IL LINO IS UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PRODUCTION NOTE University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library Brittle Books Project, 2012. COPYRIGHT NOTIFICATION In Public Domain. Published prior to 1923. This digital copy was made from the printed version held by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It was made in compliance with copyright law. Prepared for the Brittle Books Project, Main Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by Northern Micrographics Brookhaven Bindery La Crosse, Wisconsin 2012 New Building Code Adopted By City of St. Louis MISSOURI 1917 Department of Public Safety Division of Building and Inspection (\ t\ai INDEX Page A Access to premises of adjoining owner. .................... Alarm Bells-Notices ................................. ............ Alterations ............................... Alterations of Plans..................................62423 Alterations to conform to Ordinances ....................... Altered, no building to be without examination by Building .... Commissioner ................................ Anchoring walls to joists, girders or beanms ................ Application, form of ...................................... Approval of plans and specifications...................... Area of lot occupied ............................... .................... Awning, Stationary ............. B Balconies ............................................... Bath Rooms, attached to existing buildings .................. r Beams and woodwork near flues........................ ............. Beams, Wooden, in party walls........... *c ............ Beams, least thickness.................... < .............. Beams, ends to be beveled ............... Beams, bearing of wooden ................................ Bearing walls, increased thickness ........................... ............. Billboards, permit, removal .............. ............. ' Boilers, furnaces, installing................ . Boiler rooms, coal and fuel rooms .......................... Booths, erection of, etc. ............................... ........... .......... Brick or stone piers............ ............... Brick walls, thickness ................... Brick walls for dwellings, etc............................62446 . Brick work, quality of and bond......................... ............. .................... .......... Bridging Buildings failing to conform ............................ V 62441 62504 62424 62420 62420 62456 62421 62422 62507 62498 62497 62500 62457 62456 62456 62456 62457 62447 62501 62491 62494 .62522 62448 .62446 62445 62456 62439 c 62421 Certificate of Compliance .................................. 62490 Chimneys and flues detached ............................ 62494 ........................ Chimney, Cupola ............ 62490 ..................... Chimneys, supports for............. 62491 Chimneys, unsafe .................................... 62443 .... Concrete, thickness of walls....................... ..... 62444 Concrete for walls and foundations. ......... 62522 ..... . S Condemnation, Removal or securing ............ 62523 ............ Notice, how served ...................... Owner or Agent, prohibited from renting or leasing........62524 62497 ................................ Cornices ........... Page C -Continued Costs, how paid .............. ....................... 62525 Courts ................................................. 62508 Curtain walls, thickness may be reduced ................. ... 62448 Cutting beams for pipes .................. ............. 62457 D 62424 ................ Definitions .......................... . 62487 Doors and shutters to be closed................... ..... Doors and their fastenings.................... .......... 62481 Doors, to be hung, how...................................62488 Drain tiles for ground dampness ........................... 62443 .62489 Dumb waiter shafts ................................... Duties of Police..........................................62525 Duty of excavators and adjoining owners................... 62441 Duty to notify when ready................................62424 E .............. Elevators, inclosure .................................... Elevators, in connection with stairways ................... Elevators, Grain .................... .................. Excavations and foundations............................. 62489 62489 62439 62441 F 62503 Fences, Walls Screens........... ..................... Fire-Doors, Inside ................................... 62487 62484 Fire-Escapes ........................................ 62486 Fire-Escapes, duties of owners, etc ....................... 62428 Fire-Limits .......................................... 62490 Fire-places, Chimneys and Flues ............................ 62491 ....................... ..... Fire-places, Hearths ..... 62487 Fire-proof, Doors and Shutters ............................. Fire-proof walls for shafts...............................62500 62458 Fire-stops in wooden partitions ............................ 62428 .................... First-class Buildings ................. 62430 .... ............ . Exceeding 206 feet in height........... 62430 ........................... Limits of height .......... What buildings shall be................................62431 ........ 62439 ....... Floor areas, restriction of ............. 62440 Unrestricted ........................................... 62443 ...................... Footings ....................... 62421 ...... ............... Form of Application ............ 62443 Foundation walls ........................................ 62436 Fourth-class buildings ................................... 62437 Outside fire limits ..................................... 62436 W ithin the fire-limits ................................... G 62495 .... Gas fixtures............ ........................... 62495 .............. Gas pipes, to be kept in order ................ 62439 Grain elevators .......................................... 62489 Grating and flooring under machinery ...................... 62499 Green houses and conservatories ......................... 62472 Ground Test ........................................ Page H 62488 Hatchways ........................................... Heights may be increased....................... .... 62450 62499 Heights of stories ....................................... 62451 Hollow tile walls .................................... Hot air pipes and registers.............................62493 Hotels: Height and size of rooms...............................62505 62505 Inspection fee, etc .................................. 62506 Rope fire-escapes . ................................ 62506 Ventilating openings ............................... ............ 62505 ........... Windows ................ I Inspection fees ..................................... Installing of boilers, etc ................................. Iron-clad buildings ................... ............... J Joist, anchoring to walls.............................. 62424 62491 62438 62456 L Leaders, metallic, from roofs .......................... 62497 62504 Lights in hallways ................................... . .. 62473 Live and dead loads, definition..................... Loads on beams ..................... .............. 62475 ............... 62472 Loads on floors and roofs .............. ............. 62473 Loads on floors, distribution.............. Loads on girders....................................62475 62442 Loads on piles, timber and concrete ........................ 62474 Loads on walls, piers and columns ......................... 62472 Loads to be carried by the soil ............................. 62437 Lumber sheds and open shelters ........................ M Mansard roofs .. ..................... ................. 62497 62440 Materials, quality of ................................. Metal or plaster covered ceilings........................62454 62445 Mortars, quality of .................................... N Notice to be posted on each floor ............ Notice to Guests .................................... O Open shelters .......................................... Ordinance not Retroactive ............................. P Parapet fire walls and copings ............................. Passageways, obstruction of..............................62481 ........ 62474 62504 62437 62525 62451 Page P-Continued Penalty, where none other provided.....................62525 Pent Houses, how constructed ............................. 62500 Permits, Cost of ....................................... 62419 Expiration of ..................................... 62423 Extension of ....................................... 62424 Revocation of .......................................... 62423 Not tobe issued until water paid.........................62419 Required ........................... ............. 62419 Piling ................................................. 62441 Plans and Specifications ............................... 62422 Plastering, How done .................................. 62454 Pneumatic caisson foundations ............................ 62443 Police, duties of .......................................... 62525 Porches, etc., Construction of..............................62499 Projections over side-walks .. ........................... 62498 R Rear Yards ............................................. 62507 Recesses and Chases .................................... 62447 Reconstruction, fire-damage .............................. 62421 Re-inforced Concrete: Columns ............................ 62466 Definitions ....................................... 62459 62462 Design ............................................... 62460 ... ................. General Requirements ............ Girders, Beams and Slabs...............................62467 Minimum covering of steel ........................... 62467 62459 Quality of materials .................................... 62468 Slab designs ........................................... Splicing steel .......................................... 62468 62468 Temperature reinforcement .............................. 62465 Unit stresses ........................................... 62411 Retaining Walls ......................................... 62496 Roofs ................................................. 62497 Roofs of adjoining buildings .............................. 62496 Roofs, repairs and renewals of ............................ S 62432 Second Class buildings ................................... 62433 What buildings shall be ................................ 62434 Semi-fire-proof buildings .................................. 62496 Sewer connections ....................................... 62498 Show windows ........................................... Shutters to be opened from outside.........................62487 62501 Signs, erection of ........................................ 62489 Skylights over Elevators .................................. Slated walls and gables...................................62498 62493 Smoke pipes ........................................... Smoke Stacks, Height of..................................62495 62482 Stairs for Hospitals, Halls, etc ............................ 62482 ................ Stairways in Hotels, etc ............... 62479 Stairways, Mercantile Bldgs., etc ........................... 62486 Stand Pipes ............................................. Page S-Continued Steam and hot water pipes.............................62494 Steel buildings of the fourth class ........................ 62438 Stirrup Irons ................... ................... 62457 Stone ashler, etc ........................ ............. 62450 Stoves, ranges, setting of .............................. 62492 Stoves and ranges in dwellings............................62493 Strength of floors to be computed........................ 62473 T Temporary floors ............... ...................... 62496 Theatres: Aisles .................. ................... 62518 Approval by Bldg. Commissioner.......................62521 Buildings used for............... ......... ............ 62509 Construction of New ............. .... ..... 62513 Control by Bldg. Department ............................ 62520 Entrances and Exits...................................62514 Interior construction ............................... 6251.6 Interior fire walls ......................... ........... 62517 Location of boilers ................................. 62520 Penalty ......................................... 62522 Proscenium wall and openings..........................62517 Registers and radiators ................. ............. 62520 Regulation of lights................................62520 62519 .......... ................. Stairways ........... 62512 ............. Stand pipes .......................... ............ 62520 Stand pipes .......................... 62518 ............. Work-shops .......................... ............... 62433 Third-class buildings ..................... 62448 Timber in walls ..................................... Towers, Domes and Spires.............................62500 62457 Trimmer and Header Beams ............................ 62456 Wall, Anchoring to joist .............................. Wall and beams to be braced............................62451 ... 62449 ....... Walls, nine inch ............................ 62448 Wall, non-bearing ... ................................... 62451 Walls not to be carried up in advance of others ............ 62448 Walls, Use of timers in ................................ Wall, Thickness of curtain..............................62448 62454 Wall, to be plastered, back of wainscoting ................. 62448 Wall, with hollow bricks ............................... Walls, with air spaces and hollow bricks.................... 62447 62450 Walls, existing party .................................. 62444 Walls, materials for .................................. 62447 Walls of building supporting trusses ....................... .62506 Water-closets in Tenement Houses ........................ 62500 Water tanks and their supports ........................... 62446 .................... Wetting bricks .................. Wind pressure in buildings................................62479 62484 Windows in Public Halls and stair halls ..................... 62457 Wooden stud partitions and wall furring ................... 62418 Ordinance 29560 An Ordinance to revise the Building Code of the City of St. Louis, being Sections three hundred and ten to five hundred and twenty-five, both included, of Article Four, Chapter Six of the Revised Code of the City, of St. Louis, nineteen huyndred and twelve, and certain ordinances. numbered and approved, as follows: Ordinances numbered twenity-seven thousand and seventy-two, approved April third, nineteen hundred thirteen, twenty-seven thousand six hundred and eighty-five, approved July third, nineteen hundred fourteen, twenty-seven thousand, seven hundred and twenty, approved July fifteenth, nineteen hundred fourteen, twenty-eight thousand and sixty-four, approved April nineteenth, nineteen hundred fifteen, by repealing the aforesaid sections and ordinances and by enacting in lieu thereof a new ordinance governing the construction, erection, reconstruction, alteration, repair, remodeling, changing, condemnation, wrecking, removal and securing of buildings, signs, billboards, retaining walls, fence walls, towers, fences and smoke stacks, the safeguarding of buildings against danger from fire, the protection of the lives and safety of persons in all buildings occupied for public or semi-public purposes and all buildings and premises. used for public assemblages of any kind whatsoever, violations of the provisions thereof made a misdemeanor, penalty. Be it ordained by the City of St. Louis, as follows: Section One. That Sections Three hundred and ten to five hundred and twenty-five, both included, of Article Four, Chapter Six of the Revised Code of the City of St. Louis, Nineteen hundred twelve, and ordinances numbered Twenty-seven thousand and seventy-two, approved April third, Nineteen hundred thirteen, Twentyseven thousand, six hundred and eighty-five, approved July third, Nineteen hundred fourteen, Twenty-seven thousand seven hundred and twenty, approved July fifteenth, Nineteen hundred fourteen, Twenty-eight thousand and sixty-four, approved April ninth, Nineteen hundred fifteen, are repealed and in lieu thereof a new ordinance governing the construction, erection, re-construction, alteration, repair, remodeling, chaning, condemnation, wrecking, removal and securing of buildings, signs, billboards, retaining walls, fence walls, towers, fences and smoke 'stacks; the safeguarding of buildings against danger from fire; the protection of the lives and safety of persons in all buildings occupied for public or semi-public purposes and all buildings and premises used for public assemblages of any kind whatsoever, within the City of St. Louis, making the violation of the provisions of this ordinance a misdemeanor and fixing the penalty therefor, is hereby enacted. 62419 Permits Required. Section Two. No person, firm or corporation shall 'erect, alter, enlarge or repair (except minor repairs), any building or structure intended to be used for the shelter, support or enclosure of persons, animals, or chattels; nor wreck or remove any such buildiigs; nor erect any retaining wall or fence wall, constructed of masonry, tile or concrete; nor install booths in or make changes in the floor space of any theater, opera house, convention hall, or other building where the public congregates, as provided in section two hundred and one; nor erect any sign exceeding twenty square feet; nor erect or reconstruct or alter any billboard having twenty-five square feet or more surface; nor enclose any open shed or pavilion, within the city of St. Louis, without first obtaining a permit authorizing same from the division of building and inspection. 'Permits 'Not To Be Issued Until Water Rates Paid. Section Three. No permits shall be issued by the division of building and inspection until the applicant therefor shall have filed in said division, a statement in writing, signed by the supervisor of the assessment of water rates, to the effect that payment has been made in said office for the water to be used, or that a water meter for measuring all water to be used, has been installed, or that the nature of the work to be done is such that no water shall be required or used therefor; provided, however, that if such permit from the division of building and inspection shall have expired or been revoked without any work having been done thereunder, the collector of revenue, shall, on the production to him of satisfactory evidence of the truth of such facts, refund any sum of money paid for water under the requirements hereof. Cost of Permits. Section Four. The fee to be paid for a permit to erect a building, shed or other structure in the nature of a building, or a tower, retaining wall, fence wall or smoke stack, or for the removal of a building from one place to another, shall be one dollar if the estimated cost thereof be less than one thousand dollars; and for every additional one thousand dollars of cost or fractional part thereof, the further sum of fifty cents shall be paid. The fee to be paid for a permit to alter, enlarge or repair (except minor repairs as defined in Section Nineteen of any of the above mentioned structures) shall be at the same rate as prescribed for the erection of new structures. The fee to be paid for a permit to 'wreck a building shall be one dollar for every twenty-five hundred square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof. In making the calculation, the total floor area of each and every store above the basement shall be included. The fee to be paid for a permit to wreck a tower, retaining wall, 62420 fence wall, smoke stack, shall be one dollar if the estimated cost thereof be less than one thousand dollars and for every additional one thousand dollars of cost or fractional part thereof, the further sum of fifty cents shall be paid. If it should appear to the building commissioner during the erection, alteration, enlargement, repair, wrecking or the removal of any building, shed, tower, smoke stack, retaining wall, fence wall or other structure for which a permit has been issued that the cost thereof is in excess of the amount stated in the original application, the building commissioner shall have the authority to re-estimate such cost and to require the owner of such structure to pay an additional fee, .so that the fee, when paid in full, shall conform to the entire cost of erecting, altering, enlarging, repairing, wrecking or removing such structure as provided in this section. The fee to be paid for the installation of stoves and ranges as provided in Sections one hundred and thirty-nine and one hundred and forty shall be one dollar. The fee to be paid for a permit to erect a sign, as provided by Section one hundred and seventy, of this ordinance, shall be at the rate of one dollar for every twenty-five square feet of area of such sign or fractional part thereof. Every such permit shall state thereon the number and size of the signs permitted thereby and the street and number of the premises whereon they are to be placed. The fee to be paid for a permit to erect billboards, as provided in Section one hundred and seventy-one, shall be at the rate of one dollar for every five lineal feet thereof and every such permit shall state therein the length of the billboard permitted thereby, as well as the street and number of premises, whereon such billboard is to be erected and the distance of the billboard from the line of the street, alley or other public thoroughfare. The fee of one dollar shall be paid for a permit to install booth,, or make changes in the floor space of theatres, opera houses, convention halls, or other places where the public congregate, as provided in Section two hundred one of this ordinance. No Building To Be Altered Without Examination by Building Commissioner. Section Five. No building shall be enlarged, raised, altered or built upon until it shall have first been examined by the building commissioner or his duly authorized agents and found to be in a safe and good condition, to be enlarged, raised, altered or built upon, and the fee for such examination shall have been paid. Alterations to Conform to Ordinances. Section Six. No Wall, structure, building, part or parts thereof, shall hereafter be built, constructed, altered or repaired, except in. conformity with the provisions of this ordinance, provided, however, that where the 62421 cost to properly repair a building is less than fifty per cent of the actual cost, exclusive of the foundation, to newly erect a similar building, such repairs may be of the same construction and material as originally used in the erection of such building. Reconstruction of Building Damaged by Fire. Cost of Replacing Decayed and Dilapidated Parts to be Considered. Section Seven. When any building in the City of St. Louis is damaged by fire, the cost of replacing all decayed and dilapidated parts, if any, of such building, shall be added to the actual damage done by fire, and if the total thereby ascertained exceeds fifty per cent of the actual cost to erect a new and similar building, exclusive of the foundations, on the identical site, if such building is repaired or rebuilt, the requirements of this ordinance shall be conformed to in every particular as required for the erection of new buildings. Certificate of Compliance. Section Eight. No building hereafter constructed for, or altered'into a tenement house shall be occupied in whole or in part for human habitation until the issuance of a certificate by the division of building and inspection, to the owner, or his agent stating that said building conforms in all respects to the requirements of this ordinance. Such certificate shall be issued within five days, after written application therefor, if said building shall have been completed at the date of such written application. If any such tenement house if found occupied before the issuance of such certificate, it shall forthwith be vacated upon the notice from the division of building and inspection. The supervisor of the assessment of water rates shall not permit water to be furnished in any such tenement house until a certificate of compliance has been issued by the division of building and inspection. Form of Application. Section Nine. Application for permits shall be made in writing upol forms or blanks issued by the division of building and inspection. All applications shall state clearly and fully the work proposed to be done, the cost thereof, and shall be signed by the owner or his agent and filed in the said division. The building commissioner may require that said application shall contain or be accompanied by a statement in writing, sworn to before a notary public, giving the full name and residence of the owner, or owners, of the ground and structure, building or shed, upon which it is proposed to do any work or, if the work is proposed to be done or .executed by any person other than the owner or owners of the ground, then the building commissioner may require a statement in writing, sworn to as aforesaid, giving the full name and the residence of such person or persons so acting as agent, lessee, or in any representative capacity, and that he or they are duly authorized by 62422 the owner or owners to perform said work. Plans and Specifications. Section Ten. True copies of so much of the plans and specifications as in the opinion of the building commissioner may be required to illustrate the features of the construction and the equipment of the building shall be filed in the division of building and inspection and shall remain on file in said division until the completion or occupation of said building, after which such plans and specifications shall upon demand, be returned by the building comnmissioner to the parties who deposited them. It shall not be obligatory upon the division of building and inspection to retain such plans and specifications in its custody. for more than three m'onths after the completion or occupation of any building. All plans presented for examination or filing shall be drawn on tracing cloth, or other material equally durable, to a scale in India or other indelible ink, or may be drawings reproduced by the sun print, or other process. The building line shall be indicated on the foundation plan, and the plan of each floor and all necessary elevations and sectional drawings to fully and clearly demonstrate the character and construction of the proposed work shall be furnished, together with a plan of the lot upon which the building is to be built or altered, showing its proposed location on the lot, and the location of all other buildings, if any, upon such lot. The plat shall be drawn to a scale, and shall have written thereon the principal dimensions of the lot and buildings, and their location. No plans shall be accepted unless accompanied by specifications sufficient to enable the building commissioner to obtain full and complete information as to the character of the work to be done and the time to be occupied in doing it. The specifications and plans shall be in duplicate, agree in every respect, and shall state the block and the lot number where the house is to be erected, and contain the name and address of the owner, architect and building. Approval of Plans and Specifications on Compliance With Building Code. Section Eleven. If the matters mentioned in any application for a permit, or if the plans and specifications accompanying and illustrating the same indicate to the building commissioner that the work to be done is not in all respects in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance, he shall refuse to issue a permit until such applications, plans and specifications shall have been made to conform in every respect to the requirements hereof, and when such applications and plans and specifications conform thereto the building commissioner shall issue a permit, and shall file said application, and shall apply to the plans and specifications his official stamp, which shall imply that the plans and specifications to which the same have been applied, comply with the terms of this ordinance. 62423 The one set of plans and specifications so stamped shall then be returned to such applicant. Alterations of Plans. Section Twelve. No person other than the building commissioner or his duly authorized agents, shall erase, materially alter or modify any line, figures, or coloring contained upon any plans or specifications after the same have been stamped by the building commissioner or filed with him for reference. If, during the progress of the execution of the work, it is desired to materially deviate in any manner affecting the construction or other necessary essentials of the building from the terms of the application, plans or specifications, notice of an intention to materially alter or deviate therefrom, shall be filed in the division of building and inspection and the written assent of the building commissioner shall first have beei obtained before such alterations or deviations shall be made. Revocation of Permits. Section Thirteen. If the work upon any building shall be conducted in violation of the provisions of this ordinance, as to the use or application of material or workmanship or by deviation from the approved plans and specifications or by a false statement as to any material part contained in or accompanying the application upon which any permit has been issued, it shall be the duty of the building commissioner to revoke the permit for such building operations. And it shall be unlawful after the revocation of a permit for any person to proceed with such building operation until said permit shall first have been reinstated or reissued by the division of building and inspection. Before a permit which has been revoked, for any of the causes hereinbefore mentioned shall be reinstated, the entire building and building site shall first have been placed in a condition corresponding with the requirements of this ordinance, and any work or material applied to the same, in violation of the provisions of this ordinance shall be removed from said building. The reinstating or reissuance of a permit shall be without cost to the owner, unless the cost of said building shall be found to have been materially increased over the amount stated in the application, in which case the fee shall be prorated as provided in Section nine of this ordinance. Expiration of Permits. Section Fourteen. No permit shall be of any force or effect after the expiration of one year from the date of its issuance. If, after a permit for the erection, enlargement or alteration of a building, retaining wall or fence wall, or for the repair or removal of any building, or for any other purpose authorized by this ordinance, shall have been granted and the operation called for by said permit shall' not have been begun within one year from the date thereof, or if such operations when begun, are not 62424 completed within one year next after the issuance of said permit, then said permit shall be void, and before such operations can be begun or completed a new permit shall be procured and the fee paid as required by this ordinance for the original permit. Extension of Permits. Section Fifteen. If it shall be found that the time called for in any permit for building operations will expire before the said building or buildings can be completed, the building commissioner shall have the power to extend the time called for in said permit, without extra cost or charge therefor; if from evidence he may obtain in regard to same (from the owner or architect thereof, or from the contractor for such building operations), he shall deem it proper to do so. Duty to Notify Building Conmmnissioner When Ready For Inspection. Section Sixteen. It shall be the duty of the owner or his duly authorized agent or builder to notify the building commissioner in writing whenever any building is ready for inspection. No building, partition, or structure shall be covered in by lathing, plastering, sheathing or otherwise, until it shall have first been inspected by the building commissioner or his duly authorized agent, and the fee for said inspection shall have been paid as provided in Section seventeen of this ordinance. Inspection Fees. Section Seventeen. The fee to be paid for inspection as provided in Sections five, seven, sixteen, eighteen, one hundred seven, one hundred thirty-nine, one hundred sixty, one hundred seventy-seven, one hundred eighty-five, one hundred ninetynine, two hundred and two hundred one of this ordinance and Sections five hundred thirty-six and twenty-one hundred thirty-eight of the Revised Code of the City of St. Louis, nineteen hundred twelve, shall be two dollars for each inspection. Alterations. Section Eighteen. No person shall proceed to raise, enlarge, alter, build upon, move or tear down any existing structure or building in the City of St. Louis, until-he shall have first filed an application in writing, in the division of building and inspection for an nspection of such structure or building. The fee to be paid for such inspection shall be as is provided in Section seventeen of this ordinance, provided, however, that alterations in buildings which do not involve any change in their structural parts or of their stairways, elevators, fire escapes or other means of communication or ingress or egress may be made without such inspection. Definitions of Terms Used. Section Nineteen. In this ordinance, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them, as follows: "Alterations" shall be taken to mean a change in or addition to a building. "MVinor alterations" shall be taken to mean slight alterations not affecting the structural parts, arrange- 62425 ments, or occupancy of a building and costing less than one hundred dollars. "Approved" shall be taken to mean that the material, appliance, construction, or method of construction to which it refers, shall meet with the approval of the building commissioner. "Attic" shall be taken to mean any unfinished space immediately below the roof of a building or an upper room having a height of less than eight feet. An "Alley" shall be taken to mean any public thoroughfare in the rear of a lot which fronts on a public street. An "Apartment" shall be taken to mean a room or suite of two or more rooms in a tenement house occupied or suitable for occupation as a residence for one family doing its own cooking in the apartment or on the premises. One person may be construed to be a family. "Building Commissioner" shall mean the head of the division of building and inspection. "Building"' shall be taken to mean any structure for the support, shelter or enclosure of persons, animals or chattels; and when separated by division walls, from the ground up, and without openings, then each portion of such building shall be deemed a separate building. "Skeleton Building" shall be taken to mean a building of the first class, the walls, floors and other parts of which are supported and carried by a framework of metal or of reinforced concrete. "Basement" shall be taken to mean a story, partly, but not more than one-half below the level of the street grade or ground nearest the building. "Cellar" shall be taken to mean a story more than one-half below the level of the street grade or ground nearest the building. A cellar shall not be included in designating the height or number of stories of buildings referred to in any part of this ordinance. A "Court" shall be taken to mean an open, unoccupied space on the same lot with a tenement house other than a yard. (a) "Enclosed Court" shall be taken to mean a court surrounded on all sides by walls. (b) "Side Court" shall be taken to mean a court having one side or. end open on the side of the building. (c) "Outer Court" shall be taken to mean a court extending to a street, alley, or yard. (d) "Through Court" shall be taken to mean a court extending the full length of the building in a straight line and opening at each end into the street, alley or yard. "Dwelling" shall be taken to mean any building wherein the entire house or the second story and all stories above it are occupied 62426 by a single family. "Foundation" shall be taken to mean that portion of a building below ground and in contact with the earth. "Fireproof" shall be taken to mean not only non-inflammable but fire resisting and non-heat conducting. "Garage" shall be taken to mean a building or that portion of a building wherein are kept five or more automobiles or motor cars charged with or containing a volatile inflammable liquid for fuel or power. "Grade" shall be taken to mean the established sidewalk level at the building line of any street, or if the building be not built on the building line of a street, then the exposed surface of the earth adjoining any wall shall be taken to be the grade for that wall. "Public Hall" shall be taken to mean a hall, corridor, or passageway not within an apartment, and used in common by all the occupants within a building. "Stair Hall' shall be taken to mean the stairs, stair landings, and those portions of the public halls through which it is necessary to pass in going from the entrance floor to the top story. "Lodging House" shall be taken to mean a building wherein persons are accommodated with sleeping apartments, and includes hotels, club houses, boarding houses and apartment houses, where cooking is not done in the several apartments and where there are more than five bedrooms for hire. "Tenement House" shall be taken to mean a building which, or any part of which, is occupied by two or more families living independently of each other and doing their own cooking within the apartment or upon the prenises. "Existing Tenement House" shall be taken to mean any building erected as such or converted or altered to such use or so used before the passage of this act, and any building intended or suitable for such use, but not now completed, if the same shall have been filed in the office of the division of building and inspection, and the excavation of the same shall have been commenced in good faith before the taking effect of this ordinance. "Height of Building" shall be taken to mean the vertical distance between the highest part of the roof and the highest point of the established city grade of the sidewalk at the building line. "Open Lot" shall be taken to mean a lot bounded on all sides by intersecting street lines. "Through Lot" shall be taken to mean a lot running through to and fronting on two street lines or on one street line and on one alley line, and the remaining sides bounded by lot lines. "Interior Lot" shall be taken to mean a lot fronting on but one 62427 street line or on one alley line, and the remaining sides bounded by lot lines. "Lot Lines" shall be taken to mean the established boundary line between private property, or between private property and any public highway. A "Passageway" shall be taken to mean a covered passage extending from the street or alley to a court or yard, or from one court to another court or to a yard. "Picture Machine" is meant any machine or device, operated by or with the aid of electricity, adapted and used to project upon a screen or other surface pictorial representations of any character which the public are admitted to view upon payment of admission fee or otherwise. "Repairs" shall mean the renewal or restoration to its original condition of any part of a building which may have become wholly or partially unsound or ~ilapidated or unfit for the purpose for which it was created and which renewal may be necessary to maintain the integrity of the building; but the terms shall not be construed to permit the converting of a building, in whole or in part, into a new one, or in the creation of new conditions, except in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. "Minor Repairs" shall be taken to mean repairs not affecting the structural parts of the building and costing less than one hundred dollars. "Story" shall be taken to mean that portion of a building included between the surface of any floor and the surface of the next floor above it, or if there be no floor above it, then the space between such floor and the ceiling next above it. "Shaft" shall be taken to mean a shaft used solely for ventilating or lighting a watercloset compartment, bathroom or pantry in a two-story building only. "Slow Combustion Construction" or "Mill Construction" shall be taken to mean buildings of .the second class as herein defined. "Theatre" shall be taken to mean a building or portion of a building wherein it is made a business to carry on the presentation of dramatic, operatic, or other performances, or shows, for the entertainment of spectators, and having a permanent stage for such performance, whereon are employed scenery and other movable appliances. "Party Wall" shall be taken to mean a masonry wall used or built to be used for the common separation or support of adjoining buildings of separate owners. "Division Wall" shall be taken to mean a m'asonry wall entirely dividing or separating one building from another. 