£ ILLINOIS Production Note Digital Rare Book Collectionſ Rare Book & Manuſcript Library Univerſity of Illinoiſ Library at Urbana—Champaign 2021 THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY qx 09 TeZh 5 o onconemmiomamamao mmmmmmmmmmenſ—— L —_— 1% iaam HISTORIE — FOVREFOOTED | BEASTES. Deſcribi'ng the true and linely figure of enuery Beaſt, with a diſcourſe of their ſenerall N(ameſ, Conditionſ, K indeſ, Oertueſ (both naturall and medicinall) Countriceſ of their breed, their loue andhate to Mankinde, and the wonderfallworke of God in their Creation, Preſeruation, * and Deſtruction. Neceſſary for all Dinineſ and Studentſbecauſe the ſtory of enery Beaſt iſ amplified with Narrationſ our of Serip= — Eureſ, Fatherſ, Phyloſopherſ pPhyſitianſ, and poetſ : wherein are detlared dinerſ Hyerogliphickſ Emblemſ, Epigramſ, and other good Hiſtorieſ, Collected out of allthe Volumeſ of C o n® a v ſ G ® 5 n a n, and all Other Writerſ to thiſ preſent day. ByEDwarpd TorſriL. Id, »/Z L 0 N D 0 N, Printed byWilliam laggard. 1 6 0 Iſ | The Epiſtle $f Yet now of lte daieſ thiſ cuſtome hath bin almoſt difcontinued to the mfi:{lte prein— | dice of ſacred inniolable Learning and Science, for Turpiſ ſepe fama datur minoribuſ, (aſ Auſoniuſ wyote in hiſ time) for indeed the reaſon iſ preenant : , Haud facilecmergunt quorum virtutibuſ obſtat, Reſ anguſta domi. | But yet the great Rectour or Chawncellor of all the Academyeſ in the world Ic_ſus Chriſt, Inwhom arc hid all the treaſureſ of wiſedome andknowledge, the Maiſer of that Colledge whercin he waſ but a Sernant or Steward, That waſ learned in all thelear— <& ning of the Egyptianſ, (Imeane Myſeſ)rhefirſt writer, the firſt Author, the fir ſI com— mender of kno?vlmgct, and thefirſt ordainer of a lawfull Common—wealth, and riler of Chiirch and ſtate, hath not leaft our age without ſome monumentſ of great Princeſ Earlſ, Lordſ and Knightſ for the Ornament and honour of learning, who for generall and par— ticular cauſeſ and benefitſ hane added their nameſ to the ſociety of writerſ, and divalged their workeſ inprint, which are likely to be remembred to the worldſ end. Such are our moſt temperate, Iuſt , VViſe, and Learned King and Soneraigne. The Right Noble, and Honourable Earle of Surrey , long ago departed out of thiſ earthly Hotizon. The now li— #ing Earleſ of Dorſet, Northampton, Saliſbury, and many. Knightſ, Sir Phillip Sid—= ney, Sir George Moore, SirRichard Bartlert, Sixr Fraunciſ Haſtingeſ, and orherſ. But of Aaxonſ, and ſuch aſ ſit at the Helme of the Church, or are woorthily aduawnced for their knowledge in learning and {tate, I meane both Biſhopſ and Doitorſ, almoſt in— numerable of all whom Ican ſay no more, if Iwere woorthy to ſay any thing, then apply vnto them par ricularly that which waſ {aid of one of the greateſt ſchollerſ and Dinineſ that Bith, Incl. ewer Epgland had. ———— Dicobſecro ſanGa Poſteritaſ, nec enim mihifaſ eſt dicere : tantum Detantiſ tacitum, aut tantoſ audire inuabit. Then why ſhould I preſume, being enery way the leaſt ind meaneſt of all other, now the third time to publiſb any part of my concernned {Pudieſ for the age preſent and ſucceeding, and ſo to hane my name inrolled amongi#t the benefactorſ and Authorſ of Learning. >———————— Non omnia grandior gtaſ, Quez fugiamuſ habet ; ſeriſ venit vſuſ ab anniſ. Alaſfiv Thawe newer abounded in any thing , except want and labor, and Ithanke God that one of theſe hath bin pre pared to feed the ot her ,therefore 1 wil not ſtand vpen any manſ ob— iectionſ,who like Horſeſ aſ it iſ in the fable being led empty,wel fed,and without burden do feorne the laden Affe ,adding miſery to b iſ loade til hiſ backe waſ brokeand then waſ al laid avpon the pampred di{dainfull Horſe : enen ſ0, theſe prond diſpleaſing ſpivitſ are caſed by the laborſ of vſ that beare their burthenſ; and if they content not themſelueſ with eaſc,but wal alſo ſit in the ſeat of the ſcorn ful let them remeber, that when euy backſ be broke,they muſt & takevp the carrlage.But pardon me (I beſcech youy if by way of preface I open my hart wvite yoir Wor: who iſ better able ther ten thouſand of the Momuſſeſ, and more charitably 'ge— Heronſinreteining /zctc/: giftſ wcthſſ the right hande (aſ theſe are) although they were Gitxen auvith the left 5 for ſceing I hane choſen you the patron of thiſ worke, Iuvil brcefelydeclare and open iny mind dato you concerning the whole Volume, ſparing any other praifeſ of your demeritſ then thoſe ſufuhſ(þ by Martialliaze afcyibed to Regoluſ, vvhich Iovillvuithout flattery or feare of the enuiouſ thuſ apply onto jou : Cum ſi_r Sophice par fama & cura deorum [SSS.Trinitatiſ] Ingchio pietaſ necmiiner ipſa tuo. f Ignorat meritiſ dare mimera, quitibilibrum . Etquimiratur [Nejile] Thura dari. S So then Zeſdſi{mg l/zcſiſh pervationſ, ,1 vuil endeanor to proue vnto you'that thiſ vverk which Inow publiſh and dioulge wnto the world, vnder the patronage of your name iſ Dinineci raemt onniNmniimiSnmeninc Ye oooet ot mnetmeaiemmmmeumet neceſſaric for all men to knowvu; tyue ,and t/zercſſfore vvithout ſlander or Suſpicionſ ſcandall 30 be receined 5 and that wo man ought rather to publiſh thiſ vnto the World fLeiL a Puh or Preacher. For the firſt, that the knovvledge of, Bea aſtſ ,like aſ the \ mſſlct:};ſi—ct of th " L,-;ſict creatureſ and workeſ of God. iſ Detine, I ſee no canſe why any map ſhm[deſiſizſſ/mbf t; a Secing that at the firſt they were exeated and bronght to man aſ we mayread C;ſſſfl It -oj: ®— ictfl 2.1.24,25. and allby the Lord himſcife, ſo that their life and creation iſ Denine in reſpeit of their ma— ceveermme t emmt Ioema — Dedicatory. ker their naming dinine,in reſpeet thatAdam out of the plenty of hiſ owendenine wiſdome, gane them their ſeneral appellationſ,aſ it were out of a Fountaine of propheſie, fore(bewing the nature of enery kind in one elegant & ſignificant denomination, which to the great loſſe of alt hiſ children waſ taken arvay,toft ,cr confounded at Babel.When I affirm that the know— ledg of Beaſlſ iſ DenineI do meane no other thing then the right and perfelt deſcription of their nameſ, figureſ, and natureſ, and thiſ iſ in the Creator himſelf moſt Denine,Gy there= fore ſuch aſ iſ the fountain , ſuch are the (treamſyſſuingfr® the ſame into the mindſ of men. Now it iſ moſt cleare in Gen. how the Holy ghoſt remembreth the ereation of al lining crea= tureſ, and the Four—footed next before the creation of man , aſ thogh they alone were apoin— tedtheVſberſ, going innmediately before the race of men. And therefore all the Denineſ ob— ſerne both in the Habrew , in the Greeke and Latine that they werecreated of three ſeneral ſortſ or kindſ.The firſt LIamentum, aſ Oxen,Horſe, Affeſ & ſuch like, Quia hominum tuvamenta. 7TÞ%e ſecond , Reprile quia hominum medicina. The rhird, Beſtia 1: & vaſtando, for that they were wild & depopulatorſ of other their affaciat:,rzſing alſo againſt man, after that by hiſ ful he had loſt hiſ firſt image & integrity. Now were it not a knowvu— ledge Denine ,why ſhould the boly Scripture relate it ,and dewide the kindſ ? Yeay why ſhould alboly men take exampileſ frothe natureſ of Beaſtſ)Birdſycoc. & Aplythe to henenly thingſ, except by the ordinance of God they were both allowed and commaunded ' ſo0to do5and there— fore inn admiration of them the prophet David crieth ont,Quam magnifica ſunt operatua domine; omnia in ſapientia feciſti— The o/ld Manicheeſ among orher blaſphemieſ accuſed the creation of hurtfull, venomouſ,rauening, and deſtroying Beaſtſ affirming them to bee made by an enill God,and alſo they accuſed the er cation of Mice and other vaprofitable erea— tureſ, becauſe their dulneſſe waſ no kinder to the Lord, (but likecrnel and conctouſ muſerſ, made no account of thoſe beaſtſywhich broght not profit to their purſe. You know (Right Ler— med D.) how that grane Father anſwereth that calumny, firſt affirming that the fame thing which ſeemed ydic to men, waſ profitable to God 5 and the ſame that appeared vgly to them, waſ beautifail to him, Qai ompibuſ vtitur ad gubernationem vniuerſi . He therefore wiſely compareth a fool that knowſ not the vſe of the creatureſ in thiſ World. )to one ignorant that commeth into the workebouſe of a cunning man, viewing a number of ſtrange' tooleſ, and hawing no cunning but in an Axe or a Rakeythinketh that al thoſerare innentionſ of 4 vviſeWorkman are yale toieſ : and vvhilſt thuſ hethinketh, wandr ing to and fyo, not loo. king to hiſ feet , ſuddenly falleth into ſome furnace in the ſime Work—houſe,,or chance to take vp ſome ſharpe tool whereby he iſ vvounded,then he alſo thinketh that the ſame are hurtful and danngerouſ—Qgorum tamen vſum quia nouit artifex, inſi pientiam eiuſ irridet, & verba incptanon curanſ officinam ſuam conſtanter exercet. B vwe that are aſhamed to deny the vſe of inffrumentſ in the ſhopſ of rare Artiſanſ,but rather admire their innen— tion yet are not ofraid to condenan in Godſ {for ehouſe ſundry of hiſ creatureſ ywhich arerare inuentionſ, although throuch folly we be vvounded or harmed by them ,and therfore he con cludeth that al beaſtſ are either vrilia,and againſt them we dare not ſþeake 5 or pernitioſa, wherebywe are terrifiedthat we ſhould not lone thiſ perillonſ life, or elſetheyare Superfiua, vohich to affirme were moſt ridiculouſ: for aſ in a great houſe all thingſ are not for vſe,but fome for ornament | ſo iſ it m thiſ World;the inferior pallace of God. Thuſ far Auſten. Therfore I willconclude thiſ fir ſt part, that not only the knowledge of the profitable exea— tnre iſ divine , and waſ fir ſt of all tanght by God ,but alſo of the burtfull :For awiſe Man Laith Salomon,ſeeth the Plague (by the reuelation o #f Gody and hideth himſelfe from it, AndLohn Bap: Quiſvoſ docuitabiraventura fugere. Theſe thingſ hane I principallie Iaboured in thiſ Treatiſe,to ſhew vnrto men what Beaſtſ are theiſ friendeſ, and what their Enemieſy vohich to truſt ;andabuch avoyd, in which to find noriſbment, and which to ſhun aſ poiſon. Another thing that perſwadeth me in the neveſſarie v/e of thiſ hiſtory, that it waſ devine vo aſ the preſernation of al creatureſ lining , which are ingendred by copulation (ex= cept Fiſheſ ſin the arke of Noak :vnto whom it pleaſed the treator at that time to infuſe an inflinet, and bring them home to wran aſ to a fold* ſurelyit waſ for that a man might game out of them much dentwe knowledge—ſrch aſ iſ imprinted in them by nature ſ a tipe or ſpark of that gr iſedome whereby they vvere created.In mice and Serpentſ aforeknowledge of thingſ to come ;n the Aunt and Piſmite a prouidence againſt old ageſ in the Bear thelone of youg : in the Lyon hiſ ſtately pateſin the Cock &r ſheep, change of weather 5 aſ S. Baſill iſ ppriromtinifrmmcinegton emmt ma The Epiſtle Hiſ Hexamiron, etiam in Britiſ quidam futori ſenſuſ eſt, vt noſ digti ſimuſ ſed de futuro ſeculo omne ſtudium habeamuſ. ay For thiſ cauſe there were of beaſtſ in boly ſeripture three holyvſeſ, one for —[acrifice, ano— Yher in viſion, and a third for reproofe andinſtruction. In Sacrificeſ were .I/!t Cleane [mſt:,ſſ which men were bound firſ? to knowe, and then to offer'ſ for it iſ vnred ſonable that thoſe zhingſ ſhould be (acred at the Lordeſ altar, which are refuſed worthily at prinate menſ Ta— bleſ.Naw although we hane no vſeof ſacrificing of Beaſlſ, Nam ſicut bruta pro pece atiſ immolabantur, ita iam vitia pro corporibuſ. 17 we hawe wvſe of cleane Beaſtſ for foode and nouriſbment, and therefore for the inriching of the mindſ and Tableſ of inen , t iſ nece— [ary to know not onely the liberty that we hane to eaſ, but alo the quality anid nntriment .of the Beaſtwe eat , not for any Religion, but for health and corpor all neceſſity. T hiſ point iſ alſe opened in thiſ ſtory, and the other of Sucrifice, wherein I hane not omitted to ſpeak of the Di— uine vſe of enery Beaſt ,bothamong the Leweſ, and amaong the prephane Gentileſ.Now for the ſecond holy vſe of Beaſtſ in viſionſ, the Prophet Danielſ viſienſ, ad Ezxckielſ, and S. To{inſ in the Renelation doe teſtifie of them., whereby the moſt Denineſ hane obſerned how Great Princeſ and kingdomeſ after they hane ſhaken off the pyaitiſe of Iuſtice and picty turn Tyrantſ and rawening Bedſtſ.For [0 man being in honor vnder{landeth not out becommeth like the Beaſtſ that periſh ,and ſo aſ Dioniſiuſ /aith by viſionſ of beaſtſInfimareducuntur per media in ſuprema. Now there were aſ 5. Auguſftine /aith,three kindſ of viſionſSen— ſibileſ,intelleQAualeſ,& imaginarize:zhe frſ? were meſt pregniit becauſe to the vnderſtan= ding and conceining ,a man nenerloſt hiſ ſenceſ, and therefore Ged did ſodainely create ſa— uage Beaſtſ both of naturall and extraordimary ſhapeſ, whereby he ſhbewed to hiſ ſerwantſ the Prophetſ ,the ruine or vpriſing of | beaſtly ſkateſ and kingdomeſ.Andnet enely thuſ, but al— ſo in heanen (aſ Saint Lohn ſaith)there are foure Beaſiſ full of eyeſ before the throne of God: both which mult needſ magnific the knowledge that we may hane of theſe Quadrupedeſſ for ſeeing God hath v/ed them aſ Sacramentſ or Myſterieſ to containe hiſ will ( not onely in monſtrouſ treble—headed, or ſenen— horned:—ſhapeſ) but alſo inpureordinary,matural limſ & mtherſthow ſhalwe be able to geſſe at the meaning in the ſeeret that do not vnderſtandthe renealed? And what vſe can we make of the innifible pdrt of that Sacrament, where we know not the meaning of the viſible ? Doth the Lord compare the Dinell to a Lyon 5 enill Imdgeſ to eareſ ſ falſe prophetſ to Wolueſ;, ſecret and crafty perſecutorſ to Foxeſ; open ene— mateſ in hoſtility to wilde Boareſ 5 Heretickeſ and Ifalſe Preacherſ to Scorpionſ ; good men to the Fowleſ of Heanen,and Martyrſ to Sheep, and yet we hane wo knowledge of the nature of Iyonſ,Wolneſ, Beareſ, Foxeſ, Wilde—Boreſ, or Scorpionſ. Suzely when Salomon /@ith to the fluagard go to the Piſmire, he willeth him to learne the nature of the Piſmire, and them according thereto reforme hiſ mannerſ : And o all the world are bid to learne the natureſ of all Beaſtſ ,for there iſ alwvay ſomething to be learned in there, according to thiſ ſaying of Saint BaſiL A deo nihil non prouidum in naturee rebuſ eſtneque quicquam pertinen— tiſ ,ad ſe curee experſ,& 1 ipſaſ animalinum parteſ conſideraueriſ, inuenieſ quod ne— queſuperfluum quid conditor appoſuit, neque neceſſaria detraxit. The» it being cleare that enery beaſt iſ a natural viſion, vvhich vve ought to ſce and vnderſtand, for the more cleare apprehenſion of the inuiſible Maieſly of God, I vuill conclude that 1 hane not. omitted thiſ part of the