settle ),w. [Setula.] A little short bristle or hair. Set u lose (sSt'a-lose), a. Bearing or provided with setules. Sev en (sSv'en), n. 1. The number greater by one than six; the cardinal number following six and preceding eight; a group of things amounting to this number. 2. The symbol representing such number, as 7 or vii. Seven Churches of Asia: Ephesus, Smyr- na, Pergamos, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea. (Rev. i. 11.) Seven Day Fever. (Pathol.) A variety of Relapsing fever. Seven Wonders of the World: [See Wonder.] Seven Years'1 War: The conflict between Frederick II. of Prussia, and Austria, Russia, and France, in 1756-1763. Sev en some (sSv'en-some), a. Consisting or composed of seven things or parts; arranged in sevens. (Scotch.) Sev en some ness (s&v'en-some-nSss), n. [Eng, sevensome; -ness.] Arrangement or graNa- tion by sevens. [Rare. ] Sev en teentli (sSven-teenth), a. Being or forming one of seventeen equal parts into which a thing is or may be divided. Sev en teentli (s6v en-teenth), n. 1. The next in order after the sixteenth; the seventh after the tenth. 2. One of seventeen equal parts into which a thing is or may be divided; the quotient of unity divided by seventeen. 3. (Mus.) An interval consisting of two oc- taves and a third. Sev entli day (s6v'enth-day), n. Saturday, the seventh day of the week or the sabbath of the Jews. Seventh—day Baptists. (Eccl. Hist.) Bap- tists who, holding the Fourth Commandment ex- pressly named the seventh as the sacred day, and that there is no express command in the New Testament to alter that day to the first of the week, observe Saturday as their Sabbath. This view arose in the sixteenth century among a min- ority of the continental Anabaptists. Erasmus (De Amab. Concord., col. 506), in an obscure pass- age, perhaps alludes to a sect of this nature among the Bohemians. Sev en ti etli (sev'en-tl-eth), n. 1. The one next in order after the sixty-ninth. 2. One of the seventy equal parts into which a thing is or may be divided. Sev en ty (s6v'en-ty), n. [A.S. (hund) seofon- tig.] 1. The number made up of seven times ten. 2. A symbol representing such number, as 70 or lxx. The Seventy, (a) (Biblical Criticism.) The seventy or seventy-two Hebrew-Greek scholars alleged to have translated the Septuagint. (b) (Script.) The seventy evangelists sent forth by Jesus on a mission like that of the apostles, to whom, however, they were inferior in office and dignity (Luke x. 1-24). Nothing further is known of the seventy or their work. Sev ere, (se-vere'), a. Syn.—See Strict. Sev er ee (sSv'er-ee"), n. [Etym. doubtful; by some supposed to be a corruption of ciborium.'] (Arch.) A part separated from the rest; a bay or compartment in a vaulted roof; a compartment or division of scaffolding. "Each severee, or compartment of vaulting was of th9 seme dimensions as the present vaulting." -^Western Daily News, Feb. 8, 1882. Se vei'e ness (se-vere'n^ss), n. The property or state of being severe; severity. Sev er y (agry'er-y), n. The same as Sevebee (q. v.) Sew (sti), v. t. To bring on and remove meat at table; to essay or taste, as meats or drinks, before they are served :ip, or in presence at the table. Sew age (su'ej), n. 1. The foul matter which passes through the drains, conduits, or sewers of a town,village, collection of houses,&c., or individual houses. It consists of the excreted matter, liquid and solid, the water by which such matter is carried off, the waste water of baths, wash-houses, and other domestic operations, the liquid waste product of various manufacturing operations, and, in most cases, of the greatei part of the surf nee drainage of the area drained. 2. The same as Sewerage, (q.v.) TJ The words sewage—that which is carried ofl by the sewers, and Sewerage—ths system of sewers of a town, are said to have been first used by Mr, James Pilbrow, F. S. A., architect. Worthing, ic 1850, in a report to the Beard of Works for Tot- tenham, Middlesex, Engiand. Sew er age (su'er-ej), n. The matter carried away in the sewers; sewage. Sew ing (so'ing), n. (PI.): Compound threade of silk wound, cleaned, doubled and thrown, to be used for sewing. Sewing-bird. A spring- clamp shaped like a bird, which is screwed to a table for holding work while it is being sewed. Sewing-clamp. (Leather) A contrivance for hold- ing a piece of work while being stitched. Sewing- horse. (Leather) A harness-maker's clamp for holding leather while being sewed. Sewing-ma- chine. A machine for sewing or stitching cloth, leather, &c. Sewing machines are of several classes: (1) Those in which the needle is passed completely through the work, as in hand-sewing. (2) Those making the chain-stitch, which is wrought by the crochet-hook or by an eye-pointed needle and auxiliary hook. (3) Those making a fair stitch on one side, the upper thread being in- terwoven by another thread below. (4) Those making the lock-stitch, the same on both sides. The last is the latest and best. Sewing-needle. A needle used in sewing. Sewing-press. (Bookbind.) The frame with stretched vertical cords, against which the backs of the folded sheets of a book are consecutively laid and sewed. Sewing silk. Silk thread used in sewing. Sex (sex), pref [Lat.] A prefix used to denote six or sixfold. Sex ag e na ry (s6x-&g;e-na-ry), a. Sexagenary- arithmetic or scale. A scale in which the modulus is sixty. It is used in treating of the divisions of the circle. Sex a ges i mal )s6x/a-g,6s//!-mal), a. Sexages- imal-arithmetic. Sexagenary arithmetic (q.v.) Sex an a ry (sex'an-a-ry), a. [Lat. se.«=six. Perhaps a mistake for sexenary.~\ Consistsng of six or sixes; sixfold. Sex dig it ism (sex-dig'it-ism), n. [Lat. sex— six, and digitus=a, finger or toe.] The state or condition of having six fingers on one or both hands, or six toes on one or both feet. Sex dig it ist (sex-dlg'It-Ist), n. [Sexdigitism.] One who has six fingers on one or both hands, or six toes on one or both feet. Sex en a ry (sex'en-a-ry), a. [Lat. se#=six.] Proceeding by sixes; specif, applied to an arith- metical system of whose base is six. Sex i syl la ble (sex^i-syFla-ble), n. [Pref. sex-, and Eng. syllable. A word having six syllables. Sex ly (sex'ly), Relating to or characteristic of sex; sexual. Sex tans (sgx't&ns), n. [Lat., from sextus— sixth.] 1. (Roman Antiq.) A coin, the sixth part of an as. 2. (Astron.) The sextant. Sex tet, sex tet to (sSx'tSt, sSx-tgt'to), n. See Sestet. Sex to (pi. sextos), (s&x'to, sSx'tos), n. [Lat. abl. sing, of sextus=sixth.] A book formed by folding the sheets into six leaves each. Sex ton ess (sex'ton-ess), n. A female sexton. "The sextoness hastened to turn on the gas." Barham: Ingoldsby Legends; Sir Rupert Sex ton ry (s&x/ton-ry), n. The office or post of sexton; sextonship. [Obs.] "The sextonry of our lady church in Rome."— Berners: Froissart; Chronycle, vol. ii., ch. exevii. Sfor zan do (sfdr-dzftn'do), n. The same as Sforzato. Sfti ma to (sfu-mS/tO), a. [Ital.=smoky.(Paint.) A term applied to that style of painting wherein the tints are so blended that the outline is scarcely perceptible, the whole presenting an in- distinct, misty appearance. Notation: a, 6,1, 0, ta, y, long; a, e, I, 6, ii, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, for, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, r\ide, push; e, o, silent; g as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; s aft gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. fflF'On this page will be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SGRAFITTO 708 SHEALING Sgra lit to (sgra-flt'to), a. [Ital. =scratched.] Applied to a styie of painting in which a white ground is chipped or worked away, so as to ex- pos© a black sub-surface. Shab (shab), n. A disease in sheep: scab. Shack a tor y (shaek a-tor-y), 71. [For shake a Tory. ] [Toby. J An Irish hound. (Dekker. SliacR le (shack le), n. 1. (Naut.) (a) A link in a chain-cable which may be opened to allow it to be connected to the ring of the anchor or di- vided into lengths, usually fifteen fathoms. It consists of a clevy, bolt, and key. Used for the chains also. (b) A ring on the port through which th9 port-bar is passed to close the port* hole effectually, (c) The clevy, secured by a pin and bolt to the shank of an anchor, and to which the cable is bent; used in place of the old-fash- ioned anchor-ring. 2. (Rail.) A link for coupling railway-cars. [U.S.] Shackle-bar. {Rail.) A coupling bar between a lo- comotive and tender. Shackle-bolt, (a) A bolt having a shackle or clevy on the end. (6) A bolt passing through the eyes of a clevy or shackle. Shack lock (shackldek), n. A shackle-bolt; a sort of shackle. [O&s.] "Shackles, shacklockes, hampers, gives, and chains." Browne: Britannias Pastorals, i. 5. Shack ly (sh&ck'ly), a. Shaky, ricketty. [U. S. Bartlett.] Shad bush (shad'bush), n, (Bot.) Amelanchier canadensis. It is found in Canada and the north- ern United States, putting forth its racemes of white, roseate flowers in April or May, when the ■"^o is ascending the rivers; hence the name Shad-bush. Called also June-berry, because the fruit, which is edible, is ripe in June. Shade fill (shade'ful), a. Shady. "The only child of shadeful Saversnake." Drayton: Poly-Olbion, s. 3. Shade less (shade;16ss), a. Destitute of shade: unshaded. "More than water springs to shadeless sands, More to me were the comfort of her hands." A.^ C. Sivineburne: Tristram of Lyonesse, ix. Shad ing (shad Ing), n. The act of represent- ing the effect of light and shade on a drawing; the filling up of an outline. Shad ow (shad ow), n. An uninvited guest, in- troduced to a feast by one who is invited. (A translation of the Latin umbra.) "I must not have my board pestered with shadows, That under other men's protection break in Without invitement." Massinger: Unnatural Combat. May your shadow never be or grow less: May you escape the clutches of the devil! hence, may you be fortunate. It was fabled that when students of magic had attained a certain pro- ficiency, they had to run round a subterranean hall, pursued by the devil. If he succeeded in catching only tlieir shadow, they became first- rate magicians, but were thenceforth shado wless. (B re iver.) "The recipients . . . hope that Sara's shadow may never grow less."—Referee, Jan. 2, 1887. Shad ow i 11 ess (shad'ow-l-n&ss), n. The quality or state of being shadowy. [06s.} . Shad ow isli (shadow-Ish), a. Shadowy. "That truth whereof theirs was but a shadow- ish resemblance."—Hooker: Eccles. Politie, bk. viii. IShaft (shaft), n. (Mach.) (a) That part of a machine to which motion is communicated by torsion, as the shaft of a fly-wheel, a paddle- shaft, or screw-shaft of a steam-vessel, the crank- axle of a locomotive, also called counter-shaft, (b) A rod supported in hangers or bearings sus- pended from the ceiling or beneath the floor of a workshop, communicating motion to various machines from the prime motor. Shaft-bender. A person who bends timber by steam or pressure. Shaft-drill. A rotary drilling-machine, armed with diamond-points, for boring vertical shafts. Shaft-furnace. (Metall.) A furnace in which the ore, in a state of division, is dropped down a chimney through the flame. Shaft-horse. The horse that goes in the shafts or thills of a ve- hicle. Shaft-jack. {Vehicle.) An iron attaching the shafts to the axle. Shaft loop. (Harness.) The ring of leather suspended from the pig-saddle to hold the thill or shaft. Shaft-pipe. (Shipbuild.) The pipe or tube in the stern of a vessel through which the propeller-shaft passes in-board. In wooden vessels it occupies a hole bored through the stern-post and dead-wood. In iron vessels it passes through a hole in the stern-post and through frames with circular arcs, which form bearings. Shaft-tug. (Harness.) The loop de- pending from the harness-saddle, and holding up the shaft that passes through it. Shaft ed (shalt ed), a. Having shafts; orna- mented with shafts or small clustering pillars. Shag eared (shag'eared), (fcrd), a„ Having shaggy ears. "Thou liest, thou shag-eared villain." Shakesp: Macbeth, iv. 2. Shall (shah), n. Shah Nameh. [Pers.=Book of Kings.] The title of several Eastern works, the most ancient and celebrated of which is the poem in the modern Persian language by the p oet Fir- dousi, containing the history of the ancient Persian kings. Shake (shake), n. 1. (PL) A trembling fit; specif, ague, intermittent fever. [Colloq. U. &] 2. (Cooper.) A shook of staves and headings. No great shakes (lit., No great windfalls)'. Noth- ing extraordinary or out of the common; of no great account. "I had my hands full and my head too, just then [when he wrote Marino Faliero], so it can be,no great shakes." Bnron: To Marray.; Sept. 28,1820. Shake fork (shake'f6rk), n. A fork to toss hay about. [06s.] Shak er ism (shak'er-Ism), n. The principles or teachings of the Shakers. "It is a land, too, where every possible experi- ment has been tried, from Shakerism to Polyg- amy, and where every doctrine finds apostles, disciples, and dupes."—London Dailg Telegraph. Feb. 24, 1886. Shake spear e an, Shak sper i an, Shak sper e an (shake-spear e-an, shak- sp6r l-an, shak-sp6re-an), a. Pertaining or relating to, or resembling Shakespeare. Shak i ness (shak l-n6ss), n. The quality or state of being shaky. Shall (shall), v.i. Syn. Shall, Will, (a) When the sentence is affirmative, shall, in the first person, expresses intention or purpose; as, "I or we shall (intend) to go." In the second and third persons, shall expresses a command, prom- ise, or determination; as, "You (he, they) shall doit:" that is, I command you, etc.; "You (he, they) shall (a promise) be fully recompensed." Will, in the first person, denotes willingness or a promise; and, when emphasized, it expresses determination; as, "1 will (am willing or prom- ise to) do it;" "I will (am determined to) do it in spite of you." In the second and third persons will implies a simple future or certainty; as "You (he, they) will go to-morrow." (b) in an inter- rogative sentence shall in the first and third per- sons, asks the permission or advice of the one addressed; as, "Shall I (do you advise or w'sh me to) go?" ''Shall he (do you permit, or choose to have, him) go?" In the second person, shall asks the intention of another; as, "Shall you (do you intend to) go?" Will is never to be used in- terrogatively with the first person; as, "Will I go?" In the second person will inquires about the will or intention, and in the third about the purpose, of another; as, "Will you, (do you wish or intend to) go?" "Willhe (does he intend or mean to) go?"—Fallows' Synonyms Discrimi- nated. Shal li (sh&l'll), n. A twilled fabric made from the hair of the Angora goat. Shal low (shallow), n. [Etym. doubtful.] (Ichth.y) A local name for the Rudd. Shal low-pat ed (shai^iow-pat ed), a. Shal- low-brained; foolish. Shaman (shaman), n. A believer in or sup- porter of Shamanism. Shame (shame), n. For shame! An interac- tional phrase equivalent to, Shame on you. To put to shame: To inflict shame or disgrace on; to make ashamed. Sham mels (sham'melg), n. pi. (Mining) Shelves, stages, or benches on to which the ore is thrown successively in raising. Sham poo (sham-poo7), v. t. To wash thorough- ly, and wash and brush the head of, using either soap or a preparation of jsoap. Sham poo er (sham-poo er), n. One who per- forms the operation of shampooing. "A professional shampooer sued-for sham- pooing his ■wife."—Daily News, Dec. 23, 1886. Shank (shank), n. 1. Something more or less resembling the shank or leg; that part of an in- strument, tool, or other thing which connects the acting part with the handle or other part by which it is held or moved, as— (a) The straight part of a hook, (b) The tang, or part of a case- knife, chisel, &c., inserted in the handle, (c) The body of a printing-type. (d) The eye on (not through) a button. 2. (Arch.) The shaft of a column. 3. (Founding) A large ladle to contain molten metals ; it is managed by a straight bar at one end. and a cross-bar with handles, called the crutch, at the other end, by which it is tipped to pour out the metal. They are made of various sizes, from those handled by two men to those slung from a crane. 4t. (Naut.) The stem of an anchor, connect- ing the arms with the stock. 5. , (Optics) Flat pliers used by lens-makers to reduce pieces of glass to circular form before grinding and polishing. Shank beer (shaiik -beer), n. Shenk-beer. Shan ny, Shan (shan'ny, shan), n. [Etym. doubtful.] (Ichthy.) Blennius pholius, sometimes called the Smooth Blenny. It is about four inches long, olive-green, with irregular black spots. There is no crest-like appendage on the head, and the notched dorsal is not continuous with the caudal fin. The incisors are long, and serve to detach limpets and mussels from the rocks. The shanny will endure fresh water for a short time, and will live for many days out of water in places if the ground is moist. Shap a hie (shap'a-ble), a. That may be shaped. Share-beam (share'-beam), n. That part of a plow to which the share is attached. Share-bro ker (share^bro'ker), n. A dealer in the shares or securities of joint-stock compa- nies and the like. Shar Ock (shar'oek), n. [Native name.] A sil- ver coin in India, worth about Is. sterling, or $0.25. Sharp (sharp), a. 1. Keenly contested: as, a sharp race. 2. (Mus.) (a) Raised a semitone, as a note- (6) Shrill or acute, as the sharp mixture=an or- gan stop of a shrill or acute character, (c) Out of tune by being higher in pitch than is just, (d), Applied by old writers to an augmented inter- val. • 3. (Phonetics) Applied to a consonant pro- nounced or uttered with the breath and not with the voice ; surd, non-vocal: as, the sharp mutes, p, t, k. .Sharp (sharp), adv. 1. Sharply: as, To look sharp. 2. Exactly, to the moment: as, Dinner is at six o'clock, sharp. 3. At a sharp angle. "Turned sharp to the right."—Field, Dec. 26,. 1885. Sharp cut (sharp'-etit), a. Cut sharply or clear- ly ; cut so as to present a clear, well-defined out- line, as a figure on a medal; hence, piesenting great distinctness; clearly defined. Sharp er (sharp'er), n. Syn.—See Swindler. Shar pie (sharpie), n. (Naut.) Along,sharp sailing-boat with a flat bottom. [U. &] "The rudder being attached to it as a spindle, ... as in the rudder of a sharpie."—Century Magazine, Dec., 1878. p. 601. Sliash (shash). n. The same as Sash. [Obs.] Shath liiont (shath'mtint;, n. A measure of six inches. "Not a step, nof a pace, not an inch, not a shathmont, as I may say."—Scott: Antiquai~y, ch. viii. Shave (shave), v. i. 1. To use the razor; to remove the hair from the chin, head, &c., with a razor. 2. To pass so closely to anything as almost to touch it. "In trying to shave past."—Field, Sept. 4, 1886. 3. To be extortionate in bargaining; to cheat; to use extortion. Shave (shave), n. 1. The act of shaving; cut- ting off of the beard. 2. A thin slice; a shaving. 3. The act of taking a large discount on a note for the ready cash. [Z7. S.] Shav er (shav7er), n. 1. A humorous fellow; a wag. "A cunningshaver." Steele: Conscioxis Lovers. (Prol.) 2. A jocular name for a young boy ; a young- ster. Shav ing (shav'ing), n. Shaving-brush. A brush used in shaving for spreading the lather over the face. Shaving-box. (Bot.) The genus FeuiIlea, or Fevillea. Shaving-cup. A cup with compart- ments ior hot water and soap, for convenience in shaving. Shaw (shaw), n. A stem with the leaves, as of a potatoe, turnip, &c. [Prov. Eng.'] Shay (shay), n. [See def.] A vulgar corruption of chaise. Sheal (sheal), v. t. To shell; to deprive the husk or shell. [Scotch.] " That's a shealed peascod."—Shakesp. :Lear,i.4. Slieal ing (shearing), n. The outside shell, Notation: a, 6,1, 0, o, y, long; a, e, I, 6, ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; n as in linger, link; th'as in thine. Wo* this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of botli Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contiined in the original Webster.SHEARHULK 709 SHIP pod, or husk of pease, oats, or the like. [Prov. Eng.'] Shear hulk (shear hiilk), n. See Sheer-hulk. Shear ing (sher Ing), n. The preparation of shear-steal. Shearing-machine. (a.) ( Woolen- manuf.) A machine through which cloth is passed after leaving the gig-mill, to shorten the nap evenly, so as to secure a smooth surface, (b.) {Much.) A machine for cutting plates and bars of iron and other metal. Shearing-table. (Hus- bandry) A bench for holding sheep while being sheared. She a tree (she'a-tree), n. (Bot.) The butter- tree (Bassia Parkii), the seeds of which yield a substance resembling butter. Slieb an tier (sheb an-der), n. [Hind, shah- bander.] A harbor-master. (Anglo-Indian.) Shed (sh£d ), n. {Weav.) The space between the upper and lower warps, forming a raceway for i he shuttle. Shed-fork. A pitchfork. [Prov. Eng.] Sehd-roof. A lean-to; the simplest kind of roof, having but one incline. Sheen ly (sheen ly), adv. Brightly, brilliantly. {Browning.) Sheep (sheep), n. & a. Sheep-berry. (Bot.) Viburnum Lentago ; a small Amer.can tree, with flat cymes of white flowers and edible fruit. Sheep-faced. Sheepish, bashful. Sheep-farm. A sheep-run. Sheep-laurel. (Bot.) Kalmia augvist- ifolia. Sheep-rack. A portable rack for contain- ing food for sheep. Sheep-run. A large tract of country for pasturing sheep. (Originally Aus- tralian. ) "The leaseholder of a sheep-run."—London Daily Telegraph, Nov. '20, 1885. Sheep's beard. (Bot.) Arnopogan; a genus of Composites, from the south of Europe. Three are cultivated in British gardens. Sheep-split. The divided skin of a sheep; one-half is a thin skin, and the other a split. Sheep's scabious. (Bot.) The genus Jasione% a genus of evergreen plants. Sheep-tick. (Entom.) A louse, Tricho- cephahis sphoerocephalus, parasitic upon sheep. Sheep Hkin (sheepskin), n. A diploma; so called from being originally written or engrossed on parchment, prepared from the skin of a sheep. [Colloq, U. S.] Sheep y (sheep^), a. Relating to or like sheep; sheepish. Sheer (sheer), a. Straight up and down; per- pendicular, precipitous. "Perched on its flat-topped rock of sandstone and basalt, naturally sheer in some plaees."— Daily Telegraph, Dec. 4, 1885. Sheer-lashing. (Naut.) The mode of lashing together the legs of the sheer at the cross. The middle of the rope is passed around the cross, the ends passed up and down respectively, then returned on their own parts and lashed together. Sheer-line, (a.) (Shipbuild.) The line of the deck at the side of the ship, (b.) (Mil.) The stretched hawser of a flying bridge along which the boat passes. Sheer-plan. (Shipbuild.) The plan of elevation of a ship, whereon is described the out- board works, as the wales, shear-rails, ports, drifts, heads, quarters, post, and stem, &c., the hang of each deck inside, the water-lines, &c. Sheer-rail. (Shipwright.) A rail surrounding a ship on the outside, under the gunwale. Also called a Waist-rail. Sheer-strake. (Shipbuild.) The strake under the gunwale in the top side. Sheet (sheet), n. Sheet-bend. (Naut.) (a.) A double hitch, formed by laying the bight of one rope over that of another, passing its two parts under the two parts of the other, and upward through its bight crosswise and overlaying it. (b.) The strongest cable on board ship, bent to the sheet-anchor. (Sheet-cable.) (Nut.) The cable attached to the sheet-anchor; the strongest and best cable in the ship. Sheet-pile!. The same as Sheeting-pile (q.v.) Sheet ful (sheet ful), a. As much as a sheet will hold; enough to fill a sheet. Sheet ing: (sheeting), n. 1. (Tobacco) The act or process of laying the leaves flat to be piled in books. *3. (Wool-man.) A form of batting; a process of bringing the fibre into an even sheet. Sheeting-pile, sheet-pile. (Hydr.-eng.) A plank, tongued and grooved, driven between two princi- pal piles, to shut out the water. The exterior piles of a coffer-dam or other structure, serving to sustain a filling of earth, masonry, or other material. Shelci (sheid), a. [A.S. scyld; scild.] Speckled, flecked, piebald. (Prov. Eng.) Shell (shell), n. Shell-bit. A wood-boring tool used in a brace. It has a semi-cylindrical form, terminates in a sharp edge, and has a hollow shank. Shell-boat. A boat with a light frame and thin covering: one kind of racing-boat. Shell-button. A hollow button made of two pieces, front and back, joined by a turnover seam at the edge, and usually covered with silk or cloth; also a button made of mother-of-pearl. Shell-flower. (Bot.) Ch e lone glabra* a variety of Chelone obliqua. The corollas which are in spikes, are tubular and inflated. Shell-fougass. (Fort.) A mine charged chiefly with shells, and covered with earth. [Fougass.] Shell-gauge. (Ordn.) An instrument for verifying the thickness of hol- low projectiles. Shell-gun. A gun or cannon for throwing bombs or shells. Shell-hook. (Ordn.) A pair of tongs with hooks, which are inserted into the ears of a shell, and by which it is carried to the mortar. Shell-jacket. (Mil.) An undress military jacket. Shell-lime. Lime obtained by burning sea-shells. Shell-proof a. Proof against shel s; impenetrable by shells; bomb-proof. Shell-pump. A sand-pump. Shell (shell), v.t. To throw or hurl bomb-shells into, upon, or among: as, To shell a town. To shell out. To pay up or hand over money, &c.: as, The theives made him shell out. (Colloq.) Shelve (shelve), v. t. 1. To furnish or pro- vide with shelves. 3. To lay or put aside as out of use or unfit for active employment; to dismiss; to pass by or over. 41 Seems to have suffered especially from the shelving process."—London Daily Telegraph, Oct. 1, 1885. Shelving (shelving), n. 1. The act or oper- ation of fitting up shelves, or of placing upon a shelf or shelves. 2. Materials for shelves; the shelves of a room, store, &c., collectively. Shep herd (shep'erd), v. t. [.Rare.] 1. To tend or guide, as a shepherd. ». To attend or wait on; to gallant. Shep herd (shep'erd), n. Shepherd's club. (Bot.) Verbascum Thapsus, Shepherd's cross. (Bot.) Teesdalia nudicaulis. (Prior.) Shep- herd's crook. A sheephook. A long staff with an iron crook fixed on its upper end. It is used by shepherds to catch or hold sheep. Shep herd ling (shep'erd-ling), n. A young shepherd. "Let each young shepherdling, Walk by, or 6top his ear, the whilst I sing." Brown: Britannias Pastorals, i. 2. Sher ry val lies (sher^rt-v&Hies), n., pi. [A corrupt of Fr. chevalier = a horseman.] Panta- loons of thick cloth or leather worn button round each leg over other pantaloons when riding, to keep off the dust and mud. [ U. &] Bartlett. Shield (shield), n. I. (Husband.) A fender- plate attached to the share of a corn-plow to keep clods from rolling on to the young plant. 3. (Mining, die.) A framework for protecting a miner in working an adit; it is pushed forward as the work progresses. Shield drake (shield7drake), n. The shel- Shield fern (shiled'fern), n. (Bot.) The genus Aspidium; the wood-fern. Shiel ing (shieling), n. The same as Sheal- ing. Shift (shift), n. 1. A squad or turn of men to take a spell of work at stated intervals; the working time of such squad or relay of men: a spell or turn of work; as, a day-shift and a night-shift. A double shift or single shift indicates two sets or one set of men to a work, A three-turn shift con- sists of three re-lays, working eight hours each. 3. (Agric.) An alteration or variation in the succession of crops: as, a three years' shift, a four years' shift. [Eng.] 3. (Build.) A mode of arranging the tiers of plates, bricks, timbers, planking, &c., so that the joints of adjacent rows shall not coincide. 4. (Mining-eng.) A fault or dislocation, ac- companied by depression of one portion, destroy- ing the continuity; a slip. 5. (Mus.) A change of the position of the hand m violin playing, by which the first finger of the player has to temporarily become the nut. Shifts are complete changes of four notes; thus, the first shift on the violin is when the first fin- ger is on a of the first string; and second shift when it is on d above. The intermediate points on which the finger can be placed are called po- sitions. To make shift. See Make, v. Shift a hie (shift'a-ble), a. Capable of being shifted, moved or changed. Shift er (shifter), n. Knitting-Machine. One of the beardless needles (or awns, as they have no eyes) which, by suitable mechanism under the control of their attendant, operate to disengage the outer loops of the course and put them on the next inner or the next outer needles for nar- rowing or widening. Shifter-bar. (Knitting-ma- chine) A bar having stops or projections, whose office is to stop one needle-carrier bolt while they lift the other. Shift i Iiess (shiftl-ness), n. The state or quality of being shifty or variable; changeable- Shift y (shifty), a. 1. Inclined to shift or change; changeable, shifting. it. Full cf shifts; fertile in expedients or re» sources; well able to shift for one's self. 3. In a bad sense. Full of shifts, tricks, or evasions: given to shifting or trickery. Z Sliil ly shal ly, shill I shall I (shilly- shally), (shll'll-sh&lli), adv. In an rresolute or hesitating manner; hesitatingly. "I am somewhat dainty in making a resolu- tion, because when I make, I keep it; I don't stand shill-I-shall-I then; If I say't, I'll do't."— * Congress: Way of the World. Shim (shim), n. [Etym. doubtful.] 1. (Mach.) A thin piece of metal placed between two parts to make a fit. It is sometimes used in adjusting the parts of a journal-box to a crank-pin or wrist, either in the original fitting or in taking up lost motion. 2. Stone-working. One of the plates in a jump- er-hole to fill out a portion of the thickness not occupied by the wedges or feathers. Shim mer ing [shim'mer-ing), n. A gleaming or glittering. Shin (shin), v. i. To run about hastily, to try and borrow money for a short time, in order to pay one's notes at a bank. [U. &.] Bartlett. Sliin (shin), v. t. To climb by embracing with the arms and legs, and pulling one's self up; to swarm up. [Colloq.] Shin die (shln'dle), n. [Lat. scindula = wooden tile, from scindo = to cut, to cleave, to split; Ger. schindel.] [Ofrs.] 1. A shingle. "Cornelius Nepos writeth, that the houses in Rome were no otherwise covered over head but with shindies."—P. Holland: Plinie, bk. xvi., ch. x. it. A roofing slate. Shin die (shin'dle), v. t. [Shindle, $.] To cover over or roof with shingles. [Obs.] Shin dy (shin'dy), n. [Etym. doubtful. Leland suggests a derivation from the Gipsy chingaree or chindi = quarrel.] 1. A row, a rumpus, a spree. [Slang.] "Hear them for miles kicking up their wild Barham: Ingoldsby Legends; Ingoldsby Pen- Cl7hC€', 2. A liking for; a fancy. [ U. S.] Bartlett. 3. The same as Shinty. Shine (shine), n. A fancy or liking for one; as, He took quite a shine to her. [Colloq.] To take the shine out of. To cast into the shade; to excel; to surpass. Shin gle (shin'gle), v. t. 1. To cut the hair in such a manner that one portion laps over the other, like shingles. 2. To perform the process of shingling on. See Shingling. Shingling (shln//gllng), n. (Iron-work.) The operation of removing slag, &c., from puddled iron, and forming the ball into shape for the puddle-rolls. Shingling-gauge. A device for ad- justing shingles in the proper position for nail- ing. Shingling-hatchet. A tool with a poll, used in nailing on shingles, a bit for occasionally trim- ming them to fit, and a claw for drawing the nails. Shin ing (shining), p. a.—Syn. Shining, Bril- liant, Sparkling. The emission of light, is the common idea conveyed by these terms. Shining is emitting light in a full stream from a polished surface; brilliant denotes the emission of the whole body of light, and may, therefore be ap- plied to natural or artificial light; sparkling means emitting light in small portions; as the light of the sun sparkles when it falls on polished knobs or small points; the fire sparkles in the burning of wood.—Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Sliin log (shlnl6g), n. An East Indian name for a crooked stick of timber. Shin ner (shln'ner), n. [Eng. shin; -er: that is, one who plies his shins or legs regularly. 1. One who goes about amongst his acquaintances bor- rowing money to meet pressing demands. The practice itself is called shinning.—[ XJ. S.] 2. A stocking.—[06s.] Shin ning (shin'nlng), n. See Shinner 1. Shin ty (shin'tjO n. [Gael. sinteag=a skip, a bound.] 1. A game played in Scotland, corre* sponding to the English hockey. 2. The club or stick used in playing sucti game. Ship (ship), n. Ship-biscuit: A kind of hard, coarse biscuit, prepared for long keeping and for Notation: a, e, l, 0, a, y, long; &, e, I, 6, ft, y, short; cftre, fftr, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fSr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; $ as s; qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. gMT*0n this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of "both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. 76*SH1PFUL A use on board ship. Ship-breaker: A person whose occupation is to break up vessels which are no longer fit for service. Ship-fever: (Pathol.) A popular name, and till 1750 the technical appella- tion for typhus when produced by overcrowding on board ship. Ship-jack: A compact and porta- ble form of hydraulic jack, adapted for lifting ships and other heavy objtects. Ship-joiner: A ship-carpenter. Ship-letter: A letter sent by private ship and not by mail. Ship"1 simpers: The papers or documents required for the manifesta- tion of the property of the ship and cargo. They are of two kinds: (1) Those required by the law of a particular country, as th« certificate of reg- istry, license, charter-party, bills of lading, bills of health, &c., (2) those required by the law of nations to be on board neutral ships, to indicate their title to that character. Ship-worm, ship- borer: (Zool.) Teredo Navalis. "The ship-worm, as this mollusk is appropri- ately called, from its depredations on ships and all submerged wooden structures, is found in most seas."—Wood: Illus. Nat. Hist., iii. 436. Ship-yard: A yard or piece of ground near the water, in which ships or vessels are constructed; a shipbuilding yard. "In the ship-yard stood the Master, With the model of the vessel." Longfellow: Building of the Ship. Ship fill (ship'i'iil), n. As much or as many as a ship will contain; enough to fill a ship. " The time will soon be upon us when the ar- ' rival of a shipful of such precious wares will cease to excite curiosity."—Pall Mall Gazette, Nov. 2, 1883. Ship let (ship'let), n. A little ship. [06s.] " Whither shiplets do sometimes resort for suc- cor."—Ilolinshed: Descript. Britain, ch. xii. Ship rigged (shlp'rlgged), a. (Naut.) Rigged with square sails and spreading yards, like a three- masted ship. Shi raz (shl-razO (shl-rfiz')i n. [See def.] A Per- sian wine from Shiraz. Shire (shir or sher ), n. Shire-reeve. A sheriff. Shire-town. The chief of a town of a shire; a country town. Shirk: (shirk), v.t. [The same word as shark, v.] To procure by mean tricks; to shark. Shir ky (shir k^), a. Inclined to shirk; character- ized by shirking. Shirl (shirl), a. Shrill, [Prov. Eng.") Shirr (shirr), n. [Etym. doubtful.] {Fabric): an elastic cord inserted between two pieces. feliist ose (shist Ose), a. Schistose. ^liiv er (shiv'er), n. 1. A thin cut or slice; a shive. "Of your white breed nat but a shiver." Chaucer: C. T.,7,422. A small wedge or key. [Prov. Eng.] Shiv er (shlv'er). A shaking fit; a trembling or tremulous motion. The Shivers: The Ague. Shoad pit (shoad'plt), n. A hole dug to prospect or intercept the vein in a mine. "The shoads or trains of metallick fragments borne off from them."—Woodward: on Fossils. Shoad ing (shoad'ing), n. The act of prospecting for minerals by means of shoads. Shoal (shoal), v. t. (Naut). To cause to become more shallow; to move or pass from a greater to a less depth of. ' "We suddenly shoaled our water."—Cook: Third Voyage, bk. v. ch., v. Shock (shdek), n. 1. (Pathol.) A sudden and violent derangement of any organ or of the nerv- ous system, and through it of the general frame, consequent on sudden injury, the sight of any- thing painful or terrible, or the reception of very startling news. (Galvanism) The shock from a Galvanic battery. 3. [0. Dut. shocke=a shock, cock, or heap; Sw. skock=a crowd, a heap; Ger. schock; Dan. skok; Sw. skock=three score sheaves.] (a) A collec- tion of cut stalks of corn standing in the field around a central core of four stalks, whose tops are diagonally woven together and bound at the intersection. This central support holds the stalks while they are being set up, and is called a gallows. The shock should be bound when about one-third of the stalks are in place, and bound again when all are gathered. [£7. £.] (b) (Com.) A lot of sixty pieces of loose goods, as staves. Syn. Shock, concussion. Shock denotes a violent shake or agitation; concussion, a shaking together. The shock is often instantaneous, but does not necessarily extend beyond the act of the moment; the concussion is permanent in its consequences, it tends to derange the system. Hence the differ- ent application of the terms: the shock may affect either the body or the mind; the concussion af- fects properly only the body, or corporeal objects: 710 a violent and sudden blow produces a shock at the moment it is given; but it does not. always a concussion: the violence of a fall will, however, sometimes produce a concussion in the brain, which in future affects the intellect. Crafob-.Eng. Synonyms. Shock (shdek), n. [A variant of shag.] A mass of close matted hair. Shock-dog. A dog with long, rough hair; a kind of shaggy dog. Shock (shdek), v. t. To make up into shocks or stooks; as, To shock corn. Shocle, Slioding (shode), shod'ing) n. The same as Shoad, Shoading. Shoe (shoo), n. 1. (Mach.) (a) A bot- tom piece on which a body is supported, (b) A piece on which an object is placed while moving to prevent its being worn, (c) the iron point of a pile. 2. (Milling) The spout beneath the feeding- hopper. 3. (Mining) (a) An inclined trough in an ore- crushing mill, (b) A removable piece of iron at the bottom of a stamp or muller. 4. (Naut.) (a) A wooden piece secured to an anchor during the operation of fishing; it holds the point as the anchor rises, and keeps it from tearing the ship's side, (b) A board lashed to the fluke to extend its area and consequent bearing surface when in the ground, (c) A foot-board on which a spar is erected, to act as a jib in hoisting. 5. (Rail.-eng.) That part of a brake which is brought in contact with the wheel. ©. (Shipwright) The step of a mast. To be in another's shoes: To be in his place; to take his place. To die in one's shoes: To be hanged. [Slang.] To put the shoe on the right foot: To lay the blame on the right person. Shoe-billed, stork. (Ornith.) Balce-niceps rex, a large stork found on the Upper Nile. It figures in many Arab myths. Called also the Boot-bill. Shoe-block. (Naut.) A block having two sheaves which revolve in planes at right angles to each other. Shoe-pack. See Pag. Shoe-stirrup. (Saddlery) A 6tirrup having a foot-rest shaped like a shoe. Shoe-stone. A whetstone for a shoe-knife. Shog trot^(shdg'trdt), n. A jog-trot. Shoot (shoot), v. t. rilbe shot, I'm shot: A mild, euphemistic form of oat. To be shot (or shut) of: To be freed or released from; to be quit of. [Colloq.] To shoot a bolt: To push it home into the socket. To shoot one's bolt: To exhaust one's resources or opportunities. "The boy who won never did anything in later life. He had shot his bolt."—Daily News, Oct. 8, 1886. To shoot the moon: To abscond without paying one's rent._ [Slang Eng.'] Shoot (shoot), n. 1. A'channel in a river form- ing a cut-off or an inclined plane for logs ; chute or shute. 3. A branch from a main water-pipe. 3. (Mining) A vein or branch of ore running in the same general direction as the lode. "I hope to be advanced enough to make our first shoot pass."—Money Market Review, Nov. 7, 1885. 4. (Weaving) The woof. To take the shoot: To go by the way of a shoot instead of the main channel; hence, to act promptly and decidedly : To do anything in the most dir ect manner. [ U. S. J Shoot er (shoot'er), n. 1. An implement or weapon used in shooting; as, a pea-shooter, a six- shooter. 2. A shooting-star. 3. The guard of a coach. [Eng.] 4. (Cricket) A ball that pitches and x^lls along the ground. Slioot ing (shooting), p. a. Shooting-box. A house for the accommodation of a sportsman dur- ing the shooting season. Shooting-coat. A varie- ty of coat adapted for wear while shooting. Shooting-stick. (Printing) A piece of "Wood or nietal, usually about one foot long, llA inches wide, and V& inch thick, by which the quoins are driven in locking up the form in the chase. The form lies on the imposing stone, the foot- and side-sticks are against the pages, and the quoins are driven be- tween the sticks and the frame of the chase. Shoot ress (shoot'rSss), n. A female shooter. [06s.] "For that proud shootress scorned weaker game." Fairfax: Godfrey of Boulogne, xi. 41. Shop (sh6p), n. Shop-bill. An advertisement of a shop-keeper's business,or list of his goods,printed separately for distribution. Shop-boy. A boy en- gaged in a shop. Shop-girl. A girl employed in a shop. Shop-maid, s. A young female employed as an assistant in a shop. Shop-shift. A shift or SHOUTING trick of a shopkeeper, deception, fraud. [06«.] (Ben Jonson.) Sho2>walker. Ati overseer or superintendent in a large shop, who walks about in front of the counters attending to customers, directing them to the proper departments, and seeing that they are properly served, &c. Shop- woman. A woman who serves in a shop. To smell of the shop. To act or talk so as to indicate one's profession or business. To talk shop. To speak too much or at improper times of one's bus- iness, calling, or profession. "Nothing is more absolutely barred than talk- ing s/iop."—Scribner's Magazine, Dec. 1878, p. 287. Syn.—See Store. Shop per (shdp per), n. One who shops ; one who frequents shops. Shor age (shor age), n. Duty paid on goods brought on shore. Shor er (shor'er), n. A shore, a prop. Sir T. More: Workes, p. 473. Shore ward (shore'ward), a. or adv. Towards the shore. "Sailing where the shoreward ripple curled." A. C. Swinburn: Tristram of Lyonesse, viii. Shor ing (shor'ing), n. 1. The act of support- ing with shores or props. &. A number or set of shores or props taken collectively. Short (shdrt), a. (Prosody) Not prolonged in sound: as, a short vowel, a short syllable. Short- commons. A short or scanty allowance of food. Short-cut. (a) A near or short road to a place. (b) A kind of tobacco, so called from the manner in which it is cut. ^ " Shortcut or long, 'tis all the same to me." W. B. Rhodes: Bombastes Furioso. Short-headed Flying Phalanger: (Zool.) Pe- taurus breviceps, from New South Wales. Short- headed Whale: (ZoOl.) Physeter simus (Owen). A little-known whale, from six to ten feet long, almost porpoise-like in (teneral appearance, spec- imens of which have been obtained from the Cape of Good Hope, the East Indies, and Aus- tralia. Well-maked dorsal behind middle of body, short flippers, and a snout with a margin like that of a pig; upper surface black, yellow or light flesh-color beneath. Short-sxjoken. Speak- ing in a short, abrupt, or quick-tempered man- ner ; curt, short. Short-tailed bangsring. (Zo6l.) Hylomys suillus, a small insectivorous mammal from Sumatra. The muzzle is prolonged into a movable snout, and the tail very short and naked. To sell short: To sell for future delivery what the seller does not at the time hold, bufc hopes to buy at a lower rate. [ U. S. Stock Exchange. Short en er (shOrt'en-er), n. One who or that which shortens. Shorts (shOrts), n. pi. The Shorts. (Stock Ex- change) Those who are unprovided with stocks which they had promised to deliver according to contract. Shot (shdt) n. An inferior animal taken dut of a drove of cattle or a flock of sheep; also a young hog. Shot-belt. A long leather tube for shot, worn as a baldric, and having a charger at the lower end. Shot-box. (Naut.) A box in which grape or canister shot are placed near the guns. Shot-silk. A silk stuff whose warp and weft threads are of two colors, so as to exhibit changeable tints under varying circumstances of light. Shot- sorter. A frame with a series of seives of differ- ent grades of fineness, to sort shot into various grades of size. Shot-table. A device for insuring the equal shrinkage of shot in all directions while cooling. Shot-tower. A tall building from the summit of which melted lead is dropped into a cistern of water. Shot clog (shdtfeldg), n. One who was a mere clog on a company, but who was tolerated be- cause he paid the shot for the rest. though ( sho ), interj. [ Shoo. ] Begone! off! away! "Shough ! shoughl up to your coop, peahen."—» Beaum & Flet. : Maid in the Mill. Should (shood), pret. of shall. Syn.—See Ought. Shout (shout), v. t. To treat a person with liquor. (Austr, & U. S. slang.) "He shouted, or treated to liquor everybody who entered the bar."—G. A. Sala in Daily Tele- graph, March 29, 1886. To shout at. To deride or mock with shouts; to deride. Shout (shout), v. t. To utter with a shout; to cry out loudly. Often with out: as, He shouted out my name. Shout ing (shout7 Ing), p. a. Expressing some- thing that meets with decided approval, or coin- cides with the feelings of another; as, now you are shouting. (Slang, U. S.) Notation: a, 6,1, 0, n, y, long; &, 6,1, 6, ti, f, short; cftre, fflr, l&st, fall, what; thfire, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sb; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; s as gz; u as in nager, link; tii as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SHOVE 711 SYBILIST Shove (shiiv), n. & v. See Push. Shove ( shuv ), n. Shove-board. A sort of game played by pushing or shoving pieces of money along a board, on which were cut a num- ber of transverse liDes, the object being to play the coin so that it rested between each set of lines; also the board on which the game was played. Also called shove-groat, shovel-board, shuffle-board, shave-halfpenny, and shovel-penny. Shove-groat, and shove - halfpenny. The same as Shove- board. Shov el ( shuvl), n. Shovel - penny. See Shove-board. Shovel -plough, shovel-plow. A plow having a simple triangular share and em- ployed for cultivating ground between growing crops. Shov el fill (shuvl-ful), n. As much as a shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel. "Then three times laid upon his head A shovelful of churchyard clay." Longfellow: Golden Legend, i. Show (show), n. 1. {Med.) A mucous discharge, streaked with blood, which takes place one, two, or three days before a woman falls into labor. 2. Chance; opportunity; means of doing any- thing; as, give the boy a show; he had no show. (Colloq.) Show card (show'cfir^- n. A tradesman's card, advertising goods or novelties; also, a pattern- card. Show er i ness (show'er-i-ness) n. The qual- ity or state of being showery. Show glass (show glass) n. A glass in or through which anything Is seen; a showman's glass; a mirror. Show man (show'man), n. The proprietor of a show. Show stone (show'stone), n. A glass or crystal ball by means of which fortune-tellers professed to foretell future events. Shram (shram), v. t. [Etym. doubtful.] To make to shrink or shrivel, as with cold; to be- numb. [Prov. Eng.] Shred ding (shred'ding), n. (Carp.) (PI.) Short, light pieces of timber, fixed as bearers be- low the roof, forming a straight line with the up- per side of the rafters; furrings. Shred dy (shrM'dy), a. Consisting of shreds or fragments. Shree ta ly (shree'ta-ly), n. (Bot.) An East Indian name for Corypha umbraculifera, the tali- pot palm, which yields a substance resembling flour. Shrew (shrtl), a. Churlish, shrewish. [O&s.] "Yet was he to me the most shrew." Chaucer: C. T. 6,087. Shrewd (shrtid), n. Syn.—Shrewd, Sag- Sagacious. Shrewd, probably from the Teutonic beschreyen, to enchant, signifies inspired or en- dowed with a strong portion of intuitive intellect. The shrewd man has a keen penetration which enables him to detect errors, and combat the sel- fishness of others. Sagacious, is less objective, and has less to do with others and more with one- self. It is a higher quality, involving practical wisdom of conduct, the manifestation of certain faculties of practical understanding inherent in the nature. Sagacity is practical intelligence. It is penetrative and separative, but, unlike shrewd- ness, goes on from perception and discrimination to action. It detects the hidden, unravels the complicated, tracks the intricate, solves the diffi- cult, elucidates the obscure.—Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated. Shrew mole ( shrtv'mole), n. (Zo6l.) Sc-alops aquatica, often called the Mole in the United States, through which it "" widely dis- tributed. The snout is slender a elongated, and the toes of the hind feet are weubed. Shrill (shrill), v. i. To sound shrilly or pierc- ingly. "First shrilled an unrepeated female shriek/' Scott: Don Roderick, xix. Shrill (shrill), v. t. To utter in a shrill tone. "Death shrilled hard and quick, in spite and fear; Ha! ha! and what mayst thou do at the domes." R. Browning: Balaustion^s Adventures. Shrill tongued (shrilltunged), a. 1. Shrill- voiced. "When shrill-tongued Fulvia scolds." Shakesp.: Anthony & Cleopatra, i. 1. 2. Speaking in a high tone. i 'Is she shrill-tongued or low ?" Shakesp.: Anthony 6b Cleopatra, iii. 3. Slirill voiced (shrill'voiced), a. Having a shrill or piercing voice or sound. "Confin es the sh rill-voiced whirlwind round and round." Wordsworth: Excursion, bk. iii. Shril ly (shrilly), a. Somewhat shrill; inclined to shrillness. "And children that unwitting why, Lent the gay shout their shrilly cry." Scott: Lady of the Lake, iii. 20. Shrimp net (shrimp net), n. A small-meshed bag-net, mounted on a hoop and pole for catch- ing shrimps. Slirine (shrine), n. A place or object sacred or hallowed from its associations or history; an altar. "Lovers are in rapture at the name of their fair idol; they lavish out all their incense upon that shrine."— Wa tts. Shrink (shrink), v. t. To shrink on (Mach.) To fix firmly on by causing to shrink, as a tire on a wheel or a hoop round a cannon is shrunk on by making it slightly smaller than the part it is to fit, exj^anding it by the heat till it can be slip- ped into its j>lace, and then allowing it to cool. Shrink, ing (shrinking) p. a. Shrinking-head. (Founding.) A body of molten metal in the gate of a mold, to supply metal to the casting during shrinking. Also called a Sinking head. Slirite (shrite), n. [Etym. doubtful.] (Ornith.) A local name for the thrush. [Eng.] Sliri\Te (shrive), v. t. To make confession; to confess. (Used reflexively.) "Kneel thee down by me, And shrive thee so clean of thy deadly sin." Scott: Gray Brother. Shrive (shrive), v, i. 1. To administer con- fession and absolution. "Where holy fathers Want to shrive." Spenser: Shepherds Calendar; Aug. 2. To confess; to make confession. "And who art thou, thou Gray Brother, That I should shrive to thee?" Scott: Gray Brother. Shroff age (shrdif'age), n. The examination of coins, and the separation of the good from the debased. [Simmonds.] Shroud (shroud) n. (Hydraul-eng.) One of the annular peripheral plates of a water-wheel, forming the ends of the buckets; usually termed the sides of the buckets, as occupying positions at the sides of the wheel. Shroud-bridle, (Naut.) A kind of crowfoot fastened to the shrouds, to hlod sheets, braces, &c. Shroud-laid. (Rope Making) A term applied to a rope made of four strands twisted around a core. Shroud-plate, (a) (Mach.) [See Shroud, n.] (b) (Naut.) 1. An iron plate fixed to the ship's side for the attach- ment of the ahrouds. 2, A ring surrounding a mast and to which the futtock-shrouds are secured. Shroud-rope. (Naut.) A fine quality of hawser-made rope, used for shrouds. Sliroud ing (shrouding), n. The same as Shroud, (q. v.) Shroud less (shroudless), a. Without a shroud. "Lies shroudless unentombed.'1 Dodsley: Melpomene. Slirowd (shrowd), v. t. To trim or prune. \_Prov. Eng.] Shude (shude), n. [Etym. doubtful, but prob. connected with shed, v.] The husks of rice and other refuse of rice-mills, largely used to adul- terate linseed-cake. [Simmonds.] Shunt (shunt), v. t. 1. To shun; to avoid. [Proy. Eng.] 2. To give a start to; to shove. [Eng.] 3. To move or turn aside. 4. To get rid of; to push or set aside; to free from, as something disagreeable. "He did not do me any harm, and a friendly policeman came up and gently shunted him.— London Daily Telegraph, March 15, 1886. Shunt (shunt), n. (Ordn.) The transference of the studs on a projectile from the deeper to the shallower sides of the grooves of a gun in passing along the bore, so that it may leave the bore axially, as is affected in Armstrong's and some other systems of rifling.' Shuntgun. (Ordn.) A rifled gun having two sets of grooves one down which the studs on the projectile are passed in loading, and another, not so deep, along which the studs pass in discharging thus fitting tightly in the shallow rifling of the, double groove, the ball being shunted from one set to the other at the bottom of the bore by the explosion of the charge. Shut (shut), v. t. To cause to become silent by argument, retort, authority, or force; to cause to cease; to put an end to the action of. (Colloq.) To shut up shop: To come to an end; to cease to exist. "It would not be many months before, to use a homely expression, our mercantile marine would shut up shop.''''—Pall Mall Gazette, Oct. 29, 1884. Shut (shut), v. i. To cease speaking; to become silent. [Colloq.] Shut (sh\it), p. a. 1. Not resonant or sonor- ous ; dull. (Said of sound.) 2. (Orthoepy. ) Applied to the sound of a let- ter suddenly interrupted or stopped by a succeed- ing consonant, as the i in grit. "Since the shut of evening none had seen him." Dry den: Don Sebastian, iv. 1. Shut (shut), n. (Metal-work.) The line of junc- tion of two pieces of metal united by welding. Cold shut: [See Cold-shut.] Sliute (shute), n. [The same as chute or shoot.] Shut tie (shuttle), n. Shuttle-box. One of a set of compartments containing shuttles with dif- ferently colored threads, and brought in relation with the picker according to the pattern. Shut- tle-brained. a. Volatile, unsteady, fickle. Shut- tle-check, (Weaving) A contrivance to prevent a shuttle from bouncing out of the box by recoil. Shuttle-race. (Weaving) The shuttle-path on the lay of a loom. Shuttle-shaped dart. (Entom.) A British night-moth, Agrotis puta. Shuttle- train. (Railway) A train that goes backwards and forwards over the same distance, the position of the engine only being changed. Shut tie (shut tle), v. i, To move quickly back- wards and forwards, like a weaver's shuttle. "Their corps go marching and shuttling in the interior of the country."—Carlyle: French Revol., pt. ii., bk. vi., ch. 1. Sliy (sh>~ ) v. t. To throw, as a stone, at a person or thing. "With a grievous 'clod' in his hand to shy at it." —London Daily Telegraph, Sept. 17, 1885. Shy (shy) n. 1. The act of throwing a stone, or the like. 2. A throw, a fling. "There you go Polly; you are always having a shy at Lady Ann and her relations."—Thackeray.• Newcomes, ch. xvi. Shy ness (shjT/n6ss), n. Syn.—Shyness, Mod- esty, Bashfulness, Diffidence. Shyness is generally caused by undue self-consciousness, and a fear that everyone is watching our actions; modesty is a habit or principle of the mind; bash- fulness is a state of feeling; modesty is at all times becoming; bashfulness is only becoming in fe- males, or very young persons, in the presence of their superiors; modesty discovers itself in the absence of everything assuming, whether in look, word, or action; bashfulness betrays itself by a downcast look and a timid air; a modest de- portment is always commendable; bashful tem- per is not desirable. Modesty is a proper distrust of ourselves; diffidence is a culpable distrust. Modesty, though opposed to assurance, is not in- compatible with a confidence in ourselves; dffl- dence altogether unmans a person, and disquali- fies him for his duty. [Crabb: Eng. Synonyms.1 Si a mese (si'a-mege"), a. [See def.] (Geog.) Belonging or pertaining to Siam, its inhabitants, or language. Si a mese (sl'-a-mege"), n. (Geog.) 1. (Sing or PI.) An inhabitant or native, or the inhabi- tants of Siam. 2. The language of the people of Siam. It is monosyllabic and uninflected. Si he ri an (si-be'ri-an), a. Siberian-crab. (Bot.) Pyrus prunifolia, from Siberia, bearing pink flowers. Siberian-dog. (Zool.) A variety of the Esquimaux dog, but of larger size and more docile temper. They do not stand so high as the pointer, but their thick hair, three or four inches long in the winter, gives them an appearance of greater stoutness. Under this hair is a coating of soft, fine wool, which begins to grow in the winter, and drops off in the spring. Muzzle sharp, generally black; ears erect. Siberian pea- tree. (Bot.) The papilionaceous genus Carag- ana. Siberian sub-region. (Zo6l and Geog.) A division of the Palsearctic region, extending from Kamtchatka and Behring's Straits, and from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the Himalayas of Sikkim in 29° N. lat. Sib il anee (sibll-an^e), n. The quality or state of being sibilant; a sibilant or hissing sound. Sib il ate (slbll-ate), v. t. [Latin, sibilatum, sup. of sibilo=to hiss.] To pronounce with a hissing sound, as that of s or z: to marjc with a character indicating such pronunciation. Sib il ous (sibll-o&s), a. [Lat. sibilus, from sibilo—to hiss.] Hissing, sibilant. (Rare.) Sib yl ist (sib'yl-ist), n. A devotee of or be- liever in the Sibyls; a believer in the Sybilline oracles. " Upon Celsus mentioning a sect of Christians called Sibyllists. Origen tells us, that these were such as using the sibylline testimonies, were called so in way of disgrace, by other Christians, who would not allow the sybil to have been a prophetess.—Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 284. Notation: a, e,1, 0, ft, y, long; a, e, i, 6, ti, f, short; cfire, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fOr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; sh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; $ as gz; cl as in linger, liok; tti as in thine. J^F"0n this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SICCA 712 SILICIU KETED Sic ca (slc'ea), n. [Hindoo.] An Indian jewel- ler's weight of about 180 grains troy. Si cil i ail (sl-£ll-l-an), a. ("See def.] (Geog.) Belonging or pertaining to Sicily or its inhab- itants. Si cil i an (sl-$l'I-an), n. A native or inhab- itant of Sicily. Sick (sick), a. 1. Occupied by or set apart for sick persons; as, a sick room. J®. A trade term applied to wine when it looses its brightness and becomes turbid; caused, ac- cording to Pasteur, by low vegetable cells or or- ganisms, the growth and development of which are promoted by slight elevations of temperature, or exposure to air. Sick-bed. Abed to which one is confined by sicknecs. Sick-headache. See Megrim. On thesicklist: Indisposed, Sick man. (Hist.) A term applied to Turkey on January 15, 1854, by the Czar Nicholas, in a conversation with Sir Hamil- ton Seymour, the British ambassador at St. Petersburg. The Czar intimated his opinion that Turkey was sick and dying. He therefore pro- posed that, to avoid a European war when the demise took place, Russia and Great Britain 6hould come at once to a private arrangement as to the disposal of the Sick Man's effects. As France was ignored in the arrangement, there was some doubt as to the good faith of the Czar. The British Government rejected the proposal, intimated its belief in the recovery of the Sick Man, and soon after fought by his side in the Crimean war. Sick lied (sicklied), p. a. Rendered sickly or nauseating. Sick ly (sickly), adv. 1. In a sickly manner; unhealthily. •'We wear our health but sickly in his life, Which in his death were perfect." Shakesp.: Macbeth, iii. 1. Reluctantly; with reluctance or aversion. "Cold and sickly he vented them." Shakesp.: Antony and Cleopatra, iii. 4. Si Cle (sl cle), n. A shekel. [Obs.] Sid clow (sld'dow), a. [Etym. doubtful.] Soft, pulpy. [Pror. Eng.~\ Side (side), n. By the side of: Near to, adjoining, close at hand. Exterior side: See Exterior. Interior side. (Fort.) A line extending from the centre of one bastion to that of the next, or the line of the curtain drawn to the two oblique radii in front. Side by side: Close together and abreast. To put on side: To assume an air of un- due importance; to be conceited. (A metaphor probably taken from billiards.) " He is one among the few successful music-hall people who do not put on side."—Referee, Jan. 16, 1887. Side (side), a. Side-bar. (a.) {Saddlery) One of the two plates which unite the pommel and cantle of of a saddle, (b.) (Carriage) One of the longitudinal side-pieces of a traveling-forge or battery-wagon. Side-bar rule. (Law) A rule obtained at cham- bers, without counsel's signature to a motion paper, on a note of instruction to a solicitor. Side-fillister. (Joinery) A plane for making a rabbet. The width and depth are regulated by a movable stop. Much used in planing stuff for window-sashes. Side-flap. (Saddlery) A piece of leather which hangs between the stirrup-strap and the skirting. Side-glance. A glance to one side; a side long glance. Side-head, (a.) (Mach.) An auxiliary side-rest on a planing-machine. (b.) (Print.) A paragraph, in which the heading, or title, is set at the beginning of the matter, in- stead of in a separate line. Side-lever. (Steam- eng.) A heavy lever, working alongside the steam-cylinder and working in function to the working-beam. The side-levers communicate motion from the cross-tail to the side-rods, and they to the paddle-shaft. Side-pipe. (Steam eng.) A steam or exhaust pipe extending between the opposite steam-chests of a cylinder. Side-pond. (Hydr.-eng.) A reservoir at the side of a canal- lock to economize the water in locking. Side- post. (Carp.) One of a kind of truss-posts, placed in pairs, each disposed at the same distance from the middle of the truss, for the purpose of sup- porting the principal rafters, braces, crown or camber beams, as well as for hanging the tie- beam below. In extended roofs two or three pairs of side-posts are used. Side-rail. (Rail.- eng.) A short rail at a switch, to bear against the wheel-flange and keep the wheel on the track. Side-view. An oblique view; a view from one side. Side-walk. A foot-pavement on the side of a street or road for people to walk on. Side liill (side'hill), n. A descent or slope of a hill. Sid er al (sld'er-al), a. [Lat. sideralis, from sidust genit. sideris=a star.] Pertaining or re- lating to stars; sideral. "These changes in the heav'ns, though slow produced, Like change on sea and land, sideral blast, Vapor and mist, and exhalation hot, Corrupt; and pestilent."—Milton, P. L., x.693. Si de l*i al (sl-de'ri-al). a. Sidereal-aggregation. (Astron.) The hypoiheeis that stars are con- densed by the gradual cooling down of the phos- phorescent vapor of nebule. Sidereal-clock. A clock regulated to measure sidereal time, reck- oned by sidereal days of 23 h. 56 m. 4 s. mean solar time, which are measured by the interval between two successive passages of any fixed star over the same meridian, and divided into twenty-four sidereal hours. Sidereal-system. (As- tron.) An expression modeled on the appella- tion Solar-system. It is the system to which all suns with their planets belong. It embraces the Solar-sytem. Sidereal-time. See Sidereal-clock.) Sid er O (sld'er-o) pref. [Gr. lf, food, foot; fftrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c. ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; * as gz; j& as in linger, link; th as in tfcine. this page will "be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester s Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SIPHONIFEK 714 SKIRL tives obtain by smearing clay molds with the juice in successive layers. 2. (ZoQl. & Paleont.) A genus of Siliceous Sponges, family 1 etraclodina. Mass polymor- phous, free or fixed, ramose or simple, concave or fistulous above, porous at the surface, and pen- etrated by anastomosing canals which terminate in sub-radiating orifices within the cup. Type, Siphonia typum, from Sicily. They occur in great numbers in the Greensand. Si plion if er (si-phdn'if-er), n. [Siphonif- era.] Any member of the order Siphonifera (q. v.). Si pho nif er a (sl'pho-nlf'-'er-a), n. pi. [Eng. siphon, and Lat. fero=to bear.] (Zo6l.) D'Orbig- ny's name for an order of Mollusca, approximately equivalent to the modern Tetrnbranchiata (q.v.) Si plion os to ma (si phon-6s to-ma), n. [Eng. siphon, and Gr. aTOfxa (stoma) = a mouth.] (Ichthy.) A genus of Pipe-fishes, group Syngna- thina. Body with distinct ridges; pectorals and caudal well-developed, dorsal of moderate length, opposite the vent. Males with an egg-pouch on the tail,the eggs being covered by cutaneous folds. Si phon os tome (si pho-nCs^tome), n. [Si- phonostomata. ] Any mollusc belonging to the division Siphonostomata (q.v.) Sip id (sip id), a. [Lat. sipidus; cf. insipid.] Possessing taste or flavor; savory. [06s.] Sip pling (slppilng), a. Sipping frequently; tippling. [06s.] Sir car (slr'ear), n. A circar. Sire (sire), n. [The same word as sir. A title of respect, addressed to seniors or superiors; sir. It is now used only in addressing a king or other sovereign prince. "Sire knight, (quod he) my master and my lord." Chaucer: C. T., 839. (Prol.) Si ren (sl'ren), n. 1. A charming, alluring, or seductive woman; a woman dangerous from her powers of alluring or enticing. "Oh, train me not, sweet mermaid,with thy note, To drown me in thy sister's flood of tears* Sing, siren, to thyself, and I will dote." Shakesp.: Comedy of Errors, iii. 2. 2. Something alluring, seductive, or insidious. Si rene (sl-rene'), n. In its most elementary form the sirene is simply a perforated rotating disk, against which a current of air is directed, producing sounds of higher or lower pitch, accor- ding to the velocity of rotation. The improved sirene of Heimholtz consists of two equal discs, one forming the top of a hollow fixed cylinder into which air can be driven, the other capable of revolving concentrically upon it with the smallest possible amount of friction. A circle of small holes, equidistant from each other, is bored upon each disk, and concentric with it, those in the upper disk being inclined slantwise to its plane, those in the lower being slantwise also, but in the opposite direction. There are arrangements for registering the number of revolutions the upper disk performs in a minute. Sir itch (slr'Itch), n. [Arab.] A sweet oil derived from the seeds of Sesamum orientate, by pressure, and much used as an article of diet, for rubbing the body, and for lamps. Sis e ra ra, Sis e ra ry (sis'e-ra-ra, sis'e-ra- ry)> n. [A corrupt, of certiorari (q. v.).] A hard or severe blow. [Prov. Eng.'] Sis ko wit (sis'ko-wlt). n. [American Indian name.] (Ichthy.) Salmo siscowet (Agass.) A species of salmon found in Lake Superior. "The siskowit is of large size, stout and thick, of a rich flavor, but so fat as to be almost unfit for food."