62428 "Partition Wall" shall be taken to mean any interior wall of masonry. "External Wall" shall be taken to mean every outer vertical enclosure of a building other than a party wall. "Curtain Wall" shall be taken to mean an enclosing wall built and supported between columns or piers, and on girders or other support and sustaining no weight but its own. A "Yard" shall be taken to mean an open, unoccupied space on the same lot with a tenement house for the full width of the lot. Fire Limits. Section Twenty. The fire limits shall consist of a district bounded by a line one hundred and fifty feet beyond the following described boundary: Beginning at a point on the Mississippi River where the north line of Adelaide Avenue extended eastwardly meets said river, thence westwardly along said extended north line and said north line of Adelaide Aveiue, to North Broadway, thence northwardly along the east line of North Broadway to Morin Avenue, thence westwardly along the north line of Morin Avenue to Florissant Avenue, thence northwardly along the east line of Florissant Avenue to Marcus Avenue, thence southwardly along the west line of Marcus Avenue to Natural Bridge Road, thence westwardly along the north line of Natural Bridge Road to Union Avenue, thence southwardly along the west line of Union Avenue to Easton Avenue, thence westwardly along the north line of Easton Avenue to the city limits, thence southwardly with the city limits at a point where the north line of Forest Park extended westwardly intersects the city limits, thence eastwardly along said north line of Forest Park extended westwardly and said north line. of said park to the west line of Kingshighway, thence south along the west line of Kingshighway, to Arsenal Street, thence eastwardly along the south line of Arsenal Street to Morganford Road, thence south along the south line of Arsenal Street to Morganford Road, thence south along the west line of Morganford Road to Meramec Street, thence east along the south line of Meramec Street to Grand Avenue, thence south along the west line of Grand Avenue and its extension to Loughborough Avenue, then east along the north line of Loughborough Avenue to Eighth Street, thence south along the east line of Eighth Street to Marceau Street, thence east along the north line of larceau Street to the Mississippi River, except that said fire limits shall not extend beyond those portions of Loughborough Avenue, Eighth Street and Marceau Street, here named as bounding said district. First-Class Buildings. Section Twenty-one. A Building of the FIRST-CLASS shall be taken to mean a building in which all walls, floors, roofs, and all parts that carry loads or resist stresses are 62429 constructed entirely of non-combustible and fire resisting material, and in which all metallic structural members are fireproofed and protected, as hereinafter provided, against the effects of fire, corrosion, and abrasion by coverings of masonry, concrete, terra cotta, or other materials having at least equivalent fire resisting properties. Buildings of the FIRST-CLASS shall conform to all structural requirements and details of construction as provided throughout this ordinance as applying to buildings of the FIRST-CLASS. All construction throughout shall be entirely of non-combustible and fire resisting materials except that the following may be of wood: The wearing surfaces of floor, and the necessary sleepers for their attachment. Window frames and sashes, except where required by this ordinance to be of metal and wire glass. Door Frames and Doors, except elevator doors and fire doors as hereinafter provided. Trim around doors and windows. Base and picture moulds. Hand rails and Treads of Stairs. Wainscoting, except where prohibited by this ordinance. Rough Frames and Nailing Blocks in non-bearing partitions of fireproof materials. There shall be no wood work of any kind built into masonry walls. There shall be no air spaces between the top of any floor construction and the floor boarding, or between any stair construction and any wooden stair tread, or behind any wood work, but all such spaces shall be solidly filled with concrete, plaster, or other materials having at least equivalent fire resisting properties. All exterior columns and all girders or other framing supporting more than one story of masonry shall be protected at every point by fireproof material at least eight (8) inches thick on their outer surfaces and at least three (3) inches thick on their inner surfaces. All interior columns shall be protected at every point by fireproof material at least three (3) inches thick. Floor and roof beams and other framing not supporting more than one story of masonry, shall be protected at every point by fireproof material at least two (2) inches thick. All structural members which may be subjected to unusual responsibility shall be especially protected and fireproofed in such manner as to effectually protect them and their loads from risk of accidents by fire or otherwise. 62430 Limit of Height of First-Class Buildings. Section Twenty-two. No building or other structure hereafter erected, except it be a hotel or office building or a spire, tower or smoke stack, shall be of a height exceeding one hundred and fifty (150) feet, and if such building front on a street sixty (60) feet or less in width, then such building shall not exceed two and one-half times the width of such street; and no hotel hereafter erected shall be of a height exceeding two hundred and six (206) feet, and no office building hereafter erected shall be of a height exceeding two hundred and fifty (250) feet, measured from the sidewalk to the top of the roof covering. The term '"office building" as used herein shall be construed to include buildings in which the lower stories to a height not to exceed two and one-half times the width of the narrowest street upon which the building may front, may be used for mercantile purposes. First-Class Buildings Exceeding Two Hundred and Six (206) Feet in Height. Section Twenty-three. First-class buildings exceeding two hundred and six (206) feet in height, shall in addition to conforming to all of the requirements for buildings of the First-class, conform to each of the following: The ground area of such buildings shall constitute at least one-half (1/2) of the land in the city block where it is erected. The building shall front on not less than three (3) city streets. Each story and subdivision thereof shall be equipped with a complete system of automatic sprinkling devices. There shall be no tight wooden partitions more than eight (8) feet high, and no wooden lockers constructed within such buildings. All exterior openings facing the streets, alleys, or courts, except the basement and first story. openings on public streets, shall be fitted with metal frames and sashes, and, shall be glazed with wire glass. The building shall be equipped with one four (4) inch standard stand pipe for every fifteen thousand '(15,000) square feet of ground area, or fractional part thereof. Each stand pipe shall be equipped with standard fire hose in each story at each valved opening. The building shall be equipped with one three (3) gallon chemical fire extinguisher for every two thousand (2,000) square feet of corridor floor area, or fractional part thereof, in the portion of the building designed for offices, and one three (3) gallon chemical fire extinguisher for every four thousand (4,000) square feet of mercantile floor area, or fractional part thereof. All elevator shafts and stairways leading to the portion of 62431 the building designed for offices shall be without openings to the floor spaces designed for mercantile purposes. All elevator shafts throughout any portion of the building designed for mercantile purposes, and all elevator shafts and stairways leading to the portion designed for offices, shall be enclosed with partitions constructed of masonry, concrete, terra cotta, or other materials having at least equivalent fire resisting properties. All stairways throughout the portion of the building designed for mercantile purposes except in the first or main story, and All elevator shafts throughout the portion designed for offices, shall be enclosed with metal and wire glass, or other fire resisting partitions, constructed according to standards which shall meet with the approval of the building commissioner. Each opening for each stairway in the street or main story in the portion designed for mercantile purposes, and for each open stairway throughout the portion designed for offices, shall be provided with a curtain constructed of concrete, or tile, or of metal and wire glass, extending downward at least twenty-four (24) inches from the ceilings of such stories. What Buildings Shall Be First-Class. Section Twenty-four. All buildings hereafter erected within the district bounded by Broadway, Chestnut street, Twelfth street and Washington avenue, and including the property fronting on either side of these four streets back to the present rear lot lines, shall be buildings of the First-Class. Every building exceeding two stories in height above the basement hereafter erected to be used as a school house, hospital, asylum or sanitarium, and every building exceeding four stories in height above the basement, hereafter erected to be used as a hotel, lodging house, tenement house, apartment house or office building, and every building hereafter erected to be used as a theater having a seating capacity exceeding one hundred persons and having seats for spectators above the main floor, and every building used as a picture show exceeding five thousand square feet in floor area or which has a balcony or gallery for spectators above the main floor, and every building hereafter erected exceeding one story in height to be used as a garage or as an automobile repair shop, and every building to be used for the purpose of dry cleaning in which gasoline, naptha, benzine or other inflammable liquid or oil are used as a solvent or cleanser, and every building to be used for boiling pitch, tar, rosin, turpentine, varnish, or other inflammable substances therein, and every building hereafter erected within the fire limits to be used for the storage of cotton or hemp in bales or in bulk for the purpose of boiling or to be used for manufacturing purposes, 62432 and all buildings inside of the fire limits to be used for the storing of hay or straw in bales or bulk exceeding five hundred bales, and every building wherein is placed a high pressure steam boiler, shall be a building of the first-class; provided, however, that a high pressure steam boiler may be installed in a separate building of the second or third class, in that event, the distaice from the boiler to the roof or any other woodwork shall not be less than eight feet. Every building coming within the provisions of this section which shall be converted or enlarged for any of the uses above mentioned, and every building hereafter erected, altered or enlarged to a height greater than ninety feet shall be a building of the first-class and shall comply in its construction with all of the provisions of this ordinance relating to buildings of the first-class. Second-Class Buildings. Section Twenty-five. A building of the second-class shall be taken to mean a building in which all exterior walls and all bearing partitions are constructed of masonry or concrete, in which all interior structural parts are built wholly or in part of .heavy dressed timbers, and in which all metallic structural members are fireproofed and protected in the same manner as required for Buildings of the First-Class. Buildings of the Second-Class shall confor, to all structural requirements and details of construction, as provided throughout this ordinance as applying to Buildings of the Second-Class. All structural parts when not constructed of heavy, dressed timbers shall be constructed entirely of non-combustible and fire resisting material. The least dimension of wooden columns, beams or girders shall be not less than eight (8) inches in the rough or seven and one-half (71/2) inches dressed. In proportioning wooden columns there shall be added, as a precaution against the weakening of the timbers by charring, one (1) inch all around to the calculated size as required in Section one hundred thirteen. All wooden columns, girders, and beams, and all wood planking shall be dressed, and all exposed corners shall be chamfered or rounded. Wooden columns shall be bored the full length of their axes with one and one-half (11/2) inch holes, and transversely near the top and bottom with one-half ('/2) inch holes. I Floors and roofs shall be of dressed tongued and grooved planking of such thickness that the extreme fibre stresses shall not exceed those given in Section one hundred thirteen, but in no case less than two and five-eighths (25/) inches thick. This planking shall constitute the under floor, upon which shall be laid a top floor of tongued and grooved material and crossing the under floor at an 62433 angle of not less than forty-five (45) degrees. Between the under floor and the top floor there shall be laid a fire stop of approved fireproof materials, which shall not be inferior to a double thickness of two-ply asbestos paper, well turned around walls and columns. All roofs shall be covered with fire resisting materials as provided in Section one hundred fifty-two. The walls at every floor level shall have masonry or concrete corbels or offsets of not less than four (4) inches upon which the floor planking shall rest. All beams bearing on masonry and all columns and girders shall rest upon iron or steel plates of sufficient size and thickness to properly distribute the loads to the supporting columns or masonry below, so as not to exceed the allowable unit stresses for the various materials as given in Section one hundred thirteen of this ordinance. All windows opening above the first story, except windows and openings on streets and vacant lots more than forty (40) feet in width, shall be equipped with metal frames and wire glass-provided that instead of metal frames and wire glass, such windows and openings in existing buildings may be equipped with fire shutters. There shall be no hollow wooden partitions nor any hollow or concealed spaces in any wooden construction, or between any wooden construction and any plaster or other miaterials. What Buildings Shall Be Second-Class. Section Twenty-six. Every building exceeding two stories. in height and having an undivided floor area exceeding seven thousand, five hundred (7,500) square feet, and every building exceeding seventy-five (75) feet and not over ninety (90) feet in height when not required by this ordinance to be a building of the first-class shall be a building of the second-class. Third-Class Buildings. Section Twenty-seven. A building of the third-class shall be taken to mean a building in which all exterior walls are constructed of masonry or concrete and in which the interior structural parts are constructed wholly or in part of wood, if not constructed as required for buildings of the second-class; or in which the interior structural parts are constructed wholly or in part of iron or steel which is not fireproofed or protected as required for buildings of the first-class. Buildings of the Third-Class shall conform to all structural requirements and details of construction, as provided throughout this ordinance as applying to Buildings of the Third-Class. All roofs shall be covered with fire resisting materials as provided in Section one hundred and fifty-two. Except where required by this ordinance to be of masonry or 62434 fire resisting materials, floors and roofs may be of wooden joist. construction, and partitions may be of wooden studs with plaster on both sides or other material approved by the building commissioner. The height shall not exceed seventy-five (75) feet, and when such building is used as an office building, hotel, tenement house, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, the height shall not exceed fifty (50) feet nor shall it exceed three (3) stories above the basement, excepting semi-fireproof buildings. The undivided floor area when such building is more than two (2) stories in height, shall not exceed seven thousand, five hundred (7,500) square feet, and when such building is more than two (2) stories in height, and is used as an office building, hotel, tenement house, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, the undivided floor area above the first story shall not exceed two thousand, five hundred (2,500) square feet. Any such building with a larger area than the above shall be divided with concrete partition walls, or brick partition walls of the standard thickness as required in Section fifty-six, so located that no undivided floor area shall exceed the areas given above. All such partition walls shall, where possible, start from the foundation; and all partitions in the basement and first story of such buildings, if occupied for business purposes, shall be of brick or concrete, and shall extend to the top of the floor joists of the floor above such partitions, effectually closing all spaces between the ceiling and floor with fireproof materials. If such partition walls do not extend below the second story floor line, the entire ceiling of the first story shall be covered with metal lath and plaster. All partitions between stores or places of business or tenements to be occupied by separate tenants, shall be constructed as provided for in Section eighty-nine. All openings in such partition walls shall have approved fire doors or shutters or metal windows and partitions with wire glass. Semi-Fireproof Buildings. Section Twenty-eight. A SEMI-FIREPROOF building shall be taken to mean a building of the THIRDCLASS, in which the exterior walls are constructed of masonry or concrete, and in which the interior structural parts are constructed wholly of fire resisting materials, fireproofed and protected as hereinafter provided. The floors and roofs shall be of steel joist channels, angles, I beams or other approved semi-fireproof construction. Partitions shall be constructed with hollow tile, gypsum blocks, of steel studs, or other fire resisting material, approved by the 62435 building commissioner. Partitions of hollow tile or gypsum blocks shall sustain no other than their own weight. Steel studs in bearing partitions shall be of not less than one-quarter (1/4) of an inch thickness of metal. Supporting columns and girders shall be of steel, of not less than one-quarter (1/4) of an inch thickness of metal, or of cast iron of not less than three-quarters (3/4) of an inch thickness of mnetal. Columns and girders shall be fireproofed and protected with cement plaster, at least one (1) inch thick, on expanded metal or wire lath. Floors and roofs shall be fireproofed and protected on top and bottom, and partitions shall be fireproofed and protected on both sides with cement plaster, at least three-quarters (3/4) of an inch thick, on expanded metal or wire lath, or with other fire resisting material approved by the building commissioner. All roofs shall be covered with fire resisting materials as provided in Section one hundred fifty-two. All stairs shall be constructed with the structural parts of noncombustible and fire-resisting materials, and the soffits shall be covered with metal or wire lath and cement plaster or other approved fireproof materials. All construction throughout shall be entirely of non-combustible and fire-resisting materials, except that the following may be. of wood: The wearing surface of floors, and the necessary sleepers for their attachment. Window frames and sashes; Door frames and doors, except elevator doors and fire doors as hereinafter provided; Trim around doors and windows; Base and picture moulds; Hand rails, risers and treads of stairs; Wainscoting, except where prohibited by this ordinance; Rough frames and nailing blocks in non-bearing partitions of fireproof materials. The height shall not exceed seventy-five (75) feet, and when such building is used as an office building, hotel, tenement house, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, the height shall not exceed sixty-five (65) feet, nor shall it exceed four (4) stories above the basement. When a building of semi-fireproof construction is more than two (2) stories in height and is to be used as an office building, hotel, tenement house, apartment house, boarding or lodging house, the undivided floor area shall not exceed seven thousand, five hundred 62436 (7,500) square feet, and when intended to be used for other purposes than office buildings, hotels, tenement houses, apartment houses, boarding or lodging houses, may have an undivided floor area not exceeding ten thousand (10,000) square feet. Any such building with a larger area than the above, shall be divided with concrete partition walls, or with brick partition walls of the standard thickness, as required in Sections fifty-five or fifty-six (depending upon the intended use of the building); so located that no undivided floor area shall exceed the areas given above. All semi-fireproof buildings hereafter altered or converted to be used for purposes aforesaid, shall comply with all the requirements of this section. Fourth Class Buildings. Section Twenty-nine. A building of the FOURTH CLASS shall be taken to mean a building in which the exterior walls and the interior structural parts are constructed either wholly or in part of wood, or wholly or in part of iron or steel, which is not fireproofed or protected as required for buildings of the FIRST CLASS, or for Semi-Fireproof Buildings of the THIRD CLASS. Buildings of the FOURTH CLASS shall conform to all structural requirements and details of construction as provided throughout this ordinance, as applying to Buildings of the FOURTH CLASS. Fourth Class Buildings Within the Fire Limits. Section Thirty. No FOURTH CLASS building shall hereafter be built within the district known as the fire limits, as defined in this ordinance, except such buildings as are provided for in Sections thirty-two, thirtythree, thirty-four and thirty-five of this ordinance. Buildings of the FOURTH CLASS within the fire limits, except open shelters and lumnber sheds, and except iron clad buildings and steel buildings of the FOURTH CLASS, shall CONFORV TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING REQUIREVEENTS: All roofs shall be covered with fire-resisting materials as provided in Section one hundred fifty-two. Such buildings shall not be built or placed nearer than three (3) feet to the line of any property of another owner, nor nearer than ten (10) feet to the line of any street, nor on the front half of any lot, nor nearer than six (6) feet to any other building, unless separated therefrom by a brick wall of standard thickness, as required in Section fifty-six or sixty-eight, depending upon the height and length of such wall. The ground area of such building shall not exceed four hundred (400) square feet. The height of such building shall not exceed twelve (12) feet. Such building shall not be lathed or plastered or lined so as to 62437 constitute a habitation, or be used for a dwelling. Fourth Class Buildings Outside the Fire Limits. Section Thirtyone. Buildings of the FOURTH CLASS outside of the fire limits, except open shelter and lumber sheds, and except iron clad buildings and steel buildings of the FOURTH CLASS shall conform to each of the following requirements: The size of such building shall not exceed four hundired thousand (400,000) cubic feet. The height of such building shall not exceed forty (40) feet. Such buildings shall not be built or placed nearer to the line of the property of another owner than three (3) feet, unless separated from the property of such other owner by a brick wall of standard thickness, as required in Sections fifty-six or sixty-eight (depending upon the height and length of the wall), and this distance shall not be less than one foot for every ten thousand (10,000) cubic feet of size or fractional part thereof, of such building. Such building shall not be built or placed in any block nearer than seventy-five (75) feet to the line of any street where there are fronting upon either or both sides of such street along said block, six (6) or more buildings of the First, Second or Third Class. When such buildings are to be used as dwellings, tenements or stores, and are erected in continuous rows, they shall be separated from each other by brick walls of standard thickness, as required in Section fifty-six, supporting such buildings and extending through the roofs, as provided in Section seventy-four. Lumber Sheds and Open Shelters of Wood Construction. Section Thirty-two. It shall be permissible to erect lumber sheds in lumber yards to protect lumber carried in stock, and to erect open shelter within the fire limits, in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance. The ground area shall not exceed ten thousand (10,000) square feet. Lumber sheds and open shelters shall not exceed twenty (20) feet in height, and shall be open on all sides for at least one-third of their height, unless enclosed with brick walls of standard thickness, as required in Sections fifty-six or sixty-eight (depending upon the height and length of the wall). Such lumber shed and open shelter shall not be built nearer than three (3) feet to the property of another owner, nor nearer than three (3) feet to another building, unless separated from the property of such other owner or building by brick walls of standard thickness as required in Sections fifty-six or sixty-eight, depending upon the height and length of the wall, and this distance shall not be less than one foot for every four hundred (400) square feet of 62438 area, or fractional part thereof of such shelter or shed. All 'roofs shall be covered with fire-resisting materials, as provided in Section one hundred fifty-two. Iron Clad Buildings. Section Thirty-three. An "Iron Clad Building" is a building of the FOURTH CLASS, in which the structural framework is of metal, or of wood, or of both metal and wood and with the roofs and enclosed sides covered with corrugated sheet metal. In places where no permanent foundationi for a substantial building exists, and an IRON CLAD Building would not prove hazardous to surrounding property, a permit may be granted for the erection of such a building, within the Fire Limits, in accordance with the provisons of this section. The ground area of such building shall not exceed seven thousand five hundred (7,500) square feet. Such building shall not exceed twenty-five (25) feet in height, nor shall it exceed one story in height. When such building exceeds three hundred (300) square feet in ground area, each piece of wood used in the framework of such building shall be encased on all sides with sheet metal of a thickness of not less than number twenty-four (24) gauge. When such building exceeds one thousand (1,000) square feet in ground area, there shall be no wooden flooring, unless laid on sleepers imbedded in the earth or in concrete, so that there shall be no open space beneath such floor. The roofs and enclosed sides shall be covered with corrugated sheet metal of a thickness not less than number twenty-four (24) gauge, attached directly to the framework without the use of wooden sheathing of any kind. Such building shall not be built or placed nearer than five (5) feet to the property of another owner, nor nearer than ten (10) feet to another building, unless separated therefrom by a brick wall of standard thickness, as required in Section fifty-six or sixty-eight (depending upon the height and length of the wall), and these spaces shall not be less than one foot for every eight thousand (8,000) cubic feet, or fractional part thereof, of size of such building, between it and the property of another owner, nor nearer than one foot for every four thousand (4,000) cubic feet, or fractional part thereof, of size of such building, between it and any other building unless separated therefrom by a brick wall of standard thickness \ as aforesaid. Steel. Buildings of the Fourth Class. Section Thirty-four. Buildings having skeleton framework and composed of steel angles, or channels, and walls, roof and doors constructed wholly of steel, with 62439 windows constructed of wire glass with metal frames and sash, may hereafter be erected within the fire limits of the City of St. Louis. Buildings of this character shall be placed on piers or foundations of concrete, stone or brick, and may be erected on the lot line, but no such building shall exceed five hundred square feet in ground area, nor twelve (12) feet in height nor shall such building be erected on the front half of any lot. Grain Elevators. Section Thirty-five. Nothing in this ordinance shall be construed to prevent the erection of grain elevators as usually constructed, provided they are erected on or adjacent to the river front or railroad tracks, in isolated localities, and under such conditions as the building commissioner may prescribe, including location. . Buildings Failing to Conform to Requirements. Section Thirtysix. Buildings hereafter erected, enlarged or altered, which fail to conform to any one or more of the requirements for buildings of the FIRST CLASS, but do conform to all of the requirements for buildings of the Second-Class, shall, for the purposes of this ordinance, be classified as buildings of the Second-Class. Buildings hereafter erected, enlarged or altered, which fail to conform to any one or more of the requirements for buildings of the First-Class and to any one or more of the requirements for buildings of the Second-Class, but do conform to all of the requirements for buildings of the Third-Class, shall for the purposes of this ordinance be classified as buildings of the Third-Class. All buildings or other structures which cannot be classified as First, Second, or Third Class, shall, for the purposes of this ordinance be classified as Fourth Class. Restrictions of Floor Areas-First and Second Class Buildings. Section Thirty-seven. The undivided floor areas in buildings of the FIRST CLASS and in buildings of the SECOND CLASS shall not exceed the following, except as noted below, under certain conditions, the areas may be unrestricted. In buildings of the FIRST CLASS, three (3) or more stories in height-twelve thousand (12,000) square feet. In buildings of the SECOND CLASS, three (3) or more stories in height-seven thousand, five hundred (7,500) square feet. Buildings with larger floor areas than the areas given above, shall be divided with concrete partition walls or brick partition walls of the standard thickness, as required in Section fifty-five, so located that no undivided floor area shall exceed the areas given above. All openings in such partition walls shall be equipped on each side with automatically closing fire doors of approved construction. Such partition walls shall be carried above the roof and capped, 62440 as provided in Section seventy-four. Unrestricted Floor Areas-First and Second Class Buildings, Section Thirty-eight. (A.) The undivided floor areas in buildings of the First Class and in buildings of the Second Class, shall not be restricted if the building is equipped with an approved complete system ' of automatic sprinkling devices throughout every story; if all stairways and elevator shafts or other openings from story to story are enclosed with walls of brick or concrete, and if all openings in such walls from the building are equipped with automatically closing fire doors of approved construction. (B.) The undivided floor areas in buildings of the First Class and in buildings of the Second Class shall not be restricted if the building is equipped with an improved complete system of automatic sprinkling devices throughout every story and stairways and elevator or other openings from story to story may be left open if, in addition to such open stairway or elevator or open shaft and situated not nearer than twenty (20) feet from such open stairway or elevator or open shaft, there be such a number of fireproof stairways enclosed in walls of brick or concrete, as shall not be less than one such fireproof stairway for every fifteen thousand (15,000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof, for buildings of the First Class or not less than one such fireproof stairway for every ten thousand (10,000) square feet of floor area or fractional part thereof for buildings of the .Second Class. Such fireproof stairways shall be so placed that all parts of the floor area of each story above the first shall be within one hundred (100) feet of a stairway, and such stairway shall be so constructed that they may be entered only from the open air from every story; they shall not be less than three feet and eight inches (3' 8") wide, without winding steps, with handrails on both sides, with treads of not less than ten (10) inches, and risers of not more than eight (8) inches. All doorways leading to such stairways, in all stories above the ground story, shall open toward the stairs and shall be plainly indicated by means of conspicuous signs constructed of letters not less than four (4) inches in height. All doors leading from such stairways in the ground story shall open outwardly into a street, alley, yard or outer court. Quality of Materials. Section Thirty-nine. All materials shall be of such quality for the purpose for which they are to be used as to insure, in the judgment of the building commissioner, ample safety and security to life, limb and neighboring property. Building materials are to conform to legal, trade, and manufacturers' standards, and shall be subject to the approval of the building commissioner, who may require tests to be made by the architect, engineer, builder, 62441 or owner to determine the strength of the