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A HISTORY

OF THE

American Entomological Society
PHILADELPHIA

1859-1909

PREPARED BY REQUEST OF THE SOCIETY BY

E. T. Cresson
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE

Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D.

PHILADELPHIA, PA,

CONTENTS.

Introduction

...............

5

..............................

11

History of Society, 1859-1909................
Proceedings of Fiftieth Anniversary.............................
Collections of Society....

............

..........

47

..........................
.............

Names and Terms of Officers.............
List of Members...

...........................

.............

Act of Incorporation.......

........

35
..... 43

Library of Society ....................................
Appendix ..................

29

....................

49
57
59

INT7ODUCTION
BY THE

Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D.

INTRODUCTION

PHILADELPHIA is the birthplace not only of national independence and constitutional law and liberty, but of a number
of other good things, because of which our country is a far
better land to live in. Among these, not the least valuable is the
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

It seems hardly credible, in view of present conditions,
that fifty-two years ago the New World had no society devoted
wholly to the study of insects. Such is the vast importance to
human industries and health and life, as developed by modern
research, of these tiny creatures who jointly occupy the earth
with us, that one must stop and reflect in order to assure himself that half a century ago their relations to man and his
interests were here substantially unknown, and certainly were
not understood.
Yet so it was, on February 14, A. D. 1859, when three
students of insects met in the house of Mr. Ezra T. Cresson,
in Philadelphia, and resolved to organize a society whose
object should be the advancement of entomological science.
In a few days (February 22) they brought together in the
same place a small group of kindred spirits and fairly launched
the Entomological Society of Philadelphia.
The sea of knowledge and discovery in natural science
upon which their frail bark thus ventured forth was vast beyond even the conceptions of these far-seeing men. Yet some
glimpses of the truth soon came to them, for they early discovered that their work in its outreach was far beyond mere
local circles. Therefore, on the eighth anniversary of their
organization, they changed its name to THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, thus giving it a continental title.
This

name it has borne so long that the very memory of its original
local title has almost ceased from among men.

It is the history of this Society that one of its now venerable and most distinguished founders has consented to give to
his fellow workers, from the records and from his personal
recollections of an institution in whose progress and success
he has been so large a factor.
One who reviews this history will be struck at once by
a characteristic of the Society's founders which-if one may
coin a word-is peculiarly Franklinesque. That is, they were
marked by simplicity, independence, earnestness, practical good
sense, economy, and a foresight almost prophetic.
For example, these pioneers, discerning clearly the importance of the work to which they had set themselves, and
the need of, an organ of communication with entomologists
elsewhere, began almost immediately the publication of a
journal of their proceedings. The lack of income, and of
state aid and patronage, did not deter them. Indeed, it did
not even occur to them to appeal to city, state or nation for
help. They purchased fonts of type and a hand press, and
set up and printed off, by their own labor out of business
hours, as well as wrote and edited, their discoveries, descriptions and reflections thereon.
Here again the spirit of Franklin animated them, and
they became the independent and voluntary pioneers of that
vast library of scientific and systematic entomology which has
grown up around the various scientific institutions of America.
The prophetic impulses of these founders, which are characteristic of most pioneers of great movements, were further
shown by starting in 1865 a publication known as The Practical Entomologist. The value to the farmer, forester, orchardist, gardener and florist of a practical knowledge of insect life,
was foreseen by these wise men. Their venture was not
appreciated by those for whom it was intended, for the times
were not ripe, and it had to be suspended. But to them belongs the credit of being the pioneers of that immensely distributed work of the Agricultural Department of the United
States, which has commanded the admiration of the civilized
world, and is now heartily approved and sustained by the
people of America. It is from this standpoint that the

founders of the AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY are
entitled to a place among the philanthropists whose work has
largely benefited the nation.
The unpretentious history which follows has been prepared by one of the three original founders of the Society,
EZRA T. CRESSON, whose fame as a systematic entomologist is
world-wide. That fame is written in permanent characters
upon the thousands of descriptive names of species which
stand to his credit, an imperishable monument, as long as men
shall be interested in the insect world.
Happily, this eminent scientific naturalist is still among
us in the flesh, honored for his attainments by those who know
him best, and beloved by all for his modesty, amiability and
unselfish devotion to entomology, and helpfulness of his
fellow-workers therein. He is an almost unique example of
enthusiastic consecration, throughout a long life, to pure entomological science, unsustained by those public rewards and
honors which have come to many of his associates, far less
worthy than he.
He may look back to-day with just satisfaction and honest
pride upon the mighty work which, under a favoring Providence, he was largely instrumental in establishing. And his
friends and fellow workers gladly take this occasion to greet
him with loyal affection and reverence, and offer him their
congratulations, with the wish that there may remain for him
yet many happy and useful years.
HENRY C. MCCOOK.

February 14, A. D. 1911.

HISTOR Y
OF THE

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
BY

E. T. Cresson.

HISTORY
OF THE.

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

PRELIMINARY MEETING.
On February 14, 1859, James Ridings, George Newman
and Ezra T. Cresson met together at the residence of the
latter, No. 728 Erie street, Philadelphia, with the view of
forming a society "whose object shall be the advancement of
entomological science, by ascertaining the name, locality and
habits of insects found within the United States of
America."
After discussing the matter thoroughly, they decided to
invite to the house on the evening of the 22d of the same
month, such of their acquaintances as were interested in the
study, and who would likely become members. In accordance therewith invitations were sent to sixteen persons to
attend.
The following is a copy of the invitation sent to Henry
Feldman, and presented to the Society by his grandson, Henry
W. Wenzel:
Philadelphia, February 15, 1859.
MR. FELDMAN.

DEAR SIR: A meeting to form a Society for the purpose of ascertaining the Locality, Habits, etc., of Insects taken within the United
States, will be held at the residence of E. T. Cresson, 728 Erie street,
first door above Fitzwater, west side, between Tenth and Eleventh
streets, on Tuesday evening next, 22d, at 7 o'clock.
You are requested to attend.
JAMES RIDINGS,
GEO. NEWMAN,

E. T. CRESSON,

14

ORGANIZATION MEETINGS.
On February 22, 1859, the meeting was held with the
following fifteen persons present:
Dr. Thomas B. Wilson
Robert Jack
James Ridings
Thomas B. Ashton
George Newman
Charles Wilt
E. T. Cresson
Louis Schneider

James H. B. Bland
William Wolter
James W. McAllister
Henry Feldman
George Hill
Thomas Cox
John Pearsall

All of whom, as far as we know, have passed away
except three-James H. B. Bland, J. W. McAllister and E.
T. Cresson.
George Newman acted as Chairman, and E. T. Cresson
as Secretary.
The Chairman explained that there was no established
Society in America devoted entirely to the study of insects,
and those who felt an interest in that branch of Natural History needed the help and encouragement that would be afforded
each other by meeting together from time to time for mutual
improvement and advancement in that most fascinating study,
and he urged those present "to co-operate and assist in the
formation of a Society for the attainment of such laudable
ends."
After a full discussion of the subject, it was unanimously
resolved to form such a Society, and a pledge requiring the
acceptance of those desirous of becoming members was signed
by all present, and a committee appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws and propose a suitable name for the new
Society.
The committee made a full report at a meeting held
March 1, 1859, and suggested the name of "The Entomological
Society of Philadelphia," which report was adopted.
Four persons, viz: Dr. John L. Le Conte, William S.
Wood, Charles J. Wood and John Meichel were present who

15
did not attend the previous meeting, and they became members
by signing the obligation.
Nominations for officers were made to be voted for at
the next meeting, after which Dr. Le Conte offered the use
of his study in his residence, No. 1325 Spruce street, for the
meetings of the Society until other arrangements could be
made, which was accepted.
At the next meeting, March 14, held at the house of Dr.
Le Conte, Baron Osten Sacken was present as a visitor, and
the following officers were elected to serve for the balance
of the year:
President, Dr. John L. Le Conte.
Vice-President, James Ridings.
Secretary, E. T. Cresson.
Treasurer, Charles Wilt.
The first written communication made was by James W.
McAllister in regard to Monocrepidius auritus, a coleopterous
insect of the family Elateridae.
The first verbal communication was made by James Ridings, stating that in the early part of the month (March) he
found forty-five specimens of Dacne fasciata in an old rotten
stump in a wood near Gray's Ferry.
The President announced that Dr. Brackenridge Clemens,
of Easton, Pa., was engaged in the preparation of a Monograph of the Sphinges of North America, and any information in reference to that family and the geographical distribution, would be very acceptable.
The first correspondent elected was Baron R. Osten
Sacken, and the first two members elected, in accordance with
the by-laws, were Henry Ulke and William Wenzel.