—Ripley & Dana: Amer. Cyclop., xvi. 9. Sis mom e ter. (sis-mdm'e-ter), n. The same as Seismometer. _ _ Sis soo, Sis SOO (sis-soo', sis'soo), n. [Hind. sissoo, stssai.] (Bot.) Dalbergia Sissoo, a large timber-tree, with pinnate, drooping leaves; grow- i ing along the base of the Himalayas. It is used by shipbuilders in Bengal when crooked timbers and knees are required. Sist (sist), v. t. [Lat. sisfo=to stop.] (Scots Law) (a) To step, to stay. (6) To cite; to summon, to bring forward. Sist er (sister), a. Applied to females, or things regarded as female, of the same kind or condition; akin. "Thus have I given your lordship the best ac- count I could of the sister dialects of the Italian, Spanish and French."—Howell: Letters, bk. ii., let. 59. Sister-block. (Naut.) A fiddle-block. Sis tine (sis'tine), a. [Seedef.] Connected with or pertaining to Pope frixtus V.: as, the Sistine Chapel in the "Vatican at Rome. Si sym fori um sl-sym'bri-um), n. [Lat. from Gr. aicvfx^piov (sisumbrium)=a sweet smelling plant, probably mint or thyme. Not the modern genus. (Bot.) Hedge-mustard; the typical genus of Sisymbridte. Annuals or biennials, with simple hairs. Sit (sit), r. i. To sit at table: to sit at meat: To be at table for eating. To sit down: (a) To seat one's self on a chair or other seat. (6) To begin a eiege. "Nor would the enemy have sat down before it, till they had done their business in all other places."—Clarendon: Civil War. (c) To settle, to take up a permanent abode. [06s.] "From besides Tanais, the Goths, Huns, and Getes sat down."—Spencer: State of Ireland. (d) To rest content; to stay or stop; as being sat- isfied. "Here we cannot sit down, but still proceed in our search, and look higher for a support."— Rogers. Syn. See Set. Sit i ol o gy, si tol o gy (sit'l-dl^o-gy, si-tdl'- o-gy)i n. [Gr. o-irioi/ (sition) = food: Eng. suff. -ology.] (Med.) That department of medical science which deals with matters connected with diet; dietetics. (Mayne.) Sit ta (sit'ta), n. [Lat. from Gr. ctitttj (stffe)=a woodpecker. (Ornith.) Nuthach; the typical genus of the sub-family Sittinas; with seventeen species, ranging over the Palrearctic and Nearc- tic regions to South India and Mexico. Sit u a tion (sit/u-a//tion), n. Syn. See State. Situs (sl'ttts), n. [Lat.] (Bot.) The position oc- cupied by an organ. Six teentli (sixteenth), n. 1. One of the six- teen equal parts into which a whole is divided. 2. (Mus.) The replicate of the ninth; an inter- val consisting of two octaves and a second. Sixth rate (sixth'rate), n. An English ship of war commanded by a captain. Size (size), n. Syn. Size, Magnitude, Great- ness, Bulk. Size is a general term, including all manner of dimension or mesurement; magni- tude is employed in science or in an abstract sense to denote some specific measurement; greatness is applied in the same sense to objects in general, Size is indefinite; magnitude and greatness always suppose something great, and bulk denotes a considerable degree of greatness. ( Crabb.) Siz er (siz'er), n. 1. A machine of perforated plates to sort articles of varying sizes, as the coffee-sizers of Ceylon and Rio. 2. A gauge, as the bullet-steer, which has holes to determine the size of bullets. Size roll (size'roll), n. A small piece of parch- ment added to some part of a roll or record. Siz ing (slz'ing), n. (Cambridge University, Eng.) Food or drink ordered by a student from the buttery; a size. Sizing-cistern. A form of ore-separator which acts upon the metallifer- ous slime from the stamping-mill. Siz zle (siz zle), v. i. [A frequent, of siss.] To dry or shrivel up with a hissing noise by the ac- tion of fire. "To test whether the fat is hot enough, when the sizzling has ceased for a minute or two, and the smoke begins to appear, drop a small square of bread into it."—Scribner^s Magazine, March, 1880, p. 788. Siz zle (siz'zle), n. [Sizzle, v.] A hissing noise. Siz zling (siz'zllng), n. The hissing noise pro- duced as when something is frying over a fire. Skain (skain,) n. A skean. Skayle (skayle), n. A skittle; a ninepin. TProv. Eng. ] Ske dad die (ske-d&d'dle), v. i. [Etym. doubt- ful; perhaps allied to scud.'] To betake one's self hurriedly to flight: to run away as in a panic; to fly in terror, to make a hurried retreat, as from the presence of an enemy. [Colloq. U. 5.] Skein (skane), n. (Vehicle) A metallic strength- ening band or thimble on the wooden arm of an axle. The ordinary skein consists of three straps, let into slots in the arm. Skel e tol o gy (skel'e-tdF'o-gy), n. (Med.) The branch of anatomy which treats of the skeleton. (Dunglison.) Skel e ton ize (skSl'e-ton-ize), v. t. To form into a skeleton; to make a skeleton of. Skelp (skelp), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A strip of iron which is bent and welded into a tube to form a gun-barrei, or pipe. Sken (sk£n), v. i. [Cf. Sw. skela = to squint, skel- ning—squinting.] Prov. Eng. Sketch (sketch), n. (Mus.) (a.) A short move- ment, usually for the piano-forte, deriving its name from its descriptive character, or the sliglit- ness of its construction. (6.) The tentative treatment of a subject, to be afterwards fully worked out. "The sketches are in the key ofC."—Grove: DicU Music, iii. 527. Sketch-book, (a.) A book formed of drawing paper, and used for sketching in. (6.) A collec- tion of slight descriptions of people or places: as, W ashington Irving's Sketch book. Syn.—Sketch, Delineation, Outline. Sketch fills up the out- line in part, giving a few broad touches, by which a lively though imperfect idea is gained; while outline gives no more than the bounding lines of the scene or picture. Delineation goes farther than the others, having for its aim a fuller con- ception and larger representation. The object of an outline is to give some notion, however mea- gre; of a sketch, some representation, however imperfect; of a delineation, some amount of ac- curate knowledge. In the secondary sense, we speak of the outline of a plan, work or project; a sketch of an object, character or proceedings, where a lively, a delineation where an accurate^ impression is sought to be conveyed. Sketch i ly (sk^tch'i-ly), adv. In a sketchy manner; incompletely. "The authoress writes too sketchily at times."— Dailg Chronicle. Oct. 10, 1885. Skew arch, (sko'ftrch), n. (Arch.) A arch in which the front is oblique with the face of the abutment, instead of being at right angles thereto. Skew foald (sku^ald), a. [Eng. skew and bald.] Piebald. (Said of horses.) Properly piebald means spotted with white and black, skewbald spotted with white and any other color than black. Skid (skid), v. i. 1. To skip along obliquely. (Followed by with or on before a substantive.) "The cart skidded with the tramway rails."— Daily Chronicle, Oct. 3, 1885. 2. To revolve rapidly, as the wheel of a loco- motive, without biting the rails. To obviate this, the driving-wheels in goods engines are coupled. Skil der (skil'der), v. i. To live by begging or pilfering. (Scotch.) Skill (skill), n. Syn.—Skill, Dexterity, Adroit- ness. Skill is a familiar knowledge of any art or science, combined with a readiness of manipula- tion; dexterity denotes the ease with which any- thing is done; adroitness, like dexterity, implies facility of execution, but is more general in its application. The skillful man is versed in both the theory and practice of anything; the dextrous man executes successfully and readily; the adroit man is quick and effective in the operations of body and mind. Fallows' Synonyms Discrim• inated. Skilts (skilts), n. pi. A kind of short trousers, made of coarse material, formerly worn in some parts of the United States. (Local U. S.) Skim mer ton (skim mer-ton) n. The same as Skimmington. Skill (skin), n. 1. (Naut.) That part of a sail when furled which remains outside and covers the whole. To furl with a smooth skin or skin the sail up in the bunt, is to turn the skin well up, so as to cover the sail neatly. 2. (Shipbuild.) The casing covering the ribs of a ship. When this is of iron it consists of plates laid in alternate inside and outside strakes. Skin (skin), v. i. To present or deliver, as a composition, recitation, and the like, the produc- tion of another, as one's own. [Colloq. U. S. Universities and Colleges.] Skin-wool (skin'wdol), n. Wool plucked from the dead sheep. Skip jack (sklp'j&ek), n. 1. (Entom:) Any insect of the Elateridse. Called also Click-beetle and Snap-bug. "The British species are numerous, the largest not quite half an inch long. Skip-jack is another popular name for them."—Chambers' Cyclop. iii. 77. f 2. (Ichthy.) The same as Blue-fish. "Temnodon salt at or, sometimes called Skip-jack« is spread over nearly all the tropical and sub- tropical seas."—Giinther: Study of Fishes, p. 447. Skip per (sklp'per), n. 1. (Ichthy.) A name sometimes given to the Saury Pike, Scomberesosts saurus. 2. (Entom.) (PL): The family Hesperidae. So named from their short, jerky flight. The Grizzled Skipper is Thymele alveolus; the Dingy Skipper, Thannaos tages; the Chequered Skip- per, Steropes paniscus; the Small Skipper, Pam- phila linea: the Lulworth Skipper, P. actoeon; the Large Skipper, P. sylvanus; the Pearl or Silver- spotted skipper, P. comma. The rarest are the Lulworth and the Pearl. Skirl (skirl), v. i. [Allied to shrill.] To shriek; to cry out in a shrill voice; to give out a ehrili sound. (Scotch.) Notation: a, 6, i, 0, il, y, long; &, e, l, 6, ii, f, short; cfire, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, r\ide, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; a as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SKIRL 715 SLIDE "D'ye think ye'll help them wi' skirling that gate?"—Scott: Antiquary» ch. xxx. Skirl (skirl), n. [Skirl, v.] A shrill cry or souud. (Scotch.) "Done naething but laugh and greet, the skirl at the tail o' the guffa."—Scott: Antiquary, ch. xxv. Skirl ing (sklrl'ing), n. [Skirl, v.] A shrill cry; a skirl. (Scotch.) Skirt ing (sklrt'ing.) (Saddlery.) A padded lining beneath the flaps of a saddle. Skittle (skittle), n. Skittle-alley. An alley or court in which the game of skittles is played. Skittle-ball. A disk of hard wood used in the game of skittles. Skittle pot. (Metall.) A tall crucible, swelled towards the middle, used for reducing jeweler's sweepings. Skive (skive), n. The revolving table or lap charged with diamond powder, on which dia- monds are polished and other gems are ground. Sko lops ite (sko-lfips'lte), n. (Min.) A red- dish-grey, or grayish-white mineral, composed of silica, alumina, and soda. Dana. Skow (skow) , n. A scow. Skreed (skreed), n. Floating fragments of ice. Skrimpy (skrlmp'y), a. Mean; close-fisted; stingy; skrimpy. [Colloq.] Skue sight (skfte-slt) n. (Med.) A defect in the sight in which objects have to be looked at obliquely in order to be seen distinctly. Skulk (skfilk), n. A herd of foxes. Skull (skull), n. A scull or oar. Skull fish (skfill'fish), n. A whaler's name for an old whale, or one more than two years old. Skul pin (sktil'pln), n. (Ichthy.) (a) A sculpin. (b) The Dragonet. Sk um (skiim), n. Scum. Skunk (skunk), n. Skunk-bird, skunk-blackbird. (Ornith.) Dolichonyx oryzivorus. The bobolink. "The song of the male generally ceases about the first week in July, and about the same time his variegated dress, which from a resemblance in its colors to that of the quadruped, obtained for it the name of Skunk-bird among the Cree In- dians, is exchanged for the sombre hues of the plumage of the female."—Eng. Cyclop. (Nat. Hist.) i. 527. Skunk-head. (Ornith.) The pied duck, a bird of the genus Anas. Skunk ish (skiink'Ish), a. Like a skunk; hav- ing an offensive odor like that of a skunk. Skutterudite (skiit'ter-od-ite), n. [After Skutterud, Norway, where found. (Min.) An isometric mineral, occurring in individual crys- tals in a hornblende band in gneiss, frequently associated with cobaltite. Hardness, 6*0; sp. gr. 6*74 to 6*84; lustre, metallic; color, tin-white. Compos.: arsenic, 79'2; cobalt, 20'8=100. Slab ber (siab'ber), n. Slimy moisture from the mouth; saliva, slobber. Slack (slack), n. Small coal screened at the mines from household or furnace fire-coal of good quality. \_Eng.] Slack (slack), n. [Icel. slakki=a slope on a mountain.] An opening between hills; a hollow where no water runs. [Prov. Eng.'] "I see some folk coming through the slack yon- der."—Scott: Guy Mannering, ch. xxiii. Slaked (slaked), n. Slaked-lime. (Chem.) Cal- cium hydrate. Produced by sprinkling calcium oxide with water. When a mass of lime is moist- ened with water, an energetic combination takes place, accompanied occasionally with slight ex- plosions, due to the sudden evolution of steam; the mass splits in all directions, and finally crum- bles to a soft, white, bulky powder. It is chiefly employed in the preparation of mortar for build- ing purposes, Slake less (slake'less), a. Incapable of being slaked: inextinguishable, unquenchable. Slam (siam), v. i. To strike violently or noisily, as a door or the like; as, the door slammed, a Slam bang (siam^Mng7), adv. Slam-bang; with a violent slamming. Slan der (slander), n. (Law) The maliciously defaming of a person in his reputation, business, or profession, by spoken words, as libel is by written words. A person can only be proceeded against civilly for slander, whereas libel may be criminally punished. Slan der (sian'der), v. t. Slander, Asperse, Detract, Defame, Calumniate. All these terms denote an effort made to injure the character or estimation by some representation. Asperse and . detract mark an indirect representation; defame, slander and calumniate, a positive assertion. To asperse is to fix a moral stain on a character; to detract is to lessen its merits and excellences. As- persions always imply something bad, real or supposed; detractions are always founded on some supposed good in the object that is detract- ed; to defame is openly to advance some serious charge against the character; to slander is to ex- pose the faults of another in his absence; to cal- umniate is to communicate secretly, or other- wise, false circumstances to the injury of another. [Crabb.] Slan gous (sian'gous), a. Slangy; characteris- tic of slang. [.Rare.] Slant (slant), v. i. To slope; to lie slantingly or obliquely. "On the side of yonder slanting hill." Dodsley: Agriculture, iii. Slap dasli (siap'dash), adv. [Eng. slap and dash.] In a earless, rash manner. Slap dash (siap'dash), a. Free, careless. "It was a slapdash style."—Lytton: My Novel bk. iii., ch. vi. Slap dash (slap7dash) n. (Build.) A composi- tion of lime and coarse sand reduced to a liquid form, and applied to tne exterior of walls as a preservative; also called Rough-casting. Slap dash (siap'dash), v. t. [Slapdash, adv.] 1. To do in a earless, rash manner. £. To rough-cast, aa a wall, with mortar. Slape (slape), a. [Icel. sleipr=slippery.] Slip- pery, smooth; hence, crafty, hypocritical. [Prov. Eng.] Slape-ale. Plain ale; as opposed to medi- cated or mixed ale. Slape-facc. A soft-spoken, crafty hypocrite. [Halliwell.] Slashed (siasht) p. a. 1. (Pof.) (Of a leaf.) Divided by deep, taper-pointed cut incisions. Multifid, lacineated, decomposed. (Her.) A term employed when openings or gashings in the sleeve are to bedescribed as filled with a puffing of another tincture. Slash es (siash'eg), n. pi. Places in woods where all the timber has been cut out. [ JJ. S. ] Slash y (siash'y), a. Wet and dirty; muddy; slushy. Slat (Siat), v. t. [Icel. slctta=to strike, to slap: Norw. slett—a blow.] 1. To beat, to pound, to strike, to slap; to throw down with violence. H. To split, to rend, to crack. [Prov. Eng.] In the sense perhaps from slate. 3. To set on; to instigate; to Incite. [Prov. Eng.] Slate (slate), n. Adhesive slate. (Min.) A mineral or rock of a slate grey color, which adheres to the tongue. It is found in the gypsum formation of Paris, and is the imbedding substance of the menilite. It was recognized by Phillips as a mineral, but does not figure in more modern books. Alum-slate. Alum-schist. A kind of slate occurring low in the Carboniferous rocks of Britian. It is a siliceous clay, with coaly matter and bisulphide of iron in minute portions. Alum is often manufactured from it. Hornblende-slate. (Geol.) The name given by Maculloch to a meta- morphic rock, usually black, composed, accord- ing to Lyell, principally of hornblende, with a variable quantity of felspar and occasional grains of quartz, or, according to Rutley, of hornblende and quartz. Polishing-slate. (Petrol.) A slaty rock occurring mostly in beds of the Tertiary formation. Texture, earthy; soft; friable. It consists of the siliceous shells or envelopes of various species of Diatomacese, the number con- tained in a cubic inch having been reckoned to be about 41,000,000,000. Slate-clay. Another name for Shale. Slate-rock. (Petrol.) An in- durated laminated rock, corresponding to shale, but of greater age, and in which a cleavage, in- dependent of the lines of bedding, has been set up by pressure.* Slate-spar. (Min.) A name given to calcite when crystallized in thin tabular crystals with sharp edges. Slat tern (siat'tern), a. [Prob. for slattcring, pr. par. of slatter, or the n may be a simple addi- tion as in bittern.] Resembling a slattern; un- tidy, slovenly, slatternly. "The new-scour'd manteau, and the .slattern air." Gay: Trivia, iii, 270. Slave f slave), n. One of the Slavic race. Slave (slave) v. To make a slave of; to enslave. [Pare.] "A woman slaved to appetite." Massinger: Renegade, iv. 2. Slave (slave), n. Slave-catcher. One whose business is to arrest fugitive slaves, and return them to their masters.- Slave-catching. The oc- cupation of a slave-catcher. Slave-coast. That part of the African coast from which slaves are procured. Slave-coffle. A band of slaves for sale; a coffle. Slave-dealer. One who deals in slaves. Slave-driver. An overseer of slaves at their work; hence, a cruel or severe master. Slave-fork. A branch of a tree of considerable thickness, four or five feet long, forking at the end into two prongs, and employed to inclose the necks of slaves when on their march from the interior of Africa to the coast, to prevent their running away. Slave-grown. Grown upon land cultivated by slaves; produoed by slave labor. Slave-mer- chant. A slave-trader; a slaver. Slave-ship. A vessel employed in the slave-trade; a slaver. "There the black slave-ship swims, , Freighted with human forms." Longfellow: The Witnesses. Slave-trader. One who deals in slaves: a slave- merchant. Slave-wood. (Bot.) Simaruba offi- cinalis. Called also the Bitter Damson-tree. Slave hunt (slave'hunt), n. 1. A pursuit of fugitive slaves, in which blood-hounds are often used. it. A hunting after persons to make slaves of them. Slav oc ra cy (slav-dc'ra-^), n. [Eng. slave; suff. -cracy, as in democracy, aristocracy, &c.j Slave-owners collectively; persons exercising" political power for the maintenance of slavery. (U.S.] Sled (sl6d), n. A seat with runners underneath,, used for sliding on snow or ice; a hand-sled. [U. S.] Sledge (slSdge), v. t. To carry or travel in sledges. Sleep (sleep), v. i. To afford sleeping accom~ modation for; as, The cabin sleeps thirty passen~ gers. [Colloq.] Sleetch (sleetch), n. [Prob. connected with sludge or slush, the spelling being affected by sleet. Thick mud, at the bottom of rivers. Sleeve (sleeve), n. 1. A narrow channel of the sea; a channel. [Cf. Fr. La Manche=the English Channel; manche—a sleeve. [Pare.] 2. (Mech.) A tube into which a rod or another tube is inserted. If small, it is often called a thimble; when fixed, and serving merely to strengthen the object which it incloses, it is a re- inforce. In the majority of its applications, however, the two parts have more or less relative circular or longitudinal motion. Sleeve-fish. (Zool.) A popular name for the genus Loligo. Sleeve-hand. The cuff attached to a sleeve. (Shakesp. Winter's Tale, iv. 4. Sleigh (sla), n. Sleigh-bell. A small bell of globular form attached to sleigh harness. "The musical jangle of sleigh-bells." Longfellow: Theologian's Tale. Sleigh-runner. One of the curved pieces on which a sleigh slides. Slew (slew) (ew as ti), v. t. [Slue.] To swing round; to slue. Slewed (slewed) (ew as ft), a. Moderately drunk; tipsy. [Sfcmgr.] "When a vessel changes the tack, she, as it were, staggers, the sails flap, she gradually heela over, and the wind catching the waiting canvas, she glides off at another angle. The course pur- sued by an intoxicated or slewed man is supposed to be analogous to that of the ship.— Slang Diet. Slice (sll?e), n. Something broad and thin; as, (a) A broad thin knife for serving fish at table; a fish-slice, (b) A salver, platter, or tray, (c) (Furnace) The instrument used for clearing the air-spaces between the bars of the furnace when they become choked with clinkers. (eZ) (Naut.) A bar with a chisel or spear-shaped end, used for stripping off sheathing or planking. Slic er (sllc'er"), n. One who or that which slices; specifically, (a) A lapidary-wheel, (b) The tool used for flensing whales. Slick (sliek), a. [A doublet of sleek.] Sleek, smooth. "Whom silver-bow'd Apollo bred Both slick and dainty." Chapman. (Todd.) Slick (slick] v. t. To render slick or sleek. Slick en side (sliek'en-side), n. [Eng. slicken, and side. Fr. plomb sulfur6 spiculaire.] (Min. & Petrol.) A term applied to any polished and grooved rock surface produced by the sliding and friction of two contiguous surfaces. Slick ing (slick/ing), n. (Min.) A narrow vein of ore. Slick ness (slick'n^ss), n. [Eng. slick; -wess.] The quality or state of being slick, sleek, smooth; sleekness. Slide (slide), n. 1. (Mus.) (a) An arrange- ment in the trumpet and trombone, by means of which the tube can be lengthened so as to gener- ate a new series of harmonics, (b) The slider of an organ. (Ordn.) The lower part of a ship's car- ronade or howitzer carriage, on which the top carriage runs in and out. It corresponds to the chassis of a land fortification carriage. 3. (Steam-eng.) The guide-bars of a box or cross-head. Slide-box. (Steam-eng.) A slide- valve chest. Slide-case. (Steam-eng.) The cham- ber in which the sliding valve operates. Slide- groat. Shove-groat. Slide-head. (Mach.) A device for supporting a tool or piece of work in a Notation: a, 6,1, 0, ft, y, long: a, e, I, 6, fi, ?, short; cfire, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, r\}de, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; £h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 8 as z; x«,s gz; ij as in linger, liok; 111 as in thine. jgynn this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SLIDER PUMP 716 SMART lathe, &c. Slide-lathe. Tne lathe of the metal- worker, in which the tool-rest is caused to traverse the bed from end to end by means of a screw. Slide-rail. (Railivay-eng.) A turn-table. Slide- rest. (Mach.) A tool-rest employed for lathes, planing-machines, &c., in which the tool is se- curely clamped to a plate capable of motion in one or several directions by means of screws. Slide-valve. (Steam-eng.) A valve which opens or closes by sliding over the port or ports, as the ordinary steam-valve of a steam-engine. Slicl er pump (slid er-pump), n. A name com- mon to several pumps of various forms, but all having a piston which revolves continuously and forces the water through a pipe by means of a slide regulated by a spring, which intercepts its passage in any other direction. 'Slight (slit), v. t Syn.—See Neglect. Slime (slime), n. The common name among miners for the mud obtained by wet grinding or stamping the ores of the precious metals. Slim sy (sllm/sy)a. Flimsy, thin, frail. (Fre- quently applied to cotton and other cloth.) fLou\ ] Slink (sllngk), n. 1. A sneak, a mean, paltry fellow. "He has no settled his account wi' my gudeman the deacon for the twelvemonth; he's but slink, I doubt."—Scott: Antiquary, ch. xv. 2. Diseased meat; meat unfit for human food. Slinky (sllngk'$r), a. [Slink, a.; of. Dut. slunken = gaunt, thin; Ger. schlank = slender.] Thin, gaunt, lank, lean. [Low.] Slip (slip), v. i. Syn.—Slip, Slide, Glide. To slip and slide are lateral movements of the feet, but to glide is the movement of the whole body. A person glides along the surface of the ice when he slides; a vessel glides along through the water. In the moral and figurative application, a person slips who commits unintentional errors; he slides into a course of life who willingly, and yet with- out difficulty, falls into the practice and habits which are recommended : he glides through life if he pursue his course smoothly and without in- terruption. —Crabb. Slip (slip), n. 1. Anything slipped on or off : as— (a) A loose kind of a garment worn by a woman. (b) A child's pinafore, (c) A loose covering or case: as, the covering of a pillow. 2. (Naut.) The difference between the speed of a propeller and that of the vessel, due to the retreat of the resisting body under the impact of the propellor. Negative slip is when the speed of the vessel is apparently greater than that of the propellor. This occurs when, owing to the bad lines of the vessel, a body of dead water is created, which follows in her wake. Slip-coat cheese (slip'-eoat cheese), n. A rich kind of cheese, made from milk warm from the cow, and resembling butter, but white. Slip-link (pllpllngk), n. A connecting link which allows a certain freedom of motion. Slip-on (slip'-6n), n. A great-coat thrown over the shoulders loosely like a cloak. (West Scotch.) Slip pi liess (slip'pi-ngss), n. The quality or state of being slippy or slippery; slipperyness. [.Rare.] Slip-rope (slip'rOpe), n. (Naut.) A rope by which a cable is secured preparatory to slipping it. Slip-shoe (slip'-shQe), n. A slipper. Slit ting (slit7ting), p. a. Slitting-mill. Lapi- dary's mill for cutting gems. Slitting-plane. (Carp.) A tool for cutting boards, &c., into strips. Slitting-roller. One of a pair of reciprocating rollers for cutting into strips material fed between them. Slitting-saw. (Wood-work.) A machine for slitting scantling, boards, &c., into thin planks. Sliv eir(sliV/er), n. (Spinning) A continuous strand of cotton or other fibre in a loose, untwist- ed condition, ready for slubbing and roving, pre- paratory to being spun. Sliver-box. The machine in which slivers of long-stapled wool are lapped on each other and then elongated. Slob ber er (slob'ber-er), n. 1. One who slob- bers; a driveller. 2. A slovenly, shiftless farmer ; also a job- bing tailor. [Prov. Eng.] Slob ber y (sldb'ber-y), a. Moist, muddy, sloppy. "To buy a slobbery and a dirty farm." Shakesp: Henry F., iii. 5. Slocking (sloeVlng); p. a. Slocking-stone. (Min- ing) A piece of rich ore extracted, or pretended to be extracted, from a certain mine, and dis- played to induce persons to take shares in such mine. Sloke (sloke), n. [Sw. slak=loose (?).] (Bot.) Porphyra laciniata, a species of edible sea-weed. (Scotch)_ Sloo (sloo), n. A slough. Slop (sl6p), n. Sloj)-basin, Slop-bowl. A basin or vessel into which the dregs from the tea or coffee cups are emptied. Slop (sldp), v. t. 1. To spill or cause to overflow, as a liquid. 2. To sjjill liquid upon; to soil by spilling liquid upon. Slop (sl6p), v. i. To be spilled or overflow, as a liquid by the motion of the vessel containing it. (Generally with over.) Slope (slope), v. i. To run away; to decamp; to bolt. [Colloq. U. S.] Slope (slope), adv. Oliquely; not perpendicu- larly. "That bright beam, whose point now raised Bore bim slope downward to the sun." Milton: P. L., v. 891. Slop y (slOp^Oi a. Sloping. "Where the mantling willows nod From the green bank's slopy side." Cunningham: A Landscape. Slot (sldt), n. 1. (Mach.) An elongated, narrow perforation or aperture, a slit; a rectangular recess or depression cut partially into the thick- ness of any piece of metal for the reception of another piece of similar form. 2. (Theat.) A trap-door in the stage of a theatre. (Also spelt slote.) Slote (slote), n. 1. See Slot, 2. Slot-hound (slftt-hound), n. A blood-hofind. Slot ting (sl6t ting), n. The act, operation, or process of making slots. Slotting-augur. A form of augur having side-cutting lips so as to make a slot in work fed laterally against it. Slotting- machine. (Metal-work) A variety of planing- machine in which the tool is vertically recipro- cated while the work is fed beneath it between cuts. It is em plowed in the formation of slots in any piece of machinery. Slough y (sluf'y), a. Of the nature of, or re- sembling slough; foul, mortified, suppurated. Slow (slow), a. Slow-lemurs. (Zool.) The Af- rican genera Perodicticus and Arctocebus. Slow- loris. (ZoOl.) Nycticebus tardigradus. Called also Slow Lemur, Slow-paced Lemur, and Bengal Sloth. Slow-match. See Match. % Syn.—Slow, Dilatory, Tardy. Slow is a general and unqual- ified term applicable to the motion of any object, or to the motions and actions of persons in par- ticular, and to their dispositions also; dilatory relates to the disposition only of persons: we are slow in what we are about; we are dilatory in set- ting about a thing. Slow is applied to corporeal or mental actions ; a person may be slow in walk- ing, or slow in conceiving; tardy is applicable to mental actions : we are tardy in our proceedings or our progress; we are tardy in making up ac- counts or in concluding a treaty.—Crabb. Slow ness (slOw'nSss), n. Want of life or spirit; dulness: as, the slowness of an entertainment. [Colloq.] Slows (slows), n. pi. A disease prevalent in some of the western and southern states of the United States; milk-sickness. Slub (slub), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A slightly twisted roving of wool, intermediate between the carding and ihe yarn. Slub (slub), v. t. [Sltjb, n.] To draw out and slightly twist as wool; to form into slubs. Slub bing (slubbing), p. h. Reducing the sliver of carded fibre to a uniform thickness by doubling and slightly twisting. Slubbing-billy, slubbing-machine. The first spinning-machine for drawing and twisting slightly the cardings or scribblings of wool. It consists of a wooden frame, within which is a moving carriage con- taining a number of spindles rotated by a series of cords passing round the pulley of each spindle and connected with a drum extending the whole breadth of the carriage. The drum is turned by crank-handle on a shaft connected by a band with the drum. Sludge (sltidge), n. Small floating fragments of ice or snow. Sludge door, Sludge hole (sltidge'door, sludge'hole), n. (Steam-eng.) A hole in a steam boiler at which mud or deposits are raked out. Sludg er (shidg'er), n. 1. An instrument used to bore in sludge or quick-sand. 2. A sand-pump. Slue (slue), v. t. Etym. doubtful.] To turn or twist about. (Often used reflexive]y with round.) Slue (sine), v. i. To turn about; to turn or twist round. Slug (slug), n. [Etym. doubtful.] 1. (Print.) A strip of metal less than type high, and as long as the width of the column or page. Slugs are used to fill out a short page or between display lines. [U. £.] 2. (Metall.), pi. Partially roasted ore. 3. (Hat-making) A hatter's heating-iron. Slug (slug), v. t. To load with a slug or slugs, as a gun. Slug (sltig), v. t. In breach-loading arms, which carry a bullet slightly larger than the bore of the barrel, the bullet, when forced to assume the sec- tional shape in the act of firing, is said to slug or be slugged. Slug gard y (sltig'gard-J-), n. Tb© state of a sluggard: sluggishness. [06s.] "Arise, for shame, do way your sluggardy." Wyatt: The Lover Unhappy. Slug? gish (sltig'gish), a. Syn.—See Inactive. Sluice (sluice), v. t. 1. lo let in a copious flood of water upon; as. To sluice a meadow. 2. To wet or bathe freely. (Colloq.) Slum (shim), n. [Etym. doubtful; cf. slump — boggy ground.] A low, dirty back street of a city, especially one inhabited by a poor criminal population; a low neighborhood. "There is little in the author's observations on slums and slum-life which has not been said be- fore."— Echo, Sept. 8, 1885. { Slum (slum), v. i. [Slum w.] To visit s ums in a dilettante manner, rather than with the object of relieving the necessities of the poor. "a wealthy lady went slumming through the Dials the other day."— Referee, June 22, 1884. Slump (slump), n. 1. A boggy place; soft swampy ground; a swamp, a marsh. [Prov. Eng.] 2. The sound made by anything falling into a hole or slump. [Scofc/i.J Slump y (slump y), a. Marshy, swampy, boggy; easily broken through. [Prcv. Eng.] Slung shot (slfing'shfit), n. A weapon con- sisting of a leaden or metal ball with a strap or chain attached, used by rowdies in America and elsewhere. "Attacked by the roughs with knives and slung- shots, and stabbed."—St. James Gazette, Feb. 7, 1887. Slur (slfir), v. t. (Print.) To blur or double, as an impression from type; to macule. Slur (slftr), n. 1. A trick, an imposition. [.Rare.] "Without some fingering trick or slur. Butler: Miscellaneous Thoughts. 2. (Knitting.) A piece of metal in a stocking- frame which represses the jack-sinkers in suc- cession. 3. (Print.) A blurred impression. Slur-cock. (Knitting) A cam or wiper projecting from the traverse or carriage to lift the jacks, and through them the jack-sinkers. Slush (slush), n. 1. Whitelead and lime used in painting bright parts of machinery to prevent their rust ng. 2. The refuse fat or grease, especially of salt meat, skimmed off in cooking, particulaaly on ships. Slush (sltish), v. t. 1. To wash roughly; to sluice; as, To slush a floor. 2. To cover with a mixture of white-lead and lime, as the bright parts of machinery, to pre- vent their rusting. 3. To grease or coat with slush, as a mast. Slut (slut), n. A female dog; a bitch. Slutch (slutch), n. [A form of sludge, or slush.] Sludge, mire, slush. [Prov. Eng.] Slutch y (slutch'y), a- S ushy, muddy, miry. Sluth hound (sluth'hound), n. A sleuth- hound. Sly (sly), a. Syn.—See Cunning. Smack (sm&ek), adv. In a sudden and direct manner, as with a smack or slap. Smack-smooth. Openly; without obstruction or impediment; smoothly level. Smacking (sm&ek'ing), a. Giving out a sharp, brisk sound; hence, brisk, fresh; as, a smacking breeze. Small (small), a. Small-chat. Small talk, gos- sip. "Some small-chat and guinea expectation." Dryden: An Epilogue. Small-chisel. A burin or graver used by en- gravers, chasers, &c. Small-pica. (Print.) A size of type between long primer and pica. This line is Small Pica, Small-piece. A Scptch coin, worth about 2%d' sterling; or five cents. Small-stuff. (Naut.) A term applied to spun-yarn, marline, and the smallest kind of ropes. Small-talk. Light con- versation, gossip, chit-chat. Smart (smart), n. 1. A fellow that makes pre- tension to smartness, briskness, or vivacity. {Slang.] Notation: a. 6,1, 0, tl, y, long: a, e, I, <5, ti, f, short; care, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fflrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; ?h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; jq as in linger, link; th as in thine. *0n this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SMART 717 SNAP 2. A contraction of smart-money. Smart (smart), a. Syn.—Smart, Clever. In the United States the term smart is often applied to one who is skillful, active or intelligent; in England the word clever is used. We use the lat- ter term to denote a good-natured, obliging per- son . Smart is sometimes used with reference to a person's dress or appearance; as, she looked qui'e smart. (Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated.) Smart mon ey (smart'mun'i), n. 1. {Mil.) Money paid by a recruit, before being sworn in, to be free from his engagement. 2. (Law) Excessive or vindictive damages; damages in excess of the injury done: such dam- ages are given in cases of gross misconduct or cruelty on the part of the defendant. Smash (smash), n. 1. A breaking to pieces. 2. Ruin, destruction, failure, bankruptcy. "If it . . . comes to an out-and-out smash and selling up."—London Daily Telegraph, Dec. 28, 1885. All to smash: All to pieces. [ Vulgar.] Smash-up. Total ruin. "There was a final smash-up of his party as well as his own reputation."—St. James's Gazette, Jan. 22, 1887. &ma*li er (sm&sh'er), n 1. One who or that which smashes or breaks. 2. Anything astounding, extraordinary, or very large and unusual; a settler. [Colloq.~\ 3. One who passes bad coin; a coiner. ISlang.] "Paper of a kind generally used by smashers to wrap up their coins to prevent their rubbing against each other."—Evening Standard, Jan. 11, 1895. Smear (smear), n. [A. S. fat.] A spot made as if with some oily substance; a stain, a blot, a blotch, a patch. Smear dal» (smear'dab), n. (Ichthy.) The Lem- on Dab, a flat fish of the flounder family. Called also the Smooth Dab. Smeir (smeer), n. (Pottery) A semi-glaze on pottery; common salt added to an earthen- ware glaze. Smell er (smSU'er), n. 1. One who or that which gives out an odor or smell. "Such nasty smellers . . . They might have cudgell'd me with their very stinks." Beaum & Flet.: Nice Valor, v. 1. 2. The nose. Also applied to a blow on the nose. (Pugilistic slang.) 3- A feast at which the giaests are supposed to feed upon the smell of the viands. Smick er (smlck'er), a. [A. S. S7ftteer=neat, elegant.] Gay, spruce, smart, amorous, wanton. [Rare.] "Regardful of his honor he forsook The smicker use of court humanity." Ford: Fame's Memorial, 574. Smid dum tails (smid'dum-tailk), n. pi. (Min- ing) The slimy mud deposited in ore-washing. Smift (smxft), n. [Etym. doubtful.] (Mining.) A match of paper saturated with nitre or other combustible substance, for igniting a charge of powder; a fuse. Paper i ubbed over w th gunpow- der and grease is also used by miners. Smi lax (sml'iax), n. [Lat., from Gr. bery (snflb'ber-y), n. Snobbishness. Snob bisli ly (sn6b bish-ly), adv. In a snobbish manner; like a snob. Snob bish ness (sndb'bish-n6ss),n. The qual- ity or state of being snobbish; vulgar ostenta- tion. "It is not snobbishness to object to compete with men against whom ample evidence is forth- coming that their incentive is profit rather than sport."—Field, Oct. 17, 1885. Snob bism (sndb'bism), n. The state of being a snob; the manners of a snob; snobbishness. Snood (snood), n. (Angling) A hair-line, gut, or silk cord by which a fish-hook is fastened to the line. "Letting the snoods hang over the sides." Field, Oct. 17,1885. Snood (snood), v. t. To braid up, as the hair, with a snoods [Scotch.] Snooze (snooze,) v. i. [Prob. imitative of the sound made in drawing the breath while asleep.] To take a nap or short sleep; to sleep, to slumber. [Colloq.] Snort (snGrt), v. i. To laugh out aloud. [Col- loq,, U. S.] Snot ter (sndt'ter), n. (Naut.) (a) A becket on a boot's mast, to hold the lower end of the sprit which elevates the peak of the sail, (b) A rope going over a yard-arm, used to bend a trip- ping line to in sending down the top-gallant and royal yards. Snot ter y (snSt'ter-jr), n. Filth, meanness, abomination. " Teach thy incubus fco poetize, And throw abroad thy spurious snotieries." Ben Jonson: Poetaster, v. 1. Snot ti ly (sndt'ti-ly), adv. In a snotty manner. (Goodrich.) Snot ti ness (sndt'ti-n^ss), n. The quality or state of being snotty. Snow (snow), n. Snow-berry. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of Symphoricarpus racemosus; a caprifoil. (b) The fruit of Chiococca racemosa and the genus Chiococca. Snow-blind, Affected with snow-blindness (q. v.) Snow-blindness. An affec- tion of the eyes caused by the reflection of light from snow. Snow-bunting. (Omith.) Plectro- phanes nivalis, an Arctic passerine bird. It is about seven inches in length, and its plumage varies considerably at different seasons. Snow- flake. (a) A small feathery flake or particle of falling snow. "Restore me the rocks, where the snow-flake reposes." —Byron: Lachin-y-Gair. (b) (Bot.) The genus Leucojum (q. v.), and spec., Loucojum cestivum. Prior says that the English name was given by W. Curtis to distin- guish it from the snow-drop. (c) (Ornith.) The snow-bunting. Called also Snow-fleck. Snow- fleck. See Snow-flake. Snow-flower. (Bot.) (a) The snow-drop, (b) Chionanthus virginica. Snow-goose. (Omith.) Anser hyberboreous. Color white, sometimes with more or less of a ferruginous tinge on the head: bill, feet and or- bits aurora-red. It obtaines its snow-white plum- age only at maturity. It breeds in large numbers in the barren grounds of Arctic America, and migrates southward during the winter. Snowd, Snowd ing (snowd, snowd^ng), n. The same as snood, n. (q. v.) Snow shed (snow'shed), n. A protection for a line of railway in exposed situations, where snow-drifts are likely to occur. Uprights are placed on both sides of the lines, which is rough- ly roofed in. [£7. &] Snuff (snuff), n. To take a thing in snuff. To take offence at a thing. "I tell you true, I take it highly in snuff, to learn how to entertain gentlefolks of you, at these years, i' faith."—Ben Jonson: Poetaster, ii., 1. .. Up to snuffy Knowing, sharp, wide-awake; not easily taken in or imposed upon. [Colloq.] Snuff dip ping (snuff^dip^ing), n. A mode of taking tobacco practised by some of the lower class of women in the Southern States, consisting of dipping a brush among snuff, and rubbing the teeth and gums with it. Snuf He (snuffle), n. 1. A noise produced by the passage of air through the nostrils. 2. The act of speaking through the nose; an affected nasal twang; hence, cant. Snuff y (snuff'y), a. 1. Resembling snuff in color. 2. Offended, displeased, huffed. [Scotch.] Snug i fy (snug'i-fy), v. t. To render snug. L Colloq.] "Coleridge! I devoutly wish that Fortune, who ha- made sport with you so long, may play one freak more, throw you into London, or some spot near it, and there snugify you for life."— C.Lamb: Letter to Coleridge. Sny (sny), n. [Etym. doubtful.] (Naut.) (a) A gentle bend in timber curving upward. If it tend downward it is said to hang, (b) The trend of the lines of a ship upward from amidship toward the bow and the stern. Sny ing (sny'ing), n. [Sny.] (Shipbuild.) A curved plank worked edgeways into the bow of a vessel. So (so), adv. So-so. Indifferent, indifferently, middling, mediocre; in an indifferent manner or degree. (Used both as an adjective and an ad- verb.) " 'What thinkest thou of the rich Mercatio?' 'Well of his wealth ; but of himself so-so.' " Shakesp: Two Gentlemen, i. 2. So (so), conj. 1. For this reason ; on these term* or conditions, on this account; therefore. " It leaves instruction and so instructors, to the sobriety of the settled articles and rule of the church.''—Holy day. 2. Provided that; on condition that; in case that. "So the doctrine be but wholesome and edify- ing, though there should be a want of exactness in the manner of speaking or reasoning, it may be overlooked."—Atterbury. (Todd.) Soak age (soak'age), n. 1. The act or state of soaking. 2. Fluid imbibed. Soak y (soak't),a. Moist on the surface; steeped in water ; soggy. Soal (soal), n. [A. S. soZw=mire.] A dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.] Soap (sOap), n. Soap-bubble. A thin film of soap- suds inflated by blowing through a pipe, and forming a hollow globe, with beautiful iridescent colors. Soap-cerate. (Pharm.) A plaster consist- ing of hard soap, yellow wax, olive-oil, oxide of lead, and vinegar, applied to allay inflammation. Soap-nut. (Bot.) (a) The legume of Acacia con- cinna. (&) The nut of Sapindus Saponaria. Soap-nut tree. (Bot.) Sapindus trifoliatus. Soap (soap), v. t. To flatter; to wheedle. [Colloq.] So ber ize (so'ber-ize), v. i. & t. To become sober; to make sober; to sober. [Rare.] *' And I was thankful for the moral sight, That soberized the vast and wild delight." Crabbe: Tales of the Hall, vi. So bol. Sob ol es (so'bdl, sdb'ol-es), n. [Lat. soboles, suboles=that which grows from below, an offshoot.] (Bot.) A creeping, rooting stem ; al- so, a shoot or sucker, as of a tree. Sob o lifer ous (sdb'o-lif'er-oiis), a. [Lat. soboles, and fero=to bear.] (Bot.) Producing young plants from the root, as Aloe brevis. Soc dol o ger (sde-ddl'd-ger), n. The same as Sockdologer. So cia ble (so'sha-ble), n. A kind of tricycle for two riders, in which they sit side by side, thus distinguishing it from a tandem, in which one sits behind the other. So cial ist ie (so/cial-ist//Ic), (ci as sh), a. Pertaining to socialism, or the doctrines of the Socialists. "That is a proposal of a directly socialistic tendency." — London Daily Telegraph, Sept, 5, 1885. So cin i an ize (so-cin'i-an-ize), v. t. To make conformable with Socinianism; to form according to the principles of Socinianism. So ci o log ic, So ci o log i cal (so'ci-o- log^ic? so'ci-o-log^i-cal (ci as shi), a. Belonging or pertaining to sociology. "The antagonism felt toward the Indian seems to result, not so much from conflicts incident to our possessing the land, as from his sociologic status which differs so widely from our own."— Century Magazine, June, 1883, p. 312. Sock (sdek), n. 1. A warm inner side for a shoe. 2. An overgrown baby. [Prov. Eng.] 3. The Eton name for tuck. [Eng.] Sock dol a ger, Sock dol o ger (sdek-ddl'- a-ger, sdek-ddl'o-ger) n. [A corruption of doxob, ogy.] A fish-hook having a supplementary spring- hook to catch the fish which touches the bait. [U. A] Notation: a, e, 1, 0, u, y, long; &, e, i, 6, ti, f, short; c&re, fftr, list, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; gh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 5 as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of tooth Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.socket 719 Somnambulistic Sock et (sdek'et), n. Socket-bolt. (Mach.) A bolt passing through a thimble or sleeve between the parts bolted together. Socket-drill. A drill for chamfering or enlarging a hole to a given depth. Socket-pipe. A pipe with an enlarged end or branch to receive the end of a connecting pipe, and hold the clay, lead, or other packing which unites the two, to make a water or gas tight joint. Sod* y (sdck'y), a. Soaky. Soc o trail, Soc o trine (s6e'o-tran, soe/o- trlne), a. & n. Belonging or pertaining to Soco- tra, an island in the Indian Ocean, off the east coast of Africa. A native or inhabitant of So- cotra. So da (s\7iv (solen), and eZSos (eidos) = form.] (Elect.) A coil of wire, the length of which is greater than the diameter, wound as cotton is on a reel. When a galvanic current passes through the solenoid it possesses many of the properties of a magnet. So ler (so'ler), n. A solar or garret. Sol ert (sol'ert), a. [Lat. solers, genit. solertis.] Crafty, skilful. [Obs.j So ler tious ness (so-ler'tious-nSss), n. The quality or state of being solert; craft, expertness, slyness. [Obs.] "Which abounded to the praise of Mr. Wil- liams's solertiousness."—Ilackett: Life of Wil- liams, pt. i., p. 22. Sole snip (sole'ship), n. Single state; soleness. (Obs.) 44 The ambition of a sole power—the dangerous soleship is a fault in our church indeed."—Sir E. Dering: Speeches, p. 134. Sol fa nar i a CsdFfa-nar^i-a), n. [Ital.] A sul- phur mine. Sol id (soFid), a. Syn.—Solid, Hard, Firm. Hard and solid respect the internal constitution of bodies, and the adherence of the component parts; but hard denotes a much .closer degree of adherence than solid. Wood is always a solid body, but it is sometimes hard, and sometimes soft; water, when congealed is a solid body, and admits of different degrees of hardness. In the improper application, hardness is allied to insen- sibility; firmness to fixedness; solidity to sub- stantiality: a hard man is not to be acted upon by any tender motives; a firm man is not to be turned from his purpose; a solid man holds no purposes that are not well founded.—Crabb. Sol i dare (sol'I-dare), n. [Lat. solidus=a piece of money.] A small piece of money. [Obs.} "Here's three solidares for thee."—Shakesp.: Timon of Athens, iii. 1. Sol i dar i ty (sori-d&r^i-ty), n. [Fr. solidarity a word borrowed from the French Communists.} Community in gain and in loss, in good and in evil repute; community of interests and responsi- bilities; mutual responsibility exististing between two or more persons. "The most familiar instance of this solidarity of interests is the limitation of the hours of labor."—Pall Mall Gazette, Oct. 29, 1883. Sol id ism (sdl'id-ism), n. [Fr. solidisme; Ger. solidismus. ( Med.) The theory which refers all diseases to alterations of the solid parts of the human body, on the ground that only they are endued with vital properties, subject to the im- pression of morbific agents, and the seat of pathological phenomena. In all pathological in- vestigations the condition of both solids and liquids is now taken into account. Sol idist (sdl'id-ist), n. Ore who believes in or maintains the doctrine of solidism. So li form (sO'li-fdrm), a. [Lat. soZ, genit. solis =the sun, and forma=form.] Formed like the sun; resembling the sun. (Rare) "Light and sight and the seeing faculty, may both of them rightly be said to be soliform things." —Cudworth: Intel. System,, p. 204. Sol i loque, (sdl'i-lok) n. [Fr.] A soli- loquy. Sol i ta ry (sdl'i-ta-r^), a. Syn. Solitary, Sole. Solitai~y is negative; soZe, positive. Solitary is that which is simply unaccompanied. Sole denotes that which is capable of acting by itself; as a solitary instance of patriotism; the sole defender of his country's cause. That is sole which is ab>e to exist alone. That is solitary which is com- pelled to exist apart. Sol i tude (sol'i-tade), n. Syn. See Retire- ment. So liv a gous (so-llv'a-goxis}, a. Solivagant. Sol lar (sol'lar), n. (Mining), (a.) One of the platforms at the ends of the successive ladders in a mine, (b.) A mine entrance. Sol u toil i ty (sdl'u-biFi-ty), n. (Bot.) (Of a pericarp): Separation at the transverse contrac- tions into several closed portions, as in Orni- thopus. So lute (so-late'), a. 1. Soluble; er, a solute salt. 2. (Bot.) Completely separate from the neighboring parts. Solution (so-lu/tion), n. (Pathol.) The ter- mination of a disease, either with or without, critical signs. Applied also to a crisis. So mat ics (so-mat^ics), n. Somathology. So ma tot o my (se/ma-tdt^o-my), n. [Soma* tome.] The dissection of the human body;; anatomy. Som l>er, Som bre (sdm'ber), (sdm'bre), v. t. To render somber or gloomy. Som bre ro, (s6m-bra/ro), n. [Sp., from, sombra = a shade. ] [ Sombre. ] A broad- brimmed hat. "The face that from under the Spanish sombrero Gazed on the peaceful scene." Longfellow: Evangeline, ii. 3. Some (sum), n. Used as a noun in certain colloquial phrases; as he thinks he is some, meaning of some importance or conse- quence. Some time, (sum'time), a. Having been formerly; being or existing formerly; former, late, whilom. "My sometime general."—Shaksp.: Corio- lanus, iv. 1. Som meil, (som-ma'y or sdm-mal'y), n. [Fr.= sleep, repose, from Lat. somnus.] 1. Sleep, slumber. 2. Mus. A grave air in old serious operas, so named as inducing sleepiness. Som nam bu la tor (s6m-n5m//bfl-la/tor)% n. One who walks in his. sleep; a somnam- bulist. Som nam bu list ic (som-n&m'bG-lis^tie), a. Pertaining to or relating to somnambulism; af- fected by or practicing somnambulism. Notation: a, 6,3, 0, ft, y, long: &, e, 1, 6, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th§re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fCirl, rude, push;' e, i, o, silent; q as s; qh as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. this page will toe found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SOMNIAL 720 SOUbLIK "A somnambulistic murderess."—Daily Tele- graph, Sept. 20, 1885. Soni ni al (sdm ni-al), a. [Lat.somm'urn=a dream; somnus=sleep.] Pertaining or relating to dreams; involving dreams. (Coleridge.) Som ni a live (s6m nl-a-tive), a. Pertaining or relating to dreams or dreaming; producing dreams. [Rare.~\ "After my somniatory exercitations."—Urqu- hart: Rabelais, bk. iii., ch. xxiii. Soni iiic u lous (som-nle'u-lous), a. [Lat. somniculosus = drowsy, from sowmtts=sleep.] In- c'ined to sleep; drowsy. [06s.] Soni ilif u gous (sdm-nlf u-gous), a. [Lat. somnus=sleep; and fugo—to pat to flight.] Keep- ing away sleep; hindering sleep. Som nil o quencre (som-nil o-quen^e), n. [Lat. somnus —sleep, and loquens, pr. par. of loquor= to speik.] The act, custom or liubit of talking in one's sleep; somniloquism. 8om 110 lence (som no-16nQe), n. (Pathol.) A state of intermediate between sleeping and waking; drowsiuess. Dunglison. So nance, So nail cy (scVnange), (so'nan-cy), n. Sonant. 1. A sound, a tune. [06s.] "Let the trumpets sound The tucket sonance." Shakesp.: Henry F., iii. 2. 2. The quality of being sonant; sound. So nant (so'nant), a. [Lat. sonans, pr. par, of sono=to sound.] 1. Relating to sound; sound- ing. 2. (Pronunc.) Applied to certain alphabetic sounds, as those of the vowels, semi-vowels, nasals, and flat mutes, as 6, d, v, z, g, the sound of which is prolonged, or uttered with some degree of resonance or intonation, in opposition to aspirates, as s, th, and hard mutes or surds, as/, p, t. So na ta (so-n&'ta), n. [Ital., from sonare (Lat. sono)=to sound.] (Mus.) A term originally applied to any kind of musical composition for instruments, as distinguished from vocal com- positions, which were called Cantatas. It is now, however, confined to compositions for solo instru- ments, generally the pianoforte. The term Sona- ta or Suonata, as applied to a musical composi- tion, was first used about the beginning of the seventeenth century. Those of that time so called had but one movement; thoy were in fact simply airs arranged in parts for an instrument or instruments. A modern sonata is generally con- structed upon the following plan: The first move- ment is an allegro, sometimes with an introduc- tion, but more frequently with rut one; the sec- • ond, "the slow movement," is set in any time, be- / tween adagio and andante; and the final move- ment is an allegro. Song craft (song'craft), n. The art of compos- ing songs; skill in versification. Song less (songless), a. [Eng. song; -Zess.] 1. Wanting the power of singing; as, a songless bird. 2. Without song; not singing. "And s lent rows the songless gondolier." Byron: Childe Harold, iv. 3. Son net ize (son'ngt-ize), v. i. To compose or write sonnets. Son nish (son'nlsh), a. [Mid. Eng. sonne=sun; -ish.] Like the sun or its beams; sunny. [06s.] Son nite (sun'nite,) n. Sunnite. So iiom e ter (so-nom'e-ter), n. [Lat. sonus= a sound, and Gr. (xdrpov (metron)—a measure. (Acoustics.) (a) An instrument devised by Marloye for determining the number of vibrations made by a string emitting any musical sound. It is provided with a series of weights, to vary the tension of the central string, the others being tuned by pegs, and has three divided scales, one corresponding to the modified chromatic gamut, another to the true chromatic gamut, and the third the French metre divided to thousandths. (t>) An instrument for testing the hearing ca- pacity of a patient. It consists of a small bell on a table, caused to make a definite number of vibrations in a given time. So nor i ty (so-nor'i-ty), n. Sonorousness. [.Rare.] "There is at this moment no baritone to be compared for mellow richness and sonority to his."—Globe, Feb. 4, 1885. So no l'OUS (so-nO'rous), a. Sonorous is proper- ly applied to bodies which produce or originate sound; soniferous to bodies which convey the sound, or rather the vibrations of the sound, to the ear. Sonorous-figures. (Acoustics) Figures formed by the vibrations produced by sound. If the bow of a violin be drawn across the edge of a plate of glass covered with any fine powder, the powder will form figures standing in a certain relation to the tone pounded. The figures de- pend upon the..nodal" lines formed by the vibra- tions of the plate. Called alsr Acoustic-figures and Sound-figures. Soil sy, son sie (sdn'sy), (sSn'sie), a. [Gael, and Ir. sonas=prosperity, happiness.] Lucky, fortunate, good-humored, good-looking, fat, pleasant, plump, thriving, in good condition. (Scotch.) "My sowsie, smurking, dear-bought Bess." _ Burns: Inventory. Soo cey (soo'gey), n. [Native namo.] A mixed striped fabric of silk and cotton in India. [Sim- monds. Soo.iee, sou jee (soo'jee, sou'jee), n. [Hind., &c.J Indian wheat ground but not pulverized; a kind of semolina. It often forms part of an Anglo-Indian's breakfast. [Simmonds.] Soo nee (soo'nee), n. The same as Sunnite. Soor 1110 Sur ma (soor ma sur ma), n. [Hind. = antimony.] A preparation of antimony with which Indian women anoint the eyelids. [Sim- monds.~\ Sootli fast (sooth'fast), a. [A. S. sddhfcest.'] True, truthful, upright, straightforward. {Rare.J "With good and soothfast life." Turberville: Death of E. Brhundle. Sooth "fast ness (sooth'f&st-ness), n. Truth- fulness, truth,jreality. [06s.] Sooth say (sooth'say), n. [06s.] 1. A true saying, a prediction, a proverb. "Shewes, visions, soothsayes and prophesies." Spenser: F. Q., II. ix. 51. 2. A portent, an omen. "God turn the same to good soothsay Spenser: F. Q., III. viii. 50. So plii (so'phl), n. The same as Soft. Soph o mor ic (sopho-mdr^Ic), a. Sophomor- ical. So por (so'por)™. [Lat.] A deep sleep from which one can with difficulty be awakened. "To awaken the Christian world out of this deep sopor of lethargy."—Dr. H. More: Mystery of Iniquity, pt. ii. [Pref,] Sop o rose (sop'o-rose), a. Soporous. Sor ance (sor'ange), n. The state of being sore, soreness. [06s.] "Nay, this removing and replanting of them is the proper cure of many sorances."—P. Holland : Plinie, bk. xix., ch. xii. Sor het (s6r bet), n. (Cook.) A lemon ice flav- ored with spirit, usually rum, served at dinner, sherbit. Sorb i i •ee (sGrb'tree), n. The service-tree. Sor dine (sOr'dme), n. (Mus.) A sordet. Sor e dif er ons (sor'e-dif^er-ous), a. [Mod. Lat. soredi(a), and Lat. fero=to bear, to pro- duce.] (Bot.) Producing soredia. Sor e di nm (pi. sor e di a), (sor-e'di-um) (pi. sor-e'di-a), n. [Mod. Lnt., dimin. from sorus. (Bot.) (PI.) Heaps of powdery bodies lying upon any part of the thallus in lichens. The bodies of which they consist have been called by Link Conidia, and by others Propagula. Sor el (sor el), n. The color of sorrel. Sor ghum (sOr'ghum) n. [Mod. Lat. from Fr. sorgo; Ital. surgo;Li. Lat. sur gum, surcum,suricum =great millet.] (Bot.) A genus of Andropogonse, sometimes made a synonym of Trachypogon. Sorghum vulgare (Holcus Sorghum Linnaeus) is the Indian of Great Millet, or Guinea Corn. It is an annual oane-like cereal, bearing a dense head of spikelets, with small corn-like seeds. In India it forms with rice and wheat the chief staple of the country, but is considered heating. Bread, porrige, etc., are made from it; its seeds when crushed constitute an auxiliary food for cattle, sheep, horses, swine and poultry. S. bicolor is also cultivated in India as a cereal; S. saccharatum, tfce Broom Corn of Chinese Sugar- cane, has been introduced into the United States for its saccharine juice, from which a molasses is made, the grass is used for fodder, as are the young leaves of S. halepense. Some have thought the stalk of S. vulgare the reed of Matt, xxvii. 48, and its spikelets the hyssop of John xix. 29. ICalc. Exib. Rep.'] Sorry (s6r7ry), a. Syn.—Sorry, Grieved, Hurt. Sorry and grieved differ from the nouns sorrow and grief in being used in a lighter sense and of more ordinary matters. We are com- monly sorry for what is on our own account, and grieved on account of another. To be grieved is more than to be sorry. "I am sorry that I was not at home when you called." "I was much grieved to hear the loss he had sustained." Hurt is used of wounded feelings, and denotes the sense of having been treated unfairly, inconsider- ately, or without due respect. We are sorry for circumstances. We are grieved at acts and con- duct. We are hurt by treatment or behavior. Sors (pi. sor tes) (s6r§), (s6r;te§), n. [Lat.] A lot or divination by means of lots. Sortes Homericas or Virgiliance (Homeric or Yigilian lots.) A kind of divination practiced by the Ancients, in which the works of Homer or Virgil weie opened at random; and the first line or pas- sage wnich met the eye, was taken as indicating future events, or the line of action to be fol- lowed. Sort (sSrt), n. (Print.) Any letter, figure, point, space, or quadrat belonging to the compositor's case. Out of sorts: (Print.) Out of type of a partic- ular letter. To run upon sorts: (Print.) Work which requires an unusual number of certain kinds; as an index, which requires a disproportionate number of capitals. Syn. Sort, Kind, Species. Sort may be used for either kind or species; it does not necessarily imply any affinity, or common property in the objects, but simple assemblage, produced, as it were, by sors, chance; hence we speak of such sort of folks or people; such sort of practices; different sorts of grain; the various sorts of mer- chandises. Kind and species are both employed in their proper sense; sort has been diverted from its original meaning by colloquial use; kind is properly employed for animate objects, par* ticularly for mankind, and improperly for moral objects; species is a term used by philosophers, classing things according to their external or in- ternal properties. Kind, as a term in vulgar use, has a less definite meaning than species, which serves to form the groundwork of science. Crabb. Sor til e gy fsor-til'e-gy), n. [Lat. sortilegium.1 Sortilege; divination by drawing lots. {Rare. J "In sortilegies, and matters of greatest uncer- certainty, there is a settled and preordered ^course of effect."—Browne: Religio Medici § 1«. Soss (soss) n. A heterogeneous mixture; a mess; a dirty puddle. [Prov. Eng.] So tad ic (so-t&d'ie), n. A Sotadean poem or verse. Sote (sote), a. Sweet. [06s.] Sotli i ac, Soth ic (ss.] Spare ful (sp&re'ful), n. Sparing, frugal, chary. [06s.] Spare ful ness (sp&re/ful-n6ss), n. The qual- ity or state of being spareful; «paringness, fru- gality. [06s.] "Largess his hands could never skill of spare- fulness." Sidney : Arcadia, bk. ii. Sparg er (sparg'er), n. A sprinkler ; usually a cup with a perforated lid. or a pipe with a perfor- ated nozzle. Used for damping paper, clothes, &c. Spar hawk (spfir'hawk), n. The sparrow- hawk. Sparkle (spftrkle),!;. t. 1. To emit with cor- uscations; to shine or sparkle with. 2. To make public; to disclose or divulge. Spar piece (spa^pie^e), n. (Arch.) A span- piece, or collar-beam of a roof. Spar row wort (spar'row-wftrt), n. (Bot.) The genus Passerina, . containing evergreen shrubs. Spar sim (spar'sim), adv. [Lat.] Scatteredly, here and there. Spar ter ie (spftr'ter-ie), n. [Sp. esparteria—B. place for making articles of esparto.] A collect- ive name for the various kinds of articles manu- factured from esparto-grass, as mats, nets, cord- age, ropes, &c. Spar y (spftr'y), a. Sparing, stinting, parsimon- ious. [06s.] "Homer being otherwise spary enough in speaking of pictures and colors."—P. Holland: Pliny, bk. xxxiii., oh. vii. Spasm (spa§m), n. An abrupt, vehement, and generally fruitless effort: as, a spasm of remorse. Spas mat ic, Spas mat ic al (spas-mat ic, sp&s-m&tic-al), a. [As if from a Lat. spasmatic- •us.] [06s.] 1. Of the nature of or pertaining to spasm, spasmodic. 2. Suffering from or liable to spasms. Spas mod ic, Spas mod ic al (spas-mdd'ie, spas-mod'le-al), a. Marked by strong effort, but of brief duration; violent, but short-lived; evan- escent ; not permanent. "A benevolent- movement which otherwise might be dissipated in spasmodic and evanescent efforts."—Standard, Jan. 16, 1886. Spas mol O gy (spa§-m<31/o-g,y), n. [Gr. (riraaixos Jspasmos) = i spasm, and Aoyos (logos)=a word, a discourse.] The doctrine of spasms. Spathed (spatht), a. (Bot.) Having a spathe; spathal. Spa tiai ly (spa'shal-ljr), adv. In a spatial manner. Spat tie (spat7tie), n. A spatula. Spatts (spatts), n. pi. Short spatterdashes reach- ing just above the ankle. Spav in (spav in), n. There are two kinds of spavin. (a) Bog-spavin, or blood-spavin, in which the joint is distended by synovia, or joint- oil. (6) Bone-spavin or spavin-proper, in which there is a morbid deposition of bony substarce, such as to unite separate bones. Spay (spay) n. [Etym. doubtful.] A hart three years old; a spade or spaid. Speak (sp6ak), v. i. Syn.—Speak, Discourse. Speak is an indefinite term, specifying no cir- cumstance of the action : we speak from various motives; the discourse derives its value from the nature of the subject, as well as the character of the speaker; we speak on any subject and in any manner; we discourse formally, parents and teachers discourse with young persons on moral duties.—Crabb. Speak ing tube (speak'ing-ttsbe), n. A pipe for conveying the voice from one apartment to another. Spear er (sp^ar'er), n. A spearman. [06s.] Spear hand (spearhand), n. (Man.) Thei Notation: a, e, 1, 0, u, y, long; a, S,1, 6, ti, short; care, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fttrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; a as z; 5 as gz; $ as in linger, link; th as in thine. On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of-both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged / Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SPEARHEAD 722 SPHERICAL right hand of a horseman, being the hand in which the spear is held. Spear liead (spear head), n. The metal point of a spear. Spec ial (spSsh'al), a. Special-administrator. {Law) A person appointed to carry out special adminsitration. Special-agent. An agent author- ized to transact only a particular business for his principal, as distinguished from a general agent. Special-damage. (Laiv) A particular loss flow- ing from an act complained of, in addition to the wrongful nature of the act itself. Special-impar- lance. {Law) One in which there is a saving of all exceptions to the writ or count, or of all ex- ceptions whatever. Special-injunctions. {Law) Those prohibitory writs or interdicts against acts of parties, such as waste; nuisance, piracy, &c. Special-pleader. {Law) One whose occupation it is to i^ive verbal or written opinions on matters submitted to him, and to draw pleadings, civil and criminal, and such practical proceedings as may be out of the usual course. Special-pleading. (a) A popular term for the specious but unsound or unfair argumentation of one whose aim is vic- tory rather than truth. (6) (Law) The science of pleading. Syn.