structural materials before or after they are incorporated in a building, and may require certified copies of the results of tests made elsewhere, from the architect, engineer, builder, owner, or other interested parties. Excavations and Foundations. Section Forty. All excavations shall be so protected by the person making or causing the same to be made that the adjoining soil shall not cave in by reason of its own weight. Duty of Excavators and Adjoining Owners. Section Forty-one. Every person who proposes to excavate so near the foundation of any building, wall or other structure situated on an adjoining lot of land, belonging to another owner, as may be liable to render the condition of such building, wall or other structure unsafe, shall notify the owner or owners thereof, in writing, at least three days before commencing such excavation that he proposes to make the same, and giving the size and approximate depth, a copy of which notice shall be filed in the division of building and inspection, and it shall-be the duty of the owner or owners thereof at his or their own expense, to protect and keep such building, wall or other structure in a safe condition, and the owner or owners of the adjoining building, wall or other structure shall be permitted by the person making such excavation to enter upon the premises where such excavation is being made whenever necessary, to fully perform his or their duty as required by this section. Access to Premises of Adjoining Owner. Section Forty-two. It is hereby made the duty of every owner of a lot or parcel of land, upon the presentation of the hereinafter mentioned notice, to permit the owner of an adjoining lot of land, or his duly authorized agent, to enter upon such lot of land for the purpose of repairing or removing any wall, building or other structure or any part thereof, when the same shall be in an unsafe condition and when such an adjoining owner shall have been notified in writing by the building commissioner, commanding him to remove, repair or secure such wall, building or other structure or any part thereof. And it is further made the duty of the persons so entering upon the land of another to protect the land, premises, and the buildings thereon, from damage by reason of such entry. Piling. Section Forty-three. Where pile foundations are used, the number of piles shall be sufficient to support the superimposed load and the spacing shall be such as to distribute the load uniformly on each pile. The resultant stresses shall not exceed the allowable unit stresses as given in Section Forty-four. Plans for pile foundations shall be submitted to the building commissioner for approval and shall specify the least diameter of 62442 the heads and points of the piles. The diameter of the points of the piles shall not be less than seven (7) inches. Piles shall not be driven closer than two feet six inches center to center. There shall not be less than two rows of piles under all exterior party walls or other walls less than seventy feet high and not less than three rows under all walls over seventy feet high, excepting that under walls not exceeding fifty feet high, a single staggered row of piles may be used if all other conditions of stability are complied with. The heads of the piles shall be protected against splitting while being driven. The heads shall be capped with concrete. Concrete piles shall be driven or finished to the required elevations or else cut off to such elevations. Timber piles shall be cut off to a uniform elevation at least one foot below the lowest ground water level. Loads on Piles. Timber Piles. Concrete Piles. Section Fortyfour. The safe load on timber piles shall be determined by, and shall not exceed that given by the following formula, and in no case shall it exceed fifty thousand pounds per pile: 2wh for steam hammer, or P - S +1-10 2wh P= for drop hammer S + 1 P = safe load in pounds. S = penetration in inches under the last blow, or the average penetration under the last five (5) blows. H -- fall of hammer in feet. W = weight of hammer in pounds. A wood follower shall not be used in determining the safe load. The safe load on concrete piles shall be determined by test piles driven and loaded under the general direction of the building commissioner, but in no case shall the allowable compression exceed four hundred'(400) pounds per square inch at a section six (6) feet from the surface of the ground in immediate contact with the pile. Tests shall be made on at least two piles in different locations and as directed by the building commissioner. Not less than three piles shall be driven for each test. The pile to be loaded shall be driven first, the second pile shall be driven within six hours of the driving of the first, the third pile shall be driven within twenty to twenty-four hours after the first. The two latter shall be driven with centers not to exceed twice the greatest diameter of pile, from 62443 the center of the test pile. The tests shall not be started until at least ten days after the piles to be loaded are driven, except that piles that have been cast and set up before driving may be tested as soon as practicable after driving. The piles shall be loaded with twice the proposed carrying load of the pile. The settlement shall be measured daily until the pile shows no settlement for twenty-four hours. One-half of the test load shall be allowed for the carrying load, if the test shows no settlement for twenty-four hours and the total settlement has not exceeded one-hundredth of an inch multiplied by the test load in tons. Pneumatic Caisson Foundations. Section Forty-five. When it becomes necessary to carry the superimposed loads of a building to solid rock through strata containing quicksand, or other treacherous conditions of soil, the building commissioner may require the use of pneumatic caisson work, but, before such work is started, the' division of building and inspection shall be furnished with a full report as to soil conditions and the manner or procedure of sinking the caissons and other details of such work. Drain Tiles for Ground Dampness. Section Forty-six. In all cases where the nature of the soil is damp or contains water, suitable provisions shall be made to carry off all such dampness or n'oisture, by means of drain tiles, laid outside of the walls, or inside of the walls, or both outside and inside, such drain tiles to be connected with a catch basin or other suitable device, and thence discharged into the house drain. Footings. Section Forty-seven. All footings shall be of concrete, or stepped-up brick work, or stone, of sufficient thickness and area to safely bear the weight to be imposed thereon. If footings be of concrete, the concrete shall not be less than eight inches thick under walls, and not less than twelve inches thick under piers, columns and posts when the footing projections is not more than six inches for walls, nor more than ten inches for piers, columns or posts. Where the footings are to have greater projections than those above given, the ratio of projection to thickness, shall be as three is to four, provided, however, that when wide openings are to be left in a wall, footings thereunder may be omitted if the adjoining footings are sufficiently increased in thickness and width -q safely carry the additional loads thereby imposed. If steel or -iron rails or beams are used as parts of foundation, they shall be completely imbedded in concrete sufficiently rammed to fill all cavities. The beams or rails must be completely enveloped in concrete. Foundation Walls. Section Forty-eight. Every building of the 62444 First, Second, and Third Class, and every building of the Fourth Class of more than one story in height, shall have fpundations of stone, brick or concrete, which shall extend not less than two feet six inches below the adjoining exposed surface of the earth, and shall have suitable footings and rest on solid ground, or on benched and leveled rock, or upon piles. Foundation walls of stone shall not be less than six inches thicker than the walls next above them, to a depth of ten feet below grade, and for every additional five feet in depth, or part thereof, they shall be increased six inches in thickness. No stone foundations supporting a three-story building shall be less than twenty-one inches in thickness., All stone walls twenty-four inches or less in thickness shall have at least one header, extending through the wall in every three feet in height from the bottom of the wall, and in every four feet in length, and if over twenty-four inches in thickness shall have one header for every six superficial feet on both sides of the wall, and running into the wall at least two feet. All headers shall be at least eighteen inches in width and consist of good flat stone. No stone shall be laid in such walls in any other position than on its natural bed. Foundation walls of brick or concrete shall not be less than four inches thicker than the walls next above them, to a depth of eight feet below grade, and for every additional five feet in depth, or part thereof, they shall be increased four inches in thickness. Retaining Walls. Section Forty-nine. Retaining walls shall be constructed of stone, brick or concrete. If constructed of stone or brick, they shall not be less than thirty inches thick at the bottom for a height of twelve feet and for every additional five feet or fractional part thereof in height at least six inches shall be added to the thickness of the wall at the bottom. Such wall may be battered to eighteen inches at the top. All retaining walls shall be laid up in first-class Portland cement mortar made as provided in Section Fifty-two of this ordinance and shall be well grouted in against the earth bank or pointed on the outside at least four feet down from the top of the wall. If constructed of re-inforced concrete, the wall shall be in conformity with Sections Ninety-one to One Iundred, inclusive, of this ordinance. Materials for Walls. Section Fifty. The walls of every building other than buildings of the Fourth Class shall be constructed of stone, concrete, brick, iron or other hard, incombustible materials. Concrete for Walls and Foundations. Section Fifty-one. In all buildings of the first, second and third class, hereafter erected, where concrete is used for walls or foundations, the concrete shall be composed of Portland cement, clean, sharp river sand, and lime- 62445 stone, or other equally good stone macadam, or gravel. The stone shall be crushed or broken into small pieces, the largest of which shall pass freely through a ring two inches in diameter. The proportions of cement, sand and macadam shall be as follows: One part cement to not more than three parts of sand, and not more than five parts of macadam, or gravel, mixed in such a manner that the materials shall be uniformly distributed throughout the mass. All concrete shall be used at once, and before it has become set or hard. Quality of Mortars. Section Fifty-two. In all buildings of the first and second class hereafter erected, the mortar used in the foundations and walls below the level of the first floor, shall not be inferior to a mortar composed of one part Portland cement and three parts of clean sand, thoroughly mixed dry so as to be of one uniform color, and shall have the proper amount of water added to make a smooth working mortar and shall be used while fresh. From the first floor level to the top of the building, for all buildings of the First and Second Class, the mortar used shall not be inferior to a mortar composed of one part natural cement to three parts of sand, mixed and used as described above, or a mortar composed of equal parts of Portland cement mortar, as first above described, and lime mortar, thoroughly mixed and used while fresh. In buildings of the Third Class hereafter erected more than three stories in height above the basement the mortar shall not be inferior to that herein required for buildings of the First and Second Class. In buildings of the Third Class hereafter erected, three stories or less in height above the basement, and in foundations for buildings of the Fourth Class, the mortar used shall not be inferior to a mortar made from fresh burned lime, well slaked and mixed with clean, sharp, sand. All mortars shall be made with such materials and such proportions of sand as will secure thorough adhesion to the materials with which they are to be used; and it shall be unlawful to use mortars not so made, or to use mortars inferior to those herein described. Quality of Brick Work and Bond. Section Fifty-three. The bricks used in all buildings of the First and Second Class shall not be inferior to the grade known as "strictly hard and red" bricks. The bricks used in all buildings of the Third Class, exceeding three stories in height, shall not be inferior to "ordinary hard and red " bricks. The bricks used in all other buildings shall not be inferior to "merchantable" bricks. The bricks used in the foundations of all buildings shall not be inferior to "strictly hard and red" bricks. All walls of brick shall be thoroughly bonded and tied and solidly built; all exposed joints shall be struck. Every sixth course at 62446 least, of a brick wall shall be a heading or bonding course, except where walls are faced with face brick, in which case every fifth course shall be bonded with bond brick, Flemish headers, or with a metal bond satisfactory to the building commissioner, Wetting Bricks. Section Fifty-four. Bricks, when laid in warm weather, shall be wetted, when laid in cold weather shall be thoroughly dry and protected from the elements. Thickness of Brick Walls. Section Fifty-five. The minimum allowable thickness for brick external and division bearing walls for buildings of the First, Second and Third Classes, except for dwellings, lodging houses and tenement houses, shall be, for the top two stories, thirteen (13) inches; for the next two stories below, eighteen (18) inches; and for each succeeding two stories of increased height, the walls shall be four inches thicker than the two stories next above them. Party walls and division walls of any length in buildings for mercantile and manufacturing purposes shall be four (4) inches thicker in all stories than the thickness above given. Walls exceeding one hundred and ten feet in length, for buildings more than one story in height, unless the floors are constructed of reinforced concrete, as provided in Section Fiftyseven, shall be made four (4) inches thicker than the minimum thickness first given above, unless there be intersecting walls of equal height, or solid buttresses extending to the top of the wall, and having a projection beyond such wall of not less than nine (9) inches, with a sectional area of not less than three hundred square inches for each lineal feet of such wall. Brick Walls for Dwellings-Lodging--Apartment and Tenement Houses. Section Fifty-six. The minimum thickness of brick external and division bearing walls, for dwellings, lodging houses, apartment and tenement houses, shall be, for the top three stories, thirteen (13) inches; for the next two stories below, eighteen (18) inches; and for each succeeding two stories of increased height, the walls shall be four (4) inches thicker than the two stories next above them. Walls exceeding eighty feet in length for such buildings shall be made of the thickness given in Section Fifty-five. Thickness in Walls of Buildings of Concrete Construction. Section Fifty-seven. In buildings of concrete construction, where the floor slabs and columns are of rigid and continuous reinforced concrete construction and the slabs are built in and form an integral part of the wall, and where the building does not depend upon the lateral strength of its outer or division walls for horizontal stability, walls of minimum thickness as provided for in Section Fifty-five, may be employed without the additional thickness required in said section for walls exceeding one hundred and 62447 ten feet in length; provided, however, that no such wall shall be loaded beyond the unit stresses for brick work as given in Section One Hundred Thirteen of this ordinance. Walls of Buildings Supporting Trusses. Section Fifty-eight. The walls of churches, theaters, foundries, machine shops, armories, markets, assembly rooms, halls, and buildings of like character, shall not be less in thickness, than the thickness prescribed in Section Fifty-five, with such piers or buttresses in addition thereto, as may be necessary to make such building safe and substantial within the provisions of this ordinance. Increased Thickness of Bearing Walls with Openings. Section Fifty-nine. If any horizontal section through any part of any bearing wall, in any building other than a skeleton building, shows more than fifty (50) per centum area of flues or openings, such wall shall be increased four (4) inches in thickness for every ten (10) per centum or fractional part thereof of flue or opening area, in excess of fifty (50) per centum, or instead of such increase in thickness the same amount of materials may be used in piers or buttresses having the same sectional area as would be required for such additional thickness. Recesses and Chases. Section Sixty. Recesses for stairways and elevators may be left in the foundation or cellar walls of any building, but in no case shall the walls be of a less thickness than the walls of the third story, unless reinforced by additional piers or iron columns and girders securely anchored to the walls on each side. No chase for water or other pipes shall be made in any pier, and in no wall more than one-half of its thickness. No horizontal chase or slot shall be permissible in any wall, except the wall be reinforced in such a manner as to compensate for any reduction of its strength by reason of such chase or slot. Recesses for alcoves and similar purposes shall not be deeper than one-half the thickness of the wall, and in no case shall there be less than nine (9) inches of brick work at the back of such recesses, provided, however, that such recesses shall not be more than eight (8) feet wide, and shall be arched over and not carried up higher than a point eighteen inches below the bottom of the beams of the floor next above. The aggregate area of recesses in any wall shall not exceed one-fourth of the whole area of the face of the wall on any story, nor shall any such recess be made within a distance of six (6) feet from any other recess in the same wall. Walls with Air Spaces and Hollow Brick. Section Sixty-one. Brick walls with an air space may be erected under this ordinance, but the amount of material in said wall shall be the same as required for a standard wall of the same height built solid, and no 62448 such walls shall be built unless the parts of the same are connected by proper ties of brick or iron placed not over twenty-four (24) inches apart, horizontally and vertically, throughout the entire surface of the wall. The inside four (4) inches of standard walls may be built of hard burned hollow clay schale or porous terra cotta bricks of standard dimensions properly tied and bonded. Walls with Hollow Bricks. Section Sixty-two. The inside four (4) inches of standard walls may be built of hard burned hollow clay schale or porous terra cotta bricks of standard dimensions, properly tied and bonded. Restriction on Use of Timber in Walls. Section Sixty-three. No wooden blocks of timber shall be built into the masonry walls of any building of the Second or Third Class, except finish blocks and lintels, provided, however, no wooden lintels shall exceed seven (7) feet in length. It shall be unlawful to build into any wall any continuous horizontal timber, or to erect, construct, alter or build any wall upon wooden girders, rafters or lintels, or to support any such wall by any wooden support whatever; but all such supports shall be of iron, brick or stone, and of sufficient size and strength to support the super-structure. Non-Bearing Wall lMay be of Reduced Thickness. Section Sixtyfour. Non-bearing walls may be four (4) inches less in thickness than the minimum thickness provided in Section Fifty-five, provided, however, that no wall shall be less than thirteen inches thick, except as herein otherwise specified. Thickness of Curtain Walls lYtay be Reduced. Section Sixty-five. Curtain walls may be less in thickness than the minimum thickness, provided in Section Fifty-five, for the walls of buildings of the First, Second or Third Class, but no curtain wall shall be less than thirteen inches in thickness. Curtain walls in skeleton construction buildings may be of hollow clay tile of the same thickness as herein required for brick walls. Brick or Stone Piers, Bond and Cap Plates. Section Sixty-six. Every pier built of brick or stone having an area of less than nine (9) square feet at the base, and supporting any truss, beam or girder, arch, column, or lintel spanning an opening over ten feet, or supporting a wall, shall be capped with an iron plate of sufficient strength and size to safely distribute the load on such pier. Brick piers shall be built of hard well-burned brick. Brick or stone piers shall be laid in cement mortar, as provided in Section Fifty-two, hereof. Isolated piers of concrete, brick, or masonry shall not be higher than six (6) times their smallest dimensions unless the unit of stresses as described in Section One Hundred Thirteen are reduced according to the following formula: 62449 H P equals C (1.25 minus --- ). 20 U In which formula P is the reduced allowed unit stress. C is the unit stress in the above table. H is the height of the pier in feet. D is the least dimension of the pier in feet. No pier shall exceed in height twelve (12) times the least dimension. Weight of pier shall be added to other loads in computing load coming on the pier. Heights of Stories. Section Sixty-seven. The story height of buildings shall be the distance between structural floor systems, or between such structural floor systems and structural roof system; and shall be, as follows: Where thirteen-inch walls are used the story height shall not exceed eighteen (18) feet. Where seventeen (17) inch walls are used, the story height shall not exceed twentyfour (24) feet. Where twenty-one (21) inch walls are used, the story height shall not exceed thirty feet. Where the story height is greater than thirty feet, the walls shall not be of less thickness than the following: The upper fifteen feet shall not be less than seventeen (17) inches in thickness, and the walls shall be increased four inches in thickness at each interval of fifteen feet or fractional part thereof of height. Nine (9) Inch Walls. Section Sixty-eight. One-story buildings may be built with walls of nine (9) inches in thickness where such walls do not exceed fifteen (15) feet in height, for fifty (50) feet in length; but no wall support girders shall be less than thirteen (13) inches thick. In dwellings, hotels, apartment, lodging and tenement houses and mercantile and manufacturing buildings, when .such buildings as hereinbefore mentioned do not exceed three stories in height, may when a portion of a story is omitted, or roofed at a lower level than another part, and where there are no masonry walls at or below the line of such division, be built of brick walls, nine (9) inches in thickness, provided, such walls do not exceed fifty (50) feet in length, nor more than one-story in height, nor more than twelve (12) feet in height from floor line to ceiling line, provided, however, such walls may be built to a length not exceeding one hundred (100) feet when such walls have solid buttresses built into same, extending full height of wall, and having a projection beyond such wall of not less than four (4) inches, with a section area of not less than one hundred (100) square inches, for each fifteen (15) lineal feet of such wall; and it shall be permissible to build gables 62450 in dwellings and tenement houses of nine (9) inch walls, provided such walls do not exceed one-story in height, nor twenty (20) feet in height from top of thirteen (13) inch wall below and crown of roof; and furthermore, no such construction shall have an exposed surface exceeding three hundred (300) square feet in area. Stone Ashlar, Terra Cotta and Metal Eacings. Section Sixtynine. Any brick wall may be faced with stone ashlar, which ashlar shall not be less than four (4) inches in thickness and the combined thickness of brick work and ashlar shall be at least four (4) inches greater than the standard thickness of walls, as provided in Section Fifty-five, of this ordinance, provided that if alternate courses of stone ashlar of not more than six (6) courses of brick in height for each course of stone are bonded at least four (4) inches into the brick work, the combined thickness of brick work and ashlar may be of standard thickness, the ashlar or stone facing being figured as part of the thickness of wall. All stone ashlar shall be substantially bonded or anchored to the brick backing at least every two (2) feet in height and four (4) feet in length. Terra cotta facings on brick walls or piers may be used, without any increased thickness of walls, provided all such facings be backed up solid with brick or concrete, the brick or concrete to fill all the hollow spaces in the terra cotta in such a manner that the same shall be thoroughly incorporated with the wall. Where metal facings are used on brick walls no extra thickness of brick work shall be required. Existing Party Walls May Be Used. Section Seventy. Walls heretofore built for or used as party walls, whose thickness at the time of their erection was in accordance with the requirements of the then existing ordinance, but which may not be in accordance with the requirements of this ordinance, may be used if in good condition, for the ordinary uses of party walls, provided the height of the same be not increased. Height May Be Increased. Section Seventy-one. In case it is desired to increase the height of existing walls, which walls are less in thickness than the standard required under this ordinance, Section Fifty-five, the same shall be done by a lining of brick work to form a combined thickness with the old wall of not less than four inches more than the thickness required for a standard wall corresponding with the total height of the wall when so increased in height. The said lining shall be supported in proper foundations. However, no lining shall be less than nine (9) inches in thickness, and all linings shall be laid up in cement mortar and thoroughly anchored to the old brick walls with suitable wrought iron anchors placed two. (2) feet apart and properly imbedded into the old 62451 walls in rows alternating vertically and horizontally with each other. The old walls must first be cleaned of plaster or other coatings. In place of a brick lining as above, a skeleton steel or iron frame may be erected against said old wall and be properly anchored to same. The strength of said steel or iron frame and its foundations shall be the same as called for in buildings of skeleton steel construction for walls of similar height, and such steel or iron frame shall be fire-proofed as provided in this ordinance. Where the brick walls of dwellings erected before the passage of this ordinance was found, upon inspection by the building commissioner, to be sound and in good condition, and to be capable of sustaining safely an additional story, he may, at his discretion, issue a permit for the erection of such additional story of brick :work, even though the walls of the existing building be of less thickness than that required by this ordinance. Walls Not to Be Carried Up in Advance of Others. Section Seventy-two. No wall or walls of any building, other than a skeleton building, shall be carried up in advance of any other wall of said building, except in the following manner; in all cases where one or more walls are carried up in advance of other walls of the same building, suitable provisions shall be made to properly bond together and anchor such walls every four (4) feet in their height by wrought iron tie anchors, not less than one and one-half (11/2) inches by three-eighths (3/) of an inch in size, and four (4) feet long. All piers shall be anchored to beams or girders on the level of each tier. Walls and Beams to Be Braced. Section Seventy-three. The walls and beams of every building, during the erection or alteration thereof, .shall be strongly braced from the beams of every story, and when necessary shall also be braced from the outside, until the building is inclosed. The roof tier of beams shall be safely anchored' to the beams of the story below until the building is inclosed. Parapet Fire Walls and Copings. Section Seventy-four. In mercantile, or manufacturing buildings, all division or party walls shall be carried thirty (30) inches above the roof covering as a fire wall and shall be not less than thirteen (13) inches thick above roofs and shall be coped and covered with stone, well-burnt terra cotta or cast iron; division and party walls for all other buildings excepting residences, shall be carried up to a height of not less than eighteen (18) inches above the roof covering at any point, and for residence not less than twelve (12) inches at any point, and shall be coped as required above. Hollow Tile Walls. Section Seventy-five. Clause One. In build- 62452 ings of the First, second and Third Class hereafter built and used as dwelling houses, stables and garages and pent houses or bulkheads, may be constructed in any part of the city, of hollow tile, provided such tile meet the requirements hereinafter provided and are constructed and erected in the manner described in this section. Clause Two. All hollow tile used in the construction of walls or partitions shall be hollow schale or terra cotta, well manufactured and free from checks and cracks, each piece or block to be molded square and true and to be hard burned so as to have a good clear ring when struck, and not to absorb more than twelve (12) per cent of its own weight in moisture. Each of said blocks shall develop an ultimate crushing strength of not less than three thousand (3,000) pounds per square inch of available section of web area, and shall not be loaded when in the wall more than eighty (80) pounds per square inch of effective bearing area. Tiles shall have outershells or walls not less than three-quarters (3/4) of an inch thick and shall be additionally reinforced by continuous interior walls or webs which shall not be less than one-half (1 ) inch thick, and so arranged that no void shall exceed four (4) inches in cross section at any point. It is further provided that the building commissioner may require a test to be made of such blocks before allowing the same to be placed in the wall, if, in his judgment, there be any doubt as to whether such blocks, proposed to be used, meet the requirements above specified. Clause Three. No foundation wall of any building or any party wall shall be constructed of hollow blocks or terra cotta tiles, and no hollow tile or terra cotta wall or partition shall be supported in part or entirely by any wooden or other combustible beam, girder or post. Clause Four. Hollow tile exterior and bearing walls shall have a minimum thickness of twelve (12) inches and shall not exceed one (1) story in height. No story height'shall exceed twelve (12) feet clear, measuring from the floor to ceiling. It may be permissible to build exterior curtain walls in skeleton construction buildings in all stories, provided, however, that no such curtain walls shall exceed twenty (20) feet in height. All hollow tile exterior walls shall be plastered on the outside three-fourths (3/4) of an inch thick with Portland cement mortar. Clause Five. Hollow tile may be used for interior walls in all the above classes of buildings for non-bearing or curtain walls and partitions; however, such walls or partitions shall be at least three inches thick if ten (10) feet in height, and four (4) inches thick if ten (10) to fifteen (15) feet in height, and at least six (6) inches when fifteen (15) to twenty (20) feet in height. All such 62453 walls shall be carried on foundations in accordance with Section Forty-eight of this ordinance, and of sufficient strength for the weight imposed; however, when the length of such wall exceeds fifty (50) feet, they shall each be sufficiently strengthened by cross walls, piers, buttresses or metal frame work properly protected as may be necessary in the judgment of the building commissioner. Clause Six. All openings over three (3) feet in width in hollow tile walls, shall have lintels composed of steel, reinforced concrete or reinforced tile of sufficient strength to carry the load imposed. Clause Seven. When the floor or roof load is applied to said bearing or exterior walls in concentration of two tons or more at one place, solid pier of brick, reinforced concrete or concrete filled tile shall be used under each concentration. Each of said piers to be not less than twice the thickness of the walls of which it is a part, and no pier shall be loaded in excess of eighty (80) pounds per square inch of its area. Whenever floor slabs or joists rest on a hollow terra cotta wall, the course upon which the joists or slabs rest, shall be so constructed that no joist, timber or other material whatsoever shall bear or transmit a load to the wall without having a first quality of hard brick, or terra cotta or concrete bearing plate under the same at the point where the load is transmitted. And further provided, that in no case shall the area of the block to which the load is transmitted be less than double the area of the beam of timber or other material transmitting the load. Clause Eight. All walls, hereinbefore referred to in the preceding sections of this ordinance, shall be constructed in the following manner: The blocks shall be set only in Portland cement mortar composed of not less than one part Portland cement to three parts clean, sharp river sand. This mortar may be tempered with one part lime paste to eight (8) parts of a mortar. Tile blocks shall be thoroughly bonded, one to another, both vertically and longitudinally, and all joints ,filled with mortar, and when tiles are set in the wall, the: vertical web of one shall occur as nearly ad practicable directly over the vertical web of the adjacent tile below. The blocks may be built with voids horizontal and with mortar joints between all blocks, or they may be built with voids vertical, provided all horizontal bearings or joints are reinforced with metal fabric of from one-eighth (1/s) to one-half (1/) inch mesh, capable of holding the mortar. This fabric shall be one-half (1/) inch less in width than the width of the wall of the course upon which it is applied and shall be double lapped at all corners. Such web shall be spread on each horizontal course of tile before the mortar is put on, and shall be completely covered with and 62454 imbedded in Portland cement mortar as the course of blocks upon it is being laid. No cutting of blocks will be allowed to admit pipes in bearing walls when pipes extend more than one-third (1-3) of the story in height. The metal fabric hereinbefore specified may be omitted in nonbearing or curtain walls, or when the tile is laid in bearing walls with the voids horizontal. In all parts of the city, within the fire limits, no interior joists or woodwork shall be within four (4) inches of the outside of the exterior of the wall. Wall to Be Plastered Back of Wainscoating. Section Seventysix. When wood wainscoating is used in any building of three (3) or more stories in height, hereafter erected or altered, to be used as an office building, or hotel, tenement, apartment or lodging house, the surface of the wall or partition behind such wainscoating shall be plastered down the floor line, unless said wainscoating is placed against a brick, stone or tile wall or partition. or Plaster Covered Ceilings and Partitions. Third and Fourth Class Buildings. Section Seventy-seven. The ceiling over every cellar or basement of buildings of the Third or Fourth Class exceeding two stories in height, hereafter erected or altered, shall be covered with sheet steel, or shall be lathed with wire or metal lath and plastered thereon with two coats of brown mortar of good material, not less than one-half inch in thickness. In every building, exceeding one story in height, except buildings of the First and Second Class; in which the first story is arranged for'a story or for manufacturing purposes, the ceiling and partitions of the basement and first story shall be covered with sheet metal or plastered with not less than two coats of brown mortar, of good material not less than one-half (1/2') inch in thickness on metal or other fireproof lath. Wall to Be Plastering-How Done. Section Seventy-eight. Plastered Back of Wainscoating. When wood wainscoating is used in any building such as is mentioned in the preceding section, the surface of the wall or partition behind such wainscoating shall be plastered down to the floor line, unless said wainscoating is placed against a brick, stone or tile wall or partition. How Cellar or Basement Ceiling to Be Plastered. The ceilings over every cellar or basement of all dwelling, lodging or tenement houses shall be plastered; when more than three stories in height, they shall be lathed with wire or metal lath and plastered thereon with two coats of brown mortar of good materials. Same. Other Ceilings and Partitions. All ceilings and stud partitions of all dwellings, lodging and tenement houses, and furred walls of the same, when plastered with lime, mortar on wood lath, M]etal 62455 must have not less than one-half inch key, leaving space between ends of lath. For three-coat or scratch-coat work to have at least seven-eighths inch grounds or jambs, mortar to be mixed as follows: First of scratch coat to be mixed or tempered one part of thoroughly slaked lime to two and one-half parts of sand and one-half part of hair, to be applied with sufficient pressure to insure a good rivet or clinch on upper side of lath, to be scratched thoroughly to make key to retain second coat. First coat to be thoroughly dry before applying; second coat or brown mortar, for three-coat or scratch work to be mixed with one part of slaked lime to fours parts of sharp sand, with little hair. Lime mortar for brick or tile work to be mixed with one part lime to five sand. For Two Coats of Laid Off Work. First coat to be mixed the same as in three-coat work. Brown mortar or second coat to be mixed or tempered one part of lime to six parts of sand. Grounds should not be less than one-half inch. For white coating with lime mortar, lime should be well slaked and put through a fine screen or sieve. To mix thoroughly before applying use two parts of lime to one-half part of plaster of paris. For cornice work equal parts of lime and plaster of paris should be used. All lime should be slaked at least ten days before using. All plastering: must be done straight and square to the floor line; also all plastering made .flush and solid to all frames and to be straight and regular to all moldings and casings. When patent plasters are used, such as Acme, Climax, Royal, Laramie, X. L. All and other standard cement plaster: For three-coat work, lath to be spaced not less than three-eighths inch key, joints to be broken every fifth lath, leaving space between ends of lath. First coat: To each measure of fibered cement plaster add two measures of clean, sharp sand, mixed thoroughly and uniformly, and add sufficient water to temper to proper consistency. 