The attendance of members at the meetings, not being
what was thought it should be, a committee was appointed to
look for another meeting room, who reported that one had
been found in the third story of Druid's ,Hall, S. E. corner of
Market and Thirteenth streets. Dr. Le Conte expressed much

16
regret at the step taken, and hoped the members would continue to make use of his study as the place of meeting.
Mr. Newman spoke at length in favor of removal, stating
that it was advisable; that many members felt a hesitancy
about coming into a private residence, feeling as though they
were intruding; whereas, if the Society met in a room rented
for the purpose, they would feel that, having borne their proportionate share, of expense, they had a right to come in and
attend the meetings. On behalf of the members he sincerely
thanked Dr. Le Conte for the great amount of labor he had
thus far bestowed upon the Society' he knew the members
all appreciated his efforts to aid them in naming specimens,
and he, for one, would ever feel grateful for the help he had
received individually.
After discussion, the report was finally accepted, and the
committee instructed to have the new room prepared for the
next meeting, July 13, and the meetings continued to be held
at the same'place for about six months.
No library or cabinet for the Society were yet resolved
upon.
At a meeting held August 8, 1859, Mr. Newman stated
that specimens of several species of Catocala could be taken
abundantly on tree trunks on the Lansdowne property, west
of the Schuylkill.
Mr. Bland urged upon the members the importance of
bringing specimens of. insects to the meetings for exhibition
and examination, as it would increase interest in the study;
and -do much toward accomplishing the object of the Society.
Mr. Ulke stated that he had recently returned from
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and
while there had observed in general that the fauna of those
countries did not differ much from that of Canada. He had
found while there a pew and. very remarkable species of
Blethisa and also specimens of an Aphodius which did not
appear to differ from the European A. fossor.
The subject came up for discussion as to who was entitled to the credit of newly discovered insects, those .who

p

C-

17
discovered them, or those who name and describe them?
After much consideration the former were deemed the proper
ones to receive the credit due. The subject was more fully
discussed at several subsequent meetings, and finally culminated in a motion made that all newly discovered insects
be recorded in a book to be kept for the purpose, and when
described, the Society to receive the credit of the discovery;
which motion, after a lengthy discussion, was laid upon the
table, and there it has remained.
This result, however, brought up the subject of the formation of a general collection of insects for the use of the
members of the Society, which was finally decided upon at a
meeting held November 28, 1859, and a committee appointed
to obtain suitable cabinets for the reception of such specimens
as may be obtained, and to draft rules and regulations for
governing the collections. The necessary funds were promptly contributed, and the cabinets made by one of the members,
James Ridings, and are still in use by the Society. The care
of the collections was given to committees on the several
orders, and who were made responsible for the specimens
committed to their charge.
On December 12, 1859 it was resolved to establish a
library of entomological literature for the use of the members, and a committee appointed to take charge of such books
and pamphlets as may be contributed.

With these additions the room at Druid's Hall was found
to be entirely inadequate and a'larger one necessary to accommodate the cabinet of insects, and the library of books, and
space in which to hold the meetings. A committee was, therefore, appointed to take the matter in hand and report without
delay.
Accommodations were soon found in a spacious
unused room in the house of Charles Wilt, one of the Society's
most active members, at Nos. 1308 and 1310 South street,
where, in a large second story front room the first meeting
was held January 9, 1860. The committee was authorized
not only to procure a suitable room, but also to furnish it

18
and obtain cases for the collections and library. The room
was obtained through the kindness of Mr. Wilt, and given to
the Society free of rent for twd years or more. The cost of
furnishing the room, and the making of cases and boxes for
the collections, amounted to $259.11. Dr. Wilson handed in
a check for $200, the balance being contributed by several
other members: James ,Ridings, part of the carpenter work;
George Newman, the painting, graining and varnishing;
Robert Jack, the hardware; Charles Wilt, the hauling of material, etc., and E. T. Cresson, the window shades. For these
contributions' special resolutions of thanks were adopted.
The first contribution made to the cabinet of the Society
was by Dr. Wilson of 100 species of Coleoptera taken in the
Rocky Mountain region, and to the library by Dr. S. S. Haldeman, of a copy of Melsheimer's Catalogue of the Coleoptera
of North America.
Louis Schneider presented the Society with h handsome
gavel for use by the Chairman of the meetings, and is the
same now in use.
At the meeting held February 13, 1860, E. T. Cresson presented his entire collection of Coleoptera, with the statement
that it was his intention to present also such additional specimens as he should collect from time to time and also to exert
himself as much as possible for the good of the Society.
In the minutes of the meeting of February 27, 1860, we
find the following entry: "This being the anniversary of the
organization of the Society, Mr. Newman made some appropriate remarks thereon, dwelling at some length upon the
extraordinary success during the short time it has been in
existence, and urged the members to renewed exertions for
still greater advancement."
At the meeting held February 25, 1861, one of the members, John Meichel, made the offer that if the Society would
furnish a hand printing press and equipment, he would attend
to the composition and presswork, thereby enabling it to publish the proceedings of its meetings, circulars, etc., with trifling
cost. He estimated the cost of a press, types, etc., at $71.
Whereupon, the following resolutions were adopted:

19
Resolved, That the Society will establish a fund to be
called the Publication Fund for the purpose of purchasing a
printing press and equipment, and also for defraying all expenses attending publication.
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to receive subscriptions to the fund and also purchase a printing press, types,
etc., agreeably with the estimate of Mr. Meichel.
This committee subsequently reported that a press and
equipment had been procured at a cost of $74.50, that amount
having been obtained by subscription from members, and
announced that the publication department was ready to
print anything the Society might direct. The by-laws were
therefore amended with rules and regulations governing the
new department, and the authorized publication was named
the "Proceedings of the Entomological Society. of Philadelphia," and papers on entomological subjects were solicited.
The first committee on publication was appointed in
March 1861 and consisted of Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, E. T.
Cresson and John Meichel. They immediately entered upon
their duties and began the publication of the proceedinors.
The first papers presented for publication and published
in the first number were: "Catalogue of the Cicindelide of
North America, by E. T. Cresson," "Description of a Few
New Species of Hemiptera, by P. R. Uhler," and ".Notes on
the Habits of Some Coleopterous Larvae and Pupe, by George
H. Horn."
The Recording Secretary, in his report for the year
1861, says: "One of the most prominent and interesting additions to the Society during the year, has been the establishment of a publication, called the "Proceedings," to be issued
every two or three months, and containing extracts from the
minutes of the meetings, and also any papers on entomological science that may be received from contributors, and directed to be published. Through the generosity of Dr. Wilson
and other members, sufficient funds were raised to purchase
a complete outfit of the necessary printing material. With
this encouragement the publication was immediately com-

20
menced. The first and second numbers were printed on a
small hand press, one page at a time, occupying much time
and labor. As the offerings of papers for publication increased, a larger press was procured, and will answer all purposes until the receipts are sufficient to employ a printer.
The only expense attending the publication is the ink and
paper; the composition and presswork being done voluntarily
by the members of the committee, and another member does
the binding."
In April, 1862, the Society, through the efforts of Dr.
Wilson and Col. Craig Biddle, was incorporated by the Legislature of Pennsylvania; and in August of the same year, a
copy of the Act of Incorporation, beautifully engrossed on
parchment, signed by Governor Andrew G. Curtin and Secretary of State Eli Slifer, handsomely framed, was presented
to the Society by Dr. Wilson. This framed copy is still preserved among the archives.

The meetings continued to be held in Mr. Wilt's house for
about two years and a half, when the rapid increase in the collections and library made it ncessary to procure more convenient and commodious quarters, where the printing of the
"Proceedings" could be done in a separate room. This need
was promptly supplied by James Ridings, who generously
erected for the sole use of the Society, a two story brick building on the northwest corner of 13th and Rodman streets, between Lombard and South, being No. 518 South 13th street,
with -a large room, 17x37 on the upper floor for the museum,
library and meetings, while the first floor was used as a printing room and office. The Society removed to this new home
in August, 1862, and continued to occupy it until January,
1876, about thirteen and a half years.
The progress of the Society during the three years and
ten months of its existence, is best shown in the following
words from the annual report of the Recording Secretary
made at the meeting in December, 1862:

21
"It is with feelings of pride and satisfaction that the
Recording Secretary presents his report and congratulates the
members on the continued advancement and prosperity of the
Society. Notwithstanding the troubled state of the country
and the constant occurrence of events calculated to engross the
entire attention of the community in general, time has been
found and devoted to the subject of entomology to such ar
extent as to warrant our saying that this branch of natura,
science has not heretofore received so great attention. The
cabinet of insects contain a total of 5192 species of all orders,
an increase of 1514 species during the past year. The library
has also received considerable attention, and there has been an
increase of 344 volumes during the year, making a total of
473 now on the shelves, including a number of rare and valuable works, whereby the student of entomology may have
opportunities of research hitherto unattainable except at considerable expense. The printed "Proceedings" of the Society
are now also on the progressive; material has not as yet been
wanting wherewith to enrich its pages, and what was commenced in doubt and fear, is now conducted in full confidence
that no effort will be spared in the continuance of so noble an
object. The Society has now at its command a commodious
hall wherein the meetings are held, and the printing of the
authorized periodical is conducted. The operations of the
Society are being constantly facilitated, and nothing remains
but for the members to come forward and contribute their
mite of labor and knowledge to the cause in which we are engaged. Much material remains to be worked up, and it is
hoped that the committees in charge of the various departments will do all they can to study out the names of such material as they have on hand, so that we may always have the
specimens in the collections correctly named and classified. As
an aid to the Society, a "Collecting Fund" has been established
for the purpose of sending out collectors, and also to purchase
such collections of insects as may tend to enhance the value of
the Society's cabinet. Not only is the Society benefited by
this fund, but the members themselves will find it to their

22
interest to subscribe to said fund, as it will enable them to
enrich their own collections."
The Society having now a home it could practically call
its own, it proved an important event in its history, for its
permanency was assured, and its growth and progress in all
directions was rapid; the members were encouraged to do their
best in building up the collections and the library and to contribute liberally towards all its objects. The amount of hard
work done in those two rooms during more than thirteen
years, is known only to those who did the work, and nearly all
have passed away. Almost every night, members were working, some on the library, some on the collections, in the upper
room; while on the lower floor, types were being set, and the
press in motion printing the pages of the "Proceedings," and
all giving their time and labor freely, cheerfully and willingly.
Owing to the generosity of Dr. Wilson, there was no lack of
funds with which to obtain necessary supplies, and all was
encouragement and activity. Here the 6 volumes of the
"Proceedings" (except part of the first volume) were published, containing 2,876 pages and 32 plates, averaging about
480 pages to the volume. The third volume contained 708 pages
and 6 plates, the largest volume ever published by the Society,
and in 1865 two volumes were published containing 770 pages
and 7 plates. These "Proceedings" are unfortunately now
out of print.
At the meeting held January 11, 1864, Dr. Wilson presented the Society with $5,000 in 6 per cent. bonds, the income
to be used for general purposes. He also presented all the
books he had deposited in the library of the Society on condition that he may withdraw temporarily any works so presented for the purpose of his own special study.
In November, 1864, Dr. Wilson presented the Society with
the original collections of Professor Felipe Poey, of Havana,
containing a large number of Cuban Coleoptera, Hymenoptera
and Hemiptera, which he had acquired by purchase; these
collections contain many rare and valuable insects.
At the close of 1864, the collection of insects numbered

23
over 12,000 species, of which 5,737 were Coleoptera, and 4,134
were Lepidoptera, and the library contained 1,083 volumes and
pamphlets. The membership numbered 71 residents and 84
correspondents-the largest ever attained.
At the meeting held January 9, 1865, Dr. Wilson presented the Society with 100 shares of the stock of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company (par value $5,000) on condition
that the same be held in trust as a Publication Fund, the
income derived from the investment to be applied to the publication of the authorizd periodical of the Society, which may
be issued in octavo form.
On March 15th, only a little over two months after this
presentation, this great friend of the Society passed away at
his home in Newark, Delaware, after a brief illness. He had
often spoken of plans he had in view to secure the permanency
and entire independence of the Society, and the members
had great expectations in that direction; but he wabs taken
away suddenly and before he had matured his plans or changed
his will.' This loss was a great shock to the members and
seemed for a time to paralyze their efforts, casting a gloom
over everything, so much so that work in all directions appeared to come to a standstill for awhile. Dr. Wilson was
at all times So ready and willing to help in the furtherance
of any plans for the advancement of the Society that his
sudden removal caused some to fear that its permanency was
after all not to be realized. But these despondent feelings
gradually passed away, and the interest of the members began
to return, and work was continued; but the loss of such a
helpful friend could not be forgotten by those who knew him
and worked with him.
By resolution of the Society a committee was appointed
to prepare a memoir of Dr. Wilson, setting forth in an appropriate manner his labors and endowments in the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, which was published in the
"Proceedings" and also in pamphlet form during 1865.
At the meeting on June 12, 1865, it was announced that
Rathmel Wilson, executor and brother of Dr. Wilson, being

24
desirous of carrying out the wishes of his brother, had generously presented the Society with the entire entomological
collection of the deceased, together with a large number of
valuable books relating to entomology, four large, handsome
cabinets, and other equipments.
In August, 1865, the Publication Committee secured permission of the Society to publish short papers on popular
entomology, under the title of "The Practical Entomologist,"*
for distribution among farmers and agriculturists, the cost
of publishing the same to be defrayed by private contributions.
The object of this publication was to procure and diffuse
information, in a popular form, on Insects which were destructive or beneficial to vegetation in the United States.
At first it was distributed gratuitously, asking from those
disposed to give it, sufficient to pay the postage. It was
expected that the receipts from advertisements would make
the paper self-supporting; but on these liberal terms the
demand for copies became so great that it was found necessary to ask the payment of the small subscription price of 50
cents a year to meet expenses, the income of the Society being at that time too limited to render any assistance. The publication was, however, continued for two years (October,
1865-1867) in about 260 quarto pages, containing a vast
amount of valuable information on economic entomology.
But the time had not yet come for the agricultural public to
realize the importance and value of such knowledge, and the
interest in the publication gradually fell off, so that at the
end of the second volume it was found that the undertaking
would not receive sufficient support, and it had to be abandoned. It was here that we felt the need of such a friend
and helper as was Dr. Thomas B. Wilson.
The Society being, at that time, the only one in the United
States devoted entirely to the study of Entomology, it was
the opinion of many members that it should have a national
name, and not a local one; and, after much discussion and
*The first journal devoted to Economic Entomology published

in the United States.

25
consideration at several meetings, it was decided to make a
change, and a committee was appointed to consider the matter and report, which it did at a meeting held February 11,
1867, when it was resolved that the name be changed to
the "American Entomological Society," and the committee
instructed to petition the Court to so amend the charter, which
petition was granted February 23, 1867.
Changing the name of the Society made it necessary to
reorganize the periodical publication, and the commencement
of a new series also with a change of name; so the title of
"Proceedings," etc., was discontinued and that of the "Transactions -of the American Entomological Society" was substituted
and the first volume was commenced with June, 1867.
These Transactions have been published regularly to the
present time (end of 1908), completing thirty-four volumes,
containing 13,102 pages and 295 plates. The "Proceedings"
was published in six volumes, containing 2,876 pages and 32
plates; so that the two series give a total of 15,978 pages and
327 plates, an average of 340 pages and 7 plates a year for
the forty-seven years, which is quite a good showing.
On January 14, 1867, Rathmel Wilson presented the Society with $6,000 in trust for publication purposes.
At the meeting September 9, 1867, the office of Librarian was created, which office has been filled by seven persons in the forty-one years.
In the minutes of the meeting held October 14, 1867,
it is recorded that a committee, consisting of Dr. George H.
Horn and Charles H. Hart, was appointed to represent the
Society in the endeavor to obtain one of the Penn Squares
for Society purposes, but nothing came of it.

After occupying the hall at 518 South Thirteenth street
for over thirteen years, and the collections and library had
grown to large proportions and of considerable value, the
possibility of the destruction of all this material by fire gave
the members much concern, and the question of obtaining

26
safer quarters was seriously considered. Efforts were made
to interest persons of wealth to provide a fireproof building
for the Society, but without success.
At a meeting held April 12, 1875, Dr. Horn, who was
then president, suggested the possibility of securing apartments in the new building of the Academy of Natural Sciences, at Nineteenth and Race streets, then approaching completion, and a committee was appointed to confer with the
authorities of the Academy to ascertain on what terms the
Society might be allowed to occupy apartments to be devoted
to entomological purposes, in their new building. After a
number of conference meetings of the two committees an
agreement between the two associations was finally reached,
December 13, 1875, and the Society was permitted to occupy
rooms on the library floor of the Academy at the northwest
Of the twenty-five. members of the
corner of the building.
Society who, by terms of the agreement, became life members
of the Academy, only four remain, viz.: E. T. Cresson, Stuart
Wood, Horace Jayne and Benjamin H. Smith.
On February 14, 1876, the first meeting of the Society
was held in its new quarters at the Academy.
On March 13, 1876, application was made to the Academy for admission as an Entomological Section, in accordance
with the agreement, which was granted by the Academy, and
at a special meeting held May 12, 1876, the Section was duly
organized and officers elected.
Upon the removal of the Society to the Academy building the use of the room in the basement at the corner of
Nineteenth and Race streets was obtained and fitted up as a
printing room. Here the printing of the "Transactions" and
all matters pertaining to the publication department was attended to under the supervision of the Publication Committee
until January, 1885, when it was found necessary to have
all the printing done outside by an established printer, and
arrangements were made accordingly.
At the meeting held June 10, 1889, a committee, consisting of Dr. Skinner. Messrs. Aaron and Laurent, was ap-