—Special, Specific, Peculiar. Both special and specific mean pertaining to or constituting a species; but specific generally means indicative of a particular thing; special, relating to a particular purpose; as, "I mentioned it specifically,"I have reserved it specially." And in this way both seem often to belong to individuals, the whole idea of species being lost. Peculiar (Lat. peculium, what is distinctively one's own property) qualifies that which belongs to an individual or to a class; as, this apple has a pecu- liar flavor. Spe cial ist (spSsh'al-lst), n. One who de- votes himself to a special or particular brahch of a profession, art, or science; one who has studied and acquired a special knowledge of or skill in some particular subject. "It is most desirable that specialists should, from time to time, overstep the narrow limits of their own subject, and judge and criticise the work of specialists in cognate branches."—Athen- aeum, Oct. 14, 1882. Spe ci al i ty (spSsh'i-aFI-ty), n. [Fr. spe- ciality.] 1. A particular matter or point; a specialty. " What we term natural selection is the epitome of the improvements acquired by specialization in the process of adaptation."—Oscar Schmidt: Doctrine of Descent, p. 190.* 2. That property by which a person or thing is specially characterized; that branch of a pro- fession, art, or science to which one ha§ specially devoted himself, and in which he has acquired a special knowledge. 3. A quality or attribute peculiar to a species. Spe cial i za tion (spSsh'al-l-za^tion), n. 1. The act of specializing; the act of devoting to a particular use or function; the act of de- voting one's self to a special or particular branch of study. " Extreme enthusiasm for specialization in study has never pervaded this country, any more than it has England, though for different rea- sons."—Scribner^s Magazine, Dec., 1878, p. 290. 2. {Biol.) The adaptation of a particular or- gan for the performance of a particular function. Animals of low organization are less specialized than those higher in the scale of being, and are older in geological date. As they rise, organs which were originally used to perform several functions become more and more limited in their action, and consequently carry it out more ef- fectively. Many causes have contributed to this end, one of the most potent being natural selec- tion. Spe cial ize (spSsh'al-lze), v. t. To assign a specific use or purpose to; to devote or apply to a specific use or function. Spe cial ty (spesh'al-ty), n. That property by which a person or thing is specially char- acterized; that to which a person devotes him- self, and in which he is specially versed; speci- ality. Spe cif ic al ness (spe-$lfle-al-n6ss), n. The quality of being specifical. Spec i men (sp&j'i-men), n. Syn.—Specimen, Sample, A specimen is that which represents the class of things to which it belongs; as, a specimen of drawing. A sample is a part of the thing itself, the whole quality of which it is in- tended to show; as. a sample of tea. (Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated.) Spe ci os i ty (spe'ei-ds^i-t^), (c as sh), n. 1. A beautiful scene, spectacle, or show; beauty. [06s.] 2. The quality or state of being specious; speciousness; a specious show. [.Rare.] " So great a glory as all the speciosities of the world could not equalize."—H. More: On Godli- ness, bk. iii., ch. vi., § 5. Spe cious (spe'shus), a. Syn.—See Plausible. Speck (sp6ck), n. [Dut. sjjek = fat.] 1. Blub- ber; the fat of whales and other mammalia. 2. Bacon. [Ofrs.] Speck-block. (Naut.) A block used in stripping the blubber of a whale. Through it the speck-fall, a purchase, is rove, the blocks being made fast to the blubber-gay. SpecJc- falls. {Naut.) The ropes of the speck-block (q. v.). Speck si on eei\ spec tion eer (sp^ck'- sion-eer7/, sp6etion-eer7/), n. In whale-fishing, the chief harpooner, who has also the direction of the cutting operations in clearing the whale of its blubber and bones. "The dignitary who has charge of the stowage is known as the spectioneer, which a very slight philological knowledge enables any one to see has has nothing to do with inspection, but is a de- rivative of the word 'speck,' fat, or blubber."— Standard, Nov. 10, 1885. Spec tac u lar (sp&c-tae'o-lar), a. Pertaining to spectacles or glasses to assist vision. Spec tral (sp£c/tral), a. Pertaining to the so- lar or prismatic spectrum; pertaining to spectra; produced by the aid of the spectrum; exhibiting the hues of the prismatic spectrum. Spec 11 la tion (spSc'ti-la^tion), n. Syn.— Speculation, Theory. Speculation is closely akin, etymologically, to theoi~y. But speculation is carried on by the use of common judgment and common sense upon the transactions of life; theory, upon scientific matters bj exercise of the scientific faculties. Spec u list (sp&yti-llst), n. An observer, a speculator. Speculum (sp&e'ti-liim), n. (Ornith.) A spot or patch, usually of brilliant colors, and metallic or irredescent, as on the wings of many of the Anatidse, the eyes in the peacock's tail, &c. Spec- ulum-forcejis. {Surg.) Long, slender forceps, used for dressing wounds or operating on parts not accessible except through speculums. Specu- lum-metal. {Chern.) An alloy of tin and copper, with a small proportion of metallic arsenic. Other alloys are of copper, tin and zinc, or of an- timony and tin. Speech (speech), n. Syn.—See Language. Speech ful (speech-ful), a. Speaking; full of talk; loquacious; hence, expressive. " Dost thou see the speechful eyes Of the fond and faithful creature?" Blackie: Lays of Highlands, dfrc., p. 18. Speech i II ca tion (speech/l-fi-ea^tion), n. The act or habit of speechifying or making many speeches. Speed (speed), n. Syn.—See Haste. Speed er (speed'er), n. 1. One who speeds, hastens, forwards, or assists. 2. {Cotton) A machine invented by Mason as the substitute for the bobbin and fly-frame, by which slivers of cotton from the carding-machine are slightly twisted, and thereby converted into rovings. Speed ful ly (speed'ful-l.f), adv. In a speed- ful manner; speedily, fortunately, advantage- ously.—Fisher: De Profundis. Spel ding* spel dron (su^ding, sp&l'dron), n. A small fish, split and dried in the sun. Spell (sp611), v. t. To take or supply the place of another; to take the turn or at work; to re- lieve. Spell er (spSll'er), n. 1. One who spells. 2. A book in which exercises in spelling are arranged; a spelling-book. Spen cer (spgn^er), n. Spencer-mast. (Naut.) A small mast abaft a lower mast for hoisting a trysail. Spend (sp&nd), v. t. Syn.—Spend, Exhaust, Drain. To spend is to deprive in a less degree than to exhaust, and that in a less degree than to drain; everyone who exerts himself in any de- gree spends his strength; if the exertions are vio- lent he exhausts himself; a country which is drained of men is supposed to have no more left To spend may be applied to that which is exter- nal or inherent in a body; exhaust to that which is inherent; drain to that which is external to the body in which it is contained; we may speak of spending our wealth, our resources, our time, and the like; but of exhausting our strength, our vigour, our voice, and the like; of draining a ves- sel of its liquid. (Crabb.) Spend thrifty (spend'thrift-y), a. Spend- thrift; prodigal. [Obs.] "Spendthrifty, unclean, and ruffian-like courses." Rogers: Naaman the Syrian, p. 611. Sper a hie (sp&r'a-ble), n. The same as Spar- able. Sper age (sp6r7age), n. {Bot.) (a) Asparagus officinalis: {b) Ornithogalum pyrenaicum; (c) Phaseolus vulgaris. {Britten & Holland.) Spe rate (spe'rate), a. [Lat. speratus, pa. of spero=to hope.] Hoped for. [Rare.] "We have spent much time in distinguishing between the sperate and desperate debts of the clergy."—Representation to Queen Anne, in EC- ton's State of Queen Anne^s Bounty, p. 108. [1721.] Sper mat-, Sper ma to-, Sper ma-.Sper- mo- (sper/m&t-, spfer'ma-t5-, sper ma-, spfer'mo-), pref. [Gr. cr7re'p/u.a {sperma) genit. cr7rep/aaros (spermatos) —to seed, sperm.] Pertaining or re- lating to sperm or semen. Sper mat ic al (sper-mafie-al), a. Spermatic. Sper ma toid (sper7ma-toid), a. [Spermat-.] Resembling seed or sperm. Sper ma tol o gy (spei^ma-tdV'o-gy), n. [Pref. spermato-, and G-i. Aoyo? {logos)=& discourse.] Scientific facts or theories concerning sperm. Sper ma to phore (sper7ma-to-phore), n. [Pref. spermato-, and Gr. opds (phoros) =bear- ing.] {Biol.) {PL): Capsules or sheaths contain- ing fertilizing elements. Used chiefly of the cylindrical capsules secreted by the prostatic gland of male Cephalopods. When moistened,the spermatophores expand and burst, expelling the contents with considerable force. Sper ma toph or ous (sper'naa-tftph^or-oiis), a. [spermatophore.] Bearing or secreting sperm or seed; seminiferous. Sper ma to zo id (spfer/ma-to-zo//Id), n. [Mod. Lat. spermatozo(on), and Gr. elSos (e£dos)=form, resemblance. (Seedef.)] (Biol.) Yon Siebold's name for a spermatozoon. Dunglison (ed. 1874) says: "More properly, spermatozoid, for their animalcular nature is not demonstrated." The name is also applied to antherozooids. [Anter- ozooid.] Sperm cell (spferm'c&ll), n.(Biol.)(a) The male element in reproduction, (b) A spermatoblast (q. v.) Sper mid i um (sper-mid'I-tim), s. [Mod. Lat., from Gr. airepfia (sperma) = seed. (Bot.) An achene (q. v.). Sper mo (sper'mo), pref. [Spermat-.] Sper mo phile (sper'mo-phile), n. ((Zo8l.) Any individual of the genus Spermophilus. They are squirrel-like in form, with rather short tails. "The labor of the moles is supplemented by that of the gophers, spermophiles, and badgers." —Field, Dec. 26, 1885. Spetch es (sp6tch7es), n. pi. [Etym. doubtful.] The trimmings or offal of skins or hides, used for making glue. Sphac e late (sph&c'e-late), a. Sphacelated. Sphser u lite (spser'u-iite), n. (Min.) The same as Spherulite. Spliag num (spMg'niim) n. [Lat. sphagnos; Gr. cr<}>dyvos (sphagnos) r) (graphe) =a description.] An anatomical description of the spleen. Sple nol o gy (sple-ntil'o-gy1) n. Gr. crnkriv (splen)=the spleen, and Aoyos (logos)—a word, a discourse.] A treatise on the spleen. Sple not O my (sple-ndt'o-my). n. Gr. crnkrjv (splen)—the spleen, and to/wtj (tome)= a cutting.] (Surg.) The act or nrocess of dissecting the spleen. (Dunglison.) Splice (splice), v. t. To unite or join together, by overlapping, as two pieces of timber, metal, or the like. To get spliced; to get married. [Slang.] Splice (splice), n. (Mach., &c.) The uniting of two pieces of timber, metal, or the like. Splint (splint), n. 1. (Far.) The splint-bone. (q. v.) 2. (Old Arm.) One of the overlapping plates used in the manufacture of splint-armor (q. v.) particularly at the bend of the arm to allow free- dom of motion. 3. (Ordn.) A tapering strip of wood, used to adjust a shell centrally in a mortar. Splint- armor. A name given to that kind of armor which was made of several overlapping plates. It never came into very general use, because the convexity of the breastplate would not allow the body to bend, unless the plates were made to overlap upwards, and this rendered them liable to be struck into and drawn off by the weapon of the antagonist. Splint-bone. One of the two small bones extending from the knee to the fetiock of a horse, behind the cannon or shank-bone. Splin ter (splin ter) n. Splinter-bar. A cross- bar in front of a vehicle, to which the traces of the horses are attacnea, as in coaches and artil- lery carriages, in which double and single-trees are not used. Splinter-proof. Proof or safe against the splinters of bursting shells. Split (split), v. i. To inform, as upon one's ac- complices; to betray confidence. [Colloq,] "Don't let Emmy know that we have split."—T. Hook: The Sutherlands. Split (split) n. (Weaving) One of the flat strips which are arranged in parallel vertical order and form the reed of a loom. Split (split), a. 1. Divided, separated, parted, rent, fractured. 2. (Bot.) Deeply divided or parted into a determinate number of segments. Splurge (splftrge,) n. [A word of imitative origin.] A splash, a bustle, a noise; a noisy de- monstration. [Colloq.] "The great splurge made by our American cousins when . . . they completed another connection with the Pacific."—London Daily Tele- graph, Dec. 28, 1885. Splut ter er (spliit'ter-er), n. One who splut- ters. Spod o man cy (spM^o-man'sy). n. [Gr. ctttoSos (spodos)=ashes, and ju.cwTet'a (manteia) = proyhecy, divination.] Divination by ashes. Spod o man tic (spdd'o-man^tle), a. [Spodo- mancy.] Pertaining or relating to spodomancy or divination by ashes. (Kingsley: Two Years Ago, ch. vii.) Spolr ish, spoff y (spdff'Ish, spSfFy), a. [Etym. doubtful.] Smart, bustling, officious. [Colloq. Eng.] "A little spoffish man with green spectacles'"— Dickens: Sketches by Boz; Horatio Sparkins. Spoil a hie (spoil'a-ble), a. That may be spoilt. Spoil hank (spoil'bank), n. Earth dumped by the side of an excavation, to get rid of when it is in excess of the quantity required for embank- ments. Spoke (spoke), n. A fastening for a wheel to lock it in descending a hill. To put a spoke in one's wheel (or cart). To thwart him, or to do him a disservice. Spoke-auger. A hollow augur em- ployed to make the round tenons on the outer ends of spokes. Spoliary (spO'lI-a-ry) n. [Lat. Spoliarium.] Roman Antiq.) The place in a Roman amphi- theatre, where the slaughtered gladiators were dragged, and where their clothes were stripped from their bodies. Spong (sp<5ng) n. [Etym. doubtful.] An irregu- lar, narrow, and projecting part of a field. [Prov. Eng.] "The tribe of Judah with a narrow spong con- fined on the kingdom of Edom."—Fuller: Pisgah Sight; pt. ii., bk. iv.. chap. ii. Sponge (sptinj), n. 1. Any sponge-like sub- stance, as, in baking-dough before it is kneaded and formed,when it is full of globules of carbonic acid generated by the yeast or leaven. 2. One who makes a practice of living upon others; a parasite, a sponger: Sponge-tree. (Bot.) Acacia Farnesiana. An evergreen tree of St. Domingo. Sponge (spunj), v. i. To be formed into a light, spongy mass through the action of yeast; said of dough. Sponge let (sptinj'let), n. The same as Spongiole. Spon ge OUS (sptinj-e-tis), a. Resembling a sponge; like a sponge; of the nature of a sponge; full of small pores. " For which purpose, spongeous it [the lights] is and full of hollow pipes within."—P. Holland, Plinie, bk. xi., ch. xxv. Spon gi ose (spunj'I-os), a. Spongious. Spon gold (spdn'goid), a. Resembling a sponge; sponge-like, spongy. Spon sion al (sptfn'sion-al), a. Responsible; implying a pledge, [jRare.] " It is evident that he is righteos, even in that representative and sponsional person he put on." —Leighton: Sermons, ser. 5. Spon ta ne ous (spdn-ta'ne-otis), a. Syn.— Spontaneous, Willing, Voluntary. These terms diminish in force in the order here given. Spontan- eous is employed of that which busts forth from some inherent force of nature, and may be even independent of will; as, a spontaneous burst of ap- plause. Hence it is applicable to inanimate things. Willing expresses a free action of the will congenially exercised; but it more commonly relates to what is done in accordance with the de- sire of others; while Voluntary (voluntas, will) implies that the motive lay in oneself. "He did it voluntarilythat is, he proceeded to do it of his own accord. "He did it willingly," that is, he readily acceded to the request or proposal to do it. Voluntary is not so strong as willing; for willing implies a preference of the will; while any deed may be called voluntary which is not in- voluntary or compulsory. Spoon ey (spoon ey^), n. A stupid or silly fellow; a noodle, a spoon. (Slang.) "Yes, Captain Waldron averred, he was a spooney—Macmiilan's Magazine, No v., 1869, p. 65. Spoon i ly (spoon'I-ly), adv. In a weak or spoony manner; like a spoon. _ Spoon worm (spoon'wttrm ), n. (ZoOl. ) One of a class of annulose animals, division An- arthrapoda. It consists of long worm-like marine animals indistinctly annulated, but not divided into segments. There are oscasionally bristles, but no other locomotive appendages. The sexes are generally separate, and there is a metamor- phosis. Spoor (spoor), n. [Dut.] The track or trail of a wild animal, especially of such as are pursued as game. "Following the spoor slowly and laboriously right up to the top of the hill."— Field, Sept. 4, 1886. Spoor (spoor), v. i. [Spoor, n.] To follow a spoor or trail. "After searching and spooring about for an- other hour, we were obliged to abandon pursuit." Field, Feb. 17, 1887. Spor-, spor o- (sp6r-, spdr'o-), pref. [Spore.] Of, belonging to, or possessing spores or seed. Spor o des (spdr'a-deg), n. pi. [Gr.] 1. (Geog.) A group of scattered islands ; especially applied to a group of islands in the Archipelago. 2. (Astron.) Stars not comprised in any con- stellation; unformed stars. Spo ra di al (spo-ra'dl-al), a. Scattered, spo- radic. Spo rad ic al ly (spo-rad'ie-al-ly), adv. In a sporadic or scattered manner; separately, singly. "They are due to causes acting universally, and not sporadically in one or more centres."— Dawkins: Early Man in Britain, ch. 1. Spo ro cyst (spO'ro-?yst), n. [Pref. sporo-, and Eng. cyst. (Bot.) The spore-case of Algals. Spor ran, Spor an (spdr'ran, spdr'an), n. [Gael. sporan=a purse; Irish sparan.] The pouch or large purse worn by Highlanders in full dress, and by men of the kilted regiments. It is usually made of the skin of some animal with the hair on, and often ornamented with silver and stones. It is worn in front of the kilt. " 4 Ay', replied the Highlander; 'but I keep neither snaw nor dollars in my sporran.'"—Scott: Rob Roy, ch. xxiii. Sport (sport), n. (Biol.) Any organism which deviates from the normal or natural condition. "We may conclude that sudden variations of sports, such as the appearance of a crest of feath- ers on the head . . . would occur at rare intervals during the many centuries which have elapsed since the pigeon was first domesticated."—Dar- win: Animals & Plants, i. 213. Sport (sport), v. i. (Biol.) To assume a charac- ter different from the specific or varietal type. "The sporting character of roses was as much observed at that time as now."—Field, March 6, 1886. To spart off. To utter sportively; to throw off with ease. Sport (spOrt), v. t. To sport one's oak. See Oak. Sport a bil i ty (spOit/a-bil//i-ty), n. Frolic- someness. [Obs.] "In this sportability of chit-chat."—Stern: Sent. Journey; The Passport. Sport al (sport al), a. Belonging or pertaining to sports; practiced in sports. [Rare.] Sport ing (sport ing), p. a. Sporting-book. A book in which a record of bets is kept. Sporting- house. A public-house frequented by sportsmen, betting-men, &c. Sporting-man. A sportsman; one who follows sports, as a pugilist, a pedes- trian, a racing-man, &c. Sporting-paper. A paper or journal devoted to the interests of sport. Sporting-plant. (Bot. & Hort.) The names given by gardeners to plants which have suddenly pro- duced a single bud with a new and sometimes widely different character from that of the other buds. Darwin calls them bud-variations, and says they can be propagated by grafts, &c., and some- times by seed. They rarely occur in plants in a state of nature, but are common under culture. (Origin of Species, ch. i.) Sporting-press. That Notation: a, 6,1, 0, u, f, long; a, 6,1, 6, ti, f, short; cfire, far, last, fall, what; thgre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fOr, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, rijde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; ch as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; n as in linger, link; th as in thine. g^t^On this page will toe found all new words; also all words in tlie latest editions of tooth Wetoster's and Worcester's Unafcridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SPORTINGLY 725 SQUAKE portion of the public press devoted exclusively or mainly to the interests of sport. Sport ing ly (sport ing-ly), adv. In a sport- ive or playful manner ; sportively, in sport. "You do it, I suppose, but sportingly."—Ham- mond: WorTcs. i. 193.. Sport ling (sport ling), n. A small person or creature that sports or plays about. "Pretty sportlings lull of May." Phillips: To Miss Carteret. Sport u la (spOrt'a-la), n. The. same as Sport- ula. Spor u lifer ous (spdr'tt-lifer-ous), a. [Eng. sporule. and Lat. fero=to bear, to produce. ] (Bot.) Bearing sporules. Spot (sprtt), n. Syn.—See Site. Spot (spflt), v. t. To mark as with a spot; to mark or note, so as to ensure recognition; hence, to catch with the eye; to detect, to recognize. [Colloq.] " The hounds spotted him, and he became food and trophy two minutes later."—Fields April 4, 1885. Spot ted (sptit'ted), a. Spotted-emu. (Ornith.) Dromceus irroratus, confined to Western Aus- tralia. Spotted-fever. A malignant epidemic fever attended with lesions of the brain and spin- al cord, usually with purpuric or other erup- tions. Mortality from 25 to 80 per cent, of those attacked. Tanner prefers to call it cerebrospinal fever, and gives as synonyms malignant purpuric- fever, malignant purple-fever, epidemic cerebro- spinal meningitis, and cerebrospinal typhus. Spoils ess (spou§'6ss), n. A bride, a wife, a married woman. [Ofrs.J (Wycliffe: Apocalips xxi.) Spout (spout), n. (Mining) (a) A channel of the same size as the air-head, driven from the air- head into the gate-road at intervals of about fif- teen yards to keep the communication as forward as possible. (b) The chute which carries the coal or ore from the wagon, and dumps it into a car or ship. Up the spout. At the pawnbroker's, in pawn; pawned. [Slang.Spout-fish. (ZoOl.) A fish or mollusc which spouts or squirts out water; spec., several bivalves, as Solon, which do so on retiring to their holes. Spout-hole. An orifice for the discharge of water. Spout-plane. (Carp.) Around-soled plane used in hollowing out etuff for spouting and troughs. Spout less (spout'lSss), a. Having no spout; destitute of a spout. " There the pitcher stands A. fragment, and the spoutless tea-pot there." Cowper: Task, iv. 776. Spraclc (sprftek), a. [Icel. sprcekr, spaikr=brisk, lively ; Gael. & Irish spraic=strength, vigor.] 8pruce, sprightly, lively, animated. [Prov. Eng.] •' He hath sae suddenly acquired all this fine sprack festivity and jocularity."—Scott: Waver- ing', ch. xliii. Sprag (sprag). v. t. To support with sprags. " A portion of it was spragged, but the first end wnich was four yards in length, was without one."—Colliery Guardian, Nov. 5, 1880. fSprag (sprag), n. [Prob. allied to sprig.'] A bil- let of wood ; specif., in mines, a diagonal prop or stay for preventing the roof of a mine from sinking in. 4' Sprags and other articles were thrown under the wheels without effect."—London Daily Tele- graph, Sept. 13, 1886. Sprawl (sprawl), n. A small twig or branch of a tree. [Prov. Eng.~\ Spray (spray), n. 1. A small branch of flowers, leaves, &c., worn by ladies in the hair or on the dress. 2. (Founding) A set of castings attached by their individual sprues to the main stem, occupy- ing the runner and its branches by which the metal entered the mould and was led to the var- ious places to be filled. Spray-drain. (Agric.) A drain formed by burying the sprays of trees in the earth, which keep oj>en a channel. Much used in grass lands. Spray-work. A method of decoration in which sprays and ferns fastened on the material to be treated, over which mark- ing-ink, liquid India ink or sepia, is sprinkled by means of a fine-bristled tooth-brush dipped into the coloring matter, and then rubbed lightly to and fro across the large teeth of a dressing-comb. Spread ing ly (sprSad^ng-ljO, adv. In a spread- ing matter, increasingly. u The best times were spreadingly infected."— Milton: Reform in England, bk. i. Spree (spree), v. t. To indulge in sprees *. as, he is spreeing it. [ Colloq.] Sprey (spra), a. Spry, active. [O&s.] Sprig (sprig), n. An off shoot, a scion, a slip, a youth; generally used in disparagement; as, a sprig of nobility. Spring (spring), n. Spring-balance. A balance in which the weight of an object is determined from the tension or compression of a spring pro- vided with an index and scale. Spring-beauty. (Bot.) An American name for the genus Clay- tonia. Spring-beetle. (Entom.) Click-beetle; skip-jack; snap-bug. Spring-garden. A garden where concealed springs are made to spout jets of water upon the visitors. Spring-grass. (Bot.) Anthoxanthum odoratum, and the genus Anthox- anthum. Spring-gun. A gun which is fired by stumbling of a trespasser upon it or against a wire connected with the trigger. They were formerly set in plantations and preserves. "At that time no statute had been passed making the use of spring-guns a legal offense."— Notes & Qqeries, March 19, 1887. p. 221. Spring - latch. A latch that snaps into the keeper after yielding to the pressure against it. Spring-lock. (Locksmith) A lock in which the bolt slips back when the catch or hasp is applied, and returns by a spring to engage the hasp, catch, or staple. Spring-mattress. A mattress having metalic springs beneath the hair or moss filling. Spring of Pork. The lower part of the forequarter, which is divided from the neck and has the leg and foot without the shoulder. [Obs.] (Beaum & Flet.: Prophetess.) Spring-rye. Rye that is sown in the spring. Spring-stay. (Naut.) A preventer stay, used to assist a principal stay. Spring-tails. (Entom.) The Collembola; a genus of insects that can leap about in all directions by the expansion of their tails, (q. v.) Spring-take- up. (Knitting) An elastic finger, fixed to the needle-carrier, to take up the slack yarn at the end of each stroke. Spring let (spring'ldt), n. A small spring, a little brook. "But yet from out the little hill Oozes the slender springlet still." Scott: Marmion, vi. 37. Sprink ling (sprinkling), n. A small or mod- erate number distributed or scattered, as though sprinkled about. "Within these limits there are sprinklings of various nationalities."—Daily Telegraphy Nov. 20, 1885. Sprock et wheel (sprdek'et-wheel), n. A rag-wheel. Spruce (sprti^e), a. Syn.—See Foppish. Spruce (spruce), n. Prussia leather; spruce- leather. Spruce-leather. Prussian leather; spruce. Spud (spiid), n. Anything short and thick; specifically, (a) A piec« of dough boiled in fat. [U.S.] (b) A potato. [Irish.] "But it was eminently a 'speed the plow', a speed the 4spuds' and the seeds day."—Field. March 12, 1887. Spue (spoe), v. t. and i. To spew. Spum i ness (spam'I-nSss), n. The quality or state of being spumy. Spunky (sptink^), a. Spirited, meddlesome, fiery, irritable, full of spunk. [Collog.] "Erskine a spunky Norland billie." Burns: Cry & Prayer. Spur (spftr), n. 1. (Hydr.-eng.) A production carried out from the bank of a river to deflect the current and protect the bank. It is made of masonry, of piles, or of earth revetted by gabions or fascines. 2. (Naut.) (a) A sole with spikes, to enable a seaman to stand on a whale while flensing it. (b) A prong on the arm of gome forms of anchor, to assist in turning the lower arm from the shank, (c) A shore extending from the bilge- way, and fayed and bolted to the bottom of the ship on the stocks, (d) A curved piece of tim- ber, serving as a half-beam to support a deck where a hatchway occurs, (e) A compass timber or knee, having one arm bolted to the dock- beams and a vertical arm bolted to the bitts, which are additionally secured thereby. 3. (Anat.) The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity or trunk. [.Dunglison.] 4. (Arch.) A buttress. 5. (Bot.) (PI.) Little stunted branches on a tree, flower buds, the growth of which has been retarded because they are about to put forth flower buds instead of leaves. [Lindley.] G. (Carp.) A strut or brace strengthening a rafter or stiffening a post. On the spur of the moment: On the impulse felt at the moment; without consideration. "He most likely regrets now having acted on the spur of the moment."—Daily Telegraph, Dec. 25, 1885. Spur-gear, Spur-gearing. (Mach.) Gearing in which spur-wheels are used. Spur less (spftr'less), a. Without spurs; desti- tute of spurs. Spurn (spfirn), n.1. A blow with the foot; a kick. [Bare. J "And what defense can properly be used in such a despicable encounter as this, but either the slap or the spurnf'1—Milton: Colasx terion. 3. (Mining) (PI.) Small ties or connections left between the coals hanging and the ribs and pillars, to ensure safety to the miner during cut- ting. Spur rey (sptir'rey), n. The same as Spurry. Spute (spate), v. t. [A contract, of dispute.] [O&s.] Spy (spy), n. Syn.—Spy, Emissary. Spy is a less formal term than emissary. A spy is, indefinitely, one Bet to watch others. In war, or between hostile nations, the spy enters the enemy's camp or territory, but for the mere purpose of observ- ation. His safety depends on his being unrecog* nized. The emissary is sometimes not afraid ol being recognized, and mingles in the councils oi the enemy, which he endeavors to influence. The commonest and meanest of men may be spies. A certain degree of intelligence and responsibil- ity are associated with the emissary, who is more fully acknowledged by those who depute him; while spies generally carry on their business on their own account. A clever spy may be pro- moted to be an emissary. A person may turn spy for himself; but appointment makes the emmissary. Spy mon ey (spy^mtin'y), n. Money given to a spy as a reward for secret intelligence. Squab (skwob), n. A short, fat person. "Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan." Cowper: Progress of Error, 218. Squab-chick. A chicken not fully feathered. Squa basil (aqua-bash'), v. t. [Prob. # corrupt, of squash.] To crush, to squash, to ruin. [Colloq. or slang. ] "Compared with the sarcastic irony which squa- bashes poor Mr. Nicholas Carlisle."—Intelligence, April 11, 1830. Squaeco (squae'co), n. [Native name.] (Ornith') A species of heron, Ardea comata. Squad ron (squad'ron), n. (Naval) A division of a fleet: a detachment of ships of war employed upon a pacticular service or station* and under the command of a commodore or junior flag' officer. "Soon came the Noith Holland squadron, the Maes squadron, the Zealand squadron,"—Ma- caulay: Hist. Eng. ch. xviii. Flying Squadron. (Naval) A small number of ships of smaller classes than these intended for fighting in line of battle. They are usually sent on long voyages, and have to trust largely to sail power. Squall y (squall'y), a. (Weaving) Faulty or uneven, as cloth. Squamaceous (squa-ma'ceotis), (ce as sh) a. [Squama.] The same as Squamose. Squa mate, squa mat ed (squa mate, squa'- mat-ed), a. Covered with small scale-like bodies. Squa mel late, squam u lose (squa-mSi7- late, squ&m'u-lOse), a. [Mod. Lat. squamellatus, squamulosus, from squamella.] Having^ or cov- ered with squamellffl. Squam oid (squam'oid), a. Lat. squam(a) = a scale; Eng. suff. -oid.~] Resembling a scale or scales; covered with scales or scale-like integu- ments; scaly. Squam u late (squ&m'ti-late), a. See Squam- ellate. Square (square), adv> 1. At right-angles; as. To hit a ball square to the wickets in cricket. 2. Squarely, fairly, honestly; as, To act square. [Colloq.] Square (squ&re), n. The front part of the fe- male dress near the bosom, generally worked or embroidered. [Ofrs.] "Between her breasts the cruel weapon rives Her curious square, embossed with swelling gold." Fairfax. On (or upon) the square, (a) At right angles; as. To cut cloth on the square, (b) Fairly, hon- estly; as. To act on the square. (Colloq.) Out oj square. Out of the proper order, rule, or propor- tion. "The whole ordinance of that government wag at first evil plotted, and through other oversights came more out of square, to that disorder which it is now come unto."—Spencer: State of Ireland. To break no squares. To make no difference; to give no offence. "I will break no squares whether it be so or not."—VEstrange: Fables. To break squares. To depart from the accus- tomed order. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, ct, y, long; ft, 6,1, 5, fi, f, short; eft re, far, last, fall, what; thSre, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, rgde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; ch as sh; c, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; s as gz; a as in linger, link; titi'as in thine. On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. 77SQUARE 726 STANCE. Square (square), v. i. 1. To take the attitude of a boxer; to spar, (followed by up or off'): as, He squared up to me; he squared off. \Colloq.~\ J£. To strut. "To square it up and down the streets." Greene: Quip for an UiJStart Courtier. To square away. (Naut.) To square the yards fry the braces and run before the wind. Squar rose (squar-rOse'), a. Squarrose- sloshed. (Bot.) Slashed with minor devices at right angles with the others. Called also Squar- roso-laciniate. Squar ro so (sqnar-ro'so), pref. [Squarrose.] (See etym. and compounds.) Squarroso-dentate. (Bot.) Having teeth which do not lie in the plane of the leaf, but form an angle with it. Squar ru lose (squar'rti-lose), a. [Mod. Lat. squarrulosus, dimin. from Lat. squarrosus.] (Bot.) Somewhat squarrose, or jagged. Squash (squash), n. (Z06I.) The musquash, an American animal of the weasel tribe. Squash er (squash'er), n. One who or that which squashes. Squash i liess (squash'l-n^ss), n. The quality or state of being squashy, soft, or miry. Squaw root (squaw-root), n. (Bot.) The genus conopholis (closely allied to orobanche), a scaly plant of the United States; the cancer-root. Squawl (^squall), v. i. To squall. Sque?o> . ish (squeam'ish), a. Syn.—See Fas- tidious. Squeez able (squeez'a-ble), a. 1. That may be squeezed or compressed. £. Capable of being constrained; ready to submit to pressure. "You are too versatile and squeezable Savage: R. Medlicott, bk. i.,ch. ix, Sque teague (sque-teg'), n. (ichthy.) oto- lithus regal is, found in Long Island Sound and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is from one to two feet long, brownish-blue above, with irregular brown- ish spots, sides silvery, belly white. The flesh is wholesome and well-flavored, but so quickly gets soft that it does not rank high in the market. The air-bladder makes excellent isinglass. (Rip- ley & Dana.) It is a voracious fish and bites readily, but its mouth is easily torn, whence it is often called Weak-fish. Squid (squid); n. [Etym. doubtful; perhaps a variant of squib, from their squirting out black matter.] (Zotil.) A popular name for any of the Teuthidse or cuttle-fish. The Common Squid (Loligo vulgaris), about eighteen inches long, is used by fishermen for bait. It is bluish with darker spots, yellowish-white beneath. The Lit- tle Squid (Loligo media), is about one-fourth the sizej spotted with dots of red or purple. Squig gle (squlg'gle), v. i. To have a motion like an eel; to squirm; to wiggle. Squill gee (squill'gee), n. (Naut.) A scrubber, consisting of a plate of gutta-percha at the end of a handle, used for cleaning the decks of ships, foot-pavements, &c.; also written squeegee, squil- lagee, squilgee. Squint (squint), n. 1. An affection of the eyes in which the optic axes do not coincide; strabismus. 2. (Arch.) An opening through the wall of a Roman Catholic church, in an oblique direction, for the purpose of enabling persons in the tran- sept or aisle to see the elevation of the Host at the high altar. They are generally found on one or both sides of the chancel arch, and are about a yard high and two feet wide. Also called a Hagioscope. Squint er (squlnt'er), n. One who squinK "The triumphs of the patriot squinter." Warton: Oxford Newsman's Verses. Squir al ty, squir al i ty (squir'al-tt, squir- ai'i-ty), n. The same as Squirearchy (q. v.). Squir arch y (squir'areh-^), n. See Squire- archy. Squire (squire), n. [0. Fr. esquierie. 1 A rule, a foot-rule, a square. [06s.] Squire arch (squire'arch), n. [Squirearchy.] A member of the squirarchy. "I had long been disgusted with the interfer- ence of those selfish squirearchs."=Lytton: Cax- tons, bk. ii., ch. xi. Squire arch al (squlre-areh/al), a. Belonging or pertaining to a squirearchy; fit for a squire. "Living in houses often almost squirearchal." —Daily News, Sept. 20,1881. Squire archy (squir e'arch-t^n. [Eng. squire, and Gr. apx*? (arche) = rule, apx« (archo) = to rule.] The squires or gentlemen of a country taken collectively; the domination or political in- fluence exercised by the squires considered as a body. "The lesser Irish squirearchy of three or four generations ago.1'—Brit. Quarterly Review, lvii. 510. (1873.) Squir een (squlr-een'), n. A small or petty squire. Stab ber (stab'ber), n. 1. (Domestic) A lady's awl far opening holes for eyelets. (Leather) A pegging-awl; a pricker. 3. (Naut.) A marlinspike. Sta ble (sta'ble), a. Stable equilibrium. In sta- ble equilibrium a body, when disturbed, tends at once to return to its original position; in un- stable equilibrium it tends when disturbed to de- part farther from the original position. Sta ble room (sta'ble-room), n. Room in a stable for cattle or horses; room for stables. Stab lish ment (stab'lish-m6nt). n. Establish- ment; firm settlement. [O&s.] (Hollinshed: De- script. Brit., ch. ix. Stack (stack), n. A chimney of masonry or brickwork, usually belonging to an engine or other furnace; the chimney of a locomotive or steam-vessel. Stack-guard. A temporary roof capable of elevation, and designed to protect a stack or rick of hay or grain in process of form- ation. Stackstand. A device for supporting a stack of hay or grain at a sufficient distance above the ground to preserve it dry beneath and prevent the ravages of vermin; a rick- stand. Stack age (staek'age), n. 1. Hay, grain, or the like, put up into stacks. 2. A tax on things stacked. "Portage, bankage, stackage, &c."—Holinshed: Descript. Eng., bk. ii. Stack et (stack7et), n. (Mil.) A stockade. Stacle (stade), n. See Staith. Sta di um (staWiim), n. (Pathol.) A stage or period of a disease. Staff (staff), n. 1. (Surg.) A curved and grooved steel instrument introduced through the urethra into the bladder in the operation of lithot- omy, and serving as a director for the gorget or knife. Jacob's staff (q. v.) To have the better (or worse^ end of the staff: To be getting the best (or worst) of a matter. Stag (stag),n. (Cotn.) (a) An outside,irregular oper- ator in stock,not a member of the Stock Exchange. (b) A person who applies for the allotment of shares in a joint-stock company, not because he wishes to hold the shares, but because he hopes to sell the allotment at a premium. If he fails in this, he forbears to pay the amount due on allotment, and the deposit is forfeited. [Cant.] Stag (stag), v. i. 1. To hunt stags; to go stag- hunting. £. (Com. Slang) To act the • stag on the Stock Exchange. [See Stag, n.] Stage (stage), n. Stage-box. A box in a the- atre close to the stage. Stage-carriage. A stage- coach. Stage-coachman. The driver of a stage- coach. Stage-direction. A written or printed in- struction as to action or the like, which accom- panies the text of a play. Stage-door. The door giving admission to the stage and the parts be- hind it in a theater; the door of entrance for actors, workmen, &c. Stage-driver. The driver of a stage-coach; a stage-coachman. Stage-mi- crometer. One adapted to the stage of a micro- scope, to measure an object within the field of view. Stage-plate. (Optics) A glass plate 4xlH inches, on the stage of a microscope, having a narrow ledge of glass cemented along one edge to hold an object when the instrument is inclined. It may form the bottom-plate of a growing-slide. Stage-wagon, (a) A wagon for convevieg goods and passengers by stages at regularly-appointed rates, (b) A stage-coach. Sta ger (sta'ger), n. A stage horse. Stag hound (stag'hound), n. A hound used to hunt the stag. They hunt chiefly by sight. Sta ging (sta'glng), n. The occupation of run- ning or managing stage-coaches; the act of trav- eling in a stage-coach. Stag ma (stag'ma), n. [Gr. oray/ia (stagma) = a dropping fluid, from (stazo)— to drop, to fall drop by drop.] A distilled liquor of any kind. [Rare.~\ Stahl ian ism (stftVyan-Izm), n. (Med.) The doctrine that refers all the phenomena of the an- imal economy to the soul. Stahl ians (stfil'yanz), n. pi. (Hist. <& Med.) The followers of George Ernst Stahl, a German physician (1660-1734), who held that the anima, or soul, is the immediate and intelligent agent of every movement and of every change in the body, and that disease was an effort of the soul to expel whatever was deranging the habitual order of health. They were also called Animists, and their school the Dynamic School. Staidly (staid'ly), adv. In a staid, sober, grave, or sedate manner; sedately. Stain (stain), v. t. Syn. Stain, Paint, Dye. We stain wood, glass, paper, and the like, by the application of liquid chemicals; we paint walls, and the like, with a liquid pigment; we dye textile fabrics by immersing them in a coloring liquid. Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated. Stair (stair), n. Below stairs: In the basement: in the lower parts of the house; hence, amongst the servants. Down stairs: [ See Down stairs.] Pair of stairs: A staircase; a set or flight of stairs. Up stairs: In or to the upper part of a house. "Tis gone— and in a merry fit They run up stairs in gamesome race." Wadsworth: Mothers Return. Stair-carpet. A narrow carpet used to cover stairs. Stair-foot. The bottom of the stairs. Staith man (staith'man), n. [Eng. staith and man.] A man whose business is to weigh and ship coals at a staith. [Eng.~\ Stake (stake), n. (Currying) 1. A post on which a skin is stretched while currying or graining. 2. (Metal-working.) A small anvil used by blacksmiths and sheet-metal workers. It usually has a tang, by which it is stuck in a square socket of a benoh, block, or anvil. It has various forma in different trades. 3. (Shipwright.) A strake. 4. (Vehicles) An upright or standard, to keep a log or a load from shifting sideways. Stal ac tit ic al (stai'ac-tit"ie~al), a. Stalac- titic. Stal ag mit ic al (stai'ag-mitf'ie-al), a. Stal- agmitic. Stale (stale), a. Stale affidavit, (Law) An affi- davit held longer than a year. Stale-demand. (Law) A claim for a long time dormant and un- demanded. Stalk (stawk), n. 1. (Arch.) An ornament in a Corinthian capital, which resembles the stalk of a plant, and which is sometimes fluted. From it the volutes and helices spring. 2. (Founding) An iron rod armed with spikeg, forming the nucleus of a core. Stalk (stawk), v. t. To pursue stealthily, as be- hind a stalking horse; to pursue, as game, by creeping and moving behind cover. "One of four we marked down on a small pool, and then stalked."—Field, Dec. 19, 1885. Stal Ion (station), n. A slip or cutting from a plant. "I know who might have had a slip or stallon thereof."—Holinshed: Desc. England, bk. ii., ch. xix. Stall read er (stalFread'er), n. One who reads books while standing at the stalls at which they are sold. "Cries the stall-reader, Bless us! what a word on A title page is this!" Milton: Sonnet 11. Stam in ode, stam in o di um (pi. stam- in o di a) (stam'in-ode), (stam'i-n0"dl-iim), (pi. stam^-no^dla), n. [Lat. stamen, genit. staminis. and Gr. elSos (eidos) = form. (Bot.) (PI.) Bodies resembling stamens, and probably those organs in an abortive state found in certain plants. Sometimes they resemble scales. Stam mel (stam'mel), n. A clumsy, ill-shaped horse, of a large size. Stam mel (stam'mel), a. Made of stammel; per- taining to stammel; of a red color like stammel. "I'll not quarrel with this gentleman For wearing stammel breeches." Beaum & Flet.: Little French Lawyer. Stam mer (stam'mer), n. Defective or imper- fect utterance of speech; a stuttering. Stamp (stamp), n. 1. (Mining.) (a.) One of tne pestles or vertically moving bars in an ore- stamping mill. (p.) A mark cut in the roof or side of the mine, as a point of reference to show the amount of work done. 2. (Print.) A letter. (Used chiefly of small type.) Stamp-battery. (Metall.) A series of stamps in a machine for comminuting ores. , Stamp-collector. A collector or receiver of stamp- head. StSnp-head. The iron block at the end of a vertical stamping-bar. Stamp-note. (Com.) A memorandum delivered by the shipper of goods to the searcher, which, when stamped by him, allows the goods to be sent off by lighter to the ship, and is the captain's authority for receiving them on board. Stamp office. An office where govern-: ment stamps are issued, and where stamp-duties and taxes are received. Stam pede (stam-pede'), v.t. To cause or break • off in a stampede; to cause to take to panic or fight. "There is little fear that they will wander away from the horse unless stampeded, and that rarely occurs."—Scribner's Magazine, April, 1880. p. 392. Stance (stance), n: [From Lat. stans, pr. par. of Notation: a, ©, 1, O, tl, y, long; a, 6,1, 6, ti, f, short; cftre, ffir, last, fall, what; th&re, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fflr, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, r\ide, push; e, i, o, silent; 9 as s; $h as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; a as z; x as gz; 01 as in linger, link; th as in thine. Jp^TOn this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.STANCH STATICAL 8to=to stand.] 1. A site, a position, a situation; an area for building. [Sco£c&.] "No sooner may the Saxon glance Unfix Benledi from his stance." Scott: Lady of the Laket iv. 8. 2. A stanza. [Obs.] "The first stance of the second song." Chapman: Masque of Middle Temple. Stanch (stanch), n. A flood-gate for accumulat- ing a head of water in a river to float boats over shallows, when it is allowed to escape. Stanch el (st&nch el), n. [Seedef.] [Arch.] A stanchion. Stand ee (stan-dee'), n. A person who can not obtain a seat at a place of public amusement, and is so obliged to stand up. [Cant. U. vyij (staphule) = the uvula, and ir\acrJ (stomatike)=a medicine for the diseases of the mouth.] (Med.) A medicine for the diseases of the mouth. Sto mat ic (sto-mat'ie), a. Of or relating to a stoma or stomata. Stom a ti tls (stdm'a-tl^tis), n. [Gr. crrofxa fstoma), genit. o-tohcltos (stomatos); suff. -iifis.] (Pathol.) Inflammation of the mouth, a disease commonly occurring in young children. There are three forms of it; follicular stomatitis, af- fecting the mucous follicles of the mouth; ulcer- ative stomatitis, attacking the gums; and gan- grenous stomatitis, cancrum oris, or sloughing phagedena of the mouth, affecting the tissues of the cheek. Stom a to (sttfm'a-to), pref. [Gr. crrofia (stoma), genit. tTTOfiarog (stomatos) — a mouth.] Per- taining to or connected with the mouth. Stom a to gas trie (sttin^a-to-g&s^trie), a. [Pref. stomato-, and EDg. gastric.] Of or per- taining to the mouth and stomach. Used chiefly of the system of the nerves distributed upon the stomach and the intestinal canal. (Owen.) Stom a to pi as tic (stdm'a-to-pias^tic), a. [Pref. stomato-. and Eng. plastic.] (Surg.) Ap- plied to the operation of forming a mouth, where the aperture has been contracted from any cause. (Dimglison.) Stoiicl (s*6nd), n. A stop, a stand; an impedi- ment or hindrance. " The removing of the stonds and impediments of the mind."—Bacon: Letter to Sir Henry Saville. Stone (stone), n. (Print.) An imposing stone. To leave no stone unturned. To use all available or practicable means to carry out a purpose; to omit or spare no exertions. Syn.—See Rock. Stone (stone), n. & a. Stone-boat, (a) A targe used for carrying stones, (b) A flat-bottomed sled for hauling heavy stones for short distances. Stone-bramble. (Bot.) (a) Rubus saxatilis, a bramble having the barren stems procumbent, unarmed, or with scattered bristles, trifoliate leaves, and very small petals. Found on the stony banks of the subalpine and alpine rivulets in Britain, Europe and Asia, to the Himalayas. (b) Rubus Chamcemorus. (Ogilvie) Stone-brash. (Agric.) A subsoil composed of shattered rock or stone. Stone-cement. A hard composition of the nature of mortar, which will harden and form a water-tight joint. Stone-cold. Cold as a stone; very cold. "At last as marble rock he standeth still, Stone-cold without; within, burnt with love's flame." Fairefax: Godfrey of Bovlogne, xxvii. Stone-coral. Massive, as distinguished from branched, coral. Stone-crush. A sore on the foot occasioned by a bruise, or as if by a( bruise. Stone-falcon, stone-hawk. (Ornith.) Tie mer- lin. "From this habit of perching on pieces of stone, it has derived the name of stone-falcon, a title which has been applied to the bird in Ger- many and France, as well as in England."— Wood: Illus. Nat. Hist., ii. 77. Stone-fougasse. (Mill-eng.) A mine covered with stones. Stone-hag. The name given to the pit-houses, divided into apartments by partition- walls, and all strongly lined with stone, so as to be ihe favorite quarry of the road-menders, prob- ably 2,0fi0 or 3,0U0 years old, found in such num- erous clusters at Goathland and elsewhere in the easterly moorlands of north Yorkshire, England. (Gentleman's Magazine, 1861, p. 503.) Stone-ham- mer. A chipping-hammer used by stone-masons in rough-dressing stone. Stone-lily. [Encrin- ite, Encrinus.] Stone-lugger. (Ichthy.) Cam- postoma. an American genus of Carps. Stone- marten. (Zo6l.) Mustela foina, e, species allied to the Pine-martin, from which it differs in cra- nial and dental characters, and in having the throat white instead of yellow. Stone-mason. One who dresses stones for building or other pur- poses; one who builds with stone. Stone-mortar, A large mortar formerly used in sieges for throwing admass of small stones or hand-grenades upon an advancing enemy. Stone-pine. (Bot.) Pinus Pinea. A tree about sixty feet high, with cones five inches in length, the kernels of which are eaten in Italy, France and China. It is the 7riTvs (pitus) of Dios corides. Stone-root. (Bot.) Collinsonia canadensis, a labiate plant, having light-yellow flowers with a lemon-like odor. [Hokse-balm.J Stone-toter. (Ichthy.) Exoglossttm, an American genus of Carps. Called also cut-lips. Stone bruise (stone'bruise), n. A sore on the foot occasioned by a bruise, or as if by a bruise. Stones field (stones'fieid), n. (Geog.) A par- ish in Oxfordshire, England, three and a half miles W. N. W. from Woodstock. Stonesjield- slate. (Geol.) A slightly oolitic, shelly lime- stone occurring at Stonesfield. It forms large lenticular masses, embedded in sand only six feet thick, but is very rich in organic remains. It contains pebbles of a rock very similar to, if not identical with itself. Of plants it contains about twelve fern genera; specially, Pecopteris, Sphen- opteris, and Tseniopteris; a cycad, coniferae, Thuyites, and Araucaria, an endogen like Pan- danus. Of animal remains, the elytra of beetles, some resembling Buprestis; reptiles, specially Ichthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus, Cetiosaurus, Teleo- saurus, Megalosaurus, and Rhamphorhynchus; ten species of marsupials of the genera Amphi- lestes, Phascolotherium andStereognathus. The Stonesfield-slate lies at the base of the Great Oolite, and is developed in Oxfordshire, North Northamptonshire, and Lincolnshire. (Lyell.) Stool (stool), n. 1. A decoy-bird. [In this sense probably a corruption of stale.] [ U. &.] H. (Naut.) (a) Chocks beneath the tran- soms for the attachment of fashion-pieces, (b) A piece of plank fastened to a ship's side to re- ceive the bolting of the gallery, (c) A small channel on a ship's side for containing the dead- eyes of the back-stays. S tool of a window, win- dow stool. (Arch.) The flat piece upon which the window shuts down, corresponding to the sill of a door. Stool-pigeon. A pigeon used as a decoy for others; a decoy. [Stool, 1.] Stop (st6p), v. i. To remain; to stay or reside temporarily; to put up, to have lodgings; as, He is stopping at the Palmer House. [Colloq. U. &] Syn.—See Stay. Stope (stOpe), n. [From step.'] (Mining) A horizontal bed or layer of ore which forms one of a series of steps into which it has been exca* vated. "We were obliged to stope the sides of the shaft in blue-stone, but we have cut through the lode in the stope about five feet wide of very good appearance."—Money Market Review, Nov. 7, 1885. Stop ing (stop'ing), n. (Mining) The act of cutting mineral ground with a pick, working downwards; the act of forming into stopes. Stop out (stdp'out), v. t. & i. (Steel engraving.) (See extract). "If variation of tone and a difference of force in the lines is required, as is usually the case, the more delicate portions of the sketch are stopped' out, that is, covered by varnish, so that they shall not be affected by any subsequent exposur# in the bath. The plate is again immersed, and the process of stopping-out repeated."—Scribner's Aug. 1880, p. 586. Stop per bolt (st6p'per-bolt), n. (Naut.) A large ring-tolt driven in the deck of a ship be- fore the main hatch, for securing the stoppers to. Stop ping out (st6p ping-out), n. A mode of etching. See Stop-out, v., and Etching. Stop plank (stop'pl&nk), n. (Hydraulic-eng.) One of the planks employed to form a sort of dam in some hydraulic works. They generally occupy vertical grooves in the wings walls of a lock or weir, to 1. old back water in case of tem- porary disorder of the lock-gates. Stop pie (stdp ple), v. t. To close or stop with a stopple. "Stoppled his cruise, replaced his book Within its customary nook." Cowper: Moralizer Corrected. Stop watcll (sttip'wdtch), n. A watch in which the works, (or a part of them), may be stopped by pressing in an exterior pin. Used in timing races, &c. Store (store), n. To set store by. To value high- Notation: a, 6,1, 0, Q, y, long: a, e, I, 6, ti, y, short; care, far, last, fall, what; th&re, veil, term; pique, firm;- done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ftirl, rude, push; e, i, o, silent; g as s; ?h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; q as in lioger, link; th as in thine. IWOn this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.STORESHIP 732 STREAM ly; to set a great value on. Syn. Store, Shop' In England, the term shop is used to designate a place where goods are sold, while store is used in its original sense, to designate a place where materials are stored, as a warehouse. In the United States, shop is used of a place where cer- tain kinds of work are done; as a carpenter's shop, a blacksmith's s/top, while store is applied to places where goods are sold. Fallow's Synonyms Discrimina tecl. Store ship (store ship), n. A vessel employed to carry stores for the use of fleet, garrison, &c. Sto rey (storey), n. The same as Story. Storied (sto'ried), a. Havinga story, stories, or stages. "When we speak of the lntercolumniation or distance which is due to each order, we mean in a dorique, ionical, corinthian porch, or cloister, or the like of one contignation, and not in storied buildings."—Wotton: Remains, p. 26. Storm (storm), n. Magnetic storm. Magnetism. A magnetic disturbance simultaneously affecting a large portion of the globe. Sabine records a storm of this kind felt at the same time at Prague, the Cape, Tasmania, and Toronto. Storm-cock. (Ornith.) The Missel-thrush. Storm- finch. (Ornith.) The Stormy-petrel. Syn. Storm, Tempest, Hurricane. Storm being of northern origin, tempest of southern origin, and hurricane (originally a Carib word) of tropical origin, express the same phenomenon, varied according to the peculiarities of different lati- tudes. A storm implies violent winds disturbing clouds, woods, and seas, with rain, or perhaps snow or hail. Tempest is violent wind accom- panied by rain, thund er, and lightning. Hurri- cane is a storm of that degree of intensity which is, strictly speaking, known only within the tropics. Storm ing (stQrm'lng), p. a. [Storm, v.] Storm- ing~party. (Mil.) The party to whom the duty is assigned of making the first assault in storm ing a fortress or town. Storm less (stOrm'less), a. Free from storms. "It seems astonishing that any, save the low- est thickset trees, could ever have found a period sufficiently stormless to establish themselves."— Scribner's Magazine, Nov. 1878, p. 55. Sto ry book (sto'rjHbdok), n. A book contain- ing one or more stories or tales. Stoup (stoup), n. A portable vessel for holy water; a stone basin for holy water, placed at the entrance of a Roman Catholic church; an aspersorium. Stout (stout), a. Syn. Stout, Fat, Corpulent. Stout in our old writers, was employed to express the combination of j>hysical strength and courage, and when it stood for either of these separately, it was for the latter. Traces still remain of this use in such phrases as, "A stout heart;" "A stout " resistance." It is now commonly used for thick- set or bulky, but not in excess, unless this is Specifically said. It describes an appearance characteristic of strength and vigor. It is em- ployed analogously of material substances; such as a stout plank; stout cloth; a stout vessel. In the human subject it respects the state of the muscles and bones. Fat denotes an exhibition of the oleaginous substance deposited in the cells of the adipose or cellular membrane. When this exists in superabundance, the person is said to be corpulent. Fat may be local or partial. Corpu- lent applies to the whole body. Stove (stove), n. Cooking-stove. A stove used chiefly for cooking. Foot-stove. A small box with an iron pan used for holding coals to warm the feet; a foot-warmer. Stra bot O my (stra- bOt'o-m^), n. [Gr. o-rpa- jSos (strabos) = squinting, and ro/u.rj (tome) = a cutting. J (Surg.) The operation for the cure of squinting by cutting the muscle or muscles that distort the eye-ball. Dunglison. Strad «lle (strad dle), n. 1. The act of stand- ing or sitting with the legs far apart. 2. The distance between the legs or feet of the one who straddles. "Then holding the spectacles up to the court— Your lordship observes they are made with a straddle." CovSper: Adjudged Case. 3. Anything more or less resembling the space inclosed by the legs in straddling. Strad o met rie al, Strad a met rie al (strad'o-mSt^rlc-al), (strftd'a-mSt^ric-al), n. [Ital. strada=& street, a road; Eng. metrical.] Of, or pertaining to the measurement of streets or road8. (In the example=pedestrian, walking through the streets.) "We commenced our stradametrical survey of Rotterdam.—Household Words, vii. 246. (1853.) Straight (strat), a. 1. Direct, plain, open; as, a straight hint. (Slang.) 2. (Bot.) (Of a stem, <&c.) Not wavy or curved, or deviating in any way from a straight direction. 3. (Cards) Applied to a series of regularly graduated value, as ace, king, queen, jack, ten, &c. at poker. [U. S.J Straight-arch. (Build.) A kind of arch used for the heads of door-ways and windows. It is formed of voussoirs, but has a level intrados. Syn —Straight, Direct. Straight is applied in its proper sense to corpore- al objects; a path is straight because it is kept within a shorter space than if it were curved. Direct is said of that which is made by the force of the understanding, or by an actual effort, what one wishes it to be; hence we speak of a direct route or of a direct answer. Straight en (straight en), (gh silent), v. t. To make straight; to reduce from a crooked, curved or bent to a straight form. Straight joint (straight'joint), (gh silent), n. (Arch.) (a.) A joint which does not curve or depart from a straight line. (b.) A name given to the junction line of flooring boards when the joints at the butting ends of the boards form a continuous line. Straight out I>em ocrats (straight'out d6m' o-erats), (gh silent), n. pi. (Hist.) A political party which arose in the Uniled States in 1872, their distinguishing tenet being that govern- ments should be limited to police functions. They have not risen into any considerable power. (Haydn.) Strain (strain), v. t. Syn.—Strain, Force. To strain is properly a species of forcing; we may force in a variety of ways, that is by the exercise of force upon different bodies, and in different directions; but to strain is to excercise force by stretching or prolonging bodies; thus to strain a cord is to pull it to its full extent; but we may speak of forcing any hard substance in, or forcing it out, or forcing it through, or forcing it from a body. A person may be said to force himself to speak, when by a violent exertion he gives utter- ance to his words; but he strains his throat or his voice when he exercises force on the throat or lungs so as to extend them. Crabb. Strake (strake), n. (Shipbuild.) A continuous line of planking or plates on a vessel's side; reaching from stem to stern. Stram (stram), v. i. [ Cf. Low Ger. strammen; Dan. stramme=to strain, to stretch; stram= stretched. To spring or recoil violently. (Prov. Eng. Stram (stram), v. t. To hurl down violently; to beat. (Prov. Eng.) Stram a zoun (stram'a-zoun), n. [Fr. estrama- gon. J A descending blow or cut with a sword, as distinguished from a stoccade or thrust. [06s.] "I ... made a kind of stramazoun, ran up to the hilts through the doublet."—Ben Jonson: Every Man out of his Humor, iv. 3. Stran gle (strangle), n. Strangulation. Chaucer: C. T., 2460. Stran gu lat ed (stran'gtt-lated), a. (Bot.) Irregularly contracted and expanded. Stran gu ry (stran'ga-ry), n. [Lat. stranguria, from Gr. arpayyovpLa (strangguria) —retention of the urine, when it falls by drops, from o-rpdyi; (strangx) genit. o-rpayyos (stranggos)= a drop, and ovpov (ouron) = urine; Sp. estranguria; Ital. stranguria.'] (Bot.) A swelling or other disease produced in a plant by the pressure of too light a ligature. Strap (strap), n. 1. (Harness) A leathern thong, provided with a buckle, by which separ- ate parts of a set of harness are connected to- gether. 2. (Mach.) A band over the end of a rod to hold a connecting pin or wrist. 3. (Naut.) (a) One of the rudder bands, which also holds a pintle, which hooks into an eye on a brace bolted to the stern-post, (b) A band of rope or metal around the shell of a tackle-block, by which its hook, eye, or tail is attached thereto. 4. (Vehicles) (a) A plate on the upper side of the tongue, and resting upon the double tree, to assist in holding the wagon-hammer, (b) A clip, such as that which holds the spring to the spring- bar or to the axle, (c) The stirrup-shaped piece of a clevis. Strap-head. (Mach.) A jour- nal-box secured by a strap to a connecting rod. Strap-hinge. A hinge with long flaps, by which it is secured to the door or post. Strap-joint. (Mach.) A connection by strap, key, and gib, as on the end of a pitman. Strap-oil.) A thrashing. [ColloqJ] Strap-work. (Arch.) A style of ar- chitectural ornomentation, representing a band or bands crossed, folded, and interlacing. There exist specimens of it, which must have been exe- cuted as long ago as the eleventh century, but it was far more general in the fifteenth and six* teenth centuries. Strap per (strap per), n. 1. One whouses a strap. 2. Something bulky or large; a tall, strapping person. [Vulgar.] 44 She's a strapper, a real strapper—C'. Bronte: Jane Eyre, ch. xx. Strat a rith met ry (ptrat'a-rith' met-rj*), n. [Gr. (strepho), fut. arpexfjui (strepsd)=totwist, to turn.] Twisted or turned; having any process twisted or turned; turning. Strep sip ter (strgp-slp'ter), n. [Strepsiptera.] (Entom.) Any insect of the group Strepsiptera. (q. v.) Strep sip ter a (strSp-stp'ter-a), n. pi. [Pref. strepsi-, and Gr. Trre'pov (pteron) = a wing.] (Entom.) A group of Insects parasitic on the Hymenoptera. By some writers they are made a distinct order, whilst others regard them as a degraded group of Coleoptera. and place them in a family Stylopidse. Strep si rhine (strgp'si-rhme), a. Of, belong- ing to, or characteristic of the Strepsirhina (q. v.). Stress (stress), n. (Mech.) Force exerted in any direction or manner between contiguous bodies, or parts of bodies, and taking specific names according to its direction or mode of action: as Compressive stress: Tending to crush a body. Shearing stress: Tending to cut it through. Tensile stress: Tending to draw or pull the parts of a body asunder. Torsional stress: Tending to twist it asunder, the force acting with leverage. Transverse or lateral stress: Tending to bend it or break it across,theforce being applied aterally, and acting with leverage. Stress fill (strSss'ful), a. Exerting great stress. Stretch er (strfetch'er), n. 1. One who or that which stretches, extends or expands. Spe- cially: (a) A corner-piece for distending a can- vas frame. (6) One of the extension-rods of an umbrella, attached at one end to the sleeve which slides on the handle, and at the other end to a rib of t*!he frame, (c) A round rail joining the legs of a chair; a round, (d) A jointed rod, by whose extension the carriage bows are separated and expanded, so as to spread the canopy or hood. (e) A flat board on which corpses are stretched or laid out previously to coffining. (/) A litter, frame, or hand-barrow for carrying a wounded, sick or dead person; also a frame on which dis- orderly or violent persons are strapped in order to move them from one place to another. "-was insensible for a short time and had to be brought back on a stretcher to the enclosures." Field, Sept. 4, 1886. 2. A statement which outstretches the truth; a lie, an exaggeration. 3. (Carp.) A tie-timber frame. 4. (Naut.) A cross-piece to keep the sides of a boat distended when slung to get on board or overboard. Stretcher-bearers. (Mil.) Men de- tailed for conveying the wounded from the field to the nearest ambulance or dressing station. Not organized regimentully, though men are trained voluntarily in ambulance work. They are lormed into companies of the Army Hospital Corps. Stretcher-mule. (Cottrni) A mule adapted to stretch and twist fine rovings of cotton, bring- ing them forward another stage in respect -f at- tenuation and twisting. Stretching (stretching), p. a. Stretching- course. (Mason.) a course of stones or bricks laid with their longest dimensions in the direc- tion of the length of the wall. [Bond.] Stretch- ing-piece. (Carp.) A strut. Stri a (stri a), [pi. stri «e (stress)], n. [Lat.] (Med.) A large purple spot, like the mark pro- duced by the stroke of a whip, appearing under the skin in certain malignant fevers. Stri ate (stri ate), v. t. To mark with strias. Stride, le (strlek le), n. (Found.) (a) A semi- circular piece of wood used in smoothing moulds of loam to form cores for curved or crooked pipes; also for spreading upon the cores a thick- ness of loam answering to the required thickness of the pipe, (b) A staright-edge of wood with which to remove superfluous sand from a flask after ramming up. Strick ler, Stride less (strick'ler, strlek'- 16ss), n. The same as Strickle. Strict (strict), a. Syn.