vſe of Beaſtſ, but hane collected, expreſſed, and declared, vubat the vuri terſ of all ageſ hane heerein obſerned. t — . Noww the third and /aſt holy vſe that iſ made of ; 354]}; in Seripture, iſ for reproefe and inſiruition ſ [o the Lord in Iob.Ch, 38 , &y 39 mentioneth the Lyon, the Rauen, the Wild Goatſ, the Hindeſ, the Hinde—Calueſ, the Wilde— Aſſeſ, the Vnicorn ,ct;*ht Oſtrith; the Sto Z— the Puiſſant—Horſe,the Hanke, the Lagle, the Vulture ,the Whale ,and the Drct.!:m 4 hctſi; the Fovvleſ, Filbeſ, Serpentſ,and Four—footed—Beaſtſ : Al avhich he reckeneth aſ known t/z:ings to Io[z,ſimd deſcourſeth of aſ ſtr ange thingſ iin their natureſ aſ any vve hane inſer . he rtten Ehefl er yge may Repeay E oy at V h u eied t bapaal uhe rie— Shall Ict'ylde heereunto hovu Moſeſ, and all the prophetſ, SuintIolhnBaptiſt,ory moſt bleffed preſentivit® non ad— Dedicatory. Ulefſed Saniour,ſaint Paule, and all the Writerſ (ince hiſ time (hoth auntient and lattery hane made profeſſion of thiſ part of Dininity 5 ſo that he waſ an ovnſkilfull Denuine and not apt to teach, which could not at hiſ fingerſ end ſpeake of theſethingſ : for (ſaith our Saui— our, If I tell you earchly thingſ and ye beleeue not, how ſhall ye beleeue when Iteil youheauenly thingſ ? ſ Salomon, aſ ſ iſ witneſſedin holy Seripture,wrote of Plantſ, of Birdſ, of Fiſheſ, and Beſiz(tſſs, andenen then when he ſtood in good fauour vvith God, therefore it iſ an exercife of the higheſt Wiſdome to tranell in, and the Nobleſt mindeſ to ſtudy in : for in it aſ I wil (bew zou (with your good patience for Thawe no other Praefaceythere iſ both the knowledge of god and man. If any man obiciet Multa multidemuſcade a picula de vermiculo, paucade Deo, Zwillanſwer vviththe wordſ of Theodoruſ Gaza : Permulta enim de Deco iſ tractat,qui doctrina rerum conditarum exquiſitiſima, conditorem ipſum declarat, neque muſca; neque vermiculuſ omittenduſ eſtvbi de mira ſolertia Agitut: Wheynpto Saint Auſten agreerh vuhen he ſaith, Maieſtarem divinam gque in formicx membriſ atque magno inuento tranante flovium: Apd for the knovuledge of man, many and moſt excellent ruleſ for publickeandprinateaffaireſ, both for preſerning a good Conſcience and anoiding an enill danpger , are gathered from Beaſtſ : It were to long to run ouer all, leſ me(Lbeſeech you, be boldto reckon a few vohich diſcendfrom nature our common parent; andtherefore are neither ſtrained, counterfait, inconſtant, or deceiptfull y but free, full of power toper{wade , true,hawing the ſzale of the higheſt for their enidence ſ conſtant and ne+ wer altred in any age : faithfull, ſuch aſ hane beene tryed at fire and Touch—ſtone., ſ Were not thiſ a good perſwaſion againſt neurder , to ſee all beaſtſ ſ0to maintaine their na= zuveſ; that they kill not their owne kind= Who iſ a vnnaturall and wnthankefull to hiſ pa= rentſ y but byreading how the young Storkeſ and NWood—peckerſ doin their parentſ olde agefeed and nouriſh them, willnot repent, amend hiſ folly , and bee more natarall ? Whar mam 1ſ ſo void of compaſſion; that hearing the bonnty of the Bone—breaker—Birde to rhe young Eagleſ, will not become more liberalleWhere iſ there ſvch a ſluggard and drone;that conſidereth the labourſ, paineſ y and tranelſ of the Emmiet, Little—bce, Field—monſe,Squir= rell, and ſuchother that wwillnot learne for ſhame to he more induſiriouſ, and lſerbizfingerſ to worke ? Why ſhould any wean lining fall to do enill againſt hiſ Conſcience;or at the Femptac tion of the Denill, ſecing a Lyon wili newer yeeld: Mori—ſcit vnici neſcit 5 and ſeerng the little Wremdotbhfight with an Eagle, contending for Soneriignty? woulde it not make all men to renerence a good King ſet oner them by God ? Seeing the Bect ſoeke out'their King if he looſe himſelfe, and by a moſt {agacionſ {melling—ſenceynener ceaſetill he be fournd otty and then beare himupen their bodieſ if he be not able to fly 5but if he die they allforſake him; .Andwhat King iſ not inwited to clemency, and dehorted from tyranny, Seeing the king of Beeſ hath aſfting , but newer vſeth the ſame? y \f How great iſ the loue and faithfulneſſe of Doggeſ, the meekneſſe of Elephantſ, themo= deſty or ſhamefaſineſſe of the aduiterouſ Lyoneſſe,the neatneſſeand politareof the Cat und Peacdeke;thcinſtice of the Bee vvhich gatherethfrom all flowerſ that whichſerneth their turne, ad yetdeſtroyethnot the feower The care of the Ni ghtingalero ake her voice ple=. Sant, thechaſtity of a Turtle, the Canonicall voice and watehfulneſſe of aCorke, and to con— clude the vtility of a Sheepe : All theſe— and tenthouſand more Iconldrecite, to ſhew wvhar the knowledge of the nature of bratiſh ereatureſ doth worke'or teach the mindſ of men, but I vvillcontlude thiſ part @viththe vvordſof S—lexomagiinſt Iouinian Ad Herodem dicitur propter malitiam. Ite & dicire vulpi huic, Zake 13. ad Scribuſ & Phariſeoſ genimina viperarum M?' 2 3 .ad libidinoſoſ equi— hinmeteſ inproximori forminaſ. Ier.5. devoluptwoſo nolitemittere margaritaſ veſtraſ 'ante porcoſ. De impudenti— buſ,nequeſan&um date canibuſ Mſ#, 7. de infidclibuſ Epheſicum beſtiſſ,pugnaui in ſimilitudinehominum, Ard thuſ f/&re S. Ictom : vuheveby we may boldly anerre by way of induition,that wherein the knowledge of God, the knowledge of man, the preceptſ of. Vertue, the meaneſ to anoid enill are to be learned, that Stienceſſ Dinine and ought of alt men to be inquired and ſought after : and ſuch hane 1 manifeſted in thiſ hiſtory ffllowing. New againe theneceſſity of thiſ Hiſtory iſ to be preferred before the Chronicleſ and re= tordſ [ccoanetImItminimeion yye ottt nninmrommmtmitemce: .dmt er ei ommmmmmemommonan oay mad e The Epiſtle :; cordſ of alageſ made by men becauſe the enxentſ cfi' -ZCZ:ZZI ſZ]: Z;Z l(:ſiz f;'ſi_ 3/] ';: ; {' :l: ":*2 : :cth ture ſach thingſ aſ ſhall nener againe come in vſe : b# eathied & how waſ made by God himſelfe,enery linang beaſt being a wordenery kind being a ſent 27?% A alof them togither a large hiſtory,containing 2dmirable knowledge & learning ,which waſ, mwhich iſ, which ſhall continue, (if not for ener) yet to theworldſ endſ Et patriſ, & noſtraſ, nounmqguc prematur in anpum Membraniſ incuſ poſitiſ delerelicebit — ' Quodnonadideriſ. hnn erattt The ſecond thing in thiſ diſcourſe which 1 hane prozmſed touffirme, iſ the truth of the Hy— feory of Greazureſ, for the marke of agood writer iſ tofollow truth and not dut_muhlt Fa— bleſ, And in thiſ kind I hane paſſed the ſtraighteſt paſſage, becauſe the relation of moſt thingeſ in thiſ Booke are taken out of Heathen wvriterſ, ſuch aſ peraducnture are many timeſ ſuperſtitiouſhy credulonſ, and hane added of their owne verie many raſh in— Rentionſ, without reaſon, authority, or probability, aſ if they had beene hyred to [ellſuch Fableſ: For,Nonbene conduGi vendunt periuriateſteſ, Zwon/d »oſ hane the Rea— der of theſe Hiſtorieſ to immagine that I hane inſertedor related all that ener iſ ſaide of theſe Beaſtſ, but onely ſo much aſ iſ ſarde by many, For in the mouth oftwo or three wineſſeſ ſtandeth cucrieword : apd if at any time IT hawe ſet downe a ſingle Teſtimeny, it waſ becauſe the matter waſ Cleare and needeth weot fi:r?lyfr probation, or elſe I hane laid it ipon the tredit of the Author with ſpecial wordſ not giving the Reader any warant from ane to beleeue it. | Beſideſ Thane taken regard to imitate the beſt Writerſ, whichwaſ eaſie for mee to doe, becauſe Geſner relateth enery manſ opinion (like acommon place or DiCtionary ,aſ he pro— felleth;Jandif at any time he ſcemed obſcure,I turnedto the Bookeſ— which thad at handeto geſſethcir meaning, putting in that which he had left out of many good Authourſ, ad lea— wing out many magicall deuiſeſ. Now although I hane v/ed no ſmall diligence or care in col— lecting thoſethingſ which were moſt effſentiall to enery Beaſt, moſt true witheut exceptien, and moſt enident by the Teſtimony of many good Authorſ, yet I hane delivered in thiſ trea— tiſe many ſtraunge and rare thingeſ, not aſ fictionſ,but Myracleſ of nature, for wiſemen to behold and obſerue to their ſingular comfort ,if they lone the power , glory, and praiſe of their maker , not withholding their conſent to the thingſ expreſſed; becauſe they intreat of lining thingſ made by God himſelfe—Siergo quaziimuſ quiſ fecerit deuſ eſt, Siper quod,dixit fiar, &efacta ſunt: Siquarefiat, quia bonuſ eſt. Necenimautor eft excellentior deo, necarſefficacior deiverbo, neccauſa melior, quamvt bonum crearetur a dee bono, and thiſ Plato 'ſ2id/waſ the onely cauſe of the worldſ ereation,vt a deo bone opera bona fierent.— ſ Now Idee in a fort challenge a conſent vnto the probability of theſethingeſ to wiſe and learnedmen.althoughno beleefe, For Fideſ ,iſ credere inuiſibilia; bux# conſenſuſ iſ a e/ea— hing or yeelding to a relation vntillthe manifeſtation of another truth; and when any man fhalliuſily reproue any thing T hane written for falſe and exonconſ,Iwillnot (licke to releaſe the Readerſ conſent ,but make ſatiſfaition for w/urpation But for the rude and vulgar ſort (who being vtterly ignorant of the operation of Learning ,do preſently condemne al [ ſtrange thingſ which are not ingrau2 m the palimſ of theirown handſ pr enidenſ in their own heardſ and flockeſy: Icare not, for my eaveſ hawe heard fome of them ſpeake againſt the Hiſtorie of < Sampſon, vuhere he tiedfire—brandſ to the taileſ of Poxeſ, and many of them againſ} the myracleſ of Chriſt. I'may remember youR. NN..yof a Countrie tale of an old Maſſe—Prieſft in the daieſ of Henry the eight, vuho reading in Engliſh after the tranſlation of the Bible, the mixacleof the fixe loaneſ and tuvo Fiſheſ, and vuhen hee came to the verſe that recko— '*neth the number of the ghneſtſ or eaterſ of the banguet, hee panſed a little, and at laſt ſaid, theywwere about fiie bhundred:The clarke, that vvaſ alittle vviſer, vohiſperedinto the priefiſ eareſ that it waſ fine thouſandbut the prieſt turned backe and replied vvith indig— nation Hold your peace ſircha, we ſhall neuer make them beleeue they werefilue hun— dred. Suth Dedicatory. Such prieflſ, ſuch People, ſuchperſonſ 1 (þall draw vpon my backe, and although I doe not challenge a power of not erring, yet becauſe I ſpeake of the power of God, that iſ vnli— mitable , Iwill be bold to anerre that for truth in the Booke of creatureſ (although firſt eb— eth hid in euery beaſtby nature, which thing we hancendeuored to explaine in thiſ our Treatiſe. Moreoucr thereare many neceſſary obſeruationſ about meate, drinke;ſlecpe, watching, quietneſſe, and perturbation of affectionſ in men, and other naturall motionſ whereby health iſ to be preſerued,the perfeGeſtruleſ and exampleſ thereofare to bee drawen frombruit beaſtſ, vato the vie of men. And Ihave proned by the inſpection into thiſ knowledge, that herein iſ layed the lar— geſt foundation of Medicine, either by drawing it from thoſe thingſ which do naturally flow and fall from the beaſtſ,or that which they ſuffer and endure,or elſe from thoſe thingſ which they hane obſeruedtobe in them; for it more ſafe and without impiety, to make tryallofa new Medicine vpon a beaſt, rather then vpon a man . And laflly , ſecing diverſ Medicineſ ariſe out of euery partof enuery beaſt almoſt, all which wg haue recited in one place Methodically together, and partafter part, heereby the Phyſitian ſhall reape thiſ commodity , that when he hath any beaſt in hiſ hand, by looking into thiſ worke he ſhall find what part he ought to reſerue for medicine, and alſo to what ſickneſſe it iſ to beap. plied. And after the ſame maner may euery man chuſe hiſ meat, and knew by chiſ treatiſe what iſ moſt, and what iſ leaſt nouriſhable, and agreeable to the nature of man. And if | pleaſed me to rehearſealthat commeth into thiſ catalogue about vtility of beaſtſ, I would ſhew you how many artſ and occupationſ of men,do raiſe maintenance and ſuſtentation from beaſtſ, both to ſellthem for mony, and alſo to take them for meate: aſ theFiſher— men which follow the waterſ, taking for food ſuch fiſheſ aſ by the ordinance of God, are ordained for that purpoſe. E They which are Graſyerſ and keepe cattell ofallſortſ, line vpon their changing, fat— ting, feeding, and ſelling . Thoſe which make Butter and Checſe, whereotf there are . many in the Mountaineſ of Helwe#ia,liue only vponthat labour, and thereforethe know— ledgeofKye, Oxen, Aſſeſ, Elkeſ, Reynerſ, Camelſ, and diuerſ other beaſteſ, iſ moſt ne— ceſſary for theſc men,from whom they draw Milke, and therefore good to maintaine and preſerue their healch . Therebe ſome Horſe—leacheſ, Cowe—leacheſ, Oxe—leacheſ, and ſuch like for thiſ purpoſe . There be that line only vpon the Marchandizeſ of their Skinſ, aſ Tawyerſ;Glouerſ, Currierſ, Shoomakerſ,and Breaſt plate—makerſ of Leatherſ, Sadlerſ, Leather—ſellerſ, Purſe—makerſ, and ſuch like. Some againe haue an Art to dreſſe the ſkinſ with their baire and wooll vpon them, for garmentſ. Some liue by keambing , ſhearing, ſpinning, clothing, and making ſundry ne— ceſſarieſ out of wooll, Goatſ haire, and Camelſ haire . Forthe vſe of the cattellalive, I mightbe endleſſe to ſhew all , firſtthe huſbandmen vſe Oxen and Aſſeſ, the vie of Hor— ſeſ and Muleſ, both for tra@aile and plowing , and carriage . The Art ofriding commen— dablefor allſortſ of men, both in peace and warre, not onely fot great Princeſ and Mo— narcheſ,but for enery Cittizen: many thingſ are vſed for buildingſ which canot be drawn or brought together , but by Oxen, Horſſeſ, Muleſ, Aſſeſ, Camelſ, Elephantſ,Reynerſ, Elkeſ , and ſuch like . Who knoweth not the vſe of Doggeſ,for they keepeHouſeſ, and catrell, and they attend, guard, and defend men : they hunt wilde beaſtſ, they drive them away, or kill, or retaine them co the hand of man, that he may be congueror of them . In ( fine, theknowledge of beaſtſ iſ profitable to many artſ, ſcienceſ,and occupationſ,which may be better perceined, by the particular practize and application of him that iſ ſtudi— ouſ thereof, then by any other meaneſ. Butinthe worke it ſelfe, it ſhalbe manifeſted what vſe and commodity ariſeth out of enery beaſt, what remedieſ , or Medicineſ, what for garmenteſ, what for meate, what for cartiage, what for prognoſtication of cuill w eather, what for pleaſure and paſtimeſ ;ſo aſ we ſhallnot need to proſecurc theſe partſ in thiſ preſent Epiſtle. Alſo there want not inſtructionſ out of beaſtſ, by imitation of whoſe exampleſ, thelineſ and mannerſ of men are to be framed to another and a better practiſe, which thing iſ ma— nifeſted by learned and wiſe men, but eſpecially by Theodoruſ Gaza, who