27
pointed with full power, to confer with the Commissioners
of Fairmount Park with reference to procuring suitable rooms
in one of the Park buildings, for the purpose of studies in
Line Histories, on the part of the members of the Society.
On June 12, 1893, a committee was appointed to look
into the matter of obtaining more commodious quartei-s in the
new portion of the Academy's building, the rooms then occupied being very much' crowded, especially the smaller room
containing the library.
The agreement made in December, 1875, between the
Society and the Academy being considered ambiguous and
unsatisfactory in some respects, conference committees of the
two associations were appointed to prepare a new agreement,
which was concluded and executed under date of November
24, 1894, and is still in force.
At the meeting held June 10, 1895, the committee appointed two years before to obtain more commodious quarters
reported that space on the museum floor, above the library
of the Academy, had been granted, but the same was not
made ready for occupancy until February 27, 1896, when the
property of the Society was all removed from the old quarters and the first meeting held.
On November 24, 1897, the Society met with another
severe loss in the death of its president (for sixteen consecutive years), Dr. George H. Horn, after a protracted illness.
In his will, Dr. Horn bequeathed to the Society his fine collection of Coleoptera, also his books and instruments, together with the sum of $5,000, which has been invested for
general purposes.
The excellent portrait of the Doctor, now hanging in the
rooms of the Society, was presented by his sister, Mrs.
Haehnlen.
The Society adopted the following minute on the death
of Dr. Horn:
"The American Entomological Society hereby records its
deep sense of the great loss it has sustained in the death of
Dr. George H. Horn, a member for thirty-seven years and

28
its president for the last sixteen years. It gratefully acknowledges the lustre which his attainments and honors reflected
upon the Society by his connection with it, and the benefits
which his learning and liberality conferred. It rejoices in
the success which he attained, and cherishes the memory of
his labo'rs which form so large a part of the progress of
Entomology in America."
After the death of Dr. Horn, the Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D., was elected president, and served until December, 1899, when Dr. P. P. Calvert succeeded him.

1;-3

/~
--CL~

7i~ Lt~~~

PR OCEEDINGS
OF THE

FIFTIETH ANNIVERSAR Y
February 15,

1909

Proceedings of the American Entomological
Society, February 15, 1909,
Fiftieth Anniversary

A meeting of the American Entomological Society was
held on February 15, 1909, to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Society. Dr. Philip P. Calvert, president, in the chair. Members present: Calvert,
Cresson, E. T., Cresson, E. T., Jr., Cresson, G. B., Smith,
Castle, Liebeck, Skinner, Welles, Wenzel, and Laurent. Associates of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Harvey, Greene, Rehn,
Daecke, Boerner, Ilg, Coxey, Haimbach, Viereck, Matthews
and Cole. Visitors: Dr. Stevens, of Plymouth, Mass.;
Charles Morris, G. Warder Cresson, H. A. Wenzel, C. T.
Greene, Theo. H. Schmitz and William Beutenmiiller, of the
American Museum of Natural History, New York
The minutes of the first and last meeting were read. Mr.
E. T. Cresson read a very interesting history of the Society,
and then moved that a committee be appointed to bring the
history up to date. The motion was carried, and the president
appointed Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D., Benj. H. Smith and
Dr. Henry Skinner. A portrait of Mr. E. T. Cresson was
presented and hung in the Entomological Rooms. The vicepresident, Mr. Wenzel, being called to the chair, the president,
Dr. Calvert, offered the following resolution, which was seconded and unanimously carried:
"The American Entomological Society, assembled in
meeting February 15, 1909, to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the day on which were sent out invitations looking to the formation of this Society, hereby records its sense

32
of gratitude for that measure of age, position and success
which it has attained. It recognizes that this attainment has
been due to the unselfish labors of many members, both past
and present, among them Bland, Blake, Feldman, LeConte,
McAllister, Meichel, Newman, Ridings, Wilson, Wilt, Horn,
McCook, Angus, Bassett, Grote, Skinner, Eckfelt, Knight,
Pine.
It especially rejoices in the presence to-night of one of
the three founders of the Society, Mr. E. T. Cresson, who
from the very first has continuously exerted himself in its
interests, serving as treasurer for thirty-five years, as editor
of the Proceedings, later Transactions, for thirty-eight years,
and who, during the early days of the Society's existence,
cared for its collections and library and with his own hands
set type for its publications, besides composing long series
of entomological memoirs,. principally upon the Hymenoptera,
which have given to him and to the Society an honorable
distinction, both at home and abroad. To many a younger
student he has kindly given his aid, his advice and his example. He has encouraged and furthered the progress of
Entomology in the United States far beyond the limits of his
home by his activity as author and by his gift of his most
important, valuable and extensive collection of Hymenoptera
to this Society. Thankful for all his unceasing labors, this
Society now places upon its records, in his presence, its deep
appreciation of his services and extends to him its best wishes
for many additional years of life and happiness in that field
of science which he has cultivated so long and so well."
Mr. Beutenmiiller said it was difficult to fitly express
the thoughts the occasion demanded. He had always looked
upon the American Entomological Society as the mother society, and said its work was favorably known to all working
entomologists. Letters of regret on their inability to be present at the meeting were received from Dr. L. O. Howard,
Dr. Arthur E. Brown, Dr. John B. Smith, Dr. Henry Tucker,
Prof. H. A. Surface, Dr. E. P. Felt and the Rev. Dr. C.
J. S. Bethune.

33
Dr. Howard wrote as follows: "I regret my official duties
will keep me in Washington. I should much like to be with
you, and especially to listen to the history of your Society as
read by my old friend Mr. Cresson. Please give him and the
other members of the Society my warm greetings and congratulations. By a curious coincidence the Entomological
Society of Washington has just (February 11th) celebrated
its twenty-fifth anniversary. At present you see, your Society is just twice as old as ours, but of course this proportion
will not last. Some of these days they will both be very old
societies and approximately of the same age. It gave me
great pleasure to introduce at our twenty-fifth anniversary
meeting a resolution of cordial congratulation to the American Entomological Society, which was unanimously adopted,
and Mr. H. L. Viereck, now connected with this bureau, was
requested to present the congratulations of the Entomological
Society of Washington by word of mouth, as he will be with
you at the meeting. The American Entomological Society
has done a magnificent work, and we all hope that it may
continue to grow in strength and power."
Dr. Bethune said, "I thank you very much for sending me
an invitation to the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary
of the American Entomological Society. I regret very much
that it is quite impossible for me to be present on this interesting occasion. I have been connected with the Society as a
corresponding member for about forty-five years and have
always taken a great interest in it. Please give my congratulations to Mr. Cresson on his having lived to see this jubilee
of the Society, which he did so much to sustain. I trust that
it will grow and prosper, and that there may be similar anniversaries in the far future."
Mr. Viereck said it gave him great pleasure to be the
bearer of greetings from the Entomological Society of Washington.
Mr. Erich Daecke said all in Harrisburg were glad of the
successful career of the Society.
Mr. H. W. Wenzel spoke of the great advantages of the

34

collector of the present day. He recalled the difficulties under
which his grandfather, Henry Feldman, labored. He collected
cork along the shore of the Delaware to make lining for his
boxes, and these were made out of soap boxes by his own
hands, and his pins were needles. Early morning starts and
long tramps were parts of collecting, and they worked hard
through love of the subject.
Mr. B. H. Smith said it was a cause of regret that he did
not know what was going on on February 15, 1859. He
spoke of the difficulty of getting books in the early days. The
"Practical Entomologist" introduced him to the Entomological
Society of Philadelphia and Mr. Cresson. He also spoke in
praise of the publications of the Society.
Mr. Charles S. Welles expressed his pleasure at being
present, and also spoke in appreciation of the work of the
Society and its members.
Mr. George B. Cresson recalled some of the days when
the Society was on Rodman street.
Mr. J. A. G. Rehn quoted Dr. H. T. Fernald as saying
that Cresson's keys of the Hymenoptera were the most satisfactory ever published.
HENRY

SKINNER,

Secretary.

COLLECTIONS OF THE SOCIETY
By the Curator

THE COLLECTIONS OF THE

AMERICAN

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

By HENRY SKINNER,

M.D., Curator.