—Strict, Severe. Strict characterizes the thing which binds or keeps in control. Severe characterizes in the proper sense the disposition of the person to inflict pain, and in an extended application the thing which inflicts pain. The term strict is, therefore, taken always in the good seuse; severe is good or bad, according to circumstances; he who has author- ity over others must be strict in enforcing obedi- ence,in keeping good order and a proper attention to their duties; but it is possible to be very severe in punishing those who are under us, and yet very lax in all matters that our duty demands of us. (Crabb.) Strig il ose (strig'il-Ose), a. [Dimin. of strig- ose.T (Bot.) Set with small, slender strigge. Strike (strike), v. i. 1. To quit work in order to compel an increase or to prevent a reduction of wages, or to secure shorter hours of working, or other like cause. "About 1,000 hands struck at two of the prin- cipal works."—Weekly Echo, Sept. 5, 1885. To take root; to grow, as a slip of a plant. " The young tops strike freely if they are taken off about three inches long, and inserted singly in some sandy soil in small pots."— Fields March 12, 1887. 3. To take a course or line; to turn or break off. "Hounds striking to the right."—Field, March 12, 1887. # 4. To row, from the oar striking the water. "This rate of striking was kept up for the first mile."—Field, March 5, 1887. To strike out. To produce by striking or colli- sion; as, To strike out fire with a steel. To blot out, to erase, fo efface. To plan or excogitate by a quick effort; to hit upon, to invent, to devise, to contrive; as, To strike out a new line. In box- ing to daliver a blow straight from the shoulder. To direct one's course in swimming; as, He struck out for land. Strike (strike), v. t. To strike a centre (or cen- tring). (Arch.) To remove the centre or cen- tring from an arch. To strike a jury. (Law) To constitute a special jury ordered by a court, by each party striking out a certain number of names from a prepared list of jurors, so as to re- duce to the number required by law. To strike a rate. To assess and seal a rate formally. "Both bodies had struck rates."—London Dailg Telegraph, January 30, 1886. To strike at. To make or aim a blow at; to mftke an attack or; to attack. kA puny subject strikes At thy great glory." Shakesp. Richard III., iv. 2. To strike down. To prostrate by a blow or blows; to fell. To strike home. 1 o give an effective blow. To strike in. (a) To go in suddenly; to disappear from the surface, with internal conse- quences, as an eruption on the skin, (b) To in- terrupt, to interpose. To strike off the rolls, to strike one^s name off the rolls. To erase the name off from a list or roll; specif., of a solicitor or an attorney, to strike his name off the list of persons qualified to practise. This may be done at his own request, but it is the invariable pen- alty in cases of gross professional misconduct. "There had been no misconduct shown of a character to justify striking the man's name off the rolls."—Pall Mall Gazette, Aug. 8,1884. Strike (strike), n. 1. (Mining) The place where the vein crops out. 2. (Sugar) The quantity of syrup, the con- tents of the last-pan, emptied at once into the coolers. Strik er (strlk'er), n. 1. A harpoon, also a harpooner. "Wherever we come to an anchor we always send out our strikers, and put our hooks and lines over-board to try for fish."—Dampier: voyages« (an. 1684). 2. A wencher. [Obs.] 3. A workman who is on a strike. "When the train arrived with the men to sup. ply the place ot the strikers it was found that a lai^e crowd had assembled outside the station." —Daily Chronicle, Dec. 18, 1885. Strik ing (strik ing), p. a. (Join.) Running a molding with a molding-plane. Striking-distance. The distance through which a given effort or in- strumentality will prove effectual. Striking-knife. A triangular steel knife for smoothing hides. Striking-machine, (a) (Leather) A knife for scraping hides, (b) (Metal) A machine for stamping metals. String beans (string;bean§), n. pi. French beans or bush beans; so named from the string- like fibre, stripped from them in preparing them for cooking. String er (slring'er), n. 1. One who string?, as— (a) One who makes or furnishes strings for a bow. " The offices of the bowmaker, the fletcher, and the stringer, were all kept separate."—Knight: Pictorial Hist. Eng., ii. 871. (b) One who files or arranges on a string; as, a stringer of beads or pearls. 2. A fornicator, a wencher. [06s.] "Hath been an old stringer in his days." Beaum. & Flet.: Knight of Burning Pestle, i. 3. (Carp.) A horizontal timber connecting posts in a frame; as— (a) A tie-timber of a truss- bridge. (6) A horizontal tie in a floor framing. 4. (Rail.-eng.) A longitudinal balk or timber on which a railway rail is fastened, and which rests on transverse sleepers. 5. (Shipwright) An inside strake of plank or of plates, secured to the ribs and supporting the ends of the beams; a shelf-piece. String piece (string'pie^e), n. (Carp.) (a) A horizontal connecting-strip or plank of a frame. (6) The timber beneath a staircase which forms the soffit or ceiling, (c) A timber in a floor framing. String y (string^), a. Stringy-bark tree. (Bot.) A popular Australian name for many of the Euca- lypti, from the fibrous character of their bark; specif., Eucalyptus gigantea, a huge tree, 400 feet high, and about 100 feet in girth a yard from the ground. Stripe (stripe), n. 1. Color as the badge of a party, organization or faction; hence, disting- uishing qualities, character or feature: as, they are all of the same stripe. 2. (Mil.) (PL) Narrow strips of cloth, or gold or silver lace, worn by non-commissioned officers, to denote their rank, and as a mark of good conduct. 3 ( Weaving) A pattern produced by arrang- ing the warp-threads in sets of alternating colors. To get (or lose) one's stripes. (Mil.) To be pro- moted to (or reduced from) the rank of a non- commissioned officer. Strix (strlx), n. [Lat., from Gr. crrpt£ (strix) = arpLy^ (stringx)=an owl, lit., the screecher, from lii ole (strO'phl-Ole). [Lat. strophiolum =a small wreath or chaplet, dimin. from stro- phium; Gr. iov (strophion)=a band, stay, or stomacher]. (Bot.) A tubercle surrounding the hilum of some seeds. It proceeds from the testa, independent of the micropyle, or funicle. Example, Viola. Called also a Caruncle. Stropti u lus (strdph'n-lfis), n. [Dimin. from Lat. strophus; Gr. crrpofios (strophos) = a' twisted band.] (Pathol.) Redgum, Tooth-rash; an erup- tion of minute hard, slightly-red pimples, clus- tered and scattered, affecting infant or young children. The largest number of pimples are on the face and the neck. It arises from irritation of the stomach, and has been supposed by some to be lichen modified by the delicate skin of the infant affected. The irritation is slight, and the disease not dangerous. Unimportant variations have led to the establishment of the species Strophulus intertinctus, S. confertus, S. candidus, and S. volaticus. Stroud (stroud), n. [Etym. doubtful; perhaps from Stroud, in Gloucestershire, England, where flannel and cloth are manufactured in large quantities.] A kind of coarse blanket or garment of strouding worn by the Indians of North Ame- rica. Stroud ing (stroud'ing), n. [Stroud.] A coarse kind of fabric used in the trade with the Indians of North America, materials for strouds. Struc tu rist (strtic'tu-rlst), n. One who makes structures; a builder, a constructor. Strull (stroll), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A bar placed in such a manner as to resist weight. Strum (strum) v.t. [A word of imitative origin.] 1. To play, as on a stringed instrument, noisily and unskilfully. "The ability to strum a few airs on the piano.'' —Daily Telegraph, April 1, 1886. 2. To affect, by playing noisily and unskilfully on a stringed instrument. "To strum my father to sleep after a fox-chase." Sheridan: School for Scandal, ii 1. Strum (strtlm), v. i. To play noisily and unskil- fully on a stringed instrument; to thrum. Strum (strtim), n. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Prov. Eng. ] Struma (stroma) [pi. strumse, (str^-mre)], n. (Lat.=a scrofulous tumor. (Bot.) (a) A swelling or protuberance where the petiole meets the lamina of a leaf, as in Mimosa sensitiva. • (b) A dilatation or swelling on one side at the base of the sporangia of some mosses. Stru mose (stru-mose'), Strumous. Stru mou* IK'S* (stni'mous-nSss), n. The quality or state of being strumous. Strum pet (strunrpet), v. t. To call or give the reputation of a strumpet to; hence, to lie about, to slander. "Penthea, poor Penthea's name is strumpeted." Ford: Broken Heart, iv. 2. Strum strum (striim strain), n. [A redup. of strum.'] A rude musical instrument, a tomtom. [06s. ] "The strumstrum is made somewhat like a cit- tern."—Dampier: Voyages (an. 1684.) Strun tain (str tin7 tain), n. [Etym. doubtful.] A coarse, narrow, worsted braid. [Sco£c/i.] Struse (struse), n. [Russ.] (Naut.) A river- craft of Russia for carrying produce and goods. Stru tlii o lies (stru thi-o' nes), s. pi. [PI. of Mod. Lat., &c. struthio.] (Ornith.) A synonym of Ratitse, a genus of birds containing the ostrich. stril vite (stru'vite), n. [After the Russian statesman, V. Struve.J (Min.) An orthorhombic mineral occurring only in isolated crystals. Hard- ness, 2 0; sp. gr. l"65tol*7; color, yellowish to brown, becoming white on exposure, by loss of water of crystallization; lustre, vitreous; translu- cent. Compos.: phosphoric acid, magnesia, am- monia, and water. Found originally in a bed of peat, above which a large amount of cattle dung existed; since found in guano at various localities. Stryde (stryde), n. Stride. [O&s.] Stub (stub), n. Stub-end. (Mach.) The enlarged end of a connecting-rod, in which the boxes are confined by the strap. Stub-iron. Iron formed from stubnails. It is used especially for gun- barrels of superior quality. Stub-mortise. ( Carp.) A mortise which does not pass through the object in which it is made. Stub-tenon. (Carp.) A short tenon at the foot of an upright. Stub-twist. A gun-barrel made of a ribbon of combined iron and steel, the iron being derived from stubs. Stub bi,ness (sttib'bi-nSss), n. 1. The quality or state of being stubby. 2. Stubbedness; bluntness. Stub bled (stub'bld),®. 1. Covered with stubble, stubby.. "A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain." Gay: To Paul Methuen, Esq., epis. 4. 2. Stubbed; short. [06s.] "But they [her legges] were sturdy and stub- bledSkelton: Elinour Rumming. Stub bly (sttib'bljOt a> Covered with stubble; stubbled. Stubborn (sttib'born),™. Syn.—Stubborn, Ob- stinate. These terms stand to each other as the negative to the positive. To persist in one's own ways of thought or action, in spite of the efforts or wishes of others, is common to both. But an obstinate man will do what he has determined upr n. A stubborn man will not do what others would have him do. Stubbornness is an asmine exhibition of passive obstinacy. A stubborn re- sistance, in the secondary sense, might be shown by the walls of a castle against the besiegers; an obstinate resistance by the defenders. Stud (sttid), n. 1. A contrivance for fastening loose papers together. It may consist of a head with two strips of flexible metal, which are passed through a hole in the papers, and bent in con- trary directions; or may be a small threaded piece of metal with a fixed head and movable nut. Called also paper-fastener. 2. An eyelet with an ear attached so that, for expedition, the lace may be passed under the ear instead of through the eyelet hole. 3. A stem, a trunk. [06s.] "Seest not thilke same hawthorne studde, How bragly it begins to budde." Spenser: Shepheards Calendar; March. 4. (Mach.) (a) A boss or protuberance de- signed to hold an attached object in place, (b) A short rod fixed in and projecting from something, sometimes forming a journal. 5. (Naut.) A cast-iron brace across the min or diameter of a cable-link, to prevent collapse. Stud bolt (sttid'bolt). (Mach.) A bolt with a thread at either end to be screwed into a fixed part at one end, and have a nut screwed on it at the other. Stud der y (sttid'der-^), n. A breeding estab- lishment for horses; a stud-farm. [06s.] (Holin- shed: Descr. Eng., bk. iii., ch. i.) Stud ding? (stM'drag), n. A collective term for studs and joists, or the material for making them. Stuff (sttiff), v. t. To stuff a ballot-box. To put fraudulent votes into it. [ U. /S.] Stuff i ness (stiWi-ness), n. 1. The quality or state of being stuffy, close, or musty; close- ness, mustiness. "The natural and yet mysterious stuffiness of a railway carriage."—Queen, Sept. 26, 1885. it. Obstinacy; sulkiness. Stuffing box' (stilff ing-b6x), n. (Mach.) (a) A box with an annular recess around a piston-rod, and provided with a follower and bolts whereby the packing may be screwed down. (6 ) A sleeve adapted to press a collar of hemp around a pis- ton-rod; a gland. The stuffing-boxes in a locomo- tive engine are recesses for admitting some soft material, such as white spun-yarn, to render steam-tight any rod working through this stuff- ing or packing. The piston-rods, slide-valve rods, regulator-rods, and pump-plunger, all work through stuffing-boxes of this description. Stuff y (sttiff'jr) a. 1. Stout, plucky, mettle- some, resolute. [Scotch.] 2. Angry, grouty, sulky, mulish, obstinate. [U.S.-] Siull (btfill), n. (Cf. Ger. stollen=a stand, a sup- port; Sw. stoll = a gallery. (Mining) Timbei placed in the back of a level, and covered with boards or small poles, to support rubbish. [Prov. Eng. ] "We had to stop the drill until lessees could get in their stulls and lagging.''=Money Market Review, Feb. 20, 1886, p. 307. Stul til o quent (sttil-til'o-quent), n. [Lat. stultus=iooUsh, and loquens, pr. par. of loquor— to speak.] Addicted to foolish talk or babbling. Stul til o quent ly (stul-tiVo-quent-ly), adv. In a stultiloquent manner; with foolish talk. Stump (stiimp), n. (Art.) A short, thick-point- ed roll of leather or paper, used to rub down the harsh or strong lines of a crayon or pencil draw* ing, or for shading it, or for rubbing solid tints on paper from colors in powder. (Fairholt.) On the stump: Touring or itinerating through a dis- trict or country, and making speeches on political or other questions. [Colloq. U. k//0, «wb-acetate of lead. The following words are some of the compounds of stib: Sub-acromial. (Anat.) Situated under theacromion. There is a sub-acromial bursa. Sub-agency. A subordinate agency. Sub-agent. (Law) The agent of an agent. Sub-almoner. A subordinate or deputy ^almoner. "Subdean of his Majesty's chapel . . . and sub- almoner to him."—Wood: Fasti Oxon., ii. Sub-apical. Under the apex; of or pertaining to the pait under the apex. Sub-family. (Nat. Science) A grade between a fami'y and a genus. Sub-fibrous. Somewhat or slightly fibrous. Sub- reader. An under reader in the Inns of Courts. [Eng.] Sub-sizar, sub-sizer. An under-sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar. (Cambridge Univ.) [Eng.] ilA sub-sizer of Peter-house in Cambridge."— Wood: Athence Oxon. Sub aid (siib7aid), v. t. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. aid.] To give secret or private aid to; to aid secretly or in an underhand manner. "To hold that kingdom tromsubaiding such, Who else could not subsist." Daniel: Civil War, viii. Sub al pine (sub-Si7 pine), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. alpine.] Not quite alpine, though approach- ing it. Used in Botany, &c., for the zone on a mountain side just below the alpine zone. Sub ar cu at ed (sub-ar77ea-at7ed), n. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. arcuate.] Having a form like that of a bow; somewhat arcuate or incurved. Sub aud (sub-aud7). v. t. [Lat. subaudio.] To understand or supply when an ellipsis occurs. [Bare.] Sub ax il lar y (stib-ax7il-lar-y). a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. axillary.] (Anat.) Situated or placed beneath the armpit or the cavity of the wing. Sub brach i al (sub-br&eh'i-al), n. [Subbrach- iales.] The same as Subbrachian, a. (q. v.) Sub brach i a les (sub-braeh7l-a77le§), n. pi. [Pref. sub-, and Lat. brachiatus=with bows or branches like arms; brachium=an arm.] (Ichtliy.) A group of Anacanthina, having ventral fins. Families, Gadidse and Pleuronectidas. Sub brach i an (sub-braeh'I-an), a. [Subbrach- iales.] Pertaining or belonging to the group Subbrachiales (q, v.) Sub brach i an (stib-br&eh'I-an), n. (Ichthy.) Any individual of the group Subbrachiales. Sub con tra ry (sub-e6n7tra-ry), a. (Logic.) (a) A term applied to each of the two particular propositions when one is affirmative and the other negative. Thus "Some man is learned," "Some man is not learned," are sub-con- trary propositions with respect to each other. Sub-contrary propositions cannot be both false, for then their contradictories, which are contrary propositions with regard to each other (in this case, "No man is learned," "All men are learned") would both be true. But, as in the examples given above, two sub-con- traries may both be true, (b) Applied to the re- lation between two attributes which co-exist in the same substance, but in such a way that as one in- creases the other decreases. Sub-contrary section. (Geom.) In any surface of the second order, if two planes be passed perpendicular to the same principal plane, but not parallel to each other, and so that the sections are similar, both the planes and the sections are sub-contrary with respect to each other. Sub con tra ry (sftb-efln'tra-ry), n. (Logic.) A sub-contrary proposition. Sub cul tra ted (siib-ciiFtra-ted), a. Shaped like a colter. Sub dec a nel (stib-dSc'a-nel), a. Pertaining or relating to a subdean or subdeanery. Sub del e gate (sub-del7e-gate), n. A subor- dinate or under delegate. Sub del e gate (siib-d6l7e-gate), v. t. To ap- point to act as sub-delegate, or under another delegate. [Rare.] Sub de riv a tive (stib'de-rlv^a-tive), n. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. derivative.] A word following another immediately in grammatidal derivation; a word derived from a derivative, not from the root. Thus, manliness is a sub-derivative, being derived from manly, a derivative from man. Sub di al (sub-dl7al), a. [Lat. subdialis=in the open air.] Of or pertaining to the open air; be- ing under the open sky. Sub-di a lect (sub-di7a-16et), n. A subordinate or inferior dialect; a less important dialect. Sub di cliot o my (sub7dl-eh6t77o-my), n. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. dichotomy.] A subordinate or inferior dichotomy or division into pairs; a subdivision. [Rare.] Sub dul cid (stib-diil7£id), n. Somewhat sweet; moderately sweet. [Rare.] Sub du pie (stib-dci7ple), a. Subduple-ratio. The ratio of 1 to 2, 3 to 6, &c. Sub du pli cate (stib-dupll-cate), a, Sub-du- plicate-ratio. (Alg.) The ratio of the square roots of a ratio. The subduplicate ratio of a to b is the ratio of V~a" to vHb"; or Su ber c ous (su-bdr'e-otis), a. Suberose. Sub fus cous (stib-ftis'eoiis), a. [Lat. si cms.] Moderately dark; darkish, gloomy, brpwn- ish, tawny. [Rare.] Sub gla cial (siib-gla'shal) a. Belonging to the under side of a glacier; under a glacier. Sub in fer (stib7In-fer7/), v. t. or i. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. infer.] To infer or deduce from an in- ference already made.^ [Obs.] "From the force tfien of this relation, it is easily subinferred that," &c.—Bp. Hall: Resol.for Religion. Sub in flam ma tion (sub-in7flam-ma//tion), n. Inflammation of a mild type. Sub ject (V.lb7ject), n. Syn. See Liable. Sub ject ist (sub j6ct-ist), n. One versed in sub- jectiveness; a subjectivist. Sub ject ive (sub-j6et7ive), a. Subjective method. (Philos.) The method of investigation which molds realities on its conceptions, endeav- oring to discern the order of things, not by step- by-step adjustments of the order of ideas to it, but by the anticipatory rush of thought, the direc- tion of which is determined by thoughts and not controlled by objects. (G. H. Lewes: Hist. Philos. (ed. 1880), p. xxxiii.) S-yn.—See Objective. Subject iv ism (sub-ject7iv-i§m), n. (Philos.) The doctrine that human knowledge is, in its constitution, purely subjective, and therefore relative; and that objective truth can never b« predicated of it. "These men were followed by a younger gener* ation of Sophists, who perverted the philosophic- al principle of subjectivism more and more till il ended in mere frivolity."—Ueberweg: Hist, Philos. (Eng. ed.) i. 72. Sub jee (sub-jee7), n. An East-Indian name foi the dried leaves and capsules of Indian hemp, which are used for various purposes. Sub ju gat or (sub/7jci-ga7tor), n. [Lat.] One who subjugates or subdues; a conqueror, a sub- duer. Sub la tive (siib'la-tlve), a. Tending to take away or remove; of depriving power. Sub lease (siib-lease7), n- (Law) A lease of a farm, house, &c., granted by the original tenant or lease-holder; an under-lease. Sub li ma to ry (sub'll-ma-to-ry), n. [Lat. sublimatorium, from sublimatus = sublimate.] A vessel used by chemists in the process of subli* mation. "Viols, croslettes, and sublimatories. Chaucer: C. T., 16,261. Sub li ma to ry (siib7li-ma-to-ry), a. Tending to sublimate; used in the process of sublimation. "These [sulphur, mercury, &c.] will rise to- gether in sublimatory vessels."—Royle: Workst iii. 96. Sublime (sub-lime7), a. Syn.—See Grand. Sub lim i ty (sub-lim7i-ty), n. Syn.—Sublimit ty, Grandeur. Sublimity is applied to that which transcends the ordinary incidents of hu- manity; grandeur is used of things which give an idea of vastness, power, scope, &c. The heavens are sublime; scenery, combining mountain and plain, is grand. (Fallows'1 Synonyms Discrimin- ated. ) Sub li tion (stib-li7tion), n. [Lat. sublitus, pa, par. of sublino — to smear, to lay on as a ground color.] (Paint.) The act or art of laying the ground color under the perfect color. Sub lit tor al (stib-lit7tor-al), a. [Pref. swb-, and Eng. littoral.] Under the shore. Sub mis sion (siib-mish7tin), n. (Law) An agreement by which parties agree to submit a disputed point to arbitration. Sub mu cous (sub-mtt7eotis), a. [Pref. sub-, and EDg. mucous.J (Anat.) Situated under the mucuous membrane of any organ. Used of the areolar tissue when it is beneath a mucous mem- brane. Sub mul ti pie (sfib-rmil'tl-ple), a. Applied to a number or quantity which is contained in an- other an exact number of times; as, a submultiple number. Submultiple-ratio. The ratio which exists between an aliquot part of any number or quantity and Ihe number or quantity itself. Thus, the ratio of 3 to 21 is submultiple, 21 being a mul- tiple of 3. Sub mus cu lar (stib-mtis'eti-lar), a. [Pref. sub., and Eng. muscular. (Anat.) Situated un- der a muscle or muscles. Sub ni trate (sfib-ni7trate), n. (Chem.) A salt of nitric acid in which the metal is in excess of one atom of the negative element. Sub no ta tion (sub7no-ta77tion), n. [Lat. sub* notatio, from subnotatus, pa. par. of subnoto = to mark under.] The same as Rescript. Sub nu vo lar (sfib-nti7vo-lar), a. [Pref. swb-, and Ital. nuvola = a cloud.] Somewhat cloudy; partially obscured by clouds. £>ub o per cu lar (sub7o-pfer//ea-lar), a. Of or pertaining to the suboperculum. Sub o per cu lum (stib7o-per'7eQ-ltim), n. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. operculum. (Ichthy.) One of the pieces iorming the gill-cover, present in most Teleosteous and many Ganoid Fishes. With the interoperculum, it forms the inferior margin of the gill-opening. Sub or bit ar (sub-6r7bit-ar), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. orbitar.] (Anat.) Situate or being be- neath the orbital cavity; infraorbital, as, the sub- orbital artery. Sub or din a tive (siyib-6r/7dln-a'tive), a. Ten- ding to subordinate; causing or implying subor- dination or dependence; employed to introduce a subordinate clause in a sentence; as, a subor- dinative conjunction. Sub pel lu cid (sub'pSl-WsId), a. [Pref. sub-y and Eng. pellucid.] Nearly or almost pellucid; somewhat pellucid. Sub pen tan gu lar (stib7p6n-tan/7gti-lar), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. pentangular.] Nearly or almost pentangular; not quite pentangular, Sub per i to lie al (siib-p6r7i-to-n©7/al), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. peritoneal.] (Anat. & Pathol.) Situate or occurring beneath the peri- toneum: as, the subperitoneal tissue, a subperito- neal hematocele. ' Notation: a, 6,1, 0, tl, y, long; a, e, I, 6, ti, f, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; th&re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; ffirl, rgde, pQgk; e, i, o, silent; $ as s; $h as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 3 as z, 4 as gz; © as in linger, link; th as in thine. Jp^On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SUBPCENA 736 SUCCUSSION Sub poe na (stib-pe/na), n. & m. The same as Subpena. Sub |>o lar (siib-po'lar), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. polar.] Under or below the poles of the earth; adjacent to the poles. Subpo lyg oil al (siib po-lyg^on-al), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. polygonal.] Nearly or imperfect- ly polygonal; somewhat polygonal. Sub pre hen sile(siib pre-hen sile), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. prehensile.] Imperfectly or par- tially prehensile; having the power of prehen- sion in an inferior decree. Sub l'ig* id (sub-rig id), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. rigid. ] Some what or mo erately rigid or stiff. Sub rig u ous (sub-rigu-ous), a. [Lat. sub- riquus, from sub- = under, and riguus = wat- ered, from rigo = to water.] Watered or wet be- neath; well-watered. [06s.j Subscribe (stib-seribe), v.i. To give in one's name as a subscriber of a newspaper, book, peri- odical, or the like. " The delicious divine for whose sermons the whole fashionable world was subscribing."— Thackeray: English Humorists, lect. vi. Sub se cute (sub'se-edte), v. t. [Lat. subsecutus, pa. par. of subsequor: sub = under, and sequor = to follow.] To follow so as to overtake; to follow closely, to pursue. [06s.) Hall: Chronicle, Rich- ard III. (an. 3). Sub sel li um (stib-sei'll-fim) [pi. sub sel li a (sub-sSl'li-a)], n. [Lat. = a bench: sub = under, and sella — a seat.] (Eccl.) A footstool or any rest for the feet. From the earliest time persons of rank or authority are represented, when seated, as resting their feet upon a subsellium. * In Christian monuments this mark of honor is ^ assigned to God the Father, when receiving the sacrifice of Abel; to Christ when seated and teach- ing his disciples; and to the Virgin when the Magi are presenting their offerings. Episcopal chairs always had the subsellium, and the inferior clergy and the laity generally avoided the use of it as a matter of humility, and reserved the honor for bishops. (Smith: Christ. Antiq.) Sub se rous (siib-se rotis), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. serous. ] Situated under a serous membrane; relating to parts so situated. (Dunglison.) Sub serve (stib-s&rve'), v. i. To be subservient or subordinate; to serve as a subordinate. "Not made to rule, But to subserve." Milton: Samson Agonistes, 56. Sub sesqui (sttb-sSs quI.) (Chem). A chemical prefix indicating that constituent elements are combined in the proportion of two to three. Sub side (stib-side'), v.i. Syn.—Subside, Abate. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from a previous state; but abate refers to degrees of force or intensity; subside to degrees of quantity, agitation, or commotion. To abate is to diminish in force. To subside is to settle down either materially or analogously. The wind abates. The sea subsides. The popular rage abates. The popular tumult subsides. There are cases in which both words would be equally ap- plicable, according to the point of view from which we regarded the subject. Anger might be said to abate or to subside: the former in regard to its violence, the latter in regard to the agita- tion and disturbance of mind which accompany it. Sub sid i ari iy (stib-sid'i-a-rl-iy), adv. In a subsiding manner or degree. Sub si dy (sWsi-d^), n. Syn.—Subsidy, Trib- ute. A subsidy is that which is paid to carry out any purpose, or to an ally for services rendered. A tribute is an enforced and arbitrary payment. A subsidy is voluntary; a tribute is exacted from a conquered people. Fallows' Synonyms Discrim- inated. Sub soil (siib'soil), n. Subsoil-plow. A form of plow having a share and standard, but no mold- board. It follows in the furrow made by an or- dinary plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depht without bringing it to the surface. Subsoil (stib^soil), n. (Agric.) To employ a subsoil-plow on; to cultivate with a subsoil-plow. Sub so lar, sub so lar y (sub-so lar, stib'so' lar-y), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. solar, solary.] Situated or being under the sun; terrestrial. [06s.] "Thereby the causes and effects of all Things done upon this subsolary ball." Brome: Paraphr. upon Eccles. i. Sub Stance (sftb'stance), n. (Theol,) Essence, nature, being. Used specially of the Three Persons in the Godhead, who are said to be the same in substance, i. e., to possess one common essence. Principle of substance. (Philos.) The law of the human mind by which every quality or mode of being is referred to a substance. Sub stance (sAb'stan^e), v. t. To provide or endow with substance or property; to enrich. [06s.] "Substanced with such a precious deal of well- got treasure." Chapman: Homer: Odyssey iv. Sub stance less (sub'stange-lSss), a„ Without substance; unsubstantial, empty, [flare.] "Thus substanceless thy state," Coleridge: Human Life. Sub Stan ti a tion (stib-stan'ti-a^tion) (ti as shi), n. The act of substantiating; proof, evi- dence. Substantival (sfib'stan-tl^val), a. Relating to or of the character of a substantive: as, the substantival use of a word. Sub sti tu tion (sub'stl-tQ^tion), n. 1. (Alg.) The operation of putting one quantity in place of another, to which it is equal, but differently ex- pressed. &. (Chem.) A terra denoting the replacing of one element or group of elements for another. It is the great agent, and covers nearly the whole field of chemical change, and is always attended with some alteration of properties in the com- pound, the alteration increasing with the amount of the substitution, (a) When chlorine replaces hydrogen in marsh gas, forming hydrochloric acid and methylic chloride. (6) When an alcohol radical replaces chlorine, as in thrichloride of phosphorus, (c) A basylous or chlorous radical is replaced one for the other, as when nitrate of silver is decomposed by chloride of sodium, (d) When hydrogon is replaced by an alcohol radical, as in the case of acting on ammonia with iodide of ethyl. 3. (Civil Law) A conditional appointment of an heir. 4. (Scots Law) The enumeration or designa- tion of the heirs in a settlement of property. 5. (Theol.) The doctrine that in the Crucifixion of Christ was divinely substituted for, or took the place of, the elect [Calvinism], or of all man- kind [Arminianism], obeying the law in their stead, suffering the penalty, expiating their sins, and procuring for them salvation. Used also of the principle involved in the bloody sacrifices of the Jewish economy (in which the animals were types of Christ), and in a still wider sense of the offering of the lower animals in the place of men, and of unbloody in the place of bloody sacrifices in ethnic religions. 6. (Mil.) A substitute. Sub sti tu tion al *y (sAb'stl-tu^tion-al-l^), adv. In a substitutional manner; by means of substitution. Sub sti tu tion ar y (siib/stI-tti//tion-ar-t), a. Pertaining to or making substitution; substitu- tional. Sub sti tu ti ve (sWsti-til'tlve), a. Making substitution; tending to afford or provide substi- tution; that may be substituted. "These substitutive particles, which were to supply the room of some sentence or complex part of it, are styled interjections."—Wilkins: Real Character, pt. iii, ch. ii. Sub sul phide (siib-siirphjde), n. (Chem.) A compound formed by the union of one equivalent of sulphur with more than one equivalent of a metal. Sub sump tion (sftb-^dmp'tion), n. [Lat. sub = under, and sumptio = a taking.] The act of subsuming; the act of including under something more general, as a particular under a universal, a species under a genus, &c. Sub sump tive (siib-siimp'tive), a. Of or re- lating to a subsumption; of the nature of a sub- sumption. Sub tar ta re an (sfib'tar-ta^re-an), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. Tartarean.] Situated, being, or living under Tartarus; infernal. "From the infernal bowers Invokes the sable subtartarean powers." Pope: Homer; Iliad xiv. 314. Sub teg u la ne ous (sab-teg'u-ia^ne-otis), a. [Lat. subtegulaneus, from sub = under, and tegulce = tiles, roof.] Under the eaves or roof; within doors. [Rare.] Sub ten ant (stib-tSn'ant), n. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. tenant.'] An under-tenant; a tenant under a tenant; one who rents a house, land, &c., from a tenant. Sub tile (sWtile), a. Syn.—Subtile, Acute. The original meaning of subtile is, spun out to extreme fineness, as a thread; acute means having a sharp point like that of a needle. A subtile mind is able to pursue a line of thought, however complicated, to the very end; an acute person has the power to discern and discriminate with great accuracy. (Fallows' Synonyms Discrkninated.) Sub ton ic (siib-tdn'Ie), n. [Pref. sw6-, and Eng. tonic.] (Pron.) An elementary sound or ele- ment of speech having a partial vocality; a vocal or sonant consonant. (Goodrich.) Sub trac tion (siib-tr&e'tion), n. (Law) A withdrawing or neglecting, as when a person who owes any suit, duty, custom, or service to another, withdraws it, or neglects to perform it. "The suit for restitution of conjugal rights is brought whenever the husband or wife is guilty of the injury of subtraction, or lives separ- ate from the other without sufficient reason."— Blackstone: Comment, bk. iii., ch. 8. Sub trac tive (sub-trac tive), a. (Math.) Hav- ing the minus sign (—) placed before it. Sub treas u ry (sub-trea§'u-ry), n. A subordi- nate treasury or place of deposit for revenues col- lected at different places remote from the capital of a state or general government. Sub tri he dral (sub tri-he'/dral), a. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. trihedral.] Shaped somewhat like a three-sided pyramid. Sub trude (sub-trode'), v. t. [Lat. stt6=under, and trudo—to thrust.] To insert or place under. [Rare.] Sub um bo nal (stib'tim-bo^nal), a. [Lat. sub —under, and umbo, genit. n?n6oms=the boss of a shield.] (Zo6l.) Situated beneath the umbo in bi-valves. Sub ur ban (stib-tir'ban), n. One who lives in the suburbs of a city. Sub urbed (sub Grbed), a. Having a suLurb, or something resembling a suburb. "Bottreaux Castle, seated on a bad harbor of the north sea, and suburbed with a poor market town."—Carew: Survey of Cornwall, fol. 120. Sub vene (stib-vene'), v. i. [Lat. subvenio=to come to, to come to one's aid; sw6=under: and venio=to come.] To come under anything as a support or stay; to arrive or happen so as to pre- Vv nt anything. "A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole edifice from falling into ruin."—War- burton: Bollingbroke^s Philosophy, let. 4. Sub ven tion (stib-ven'tion), n. A government grant or aid; pecuniary aid granted; as an im- perial subvention in aid of local taxation. Sub ver sion ar y (stib-v£r sion-ar-y), a. Sub- versive, destructive. Sub way (sflb'way), n. [Pref. sub-, and Eng. way.] An underground way or passage; an access- ible passage or tunnel beneath the street surface, in which the gas and water pipes and sewers are lodged, so that they can be examined, repaired, replaced, &c., without disturbing the pavement or obstructing traffic. Sue cades (stie/eade§), n. pi. [Lat. succus— jijice.] A commercial name sometimes given to green fruits and citron candied and preserved in syrup; sweetmeats. Sue ceed (siie-seed'), v. t. Syn.—See Follow. Sue ceed ant (stie-ceed'ant), a. (Her.) Suc- ceeding or following one another. Sue cen tu ri ate (stic^n-tu^ri-ate), v. t. or i. [Lat. succenturiatus, pa. par. of succenturio=to receive as a recruit into a centuria or century.] To receive recruits, or as recruits; to sup- ply soldiers for the missing; to recruit. [06s.] Sue cess tful (siie-gess'ful), a. Syn.—See For- tunate. Sue ces sion (stik-sSsh'ftn), n. One who ad- heres to succession, especially to apostolic suc- cession. Sue ci sion (stik-sizh'ttn), n. [Lat. succisio, from succisus, pa. par. of succido=to cut down; sub=under, and ccedo=to cut.] The act of out- ting off or down. [06s.] "Upon waste brought and assigned in the suc- sision of trees, the justification is that they were overthrown by wind."—Bacon. Sue cor a ble (suc'eor-a-ble), a. 1. Capable of being succored, aided or relieved; admitting of succor. 2. Affording succor or relief; helpful, aid- ing. Sue cu bus (siic'cil-biis), n. 1. (Med.) Th« nightmare. 2. A demon believed to have the power ol assuming the shape of a woman in order to con- sort sexually with men while asleep. Sue cu la (siie'ea-la), n. [Etym. doubtful.] (Mach.) A plain axis or cylinder, provided with staves or handles for turning it, but having no drum. Sue cu lous (stie'eti-loiis), a. [Lat. succus— juice.] Succulent, juicy. Sue cus sion (siik-kiish'tin), n. (Med.) A method of exploring the state of the chest, with the view of detecting the effusion of liquid with- in any of its cavities. Succussion consists in seizing the patient by the shoulder and communi- cating a smart impulse to the chest, so as to make any liquid which it may contain fluctuate to one Notation: a, 6,1, 0, tl, y, lonr: a, 1, 6, ti, y, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; thftre, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fdr, do, wolf, food, fdot; fdrl, rude, pijsh; e, i, o, silent; 9 as s; gh as sh; e, ch, as k; g as j, g as in get; 3 as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, link; tti as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SUOHWISE 737 SUMMEETEEE Bide. It was practised by Hippocrates, and is still, to a certain extent, in use. Such wise (siich wl§e), adv. In such a manner; so. [Obs.] Suck, er (stiek'er), n. 1. A round piece of leather having a central perforation for the at- tachment of a string; when rendered flexible by wetting, and applied to a smooth object, as a stone, the adhesion between the two surfaces due to atmospheric pressure enables the stone to be lifted. 2. A hard drinker; a soaker. 3. A sponge, a parasite; a hanger on. [Obs.] Suek ing-fish (suek'ing-flsh), n. (Ichthy.) A fish of the genus Remora. Su erose (sQ erose), n. Cane-sugar, as distin- guished from glucose. Sue tion (suction), n. Suction-chamber. The chamber, barrel, or cylinder of a pump, into which the fluid is delivered by the suction-pipe. Suction-pipe. That pipe of a fire-engine or other pump which conducts water from a cistern to the cylinder of a pump. Suction-plate. (Dent.) A dental plate retained in position in the mouth by atmospheric pressure. Sudoriferous (sa'dor-tf'er-ous), a. [Lat. sudor = sweat, and fero = to bear, to produce.] Causing or secreting perspiration. Sudoriferous- glands. (Anat.) Glands which secrete or ex- crete perspiration; sweat glands. They are found in varying numbers, in most parts of the skin. Each gland consists of a long tube coiled into a knot near the closed end, which is situated in the cutaneous cellular tissue and constitutes the gland proper, and a straight, undulate or spiral duct traversing the skin perpendicularly, to terminate upon its surface between the pa- pillae. Krause estimated that nearly 2,800 exist on a square inch of the palm of the hand, and 400 to 600 on an equal space on the back and the lower limbs. Called also Sudoriparous glands. Su dor ip ar ous (siVdor-Ip^ar-ous), a. [Lat. sudor = sweat, and pario = to produce.] Pro- ducing, secreting sweat; sudoriferous. Sudori- parous-glands. See Sudoriferous-glands. Sue (sfle), v. i. (Naut.) To be left hif^h and dry on the shore, as a ship. Sue (sue), v. t. 1. (Falconry) To clean the beak. 2. (Naut.) To leave high and dry on a shore: as, To sue a ship. Su ent (su'ent), a. See Suant. Su ent ly (sa ent-ly), adv. Evenly, smoothly. [Prov. Eng.] Su er (eti'er), n. One who sues; a suitor. [Bare.] Suffer (suffer),!', t. Syn.— See Permit. Suf fer ance (siif'fer-ance), n. On sufferance. By passive allowance, permission or consent; ■without being actively interfered with or pre- vented, and yet without being positively forbid- den. Sufferance-wharf. A wharf on which goods may be landed before any duty is paid, by per- mission of the commissioners of customs. Suf 11 cient (suf-fish'ent), a. Syn. — See Enough. Suf He ing ness (stif-flc'Ing-nSss), n. The quality or condition of being sufficing; suffi- ciency. Suf fix ion, (siif-flk'shun), n. The act of suf- fixing; the state of being suffixed. Suf to eate (stif'fo-cate), v. i. To cause suffo- cation, to choke; as, The heat is suffocating. "The suffocating sense of woe." Byron: Prometheus. Syn.—Suffocate, Choke. Suffocation is pro- duced by every kind of means, external or inter- nal; to choke is to stifle or suffocate by means of large bodies, as a piece of food, lodging in the throat or larynx, Suf fra gaii ship (stiffra-gan-shlp), n. The office or position of a suffragan. "Therewith held the suffraganship under Henry Beauford, Bishop of Lincoln."—Fuller: Worthies; Cumberland. Suf fra gist (sM'fra-gist), n. One who bas the right of suffrage; a voter. [iSare.] Su 11, su Asm (Wfl, stt'fism), n. See Sofi and Sofism. Sug ar (shoog'ar), n. Cane-sugar. Sugar made from the juice of the sugar cane; called also Saccharose, Sucrose, and Canose. Grape-sugar. That obtained from the grape and many other fruits. It is also found in honey and diabetic urine. Sugar of milk. That found in milk wney. Sugar-beet. A variety of the common be«t, Beta vulgaris, cultivated in many places, from which is extracted sugar equal to that of fhe cane. Su- gar-berry. (Bot.) Celtis occidentalis; called also the nettle-tree and the hackberry. Sugar-bush. See Sugar-orchard. Sugar-loaf. A high- crowned conical hat, resembling a sugar-loaf in shape. Sugar-orchard, sugar-bush. A grove or collection of maple trees kept for making sugar. {U. S. 1 Sug ar i ness (shoog'ar-l-nSss), n. The quality or state of being sugary or sweet. Sug ar ing (shobg ar-ing), n. 1. The act of sweetening, mixing, or covering with sugar. 2. Sugar used for sweetening, &c. 3. The act or process of making sugar. Sug ges tion (sug-jSst yun, or sud-jest'yiin), n. Syn.—Suggestion, Hint. A hint is an in- direct communication of instruction, the in- completely expressed form of which has com- monly for its cause a reluctance on the part of the hinter to speak more fully and plainly. Sug- gestion is given visible or entire to persons re- ceiving it, though the communication is common- ly concealed from others. The man who makes a good suggestion claims more gratitude than the hinter, who shuns responsibility, unless it is the best he could do under the circumstances. Both hint and suggest have ordinarily reference to practical assittance and directions, hint refer- ring to the present or the past, and suggestion to the future; as, A hint of danger, a suggestion how to avoid it. But hint rather concerns matters of knowledge; suggest, matters of conduct. Suggestively (sug-gdst'lve-ly, siig- orstid-), adv. In a suggestive manner: by way of sugges- tion. Suggestive ness (stig-ggst'ive-uess, siig- or stid-), n. The quality or state of being suggest- ive. "His mannerisms—constant employment of the dash for suggestiveness, and a habit of itali- cizing to make a point or strengthen an illusion wearisome."—Scribner's Magazine, May, 1880. p. 119. Sug gest ress (sfig-ggsfrSss, stig- or stid), n. A female who suggests. Su i eid ie al (sti/j-ctd//lc-al), a. Suicidal. [05s.] Su ing ly (sa'Ing-ly), adv. Following, in suc- cession, after. Sir T. More: Works, p. 20. Suit a hil i ty (soit'a-bil^l-ty), n. The quality n or state of being suitable; suitableness. Suite (swfit), n. [Fr.] A number of things having a connection together, spoken of as a whole; a collection of things of the same kind: a set, a series; as, a suite of rooms, furni- ture, &c. Suit or (suit'or), n. Syn. — Suitor, Lover, Wooer. The suitor is the more dignified; lover is the more ordinary; wooer is the more warm and eager. The latter is confined to the courting of the tender sex; the former not. We have lovers of money, lovers of pleasure, and suitors at court for the favors of monarchs. Sul lage (sittlage), n. 1. Anything which sul- lies or defiles. 3. Silt and mud deposited by water. 3. (Founding.) The scoria which rises to the surface of the molten metal in the ladle, and which is held back when pouring to prevent por- ous and rough casting. Sul len (stolen), a. Syn.—Sullen, Sulky. Sullen is usually applied to an habitual mood or innate tendency; sulky, to a state of mind that is temporary. Thus we say, a man has a sullen dis- position; a child has a sulky fit. (Fallows' Syn- onyms Discriminated.) See Gloomy. Sul len (siil'len), v. t. To make sullen, morose, gloomy, or obstinate; to sour. [06s.] "This . . . sullens the whole body."—Feltham: Resolves, pt. i., res. 48. Sul le vate (siille-vate), v. t. [Lat., sublevatus, pa. par. of sublevo—to raise up, to support; pref. sub-, and levo=to make light, to lift up; levis= light in weight.] To rouee up, to excite. [Obs.] Sul ph. (sulph), pref. [ Sulpho. ] Sulph ac id (stilph'&c-Id), n. [Chem.) A sulpho- acid. Sul phat ie (sfil-ph&t'Ic), a. Fr. sulfatique. (Chem.) Of, belonging to, containing, or re- sembling a sulphate. Sul pliide (sul'phlde), a. (Chem. & Min.) A neutral salt of sulphydric acid. Sulphide of arsenic =Orpiment and Realgar; Sulphide of anti- mony =Stibnite; Sulphide of bismuth -Bismuthi- nite: Sulphide of cadmium=Greenockite; Sul- phide of copper= Vitreous-copper: Sulphide of iTon=Troilite: Sulphide of lead= Galena: Sul- phide of manganese=Alabandite; Sulphide oi mercury — Cinnabar: Sulphide of molybdenum= Molybdenite; Sulphite of nickel=Millerite; Sul- phite of silver— Argentite and Akanthite: Sul- phide of silver and copper=Stromeygerite\ Sul- phide of zinc=Blende and Wurtzite. Sulpll i on (siilphYdn), n. (Chem.) SO4. A term applied in electro-chemistry to a supposed radical, resulting from the electrolysis of sulph- uric acid, H2SO4, the hydrogen being carried to the negative electrode, and sulphion set free; this, however, being immediately broken up into SO 3+O, the latter passing over to the positive electrode. Sul pho , sulph- (stil'pho-, siilph-), pref. [Sulphur.] Of, belonging to, or containing sulphur. Sulpho - acid. (Chem.) An acid in which the oxygen is replaced by sulphur; thus, from cyanic acid, CONH, sulphocyanic acid,CSNH, is obtained. Sulpho-base. (Chem.) A base in which the oxygen is replaced by sulphur: KgO be- comes K2S. Sulpho-compounds. (Chem.) Com- pounds of organic radicals with sulphuric and sulphurous anhydride, as sulphonic and sulphinic acids. Sul pho ar sen ie (sul'pho-ar-sSn^ie). a. (Chem.) Noting an acid composed of five equivalents of sulphur and one of arsenic. Sul plio ear lton ie (stilpho-ear-bdn^le), a. (Chem.) Applied to an acid containing two equivalents of sulphur and one of carbon. Sul pho ey an o gen (stiVpho-py-an^o-gdn), n. (Chem.) The old name for persulphocyanogen. q. v.) Sul pliur (stil'phur), n. Sulphur-acids (Chem.} The sulphides of the more electro-negative me- tals, arsenic, antimony, &c. Sulphur-bases.(Chem.) The sulphides of the more e ectro-positive met Is, potassium, barium, and copper. Sulphur-rain. Pollen from the Pinaceae, Amentacese, &c., which has been floating in the atmosphere, and i$ brought to the ground by rain. Sulphur-salts, (Chem/. Compounds of sulphur acids and sul- phur bases, e. g., sulpharsenate of potassium, 3K2S'AsSg =2KsAsS4. Sulphur-springs. (Phys, Geog.) Hot springs in which sulphur is mixed with the water. They usually occur in volcanic districts of intermittent activity. The sulphur- springs of Rotomahana, New Zealand, were de- stroyed by an eruption in June, 1886. Sul phur ing (stil'phur-ing, n. (Bleaching.) A process of bleaching by exposure to the fumee of q alphur. It is adopted with straw-braid, straw hafc j, eilks, woolens, &c. Sulphurous acid is the ble/iohing agent, and may be applied by means of ft watery solution. Sul tan ie (sul-t&n'ie), a. Belonging or pertain- ing to a sultan; imperial. Sul tan in (siil'tan-Sn), n. (Arab.) 1. A former Tm ikish money of account, worth 120 aspers; also a ji mall gold coin, worth 10 shillings, or about $2.1:2. Ji 8. The Venetian gold sequin. Sum (stim), n. An arithmetical problem to be solved; an example of an arithmetical rule to be worked out; such a problem worked out, and the various steps shown. In Algebra the term sum dees not necessarily imply increase; for, if we aggregate several quantities, some of which are positive and some negative, it may happen that til© sum is numerically less than any one of the parts; it may even be 0. This sum is therefore distinguished as the algebraic sum. Sum ma rize (stirn'ma-rize), v. t. To make q summary or abstract of; to represent briefly oi concisely; to epitomize. [Rare.] "If we endeavor to summarize the conclusions.'* Phillips: Geology, ii. 526. Sum mer (sum'mer), n. Summer - catarrh. (Pathol.) Hay-asthma (q. v.) Summer-cholera. (Pathol.) British cholera. Summer-complaint. (Pathol.) A popular name in the United States for diarrhoea occurring in the summer. By some authorities the term is used to include dysentery and cholera infantum, whilst others confine it to the latter complaint. Summer-duck. (Ornith.;) Aix (V Dendronessa) sponsa. The drake is about eighteen inches long, and has very beautiful and brilliantly-colored metallic plumage. The Sum- mer-duck is a native of North America, and in the breeding season is distributed over the United States, migrating southward in winter. It is ca- pable of domestication. Called also Wood-duck, from its habit of nesting in holes in trees. Sum- mer-fever. (Pathol.) A name proposed by Dr. Pirrie for hay-fever (q. v.). Sum mer like (sum mer-like), a. Resembling summer; warm like summer. "The day was summerlike."—Field, April 4, 1885. Sum mer li ness (sfm^mer-ll-n&ss), n. [As if from an adj. summerly: suff. -ness.] The state of having a mild or summerlike temperature. Sum mer sault (siin^mer-s&ult), n. The eamo as Somersault. "Some do the summersault, And o'er the bar like tumblers vault." Butler: Hudibras. Sum mer stir (siirn'mer-stlr), v. t. The same as Summer-fallow, v. Sum mer tree (svirn'mer'tree), n. A brest- summer. Notation: a, 6,1, 0, u, y, long: a, 6,1, 6, ti, 5*, short; care, far, list, f§ll, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, r\jde, push; e, i, o, silent; 9 as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; 3 as z; 5 as gz; o as in lioger, liok; th as in thine. gyon this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SUMMONS 738 SUPEROXIDE Sum mons (siim'mons, n. (Mil.) A demand to surrender. Sum mons (silrn'mong), v. t. To serve with a summons, to summon. ( Vulgar.) Sump (stimp), n. (Sw. & Dan. sump: Dut. somp; Ger. sumpf= a marsh, a swamp, a pool.] A pud- dle; a pool of dirty water. [Prov. Eng.J Sump- fuse. A thick kind of fuse used for blasting un- der water. Sump-men. (Mining) Tke men who sink a sump in a mine. Sump-plank. (Mining) Strong balks of timber bolted together, forming a temporary bottom or scaffolding for the shaft. Sump (stimp), n. (Logic.) The major premise of a syllogism; also called a sumption. Sun (stin), n. (Pyrotecliny) A kind of fire-work. A strong paper case is filled with a composition which does not burn so fast as rocket-composi- tion, driven solid. Numbers of these are attached, at short intervals, to wooden frames, usually cir- cular. The suns emit a steady and brilliant stream of light, and are called stationary or re- volving according to the nature of the frame on which they are fixed. Sun-and-Planet Wheels. An ingenious contrivance invented by Watt as a substitute for the crank in converting the recip- rocating motion of the beam into a rotary mo- tion. The central gear is called the sun-gear, and the outer one the planet-gear. The revolution of the planet-wheel rotates the sun-wheel, together with its shaft and the fly-wheel. For this pur- pose the planet-wheel is fast to the pitman and its axis is caused to revolve around the wheel without the rotation of the planet-wheel on its own axis. [Planet-wheel.] Sun-bird. (a) (Anthrop.) An unidentified bir I, mentioned by Kochefort (lies Antilles, bk. iii., ch. vili.) 44 When at midday the sunlight poured down upon the altar through the hole or shaft pierced for this purpose in the rocky vault of the cave, through which the sun-birds, the Tonatzuli, were let fly up sunward as messengers."—Tylor: Prim. Cult. (ed. 1873), ii. 289. (b) (Omith.) A popular name for any of the KectariniidaB, divided by Capt. G. E. Shelley (Monograph of the Sun-birds), into two sub-fam- ilies, Nectariinse and PromeropinsB, the former containing the Sun-birds proper, and the latter the Long-tailed Sun-birds. They are found over the whole of Africa, ranging through Palestine to India, thence through the Indian and Malayan Islands to Northern Australia, where a single species inhabits Cape York peninsula and North- ern Queensland. They are small birds, in nearly every case of brilliant and metallic plumage, with a striking external resemblance to Hum- ming-birds, with which they are not infrequently confounded, but differing from them in the structure of the feet and tongue, the shape of the sternum, and other important characteristics. They feed chiefly on insects, small berries, and fruit, and sip the juices of flowers, and from this habit the name of the typj-genus (Nectarinia) is derived. The majority of Sun-birds build nests of an oval form, suspended from the branch of a tree at a considerable height from the ground, so as to be out of the reach of serpents and lizards. Sun-blink. A flash or glimpse of sun-shine. [,Scotch.] Sun-bonnet. A lady's bonnet having a shade as a protection against the sun. Sun- burner. A large reflecting cluster of burners placed beneath an opening in the ceiling, for lighting and ventilating a public building. Sun- cracks. (Oeog.) Cracks left upon rocks at the time when they were being consolidated. "The sun-cracks . . . divide the surface into areolae of various sizes and shape, and when, as is most common, the superficial layer of mud is darker than the stone, show themselves well In relief by exposing the lower stratum."—Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc. xii. 202. Sun-plane. (Cooper.) A tool like a jack-plane, but of a circular plan, used for levelling down the ends of the staves of a cask or barrel. Sun day (siWday), n. Month of Sundays: A long and indefinite period. 441 haven't heard more fluent or passsionate English this month of Sundays."—C. Kingsley: Alton Locke, ch. xxvii. Sun dries (stin'drieg), n. pi. Various small articles or miscellaneous matters, too minute, trifling, or numerous to be individually specified. Sun dri ly (stin'drl-ly), adv. 1. In sundry ways, variously. Fabyan: Chronycle, ch. cxlvi. >5. Separately, not together. Sir T. Moore: Workes, p. 235. Sun dry (stin'drj^), n. All and sundry: All, col- lectively and individually. Sundry-man. A dealer in sundries or in a variety of different articles. Sunn, Sun (stinn, sun), n. [Beng. & Hind, san.] (Bot.) Hibiscus cannabinus, a plant six to eight feet high, with a prickly stem and yellow flowers with a purple blotch. A native of India, and cultivated there as a substitute for hemp. Sun ni ness (sto'nl-nSss), n. The quality or state of being sunny. Sun nud (sun'nM), n. [Hind. sunnad.] A patent, charter, or written authority. (East Indies.) Sun spot (sun'spflt), n. (Astron.) (PI.) Cer- tain dark spots seen by the aid of a telescope on the surface of the sun's photosphere. In a nor- mal spot there is an exterior shade called the penumbra, an inner darker one called the umbra, and very often one deeper still in the centre called the nucleus. In some there are many umbrae for one penumbra. The domes seen on the surface of the penumbra are drawn into elon- gate shapes, hence the- expression, "the thatch of the penumbra." The spots are believed to be cavities, down which hydrogen is rushing at the rate of thirty or forty miles a second. Large spots commence as little dots, often in groups and grow very rapidly. They are of two kinds, one more violent than the other. The first may be 140,000 miles long, and are produced by the descent of solid particles into the internal heated region of the photosphere. The second are shallow depressions filled with the cooler vapours brought from the upper region of the solar atmosphere. Sometimes spots last for days, months, or weeks; sometimes they disappear on one part of the sun's disk and appear on another. Sun stroke (stin'stroke), n. (Pathol.) A dis- ease produced by exposure to the direct rays of the sun in the tropics or elsewhere at the hot- test part of the year. It often seizes soldiers when overworked and badly fed. It is akin to simple apoplexy, and commences with faintness, thirst, great heat, and dryness of the skin, with prostration; then the action of the heart becomes violent, vomiting may follow, and next coma. Forty or fifty per cent, of those attacked die. Called also Heat Apoplexy, Heat-stroke. Insola- tion, and Coup de Soleil. Sun up (stin'tip), a. [Formed on the model of sundown.'] Sunrise. \JJ. S.] Sun ward (stin'ward), a. or adv. Toward the sun; eastward. 414 Flying sunward oversea to bear Green summer with it througH the singing air." A. C. Swinburne: Trystram of Lyonesse, 1. Su pawn (su-pgn'), n. Sepawn; Indian-meal pudding. Su per (stvper), pref. [Lat., cogn. with Gr. vn-e'p (huper) = above; Sansc. upari; Ger. iiber.~\ A Latin preposition meaning over, above; much used in composition as a prefix, with 1. A pre- positional force=over or above in place or posi- tion: as, a superstructure. 2. An adverbial meaning=over, above, or be- yond in manner, degree, measure, quality, or the like; as, super-excellence. Tf In chemistry super- is used synonymously with per-. Su per bi par tient (sQ-p6r/bi-par//shent), n. [Lat. super = over, above; bis = twice, and par- tiens, pr. par. of partior—to divide.] (Math.) A number which divides another nearly, but not exactly, in two parts, having the one part some- what larger than the other. Su perb ness (sa-p&rb'nSss), n. The quality or state of being superb; magnificence. Su per charge (su'per-charge), n. (Her.) One figure borne upon another. Su perch er y su-pferch'er-^), n. [Fr. super- cherie.] Deceit, cheating, fraud. 44 They bring nothing to the fight but vertue and courage, without any craft, superchery, or braving."—Time's Storehouse, p. 102. Su per cu ri ous (siVper-ca//ri-o^s), a. [Pref. super-, and Eng. curious.'] Excessively or ex- ceedingly curious. Supereth ical (sa'per-Sth^Ic-al), a. [Pref. super-, and Eng. ethical.] Transcending the or- dinary rules of ethics; more than ethical; of grater authority than ethics. 4'Mortal theology contains a superethical doc- trine, as some grave divines have ridiculously called it."—Bolingbroke: Auth. in matters of religion, § 6. Su per fee un da tion (sa/per-f6e/ A4H10. Su pe ri or ess (sa-pe'ri-or-Sss), n. A woman who acts as the head of a convent, abbey, nun- nery, or the like; a female superior; a lady superior. [.Rare.] Su pe ri or ly (sa-pe'ri-or-ljr), adv. 1. In a superior position. 2. In a superior manner. "An ant of his talents superiorly vain." Cunningham: Ant & Caterpillar. Su per ja cent (siVper-ja^ent), a. [Lat. super =above, over, and jacens, pr. par. of jaceo—to lie.] Lying on or above something else. Su per nac u lum (sa'per-nac^-ti-liim), a A kind of mock Latin term intended to mean4'upon the nail," used formerly by topers. (Nares.) Su per nat u ral (siVper- n&t^u-ral), a. Syn.— Supernatural, Preternatural. Supernatural is the stronger $erm, and signifies beyond or above the powers or law of nature; it is fre- quently used as synonymous with miraculous. Preternatural is used of that which is greatly aside from the natural course of things.— (Fallows'1 Synonyms Discriminated.) Su per nat u ral ist ic (su'per-n&t'ct-ral-Ist"- Ic), a. Pertaining or relating to supernaturalism. Su per nat u ral i ty (sfi'p er-nat'tt-r&17'l-tf ), n. The quality or state of being supernatural. Su per ox ide (stt'per-ftx-lde), n. [Pref. super-, and Eng. oxide.J (Chem.) A term applied to mineral chemistry to certain dioxides in which the second atom of oxygen is held in a state of weak combination, as in the case of barium per- oxide, Ba Og. By the action of strong sulphurid acid, barium sulphate is formed and oxygen set free. In organic chemistry, it applies to certain peroxides of organic radicals produced by the action of barium peroxide on the anhydride o€ the radical. Acetic anhydride is by this means converted into peroxide of acetyl. Also called Peroxide. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, ft, ?, long; a, I, 6, ti, f, short; c&re, far, last, fall, what; thfire, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fdr, do, wplf, food, foot; fftrl, ryde, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; 5 as gz; o as in linger, liok; th as in thine. On this page will toe found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SUPERPHOSPHATE 739 SURGEFUL Su per phos pliate (sa'per-phds^phate), n. [Pref. super-* and Eng. phosphate.] (Chem.) A phosphate which contains the greatest amount of phosphoric acid that can combine with the base. Superphosphate of lime. (Chem.) A com- pound of phosphoric acid and lime in which only one-third of its acid equivalents is saturated with lime. Technically, it is used to describe an im- portant kind of manure, made by treating ground bones with from one-third to two-thirds of their equivalent of sulphuric acid, whereby acid phosphate of lime is formed, together with a quantity of sulphate of lime correspondiag to the sulphuric acid used. By substituting coprolites for bones, a manure of nearly identical com- position is obtained. This kind of manure is of the highest value, from its stimulating effects. Su per pol it ic (sti/per-p6l//it-ie), a. [Pref. super-, and Eng. politic. More than politic. Su per sede (sa'per-sede"), v. t. Syn.—Super- sede, Overrule. Supersede (Lat. supersedere, to sit above, to be superior to) is employed both of persons and facts or operations; overrule, only of the will of persons consciously exercised. When the subject of the verb supersede is a person, the object is commonly a person, as when one super- sedes another in an appointment; when a thing, the object also is commonly a thing; as, "What he has done supersedes the necessity of further action on my part." What is superseded is a fact or a person. What is overruled is a power or an operation, or a person in regard to them. To overrule is to bring to pass by interference results not purposed or contemplated by the agent. Hence to supersede has often a negative, while overrule has a positive effect. He who supersedes, causes that a thing shall not be done. He who overrules, causes that it shall be done in his own way. Su per sem in ate (styper-sSm^ln-ate), v. t. [Pref. super-, and Eng. seminate.'] To scatter seed over or above; to disseminate. Su per sen si tive ness (stVper-sSn^sI-tive- n6ss), n. [pref. superand Eng. sensitiveness. Excessive sensitiveness; morbid sensibility. Su per sen sn ©us (sa'per-sSn^shu-tis), a. [Pref. super-, and Eng. sensuous,] 1. Excess- ively sensuous; more than sensuous. 3. Supersensual, supersensible. Su per strue tion (sa'per-strtie^tion), n. The act of erecting or building upon. Su perstruet ure (su'per-strtid/'ftre) n. (Rail, eng). The sleepers, rails, and fastenings of a railway, as distinguished from the road-bed. Su per tem por al (sa'per-tSm^por-al), n. Pref. super-, and Eng. temporal.] That which is independent of, or transcends time. [.Rare.] "Three supertemporals or eternals." Cudworth: Intell. System, p. 625. Su per \o lute (stv'per-vo-late'O, a. [Pref. super-, and Eng. volute. (Bot.) The term used when one edge of anything is rolled inward, and is enveloped by the opposite edge rolled in the re- verse direction, as the leaves of the apricot. Sup per (sttp'per), v. i. To take supper; to sup. [Rare.] "Once at my suppering I plucked in the dusk An apple." Hood: Lycus the Centaur. Sap place (sup-plage7), v. t. To displace; to supplant. [Very Rare.] Sup pie (sup ple), a. Supple-cliapped. Having a supple jaw; having an oily tongue. Supple-jack. (Bot.) Various Paullinias, specially Paullinia polyphylla, a native of Jamaica. The stalk is slender, woody, tough, and flexile, and ascends to a considerable height. When mature, the wood is cut down, barked, and then converted into walking-sticks. "Here's supple-jack plenty, and store of rattan." Cowper: Sweet Meat has Saur Sauce. Sup pie ment (stip'ple-mSnt), n. Syn.—Sup- plement, Appendix. A supplement is an addition to anything by which its defects are supplied, and it is made more full and complete; an appendix is also an addition to something but is not essen- tial to its completeness.—Fallows'' Synonyms Dis- criminated. Sup pie ment al, sup pie ment a ry (stip'ple-mgnt^al, sup/ple-m6nt//a-ry), a. Supple- mental-chords. (Trigon.) The chords of supple- mental arcs. Supplemental-triangle. A spherical triangle, formed by joining the poles of three great circles. Supplementary-chords. In an ellipse or hyperbola, any two chords drawn through the extremities of a diameter, and intersecting on the curve. . Sup pli ant ness (stip'plI-ant-nSss), n. The quality or state of being suppliant. Sup pli can cy (siip'pli-ean-^), n. The act of supplicating; supplication, suppliance. [JSare.] Sup pli cat or (stip^pll-eat'or), n, [Lat.] One who supplicates; a supplicant. "Well fare that bold supplicator to Queen Eliza- beth."—Bishop Hall: Episcopacy of Divine Right. Sup port (stip-pOrtO, v. t. To support arms. (Mil.) To carry the rifle vertically at the left shoulder, supported by having the hammer-rest on the left forearm, which is passed across the breast. To support a rule. (Law) To argue in answer to the arguments of the party who has shown cause against a rule nisi. Sup port (siip-pOrf), n. (Law) The right of a person to have his buildings or other landed property supported by his neighbor's house or land. Points of support: [See Point.] Sup port er (sup-port7er), n. 1. (Naut.) (a) A knee-piece of timber bolted firmly beneath the cathead, to reinforce it when sustaining the weight of the anchor, (b) A piece bolted to the hounds of a mast for supporting the trestle-tree. (Surg.) A broad, elastic, or padded band or truss for the support of any part or organ; as, an abdominal supporter. Sup pose (stip-pOseO, v.i. To make or form sup- positions; to imagine, to think. "These are not drunken, as ye suppose."