diſcourſech ther— of inhiſ Preface vpon the bookeſ of Ariſfarle, of the parteſ of creatureſ; whoſe wordeſ we will recite in the Epiſtle to our Reader. Butif I ſhould ſhew at large and copionſly, how many thingſ may be collected out }?f p 4 2 the The firſ Epiftle theLnowledge of beaſtſ for familiar and houſholdaffaireſ, I'mightbe infinire} but ſeceing Thaue already ſhewedhow neceſſary they bee for huſbandry, for meat, for carriage,and ſuch like, it muſt be vnderſtood that all thoſe commoditieſ belong to thiſ part of Occo— nominall profit. E Thelike I may ſay of the pleaſure in their contemplation ſ for although all their vtilitieſ cannot be knowne, and in many thingeſ they are not benificiall to men, yet if a man be Skilhul and have any vnderſtanding;he ſhalbe muchdelighted bylooking into the natureſ of beaſtſ, by confideration of the many and infiuite differenceſ among them,, whether he reſpee their body ,or their mindſ, or theiractionſ: for what iſ more wonderfull then the voice or extemporall ſong of many Birdeſ, who although they be far diſtantand remote . from vſ, and will not abide our preſence for natural fear of death, yet iſ not the eleborate deuiſe of muſicall and artificiall numberſ, meaſureſ, and voyceſ of men comparable vnto them. P/iny that Star Snd ornament of hiſ time, ſpendeth a great deale of labour in the ad— miration of the Nigbtingale. And what man withall hiſ witte, canſuſficiently declareand proclaime the wonderfulinduſtriouſ mindſ of the little Emmetſand Beeſ,moucdalmoſt with no bodieſ, being filly thingſ, and yet indued with noble and commendable qualitieſ in deformed memberſ ; ſo that I might conclude, that there iſ not any beaſt which hadſi; notonely ſomtbing init which iſ rare, gloriouſ, and peculiar to himſelfe, but alſo ſome— thing that iſ deuine. Wherefore I may ſeeme a foole, to handle theſe thingſ ing Prefacewhich are copi— ouſly diſcourſed in the whole worke. Ariſet/e maketh ita truc property ofa Noble,libe— rall, and wellgouerned mind, to be more delighted with the rare, pleſant, and admi)rſſablc qualitieſ of a beaſt, then with the lucreand gaine that commeth thereby. For it iſ a token of a filtby, beaſtly ,illiberall, and wretched mind, to loue no more them wecanreape commodity by. There be very many thingſ which donotyealdany profit to thepoſſeſſorſ or ownerſ, but only pleaſethem,& allure their mindſ by outward form and beauty,ſo do the moſt pretiouſ ſtoneſ, aſ Adamantſ, Topazyeſ, lacyntheſ, Simaradgſ Chryſolyteſ, and many ſuck other thingeſ; by the wearing whereof, nOctmE\:] iſ dcliutg:- red either fromſickneſſe or perill (although ſome ſuperftitiouſ perſonſ put confidence inthem for ſuch vertueſ) but have creptinto the fauourand treaſureſ of men, onely be— canſelikeearthly ſtarſ they ſhine andglitter in the eieſ of men,reſembling the r;ſ 1lcn>:iant glory andlight of heauenly bodieſ,and other vſethey hane none : and in the mc;inc time. he that ſhould prefer free—ſtoneſ firted andſquared for buildingſ,or elſeVWhet—ſtoneſ orſi Mil—ſoneſ, and ſuch like, which are moſt neceſſary for priuaccſivſc and commodit p et doethey ſeeme vilein compariſon of otherſ ; and thatſhould prefer .all oſ them b{.?ſiy oneofthe other,he ſhould be acounted no wiſer then Ac/opſ @ocke : and if he ſhould gſc equallthem in price and eſtimation in like ſort, he ſhould bciudgcd ane rcpiouſis [9! Llt or foole ; and yetthe.beſt of theſe are withoutlife, withoutſ; piſit,immou;%lblg and mar thy. For thiſ cauſe there iſ noneof the creatureſ but deſerue, a far more adn;ir]aſic'imſſor(; eſtecme ; and amonglining creatureſ, allthoſe which containe noble ſpiritſin b:%n aſicI vile bodieſ , withour apt Organſ and inſtrumenteſ for the better mouing oftheir b cd;'m 2 For aſ in clockſ we admirethe leſſer more then the greater, ſo ought w tg d E VorIeE ſernarrow bodieſ indued with ſuch i i ra ſſ T ADEc E I6 W fat i a ſuc 1(rj1du}\1}rxous ſpiritſ, more then the greater, broader nd larger beaſtſ : for all workemen do ſhew m i he i 3 little ptgicc of worke, then the greater. re E Stad gunning in the ſmall and Solinuſ writethythat Alexander thegreathad Homeyſ 1/7;, freni 5.> cloſetogether;that it might be comaincgd in a Nut-ſhcſſct]ffi?i]i{(gg:]i?rgſiparChmſim) 2 the exileand curiouſ ſmall workſ of Myzmicidaſ the Mile, IV EWaSIHSHEOE t 1 y ileſtan, and Callicrateſ the Lacedemo— pian,for they made Chatiotſ {o ſmall,chat they might be couered withand vod & andinthebrimthereofthey wrote two exameter vſi;rſcs in Golden lett o 5 Grateſ, Solinuſ writeth, that hee made little Emmaetſ out of Ino . ſc ay A_nd bE Cctctf*ſi could not be diſcerned from the liue oneſ : euen ſo, nature hl:zc}:yſi 6 Rrſlſicmlly? thatle excell more in theſe vile creatureſ of no reputation ;hcu iu:zrcatcr 10(;1 auy Badt There iſ nothing that conſiſteth of matter and ſOr:nc, bantthoto :Zf\ſſioblgr creatureſ. . and the other vile ; andgherefore the body and theſoule in man, haue chc:l;]ſ;) :go;;_}:gz:: tex of (onraduſ Geſnernſ, ter, and the ſonl iſ the form, becauſe of the power of mouing ſenceſ, and adtionſ:where fore when we ſee all thefe powerſ , aſ it were predominant in a little creature that hach al— moſt no body(aſ the outward proportion of Emmetſ and Beeſywhat ſhal we thinkerbut how admirably iſ it able to worke without the matter in the forme alone, ſhewing it in a kind of viſible nakedneſ, to be ſeene withoutthe help of corporall Organſ ; and therefore they are notſet before vſ like ſportſ & paſtimeſ to reloyce at, but aſ honorable cmblemſ of Diuineand ſupernaturall wiſedome. For if we admire thelittle body of a man,becauſe he beareththe moſt gloriouſ ymage of all thingeſ in hiſ proportion, and the ymage of God in hiſ ſoule and minde , then certainely next to a man, wee oughttoadmiretheſe beaſtſ, which doſo reſemble man, aſ man doeth the eternallandliuing God , creator of them and him. P//zy vnſkilfully calleth nature the common parent of al creatureſ, which indeed iſ the infinite maieſty of God ; yet he writeth effectually , that there waſ no living creature made onely for thiſ cauſe, that it ſhould eat, or that it ſhould ſatiate and ſatiſfie other,but alſo it waſ ordained to be bred and brought foorth for ſauing Artſ; and there— fore it iſ ingrafted euen in the bowelſand intralſ of deate and dumbe thingſ. Now for the creatureſ which are profitable to men, aſ ſheep ,Ozxen, Horſeſ,and ſuch like, when welookevppon them, wee cannot onely admire the wiſedome and power of God in their creation,but alſo we ought to give hereby thankſ to hiſ maieſty for their cre= ationand conſeruation in their ſeuerallkindſ and orderſ, for the vſe and behoofe of men. And for thoſe thingſ which are altogither vnprofitable to men, we ought towoonder aſ much at their vileneſſe, aſ they want of profitableneſ : For thoſeadmirable giftſ and po— werſarenot common to all little beaſtſ, aſ we ſee they are in Elephantſ, Lyonſ, Camelſ, & ſuch other ,for then weſhould wonder at them theleſſe ; but yet in fom of thelitle oneſ there arefarremore excellent propertieſ then in any of the greateſt. Conſider with what artand indruſtry the Bee frameth her Combe, and the Emmet ſtoreth her neſt, and tell me if the wit and eloquence of man, be able ſuſficiently to expreſſe and praileit >Beſide, their perpetuall concord , dilligence. and agreement in the adminiſtration , gathring,and ſpending ofall their ſtore,infomuch aſ eyther they ſeem to be derived from nature or elſ from a deep reachof wit, reaſon, and vnderſtanding:neither are they the leſſe admirable if we grant thattheſe vertureſ are not naturaland proper,nor proceeding from reaſon & wil, for they areno leſſe the ſtrange or ſtranger worke of God:For what a Diuine thing iſ it, that theſe beaſtſ atraine tothat vponaſudden, without inſtruCtion and teaching, and therefore by inſtin and a kind of reuclation which men donot attaine in long exerciſe, practiſe & ſludy? Theſeare aſſuredly enident teſtimonieſ of diuinity(for the Lord iſ mer— uailouſ in al hiſ workſ ,either in nature,or reaſon & wil,or contrary to both, without al in— terceeding mean,for al theſe hanue dependance vpen biſ pleaſure.For how can hiſ Divine power, wiſedome, and goodneſſe, euer be abſent from the world, (I meane from man the prince of the world) when ſuch excellent giftſ are made viſible in little beaſtſ, that euerie day periſh and are corrupted eaſily, and ingendered againe by their owne putrifaGion,ſo aſ they neuer faile in kind, euen thoſe that are ſo ſmal & little in body ,that they can ſcarſe beſeen by the cieſ of man? theſe thingſ are to me vnanſwerable argumetſ of the preſence and power of God : for that they moue and bee inactionit proceedethof hiſ power, in that they vſetheir ſenceſ, and thereby follow and attaine thoſe thingſ which are profita— bletothem, and avoyd alburtful thingſ contrary to their nature,becauſethey build them houſeſ and placeſ of habitation, make prouiſion for their food and viGualſ it proceedeth ofhiſ wiſedome; but in that they nouriſh their young oneſ,&< loue one another in al out— ward appearance, liuing inflockſ rogither, aſ if they had knowledge of ſociety, andcon— ſent vnanimouſly totheir work and labout, it iſ likewiſe a token and viſible ermblem of biſ goodneſ.Thefirſt cauſe therefore of theſe virtueſ, or whatſoeuer you wil calthem , !deſ, or Original, muſt needſ be the abſolute example of God the Creator. Andwee muſt not ſuppoſe, that hiſ moſt excellent Maieſty hath proponed theſe pat— terneſ vnto vſ by chance or taſhly; without purpoſe of thiſ end; that it ſhould be to vſ aſ cleareaſ the light (Oypiaſ dininitatiſ eſſeplena) that all thingſ are full of hiſ Divinity » fece— ing that a Sparrow lighteth not on the ground without hiſ will : Andthe poet ſaide : God iſ i the middeſt of Beaſtſ, Men, Marketſ, and Seq. t The firſt EpiStle Andbeere Idatinot containe my ſelfe from relating that no manwill blame me, if Lalledge and writceany t c be in another manſ wordſ : for it iſ not to be regarded who ſai the wordſ of Ariſtole, for Itruſt hing trucly andfitly, although it th, but what iſ ſayed or ſpoken. . . — et Thuſ therefore he writeth : Among thoſe creatureſ which are leſſe acccſſptaþlc to our __ fevceſ, nature which iſ the common mother of _a]l, hath ordained many dc!lghtcs and pleaſureſ in them, for men which vnderſtand their cauſe or can reaſon of their Natureſ && liberally :for thiſ thing iſ abſurd and farre fromall reaſon, that bgquſe we cannotþlookc __ vppon the ymageſ andvpper faceſ of creatureſ and naturall thingeſ, painted ard fra— med, without wealſo behold in them the wit and Art of the Painter, and that therefore &C we can take leſſe pleaſure in the worke, forthe Worke—manſ ſake. , For ifwe can attaineto thetrue cauſeſ, we ſhall no leſſe kiffe and imbrace the con— templation of the very actionſ of naturall thingeſ, with woonderfull dilxgcncc and ala— onc: aſind other more or leſſe, euen aſ we {e cein our owne bodieſ, whoſe ſoule iſ diſſeminated in— tocuery part and member, yet iſ there a more lively repreſentation thereof in one part and member, then in another, and the facultieſ more viſibly and ſenſibly appeare 10 of ( onraduſ Geſneruſ. inthe vpper then in the neather parteſ; But yet with thiſ difference, that the ſoule iſ ſo ioyned to the body» aſ with a kind of Synipathy it ſuffereth harme and ioy with the ſub— ieA wherein itiſ circumſcribed,but none of theſe thingſ do happen to the Divinity : for it iſ ſo communicated to creatureſ,aſ it neither iſ any part or marter, or forme of them ; nor yet can be affected by any thing the creature ſuffereth;nor yet included in the crea— ture; but yetiſ in all, and ouer all, and without all, and aboue all, compaſſing , filling, and ſurpaſſing heaven and earth : infinite and impoſſible, and concluding the whole World, viſible andinuiſible. — And truely theſe thingeſ ſurpaſſe all the wit of man, for we are not able with thought, and muchleſſe with wordeſ, to exprefſe it, and yet we ought not to be deterred for any cauſe from the conſideration and contemplation thereof, but rather after we haue wa— ded in the ſame, with all humility toacknowledge hiſ power, and to view allthe helpſ for our infirmitimeſ : to admire hiſ wiledome, and endevour thereby to amend our igno— ranceand encreaſe our knowledge : and in concluſion, to beate downe our pride and malice, by prayſing and extolling hiſ grace and goodneſſe . For being thuſ affected and conuerſant, in beholding theſeneather and backer parteſ of God, confeſſing with thankeſ—giving that all theſe thingeſ doe proceede from hiſDivinity, we cannot ſtay but aſcend vppe higher, to the worker himſelfe, vſing all thingeſ in thiſ life but aſ Prickeſ and Spurreſ, for occaſionand admonitionſ to thinke vppon and renerence the prime Author. } For we haue continuall neede in thiſ World to be put in mind and incited to the ſtudy and contemplation of heauenly thingeſ :and ſo we ſhallleauealltheſe thingſ behind vſ after thiſ mortal life ended, and by the help of our Lord and Sauiour Ieſuſ Chriſt, who by hiſ oncly death hath prepared for vſ a way to the kingdome ofinefſable glory, where we ſhall partake with the foreparteſ, and moſtclearereuclation of the vnſpeakeable ma— ieſty of God : for thiſ iſ the end of our life, for which we were created, and alſo theſcope arnd concluſion of all naturallknowledgc of the workſ of God. » And leaſt that any man ſhould thinke that theſe thingeſ are ourſ, orthe heathen Phyloſpherſſayingſ, and cannot be defended out of the ſacredand ſupreme Teſtimony oftholy Scriptureſ, I will alſo adde ſome few ſayingſ recorded in the booke of God. Firſt * ofalltherefore, when inthe beginning of the World God waſ about to createman,who waſ to vſealthingſ, and to behold them inthiſ World aſ itwerein a Theater, he created allkind of Beaſteſ and creatureſ before man, that he might bring him into a houſe fur— niſhed and adorned withallthingeſ neceſſary and deleGable : Afterward he brought into hiſ preſence all the creatureſ to bee named by him, which the Scripture recordeth for excellency ſake, (for it iſ no doubt but he named all thingeſ that ſhould continue to the Worldeſ end) yet expreſſely there iſ no mention but oflining creatureſ, aſ Fiſheſ, Fouleſ, Cattell, and creeping thingſ ; that ſo they. might be ſubmittedand vaſſalaged to hiſ Empire,authority, andgouernment : which thing leaſt it ſhould ſeeme but a proud conicAure, it iſ againe repeated in the bleſſing that God pronouncethto manand all hiſ poſterity;and againe after the floud vnto Avah and hiſ Childeren. Ewery beaſ? (ſaich God) ſhall be afr aid of you, both the Beaſteſ of the earth, and the Fouleſ of heanen,and whatſo— exeriſbred in the earth ,or brought forth in the Sea 5 allare your ſ gyhatſoeuer lineth and moneth itiſpermittedto you for meate. » & * } And before when the floud waſ at hand, God commaunded Noah to ſuffer all beaſteſ that counld not liue intheWiater to enter the Arke, and of Fouleſ and cleane Birdſ ſeuen ofakind, of impure, coupleſ ; to the intent that aſ for man they were at firſtereated, and produced out of the earth,ſo hee would thatman ſhould conceruetheir kindeſ, with— out contempt of them that were yncleane beaſtſ. Furthermore in the booke ofKingſ, we read of Sa/omay, that God gaue him ſuch wiſe—= dome,that he excelled all the wiſe and Learned men of the world, and among other fruitſ and tokenſ of that wiledome there iſ remembred hiſ parableſ threethouſand, hiſverſeſ abouefiuethouſande, hiſ Hiſtory of planteſ from the high Ceedar, tothe Hyſope ſtalke, and laſtly hiſ diſcourſe of Beaſtſ, Birdſ,Fiſheſ, and creeping thingſ . Whar iſ mar (ſayth Datnid) that thon ſhouldſt fo remember him, or the ſopne of man, that thon ſhowldſt viſite hz; 7 The firſt Epiftle Thon haſt ſet hime oner the workſ of thy handſ, and haſt ſet all thingſ vnder ffffſfct : Ox: ffffihſhffſtz Fouleſ, Fiſheſ, and what/oener moncth in the Waterſ . And, the iamc_Kmg and prop etin anotherplace. p/il. 148. Praiſe the Lord, Dragonſ and all deepeſ ye wilde beaſiſ and creeping creatureſ . But how can Beaſteſ praiſe the Lord ? Or how could they vnderſtand thePro— phetſ exhortation ? Surely, therefore we are commaunded to praiſe God for them, con— feſſing hiſ goodueſſe and wiſedome in all theſe beaſteſ which hee produced for the orna— ment of thiſ preſent world. & \ — And becauſe of theſe creatureſ the workſ of God, the Apoſtle S. Pawle in theEpiſtle to the Romanſ, Chapt. 