1Mortar to be applied promptly with sufficient pressure to form a good rivet or clinch on upper side of lath. First coat to be thoroughly scratched to make a key to retain second coat. Second coat to be applied when first coat is two-thirds dry, and to each measure of fibered cement plaster add two measures of clean, sharp sand, mixed thoroughly and uniformly, and add sufficient water to temper to a stiff mortar. Mortar to be appliea promptly with sufficient pressure when half dry to apply finishing coat. Finish coat for smooth finish. Unfibered cement plaster with sufficient water to temper to a proper consistency, troweled down with the least water possible 62456 and brushed with a perfectly dry brush. Second-Coat Work. ,Grounds to be not less than one-half inch. Lath to be spaced not less than three-eighths inch key. Joints to be broken every fifth lath, leaving space between ends of lath. First Coat. To each measure of fibered cement plaster, add two measures of clean, sharp sand, mixed thoroughly and uniformly. Add sufficient water to temper to proper consistency. Mortar to be applied at once, with coat sufficient to make walls flush with grounds. Apply finishing coat when first coat is half dry. Least Thickness for Wooden Beams. Section Seventy-nine. If wooden floor beams are used in any building hereafter erected other than a building of the Fourth Class, which are of a less thickness than two inches, except in dwelling houses not exceeding fifteen (15.) feet wide, the building commissioner may require the beams to be spaced in a way to adequately insure the safety of the building. i Wooden Beams in Party Walls. Section Eighty. All wooden beams and other timber entering party or division walls of buildings shall be separated from the beams or timbers entering in the opposite side of the wall by at least four (4) inches of solid masonry. Ends of Beams to Be Beveled. Section Eighty-one. The ends of all wooden floor and roof beams, where they rest on brick walls, shall be cut to a bevel of one inch in five (5) inches. Bridging. Section Eighty-two. All floor joists shall be properly bridged with cross bridgings. In no case shall the rows of bridging be more than eight (8) feet apart. Anchoring Walls to Joists, Girders or Beams. Section Eightythree. In all buildings of the First, Second and Third Class, the floor joists, girders, beams and roof framing, whether of wood, iron or steel, shall be anchored to walls in a good and substantial manner, such anchors to be placed not more than eight (8) feet apart, and built into the masonry walls. The form and construction of said anchors shall be optional with the owner or owners of the building or buildings, but in no case shall they be so constructed or placed as to cause any strain on the masonry walls, in case of giving way of the floor or roof construction caused by fire or otherwise. The anchors must in all cases be self-releasing, and secured to the joists, girders .and beams, whether of wood, iron or steel, at or near the lower edge. The size of such anchors must in all cases be in proportion to the joist, girder or beams, but in no case of less strength than a bar of iron one and one-quarter ( 1 /) inch by one-quarter (1/4) inch. When joists, girders, beams abut or lap over a girder, they shall be secured to each other by nailing, or by means of strap anchors made of iron or steel not less than one and one-i 62457 quarter inch by one-quarter inch, and securely nailed to joists, girders or beams when of wood; and bolted or riveted when made of iron or steel. In all cases the system of wall anchors and anchors where joists, girders or beams abut or join shall be so arranged as to secure a continuous tie from wall to wall. Where joists, girders or beams are parallel with the walls, suitable anchorage to walls shall be provided, but in no case shall such anchorage be nearer than four (4) feet to the center of such joists, girder or beam. Beams and Wood Work Near Flues. Section Eighty-four. All wooden beams shall be trimmed away from all flues, whether the same be for smoke, air or any other use. The trimmer beams shall be at least nine inches from the inside face of the flue: in a straight line, but in no case shall wooden beams be built into any chimney breast, and the header beams shall be at least two inches from the outside face of the chimney breast. No wooden furring or wooden la.thing shall be placed against or across any chimney breast. Trimmer and Header Beams. Section Eighty-five. The trimmer and header beams shall be at least double the thickness of the floor or roof beams, or shall be made of two beams forming such thickness, properly spiked or bolted. .When the header is more than fifteen feet in length (or where, the header is framed to the trimmer beams more than five feet from the bearing and thereof) wrought iron flitch plates of proper thickness and depth shall be placed between the wooden beams, and all properly bolted together through the iron plates; or steel beams of sufficient strength may be used in place of flitch plate beams. Bearing of Wooden Beams. Section Eighty-six. Every beam, except header and tailbeams, shall rest not less than four (4) inches on the wall, or upon a girder. Stirrup Irons. Section Eighty-seven. Every wooden header more than eight (8) feet long used in any building shall be hung in stirrup irons of suitable strength for the size of the timber. Cutting Beams for Pipes. Section Eighty-eight. No gas, water, or other pip.es or conduits which may be introduced into any building shall be let into the beams unless the same be placed within thirty-six (36) inches of a wall or supporting partition. In no case shall the said pipes be let into the beams more than.two (2) inches in depth and in no case in the lower half of beam. Wooden Stud Partitions and Wall Furring. Section Eighty-nine. No partition of wooden studs or scantling, or wooden wall furrings, shall be employed in the basement or cellar of any building, hereafter erected or altered, to be used as a hotel, lodging, apartment or tenement house, or office building, or mercantile or manufactur- 62458 ing building, of four (4) or more stories in height; nor shall any wooden or stud partitions be used for the support of floors in any such building, hereafter erected, altered, or converted to the use aforesaid. Nor shall any wooden partition or partitions of wooden studs be hereafter permitted to be erected between tenements to be occupied by separate tenants, but all tenement houses two stories or more high, when buildings of the Third Class, which accommodate four or niore families, shall have division walls of solid masonry of the thickness required by Section Fifty-six, extending from the foundation to the roof, between each set of apartments and the parapet wall thereon, as required by Section Seventy-four; provided, however, in case of tenements accommodating four or more families where there is a store, or stores, in the first story of the tenement, a masonry dividing wall between the apartment may begin at the second story floor line if such dividing wall is supported on fireproof steel or iron beams carried by masonry; and in all other cases of partitions erected between tenements to be occupied by separate tenants, such partitions shall be of approved fireproof materials; nor shall any wooden partition or partitions of wooden studs be hereafter erected between stores or place of business to be occupied by separate tenants, but such partitions shall be either brick; stone, concrete, hollow tile, or steel studs, covered with metal lath and well covered with cement plaster forming a solid plaster partition of not less than two and one-half inches in thickness. Fire Stops in Wooden Stud Partitions and Wall Furring. Section Ninety. Every stud partition in every building of three (3) or more stories in height, hereafter erected or altered, to be used as an office building, or a hotel, tenement, apartment or lodging house, shall have a solid continuous shoe and cap not less than two (2) inches thick, the full width of such partition, effectually closing all spaces between the studs of such partitions and the spaces between the floor joist below or above such partition; or where stud partitions in such buildings extend down to a partition cap. or a girder or plate below the floor, then the space between the studs shall be filled solid to two (2) inches above the floor with approved fireproof materials, so as to effectually stop the passage of fire from the spaces between the studs to the spaces between the joists. Where brick walls of such buildings are furred with wooden furring, the brick work between the joists in each tier of floor beams shall project, the full thickness of such furring. All slots or chases in the walls of such buildings or spaces between studs shall be solidly stopped with fireproof materials at every floor. Where pipes or ducts or wires pass through the fire stops herein required they shall be surrounded at such places by mortar or metal or 62459 other approved fireproof materials, in such a manner as to effectually stop the passage of fire. Reinforced Concrete. Definitions. Section Ninety-one. Concrete is an artificial stone resulting from a mixture of Portland cement, water and an aggregate. Reinforced concrete is a concrete in which steel is embodied in such manner that the two act in unison in resisting stresses due to external loading. Portland cement shall be as defined in the Standard Specifications, adopted on June fourteenth, Nineteen hundred four, by the Anerican Society for Testing Materials. Aggregates. An aggregate, as herein used, means one or more of the following materials: sand, broken stone, or gravel. Aggregates are. divided into two classes: Fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. A fine aggregate shall include all aggregates passing a number eight sieve. A coarse aggregate shall include all aggregates passing a one-inch ring and retained on a number eight sieve. Fine aggregates may contain not more than five (5) per cent, by weight, of clay, but no other impurities. Coarse aggregates shall contain no impurities. Quality of Materials. Reinforced Concrete. Section Ninety-two. Portland Cement. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements of the specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials adopted June fourteenth, Nineteen hundred four, with all subsequent amendments thereto. Sand shall be equal in quality to the Mississippi River sand. Broken stone shall be either limestone, chatts, or granite, or some other stone equal to one of these, in the opinion of the building commissioner. Strength of Concrete. Concrete shall have an ultimate strength in compression in twenty-eight (28) days of not less than two thousand (2,000) pounds per square inch. Physical Properties of Steel. Properties Medium Steel Considered Plain Deformed Plain Deformed Bars Bars Bars Bars Phosphorus, maximum, .10 .10 .10 .10 Bessemer ................ Open-hearth ............ .06 Ultimate tensile strength, pounds per sq. in. 55/70,000 Yield point, minimum, 33,000 pounds per sq. in. / .06 55/10,000 33,000 .06 .06 80,000 min. 80,000 min. 50,000 50,000 62460 Elongation, per cent in 8", minimum......... 1,400,000 1,250,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 T. S. T. S. T. S T. S. Cold bend without fracture: Bars under 3/4" in diameter or thickness ................. .................. 180 0d.-=lt. 180°d.=lt. 180 0 °d.=3t. 180 0 d.=4t. Bars 3/4" in diam- eter or thickness and over ........................ 180 0 d.--lt. 180 0d.=2t. 900 d.=--3t. 90 0d.=--4t. Test Specimens of Steel. Tests shall be made on specimens taken from the finished bar, and certified copies of test reports shall be furnished the building commissioner at his request. Bending Tests. Bending tests shall be made by pressure. Finished Steel. Finished materials shall be free from seams, flaws, cracks, defective edges, or other defects, and have a smooth, uniform and workmanlike finish, and shall be free from irregularities of all kinds. General Requirements. Reinforced Concrete. Drawings. Section Ninety-three. All reinforced concrete work shall be built in accordance with approved detailed working drawings. These drawings and calculation sheets shall be submitted to the building commissioner for approval, and no work shall be commenced until the drawings shall have been approved by him. Condition of Surface of Steel. The steel used for reinforcing concrete shall have no paint upon it, but shall present only a clean or slightly rusted surface to the concrete. All dirt, mud and other foreign matter shall be removed. Cleaning Steel. If the steel has more than a thin film of rust upon its surface it shall be cleaned before placing in the work. Proportion of Concrete. The solid ingredients of the concrete shall be mixed by volume in one of the following proportions: (a) Not more than three (3) parts fine aggregate to one of cement. (b) Not more than two (2) parts of fine aggregate and four (4) parts of coarse aggregate to one of cement; but in all cases the fine aggregate shall be fifty (50) per cent of the coarse aggregate. Unit Measure of Cement. In proportioning naterials for concrete, one bag containing not less than ninety-three (93) pounds of cement, shall be considered one cubic foot. Mixing Concrete. The ingredients of the concrete shall be so 62461 thoroughly mixed that the cement shall be uniformly distributed throughout the mass and that the resulting concrete will be homogeneous. Wetness and Placing of Concrete. The concrete shall be mixed as wet as possible without causing a separation of the cement from the mixture, and shall be deposited in the work in such manner as not to cause the separation of mortar from coarse aggregate. Placing Concrete. Concrete shall be placed in the forms as soon as practicable after mixing, and in no case shall concrete be used if more than one hour has elapsed since the addition of its water. It shall be deposited in horizontal layers not exceeding eight inches in thickness and thoroughly tamped with tampers of such form and material as the circumstances require. Placing Steel. All reinforcing steel bars shall be wired and secured in place in such a manner, that when concrete is placed in the forms, all bars shall be in the exact position indicated on the drawings. Before any concrete is placed in the forms, the contractor shall notify the building commissioner that the steel work is ready for inspection. Location of Joints. Before the placing of concrete is suspended, the joint to be formed shall be in such place and shall be made in such manner as will not injure the strength of the completed structure. Joining Old and New Work. Whenever fresh concrete joins concrete that has set, the surface of the old concrete shall be roughened, cleaned and thoroughly slushed with a grout of neat cement and water. Freezing Weather. No work shall be done in freezing weather, except when the influence of frost is entirely excluded. In the months of November, December, January and February, the progress of the work shall not exceed one story in twenty-one (21) days, if reinforced concrete columns are used in supporting such floors. Protection of Structural Parts. Until sufficient hardening of the concrete has occurred, the structural parts shall be protected against the effects of freezing, as well as against vibrations and loads. Protection of Concrete from Drying. When the concrete is exposed to a hot or dry atmosphere, special precautions shall be taken to prevent premature drying by keeping it moist for a preiod of at least twenty-four (24) hours after it has taken its initial set. This shall be done by a covering of wet sand, cinders, burlap, or by continuous sprinkling, or by some other method equally effective, in the opinion of the building commissioner. 62462 Removal of Forms During Warmn Weather. If during the hardening period the temperature is continually above seventy (70) degrees Fahrenheit, the side forms of concrete beams and the forms of floor slabs up to spans of eight feet shall not be removed before four days. The remaining forms and supports not before ten days from the completion of tamping. Removal of Forms During Cold Weather. If during the hardening period the temperature falls below seventy (70) degrees Fahrenheit, the side forms of concrete beams and the forms of floor slabs up to spans of eight (8) feet shall not be removed before seven (7) days; the remaining forms and the supports not before fourteen (14) days from the completion of tamping. But, if, during the hardening period, the temperature falls below thirty-five (35) degrees Fahrenheit, the time for hardening shall be extended by the time during which the temperature was below thirty-five (35) degrees Fahrenheit. Forms. Forms for concrete shall be sufficiently substantial to preserve their accurate shape until the concrete has set, and shall be sufficiently tight so as not to permit any part of the concrete to leak out through cracks or holes. The wedges at the bottom of the columns, and in other places, shall be nailed in place, and the forms must be rigid in every respect. Cleaning Forms. Before placing the concrete, the inside of the forms shall be thoroughly cleaned of all dirt and rubbish. The forms of all ,beams, girders and columns being constructed with a temporary opening in the bottom for this purpose. Loading Tests. If loading tests are considered necessary by building commissioner, they shall be made in accordance with his instructions. The test load shall be equal to twice the live load plus a load equal to the dead load. Tests of Materials. All tests of material herein required shall be made by testing laboratories of recognized standing, and certifled copies of such test reports shall be filed with the building commissioner. Design.-Reinforced Concrete. Weight of Concrete. Section Ninety-four. The weight of concrete including the reinforcement shall be taken at one hundred and fifty (150) pounds per cubic foot. Weights of Materials. Besides the above, in calculating the dead loads, the weights of the different materials shall be assumed as given in Table Number One. Table Number One. Weights of Building Materials, etc., in pounds per cubic foot. Material. Weight. Paving Brick ........... ............................................... ...... 150 62463 Building Brick..... .................................. 120 Granite ....................................................... ...... 170 Ma rb le ....................................................... 170 Limestone ............................ ........... ............................... 160 S a nd ston e ...................................................... 145 Slag .......................................................... 140 140........ Gravel ............................................... 120 Slate ................................................ 175 S an d .......................................................... 110 Mortar .............................................. 100 S tone C oncrete ................................................. 150 Cinder Concrete ............................................. 90 Plaster ........................................................ 140 Glass ................................................ 160 Snow ........................................ ........ ................ ....... 40 Spruce ............................................... 25 H emlock ........................................ 25 White Pine........................................... 25 30 Oregon Fir ............................................ Yellow Pine.................................................................... 40 ......................... ....... 50 Oak ........................................ 450 Cast Iron ............................................ 480 Wrought Iron ............................................................... .................... 4 90 S tee l ......................................................... Paving A sphaltum ............................................................ 100 Designing Loads. The following table gives the uniformly distributed loads for which structural members shall be desiged when their dead loads are as given in the first column "A": Table Number Two. Dead Load in Pounds Minimum Designing Load. Per Square Foot. No. 1 No.2 No. 3 No.4 No.5 No. 6 112 136 176 256 40 pounds or less....... .......... 96 64 258 178 114 138 98 66 45 pbunds or less.................. 260 140 180 68 100 50 pounds or less................ 116 262 142 182 102 118 70 55 pounds or less-........... 264 144 184 104 72 60 pounds or less ................. 120 266 186 122 146 106 65 pounds or less ............ 74 148 188 268 108 124 70 pounds or less ............ 76 190 270 126 150 80 110 75 pounds or less................. 272 192 152 112 128 85 80 pounds or less ............. 154 194 274 114 130 85 pounds or less ............ 90 116 132 156 196 276 .90' pounds or less ............ 95 !195 poAinds or less............. 1.... 118 00 134 158 198 278 62464 100 pounds or less................... 105 120 136 160 200 280 105 pounds or less.................. 110 125 138 162 202 282 110 pounds or less.............. 115 130 140 164 204 284 115 pounds or less................... 120 135 142 166 206 286 120 pounds or less................. 125 140 144 168 208 288 125 pounds or less................. 130 145 149 170 210 290 130 pounds or less.............. 135 150 154 172 212 292 135 pounds or less.................. 140 155 159 174 214 294 140 pounds or less.............. 145 160 164 176 216 296 145 pounds or less.................. 155 165 169 178 218 298 150 pounds or more............... 174 155 170 180 220 300 Column Number One is based on a-live load of thirty pounds per square foot. Column Number Two is based on a live load of fifty pounds per square foot. Column Number Three is based on a live load of sixty pounds per square foot. Column Number Four is based on a live load of seventy-five pounds per square foot. Column Number Five is based on a live load of one hundred pounds per square foot. Column Number Six is based on a live load of one hundred and fifty pounds per square foot. It shall be permissible to design reinforced concrete construction for a greater live load in accordance with the following formula: (Live Load x 4) + Dead Load =- Designing Load. 21/2 Roofs. For flat roofs use column one of table number two. Dwellings, Etc. The live loads on floors for dwellings, apartment houses, dormitories, hospitals and hotels, shall be given in column two of table number two. Offices. For offices above the first floor, use column three, table number two. School Rooms, Etc. For schoolrooms, churches, theatre, galleries, use column four, of table number two. Stores, Etc. For ground floors of office buildings, corridors and stairs in public buildings, ordinary stores, light manufacturing establishments, stables and garages, use column five, of table number two. Assembly Rooms, Etc. For assembly rooms, hall rooms, gymnasiums, or any room likely to be used for dancing or drilling, use column six, table number two. Sidewalks. For sidewalks, three hundred (300) pounds per square 62465 foot. Warehouses, Etc. For warehouses, stores, factories, and commercial buildings, special according to service, but not less than column six, of table number two. Columns. For columns, the specified uniform live loads per square foot shall be used with a minimum of twenty thousand (20,000) pounds per column. Reduction on Columns. For columns carrying more than five floors, the live loads may be reduced, as follows: For columns supporting the roof and top floor, no reduction. For columns supporting each succeeding floor, a reduction of five (5) per cent of the total live load may be made until fifty (50) per cent is reached which reduced load shall be used for the columns supporting all remaining floors. Exceptions to Reductions on Columns. This reduction is not to apply to live load on columns of warehouses and similar buildings, which are likely to be fully loaded on all floors at the same time. Theory of Stresses. The method used in computing the stresses shall be such that the resultant unit stresses shall not exceed the prescribed unit stresses as computed on the following assumptions: (One.) That a plane section normal to the neutral axis remains such during flexure, from which it follows that the deformation in any fibre is directly proportionate to the distance of that fibre from the neutral axis. (Two.) That the modulus of elasticity remains constant within the limits of the working stresses fixed in these regulations and is, as follows: Steel, thirty million pounds per square inch. Concrete, two million pounds per square inch. (Three.) That concrete does not take tension, except that in floor slabs, secondary tension induced by internal shearing stresses may be assumed to exist. Unit Stresses. Section Ninety-five. The allowable unit stresses under a working load shall not exceed the following: Concrete. Direct compression, five hundred (500) pounds per square inch, except in spiral hooped columns. Direct compression in spiral columns, eight hundred (800) pounds per square inch. Cross bending, eight hundred (800) pounds per square inch. Direct shearing, one hundred and fifty (150) pounds per square inch. Shearing where secondary tension is allowed, thirty-five (35) pounds per square inch. Steel. Tension, medium steel, sixteen thousand (16,000) pounds 62466 per square inch. Tension, high elastic limit steel, twenty thousand (20,000) pounds per square inch. Compression in Steel. The compression in steel shall be computed from the corresponding compression in the concrete, except for hooped columns. Bonding Stress, Plain Bars. The bonding stress between steel and concrete under working load shall not exceed sixty-five (65) pounds per superficial square inch of contact. Bonding Stress, Other Than Plain Bars. }or bars of such shape throughout their length that their efficiency of bond does not depend upon the adhesion of concrete to steel, the allowable bonding stress under working load shall be determined as follows: The bars shall be imbedded not less than six (6) inches in concrete as herein defined and the force required to pull out the bar shall be ascertained. At least five such tests shall be made for each size of bar and an affidavit report of the test shall be submitted to the building commissioner, who shall then fix one-sixth (1/6) of the average stress thus ascertained at failure as the allowable working stress. Reinforced Concrete Columns. VMaximum Column Length. Section Ninety-six. The unsupported length of a column shall not exceed fifteen times its least lateral dimension. This does not apply in case of flat slab construction. Combined Flexure and Compression. In a column subjected to combined direct compression and flexure, the extreme fibre stress resulting from the combined actions shall not exceed the unit stress prescribed for direct compression. Reinforcement in Columns. All columns shall have longitudinal steel members so arranged as to make the column capable of resisting flexure. These longitudinal members shall be stayed against buckling at points whose distance apart does not exceed twenty times the least lateral dimension of-the longitudinal member, but in no case shall the maximum spacing exceed the diameter of the column. The combined area of cross section of these longitudinal members shall not be less than three-fourths (3/4) of one per cent of the area of the concrete used in proportioning the column, and the of seven thirty-secondths stays shall have a minimum (7/32) of an inch. Hooped Columns. If a concrete column is hooped with steel near its outer surface, either in the shape of circular hoops or of a helical cylinder, and if the minimum distance apart of the hoops, or the pitch of the helix does not exceed three inches, then the strength of such a column may be assumed to be the sum of the following three 'diameter 62467 elements. One. The compressive resistance of the concrete when stressed not to exceed eight hundred (800) pounds per square inch for the concrete, enclosed by the hooping, the remainder being neglected. Two. The compressive resistance of the longitudinal steel reinforcement shall not exceed twelve thousand (12,000) pounds per square inch. Three. The compressive resistance which would have been produced by imaginary longitudinals stressed the same as the actual longitudinals; the volume of the imaginary longitudinals being taken at two and four-tenths (2.4) times the columns of the hooping. In computing the volume of the hooping it shall be assumed that the section of the hooping throughout is the same as its least section. If the hooping is spliced the splice shall develop the full strength of the least section of the hooping. Semi-Hooped Columns. In hooped columns where the pitch of the spiral is more than three inches, the following minimum unit stresses shall not be exceeded: On the concrete five hundred (500) pounds per square inch; on the vertical steel seven thousand and five hundred (7,500) pounds per square inch, and on the spiral a stress equal to that given in the previous requirements for hooped columns. But if the pitch of the spiral exceeds six (6) inches, the column shall be proportioned as required for ordinary reinforced concrete columns, and the strength of the spiral shall be disregarded. M1Vinimum Covering of Steel. Section Ninety-seven. The minimum covering of concrete over any portion of the reinforcing steel shall be, as follows: For flat slabs not less than one inch. For beams, girders, ribs, etc., not less than one and one-half (11/2) inches. For columns not less than two inches. In computing the strength of columns, other than hooped columns, the outside, one inch around the entire column, shall be neglected. Reinforced Concrete Girders, Beams and Slabs, Moment Coefficients. Section Ninety-eight. For girders, beams and slabs, the following formulae may be used in bending moment calculations: In which, W equals the total load per square foot. L equals the distance, center to center, of supports. Non-continuous beams, slabs, etc: WL2 8 Beams, slabs, etc., continuous over one support WL 2 10 62468 Beams, slabs, etc., continuous over two or more supports: WL2 12 ' I / Beams, slabs, etc., continuous over supports shall be reinforced to take the full negative bending moment over the supports. Minimum Spacing of Steel, The minimum distance, center to center of reinforcing steel members shall not be less than the maximum diameter or diagonal dimensions of cross section plus two inches. T-Beams. In designing T-beams, the width of floor slab, which nay be assumed to act as compression flange of the beam, shall not exceed the thickness of the beam plus six times the thickness of the slab, but in no case shall it exceed the distance, center to center, of beams. Temperature Reinforcement. Section Ninety-nine. Floor and roof slabs, retaining walls and concrete partitions, shall have steel reinforcement of sufficient size, placed at right angles to regular reinforcement. Splicing Steel. -Section One Hundred. If it is necessary to splice steel reinforcing members, either in compression or tension, the splice shall be either a steel splice that in tension will develop the full strength of the member, or else the members shall be lapped in the concrete for a length equal to at least the following: For plain bars, forty (40) times the diameter or maximum diagonal of cross section. For other than plain bars, the length of lap shall be in inverse ratio of the allowed bonding stresses as herein required. In no case, however, shall the steel reinforcement in the bottom of a beam or girder be lap-spliced. Rules Governing Flat Slab Designs. (a) Definition. Section One Hundred One. Flat slab construction is understood to consist of reinforced concrete slabs, supported on reinforced concrete columns, without the use of supporting beams. The column cap is spread out and in some cases carries a reinforced concrete plate. The slab may be recessed to form panels. (b) Method of Calculation. For the purpose of calculation, a floor panel shall be divided into strips. Each strip to be designated by a number, as follows: The shortest span between the columns shall be strip number one. The one at right angles to this strip, spanning from column to column, shall be strip number two. If a four-way system is used, the diagonal sets of rods shall be strip number three. In a twoway system the rods supporting the remaining central rectangle of the panel shall be strip number three. Strip number one and number two shall carry a uniformly distributed live and dead load on a width of 0.4x0.9 the average span of the panel; each strip number 62469 three shall support a distributed load each way equal to one-half the live and dead load, on the remaining rectangle in the center of the panel. This rectangle shall, for the purpose of calculation, be assumed to measure 0.6x0.6 the average span. A copy of the computations of floor and roof panels and columns shall be left with the accompanying drawings at the building commissioner's office. (c). Bending Moments for Two-Way Reinforcement. Continuous Panels.W = total live and dead load per square foot. L1 = span centre to centre of columns, short way. L2 = span centre to centre of column, long way. L, = span equal to side of equivalent square. The positive bending moment of strip number one and number two shall be:W x .36 x L8 24 The positive bending moment for each strip number three shall be: W x .36 x L 48 The negative bending moment over the column cap shall be, for strip number one and number two: W x .36 x L3 12 and for strip number three: W x .36 x L3 48 Wall panels continuous on One Side. The positive bending moments for strips number one and number two shall be: W x .36 x L3 20 and for strip number three: = W x .36 x L3 40 Wall Panels Non-continuous. The bending moments for strip number one and number two shall be: W x .36 x L 16 62470 and for strip number three, shall be: W x .36 x L| 32 (d) Bending Moments for Four-Way System. W --- total live and dead load per square foot. Li = span centre to centre of columns, short way. L2 = span centre to centre of columns, long way. L 3 - span equal to side of equivalent square. Continuous Panels. The positive bending moments of strips number one and number two shall be: 3 W x .36 x L 36 and for strips number three, shall be: W x .36 x Lj 36 The negative bending moment over the column cap shall be, for strips number one and number two: W x .36 x L3 18 and for strips number three: W x .36 x Lj 36 Wall Panels Continuous on One Side. The positive bending moment for strips number one and number two, shall be: W x .36 x L3 30 and for strip number three, shall be: W x .36 x L 30 Wall Panels Non-Continuous. The bending moment shall be for strips number one and number two: W x .36 x L3 24 and for strip number three shall be: W x .36 xL( 24 62471 (e) Unit Stresses. Above the column or cap a punching shear of one hundred (100) pounds per square inch along the perimeter shall not be exceeded, and at the edge of the drop panel, this shear shall not exceed fifty (50) pounds per square inch. All other unit stresses shall comply with the requirements of other sections of the reinforced concrete ordinance. (f) Size of Columns. The diameter of columns in flat slab designs shall be calculated in compliance with the requirements of other sections of this ordinance, but the least diameter shall not be less than one-fifteenth (1/15) of the average span of the floor or roof