—Acts ii. 15. Sup press i ble (stip-prtWI-ble), a. Capable of being suppressed; possible to be suppressed. Sup pres Sion (stip-presh'tin), n. Suppression of parts of a flower. (Bot.) A term used when parts which normally belong to a flower are want- ing. Suppression of the menses. (Path.) A kind of amenorrhcea in which the flux having been properly established becomes prematurely arrested. Suppression of Urine. (Pathol.) Re- tention of the urine. It may arise from mechan- ical obstruction caused by a calculus or a tumor, from blood poisoning, in cholera, scarlatina, and the more malignant fevers, or from hysteria. Su pra cos tal (so'pra-eds^tal), a. (Anat.) Lying or situated above or upon the ribs: as, the supra-costal muscles. Su pra e soph a gal (sft'pra-e-stfph^a-gal), a. (Anat.) Situated above the gullet. Su pra lap sa ri an ism (siVpra-l&p-sa^rl- an-I§m), n. The doctrine or the tenets of the Supralapsarians. Su pra lu nar (sA'pra-lu^nar), a. [Pref. supra-, and Eng. lunar.) Beyond the moon; hence, of very great height, very lofty. Su pra orb it ar (su'pra-Orb^It-ar), a. Supra- orbital. Su pra pro test (sft^pra-pro'test), n. [Pref. supra-, and Eng. protest. J (Law) An acceptance of a bill by a third person, after protest for non- acceptance by the drawer. [Burrill.] Su pra scap u lar (s^pra-scap^U-lar), a. (^Inaf.) Situated or being above the scapula: as, the suprascapular ligament. Su pra spin al, su pra spin ous (supra- spinal, sQ'pra-spln^ous), a. [Pref. supra-, and Eng.* spina?, spinous.] (Anat.) (a) Above the spine, (b) Above the spine or ridge of the scap- ula, or shoulder-blade: as, the supraspinous fossa and ligaments. Su preme (su-prfimeO, a. (Bot.) Growing at the highest point or part. Sur charge (sur-charge'), v. t. In equity, to show an omission in, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. Sur charge (sur-ch&rge'), n. (Law) (a) An extra charge made by assessors upon such as neg- lect to make a due return of the taxes to which they are liable, (b) A charge made by an auditor upon public officials, as guardians of the poor, for amounts improperly paid by them, (c)- The show- ing of an omission fn an account for which credit ought to have been given. Sur coat (sftr'eOat^n. [Pref. sur and Eng. coat.] 1. An outer garment worn from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries by both sexes. It was made in a great variety of forms, short and long. 2. Any garment worn over defensive armor; more especially applied to the long and flowing drapery of knights, anterior to the introduction of plate armor, and frequently emblazoned with the family arms. 3. A short robe worn over the long robe or tunic, terminating a little below the knee,forming part of the costume of ladies at the close of the eleventh century. Sur cu lose (sftr'etl-lose), a. [Lat. surculosus, from surculus^a twig, a shoot.] (Bot.) Full of shoots or twigs. Surd, (sftrd), a. (Phonetics) Uttered with breath and not with voice; not sonant, toneless; applied, specifically, to the hard, mute consonants of the alphabet. Surd (sftrd), n. (Phonetics) A consonantal sound uttered with breath and not with voice; a non» sonant consonant, as p, /, s, t, k. Surd al (stird'al), a. The same as Sued. Sure (shur), a. Sure as a gun. Most cer- tainly, most assuredly; unfailingly; absolutely certain. [Colloq.] Syn.—Sure, Certain. Cer- tain stands connected with fact and knowledge; sure with operation and action. The fact is cer- tain. Tha operation is sure. Necessary sequence in action, or cause and effect, is expressed by sure; as, a sure remedy; a sure road to success. In proportion as we speak of the truth of Nature we use the term sure. In proportion as we speak of the conviction of our minds we use the term certain. Men are sure of what they have seen and certain of what they have heard. I am sure of a fact; certain of a theory. Sure that the sun is n the sky to-day; certain that it will rise to- morrow. Sure ment (shure'ment), n. Security for pay- ment. [Obs.] Chaucer: C. T., 11,837. Sures by (shttres'by), n. [Modelled on the Shakesperian word rudesby. One to be sure of; a person to be relied upon. [O&s.] "There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve, if anything will serve."—Bradford in Goodrich & Porter. Sure ty (shared), v.t. To be surety or security for; to guarantee. [Obs.] "We'll surety him." Shakesp.: Coriolanus, iii., 1. Sure ty Ship (shtire'ty-ship), n. The state or position of being surety: the obligation of a person to answer for a debt, fault or nonper- formance of another, and to make good any loss occasioned thereby. "If here not cleared no suretyship can bail Condemned debtors from th' eternal jail." Denham: Of Prudence, 157. Surf (sftrf), n. Surf-boat. A peculiarly con- structed boat for landing or pushing off th ough the surf. Surf-boatman. One who manages a surf-boat. "It is an erroneous notion that the experience of a sailor qualifies him for a surf-boatman."— Scribner's Magazine, Jan., 1880, p. 323. Surf-duck. See Surf-scoter. Surf-scoter. (Or- nith.) CEdemiaperspicillata. A North American duck. Length about twenty-one inches; plumage black, with an oval patch of white on the top of the head and on the top of the neck; beak, legs and toes orange-yellow. Called also surf-duck. Sur face (sftr'fage), n. 1. Outward or external appearance; that which appears or is presented on a slight or superficial view, without examina- tion: as, On the surface of it the proposition ap- pears fair. ii. (Fort) The part of the side which is term- inated by the flank prolonged, and the angles of the nearest bastion. Curved surface. A surface which may be cut by a plane through any given point, so that the line of common section of the plane and surface may be a curve, as the surface of a sphere, cylinder, or cone. Developable sur- face. A surface that can be unwrapped in a plane without any doubling of parts over one another, or separation, as the surface of the cylinder and cone. Ruled surface. A surface described by the motion of a straight line, which neither re- mains parallel to a given line, nor always passes through a given point, as a conoidal surface. Tubular surface. A surface generated by a circle of a given radius, which moves with its centre on a given curve, and its plane at right angles to the tanget of that curve. Undevelopable surface. A surface that cannot be developed in the plane. Surface-condenser. (Steam-eng.) (a) A cham- ber or congeries of pipes in which steam from the cylinder is condensed. (6) A steam-heated apparatus, consisting of pipes or chambers over which a solution is conducted in order that its watery parties may be driven off. Sur face (sftr'fage), v. t. 1. To put a surface •on; to give a surface to; espec., to give a fine surface to: to make smooth or polished. 2. To work the surface of, as ground, in searching for gold, &c. 3. To bring to or place on the surface; to raise to the surface. [Bare.] "To surface the tin-stuff now accumulated."— Money Market Review, Aug. 29, 1885. Sur foot (sftr'foot), a. Having sore feet from traveling. [Obs.] Surfy (sftrfy), a. Consisting in or abounding with surf; resembling surf; foaming. Surge ful (sftr£e'ful), a. Full of or abounding with surges; rough. "Like Thetis' goodly self majestically guides; Upon her spacious bed tossing the surgeful tides." ' Drayton: Poly Olbion, 8. 14. Notation: a, ©, 1, 0, tt, y, long; ft, 6,1, 6, ii, f, short; cftre, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, term; pique, firm; d6ne, fOr, do, wolf, food, foot; ftlrl, r\ide, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; gh as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; til as in thine. this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SURGEON 740 SWAMP Nnr geon (stlr'jun), n. Surgeon-apothecary. One who is both surgeon and apothecary. Surgeon-dentist. A dental-surgeon; a qualified dentist. Sur ger y (stlr'ger-^), n. A place where surgical operations are performed, or where medicines are prepared. Sur in tend ant (sftr'in-tend 'ant), n. A super- intendent. [Very .Rare.] Sur mark (sftr'mark), n. [Pref. swr-, and mark.] (Shipbuilding) (a) A mark drawn on the timbers at the intersection of the molding- edge with the ribband-line; the stations of the ribbands and harpings being marked on the tim- bers. (b) A cleat temporarily placed on the out- side of a rib, to give a hold to the ribband by which, through the shores, it is supported on the slipway. Hur nom in al (sur-nfan'In-al), a. [Pref, swr-, and Eng. nominal.] Pertaining or relating to surnames. Nur prise (sur-prlge'), n. Something which occurs or is presented to view, or given unex- pectedly, so as to incite a feeling of surprise; an unexpected event: as, It was a pleasant surprise to him. SurpHse-cadence. (Mus.) Interrupted or suspended cadence. Surprise-party. A party of persons who assemble by agreement, and without invitation, at the house of a common friend, each bringing some article of food as a contribution towards a supper, of which all par- take. \_U. S.] Bartlett. \ "Now and then, when the moon is full, there is ) a surprise-party at the station. From the main- land or the neighboring settlements come men and women . . .bringing cakes and pastries, and other good things from their homes."—Seribner's Magazine, Jan., 1880., p. 333. Syn.—Surprise, Astonishment. Both these terms express feelings which ariso from that which happens unexpectedly. They differ in mode and in degree. We are surprised if that happens which we did not anticipate, or that does not happen which we did. Surprise thus contra- dicts calculation or expectation. A greater de- gree of unaccountableness in the cause, or of im- portance in the effect, raises the surprise into as- tonishment. We are surprised at what was unex- pected. We are astonished at what is above our comprehension. We are taken by surprise. We are struck with astonishment. We are not sur- prised by what we expected, nor astonished by what we are familiar with. 8ur pris er (sur-prig'er), n. One who surprises; specif., ore of a body of men who attempt to take a place by surprise. "The surprisers were to be ready."—Claren- don: Civil WarS) iii. 187. Sur qued ©us (sflr'qued-otis), a. Proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent. [06s.] "It showeth well that thou art not wise, But suppressed with a manere of rage, To take on thee this surquedous message." Lydgate: Story of Thebes, ii. Sur re nal (sur-re'nal), a. (Anat.) Situated above the kidney. Sur ren der (sur-r6n'der), n. 1. (Insurance) The abandonment of an assurance policy by the party assured on receiving back a portion of the premiums paid. The amount payable on the sur- render of a policy is called the surrender value, and depends upon the number of years during which the premiums have been paid. J®. (Law) (a) The yielding up of an estate for life, or for years to him that has the immedi- ate estate in reversion or remainder. It may be either in fact or in law. A surrender in fact must be made by deed, which is the allowable evidence. A surrender in law is one which may be implied, and generally has reference to estates or tenancies from year to year, &c. "A surrender, sursumredditio, or rendering up, is of a nature directly opposite to release; for as that operates by the greater estates descending upon the less, a surrender is the falling of a less estate into a greater. There may also be sur- render in law by the acceptance by the tenant of a new estate inconsistent with his prior estate. Thus a new lease made to a person in possession under an old lease, and accepted by him, oper- ates as a surrender in law of the old one; for from such acceptance the law implies his inten- tion to yield up the estate which he had before, though he may not by express words of surrender have declared as much."—Blackstone: Comment, bk. ii., ch. 17. (b) The appearance of a bankrupt in court for public examination. "The next proceeding, in case an adjudication is made, is the surrender of the bankrupt, and his examination; the appointment of creditors, as- signees, and the proof of debts against the es- tate."—Blackstone: Comment, bk. ii., ch. 27. (c) The giving up of a principal into lawlul cus- tody by his bail, (d) The delivery up of fugitives from justice by a foreign state; extradition. Sur- render of copyholds. (Law) The yielding up of the estate by the tenant into the hands of the lord, for such purpose as in the surrender are ex- pressed. Sur ro gate ship (sur'ro-gate-ship), n. The office of a surrogate. Sur round (sur-roundO, v. t. 1. To pass over, to travel over, to circumnavigate. [Obs.] "Captain Cavendish surrounded the world."— Fuller: Church Hist., XT., xi. (Dedic.) To encompass, to environ; to inclose on every side; specif., to inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile forces, so asi to cut off means of communication or retreat; to invest, as a city. Sur round (sur-roundO, n. A method of hunt- ing some animals, as buffaloes, by surrounding them and driving them over a precipice, or into a deep ravine, or other place from which they have no chance of escape; a place where animals are so hunted. "She unfortunately killed a man on the sur- round some two miles from the stockade."— Field. Feb. 26, 1887. Sur ve nue (stir've-nfie), n. The act of step- ping or coming in suddenly or unexpectedly; the act of supervening. [O&s.] Sur vey ing (sur-va'Ing), n, Land surveying is the art of applying the principles of ge- ometry and trigonometry to the measurement of land. The principal operations are laying down or priving base lines, and triangles on either side of the base. In large surveys it is de- sirable to lay down these triangles by measuring each angle with an instrument called the theodolite by which the accuracy of the measurement of the sides may be checked. Geodesic surveying com- prises all the operations of surveying carried on under the supposition that the earth is spheroidal. It embraces marine surveying (q. v.). Marine or hydrographical surveying ascertains the forms of coast-lines, harbors, &c., and of objects on the shore, the entrances to the harbors, channels, their depth, width, &c., the position of shoals, the depth of water thereon; and it embraces all the operations necessary to a complete determin- ation of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water. Military Surveying. [Re- connaissance.] Mining surveying may be either for the purpose of determining the situation and position of the shafts, galleries, and other under- ground excavations af a mine already in exist- ence; or it may be for determining the proper po- sitions for the shafts, galleries, &c., of a mine not yet opened. Plane surveying. [Plane-survey- ing.] Railway surveying is a comprehensive term, embracing surveys intended to ascertain the best line of communication between two given points; it also includes all surveys for the construction of aquaducts for the supply of water to towns, &c. Topographical surveying embraces all the operations incident to finding the con- tour of a portion of the earth's surface, and the various methods of representing it upon a plane surface. When only a general topographical map of a country is wanted, it is, in general, suf- ficient to survey the country with reference to its fields, roads, rivers, &c. Levels are run along the principal lines, as fences, roads, &c., and the highest of the most prominent points of the country are determined with respect to some plane of reference. Then the general outlines of the topography are sketched in by the eye; after the general outline is finished the principal ob- jects worthy of note are represented by a sys- tem of conventional signs. Sur viv or ship (sur-vlv'or-shlp), n. Chance of survivorship. The chance that a person of one age has of surviving another of a different age. Thus, according to the Carlisle Tables of Mortality, the chances of survivorship for two persons aged twenty-five and sixty-five respec- ively are eighty-nine and eleven, in other words the chances are eight to one that the younger will survive the older. * Sus cep tive ness (stis-cSp'ttve-nSBs), n. The quality or state of being susceptive; suscep- tibility. Sus pec tion (siis-p&e'tion), n. [Lat. suspectio.'] Suspicion. [Obs.] "Now it is time shortly that I Tell you something of Jelousy, That was in great suspection." Romaunt of the Rose. Sus pec tious ness (siis-p&e'tious-nSss), n. Suspicion, supiciousness. —Berners: Froissart; Cronycle, vol. ii., ch. clxvii. Sus pend (stis-pSnd'), v. t. To suspend payment. To declare one's self unable to meet one's en- gagements; to stop payments. " The old established banking-firm ot-has suspended payment."—London Daily Telegraphy Jan. 16, 1886. Sus pend (stis-pSnd7), v. i. To cease from opera- tion; to desist from active employment; specifi- cally, to stop payments, or to be unable to meet one's engagements. Sus pen sion (sus-pSn'sion), n. The ceasing to make payment; as, the suspension of a bank. Sus pen sive (sus-pen'sive), a. Suspensive con- ditions. (Scots Law) Conditions precedent or conditions without the purification of which the contract cannot be completed. Sus pen SO ry (stis-pen'so-rjr), a. Suspensory bandage. (Surg.) A bag attached to a strap or belt, and used to support the scrotum, that th© weight of the testes may not draw upon the sper? matic oord. Sus pi cion (stis-pish'tin), n. A very slight amount or degree. (Used like the French soup- gon from which this meaning is probably taken, of material and immaterial things.") "With just a suspicion of Irish brogue that only serves to increase the interest of her piquancy and fun."—London Daily Telegraphy Sept. 25, 1886. Sus pi cion (stis-pish'tin), v. t. To regard with suspicion; to suspect, to mistrust, to doubt. [05s.] Sus pire (sus-pire7), n. A long, deep breath; a sigh. [Obs.] (Locrine,v. 5.) Sus ter (siis'ter), n. A sister. [06s.] Sut ler ship (stit'ler-ship), n. The business or occupation of a sutler. Sut ur al ly (sut'ur-al-ly), adv. In a sutural manner; by means of a suture. Sut ure (satire), n. (Entom.) The line formed by the meeting of the elytra of a beetle when they are confluent. Su zer ain (sfi/zer-ain), n. [Fr. from sus=Lat. susum, swrsum=above, on analogy of sovereign.'] A feudal lord; a lord paramount. "The sultan should remain Sovereign in East- ern Roumania and suzerain in Bulgaria."—Stand- ard, Oct. 13, 1885. Swab (sw6b), n. 1. An epaulet, being humor- ously compared to a swab or mop. [Colloq.] 3. A cod or pod, as of beans, pease, or the like. [Obs.] Swag (sw^g), n. An unequal, hobbling motion. Swag-belly. (a) A prominent or projecting belly; a swag-bellied person, (b) A large tumor formed in the abdomen, and neither fluctuating nor sonorous. (Dunglison.) Swage block, (swage'bldek), n. A large per- forated block of iron, having grooved sides, and adapted for heading bolts and swaging objects of larger size than can be worked in the ordinary heading tools and swages fitted to the anvil. Swag gcr (sw&g'ger), n. A piece of bluster; noisy boasting or bragging; an insolent strut. "The butcher is stout, and he values no swagger." Swift: Will Wood's Petition. Swain ling (swain'ling), n. A little or young swain. [Rare.] •'Honest swainling with his sweeting." Wittes Recreation. (1654.) Swain ship (swain'ship), n. The character or condition of a swain. Swale (swale), n. A gutter in a candle. [Prov. Eng.] Swal low tail (swal'low-tail), n. 1. (Fort.) An advanced work whose salient portion has a re-entering angle and converging flanks; a priest's cap. }J. (Ornith.) The Humming-bird genus Eu- peptomena, with two species, Eupeptomena macru- ra and E. hirundo, from eastern Peru. They have brilliant plumage, strong wings, and deeply- forked tail. Swal low tailed (swaVlow-tailed), a. Having a tail like that of a swallow; having tapering or pointed skirts: as, a swallow-tailed coat. Swal- low-tailed butterfly. (Entom.) Papilio machaon; a large butterfly, three and a half to four inches in expansion of wings. The fore wings are of a deep straw color, with black veins, spots, and bands; the hind wings are of similar colors, but have a round, brick red spot at the anal angle, and black prolongation, from which the name Swallow-tail is derived. Swallow-tailed kite or hawk. (Ornith.) Elanoides (formerly Nauclerus) furcatus. A species of hawk with a long, forked tail. Swamp (swdmp), n. Swamp-cabbage. The same as Skunk-Cabbage. Swamp-honeysuckle. (Bot.) The swamp-pink. Swamp-post. (Bot.) Quercus lyrata. a North American tree about . fifty feet high. Swamp-sassafras. (Bot.) Notation: a, 6,1, 0, o, y, long; a, e, I, 6, ti, f, short; cfire, far, last, fall, what; there, veil, tferm; pique, firm; done, f6r, do, wolf, food, foot; fftrl, r\ide, push; e, i, o, silent; q as s; fh as sh; c, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; § as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; th as in thine. On this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster.SWAN 741 SWITZER Magnolia glauca; the Deciduous Swamp Mag- nolia or Sweet Bay, a North American tree about twenty feet high. The bark is bitter and aromatic, with the properties of Cinchona. The bark, seeds, and cones are employed in chronio rheumatism. [Beaver-tree.] Swan (sw<5n), n. 1. (Fig.) Applied to a famous poet; thus Shakespeare is called the Swan of Avon, Virgil the Swan of Mantua. 2. (Astron.) The constellation Cygnus. 3. Swans taken collectively. [Bare.] Swan- hopping. A corruption of swan-upping—that is the ceremony or process of marking swans be- longing to the crown, London companies or guilds, the University of Oxford, &c., which is usually performed by making a cut or mark upon the upper maudiole with a knife or other sharp in- strument. Swan-upping. See Swan-hopping. Swank ie, Swank y (swank-le), (swank y), n. A tight, strapping young fellow or girl. [Scofc/i.] "There, swan hies young, in braw braid-claith, Are springin o'er the gutters." Burns: Holy Fair. Swan pan (sw&n'p&n), n. An abacus; a shwanpan. Swan's down (swan's down), n. The down or soft feathers obtained from a swan. "With his fan of turkey-feathers, With his plumes and tufts of swanks-down." Longfellow: Hiawatha. Swan skin (swan'skin), n. [Eng. swan, and sfcm]. 1. The skin of a swan with the feath- ers on. 2% A kind of woolen blanketing used by letter- press printers and engravers. Swap (sw6p), v, t. [A variant of sweep, v. cf. Icel. swejpja = to sweep, to swoop.] To strike, as with a sweeping stroke. [06s.] "Swap of his head." Chaucer: C. T., 15,8°4. Swap (swap), v. i. [06s.] 1. To move swiftly; to rush. Lay am on, 26,775. 2. To fall completly down. 3. To ply the wings with a sweeping noise. 4. To swop, to barter. Swap (swap), n. A blow, a stroke. [Prov. Eng."] Swarth (swarth), n. I. The sward; the turf. 2. A swarth; one of the bands or ridges of grass, hay, &c., produced by mowing with the scythe. tkHere strech'd in ranks the levell'd swarths are found." Pope: Homer; Iliad xviii. 639. Swarth ness (s^artli'ness), n. The same as Swarthiness. [.Rare.] Swart ness (swart'n&ss), n. Swarthiness. Swart star (swart'star), n. Sirius, the Dog-star. So named from its appearance during the hot weather of summer, which darkens or "swarts" the complexion. "Ye valleys low . . . On whose fresh lap the swart-star sparely looks." Milton: Lycidas, 138. Swash (sw6sh), n. 1. A blustering noise, a swaggering, a vaporing. [ Vulgar.] "I will flaunt and brave it after the lusty swash." The Three Ladies of London. 2, A roaring blade, a swaggerer, a swasher. 3. Wash; hogswash. [Oi»s.] Tyndall: Works, p. 65. Swash (sw<5sh), v. i. [Sw. dial, svasska = to make a squashing or swashing noise.] 1. To fall with a great noise. 2, To spill or splash water about; to dash or flow noisily; to splash. Swash way (swdsh'way), n. A swash; a nar- row channel of water lying within asand-bank. Swash y (swtfsh'y-), a. Swash, squashy, soft. [Prov. Eng.] Sway (sway), n. A pivoted upright with an arm attached, fixed to the hob of a grate or cooking range, so that the arm, with pots or kettles hung thereon, may be turned over the fire, and the vessels raised and lowered when necessary. Sway- bached. The same as Swayed, a. (q.v.) Sway- bar. (Vehicles) A bar on the hind < nd of the forehounds of a wagon, resting on the coupling- poles and sliding theron as the wagon turns; a slider, a sweep bar. Sway-bracing. The guys of a suspension-bridge to prevent lateral sway- ing. Swayed (swayed\ a. Strained and weakened in the hinder parts of the body. (Applied to over- worked horses.) "Stark spoiled with the staggers, begnawn with the bots, swayed in the back."—Shakesp.: Taming of the Shrew, iii. 2. Sway fill (swayful), a. Capable of swaying; powerful, swaying. [Rare.] "Where Cytherea's swayful power Is worshipped in the reedy bower." FawJces: The Distaff. Swreal (sweal), v. t. To dress, as a hog, by burn- ing or singeing; to swale. Sweat (sw6t), v. t. To oppress and defraud by employing at starvation wages. "The nether garments at 3s. lid. imply some- thing achieved in further sweating the sweated of Houndsditch."—London Daily News, Oct. 27, 1886, To sweat coins (espec. gold coins): To remove a portion of them by shaking them in bags, so that a portion of the metal is worn off, yet the diminu- tion of the value is not readily perceived. Sweat er (sweater), n. One who or that which causes to sweat: as—(a) A sudorific, (b) A thick woolen jacket or coarse jersey worn by athletes, &c., in training. "Want of food . . . and exercise in sweaters." —Referee, Dec. 12, 1886. Swe den bor gi an (swe'den-bSr^gi-an), a. [See def.] Of or belonging to Swedenborg or his doctrines. Swed ish (swed'ish), n. The language spoken by the Swedes. Sweep (sweep), v. t. 1. To strike with a long stroke; to brush or touch quickly with the fin- gers. "The sweet Muses in the neighbouring bowers Sweep their wild harps." Praed: Athens. 2, To carry the eye over; to view widely and rapidly: as, To sweep the horizon. To sweep the board; To clear all the stakes; hence, to win everything. Sweep (sweep), v. i. To take in a view with progressive rapidity; to include a number of ob- jects or individuals in a single observation; to range, as the eye or a telescope. Sweep (sweep), n. (Founding) A movable temp- let used in loam-molding. It consists of a board, of which the edge is cut to the form of the cross- sectional outline of the article to be molded. The surface of the mold or core is formed by moving the sweep paralled to the axis at right angles to its lenght. For hollow articles, as pipes, sweeps are made in pairs, one for "running up" the core, and the other for forming the interior of the mold. To make a clean sweep of anything'. To sweep anything away completely; to take or carry off the whole of anything. Sweep age (sweep age), n. The crop ofhnygot in a meadow. [Prov. Eng.] Sweet (sweet), a. A sweet tooth: A great liking for sweet things or sweetmeats. Sweet-and-twenty: A term of endearment. "Come kiss me, sweet-and-twenty." Shakesp: Twelfth Night, ii. 3. To be sweet on (or upon): To have an affection for; to be in love with. [Colloq.] " 'Lookyel' said Anthony in his ear. 'I think he is sweet upon your daughter.' "—Dickens: Mar- tin Chuzzlewit, ch. xi. Sweet-acorn. (Bot.) Quercus Ballota, an ever- green oak with elliptical, coriaceous, entire, or serrated leaves, white and downy beneath; grow- ing in Spain. The acorns, which are long and cylindrical, are eatable. Sweet-bay. (Bot.) Lau- rus nobilis. Named from the odor of its leaves. Sweet-calabash. (Bot.) Passiflora maliformis, a passion flower, with large, red, white, and blue fugitive flowers, succeeded by a fruit like a good- sized apple, yellow when ripe, with black seeds, a thick rind, and a sweetish edible pulp. It grows wild in West Indies, where it is called by the Spaniards Granadilla. Sweet-calamus, sweet-cane. (Bot. & Script.) [See Cane.] Sweet-fern. (Bot.) (a) Lastrea fragrans; (b) L. montana. Sweet- gale. [See Bo'b-myrtle.] Sweet-gale moth: (En- tom. ) A night moth Acronycta myricce, found in Scotland and Ireland. Sweet-herbs. Fragrant herbs cultivated for culinary purposes. Sweet- leaf. (Bot.) Symplocos tinctoria, a plant with thick leaves of fragrant odor and sweetish taste, growing in southern United States. Its root is bitter and aromatic; cattle eat it greedily, and it is employed in dyeing yellow. Called also Horse sugar. Sweet-nancy. (Hort.) The double-flow- ered variety of Narcissus poeticus. (Britten & Holland.) Sweet oil. Olive oil. Sweet-scented grass: (Bot.) Anthoxanthum odoratum. Sweet- scented shrub: (Bot.) Calycanthus fioridus, a Carolina shrub smelling like allspice. Sweet-oil, (Bot. & Hort.) Viola odorata, a violet with creep- ing scions, cordate generally, pubescent leaves, and deep-purple, sometimes reddish-purple, lilac, or white fragrant flowers. Sweet-water A vari- ety of white grape, containing a sweet watery juice. Sweet wood (sweet'wood), n. [Eng. sweety and wood.] (Com.) A kind of timber obtained from Oreodaphne exaltata, growing in Jamaica. Sweet* wood-bark. The name given in the Bahamas to the bark of Croton Cascarilla. Swel ter (swSVter). v. t. To breed by internal heat. (According to Schmidt: Shakesp. Lexicon=: to exude. "[Has] sweltered venom sleeping got." Shakesp: Macbeth iv. 1. Swill (swill), v. i. To drink greedily; to drink to excess. Swill ey (swill ey), n. 1. An eddy, a whirlpool. [Prob. Eng.] 2. A coal-field of small extent. [Prov. Eng."] Swim (swim), n. 1, The act of swimming; a bath. "In spite of these reptiles, we used to take a daily swim in the river."—Field, Sept. 25, 1886. 2. A piece of water free from rocks, &c., and deeper than the rest of the river. "Barbel, through a series of cold nights, have run into deeper swims, and will soon be lost sight of for the winter."—Field, Oct. 3, 1885. 3. A piece of water especially frequented by fish. A smooth gliding motion. "Both the swim and he trip are properly mine."—Ben Jonson: Cynthia's Revels, ii. 1. 4. The swimming-bladder of fishes. "The braces have the nature and use of ten-* dons, in contracting the swim."—Grew. In the swim: In the secret; knowing all the cir* cumstances of an enterprise, &c. [Slang.] Swim ming ness (swim'ming-nSes), n. The state of swimming; an appearance of swimming; as, a swimmingness in the eyes. Swinck (swinck), n. & v. The same as swink. Swin dler (swin'dler), n. Syn.—Swindler, Sharper. A swindler is one who is in the habit of obtaining money, goods, and the like, under false pretenses. The term sharper is usually ap- plied to a gambler, or one who uses sharp prac- tice in playing cards, &c.—(Fallows' Synonyms Discriminated.) Swinge £ swinge), n. A singe. [06s.] Swinge mg (swingeing), a. Very great; huge, astonishing, surprising. [Vulgar.] "A good swingeing agitation against the House of Lords."—Pall Mall Gazette, July 7, 1884. Swinge ing ly (swinge'ing-1^), adv. Vastly, hugely, greatly. [Vulgar.] Swin gle (swindle), v. t. To cut off the tops, without pulling up the roots, as weeds. [Prov, Eng.] Swin gle (swin'gle), n. 1. The effective end- piece of a flail; a swiple. 2, An instrument, like a sword, for beating flax; hence the terms, Swingling-knife, Swingling- staff, Swinging-wand. Swipe (swipe), n. [Icel. svipr.] A hard or strong blow, especially in cricket or golf slang. "In driving for Tel-el-Kebir, Kirk had a long ^swipe off the tee."—Field, Sept. 4, 1886. Swip er (swip'er), n. Ore who swipes, espe- cially a hard hitter in cricket or golf. "Jack Haggles, the long-stop, toughest and burliest of boys, commonly called Swiper Jack."— Hughes: Tom Brown's School-days, pt. ii., ch. viii. Swipes (swipe?) n. pi. [Dan. svi»=thin and tasteless beer, 6wipes.] Thin, washy beer; small beer. (Slang.) Swip le (swip'le), n. The same as Swingle (q. v.) Swirl (swirl), v. i. (Norw. svirla=to whirl.] 1. To form eddies; to whirl in eddies. "Bonnie Blackwater. . . . Roaring and brawling and swirling with glee. Blackic: Lays of Highlands & Islands, p. 198. 2. To whirl sbout; to move rapidly. "The fish are swirling at your fly, as an oar- blade swirls in a boat-race."—C. Kingsley: Water- babies, p. 120. Swirl (swirl), n. (Swikl, v.) A whirling motion; a gyration, a curve; an eddying pool, an eddy; a twist or contortion in wood. "She'll never see the Martinmas wind gar them dance in swirls like the fairy rings."—Scott: Bride of Lammermoor, ch. xxxiv. Swiss (swIss), n. [Seethe def.] (Geog.) Of or belonging to Switzerland or its inhabitants. Switch (switch), v. t. (Rail.) To transfer by a switch; to shunt from one set of rails to another. Switch man (switchman), n. A man who has charge of the switches on a railway; a pointsman. "The switchman, while working the switches with his hands, worked the signals with his feet."— Rapier: Railway Signals, p. 23. Swithe (swithe), adv. [Obs.] 1. Strongly, much, greatly. 2, Quickly, fast. (Metrical Homilies, p. 39.) Switz er (switz'er), n. (See def.) A native of Switzerland; a Swiss; specifically, in history, one of a hired body-guard attendant on a king. "Here behold A noble race, the Switzers and their land." Wordsworth : Excursion, bk. vii. Notation: a, e, 1, 0, G, y, long; a, e, i, 6, ii, f, short; care, far, last, f§ll, what; th&re, veil, term; pique, firm; done, fdr, do, wQlf, food, foot; fflrl, r\jde, push; e, t, o, silent; q as s; $h as sh; e, eh, as k; g as j, g as in get; s as z; x as gz; o as in linger, link; thas in thine. tWOn this page will be found all new words; also all words in the latest editions of both Webster's and Worcester's Unabridged Dictionaries, not contained in the original Webster. 77*SWIYE 742 SYNCHORESIS Swive (swlve), v. t. [A. S. swifan; Icel. svlfa; 0. Fris. swiva=to shake.] To copulate with; to have sexual intercourse with. [Ofes.] " Yon wench wol I swive." Chaucer: C. T4,178. Kwlv el (swiv'l), n. (Saddlery) A loop or runner through which the check-rein passes. Swivel-bridge. A bridge which rotates on an axis, moving in a horizontal plane. Swivel-joint. A section in a chain, or a joint on a rod, which allows the parts to twist without kinking or dis- f tortion. Swivel-plow. A plow having its land- slide, sole, and mold-board on an axis, so that the combined portions may be turned over to throw the furrow to the right or to the left. Swiv el (swlv l), v. i. To turn on a swivel, pin, or pivot. £lwiz zle (swizzle), n. [Etym. doubtful; cf. swill and swig.] 1. Spirits and water. (Slang.) "Mr. Snigg mixed himself some swizzle and consoled himself."—Hannay; Singleton Fontenoy. 2. A beverage composed of ale and beer mixed. [Prov. Eng.] 3. Drink generally; liquor, tipple. \Prov. Eng.] Swiz zle (swiz'zle), v. t. [Swizzle, n.J To drink, to swill. Swoop (swoop), v. i. To descend upon prey suddenly from a height, as a hawk; to stoop. Sword (sord), n. The military profession; the profession of arms; arms generally; the military power of a nation. Sword-arm. The right arm; the arm which wields the sword. Sword-bayonet. A bayonet with a blade like a sword, and capable of being detached from the barrel of a rifle and used like a sword. Sword- cane. A cane or stick containing a long-pointed blade, as in a scabbard. Sword-cutler. One who makes or mounts swords. Sword-dance. A dance in which swords are brandished or clashed to- gether by the dancers. Swordsman (swordsman, sw as s), n. 1. One who carries a sword; a soldier; a fighting man. 2. One who is skilled in the use of the sword; a fencer. Swords man ship (swords'man-shlp, sw as b), n. Skill in the use of the sword. "No skill in swordsmanship, however just, Can be secure against a madman's thrust." Cowper: Charity, 609. Swough (swow), n. [A. S. swdgan — to sigh.] 1. A sigh, a sound, a noise. " The swough of the sea." Morte Arthure, 759. 2. A swoon.—Octavian, 900. Syb ar it ism (syb'ar-it-ism), n. Effeminacy, wantonness, voluptuousness. "Sufficient to elevate to the seventh heaven of Sybaritism an amateur of oysters."—Daily Tele- graph, Nov. 26, 1885. Sych no car pous (syeh/no-ear//pofis), a. [Gr. avxvos (suchnos) = frequent, and Kapnos (kar- jpos)=fruit.] (Bot.) Polycarpous (q.v.) SyC o pliant (sjre'o-ph&nt), v, i. To act the sycophant. ** His sycophanting arts being detected,"—Gov- ernment of the Tongue. Syc o pliant isli (syc'7o -phftnt'Ish), a. Like a sycophant; sycophantic, parasitic. Syc o pliant isli ly (s^e^o-phant^sh-l^), adv. Like a sycophant. "Neither proud, nor sycophantishly and falsely humble."—De Quincy: Spanish Nun, § 25. Syc O pliant ism (sye'o-phant-lgm), n. The practices or manners of a sycophant; sycophancy. " Servile sycophantism and artful bigotry."— Knox: Spirit of Despotism, § 9. Syd er O lite (s^d'er-o-llte), n. A kind of earth- enware made in Bohemia, and resembling Wedge- wood ware. Sy e nit ic, Sy e nit ic al (sy'e-nitf'ie, sy'e- nlt^Ie-al), a. {Petrol.) Partaking of the compo- sition of a syenite. Only applied to certain crys- tallic rocks, which contain hornblende: as, sye- nitic-granite, syenitic-gneiss. Syl lab i cate (syl-l&b'i-cate), v. t. To form into syllables. Syl lab i fl ca tion (s^l-iab'i-fl-ea^tion), n. The same as Syllabication. " The unaccented parts have lost their distinct syllabification.'1''—Earle: Philology, § 632. Syl labist (syl'la-blst), n. One versed in divid- ing words into syllables. Syl la ble (sjflla-ble), n. In printing and writ- ing, a section or pert of a word divided from the rest, and capable of being pronounced at one im- pulse of the voice. It may, or may not, corres- pond with the syllable of the spoken language. Syl vat ic, Syl ves tri an ((sj-i-vat'ie, s^i- vfcs'tri-an), a. Of or pertaining to woods and forests; sylvan. [.Rare.] , Sym bol ic (sym-bdl'ic), n. Symbolics. Sym bol ic al (sym-bdl'Ic-al), n. Symbolical- delivery. (Law) The delivery of property sold or resigned by delivering something else as a symbol, token, or representative of it. Sym bol ic al ness (sym-b61/ic~al-n£ss), n. The quality or state of being symbolical. Sym bol ics (sym-bdlics), n. 1. The study of the symbols and the mysterious rites of antiquity. 2. The study of the history and contents of Christian creeds and confessions of faith. Sym bol ism (sym'bol-igm), n. The investing of things, as certain practices in ritual, with a symbolic meaning; the regarding of outward things as having an inner and symbolic meaning; the representing of events by causes or types; such as the sword, the cause of death; the palm, the type of victory, &c. " Sy mbolism [is] the name applied to the system which invested the forms of Christian architec- ture and ritual with a symbolical meaning. The extent to which this symbolism was carried has been a sabject of much controversy."—Brande & Cox. Sym bol ist (sym'bol-ist), n. One who symbol- izes; one who uses symbols. Sym bo log ic al (sym/bo-l<5g//!e-al), a, Of or pertaining to symbology. Sym bol o gist (sym-bdFo-gist), n. One versed in symbology. Sym met ric al (sym-mSt'ric-al), a. (Math.) Possessing the attribute of symmetry; having corresponding parts or relations. In geometry two points are symmetrically disposed with respect to a straight line, when they are on opposite sides of the line and equally distant from it, so that a straight line joining them intersects the given line, and is at right angles to it. A curve is symmetrical with respect to a straight line, when for each point on one side of the line there is a corresponding point on the other side, and equally distant from it. The line is called an axis of symmetry. In conic sections, the axes are the only true axes of symmetry. Two plane figures are symmetrically situated with respect to a straight line, when each point of one has a cor- responding point in the other on the opposite side of the axis, and equally distant from it. A line or a surface is symmetrical with respect to a plane, when for each point on one side of the plane there is a second point on the other side, eqally distant from it. The plane is called the plane of sgmmetrys and is, in conic sections, a principal plane. Symmetrical lines and surfaces in space cannot, in general, be made to coincide with each other. Sperical triangles are symmet- rical when their sides and angles are equal each to each, but not similarly situated. In analysis, an expression is symmetrical with respect to two letters, when the places of these letters may be changed without changing the expression. Thus, the expression x% a%x ab b%x is sym- metrical with respect to a and b; for, if we change the place of a and &, we have x2 -(- b*x + ba -f- a 2a?, the same expression. An expression is symmetrical with respect to several letters, when any two of them may change places with- out affecting the expression; thus, the expression ab -j- ba% -(- a%c -j- c2a + 62c -f- bc2 is symmet- rical with respect to the three letters a, 6, c. Sym me tri clan (sym/me-trlsh//an), n. The same as Symmetrian. —Holinshed: Descrip. Britaine, ch. i. Sym me trist (sym'me-trist), n. One who is studious or particular about symmetry or due proportion of parts; a symmetrian, "This is the clearest reason why some exact symmetrists have been blamed for being too true." —Reliquiae Wottoniance, p. 56. Sym pa thet ic (sym;pa-th6t//!e), a. Sympa- thetic- >k A colorless ink, the writing made with w .ach is made visible by a subsequent ope- ration—warmth, or other reacting stimulant. Sympathetic nerve. (Anat.) A nerve, or system of nerves, running from the base of the skull to the coccyx, along both sides of the body, and consisting of a series of ganglia along the spinal column by the side of the vertebrae. With this trunk of the sympathetic there are communicat- ing branches which connect the ganglia, or the intermediate cord, with all the spinal, and several of the cranial nerves proceeding to primary branches on the neighboring organs or other ganglia, and finally numerous ^flexures of nerves running to the viscera. Sympathetic-powder. (Old Med.) Powder of Sympathy. A powder of vitriol, introduced by Sir Kenelm Digby (1603-65), who published a small book (A Late Discourse, &c.) on its merits, and made known the method of its preparation in his Chymical Secrets (p. 270). The powder was said to be highly efficacious "in stanching of desperate bleeding of the nose, in stanching the blood of a wound, and in curing any green wound (where there is no fracture of bones), without any plaster or ointment, in a • few days." Sympathetic-sounds. Sounds pro- duced from solid bodies by means of vibrations of some sounding body, these vibrations being communicated by means of the air or some inter- vening solid body. Sym pa thist (sym'pa-thist), n. One who sym- pathizes; one who feels sympathy; a sympathizer. [Bare.] Sym pa thiz er (sym^pa-thiz'er), n. One who sympathizes or feels for another; one who takes side or common action with another in any cause or pursuit. Sym pa thy (sym'pa-thy), n. Syn.— Sympathy, Commiseration. Sympathy is literally a fellow- feeling with others, whether in joy or grief. It is now commonly restricted to such a feeling under pain or trouble, and so nearly resembles commiseration; but sympathy involves equality, while commiseration may, and most commonly does, denote inferiority in some sense on the part of the suffering party. See Pity. Sym photi ic (sym-phdn'-ie. 1. The same as Symphonious. 2. (Music) Pertaining or relating to or char- acteristic of a symphony. "In presence of a symphonic poem there is a 'craving of the human mind ' to know what it is all about."—London Daily Telegraphy Feb. 25, 1882. Sym pho ni ous (sym-pho'nl-ous), a. The same as Symphonic (q.v.) Sym pho nize (sym'pho-nize), v. i. To agree, to harmonize. [Rare.] "I mean the law and the prophets symphonizing with the gospel."—Boyle: Style of Holy Scripture, p. 253. Sym pho ny (sym'pho-ny), n. A composition for an orchestra, similar in construction to the sonata, which is usually for a single instrument. A symphony has several varied movements, generally four; never less than three. The first, an allegro; the second, a largo, or andante; the third, a scherzo, or minuet and trio; and the fourth, an allegro. The form of the first and last movement is usually the same as that of the sonata. The scherzo, or the minuet, in some symphonies is placed before, instead of after, the slow movement. Sym phys e al (s^m-phy^e-al), a. Of or per- taining to symphysis. Sym phys e o tome (s^m-ph^s'e-o-tome), n. [Eng. symphysis and Gr. to/avj (tome)=a cutting.] (Surg.) A knife used in the Sigaultian section. Sym phys e oto my (sym-pb^'e-dt^o-my), n. Symphyseotome. (Surg.) The Sigaultian sec- tion (q. v.) Sym phys ot o my (sym'ph^g-Wo-m^), n. Symphyseotomy (q.v.) Sym pos i ast (sym-pOg'i-ast), n. [Gr. (o (grapho = to write.] (Anat.) A descrip- tion of or treatise on the ligaments of the body. Syn des mol o gy (syn/des-m61//o-gy), n. [Gr. trvv&ea/ios (sundesmos) = a ligament, and Aoyo? {logos) = a word, a discourse.] (Anat.) A treat- ise on, or scientific facts regarding the ligaments which connect the parts of the skeleton. Syn des mot o my (syn'dSs-nNW'o-m^), n. [Gr. \sunizo) — to sit with or together: iect of the seventeenth century, followers of Sabbathius Zwi, a native of Smyrna, who declared himself to be the Messiah, who had been sent to shake off the thraldom both of Christianity and Mohammedanism from the Jews, and to couvert all humanity. Remnants of the sect are still in existence in Poland and Turkey. Sab bat ( sSb'bat}, ) n. In the mythology of the Sab bot (R&b'bot), ) middle ages, a midnight meet- ing held annually by demons,1 sorcerers, and witches, under the leadership of Satan, for the pur- pose of celebrating their orgies. Sa ber) (sa ber), v. t. To arm or furnish with a Sa bre J saber. * A whole regiment of sabered hus- sars. Henry Brooke. Sabla (sS'bi-a), n. {Bot.) A genus of plants, bo called from the Indian name aabja of one of the species, and forming the type of the email order Sabiaceaa. Sa bl an (sfi'bl-an), n. 1. (Oeog.) A native or in- habitant of that part of Arabia now called Yemen, the chief city of which was called Saba. 2« (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of an obscure sect, who mingled Christianity, Judaism, Mohammedanism, and heathenish superstition together, (b) One of a sect that arose in the ninth century, cr.lled also P&eudo-Sabians or Syrian Sabians. Their religion Is described as the heathenism of the ancient Syrians, modified by Hellenic influences. Written also Saboean, Sabean. Sab I cu (sSt/i-kB '), n. [Native name.] (JBot.) The name of a valuable tree belonging to the genus Lysiloma, the L. Sabicu, growing in Cuba. Called also Sabicu-ivoods Savicu, and Savicu-wood. Sa bine (sa'bln), n. and a. One of, or pertaining to, an ancient people from whom the founders of Borne took their daughters by force. Sable-stoled (sfi'bl-etGld), a. Wearing a sable stole or vestment. Milton. Sa ble-vest ed (sa^'bl-vfisfed), a. Clothed in sa- bles ; covered with darkness. * Sable-vested, Night.' Milton. Sa bo tl ere (stt-bo-te-Ar), n. [Fr. sabotiere, sar- botiire, an ice-pail, corruptions of aorbetiere, from sorbet, sherbet, an ice.] A machine for making ices ; an ice-cream freezer. Sab ur ra tlon (s£b/ur-r&"shun), n. [Lat. saburra, sand.] The application of hot sand inclosed in a bag or bladder to any part of the body; sand-bath- ing. Sac cba rim e ter (8ak'ka-rTm"et-er), n. A kind of polariscope for determining the amount of sugar in any solution ; a saccharometer. Sac charlne (sSk'ka-rln or s5k'ka-rTn),a.—Saccha- rine fermentation, the fermentation by which starch is converted into sugar, as in the process of malting. Sac cba rite (s3k'ka-rlt), ». [Lat. saccharum, su- gar.] (Min.) A finely-grained variety of feldspar, of a vitreous luster, and white or greenish-white color. Sac cbia ro my ces(sSk/ka-ro-mI"sez),n. [Lat. sac- oharum, sugar, and Gr. jivktjs, a mushroom.] {Bot.) A genus of minute unicellular fungi, comprising the yeast plant (S. cereviseceor Torulacerevisece), which forms the ferment of flour-leaven, beer, etc. See Tobuxapvy£, the pharynx.] (Anat.) That part of the palato-pharyngeus muscle which arises from the . mouth of the Eustachian tube. Sal pinx (siU'pingks), n. [Lat.] (Anat.) The Eus- tachian tube. Salse (s&ls), n. [Fr. salse, ffom Lat. salsus, salted.] An eruption of hot acidulated mud from a small or- ifice, generally in volcanic regions, and frequently accompanied by steam and gases at a high temper- ature, which act powerfully on the surrounding sol- id matters, disintegrating and decomposing them, and forming new compounds. In some districtsthe gases are inflammable, and flames issue from the orifices. Page. Salt (salt), n.—Salt of tin, a term applied by dyers and calico-printers to protochlorideof tin, which is extensively used as a mordant, and for the purpose of deoxidizing indigo and the peroxides of iron and manganese.—To be worth one's salt, to be worthy of one's hire. Dickens.—To eat one's salt, to become united by sacred bonds of hospitality: a phrase bor- rowed from Arab notions. Thackeray.—To put, cast, or lay salt on the tail of, a phrase equivalent to SAM ABIT AN ISM to capture, to catch, children having been told froim hoary antiquity that they can catch birds by putting salt on their tails. Salt (s§lt), n. and a.— Salt-duty, a duty on salt; in London, England, a duty formerly payable to the lord-mayor, etc.", for salt brought to the port of London, being the twentieth part.—Salt-foot, a large salt-cellar placed in former times neartthe middle of a long table to indicate the place of separation between persons of distinction and those of inferior rank.—Salt-holder, a 6alt-caE»tir. Lord Lytton.— Salt-sea, pertaining to the sea or ocean. 4Salt-sea shark.' Shak.—Salt-vat, Salt-fat, same as Salt-foot (which see).—Salt-water, pertaining or relating to salt-water (that is, the sea); belonging to tije sea; used at sea; as, salt-water phrases. Salt (salt), a. Costly; dear ; expensive; as, he paid a salt price for it. 1 [Colloq.. Eng.] Salt (fftlt), v. t.—To salt an invoice, account, etc., to put on the extreme value on each article, in some cases in order to be able to make what seems a liber- al discount at payment.—To salt a piine, to sprinkle a few grains of gold-dust over or'to put gold or sil- ver bearing quartz, etc., into an unproductive hole, a trick among gold-diggers to obtain a high price for their claim from an inexperienced person. Sal ta rel lo (sSl'ta-rer'lo), n. (Mus.) A harpsi- chord jack, so called because it jumps on the key being struck? Sal ta to res (sSl' ta - to" r5z), n. pi. See Salti- gllades. Sal ta to ri a (sal'ta-Wri-a), n. pi. [Lat. saltato- rius, leaping.] (Entom.) The name given by Cu- vier to his second family of orthopterous insects, including the crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, etc. Sal tato ri al (sal'ta-tC'ri-al), a. Relating to or characterized byleaping; having the power of leap- ing; adapted for leaping; saltatory ; as, mltatoriul exercises; saltatorial insects. Sal tee (sSl'te), n. [Corrupted from It. soldi, pi. of soldo, a coin nearly equivalent to a halfpenny.] A penny. [Slang. Eng.] C. Rtade. Salt ern (salt'ern), n. Specifically, a plot of reten- tive land, laid out in pools and walks, where the sea- water is admitted to be evaporated by the heat of the sun's rays. Knight. Sal ti cus (sfll'ti-kus), n. [Lat. salticus, dancing, from salio, saltum, to dance. J (Entom.) A genus of wandering spiders which do not spin webs. Sal tier-wise (sftl'tSr-wIz), adv. (Her.) After the manner of a saltier. * Saltigrada (sSr'ti-grS'da), n. pi. [Lat. saltus, a leap, and gradior, to walk.] (Entom.) A tribe of spiders which seize their prey by leaping upon it from a distance. Called also Saltatores. Sal ti grade (s3J'ti-gr5d),a. Leaping; formed for, or progressing by, leaping. Sal ti grade (silJ ti-gritd), n. (Entom.) One of thtf Saltigrada. Salts (salts), n. pi. A colloquial equivalentof Epsom- salt or other salt used as a medicine.—Smelling salts, a preparation of carbonate of ammonia with some agreeable scent, as lavender or bergamot, used by ladies as a stimulant and restorative in case of faint- ness. Salt y (salt'i), a. Relating to or associated with salt or salt-water; as, salty caves. Aldrich. Sa lute (sa-lflt), v. i. To perform a salutation ; to greet each other. * Saw them salute on horseback.' Shak. Sa lute (sa-lQt7), n. A gold coin, of the value of 25s., struck by Henry V. after his conquests in France, with the word vAve I' (Hail !) in a scroll. Sal vado ra (sal'va-dC'ra), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Salvadoraceae. S. persica is supposed to be the mustard plant of Scripture, which has very 6mall seeds, and grows into a tree. Salvation (sal-vS'shun), n.~Salvation Army, a society organize!! for the religious revival of the masses, and having its proceedings conducted by generals, majors, captains, etc., of either 6ex, their affairs in other respects also being characterized by military forms. Sal va tion 1st (sal-vS'sbun-ist), ». A member of the Salvation Army. Sal vet (sal've), v. t. [Lat. salve, hail, God save you.] To salute; to say Salve to; to greet. Spenser. Sal ve f (sal've), interj. God pave you; hail. Sal ve Re gi na (sSl've rc-jl'na), n. [Lat., Hail, Queen (pf heaven).] (Eccl.) One of the most pop- ular prayers of the Roman Catholic Church, so named from its first words. Salvo (sal'vO), n. 1. (Mil.) A concentrated fire from a greater or less number of pieces of artillery, for the purpose of breaching, etc., the simultaneous concussion of a number of cannon-balls on masonry, or even earth-work, being very destructive. 2. The combined shouts or cheers of a multitude, generally expressive of honor, esteem, admiration, etc.; as, salvos of applause. Samaritan (sa-m3r'i-tan), a. Applied to the characters of a kind of ancient Hebrew writing probably in use before, and partly after, the Baby- lonish exile. Samaritan (sa-m3r'i-tan), n. A charitable or benevolent person : in allusion to the character of the 4 good Samaritan' in the parable. Sa mar i tan ism (sa-mSr/i-tan-Tzra), ». Charita- bleness ; philanthropy; benevolence. Mankind are getting mad with humanity and Sa- maritar.ism. Sydney Smith. Notation: fi^6t K0, % long ; S, 6,1, 0, ti, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure ; f&r, fall, f$st, cAre; h6r, mOve, or; b^H, A, Fr.; ii, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SAMARSKIT 8a marsk It (sa-marsk'It), ». [From Samarak, in Siberia.] (Min.) A compound miueral consisting of yttrium, erbium, iron, etc., occurring at Miask in the Ural Mountains; also found in the mica- miuesof North Carolina. Called also Urano-tanta- lite and Yttroilmenile. Sa ma ve da (sa 'ma-vS'da), n. The name of one of the four Yedaa, or sacred hymns of Hindustan. The Samaveda means the Veda containing samans or hymns for chanting. Sam boo (satn'by), n. (ZoOl.) The East Indian name of the Indian elk (Rusa aristotelis), a large and powerful animal, nearly 5 feet high, of a deep brown color, with the hair of the neck almost de- veloped into a mane. Called also Sambur. Sam bu CU8 (sam-btl'kus), n. [Lat., elderwood.] (Bot.j A genus of trees, natives of Europe and North America. Sam bur (s&n'ber), n. (ZoOl.) See Samboo. Same (sam), a.—All the samet nevertheless; not- withstanding; in spite of all. Disraeli. Sa mi an (sfl'mi-an), a.—Samian letter, same as Pythagorean letter. Pope.—Samian stone, a stone found in the island of Samos, used for polishing by goldsmiths, etc.—Samian ware, a name given to an ancient kind of pottery made of Samian earth or other fine earth. Sam oi edes (efim'oi-Sdz'O, n. pi. See Samoyed. Sam o lus ls3m o-lusj, n. (Bot.) A genua of small herbs of the nat. order Primulacete, embracing S. Valerandi, the brook-weed. Sam o var (sitm'o-var), n. [Rus.] The name given in Russia to a copper urn used for making tea. The water, with which it is filled, is heated by means of charcoal placed in a pipe, having a chimney at- tached, which runs through the urn. Sam oy ed ) (eirn'oi-gd'Ot *». A. member of a race Sam o 1 ed ) of people inhabiting the shores of the Arctic Ocean from about the river Mezen of the European side to the Lena on the Asiatic. They are divided into three tribes, are of small stature, live by hunting, aud their principal wealth consists • in reindeer. Their language is Turanian. Sam oy ed Ic (sam'oi-6d"ik), a. Of or belonging to the Samoyeds ; designating a group of Turanian or agglutinate tongues spoken by tribes dwelling along the north coast of Europe aud Asia from the White Sea to the Lena. _ Also written Samoiedic. Sam pie-room (silm'pl-rOm), n. A room where samples are kept and shown ; also, often applied to a place where liquor is sold by the glass; a tap- room ; a grog-shop ; a bar-room. Sam u el (s&m'tl-el), n. The name of two canonic- al books of the Old Testament. 8a my da (sa-ml'da), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Samydacere, of which it is the type. The species consist of small often thorny trees or shrubs, found In the hot parts of America. Sa ita (s&'na), n. A kind of Peruvian tobacco. Treas. of Bot. Sa nat (s&'nat), n. An Indian calico. Simmonds. San a ta ri um (sSn'a-ta'ri-um), n. Same as San- atorium (which see) D&rjiling is used as a sanatarium. O. Duncan [Oeog. of India]. San a to rl um (sta'a-Wri-urn), n. [Neut. of L. Lat. sanatorius.] A place to which people go for the sake of health ; a building devoted to health purposes; specifically applied to military stations on the mountains or table-lands of tropical countries, with climates suited to the health of Europeans. * Simla, e British sanatorium in the north-west of India.1 Chambers's Ency. Sanatarium and Sanita- rium are also used in the same sense, but these are less correct forms. San a to ry (s&n'a-to-ri), o. See Sanitary. Sanctanim ity (s5ngk ta-nlm"i-ti),n. [Lat.sanct- us, holy, and animus% the mind.J Holiness of miud. Fitzedward Hall. Sane te bell (singk'te-bSl), n. Same as SainVs- bell. Sane tus (s2ngk'tus), ». (Mus.) An anthem be- ginning with the Latin word sanc£usj#holy.—Sanctus bell (R. Cath. Ch. ^ th^emaM bell that is rung at the sanctus and at the elevation of the host during the service of high mass. In the medieval churches it was usually placed on the gable at the east end of the nave, in a small sort of turret, or in a lantern or tower. Sand (sSnd), n. and a.—Sandbank, a bank of sand ; especially, a bank oi sand furmed by tides or cur- rents.— Sand-bath (Med.), a form of bath in which the body is covered with warm or sea sand.—Sand- bed (Metal.), the bed into which the iron from the blast-furnace is run ; the floor of a foundry in which large castings are made.—Sand-blast, a method of engraving and cutting glass and other hard materi- als by the percussive force of particles of sand driv- en by a steam or air blast. Called afso Sand-jet.— Sand-blindness, state of being sand blind.— Sand- boy, a boy employed in carrying or carting sand.— Sand-canal (ZoOl.), the tube by which water is con- veyed from the exterior to the ambulacral or loco- motive system of the Echinodermata. —Sand-corn, a grain of sand .-Sand-flag, sandstone of a lamellar or flaggy structure. Sir W. Scott.—Sand-fluke, see Sand-neoker, infra.— Sand-gall, see Sand-pipe.— Sand-grass (Bot.), grass that grows on sandy soil as by the sea-shore. The name is peculiarly applied to those grasses which, by their vride-spreading and tenacious roots, enable the sandy soil to resist the 746 enoroachment of the sea. Henfrey. —Sand-hill, a hill of sand, or a hill covered with sand. ' The sand hills of the sea.' Shelley.—Sand-hiller, one of a class of poor, miserable, white people, inhabiting the sand-hills and pine woods of South Carolina and Georgia, said to be descended from the poor whites Who were thrown out of work by the introduction of slave labor. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett.—Sand-jet, see Sand-blast, supra.—Sand-lizard (ZoOl.), a sauri- an reptile (Lacerta agilis or L. stirpium) found on sandy heaths in Great Britain.-Sand-myrtle (Bot.), the American name for a plant of the genus Lero- phyllum, nat. order Ericacefe ( heathworts), a native of New Jersey. It is a low, branchy, evergreen shrub with terminal clusters of small white flowers. —Sand-necker (Jchth.), a local name for a variety of plaice (Platessa or Hippoglossoides limandoides), inhabiting the waters of the British Channel and along the shores of Northern Europe. Called also Sand-fluke, Sand-sucker, Rough-dab, and. Long-fluke. —Sand-picture, a picture formed by arrangiug sand of various tints on glutinous ground so that the general effect is similar to that of a colored picture. —Sand-pillar, a term applied to a sand-storm in a desert, as that of Sahara or Mongolia; so called from its assuming the form of a piilar while whirl- ing alonq.-Sand-pi2je (Geol.), a name given to long, perpendicular, cylindrical hollows, tapering to a point, penetrating sometimes deeply into the chalk, and so called from being filled with sand, gravel, or clay. Called also Sand-gall.—Sand-pump, a cylin- drical metallic case or tube having at the bottom a valve opening inwardly and used for removing the sand which collects in the bore when a well, etc., is being drilled— Sand -scratch (Geol.), a scratch or furrow on the surface of rocks, made by sand car- ried by the wind passing over them. -- Sand-shot, small cast-iron balls, such as grape, canister, or case, cast in sand, larger balls being cast in iron molds. — Sand-sucker, see Sand-necker, supra. San de ma iti an (sap ' dS-ma^ni-an), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of intebert Sandeman, & Scotch Antinomian theologian; one of the sect called Glassites. See Glassite. San de ma ni an ism (s3n'de-ma"ni-an-Izm), i.. The principles of the Sandemanians. San^ak^ f (sfln'jak), n. Same as S mjiao. Sand lark (sSnd lark), n. (Ornith.) Probably th« rock or shore pipit. STan dor i cum (san-dOr'i-kum), n. (.Bof.) [From santoor, the Malay name of the tree.] A genus of plants, nat. order Meliacese. S. indicum, the only species, is an elegant tree of considerable size, found in the Molucca and Philippine Islands, as well as in the southern parts of India. Sandstone (sgnd'stOn), n.— Flexible sandstone (Min.), a variety of laminated rock, akin to itaco- luranite, but with a finer grain, containing scales of mica which render it quite flexible, hence the name. —New red sandstone (Geol.), a series of brick-red strata lying immediately above the Permian strata. The new red sandstone system, as at first designat- ed, included two groups of rocks, the one contain- ing fossils belonging to the paleozoic age, the othei inclosing ruesozoir. remains. Thesohave, therefore, been separated, and the name Permian given to the older and lower group, and that of triassic or caw red sandstone to the newer and upper.—Old red \ s indstone, a group of strata, chiefly sandstones and I conglomerates, whose universally red color suggest- ; ed their name. Thelowerstratapassinto the upper Silurian, the upper bedspass into the carboniferous, a middle group being recognized only in the north of Scotland. Fossils are few in comparison tQ the thickness of tte strata. Sand wicb (n&nd'wMr), n. Anything resembling a sandwich; something dissimilar placed between two other things, as a man carryingtwoadvertising boards, one before and one behind, a man placed between two ladies, or the like. Sand wfcli (sdnd'wich), v. t. To arrange in the form of a sandwich; to insert between something dissimilar, or between two dissimilar layers, iu the manner of the meat in a sandwich; to fit between other parts; to iuterlard. [Colloq.] Sang (sring), n. A song. [Sootch.] Sang (s&ng), n. A corruption of ginseng. Sail ga ree (sftng'ga-re"),i;.<. Toreduceinstrength and sweeten: applied to fermented liquors, as wine, ale, etc. San ga ree (s3ng'ga-r8"). v. i. To drink sangaree. * Sangareed with bearded Tartars in the Mountains of the Moon.* Aytoun. Sang ha (sAng'ha), n. [Hind., a society.] An or- der of mendicants said to have been established by Buddha. Some of the members reside in monaster- ies, while others lead a solitary life. San gre al (sang'gre-al, silng-gral/, or s5ng-r3'al), n. [Lit. holy dish.J In legendary history, the holy vessel from which our Lord ate the paschal lamb, or from which he dispensed the wine, at the last sup- per: said to have been brought to England by Jo- seph of Arimathea. The quest of the 4 Holy Grail' is narrated at great length in the romantic story of King Arthur. San gu (fAng'ge), ». (ZoOl.) 'The native name of the Abyssinian ox, characterized by the great size of its horns. San gu| sor ba (8&ng'gwi-sor"ba), n. ["From Lat., sanguis, blood, and sorbeo, to absorb: & officinalis SANTORIN was formerly supposed to be a powerful vulnerary. J (Bot.) A genus of plants, the type of the suborder Sanguisorbese, in the nat. order Rosace®. San ill ta (sthrhi-ta), n. [Hind.] The name of that portion of the Vedas. or sacred writing of the Brahmans, which contains tho mantra or hymns. San i dine (siln'i-dfn), n. (Min.) Glassy feldspar, nearly allied to coirfmou feldspar. Sail i i'y (siln'i-fT), v. f. [Lat. sanus, healthy, and/a- cio, to make.] To make healthy : to improve in sani- tary conditions. 4 Sanificd cities.' [R.J W.R.Greg. San 1 ta ri ail (?3n i-ta ri-an >, a. Relating or hav- ing regard to laws of health, particularly of the pub- lic health. San i ta ri an (siln'i-ta 'ri-an), n. A promoter of, or one vert-ed in, sanitary measures or reforms; one deeply interested in public hygiene; asanitarist. San i ta rifet (san i-ta-rist), n. One who udvocates or promotes sanitary measures or reforms ; a sani- tarian. Sanitarium (s3n i-tS'ri-um), n. A health re- treat ; specifically, a report or retreat for convales- cents or others in trupical climates. 'Simla, the sanitarium in India.' Duncan [Gvog. of India]. See Sanatorium. Sanitary t.san i-ta-ri), a. The two words Sanitary and Sunatory are not unfrequeutly confounded. Sanitary, from Lat. sanitas, health, has the general meaning of pertaining to health; hygienic. Sana- tory, from Lat. sano, to make healthy, means per- taining to healing or curing; therapeutic; as, the sanitary condition of the town was bad ; sanatory medicines or agencies. Sail i ta tion (situ'i-ta 'shun), n. 1. The adoption of sanitary measures conducing to preserve the health of a community. It relate* to all matters of public health as affected by conditions of the air, ventilation, cleanliness, scavenger work, etc. Syn- onymous with Hygiene. 2* The act of regulating the sanitary condition of, or of bringing under sanitary rules^; as, the sanitation of cities. Sail i tifet (sSn i-tist), n. Same as Sanitarist. Sail i to ry (sdn'i-to-ri), a. Sanitary. [R.] Sif J. D. Hooker. San ja kate (siSn'jak-at), n. A territorial division of the Turkish Emp're; a sanjak. Written also Sunqiacate. San kbya (s&ng/khy<0, n. [Skr.. synthetic reason- ing. J The name of one of the three great systems of Hindu philosophy. It teaches how eternal hap- piness, or complete exemption from ill, can be ob- tained. San nab (siln'na), n. The name of certain kinds of Indian muslin. ^au liup (sfin nup), n. Among the American In- dian*, a married male member of the community; the husband of a squaw.' 