In November, 1859, at the suggestion of Mr. James Ridings, the Society voted to establish an entomological cabinet,
and a committee, consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson (chairman),
James Ridings and George Newman, was appointed to procure a room and a suitable cabinet for the purpose. The
first gift of specimens came from Dr. Wilson, and consisted
of one hundred species of Coleoptera, as follows: 13, from
the Rocky Mountains; 12, from the fork of the Platte River;
11, South Platte River; 23, Leavenworth City, and 36, from
the Republican River.
During the year 1860 Mr. E. T. Cresson presented his
entire collection of Coleoptera, About this time a verbal communication was made on behalf of the Committee on Coleoptera, "that members having specimens to present, intended
to be placed upon the list of duplicates for exchange, will
allow the specimens to remain in alcohol, as, when they are
presented already pinned, they require constant care to keep
them free from vermin. This request, if complied with, will
also be an advantage to donors in the saving of pins, which
are at present very scarce." In 1862 Baron C. R. von Osten
Sacken presented a beautiful collection of cynipidous bakgalls and flies.
A committee of three had been appointed to draft rules
and regulations for the government of the collection, consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, James Ridings and E. T. Cresson. The collection grew rapidly and in 1861, 520 species of
Coleoptera were presented, numbering 8,885 specimens,
making a total of this order of 2,550 species, 20,120 specimens.
The collection also contained a few types of species de-

38
scribed by Dr. G. H. Horn. The principal donors were
T. B. Wilson, Henry Ulke, John Pearsall, Dr. G. H. Horn,
J. H. B. Bland, William Evett and J. D. Wingate.
The collection of Lepidoptera contained 519 species,
3,144 specimens; Diptera 224 species, 561 specimens; Hymenoptera 136 species, and other orders were represented by 249
species. Since January, 1860, 3,678 species had been presented. In 1862 the collection contained 2,979 species of
Coleoptera, 1,404 species of Lepidoptera, 217 Hymenoptera,
271 Diptera and 321 species of Neuroptera, Orthoptera and
Hemiptera, the total being 5,192 species.
In 1863 Mr. William H. Edwards presented a large and
beautiful collection of European moths. November the 14th,
1864, the thanks of the Society were voted to Dr. T. B. Wilson for his liberal donation of Cuban Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera, being the original collections of Prof.
Felipe Poey, of Havana. In June, 1865, the executor of
Dr. T. B. Wilson, deceased, presented the Doctor's collection to the Society. This valuable gift numbered 12,012 Coleoptera, 5,347 Diptera and enough of the remaining orders
to make a grand total of 18,873 specimens.
In 1867 the collection of Micro-lepidoptera, made by Dr.
Brackenridge Clemens, was presented by Mrs. S. B. Clemens.
This collection was contained in boxes bound as books, in
leather, and were labeled Etudes Entomologique, Clemens,
Vol. I, etc. The specimens were pinned on small corks,
gummed to glass, and each cork had a printed number, and
these numbers corresponded with the names and numbers of
a list. The boxes were tight and pest proof. In 1882 the
specimens were transferred to "Ridings" boxes, a doublerabbeted book box used by the Society. One of the original
Clemens boxes still contains a collection of micro-moths sent
to Dr. Clemens by Mr. H. T. Stainton September the 24th,
1860.
The Clemens specimens were never in unsafe boxes at
any time, and they were never lost. Mr. August Busck* has
*Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., V. 181.

39
written an interesting account of this collection, but some of
his statements are absolutely incorrect. He says, among other
things, "but considering their old age and their precarious
method of preservation in a box neither dust nor insect proof,
it is rather remarkable that they had not all been destroyed."
If his statement had been true it would have been a miracle.
The Society cared for them since 1867, and they are still
available for study and comparison.
Dr. W. H. Ashmead was good to the Society in the
early days and presented many of his types of Cynipide, and
in 1885 he also presented a collection of parasitic Hymenoptera.
Dr. George H. Horn, who died in 1897, willed his collection to'the Society. This was beyond doubt the largest
collection of American Coleoptera at that time. It contained
over 67,000 specimens and more than 1,500 types.
The collection of exotic Coleoptera, made by Dr. H. G.
Griffith, was purchased in 1899. This added some interesting
material to the already large exotic collection.
Another valuable collection of Coleoptera came into the
possession of the Society in 1886. Mr. Henry Wilt presented to the Society the large collection made by his father,
Charles Wilt. In his letter of transmittal, he says: "I wish
it might remain as a memorial to him, he having been one
of the founders of your association." The collection of Lepidoptera made by Charles Wilt was purchased.
The following letter was sent to the Society by Mr. E. T.
Cresson. It was dated June 25, 1901: "Mr. H. F. Bassett,
of Waterbury, Conn., who has for thirty years made a special
study of North American Galls and gall flies, being now in
poor health and unable to continue the study, desires to present his collection, with all his types, to the American Entomological Society, in trust, to be preserved and kept separate
and distinct from other collections and to be known as the
Homer F. Bassett Collection: a memorial of his life-work in
entomology." The collection was accepted and is now one of
the valued possessions of the Society.

40
During the same year Mr. E. T. Cresson presented his
collection of Hymenoptera, with the understanding that
unique specimens of any species or varieties of species,
whether types or otherwise, should not be loaned or taken
from the building in which the collections are kept. This
collection was the largest and most complete extant, except
possibly in the Micro-Hymenoptera, and contained practically
all of Mr. Cresson's types.
Mr. S. N. Dunning, of Hartford, Conn., presented his
collection of Hymenoptera, consisting of 5,440 specimens, and
in addition there were a number of Coleoptera This was
in 1902.
The following year the heirs of Charles A. Blake gave to
the Society the large collection of Lepidoptera which he had
made. Unfortunately, the value of this collection is greatly
lessened on account of the lack of data. Mr. Blake knew the
places from whence the specimens came, but the knowledge
died with him.
During the half century the Society has lived, it has received many specimens in smaller lots, and at the present time
the collections are large and valuable. There are numerous
types in addition to those mentioned. In the early days the
Society acquired types of such well-known writers as A. R.
Grote, Coleman T. Robinson, A. S. Packard, Charles A. Blake
and V. T. Chambers. Later a number of authors have donated
types
The Society has adopted the following rules governing
the loan of specimens It was considered that the types are
held in trust for all entomologists, and that if any were lost
or destroyed through loans our successors would have just
cause for censure.
1. Unique specimens of any species or varieties of species, whether types or otherwise, shall not be loaned or taken
from the building in which the collection is kept.
2. Unique types shall not be loaned nor removed from
the building, but duplicate types may be loaned when specially
authorized by the Executive Committee.

41
3. No specimens belonging to the Society, nor to collections under its care, shall be loaned except by special permission of the Executive Committee.
4. No specimens belonging to private collections on deposit with the Society shall be loaned nor removed from the
building without the consent of the owner and the Executive
Committee.
The collections are being gradually transferred to the
single, rabbeted, wooden box, known as the "Schmidt box,"
and these are kept in the tinned iron cases made by Brock
Brothers in Cambridge, Mass.
Nothing has been said of the large and valuable entomological collections of The Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, which are in the samne rooms in the Academy,
occupied by the American Entomological Society and the Entomological Section of the Academy.

LIBV ARY OF THE SOCIETY
By the Librarian

LIBRARY OF THE
AMERICAN

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

By E. T. CRESSON, JR., Librarian.

The Library of the Society was established December
12, 1859, when the committee appointed to draft rules and
regulations for the government of the cabinet, presented in
their report, which was accepted, a recommendation that in
connection with the cabinet, a library be also established for
reference and study.
On December 26 of the same year, the first book, a copy
of a Catalogue of Coleoptera, by Melsheimer, was presented
by Prof. S. S. Haldeman. The next donation was on January 23, 1860, when E. T. Cresson presented 12 volumes and
4 pamphlets. February 13 of the same year Dr. T. B. Wilson
donated 8 volumes, which was the beginning of a series of
donations covering a period of over five years, until his death,
and amounted to about 1,500 volumes. At nearly every meeting Dr. Wilson donated rare works to the young library, thus
giving it a nucleus, without which it could not have attained
the reputation and completeness it now enjoys. Others, including J. W. Weidemeyer, Samuel Lewis, O. Morawitz,
G. B. Dixon, J. C. Brevoort. Mrs. Lucy Say, and many who
presented copies of their papers, as well as the Smithsonian
Institution and Societies, contributed liberally, so that the
library has now become the largest strictly entomological
library in America. In 1897, by the will of Dr. G. H. Horn,
his entire library on Coleoptera became the property of the
Society. This bequest added many valuable works to the
Coleoptera department of the library.
The office of librarian was created September 9, 1867,
with G. B. Dixon in the office. In his first report he credited
the library with 1,262 volumes and 849 pamphlets. To-day
there are nearly 1,300 titles, consisting of over 4,100 volumes,

46
of which over 2,000 volumes represent the journals of 190
Societies. Of course, all these journals are not strictly entomological, about 1,000 volumes being devoted to other subjects, but also containing some entomological papers. These
journals are received only on account of their possessing
valuable papers, but it is not the policy of the Society to
receive any which are not entomological, except those it is
now receiving and has been since their beginning. The proximity to the large and valuable library of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia makes it very convenient to
refer to the journals and publications not strictly entomological, which this Society does not possess.