2. telleth the Ethinckeſ that they are vnexcuſable before God, for that they knew him by the creatureſ of hiſ workſ ,and yer did not glorific him aſ God, neither were gratefull : Poy zhe imui/ible thingeſ of God , aſ hiſ eternall power and wiſedome are [eene by the creation of the Vorld. Andlaſtly in the Hiſtory of Zob. Ch. 38 , 3 9. you ſhall find a large diſcourſe to 244 from the Lordſ owne mouth, concerning many beaſtſ. And thefethingeſ may bee ſpoken, concerning the excellency and dignity of the Hiſtory of beaſtſ, whereunto I willadde ſome exampleſ of the moſt famouſ' men and Kingſ of the world, to ſhew what account they made of thiſlearning : and ſo I will conclude thiſ Prze— face. Firſt whataccount heereof waſ made by Alexander the great,may be gathered by that which Pliny writeth, for he ſaith,that he being enflamed with the deſlire to krow the beaſtſ and natureſ of creatureſ, appointed Ari/Zer/e (that infiuiitelearned man)to write hiſ bookſ of creatureſ, commatunding many thouſandſ, both in Aſia and Greecia, which exerciſed Hunting, Hawking, Fiſhing, or that kepte Parkeſ, Heardſ of cattell, Fiſh—pondſ, or any cageſ or other placeſ and groueſ for Birdſ,to þeatthe commaund of the ſaid Ari/Zarle if needewere, to ſupply hiſ defireſ in the knowledge of beaſteſ ; So' that whatſoenuer waſ knowne in the whole world, might not be vnknowne to him : by whoſe helpſ (Pliny affir— meth, ) that hee wrorefirſt the volumeſ, which heeſaith he had abridged, to ſhew to the World in a ſhort view the fruiteſ of thole deſireſ, of the moſt Noble amongeal Kingſ. 2_SWND 3 < | I \%V en Aiſtotlehad finiſhed thiſ ſtory and offered the ſame to King Alexander, hee offeredhbim for hiſ paineſ fovre hundered tallentſ ; ſaying that it waſ a Kingſ gift to re— _ wardſuchaknowledge5ſwherein, beſide other partſ oflearning, Riding, Hunting., Haw— king, and Fiſhing, which were Princely ſporteſ were deciphered. But if Alexander were nowaline, he would wonder, that among innumerable other princely bountieſ which he conferred and beſtowed vpon the World, there ſhould bee nonethatſo encreaſedhiſ honor and continuethhiſ fame, aſ thiſ one worke, althoughit bee contemned among many volgar, baſe minded men ; for he ouercame almoſtalithe kingdomeſ of the world, and builded great Cittieſ; but hiſ owne kingdom ſoon after becam diſtraced, and rent in foure peeceſ ,and ſo detolued,one part to the Romanſ,and other partſ to other Kingſ, the Cittieſ are either onerthrowne, or the nameſ chatnged,or inhabited by Barbarouſ people, alfogether vnlearned, that doe not ſo much aſ now remember or acknowledge who waſ there firſtfounder. Alſo there have periſhedthe bookeſ of many writerſ that compiled hiſ Hiſtory; and ſet forchhiſ valiant acteſ and renowned fortuneſ, ſo that of many;, there ſcarce remay— nethoneor two. But the Hiſtory of beaſteſ and other creatureſ, which waſ made athiſ coſtand chargeſ, hath riinne through many ageſ and beene preſernued for a thouſand and nine hundered yeareſ, to the great gloty and commendation both of the King, andthe writer A/iſtorle . t And be iſ not more honored for hiſ liberality toward the Phylofopher forhiſ worke among poſterity , but alſo the fruite and vrilitye thereof toall ageſ, hath beene greater then ax}%/ thataroſe fronſi the kingdomieſ that he got, or the battaileſ that he wan ; for how can poſterity account that benificiall to them,which the men oft \ i— ence to beſo hurtfullandfullof calamity? * | hitageformilby eapert an_bF\tfflanY (c{houſandes of menperiſhed onely for the pleaſure of one A 1 EXANDERSſ :_ctx jouſ deſire of raygning , many Common—wealtheſ were chaunged, Regionſ t. and of ( onraduſ Geſneruſ. and countrieſ waſted, and many publicke and priuat miſcrieſ followed , aſ iſ vſuall where warre ouerturnechkingdomeſ. Therefore I ſay againe, he neuer did any thing in all hiſ life, whereby he wan ſo great fame and renowne, then by being firſtof allthe occaſion to Ariſtotle, to vndertake the labour, and then afterward a liberall rewarder thereof. Petruſ Gilliuſ writeth, that allthe ſtorieſ of creatureſ were either compiled by Kingſ, or elſe dedicated to Kingſ ; for to omit otherſ who were diligent in heardſ, and curiouſ enquirerſ into the natureſ of beaſtſ Zwba, H/eron, Attaluſ, Philometor ood Archelauſ, wrot many thingeſ of the forceand nature of creatureſ. Oppramnſ Arazarbenſiſ(amoſtlearned Poct/ when hc had finiſhed hiſpoemſ of the creatureſ, he dedicated them to Apzoninuſ, the Sonne of the Emperour Sexerwſſ ; for which, hee waſ bidden to aſlie what he would : and whereaſ he waſ but a baniſhed man, he aſked liberty to dwellagaine at home in hiſ owne Country, which he not onely obtained, but alſo receiued for euery verſe a peece of Gold worth a Noble, and chere were in hiſ two poemſ, about fiue thouſand and eight hundered verſeſ : for which cauſe the learned Poet in ioy of ſuch a reward, wrote hiſ verſeſ in Gold, by cauſe he ſaide he would haue it worthily called a Golden Poem . Of thiſ kind he wrote two,, one of hunting, and another of fiſhing. , G. Pliniuſ Secunduſ wrote a ſtory otthe World, wherein he writeth but briefely of all thingeſ in the World, and yet largely and copiouſly of plantſ and beaſtſ, and ſodedica— tedit to:the Emperor Peſpaſtan, for which hee waſ alway deare and familiar vnto him. Auicen being an excellent Phyſitian and a counſcller of eſtate to Fziruſ a King of Perſia, for which dignity many called him a Prince, yet he diſdained not to write of beaſteſ, and to interpret A7//Potle in many of thoſe bookſ . And thiſ iſ no maruaile that ſo many of theancienteſ did thuſ magnifie the knowledge of all kindeſ ofcreatureſ, ſecing aſ /a7re writeth, they were almoſtall Sheapheardſ, Goate—heardeſ, Neat—heardſ, and therefore they ſaid that their flockſ had Golden fleeceſ, for the commodity they found in them, aſ Atreuſ at Argoſ,and Aceteſ at Calchoſ . Whoiſ he but he knoweththat the Romanpeo— ple had their originall from Sheapheardſ ? Who knoweth not that Fav/fwl/wſ the Nurſe of Romuluſ and Remuſ, waſ a Sheapheard ? And thiſ waſ an argument hereof, becauſe that they builded their citty for Sheapheardſ,that they appointed amercementſby Oxen and Sheepe, and that they ſtamped their Mony with ſuch piSureſ ; and how many nameſ arethere among the Romanſ derivued from cattelland ſheep, aſ Owiminſ , Caprilluſ, Equi— ginſ, Tawrnſ, and ſur—nameſ alſo, aſ A»p# ,Capre, Statily Tanyi, and Pompony Vituli. We reade in boly ſcripture that Abrahav: waſ onely rich in cattell, and that King Da— wid didkeepe hiſ fatherſ flock, and hereunto alſo belongeth, that the moſtwiſeandigreat : men among the ancientſ were ſtudentſ in Anatomy, and the diffection of partſof menſ bodieſ, inſtituting children therin from their firſt learning of letterſ 5 Now no man think that they fetched thiſ knowledge from the parteſ of menſ bodieſ at the beginning, but from beaſteſ, aſ Dogſ, Apeſ, Swine, andſuch other, wherewithall they were exerciſed aſ in rudimentſ and groundſ, that they might be more prompt, ready, and experiencedin the bodieſ of men . And among other Marcwſ the RomanEmperor waſ moſt Skilfull and ſtudiouſ in thiſ ſcience of AMitomy,and the Egyprtian Kingſ didthe like with their owne handeſ . Boethuſ, and Pauluſ Sergiuſ, two Roman Conſulſ, andother principallmen, were auditorſ to Galep . Thuſfarre Conraduſ Geſner . Inthe nextEpiſtle he diſcourſeth to the reader of hiſ method and order obſerued in hiſ bookſ , and alſo of other neceſſary thingſ belong— ing to thiſ Hiſtory,, which Thaue thought goodalſo to inſert into thiſ place. CS: P / | — i | , — P " a ma mra ieut Tucome —3—ta0—mt Tttt aeimmiptametcſ Wh rcnzaimemmmmcononniiomſ iaut wh cxc0 dernnann ſ Af omennimmmmimmmmen== e Shanoomimnomemcadmnomen nMa aacammrcommmtiaaſ: CONRADVS GESNERV CO e to the Reader. A Hauenow ſufficiently in my Epiſtle Dedicatory expreſſed by -—4 f { ctſi%ſſſſt what occaſion I came vnto thiſ worke, how much I haue la— ;'ſi/,,ctſiſſ/ boured in it ,to ſhew what fruitſ may be had out ofit,and with BX 7 , i /\Z #— how great ſtudy, both Kingſ, and Princeſ, aſ alſo many great k Tulkk® and moſtlearned men haue reuerenced the hiſtory of Crea— tureſſ the reſt of which,Ihaue thought goodto impart vnto the Reader in the beginning of my work, which I willſeuerally . —" propoſe—neither did it becom meto bemore large in a dedica— wet T tion, beeing made vato the principalleſtmen of our Com® monwealth. And becauſethe greatneſſe of the Booke before it be read of any man, may ſceme to blame me to be too tediouſ, I willexcuſe it before I intreat of any thing. Therefore firſt of all it iſ no maruaile though it be a great volume, in which I haue la— *boured to inſert with diligent ſtudy , the writingſ of all men concerning allFourc—feoted— luing—beaſtſ : andalſo the ſayingſ of old and later Philoſopherſ, Phyſitianſ, Gramari— anſ, Poetſ, Hyſtorianſ ; and laſtly of alikind of Authorſ : not onely ofthoſe which haue ſet foorth their workeſ in Latine, or Greeke, but of enery onealſo which haue tetdowne their workſ in Geymany, France, Italy, and England: And moſt diligently of the ſayingſ of thoſe which have written ſomething of purpoſe concerning living creatureſ.but with the leffer care of other , which haue onely in the meanetime remembred ſomeſayingſ of the ſame, aſ Hyſtorianſ, and Poetſ. Thave putdown alſo many properobſeruationſ,and haue gathred togither many thingſ; nowe and then by aſking queſtionſ, without reproach of any man, learned or vnlearned, Cittizenſ, or ſtrangerſ, Hunterſ, Fiſherſ, Fawkconerſ, Shepheardſ, and all kind of men. Alſo I hane not knowne any thing out of the writingſ of learned men, of many Nationſ, which they hane giventome, but Ihaue expreſſed the dame. The formeſ alſo of enuery lining creature in thiſ work, haue in creaſed the volume ,but chiefely the firſt Book (which iſ al of Foure—footed—bcaſteſ living alike) hath our of meaſure increaſed it, becauſe thiſ kindofiliving creature, may be morefamiliarly known ,and more profitable to man;chief ly to thoſe of our Nation or Countrie + And alſomany have written little and reaſonable bookeſ of each of thent,; aſ the horſe—leacheſ ofhorſeſ, in Greeke and Latine,andthelater writerſ in other languageſ, and ſo forth. $59%4, Alſo many have declared diverſ thingſ concerning Doggeſ, and the bringerſ vp alſo of cattle, and heardſ of Beaſtſ, Goatſ; Sheepe,and Soweſ, haue pronounced many coun— trey obſeruationſ; both in Greeke and Larine.Some man may happen to ſay, that I ought not to make a Hyſtory out of all Bookeſ, but onely from the beſt ; bit T'will not deſpiſe the writingſ of any manſecing there iſ made no book ſo bad, from whence there—cannot beſome good ſentence gatheredout, if any man do applichiſ wit therero. Thereforeal— though Thave not ouer—ſkippedaniekind of writer, yet I did i nor raſhly ;for I bauepickt outnofew obſeruationſ of good moment fronyBarbarouſ and obſcurewriterſ in diverſ langirgeſ; ſd that I would nor be iudged a negligentperfſon to:gine creditto euery thing, nor arrogant or vanmoddeſt, to deſpiſe the ſtudieſ or laborſ of any man.: :ſhoſc thingſ tiuely which I thoughtwere falſeor any way abſurdyleither alcogcthſicr omit— T he firſt Epiftle omitted them, or ſo placed aſ I may conuiA them :or i | 3 je1tſ1 * waſ cither tho;oughſiſi')ackc ofknowledge, or for ſome other cauſe, whz-':h fault IDthh_nſx_kz iſ very ſeldome committed, (except it be in thoſe thingeſ which doebciong to Phyſickec, where we hane related very often many thingſ both falſe and ſuperſtirtiouſ, aſ happily fin Amblet or preſeruativeagainſtenchaun:ment iſ; and many other thingſ which are of the ſamekind, thatthe good ſayingeſ of learned men may be eaſily knowne) of thename of the Authour, and aſ much of euery thing aſ ſhall be thought worthy to be bclceucd? let the Reader indge, for I do not promiſe my owne Authority every where, but am { acxsfi- ed to recitethe wordſ and ſentenceſ of other writerſ. "WhereforeI have beene very di— ( ligent, leaſtat any time I thould omit the name of an Authour,althoughit were in ſmall matterſ,andalſo thoſe which were commonly knowne,becauſe there ſhould remaine no doubt or ſcruple of any thing : The wordſ alſo and ſayingſ of cuery Author,ſhalbe com— a together, if any man ſhould be deſirouſ to imitate or follow them. . ! Therefore I haue been more copiouſ, that I mightnot onely profitin the knowledge ofwordſ, butalſo haueſufficiently miniſtred a worke, or writing of wordſ and ſpeecheſ, for thoſe which are deſirouſ either to diſpute, or write an Oration either in Greekeor Latine. Set } Butitconldnot be donemore commodionſly, that all thingſ might bee written pure— ly in Latine, ſeeing that Lhane recited almoſtin theſame wordſ certaine