'Mindful slill of sannup and of squaw.' Emerson. Sansap pel (safiz-a-pSl),n. [Fr. sans, without, and appel, uppeal.] A person from whose decision there is no appeal; one whose opinion is decisive; an in- fallible person. He had followed in full faith such a sausappel as he held Frauk to be. Kingsley. Sans-cu lotte rie (s3nz ku-15t"re). n. [Fr.] The party, clas?, or opinions of the sans-culottes. Sans-cu lot tic (s&ns'k\j-!5t ik), a. Relating to or characterized by 6ans-culotlism ; revolutionary ; radical; republican. Carlyle. Sans-cu lot list (sifriz'ku-15t' ist), n. A sans-cu- lotte; a revolutionist; a rabid republican. San sev i era (sfln'sev-i-5 'ra), n. [AfterSansevi- er, a Swedish botanist ] A genus of liliaceous plants found on the coasts of Western Africa, of Ceylon, and other ea?tern islands, as well as of India. IH. PI. 17, Fig. 9. San skrit) (sSn'skrit), a. Pertaining to or ez- San scrit J pressed in Sanskrit. Written also Sanskritic, Sanscritic. Sail fckrit / (.san'skrit), n. Many philologists enter- San scrit > tain the belief that the Sanskrit is more nearly allied than any other ltmguage to the ancient tongue spoken by all the Aryan tribes, while yet forming one community in Central Asia, while others regard the Zend as equally entitled to this character. la n scrit ic |(san-skrlt'ik), a. See Sanskrit. San skritist) (sSn'skrit-ist), n. A person distil^ San scrit ist ) guished for attainments in Sanfr skrit. San ta-cla.us (sfai ta-klas), n. The good saifiP represented as a short, fat, good-natured personage, dressed in furs, driving about on Christmas eve in) a sled drawn by four reindeer, to put presents ii£ children's stockings. The term is a corruption of St. Nicholas, the patron saint of children, whose day/ is that preceding Christmas. The myth is of Dutci} origin. San la lum (sSn'ta-lum), n. [Lat.] (Bot.) Age* nus of plants, nat. order Santalaceas, and the type oft that order. One or more species yield the sandal- wood of commerce. San tliee (s&n'te), n- An East Indian measure for land, varying all over the country. In some dis- tricts it is as much as can be plowed by two bul- . locks, in some by three, and in some by four. San to rill (sfln'to-rln), n. (Min.) An argillaceous mineral occurring on the island of Santorin, yield- ing an excellent cement. Obi cAain; jst go; _ j, job\ ng, sin?; fh, Men; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, a*ore; ooa food; oi, oil; ou, pound On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NO? contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SAOUAKI Saotiarl (sou-a'rS), )n. (Bot.) An ex- Sou a rl-wood (sou-a'rg-wud),) cellent timber for ship-building, obtained from the Caryooar nu- oiferum and C. tomentosum, nat. order Rhizobola- ce®, which yield also the delicious saouari nuts. They are natives of tropical America. Sap (sfip), n. The juice or fluid in any substance, the presence of which is characteristic of a healthy, fresh, or vigorous condition; blood. Shak.—Sap- ball, a name for those species of Polypori that grow on trees, but more specifically applied to Pol- yporus squamosum, abounding on decayed ash-trees. —Sap-color, an expressed vegetable juice inspissat- ed by slow evaporation, for the use of painters, as sap-green, etc.—Sap-fagot {Mil.), a fascine about 3 feet in length used in sapping.—Sap-roller (Mil.), a large gabion 6 feet long, and rendered bullet-proof by being filled with another gabion of less diameter as well as with fascines. It is rolled by a sapper before him to protect him from the fire of the ene- my. Sap (eSp), v. i. To aot like a sap; to play the part of a ninny or a soft fellow. [Slang. J Bat then he saps. Lord Lytton. ||fp n. Soap. [Scotch.] Sa plie nous (sa-fS'ntis), a. (Anat.) A term ap- plied to the superficial vessels and nerves of the thigh and leg. Sap id less (i&p'id-les), a. [A badly formed word.] Without taste, savor, or relish; insipid. C. Lamb. Sa pi en cy (s5'pi-en-si), n. The state or quality of being sapient; sapience. Sa pi~< d us (sa-pln'dus), n. [Contr. from sapo In- dicus, or Indian soap. The aril which surrounds the pod of S. Saponaria is used as soap in America.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Sapindacese, containing about forty species found in the tropical parts of the Old and New World. They produce a red'fruit called soap berries, from their being used as a substitute for soap. 111. PI. 17, Fig. 10. Sa pi um (sS'pi-um), ». [From Celtic sap, fat, in allusion to the unctuous exudation from the wound- ed trunk.] (jBot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Euphorbiaoeaa. S. aucuparium is a native of the woods of Carthagena. The juice of this species, as well as that of S. indicum, is highly poisonous. Sap i u tan ) (sap'i-O-tan"), »• [Malay, cow of Sap y ou tan ) the woods.] (ZoOl.) Anoa de- pressicornes. a wild ruminant quadruped classed va- riously as a buflalo, an ox, and an antelope. It is a native of Sumatra and Celebes. Sapodilla (sSp'o-dir'la), n. [D. sapodiUe, Sp. zapotilla, aapotiila, from Mexican zapotl.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Achras, the A. Sapota, nat. order Sapotacess, and found in the West Indies, and some parts of South America. The fruit, called sapodilla plum, resembles a bergamot pear in shape and 6ize, and is much prized as an article of diet: 111. PI. 17, Fig. 11. Sap o nite (sSp'o-nlt), n. (Jtfin.) A soft, clay-like, hydrous silicate of magnesia and alumina, found in amorphous masses in veins of serpentine and cav- ities in trap-rock. Sa po ta (sa-pO'ta), n. (Bot.) The specific name of a tree or plant of the genus Achras, the A. Sapo- ta. See Sapodilla. Sap pie (s&p7!), n. A lye of soap and water; soap- suds. [Scotch.] Gait. Sap ro leg ni e ae (s&v'ro-l$g"nl-e-B),n.pl. (Bot.) A natural order of confervoids, of doubtful affinity, with the habits of molds and the fructification of al- gae, They are nearly colorless, and grow on dead and living animals, and are most destructive to fish and other animals confined in aquaria. Sa propli a goug (sa-prOf'a gus), a. Feeding on substances in a state of decomposition. Sap ro phyte (sfip'ro-flt), n. [Qr. orairpo?, rotten, and ovrov, a plant.] (Bot.) A plant that grows on decaying vegetable matter. Sachs. Sap ro phyt ic (s&p'ro-flf'ik), a. Pertaining to saprophytes. Sa propli y tism (sa-pr5fi-tlzm), n. (Bot.) The state of being saprophytic; the state of living on de- caying vegetable matter. See Saprqphtte. Sap u cay a } (s£p'&-k5//a), ». Same as Monkey- Sap u cat a \ pot. Sa pyg i dse (sa-pTj"i-d8), n. pi. (Entom.) A fam- ily of hymenopterous insects of the section Fosso- res, the species of which are chiefly distinguished by the feet, in both sexes, being slender, and little or not at all spinose. Sar a swa ti (sSr'a-swft^tS), «. (Hind. Myth.) The name of the female energy or wife of Brahman, the first of the Hindu triad. She is the goddess of speech, music, arts, and letters. Sar eeled (sar'seld), )a. (Her.) Cut through in Sar eel l<5e (sar'sel-S), > the middle. Writtenalso Sarcelled. Sar cil is (sfir'sil-is), n. A coarse woolen cloth worn by tlie lowest class of persons, and those who subsisted on charity, mentioned during the thir- teenth century. Written also Sarzil. Strutt. Sar ci na, (sar-sl'na), )n. [Lat., a bundle.] Sar cin u la (sar-sln'fl-la), J A genus of minute plants of low organization and doubtful nature, but generally believed to be fungi, commonly found in matter discharged by vomiting from stomachs af- fected with cancer and certain forms of dyspepsia. Sarciute are also found in the urine, in the fluid of the ventricles of the brain, etc. 747 Sar cine fsar'sln), n. [Qr. aAjj, head.] (Bot.) A genus of climbing shrubs, natives of western tropic- al Africa, and belonging to the nat. order Cincho- nacese. Sar code (sar'kOd), n. [Qr. /xa, a sheath or membrane.] (Anat.) The tubular sheath enveloping the fibrils of muscle which form the fiber. Sar co lobe (sar'ko-lflb), n. [Gr, n. pi. (Paleon.) An Sau rold e 1 (s^-roid'e-I), > order of fossil fishes combining in their structure certain characters of reptiles. Sau rold lcli nlte (s§/roid-Ik,/nIt), ». (Paleon.) The footprint of a saurian or reptile-like animal. See Ichnite. Sau rop si da (sg-rSp'si-da), n. pi. [Gr. assumed by the members of the tribe of Koreysh, to which Mohammed belonged. It is also applied to the sultans of Zanzibar and Muscat. Sblrro (zber'rO), n. pi. Sblrri (^ber're^ [It.] An Italian police-officer. Scab bard-fish (sk&b'ard-flsh), n. (Ichth.) The Lepidopus caudatus, a beautiful scaleless fish found in the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic, so called because in shape it bears some resemblance to the sheath of a eword. Scaff-raff(skSfrS^, ». Riff-raff; rabble. [Sc.] Sir W. Scott. Seal a wag (skfil'a-w8g), n. 4 mean, low fellow; a scapegrace ; a scamp. [Vulgar. U. S.] Scauld 1 Cs^altl), v. t. To scold; to rate. [Sootch.] Scale (skftl), v. t.—To scale down a debt, to reduce a debt, according to a certain scale or ratio. [U. 8.] Scale (sk&l),Scale-beetle (Entom.), the tiger bee- tle ( Cicindela campestris).—Svale-ferri ( Bot.), a pop- ular name for a fern of the genus Ceterach (C. offl- cinarum), so named from the imbricated tawny scales at the back of the fronds. —Scale-fish, a deal- er's name for the pollack, the torsk, the hake, and the haddock when dry-cured, which have only half the commercial value of the cod. Simmonds.—ule- insect (Entom.), a name given to an insect belong- ing to the family Cocci da, many of which live as parasites on various plants, particularly on hot- house plants, and do them considerable injury^ Scale-moss (Bot.), a popular name given to the Jun- germannias, plants resembling moss, and belong- ing to the order Hepaticre, They grow on the trunks of trees, in damp earth, and in similar places, and are so called from the small soale-like leaves. HI. PI. 17, Fig. 12. Scalenus (ska-16'nus), n. [Gr. at.] (Anat.) The cavity of the external ear BetW96n il)e helix and the antihelix. Sea phan der (ska-f&n'der), n. [Gr. o-k&4>o«, any' thing hollowed, ^tid dei)p, dvfipos, a ir an.] A case or vessel in which ft diver is inclosed when under the surface of tho water. Sea plild 1 um (ska-fidi-um), n. (Bot.) A hollow case containing spores in algals. Sea pill um (ska'fl-um), n. [Lat., from Gr. a*<£- 4»os, a boat.,] (Bot.) The carina or Keel of papili- onaceous flowers. Scapli og na thlte ( skaf -8g'na-thlt), n. [Gr. o?, a boat, and yvaOos, a jaw..] The boat-shaped appendage(epipodite) of the second pair of maailla in the lobster, the function of which is to spoon out tie water from the branchial chamber. Scap u lar (ek5p'u-ler), n. (R. Cath. Ch.) A small badge or emblem worn by the members of some lay organizations, who performed certain religious duties, such as reciting prayers, and the like. Spap u 11 man cy (skap." u-11 - mftu' si), n. [Lat; pcapula, the shoulder-blade,and Gr./xatreia, divina- tion.] Same as Omoplatoscopy. S»car bro Ito-(pkftr'bro-Tt), n. (JSfin.) A mineral of a pure white color, void of luster, and composed of alumina, silica, ferric oxide, aud waler, occur- ring as veins in the beds of sandstone covering the calcareous rock near Scarborough, England \ hence the name. Scarce ment (sk&rs'ment), n. (Mining.) A ledge of a stratum llift projecting into a mine shaft as a footing for a la3\1er; asupporc fo • a pit-cistern, etc. Scare Tskar). v. »>— To scare vpt to find out; to dis- cover 1oy diligent inquiry or search j to bring to light. [Low.] Scare-sin ner (skar"sln'er), « One who or that which frightens sinners. Sterne. Scarf (skfirf), «. (Her.) A small ecclesiastical ban- ner hanging down from the top of a crosier. I1L PI. 17, Fig. 13. Scar let (skar let), a.—The scat let woman, the won)- an referred to in Rev. xvii. 4, 5. The term id some- times applied by Protestant polemios to' Rome or the Roman Catholic Church. Scar let (sk&r'let), v. t To make soarlet or bright red; to redden. |R. or Obs.] The ashy pafcness of my cheek Is acarlete f in ruddy flakes of wrath. Ford. Scar let-lake (skar-let-iak),». A red pigment pre- pared from cochineal. Scar pines (sk&^plnz), n. pi. [Fr. escarpina.] As instrument of torture resembling the boot. Being twice racked... .1 was pat to the soarpines. Kingsley. ch, cftain; g, oo; j, job; ng, sin?; th, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig $ zh, arare < oo, food; oi, oil * ou, pougd. On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SCARRED Scarred (skftrd), a. Marked by scars; exhibiting \ scars; specifically (Bo«.), marked by the scars left by bodies .that have fallen off; the stem, for in- stance. is 8oarred by the leaves that have fallen. £cart (skfirt), v. t. To scratch ; to scrape. Some- times Applied to indistinct or indifferent writing. 'Bits of scarted paper.' [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Scart (sk&rt), n. 1. A scratch ; a stroke or dash of the pen. 'Twa skarts of a pen.' Sir W. Scott. 2. A meager, puny-looking person; a niggard. [Scotch.] Scart (skflrt), )n. [For scar/, Icel. skarfr.~] A Scarth (sk&rth), J cormorant. [Scotch.] Scar y (skAr'i), a. 1. Subject to a scare; alarmed; frightened; scared. [Colloq. or low. U. 8.] 2. Tending to alarm; causing or suggesting a " scare, [Colloq. or low. U. S.] Scat ) (skit), n. [A. Sax. sceat, a tax, a coin; Icel. Scatt) skattr, Dan. skat.] 1« Tax; tribute. Seizing1 scatt and treasure For her royal needs. Longfellow. 2* Damage; loss. * Scathe (skfith), n. Injury ; scath. Tennyson. 'Oy- oles of struggle and scathe.' J. B. Lowell. Scathe ful (skath'fyl), a. Scathful. Scathe fal ness (ekSth'fgl-nes), n. Same as Soath- 'fulness. Scathe less (skath'les), a. Scathless. Scat hold (skSt'hOld), n. In Orkney and Shetland, open ground for pasture or for furnishing fuel; scatland. Written Scattald, Scathald, Scatthold, Soattold. Scat land (sk&t'land), n. In Orkney and Shetland, land which paid a duty called scat for the right of pasture and cutting peat.' Scaud (skad), v. t. To scald. [Scotch.] Scaup (sk§p), n. [A form of scalp.] 1. [ Scotch and Northern English. J Poor hard land ; a small bare knoll. 2. [Scotch.] A bed or stratum of shell-fish; as; oyster-scaup, a mussel-scaup. Scaur (sk&r), v. t. To frighten ; to scare. [Scotch.] Scav enge (skiv'enj), v. t. To cleanse from, or. ; sweep clear of. filth. [R.] Kingsley. Scav en ger CekSv'en-jer), n. One who follows or is engaged in any mean or dirty calling.—Scavenger roll (Cotton Manuf.), a roller in a spinning machine, to collect the loose fiber or fluff, which gathers on the parts with which it is placed in contact. Scaw (skg), n. [Icel. skagl, a promontory, skaga, to jut out, or be prominent.] A promontory. [Shet- land.] From Samburgh-head to the Scaw of Unst. Sir W. Soott. Sea zon (sk&'zon), ». (Latin Pros.) An iambic trimeter, having a spondee or trochee in the last foot. 1 Seel i des (sSl'i-dSz), n. pi. [Gr. oxeXi'f, - en, to rub or grate, and zieger% green-cheese, whey.] A kind of green cheese made in Switzerland, to which the flavor of Melilotis ccerulea is communi- cated. Schal en-blende (shal'en-blSnd), n. [G., shell- blende.] (Min.) Testaceous blende; a sulphide of zinc, containing iron and lead. Found at Gerold- 6eck in the Brisgau. Schap zi ger (shap'zi-ger), n. Same as Schabzieger. Schaum-earth ( shoum'erth), ». [G. schaum, foam, froth, and Eng. earth,'] Aphrite. Schel to pu sik / (sh61//to-p5/zik), n. [The native Shel to pu sik J Siberian name.] ( %o&l. ) A genus (Pseudopus) of saurian reptiles. The only species known is found in Siberia, Greece, the whole of the continent of Europe to the south, and the Mediterranean coasts of Africa. It haunts thick herbage and grassy places. Sche ma (6kS'ma),n. In the system of Leibnitz, the principle which is essential to each monad, and which constitutes the characteristics proper to each of them. Sche mat ic (ske - m2t' ik), a. Pertaining to a scheme or schema. Schematic proprieties. Sir W. Hamilton. Scheme (skSm), n.—Scheme of division, in Scots ju- dicial procedure, a tabular statement drawn out to show how it is proposed to divide a common fund among the several claimants thereon, or to allocate any fund or burden on the different parties liable. Scheme-arch ("skSm'arch), n. [It. arco scemo% an incomplete arch.] An arch which forms a portion of a circle less than a semi-circle. Sometimes erro- neously written Skene-arch. Schenk-beer ( shSngk'bSr ), n. [G. schenk-bier, from schenken, to pour out, because put on draught soon after it is made.] A kind of mild German beer; German draught or pot beer, designed for imme- diate use, as distinguished from lager or store beer. Called also Shank-beer. Scher bet zide (sher-bfit'zld), n. An itinerant ven- dor of sherbet, syrup, fruit, etc., in eastern towns. Schep ne f (sh3p'ne), ». A stall or stable for sheep. Chaucer. Scheuch ze rl a (shtlk-ts^'ri-a), n. [In honor of John and James Scheucheer, German botanists.] (Bot.) A small marsh herb, nat. order Juncagi- naceee, of wide distribution, with a creeping root- stock, erect slender leaves, and a leafy ecape with racemose small yellowish six-partite flowers. Schll ler-spar (shll'er-sp&r], n. [G. schillern, to change color, and Eng. «j?ar.J (Min.) A genus of massive magnesio-siliceous spars, comprising four varieties, namely, common schiller-spar, bronzite, bypersthene, and anthophyllite. It is of pearly lus- ter and changeable hues. Schll ling; (shil'ing or skll'iug), n. Same as Shil- ling (which see). Schl nus (skl'nus), n. [From Gr. o-xtvo?, the name of the mastic. A resinous juice exudes from this tree similar to mastic.]' (Bot.) A genus of trees and shrubs, nat. order. Anacardiacese, natives of tropical America. Schist 1c (shlst'ik), a. Pertaining to or consisting of schist; schistose. Schl zan dra (shi-zSn'dra), n. [From Gr. to cleave, and avrjp, av5poy, a man — the stamens are split.] (Bot.) A genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Magnoliacese. Schl zan thus (shi-z&n/thus), n. (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Scrophulariacess. Schlz o dus (shiz'o-dus), n. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of lamellibranchiate Mollusca, the fossil re- mains of which occur from the upper Silurian to the triasslc rocks. Schlz og na thse (shiz-8g/na-th6), n. pi. [Gr.8 mate (Chess), a simple mode of checkmate, frequently practiced on inexperienced players, in which the skilled player's queen, supported by a bishop, mates the tyro's king in four moves. 1A simple trip, akin to schol- ar's mate at chess.' H. Kingsley. Scho las tic (sko-l&s'tik), n. A novice in the So- ciety of Jesus who is being educated for the priest- hood. School (skOl), ri.'—Common school, the name in the United States for a primary or elementary school, supported by a general tax.—High school, a name of rather indefinite application, denoting generally a school in which a superior education can be ob- tained ; sometimes the chief public school in a town. —Parochial schools, in Scotland, those schools estab- lished in the different parishes, in accordance with legislative enactments, for the purpose of furnish- ing a cheap education for the mass of the people. School (skOl), a. 1* Relating to a school or to ed- ucation ; as, a school custom. 2. Pertaining to the schoolmen; scholastic; as, school divinity; a school divine. School (skOl), n. and a.—School-author, an old name for one of the schoolmen. Latimer calls them school-doctors.—School-board, a body of managers or officers elected by the taxpayers or voters, male and sometimes female, in a town, school district, or parish, co provide adequate means of instruction for every child in the district.—School-book, a book used in school.—School-bred, educated in a school. Cowper.—School-committee, a committee charged with the supervision of schools.—School-divine, one who espouses the scholastic theology; one of the schoolmen.—School-divinity, scholastic divinity or theology.—School-doctor, one of the schoolmen. Lat- imer.—School-inspector, an official appointed by the government to examine schools and determine whether the education conveyed in them is satis- factory. [Eng.]—School-ma'am, a school-mist cess. [New England. J—School-maste¥.—The school-master abroad, a phrase first used by Lord Brougham to express the general diffusion of education and of intelligence resulting from education. The schoolmaster is abroad; and I trust to him, armed with his primer, against the soldier in full military array. * * Brougham. —School-mistress, she who or that which teaches. 'Nature, that exact school-mistress.1 Dry den.— School-room, a room for teaching.—School-ship, a ship equipped with officers, instructors, etc., for the purpose of carrying on a nautical reform school or training school in which boys are apprenticed and educated at state expense, and are trained for the naval service; a training ship. [Local U. S.] Schoon er ( skdn'er ), n. A tall, capacious lager- beer or ale glass, which contains about twice the quantity of an ordinary tumbler. Scho rist (shO'rist), n. A name formerly given to the more advanced students in German Protestant universities who made fags of the younger stu- dents. Schorl ) (shorl), n.—Blue schorl, a variety of Shorl J hauyne.—Red and titanic schorl3 names of rutile.-^ Violet schorl, axinite.— White schorl, al- bite.—Schorl rook, an aggregate of schorl and quartz. Sir C. Lyell. Schor ly (shorl'i), a.—Schorly granite, a granite consisting of schorl, quartz, feldspar, and mica. Sir C. Lyell. Schot tlsh ) (shBt'tSsh, shBt'tish, or shot-tlsh'), Schottische ) n. [G. schottische, Scottish.] A dance performed by a lady and gentleman, resem- bling a polka; also, the music suited for such a dance; it is f time. Sclirightet (shrgt), v. i. See Shbiqhte. Schwein furth-green (shwTu'fvjrt-grSn), n. A beautiful and velvety green, highly poisonous pig- ment, prepared by boiling together solutions of arsenious acid and acetate of copper: so called from Schweinfurth in Bavaria, where it was first made. Scl a dpp i tys (sl'a-dOp" it-Is), n. [Gr. a/ciat, (sklftv), n. 1* A member of the Sclavonic Sclave ) family of peoples ; a Slave. 2« The language of the Sclaves. Scla vo nian(skla-vO ni-an), > a. Relating to the Sclavonic (skla-vOn'ik), J Sclaves or Slaves or their language. Written also Slavonian and Sla- vonic. Scle ran thus (skle-rfiu'thus), n. (Bof.) Knawel, a genus of plants belonging to the nat. order Scle- ranthacete. Scle ren ce plia 11 a (BklS'ren-se-fa'H-a), n. [Gr. ok Arjpos, hard, and e'yKe'^aAo?, the brain.] (Med.) In- duration or hardening "of the brain. Scle ren chy ma ) (skle-rfin'ki-ma), n. [Gr. Skle ren cliy ma J o-kAtjp^ hard, and eyxvfie, infusion.] '1 • The calcareous tissue of which a coral is com- posed. 2* (Bot.) The hard woody fiber of plants. Scle ret in ite (skle-rgt 'in-It), n. [Gr. oxAijpd?, hard, and pijTtVrj, resin.] (il/iw.) A Dlack, hard, brittle mineral resin, nearly allied to amber, found in the coal formation in drops and pellets. Scle ri a sis (skle-rl as-is), n. [Gr. oTeAijpd?, hard.] .(Med.) Any hard tumor or induration. Dunglison. Scle rites (sklSrltz), n. pi. [Gr oxAifpo?, hard.] The calcareous spicules which are scattered in the soft tissue* of certain Actinozoa. Scler o toase(skl5r'o-bas or 8kl6'ro-bas),n. (ZoOl.) The horny axis or stem of a coral. Scler o ba sic (skl6r/o-bas"ik or skie'ro-bSs^ik), a. [Gr. o-kAtjpos, hard, and jSdcrt?, a base.] (Zo6l.) Ap- plied to a coral which is produced by the outer sur- face of the integuments in certain Actinozoa (e. g. red coral), and forms a solid axis which is invested by the soft parts of the animal. It is termed foot secretion by Dana. Scler o derm (skl8ro-d6rm or sklS'ro-dGrm), n. (ZoOl,) The corallum deposited between the tissues of certain Actinozoa. Se« Sclerodermic, 2. Scleroderma (skl6r o-d6r"ma or sklS'ro-dSr"- ma), n. (Med.) Induration of the cellular tissue. Sclerodermic (sklSr/o-der//mik), ) a 1. Scler o derm ous (skl6r/o-d6r//mas), J {Ichth.) Of or relating to a scleroderm; having a hard, rough skin. 2« (ZoOl.) Applied to the corallum which is de- , posited between the tissues of certain Actinozoa, be- 750 insr secreted apparently by the inner layer of the ectoderm, aud is called tissue secretion by Dana. . Scler o der mite / (6kler'o-der'mIt or eklS'ro- Sklcr o der mite J der"mlt),n. (ZoOl.) (a)Same as Scleroderm (which see). (6) The hard calcare- ous skeleton of a crustacean. Scler o gen i dae (skl2r'o-j§n"i-d(5 or sklB'ro-jen"- i-dS), ». pi. (Ichth.) A family of acanthopterygious . teleostean fishes distinguished tiy having the cheeks mailed or defended by spines o • scaly plates of hard matter. * Called also Triglidce. Scle roid (skle'roid), a. [Gr. o-kAtjpo?, hard, and etSo?, appearance.] (Bot.) Having a hard texture. Scle ro ma (s?kle-r0'ma or ekle'ro-ma), n. (Med.) . Induration of the cellular tissue^ Dunglison. Scle rom e ter (sl*ie-r0m et-er), n. [Gr. o-KArjpos, hard, aud /xerpof, a measure.] An instrument for accurately determining the degree of hardness of a mineral. Scler opli thai mi a (sklSr 'of-thai'7 mi-a), n. Gr. ckAijpos, hard, and 60aA/xds, the eye.] (Med.) a) A small inflammatory tumor which exhibits it- self near the free edge of the eyelids; a 6ty. (b) Cancer of the eye. Scle ro sis (skle-rO'sis), n. (Med.) Induration of the cellular tissue^ etc.; hardening. [Sc/erosta of the brain or spinal cord, chiefly arising from an increase of neuroglia, is present in some diseases. J Scle ro skel e toil (skle 'ro-skPl e-ton or skier '- o-skSl e-ton), n. [Gr.aKAijpo?, hard, and Eng. skele- ton.'} (Anat.) (a) A name given to bones devel- oped in tendons, ligaments, etc., as in a turkey's leg. (6) The hardened or ossified fibrous and ten- dinous tissues enclosing and protecting certain or- gans. Owen. Scle ros to ma (skle-rBs'tcyna), n. [Gr. o-KArjpo?, hard, oro/aa, the mouth.] (ZoOl.) A genus of para- sitic worms belonging to the order Nematoidea (thrend-worms or round-worms), one species of which (S. duodenale) inhabits the small intestine in the human body. Sclerotitis (skler'o-tl"^ or skl<3 ro-tl'tis), n. (Pathol.) Inflammation of the sclerotic coat of the eye. Scle rous (sklS'rfis), a. [Gr.otcAtjpos, hard.] Hard; hardened, as tendinous tissue ; bony; as, sclerous structure. Dana. Scob by (skQb'H, n. (Ornith.) A familiar name for the common chaffinch. [Eng.] Sco bi na (sko-bl'na). n. [Lat., a rasp or file.j (Bot.) The immediate support to the 6pikelets of grasses. Scolet (skOlor skOl'e), ». School. Chaucer. Scole t (skOl or skol'e), v. i. To attend school. Chaucer. Sco lec i da (sko-lSs'i-da or sko-15'si-da), ». pi. [From Gr. ». A kind of thin cake made of Scone (skOn), V wheat flour or barley meal. [Sc.] Sconce (skOns), n. 1. (Arch.) Same as Sconcheon (which see). 2* A piece or fragment of an ice-floe. Kane. Scon cl^eon (skSn'shun), ». (Arch.) The portion of the side of an aperture, from thebackofthe jamb or reveal to the interior of the wall. Gwilt. Scon ner (skftn'er), v. i. To nauseate ; to loathe ; to scunner. [Scotch.] Burns. SCOUBAGE Scon ner (ekSn'er). n. Loathing; scunner. [Ss.) E'urn-3. Scoop (sk5p), n. 1. A sort of pan for hoMing coals 'f a coal-scuttle. 2. (Stock Exchange.) A cant term for a sudden breaking down of prices of stocks for the purpose of buying them at cheaper rates, followed by a rise. Scoop er (skdp'er), ». Specifically, a tool used by engravers on wood for cleaning out the wbite parts of a block. It somewhat resembles a small chteel,. but is rounded underneath instead of being flat. Sco pel i dae (sko-pel'i-de^ n. pi. (Ichth.) A fam- ily of acanthopterygious (^Tleostean) fishes,, nearly allied to the salmon family, and formerly forming part of It. Sorae are h<2ld in high esteem for their flavor. Sco pif er ous '^ko-pIfer-Qs ), a. [Lat. scopa, a bru^h, and fero, tt> haar.J Furnished with one or more dense brushes Oi hdxr. Sco pus (skG'pus), n. [Or. o-Kon-o?, a sentinel.] (Ornith.) A genus of wading birds, natives of Afri- ca. The S. umbrettas or crested umber, is a bird about the size of a crow. - Score (skOr), n.—Close, corjpressed, or short score (M«s.). a method of writing cor^reted vecal music on two clefs.—Full score tyMusT), a score in vn. i. [Fr. escrimerJ To fence. ' Scryming and fencing with his point.'" Kingsley Scud (skfid), v. i. To run quickly and lightly. Foam-flakes scud along the level sand. Tennyson Scud der (ek&d'er), n. One who scuds. Scud dick, (skud'ik), n. 1. Anything of small va! ue. Halliweli 2. A shilling. - [Slang. Eng.] Scud dy (skud i), n. A naked infant or young child [Scotch.] Scud lar (skfid'lar), n. A scullion. [Scotch.] Scuff (skuf), v. i. To walk without raising the feet from, or so that they graze, the ground or floor; to shuffle. ScuflT (skQf), v. t. To graze gently; to pass with a slight touch. [Scotch.] Scult (skfift), n. [Also written Scuff; comp. IceT skoft, Goth, skufts, hair.] Same as Scruff. Mrs. Gaskeh. Scnl dud der y (skul-dfid'er-i), n. [Scotch.] 1 • Fornication or adultery. Notation: ft, 6,1, 0, tl, long; &, 8,1, 0, fi, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; fftr, fgll, f^et, cAre; h&r, mOve, or; bull, a, Fr.; fi, Fr., ton; 0n this Pa&e will be found words, pbrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SCULL 2* Grossness; obscenity. Ramsay. * Soulduddery Bancs.' Sir W. Scott. Scull (skill), n. A large shallow basket without a bow handle, used lor carrying fruit, potatoes, fish, etc. [Scotch.] jScull ton (skul'yun),». A name given to a sort of imperfect onion. Sculpt ur al ly (ekfilp'tflr-al-ll), adv. By means of sculpture. The qaaint beauty and character of many natural ob- jects. .. .i9 sculpturally expressible. Runkin. Scum ble (skum'bl), n* (Painting.) The toning down of a picture by ead colors. 4 A drawing brought to a sharp edge or a scumble.' T. H. Lister. Scum mer (pktim'er), n. He who or that which scums; specifically, an instrurr ent used for taking off the scum of liquors ; a skimmer. Ray. Scun cbeon (skiin'shun), n. The stones orarches thrown across the angles of a square tower to sup- port the alternate sides of the octagonal spire; also, the crosH pieces of timber across the angles to give strength and firmness to a frame. Scun ner (skOn'er), v. i. [A Scotch word: A. Sax. ecunian, to shun, onscunian, to shun, to loathe.J 1. To loathe; to nauseate; to feel disgust. %• To startle at anything from doubtfulness of miud ; to shrink baok from fear. Scun ner (skfin'er), v. t. To affect with loathing, disgust, or nausea; to satiate. 4Scunnered wi' sweets.' [Scotch.] Kingsley. Scunner (sk&n'er), n. Loathing; abhorrence. [Scotch.] Scup (skup), v. i. To swing. [New York.} Scup per nong (skiip'er-nOng), n. The name for a species of grape, supposed to be a variety of Vitls vulpinacultivated and found wild in the Southern States from Virginia to Florida. It is said to have come from Greece. Scur ry (skfir'ri), n. Hurry ; haste; impetuosity. [Prov. Eng.] Scutch, er (sklich'er), n. Same as Soutch. Scu tel la (sku-teria), n. pi. Scu tel Ice (sku-tSl'- 15). [Lat., a salver, dim. of avutra, a tray.J (Or- nith.) One of the horny plates with which the feet of birds are generally more or less covered, espe- cially in front. Sen tel la rl a (sk(l'tel-lfl"ri-a), n. [Lat. acutella, a salver, in allusion to the form of the calyx.] (JBof.) A genus of herbaceous annuals or perennials, na- tives of mauy different parts of the world, natl or- der Labi at®. Scu tel II dee (Bku-tgl'i-de), n. pi. [Lat. acutella,a saucer, and Gr. u>, to describe.] A method of lay- ing down the sections of engineering work, as rail- ways, and the like. It is performed by using the line of direction laid down on the plan as a datum- line, the cuttings being plotted on the upper part and the embankments upon the lower part of the line. Sect ism (sgkt'izm), n. Sectarianism; sect-feeling; devotion to a sect. TR.] Sect ist (sekt'ist), n. One favorable or devoted to a sect; a sectarian. [R.] Sect ive (sekflvj.a. Same as Sectile. Sect-mas ter (sgktf'm^s'ter), n. The leader of a sect. [R.] Sec toral (sSk'tor-al), a.—Sectoral barometer, an instrument in which the height of the mercury is ascertained by observing the angle at which it is necessary to incline the tube in order to bring the mercury to a certain mark on the instrument. Sec to ri al (sek-tO'ri-al), a. Adapted or intended for cutting: 6aid of the form of the cutting teeth, as the fourth premolars of certain animals, called also scissor teeth, from their working against each other like 8cissoi>blade8. Sec u lar (sek'u-ler), n. (Eccl.) An ecclesiastic not bound by monastic rules; a secular priest. Sec u lar ist (sek'fl-ler-ist), n. ^One given to sec- ularism ; one who is opposed to every form of re- ligious faith or religious worship, and accepts only the facts and influences which are met with in the present life; one who refuses to believe, on the au- thority of the revelation, in anything external to man's present state of existence ; also, one who op- poses the introduction of religion in the education- al and other matters of civil policy. Se cun do-gen i ture (se-kiin/do-j6n''i-tflr), n. I Lat. secundus, second, and genitura, a begetting, birth, or generation.] The rightc f inheritance ap- pertaining to a second son; the possessions thus in- herited. The kingdom of Naples... .was constituted a secundo- geniture of Spain. Bancroft. Se de fen den do ( eS dS'fen-dgn ;/do ). [Lat.] (Law.) In defending himself, the plea of a person charged with slaying another that he committed the act in his own defense. Se dig 1 tat ed (se-dlj'i-t&t-ed), a. [Lat. sedigitus, having six fingers—sex, six, and digitus, a finger.} Having six fingers on one or on both hands. Darwin. Sed i men ta tion (egd't-men-tfl'-ehun), n. The deposition of sediment; the accumulation of earthy sediment to form strata. There must have been a complete continuity of life, and a more or less complete continuity of sedimentO' tion, from the Laurentian period to the present day. H.*A. Nicholson. Sed rat (sgd'rSt), ». (Mohammedan Myth.) The lotus-tree which stands on the right side of the in- visible throne of Allah. Each seed of its firuit con- tains a houri, and two rivers issue from its roots. Innumerable birds carol in its branches, which ex- ceed in width the distance between heaven and earth, and numberless angels rest in their shade. Se due tress (se-dfik'tres), n. A female seducer} a female who leads astray. Sec (eS), v. t. To wait upon ; to escort; to attend; as, to see a lady home.—To see out, to see or hear to the end ; to stay or endure longer than. I had a mind to see him out. Addison. —God you see or God him see, may God keep you or him in his sight. See (66), v. i.—To see tos (a) to look at; to behold. 'An altar by Jordan, a great altar to see to.' Josh, xxii. 10. [Obsolete in this sense.] (6) To be atten- tive to; to look after; to take care of. ' She her- self had seen to that.1 Tennyson.—See to it% look well to it; attend; consider; take care. See (s6), interj, ho 1 observe 1 look 1 behold I Notation: R, 6,1, 0,11, long; ti, short; & e, J,®, u, obscure; fftr, f&Il, f*st, cAre; hdr, mOve, or; byll, tt, Fr.; fi,Fr., ton { On this page will "be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SEED fkjed (sCd), n.—Seed-basket (Ag/ie.), ft basket for holding tbe seed to be sown.—Seed-bed, a piece of ground prepared for receiving seed.—Seed-crusher, an instrument for crushing seed for the purpose of expressing oil.—Seed-down, the down on vegeta- ble seeds.—Seed-sheet, the sheet containing the 6eed which a 60wer carries with him. Carlyle. Seed 1 ness (sgd i-nes), n. State or quality of be- ing seedy ; shabbiness ; state of being miserable, wretched, or exhausted. Seedinens after a debauch. Prof. Blackie. Seed less (sgd'les), a. Destitute of seed. Seed ling (sgd'ling), a. Produced from tbe seed; as, a seedling flower. - Seed y^sgd'i), a. 1« Worn-out; shabby; meanly dressed ; poor and miserable-looking; as, he had a seedy look ; a seedy hat. [Said to be from the look of a plant whose petals have fallen off, thereby dis- closing the naked ovary.] [Colloq.] Seedy vagabonds. Dickens. 2, Feeling or appearing wretched, as after a de- bauch. TColloq.] leekeV }(sak)i°- SIct- Chancer. Seek-no-fur tber (sgk^no-fdr'ther), n. A name given to an early apple streaked with red, and hav- ing an agreeable acid flavor. [Colloq. U. S.] Seem (sgm), v. i.—It seems, used sarcastically or ironically to condemn the thing mentioned, like forsooth; as, this, it seems, is to be my task. For- merly seem was often used impersonally in such phrases as me seems, him seemed, 4 the people seemed' [it seemed to the people]. Chaucer. Bence meseems as a single word. f3eep (sgp), v. i. To flow through pores ;*to ooze or drain gently; to Pipe. [Scotch and U. S.] Seep (sgp), v. U To drain or strain. [Scotch and' U. S.J Seep y (sgp'i), o. Oozing; oozy; full of moisture; specifically applied to land not properly drained. [Scotch and U. S.] Seer (sgr), n. A weight which varies all over India; in Bengal there are forty seers to a maund, which is about 74 pounds avoirdupois. See-saw (sg's&), v. t. To cause to move in a see, saw manner. He see-saws himself to and fro. Lord Lytton. Seett (s3t), pret. Sat. Chaucer. Seethe (sefti), v. t. To soak; to steep and soften in liquor. Seethed in drink. D. Jerrold. Seg ment (seg ment), n.—Segment-gear (Mech.), a curved, cogged surface occupying but an arc of a circle.— Segment-saw^ (o) a saw which cuts stuff in- to segmental shapes. (6) A veneer saw whose active perimeter consists of a number of segments at- tached to a disc. (o) (Surg. ) A nearly circular plate of steel serrated on the edge, and fastened to a hand- le ; used in operations on the bones of the crani- um, etc.—Segment-shell (Artillery), an elongated shell consisting of a body of iron coated with lead apd built up internally with segment-shaped pieces of iron, which, offering the resistance of an arch against pressure from without, are easily separated by the very slight bursting charge within, thereby retaining most of their original direction and ve- locity after explosion.—Segment-wheel, a wheel a part of whose periphery only is utilized. Seg ment (sSg'ment), v. t. To separate or divide into segments; as, a segmented cell. Seg ment (sgg'ment), v. i. To divide or become, divided or split up into negments; specifically (Physiol.) applied to a mode of reproduction by semi-fission or budding. Before this occurs, however, if it does not divide, the vegetal unit segments or buds. Bastian. Seg ment al (seg-mSnt'al), a.—Segmental organs, certain organs placed at the sides of the body in Annelides, and connected with excretion. $eg men ta tion (s6g/men-ta/'shun), n. (Physiol.) The mode of division or furrowing which charac- terizes the original egg-cell during the process of development. Seg ment ed (s6g'ment-ed), a. Separated into, or consisting of, segments. Sesrjio (sfln'yO or sgn'yP), n. [It., sign.] (Mm.) A sign or mark used in notation in connection with repetition, abbreviated Al segno, to the sign, is a direction to return^to the sign.—Dai segno, from the sign, is a direction to repeat from the sign. Se gre ant (sg'gre-ant), a. (Her.) A term applied to a griflin when standing upon Jts hind-legs, with the wings elevated and endorsed. Seg re gate (sgg're-Kat). v. i. To separate or go apart; specifically (Crystallog.), to separate from a mass and collect about centers or lines of fracture. Seg re ga tion (s£g're-ga"shun), n. (Mining.) A mass of ore of definite limit but irregular in form. Seg ne (sgg'wS). [It., it follows ; Lat. sequor, to follow. 1 (Afus.) A word which, prefixed to a part, denotes that it is immediately to follow the last note of the preceding movement. Se gal dll la (sS'gi-dgl"ya or s6g'i.dSl"ya), ». A ' Spanish form of versification; a merry Spanish tune. Written also Seguidille. The common people still sung their lively seguidillas. Selgh t (sa),pret of se. Saw. Chaucer. Seignloralty ( sBn'yer-al-ti), ». The power, government, or territory, of a seignior. _ eb,cfcain; q,go\ j,^ob; ng, tfln?; gjff On this page will be found words, cestei'e Dictionaries. 754 Selgn lor y (sSn'yer-i), n. The municipal author- ities of Italian republics during the middle ages; the seigniory. , Lowell. Seine-fish er ( sen"fish/er ), n. One who fishes with a seine; a seiner. Selp (sgp), v. i. To ooze; to leak. [Scotch.] Seir-fish (sgr''fish), ». (Jchth.) A fish of the genus Cybium (C. guttatum), family Scomberidae, bearing a close resemblance to the salmon in size and form as well as in flavor of its flesh. It is one of the most valuable fishes of the East Indian seas. Seismic (sls'mik),} a. [Gr. o-eur^o?, an eartfc- Seis mal (sls'mal), J quake, fromcetw, to shake.] Of, relating to, or resulting from, an earthquake.— The seismic area, the tract on the earth's surface •Within which an earthquake is felt.—Seismic vertic- al, the point upon the earth's surface directly over the center of energy or focal point, whence the earthquake's impulse originates, or the vertical line which connects these two points. Seis mo graph (sls'mo-gr&f), n. [Gr. u>, to write.] An electro mag- netic instrument for registering the force, move- ments, and shocks of earthquakes. Sels mo graph ic (siVmo-grafik), a. Relating to seismography; indicated by a seismograph; as, seismographic charts. „ Page. Seismography (els-mOg'ra-fl), n. A descrip- tion or account of earthquakes ; the art of register- ing the shocks and undulatory motions of earth- quakes. Seis mol o gist (sTs-mSl'o-jist), ? n. A student of, Seis mo logue (sls'mo-lOg), J or one versed in, seismology. 4Our leading seismologist, Mallet.' Proctor. The labor of future seismologues, Jt. Mallet. Sels mol o gy (sJs-mOl'o-ji), n. [Gr, treta/mos, an earthquake, and Aoyos, discourse.] The science of earthquakes ; that department of science which treats of volcanoes and earthquakes. Sels mom e try (sls-mOm'et-ri), ». The measure- ment of the force and direction of earthquakes, etc.; the art or practice of using the seismometer. Seis mo scope (sls'mo-skOp), n. [Gr. cret• . (Mining.) A term applied to a thin layer of earthy matter lying between a vein and its walls, or that separates the lode from the wall-rock. Spelled also Selvedge. Se mapb o risf (se-m&f'o-rist), n. One who has charge of, or operates, a semaphore. ' Se mei ol o gy ? (sS'mi-Ol^o-ji or s6m/i-61//o-ji),».! Se mi ol o gy > The art or science of making signals or of signaling. Sem es£ (sem-gs'), a. [Lat. semi, half, and esua, eaten, from edo, esum, to eat.] Half-eaten. [R.] The semese fragments of the high table. Farrart arure; oo, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-SEMI-ACID '»em I-ac id (sgm'i-&s"id), a. Half-aoid; moder- ately sour; subacid. Sem i-an gle (s6m'i-ang"gl or s6m//i-&ng/gl), ». The half of a given or measuring angle. Sem I-at tached. (sSm'i-at-tiScht"), a. Partially attached or united; partially bound by affection, 'nterest, or special preference of any kind. We would have been semi-attached as it were. Thackeray. —Semi-attached house, one of two houses joined to- gether, but both standing apart from others. Sem i-bull (sgm'i-b\il), n. (Eccl.) A bull issued by a pope between the time of his election and that of his consecration. A semi-bull has on 1 y an impres- sion on one side of the seal. After the consecration the name of the pope and date are stamped oil the reverse, thus constituting a double bull. Semi-circle (sem'^-ser^l), n. A mathematical instrument used in measuring angles; a graphomo- tor. Sem i cir cu lar (sgm'i-s6r"kfl-ler), a.—Semicir- cular canals (Anat.), the name given, from their figure, to three canals belonging to the organ of hearing, situated in the petrous portion of the tem- poral bone, and opening into the vestibule. Sem i cirque (s6m'i-serk), n. A semicircle; a semicircular hollow. 'The semicirgue of wooded bills.' Fraser^s Mag. Sem i-dem 1-sem i quaver (sSm'i-dSm'i-sem"- i-kwa'ver), n. (Mus.} A note of half the dura- — tion of a demi-semiquaver; the sixty-fourth ^ part of a seinibreve. ^ Semi-de taclied (sgm'i-de-tScht"), a. Partly separated: applied to one of two houses which are detached from other buildings, and joined together by a single party-wall; as. a semi-detached villa. Sem i-di ur nal (sSm'i-dl Gr 'nal), a.-^-Semi-diur- nal arc (Astron.), the arc described by a heavenly body in half the time between its rising and set- ting. Sem i-dome (sSm'i-dOro), n. ITalf a dome, espe- cially as formed by a ve» ta s.l section. Sem i-flexed (sgm i-flek. r», a. Half-bent. Semi-ligneous (scn.'j-lig 'ne-iis), a. Half or partially ligneous or woo<>y; specifically (Bot.) applied to a stem which is woody at the base and herbaceous at the top, as the common rue, sage, and thyme Semi lor (sgm'l-lor), n. [Prefix semi, half, and Fr. Vor, gold.] An alloy, consisting of five parts of copper and one of zinc, used for manufacturing cheap jewelry, etc. Sem i lu nar (s6m'i-]fl"ner), a. [Fr. sSmtlunaire —Lat. semi, half, and luna, the moon.]—Semilunar cartilages {Anat.), two fibro-cartilages which exist between the condyles of the os femoria and the ar- ticulate surfaces of the tibia.— Semilunar ganglia (4na«.), the ganglia formed by the great sympa- thetic nerve on its entrance into the abdomen, from which nerves are seut into all the viscera.—Semilu- nar notch (Anat.), an indentation in the form of a half-moon between the coracoid process and the su- perior border of the scapula.—Semilunar valves {Anat.), the three valves at the beginning of the pulmonary artery and aorta: so named from their ^.lf-moon shape. Sem i-meni bra nous (s?m 1-mSm^bra-nus), a. (Anat.) Half or partially membranous, applied to a muscle of the thigh, from the long flat membrane- like tendon at its upper part. It serves to bend the leg. Sem I-men stru al (sgm'i-mgn"str5-al), a. [Lat. semi, half, and mensti'ualis, monthly.] Half-month- ly ; specifically applied to an inequality of the tide which goes through its changes every half-month. Sem i na ry i-na-ri),a. Traiued or educated in a foreign seminary: said of a Roman Catholic priest. * All Jesuits, seminary priests, and other priests.* Eallnm. Seminole (sgm'i-n&l), ». and a, [Amer. Indian, wild, reckless.] One of, or belonging to, a tribe of American Indians, originally a vagrant offshoot from the Creeks. They gave great trouble to the settlers in Georgia and Florida, and after a tedious war the remains of the tribe were removed to the Indian Territory beyond the Mississippi. Sem i-oc ca sion al ly (sgm'i-ok-kS 'zhun-al-Ii), adv. Not very often: once in a great while; but rarely. [Colloq. U. 8.] S^m i-offi ci al ( sem'i-of-fIsh/,al), a. Invested with some degree of official authority; half-official. Sem i-plan ti grade (s€m' i-plan" ti-grSd), a. (ZoOl.) Applied to certain families of mammals, as the Viverrid® or civets, and the Mustelidse or wea- sels, in which a portion of the sole of the hind-feet at least is applied to the ground in walking. Sem i-Qui et 1st (sSm'i-kwr'et-ist), n. (Eccl.) One of a sect of mystics who, while maintaining with the Quietists that the most perfect state of the soul is Eassive contemplation, yet maintains the incompati- ility of this state with any external sinful or sen- sual action. Sem i-Sax on (s6m//i-sfiks'on or -sSks'n), n. The English language spoken during the period extend- ing from 1150 to 1250. The Saxon noun-inflections were still partly retained, but all 'the characteristic " vowel terminations were changed into e. Sem i-sep tate (s8m/i-sSp"tat), a. (Bob) Half- ' partitioned; having a dissepiment which does not project into the cavity to which it belongs safisisat- ly to cut it off into two separate cells. 75 £ Sem i*smlle ( sSm'i-smll ), n. A half laugh; a forced grin. 1A doleful and doubtful semi-smile of welcome.' Lord Lytton. Semi-spinal (sgm^i-spfnal), a. (Anat.) Ap- plied to two muscles connected with the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebrae. Sem i-steel (sem'i-stgl), n. A name given to pud- dled steel. [U.S.] Sem ite (sem'it) n. A descendant of Shem; one of the Semitic race. See under Semitic. Written also Shemiie. Sem ite (sem'it), a. Of or belonging to Shem or his descendants. Written also Shemite. Sem i ten di nose (sem'i-ten'din-Oz), a. (Anat.) Applied to a muscle situated obliquely along the back part of the thigh. It assists in bending the leg, and at the same time draws ita little inward. Se mit ic (se-mit'ik), a.—Semitic or Shemitic lan- guages, an important group or family of languages distinguished by triliteral verbal roots and vowel inflection. It comprises three branches—Northern, Aramaean, Aramaic or Chaldean; Central or Canaan- itish; and Southern or Arabic. These have been subdivided as follows:—(1) Aramaean, including > Eastern and Western Aramaean; the Eastern embra- ces the Assyrian, the Babylonian, from which sev- eral dialects originated, as the Chaldaic, the Syro- Chaldaic, and the Samaritan. The Western Aramaean includes the Syriac dialect, the Palmyrene, and the Sabian idiom, a corrupted Syriac dialect. (2) Ca- naanitish comprises the Phoenician language, with its dialect the Punic or Carthaginian, and the He- brew with the Rabbinic dialect. (3) Arabic proper, from which originated the Ethiopian or Abyssinian. Sem it ism ( sem'it-izm), n. A Semitic idiom or Word; the adoption of what is peculiarly Semitic. Sem mit (sgm'mit), w. [Perhaps a contr. of Fr. chemisette.1 An undershirt, generally woolen. [Scotch.] Sem no pi tlie ens (sem/no-pi-th§"kus), n. [Gr. cre/ixvos, august, venerable, and iri0r}Kos, an ape.] (ZoOl.) A genus of catarhine.or Old World apes, having long 6lender tails, well-developed canine teeth, and tuberculate molars. One of the most familiar species, S. Enteflus, the sacred monkey of the Hindus, is of a grayish or grayish-brown color, with black hands, feet, and face. All the species are natives of Asia and Asiatic islands. Sem o li na (*em'o-le' na or eem'o-lI//na), n. [It. • semolino.'} A name given to the large hard grains retained in the bolting-machine after the fine flour has been passed through it. It is of various degrees of fineness, and is often made intentionally in con- siderable quantities, being a favorite food in France. It is used for bread, puddings, and the like. Sem pie (sem'pl), a. Simple : low-born; of mean birth : opposed to gentle. [Scotch.] Sem pre ( eem'prS). [ It. J ( Mus. ) Always or throughout. Sem p stry-worl£ ( sgmp'stri-werk ), n. Needle- work : sewing. . Henry Brooke. Sen (san), ) n. A copper coin of Japan, of which Se nl (sit'ni), J . 600 equal a tael. Se na tus (se-nS'tus), n. [Lat.] A senate ; a gov- erning body in certain universities.—Senatus aca- Qemicus, one of the governing bodies in Scotch uni- versities.—Senatus consultum, a decree of the an- cient Roman senate, pronounced on some question or point of law. Sen d (send),». (Naut.) The motion of the waves, or the impetus given by th«ir motion. Sen e bi e ra (sen'e-bl-e//ra), «. [In honor of John de Senebieri of Geneva, a vegetable physiologist.] (Bo<.) A genus of plants, nat. order Crucifer®; sometimes called Coronopus. S. Coronopus (com- mon wart-cress) is a native of Europe and North America, and was formerly eaten as a salad. S. nilo- tica is eaten as a salad in Egypt. Se ne ci o (se-nS'shi-o), ». [From Lat. senex, an old man; the receptacle is naked and resembles a bald head.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, known by the common names of groundsel and ragwort. Se nec ti tilde (.se-nec'ti-tud), n. [Lat. \enectus, old age, from senex, old.] Old age. ' Senectitude, weary of its toils.' [R.] H.Miller. Sen ior i ty (sCn-ySr'i-ti), n. An assembly or court consisting of the senior fellows of a college. [Eng.] Sen na (s^n'na), ».—Bladder senna (Bot.)f the CoU utea arborescens, a native of the south of Europe, and employed to adulterate blunt-leaved senna.— Scorpion senna (Bot.), the Coronilla Emerus, a na- tive of the south of Europe. Seiior (sen-yOr'), n. A Spanish title or form of ad- drees, corresponding to the English Mr. or sir; a gentleman. S£nora (sen-ycVra), ». The feminine of Seflor; madame or Mrs.; a lady. Sens t (s5ns), adv. Since. Spenser. Sen sa tion (sen-s5'sbun), n. 1* That which pro- duces sensation or excited interest or feeling. * The greatest sensation of the day ; the grand incantation ecene of the Freischtitz.» London Times. 2» Only as much of anything as can be perceived by the senses; a very small quantity; as, a sensa- tion ot brandy. [Slang.]—The word is often used as an adjective in the sense of causing excited in- terest or feeling; as, sensation novels, drama, ora- tory, etc.—Sensation novels, novels that produce their effect by exciting and often improbable situ- ation*, by taking as their groundwork some dread- fid secret, some atrocions crime, or the like, and SEPARATE painting scenes of extreme peril, high-wrought gtes- eion, etc. o Sen sa tion al (sen-sfi'shun-al),a. Producing sen- sation or excited interest or emotion ; intended to produce effect; melodramatic; startling; trashy said of that kind of oratory or literature which ap- peals merely to the emotions or passions.. Sensationalist ( sen.sS'shun-al-ist), n. (Me- taph.) A believer in or upholder of the doctrine of sensationalism or sensualism. Sometimes used ad- jectivally. A sensationalist school. Farrar. Sen sa tion a ry (sen-sa'shun-a-ri), a. Possessing or relating to sensation; sensational. Sense-ry llim (sens'rlthm or Fgn&'rithm), n. An arrangement of words characteristic of Hebrew poetry, in which the rhythm consists not in a rise and fall of accent or quantity of syllables, but in e . pulsation of sense rising and falling through the parallel, antithetic, or otherwise balanced members of each verse ; parallelism. Prof. W. It. Smith. Sensiiacicnt (sen/si-fa//shent or -f^''shi-ent),| a. [Lat. sensas, sense, and facio, to make.] Pro-1j ducing sensation; converting an impression transji xnitted by the nerves into sensation; sensific. Huxley Sen sif er ous ( sen-sffer-us ), a. Conveying or imparting sensation. 'Sensi/erous organs.* Huxley. Sen sif i ca to ry (sen-slfi-ka-to-ri), a. Sensifa- cient; sensific. , Huxley. Sen sig e nous ( sen-sTj'e-nQs ), a. [Lat. sensus, sense, and Gr. yevvau), to beget.] Originating or causing sensation. ' The sensitiye subject, the sen- sigenous object.' Huxley. Sens ist ( sgns^st), n. (Met.) One who holds the theory that ail our ideas are solely derived through our senses ; a sensationalist. Sensitive ( sen'si-tlv ), a. I. (Physics.) Deli- cate ; easily afiEected or moved ; as, a sensitive bal- ance ; a sensitive thermometer. 2* (Chem. and Photog.) Easily affected by the action of appropriate agents; as sensitive paper. 3»- Relating to the senses or to sensation; de- pending on or associated with, sensation; as, sensi- tive muscular motions excitedby irritation.—Sensi- tive flames (Physics), flames which are easily af- fected by sounds, being made to lengthen out or contract, or change, their form in various ways. The most sensitive flame is produced in burning gas issuing from a small taper jet. Such a flame will be affected by very small noises, as the ticking of a watch held near it or the clinking of coins 100 feet off. The gas must be turned on so that the flame is just at the point of roaring. Sen si tive-plant (sen'si-tlv-plSnt), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants which display move- ments of their leaves in a .remarkable degree, not only under the influence of light and darkness, but also under mechanical .and other stimuli. The com- mon sensitive plant is a tropical American legumi- nous annual of the genus Mimosa (M. pudica). 111. PI. 17, Fig. 18. Sen si tiv i ty (p§n/Fi-tIv//i-ti), n. 1* (Chem.. and Photog.) The state of being readily affected by tho action of appropriate agents; as, the sensitivity of prepared paper, £. (Physiol.) That property of living parts by which they are capable of receiving impressions by means of the nervous sy&tem ; sensibility. Sen si tize (sgn'si-tlz),r. t. pret. and pp. sensitizedj ppr. sencitizing. To render sensitive or capable of being acted on by the actinic rays of the sun; as, to sensitize paper or to sensitize a plate: a term in pho- tography, etc. Sen si tized (sgn'si-tlzd), p. a. Rendered sensi- tive ; as, a sensitized plate. Sen si to ry (een'si-to-ri), n. Same as Sensory. Sensit al ist ic (sen/sh6-al-Ist,'ik),o. 1. Relating or inclined to sensuality; sensual. 2. (Metaph.) Relating to, characterized by, or upholding the doctrine of, sensualism ; as, sensual- istic opinions. Sen tence (sen'tens), n. f Sense; meaning; signif- icance. 'The discourse full of sentence.' Milton. Sentience (sCu'shi-ens or sen'shens), )n. 1. Sen ti en cy (s5n'shi-eu-si or ePn'sheu-si), > The state of being sentient; perception; feeling. 1 Sen- tience or feeling.' Nature. 2» The state of being capable of sensation as dis- tinguished from perception ; capacity for sensation. Gr. H. Lewes. Sen ti ent (s£n'shi-ent or s^n'shent), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to those parts which are more sus- ceptible of feeling than others; as, the sentient ex- tremities of the nerves, etc. Sen ti ment (sen'ti-ment),w>. 1* (Fine Arts.) The leading idea which has governed the general con- ception of a work of art, or which makes itself visi- ble to the eye and mind of the spectator through the work of the artist. Fairholt. 2» (Phren.) A term employed to designate the second division of the moral or affective faculties of the mind, the first being termed propensities. Sen tine t (sSn'tin, sen-ten' orsSn tin),n. [Lat, sen- tina, a sink.] A place into which dregs, dirt, etc., are thrown; a sink. 4A stinking sentine of all vices.' Latimer. Sep a hi (sgp'a-hi), n. A sipabi; a sepoy. Sep a rate (sep'a-rSt), v. i. To cleave; to open; a", the parts of a substance separate by drying. IToTATXOir: X, 8,1,0, tl, loaf; it, 8, T, 9, t, short; a, s, 1, o, u, obrcurs; *-'1. f?st, cirs; hfcr, move, or; bull, il, Fr.; ft. Fr., ton; em- On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor« cester's Unabridged Dictionaries-SEPARATE Sep a rale (sgp'a-rat), a.—Separate estate, the prop- erty of a married woman, which she holds indepen- dently of her husband's Interference and control.— Separate maintenance, a provision made by a hus- band for the sustenance of his wife, where they have come to a resolution to live separately. Sep a ra trix (sep'a-rfi//triks), n. (Arith.) The point or dot placed at the left of the decimal part of a number, to separate it from the integral; the dec- imal point. Also applied to other marks of separa- tion, as of money, weights, etc., of different denom- inations. Se pic (s6'pik),a. 1. Relating to sepia. 2. Done in sepia, as a drawing. JSe pic o lou's (se-plk'o-lus), a. [Lat. sepes, a hedge, and colo, to inhabit.] (Bot.) Inhabiting or grow- ing in hedgerows. Se pi o stalre ) (sS^pi-o-stfir' or s6/pi-5s"lftr), n. Se ptf<> stare J fOr. arjTTia, a cuttle-fish, and o7rw, to putrefy, and aljua, blood. 1 (Pathol.) Blood-poisoning by absorption into the circulation of poisonous or putrid matter through any surface; putrid infection. Pysemia is a sub-va- riety. Sep tic at ly (sgp'tik-al-li), adv. In a septic man- ner; by means of septics; so as to cause putrefac- tion. Sep tlf erons (sep-tlf'er-fis), a. [Gr. pu- trid matter, and Lat. fero, to bear.] Bearing pu- trid matter; conveying poisonous material into the blood. Sep tile (sgp'tH), a. (Bot.) Of or belonging tosep- ta or dissepiments. Sep till ion (sep-tll'yun), n. [Lat. septem, seven.] (Eng. Notation.) A million raised to the seventh power ; a number consisting of a unit followed by forty-two ciphers. (French and Italian Notation.) A unit followed by twenty-four ciphers. Sep ti mal (sgp'ti-mal), a. [Lat. septimus, seventh, from septem, seven.] Relating to the number seven. Sep ti ma na rian (sgp'ti-ma-na/'ri-au), n. fL. Lat. septimana, a week, from Lat. septem, seven.] A monk on duty for a week in a monastery. Sep ti mole (6ep'ti-m0l), n. (Mus.) A group of seven notes to be played in the time of four or six. Sep tin (sgp'tin), In. [Gr. ai? mov, putrid matter.] Sep sin (sCp'sin), ) A soluble poison resulting from the decomposition of animal matter, as putrefying blood, aud causing septicaemia or blood poisoning f when introduced into the system. Sep ti na ri an (sgp'ti-nii"ri-an), n. Same as Sep- > timnnarian (which see). Sep turn (sgp'tum), n.— Septum cordis (Anat.), the partition between the two ventricles of the heart. Galled also Septum ventriculorum.— Septum auric- ularum (Anat.), the partition which separates the right from the left auricle of the heart.—Septum lu- cidum (Anat.), the medullary substance which sep- arates the two lateral ventricles of the brain.—Sep- tum transversum, thediaphragm.—Septumnasi, the partition between the nostrils. Sep tu or (sgp'tfl-or), n. [Fr., a somewhat bizarre form, compounded of Lat. septem, seven, and the term, of quatuor, four, in music a quartette.] Same as Septet (which see). Se pul cltral (se-pQl'kral), a. Suggestive of a sep- ulcher; hence, deep; grave; hollow in tone; as, a sepulchral tone of voice. 'The solemn sepulchral piety of certain North-Eastern gospellers.' Prof. Blackie. ch, chain; g, 90; j, Job; ng, sin?; On this page will be found words cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 756 Se pill cliral ize (se-pfil'kral-Iz), v. t. To render sepulchral or solemn. [R.] Sep ul cher ) (sgp'ul-ker), n. (Eccl. Arch.) A re- Sep ul chre J cess for the reception of the holy elements consecrated on Maunday Thursday till high-mass on Easter-day. Sep ul ture (sgp'ul-tGr), n. Grave; burial-place; sepulcher. [R.J Lamb; Cardinal Wiseman. Sep ul ture (sgp'ul-ttlr), v. t. To bury; to entomb ; to sepulcher. [R.] Cowper. Se que la (se-kwS'la), n. pi. Se que las (se-kwS'- 16). [Lat., from sequor, to follow.] One who or that which follows ; as, (a) an adherent or band of followers. ' Coleridge and his sequelaG. P. Marsh, (b) An inference; a consequence; that which fol- lows as the result of a course of reasoning. ' Seque- lae, or thoughts suggested by the preceding aphor- isms.' Coleridge, (c) (Pathol.) The consequent of a disease; a morbid affection which follows anoth- er, as anasarca after scarlatina, etc.—Sequela cu- riae (Law), a suitof court.—Sequela causae, the proc- ess and deponding issue of a cause for trial. Se quence (sS'kwens), to. A series of things fol- lowing in a certain order; specifically, a set of cards immediately following each other in the same suit, as king, queen, knave, etc.; thus we say a se- quence of three, four, or five cards. Sequoia (se-kwoi'a), n. [Native Californian name.] (Bot.) An American genus of-conifers, otherwise called W ellingtonia, consisting of two spe- cies only—S. sempervirens, the red-wood of the tim- ber trade, and S. gigantea, the big or mammoth tree of California. Both attain gigantic dimensions, reaching a height of upward of 300 feet. Se ral (s6 ral), a. [Lat. sero, late.] (Geol.) Lit. late: applied to the last of Prof. H. Rogers' fifteen divisions of the paleozoic strata in the Appalachian chain of North America. Se ras kier ate (se-rils'kSr-at), n. The office of a sera?kier. Serb (s6rb), n. [Native form.] A native or inhab- itant of Servia. Ser bo ni an (ser-bO'ni-an), a. Applied to a large bog or lake in Egypt surrounded by hills of loose sand, which, being blown into it, afforded a treach- erous footing, whole armies attempting to cross it having been swallowed up. Hence the phrase Ser- bonian bog has passed into a proverb, signifying a • difficult or complicated situation from which it is almost impossible to extricate one's self; a mess ; a confused condition of affairs. 'No Serbonian bog deeper than a £5 rating would prove to be.1 Disraeli. Serein (s6-r?ln), n. [Fr., night-dew, from Lat. se- rum, a late hour, but affected by Lat. serenus, se- rene.] (Meteor.) A mist or extremely fine rain which falls from a cloudless sky immediately after sunset, a phenomenon not unusual in tropical cli- mates. Prof. Tyndall. Ser e nad er (sgr'e-nSd"er), n. One who sere- nades; one who performs nocturnal music in the open nir. Se rene (se-rSn'), a.—Prop serene, the disease of the eye known as eutta serena; amaurosis or black cataract. Milton. Ser geant (sfir'jeutor eSr'jent), n.—Covering ser- geant, a sergeant who, during the exercise of a bat- talion, stands or moves behind each officer com- manding or acting with a platoon or company.— Lance sergeant, a corporal acting as a sergeant in p, company.—Pay sergeant, a sergeant appointed to pay the men aud to account for all disbursements.— White sergeant, a term of ridicule for a lady who interferes in military matters. [Eng.] Serial (sg'ri-al), a.-Serial homology (ZoOl.), the homology or similarity exhibited by organs or structures following each other in a straight line or series in certain animals (e. g. the joints of the lob- ster's body). Se ri al I ly (sS'ri-ai'M-ti), n. The state or condi- tion of following in successive order ; sequence. The general seriality of the changes is obvious. H. Spencer. Se ri al ly (sS'rl-al-li), adv. In a series or in seri- al order ; in regular order ; as, arranged serially. Ser I cult ur 1st (sg^i-kulf'tlr-ist), n. A cultiva- tor of silkworms. Se ri cu lus (se-rlk'fl-lus), n. [From Lat. sericum, silk, from its glossy plumage.] (Ornith.) A genus of Australian insessorial birds belonging to the family of the orioles. S. chrysocephalus is known by the name of the Regent-bird. Ser I e ma (sgr'i-g'.'ma), n. ( The Brazilian name.] .(Ornith.) The Dicholophu3 cristatui of Illiger, a grallatorial bird of the size of a heron, inhabiting the great mountain plains of Brazil. Written also Cariama, Ceriema. Se ries (sg'rgz or s§'ri-€z), n. 1* (Oeol.) A set of Btrata possessing some common mineral or fossil characteristic; as, the greensand series, etc. 2* (Chem.) A group of compounds, each contain- ing the same radicle.—A circular series, one whose terms depend on circular functions, as sines, co- sines, etc.—A converging series is one in which the successive terms become less and less.—A diverging series, one in which any term is greater than the preceding. — An exponential series, one whose terms depend on exponential quantities.—The gen- eral term of a series is a function of some indetermi- nate quantity x, which, on substituting successively the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., for x, produces the terms th, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, phrases and definitions NOT contained in SEKVS of the peries.—Geometrical series, a series in which the terrna increase or decrease by a common mul- tiplier or "common divisor, termed the common ram tio.—Indeterminate series, one whose terms pro- ceed by the powers of an indeterminate quantity.— When the number of terms is greater than any as- signable number, the series is said to be infinite.— Law of a series, that relation which subsists be- tween the successive terms of a series, and by which their general term may be denoted.—A logarithmic series, one whose terms depend on logarithms.—A recurring series, one in which each term is a cer- tain constant function of two or more of the pre- cedi ng terms ; as, 1 + 3a? + 4x? + 7^ + Hx4, etc.