APPENDIX
I-Names and Terms of the Officers from the
foundation qf the Society
I--List of Members, Resident and Corresponding
III--Act of Incorporation

I.

NAMES AND TERMS OF THE OFFICERS
FROM THE FOUNDATION
OF THE SOCIETY
PRESIDENT.
Dr. John L. LeConte, 1859-60, 1870-83............ 16 years
George Newman, 1861-62 .......................
2 years
J. H. B. Bland, 1863-65......................... 3 years
Robert Frazier, 1866 ...............................
1 year
Dr. George H. Horn, 1867-68, 1884-97............ 16 years
Coleman T. Robinson, 1869...................... 1 year
3 years
Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D., 1898-1900. ..........
8 years
Dr. Philip P. Calvert, 1901-. ....................
VICE-PRESIDENT.
1
James Ridings, 1859 ............................
1
George Newman, 1860 .........................
2
J. H. B. Bland, 1861-62..........................
Charles F. Parker, 1863-64...................... 2
William S. Pine, 1865-68........................ 4
Dr. John L. LeConte, 1869........................ 1
14
Dr. George H. Horn, 1870-83...... ..........
Rev. Henry C. McCook, D.D., 1884-93............ .10
Dr. Philip P. Calvert, 1894-98.................... 5
1
Charles W. Johnson, 1899.....................
9
Henry W. Wenzel, 1901-. ......................

year
year
years
years
years
year
years
years
years
year
years

TREASURER.
Charles Wilt, 1859-62............................ 4 years
James W. McAllister, 1863-73.................... 11 years
E. T. Cresson, 1874--..........................35 years

50
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
E. T. Cresson, 1859-74 ........................
16
Charles A. Blake, 1875-86 .......................
12
Dr. Horace Jayne, 1887-90...................... 4
Prof. Angelo Heilprin, 1891-94.................... 4
Dr. Philip P. Calvert, 1895 ....................... 1
William J. Fox, 1896-1900 ...................
5
Charles W. Johnson, 1901-03..................... 3
Frank Haimbach, 1904-06...................... 3
James H. Ridings, 1907-08 ...................... 2

years
years
years
years
year
years
years
years
years

RECORDING SECRETARY.
E. T. Cresson, 1859...........................
1
J. Frank Knight, 1860-73 ........................ 14
James H. Ridings, 1874-97......................24
Dr. Henry Skinner, 1898-...................1...11

year
years
years
years

LIBRARIAN.
Georg' B. Dixon, 1867-68...................... 2 years
Charles A. Blake, 1869-74, 1879-91......... ....... 18 years
William S. Pine, 1875-78. ...........
......
4 years
George B. Cresson, 1892-96 ...................
5 years
William J. Fox, 1897-1902...................
..... years
6
J. Chester Bradley, 1903-05. .........
.........
3 years
E. T. Cresson, Jr., 1906-...................... 3 years

CURATOR.
E. T. Cresson, 1866-74......................... 8
James Ridings, 1875-78 .......................... 4
George B. Cresson, 1879-81, 1888-89. .............
5
Charles Wilt, 1882 ..................
...........
1
E. M. Aaron, 1883-84.....
...
.........
2
Dr. Henry Skinner, 1885-87, 1890-............... 22

years
years
years
year
years
years

II.
LIST OF MEMBERS
OF THE

AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ORGANIZATION MEMBERS
Thomas B. Ashton. Robert Jack.
John L. LeConte.
Thomas Cox.
James W. McAllister.
Ezra T. Cresson.
John Meichel.
William Evett.
George Newman.
Henry Feldman.
John Pearsall.
George Hill.
James Ridings.

J. H. B. Bland.

Louis Schneider.
Samuel H. Shinn.
Thomas B. Wilson.
Charles Wilt.
William Wolter.
CharlesJ. Wood.
William S. Wood.

RESIDENT AND CORRESPONDING MEMBERS
Aaron, Charles E., Mount Holly, N. J., July 23, 1860.
tAaron, Eugene M., Philadelphia, Pa., March 9, 1883.
tAaron, S. Frank, Philadelphia, Pa., June 22, 1885.
Adee, Alvey A., New York, N. Y., May 14, 1866.
Adelung, Nicolas, St. Petersburg, Russia, April 28, 1904.
*Akhurst, John, Brooklyn, N. Y., November 28, 1859.
Andre, Ernest, Gray, France, June 28, 1897.
Angus, James, West Farms, N. Y., November 14, 1864.
Ashmead, William H., Washington, D. C., June 28, 1897.
Auxer, Samuel, Lancaster, Pa., February 9, 1863.
Baird, Spencer F., Washington, D. C., December 12, 1859.
*Ballantine, William S., Philadelphia, Pa., July 23, 1860.
* Indicate names of Resident Members.
t Indicate names of former Resident Members.
The names of those believed to be deceased are printed in italics.
Dates following names indicate time of election to the Society.

52
Bassett, Homer F., Waterbury, Conn., February 9, 1863.
Beadle, D. W., Toronto, Canada, November 10, 1862.
Behr, H., San Francisco, Cal., June 28, 1897.
Behrens, James, San Francisco, Cal., October 14, 1872.
Belknap, Aaron B., New York, N. Y., March 9, 1863.
Bethune, Charles J. S., Port Hope, Canada, October 13, 1862.
Biddle, Craig, Bucks County, Pa., May 12, 1862.
*Biddle, George, Philadelphia, Pa., July 10, 1865.
Billings, B., Prescott, Canada, November 10, 1862.
*Blake, Charles A., Philadelphia, Pa., October 22, 1860.
Boardman, Samuel L., Augusta, Maine, March 12, 1866.
Bolivar, Ignacio, Madrid, Spain, April 28, 1904.
Bolter, A., Chicago, Ill., August 14, 1865.
Bolton, John, Portsmouth, Ohio, August 11, 1862.
Boteri, M., Mexico, March 12, 1866.
*Bradley, J. Chester, Philadelphia, Pa., April 24, 1902.
Brakeley, John H., Bordentown, N. J., June 8, 1863.
Brauer, Friedrich, Vienna, Austria, October 28, 1897.
*Breed, William P., Philadelphia, Pa., December 8, 1862.
Brendel, Emil, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, August 14, 1865.
Brevoort, J. Carson, Brooklyn, N. Y., March 14, 1864.
Bridgham, Mrs. E. F., New York, N. Y., September 11, 1865.
Bridgham, Joseph, Jr., New York, N. Y., March 9, 1863.
Brunner von Wattenwyl, H. C., Vienna, Austria, April 28,
1904.
Buckley, S. B., Austin, Texas, April 14, 1862.
tBullock, David J., Philadelphia, Pa., January 22, 1891.
*Bunte, Theodore, Philadelphia, Pa., February 13, 1860.
Calverly, Stephen, New York, N. Y., October 14, 1861.
*Calvert, Philip P., Philadelphia, Pa., January 26, 1893.
Castelnau, Count de. (See LaPorte.)
*Castle, D. M., Philadelphia, Pa., February 24, 1898.
Clemens, Brackenridge, Easton, Pa., April 11, 1859.
Cockerell, T. D. A., Colorado Springs, Colo., April 28, 1904.
Comstock, John H., Ithaca, N. Y., April 28, 1898.
*Cope, Edward D., Philadelphia, Pa., June 12, 1865.
Couper, William, Quebec, Canada, November 10, 1862.
*Cresson, Charles C., Philadelphia, Pa., July 11, 1864.