thingſ taken out ofthoſe which were rude or barbarouſ; chiefely becauſe if any thing ſhould beobſcure © or doubtfull: but the reſtwhich were wtitten of them,I hanealtered to a moderate vſe of SthcLatine tongueſ; not becauſe I could not doe it better, but rather becauſe ſuch an elo— eution doth ſeemeto adorne ſuch Authorſ. But thoſe ſentenceſ which I haue writor coppied out of good and Latine Authorſ, Lhauenotalteredany thing of them. . And truely ofmy owneſtile, or manner of writing, I canſay no other then thiſ, that I * haue had a great care, althoughIcouldnotprononnce it eligantly and wiſely, nor after® the imitation of the auncient writerſ, notwithſtanding I haue pronounced it competent— ly, and plainely in Latine.. Neyther waſ it ydleneſſe to frame ſuch a ſtile or manner of writing,ſeeing that I waſ moſt ofalbuſied in thoſe thingſ, aſ wel mutable aſ innumerable and inamanner I hane written thoſe thingſ whichif they had beene gathered together Thad putto. preſſe many yeareſ before. The cauſe why I did negledt it waſ the feareleaſtany thing ſhoulde beleft out, and not verie much toſeeke more matter, butforx the moſt part the inſcription waſ the cauſe, and theorder and carethat Lhad, leaſtany thing, ſhould be repeated in vain :: Morconer alſo Bbecaufe thatthe Argument did not require a graue or excellent maner of ſtile or ſpeech, but a manifeſtand meane ſtjle, and moſt commonly a Gramarian;that iſ to ſay, fit for in— terpretation. ſ For I would not onely recite the wordſ of the Authorſ, but oftentimeſ alſo where it waſ needefull, I did adde thereto the expoſition or declaration ; ſo that thiſ volumemaynot onelybeahiſtory ofliving creatureſ,but allo anexpoſition of the place of al thoſe which havewrittenſomething ofliuing creatureſ. For thoſe which do vndertake to make any booke}muſt chiefely beware of twothingſ, that the wordſ and meaning of the Authour be declared and put together like placeſ ofthe reſt, thelatter whereof Thaue accompli— ſhed in thiſ worke by great labour, becauſe the ſayingſ .both of other Authoiuſ,aſ welaſ of one; copcerning theſamematter in diverſ placeſ are compiled together, and it. would be amatterof leſſe valueto declare in more wordſ the wordſ ofthe Authourſ, when they among themſelueſ haue ſodiligentlic gathered together the placeſ, that they muſt bring them tomutuallight, * Notwihſlanding ifſo bethat it ſeemeth a worke to declare the wordeſ and ſentenceſ of theAuthourſ ; I hauedoneit for my ownehelpe, and for otherſ, and alſo in cauſeſ com— prehendedmotherſentenceſdſ they ſocalthem, yet it doeth happen that Lam freed by their naturefrom tooidark a ſtile, from euery affectation or curiouſ deſire, of that thinge which namure hath not given , Lleaue that care to thoſe with whome, wordeſ rather themn : matter are entertained.:.:: . But that I may repeat more copionſlie in fewwordſ their ſayingſ , thatthiſ baok may not favany time Lhauenordoncit,it to the Reader. Butthat I may repeate morecopiouſly in few wordeſ their ſayingſ that thiſ booke may not betolarge, therefore firſt of all I willentreateof that which iſ perfected by a num— ber of Authorſ,and afterwardſ of that which Zhaue ſundry timeſ added thereto, becauſe — ofmy ownedeclaration. Thiſ booke might be muchſhorter, if T had not touched the loue of learning, in which z confeſſe Lhaue been too tediouſ and although thiſ my diligence may be vnpro— fitable toſome, yet 7 hopeit will bee pleaſantandacceptable to the Grampaarianſ and otherſ, but truely it hath coſft me greatlabour and many nighteſ warching . I call that the lone of learning whatſocuer it 1ſ, that doth belong to a Gramymazziar, and diverſicieſ oflanguageſ, proucrbſ, or common ſayingſ, ſemblableſ, taleſ, or fableſ, wherein bruite Beaſtſ are fained to ſpeake, the ſayingſ of Poctſ, and laſtly that which doth belgng rather to wordſ, then co the matterſ themiclueſ. he Reed Thiſ and ſuch like Lhaue done torthe moſtpart, hauing made a ſeucrall Chapter of mun Rere.. thoſe thingeſ which belong to euery liuing creature, euen to the eight or laſ Treatiſe, that all theſſ ' yetnorwithſtanding ſometimeſthey haue gotin by ſtealth in the former Chapterſ, part— fpoken Pring ly becauſe I waſ inuited by a ſmall occaſion, and with a certaine deſire of the ſame, to latin diſcorſe change my purpoſeſ, and partly becauſe that the light of the Authorſ ſhould ſeeme to bring profit to the placeſ fitly recited or openly reade , that elſe where, aſ well aſ in theſecond chapter,I haue oftentimeſ alſo alledged ſomewhat moreof Grammarianſ, Phi— ſitianſ, and other matterſ. : ' In the third Chapter wherein I did entreat of the mecateſ and diſcaſeſ ofliving creatureſ,. I oftentimeſ turned more copionſly to entreate of the planteſ by the which they were wholeſomely nouriſhed, or happily by the ſtrength ofthe taſt of them were hurt, or elſe killed : and after the ſame manneralſo in the firſt Chapter if there were any ſuch rooteſ that the living creatureſ ſhould periſh by:them throwne by the Hunterſ with ſome meate. But Lhaue profeſſed and contfeſſed in that loue of learning, that I waſ wont to name thoſe planteſ, and {ometimeſ to write of many thingeſ which haue had their name after a certaine manner from ſomeliuing creature. t Theſeuenth Chapter entreatethof the remedicſ of liuing creatureſ ,and of curing the hurtſ which they were wonttoreceiue by biting, or by a ſtroke, or by cating of meate. I do very often eſteeme much of many thingeſ written in the defire of dignifieng medici— nall matterſ . It iſſeene where the placeſ of Authorſ being deprauedandrenewed, haue allowed occaſion of digreſſing . To be ſhort, whereſocuer any rare thing, or that which iſ declared to otherſ did offer it ſelfe, which being vnfolded ſhould feeme to dignifie and honor commonlearning, I haue beene alured contrary to my inſtitution, for the decla— ring thereof: For when aſ being a child I waſ educatedin the Greekeand Latine ſtudieſ of Gramerand conference, & aſ yet being a young man had begun toprofit therein : vn— tillgrowne vnto full age, Icame to riper profeſſion of Phyloſophy, eſpecially natural and Medicinall, (although out of the ſame I haue not a little increaſed my loue vnto lear— ning,and made it more (%rmc andſolide, and very greedily. have exerciſed my ſelfe in reading of diverſ matterſ) I could do ſomewhat more in the explicationſ of matterſ and ſayingſ, then I perſwaded my ſelfe, the rude multitude would regard, eſpecially in the age of inferiour ſtudentſ, and in the ſtudieſ of thoſe whichare buſied in other marterſ. Wherefore Lhaue written more freely and often.more copiouſly of many thingeſ. I haue reprcherided the ancient & the later(not with any intent to obſcure otherſ,and ad— uantage my owne,) but ſincerly andſimply . aſ muchaſ. in me lyeth that I mightaduance common ſtudieſ . But ifno man doe diſalow their.bookeſ (whom in no order but aſ any thing which commeth into their mindeſ ; ) expound the wordeſ and ſayingeſ of diverſ Authorſ in both tongueſ, aſ aniong auncient Writerſ, Aaczobinſ, Gillivſ, Caſſideruſ, and whoſocuer haue written diverſ thingſ, (many whereof I haue declared in the ſecond part of my 2ybliotheca : ) and amongſt the latter many otherſ, aſmoſt eſpecially Guilielmuſ Budeuſ, Celiuſ Rhodiginuſ & Chalcagninuſ, Polittanuſ,Eraſmuſ Rotorodamuſ,&ec . but aſ it were beſtofallby deſerteſ, whatſoeuer any good man or meanely leatnaed doth thinke of them. ( onraduſ Geſnernſ 1doenotſee by what right thiſ our labour may, be diſpraiſed, whe_rcin mary chmgci truely ſpoken of by otherſ, but difordredly, many thingeſ by me bclpg fi_rſt delivered,XI haue ſo orderd and diſpoſed that in a manner euery thing may beſet in hiſ owne proper place.Aſ for al the chapterſ which we haue ſet down are not only of them,but enery chap ter hath hiſ {enerall part and certaine order both the former and the latter, one Method and that continuall of the middle partbeing throughout the whole worke. And bcc.auſc ſometimeit did happen that ſome thing might ſceme to be referred out of thoſe, which I had direGed into diverſ other placeſ, leaſt I ſhould betoo tediouſ in repeating theſame, and thereforefor the moſt part I remitted it from one place, to one Author ; vnleſle al the flory might be repeated in fewwordſ. — I Theſeand certaine other thingſ (aſ the wordſ of dinerſ Authorſ, and variety of ſtile) an vnequal , interrupted and a cumberſome worke, (aſ I may ſo callit) and (aſſome per— — chancewillobie) they haue ſtored it alike with diſſolute markſ or purpoſeſ : which fault though 1 ſhould vaderſtand, Thaue notwithſtanding refuſed to commit, whileſ that it ſhouldſo profit : but thiſ ſhall bec, (howſocuer blemiſhedit iſ) much leſſe, ifany may gheſſe with himſelfe that Ihaue compoſedaltheſe thingſ not by that order that they ſhold beknowne by continuall ſeriouſneſſeof reading of ſtudiouſ men : butſo to haue tempe—' red them that whatſoeuer any man ſhal defire concerning any beaſt, that being preſently found he may read it by it ſelfe, and wel vnderſtand it . Therefore if any man will vſe thiſ worke only atſeaſonable timeſ , who hath vſed diGionarieſ and ſuch like common bookſ, he ſhal be able to do theſe thingſ profitably , but if he ſhall not remember the order in the preſcribed manner, let him take counſell of the table Alphabeticall, which wee will pub— < Ydiſh in the end ofthiſ our worke, but if nothing prevaile, in the meane time aſ we are all ſubieG to Cenſure through the Readerſ infirmity, the ſame in a manner, Pliny in the Hiſtory of nature hath ordained : for in hiſ Preface to /apÞaſ/an he writeth 5 becauſe wee muſt(ſaith he) ſpare your laboutſ for the common good, what may be contained in all my Bookeſ, Lhaue ioyned to thiſ Epiſtle, and haue done my greateſtendenor with the di— ligenteſt care, thatthou ſhouldeſt haue theſe Bookeſ not to bee read oner againe, and thou by thiſ ſhalt be the occaſionthat other may not reade them oucr againe : but aſ euery oneſhalldeſite any thing, that he may onely ſeeke that, and know in what place he may find it, 2alerivſ Soranuſ didthiſ before mc in hiſ bookſ which he inſcribed Eppridor Theſe thingſ Pliny. They which deſireto profit in thiſ Art of Grammer, and to get the vſe of ſome tong vntothemſelueſ, who with a compounded Method (aſ they call ity deliver their art from letterſ and fillableſ, to the ſayingſ, and eight partſ of ſpeech, and laſt of all ſpeech it ſelfe, and hauingicome vnto the Si7/axi@ſ, doth deſire the knowledge of art, in the meane time notwithſtanding he doth not negleG& the profit of Lexiconſ (wherein all 12 ayingſ and ſpee— cheſare numbred, far otherwiſe then in the preceptſ of art, where neither all thingſ ſeue—, rally, nor in any good order are rehearſed) not that from the beginning hee may reade throughthe end, which would bea worke more labourſome then profitable, but that he may aſke counſell of them in due ſeaſon. o Inlike manner he that iſ deſirouſ to know the Hiſtory of beaſtſ, and will read it thropgh with continuall ſeriouſneſſe, let himrequire theſame of Ariſtotle, and of other likewiſe that haue written; and Iet him vſeour volume aſ a Lexicon, or aſ my owne Ozxomaſticon. For'it iſ not vnknowne vnto me that Ay#/Zarle doth teach in hiſ booke, entituled the parteſ of beaſtſ, that it maketh much (to the deſcription of Phyloſophy) and that it iſ more lear.. ned ſo to write concerning beaſteſ, that aſwell the partſ, aſ the effectſ mightalſobe hand— led common tomore, their Hiſtory being vnfolded by certaine common placeſ : Firſt by proſecuting thoſe thingſ which are moſt common, and ſomewhat vnto thi})gs that are Tefſe common, laſtly by loking backe and deſcending into thoſe thingſ, which onely ſhall be proper vnto certaine kindſ and vulgar ſhapeſ : for if in all beaſtſ any man would ſener.. rally conſider the partſ and effectſ, there will m any thingſ fall out by the way to be conſi— dered,and inquired after, which (he ſaithy will be very abſurd, and alſo proue too tedion '"Thiſ diſcommodity,filthoflgh I1 ſhould well vndcrſtfind,ycr I would n(ſi)twitflanding ſcu:ſi. rally proſecutethe Hiſtory of beaſtſ, which thing iſ to be handled in our time wherin the nameſ of to the Nctctzſi'er. ofvery manyare not vnderſtood; Mhould indge would be more profitable, and Iſhould thinke it lefſe abſurd, that fomethingſ ſhould more often be ſought after, being ordai— ned for the order of the fame ,that thiſ work might rather ſerue for inueſtigation then con tinuallreading : I haye notnotwithſtanding euen in alBeaſtſ placed euery thing which iſ incident to enery kind, both for aſ much aſ certaine thingeſ areknowne to ſome men, aſ moſt common parteſ of Fourc—footed—Beaſteſ , aſ alſo if any man ſhall doubt in ſome thingeſ, he may refer himſelfeinto theplaceſ of Ariſfegle, wherein thoſe thingſare handled generally: and perhapſ weialſo' at ſometime or other wil according to the kindſ and ſhapeſ of Foure—footed—Beaſteſ diſcourſe of ſomewhat more particular. And becauſe I bad determined,it waſ more commodiouſ for a Hiſtory tobe made by vſ concerning allBeaſtſjenen in that name or title whichnot Phiſically, or onely Philo— ſophically,but Medicinally, & alſo gtammatically concerning one thing: Neither doth it want the examplſ of learnedmen,for ſcarce the one or the other aſ Theoppraſtuſ & Ruellio havue delivered any thing concerning plantſ, according to tharc Method, which in com— mon partſ andeffecteſ hath manifeſted all plantſ ofthe earth, but very many haue deſcri— bedſcucrallplantſ ſeuerally, and in timeſ paſt out of our age (eſpecially Phyſitianſ) £#— elliuſ forthe moſtpartlaboured in both, (aſ Ga/lewalſo) but onely in deſcribing ofapt— neſſe.. Indeedel confeſſe, that I could be far more briefe in many more thingſ (akhough my purpoſe remaine) abone allother thingeſ, euen that exquiſite defſitre of my diligencehad delighted me, when that ſime ſayingof Ziny came into my mind, in a certaine volume, beginning after thiſ manner : Now ſufficient glory waſ gotten for him, and hee could ceaſe himſelfe, voleſle hiſ mind ſhould be daily fed with worke, although (aſ Pliny ſaith} the greaterſhonld the reward be for the loue of worke ( which better became him not to haue compoſed it to hiſ owne, / but to the glory of the Romaine name, and not to haue perſenered onely to pleaſſ hiſ owne minde, but to haue ſzt forch the ſame to the profit ofthepeople of Rome. — \ I would have you iudge, that I have not kept back or ſtayed my courſe in theſemy la— bourſ, not onely for favoring my ſeife;or getting glory to my ſelte, (although Liniuſ did ſ0o) butrather to