panels, and in no case shall the diameter of the column be less than one-twelfth (1/12) the clear column height. (g) Column Cap. The column cap must be so designed that the permissible compressive, punching and shearing stresses are not exceeded at any point. (h) Drop Panel Over Column. The thickness and the size of the drop panel shall be such that the permissible fibre stresses due to punching, shearing and the negative bending moment are not exceeded. (i) Wiring and Placing Steel Rods. All rods shall be wired in place in the exact position shown on the approved drawings, but in no case shall rods be spaced more than twelve (12) inches, centre to centre. If splices are made, they shall be placed in all cases above the column caps and the length'of the lap shall be at least 3'-0" beyond the centre of the columns, but where it is desired to use such splices as additional negative reinforcement, the rods shall extend at least .25L beyond the center of the column. (j) Thickness of Slabs. The following formula shall be used in arriving at the minimum slab thickness: T = .025 L VW in which T is thickness of slab. L = the average span of the panel. W = the total live and dead load per square foot. However, the minimum permissible floor thickness shall not be less than one thirty-secondth (1/32) of the average span of a floor panel and one fortieth (1/40) of the average span of a roof panel, but in no case shall any slab be less than six (6) inches thick. (k) Testing. When the concrete is eight (8) weeks old, a test to ascertain the character of the workmanship shall be made by the contractor, when notified to do so by the building commissioner. Such test shall be made on floor panels selected by the building commissioner, and the load shall be equal to twice the live load plus a load equal to the dead load of the floor slab itself. This load shall remain in place for twenty-four (24) hours, and a final deflection read- 62472 ing then taken by the building commissioner. The total deflections in the center of the panel shall not exceed one eight hundredth (1/800) of the average span of the panel. If it is found that this deflection is exceeded, the safe carrying capacity of the floor shall be reduced unless it is found that such floor recovers at least eighty (80) per cent of the total deflection after eight (8) days. (1) Finally. This part of the ordinance shall govern only flat slab construction as defined heretofore, and shall not apply to other types of reinforced concrete design, or take precedent over the reinforced concrete ordinance, except in flat slab designs. Unit stresses and other requirements not mentioned in the foregoing section shall comply with the general requirements of the reinforced concrete ordinance. Ground Test. Section One Hundred Two. The Building Commissioner may require any applicant for a permit to ascertain, by boring or other test, the nature of the ground upon which he proposes to build. The Building Commissioner may require borings to be made necessary to a depth below the bottom of the lowest footing and in as many places as may be necessary to discover the composition and condition of the soil. The building commissioner may require tests to be made on the bottoms of excavations for footings and foundations, to determine the actual lad necessary to produce settlement, and the amount of load imposed thereon shall be based upon data thus derived. Loads to be Carried by the Soil. Section One Hundred Three. The load carried by the soil shall be the total dead load and an average live load of not less than ten (10) pounds per square foot of all the floor area of the building, when used as an office building, lodging or tenement house, and an average live load of not less than twenty (20) pounds per square foot of all the floor area, where such building is used for mercantile purposes; and an average load of not less than fifty per cent of the total live load, where such building is used as a warehouse. Good solid, natural clay shall be deemed to safely sustain a load of not more than two and one-half (21/2) tons to the superficial foot unless satisfactory tests are made as noted in Section 107. The area of footing courses shall be sufficient to meet this requirement. Loads on Floors and Roofs. Section One Hundred Four. The minimum live loads which the floors of buildings shall be capable of supporting, when uniformly loaded over their entire surface, shall be: For stores, factories, commercial buildings and warehouses, one hundred and fifty (150) pounds per square foot; for office buildings, on all floors above the first, sixty (60) pounds per square foot; for office buildings on the first floor, stairs, corridors, 62473 public halls, main floors of theaters, buildings used for light manufacturing, stables and garages, one hundred (100) pounds per square foot; for churches, schools and galleries of theatres, seventy-five (75) pounds per square foot; for dwellings, hospitals, hotels, lodging, apartment and tenement houses, fifty (50) pounds per square foot. For all flat roofs, thirty (30) pounds per square foot;, for live loads on reinforced concrete floor construction.use table number two, section ninety-four. When the purpose for which any building shall be used subjects its floors to greater loads than those given above, then such biilding shall be so constructed as to safely support such loads, with the factor of safety prescribed in this ordinance for the materials of its construction. Definition of "Live" and "Dead" Loads. Section One Hundred Five. Live loads are here taken to mean loads that are movable' and transient, and that are not a part of the building, as distinguished from dead loads, which are here taken to mean the fixed and component parts of the building. Loads on Floors to be Safely Distributed. Section One Hundred Six. The weights placed on any floor in any building shall be safely distributed thereon. The building commissioner may require the owner or occupant of any building, or portion thereof, to re-distribute the load on any floor or to lighten such load where he may deem the same to be necessary for the protection of life and property. No person shall place, or cause or permit to be placed, on any floor of any building any greater load than the safe load thereof, and the building commissioner may require the safe load to be estimated and ascertained as provided in Section One Hundred Seven, of this ordinance. Strength of Floors to be Computed. Section One Hundred Seven. In all manufacturing and commercial buildings, where heavy materials are kept or stored, or where heavy machinery is operated, it shall be the duty of the owner or occupant of such building to have the strength of the floors of such building, and their supports, computed by some competent person, who shall estimate the weights which may be safely sustained per square foot of floor in such building, and to reduce such estimate in writing, stating the materials, sizes, distance apart and span of beams and girders, posts or columns supporting each floor in such building, and the correctness of such estimate shall be sworn to by the person making the same, and it shall thereupon be filed in the Division of Building and Inspection. But if the Building Commissioner shall have cause to doubt the correctness of said estimates, he is empowered to revise and correct the same, and for the purpose of such revision the officers and employes of the Division of Building and 62474 Inspection may enter any building during business hours and clear so much of any floor or portion thereof as may be required to make necessary measurements and examinations. Notice to be Posted on Each Floor. Section One Hundred Eight. When the correct estimate of the weight that the floor in any manufacturing or commercial building will safely sustain has been ascertained, as provided in section one hundred and seven, of this ordinance, the building commissioner shall approve the same, and thereupon the owner or occupant of said building, or'any portion thereof, shall post a copy of such approved estimate in a conspicuous place on each story of the building to which it relates. Before any building shall be used or occupied, in whole or in part, for any of the purposes aforesaid, the weight that each floor will °safely sustain upon each superficial floor thereof shall be ascertained and posted as herein specified. Columns. Section One Hundred Nine. All columns in buildings required by this ordinance to be buildings of the first class or columns supporting brick walls in buildings more than four stories in height, shall be of iron or steel and made fireproof by a covering of not less than three (3) inches in thickness, of approved fire-protecting materials. No column of cast iron shall have a less thickness of shell than three-quarters (3/4) of an inch, nor have a length exceeding twenty-two (22) times its least dimension, unless calculated in compliance with section one hundred and thirteen. No column of wrought iron or steel shall have a less thickness of metal than one-quarter (1/4) inch. No column of wood shall have a greater length than thirty times its least dimension; nor shall any column of wood be permissible in the cellar or basement of any building unless it is set on a suitable foundation of concrete, stone, brick, metal, or like material, at least six inches above the basement floor; nor shall any column of wood in any building of more than three (3) stories in height stand upon any bolster or girder of wood but all such columns shall' stand upon metal caps or plates of sufficient size to receive the columns and their loads. Loads on Walls, Piers and Columns. Sectio .One Hundred Ten. The walls, piers and columns of all buildings shall be proportioned to carry the full dead load, and in addition thereto, the full live load on the roof and at least the following percentage of the full live load on the several floors: Eighty-five (85) per cent of the live load on the top floor, eighty (80) per cent of the live load on the next to the top floor, and each succeeding floor below five (5) per cent less than the preceding one, except that not less than fifty (50) per cent of the full live load on any floor shall be used. The above requirements shall apply to basement walls, piers and columns 62475 as well as to other walls, piers and columns. Table of minimum percentages of live loads on floors and roofs to be used in computing the size of their supporting walls, piers and columns. 100% of live load on roof 85% of live load on first floor below roof, or top floor 80% of live load on second floor below roof 75% of live load on third floor below roof fourth floor below roof 70% of live load 65% of live load on fifth floor below roof 60% of live load on sixth floor below roof 55% of live load on seventh floor below roof 50% of live*load on eighth floor below roof 50% of live load on ninth floor below roof "on 50% of live load on tenth floor below roof 50% of live load on eleventh floor below roof 50% of live load on twelfth floor below roof and 50% of the live load on each additionhl floor for walls, piers and columns supporting a greater number of floors than the above. The resultant unit 'stress shall exceed the maximum allowable unit stresses given in section one hundred and thirteen. Loads on Girders. Section One Hundred Eleven. Every girder shall have a calculated capacity to support in addition to the dead loads imposed thereon, at least eighty-five (85) per cent of the live load, and the resulting stress shall not exceed the maximum unit stresses given in section one hundred and thirteen. Loads on Beams. Section One Hundred Twelve. Every beam shall have a calculated capacity to support the full dead and live loads imposed thereon, and the resulting stresses shall not exceed the maximum allowable unit stresses given in section one hundred thirteen. Allowable Unit Stresses and Special Requirements. Section One Hundred Thirteen. Masonry. Allowable stresses in pounds per square inch on plain concrete and stone masonry shall not exceed the following: Pounds Coursed rubble, Portland cement mortar .............. ............... 200 Ordinary rubble, Portland cement mortar .............................. ................. 100 Coursed rubble, lime mortar................................. 120 Ordinary rubble, lime mortar..................... . ............ 60 First class granite masonry, Portland cement mortar ..................... 600 First class lime stone masonry, Portland cement mortar .................. 400 Portland cement concrete, 1-2-4 mixture .......... .......................... 350 Portland cement concrete, 1-2 1/2-5 mixture ............................ 250 62476 Portland cement concrete, 1-3-6 mixture ....................................................... 200 Natural cement concrete, 1-2-5 mixture ................................... .................... 100 Allowable compression in pounds per square inch on brick masonry shall not exceed the following: Pounds Vitrified paving brick, one part Portland cement, three parts sand ............................................................................................... 300 Strictly hard pressed brick, one part Portland cement, three p arts san d ................. .......................................................................................................... 250 Ordinary hard and red brick, one part Portland cement, two parts sand ...................................................................... 200 Ordinary hard and red brick, one part Portland cement, one lim e, three sand .................... ................................................. ............. 175 MI erchantable brick, good lime mortar ................................................................. 100 Vitrified paving brick and strictly hard brick shall not crush at less than -five thousand (5,000) pounds pressure per square inch. Ordinary hard and red brick shall not crush at less than two thousand and three hundred (2,300) pounds pressure per square inch. Merchantable brick shall not crush at less than one thousand and eight hundred (1,800) pounds pressure per square inch. Timber. The maximum allowable stresses in pounds per square inch on actual sections for timber shall be, as follows: Stress and Compression Compression Shear Tension with with across with grain grain grain grain Douglas fir and long leaf yellow pine ......................... 1800 1100 250 150 Oak ................................................. 1800 1000 500 200 Short leaf yellow pine......... 1000 800 250 120 White pine ..........................0...... 800 700 200 80 Hemlock ........................................ 600 500 150 60 The unit stress on timber posts shall comply with the formula: P equals c (1 minus L ) 80 D In which formula: C equals compressive strength of timber with the grain as .given in table. L equals length in inches. D equals least dimension in inches. The maximum length of a timber post shall not exceed thirty (30) times the least dimnension. Quality of Timber. Timber used for building purposes shall be 62477 sound, well manufactured, close grained, free from wind shakes or from dead, loose, decayed, encased or pitchknots, or knots and other defects such as'bled timber, that will. materially impair its strength and durability. Metals. The maximum allowable stresses in pounds per square inch in steel and iron shall not exceed the following: Rolled Cast Wrought Cast Steel Steel Iron Iron Tension on net section................................ 16,000 16,000 12,000 Maximum compression on gross section ........................................ 14,000 14,000 10,000 10,000 Bending on extreme fibre....................... 16,000 16,000 12,000 Bending on extreme fibre tension............. .......... ......... 3,000 Bending on extreme fibre compres.. ............. ............. 10,000 .... ............ sion ........................................................ Bending on extreme fibres of pins... 25,000 Shear; shop driven rivets and pins... 12,000 9,000 Shear; field driven rivets ........................ 12,000 Shear on rolled steel shapes................. Shear plate girder webs, gross section .......................................................... .......... 10,000 Shear on brackets ........................................... ... ............ ............... 2,000 Bearing, shop driven rivets and pins 24,000 Bearing, field rivets..................................... 18,000 The allowable compressive stresses per square inch shall be determined by the following formula: L Steel columns .................. _.._.. ... ...................... 16,000 minus 70H L Wrought Iron columns ................... ................. 12,000 minus 60R L ............ 10,000 minus 60 Cast Iron columns .............. R In the above formula: L equals length in inches. R equals least radius of gyration in inches. In no case shall the allowable compression stress exceed that given in paragraph (a) of this section. For steel columns filled with, and encased in concrete, extending at least three inches beyond the outer edge of the steel, where the steel is calculated to carry the entire live and dead load, the allowable stress per square inch shall be determined by the following 62478 formula: L 18,000 minus 70R but shall not exceed sixteen thousand pounds. For steel columns filled with, but not encased in concrete, the steel shall be calculated to carry the entire live and dead load. In this case the above formula may be used, but the allowable stress shall not exceed fourteen thousand pounds. Stresses due to eccentric loading shall be provided for in all compressive numbers. The unsupported length of rolled steel compressive members shall not exceed one hundred and twenty (120) times the least radius of gyration, but the limiting length of struts for wind bracing only may be two hundred (200) times the least radius of gyration. The limiting length for cast iron columns shall be seventy (70) times the least radius of gyration. Stiresses of Opposite Character. Wherever the live and dead load stresses are of opposite character, only seventy (70) per cent of the dead load stress shall be considered as effective in counteracting the live load stress. Combined Stresses. For stress produced by wind forces combined with those from live and dead load, the unit stress may be increased thirty-five (35) per cent over those given above; but the section shall not be less, than required if wind forces be neglected. Riveted Tension MEembers. (A) In proportioning tension members, the net section shall be used, the diameter of the rivet holes deducted shall be taken one-eighth (z/S) of an inch larger than the nominal diameter of the rivet. (b) In proportioning rivets the nominal diameter of the rivet shall be used. (c) Pin-connected riveted tension members shall have a net section through the pin-hole at least twenty-five (25) per cent in excess of the net section of the body of the member and the net section back of the pin-hole, parallel with the axis of the member, shall not be less than the net section of the body of the member. Plate Girders-Flanges-Compression. (a) Plate girders shall be proportioned either by the moment of inertia of their net section, or by assuming that the flanges are concentrated at their centers of gravity and a unit stress used such that the extreme fibre stress does not exceed sixteen thousand (16,000) pounds per square inch. in which case one-eighth (1/s) of the gross section of the web, if properly spliced, may be used as flange section. (b) The gross section of the compression flanges of plate girders 62479 shall not be less than the gross section of the tension flanges. The lateral unsupported length of girder shall not exceed forty (40) times the width of the compression flange, nor the stress per square inch in the compression flange of any girder whose unsupportable length is more than ten (10) times the width exceeds. L 19,000 minus 300 B. In which formula, L equals unsupported distance and B equals width of flange. (c) The flanges of plate girders shall be connected to the web with a sufficient number of rivets to transfer the total shear at any point in a distance equal to the effective depth of the girder at that point combined with any load that is applied directly to the flanges. (d) Webs of plate girders shall be provided with stiffeneds over all bearings points, under all points of concentrated loading and elsewhere when required by. good engineering practicae. Wind Pressure on Buildings. Section One Hundred and Fourteen. The framework of any building shall be constructed to resist a horizontal wind pressure of thirty (30) pounds per square foot on all exposed surfaces above grade. Where there are buildings immediately adjoining, the wall surface covered by such buildings will be considered as not exposed to wind pressure. The factors of safety to be used in computing the sections required to resist wind pressure shall be such that the unit stresses provided in section one hundred thirteen of this ordinance, shall not be exceeded by more than twenty-four (24) per cent. Stairways--Passageways-Doors and Fastenings of Mercantile and Manufacturing Buildings. Section One Hundred and Fifteen. Clause One. All buildings of the first or second-class more than two and not over six stories in height, which are hereafter erected or altered or which are now or may hereafter be occupied for manufacturing or mercantile purposes, shall be provided with at least one stairway not less than three (3) feet, six (6) inches in width and with the exception of treads and hand rails shall be of non-combustible material and shall extend from the ground floor to the top story of the building. Such stairway shall be so located that no part of any floor above the first-story shall be more than one hundred feet from aostairway. The stairway in all buildings used for said purposes in which more than one hundred persons are employed above the second story shall be increased in width at a ratio of six inches for every additional fifty persons employed above the second story. In all buildings occupied for above mentioned purposes and over 62480 six stories in height and all buildings in which a stairway complying with the requirements of this section cannot be so located as to be within one hundred feet of every part of the floor space of each floor above the first story, there shall be installed two stairways constructed as aforesaid each of which shall not be less than three feet six inches in width. Where two stairways are provided and more than one hundred persons are employed above the second story each of the stairways shall be increased six inches in width for every additional one hundred persons employed above the second story. Said stairway or stairways shall each be enclosed in a shaft constructed of stone, brick or concrete. Clause Two. All buildings of the third-class, used for the purposes mentioned in clause one, shall have at least one stairway not less than three feet six inches in width which shall extend from the ground floor to the top story of the building and shall be so located that no part of the floor space of any floor above the first story will be more than seventy-five feet from the stairway. When more than fifty persons are employed above the second story, the stairway shall be increased six inches in width for every additional fifty persons. All buildings of this class used for said purposes and in which a stairway cannot be so located that it will be within seventy-five feet of every part of the floor space of each story above the first, then two stairways not less than three feet six inches in width shall be installed. Where two stairways are installed and more than one hundred persons are employed above the second story, each of said stairways shall be increased six inches in width for each additional one hundred persons employed above the second story. All buildings coming within the provisions of this clause in which one hundred persons or less are employed above the first story, the stairway or stairways may be constructed of wood and enclosed in shafts constructed of metal lath and plaster or other approved noncombustible material but in all cases where more than one hundred persons are employed above the first story the stairway or if there be more than one, each shall be constructed of incombustible material except hand rail and treads and shall be inclosed in a shaft constructed of stone, brick, or concrete. Clause Three. Every stairway mentioned in clause one and two which is required to be five feet six inches and not more than seven feet in width shall have a substantial hand rail placed in the center of the stairway, and provided further that in all cases where a stairway exceeds seven feet in width the building commissioner shall require such a number of additional hand rails as in his opinion is necessary for the safety of the persons using such stairway and 62481 provided, further, that instead of increasing the width of the stairway or stairways more than three feet six inches as herein provided, the owner may at his option increase the number of stairways, so that the combinied width of all the stairways equals the combined width of the lesser number of stairways when, increased in width as herein required. Where the owner elects to install additional stairways, if in buildings of the third class and in which less than one hundred people are employed above the first story, the stairway or stairways may be constructed of wood and inclosed in shafts constructed of metal lath and plaster or other approved non-combustible materials. In all other cases the additional stairways shall be constructed of incombustible material, except the treads and hand-rails and shall be installed in shafts constructed of stone, brick or concrete, and in all other respects shall comply with the requirements relating to such shafts. In all cases where shafts are by this section required to be constructed of stone, brick or concrete, the doors on the ground floor of such shafts shall open directly into a street, alley, yard, or outer court or directly into an enclosed corridor or passageway constructed of stone, brick or concrete which said corridor or passageway shall open directly into a street, alley, yard or outer court. All openings in all of the aforesaid shafts regardless of their construction shall be provided with approved fire doors. Clause Four. Every basement ioom used as a salesroom or work room in which ten (10) or more persons are employed shall have a stairway or stairways leading directly to the outside of the building, and such stairways shall be so located and of such width as in the opinion of the building commissioner will afford a safe and adequate means of exit therefrom. Doors and Their Fastenings. Clause Five. All doors which afford a means of exit to any stairway from any story above the first story shall be so arranged as to swing into the space, passageway, hallway or shafts in which such stairway is located. The fastenings on all doors and gates above the first floor, which lead to a passageway, hallway, stairway or shaft shall be so arranged as to be easily opened from the inside without the use of a key. All exit doors leading from the lower floor or shaft directly to the outside of a building shall be provided with self-releasing devices which shall be opened by pressure from the inside. Obstruction of Passageways. Clause Six. No passageway, hallway, corridor, stairway landing or exit shall, in any manner be obstructed, nor shall any explosive or inflammiable materials of any kind be placed in, or near such passageway, hallway, corridor, stairway landing or exit. 62482 Clause Se.ven. Any owner of a building coming within the provisions of this section who shall neglect or refuse to comply with all of its requirements shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than five nor more than five hundred dollars, and each day that a violation is permitted to exist shall constitute a separate offense. Stairs for Hospitals, Asylums, Schools, Halls and Places of Public Section One Hundred Sixteen. The stairways for Assemblage. hospitals, asylums, schools, public or private, halls, assembly rooms, and places of public assemblage erected or altered since April seventh, nineteen hundred five, shall not be less than three (3) feet and eight (8) inches in width, and shall have no winding steps; the treads shall be at least ten (10) inches in width and the risers not more than eight (8) inches in height. Every building erected or altered since the above mentioned date, shall have at least two stairways leading from the ground to the top story, and provided further, that such buildings shall have such an additional number as may be necessary, so that the entrance to every room or apartment in such building shall be within one 'hundred feet from a stairway. Stairways in Hotels, Public Boarding and Lodging Houses, Tenement Houses, Apartment Houses, Number--ow Constructed. Section One Hundred Seventeen. Every building more than two (2) stories in height hereafter erected to be used as a hotel, boarding house, lodging house, tenement house, apartment, when not a building of the first-class, shall have at least two (2) stairways leading from the ground floor to the upper story thereof, and shall further be provided with such a number of stairways so located, that the entrance to every room in such building shall be within one hundred (100) feet from the stairway. All stairways in buildings com'ing within the above mentioned class shall be enclosed with brick, stone, concrete or tile walls, and all stairways, stair halls, landings and platforms shall be constructed throughout of incombustible material, except the treads and hand rails of the stairways, and all openings entering into the stairways or hatchways in the basement, shall be provided with self-closing metal clad doors. No closet of any kind shall be constructed under any staircase in a public hall. Every building more than two (2) stories in height, when not a building of the first-class, hereafter altered, to be used as a hotel, public lodging house, boarding house, tenement house, apartment, or office building, and when the halls or stairways in a building used for the above mentioned purposes shall have been damaged by fire,, or otherwise, to an extent greater than fifty (50) per cent of the original cost to install same, and if hereafter installed, shall be made to' conform with the requirements of new buildings, as pro- 62483 vided in this section. Every building exceeding two stories in height, when not a building of the first-class, hereafter erected or altered, to be used as a hotel, public lodging house, boarding house, tenement house, apartment, or office building, where the lower story is to be ,occupied as a store, or for mercantile or manufacturing purposes, or place of assemblage, shall have at least two stairways leading from the basement to the top story, and all interior stairways shall be enclosed with fireproof partitions. The stair soffits shall be covered with metal lath and plaster or other approved fireproof materials. All buildings other than those of the first-class intended to be hereafter used for any of the above mentioned purposes, shall have covered scuttles or bulkheads leading to the roof thereof and shall have ladders or stairs leading thereto, accessible to all tenantfs and in a state of readiness for use at all times. The bulkhead door or scuttle shall be so fastened as to be easily opened from the inside without the use of a key. The stairways and the public halls in every tenement house shall be at least three (3) feet wide in the clear, and shall be accessible to every apartment in such building, provided, further, that thervm shall be such a number of stairways, and so located that the entrance to every apartment in such building shall not be more than one hundred (100) feet from the stairway. Semi-fireproof buildings of the third class as described in section twenty-eight, of this ordinance, intended to be occupied as a hotel, public boarding or lodging house, or apartment or tenement house or office building, shall have at least two (2) stairways leading from the ground floor to the upper story. Such buildings shall further have a number of stairways and so located that the entrance to every room in such building shall not be more than one hundred (100) feet from a stairway and when three (3) or more stories in height, the stairways leading from the first story to basement or cellar may be located inside of the building, providing they are entirely enclosed with brick walls or other fireproof partitions, ceilines and self-closing metal clad doors. The stairs in all semi-fireproof buildings of the third class used as a hotel, public boarding or lodging house, or apartment or tenement house or office building, when three (3) or more stories in height shall be constructed of incombustible material throughout, except the treads and hand rails and such stairs may be open from ground floor to top. Every first-class building to be used as a hotel, public boarding or lodging house or office building, shall have at least one stairway leading from the ground floor to the top story, which shall be not less than three (3) feet, six inches in width in buildings not over three (3) stories in height, and the width of such stairway or 62484 the combined width of two or more stairways shall be increased at least six (6) inches for every additional story, but the width of any stairway shall not be less than three (3) feet six (6) inches, provided, however, that all buildings to be used for any of the above mentioned purposes, except office buildings shall have a number of stairways so arranged that no room or apartment on any floor above the first shall be more than one hundred feet from the stairway. Windows in Public Halls and Stairhalls. Section One HIundred Eighteen. In all tenement houses of three (3) or more stories in height, each public hall and stairhall therein, shall have on each floor, at least one window, not less than twelve square feet in area, opening directly upon the street, alley, court or yard, provided however, that in any public hall of an existing tenement house, not already equipped with such windows, or in any stairhall of any tenement house, three (3) or more stories in height, in lieu of such windows, there may be placed in the roof directly over each stairhall, a ventilating sky-light equipped with ridge ventilators, having a minimum opening of forty (40) square inches, or may be equipped with louvres. The glazed roof of such sky-light shall not be less than twenty-five (25) feet in area, and shall have a strong wire netting, not lighter than a number eight and a mesh not more than two and one-fourth (21/4) square inches, placed at least six (6) inches above it, unless the glass contains a wire netting within itself. Such skylight ventilation shall at all times be free of obstructions. Any part of a public hallway shut off from any other part of such hallway by a door or doors, shall be deemed a separate hallway within the meaning of this section. Erection of Fire Escapes-Location-Constructions-Removal or Securing of Unsafe Ones-Supervision and Approval of Building Commissioner-Notice-Failure to Erect-Remove or Secure--Misdemeanor-Penalty-Each Day a Separate Offense. Section. One Hundred Nineteen. Clause One. It shall be the duty of every owner, proprietor, lessee or keeper of every building of three or more stories in height, which is erected for or used as a hotel, boarding house, lodging house, tenement house, apartment house, warehouse, factory, mercantile house and every building wherein people congregate or which is used as a business place, or for public or private assemblages or church, or office building, except fireproof office buildings in which all the structural parts are wholly of brick, stone, tile or concrete, reinforced concrete, iron, steel, or other incombustible material and which are not used for lodging purposes; also every schoolhouse, hospital, sanitarium, seminary, blind and lunatic asylum, not established and maintained in whole or in part by the State of Missouri, to provide same with stationary fire escapes 62485 attached to the exterior of said building and with staircases located in the interior thereof. New Buildings. Clause Two. No permit shall hereafter be issued by the building commissioner to any person for the erection of a building coming within the provisions of this ordinance, unless the location of such fire escape or escapes shall be described in the plans and specified in the written application for a permit to erect such building, nor shall the building commissioner approve the completion of the building until such fire escapes are fully completed. Number of Fire Escapes. Clause Three. number of fire escapes attached to any one building as required by this ordinance, when such building is used as a schoolhouse, seminary, sanitarium, hospital, blind or lunatic asylum, hotel or factory, shall be not less than one fire escape for every fifty (50) persons or fraction thereof, for whom sleeping, living or working accommodations are provided for above the second story. All public halls which provide seating room above the first or ground floor, shall have one fire escape for every one hundred (100) persons calculated on the seating capacity of such hall, unless a different number is authorized in writing by the building commissioner. Location and Construction. Clause Four. All fire escapes shall commence at the sill of the second story window, and run to the upper sill of the upper story with an iron ladder from the upper story to the roof. The fire escape'.shall extend downward from the sill of the second story window to within nine (9) feet of the ground, pavement or sidewalk, except fire escapes on schoolhouses, seminaries, sanitariums, hospitals, theatres, blind and lunatic asylums, which shall be built solid to the ground. All fire escapes shall be so located as to afford the greatest security to the occupants of the building and shall not run past a window where it is practical to avoid it. The stairways shall not be steeper than an angle of fiftyfive (55) degrees and constructed, so as to be placed on a blank wall. Every fire escape shall be provided with one or more safe balconies for each story and so located that such balcony will be directly opposite an unobstructed exit at least three (3) feet in width, leading from the building to the fire escape. All stairways, balconies and other landings shall have pipe railings not less than three (3) feet in height, and the space between such railing and balcony, stairway or other landing shall be securely enclosed with heavy wire netting or other equally substantial material. All doors and windows and frames for same used for exists to fire escape balconies and to fire escapes shall be constructed of metal and wire glass of approved type and quality. Supervision and Approval of Building Commissioner. Clause 'The 62486 Five. Whenever any fire escape is to be attached to any building, the location thereof shall be determined by the building commissioner and it shall be constructed under his supervision and subject to his approval. Clause Six. Whenever it shall come, to the knowledge of the building commissioner that a fire escape is in an unsafe and dangerous condition, he shall at once notify the owner, proprietor, lessee or keeper of the building of such fact, and it shall be the duty of such owner, proprietor, lessee or keeper upon the receipt of such notice to forthwith proceed to rebuild or otherwise place such fire escape in a secure condition. ,Penalty. Clause Seven. The owner, proprietor, lessee, or keeper of a building which under the terms of this ordinance is required to have one or more fire escapes or where a building has the required number but which are in an unsafe and dangerous condition, who shall neglect or refuse to comply with the provisions of this ordinance, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dollars and each day shall constitute a separate offense. Stand Pipes. Section One Hundred Twenty. Every building of more than four (4) stories in height shall have in connection with every fire escape on such building, a wrought iron stand pipe three (3) inches in diameter with a Siamese hose connection at bottom and a hose connection and valve at every story and at the roof; all the connections for hose shall be of the standard size and thread in use by the St. Louis Fire Department. Provided, however, that this section shall not be held to apply to theaters and other buildings in which stand pipes have been placed by direction of the building commissioner. Duty of Owners, Lessees, Occupants or Keepers of Buildings to Keep Stairways and Fire Escapes Free From Obstruction-Penalty for Violation. Section One Hundred Twenty-one. It shall be the duty of every owner, lessee, occupant, manager or keeper of every building, required by this'ordinance to have fire escapes or stairways, to keep such stairways and fire escapes and the landings and the passageways thereto, at all times free from obstructions of all kinds, and it shall be unlawful to place any obstruction on any such stairway, fire escape or landing or passageway, or to place therein any inflammable material of any kind or to cause or permit obstructions or materials to be placed therein. Any owner, lessee, occupant, manager, or keeper of any building who shall violate any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than five nor more than five hundred dollars. 