—Sum- mation of series, the method of finding the sum of a series whether the number of terms be finite or in- finite. Ser If (sgr'if), n. See Cebtph. Ser i form (sgr'i-form), a. [Lat. Seres, the Chinese, and forma, form.] Applied to a section of the Al- taic family of languages, comprising the Chinese, Siamese, Burmese, etc. Se rln gue (se-rtng'ga), n. [Pg. seringa, a syringe, caoutchouc having been first used to make syringes. J (Bot.) A South American name for the caoutchouc- tree, a species of Siphonia. Ser ja ni a (ser-ja'ni-a), n. [In honor of Paul Ser- jeant, a French friar and botanist.] (Bot.) An en- tirely tropical South American and West Indian genus of climbing or twining shrubs, nat. order Sapindaceie. Ser mon er (sdr'mon-er) n. Same as Sermonizer. Thackeray. Sermon ic (ser-mSn'ik), a. Like a sermon; re- lating or suitable to a sermon; hortatory. [R.] Prof. Wilson. Ser mo nium (ser-mO'ni-um), n. [Lat.] An in- terlude or historical play formerly acted by the inferior orders of the Catholic clergy, assisted by youths, in the body of the chhrch. Ser o lin i (sgr'o-lin), «. [Lat. serum."] (Physiol.) Ser o line ) A peculiar kind of fat contained in the blood. It is a mixtr.re of several substances. Se rot i nous (se-r5t'in-us), o. [Lat. serotinus, from serus, late.] (Bot.) Appearing late in a sea- son, or later than some other allied species. Ser pent-eat er (sdr^'pent-Ct'er), n. (Ornith.) A bird of Africa that devours serpents; the secre- tary-bird (Gypogeranus serpentarius). Ser pent-fence (ser'pent-fgns), n. A zigzag fenca made by placing the ends of the rails upon each other. Ser pen tin I an ( sSr'pen-tln'l-an ), n. (Eccl.) Same as Ophite. Ser pig i nous (ser-plj in-fis), a. (Med.) Applied to certain affections which creep, as it were, from one part to another ; as, serpiginous erysipelas. Ser piatli (sSr'plSth), n. [Corruption of sarplar.'] A weight equal to 80 stones. [Scotch.] Ser ra (sgr'ra), n. [Lat., a saw.] (Anat.) A denta- tion or tooth-like articulating prooess of certain bones, as those of the cranium. Ser ra dil la (ser'ra-dir'la), ». [Pg.] (Bof.) A plant, Ornithopus sativus. Ser ra nus (ser-ra'nuft), n. [From Lat. eerra, a saw—from the saw-like form of the dorsal fin.] (Ichth.) A genus of teleostean fishes, included in the family Percid© or perches, but readily distin- guished by their possessing only one dorsal fin and seven branchiostegousrays. 111. PI. 17, Fig. 19. Ser ri corn (sgr'ri-korn), a. (Entom.) Belonging or pertaining to the family of coleopterous insects Serricornes ; having serrated antennas. Ser tu la ri a (s6r/tu-Ui'/ri-a), n. [Lat. eertum, a garland.] (ZoOl.) A genus of Hydrozoaj popularly called, from their resemblance to miniature trees, sea-firs. It is the type genus of the order Sertula- rida. Ser tu la rl an (8§r/tu-i§//ri-an), n. A member of the genus Sertularia (which see). Ser vant (ser'vant), n.—Servant of servants, a title (servus servorum) assumed by the popes since the time of Gregory the Great.' Ser vant ry (ser'vant-ri), n. Servants collectively, or body of servants; servants as a class. [R.] W. H. Russell. Ser vant y (s6r'vant-i), n. The state or condition of a servant; the privilege of serving or acting as a servant. 4 God's gift to us of servanty.' [R.] E. B. Browning. Serve (serv), v. t. 1* To handle; to manipulate; to manage; to work; as, the guns were well served. 2. (Naut.) To protect from friction, etc., as a rope by winding something tight around it. 3. (Law.) To deliver or transmit to; to present to in due form : often with on or upon before the •person. 4. To regulate one's conduct in accordance with the fashion, spirit, or demands of; to comply with; to submit or yield to. The man who spoke; Who never sold the truth to serve the hour. Tennyson. —To serve one right, to treat one as he deserves; to let the consequences of one's actions fall upon him: often used interjectionally 4 Workhouse funeral- serve him right!1 Dickens.—To serve the turn, to meet the emergency; to be sufficient for the pur- pose or occasion ; to answer the purpose. Shak.— To serve a person heir to a property (Scots Law), to take the necessary legal steps for putting him in possession of the property. azure • 00. food» oi, oil; ou, pound. the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-SEBVER Serv cr (s6rv'er), n. 1. (Eccl.) One who assists the priest at the celebration of the eucharist, by lighting the altar tapers, arranging the books, bringing in the bread, tfine, water, etc., and by making the appointed responses in behalf of the congregation ; an acolyte. 2. The player who opens the game of tennis by knocking the ball over the net to the striker-oat. Serv Ice (serves), n. 1. That which is served round to a company at one time; as, a service of fruit, and the like. 2* (Old Eng. Lato.) The duty which a tenant ">we8 to a lord for his fee.—Service of an heir (Scots Laio), a proceeding before a jury for ascertaining and determining the heir of a persou deceased. It is either general or special.—Substitution of service, in Ireland, a mode of serving a writ upon the de- fendant by posting it up in some conspicuous or public place in the neighborhood or parish. Service*m«ney (ser'Ms-mun'ni), ». Money paid for service. Addison. Ser Vo-Cro a tian (s6r/vo-kro-a/'shan), a. A term applied to a literary form of the Slavic tongue spok- en in Servia, Bo?nia, Dalmatia, Herzegovina, Istria, Montenegro, and South Hungary. Ses a me (ses'a-me), n.—Open Sesame, the charm by which the door of the robbers' dungeon in the tale of Ali Puba and the Forty Thieves flew open; hence, a specific for gaining entrance into any place, or means of exit from it. These wordB were the only *open Sesame' to their feelings and sympathies. E. Shelton. Ses a me-grass (ses'a-me-gras), n. (Bot.) A tall and very remarkable grass (Tripsacum dactyloides), growing in the northern parts of the United States, and also in the Southern states, where it is some- times used as fodder ; gama grass. Gray. Sesh a (sSsh'a), n. (Hind. Myth.) The king of the serpents, with a thousand heads, on one of which the world rests. Vichnu reclines on him in the pri- meval waters. When depicted coiled he is the sym- bol of eternity. Ses le ri a (ses-lg'ri-a), n. [In honor of M. Sesler, a physician and botanist of the eighteenth century.] (Bot.) A genua of grasses belonging to the tribe FestuceaB. Ses qui ba sic (se8'kwl-ba"sik), a. [Lat. sesqui, one and a half, and basis, a base.] (Chem.) A term applied to a salt containing one and a half equiva- lents of the bnse for each equivalent of acid. Ses quip e da It an ism (ses -quip'e- d3"li -an- Izm or sSs^wi-pe-dS^li-an-Izm), n. The state or quality of being sesquipedalian; the use of long words. * Masters of hyperpolysyllabic sesquipeda- lianism.' Fitzedward Hall. Ses eion al (sSsh'un-al), a.—Sessional orders, cer- tain orders agreed to by both Houses of the En- glish Parliament at the commencement of each ses- sion, which are renewed from year to year, and not intended to endure beyond the existing session. Sir E. May. Session-clerk (s5sh'un-kl6r^, ». IirScotland, one who officially keeps the books and documents of a kirk-session, makes all entries, and manages the proclamations of banns for marriages. Ses tette (sSs'tet or ses-tet'), n. The two conclud- ing stanzas of a sonnet, consisting of three verses each; the last six lines of a sonnet. r Ses tine (sSs'tln), n. (Pros.) A stanza of bIx lines; a sextain." Ses tis or (sSs'tu-or), n. A sestet. Set (s8t), v. t. 1. (Print.) (a) To place in proper order, as types; to compose. (6) To put into type; as, to set a MS. : usually with up. 2* (Naut.) (a) To loosen and extend; to spread; ae, to set the sails of a ship. (6) To observe the bearings of, as a distant object by the compass ; as, to set the land ; to set the sun. 3* To become as to manners, rank, merit; to be- come as *o dress ; to fit; to suit. [Scotch.] Set (sSt), p. a.—Set ssene, in theatrical performances, a scene where there is a good deal of arrangement for the pose. Set (s6t), n. 1« In the game of tennis, the best of eleven games. The side first gaining a set scores a 7ictory. 2. An attitude, position, or posture. Moneys in possession do give a set to the head and a confidence to the voice. Cornhill Mag. 3* The lateral deflection of a saw tooth. 4* ( Plastering.) The last coat of plaster on walls for papering. 5. ( Mus. and Dancing.') The five figures or movements of a quadrille; the music adapted to a quadrille; and also, the number of couples required to execute the dance. 6* (Theaters.) A set scene. (See Set, p. a.) • An elaborate set.1 Cornhill Mag.—Set or sett of a burgh (Scots Lato), the constitution of a burgh. The setts are eith&r established by immemorial usage, or were at some time or other modeled by the convention of burghs. Set (sSt), n. and a.—Set-fair, the coatof plaster nsed after roughing in, and floated, or pricked up and floated.—Set-line (Fishing), a line to which a num- ber of short liDes bearing baited hooks are attached, and which is kept extended on the surface of tke water by means of buoys, so that it need not require the constant attention of the fisherman.—Set-off . (Print.), tho> transferred impression from a printed page, the ink on which is »ndried, to an opposite 757 page, when the two leaves are pressed together.— Set-out, (a) preparations, as for beginning a jour- ney, etc. Dickens, (b) Company; set; clique. She must just hate and detest the whole set-out of us. Dickens. (c) A display, as of plale, etc.; dress and accesso- ries ; equipage; turn-out. The whole set-out, I was informed, pony included, cost £50 when new. Mayhew. [Colloq. in all senses.]—Set-8titched% stitched ac- cording to a set pattern, j Se ta ri a (se-ta'ri-a), n. [From Lat. seta, a bristle. The involucre is bristly.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses with spikelets in a dense cylindrical spike-like pani- cle, containing a few species cultivated as corn- grains in some countries. Setlie (sgfh), n. A name given to the coal-fish. Written and pronounced variously Seath, Saith, Seethe, Sey. [Scotch.] Seth i an (s6th-i-an), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One belong- ing to an heretical sect of Egypt, who held that Christ was Seth. They flourished in the .second, third, and fourth centuries. Seth then f (sgth'then),) n. [A, Sax. siththan, aft- Slth then t (slth'fhen), J erward.]o Since; after- ward. . * Chaucer. Set I ger (sSt'i-jer), n. (Zo6l.) One of the Setigera. Se tig er a (se-tij'er-a), n. pi. [Lat. setiger, bristly —seta, a bristle, and gero, to carry.] (ZoOl.) A tribe of abranchiate annelidans, whose members, like the earthworms, are provided with bristles for locomo- tion. Set tee-bed (set-tS'bSd), n. Abed that turns np in the form of a settee. Set ter (set'er), n. (Gun.) A round stick for driv- ing fuses, or any other compositions, into cases made of paper.—Setter-forth, one who sets forth or brings into public notice ; a proclaimer. ' A setter- forth of strange gods.' Acts xvii. 18.—Setter-grass, same as Setter-wort.—Setter-on, one who sets on ; an instigator; an inciter. Ascham. — Setter-up, one who sets up, establishes, makes, or appoints. Shak. Set tie-bed. (set'l-bSd), n. Abed constructed so as to form a seat; a half-canopy bed. Set tling-back (sStling-bak), n. A receptacle in which a solution of glue in process of manufacture is kept warm until the impurities have time to settle. Set u la (sSt'fl-Ki), n. pi. Set u la; (set'ti-16). [Lat. dim. of seta, a bristle.] (Bot. ) A small bristle or hair ; also, the stipe of certain fungi. Set ule (sgt'ai), n. A small, short bristle or hair. Dana. Sev en (sSv'n), a.— Seven-shooter, a revolver with seven chambers or barrels. [Colloq.]— Seven-thirty t a bond formerly issued by the United States gov- ernment, bearing seven and three-tenths (or thirty hundredths) per cent, yearly.—Seven wise men, or seven sages of Greece, a name commonly applied to seven philosophers, several of whom were legisla- tors, at an early period of Qrecian history. They were Periander of Corinth, Pittacus of Mitylene, Thalesof Miletus, Solon, Bias of Priene, Chiloof Sparta, and Cleobulus of Lindus. Sev en ty-four (sev'n-ti-fOr"), ». (Naut.) A ves- sel of war carrying seventy-four guns. • Sev en-up (sgv'n-up")* »• A game played with cards; all fours. [Low. Western U. S.] Se ve ri an (se-v6'ri-an), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the followers of Severius, a Monophysite, who held, in opposition to the Julianists, that the Savior's body was corruptible. Sev o e ja (sev'o-a"!^), n. (Bot.) A Mexican plant, the Stenanthium frigidum. It possesses acrid and poisonous qualities, and is nsed as an anthelmintic. Sevres Ware (sS-vr w4r), ». A kind of porcelain ware, unsurpassed for artistic design and brilliancy of coloring, manufactured at Sevres, in France. Sew (sO), v. t.—To be sewed up, (a) (Naut.) to rest upon the ground, as a ship, when there is not suffi- cient depth of water to float her. A Rhip thus situ- ated is said to be sewed up by as much as is the dif- ference between the surface of the water and her floating mark or line. (6) To be brought to a stand- still ; to be dead beaten; to be ruined or over- whelmed. [Colloq.] Dickens, (c) To be intoxi- cated. [Slang.] Sewef(sfi). n. Gravy; a kind of dish. Chaucer. Se Wel lei (se-wSI'el), n. [Indian name.] (ZoOl.) A gregarious American rodent (Haplodonleporinus) which unites some of the characteristics of the bea- ver with those of the squirrel family and the prai- rie dog. It is about the size of a muskrat, and the reddish-brown skin which covers its plump heavy body is mu pret. of shedy v. i. FelL Shedde T (sh6d), J Chaucer. Shad-frog (shSd'frOg), n. (ZoOl.) A very hand- some, active and lively species of American frog, Jtana halecina, so named from its making its ap- pearance on land at the same time the shad visits the shore. Sha doof) (sha-dyf7), n. A contrivance extensively Sha duf ) employed in Egypt for raising water from the Nile, for the purpose of irrigation. It con- sists of a long stout rod suspended on a frame a< about one-fifth of its length from the end. The short end is weighted so as to serve as the counter* poise of a lever, and from the long end a bucket of leather or earthenware is suspended by a rope. The worker dips the bucket in the river, and, aided by the counterpoise weight, empties it into a hole dug on the bank, from which a runnel conducts the wa- ter to the lands to be irrigated. III. Pi. 17, Fig. 20, Shad ow Ing (shftd'O-ing), n. (Paint.) The art of correctly representing the shadows of objects. Sha dy (sha'di),a. Such as cannot well bear the light; of doubtful morality or character; equivo- cal ; as, a shady character; a shady transaction* Shaf i ' tes (shtlf'i-Its), n. pi. [From the founderv called Al-shafei.J (Eccl.) One of the four sects of the Suunites or orthodox Mohammedans. Shaft (shSft), n.—Shaft-alley, a passage in a screw steamer between the after bulk-head of the engine- Yoom and the shaft-pipe around the propeller shaft, • and allowing accept thereto.—Shaft-coupling, a de- vice for connecting two or more lengths of shafting together. Shaft ing (shSft'ing), n. (Mach.) The system of shafts connecting a machine with the prime mover, and through which motion is communicated to the former by the latter; shafts taken collectively. Shag (shSg)^ n. A kind of tobacco cut into fine shreds. Sha{£<»haired (shSg'h&rd), a. Having long shaggy hair. Shale. Shah (shfih), n. A chieftain or prince. Sha hi (shft'hi), n. A Persian copper coin of the value of |ram (8hfim'ft"bram), a. Pretended; mock ; shaiu.. 1 Sham-Abram saints.' Hood. Sha man Ism (eha'raan-Tzm), n. Shamanism gen- erally teaches the existence of a Supreme Being, but to this Is added the belief that the government of the world 1b in the hands of a number of secondary gods both benevolent and malevolent toward man, and that it in absolutely necessary to avert their ma- lign influence by magic rites and spells. In some part? of Central Asia this religion is tinctured with Lamaiwro. Sham ble (ehftm'bl), n. A platee of Indiscriminate slaughter or butchery. The whole land was converted into a vast human shambles. Prescott. Shame faced (shflm'fSst), a. The older and more correct spelling of this word was shamefast, the ele- ment fast being identical with the German gefasst, seized, possessed, held. % Shamefaced was once shamefast, (hamefacedness was shamefastness, like steadfast and steadfastness; but the ordinary mani- festations of shame being by the face, have brought it to its present orthography.' Trench. Shame fast (sham'fQst), a. See Shamefackd. Sham-fight (sh&m'flt), ». A pretended fight or engagement. Sha mlr (sha-mSr'), n. A name given in Jewish legends to an object constituting a charm, and va- riously represented an being a plant, a stone, or a worm. By its potency King Solomon is said to have built the temple without the use of iron tools. It also could cut stones of the hardest character, And rend rocks asunder. Similar myths exist in the leg- endary history of other Semitic peoples. Sham poo (sham-pO')» »• The Rct or process of shampooing: the operation of oleansing the head by rubbing with soap or with a soapy preparation. Shan (shAn), n. - Same as Shanny. Shan (sh&n), n. (Naut.) A defect In spars, most commonly from bad collared knots; an injurious compression of fibers in timber ; the turning out of the oortlcal layers when the plank has been sawed obliquely to the central axis of the tree. Shand (shflnd), a. [O. Eng. achande, echonde, A. Sax. scand, sceond, shame, disgrace.] Worthless. [8cotch.] Shand (sbfind), n. Base coin. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Shan dry (shfln'drl), ) n. A one-horse Shan dry dan (shfin'dri-dan), ) Irish convey- anoe. Cornhill Mag. Shan dy gaff (ehSn'di-gaf), n. A mixture of beer and ginger-beer. O. A. Sala. Shang le fshftng'i), )n. A shackle; a stick cleft Shat»g an (sliang'an), J at one end for putting the tail of a dog in by way of mischief or to frighten him away. [Scotch.] Shank (shfingk), n. 1* The straight portion of a hook. 2. Ihe straight part of a nail between the head and the taper of the point. 3* That part of a shoe which connects the broad partof the sole with the heel.—To ride Shank's horse, nag, or mare, to perform a journey on foot or on one1* legs or shanks. [Colloq.] Shank (shfink), v. i. 1* To be affeoted with disease of the pedicel or footstalk ; to fall off by decay of the footstalk; often with off. Only four capsules shanking off. Darwin. 758 2. To take to one's legs. [Scotch.] Shank (shfingk), v. t. [Scotch. ] To send off with- ■> out ceremony. Some say y$ should balth be shankit aff till Edin- burgh castle. Sir W. Scott. — To shank one's self awa\ to take one's self off quickly. Sir W. Scott. Shankh-shell (eh&ngk'HhSl), «. Same asChank- shell (which see). Shank ing (shangk'ing), a. Applied to a disease of grape-vines, in which a moist gangrene attacks the pedicels or footstalks. Sha'n't I (shftnt). A contraction of shall not. [Col- Slian't ) loq.] Shape (shfip), n. 1. A pattern to be followed; a model; a mold ; as, to cut shapes for ladies' dresses, jackets, etc. 2* (Cookery.) A dessert dish made of blanc- mange, rice, corn-flour, etc., variously flavored, or of jelly, cast into a mold, allowed to stand till it sets or firms, and then turned out to be served. Shard y (sh&rd'i), a. Consisting of or formed by a shard or shards ; furnished with shards. 4 The hor- net's shardy wings.' J. 12. Drake. Share-line (shAr'lIn), n. The summit line of ele- vated ground; the dividing line. Share-list (shAr'lIst), n. A list of the prices of shares of railways, mines, banks, government secu- rities, and the like. Shark-ray (shflrk'rS). n. (Ichth.) Squatina Du- merili, a species of shark, alstf called angelffish and kings ton. It is fonnd in all temperate and tropical seas. Sliarn (shfirn) n. The dung of cattle. [Scotch.] Sharp (shftrp), n. 1. (Mus.) A note artificially raided a semitone.—Double sharp, a character^ X) used in chromatio music, and which raises a note two semitones above its natural pitch. 2* A sharp consonant. , 3* pi. The hard parts of wheat which require grinding a second time. Called also Middlings. 4* A sewing-needle, one of the most pointed of the three grades—blunts, betweens, and sharps. Sharp (shftrp), a.—Sharp-looking, having the ap- pearance of sharpness; hungry looking; emaciat- ed; lean. 4 Sharp-looking wretches.' Shak.—Sharp- tail (Ornith.), a passerine bird of the sub-family Synallaxinre, famiIy~Certhidee or creepers.-r-Sharp- visaged, having a sharp or thin face. Sir M. Hale. Sharp ling (shSrp'iing), n. A fish, the stickle-. back. [Pro?. Eng.] Shauch le ) (sh&k'l), v.i. To walk with a shuf- Shaughle) fling or shambling gait. [Scotch.] Shauch le ) (sh§k'l), v. t. To distort from the Shaugh le ) proper shape or right direction,, by use or wear.—Shaughled shoon, shoes trodden down on one side by bad walking; fig. applied to a jilted woman. [Scotch.] Bums; Sir W. Scott, Sha u 1 ( shftl), o. Shallow. * Duncan deep, and Pee-' bles shaul.* [8cotch.] Burns. Shave (sh&v),n. 1. The act of passing so closely as almost to strike or graze; an exceedingly nar- row miss or escape; often with close or near. [Col- loq.] The next instant the himd coach passed my engine by a shave. Dickens. 2« A false report or alarm voluntarily propagat- ed with a view to deceive; a trick. [Slang.] A shave of old Smith's. W. H. Russell. Shav ie (shftv'i), n. A trick or prank. ' Mony a prank an' mirthfu' shavie.' [Scotch.] Blackwood's Mag. Shaw (she), v. f. To show. [Scotch.] Shawanees (sha'a-nCz), )n. pi. (Ethn.) The Shaw nees (shg'nez), ) name of a group of North American Indian tribes now living in the In- dian Territory, on the Quapaw, Sac, and Fox re- serves. They belong to the Algonquin stock, and originally occupied that part of the United States which at the present time comprises Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, and Kentucky. Shawl (sh§l), «. t. To cover with or wrap in a shawl. Rebecca was shawling herself in an upper apartment. Thackeray. Shawl-waist coat (shgl^wSst^Ot), n. A vest or waistooat with a large prominent pattern like a shawl. Thackeray. Shay a (shS'a), n. (Bot.)—Oldenlandia umbellata. See SHAYA-ftOOT. Shay a-root (shS'a-rOt), n. {Bot.) The root of the Oldenlandia umbellata, nat. order Cinchonaceee. The outer bark of the roots of this plant furnishes the coloring matter for the durable red for which the chintzes of India are famous. HI. PI. 17, Fig. 21. Written also Chaya-root. She (she), n.—She-oak (Bot.), a peculiar jointed, leafless, ti pical or subtropical tree, of the genus Casuarlna (C.quadrivalvis), whose cones and young shoots, when chewed, yield a grateful acid to per- sons and cattle suffering from thirst.—She-slip, a young female scion, branch, or member. ' The slight she-slips of loyal blood.' Tennyson.—She-so- ciety, female society. Tennyson.—She-world, the fe- male inhabitants of the world or of a particular por- tion Of it. 1 Head and heart of tfll our fair she-world.' Tennyson. She a (shS'n), n. (Bot.) The Bassia butyracea of botanists, a native of tropical Asia and Africa, and believed to be the fulwa or fulwara tree of India. SHEEP The trunk of the African shea tree (B. Parkii) yields when pierced a copious milky juice. The Shea or vegetable butter ia found in the nut, and is obtained pure by crushing, boiling, and straining. Called also Butter-tree. Sheal (ehei), n. 1, A shed for sheltering sheep on the hills during the night. [Scotch.] 2. A summer residence, especially One* erected for those who go to the hills for sport, etc. Written also Sheel, Sheil. Sheal ing (shSl'ing), n. Same ae Sheat. Written also Sheeting, Sheiling. [Scotch.] Shear (sh5r), v. t. (Fig.) To strip of property, as by severe exaction or excessive sharpness in bar- gaining ; to fleece. In bis speculation he had gone out to shear, and come home shorn. Mrs, RiddeU. Shear (shSr), v. i. To cut; to penetrate by cutting. He severs asunder the confusion ; shears down, were it furlongs deep, into the true center of the matter. Carlyle. Shear hog (shSr/hOg), n. A ram or wether after the first shearing; provincially pronounced as if written sherrug or sharrag. ' To talk of shearhogs and e<)e8 to men who habitually said sharrags and yowes.' [Eng.] George Eliot. Shear Ing (shSr'ing), n. 1. The act or operation of reaping. [Scotch.] 2* (Mining.) The making of vertical cuts at the ends of a portion of an undercut seam of coal, serv- ing to destroy the continuity of the strata and fa- cilitate the breaking down of the mass. Shern" } (sh§rn), n. Same as Sham (which see). Shear-tail (shBr'tai), n. (Ornith.) A name, given to some species of humming-birds; as, the slender shear-tail (Thaumastura enicura) and the Cora's shear-tail (Thaumastura Corce): so called on account of their long and deeply-forked tail. Sheath (shSth), n. A structure of loose stones for confining a river within its banks. Sheath (shSth), v. t. To furnish with a sheath. Slieath-claw (sheth'klg), n. (ZoOl.) A kind of lizard of the genus Thecadacty}us. It in allied to the gecko, and in Jamaica is commonly called the croaking lizard, from its curious call on the ap- proach of night. Sheathed (shSflid), a. (Bot.) Paginate; sur- rounded or invested by a cylindrical membranous sheath, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses. Sheath lng-nall (shStfc'ing-nai), n. A cast-nail of an alloy of copper and tin, used for nailing on the metallic sheathing of ships. She bang (she-b&ngO, n. Same as Shebeen (whiob see). [Slang.] She bat (shft'b^t), n. In the Jewish calendar, the -fifth month of the civil and eleventh of the sacred year. It answers to parts of January and February in our calendar. ) She been (she-ben'), n. [Probably an Irish term.] An unlicensed house of a low character where ex' cisable liquors are sold illegally. ' She been er (she-bGn'er), nK One who keeps a she- been. She been ing (she-bgn'ing), n. The act or prac- tice of keeping a shebeen; as, she was fined tot she- beening. Sheck ra (shSk'ra), n. [Hind, chakra.] A weapon in the form of a quoit, which some Indian deities, especially Vishnu (sometimes called the \chakra bearer'), are often represented as holding in the hand. The weapon has a keen edge, and on being thrown cuts wherever it strikes. Also written Chakra. Shed (shSd), v. i. To descend or fall down; to pour. Shed (shSd), n. 1* A slight or temporary bnilding, with a sloping roof falling from a higher to a lower wall; a penthouse or covering of boards, eto., fox shelter; a lean-to; an outhouse. 2. A large open structure for the temporary stor- age of goods, etc.'; as, a shed on a wharf; a railway shed. 3* A division; a parting; at, the watershed of a district. Shed (shSd), n.—Shed-line, the summit *llne of ele- vated ground; the line of the watershed. —Shed- roof, the simplest kind of roof, formed by rafters sloping between a high and low ground. Called also Pent-roof. Shed ding (shSd'ing), n. A parting or branching off, as of two roads ; the angle or place where two roads meet. [Scotch.] W. Black. Sheel (RhSl), v. t. To free from husks, eto.; to sheal. [Scotch.] * Sheen (sb6n), v. i. To shine; to give oat bright- ness; to glisten. [Poet, and B.] This town, That, sheening far, celestial seems to be. Byron. Sheep (shS;p), n. sing.'and pi. 1* Leather prepared from sheep-skin'; as, a book bound in sheep or half- sheep. • 2* A congregation considered as nnder a spir- itual shepherd or pastor. More usually termed a flock. Sheep (sh6p), n. and a.—Sheep-dog, a valuable spe- cies of dog trained for tending sheep; a colly.— Sheep-farmer, a farmer whose principal occupation is the raising of sheep.:—Sheepheaded, dull; simple- minded ; Silly. 'Simple, sheepheaded fools.' John dMAain; g,ao; jtiob; ng, sin*/; On this page will be found words, oester's Unabridged Dictionaries. Ox, then; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, a*ure; oo, foods oi, oil; on, pound. phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions Webster's and Wor-SHEER Taylor. — Sheep-master, a eheepowner; a sheep- farmer. A great grazier, a great sheep-master, a great timber- man, etc. Bacon. —Sheep-pen, an inclosure for sheep; a sheepfbld. —Sheep's-bane (Bot.), a name given to the common pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris), because it wa9 considered a fruitful cause of rot in sheep.—Sheep^s bit (Bot.), a plant of the genua Jasione, the J. mon- tana.—Sheep's-eyes.—To cast sheep's-eyes, to direct a wistful or leering glance.—Sheep-silver, (a) (Old Eng. Law) a 6um of money anciently paid by ten- ants to be released frotniche service of washing the lord's eheep. (6) The Scotch popular name of mica. —Sheep-wash, a wash or smearing substance applied to the fleece or 6kin of sheep either to kill vermin or to preserve the wool.—Sheep-whistling, whistling after sheep; tending sheep. ' An old sheep-whistling rogue.' Shak. Sheer (shgr), n.—Sheer-batten, (a) (Naut.) a batten stretched horizontally along the shrouds and seized firmly above each of their dead-eyes, serving to pre- vent the dead-eyes from turning at that part. Also termed a Stretcher, (b) (Ship-building.) A strip nailed to the rib9 to indicate the position of the wales or bends preparatory to those planks being bolted on.—Sheer-draught (Ship-building), the plan of elevation of a ship; a 6heer-plan.— Sheer-hooks, an instrument with prongs and hooks placed at the extremities of the yards of fire-ships to entangle the enemy's rigging, etc. 111. PI. 17, Fig. 22.— Sheer-mold (Ship-building), a long thin plank for adjusting the ram-line on the ship's Ride, in order to form the sheer of the ship. One of its edges is curved to the extent of sheer intended to be given. — To quicken the sheer (Ship-building), to shorten the radius which strikes out the curve.—To straight- en the sheer, to lengthen the radius. Sheet (.shSt), n.—Sheet-copper, copper in broad thin plates.— Sheet-glass, a kind of crown-glass made at first in the form of a cylinder, which js cut longi- tudinally and placed in a furnace, where it opens out into a sheet under the ifrflueDce of heat.— Sheet- iron, iron in sheets or broad thin plates.—Sheet-' lead, lead formed into sheets. —Sheet-lightning, lightning appearing in wide expanded flashes, as opposed to forked lightning. 'Like sheet-lightning, ever brightening.' Tennyson.—-A sheet in the wind, somewhat tipsy. [Colloq.] Trollope.—Three sheets in the wind, tMjpy; intoxicated. [Colloq.] Sheet ing (shet'ing), n. A lining of timber or met- al for protection of a river bank. Sheet ing-pile (shgt'ing-pll), n. Same as Sheet- pile. She kar ry (shS-k2r'i), n. A name given in Hindu- stan to a hunter. Same as Shikaree. Shelf (shglf), n. (Ship-building.) An inner timber following the sheer of the vessel and bolted to the inner side of ribs, to strengthen the frame and sus- tain the deck-beams.—To put or lay on the shelf, to put aside or out of use; to lay aside, as from duty or active service. Shelf (shSlf), v. t. To place on a shelf ; to furnish with shelves. More usually written Shelve. Shell (sh61), n. 1. The outer portion or casing of a block which is mortised for the sheave, and bored at right angles to the mortise for the pin, which forms the axis of the sheave. 2. The outside plates of a boiler. 3* (Mus.) A musical instrument such as a lyre, the first lyre being made, according to classic le- gend, of strings drawn over a tortoise-shell. * When jubal struck the corded shell.' Dryden. 4* A row-boat made with a very light frame- work and covered: usea for boat-racing. 5« The semicircular hilt which protected part of the hand in some forms of rapiers. Thackeray. Shell <.ehgl), n.—Shell-apple (Ornith.), (a) a local name for the common crossbill (Lox' • dhrvirostra). (b) The chaffinch.—Shell-board, a frame placed on a wagon or cart for the purpose of carrying hay, 6traw, etc.-Shell-cameo, a cameo cut on a shell in- stead of a stone. The shells used are such as have the different layers of color necessary to exhibit the peculiar effects produced by a cameo .—Shell-road, a road having the upper stratum formed of a layer of broken shells.—Shell-sand, a name given to the triturated shells of mollusca, constituting in a great measure the beach in some localities. Such sand is much prized as a fertilizer. Shell er (sh51'er), n. A machine for separating the kernels of Indian corn from the cob. Shel lum (shel um), n. Same as Skellum. [Old Eng. and Scotch.] Shelve (sh61v), ». A shelf or ledge. *0n a crag's uueasy shelves [R.] Keats. .Shep herd, (shep'erdl, n.—Shepherd kings, the chiefs of a conquering nomadic race from the East who took Memphis, and rendered the whole of Egypt tributary. The dates of their invasion and conquest have been computed at from 2567 to 2500 b. c., and they are stated by some to have ruled for from 2601 > 500 years, when the Egyptians rose and expelled them. Attempts have been made to con- nect their expulsion with the narrative in the book Of Exodus. Called also Hycsos or Hyk-shos.—Shep- herd's dog, a variety of dog employed by shepherds to protect the flocks and control their movements.— Shepherd's {or shepherd) tartan, (a,) a kind of small check pattern in cloth, woven with' black and white warp and weft. (b) A kind of cloth, generally 759 woolen, woven in this pattern—generally made into shepherd's plaids, and often into trouserings, etc. Shep her di a (shep-^r'di-a), n. [After W. Shep- herd, a botanist, j (Hot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Elaeagnaceae. The species are small shrubs, natives of North America. S. argentea, which has an edible scarlet fruit, is known in the United States as buffalo-berry. Shep lierd's-plaid (shgp'6rdz-piad or-piad), a. Woolen with black and white checks, after the pat- tern usual for shepherd's plaids. 'He wore shep- herd's-plaid inexpressibles.' Dickens. Sher ardi a (sher-&r'di-a), n. [In honor of W. Sherard, an English consul of Smyrna.] (Bot.) A genus of humble annuals of the order Rubiace®, distinguished by having a funnel-shaped corolla, and fruit crowned with the calyx. Sher bet (sher'bet"), n. Water-ice. She ri at (ehar'i-at or shSr i-at), n. The sacred or rather civil-religious law of Turkey, which is found- ed on the Koran, the Sunna or tradition, the com- mentaries of the first four caliphs, etc. Civil law can never take the place of the sheriat. Contemp. Rev. Sher iff(sh6r 'if"), ».—Sheriff-geld, a rent formerly paid by asheriff. [Eng.]—Sheriff-officer, in Scotland, an officer connected with the sheriff-court, who is charged with arrests, the serving of processes, and the like.—Sheriff-tooth, a tenure by the service of providing entertainment for .the sheriff at his county courts; a common tax formerly levied for the sheriff's diet. [Eng.] Wharton. Shern (shern), n. See Shearn. Sher ry-cob bier (sher'n-kOb^ler), ». A favorite beverage consisting of sherry wine, water, sugar, ice, etc., generally sucked up through, a straw or glass tube. Sliet f (shSt), ? t;. t. To close or shut. Shet tenf (shPt'n), ) Chaucer. Shey tan (shi'tan), n. An Oriental name for the devil or a devil. Shield (shSld), n. The irregularly curved exterior layer of bran, which invests the embryo in wheat 'grains. Shield-shaped (shGld'shSpt), a. Having the shape of a shield; scutate; as, a shield-shaped leaf. Lindley. Shift t (shift), v. t. To apportion; to distribute; to allot. Chaucer. Shift ing (shTfl'ing), a.—Shifting beach, a beach of gravel liable to be shifted or moved by the action of the sea oiTt^e current of rivers.—Shifting sand or sands, loose moving sand ; quicksand. Sir W. Scott. —Shifting center, same a9 Metacenter. Shifting (shift'ing), ». 1* Act of changing; change. 4 The shif tings of ministerial measures.* Burke. 2<~sThe act of having recourse to equivocal ex- pedients ; evasion; artifice; shift. 4 Subtle shif tings.1 Mir. for Mags. Shi kar ee ) (shi-kar'S), n. In the East Indies, a Shi kar ree ) native attendant hunter ; hence, applied generally to a sportsman. Shill I-shall I ) (shir'li-sMl'i), v. i. [A redupli- Shil ly-shal ly S cation of shall I? and equal to shall I or shall I not ?] To act in an irresolute or undecided manner; to hesitate; as, this is not a time for shilly-shally. Shil pit (shll'pit), a. 1* Weak; washy and in- sipid. 4 Sherry's but shilpH drink.1 [Scotch. J Sir K". Scott. 2• Of a sickly white color; feeble-looking. [Scotch.] The laird....pronounced her to be but a shilpit thing. Miss Ferrier. Shim mer (shTm'er), ». A tremulous gleam or glistening ; a glimmer. Sir W. Scott. Shimmering (shim'er-ing), a. Glimmering; glittering; gleaming tremulously. Shin (shin), v. i. To climb a tree by means of the hands and legs alone ; to swarm : used with up. Shinet (shinJ, o. Bright or shining; glittering. Spenser. Shihe (shin), ». A row; a quarrel. [In this sense the word may be an abbreviation of shindy.]—To kick up a shine, to make a row. [Slang.]—To take the shine out of, to cast into the 6hade ; to outshine; to excel; to surpass. [Slang.] Shill gle (shlng'gl), v. t. (Forging.) To perform the process of 6hinglingon; to subject puddled iron to the process of squeezing or hammering to expel impurities, and convert it into blooms. Shin gler (shlng'gler), n. 1. One who or a machine which cuts and prepares shingles. 2* A workman who attends a shingling hammer or machine. 3. A machine for shingling puddled iron or con- verting it into blooms. Shin gling (shln'gling), a.—Shingling hammer, a powerful hammer which acts upon the ball from the puddling furnace, and forces some of the remain- ing impurities therefrom.—Shingling mill, a mill or forge where puddled iron is hammered, etc., to re- move the dross, compact the grain, and turn out malleable iron. Shin ing (shln'ing), n. The act of making one's self conspicuous by display of superiority; osten- tatious display. Would you both please and be instructed too. Watch well the rage of shining to subdue. Stillingfleet. SHOGUN Shin-piaster (shln/'plas'terj^n. [According to Bartlett from an oid soldier of the Revolutionary period having used a quantity of worthless paper currency as plasters for a wounded leg.] A bank- note, especially one of low denomination; or one that has depreciated in value; a piece of paper- money. [Slang. U. S.] Shinto (shln'to), * In. [Chineseshin,god Shin to ism (shin to-izm), J or spirit, and to, vt&y or law.] One of the two great religions of Japan. In its origin it was a form of nature worship, the forces of nature being regarded as gods, the sun be- ing the supreme god. The essence of the religion is now ancestral worship and sacrifice to departed heroes. Written also Sinto, Sintoism, Sintu, Sintu- ism. Shinto ist (shin'to-ist), n. A believer In or sup- porter of the Shinto religion. Ship (ship), v. i. To goon board a vessel to make a voyage with it; to embark; as, we shipped at Glas- gow. Ship (ship), n.—Ship-canal, a canal through which vessels of large size can pass; a canal for sea-going vessels.— S) tip-cap tain, the commander or master of a ship.— Ship-pendulum, a pendulum with a gradu- ated arc, used in the navy to ascertain the heel of a vessel, go that allowance may be made in laying a gun for the inclination of the deck. Ship py (shlp'i), a. Pertaining to ships; frequent- ed by ships. 4 Shippy havens.' [R.] Vicars. Shire (shir or shgr), n.—The shires, a belt of English counties running in a north-east direction from Devonshire and Hampshire, the names of which ter- minate in k shire,' but applied in a general way to the midland counties; as, he comes from the shires ; he has a seat in the shires. Shire-clerk (shlr'klSrk or shSr'klSrk), n. In En- gland, an officer appointed by the sheriff to assist in keeping the cohnty court; an under-sheriff ; also, a clerk in the old county court who was deputy to the under-sheriff. Sliire-wickf (shlr'wik or shSr'wik), n. A shire or county. Holland. Shirk (sherk), v. t. [Probably a form of s/iarfc.] 1 • t To shark ; to practice mean or artful tricks; to live by one's wits. 2* To avoid or get off unfairly or meanly; to seek to avoid the performance of duty. One of the cities shirked from the league. Byron, —-To shirk off, to sneak away. [Colloq.] Shirk er (sh6rk'er), n. One who. shirks duty or danger. Cornhill Mag. Shirt-front (sh6rt'frfint), n. The dressed part of a shirt which covers the breast; also, an article of dress made in imitation of this part; a dickey. Shive (shlv), n. A name given by cork-cutters to the small bungs used to close wide-mouthed bottles, . in contradistinction to the phial corks used for nar- j row-necked bottles; also, a thin wooden bung used i by brewers. t Shoal wise (shOl'wIz), adv. In shoals or crowds. Prof. Blackie. Shod dy (shQd'i), n. A term applied to any infe- rior or worthless goods. [During the late civil war in the United States, large quantities of shoddy were furnished as suppliesfor the army, on account of which, the use of the word became quite prevalent, and was especially applied to a class oft persons who assumed a higher position in society than, that to which they were entitled by their breeding or education.] Shod dy (shBd'i), a. 1* Relating to, or made of shoddy; as, shoddy cloth. Hence— 2. Of a trashy or inferior character; as, shoddy literature. 3. Sham; pretended; counterfeit; not genuine; as, shoddy aristocracy. [Colloq.]—Shoddy fever (Med.), the popular name for a species of bronchi- tis caused by the irritating effect of the floating particles of dust upon the mucous membrane of the trachea and its ramifications. Shoddy-mill (sh5d'i-mll), n. A mill employed in the manufacture of yarn from old woolen cloths and refuse goods. Shoe (sh5), n.—Shoe-brush, a brush for cleaning shoes.—Shoe-buckle, a buckle for fastening the shoe to the foot; an ornament in the shape of a buckle worn on the upper of a shoe.—Shoe-factor, a factor or wholesale dealer in 6hoes.—Shoe-hammer, a ham- mer with a broad slightly convex face for pound- ing leather on the lapstone to condense the pores, and for driving sprigs, pegs, etc. — Shoe-knife, .<+ knife with a thin blade fixed by a tang in a wooden handle, used by shoemakers for cutting and paring . leather.—Shoe-latchet, a shoe-tie. — Shoe-leather, leather for shoes. Boyle.—Shoe-peg, a small point- ed peg or slip of wpod used to fasten the upper to the 6ole, and the outer and inner sole together.' Pegs of compressed leather and metal rivets are ' also used for this purpose.—Shoe-shave, an instru- ment on the principle of a spokeshave for trimming the soles of boots and shoes.—Slioe-straps a strap at- tached to a shoe for fastening it to the foot.— Shoe- stretcher, an expansible last made in two or more .pieces for distending shoes.— Shoe-string, a string used to fasten the shoe to the foot. Sho gun (sh0'g\m or sho-ggn')* n. The proper name for the major-domos of the imperial palace and generalissimos of Japan, who formerly usurped the secular power of the Mikado, and held it until 1867, when the title was abolished, and the Mikado No tation : 3, 6,1, 0, fl, long; a. 6,1, 5, tj, short; a. e, 1, o, obscure; far, fall, f^st, cAre; her, mOve, or; byJl, a, Fr.; n, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SHOGUNATE resumed bis secular authority : spelled also Sho- goon. Also called Tycoon. Slio gun ate (sho-gyn'at), n. The office or rank of a Shogun. Written also Siogoonate. Shole (shOl), n. (Naut.) A piece of plank placed under the soles of standards, or under the heels of sh#res, in docks or on slips where there are no grouudways, in order to enable them to sustain the weight required without sinking. Also, a piece of plank fixed under anything by way of protection, as i piece-put under the lower end of a rudder, which, in case of the ship's striking the ground, may be knocked off without injury to the rudder. Sliondef (ehOnd), ». [A. Sax. sceond.] Harm; injury ; disgrace. Chaucer. Sliook (shuk), v. t. To pack in shooks, as staves. Sliool (shfil), v. t. To shovel. [Scotch.] Shool (sh5l), n. A shovel. [Scotch.] Slioop f (shop), pret. Shaped ; oontrived , created ; formed. Chaucer. Shoot (shot), n. 1. The thrust of an arch. 2. A place for shooting rubbish into. Mayhew. 3. A weft thread in a woven fabrio. Ure. Shoot ing (shttt'ing), ». 1. A right to shoot game over a certain district. 2. A district or defined tract of ground over which game is shot. 3. (Carp.) The operation of planing the edge of • a board straight. Shooting (shoeing), a.—Shooting-board, a board or planed metallic slab with a race on which an ob- ject is held while its edge is squared or reduced by a side-plane. It is used by carpenters and joiners, and also by stereotypers in trimming the edge of stereotype plates.—Shooting-coat, the name given by tailors to a variety of coat supposed to be suita- ble for sportsmen.—Shooting-gallery, a place cov- ered in for the practice of shooting^ a covered shooting range.—Shooting-iron, a fire-arm. [Low. U. S.]—Shooting-jacket, a name given by tailors to a 4ind of jacket supposed to be suitable for shooting purposes. Shop (shttp), ». One's business or profession : gen- erally used in connection with a person whose mind is of & limited range and confined to his own call- ing. 4 The shop sits heavy on him.' [Colloq.] Dickens. Shop like (sh6p'Ilk), a. Low; vulgar. *Be she never so shoplike or meretricious.* B. Jonson. Shop oc ra cy ( sh&p-Sk'ra-si ), ». The body of shopkeepers. [Humorous.] Shop pish (shSp'ish), a. Having the habits and manners of a shopman. Shoppy (shOp'i), a. 1* Pertainihg to a shop'or shops ; abounding with shops; as, a shoppy neigh- borhood. 2. A term applied to a person full of nothing bnt his own calling or profession. Mrs. Gaskell. [Col- loq. in both senses.] Shop-worn (shftp'wOrn), a. Bather worn or dam- aged by being kept long in a shop or store. Shore (sh5r), n.—Dead shore, an upright piece fixed in a wall that has been cut or broken through to support the superstructure during the alterations being made on the building. Shore (ehOr), v. t. To threaten; to offer. [Scotch.] Burns. Sho re a fshO're-a), n. [Perhaps from some per- son of the name of Shore.} ( Bot.) A small genus of Indian plants, nat. order Dipterace®. One species (S. Robusta) is a lofty and ornamental tree yielding the timber called in India saul or sal, which is em- ployed in the North-west Provinces in all govern- ment works, house timbers, gun-carriages, etc. 111. PI. 17, Fig. 23. Shore-land (shOrfgnd), n. Land bordering on a shore or sea-beach. Shore weed (sh&r'wCd), n. ( Bot.) A plant of the genua Littorella, the L. lacxistris. Short (short), a. 1* (Stock Exchange.) Engaged or bound to deliver at a future time what is not- possessed at the time of contract. One who is held by such a contract is said to have sold short. 2* Unmixed with water; undiluted, as spirits; neat. [Slang. Eng.] Gome. Jack, let ub have a drop of something short. Trollope. —At short sight, a term used with reference to a bill which is payable soon after being presented to the Acceptor or payer.—Short allowance, less than the usual or regular quantity served out, as the al- lowance to sailors or soldiers in certain circum- stances. Short (short), adv.—To stop short„ (a) to stop sud- denly or abruptly; to arrest one's self at once. Dryden. (b) Not to reach the extent or importance of; not to,go so far as intended or wished; not to reach the point indicated. Macaulay.— To take shorty to take to task suddenly; to check abruptly; to reprimand ; to answer curtly or uncivilly: some- times with top.—To turn short, to turn on the spot occupied; to turn without making a compass; to turn round abruptly. Dryden. Short (short), n. (Pros.) A ifhort syllable; as mind your longs and shorts. [School slang.] Short (short), a. and n.—Shorthaving a short Kill or beak; brevirostrate ; as, short-MSled birds.— Short, iron, and Ai'0os, a stone.] 1. A meteoric stone, chiefly consisting of iron. 2. (Paleon.) A nummulite, a fossil many-cham- bered organism having a stellated appearance. Sld er o stat (sld'er-o-stat), n. [Lat. sidus, sideris, a star, and Gr. ararog, placed, standing, from io-ttj/xi, to stand.] (Astron.) An apparatus for observing the light of the stars in precisely the same way in which the light of the sun may be studied with the heliostat. It consists of a mirror moved by clock- work, and a fixed object-glass for concentrating the rays into a focus. Sid er o type (sld'er-o-tTp), n. [Lat. sidus, sideris, a star, and Gr. ti/ttos, impression.] A method of producing sun-pictures by means of ammonio-ferric citrate. Paper impregnated with this salt is exposed to light in the camera, and the picture is developed with a neutral solution of gold, or, better, of silver. Weale. Sid Ing (eld'ing), n. 1* (Carp.) The boarding of the sides of a frame building. 2. (Ship-building.) That part of the opesation of forming or trimming ships' timbers, etc.,'which consists in giving them their correct breadths. Siege (8<5j), to. 1« (Glass-making.) Thefloorofa glass-furnace. 2. A workman's table or bench.—Siege-gun, a heavy gun used in sieges. Si en na fsi-en'na), )». Terra di Si- Si en na-earth (si-en'na-Grtb),) enna, earth from Sienna in Italy, a ferruginous ocherous earth of a fine yellow color, used as a pigment in both oil and water-color painting. It is known as raw and burnt sienna according to the treatment it has had. Sies ter (sSs'ter), n. A silver coin of Bavaria, worth about 8\d. or 16 cents. Sieve (siv), to. (Calico-printing.) A cloth which ex- tends over the vat containing the color. Sig ger (sTg'er), v. i. [Allied to sig ; G. seigen, to filter, seiger, a strainer or filter.] (Mining.) To trickle through a cranny .or creviee ; to ooze into a mine. [Eng.] Sight-draft (alt-draft), n. (Com.) A draft, order, or bill of exchange, payable at sight or on presenta- tion. Sight ed (slt'ed), a. Having a sight or sights; as, a rifle sighted for 1000 yards. Sight-hole (slt'hOl), n. A hole to see throngh. Sight ing-shot (slt'ing-shQt), n. A shot made for the purpose of ascertaining if a firearm is properly SILICIMURITE sighted; a trial shot allowed to each shooter previ- ous to marking his scgre. Sights man (slts'iban^, to. f One who points ouf the sights or objects of interest of a place; a guide. Evelyn. Sig mo don (slg'mo-don), to. [Gr. viy/ia, the let- ler s, and ofiovs, oSovros, a tooth.] (ZoOl.) A genus of small rodent mammals of the family Muridae, and sub-family Arvicolinae. Only one species (S. hiepi- dum) is known, a native of Florida, and very de- structive to the crops. Sign (sin), v. i. To draw attention to, as by point- ing with the hand. . Behold! I signed above, where all the stars were out. E. B. Brownino. Sign a ble (sln'a-bl), a. Capable of being signed ; requiring to be signed ; as, a deed signable by A B. Sig nal (sig'nal), n.—Signal-box, a small house, of- ten of wood, in which railway signals are worked.— Signal-lamp, a railway lamp, with a bull's-eye in it,, made to give out light of different colors as signals. Signal-light, a light shown as a signal.—Signal-mant, one whose duty it is to convey intelligence, notice, warning, etc.. by means of signals. Sig nal (signal), v.t. 1. To make signals to; as, the vessel signaled the forts. , 2. To mark with a sign. Layard. Sig nal (sig'nal), v. i. 1. To give a signal or sig- nals. 2* To be a sign or omen. Sig nal 1st (eig'nal-ist), n. A signal-man; one who communicates information by means of signals. Signaling / (sig'nal-ing), n. The act, art, or Sig nal ling \ process of communicating infor- mation, orders, and the like, to persons at a dis- tance, by means of signals. This method of com- munication is much employed between the different parts of an army, and between vessels at sea, and is carried on by means of flags, lights of various colors, etc. Sig nal ment (sfg'nal-ment), n. 1. The act or process of signaling; the act of eignaliziDg. 2* A description by means of characteristic or appropriate marks. E. B. Browning. Sig na to ry (sTg'na-to-ri), a. Setting a signature to a document; signing; specifically applied to the head or representative of a state who signs a public document, as a treaty; as, the parties signatory to the treaty of Paris. Written also Signatory, Signita- ry. Signatory (sig'na-to-ri), n. One who signs; specifically, the head or representative of a state who signs a public document, as a treaty. The signatories of the treaty. London Times. Sig net (sig'net), n.—Clerk of the signet, an officer in England, continually in attendance upon the principal secretary of state, who has tlie custody of the privy signet. Sig net ed (slg'net-ed), a. Stamped or impressed with a signet. Signless (sln'les), a. Having or giving no sign; without making a sign. [R.] E. B. Browning. Sign or (sSn'yur or sSu'yOr), ». [It.] In Italy, a title of respect or address, equivalent to our Mr. or Sir. Sign o ra (sgn-yO'ra), n. An Italian title of address or respeot, equivalent to Madam, Mrs. Sign o ri na (sSn'yC-re^na), n. An Italian title of respect addressed to unmarried ladies, equivalent to the English Miss and the French Mademoiselle. Sign o ry (sSn'yo-ri), n. Government; dominion; power; rule; seigniory. 4The inextinguishable thirst for signiory.1 Kyd. Sign-paint er (sln^pSnt'er), n. One who paints signs for tradesmen, etc. Sikh (s€k), n. One of an Indian community, half religious, half military (founded about a. d. 1500), dwelling in the north-western part of British India. Written also Seik. Si la us (sl'la-us), n. [A name given to an umbellif- erous plant by Pliny. J (Bot.) A genus of tall, per- ennial, herbaceous plants, nat. order UmbellifereB. Si le ne SB (sl-lS'ne-S), n. pi. [From Silene.'] (Bot.) A tribe of Caryophyllacese, the members of which have a tubular calyx and petals with claws. Si len tious (sl-lgn'shus), a. Inclined to taciturn- ity; reserved; reticent. [R.] Slle nus (sl-lS'nus), n. 1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian divinity, the foster-father and attendant of Bacchu3, and likewise leader of the satyrs. He wa9 represent- ed as a robust old man, generally in a state of in- toxication, and riding on an ass carrying a canthar- U8 or bottle. 2. (ZoOl.) A genus of monkeys, including the wanderoo of the East Indies: so called from its sage and venerable aspect. Sil 1 ca tl za tion (sll'i-kS'ti-zS^shun or sll'i-kSf i- zft^shun), n. The process of combining or impreg- nating with silica; the act of converting into a sili- cate. Dana. Si II ceons ? (si-llsh'fis), a.—Siliceous cement, a hy- Si 11 clous ) draulio cement containing a certain proportion of a silicate.—Siliceous earth, silica.— Siliceous waters, such as contain silica in solution, as many boiling springs. SI lie i fy (si-lls'i-fl), v. i. To become silica; to l» impregnated with or changed into silioa. < Si 11c imu rite (si-lIs'i-mtT'rlt), n. [Lat. tilex. flint, and muria, brine.] (Min.) An earth composed of silica and magnesia. Notatzoh: a, e, I, 0,11, Jong; 2, 6, i, 5, ft, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure; far, f§ll, tyst, cftre; h6r, mOve, or; byll, 0, Fr.; ii, Fr., to*5* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester s Unabridged Dictionaries.SILICO FLUORIC 6111 co-flu or 1c (elTi-ko-flu-Sr^ik), a. (Chem.) The name of an acid, H2Si F6. When silicic acid is dissolved by hydrofluoric acid a gas is produced which is colorless, fuming strongly in the air, called silioo-fluoric acid, or hydrofiuosilicic acid. With bases this acid forms salts called ailico-fluoridea, which are nearly all insoluble. 8111 co-flu or Id© (sIli-ko-fltI//or-Id), n. (Chem.) (M2SIF6.) A salt of silico-fluorio acid. See SnJtfo- tluokic. SI 11c u lo sa (8i-Hk/fl-10"sa), n. pi. ( Bot.) One of the two orders into which Linnaeus divided his class Tetradynamia. It comprehends those plants which h&VQ A sillclOe Sil i qua ri a (BU'i-kw&"ri-a), n. (ZoOl.) A genus of marine gasteropodous molluscs with a tubular shell, found both fossil and recent. Cuvier places the genus in the order Tubulibranchiata. 111. PI. 18, Fig. 2. Sil I quous (sll'i-kwtis), a. (Bot.) Bearing siliquae ; siliquose. Silk (silk), n. A garment made of silk. She bethought her of a faded silk. Tennyson. Thrown silk is formed of one, two, three, or more singles, according to the substance required, twist- ed together in a contrary direction to that in which the singles of which it is composed are twisted. The silk so twisted is called organzine. Spun silk is waste silk, pierced cocoons, floss, etc., dressed, combed, formed into roviugs, and spun by processes and on machinery analogous to that used in the worsted manufacture.—Tussah silk, a term applied to the raw silk produced by a variety of moths other than the ordinary silkworm, Bombyx mori. Silk (silk), a. Made of silk; silken. ''Silk stock- ing).1 Shak.—To take silk, to attain the rank of queen's counsel. [Eng.] Silk (silk), n.—Silk-fowl (Ornith.), a variety of the domestic fowl with silky plumage. - Silk-hen, the fe- male silk-fowl (which see).—Silk-tree (Bot.), an or- namental deciduous tree, the Acacia Julibrissin, a native of the Levant. Sill (sil), n. 1. (Fort.) The Inner edge of the bottom or sole of an embrasure. 2* (Mining.) The floor of a gallery or passage in a mine.—Cbround sills, the timbers on the grouud which support the posts and superstructure of a timber building.—Sills of the ports, port-sills (Ship- building), pieces of timber let in horizontally be- tween the frames, to form the upper and lower sides of the ports. Stl ler (sll'er), n. Silver ; money. [Scotch.] Sil ler y (sll'er-i), n. [From the Marquis of Sillery, the owner of the vineyards yielding this wine.] A non-sparkling champagne wine, of an esteemed kind. Si lo (sl'lo), n. See Enrilagx. Sil phi dee (sll'fl-de), «. pi. (Entom.) A family of coleopterous insects, belonging to the section Pen- tamer a, and subsection Necrophaga. Silt (silt), v. i. To become choked, filled, or ob- structed with silt or mud: often with up; as, the channel got silted up. SI lu ri an( 8l-lfl'ri-an),a.—Silurian age, ffhe earliest of the Paleozoic ages, in whicLi the fossils consist distinctively of the forms of invertebrate life; hence, called also the Age of Invertebrates. Sil va du8 (sil-vft'nus), n. (Rom. Myth.) A Roman rural deity, so called from Lat. ailva, a wood. He ie usually represented with a sickle in his right hand and a bough in his left. He is described as the pro- tector of herds and trees from wolves and lightning, the god of agriculture, t the defender of bound- aries. Sil vcr (eTl'ver), a.—SiU«r age, the second mytho- logical period in the history of the world, following the simple and patriarchal golden age. It is fabled as under the rule of Jupiter, and was characterized by voluptuousness. See Oolden age under GoiiDEN, Iron age under Iron. The term silver age is also ap- plied to a period of Rotnan literature subsequent to the most brilliant period, and extending from about a. d. 14 to a. d. 180.— Silver paper, a kind of fine delicate paper, having one side washed with a metallic solution which imparts to it the appearance of silver. Sil ver (sll'ver), v. i. To become like silver in ap- pearance. [R.J Emerson. Sil ver ize (sll'ver-Iz), v. t. pret. and pp. silverized ; ppr. siloerizing. To coat or cover with silver ; to plate with silver; as, to ailvertze a plate. Silver-tongued (sTl'ver-t&ngd), a. Having a smooth tongue or speech. Sil ver y (sli'ver-i), a. Clear and soft) as the sound of a silver bell; as, silvery laughter. 811 y bum (sll'i-bum), n. (Bot") A genus of compos- ite plants belonging to the thistle group. S. Mar- ianum is the Carduua Marianus of Llnnieus, and is popularly known by the name of milk-thistle. Simarref (si-mar'), n. Same as Simar. 'A aU marre of the richest Persian silk.* Sir W. Scott. Sim a ru ba (6Im/a-rtt"ba), n. [The Caribbean name of S. officinalis.] (Bot.) A genus of the nat. order Simarubaceaa. They have compound leaves and small paniculate unisexual flowers. Sim eon ite (shn'e-on-It), n. (Eccl.) A follower of the Rev. Charles Simeon, a highly evangelical cler- Enan of the English Church, who in the end of t century endeavored to establish a fund, known as * the Simeon trust,1 for the purchase of cures, to whioLmen of similar sentiments with himself might 762 be presented; hence, a name sometimes given to Low-churchmen. Sometimes abbreviated into Sim. 'Most certainly I do mean to tell you so, if you ask me.' 'Ah, I see—a aim !' Farrar. Si ml a dse (si-mla-dS or sim'i-a-dS), > n.pl. (ZoOl.) Si ml 1 dse (si-ml'i-dS or slm'i-i-dg), ) A quadru- manous family of mammals now limited to include the higher apes, such as the orangs, gorilla, and chimpanzee. Sim i an (slm'i-an),) a. Of or pertaining to an Sim 1 al (slm^-al), > ape; having the character of an ape ; ape-like; simious. Their simial selves. , Jerrold. The simian... .brain. Sir C. Lyell. Sim i lar (slm'i-ler), n. That which is similar; that which resembles something else in form, ap- pearance, quality, or the like. Their respective similars in experience. H. Spencer. Sim pal (6im'pl), n. (ZoOl.) A beautiful little mon- key of Sumatra (Presbytes melalophos), remarkable for its extremely long and slender non-prehensile tail, and the black crest that traverses the crown of the head. Sim pi e som e ter (slm'pi-e-zQm"et-er), ». Same as Sympiesometer. Sim pie (slm'pl), n. 1. (A. Cath. Ch.) A feast cele- brated with less ceremony than a double or semi- double. 2* pi. The common people collectively; plebeians; the lower class; as, gentles and simples. [North of England and Scotch.] Used also in the plural in the old phrase, to cut for the simples=to perform an operation for the cure of silliness or foolishness. Indeed, Mr. Neverout, you should be cut for the sim- ) let, this morning. Swift. Sim plls tic (sim-plls/tik), a. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, simplicity; free from complex- ity. 4Simplistic theories.' James Freeman Clarke. Sim n la crum (sTm/tl-ia//krum), n. [Lat.] That which is made like, or formed in the likeness of any object; an image ; a- form; hence, a mere re- semblance as opposed to reality. Thackeray. Si mu li um (si-mfl'li-um), n. [Lat. aimulo, to feign.] (Entom.) A genus of dipterous insects of the family Tipulid®. One species is known by the name of sand-fly. Si murg (si-m»rg'), n. A fabulous monstrous bird of the Persians. Sin (sin), a.—Sin-bom, born of sin; originating, sprung, or derived from sin. * The ain-bom mon- ster' (Death). Milton.— Sin-bred, produced or bred by sin. 'Honor dishonorable, sin-bred.'* Milton.— Sin-eater (Eng. Antiq.), a person hired at funerals in ancient times to eat a piece of bread laid upon the chesf of a dead person, and so take the sins on himself, that the soul of the deceased might rest In peace. Slncli (sTnch), n. [Sp. cinoha, Lat. cinctus, a gird- le.] A girth for a saddle. [Western U. S.J Joaquin Miller. Sinch (sinch), v. t. To saddle, as a horse. [West- ern U. 8.] Joaquin Miller. Sing (sing), v. i.—To sing small, to adopt a humble tone; to assume the demeanor of a conquered, in- ferior, or timid person; to play a very subordinate or insignificant part. I must myself sing small in her company. Richardson. Sing (sing), v. t. 1« To usher, attend on, or cele- brate with song; to accompany or convoy with sing- ing ; as, to aing the old year out and the new year in. I heard them singing home the bride. Longfellow. 2* To act or produce an effect on by singing. She will sing the savageness out of a bear. Shak. Singe ing-ma clitne (slnj^ing-ma-shen'), n. A machine in which the fibrous down is removed from cotton cloth by passing it through a gas flame. Sin ger (singer), n. One who or that which singes; specifically (Calico-manuf.), (a) a person employed in singeing the nap off the cloth, (b) A singeing- machine. Sing ha ra-nut ( sfog-hft'ra-nfit), n. (Bot.) In Hindustan, the name given to the fruit of a species of Trapa, the T. bisptnoaa. These nuts are sweet and edible, and form an extensive article of culti- vation in Cashmere and other ptfrts of ttie East. Sing ing-bird (slng'lng-b6rd), n. A bird that sings a song-bird. Sing ing-bread (sTng'ing-brSd), n. (R. Cath. Ch.) The larger bread used by the priest in offering mass: so called because its manufacture was accom- panied by singing. Called also Singing-cakes and Houseling bread. Sin gle (s!ng/gl), a. (Bot.) Applied to a flower when there is only one on a stem ; in common usage, ap- plied to a flower not double.—Single perianth, a per- ianth of one verticil, as in the tulip and lily.—Single blessedness, the unmarried state; celibacy.. Shak. Sin gle (slng'gl), v. i. To move along at a gait be- tween a pace and a trot: said of horses. Single (slng'gl), a. and n.—Single-acting, a term applied to a steam-engine in which eteam is admit- ted to one side only of the piston.—Single-block, a block having but a single sheave; a single sheave in a pair of cheeks.— Single-breasted, applied to a coat or waistcoat which buttons only to one side, and has not flaps for over-lapping. This single-breasted black surtout. Dickens. SIPHONATA —Single-cut, a term applied to a file wnich has bot a single rank of teeth ; that is, having the teeth cut in one direction only, and not orossing.—Single- thorn (lchth.)% the popular name for a Japanese fish. (Monocentris Japonicus) of the family Berycid®, remarkable for the 6ize of its head, its strong thorn- like spines, and its mailed suit of hard projecting scales. Sin gle ton (slng'gl-ton), n. A single card which was the only card of a suit originally held in hand at whist. Webster. Sing lings (sTng'liugz^, n. pi. Same as Low-wines. Sing-song (slng'sCng), a. Drawling; chanting; monotonous, as sound ; as, a sing-song tone of voice. Sing-song (sing'sOng), v. i. To chant or sing in a monotonous voice ; hence, to compose monotonous, dreary poetry. 'You sit sing-songing here.' Tennyson. Sin gu lar ( sing 'gu -ler ), a.—Singular successor (Scots Law), a purchaser or other disponee, or ac- quirer by titles, whether judicial or voluntary, in contradistinction to the heir, who succeeds by a gen- eral title of succession or universal representation. Sin ic (sln'ik), a. [Lat. sinicus, from Heb. sinimr supposed to be the name for China.] Chinese. Sink (slngk), v. i. To invest, as money, more or less permanently in an undertaking or scheme for tbe sake of a profitable return, interest, or the like. —To sink the shop, to avoid allusion to one's calling. [Colloq.] Sink (slngk), n. Any place abounding in vice; as, a sink of corruption.—Sink-trap, a trap for a kitch- en sink so constructed as to allow water to pass down, but not allow reflow of air or gases. Sink ing-ripe (singling-rip), a. Ready to sink ; near sinking. [R.] Shak. Sin na mine (sln'a-mln), n. (Chem.) (C4H6N2.) A basic substance obtained indirectly from oil of mus- tard. 