makethe truth more plaine pertaining to Hiſtorieſ, or to the people of _" Rome : Notwithſtanding I think that he ſpake more modeſtlyleaſt if he ſhould have ſpo— + ken after that manner which Pliny doth require, he ſhould be iudgedto haue been more arrogant) aſ one which ſhould foretell any thing to the worthyeſt people of the whole World, or any thing of the honor of the Congueror of thoſe Nationſ, he would ſay that they muſt come from him . Likewiſe although thiſ! worke (what ſocuer it iſy do not de— ſire to be done wholy for my ſelfe, but for the gouernorſ and rulerſ, of the common— wealth, and to the gouernorſ ofthe vniuerſity or Academy, which haue fanoured mee cuenfrom a Child of their owne libcrality, and do ſtill continue their fauor vato me, and do exhort me to finiſh thoſe thingſ which I haue begun already : and if there ſhouldariſe any fameor renowne fromthence ,it ſhould chiefely light vpon them : Yet leaſt Iſhould be deceiued , I willingly hold my peace, and the reſt I leaue to indgement , whyther any thing may happen from thiſ worke ſo praiſe—worthy and of excellent fame,and yetnot vnworthye of praiſe, for to the Senate, and to the vniverſity I owe much time, with ma— ny nameſ of worth to thoſe moſt excellent men of learning, and other different ver— tueſ. But leaſthappily I be held too tediouſ, while Iexcuſe the largeneſſe of the worke, al— though (by the way Thaue handled ſome other thingeſ all vnder one) that I might ſhew certaine commoditieſ ariſing fromthem, and alſo I might excuſe our ſtile . Iwillpro— ceedeand go forward to the reſt. Andalthough from our foreſayingſ it may beſuſſiciently manifeſted of our exceeding great Jabour, and a lſo the greatneſſe of the volume, aſ well aſ the variety and difficulty of thingſ,,therein expreſſed, may boldly ſpeake for me, yet I will adde thereunto very many thingſ if thereby the cenſureſof learned men doe happen more reaſonable, benigne & fauorable,and doc aducrtiſe andadmoniſh me that I haue offendedatany time, I will ſub— — . epeſ 2 & ſcribe i . { | \ !1 (Conraduſ Geſneruſ fcribe andfollow their opinionſ, but for the Cenſureſof vnlearned LUitleregard. For I haue endenored my ſelfe with great and painefull labour, although they are not oprre— ſpondent in all thingeſ, that they may merrit pardon : and (aſ he ſaith) in a great worke it iſ thoughtlawfull to breake much ſleepe. Pliny doth writethat he hach finiſhed hiſ natutall or Jawfull Hiſtory from a hundered ofchoice or curiouſ Authorſ, and hath added too very.many matterſ, which either they hauenorknowne, or afterwardeſ had beene deuiſed or inuented in their life time : nei— ther do wee doubt (ſaith he) but that there are many thingeſ which alſo we hane oucr— ſkipped. | 2 ſiIPdcſirc alſo that the ſame miay be vnderſtood of thiſ our volume, althoughit iſ not onely made ready and fitto me by a hundered. Authorſ, butalſo by many otherſ aſ you may eaſily count or reckon by the Catalogue of them, which Thaue alſo ſet downe . But firſt of all what labour andpaineſ it waſ to readallthingeſ diligently and with indge— ment, afterward to take and chuſe thingeſ,to reduce and reſtore them to their owneor— derſagaine : and againe conferand compare them while you are writing the worke, aſ if many ſhould haue ſaid one thing, being plainely expreſſed of Authorſ; and changed by other nameſ:otherſ ſtealing priuily by nameſ ſuppreſſed. * But how hard & tediouſa labour it iſ, ſoto confer the whole writingſ of Authorſ, to re— duce all of them aſ itwereinto one body, that nothing may bee omitted, nor any thing ynaduiſedly repeated, no man doeth vnderſtand, except he belearned: trucly thiſ doth ſohappen onely mcomparing or conferring two or threebookeſ, but meſtofallin con— ferring of very many Bookeſ aſ wehaue done : andthatſodiligently,aſ heareafter there ſhallbee little neede of looking into other Authorſ concerning thoſe marterſ . But hee which will haue thiſ volume ought to perſwade himſelfe that he hathallthingeſ concer— ning thoſe marterſ written at large, that iſ to ſay, one booke for a Library, one more excellentthen many otherſ . When Peezer Gilimſ before vſ had done thuſ , but infew Authorſ ; the Graecianſ (ſaith hey which have written concerning Beaſteſ, wee haue not only made Latinſ which waſ very eaſic, but allo imitating D/opyſimſ Caſſinſ whotranſlated Magoe,we allowed both order and indgment. But I ſhould more iuſtly ſpeake theſe thingſ concerning our ſelueſ who haue follow— edan oorder far more commodiouſ, and haue conferred many more Writingeſ of Au— thorſ, both otherſ (aſ Lhaue already ſaid Jaſ alſo for al the moſt parttranſlated out of the Greecianſ, and from otherſ, and from Gi#/zuſ himſelfe. Therfore Lhave more oftenſet down the Greecianſ ſayingſ ,where either the interpreterſ didſeemc to erre,or the wordſ or locutionſ did containe ſomerare or excellent thingſ or peculiarto the matter. I hane alſo tranſlated many my ſelfe, either that were not aſ yet tranſlated, orthat I would tranſlate a Grzecian ſaying diſcretly, and then diſpute the martter with the interpreter . But of the Germanſ Frenoch, and Italianſ Thanetranſlated certaine into Latine : I haue ſuſtained muchwatchfulllabour in reading, gathring,confer— ring, and writing oner thoſe workeſ and ſtorieſ many yeareſ : which truely what andhow many they haue beene, cannot eaſily bebelecued, vnleſſe of expert men : although I can— not eaſily ſecany man ſhould aſſay the like matter ,to bring into one: voiforme body all theſayingſ of all writerſ, aſ many aſ could bee had of one argument : for Lhaueknowne certaine men who out of many thingſ hauewritten ſome, out of all, none. Wherefore — I can ſay that of my labourſ which Ariſtideſ ſpake concerning the elegance of the Citty of Smyjrna, which waſ,that no man except he which ſhall ſee it will be drawen to belecue it : That which appertaineth to the ſtile, alchough in the precedent ſayingſ Thaue ſpoken certaine thmgesu_]cldcncly digreſſing from the matter, heere I will very privately and wa— rily adde ſome thin gsi_ 4 'Therefore T have vſed a meanephraſe orſpeeche, in no manſ wi r " curiouſ, moſt chiefely tor the caE(cs aboucpdcclarcd : Forint!ctxxgei(:itmiz t(e)o ſi\;\c DF theknowledge of thingſ iſ ſought(aſ Mſſ/ax/@ſ ſaith in the like argument)iſ m%t :}\:: cccrz(r::]n lineſſe ofa famouſ or eloquent Oration, but to expreſſe a ſound and perfed& truth. But to the Reader. Butſucti workeſ are neither capable of wit, aſ I may ſay with Pliny, which waſ otherwiſe very meane or moderate to vſe it : neither do they allow of exceſſe, either in Orationſ, orſpeecheſ, or wonderfull chanceſ or aduentureſ, or diverſ enentſ, or other pleaſant * thingſ, or in any deleGable or friendly thingſ . Let the nature of thingſ be declared in a barren or fruiteleſſe argument, that iſ toſay thelife of them, and thiſ waſ baſe alſo on hiſ part, by putting to many thingeſ with rufticalland ſtrange denominationſ, yea alſo Barbaroyſ,euen with the P rxface of eſtimation and reputation : And ſo far forth Pliniw,, Butifthatmoſt 1carnc$;nan, and the moſt eloquent by the iundgement of all men,and which hath drawne orW@®icked out the cleaneneſſe or pureneſſe of the Latine tongue with Milke, and the vſe of other commboditieſ, and whereupon the deſire of wit might much encourage him, being helped orpricked forward by Mecepaſ hiſ gonernor Veſpa— fanuſ,(of the penuriouſneſſe, and baſeneſſeof the phraſe, almoſt in the like argument) doth deſire, to frame ormakean excuſe ſo much the more watily ſhould I do thiſfor many cauſeſ, which I willnot expreſſe becauſe I may not be to long . Whereforeſome thingeſ are repeated heare and there in, diverſ placeſ ofthiſ worke, I gaue a reaſon cuen before, trucly becauſe the orderappointed of vſ did ſo require, and the diviſion of chap— terſ and partſ in enery one of them , that it may not be written with negligence, but ta— ther with exad&, and curiouſ diligence. But certaine thingſ are repeared ſometimeſ in the ſame place, which may ſeeme to be beſidethe purpoſe being known or perceived;but if euery manwould conſider it diſtinG— ly, he wouldeaſily vnderſtand how little it weare either in matter or wordeſ : for ſome— timeſ the peculiar or vulgar ſpeech, or the eloquency of wordeſ did cauſe that zſhould doſo, that it might have that which might be imitated in ſpeaking , if any man would la— bour or endevour, eithe; to ſpeake or write any thing oftheſame matter . Parentheſeſ alſo do belong to the ſtile aſ the Gramzmar/iazſ callthem, which are very many enery wher in the whole worke, and that for many cauſeſ : either becauſe the reading or gathering iſ vatiable or vnolike, or the manner of writing did diſagree, or beceuſe our correction or 0— therſ waſ added thereto,or that Zmight tranſſateit, or that Z might fillor finith itifany thing ſhould be wanting, or that 7 might adde thereunto that which might delight the eloquency thereof, or do ſomthing. peculiar to the matter preſent, if the Latineſhould ſeemenotſufficiently rrarſlated of them: Andlaſtly, fimply to a more intelligible vnder— ſtanding of thoſe thingeſ with which they are mingled . Aſ much aſ belongſ to the right forme of writing , T haue not alwaieſ written the ſame tearmeſ , or nameſ after the famemaner, butaccording to the Authorſ I haue very oftentimeſ changed,whoſe wordſ 1 did rehearſe or recite. Thiſ iſ of the ſtile and elocution. That which doc belong to theſe thingeſ, and to the truch and certainety of them, I do not pro miſe my credit in very many of them, but yet am well pleaſed to put downe the nameſ of the Authorſ, with whom let thoſe thingeſ remaine . And truely the grea— teſt partof them do merrit faith or credite, which are fortified , or defended by the con— fent ofmany learned men,cuen now in many ageſ, aſ alſo that inthiſ fauour or benefit, very many of the Authorſ named of vſ, and happily ſom# of them are repeated not with any great fruite or profit, and yet arenot to bee miſliked. Therefore it iſ more wor— thy to bee beleeued, if one matter may bee ſpoken in theſame wordeſ of many wit— neſſeſ. I confeſſethat thereare ſome. vaine. gloriouſ thingſ, but they are not many, (aſ G/Mimſ ſaith in hiſ tranſlation of Ac/iayxſ) which we hane added or put. to thiſ worke, but they are recompenced, and amended with a great number of other graue and learned tranſla— tionſ .: and aſ if Father'ſ and Grand—Fatherſ ſhould delight of a Mold inthe ioynteſ or knuckle of their Children, that iſ to ſiy ,Fooleſ which donotweigh or valew other menſ workeſ. a tnſ ſi i Aſ for ſlandeterſ Idonotcare : for thoſe men are the beſt aſ Caze declareth , which are Skilſull or experienced intrue praiſe . Which thing if Lhaue not done to the full, and ample (alſo 1 vſed the ſame wordeſ which AMſ//arivſ writ in hiſ tranſlation of Fiſheſ) let not my ſtudy be blamed which trucly iſ moſt vehement, and ardent in theſame, becauſe at thiſtimeI counld do no more. q[4 3 Le (Conraduſ Geſneruſ Let the indifferentReaderſ indge, how confuſed a matterI tooke vponmetſ handle, netther did I cuer thinkethat I ſhould havue brought it to ſo good a paſſe . But how much beforetime we have done in helpingor ſuccoring good Artſ, let otherſ allo do aſ m uch, which afterwardeſ haue clattered out of meaſure . For neither will wee beare an euill diſcontented mind, if they bring theirhelpeſ or labourſ of other Skilfullmen, to thiſ exceeding great and hard labour which we haue vadertaken, and ſhall gobeyondor excelilvſ. They report that pedarotuſ that ſingular or excellent man, WE when he waſ notcho— ſen in the number of three hundered men, which order did ſhew or repreſent dignity oreſtimationamong the Laredemonianſ, went away merTy andlaughing, and being cal— led backe againe of Ephoruſ the Hiſtorian, being demaunded why he laughed, anſwered: becauſetruely I reloycedthat our citty had3.hundered Cittizenſ better learned then my ſelfe. Eurthermorealtthough Thane manifeſted hitherto almoſtal the writingſ of al thingſ (:oncerningFourc—footcd-Bdaſtcs which haue come to my handſ, and haue comprchen— ded or compaſſed them in our workeſ or Storieſ : Notwithſtanding for all that, I deſired — tohaueſome ſuperfluouſ or vnprofitable Bookeſ heareafter of other thingſ, but I nener thought I ſhould hane brought it paſſe ; for it iſ equityand reaſon that alſihings ſhould ſtand in their proper place and dignity, ebat all may profit which will, which thing I doe altogether deſire. Forſomethingſfor antiquity ſakedo deſerue, to be warily obſcrued, other ſomealſo for their PhyloſophicallMethod , and Method partaining to Logicke, or ſome matter differing from ourſ 5 otherſome for eloqution, and otherſome for all theſe cauſeſ wherfore we hane principally obſerued the Grzecianſ,fauoring their language & ſpccch, There are ſomewhich haue publiſhcd (ſaith G#/eſ) in their writingſ all the nature whicl; iſ comprehendedor concained in Foure footed—Beaſteſ, aſ Ariſftorle, Pliny, and other auncient Wiriterſ : Moreoucr the controuerſie or labour of whom, ldarc, notſay waſ manifeſtly finiſhed or performed,althongh many excellent thingeſ were begun of them concerning foure—footed—Beaſtſ . For truely me thinkeſ that ſuch ſcrupelouſ Authorſ haue perfedly diſtinguiſhed ſo many thingeſ of theſignification and nature of Foure— foored—Beaſteſ, that there iſ left no more roome in any place, for idle or negligent men to make anew diſcripcion or inuention . It iſ manifeſt alſo that Ari/farchuſ a:%d Solinuſ did no otherthing in two and forty yeare,then marke and confider the maner and faſhi ofthem, and ſo committed them to writing. Briciſ It iſa hard thing (aſ I may ſpeake with Pliny) tooffer or commi auncient thingſ, and to give authority to thin>gls not ſeene atore :\tnſſ:lotuc? Z]:Oc?ij:?t thingſ decayed or growne out of vſe, and to bring to light obſcure or difficult thi ey and to give reputation to thingeſ full of diſdaine, and credit to thingeſ doubtfi-l?