62487 Fireproof Doors and Shutters. Section One Hundred Twentytwo. In every building more than three (3) stories in height, above the basement, occupied for manufacturing or mercantile or warehouse, or office, or hotel, or hospital, or asylum purposes, every window and every opening above the first story thereof, excepting windows and openings of buildings fronting on streets or vacant lots, which are more than forty (40) feet in width shall be equipped with approved metal frames of adequate strength with wire glass panels, and such equipment shall be placed on the windows and openings in cases where lots which were vacant when buildings were constructed are built upon, so that said windows or opening become within forty (40) feet of any building. All buildings heretofore erected shall be made to conform to the provisions of this ordinance; provided that in all buildings heretofore erected, the windows and openings where wood frames exist, may in lieu of the metal frames and wire glass, be equipped with standard firedoors, blinds or shutters hung to iron hinge eyes or pin blocks built into the wall. Such firedoors, blinds or shutters shall be constructed of pine or other soft wood of two thicknesses of matched boards at right angles with each other and securely fastened and covered with tin or galvanized iron on both sides and edges, with folding lap joints; the nails for fastening the same shall be driven inside the lap. The hinges and bolts or latches shall be secured or fastened to the door or shutter by bolting after the same has been covered, and such door or shutter shall be hung independent of the woodwork of the window and doors and be of sufficient area to lap two inches all around such opening. Sliding shutters of the above construction of such mechanism may be approved by the building commissioner may be used instead of hinged shutters, they shall, in any case comply with all requirements provided for standard hinged fire shutters. Shutters To Be Opened From Outside. Section One Hundred Twenty-three. All shutters above the first story of any building shall be so arranged that they can be readily opened from the outside by firemen. All rolling iron or steel shutters hereafter placed on the first story of any building shall be counterbalanced, so that said rolling shutters may be readily opened by the firemen. Inside Fire Doors. Section One Hundred Twenty-four. Where openings in interior brick walls are required to be fitted with fire doors to prevent the spread of fire between buildings, or parts of any buildings, the said fire doors shall be made of wood covered with tin or galvanized iron, as described for standard fire doors and shutters. Doors and Shutters To Be Closed At Night. Section One Hundred 62488 Twenty-five. Occupants of all buildings provided with fire doors and shutters shall close the said fire doors and shutters at the close of business each day. Revolving Doors. When Same Shall Be Constructed, Used or Maintained. Section One Hundred Twenty-six. No revolving doors shall be constructed, used or maintained in any building unless the revolving wings of all such doors be so constructed that they can be readily collapsed,and folded flat on and against each other in an outwardly direction by the application of a force not greater than such as may be applied by an ordinary person, thereby making practically the entire width of such revolving doors immediately available for egress. Nothing in this ordinance shall be construed to prohibit the construction, use and maintainance of revolving doors the wings of which are not so constructed as herein mentioned, provided there be doors swinging outwardly on either side of said revolving doors.' Any person who shall violate or refuse to comply with any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than five nor more than five hundred dollars. Doors In 'ertain Buildings To Be Hung-How. Section One Hundred Twenty-seven. All doors, except collapsible and other revolving doors, as provided for, by section one hundred twenty-five, used for ingress or egress, to and from all school houses, public or private, theaters, opera houses, picture show exhibition rooms, assembly rooms, halls, churches, hotels, public boarding and lodging houses, restaurants, and all other buildings wherein people assemble for the purpose of instruction, entertainment, amusement, or for any other purpose whatsoever, except as provided for in section one hundred fifteen of this ordinance, shall open outwardly by means of pressure upon the inside thereof. Hatchways Or Well Holes To Be Barred Or Inclosed. Section One Hundred Twenty-eight. Every hoistway, hatchway, stairway, or well hole not used for elevators in every building, shall hereafter be securely guarded by means of proper gates, railings, or guards, or other inclosures as shall be approved by the building commissioner. Such guards or railings shall not be less than three feet in height nor more than one foot above the floor, and shall be so constructed as to effectually prevent persons from falling into such hoistways, hatchways, stairways or well holes. All hoistways or hatchways used for elevators, except in mercantile and manufacturing buildings, shall be' securely inclosed with a wire or iron screen of not more than one inch mesh and' shall extend to a height of at least six (6) feet above the floor. The opening therein on each floor shall be provided with a semi-automatic gate properly 62489 fitted with a device to prevent the gate from being opened until the platform of the car shall have arrived at the floor landing and which shall cause the gate to close automatically, as the car leaves the floor landing. It shall be the duty of the building commissioner to see that all hatchways, or well holes in buildings are properly guarded or inclosed. Inclosure of Elevators In Mercantile or Manufacturing Buildings. Section One IHundred Twenty-nine. Elevator shafts in all mercantile and manufacturing buildings, exceeding three (3) stories in height, hereafter built or altered, to be occupied, shall be inclosed with walls or partitions of approved fireproof material, and have automatically closing metal or metal clad doors at all openings therein. Elevators In Connection With Stairways. Section One Hundred Thirty. In all buildings hereafter erected or altered, in which elevators are placed in well holes of or adjacent to stairways both of which are required by this ordinance to be closed, such elevators and stairways shall each be separately inclosed with partitions of approved fireproof material. Grating and Floor Under Machinery and Top of Elevator Shafts. Section One Hundred Thirty-one. There shall be placed below the machinery and sheaves at the top of every elevator shaft, hereafter constructed or altered, a substantial grating or screen of iron, so constructed as to prevent persons or objects from falling into such shafts, and sufficiently open to permit flames and smoke to pass through to the skylight or windows provided in section one hundred thirty-three. If such shaft, be floored over with a solid flooring, such flooring shall not cover more than one-half (1/2) of the area of such shaft, and at least one-half (1/2) of the area of such shaft shall be covered with an approved open iron grating. Dumb Waiter Shafts. Material Used In Enclosing Same. Section One Hundred Thirty-two. In all non-fireproof buildings hereafter erected, except dwellings, the dumb waiter shafts shall be enclosed with brick, tile, reinforced concrete, or cement plaster not less than two (2) inches, thick on metal studs and lath, and all openings thereto shall be made of incombustible material, made to open from the outside by means of a key, or other device. Skylights Over Elevators. Section One Hundred Thirty-three. In all buildings hereafter erected or altered, the roof immediately over every hoistway, elevator, open shaft or well hole, shall be provided with a skylight containing not less than twenty-five (25) square feet of glass; said glass shall be set in metal sashes or frames, with lights of not less than two hundred (200) square inches each, and not exceeding one-eighth of an inch in thickness. There shall 64290 be suspended immediately below this glass a strong wire netting. Provided, that if in the sides of an elevator pent house, or at the top of any such shaft or wall hole, there be windows having thirtyfive square feet of glass of the thickness herein specified for skylights, then the building commissioner may, at his discretion, permit the skylights above described to be omitted. Fire Places, Chimneys and Flues. Section One Hundred Thirtyfour. All fire places, flues and chimneys in any building hereafter built, and all chimneys or flues hereafter altered or repaired, without reference to the purposes for which they may be used, whether for gas or other fuel, shall have the points struck smooth on the inside. The brick walls inclosing all chinuey shafts used for furnaces, heating boilers, bakers ovens, large cooking ranges and heating furnaces, and all flues used for similar purposes, shall be at least nine (9) inches in thickness; or there shall be a cast iron or fire clay pipe built inside of the flue, in which case the brick work surrounding such pipes may be four inches in thickness. All chimneys containing ordinary flues shall be built to a height of at least four (4) feet above the roof covering. All smoke flues or smelting furnaces, or of steam boilers or other apparatus, which heat the flues to a high temperature, shall be built with double walls, with an air space between them, the inside four inches to be of fire brick or fire clay slabs or blocks laid in fire clay mortar to a height of twenty-five (25) feet from the bottom. Smoke stacks built entirely of steel, cast or wrought iron, may be erected for any of the.above uses, provided they are effectually inclosed in masonry or fire-proof shafts, in such a manner as to render the building safe from damage by fire. Chimneys and Flues Detached from Masonry Walls. Section One Hundred Thirty-five. All chimneys and flues in buildings of the fourth class, or detached from the brick, walls of buildings of the second or third class, shall be built of brick with surrounding walls not less than nine (9) inches thick, unless there be flue linings, as specified in section one hundred thirty-four, in which case such chimneys and flues may be built with four-inch walls. Supports for Chimneys. Section One Hundred Thirty-six. No chimney shall be supported or built upon any floor or beam of wood. In no case shall a chimney be corbeled out more than nine (9) inches from the wall, and in all cases the corbeling shall consist of at least five (5) courses of brick or stone corbeling of equal height. Where chimneys are supported by piers, the piers shall start from the foundation on the same line with the chimney breast, and shall not be less than thirteen (13) inches on the face and properly bonded into 62491 the wall. No chimney shall be cut off below, in whole or in part, and supported by wood, but shall be wholly supported by stone, brick or iron. Unsafe Chimneys. Section One Hundred Thirty-seven. All chimneys which, in the opinion of the Building Commissioner, are dangerous or unsafe, in any manner whatever, shall be repaired and made safe or taken down. Fire Places, Hearths. Section One Hundred Thirty-eight. All fire places, whether for gas or other fuel, shall have backs and jambs of brick work not less than nine (9) inches in thickness, and shall have hearths not less than twenty (20) inches wide from the face of the breast, and extending the full length of the chimney breast, laid upon trimmer arches of brick, stone, tile or concrete, constructed in such a manner as to be self-supporting. The centering shall be removed upon completion of the arch and before plastering, and no wooden centering or support shall be allowed to remain below and in contact with any trimmer arch or hearth. Installing of Boilers, Furnaces and Ovens. Section One Hundred Thirty-nine. No steam boilers or heating boiler, or heating furnace, or smelting furnace or forge or baking oven or roasting oven or like apparatus, whereby the danger of fire is increased, shall hereafter be installed or erected or used in any building; nor shall any such stove, range, oven or heating apparatus, as is mentioned in section one hundred forty of this ordinance, be installed, or erected, or used, until.a.permit so to do shall have been issued by the building commissioner and the fees required by section four, shall have been paid. Provided that ordinary cooking and heating stoves in dwellings or other buildings wherein not more than fifty (50) persons are lodged or assembled or employed, may be installed and used without such permission. All such apparatus shall be so installed as to conform to all of the requirements of this ordinance and it is hereby made the duty of the owner, manager, lessee, tenant or agent of every building to comply with the requirements of this ordinance in the erection and installation of such boilers, furnaces, ovens, ranges and like apparatus. In all buildings, the floors under and around all boilers, hot water heaters, heating furnaces, ovens, coffee roasters, or other apparatus, in which fires are maintained, shall be non-combustible or protected by a covering of brick or concrete not less than four (4) inches in thickness, and extending not less than ten (10) feet in front, and at least four (4) feet on all other sides. On top of this fireproof covering shall be placed a ventilated hollow brick or tile foundation, upon which shall be set such low pressure boilers, hot water heaters, heating furnaces, oven, coffee roaster or other structures in which fires are maintained. The space between the sides of 62492 any low pressure boiler, hot water heater, heating furnace, oven stove or other. apparatus in which fires are maintained and any woodwork or wooden construction shall not be less than five (5) feet, unless all such woodwork be protected by metal shields, or other fireproof materials; and then such space shall not be less than eighteen (18) inches, and no woodwork shall be within eight feet of any furnace door of such apparatus, unless similarly protected. The space between any such apparatus and any wooden ceiling or wooden ceiling beam shall not be less than five (5) feet, unless such woodwork be protected by metal shields or other fireproof materials extending at least eighteen (18) inches in all directions beyond the sides of such apparatus; and if the spacebetween such ceiling and such apparatus be less than two (2) feet, then such shield or other protection shall be double and be separated by metal furrings with an air space of at least two (2) inches between such coverings, but in no case shall it be permissible' for any such apparatus to be nearer to any wooden ceiling or wooden ceiling beam than one foot. No steam boiler, or heating boiler, or heating furnace or smelting furnace or forge, or apparatus, whereby the danger from fire is increased, shall hereafter be used in any building until the same shall have been examined and approved by the building commissioner, who shall then issue a permit for the use of such apparatus, and his certificate that it conforms to the requirements of this ordinance, (upon the payment of the fees required in sections four and seventeen, of this ordinance). Setting of Stoves, Ranges and Boxes On Combustible Floors, Except In Dwellings. Section One Hundred Forty. Where stoves or ranges are set upon combustible floors, except in dwelling'houses as mentioned in section one hundred forty-one, they shall be so set as to leave an air space of not less than four (4) inches between them and the floor, and the floor shall be protected by sheet metal extending three (3) feet in front and one foot on all other sides. The space between the sides of any such stoves or ranges and any woodwork or wooden construction shall not be less than four (4) feet unless all such woodwork be protected by metal shields or other fireproof material; and then such space shall not be less than eighteen (18) inches. Metal or non-combustible ash boxes, raised off the floor, shall be provided where ashes are kept in a building. No stove, range, oven or heating apparatus shall be used in any hotel, theater, hospital, school, hall or other building in which more than fifty (50) persons are lodged or assembled or employed until the same, shall have been examined and approved by the building commissioner, who shall then issue a permit for the use of such stove, oven or heating apparatus and his certificate that it conforms to the 62493 requirements of this ordinance, upon the payment of the fee required in section four of this ordinance. Setting of Stoves and Ranges In Dwellings. Section One Hundred Forty-one. Every stove or range or other apparatus in which fires are maintained, excepting such as are provided for in sections one hundred thirty-nine, and one hundred forty, of this ordinance, when set upon combustible floors, shall have the floors under them protected with sheet metal extending two (2) feet in front of and one foot on all other sides of same. The space between the sides of any such stoves or ranges and any woodwork or wooden construetion shall not be less than three (3) feet, unless all such woodwork be protected by metal shields or other fireproof materials; and then such space shall not be less than eighteen (18) inches. It shall be the duty of every owner of every such stove or range, as is mentioned in this section, to cause the same to conform in every particular with the requirements of this section. Smoke Pipes. Section One Hundred Forty-two. No smoke pipe shall extend through any external wall unless connected with a flue, chimney, or stack, built as required by this ordinance. No smoke pipe shall pass through any window, door, floor, roof or partition constructed of combustible materials, unless there be a space of at least eighteen (18) inches between such smoke pipe and such combustible material; or such smoke pipe may be surrounded by a double metal thimble of sufficient length to extend completely through such window, door, floor, roof or partition and having a ventilated air space of not less than four inches around the pipe, but such air space shall not be less than one-third (1/3) the diameter of the pipe. No smoke pipe shall be placed nearer than eighteen (18) inches to any combustible material, unless such combustible material be protected by a coating of plaster on metal lath, or by a metal shield two (2) inches distant from such combustible material, in which case the smnioke pipe shall not be placed nearer than nine (9) inches to such combustible material. No smoke pipe having a greater diameter than nine (9) inches shall be placed nearer than twice its diameter to any combustible material unless such material be protected as aforesaid, and when so protected shall not be placed nearer thereto than three-fourths (3/4) of its diameter. unless by written permission of the building commissioner. All smoke pipes shall be put together with rivets, bolts or approved lock joints, and shall be maintained in good order. Hot Air Pipes and Registers. Section One Hundred Forty-three. All pipes for the distribution of hot air shall be of metal or noncombustible material, and when vertical pipes are inclosed in partitions or any covering of combustible materials, such pipes shall 62494 be double, with an air space of at least one one-half (1) inch between the inner and outer pipes and between the outer pipe and any woodwork or combustible material; or, if such pipes are single, then they shall be covered with asbestos paper of not less than twoply in thickness, or with other approved material of equal non-heatconducting and non-combustible quality, and shall be kept at least two (2) inches away from all woodwork or combustible material unless such woodwork be tinned, and then they shall be kept at least one inch away from such woodwork or combustible materials. Horizontal hot air pipes shall be kept at least six (6) inches away from all woodwork or combustible material, unless the same be protected by metal shields or by plaster, and then they shall not be nearer than two (2) inches to such woodwork or combustible material, and where such horizontal pipes are concealed or surrounded by woodwork or other combustible material, in the same manner as is herein required for vertical pipes. All hot air registers when placed in a floor next above a furnace or other heater shall be set in approved non-combustible horders not less than two (2) inches in width, and shall have an air space of at least two (2) inches on all sides on the bottom of the register box. All register boxes shall be separated from all woodwork or combustible material, by a distance equal to that herein required for concealed hot air pipes. No wooden lathing shall be placed in front of or over any hot air pipe. Setting Steam, and Hot Water Pipes. Section One Hundred Forty-four. No steam pipes or steam return pipe or hot water pipe shall be placed nearer than one inch to any woodwork or combustible material, unless the same be protected by metal shields, and then they shall not be placed nearer thereto than one-half (1/2) inch. Boiler Rooms, Coal or Fuel Rooms. Section One Hundred Fortyfive. All high pressure steam boilers, hereafter to be placed in any building (except when in a separate house constructed of fireproof materials), shall be placed in a fireproof room, the walls of which shall be constructed of brick, stone or concrete, of not less than thirteen (13) inches in thickness, and all openings into such fireproof room shall be provided with standard fireproof doors. The ceiling or floor over all such boiler rooms and the ceiling or floor over all such coal or fuel rooms in such buildings, shall be constructed of reinforced concrete or of concrete or masonry, supported upon iron or steel beams or masonry arches. Every boiler room when below ground, or when under any sidewalk, shall have stationary iron ladders or stairs leading directly to a manhole or other opening to the outside, or other adequate means of exit, which shall be approved by the building commissioner. Cupola Chimney. Section One Hundred Forty-six. Cupola fur- 62495 naces for foundries shall have chimneys extending at least ten (10) feet above the highest point of any roof within a radius of forty (40) feet of such cupola, and shall be provided with an approved spark arrester. Height of Smoke Stacks and Chimneys. Section One Hundred Forty-seven. The tops of all smoke stacks and chimneys, erected since December second, nineteen hundred fifteen, shall be carried above the roof of surrounding buildings so as to protect them from smoke, gases and fumes; and they shall have approved spark arrester when necessary to prevent the escape of sparks. The heights of such smoke stacks and chimneys shall not be less than here given, to-wit: Smoke stacks and chimneys having a sectional area of one hundred square inches or less shall extend at least four (4) feet above the top of every building within twenty (20) feet thereof; smoke stacks and chimneys having a sectional area of more than one hundred square inches and less than three hundred' and eighty square inches, shall extend at least eight (8) feet above the top of every building within one hundred (100) feet thereof; smoke stacks and chimneys having a sectional area of more than three hundred and eighty (380) square inches, shall extend at least twelve (12) feet above the top of every building within two hundred (200) feet thereof. Gas Fixtures. Section One Hundred Forty-eight. All gas lights shall be placed at least three (3) feet below any ceiling or exposed woodwork, unless they are properly protected by a metal shield suspended at least one inch below ceiling or woodwork, in which cases the distance shall not be less than eighteen (18) inches, and all gas fixtures or devices for the use of gas shall be so located and protected that the use thereof cannot ignite any combustible materials. Gas Pipes and Fixtures to Be Kept In Order-Upon Whom Duty Rests. Section One Hundred Forty-nine. It shall be the duty of the owner or lessee of every building wherein gas pipes are installed, to maintain such pipes in a state of good repair and keep them tight, and to immediately repair or make tight any defective or leaking gas pipes upon notice from the building commissioner. It shall be the duty of every occupant of a building who uses gas, whether he be owner, lessee or tenant, to maintain all gas fixtures, gas stoves, gas heaters or other devices for the use of gas, in a statd of good repair and keep them tight; and to immediately repair or make tight any defective or leaking fixture or device upon notice from the building commissioner. It shall be the duty of every company or person supplying gas to any building when notified by the building commissioner of any leaking or defective gas pipe or gas fixture or device in any building, to immediately shut off the gas supply to 62496 such building, and not to turn on or supply gas again to such building until such defective gas pipe or fixture shall have been repaired and made tight. Temporary Floors-During Building Operations. Section One Hundred Fifty. It shall be the duty of every contractor or his agent, who, by such contractor shall have been given the supervision and control of the construction or remodeling' of any building more than four (4) stories in height above the established street grade, to provide and lay upon the upper-side of the joints, beams or girders, or both, of the first floor below the riveters and structural steel setters, a plank floor, which shall be so laid as to form a substantial temporary floor for the protection of the employees and all persons above, below or on such temporary floor in such building, provided, that when a permanent floor is in place on the floor herein required to be planked a temporary protective floor shall not be required. Any contractor or his agent coming within the provisions of this section who shall fail or refuse to comply with the terms thereof shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than five (5) nor more than five hundred dollars, and each day shall constitute a separate offense. Sewer Connections. Section One Hundred Fifty-one. In all buildings erected or to be hereafter erected, in the City of St. Louis, used or intended to be used for mercantile or manufacturing purposes, and located where a sewer connection can be made, there shall be in the basement or cellar of every building used for said purposes, a sewer connection, so arranged that it can be readily opened, for the purpose of drainage, in the event that the buildings or any of the floors, or basement or cellar thereof, shall be flooded from any cause, and the location of such sewer connection shall be indicated by a permanent and conspicuous sign, near the ceiling or on the wall, near the same, and such sign shall never be hidden or obstructed, but shall always be kept in plain view. Roofs. Section One Hundred Fifty-two. Every building within the fire limits and every building required by this ordinance to be of the first, second, or third class shall have a roof covering of metal, slate, tile, gravel, or other equally durable and incombustible material. All roofs other than flat roofs, on buildings over fortyfive (45) feet high, which are used for mercantile or manufacturing purposes, shall be constructed wholly of fireproof materials, supported on iron or steel rafters and supports or of reinforced concrete. Repairs and Renewal of Roofs. Section One Hundred Fifty-three. Wfhen the roof of a building within the fire limits is to be renewed 62497 or fifty (50) or more per cent of the roof is to be repaired, the materials used shall be in conformity with the requirements of this section. Roofs of Adjoining Buildings. Section One Hundred Fifty-four. In all cases where two or more buildings are built adjoining, and separated by a division wall or walls, the roof sheathing, cornices or ridge mouldings shall not extend over or cover any portion of such division wall or walls, unless such roofs are constructed wholly of fireproof materials. Mansard Roofs. Section One Hundred Fifty-five. Mansard roofs shall be considered as roofs having an angle with the horizon of not less than fifty-five degrees, nor more than eighty degrees, and no such roof shall be permissible, when parallel with and nearer than three (3) feet to the property line of another owner, unless such roof be made wholly of fireproof materials. Metallic Leaders From Roofs. Section One Hundred Fifty-six. The roofs of all buildings shall be provided with proper metallic leaders for conducting the water away in such a manner as shall protect the walls and foundations of such buildings, or of adjacent buildings, from injury. In no case shall water from such leaders be allowed to flow upon adjoining walls or premises or upon the sidewalks, but shall be conducted by proper pipes to the sewer. If there be no sewer available, then the water from, such leaders shall be conducted by pipes below the surface of the sidewalks to the street gutter. Cornices. Section One Hundred Fifty-seven. In all cases where a wall is finished with stone or terra cotta cornice, sixty-five (65) per centum of the weight of the material for such cornice shall be on the inside of the outer face of the wall, or shall be securely anchored, so that the cornice shall be firmly balanced upon the wall. Cornices of all buildings over forty-five (45) feet in height, excepting residences, shall be constructed of non-combustible material, and shall be well secured to the walls with anchors or brackets of metal. The lookouts to which such cornice is secured shall be of metal. In all cases the walls shall be carried up to the sheathing of the roof, and where the cornice projects over the roof the walls shall be carried up to the top of the cornice. All exterior wooden cornices or gutters, excepting of residences and buildings under forty-five (45) feet in height, which are decayed or from any other case shall become unsafe, shall be taken down, and if replaced, shall be constructed of non-combustible material as required for new buildings. Balconies. Section One Hundred Fifty-eight. Balconies on buildings may project beyond the lot lines at the street only when such 62498 balconies are constructed wholly of incombustible material; but no part of such balconies shall project more than three (3) feet beyond the street lines, nor shall any part of such balconies be nearer than fourteen (14) feet from the sidewalk grade. Projections Over Sidewalks On Street or Alley Lines. Section One Hundred Fifty-nine. The walls of all bay or oriel windows, except in dwellings, shall be constructed entirely of incombustible materials. The limitations, dimensions and locations of bay and oriel windows projecting over the street or alley building line shall be, as follows: No part of any bay or oriel window shall be at less distance than fourteen feet from the sidewalk grade; nor shall any part of such bay or oriel window project more than three (3) feet over the building line of any street or alley; .nor have a greater frontage than fifteen (15) feet; nor project over the building line of any street or alley where said street or alley is less than twenty, (20) feet wide; nor shall there be more than one bay or oriel window for twenty-five (25) feet of frontage. Nothing herein contained shall, however, limit the number and size of bay or oriel windows which are built in such manner as not to project over the street or alley line. Stationary Awning-Inspection to Be Made. Section One Hundred Sixty. No person, firm, association, or corporation, shall attach any stationary awning, canopy, marquise, bridge, or overhead passageway to any building, within the City of St. Louis, until an application, stating the weight of the proposed fixture, shall have been filed in the division of building and inspection, an inspection made, and a certificate issued by said division, stating that such building possesses sufficient strength to safely carry the proposed additional weight. Show Windows. Section One Hundred Sixty-one. No part of permanent store fronts, show windows or storm doors in the first story of any building intended for a protection, or to contain goods or wards for display or sale, shall be constructed so as to project beyond the building line of any street or alley. In case of alterations of store fronts or show windows necessitated by repairs or for the purpose of re-arrangement, or in case of removal or restoration necessitated by fire, or other cause, such alteration, renewals or restorations shall be so made as to comply in all respects with the provisions of this ordinance relating to the construction of new store fronts or show windows. Slated Walls and Gables. Section One Hundred Sixty-two. In dwellings, lodging houses, and tenement houses, when required or permitted by this ordinance to be buildings of the third class, and a portion of a story it omitted, or roofed at a lower level than an- 62499 other part, and when there are no masonry walls at or below the line of such division, then it may be permissible to enclose such parts with wooden studs or sheathing, covering on the outside with slate or other durable fire-resisting material; and it shall be permissible to cover the side of dormers, gables and bay windows of such buildings with like materials. But no such construction shall have an exposed surface exceeding two hundred and fifty (250) square feet, nor shall it be permitted nearer than three (3) feet to the line of any adjoining owner. Porches, Verandas, Porticos, Construction of Inside Fire Limits. Section One Hundred Sixty-three. The enclosing walls and posts of porches, verandas, or porticos, three (3) or more stories in height, shall be of incombustible material on buildings inside the fire limits, but where such porches are enclosed with sash and glass, such sash may be made of wood. Two-story porches may be enclosed with combustible material provided such enclosed porches are enclosed with not less than sixty (60) per cent of glass and furthermore, no such enclosed porch of combustible material shall have a floor area exceeding one hundred and fifty (150) square feet, provided, however, that where such porches, verandas, or porticos constitute a storm door enclosure, they may be of combustible material, providing, that they be not mlore than twelve (12) feet high nor occupy a greater frontage than two feet more than the width of the inner doors, projected by such storm inclosure. All combustible enclosures of porches and storm doors hereafter built shall be at least three (3) feet from the line of another owner. Hereafter no porch shall be constructed more than three (3) stories in height unless constructed of incombustible material. Where porches are continuous and extend fifty (50) feet or more across any part of a tenenient house there shall be a partition of incombustible material separating each fifty (50) feet of porch from the adjacent porch. "Hereafter it shall be permissible to build enclosed porches not exceeding three (3) stories in height constructed of skeleton steel frame work supporting floors, roofs and enclosing walls. All exterior walls shall have at least sixty per cent of window or door openings which said openings shall be uniformly distributed and the remaining forty per cent of wall area shall be constructed of hard, burned, hollow, clay tile at least four inches thick plastered on both sides with Portland cement plaster or of steel studs with metal lath and plastered on both sides with Portland cement plaster. No enclosed porch constructed of steel frame work or of steel studs and metal lath and plaster shall exceed eight (8) feet by fifty (50) feet in size. Green Houses and Conservatories. Section One Hundred Sixty- 62500 four. Green houses and conservatories, if located within the fire limits, shall have metal frames and bars. Construction of Bath Rooms Attached to An Existing Building. Section One. Hundred Sixty-five. When from any cause, it shall become necessary to build an addition to any existing building for the purpose of installing a bathroom and watercloset therein, such addition shall be constructed of stone, brick, concrete, tile, metal, lath and Portland cement plaster, or other equally substantial incombustible material, provided, however, that where there is an existing frame dwelling house within the fire limits having no watercloset therein and the owner of such building is required by ordinance to abandon the use of a privy vault located in the yard, such owner may build a frame addition to such building not exceeding seventy-two square feet for the purpose of installing a .bathroom and closet therein, and provided further that when the main building is not. within the fire limits, such addition may in all cases be constructed of the same material as the building. Fireproof Walls for Light and Vent Shafts. Section One Hundred Sixty-six. In every building four (4) stories or more in height hereafter erected, all the walls or partitions forming interior light or vent shafts shall be built of brick or other approved fireproof materials. Towers, Domes and Spires On Top of Buildings. Section One Hundred Sixty-seven. Towers, domes and'spires may be erected on the roofs of buildings, but shall not occupy more than one-quarter of the street frontage of any building, and shall not in any case have a base area of more than twenty-five hundred (2500) square feet. All such domes, towers or spires shall be built of non-combustible materials. Towers, domes or spires shall not be permitted on buildings of the second and third class where the extremie height of the top of the tower, dome or spire shall exceed one hundred and fifty (150) feet above the street grade. Pent Houses-How Constructed. Section One Hundred Sixtyeight. Pent houses used as inclosures for tanks or elevators, andt coverings for the machinery of elevators, and for any other purpose whatever, hereafter erected on or above the roof of buildings, shall be built of fireproof materials or sheathed and covered on all sides with metal, including sides and edges of doors., Covers on top of water tanks placed on roofs may be made of wood, covered with sheet metal. Where party or division walls form one or more sides of pent houses, such walls shall be carried up as fire walls above the roof of the pent house. Water Tanks and Their Supports. Section One Hundred Sixtynine. Water tanks erected over roofs of buildings shall be sup- 62501 ported on brick or stone bearing walls or on metal beams or posts. Erection of Signs.'