'Sin o log ic al (sjfa/o-18j"i-kal), a. Pertaining to sinology. Si nol o gist (si-nSl'o-jist), n. A sinologue. Sin o logue (sln'o-lOg), n. [Fr. sinologue, tnom Heb. sinim, China, and Gr. Aoyo?, discourse.! A student of the Chinese language, literature, history, etc.; one versed in Chinese. Si nol o gy (si-n51'o-ji), n. [See Sinologuk.] That branch of knowledge which deals with the Chinese language and connected subjects. SI no pi a (sl-nO'pi-a), )n. A pigment of a fine Si no pis (sl-nO'pis), > red color prepared from: the earth Binople. Sin to (shrto), )«. Same as Shinto, Shin* Sin to ism (eln'to-lzm), ) toism. Also written Sin- tu, Sintuism. Sin 11 a to-den tate (sln'tl-fl'to-den^tat),®. (Bot.) A term applied to a leaf which is sinuate and toothed. Si nu pal 11 al (sPnH-pftT'li-al), a. Of or pertain- ing to the Sinupallialia. Si nu pal li a li a (sl/nfl-pai'li-a//li-a), n. pi. [Lat. sinus, a bay, and pallium, a covering, a mantle.] (ZoOl.) A subdivision of the lamellibranchiate mol- luscs, characterized by large respiratory siphons and sinuated pallial line. Sio goon (sho*gdn')i n. Same as Shogun (which, see). Sio goon ate (sho-g0n'at), n. Same as Shogunate. Sioux (sO or si-O), re. sing, and pi. The name of an aboriginal race of Indians in North America, inhab- iting Nebraska, Wyoming, Dakota, etc. Called also Dakotahs. Siphon ) (sI;fon), n.—Siphon-barometer^ a barom- Sy phon ) eter in which the lower end of the tube is bent upward, in the form of a siphon. There are several varieties of siphon-barometers, but the most convenient is that invented by Gay-Lussac.— Siphon-bottle, a bottle for containing aerated waters which may be discharged through a bent tube by the pressure of gas.—Siphon-cup (Mach.), a form of lubricating apparatus in which the oil is led over the edge of the vessel by capillary action, ascending and descending in a cotton wick, and dropping on the journal.— Siphon-gauge, an instrument consist- ing of a glass siphon, partially filled with mercury, for indice'ing the degree of rarefaction which has been produced in the receiver of an air-pump. A gauge of this kind is also used to ascertain the de- gree of vacuum in the condenser of a steam-engine, and to indicate the pressure of a fluid contained in a vessel, when greater than the pressure of the ex- ternal atmosphere, and also the pressure of liquids, as water in pipes, etc.—Siphon-recorder, an instru- ment invented by Sir W. Thomson for recording messages sent through long telegraphic lines, a» the Atlantic cables and the like.— Wiirtemberg si- phon (so called from its having been first used in that place), a siphon with both legs equal, and turned up at the extremities, in which case so long as the extremities are kept on the same level, it will con- tinue always full and ready for use. Siphon (el'fon), v. t. To convey, as water, by means of a siphon; to transmit or remove by a si- phon. Water may be siphoned over obstacles which are less than 82 feet higher than the surface of the water. Pop. Ency. Si phon age (sPfon-fij), n. The use or operation of a 6iphon. Si pho na ta (sX/fo-n8"ta), ». pi. Same as Siphon- ida. ch, chain; g, po; j, job; ng, sin?; fh,tften; th, thin; w, wig; wh, whig; zh, arure; 00, food; oi, oil; ou, pound. jpp on this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SIPHONED ftl plio ne «e (sl-fO ne-S), n. pi. (Bot.) A nat. or- der of green-spored algse, of which there are two suborders, Caulerpeaa and Codies, the former all inhabitants of warmer regions, the latter often found in colder. Si phon i da (sl:f5n'i-da), n. pi. (ZoOl.) One of the two sections into which the lamellibrancbiate molluscs are divided, the other section being the Asiphonida. Si plion If er oils (sI'fon-Tf'er-tis), a. Having a siphon within a chambered 6hell, as the nautilus ; siphon-bearing. SI phon o bran chi ate (sI-ffln'o-brang//ki-at or sI'fon-o-br&ng//ki-at), a. .Pertaining or related to the division of gasteropodous molluscs Siphono* branchiates ; siphonostomatous. Si pho noplt o ra (sI'fo-n5f"o-ra), n. pi. [Gr. ep the strain from the shifting part. 111. PI. 18, Fig. 8.—Slip-dock ( Naut.), a dock whose floor slopes toward the water, so that it9 low- er end is in deep water, and its upper end above high- water mark. It is laid with rails to support the cra- dle.—Slip-hook (Naut.), a book which grasps a chain- cable by one of its links, and may be disengaged or slipped by the motion of a trigger, slidiug-ring, or the like.— Slip-kiln (Pottery), an oblong trough of stone or brick, bottomed with fire tile?, and heated by a furnace beneath, used for drying slip to a work- able consistence. See Slip, 4. Slipped (sllpt), a. (Her.) An epithet for a flower or branch depicted as if torn from the stalk. Slip per (sllp'er), n. (Coursing.) The functionary who holds the couple of hounds in the leash, and lets both slip at the same instant on a given signal when the hare is started. [Eng.] Slip per-bath (slfp'er-bflth), n. A bathing-box, made usually of tinned iron or zinc plates, shaped like a'hlgh shoe, to enable the bather to take a half- horizontal, half-vertical position. Slip per wort (sllp'er-w6rt), n. (Bot.) A common name for plants of the genus Calceolaria, so called from the form of the lower lip of the corolla. See Calceolaria. Slip pi ness (sllp'i-nes), n. Slipperlness. 'The slippiness of the way.* [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Slips (slips), n. pi. That part of a theater at the sides of the stage where the wooden scenes are slipped on and off, and where the players may stand before appearing on the scene. Dickens. SSlp slop (elTp'slOp), ». Feeble composition. Slip slop (slTp'slOp), a. Feeble; poor; jejune. Slip-slop py (slIp//slQp/i), a. Slushy; wet; mud- dy. 4 A slip-sloppy day.' R. H. Barham. Slit (slit), n.—Slit planting, a method of planting which is performed by making slits in the soil with a spade so as to cross each other and inserting the plant at the point where the slits cross. Slit-deal (sllt'dSl), ». (Carp.) A lj-inch plank cut into two boards. Simmonds. SI oak en (alOk'en), n. Same as Sloke. Slog ger (sl6g/er), n. A second-class racing boat at Cambridge, corresponding to the torpid of Ox- ford. [English University slang.] Slop(sl5p), n.—Slop-book (Naut.), a. register of the slop clothing, soap, and tobacco issued to the men; also of the religious books supplied. [Eng.] Ad- miral Smyth.—Slop-dash, weak, cold tea, or other inferior trashy beverage; slipslop. He shall have nothing bat slop-dash. Miss Edgeworth. —,Slop-pail, a pail or bucket for receiving slops, or for chamber use.—Slop-room (Naut.), the place ap- pointed to keep the slops in for the ship's company.— Slop-work, the manufacture of cheap, ill sewn, ready- made clothing. Slope (slop), n. Specifically, (a) (Civil Engin.) an incUned bank of earth on the sides of a cutting or an embankment. (6) (Mining.) The dip or inclina- tion of a stratum or vein of ore. «(c) (Fort.) The in- clined surface of the interior, top, or exterior of a parapet or other portion of a work. Slope (slop), v. t. pret. and pp. sloped # ppr. sloping. To give the slip to; to defraud by running away; as, to slope a shop. [Vulgar. Eng.] Slosh (slflsh), v. i. To flounder among slosh or soft mud. On we went, dripping and sloshing. Kinglaks. SMALIi Slot (sl5t), v. t. pret. and pp. slotted; ppr. slotting. To shut with violence ; to slam. [Prov. Ens.] R*u. Slot (slOt), n. [Sw. slutt, a slope, a declivity.] A hol- low.—SJof of a hill, a hollow in a hill or between two ridges.—Slot of the breast, the pit of the stomach. [Scotch.] Sloth (slOth or sloth), ».—Sloth animalcule. See MACBOBiOTnxs.—Australian sloth, a name given to the koala.— Sloth bear. See Aswail. Slouch (slouch), n. A depression or hanging down, as of the brim of a hat.—Slouch-hat, a hat with a hanging brim. Slov ak (slOv'ak or slO-vfik'), n. One of a Slavic race inhabiting North Hungary. In the ninth cent- ury they formed an independent kingdom (Mora- via), but were gradually subjugated by the Magyars, to whom even yet they bear no friendly feeling; also, the language of the Slovaks. Slov ak (slOv ak or slo-vik'), a. Of or pertaining to the Slovaks or their language. Slo van (slO'van), n. (Mining.) A gallery in a mine; a day level: especially applied to damp places. Weale. Slo ve nl an (slo-v6'ni-an), n. A Slavic dialect . used in Carinthia, Carniola, a portion of North Istria, and in South Styria. Slow (slO), a.—Slow coach, ohe who is slow in move- ment ; one who is deficient in quickness or smart- ness ; a dawdle. Our present girl is a very slow coach, but we hope some day to sport a buttons. Dean Ramsay. —Slow-hound, a sleuth hound. Slow (slO), adv. Slowly. [Poet, or colloq.] How slow this old moon wanes ! Shak. Slow (slO), v. i. To slacken in speed ; as, the loco- motive began to slow. Slow-sure (eiO'shOr),o. Slow and sure. [R.] Emerson. Slub ber (slfib er), n. 1* One who slubs or who mannges a slubbiug-machiue. 2. A slubbing-maehine. Slud (slQd), n. [Abbr. from sludge.j (Mining.) A term given to the water and mud mixed together which runs off in washing some minerals. Weale. Sludg y (slQj'i), a. Miry; full of sludge; slushy. Sluds (sludz), n. pi. (Mining.) Half-roasted ore. Slue (sIQ), v i. To turn about; to turn or swing round; to deflect from an expected or desired course : often followed by round. Slued (slftd), a. Intoxicated; druDk;as, he was rather slued. [Slang.] Dickens. Slue-rope (sltl'rOp), n. (Naut.) A rope applied for turning a spar or other object in a required di- rect ion. Slug horn (slQg'horn), n. Same as Slogan. Sluice (sllis), n. 1. (Steam-engines.) The injeo- tion-valve by which tho water of condensation is in- troduced into the condenser. 2. A tubulure or pipe through which water is di- rected at will. Knigfft. 3. pi. (Oold-mining.) A series of boxes jaiued together and fitted with riffle-blocks, through which tho gold-bearing dirt is washed. 9 Sluice (sills), v. t. i. To scour or cleanse by means of sluices; ast to sluice a harbor. 2. To emit as by a sluice; to let gush out. 'Sluiced out his innocent soul through streams of blood.* JR.] Shak. Sluice-way (slfls'wfl), n. 1. An artificially con- structed channel or passage into which water is ad- mitted by a sluice. 2* A trough built over tho bed of a stream so that lumber, logs, and the like, can be floated down to some desired spot. Slump (slump), n. [Dan. 8/^mp, a lot, a number of things indiscriminately; Sw. hlumpa, to buy thinga in block D. slomp, a mass, a heap.] The gross amount& whole without regard to its parts; as,to take things in the slump. [Colloq.] Slump (slump), v. t. To throw together into a sin* gle lot or mass; as, to slump tho work or charges. Slump (slump), a. Applied to a whole without ref- erence to its parts; as, a slump amount. [Colloq.] Slurry (slfir'i), v.t. [From star.] To dirty; to smear. [Prov. Eng.] Slush-buck et (slftsh'/biik'et), n. (Naut) A buck- et kept in the tops to grease the masts, sheets, etc., to make all run smoothly. Slype (slip), n. (iircJi.) A covered alley or pas- sage often found between the end of the transept and the oloister house in monasteries. Sma'(smft),a. Small. [Scotch.] Smack er (smilk'er), n. 1. Oue who smacks. 2. A 6inack or loud kiss. [In both senses famil- iar.] Smaik (smftk),n. [Icel. smeykr, smeykinn, mean- spirited, timid. 1 A puny fellow; a silly fellow ; a paltry rogue. [Scotch.] Smal kal die (sraal-k#rdik), a. Pertaining to Smalkalden in Central Germany. — Smalkaldie League% a league entered into at Smalkalden in 1531 by nine Protestant princes and eleven free cities for the mutual defense of their faith and political independence against the Emperor Charles V.— Smalkaldie Articles, the articles drawn by Luther and signed by the theologiaus present at Smalkal- den in 1537,' the principal object of which was to serve as a representation of the Protestant faith to the council announced to be held at Mantua. Small (smgl), a.—Small fruits, fruits such as straw- berries, raspberries, and the like, cultivated in gar- Noxaviom: fi,6,1,0, long; A, 8,1, 8, tt,abort; a, e, 1, o, u, obacq^Sk ffir, fgll, l$at, c&re; h6r, mOve,or; byll, fi, Fr.; ft, Fr., ton; ^ On this page will be found words, pliraseB and definitions NOT contained in ttie latest edition^ of Webster's and Wor- Qerter's Unabridged Dictionaries. *7Q >SMALL dene.—Small Hours, the three or four hours after midnight. Small l*ra$l), n.—Small of an anchor (Naut.)% that part of the shank Immediately under the stock. Small («mt}I), adv. 1* In a small quantity or de- gree; Httle. 4 It small avails.' Shak. 2* With n clear aud high sound. 8he....speaks small like a woman. Shak, 3. To or in 6mall particles; as, sugar pounded email. 4. Timidly ; as, to sing small, that is, to speak humbly from fear. [Colloq.] Small (enugl), Small-beer.—To think small beer of, to have a low opinion of; to hold in slight es- teem. Well, well, we don't think email tfittr o/oumolvea, my noble friend. Thackeray. —Small-fry, 6mall creatures collectively ; young children; persons of no importance. [Colloq.]— Small-hand, the hand of writing used In ordinary correspondence, as distinguished from text or large band. —Small-reed (Dot.), a plant of the genus Arundo, the.l. Calamagrostis< which grows in march- es and moist woods and hedge*. Smalls f smalz), n. pi. 1 • Small clothes. 2* The 'little go,' or previous examination ; as, to be plucked for one's emails. [Eng. University slang, j Smal lo (sm&l'to), n. [It.] A small square orcube of enameled glass or the like used in mosaic work; a te.-.«era. Smash (sniflsh), v. t. 1. To go to pieces ; to be ru- ined ; to fail; to go to utter wreck; to become bank- rupt : often with up. [Colloq.] To utter ba^-e coin. [Slnng.] Smauli (etndsh), n. Iced brundy-and-water; as, a brnu(ty smash. [Slnng.] Sill a all ing-ma chine (snuWing-ma-shen'), n. A press used by book-binders for pressing books. Siuat ter (smfit or), v. t. To talk ignorantly or su- perficially about; to use in conversation or quote in a superficial manner. Hudibras. Smear-case (snjgr'kfls), n. [D. smeer-kaas—smeer, greace, and kaas, cheese.] A preparation of milk made to be spread on bread ; otherwise called Cot- taye-chtcse, [U. S.] Smed dum (sm6d uin), n. [A Scotch word. A. Sax. smedeme, meal, fine flour.] 1* The powder or finest part of ground malt; powder of whatever kind. 2. Sagacity; quickness of apprehension; spirit; mettle ; liveliness. Sme life (sm6 lit), n. A kind of kaolin or porcelain clay, found in connection with porphyry in Hunga- ry. It is worked into ornaments in the lathe aud polifhed. Weale. Smelling-salts (smering-sglts), n. pi. Volatile salts used for exciting the organs of smell. Smell-less ) (emel le*).a. 1* Not having the sense Smel less ) of smell. 2. Scentless; odorless; having no smell. 'Dais- ies smell-les*, yet most quaint.' Beau. <& Fl. Smell-trap (smfil'trfip), ». A drain-trap; a stinkl trap. Jtingsley. Smelt le (smClt i), n. A Scotch name of the fish otherwise called the bibf Smelt ing (smfilt ing), n. The process of obtain- ing metals, as iron, copper, lead, etc., from their •res by the combined action of heat, air, and fluxes. Smelt ing-fur liace (sniSlt' ing-f6r'n3s), ». a furnace in which metals are separated from their ores. Smerte t (smArt or smArt e), v. i. To smart. Chaucer. Smile (smll), ». A dram ; a drink of liquor, f Slang. U. s.] Smith er eens (smTCh'er-Snz), ) ». pi. Small frag- SmiBli era (smtth'erz). ) ments; flinders. "Knocked heaps of things to smithereens.' W. Black. * Smash the bottle to smithers.* Tennyson. [Prov. or colloq. Eng.] Smock (smflk), v. t. To provide with or clothe iu n smock or smock-frock. 'Though smocked, or furr'd and purpled, still the clown.' Tennyson. Smock-trea son (smfik"tre/zn), n. Female trea- son : treason by a woman. [Eng.] Smoke (smuk), n. 1. Something frivolous or of no importance or consequence; barrenness of re- sult; utter failure; mere phrases ; idle talk; vani- ty ; emptiness; as, the affair ended in smoke. The helpless smoke of words doth me no right. Shak. 2. The act of drawing in and pulling out the fumes of burning tobacco. 'Soldiers, lounging about, taking an early smoke.1 W. H. Bussell.—Like smoke, very rapidly. • Tf.king money like smoke,* [Slang.] Mayhew. Smoke (flmOk), ft.—Smokis-bell* a glass bell suspend- ed over a^as-light to intercept the smoke and pre- vent its blackening the celling Immediately over the jet.—Smoke-consumer, ar. apparatus for consuming or burning all the smoke from a firz.—Smoke-far- thing y (a) same as Pentecostal. (b) Same as Hearth- money. —Smvke-house, a juilding employed for the purpose of curing flesh oy smoking. It is provided with hooks for suspending the pieces of meat, which are hung over a smolde -ing fire kindled at the bob- torn of the apartment.— Smoke-money, Smoke-penny, same as Smoke-silver. — Smoke-silver, money former- ly paid annually to tbe minister of a parish as a ch, chain; g. go; j,^ob; ng, einp; On this page will be found words, cester's Unabridged Dictionaries. 7 (it) modus in lieu of tithe-wood. [Eng.]—Smokestack, a name common to the funnel of a locomotive or a steam-vessel.—Smoke-tight, impervious to smoke; not permitting smoke to enter or escape. Smok ing (6m0k'ing), n. The act of one who or that which smokes ; specifically, the act or practice of inhaling tobacco smoke from a pipe or cigar ; as, to be addicted to smoking. Smok ing (smOk'ing), a. X. Emitting smoke; as, a smoking furnace. 2* Used for smoking or having its smoke inhaled; as, a smoking mixture. 3« Set apart for the purpose of smoking in, or for beiug occupied by smokers; as, a smoking car; a smoking room ; a smoking saloon. Smok illg (smOk'ing), n.—Smoking-cap, a light or- namental cap, generally resembliug a flattish fez, used by smokers and others for indoor wear.—Smok- ing-car, a railway car iu which passengers are al- lowed to smoke. [U. S.] Smolder ) (smol der), v.'i. According to Low- Smoulder J ell, the I has been introduced into this word erroneously from its supposed analogy to u>ould. Smooth (smOtfc), n. The act of making smooth. She----gave one smooth to her hair, and finally let in her visitor. Thackeray. Smooth (smftfh), o. and n.—Smooth-bore, same as Smooth-bored.—Smooth-bore, a firearm with a smooth-bored barrel, in opposition to a rifle.— Smooth-bored^ having a smooth bore, as opposed to a rifled barrel.— Smooth-faced, (a) having a smooth face; beardless. (6) Having a mild, soft, bland, or winning look. 'Smooth-faced wooers.' Shak. (c) Having a fawning insinuating look. Shak, (d) Having a smooth face or surface'in general. Smothered (smQth'erd ), o. — Smothered mate (Chess), a form of mate which is only possible when the king is surrounded by his own men and check is given by a knight. Smoth er-fly (smfith'er-flT), n. (Entom.) A name given to the various species of the Aphis, from the destruction they effect on plants. 'A shower of aphides or smother-flies.* Gilbert White. Smudge-coal (smOj kOl), n. A miner's name for coal which has been partially deprived of its bitu- men through com Jug in contact with trap-dykes, etc., in a state of neat, and so been converted into a kind of natural coke. Called also Blind-ooal, Stone- coal. Smug-boat (smtig'bot), ». A contraband boat on the coast of China; an opium boat. Smug-faced (smfig'ffist), a. Having a smug or precise face; prim-faced. A smug-faced client. J, Balllie. Smug gle (smfig'l), v. i. To carry on tbe practice of smuggling. The temptation to smuggle must be diminished by lowering the duties. Cyc. of Commerce. Smul kin (smQl'kin), «. An Irish brass coin cur- rent in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, of the value of Jd. Smut-ball ( sm&t'bal), n. (Bot.) The common name of a fungus, Tilletia or Uredo caries, of the section Coniomycetes, very destructive to wheat. Smyrnium (str^r'ni-uni), n. [From Lot. Smyr- na, myrrh. The plants have the odor of myrrh.] A genus of plants, uat. order Umbellifer®. Sinyte rie ) (smlt'ri), n. A numerous collection of Smy t rie J" small individuals. 1A smytrie o' wee duddie weans.' [Scotch.] Burns. Sn. The chemical symbol of tin (stannum). Sitaf fling-lay (snfif'ling-la), n. The practice of highway-robbery. [Slang. Eng.] Fielding. Snail (snftl), n. A piece of spiral machinery some- what resembling a snail; specifically, the piece of metal forming part of the striking work of a clock. -Snail-movement, a name sometimes given to the eccentric of a steam-eugine. Snail-fish(snfll flsh), n. (ZoOl.) A species of Lip- aris, found iu the British Islands, and so called from its soft texture, and the habit of the fish to fix itself to rocks like a snail. Snake (.snSk), n.—A snake in the grass, a secret or treacherous enemy. Snake (snflk), v. i. To move or crawl like a snake. [U. 8.] Snake (sn£k), n.—Snake-eel (Zo6l.), a popular name of the fishes which constitute the family Ophisuri- dae of some naturalists, but which others cla«s with the true eels in the family Mursenidre, from the tail tapering to a point like that of a snake. They are natives of warm seas.—Snake-fly (Entom.), the pop- ular name of neuropterous insects of the group Ra- phidiadse, and so called from the elougated form of the head and neck, and the facility with which they move the front of the body in different directions. —Snake"1 s-beard (Bot.). the common name of plants of the genus Ophiopogon, nat. order Liliacese, be- longing to China and Japan.—Snake-stone, a small rounded piece of stone, or other hard substance, popularly believed to be efficacious in curing snake bites. Snakes (sndks), n. pi" See Shobhones. Snap (sn5p), v. i. To give a sharp cracking sound, such as that of the hammer of a firearm when it de- scends without exploding the charge; as, the pistol snapped. Snap (sndp), n. Life; energy; vigor. [Colloq. U. S.]—Top-snap action, a term used in reference to £h, fien; th, thin; w, wig; wh, toMg; zh, phrases and definitions NOT contained in SNOD breech-loading shot-guns when the lever by whielv- the breech-end of the barrels is disengaged is placed on the top of the barrels; distinguished from side snap action in which the lever iB on the side. Snap-bug (snflp'bllg), n. (Entom.) A name popu- larly given to beetles of the family Elateridae, from the snapping noise they make in turning when placed upon their backs. Called also Skip-jack. Snap ping-tur tie (snap 'ing-t^r'tl), n. (EoOl.) A specie# of fresh-water tortoise belonging to the genus Chelydra (C. serpentina of Agassiz, Trionyx ferox of others), common to all parts of the United States: so named from its propensity to snap at everything within its reach. Snarl (snarl), v. t. To raise or form hollow or in- dented work in narrow metal vases. See Skapxing- IRON. Snarl ing-iron (snarl//ing-I/ern), n. An iron tool used in the operation of snarling. It consists of a straight arm with an upturned end. This is injro- duced into the vessel to be operated on ^vith the end bearing upon the part to be raised or expanded, and blows struck on the end which is without the vessel cause the other end to act on it by repercus- sion. Snarl-knot (snftrl'nOt), n. A knot that cannot be drawn loose. [Prov. Eng.] Snash (sn£sh), n. [Same word as Sw. sncesa, to chide sharply ; or a form formed by a mixing up of snap and gnash. Comp. also Dan. snaske, to champ food with noise.] Insolent, opprobrious language; impertinent abuse. [Scotch. J Burns. Snaw (sna),«. Snow. [Scotch.] Sneak er (snSk'er), n. One who sneaks ; one who wants spirit; a sneak. 'Sneakers and time-servers.* Waterland. Sneaky (snSk'i), a. Characteristic of a sneak;. sneaking. [Colloq.] Sneck (snSk), v. t. To put the door latch or catch on; as, to sneck a door. [Scotch.] Sneck-draw er (sn€k;/ar§/er), n. A latch-lifter ; a bolt-drawer; a sly fellow; a cozener; a cheat, [Scotch.] Gait. Sneck-draw Ing (snSk'^r^'ing), a. Crafty; coz- ening ; cheating. [Scotch.] Burns. Sneck-up (snSk'up), ) interj. [Probably contr. Sn2ck-up f (snfk'up), ) from his neck up. Wares.} Go bang ! be hanged I We did keep time, sir, in our catches. Sneck-upt Shak. Give him money, George, and let him go enick-vp. Beau. . i. To submit tamely. [Scotch.] Tannahill. Snool (snOl), n. One who meanly hubjects himself to the authority of another. ' Ye silly anools.' [Sc.] Ramsay. Snot ter (snQt er), n. 1. The red of a turkey- cock's head. 2* Snot. [Scotch.] Snorf (enO), n. and a. Something that resembles snow, as white blossoms. * The scent of the elder bushes which were spreading their summer snoto close to the open window opposite.* George Eliot.— Snow^ipple, a 6pecies of apple.—Snow-ball (Cook- ery), a kind of pudding made by putting rice which has been swelled in milk round a pared and cored apple, tying up in a c}oth, and boiling well.—Snow- blanket, a farmers' name for such a covering of enow as protects, or materially contributes to pro- tect, vegetation from the severity of the weather.— Snow-blink, the peculiar reflection that arises from fields of ice or suow. Called also Snow-light.—Snow- boot, a boot intended to protect the foot from snow; specifically, a kind of golosh with an india-rubber sole and felt uppers covering the boot worn inside of it.—Snuwbreuk, a melting of snow; a thaw. Car- lyle —Snow-cap, a covering of snow, as in the polar regions.—Snow-eyes, pi., a contrivance us^d by the Esquimaux as a preventive to snow-blindness. The£ are made 01 extremely light wood, with a bridge resting on ti e nose like spectacles, and a narrow slit for the passage of the light.— Snow-fed, origin- ated or augmented by melted snow; as, a snow-fed stream.—Snoiv-field, a wide expanse of snow, espe- cially permanent snow.—Snow-flake, a variety of po- tato.—Snow-hut, a hut built of snow ; a enow-house used by the Esquimaux, etc.—Snow-limbed, having limbs white like snow. 4 The snow-limbed jve from whom she cnrne.' Tennyson.—Snow-mold, i fungous plant, the Lanosa nivalis, which grows beneath enow, on grasses and cereal crops. It is especially injurious to barley and rye.— Snow-plant (Bot.), the popular name of a genus (Protococcus) of micro- scopic algje, which grow in snow and give it the appearance of being colored.—Snow-skate, a thin, elastic piece of wood, about 6 feet long, and as broad as the foot, used by the Lapps for skating on the snow, and to some extent by the Swedes and Nor- wegians. Snow Ish (snO'ish). a. Resembling snow; white like snow; snowy. 4 Her snowish neck.' [R.] Warner. Snub (enfib), n. A nose flat at the bridge, and broad and somewhat turned up at the tip. My father's nose was aquiline, and mine is a snub. ^ Marryatt. Snub blng (snBb'lng), n. The act of treating with contempt; the act of checking or restraining one with sarcasm or insult; reprimand. [Colloq. 1 Snub bish (sn&b'ish), a. Tending to snub, check, or repress. To make religion sad and sour and snubbish. Hood. Snub by (snfib'i), a. Short or flat. 4 Snubby noses.1 Thackeray. Snub-post (su&iypOst), ) n. 1. (Naut.) Snub Ding-post (spub'ing-pOst), ) A strong post on a wharf or on the shore, around which a rope is thrown to check the motiou of a vessel. 2« A hitching-post for horses. Snuff (snuf), n.-Snuff-rtish, among the Jews, a dish for the snuff of the lamps of the tabernacle. The snuff-dishes thereof fhall be of pure gold. Ex. xxv. 88. —Snuff-mill, a mill or machine for grinding tobac- co into the powder known as snuff. Snuff er-dlsb (snuf'er-dlsh), ) n. A small stand Snuff er-tray (snQf'er-tril), f of metal, papier- m&cb6, etc., for holding snuffers. Snuff ter (snQf'ler), ». One who makes a preten- tious assumption of religion ; a religiou* canter. You know I never was a snufflcr. T, Hughes. So (s0), adv. Thereabouts ; as, I shall start in a day or ao.-r-So far forth,f to such a degree or extent; as . far. '(Jiving commendation to them so far forth as they were worthy to be commended.' The Translators of the Bible to the Reader. So (Rfl), interj. Stand still ! stop ! halt! that will do 1 Soak ing (sGk'ing), n. A wetting; a drenching. Few in the ships escaped a good soiking. Cook. So-and-so (sO'atid-sO). A certain person or thing, not mentioned by name; an indefinite person or thing ; as, I-saw Mr. So-and-so yesterday ; will you do so-and-so t [Colloq.] Soap(sOp), n. Flattery. [Slang.] Soap (sOp), n.—Soap-engine, a machine upon which the slabs of soap are piled to be cross-cut into bars. Weale.—Soap-fat, refuse fat and the like used in making soap; kitchen-stuff.—Soap-house, a house or building in which soap is made.—Soap-lock, a 767 lock of hair made to lie smooth by soaping it.— Soap-pan, a large pan or vessel, generally of cast- iron, used in the manufacturing of soap to boil the ingredients to the desired consistency.—Soap-plant (Bot.), a name common to sevoral plants used in place of soap, as the Phalangium pomaridianmn of California, whose peeled bulb, when rubbed on wet clothes, raises a lather, its smell somewhat resem- bling that of new brown soap.—Soap-test, a test for determining the hardness of water by observing the quantity of curd thrown up by a solution of soap of known strength.—Soap-work, a place or building for the manufacture of soap. Soap y (eOpi), a. (Fig.) Flattering; unctuous; glozing: 6aid of persons, language, etc. [Colloq. or slang. J Soar ant (sOr'ant), o. (Her.) Flying aloft; soar- ing. Soar-fal con (sOr//f&l'kn or s0r"f§'kn1, n. A fal- con of the first year; a sore-falcon. So be it (sO-bf^it), conj. [So, be, if.] Provided that; if only. The heart of his friend cared little whither he went, sobeit he were not too much alone. Longfellow. So ber (sO-'ber), r. i. 1. To become sober, staid, or sedate : often with down, Vance gradually sobered down. - l&vd Lytton. 2* To recover from a fit of drunkenness. So ber (sO'ber), a.—Sober-blooded, free from passion or enthusiasm; cold-blooded; cool; calm. This same young sober-blooded boy. Shak. —Sober-suited, clad in dark or sad-colored gar- ments ; not gayly dressed. 4 Thou sober-suited ma- tron.' Shak. Soc dol o ger (sok-dOl'o-jer), ) n. [A perversion Soc do] a ger (sok-dOl'a-jer), J of doxology.] That which settles the matter ; the winding up of a de- bate ; a conclusive statement; a settler ; hence, a knock-down or decisive blow. Written also Stock- dologer, Stockdolager. [Colloq. U. S.] So cia bil i ty (sO'sha-bri"i-ti or sO'shi-a-bTl 'i-ti), n. (Positive .T1hilos.) True social feeling; a due regard for the i.est interest and welfare of society. So cia ble (sO'sha-bl or sO'ehi-a-bl), n. 1* An open carriage with seats facing each other, and thus con- venient for conversation. 2, A kind of couch with a curved S-shaped back for two persons, rho sit partially facing each other. 3* An informal gathering of people for eocial purposes. [Colloq. U. S.] Social (sO'shal), a. (ZoOl.) Living in groups or communities, as wolyes, deer, wild cattle, etc.; or as ants, bees, etc., *vhich form co-operative commu- nities.—Social contract or original contract, that im- aginary bond of union which keeps mankind to- gether, and which consists in a sense of mutual weakness, tt is the "olid and natural foundation, as well as the cement, of civil society.—Social sci- ence, that science which concerns itself with all mat- ters affecting the social condition and well-being of man as a member of an organized community, as questions relating to public health, education, la- bor, punishment of crime, reformation of crimi- nals, pauperism, and the like.— Social dynamics, that branch of sociology which treats of the condi- tions of the progress of society from one epoch to another.—Social statics, that branch of sociology which treats of the conditions of the stability or equilibrium of the different parts of society, or the theory of the xmnnal action and reactiou of con- temporane us social, phenomena on each other, giv- ing rise ti* tfhat is called social order.—Social war (Rom. Hist.), the name giv«n to the struggle (b. c. 91) in which the Italian tribes, who were specially termed the allies of the Roman state, fought Jor ad- mission into Roman citizenship, which would give them among other things the right to share in the distribution of public lands.—The social evil, a term frequently applied to prostitution* So cial ism (sO'shal-tzm), n. A form of commu- nism having for its object the abolition of private property and all efforts for promoting individual interest or advantage. Socialists -of extreme views also favor the compulsory abolition of marriage, the family, religion, and personal freedom. So cial ist (sO'shal-ist), a. Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, socialism ; socialistic. So ct al i ty (sO'«hi-al"i-ti), n. (Philos.) In the philosophy of Comte and Fourier, the true social principles on, which society is based; true social ex- istence. So ci e ta ri an ,(so-eT'e-ta"ri-an), n. Of or relat- ing to society ; societary. 1 The all-sweeping besom of societarian reformation.' Lamb. So ci e ty (so-sl'e-ti), n.—Society journal or newspa- per, a journal whose main object is to chronicle the sayings and doings of fashionable society.—Society verses, verses for the amusement of polite society; poetry of a light, entertaining, polished character. So ci oc ra cy (sO'shi-Ok"ra-si), n. [Lat. socius, a companion, and Qr. icpaTos, rule.] The rule of so- ciety ; specifically (Positive Philos.), 4he right pos- sessed by society of claiming from all its members their services and obedience. So ci ol o gist (sO'shi-SFo-jist), n. One versed in or devoted to the'study pf sociology. J. S. Mill. So cl ol o gy (sO'shi-Or'o-ji), n. The science which investigates the laws or forces which regulate hu- man society in all its grades, existing and historical, savage and civilized; the science which treats oi SOLANAL iue general structure of society, the laws o£ its velopment, and the progress oL actual civillzatiaa. See also under Social. Sock-plate (sOk'piat), n. A plate from which a- plow-share is made. Soc o trine (eOk'o-trln), a.—Socotrtne aloest the best kind of aloes, obtained from the leaves of Aloe socotrina, a native of Socotra and the Cape of Good Hope, but now commonly cultivated in the Eabt T«. dies. So da (sO'da), n.—Soda-feldspar, same as Otigoclase. —Soda-lime (Chem.), a mixture of caustic 6oda and quicklime, used chiefly for nitrogen determination; in organic analysis.—Soda-paper, a paper saturated with carbonate of soda: used as test-paper, and also for inclosing powders which are to be ignited under the blow-pipe, so that they may not be blown away. So da ic (so-da'ik), a. Of, relating to, or contain- ing soda; as, sodaic powders. Sod-burn ing (s5d/7b6rn/ing), n. (Agri.) The burning of the turf of old pasture-lands for the sake of the ashes, as manure. Sod den (sBd'n), v.i. To be seethed or 6oaked; to settle down, as if by seething or boiling. That sodLdens into the gangrene of old age. Mrs. S. C. Halt. Sod den (sBd^), v. t. To soak; to fill the tissues of with water, as in the process of seething; to sat- urate. 4 Clothes soddened with wet.' Dickens. So die (sO'dik), a. Of, relating to, or derived from, soda or sodium : applied to an acid, of which sodi~ urn forms the base. Sol't (s5ft), a.—Soft money, paper money, as distin- guished from hard cash or coin. [Colloq. U. S.] —Soft soap, (o) a coarse kind of soap, (b) As a slang term, flattery; blarney ; soft 6awder. Soft (sOft), n. A soft person; a person who is weak or foolish. [Colloq. or slang.] George Eliot. Soft (stfft), a. and n.—Soft-conscienced, having a ten- der conscience. 4 Soft-conscienced men.' S/wxfc.— Soft-eyed% having soft, gentle, or tender eyes. The soft-eyed virgin. Pope. —Soft-grass (Bot.), the common name of two spe- cies of plants of the genus Holcus (H. mollis and H. lanatus).—Soft-handed, having soft hands ; not able or unaccustomed to work.—Soft-horn, a foolish Ferson; one easily imposed upon; a greenhorn. Colloq.] Sof ta (sdf'ta), n. [Turk.] In Turkey, a pupil of a mcdrissa or secondary school engaged in profes- sional studies for offices in the church, the law, the army, or t£e state ; often restricted to students of the Koran. Written also Sophta. Softening (sOfn-ing), n. 1. The act of making- soft or softer. 2, (Paint.) The blending of colors into each other. 3* (Pathol.) A diminution of the natural and healthy firmness of organs or parts of organs ; mol- lities.—- Softening of the brain, mollities cerebri, an affection of the brain, in which it becomes pulpy or pasty. Soft ly (efift'li), adu.—To tcalk or go softly, tc express* sorrow, grief, contrition, and the like, by one's de- meanor. Ahab... .went softly. 1 Kings xxi. 27. Soft man(sOft/man), n. pi. Soft men (sOft'men). A workman employed in a steam flour-mill. Simmonds. Soft ness ( sftft'nes), n. (.4rt.) The opposite of boldness; in spme instances the term is used to des- ignate cgreeabLe delicacy; at other times, as in- dicative of v/ant of power. Fairholt. Soft y (65f'tL), n. A soft or silly person. [Colloq.] Sob (sO), interj. An expression uttered to.a cow to cause it to stand still or to quiet it. Spelled also so, So'maj^ } (so-maj'), n. See Brahmo-sama/. Soil (soil), v. i. To take on dirt; to take a soil or stain ; to tarnish; as, silver soils sooner than gold. Soil (soil), n. (Arch.) The principal rafter of a roof. [Prov. Eng.] Owilt. Soil-pipe (soil'pTp), n. A pipe for conveying front a dwelling-house, etc., foul or waste water, night- soil, etc. So ja (sO'ja or sO'ya), n. [From the sauce called soy.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants, the only known representative of which is S. hispida, a na- tive of Japan' and the Moluccas, and abupdant la the peninsula of India. Written also Soya. So ko (sO'kO), n. (Zodl.) The native name for a quadrumanous mammal closely allied to the chim- panzee, discovered by Dr. Livingstone at Manytte- ma, near Lake Tanganyika, in Central Africa. So la (sO'la), rv. [The name in Bengal.] (Bot.) A.*1 plant of the genus jEschynomene, the JE. aspera, common in moist places, and in the rainy season, in many parts of the plains of India. Written also Shola. j Solan fsO'lan), )n. Thegannet. Writ- So lan-goose (sO'lan-gOs), > ten also Solaitt^goose. So la na ce ce (sO/la-na"se-€), n.pi. (Bot.) A nat. order of monopetalous exogenous plants, composed of herbs or, rarely, shrubs, natives of most parte of the world, and especially within the tropics. The nightshade, potato, capsicum, tomato, egg-plant< and tobacco are all found in this order. So la nal (so-13'nal), a. (Bot.) Noting a genus of plants of which the potato (Solanum tuberosum) 1 the type. Notation : fi, 6,1, 0,11, long; &, 6,1, 5, ft, short; a, e, i, o, a, obscure; far, fall, f&st, cAre; Mr, mOve, or; boll, a, Fr.; ii, Fr., ton ; $0* On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged Dictionaries.SOLAE Solar (sO'ler), a.—Solar camera (Photog.)% an in- strument for enlarging pictures by sunlight.—Solar chronometer, a sun-dial adapted to show mean in- stead of solar time.—Solar engine, an engine in which the heat of the 6olar rays is concentrated to evaporate water or expand air, used as a motor for a steam or air engine.—Solar lamp, same as Ar- gand lamp.—Solar phosphuri, substances which are seen to be luminous in a dark place after having been exposed to light, as the diamond, putrid fish, calciued oy.ster shells, etc.—Solar plexus ( Anat.), an assemblage of ganglia which are distributed to all the divisions of the aorta.— Solar prominences, red flame-like masses seen in the atmosphere of the 6uu at a total solar eclipse.—Solar telegraph, a tele- graph in which the rays of the sun are projected from and upon mirrors. The duration of the rays makes the alphabet, after the maimer of the dol- and-dash telegraphio alphabet; a lieliostat. —Solar time. The f-atne as Apparent time. So la ti um (so-ia'shi-um), n. [Lat., cdnsolation, solace.] 1. That which compensates or comforts for loss; a compensation ; a bribe. 2. (Eccl.) An additional daily portion of food al- lotted to the inmates of religious houses under ex- cept ional circumstances. Sol dan (sOl'dan), n. An appellation formerly given to the commander-in-chief of the caliph's army, and afterward assumed by the governor of Egypt. Sol dan ric (sOidan-rik )< n. [Eng. soldan, and A. Sax. ric, rule.] The jurisdiction of, or country gov- erned by, a sultan : a sultanate. Sir W. Scott. Sol da te&que (s3rda-t£ska. [Fr., from soldat, a soldier.] Of or relating to a soldier ; soldier-like. Military cut9 and soldatesque manoeuvres. Thackeray. Sol der (sOl'der), v. t. (Fig.) To unite or combine in general; to patch up. And snider up their several schemes. Swtft. n. pi. Sol id 1111 gn la ta (sOl-id-ung'gu-lfT'ta), ) [Lat. solidus, solid, and ungulas hoof.J (ZoOl.) Thefamily of hoofed quadrupeds, comprising the horses, asses, and zebras, characterized by the feet having only a single perfect toe, each inclosed in a single broad hoof, without supplementary hoofs. 111. PL 18, Fig. 9. Called also Kquidce, Solipeds. Sol id us (sol i-dus), n. [Lat.J The name given after the time of Alexander Severus to the old Ro- man coin aureus, equivalent to £1. Is. l^d. (a little over $5) at the present value of gold. Its value was subsequently much diminished. A solidus of silver was also coined, which also underwent great varia- tions in weight and fineuess. It is historically repre- sented by the soldo of Italy and the sol or sou of France. Sol i se qui ous (sSl/i-sS//kwi-iis), n. [Lat. sol, solis, the sun, and sequor, to follow.] Following the course of the sun ; as, the sun-flower is a solisequious plant. Sol i taire (sSH-tar")* n. 1* The nanie given to a single diamond in a setting. 2* (Ornith.) (a) A bird of the genus Pezophaps, belonging to the dodo family, but differing from the dodo in having a smaller bill and shorter legs. P. solitarius% the only species of- whose existence there is any evidence, is now, like the dodo, extinct. (b) The namegivenin Jamaica toa species of thrush, the Ptilogonya armillatus. It'sings very sweetly, and is met with araon^r the mountain woods. So 1 i v e (so-iev' >, n. 1 Fr. ] A joist, rafter, or piece of wood, either split or 6awed, with which builders lay their ceilings. Sol lar (sOl ar|, ) n. (Arch.) An elevated chamber Sol ler (sOler), J in a church from which to watch the lamps burning before the altars. Ency. Brit. Sol lec I to (sol-lgch'6-tO) [It.] (Mus.) A term denoting that the music is to be performed with care. Sol ler et (s811er-et), n. [Fr. solleret, soleret, dim. of O. Fr.soller, a slipper.] One of the overlapping plates that formed the iron shoe of an armed knight. 111. PI. 18, Fig. 10. Sol-lu nar (sOl-lfl'nar), a. [Lat. aol, the sun, and iu/ia, the moon.] (Pathol.) Applied to the influence suppor-ed to be produced on various diseases when the sun and moon are in a state of conjunction. So lo graph (so lo-gr£f), n. [Lat. so!, the sun, and Gr. ypa^w, to write.] A name sometimes given to pictures on paper taken by the talbotypeorcalotype process. Simmonds. So lo 1st (sC'lo-ist), n. A solo singer orperformer. Sol pu gi dae (sol-pfl'ji-de), n. pi. (Entom.) A fam- ily of arachnidans, order Adelarthrosomata, of which the typical genus is Solpuga or Galeodes. Sol u bil i ty (sOra-bir'i-ti). n. Capability of be- ing solved, resolved, answered, cleared up, or dis- entangled, as a problem, question, doubt, or the like. • Soluble (sQl'fi-bl), a. (Fig.) Capable of being solved or resolved, as an algebraical equation ; ca- pable of being disentangled, cleared up, unfolded, or settled by explanation, as a doubt, question, etc. More soluble is this knot By gentleness than war. Tennyson. Solution (so-lfl shun), n.—Chemical solution, a perfect chemical union of a solid with a liquid, in accordance with the laws of definite proportions.— Mechanical solution, the mere union of a solid with a liquid in such a manner that its aggregate form is changed without any alteration of the chemical properties of either the solid or its solvent; thus sugar disolves in water without undergoing any chemical change. Soi vef (sSlv), n. A solution. Shak. So ma (sO'ma), n. (Bot.) A plant belonging to the nat order Asclepiadaceae, the Asclepias acida ; also an intoxicating drink obtained from the plant, which played an important part in the great Vedic sacri- fices of the ancient Hindus, by whom it was sup- po?ed to confer life and immortality upon those who drunk it. So maj (so-mfij7), n. See Bbahmo-samaj. So ma te ri a (sO'ma-tS^ri-a), n. (Ornith.) The genus containing the eider-duck. So ma to cyst (sO'ma-to-sIst), n. [Gr. >- fiaro 9, a body, and kwtis, a cavity.] (Z06I.) A pecul- iar cavity in the ccenosarc or connecting medium of the CalycophoridfB (Hydrozoa). So ma tome (sO'ma-tOm), n. [Gr. au/ua, body, and To/mi}, a cutting. J (Compar. Anat.) One of the sec- tions into which certain animal bodies are struct- urally divided ; one of the ideal sections into which an animal body may be regarded as divided. Som bre rite (som-brft'rlt), n. An earthy mineral consisting mainly of calcio and aluminio phosphates. Gotten; th, (Mn; wh,ic7iig; zh, phrases and definitions NOT contained in SOOJA It forms a large portion of some small islands in the Antilles, especially of Sombrero, and has been used as an artificial manure and for the manufacture of phosphorus. It is supposed to be the decayed bones of turtles and other marine animals. Called also Sombrero-guano. Some gate (sQm'giit), adv. Somehow ; somewhere. [Scotch.] Som er set (sQm'er-6et), n. A saddle, the flaps of which are stuffed before and behind the legs of the rider. [Eng.] Som er vil lite (sOm'er-vil-it), n. (Min.) A Yesu- vian mineral, occurring in pale, dull, yellow crys- tals, related to gehlenite. It is composed chiefly of silica, alumina, lime, and magnesia. Some such (sum such), a. Denoting a person or thing of that kind. Something (sum'thing), n. A person or thing meriting consideration ; a person or thing of im- portance. If a man think himself to be something, when he is nothing, he deceiveth himself. Gal. vi. 3. Some times (s&m'tlmz), a. Former. [Obs. or E.] My sometimes royal master's face. Shak. Some when (sum wh6n), adv. At some time, in- definitely. 'At a later time, somewhen before the eighth century,' [R.] Dr. J. A. H. Murray. So mite (sO'inlt), n. [Gr. tru/na, a body.] A single segment in the body of an articulated animal. H. A. Nicholson. Som mer (sfim'er), n. (Arch.) A girder of a floor; a summer. Som nam bu lar (som-nam'bu-ler), a. Of or re- lating to somnambulism or sleep. * Somnambular repose.1 E. B. browning. Soin nam bu late (som-nftm/bu-int), v. i. [Lat. somnus, 6leep, and ambulo, ambulatum, to walkr] To walk in sleep; to wander in a dreamy state, as a somnambulist. Carlyle. Som nam bule (som-nSm'btll), n. A somnambu- list ; a sleep-walker. Quart. Rev. Som flii a to ry (etfm'ni-a-to-ri), a. [Lat. somnium, a dream. J Of or pertaining to dreams or dreaming; relating to or producing dreams ; somniative. 1 Som- niatory vaticinations and predictions.' Southey. Som nip a tliist (som-nlp'a-thist), n. A person in a somnolent state induced by mesmerism. Writ- ten also Somnopathist. Somnivolency (som-nTv'o-len-si), n. [Lat. somnus, sleep, and t-oZo, to wish.] Something to in- duce sleep ; a soporific. [R.] These somnivolencies (I hate the word opiates on this occasion) have turned her head. Richardson. Som no lism (s5m'no-lTzm), n. The state of being in magnetic sleep ; the doctrine of magnetic sleep. Som nop a tliist (6om-n$p a-thist), n. Same as ifonmipathist. Som nop a thy (som-nQp'a-thi), n. Same as Som- nipathy. Som nus (sfim'nua), n. (Class. Myth.) The person- ification and god of sleep, described as a brother of Death (Mors), and as ason of Night (Nox). Inwork9" of art, Sleep and Death are represented alike as two youths sleeping or holding inverted torches in their hands. Dr. W.Smith. So nant (sO'nant), n. (Pronunciation.) A conso- nant, the sound of which is prolonged or uttered with some degree of resonance or intonation, as m, n, in opposition to aspirates, as s, thy and hard mutes or surds, as/, p, t. Son chus "(sOn'kus), n. [Lat., the sow-thistlu.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Composite, suborder Cichoracese. The species are inhabitants of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Sohd f (sOnd), n. Sand. Chaucer. Sondef.(sQnd), n. [From send.] A message ; a sending; a visitation ; a dispensation.. Chaucer. Son de li (sOn'de-li), n. (ZoOl.) A species of shrew or insectivorous mammal, a native of Ind^'a. Song-bird (sOng'berd), n. (Ornith.) A bird that sings. The song-birds are chiefly confined to .cer- tain families of the order Insessores. Song-spar row (s5ng//spar'0), n. (Ornith.) (a) A name sometimes given to the hedge-sparrow, (b) A bird of the flnch family, found in North America; the Fringilla melodia. Son net eer (sSn'et-Sr"), v. 1. To compose son- nets; to rhyme. 'Rhymers sonneteering in their sleep.' E. B. Browning. Sonneteering (sdn'et-Sr^ing), n. The art or act of composing sonnets. Son net 1st (s5n'et-ist), n. A sonneteer. ' A new- found sonnetist.y Bp. Hall. Son uet ize (s5n'et-Tz), v. t. To make the subject of a sonnet; to celebrate ip a sonnet. Now could I sonnetize thy piteous plight. Southey. Sonometer (so-nSm'et-er), n. (Elect.) An ap- paratus for testing metals by bringing them in con- tact with an induction coil, with which is associat- ed a telephone and microphone. Each metai, act- ing differently on the coil, produces a different sound. Son tag (sSn'tdg), n. A kind of knitted worsted cape for wearing over the outside of the waist of a lady's dress: so called in honor of Qfme. Henrietta Son tag, a distinguished vocalist. Soo ja (sO'ja), to. The Japanese name of the sauce known by the name of soy. >; 00, food; oi, oil; on, pound. the latest editions of Webster's and Wor-SOON Soon t.s6n), adv.—Sooner or later, at a future time, Dear or remote. Brougham. Soon dree (sOn'drS), n. (Bot.) The native name of n tree found on the coasts of India wherever the tides occasionally rise and inundate the land. It belongs to the genus Heriteria (H. robusta)y and is said to give name to the Sonderbunds, or great for- est of soondree trees, a woody tract of country on the Bay of Bengal, forming the delta of the Ganges. Written also Sundra-tree. Soop (s6p), v. f. To sweep. [Scotch.]. S*>op ing (sSp'iug), n. [Scotch.] 1. The act of sweeping. 2. What is swept together: generally in the plu- ral. Soo soo (scVsO), n. (ZoOl.) The Bengalese name of a cetaceous mammal, the Platanista gangeticus, inhabiting the Ganges. It resembles the dolphin in form, and attains a length of about 12 feet. Soot flake (sut'flak or est flak), n. A flake or par- ticle of soot; a smut; a smudge. The Sontflake of bo many a summer still Clung to their fancies. Tennyson. Sooth ing ness (soth'ing-nes), n. The state or quality of being soothing. J. R. Lowell. So per f (so-par'), n. Supper. Chaucer. Sopii ime f ) (sSf'Stn or so-fem'), ». A sophism ; Sopli yine f J a subtle fallacy. Chaucer. So pliis ti ca tion (so-fIs'ti-ka//6hun), n. 1. The act or art of quibbling or arguing in a plausible or fallacious manner. 1 Skill in special pleadiug and ingenuity in sophistication.'* Mrs. Cowden Clarke. 2. A fallacious argument intended to deceive; a quibble. They are both as rank sophistications as can be. L. Hunt. So plio ra (so-fO'ra), n. [Alteredfrom sophera, the Arabic name of a papilionaceous tree'.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order LeguminossD. The spe- cies are ornamental shrubs and trees, found in cen- tral and tropical Asia, also in the warm parts of North America, and the equinoctial and subtropical parts of South America. Sop py (sQp'i), a. Sopped or soaked in liquid; sat- urated ; like a sop. k It [Yarmouth] looked rather spongy and soppy, I thought. Dickens. So ra bi an (ao-rS'bi-an),) n. The language of the Sor bi an (sor'bi-an), J Wends ; Wendic : used also adjectively. Sor bine (sor'bln),) n. (Chem.) (CeH^Og.*) A Sorbite (sor'blt), ) crystalline, un fermented su- gar, isomeric with grape and milk sugar, existing in the ripe juice of the mountain-ash berries (Pyrus Aucuparia). So ree i dae (so-rSs'i-dS),) n. pi. »[Lat. sorea?, so- So ric i dae (so-rls'i-dS), J rtcis, a shrew-mouse, and Gr. elSos, resemblance.] (Zodl.) A family of insectivorous mammals, comprehending the shrews, shrew-mice, musk-rats, etc. Sor glio (sor'gO), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Sorghum, allied to the millet, and now claimed to be Hole us saccharatus. It is much cultivated in Amer- ica and Europe, syrup, sugar, and spirits being obtained from the juice of the stem, and the leaves and seed used as food for cattle. Written also Sor- go. So ro ral (so-rO'rnl),a. [Lat. soror, sister.] Of or pertainiug to a sister or sisters; sisterly. ' The «o- roral relation.' H. Mann. So ro rize (so-rO'rlz or sBr'o-rTz), v. i. [Lat. so- ror, sister : on type of fraternize.] To associate as sisters; to be in communion or sympathy, as sis- ters. [R.] So ro sis (so-rO'sis), n. A society or an association of women; a club for women. So ro sis (so-rO'sis), ) n. f From Gr. p resembling the las- civious and abusively scurrilous verses of the Greek poet Sotades, who lived in the third century b. c. So te rl ol o gy (so-t5/ri-51//o-ji), n, [Gr. awnj- ptos, saving, salutary, cwTrjp, a savior, and A070S, discourse.] 1. A discourse on health ; the science of promot- t ing and preserving the health. 2* (Theol.) The doctrine of salvation by Jesus Christ. So til I ac (sttth'i-ak), a. Same as Sothio. Sot ul a (sQt/ni-a), n. A company or squadron in a Russian regiment, or more particularly in a Cossack regiment. Sou brette (sd-l?rSt')i n. [Fr.] In theatricals, a female in a comedy, etc., generally a servant-girl, 17I10 acts the part of an intrigante; a meddlesome mischievous young woman. Sou cbet (sO-shS). n. [Fr.] The pendulous, mu- cilaginous tubers of Cyperus esculentus, cultivated in the south of Europe, and eaten like nuts. They are nutritive and stimulant. Sou cliy (sfi'chi), n. A kind of stew as of flounders, whitings, eels, and the like. Souf fl<5.(s6'fl or sOf-13), n. [Fr., from souffler, to ( puff, souffle, a breath, a puff. J 769 1* (Cottleery.) A light dish composed of white of eggs, flavored with chocolate, vanilla, orange-flow- er, etc., and baked. 2. (Med.) A murmuring or blowing sound, as that heard over the gravid uterus. Sougli (sftk), v. t. To utter in a whining or monot- onous tone. [ Scotch. ] Sir W. Scott. See the noun, 3. Sougb (suf or sou; in definitions 2 and 3 pro- nounced sdk), ». 1. A gentle breeze; a waft; a breath. A sough of glory shall breathe on you as you come. E. B. Browning. 2. Any rumor that engages general attention. [Scotch.] ' I hae heard a sough,' said Annie Winnie,' as if Lady Ashton was nae cannie body.' Sir W. Scutt. 3* A cant or whining mode of speaking, especial- ly in preaching or praying ; the chant or recitative peculiar to the old Presbyterians in Scotland. [Scotch.]—To keep a calm sought to keep silence ; to be silent. [Scotch.] Hout tout, man ! keep a calm sough. Sir W. Scott. Sou jee (s&'jg), ». Same as Soojee. Soul (sOl), n. A familiar compellation of a person, but often expressing some qualities of the mind'; as, alas, poor soul; he was a good soul. 1A poor, mad soul.' Shak.—Cure of souls, in the Church of En- gland, an ecclesiastical charge, in which parochial duties and the administration of sacraments are in- cluded, primarily vested in the bishop of the dio- cese, the clergy of each parish acting as his depu- ties. Soul (s61or sOl), n. [A. Sax. sufol, sufel, sufl,broth, pottage, a dainty ; Icel. sufl, whatever is eaten with bread; Sw. sofvel, Dan. suul; from root of s«p.] Anything eaten with bread, as butter, cheese, milk, etc. It is also written Sool and Sowle and corre- sponds to the Scottish word kitchen. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Sou la me a (s8-15'me-a), ». [From soulamo'e, the native name, signifying king of bitterness.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, nat. order Simftrubese. S. ama- ra, the only species, is a tree native to the Moluc- cas. Soul-cur er (sOK'kflr'er), n. A physician of the soul; a parson. Shak. Sound-bow (sound'bO), n. The part of a bell on which the clapper strikes. The sound-bow is the point of greatest thickness, and is considered as unity in stating the proportions of the bell. Sound er (sound'er), n. (Teleg.) A device, con- sisting of an electro-magnet with an armature hav- ing a lever attached thereto, used in lieu of a reg- ister, the communication being read by sound alone.. Sound ing (sound'ing), n.—In soundings, so near the land that a deep-sea lead will reach the bottom. —To strike soundings, to find bottom with the deep- sea lead. Sound ing (sound'ing), o.— Sounding-lead (Naut.)y the weight used at the end of a sounding-line.— Sounding-post % a prop inside a violin, etc.; a sound- board. Soup (sOp), n.—Portable sowp, a sort of cake formed of concentrated soup, freed from fat, and, by long- continued boiling, from all the putrescible parts. Soup (soup), n. A sup ; a drop or small quantity; a considerable quantity of drink or of any thin food. [Scotch.] Sir W. Scott. Soup con (sOp-efift), n. [Fr., O. Fr. souspegon, a suspicion.] A very small quantity; a taste; as, wa- ter with a soupgon of brandy. Soup er (sdp'er), n. In Ireland, a name applied in derision to a Protestant missionary or convert from Popery, from the fact that the missionaries are said to assist their work by distributing soup to their converts. Sou pie (e5'pl), n. [Scotch.] 1. That part of the flail that strikes the grain; the swiple. 2. A piece of wood nsed as a cudgel. Sir W. Scott. Sou pie (sO'pI), a. Supple; active; subtle; pliant. [Old Eng. and Scotch.] A souple jad she was and Rtrang. Burns. Soup-mal gre (sOp-miVgr), n. [Fr.] Thin soup, the chief ingredients of which are vegetables, a lit- tle butter, and some spices. Soup y (sftp'i), a. Like soup; having the consist- ence or appearance of soup. 1A soupy fog.' [Col- loq.] Jean Ingelow. Sour dine (sGr'dSn), n. [Fr.] 1. A sordine; a mute. 2. (Mus.) A stop on the harmonium, which, by limiting the supply of wind to the lower half of the instrument, enables the performer to play full chords with softness. Sour sop (sour'sOp), n. A cross or crabbed person. Sour-wood (sour'w^d), n. Same as Sorrel-tree. Souse (sous), v. t. To strike with sudden violence, as a bird strikes its prey. To souse annoyance that c«mes near his nest. Shak. Souse (sous), ) n. [Fr. sows, under, below.] (4rc/i.) Source (sOrs), > A support or underprop. Gwilt. Sous te nu (s0s.'/te-n5/),) a. [Fr., sustained.](fler.) Sou te nu (sfl^te-nO7), ) A term applied when a chief is, as it were, supported by a small part of the escutcheon beneath it, of a different color or metal from the chief, and reaching, as the chief does, from 6ide to side, being, as It were, a small SPAER part of the chief of another color, and supporting1 the real chief. Sous*wife (sous'wlf), n. • k woman who sells pick- led swine's flesh, and the like: also written Souse wife. Sou tane (sO-tfin'), n. [Fr., from L. Lat. subtana, from Lat. subtus, beneath.] (JScci.) A white wool- en cassock worn by the Eoman Catholic clergy aa an under-garment beneath the rochet. Soutli (south), a.—The South Sea, a name formerly applied to the Pacific Ocean, especially the south- ern portion of it.—South Sea Bubble or Scheme, a, disastrous financial speculation which arose in En- gland in the beginning of last century. It origi- nated with the directors of a joint-stock company, which, in consideration of certain exclusive privi- leges of trading to the South Seas, offered the gov- ernment easier terms for the advancement or ne- gotiation of loans than could be obtained from the general public. Soutli-east er (soufh- or sonth-gst'er), n. A wind from the south-east. Soutli er (south'er or south'er), n. A wind from the south. Soutli ness (south'nes), n. The name given *0 a tendency in the south end of a magnetic needle £o point toward the south. Sov er eign (suv/er-in or sSv'er-in), n. and a. The correct spelling of this word is sovran, being de- rived from L. Lat. superanus, It. sovrano. See Sov- han. Sov rail (sfiv'ran or sBv'ran), n. and a. Same as Sovereign, and etymologically a more correct spell- ing, Since he who now is sovran can dispose and bid what shali be right.' Milton. 4 O sovran Blanc ----sole sovran of the vale.' Coleridge. Sow (pou), n.—To have% taket or get the right (or wrong) sow by the eary to pitch upon the right (or wrong) person or thing; to come to the right (or wrong) conclusion. You have a wrong sow by the"ear. Hudibras. Sow a (sO'a), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant cul- tivated in India. It is the Anethum Sowa, the aro- matic seed of which is much used by the natives in cookery as well as for medicinal purposes. Sow ar (sou'ar), n. [Hind.] A trooper; a mounted soldier belonging to the irregular cavalry. Sow danf (6tJ'dan), n. A sultan. Chaucer. Sow dan essef (sO'dan-Bs"), n. A sultaness. Chaucer. Sow-drunk (sou'drCngk), a. Drank as a sow; beastly drunk. Tennyson. Sow ing-ma clilne (sC"ing-ma-shCn'), n. A ma- chine for depositing seeds in the soil, either equal- ly over its surface or in rows. Various machines of this kind have been contrived. Sowming I soum'ing ). [Sotom is probably the same as sum, Sc. sowm, soom, and rou'm, from A. Sax. rtrn, room, space.] A term used in Scots Law in conjunction with rowming.—Sonrming and rowm- ing, the term applied to the action whereby the number of cattle to be brought upon a common by the persons respectively having a servitude of past- urage may be ascertained. Sow ter f (sd'ter or sou'ter), n. Same as Souter. Soylet (soil), v. t. To solve. Likewise mayst thou soyle all other texts. Tyndale. Soylet (soil), ». 1. Soil. 2. (Hunting.) The mire in which a beast of the - chase wallows; the prey. Spenser. Soy ml da (soi-ml'da), n. [Telugu name.] (Bot.) A genus of trees, nat. order Meliaceae, peculiar to the East Indies. The bark of the S. febrifuga, the rohuna of Hindustan, is a useful tonic in India ii> intermittent feverB. Called nlso Redwood. Space-line (spSs'lIn), n. (Printing.) A thin piece of type-metal, not so high as type, Jo put between and increase the width of the lines, and for other purposes: generally called a lead. Spa cial ly (spS'shal-li), adv. As regards or with . reference to space. Written also Spatially. Things, spacially, are either inclusive or co-exclusive. Sir W. Hamilton. Spa das sin (spa-dSs^n), n. [Fr., from It. spada% a sword, from Lat. spatha% a broad flat instrument, a broad pointless sword.] A swordsman ; a bravo; a bully. Bu)ly swordsmen, ' spadassins' of that party, go swagg.ering. Carlyle. Spade (sp5d), ».—Spade-bayonet, a broad-bladed bayonet which may be used for digging shelter holes or rifle-pits.—Spade-guinea, a guinea with a spade-formed shield bearing the coat of arms on the reverse. [Eng.]—Spade-husbandry, a mode of cul- tivating the soil and improving it by means of deep digging with the spade instead of the eubsoil-plow. —Spade-iron (Her.), the term used to denote the iron part or shoeing of a spade. Spades man (sp&dz'man), a. A man who works with a spade. Spae (spa), v. i. and t. [A Scandinavian word : Icel. spd% Dan. spaaey to foretell; comp. G. spahen, to look; Lat. specio, to see.] To foretell; to divine; to forebode; as, to spae one's fortune. [Scotch.] Spae-man (sptVman), n. A prophet; a diviner; a , soothsayer. [Scotch. J Spa er (spfl'er), n. Ono who space ; a fortune-teller. * A spaer o' poor folk's fortaies.' Blade-wood's Mag. Notation : fi, e, I, 0,11, long; fi, 6,1, 5t fi, short; a, e, i, o, u, obscure ; fftr, f§U, f&st, ctoe; h6fc mOve, or; b^ll, 0, Fr.: 6, Fr., ton; On this page will be found words, phrases and definitions NOT contained in the latest editions of Webster's and Wor- cester's Unabridged DictionariesSPAE WIFE 4pae-wlfe (spU'wIl). n. A female fortune-teller. [Scotch.] Spa heo (spa'hS), ) n. A native Algerian cavalry- Spa lii (Bpfr'hl), ) soldier in the French army. Spall (spai), v. t. (Mining.) To break up, as ore, into small pieces for the purpose of easily separat- ing it from the rock. Written also Spale. Spairge (sp4rj), v. t. [Fr. asperger, from Lat. to scatter, to bespriokle.J To dash; as, to spairge water ; to bespatter by dashing any liquid : to sully by reproach. [Scotch.] 1 Spatt (spat), n. See Spate. Spai a co the ri um ( spai/a-ko-thg/'ri-um), ». [Gr. Dunglison. Spa rl dae (spS'ri-dS), n.'pl. [Lat. sparus, the gilt- head, and Gr. eUos, likeness.] (Jchth.) A family of acanth ipterygious teleostean fishes, of which the gonna Sparus is the type. Spark 'spark), v. t. To court; as, to spark a girl. [Colloq'.] • Spark-ar rest er (spark " ar- rgst' er), ». See s Sparkeb. £park-con den ser (spark"koh-dgn'ser), n. 1. (Elect.) An instrument having a glass cage in which a spark may be passed between the battery connections. It is u«ed for burning metals or ob- taining the spectra of gases, and is designed to iso- late the atmosphere in which the experiment is con- ducted ; also to enable the experiment to take place In an atmosphere of any required condensation or tenuity. 2. A means of carrying away sparks fronrt a loco- motive chimney to a chamber where they are ex- tinguished. Spark er (sp&rk'er), n.. A contrivance, used chief- ly in the chimneys of locomotives fired with woodf- io arrest sparks, while allo^ng the passage of ^smoke. Called also Spark-arfTslgr. [P. B.] 770 Sparse ly (sp&rs'li), adv. in a sparse or scattered manner ; thinly. Spar ti um (spar'shi-um), n. (Bot.) A genus of ornamental plants, nat. order Leguminosre. which differs from the common broom (Sarothamnus) in the calyx bein&' split above, and thus one Instead of tw<*lipped. Spar-torpedo (spar'tor-pG^do), n. A torpedo carried on the end of a spar rigged overboard from the bow of a vessel, and fired either by contact or by electricity. Spas mod ic (spaz-mOd'ik), a.—Spasmodic school, a name given in ridicule to certain authors, includ- ing Philip Bailey, Gilfillan, Alexander Smith, etc., whose writings were considered to oe distinguished, to a greater or less degree, by an overstrained and unnatural style. Spas modic al ly (spaz-mOd'ik-al-li), adv. In a spasmodic manner; convulsively. ' Spas mo dist (spSz'mod-ist), n. A spasmodic per- son; one whose work is of a spasmodic character, or marked by an overstrained and unnatural style. Poe. Spat (spSt), v. i. To dispute ; to quarrel. Smart. Spat > (sp2t), n. A short spatterdash, reaching to Spatt) a little over the ankle. [Scotch.] Spa tan gi dae (spa-tiin'ji-dS), n. p*. (Paleon.) A tribe of fossil fechinites or sea-urchins peculiar to the chalk and greensand. Spate (spat), n. [Perhaps of same root as spew. Levins (1570) gives spate as an English word mean- ing a torrent.] In Scotland, a sudden heavy flood, especially in mountain streams, caused by heavy rainfalls; an inundation; a great torrent of rain. Written also Spait. Spa thai (spa'tbal), a. (Bot.) Relating to, or fur- nished with, a spathe; a9, a spathal flower. Spa thel la (spa-thel'la), n. [Dim. of Lat. spatha, a blade.] (Bot.) Another name for the Qlumella^ or inner husk of grasses. Spathilla (spa-thiHa), n. (Bot.) A secondary spathe in a spathaceous inflorescence, as in palms. Spa tho de a ( spa-thO'de-a ), n. [Gr.