-g ;s, to give credit to the nature of all thingeſ, and all thingeſ belonging to their naturcſi Rd Therefore Thauenot deſiredto haue followed ;\ltogetherſſ:hat which iſ excell andſumptuionſ . Truely the geculiar cauſe of them iſ in menſ defireſ , who beca f'c ſimſi: would pleaſe every one, haue eſteemed or ſet more by painefulneſſe [;aſſcd o wht cd ely lowed, then to help forward vtility or commodity newly found out . For whu:r. e commendable from allthe labour of learning, then to vndertake or Enterpri aſ bSBCin: tifulland commendable a charge,or buſincfl%, then ofrenewing old and edere boun— which were forgotten ,or rather to reſtore thingſ from Death o% ruine wha'nlcxlcnſi e y thereto,andtoreſtorethe: nameſ of thingſ ,andthingſ by thelpaitae ?lc ra > BDaG ſ ; torimtt y — ſ ? Great fauour ought to bee givien to thoſe alſo which docregardthe common waieſ, and doe f; vfi_cngthcn,ſi 'defend, clenſe, expounde, declare, polliſh, or finiſh,ſimakc p(cſſ:chctii Laſtly doforule and traine them , that they may be tractable to alltrauelerſ thereby ,ſſ zlr;d — \ tealllabering beaſtſ whatſoeuer they are, whoſe helpeſ wevſe in Cartſ orWaggon 2 53 and may performeandaccompliſhthem without dang i i | rance,although they cantiot ſu}ſ)'caine or beare all hil'(\i dxrz;%czr :2::7;1[2?:\2 U;Cfl\ iale: "of them . N_clrhcr docethey deſerue little praile or Commcx;dationsA i 1t Cg_rf raine haneſo pohſhcq ortrimmed vp ſome worke vndertaken for publike ik cfi?rnmg » which r;ſt or remnant intheſameargument, there ſhall be no complaint or 152 act ;ltllſſr::ſit y et, of to the Reader. of the difficulty thereof, which therefore if it be in my inſtruction, I ſhallbe very glad, ſeeing that Idid deſire to follow it : if not, ſomthing that Lhane performed on the great part iſ, that the learnied men ſtirred vp in thiſ buſineſſe by vſ, may not quit or abſolue that which iſ left behind. Theretoremoſt excellent and indifferent Reader ,fauor ye thiſ labourſome, honeft, pleaſant, profitable, and variable worke : and give the greateſtthankeſ to God, and I be— ſeech you that if you proceede any further in thiſ mortalllife becauſe it doth not profit tobee idle, that yourather beſtoweſome time in the ſearching out of nature, and that youmake a gratfull Solemnization and ſetting forth of Godſ workeſ before any other thingſ, which either labour or immoderate deſire may ſet out to our exereiſeſand endenourſ, we may bee exerciſed alfo in holineſſe and Godlineſſe, and may communi— cateand conſylt thingeſ requiſire , with great labour and diligence to the Ageſ to come. Therefore in the meane time I beſeech all good and painefull men,that if there be any of them whichhane ſomething to the finiſhing vp of thiſ worke, to bring it, although it be of neuerſo little moment, aſ are the ſhapeſ and formeſ of euery kinde of Foure—footed— Beaſteſ, or Hiſtoryeſ, that iſ to ſay; whatſocuer it iſ that canlead vſ more amply to know the nature of them: or blaming thoſe thingſ in which we haue erred, which truely I which Iam the man thinke there are many , yet I do not doubt but that they may wittily and fa— uorably communicate with ourſ, and may aſ it were make famouſ thiſ publique worke, being placed inthe middle, which thing alſo iſ profitable and excellentto them, and de— leGtableto mee, and continually to all learned men heareafter . That there hath beene a partaker, or companion of thiſ excellent worke he ſhall be in aduancement. If I ſhallbe admoniſhed of my error in few thingſ, nay onely in onetbing, I preſently will corre& it without enuy or mallice : or will put thereto ſome new matter, either tothe ſecond volume ofthe reſt of Foure—footed—Beaſtſ,,or otherwiſe in the addition : And leaſt E ſhbouldſeeme vngrateful to thoſe which haue contributed or beſtowed ſomthing to thiſ, contrary to theloue which I ſhould alwaieſ beare to them, ifnoother benefit ſhallbe ren— dered to them , aſ our eſtateiſ but mean,yer atleaſtwiſe I will declare my mind in a frend— Ty commemoration to a number of their nameſ intheir Catalogue,by whom Ihauepro— fixed. — But if any, either through a deſtitute or forſaken occaſion, or for any other cauſe or diſpoſitton,are forced to write orſend ſomthing tovſ, and alſo ſhall deſire publiquely to corre& ſome of our errorſ which we haue committed, which I[know many can do graue— , ly, and alſolearnedly, and I deſire that they may doe it,& entreatofthem that they write learnedly and modeſtly, and to do itſo, that the common wealth pertaining to learning, may rather aduance and premote him, then either to wrong hiſ creditor renowne,or any cauſe of blaming or rebuking vſ, aſ itbecommeth men of courage, trucly to ſec into it. Tamalwaieſ ready to amend my own, from any inſt correCtion or blame, butnot deprive any man of hiſ owne praiſe. For Ihope (withoutoffence be it ſpoken hereychat thiſ our Tabour or paineſ ſhall remaine to the worldſ end, not through the merrit or deſert of our learninge', (which iſ but ſmall ) but through our diligence, whichhath ioy— ned together moſt diligently and exaetly, fo many and great . labourſ and ſtorieſ,from a number of Anthorſ, aſ it were into one treaſury or Store—houſe. Farewell nSad et . TT 4 To Readerſ. Frer Lhad expreſſed theſe two Epiſtleſ of Comraduſ Geſner, in theformer whereokfghe declareth to the Stateſ—men of Zw+ ricke the vtility of the ſtory , and in ther latter hiſ excuſeſ or reaſonſ of hiſ method in hiſ latter workeſ : Ithought good alſe to followe him in hiſ Apology of the Authourſ, out of whoſe writingſ he had taken any part of hiſ ſtory : Although T haue not nor could not obſerue hiſ wordſ, method,forme, and matterinall thingſ in thiſ my Engliſh collection, not onely becauſe hiſ purpoſe waſ to gather all that had beene 2 written of enery beaſt,& to leauetheſame (aſ he profeſſeth) likea Dictionary ,for the priuate vſe of learned men, but alſo becauſe my purpoſe waſ,to ſhew to euery plaine and honeſt man, the wonderfull workeſ of God in euery beaſt in hiſ vulgar toongue, and give occaſion to my loning friendeſand Country—men, to adde of themſelueſ, or elſe to helpe mee. with their owne obſeruationſ vppon theſe ſtoricſ : yetforaſinuch aſ I muſt acknowledge him my Authour, by the helpe of whoſe eieſ I haue ſeenealmoſtall that I haue wrote, I will ſay aſ he doth out of pliviwſ Secundmſ, Eſt e— nim benignum vt arbitror c& plenum ingenuipudoriſ, fateri per quoſ profeceriſ non ut plerig, quoſ attigi fecerunt . That iſ, It iſ a ſigne of a good nature repleniſhed with all modeſtic 5 to confeſſe the Authorſ of alloneſ profit, and not to do aſ many haue done, into whoſe writingſ Lhaue looked, for by comparing them to the auncient, I founde thati they had tranſlated many thingſ word for word,and neuer named them truely : indeed it iſ aſigne ofavile and ill mind or witte, rather toaduenture to be taken with theft, then to pay that which waſ lent him, although heknowvſury will not be required. Therefore we will confeſſe all to Be other menneſ, and beginwith the Catalogue of ſuch Wrriterſ aſ he nameth, and hath already expreſſed; and becauſe Iknow none but learned and ſtudiouſ men will looke after them, I will after hiſ manner expreſſe them in the Latine, and ſane the labour of tranſlation :! Adding thereunto ſuch Authorſ aſ Thaue inſerted into thiſ ſtory, either Engliſh or Forraine : And whereaſ Thanve taken many thingſ out of thoſe Writerſ named by him which he omitted, I will not derogate from hiſ labour,, but ſuffer them to goaſ they were ; and therefore to beginwith Copradiſ Ge/— mer I will ſay of him,, aſ waſ ſaid by him of another : NW/ſ fereaſ tamtune ſecula futura vte rum, and the refiduc follow Alphabetically. \ T he (Catalogue of the Authorſ which hane wroteof Beaſtſ. Herrevy Avirnorſ. — 7 Etuſ Teſlamentum cum annotationibuſ Seb. Munſteri. Eiuſ{dem Munſteri Diltionaria, Hebraicola— tinum, & quadrilingue . Epiſtolapreſbyteri Ioanniſ, vt vocant ,hoe eſt Acthiopie regiſ ad Pontificem Rom. de rebiſ Aethiopiciſ. Arabicoſ þoceſt ex Arabicalingua tranſlatoſ, nominabo infcriuſ inter obſcuroſ. Grrexſ Avrxorſ. Altuarij liber de Serpentibuſ & weneniſ fbre;+ fiter ex Dioſcoride contractuſ eſt. Adamanty Phyſiognomica. \ Acſcuylſ trageedie. Actif non ommia ſed plerad, enolui & excerpſi: zegrum vero librum 13. quieſtde ve— neniſ &> venenatiſ animalibuſ. Aelianſ biſtoria animalium Petro Gillio inter— prete,cum cinſde additionib. ex Oppia— | 7 ed Ccttd[ogu@' plutarche, porphyrio, &> Heliderio, vt li—— brotitenlaſ habet. Sic antem Acliani omnia adieda ſut,vſt nihil ad rem pertinenſ omit teretur : nam ſi quando ſtiluſ luxuriari vi— debatur ,co leuiter enagari, aut hominem cam brutiſ conferendo reprehendere, (quod [apiteſ facit ut quiprofeſſione yhetor fucrit) plerung contraximuſ. Einſ{dem varie hiſtorie libri 14,. FEin/dem de inſtruendiſ aciebuſ liber. Alexadri Magni epiſtola ad Ariſtotelenſ deve— buſ Indicuſ Cornelio Nepote interprete. Alexandri Aphrodiſienſiſ problematam libyi 2 Alexander Trallianuſ medicuſ. Ammonicuſ de differentifſ vecum., Annoniuſ Peripluſ. E Apolloni; Argonantica, cum Scholijſ, Apoſtoly ByZanty parcemia. Appianuſ hiſtoricuſ. Aratuſ, cum Scholgſ. Ariſftideſ rhetor . Ariſtophaniſ comedie, cum Scheliſ. Ariſtoteltſ libriintegri, quod particulayeſ hi— _ftoriaſ ateinet, De hiſtoria, de generatione cir departibuſ animalium. Phyſſognomica. De mirxabilibue. De coloribuſ. Parna natu— ralia, vt vocant.Problemata. In cateriſ li— byiſ, aut nullam anſ rariſamum vlliuſ anſ— W antiſ nomen occurret Michatliſ Epheſij Scholiain libroſ, de genera— tioneque Ioanniſ Philopeni nemine publicſ ta funt. Niphuſ ſcribit Michatlſ Epheſif Scholia in kbroſ de generatione extare, ex— Poſitionem non extare. Ariani Peripluſ Euxini Ponti. Ein{dem Peripluſ rubr1 mariſ, Eiu/dem de yebuſ geſtiſ Alexandrihiſtovia. Eiuſ{dem Indica. AthenaiDipnoſophiſtſ. Biblia ſacra, hoc eſt vernſ &r mont Teſtamen— — Callimachi poemata quedam . [tum Graca. Cl. Galeni libri : aly quide multi ſþarſim Ano— biſ cognuiti: integri verd propter animalium hiſPoriam, qui Zqmmtur. Libr: de ſimplicium, facultatibue. De anti— dotiſ. De theriaca ad Piſonem.De cibiſ bo— mi dr mali ſucci—De alimentorum facultati. buſ tertiuſ.De parabilibuſ libri treſ, quoriſ primuſ incipit,Cum arſ medieacirea nallaſ vnguam vrbeſ. Secunduſ,,ad Solonem, a— cephaluſ.Tertiuſ Galeno adſeriptuſ incipit: Degurgulioniſ vitiſ, Diederuſ Sieuluſ hiſforicuſ, Diogeneſ Ldertinuſ de vitiſ phileſophorum. Dienkſfforicuſ. Se t3 Dioniſynſ Afer de ſituorbiſ ,c> Euſtathiuſ in— terpreteſ. & — Dio/torideſ. } Epigramatum Gracorum authoreſ dinerſi. Epiſtolarum Gratarum anthoreſ diverſ?, . quoſ Alduſ elim vno velumine contunx= IÞ! * — Etymologicen. Enripidiſ trageedia. <=. Euſtathinſ in priereſ quing, Hiadiſ libroſ. . Geopenicorum, id eft, de re ruſtica ad Com— fantinumſ Caſarem librorum authoreſ di #erſſ. Heliodori Aethiopica hiſtoriſ libri decem. Heraclidiſ diſeriptioneſ Rer umpulb, Heroditibiſtoria. Heſtodſ pocmata, cum Scholiſ, Heſychy Lexicon. Hippiatri Graci, Abſjrinſ, Hievorleſ, Pelage— mninſ &r ali; vno volumine coniuniti. Hippocrateſ — pracipne libri de natura mulie— byi, de morbiſ multebribuſ, deinterniſ affe— Tionibuſ. Homernuſ,cum Scholyſ. Ioſephuſ. Toanniſ Txetzevaria hiſtoria. Iuliuſ pollux. . Lucianuſ. Lycophron cum Scholiaſte. . Nicandri Theriaeſ & Alcxiphaymaeſ, cum Scholiſ. Nicolai Myrepſimedicamenta compoſita ſecun— dum genera, Leonhardo Fuchſiointerpre— te. Oppiani libri de piſcibuſ, C> de venatione, In cin{dem libr oſ de aneupio paraphraſiſ Orphenſ. . Ori vel Hori Hieroglyphicſ. Ppalepharnuſ de fabuliſ. Panluſ deginetamedicuſ Succidanea cum eiuſdem., G& cum Galenſ operi—= buſ commngi ſolita. Panſ{anie libyi de regionibuſ Gracie. Phileſ qui de animalibuſ [emarioſ iambiceſ cop didit, omnia ab Aeliano mutuatuſ. Philoſtrati Iconeſ. Etuſdem libri de vita Apollony. Phurnutuſ de dyſ, Pindaruſ cum Scholijſ, Plato. (70, Plutarchi vitſ, & alij vari/ libellſ integri ve— Verum terreſiria ant aquatilia animalia ſimne Sapientiora., Grzlluſ, vel quod brutaratione vtantur, Liber of the Authorſ. Liber de rſide & Ofiride. M. Valerii Martialiſ epigrammata, Canſanaturaleſ. M. Vitruumſ de architeura. Polyani ſtrategemata. Noninſ Marcelluſ de lingua Lat. polybiuſ hiſtericuſ. | Palladiuſ de re ruſt» Procopiuſ Gazauſ ſophiſta in olt ateuchum . pormponiuſ Mela. vteriſ Teſtamenti. P.Vergilit Maroniſ Bucolica ir Acneiſ, Q.Calaber poeta. Finuſdem Georgica,. Theophraſtiopera, P.Onidit opera. Theocrituſ, Eidem falſd ad Jevipta, Philomela de vocibut Xenophontiſ operſ dinerſa, animalium,Gr Pulex., 2 De venatione. Ein/dem Halieutica. Derecqueſtri, 2 Quintuſ Horatiuſ Flacouſ, Hipparchienſ. Q;+ Serenuſ Samenituſ. SerniuſinVirgilium. Larinſ Avtnorſ Sextuſ Platonicuſ de remediiſ ex unimalikiuſ, Sexti Aurelii PropertiiElegia. Acl. Lampridiuſ. \ Sextuſ Pompeiuſ Feſtuſ de lingna Lat. Acl. Spartinnſ. SextiIuliiFrontini Strategamata— Alb. Tibulluſ. Siliuſ Italicnſ Potta. Ammianuſ Marcellinuſſ Statiuſ Papiniuſ Neapol Poeta. Auluſ Gelliuſ. + — TitiCalphurnii Sienlſ Bucolicaſ Auluſ Perſiuſ. I. Liutuſ Hiſtoricuſ, Aur. Gorneliuſ Celſuſ, Valeriuſ Maximuſ. Cel. Apiciuſ de re culinariaſ Acſculapiuſ neſcio quiſ.gx animalibuſ remedia C.In]. Ceſar. deſcripſit qua plerag,, cadeoſ apud Sextum C.Inliuſ Solinuſ. Platenicumreperio. G . Plinii Secundi Hiſtoria mundſ, Alberti Magni de animalibuſ libriinnumer iſ C.Suetoniuſ Trangquilluſ. eyroribuſ inquinati, it a 4 Niphuſ totidem C.Val. Catalluſ, ferzerroreſ in efſe ſribat qnot verba. < Deciuſ Auſoninſ. Alexander quidam autbor obſcuruſ,,4b aliiſ e— Fl.Vegetiuſ Renataſ de ye militariſ infdlem farine authoribuſ eitatur , tipſe non Einſdem Malomedicina. wvidi : vt & Rodelphuſ in Leuitioum. FI. Vopiſcuſ hiſkorieuſ. Arnolduſ de Villanowa , in iſ que de animalſ— Gratiiliber devematione. buſ ſcribit, vt inlibro de theriaca, Arabumſ Inl.Capitolinuſ hiſtoriauſ. corimwe interpretu tum nomina tum er+ Juniuſ Tunenaliſ poet a Satyrictſ . rozeſ ſequitar. + L. Annauſ Seneca, * Bartolemai Anglici de proprictatiuſ rerum L. Apuleinſ. libri. 19 . \ L, Inniuſ Moderatuſ Collumeladerevuſt. & Auerroiſ libroſ Ariſtoteliſ de generatione &r hortenſi. departibuſ paraphraſtice reddidit licet meo Muerobiuſ Ambroſiuſ Aur . indicioperperaminterpretetur Niphuſ,Ego Marcelluſ medicnſ Empiricuſ, quem fimplici— cum ex hiſ ſtriptiſ nikil egregii ſperaremſ ter Marcelli nomine citatointer remedBia ex nety, apud noſ reperirem. accerſere nolui. ut animaliÞuſintellig;ſ volo, non Marcellum neg, Auitenne de animalibuſ libroſ jin qut—= Vergilium illum noſiri ſecali qui Dioſcori— buſplerag, omnia Ariſtoteliſ eſſe puto : 6 dem tranſtulit, & annotamentiſ illuſtra— Siquid praver illa adiedum eſt, in Alberti wit. lucubrationibuſ, (quibuſ noſ vſi ſamuſ,) M. AdTiuſ plantnſ Comicuſ. contineri., = ſi M. Annci Lucani Pharſalia, Auiceuna oper a medica.Deeiuſdem libriſ ani— MAureliiOlympiiNemeſianipoitedevenaaſ malium in Alberti Magni mentione fam tione liber. 