. Section One Hundred Seventy. Any sign now erected or that may hereafter be erected on or attached to a building, canopy, balcony, bridge, wall or any other structure, that may become decayed or from any cause become unsafe, shall be taken down and removed or otherwise properly secured, upon written notice from the building commissioner. No sign exceeding twenty (20) square feet in area shall be erected on or attached to any building, canopy, balcony, bridge, wall or any other structure, without a permit from the division of building and inspection as provided in section four, of this ordinance. No sign exceeding thirty-five (35) square feet in area shall hereafter be erected on or attached to any building, canopy, balcony, bridge, Nall or other structure, unless such sign is constructed wholly of metal or other non-combustible material. When two or more signs are attached to any building, canopy, balcony, bridge, wall or other structure, one above the other, the width or height of all the signs shall be measured as if the entire number constituted but one solid sign and the space between such signs shall be included in the calculation of the width of the signs, unless there be a clear space of at least six (6) feet between such signs. No sign shall project more than thirtysix (36) inches beyond the building line of any street or alley, unless such sign be securely built on the top of or attached to a canopy, or like permanent fixture of a building. No sign or combination of signs erected on the top of any canopy or other like fixture, when projecting more than thirty-six (36) inches over the building line of any street or alley shall exceed ten (10) feet in height, nor shall any sign, attached thereto, project beyond the outer line of such canopy, or other like fixture. No sign attached to any building, canopy, balcony or other structure shall extend downward nearer than eight (8) feet to the ground or pavement of any street or alley, nor shall any sign be so placed as to obstruct any fire escape, or so situated as to interfere with the operations of the fire departWent. Every sign hereafter erected upon or attached to any building, canopy, balcony, bridge or other structure shall be supported by heavy iron braces or supports firmly bolted in a secure nianner to such building, canopy, balcony, bridge, or other structure, and it shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to erect or cause to be erected, or refuse to remove or properly secure an unsafe sign in violation of this ordinance. Billboards, Permit, Removal. Section One Hundred Seventy-one. Hereafter no billboard having a surface of twenty-five (25) square feet or more shall be erected, altered or reconstructed without a permit from the -division of building and inspection, and the man- 62502 ner of construction, location, and dimensions of such billboards shall be subject to the approval of the building commissioner in accordance with the provisions of this section. The term "billboard ' ' within the meaning of this section shall include all structures of whatever material the same may be 'constructed which are erected, maintained or used for the public display of posters, painted signs, picture or other pictorial reading matter, except that the term "billboard" shall not be applied to or include such signs as are attached to the roofs or walls of buildings, canopies, balconies, bridges, or other like structures as provided for in the preceding section of this ordinance. No billboard hereafter erected, altered, replaced or reconstructed shall exceed fourteen (14) feet in height above the surface of the ground. Every billboard shall have an open space of at least four (4) feet between the lower edge thereof and the ground, which space shall not be closed in any manner while the billboard stands, nor shall any billboard be erected or placed nearer than six (6) feet to any building nor to the side line of any lot, nor nearer than two (2) feet to any other billboard, nor shall any such billboard exceed five hundred (500) square feet in area nor be erected or placed nearer than fifteen (15) feet to the street line of any street, alley, or right-of-way on which any lot fronts or abuts, but in all cases where the building line of buildings within fifty (50) feet of the proposed billboard is more than fifteen (15) feet from the street or boundary line then such billboard shall not be erected or placed nearer to such street line or lot boundary line than the distance that the building line of such buildings is from such street line or lot boundary line; and where buildings are hereafter built near or adjacent to billboards, such billboards shall be so moved or cut off as to leave a space of not less than six (6) feet between the building and such billboard, which shall in all other respects also comply with the terms of this section. Any billboard which may now be or hereafter become decayed or unsafe and any billboard which shall hereafter be erected, altered or reconstructed contrary to the provisions of this section shall be removed or otherwise properly secured in accordance with the terms of this section by the owner thereof or by the owner of the ground on which such billboard shall stand, upon receipt of a written notice from the building comimissioner, commanding such owner or owners to have such billboard removed or otherwise properly secured within three days, next, after the service of said notice. Service of said notice shall be made in accordance with the provisions of section two hundred five of this ordinance. No decayed or unsafe billboard shall be repaired or rebuilt except in accordance with the provisions of this section and upon a permit issued from the division of building and 62503 inspection. Fences-Walls-Screens. Section One Hundred Seventy-two. It shall hereafter be unlawful to erect any division fence or screen, in whole or in part of cloth, canvas, or other like material, nor shall any solid wooden division fence or screen, exceeding six (6) feet in height be erected, provided, however, a wooden or metal fence or screen not exceeding eight (8) feet in height may be erected if such fence or screen be penetrated with openings at regular intervals, or latticed, so that the combined area of the openings shall be at least fifty (50) per cent of the actual surface of such fence or screen, but no division fence, fence wall or screen, no matter how built, or of what material constructed, shall exceed ten feet in height. Hotels, Public Lodging or Boarding Houses, Rope Fire Escapes, Chemical Fire Extinguishers or Stand Pipes-Failure to Provide-A MlVisdemeanor, Penalty. Section One Hundred Seventy-three. It shall be the duty of the pr6orietor or keeper of every hotel, public lodging or boarding house which is not over three (3) stories in height and of non-fireproof construction and not provided with exterior stationary stair fire escapes as required by the statutes of this state, to provide in every bedroom or sleeping apartment on the second and third floors thereof, a manila rope at least five-eighths (5/) of an inch in diameter and of sufficient length to reach the ground, with knots made therein not over fifteen (15) inches apart; said rope shall be of sufficient strength to sustain a weight of at least five hundred (500) pounds and shall be securely fastened as near as practicable to a window in such hotel, public lodging or boarding house. Said rope shall at no time be covered by curtains or other obstructions of any kind, but shall at all times be kept in plain sight. It is further made the duty of the proprietor or keeper of every .hotel, public lodging or boarding house of three (3) or more stories in height, regardless of the class of construction, to provide at least one efficient chemical fire extinguisher for every twenty-five hundred (2500) square feet or less of floor area, which extinguisher or extinguishers shall be placed in convenient locations in the public hallway outside of the sleeping rooms and shall always be kept charged and in a proper condition for use, or shall, at the option of the proprietor or keeper of such hotels, public lodging or boarding houses, be equipped with a one and one-fourth (11/4) inch stand pipe, with hose connection and hose of sufficient length always attached thereto in such hallway, which standpipe shall be supplied with sufficient water pressure. Any proprietor or keeper of a hotel, public lodging or boarding house who shall neglect to comply with the several provisions of 62504 this section, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than five nor more than five hundred dollars, and each day shall constitute a separate and distinct offense. Notice to Guests. Section One Hundred Seventy-four. It shall be the duty of the proprietor or keeper of every hotel or public lodging house to post in a conspicuous place in each room of such hotel or public lodging house, a notice calling the attention of the guests to the location of the exit or exits to the exterior stationary stair fire escape, if there be such fire escape, or the location of the rope fire escape and its use in case of fire. Lights In Hallways-Transparent Sign at Fire Escape. Section One Hundred Seventy-five. It shall be the duty of the keeper or proprietor of every hotel, public boarding house, lodging house, tenement house, apartment house, of two or more stories in height, to provide and keep a light unobstructed by colored glass in the common halls and stairways on each and every floor. The location of every fire escape at each opening on each floor of said building above the first floor shall be designated by a red transparent sign with a light therein, and the following words thereon, "fire escape" in letters at least three (3) inches in height. All of said lights shall be kept constantly burning from twylight in the evening until daylight in the morning of each and every day. Alarm Bells-Notice. Section One Hundred Seventy-six. It shall be the duty of every proprietor or keeper of a hotel or public lodging or boarding house more than three (3) stories in height and containing more than Twenty (20) rooms to provide one of the hereinafter mentioned apparatus for the alarm of the guests in case of fire. There shall be installed in the corridor of each floor one or more, six (6) inch alarm bells so arranged that every room on such floor shall be within sixty (60) feet of a bell, such bell or bells shall be operated from the office with a main throw switch, or a call and return call annunciator system controlled from the office to each room and from each room to the office, operated with a main throw switch, there shall be, or installed, in each room a telephone system with main switchboard in the office, at which shall be stationed an ioperator continuously on duty between the hours of seven p. m. until seven a. m. of each and every day of the year, who, in case of fire shall cause the bell in each room to ring continuously by means of a main throw switch. It is further made the duty of the proprietor or keeper of the buildings herein mentioned to post a notice in a conspicuous place in each room calling the attention to the system used for the purpose of alarming the guests in case of fire. Upon any such alarm 62505 being given, it shall be the duty of every proprietor, keeper or employee to use every possible means in their power to save all guests and inmates. Every proprietor or keeper of a hotel, public lodging or boarding house, who shall neglect to comply with any provisions of this section, or any person who has control of a switch or switchboard as hereinabove described, who shall neglect his duty, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than five nor more than five hundred dollars. Inspection-Fee to Be Paid-License-Certificate. Section One Hundred Seventy-seven. It shall be the duty of the building commissioner, to make or cause to be made a semi-annual inspection of every hotel or public lodging house of three (3) or more stories in height, in which are kept fifteen or more rooms for hire, for the accommodation of guests, to see that all of the requirements of this ordinance are fully complied with. The first inspection shall 'be made in the month of January, the second in the month of July of each year. If upon inspection, it be found that provisions of this ordinance have been complied with, the building commissioner shall issue his certificate stating same. The proprietor or keeper of every hotel and public lodging house coming within the provisions of this section shall pay the sum of two dollars for each inspection and no certificate shall be issued until said fee is paid. The license commissioner is hereby prohibited from issuing a license to any proprietor or keeper or any other person for the benefit of any proprietor or keeper of any hotel or public lodgihg house coming within the provisions of this section, until a certificate of compliance shall have been issued as hereinabove required. Height and Size of Rooms. Section One Hundred Seventy-eight. Every room in every apartment house, hotel, tenement or lodging house hereafter built, and every building hereafter altered to be used as such, shall not be less than eight (8) feet in height in the clear in every story (except that in the attic it may be less than eight (8) feet high for not more than one-half (1/2) of the area of the room). In every new tenement house all rooms except kitchenette, watercloset compartments and bathrooms shall be of the following minimum sizes. In each apartment there shall be at least one room containing not less than one hundred and twenty (120) square feet of floor area, and every room except kitchenette, water closet compartments and bathrooms, shall contain at least seventy square feet of floor area and not less than six hundred (600) cubic feet of contents. Alcove rooms shall conform to all the requirements of other rooms. Windows. Section One Hundred Seventy-nine. Hereafter each 62506 room, in every tenement house, shall have at least one window opening directly upon the street, or upon an alley, yard or court, and the total area in each window, except for windows of bathrooms and watercloset compartments shall be at least one-eighth (1/s) of the superficial floor area of the room, but never less than fifteen square feet in area between the stop beads, and all the sash in each such window shall be so, made and maintained as to readily open said window to one-half its area. Each bathroom and each watercloset compartment shall have a window opening upon a street, alley, yard or court. Such a window shall have an area of at least three (3) square feet for each compartment between the stop beads, and the entire window shall be constructed so as to readily open. When, however, a bathroom or watercloset compartment on the top floor is lighted and ventilated by a skylight over it, no window shall be necessary, provided the roof of such skylight contains at least three (3) square feet of glazed surface and is so arranged as to readily open. Every watercloset compartment shall be provided with proper means of light as required by this ordinance. Ventilating Openings In Bed Rooms. Section One Hundred Eighty. Every bedroom in every lodging house, hereafter erected, in which there are gas fixtures or devices, or outlets for the attachment of such gas fixtures or devices, shall have ventilating openings at or near the ceiling, which opening shall have an unobstructed area of not less than one hundred (100) square inches, or such greater area as shall be determined by the building commissioner. These ventilating openings shall open into the public corridors of such house; and it shall be the duty of every keeper or proprietor of every public lodging house to see that the ventilating openings required by this section are kept open and unobstructed. All buildings hereafter altered, or converted to be used as lodging houses, shall be made to conform to the requirements of this section. Waterclosets In Tenement Houses. Section One Hundred Eightyone. In every tenement house hereafter erected or building converted to tenement house purposes there shall be, except as hereinafter provided, a separate watercloset for each apartment placed within the apartment or in a separate compartment with an area not less than two (2) feet, six (6) inches wide in the clear. Said compartment shall be enclosed with plastered partitions extending from the floor to the ceiling. But nothing in this section shall prevent a watercloset from being placed in a bath room or in a compartment adjoining a bath room, provided the said compartment has a window opening on a street, alley, yard or court or is connected with the bathroom by a window, containing not less than 62507 fifteen (15) square feet of surface, both sashes of which shall readily open. When, however, apartments consist of one or more rooms each, there may be one watercloset for each two compartments, provided the aggregate number of rooms in the two apartments does not exceed three, and provided further that the watercloset is between or adjacent to the apartments and is not separated from either of them by a public hallway, and is accessible to each of them without passing through a room or another apartment. Area of Lot Occupied. Section One Hundred Eighty-two. No tenement house alone or with other buildings hereafter erected shall occupy more than ninety (90) per cent of a corner lot, or more than sixty-five (65) per cent of any other lot; provided, that the space occupied by porches, landings and stairs shall be included in computing the space occupied by the building and that the - space occupied by outside fire escapes; projecting not more than four (4) feet shall not be deemed a part of the lot occupied. For the purpose of this section, the measurements shall be taken at the ground level, except that where any building has a store on the first story, and that story is or is intended to be occupied for business purposes only, the measurements as to percentage of lot occupied may be taken at the level of the second floor. Rear Yards. Section One Hundred Eighty-three. In the rear of every tenement house hereafter erected on an interior lot there shall be a yard not less than ten (10) feet in depth, extending across the entire width of the lot (unless the rear of such lot abuts upon a public alley at least fifteen (15) wide), and at every point open fromn the ground to the sky unobstructed, except that fire escapes may project not over four (4) feet from the rear line of the house. Every such yard shall be increased one per centum of the superficial area for every story above three (3) in height of the building. The depth of the yard behind every tenement house hereafter erected upon a corner lot shall be not less than five (5) feet in every part for the full width of the lot (unless the rear of such lot abuts upon a public alley at least fifteen (15) feet wide). Where a corner is more than fifty (50) feet in width the yard for that portion in excess of fifty (50) feet shall conform to the provisions for interior lots. If any building is hereafter placed on the same lot with a tenement house, the space between the said buildings shall always be of such size and arranged in such manner as is prescribed for yards in the rear of tenement houses, and no building of any kind shall be' hereafter placed upon the same lot with a tenement so as to decrease the minimum size of yards or courts as herein. prescribed. If any tenement house is hereafter erected upon any lot upon which there is already another building, it shall comply with 62508 .all of the provisions of this ordinance and in addition the space between the said building and the said tenement house, shall be of such size and arranged in such manner as is herein prescribed; provided, that the height of the highest building on the lot shall regulate the dimensions. Courts. Section One Iundred Eighty-four. All courts in connection with tenement houses hereafter erected unless otherwise hereinafter prescribed, shall be at every point open to the sky unobstructed; provided, that fire escapes projecting not more than four (4) feet shall not be deemed obstructions. The "Enclosed Courts" of all tenement houses hereafter erected shall have areas and minimum widths in all parts not less than the widths and areas, as follows: Two-story buildings, one hundred (100) square feet in area, least width, six (6) feet; three-story buildings, one hundred and twenty (120) square feet of area, least width, seven (7) feet; four-story buildings, one hundred and sixty (160) square feet of area, least width, eight (8) feet; five-story buildings, two hundred and fifty (250) square feet of area, least width twelve (12) feet; six-story buildings, four hundred (400) square feet or area, least width sixteen (16) feet. For every story of increase above six (6), the least width of enclosed courts shall be increased four (4) feet and the area shall be increased not less than one hundred (100) square feet. "Side Courts" shall have areas and minimum widths, as follows: Two-story buildings, sixty (60) square feet of area, least width, five (5) feet; three-story buildings, eighty (80) square feet of area, least width five (5) feet six (6) inches; four-story buildings, one hundred and twenty (120) square feet of area, least width, six (6) feet; five-story buildings, one hundred and sixty (160) square feet of area, least width seven (7) feet; six-story buildings, three hundred (300) square feet of area, least width eight (8) feet. For every story of increase above six (6), the least width of "Side Courts" shall be increased not less than one foot and the area not less than one hundred (100) square feet. "Outer Courts" shall not have less than the following widths for their minimum in all parts: Two-story buildings, least widths four (4) feet; three-story buildings, least widths four (4) feet six (6) inches; four-story buildings, least width five (5) feet; five-story buildings, least widths six (6) feet; six-story buildings, least widths seven (7) feet. For every story of increase above six (6) the least width of "Outer Courts" shall be increased not less than one foot and the area not less than one hundred (100) square feet. "Through Courts" shall have not less than the following widths 62509 for their minimum in all parts: Two-story buildings, least widths three (3) feet; three-story buildings, least widths four (4) feet; four-story buildings, least widths five (5) feet; five-story buildings, least widths six (6) feet; six-story buildings, least widths seven (7) feet. For every story of increase above six (6) the least width of "Through Courts" shall be increased not less than one foot and the area not less than one hundred (100) square feet. A "Shaft" shall be at every point open to the sky unobstructed, and all surrounding walls must be of brick walls of standard thickness. The least minimum width shall not be less than three (3) feet, and the area shall not be less than twenty-one and one-half (211/2) square feet. Where shafts are on the lot line they shall not extend below grade. If an "enclosed," "outer," "side," or "through court" or "shaft" has windows required by this act on opposite sides of same, the least widths and areas given above shall be doubled for the minimum widths and areas and where the depth of a court shall exceed twenty (20) feet, the court shall be made at least one foot wider for each additional ten (10) feet or major fraction thereof, over twenty (20) feet from the outer end of the court; provided, that where the depth of a "through court" shall exceed twenty (20) feet from the center line of any window required by this ordinance to the nearest end of said court, the width of such court shall be increased at least one foot for every additional ten (10) feet or major fraction thereof in excess of twenty (20) feet from the center line of any window to the nearest end of such court. All enclosed courts and shafts shall be properly graded, concreted, drained and connected with the sewer if a sewer is found in a street or alley adjoining such premises. At the botton of every inclosed court or shaft there shall be provided sufficient means of access to such court or 'shaft to enable it to be properly cleaned. Buildings Used for Theatrical or Operatic Purposes--Duties--Penalties. Section One Hundred Eighty-five. Every theater or opera house or other building now or hereafter used for theatrical or operatic purposes and having seating accommodation for one hundred (100) or more persons, and where such building shall have seating accommodation for spectators above the first or main floor thereof, shall comply with all the requirements of this section. All stairways shall have strong hand railings on both sides thereof, which railings shall be continuous across platforms and landings wherever possible. All doors shall open outwardly and be kept unfastened and unobstructed during every performance. The exit doors of all the- 62510 aters shall be provided with self-releasing latches, so arranged as to readily release the doors by pressure against them from the inside, to be approved by the building commissioner. All exits shall be plainly indicated by letters not less than four (4) inches in height, placed over every doorway or passageway leading to the outside of such building. Each exit shall at all times be kept free from curtains, portieres and other like obstructions, and shall be designated by a red light. Every, theater shall have an exit leading from the stage into the street or alley, not less than four (4) feet wide. There shall be a clear unobstructed passageway leading from the stage and all dressing rooms to such exit. All printed programmes shall have thereon, a separate plan or diagram of each floor and balcony of the building, indicating the location of all exits and passageways leading to the outside thereof. All seats, except those contained in boxes, shall be at least thirty (30) inches apart, measured from back to back, and shall be firmly secured to the floor. No seat shall have more than nine (9) seats between it and an aisle, and no stool or seat shall be placed in any aisle. In every such building as is mentioned in this Section, the proscenium opening shall be provided with a fireprooi curtain or a curtain of asbestos or similar fireproof material of a construction to be approved by the building commissioner. It shall be the duty of said building commissioner to inspect and test the construction and operation of such fireproof curtains on or about the first day of September and the first day of January of each year, and at such other intervals as shall, in his opinion, insure their maintenance in a good and efficient condition for the safety of the audience; said curtain shall cover the entire proscenium openings, and shall be operated with rings or snaps sliding on wire cables and constructed in a way to be approved by the building commissioner. Said fireproof curtain shall be lowered at the close of every performance, and shall be operated from the stage floor by proper devices for that purpose. It shall be so constructed that it can be lowered from the fly floors and the stage; it shall be hung on wire cable or metal supports to be approved by the building commissioner. All woodwork on the stage, fly-galleries and rigging-lofts shall be painted with fireproof paint or treated with an approved fireresisting material so as to be effectually rendered safe against fire. The curtains about the proscenium boxes, and all draperies, portieres and curtains within the auditorium or any aisles or corridors thereof shall be chemically treated to make them less inflammable. The frame or woodwork surrounding the canvas scenery used by the theatre shall be painted with fireproof paint and the reverse or 62511 back side of such canvas scenery shall be treated with an approved fire-resisting material. The use of scenery painted with oil is prohibited; the use of calcium lime lights, is likewise prohibited, except on the stage floor. Whenever the building commissioner shall be satisfied that in any theatrical or operatic performance an extra hazard of fire will exist by reason of the employment of large quantities of scenery, nets, ropes, lights, and other inflammable material, he shall order such scenery and lights arranged in such a manner as will reduce the hazard to a minimum degree. A practical water curtain shall be installed in every theatre, which shall be composed of stand pipes on each side of the proscenium arch, and a lateral pipe running horizontally over the arch, controlled by hand valves from either side of the stage and so arranged as to discharge a sheet of water back of the fireproof curtain. The proscenium walls and arches of all theatres, now in use, if built of wood, shall be lined with asbestos paper, covered with metal lath and plastered with cement plaster, or covered with sheet metal. All doors leading from stage to the auditorium shall be metal clad doors. All passageways, stairways and corridors throughout all theatres shall be supplied with a supplementary lighting system of electricity, gas or sperm oil, to be approved by the building commissioner, and such system shall be independent of all other lights in such buildings and shall be in operation during the entire time such theatre is open to the public and until the audience has left the building. All theatres shall be provided with standard fire alarm box, connected by the necessary wires with the headquarters of the city fire alarm telegraph; the same shall be in an accessible place in the stage, and shall be designated by a red light. The building commissioner and his respective assistants shall have the right to enter any theatre and any and all parts thereof at any reasonable time, especially when occupied by the public, in order to determine the existing conditions and discharge their respective duties; and it shall be unlawful for any person to refuse admission to such officers or throw obstacles in the way of such officers while engaged in the performance of their duties. There shall be no opening in the proscenium wall above the auditorium ceiling, and where this space is not now inclosed it shall be inclosed with metal lath and plaster or other approved fireproof materials. 