53
*Cresson, Ezra T., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa., December 28, 1905.
*Cresson, George B., Philadelphia, Pa., December 12, 1887.
Croft, Henry, Toronto, Canada, October 13, 1862.
Crotch, George R., Cambridge, England, June 9, 1873.
Crowfoot, W. M., Suffolk, England, January 23, 1890.
Crumrine, Boyd, Washington, Pa., February 12, 1872.
Currier, W. 0., Providence, R. I., August 10, 1863.
tDavis, W. M., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa., June 8, 1874.
DeForest, Robert, New York, N. Y., March 9, 1863.
DeGrey, Thomas (Lord Walsingham), England, 1872.
*Dixon, George B., Philadelphia, Pa., April 10, 1865.
*Dowling, J. D., Philadelphia, Pa., November 26, 1860.
*Drexel, Joseph M., Philadelphia, Pa., March 11, 1867.
Drexler, C. F., Washington, D. C., December 26, 1859.
*Dunbar, Hugh, Philadelphia, Pa., July 11, 1859.
*Dunkerly, Joseph, Philadelphia, Pa., May 13, 1859.
Dunn, J., California, March 11, 1872.
tEckfelt, John W., Philadelphia, Pa., June 8, 1874.
Edwards, Henry, New York, N. Y., June 13, 1870.
Edwards, William H., Coalburgh, W. Va., August 8, 1859.
Elwes, Henry J., Colesborne, England, June 28, 1897.
*Ennis, Jacob, Philadelphia, Pa., January 28, 1861.
Fay, H. T., Columbus, Ohio, October 14, 1861.
Felder, Cajetano, Vienna, Austria, August 14, 1865.
Findlay, Samuel, Warren County, Ohio, December 8, 1873.
Fitch, Asa, Fitch's Point, N. Y., October 8, 1860.
Fletcher, James, Ottawa, Canada, June 28, 1897.
Forel, August, Zurich, Switzerland, April 28, 1898.
*Fox, William J., Philadelphia, Pa., June, 10, 1895.
*Frazer, Robert, Philadelphia, Pa., November 11, 1861.
French, George H., Springfield, Ill., January 23, 1890.
Fuller, Andrew H., New York, N. Y., March 11, 1872.
Gabb, William M., San Francisco, Cal., May 12, 1862.
Gissler, C. F., Jersey City, N. J., January 12, 1874.
Glover, Townend, Agricultural College, Md., October 8, 1860.
Godman, Frederick DuC., London, England, June 28, 1897.
Graeff, Edward L., Brooklyn, N. Y., January 12, 1863.
*Grifith, H. G., Manayunk, Pa., December 9, 1895.

54
*Gropengeiser, Lewis C., Philadelphia, Pa., July 25, 1859.
*Grote, Augustus R., Bremen, Germany,, April 14, 1862.
Gundlach, Juan, Havana, Cuba, January 11, 1864.
Hagen, Hermann, Cambridge, Mass., December 8, 1867.
tHaimbach, Frank, Philadelphia, Pa., December 9, 1895.
tHaines, Reuben, Germantown, Pa., October 8, 1866.
Haldeman, S. S., Columbia, Pa., December 12, 1859.
Hamilton, John, Allegheny, Pa., December 17, 1896.
Handlirsch, Anton, Vienna, Austria, June 28, 1897.
Harold, E. von, Munich, Germany, June 9, 1873.
tHart, Charles H., Philadelphia, Pa., April 9, 1866.
Harvey, Leon F., Buffalo, N. Y., May 10, 1875.
Hathaway, George H., Chicago, Ill., June 13, 1864.
Hauverman, A. D., Chattanooga, Tenn., June 12, 1871.
Healey, David, Jr., Lowell, Mass., December 11, 1865.
*Hebard, Morgan, Philadelphia, Pa., May 27, 1909.
*Heilprin, Angelo, Philadelphia, Pa., January 23, 1890.
Helmuth, Charles A., Chicago, Ill., February 10, 1862.
Henshaw, Samuel, Cambridge, Mass., June 28, 1897.
Hewston, George, San Francisco, Cal., December 12, 1870.
Hill, George S. I., Toronto, Canada, November 10, 1862.
Holdenworth, Henry, Shanghai, China, July 11, 1870.
Holland, W. J., Pittsburg, Pa., June 28, 1897.
*Horn, George H., Philadelphia, Pa., July 23, 1860.
Howard, L. O., Washington, D. C., June 28, 1897.
Howard, W. I., Central City, Colo., March 10, 1862.
Hunt, George, Providence, R. I., January 15, 1866.
Hunt, Howard A., Burlington, N. J., September 11, 1865.
*Huston, George, Philadelphia, Pa., March 11, 1861.
*Jayne, Horace F., Philadelphia, Pa., August 9, 1875.
Jekel, Henry, Paris, France, January 15, 1866.
*Johnson, Charles W., Philadelphia, Pa., June 13, 1892.
Juelich, Wilhelm, New York, N. Y., August 14, 1865.
Karsch, Ferdinand, Berlin, Germany, October 28, 1897.
*Kay, William, Philadelphia, Pa., April 25, 1859.
Kennicott, Robert W., Grove, Ill., July 13, 1863.
Kirby, W. F., Dublin, Ireland, July 10, 1871.
Kirkpatrick, John, Cleveland, Ohio, October 10, 1864.

55
Kirtland, J. P., Cleveland, Ohio, March 9, 1863.
*Kline, Christian, Philadelphia, Pa., December 8, 1862.
*Knight, J. Frank, Philadelphia, Pa., April 25, 1859.
*Knight, John, Philadelphia, Pa., September 26, 1859.
Kohl, Franz F., Vienna, Austria, June 28, 1897.
Krafft, Louis P., Belleville, Ill., July 10, 1871.
Lake, Henry C., New York, N. Y., June 12, 1865.
LaPorte, Francis F. (Count de Castelnau), Melbourne, Australia, June 13, 1870.
*Laurent, Phillip, Philadelphia, Pa., January 28, 1886.
LeBaron, William, Geneva, Ill., October 14, 1861.
*Ledyard, Edgar M., Los Banos, Philippine Ids., June 13, 1910.
Legrande, Augustin, Mexico, March 12, 1866.
*Leidy, Joseph, Philadelphia, Pa., February 8, 1864.
*Lewis, Samuel, Philadelphia, Pa., August 27, 1860.
*Liebeck, Charles, Philadelphia, Pa., June 13, 1892.
Lindheimer, F. S., New Braunfels, Tex., November 14, 1859.
Lintner, J. A., Schohaire, N. Y., November 10, 1862.
Longchamps, Ed. de Selys, Liege, Belgium, February 15, 1894.
Lorenzen, Henry, New York, N. Y., September 9, 1867.
Loweree, F. H. B., Guadalajara, Mexico, July 10, 1865.
Lubbock, Sir John, High Elms, Down, Kent, England, April
28, 1898.
*McCook, Henry C., Philadelphia, Pa., February 9, 1877.
*McFarland,James H., Philadelphia, Pa., June 25, 1860.
McLachlan, Robert, London, England, December 10, 1866.
Mann, B. Pickman, Cambridge, Mass., May 10, 1875.
*Martindale, Isaac C., Camden, N. J., February 9, 1863.
Mayr, Gustav, Vienna, Austria, April 28, 1898.
*Mead, Theodore L., New York, N. Y., November 9, 1868.
Melsheimer, F. E., York County, Pa., April 25, 1859.
Mendenhall, R. J., Minneapolis, Minn., May 10, 1869.
Meske, Otto von, Albany, N. Y., June 13, 1870.
Miles, M., Lansing, Mich., January 12, 1863.
Minot, Charles S., Boston, Mass., January 11, 1870.
*Mitchel, Horace B., Philadelphia, Pa., July 9, 1860.
*Montgomery, William, Philadelphia, Pa., April 10, 1865.
Moreno, Aniseto, Mexico, March 12, 1866.

56
Morris, Beverly R., Toronto, Canada, December 8, 1862.
Morris, John G., Baltimore, Md., April 25, 1859.
Muller, Albert, London, England, June 12, 1871.
Myer, Julius, Brooklyn, N. Y., October 10, 1864.
Nason, William A., Algonquin, Ill., January 13, 1862.
tNeely, Thomas B., Philadelphia, Pa., June 8, 1863.
Nieto, Jose A., Mexico, March 12, 1866.
Norton, Edward, Farmington, Conn., October 14, 1861.
*Nuttell, Robert, Philadelphia, Pa., November 26, 1860.
Osborn, Herbert, Ames, Iowa, June 28, 1897.
Osten Sacken, R. von, Heidelberg, Germany, March 28, 1859.
Packard, A. S., Jr., Providence, R. I., October 14, 1861.
*Parker, CharlesF., Cooper's Point, N. J., November 11, 1861.
Peck, George W., New York, N. Y., January 15, 1866.
tPennypacker, J. T., Philadelphia, Pa., February 9, 1877.
Pettit, Johnson, Grimsby, Canada, November 12, 1866.
*Phillips, Henry, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa., February 11, 1867.
*Pine, William S., Philadelphia, Pa., June 27, 1859.
Poe, James H., Portsmouth, Ohio, August 11, 1862.
Poey, Felipe, Havana, Cuba, January 11, 1864.
Pool, Isaac A., Chicago, Ill., October 14, 1861.
Putnam, F. W., Salem, Mass., September 11, 1865.
Rathvon, S. S., Lancaster, Pa., October 13, 1862.
tReakirt, Tryon, Philadelphia, Pa., July 13, 1863.
Reber, Abraham S., Howard, Pa., January 13, 1862.
Reed, Edmund Baynes, London, Canada, November 13, 1865.
*Rehn, James A. G., Philadelphia, Pa., May 13, 1910.
Reizenstei, Baron von, New Orleans, La., June 12, 1865.
Rich, Harvey J., Brooklyn, N. Y., December 8, 1862.
*Ridings, James H., Philadelphia, Pa., February 9, 1863.
*Ridings, William, Philadelphia, Pa., February 11, 1867.
Riley, C. V., Washington, D. C., November 13, 1865.
Riotte, Charles N., Costa Rica, January 11, 1864.
Robinson, Coleman T., New York, N. Y., February 13, 1865.
Ross, Alexander M., Toronto, Canada, November 19, 1871.
Russell, A. B., Shreveport, La., March 12, 1866.
Sachs, Hermann, New York, N. Y., September 9, 1867.
Salle, Auguste, Paris, France, January 15, 1866.