62512 There shall be provided over the stage, metal skylights of a combined area equal to one-tenth (1/10) of the area of the stage, and glazed with glass not exceeding one-eighth (1/s) of an inch in thickness, and each'light thereof shall measure not less than three hundred (300) square inches; the whole of each such skylight shall be so constructed as to open instantly upon the cutting or burning of a cord fastened to the floor at the rear side of the stage, or the melting of a fusible link, which shall be arranged to hold such skylight closed, or some other equally simple approved device may be provided for their opening automatically in case of fire on the stage, and, as an extra precaution, shall be so arranged that they may be instantly thrown open by means of a strong wire cable reaching therefrom to the stage floor or by some equally effective device which may be approved by the building commissioner. All such skylights shall have securely suspended below the glass a strong wire netting constructed of wire, not 'less than number ten (10) gauge, and of a mesh not larger than one inch. In case where it is impracticable to construct such skylights as are herein described, it shall be permissible to provide, in lieu thereof, ventilating openings in the walls above the stage, at such locations and of such size and construction as shall be approved by the building commissioner; such ventilating openings shall be so arranged as to open in the same manner as skylights above the stage. Stand-pipe and Fire Apparatus. Section One Hundred Eightysix. In every building coming within the provisions of the preceding section there shall be provided stand-pipes, two and one-half inches in diameter and located, as follows: One on each side of the stage, and one on each side of the auditorium. Hose connections for these stand-pipes shall be provided on every tier and gallery level, as well as below the stage, and at least one in the property room, and one in the carpenter shop, if the same be contiguous to the building. These stand-pipes shall be kept clear from obstructions of any kind, and shall be separate and distinct, and each receive its supply of water direct from the water main. Each said stand-pipe shall be fitted with regulation couplings of the fire department, and shall be kept filled with water under pressure, and ready for immediate use during a performance in said building. Each stand-pipe shall be provided with hose of sufficient length fitted with regulation couplings and nozzle attached thereto, provided, further, that each hose shall have a wrench at each outlet, which shall always be kept attached to the hose attachment. There shall also be kept in proper position for immediate use on the stage, and each gallery, at least two barrels filled with water. Each barrel shall be provided with two buckets. Said barrels and buckets shall 62513 be painted red. There shall also be provided such other portable fire extinguishing apparatus as may be required by the building commissioner in accordance with this ordinance. On each tier or floor of the stage, there shall be kept at least two axes, two twentyfoot hooks, two fifteen-foot hooks, and two ten-foot hooks. Regulation of Lights. Section One Hundred Eighty-seven. Every part of a building used for the purposes mentioned in section one hundred eighty-five, and all outlets leading to the outside of each building including oepn courts and corridors, shall be well lighted during each performance and until the entire audience has left the premises. All gas and electric lights in the halls, corridors, lobby or any part of said building used by the audience, except the auditorium, shall be controlled by a separate shut-off, located in the front portion of the building and controlled only from that particular place. Gas mains supplying the building shall have independent connections for the auditorium and stage, and provisions shall be made for shutting off the gas from the outside of the building. All interior gas lights shall be lighted by electricty or other suitable appliances. All suspended or bracket lights surrounded by glass globes or shades in the auditorium or in any part of the building devoted to the public shall be provided with proper wire netting underneath. No gas or electric light shall be inserted in the wall, wood work, ceilings or in any part of the building, unless protected by fireproof materials. All lights in passages and corridors in said building shall be protected with proper wire network. Where gas footlights are used they shall be effectually guarded with wire network, and shall be protected with strong metal guards, not less than two (2) feet distant from said footlights, and the trough containing said footlights shall be formed of and surrounded by fireproof material. All border, ceiling or other lights on or over the stage shall be incandescent electric. All ducts or shafts used for conducting heated air from the main chandelier or from any other light or lights shall be constructed of fireproof materials. All lights on the stage side of the proscenium wall in dressing rooms, store rooms, and other places, other than incandescent electric lights, shall have strong metal wire guards or screens not less than ten (10) inches in diameter, so constructed that any material in contact therewith shall be out of reach of the flames of said lights, and shall be rigidly attached to the fixtures in all cases. Construction of New Theatres. Section One Hundred Eightyeight. Tvery theatre or opera house, or other building intended to be used for theatrical or operatic purposes, or for public entertainment of any kind, where stage scenery and apparatus are emnployed, hereafter erected, shall be built to comply with the requirements of 62514 this ordinance. No building which, at the time of the passage of this ordinance, was not in actual use for theatrical or operatic purposes, and no building, hereafter erected, not in conformity with the requirements of this ordinance, and having space for the accommiodation of one hundred (100) or more persons, and having seats for the accommodation of spectators above the first or main floor thereof, shall be used for theatrical or operatic purposes or for public entertainments of any kind, where stage scenery or apparatus are employed, until the same shall h-ave been made to conform to ,the requiremnents of this ordinance. If any change, alterations or improvements are made in the structural supports, or inclosures, or in any approches to or exits from, or in the seating of any existing building to be used wholly or in part for public entertainments in connection with which stage scenery or apparatus is used, such changes,, alterations or improvements shall be made in such manner as shall conform to the requirements of this ordinance, relating to new theatres. New, Theatres-Entrances and Exits-Other Regulations. Section One Hundred Eighty-nine. Every building such as is designated in section one hundred eighty-eight, of this ordinance, shall have at least one front on a street or alley and in such front there shall be suitable means of entrances and exits for the .audience as hereinafter provided. In addition to the aforesaid entrances and exits on the street or alley there shall be reserved for service in case of an emergency an open court or space on the side not bordering on the street or alley, where said building is located on a corner lot, and on both sides of said building where there is but one frontage on the street. The width of such open court or courts: shall not be less than seven (7) feet where the seating capacity is not over one thousand (1,000) people, nor less than eight (8) feet in width for a seating capacity above one thousand (1,000) people. Said court or courts shall begin on a line with or near the proscenium :wall, and shall extend the length of the auditorium proper, to or near the wall separating the same from the entrance, lobby or vestibule. A separate and distinct corridor or corridors shall continue to the street or alley from.each open court, through such superstructure as may be built on the street, or alley side of the .uditoevi . with continuous walls of brick or fire-proof materials on each side. The entire length of said corridor or corridors shall not be reduced in width, and the said width shall be in the clear of any projections in the walls of the same. The outer openings shall be provided- with doors or gates opening toward the street. During the performance, the doors or gates in the corridors shall be kept open. The said open courts -or corridors shall not be used for 62515 storage purposes or for any purpose whatsoever, except for exit and entrance from and to the auditorium and stage, and shall be kept The level of said corclear and free during performances. ridors at the front entrance to the building, shall not be greater than one step above the level of the sidewalk where they begin at the street or alley entrances. The entrance to the main front of the building shall not be on a higher level from the sidewalk than four (4) steps. To overcome any indifference of level which may exist between the exits from the parquet into courts and the level of the said corridors, inclined planes shall be employed where the gradients are not over one foot in ten (10) feet; in all other cases steps shall be employed. From the auditorium opening into the open court on the side street or alley, there shall not be less than one exit on each side in each tier from and including the parquet, and each and every gallery. Every exit shall be at least five (5) feet in width in the clear. All of said doors shall open outwardly, and must be fastened as prescribed in section one hundred ,eighty-five, of this ordinance. There shall be balconies not less than four (4). feet in width in the side court or courts at each level or tier above the parquet on each side of the auditorium, of sufficient length to, embrace the exits, and from said balconies there shall be staircases extending to the ground level, with a rise of not over eight and one-half inches to a step, and not less than nine-inch tread exclusive of the nosing. The staircases from the upper balcony to the next below shall not be less than three feet in width in the clear, and from the first balcony to the ground, four (4) feet in width in the clear, where the seating capacity of the auditorium is for one thousand people' or less, and increasing in width.at the rate of six inches for every increase in seating capacity of two hundred (200) or less. All of the before mentioned balconies and staircases shall be constructed of steel or t, including the floors, and of ample strength to susirdii roghou tai ithe :i0ad to be carried by them; they shall be covered with a metal ~ood or awning ; where one sidee of the building borders on th:e str eetor,alley there shall be balconies anid staircases of like capacity and kind as before mentioned, extending to the ground. When located on a corner lot, that portion of the premises bordering on the side street'and not required for the use of the theatre may be used for offices, stores and apartments, provided the walls separating this portion from the theatre proper are carried up solidly to and through the roof, and that a fire-proof exit is provided for the theatre. on each tier, equal to the combined exits opening on opposite sides of each tier, communicating with balconies and staircases leading to the street or alley in such manner as provided elsewhere in this section; said exit passage shalhl be entirely cut off by 62516 brick walls from said offices, stores or apartments, and the floors anid ceilings in each tier shall be fire-proof. Nothing herein contained shall prevent a roof garden, art gallery, or rooms being placed above a theatre or public building provided the floors of the same forming a roof over such theatre or building shall be constructed of iron or steel and fire-proof materials, and that each floor shall have no covering boards or sleepers of wood, but be of tile or Cement. Every roof over said garden or rooms shall have all supports and rafters of iron or steel, and be covered with glass or fire-proof material, or both. Such roof' gardens, art galleries or rooms shall have exits of widths proportioned to their seating capacity as herein provided for theatres. New Theatres--Interior Construction-Section / One Hundred Ninety. The moulded frame around the proscenium opening shall be formed entirely of fire-proof material. If metal be used, the metal shall be filled in solid with non-combustible material and securely anchored to the wall. The proscenium opening shall be provided with a fire-proof asbestos curtain as is provided in section one hundred eighty-fivye. The proscenium' curtains shall be placed at least three feet distant from the footlights at the nearest point. All doorways or openings through the proscenium wall from the auditorium, in every tier, shall have standard fire doors on each face of the wall; and the doors hung so as to be opened from either side at all times. There shall be no openings in the proscenium fire walls above the level of the auditorium ceiling. Direct access to these doors shall be provided on both sides, and the same shall always be kept free from obstruction. Iron ladders securely fixed to the wall, on the stage side, shall be provided to overcome any difference of level existing between the floor or galleries on the stage side of the fire wall and those of the side of the auditorium. There shall be over the stage metal skylights, as provided in section one hundred eighty-five. All that portion of the stage not occupied in the working of scenery, traps or other mechanical apparatus for the presentation of the scene, usually equal to the width of the proscenium opening shall be built of iron or steel beams, filled in between with fire-proof materials, and all, girders for the support of said beams shall be of7 wrought iron or rolled steel. The fly galleries entire, including floor and pin rails, :shall be constructed of incombustible material, and no wooden boards or sleepers shall be used as a covering over beams, but the floor shall.be entirely fireproof, the rigging loft shall"b constructed of incombustible material, inclyding the floor covering the same. All wood work,on and above the stage and stage scenery shall be treated to become fire-resisting as prescribed in section one hun- '(3) 62517 dred eighty-five, of this ordinance. The roof over the.auditorium and' the entire main floor of the auditorium and vestibule, also the entire floor of the second floor of the front superstructure, over the entrance lobby and corridors, and all galleries in the auditorium shall be constructed of iron or steel and fire-proof material, not including the use of wooden floor boards, and the necessary sleepers to fasten the same to, but such sleepers shall not be timbers of support. The front of each gallery shall be formed of fireproof material. The ceiling of the auditorium shall be formed of fireproof material. All lathing, wherever used, shall be of metal. The partitions in that portion of the building which contains the auditorium, the entrance vestibule, and every room and passage devoted to the use 'pf the audience, shall be constructed of fireproof material including the furring of outside or other walls. None of the walls or ceilings shall be covered with wood sheathing, canvas or other combustible materials; but this shall not exclude the use of wood wainscoating to a height not to exceed six (6) feet. The walls separating the actors' dressing room from the stage and the partition dividing the dressing room, together with the partitions of every passageway, from the same to the stage, shall be constructed of fireproof material; all doors in any of said partitions shall be standard fire doors. All the shelving and cupboards in each and every dressing room, property room, or other storage rooms, shall be constructed of metal, slate or fireproof materials. Dressing rooms may be placed in fly galleries, provided that proper exits are secured therefrom to fire escapes in the open courts and that 'the partitions and other matters pertaining to dressing rooms shall con-. form to the requirements herein contained, but the stairs leading to same shall be fireproofed. New Theaters, Interior Fire Walls. Section One Hundred Ninetyone. Interior walls built of fireproof material shall separate the auditorium from the entrance vestibule, and from any room or rooms over the same; also from any lobbies, corridors, refreshment or other rooms. The openings in walls to all staircases shall be the full width of said staircases. New Theatres-Proscenium Wall and Openings. Section One Hundred Ninety-two. A fire wall built of brick, and of the thickness as provided in this ordinance for Walls of buildings of the first class, shall separate the auditorium from the stage, and the same shall extend at least four (4) feet above the stage roof or the auditorium roof, if the latter be the higher, and shall be coped. Above the proscenium opening there shall be an iron.girder covered with fireproof material. Should there be constructed an orchestra over the stage above the proscenium the said orchestra shall be placed 62518 on the auditorium side of the wall. New Theatres-Work Shops, Storage and Property Rooms. Section One IHundred Ninety-three. Hereafter no workshop, storage or general property room shall be constructed above the auditorium or stage, or under the same, or in any of the fly galleries. All of said rooms or shops may be located in the rear or at the side of the stage, but in such cases they shall be separated from the stage by a brick wall, and the openings leading into said portion shall have standard fireproof doors on each side of the openings, hung to iron eyes built, in ,the wall. No store room or rooms contained in a theatre building, or the offices, stores or apartments adjoining as aforesaid, shall be let or used for carrying on any business or dealing in any articles commonly known as specially hazardous, New Theatres-Aisles, Doors and Passages. Section One Hundred Ninety-four. All seats in the auditorium, excepting those contained in boxes, shall be firmly secured to the floor, and no seat in the auditorium shall have more than nine (9) seats between it and an aisle on either side, and no stool or seat shall be placed 'inany aisle. All platforms in galleries formed to receive the seats shall not be more than twenty-one (21) inches in height or riser, nor less than thirty (30) inches, width of platform. All aisles on the respective floors of the auditorium having seats on both sides of same, shall not be less than two (2) feet six (6) inches wide where they begin, and shall be increased in width towards the exits in the ratio of two (2) inches to five (5) running feet. There shall be an aisle three (3) feet wide on each side of the auditorium, along the exterior wall thereof, extending from the stage to the foyer. The aggregate capacity of the foyers, lobbies, corridors, passages and rooms for the use of the audience, not including the aisle space between seats, shall, on, each gallery or floor, be sufficient to contain one-fourth (1/4) of the entire number to be accommodated on said floor or gallery, in the ratio of one hundred and fifty (150) superficial feet of floor room for every one hundred persons. Gradients or inclined planes shall be employed instead of steps, where possible, to overcome slight difference of level, in or between aisles, corridors and passages, but no such gradient shall exceed a rise of more than one foot in ten. Every theatre, such as is mnentioned in section one hundred eighty-eight, shall have at least two (2) exits; these exits not referring to or including the exits to the open courts at the side of the theatre. Doorways of exit or entrance for the use of the public shall not be less than five (5) in width, and for every additional one hundred persons or portions thereof above three hundred accommodated, an aggregate of twenty (20) inches additional exit width must be allowed. All doors .feet 62519 of exit or entrance shall open outwardly, and be hung to swing in such a manner as not to become an obstruction in a passage or corridor; and no such doors shall be closed or locked during any representation, or when the building is open to the public. Distinct and separate places of exit and entrance shall be provided for each gallery above the first. A common place of exit or entrance may serve for the main floor of the auditorium and the first gallery, provided, its capacity be equal to the aggregate capacity of the outlets from the main floor and the said gallery. No passage leading to any stairway conmmnunicating with any entrance or exit shall be less than four (4) feet in width in any part thereof. New Theatres-Stairways. Section One Hundred Ninety-five. All stairs within the building'shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout. Stairways serving for exit of one hundred people, must, if straight, be at least four (4) feet wide between railings, and, if curved or winding, five (5) feet wide, and for every additional hundred people to be accommodated six (6) inches must be added to their width. In no case shall the risers of any inside stairs exceed seven and one-half (71/2) inches in height, nor shall the treads, exclusive of nosings, be less than ten and one-half (101/2) inches wide in straight stairs. In circular or winding stairs the width of the tread at the narrowest end shall not be less than seven (7) inches. Where the seating capacity is for more than one thousand people there shall be at least two independent staircases, with direct exterior outlet provided for each gallery in the auditorium where there are not more than two galleries, and the same shall be located on opposite sides of said gallery. W:here there are more than two galleries one or more additional staircases shall be provided, the outlets from which shall communicate directly with the 'principal exit or other exterior outlet. All said staircases shall be "of width proportioned to the seating capacity as elsewhere herein prescribed. Where the seating- capacity is for one thousand people or less two direct lines of inside staircases only shall be required, located on opposite sides of the galleries and in both cases shall extend from the sidewalk level to the upper gallery, with outlets from each gallery to each side of said staircases. At least two .independent inside staircases, with direct exterior outlets, shall also be provided- for the service of the stage, and shall 'be located on opposite sides of the same. Where straight stairs return direetly on themselves a landing of the full width of both flights, without any steps, shall be provided. Stairs turning an eagle shall have a proper landing without winders introduced in said turns. In stairs when two side flights connect with one main flight no winders shall be introduced, and with width of the main flights shall be 62520 at least equal to the aggregate width of the side flights. Circular or winding stairs shall have proper landings, introduced at convenient distances. All staircases shall have strong hand rails on both sides and on platforms and landings where the same is less than the width of the stairs. If walls are used for the partial or entire support or inclosure of stairs, such walls are to be built of incombustible materials. New Theatres-Locations of Boilers. Section One Hundred Ninety:six. Every steam boiler which may be required for heating or other purposes shall be located outside of the building, and the space allotted to the same shall be inclosed by walls of masonry on all sides, and the ceiling of such space shall be constructed of fireproof material. All doorways in said walls shall have standard fire doors. New Theatres-Registers and Radiators. Section One Hundred Ninety-seven. No floor register for heating shall be permitted. No coil or radiator shall be placed in any aisle or passageway used as an exit, in such manner as shall form an obstruction in said passageway or exit. All supply, return or exhaust pipes shall be properly encased and protected where passing through floors or near wood work, as required in section one hundred forty-two, of this ordinance. Stand-pipes and Fire Apparatus. Section One Hundred Ninetyeight. Every building such as is mentioned in section one hundred eighty-eight, shall have stand-pipes, hose and fire apparatus as required in section one hundred eighty-six. Nothing contained in section one hundred eighty-eight, and following sections pertaining to new theaters shall be construed as relieving them in any wise from any of the obligations imposed by sections one hundred eighty-five, one hundred eighty-six and one hundred eighty-seven, of this ordinance. Department of Buildings to Have Control in Every Theater-Certificate to'be Posted-Penalty for Failure. Section One Hundred Ninety-nine. The stand-pipes, gas pipes, electric wiring, hose, footlights, and all apparatus for the extinguishing of or guarding against fire in every theater, shall be in charge of and under the control of the division of building and inspection, and the building commissioner is hereby directed to see that the provisions of this ordinance in respect thereto are carried out and enforced; and for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this ordinance, the building commissioner shall make not less than two inspections each year of all the theater buildings, and shall render his certificate, fully setting forth the conditions of said building, and whether the provisions contained in this ordinance have been fully com- 62521 plied with. It shall be the duty of any manager, owner, lessee or keeper of any theater whose place is open to public business to post such certificate of the building commissioner, or a true copy thereof inthe lobby and auditorium of said theater. Any failure to comply with the provisions of this section is hereby declared to be a misdemizeanor and on conviction thereof such persons shall be fined a sum not less than five dollars nor more than one hundred dollars. New Theatrical Buildings Must First be Approved by Building Commissioner. No License Until Certificate be Given. Hearing to be Had Whether Article Complied with Proceedings-Revocation of Permit by License Collector--Reinstatement-Section Two hundred. No building shall hereafter be erected, or altered, or be opened to the public, or used for theatrical or operatic purposes, or for public entertainments of any kind where stage scenery or apparatus are employed, until the building commissioner shall have approved the same in writing as conforming to the requirements of this ordinance so far as applicable to such buildings, and .the license collector of the city of St. Louis shall not issue any, license for any theater to be conducted in such building until a certificate in writing of approval, as aforesaid, shall have been given by the building commissioner. If, upon inspection, of any theater building, public hall or place of public amusement, as provided in sections one hundred ninety-nine and two hundred, the building commissioner shall find that any of the provisions contained in this ordinance have not been fully complied with, he shall serve a written notice on the manager, lessee, proprietor, owner or keeper of such theater, public hall or place of public amusement, stating in what respect the provisions of this ordinance have not been complied with and naming a 'time when such manager, lessee, owner, proprietor or keeper may appear before him and show cause why a certificate as provided for in section one hundred ninety-nine, should be issued. Upon such hearing, the building commissioner shall issue his certificate in case he finds that all of the provisions of this ordinance have been connlied with. Otherwise, he shall refuse to issue the same and shall revoke any certificate that may have heretofore been issued. Upon revocation of such certificate or upon refusal to issue a new one, as the case may be, it shall be the duty of the building commissioner to immediately notify the license collector .of that fact and the, license collector shall thereupon revoke the license, if any, theretofore issued by him to such manager, lessee, owner, proprietor, or keeper of such theater, public hall or place of amusement, provided, however, that upon a new certificate being issued by the building commissioner stating that all the provisions of this ordinance have been complied with by such manager, lessee, owner, 62522 proprietor or keeper, the license collector shall reinstate such revoked license. Erection of Booths, Changes in Floor Space, Aisle Space or Passageways. Not to be Made Without the Permission of the Building Commissioner. Section Two Hundred One. It shall hereafter be unlawful for any owner, proprietor, lessee, or manager of any theater, opera-house, picture show exhibition room, convention hall, or any other building. where the public congregate for amusement or public entertainment, to erect or install any booth or to make any changes in the floor space, platforms, stages, aisles, seats, stairways, passageways, exits of any kind, or in any other part of the interior of such building used in connection with the stage or used or occupied in whole or in part by the public, without first having had an inspection by and the written permission of the division of building and inspection. Any person coming within the provisions of this section who shall violate any of the provisions hereof shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than twenty-five (25) nor more than three hundred dollars, and each day that such violation is permitted to exist shall constitute a separate offense. Penalty. Section Two Hundred Two. Any manager, lessee, owner or keeper of any theater, public hall or place of public amusement, carrying on the business of theatricals, or keeping a place of public amusement of any kind, liable to pay a license for such business, under any ordinances of the city of St. Louis, and carrying on said business without first having furnished said certificate from the building commissioner and obtained a license therefor or shall carry on said business after the revocation of his license, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof be fined in a sum not less than 'twenty-five dollars nor exceeding one hundred dollars. Same Penalty. Section Two Hundred Three. Any manager, lessee, owner, keeper, or trustee of any theater, hall or place of amusement or instruction, or assemblage, or worship, or wherever people congregate, who shall violate, or fail or neglect to comply with any of the provisions of this ordinance relating to same, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than five nor more than five hundred dollars. The Removal or Securing df Unsafe Buildings-ondemnationNotice-Cost, How Paid. Section Two Hundred Four. Whenever the building commissioner shall be informed that any building or part thereof, or any other structure in the nature of a building, o~r any retaining wall, fence wall, tower, or smoke stack in the city of St. Louis, is in a condition such as to endanger the lives of 62523 persons or likely to cause immediate injury to any other property, or if the situation of any building, or wall by reason of the making of an excavation on that or an adjoining lot, shall become such as to endanger the lives of persons, or if any building, wall or other structure be permitted by the owner thereof to become in such a dilapidated condition as to constitute a serious fire hazard and-liable to cause immediate injury to any adjoining property, he shall at once inspect or cause an inspection or examination to be made of such building, wall, tower or smioke stack and a written report of such finding shall be filed in said office. The building- commissioner shall at once notify the owner or owners in writing, as provided by section two hundred five, of this ordinance, of the condition of such building, wall, tower, or smoke stack and shall command lie or they to have same removed or otherwise properly secured three days next thereafter, and if such owner or owners fail to either remove or properly secure such building, wall, tower, smoke stack or other structure within the said time, and in such a manner as under this ordinance can be approved by the building commissioner, he shall forthwith proceed to have. the same secured so as to render it safe, unless in his judgment the same cannot be reasonably secured or rendered safe, in which case, he shall at once demolish or remove same, or such part thereof, as may be necessary. The cost of securing said building or other structure or demolishing same, or any part thereof, by the building commissioner, shall be+paid in the first place by the City of St. Louis, out of a contingent fund for which there shall be made an annual appropriation of not less than five thousand dollars for the purpose herein designated. The comptroller, upon a receipt of the building commissioner of the amount expended by him for the securing or demolishing of any such building, wall, tower, smoke stack or other structure, which certificate shall be approved by the mayor, shall then make out bills for said work, against the owner or owners of said building or other structure. In case said bills are not paid upon presentation they shall be placed in the hands of the city counselor, who shall proceed to collect same, by suit if necessary, and the amounts when collected shall be credited to said contingent fund. Every such owner or owners after being notified as herein provided, who shall fail to remove or otherwise properly secure any building, wall, tower, smoke stack or other structure as hereinbefore provided for, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than twenty-five nor more than five hundred dollars. Notice. How Served. Section Two Hundred Five. The notice of the owner of the building or structure found to be dangerous by the 62524 building commissioner, as provided in section two hundred four, shall be directed to the owner or owners of such buildings or other structures by name, if known; if not known, then under the designation of the owner or owners of the building or structure designating it, and shall be served in any one of the following ways: First.-By causing said notice to be delivered: to such owner, either in the city of St. Louis, or elsewhere. Or, Second, by posting a copy of such notice upon the building or other structure, said notice to be deemed served at the end of twenty-four hours after the posting thereof. Or, Third, by mailing such notice, or copy thereof enclosed in a sealed envelope, postage prepaid, directed to such owner, either at his place of business or residence address in this city or elsewhere, said notice to be deemed served twenty-four hours after the mailing of said notice, in case, it is directed to the business or residence address of the owner in the city of St. Louis. Provided, that if the said owner or owners be non-residents of the city of St. Louis, and have no business addresses or offices in the city of St. Louis, then the said notice shall be deemed served at the end of such period after the mailing thereof, as in the ordinary course of transmission of the mails by the United States Government would be required for the receipt of said notice by the owner or owners at their place of residence or business. Or, Fourth, by publication in the newspapers doing the city printing, said notice to be deemed served twenty-four hours after publication. In case such building or other structure is in the occupancy of a tenant or tenants, in addition to the above notice, it shall be the duty of the building commissioner to post a copy of such notice upon such building. Every person who shall prevent or attempt to prevent the building commissioner, or any other employee of the city of St. Louis from posting such notices on such building or other structure, or shall remove said notice or mutilate it or deface it, within four days next after the same is posted, unless in the meantime such building or other structure shall have been put in a safe condition or been demolished, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than twenty-five: nor more than five hundred dollars.. Owner or Agent Prohibited from Renting or Leasing, MVisdemeanor, Penalty. Section Two Hundred Six. No owner, or agent of the owner, of any building or other structure shall after notice from building commissioner, that such building is unsafe or dangerous, rent or lease the same or any part thereof, or collect any rent there- 62525 for, until such building shall be placed in a safe and secure condition. Every owner, ,or the agent of the owner of such building, who shall violate any of the provisions of this section,. shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than tweity-five nor more than five hundred dollars. Costs, How Paid, Lien on Property of Delinquent Owner-Violation, Misdemeanor-Penalty., Section Two Hundred Seven. The building commissioner shall have power to require all persons to correct, remove, or abate any'state of things done, caused or permitted by them in violation of this ordinance; and he shall, upon a failure to complywith the requirements- of this ordinance, when the public interest may so require, correct, remove or abate the such' cases shall be same and all costs attending such section in, paid froin the contingent fund, as provided in section two hundred four, and then collected from the party offending as therein provided, and the same shall also be a lien against the property whereon such violation was permitted to exist, to be collected as provided by .a.w for .liens in such cases; and any person, firm or cor:poration, who shall refuse or neglect to comply with the provisions of this section, or who shall violate any of the provisions thereof, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be subject to. tlhe penalty as provided in section two hundred nine. Duties of Police. Section Two Hundred Eight. It shall be the duty of the chief of- police of the city of St. Louis, to report to the division of building and inspection any violation of the provisions of this. ordinance occurring upon the beats of patrolmen. Penalty' Where None Other Provided. Section Two Hundred Nine. Anyperson who shall violate any provision of this ordinance, for which no specific penalty is provided, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than five; nor more than five hundred dollars. Ordinance Not Retroactive. Section Two Hundred Ten. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to prevent the completion of .any building operations (for which a permit shall have been issued orior to the approval of this ordinance, or within thirty days next, immediately after the approval thereof) in accordance with the terms of the ordinance in force at the time of the issuance of such permit. Section Two Hundred Eleven. Any person, firm or corporation, or the agent or serrant thereof, who shall refuse, prevent or attempt to prevent the Building Commissioner or his duly authorized agent from- entering, at all reasonable hours, -any.building or premises for the purpose of inspecting any part thereof, shall be 62526 deemed guilty of .a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than twenty-five nor more than five hundred dollars. Approved March 23d, 1917. 30112 62527 This book is a preservation facsimile produced for the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. It is made in compliance with copyright law and produced on acid-free archival 60# book weight paper which meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper). Preservation facsimile printing and binding by Northern Micrographics Brookhaven Bindery La Crosse, Wisconsin 2012