57
Salvin, Osbert, London, England, June 28, 1897.
Sanborn, Francis G., Boston, Mass., February 13, 1865.
Sartorius, C., Mexico, January 12, 1863.
Saunders, William, Ottawa, Canada, October 13, 1862.
Saussure, Henri de, Geneve, Switzerland, January 15, 1866.
Say, Lucy W., Newburg, N. Y., April 13, 1863.
Scudder, Samuel H., Cambridge, Mass., October 14, 1861.
*Seeber, C. Ernest, Philadelphia, Pa., November 10, 1862.
*Seiss, C. Few, Philadelphia, Pa., December 12, 1893.
Sharp, David, Cambridge, England, April 28, 1898.
Shimer, Henry, Mt. Carroll, Ill., December 10, 1866.
*Skinner, Henry, Philadelphia, Pa., March 9, 1883.
Slosson, Annie Trumbull, New York, N. Y., June 8, 1891.
*Smith, Benj. H., Philadelphia, Pa., March 9, 1868.
Smith, George D., Boston, Mass., January 12, 1863.
Smith, John B., New Brunswick, N. J., June 28, 1897.
Sommer, M. C., Altona, Germany, October 9, 1865.
Sonne, Charles, Chicago, Ill., November 14, 1864.
Sprague, Henry S., Buffalo, N. Y., July 13, 1863.

Stainton, H. T., London, England, November 9, 1863.
Staudinger, Otto, Blasewitz, Germany, June 28, 1897.
Stauffer, Jacob, Lancaster, Pa., October 13, 1862.
*Strecker, F. Hermann, Reading, Pa., November 12, 1866.
Stretch, Robert H., San Francisco, Cal., June 13, 1870.
Suffert, E., Matanzas, Cuba, November 13, 1865.

Sumichrast, Francois, Mexico, March 12, 1866.
Talbot, Robert B., New York, N. Y., March 9, 1863.

*Tatnall Edward, Jr., Wilmington, Del., July 13, 1863.
Tepper, F. W., Brooklyn, N. Y., July 13, 1863.
Tepper, John, Brooklyn, N. Y., August 10, 1863.
Thomas, Cyrus, Murphysboro, Ill., December 9, 1861.
*Thomas, Lancaster, Philadelphia, Pa., April 23, 1896.
Thomas, W. H. B., Mount Holly, N. J., July 23, 1860.

Trimble, Isaac P., Newark, N. J., December 11, 1865.
Uhler, John C., Lebanon, Pa., October 23, 1860.
Uhler, Philip R., Baltimore, Md., May 9, 1859.
*Ulke, Henry, Washington, D. C., March 28, 1859.
Van Patten, C. H., San Jose, Costa Rica, October 14, 1872.

58
Walsh, Benjamin D., Rock Island, Ill., October 14, 1861.
Walsingham, Lord. (See DeGrey.)
Weidemeyer, J. W., New York, N. Y., July 11, 1859.
*Welles, Charles S., Elwyn, Pa., January 22, 1891.
*Wellman, F. Creighton, Benguella, Africa, October 24, 1907.
*Wenzel, Henry W., Philadelphia, Pa., April 23, 1896.
*Wenzel, William, Philadelphia, Pa., April 11, 1859.
Westwood, J. 0., London, England, November 14, 1864.
Whiteman, J. S., Farms School, Pa., August 13, 1860.
*Wiest, Daniel, Philadelphia, Pa., July 8, 1861.
Wild, J. P., Egg Harbor City, N. J., March 9, 1863.
*Wilson, Rathmel, Philadelphia, Pa., March 11, 1867.
*Wilson, William S., Philadelphia, Pa., November 10, 1862.
*Wingate, J. D., Bellefonte, Pa., June 25, 1860.
Wood, William H. S., New York, N. Y., November 11, 1861.
*Wood, Stuart, Philadelphia, Pa., October 14, 1872.
Xanthus, John, Mexico, January 12, 1863.
Ziegler, Daniel, York, Pa., April 13, 1863.
NOTE.-Of many of those mentioned in the foregoing lists nothing
is known. Any corrections will be thankfully received by the Corresponding Secretary of the Society, at the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.

III.
ACT OF INCORPORATION
WHEREAS, it is represented to the Legislature that a number of persons have formed a Society in Philadelphia, by the
name of "The Entomological Society of Philadelphia," for the
improvement and advancement of Entomological Science and
the investigation of the character and habits of insects, many
of which in their ravages are destructive of the products of
agriculture, and in order that the purposes thereof may be
carried into better effect,
Therefore,
SECTION 1.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in
General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That James Ridings, Thomas B. Wilson, William S. Wood, Charles Wilt, Thomas Cox, Thomas B. Ashton,
John Pearsall, Louis Schneider, James W. M'Allister, William
Wolter, James H. B. Bland, Robert Jack, Charles J. Wood,
George Newman, Ezra T. Cresson, John Meichel, Henry Feldman, William Evett, Samuel H. Shinn, George Hill, William
Wenzel, William Kay, J. Frank Knight, Henry Ulke, Joseph
Dunkerley, Hugh Dunbar, William S. Pine, Louis C. Gropengeisser, John Knight, F. Englehardt, Theodore Bunte, James
H. M'Farland, William S. Ballantine, George H. Horn, Horace
B. Mitchell, James H. Smith, Charles A. Blake, James D.
Dowling, Robert Nuttel, Samuel Lewis, Jacob Ennis, William
Lumbry, Thomas Daly, Jr., William A. Royal, J. D. Wingate,
Daniel Wiest, George Hewston, Charles F. Parker, Robert
Frazer, John M'Meichel, George W. Gallierd, Edgar Cowan,
Joseph Moore, Jonathan Roberts Lowrey, Joseph Rex, William
F. Smith, Peter C. Shannon, G. W. Wimley, and such other
persons as now are or hereafter may become Members of said
Society, agreeably to its rules and regulations, shall be and they
are hereby constituted and created a body corporate, by the
name and title of "The Entomological Society of Philadelphia,"
and by the above name the said Corporation shall have perpetual succession, have a -common seal, with power to change
the same, shall be able to make contracts and capable in law

60
and equity of purchasing, receiving, holding and conveying all
estates, real, personal or mixed, for the use and benefit of the
said Corporation, and that may be required for the above purposes: Provided, That the clear yearly value or income of the
said estate, shall not at any time exceed the sum of five thousand dollars.
SECTION 2.

That the said Society shall consist of Mem-

bers resident and corresponding, who shall be elected upon
such terms and under such regulations as the Society shall
determine; but the right of voting, holding office and transacting business, shall be confined solely to resident Members.
SECTION 3.

That the officers of the Society shall consist

of a President, a Vice-President, a Corresponding Secretary,
a Recording Secretary and a Treasurer, whose respective
duties shall be determined by the Society, and for that and all
other purposes, the said Corporation shall have the power to
make and adopt any By-laws, and to establish and put in execution all such Regulations for the government or management
of the said Society, as shall be deemed expedient and not
inconsistent with the Constitution and Laws of the United
States, and of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
JOHN ROWE,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
L. W. HALL,
Speaker of the Senate.
Approved the eleventh day of April, Anno Domini, one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
A. G. CURTIN.
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH,

HARRISBURG, April 19th, 1862.
PENNSYLVANIA,

SS.

I do hereby certify, that the foregoing and annexed is
a full, true and correct copy of the original Act of the General Assembly, entitled "An Act to incorporate The Entomological Society of Philadelphia," as the same remains on file
in this office. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my
hand, and caused the Seal of the Secretary's Office to be
affixed, the day and year above written.
SAMUEL B. THOMAS,
[L. S.]
Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth.

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