4 dixi, 3 M. Cato de reruſt. . \q Elluchaſom Elimithar Medici de Baldath Ta— M.Menili Aſtronomicin liwt. cuini, M. Fereptinſ Tarro deveruſhſ<\ Ferdinaduſ 4 pPonzete Cardinaliſ ,de venentſ. Idem de litiguſ Lat, **4\ Tago—= ad Cctmlſſo(gue Licobuſ Doadnſ Pataniouſ, quemvulgd AG— Gregatorem TUoodnt. & ' Jorachſ cuin{dam liber de animalibuſ ab Al— berto Magno |ape citatur, (ab ali/ſ obſcu— riſ.) ait antem eitfrequentur falſaſcribere. Kirandeſ etiam neſcio quiſ Crab Azgregatore &> aluyſ recentioribuſ ,in remedifſ przciput ex animalibuſ ſubinde citatur . Matthai Syluatici pandett ſ Medicmaleſ. R. Moſeſ. | Petruſ Aponenſiſ veneniſ. Raſiſ in libro deſexaginta animalibuſ. Serneryo vel Haren Serneryo,ab Alberto Mag— no in hiſtoria animaliiifrequentir citatur . Serapio. Vincenty Belluacenſiſ de animalilouſ libri— 7. mnempe decimuſ{cptinmtſ Speculi ctnamralſis_ cit ſ ex ſequentibuſ Specali dottrimaliſ e41x libro decimoſexto rurſiſ tle ij/dein breuiter agit. Liber de natura rerum authoriſ innominati, paſſim apud recentioreſ illoſ quorum impu— yuſ ſermo Latiniſ eſt ,citatur \Vineentium, Albertii ex quibuſ'noſ omnia qua no pror— ſuſ abſurda erant mutaati ſumuſ. Andrea Bullunenſiſ Gloſſematain Auicennam wti[iaaſ/m?z > erndita, quamuiſ diltioniſ non admodum pur efuit enim lingnua Ara— bica peritmſ ,itavt orthographiectiiſcrp— zarnm abeo ditionum maior ſit habenda fi— deſ, quiim ab aliiſ quorum plerig, miſerk i— lam coryupernnt. Lauren, Ruſſiuſ Hippiaerita peritiſſime ſcrip— ſit, quanquam {tilo now ſatiſ Latino, Iſidoruſ Etymelogici ſuilibro 12. de animali— buſ quadam ſcripſit non inutilia : meretur antemmedivfere locinifallor , inter claſ— ficeſ cr barbar oſ authoreſ. 9t to Monachi illi quorum commentari/j in Meſwen ante annoſ Circiter ot o Venetiiſ excuſi {unt. , LEin{dem ordiniſ fuerint y Petri Creſcenti— enſiſ de re Ruſt libri. 5 Acnea Syluſ Aſie &> Europe deſcriptio. Alexandri ab Alexandriſ IC . Neapolit. Dieſ gemtaleſ. Alexandrſ BenedictiVeronenſiſ de morbiſ en— randiſ opuſ. . Alſiſt; Cadamuſti nanigatio. Alviſii Mundella Epiſtola medicinaleſ. AmericiVeſþuty nanigationeſ. Andree Alciati Emblemata. AndreaeVeſali opuſ Anatomicum. Angelia Polittani opere. Antont MuſaBraſauolſ libri de medicamentiſ wijitatiſ ſimplicibuſ & tompoſitiſ. Antowinſ Thileſiuſ . _ a 59 Auguſtini Niphi commentary in libroſ Art— ſtoteliſ de animalium hiſtorriargeneratione, Cypartibnſ. Eiuſdem de angurifſ liber . Bctptiſtſiz Ficre Mantuanicena,. BaptiſtaplatineCremonenſiſ de honeſta volu— prtate & waletudine libri. 5 Baſſianuſ Landuſ Placentinuſ de humana hi— ftoria, Beliſarinſ Aquiuiuuſ Aragoneuſ Neritinorit dux de venationt, ex Oppiano fere. Eiu/dem de aucupio liber . Brocarduſ mrnackuſ de Terraſanita, Caly Calcagnini opera. Cely Rhodigini Antiquariſ lectionum volu— men: quod frequentiſame in opere peſtro Calia (impliciter nomine citatur Celiuſ Aurelianuſ Siceenſiſ, ( hiſ pertinet ad ordinemveterum.) Celi Secundi Curioniſ Aranenſ. Careli Figuli dialogſ, alter de muſtelſſ, alter depi/cibuſ in Moſella Auſoni . Caroli Stephant ſeripta de vacabuli;rei hor— tenſiſ, Seminary & Vineti. Chriſtophori Columbi—Nawigatio. Chriſtophori Oroſciſ Hiſpama Annotationeſ in Actiam &r eiuſ interpreteſ, Deſiderij Eyaſmi Rot. opera. Einſ/dem Chilia deſadagiorum Eraſmuſ Stella de Boruſvia antiquitatibuſ. Franciſci Marij Grapaldi Parmenſiſ de parti— buſ edium libri. 2—Tractat antem de ani—= aalabouſ libri primicapitiluſ, 6.7.8. 9 . Franciſci MaſſariiVenetiin nomum Plinii de maturali hiſtoria Caſtigationeſ C>Anneta— tieneſ. FrantiſtiNigriBaſſianatiſ Rhatia, FEranciſcuſ RobortelluſVrtinenſiſ. Gabricliſ Humelbergiicommentariiin Same= nicum, in Sextum de meditiniſ animaliia, r>in Apicium. Gaſpariſ Heldelini ciconia encominm. Georgit Agricole libri de metalliſ. Deponderi— buſ C» menſuriſ, Etuſdem liber de animantibuſ ſubterranciſ . Georgii Alexandrini priſcarix apud anthoreſ reiruſlice enarratio. \ Gz{z'l:ilmi BudxiCommentariilingnaGrace, Lin{dem Philologia. Gul. philandri Caſlilioni/ Galliin Fitruuinm annotationeſ. | Guilielmi Turnerixdugli liber de auibuſ, Giberti Longolii dialoguſ de anibuſ; Her— Heymolai Barbari Caſligationeſ in Plinmum. Coroliarinumin Dioſcoridem. * Phyſica. Hieronymi Cardani de {ubtilitate libri. HieronymiVidepoema de bombycibuſ. Iacobi Syluiilibride medicamentiſ ſimplicibuſ deligendiſ & praparandiſ. Iamſ Cornarii Annbtatieneſ in Galeniſ de cop. pharm ſceundumlocoſ. t ZoachimiCamerarii Hippocomnſ, Rhetovica. Toachimi VadianiCommentariiin Melam. Io. Agricole Ammoniide ſimplicibuſz medica— mentiſ libri—2. Lnipo@muſ Aubanuſ de moribuſ omnium gen— : »Finamm \ To, Brodai annotationeſin epigrammilt4 Gre— Ca. © Io, Ferneliuſ Ambianuſ de abditiſ reyum can— fſ. " To.Cufnernſ medieuſ Eermanuſ. Jo. Ioninianuſ Pontantſ. Io. Manardi Ferravienſiſ: epiſtole medicina— leſ. Jo. Rawiſii Textoriſ Officina. I. Ruellii hiſtoriaplantarum. ToVrſiniproſopopeia animalium carmine, Cit annotationtbuſ Iaſ.Gliuarii. TodociVnillichit Annotationeſ in GeorgicaVer il1: . Julianuſ Aureliuſ Leſſignienſiſ de cognomini— buſ deorunmſ gentilium. Laparuſ Bayſiuſ dere veſtiaria, de re nantica, devaſculiſ . Leonelli Fauentini deVidtoriiſ; demedendiſ morbiſ liber . LiliiGregorii Giraldi Syntagmata de diiſ. LudoniciVartomanni Romani patritii Nawi— gationumlibriV I I. Marzeclli Vergilti in Dioſcoridem Annotati— oneſ. Marci PanliVenetide regionibuſ Orientiſ li— bri 3. & Matthiaſ a Michou de Sarwatia Aſtana atque Europea. Medicorumrecentiorum cum aliori@, tum qut parum Latine de cur andiſ morbiſ ſingula— tim ſtripſerunt libri dmnerſi. Michael Angeluſ Blonduſ decanibuſ & ve— natione. Nicolai Erythyr ai Index in Vergilinum. Nicelai Leoniceni opera. Nicolai LeonwiThomaiVaria hiſteria. Nicolat Perotti Sipontini Cormucepia. Othoniſ Brunfelſii Pandedt a medicinaleſ. Pauluſ Ioninuſ de piſcibouſ, Idem de Moſchonitarum legatione. of the Authorſ. Petruſ Crinituſ. Petri Galliſſardi Aragquet puliciſ Encomium: Petri Gilli Galli Additioneſ ad Aeliani libroſ de animalibuſ iſetranſtatoſ. Eiuſdem liber de Galliciſ nominibuſ piſci— wm. Petri Martyriſ Oceane decadeſ, de nawigatio= nibuſ noui Orbiſ. Phillippi Beroaldi Annotationeſ in Columel— Tam. Pinzoni nawigationeſ:G& Magellani ad inſulaſ Moluchaſ. Ppolydoruſ Vergiliuſ de Anglid. Idem de reynm inuentoribuſ. Raph. Volateryanuſ. S RobertuſCenaliſ de ponderibuſ &» menſuriſ. Roberti Stephani Appendix ad Diltionarium Gallicolatinum. FH 3 i Scriboniuſ Larguſ, Sebaſtianiſ Munſterſ Coſmographia vniner fa liſ. Sebaſtinni Sigmari; cieade Encomium. Strozil poita, pater & filinſ. Theodoſiuſ Trebelliuſ Foroinlienſiſ, concinnaſ mator Diltionary qued Promptuariumine S[eripſiſ. } Valeriuſ Corduſ de medicamentiſ compoſitiſ apud Pharmacopolaſ vſitatiſ. Gernvuan, Avinorſ. Balthaſariſ Steindel. Dillingenſiſ | Opſatyti— CA. Eberharduſ Tappiuſ Lunenſtſ de auccipitri— buſ. i Ein/dem pronerbia Germanica cum Latiniſ &> Gr aciſ collata. Hicronymi Tragi hiſtoriaplantarum. Joanniſ Elia/cripta de nocabuliſ venatoriſſ in libro einſ deg(cientiaſcriharum publicorum, 1o. Stump{ii Chronica Heluetie. Michael Heruſ de quadrupedibuſ. Olai Magnitabula & libelluſ de inſuliſ &re— gionibuſ Oceant Septentrionaliſ Eurd— £3. Vary libelli Hippiatrici Medicinaleſ, & Ald, partim exenuſi, partim manuſcripti. Irartan Avrnoxrſ. Franciſei Alunni(non Arlunui, vt [ape ſtrip— fimuſ inhoc Opere) Ferravienſiſ Fabrica mundi. Petri Andreſ Mattheoli Senenſiſ commenta— tarij in Dioſeoridem. Ter— eA Catalogue Terre Sanite deſcriptio Authoriſ innomi— tati, +, Errnca Ayrncrſ. Gulieimnſ Tardiuuſ de accipitribuſ cr caniluſ venaticiſſ Andra Furnery liber de decoratione humane _ pature.. \ Jo. Goeurotuſ,deConſeruatione vita. 3 Thome:\ Elioeſ DiZtonarium Anglicolati— num. Sigiſinundi Gelent Lexicon ſimphonum La— tine, Grece, Germanitx, & lilrice lin— g WATWN. iſ CATALOGUS.. DOCTO. RVM VIRORVM, QVI VT OPVſ hocnoſtrum & rempub.literariamilluſtra— . rent, velaliundc imagineſ animalium, aut nomina deſcriptioneſ miſerunt : vel pree— ſenteſ communicarunt.. Horum nonnulli ſupeituſ quog; nomi— natiſunt ,quodinſuper "ſcriptiſcorum pub— licatiſ adiutuſ fim. — f AClzzctll!Z* P. Gaſſaruſ medicuſ Germanuſ. Alexander Peifer Scaphuſianuſ. Alviſiuſ MondellaBrixienſiſ medicuſ. Andreaſ Mairtinuſ Roſtechienſiſ. Antoniuſ Eparchuſ Coreyrauſ, Grack lingue profeſſor Veneti/ſ) © W SW Antoniuſ Muſa Braſfanolaſ illuſtriſſimi Fer— yarie duciſ Hereuliſ Eſtenſiſ archiatroſ. Antoniuſ Stuppa Rhatnſ. Arnolduſ Peraxyluſ Arleniuſ Germanuſ. Partolmaenſ a Caſtromuro canomcuſ Currenſiſ in Rhatia. Celmſ Secundiſ Curio Italuſ. » 1 Florianuſ Suſe Rolitx 4 Varſbania Polonnſ. Franciſcuſ Belinchettuſ merchator Bergo— menſeſ, Ge. Agricolaconſul Kempnicy . Ge. Fabriciuſ poeta, Sebola reitor Miſene. Gizbertuſ Horſ{tiuſ Aviſterodamuſ medicuſ Romg. Greorginſ Mangolt Conftantienſiſ. Guilicilmuſ\Grataroluſ Bergomenſiſ medieuſ. Guliclm#ſ Padeaiſ D.medicing. Gulielmuſ Camdenuſ Clarentiuſ. Guiltelmuſ Turneruſ Angluſ medicnuſ. Henricuſ Stephanuſ Reberti filiuſ, Pariſienſiſ. Hieronymuſ Fracaſtorinſ Veronenſiſ meditnſ. Hicronymuſ ErobenioſBaſilienſiſ typegraphuſ Hreroexymuſ Traguſ Germanuſ. Zohanneſ Caiuſ D.medicing. TIo., Altuſ Heſſuſ, Io Culmannuſ Goppingenſiſ. Zo. Derpnſwam Germanuſ. Io Eſtwycuſ Angluſ. Io. Falconeruſ medicuſ Angluſ. To. Kentmannuſ Dreſdenſiſ medicuſ. Io. Oporinuſ Baſilienſiſ typographuſ. ſanne, Io. Ribittuſ ſacy arum liter ar ſ interpreſ Lan— Inſtinuſ Gobleruſ I.C»G principi— Naſſauien— [i k conſilfſ, Ltcaſ Gynuſ medienſ Italuſ. | . Michael Alyſiuſ Galluſ Trecenſiſ medicuſ. Nicelauſ Gerbeliuſ Phorcenſiſ I:C: Petruſ Daſypodiuſ Greearam literarum pro— fellor Argentorati, praceptor meuſ. PetruſGilliuſ Galluſ— Petruſ Merbeliu, Germanuſ, CoreloV: a con— Siltiſ Mediolani. 7 — v Ppetruſ de Meſnil Galiuſ. Petruſ Pauluſ Vergerinſ,olim epiſcop. Inſtino— politanuſ: Sebaſttanuſ Munſternſ Hebraice lingue pre— feſſor Baſilex & Sigiſmunduſ Geleniuſ Bohemuſ. Caliuſ Sozinuſ Senenſiſ. Simon Lithoniuſ Valeſimſ. Caſþar Hellto eccleſiaſteſ Argentinenſiſ Theodernſ Bibliander ſacrarum literarumſ a— Chyiſtophoruſ Clanſernſ Tigirinuſ arehintroſ _ pudnoſprofeſſor. Corneliuſ Sittarduſ medicuſ Germanuſ. Tho. Bonham D. medici. Dominicuſ Montheſauruſ medituſ Veronen— Themaſ Gyb/on Angluſ medieuſ. fiſ. Va(lmtims Graniuſ vir docTuſ & ſenator Danid Chytrauſ. Miſene. ®, Acgidiuſ Flechernſ. VincentivuſValgriſiuſ Germanuſ, typographuſ Edw :Wootenuſ. Venetitſ, < Alexandri ed Ccttctloſſgue Lexandri Myndi liber de animalibuſ. & -A/Jzſtorz'a inmentornm,memorantur ab _A— theneo. Antipatri librum de animalibuſ citat Plutar— taychuſ in libro decauſiſ nat. probl. 38. Antiphorhetor ſeripſit de panomib. Athenauſ, Archeſtraruſ de varijſ animalibuſ ad cibia ap— Fiſ ,corumif, ad gulam & voluptatem appa— ratu carminibuſ ſcripſit , queperſape reei— tat Athenauſ. } Cecluſ Argiuuſ de piſcibuſ ſcripſit carmine, Athenawſ. — Calliſtheniſ librum tertium de venatione citat Plutarehuſ in libr o de fluuijſ. Epicharmouſ Syracuſanuſ pecudum medicinaſ diligentiſſimet conſcripſit. Collumella. & LeonideſBy=antiuſ (cripſit de piſcibuſ oratio— neſoluta, Athenanſ. . Numentſ librum Theriacumcitant Scholia in Nicandrum. 23 i— Numeniuſ Heracleoteſ de piſcibuſ poema con— didit, Athenauſ. ct ® ® Ppetri Ophiaea adducit Soholiaſteſ Nicandri. , Pancratiuſ Arcaſ Halienticha reliquit carmi— ne : item Poſideniuſ Corinthinſ, Athenenſ: Seleucuſ Tartenſiſ Halientica edidit ffroſfctſ, Athen. Softratuſ ſcripſit natura animalii, vt Athena.tr Nicandri Scholiaſteſ citant . E— in{dem ſecundu de venatione librum citat Stobanſ in Sermone quoVenuſ vituperatur Strato Lamp{acenuſ Phyſicuſ ſcripſit de gene— yatione animalium, item de animalibuſ,de quibuſ dubitatur, & de fabuloſiſ animali— buſ Laertinuſ. . Theophraſtuſ Ereſſiuſ ( Laertto ttſtſſt) Seripfit de dinerſitate vociſ animalium eiuſdem ge— meriſ lib. v.De animalibuſ quſ ſapere dich— turvntium.De hiſ que in ſieco morantur dw oſ.De animalibuſſeptem. De hiſ qua colo— veſ impemutant vnit.De hiſ que latibnla faci— wht vnite De antomatiſ (ſic puto vocat,que wonex colty, ſed ex putredine naſeuntur ) animalibuſ vnum.Compendi{ ex Ariſtotele de animalibouſ libr oſ 6.De animaliii (pruden— tia & moribuſ vnit.—De fruttilbuſ G&r anima bebuſ ver ſuſ mille centii & ottoginta duoſ, Horw nounalloſ etii Athenenſ citat. nem— pe touſ peri zoen pert ton en to xero diatri— bonton coonper: tonphelenonton periton metaballonten taſ ſeroaſ:itemperi ton da keton kat bleticon. — Xenvcratiſ librum de vtilitate que alſ animalt buſ capitur citat Galenuſ.lib. 10.c. 4 de (implicibuſ. Aunguſtinuſ Niphuſ in pr afatione comentari— orum quoſ in+ Ayiſtoteliſ de animaliluſ li= broſ adidit,complureſ alioſ authoreſ vete— reſ, quorii libri de animalibuſ ſeriptinoex— tent, enumerat mutuatuſ ex Indice Plini qui loco privni libri haberur. Authoreſ enim aliquot quoſ octanopracipute libro pliniuſ nominat tanqua emneſ de animalibu ſ ſim— pliciter ſcripſerint ANipho numeriturcunſ dlli obiter tantiiin operthuſ ſniſ velreſ ge— ftaſ vel rem ruſtica continentibuſ,animali— am quorudia miminerint.Iuba\Hieron, At— taluſ,P hilometer & Archelauſ regeſ de vi— materath, animaliii diligenter perſcripſeriit Gillinſ.Egoregumiffornm nomina citart quide apud Plinium reperio, de animalibuſ verd ex profeſſo eoſ ſtripſiſſe nuſquii legere \ memini.Hiero quidem,Philometer, Atta— luſ & Archelawſ de enltura agri/ſcripſeriit, v4 refert Pliniuſ 18.3.Inba vero tum alia, twme de Arabia ſine Arabica expeditione,co= dem teſte 6. 27. E 12. 14.. 10 quibuſ libriſ noulta eoſ de anitwalibuſ ſtripſifſe conijcio, ex profeſſo nuſquam. papenanemapcrrage a nrr reo Rro %An Engli iſhLable expreſſing the name of enery Be aſt in ſuch ſou aſ it iſ recited in thiſ H 1ſtm y, referring euery Beaſt to hiſ proper head and kind by chc Page. Camelſ. 93 Fitchor Pool—cat. a19 leopc a CamellDromedary 97 Eoxe. 210 AApc vulgar. 2 Camelopardall. t08 CrucigeranFoxe. 222 ApcMunkey. 6 Allocamell. ® 10or G; AocMa.rme 4 Campe. — 102r Gennet Kat. 228 Apc Callitriche. g Cat. 102 Goateſ. ApcePrafian. gq Wildecat. t07 Goateſvulgar. 230 ApeBaboun. 10 Coluſ. to8 Mambrine Goatſ, 235 Ape Tartarine. 13 Cony. i 1t09 Deere—Goateſ. 143 Ape Satyre. 153 IndianPig—cony. 112 Wilde Goat. 144 ApeMonſter. 15 D. Kyd. 147 ApeNoruegian 16 Deare. Gulon. 6t Ape Pan. 15 FallowDeere. 13 Gorgon 162 Ape Sphinx. 17 RoeBucke, 114 41 —» Ape Sagoni. 18 Tragelaphuſ. 118 Hare. ſi t 164 Ape called Bearcape. 19 Hart and Hinde. 121 Hcdghog *. 177 ApecalledFoxe—ape. 19 Dictyeſ: — iid97 Horſc. Afſe. 20 Doggeſ. Horſe vulgar. 28% Hinnuſ. 29 Doggeſ. 137 Srallionſand Mareſ. 295 Jnonuſ. ibid Greyhound. 144 Hunting Horſeſ. 32% Ginnuſ. ibid. Hound. 149 Running orrace Horſeſ. 322 Mannuſ. jbid. Bloud—Hound. 150 Geldingſ. 324 Mannuluſ. ibid. Spannicl. 153 Carreering Horſeſ., +324 Befi. i ibid. Mungrelſ. 154 PackeHorſeſ.' 325 Burdoneſ. jbid. Mimicke or HlandDog. 161 Wilde Horſeſ. 335 Wilde Affe. 30 Little Mzelitean Dogſ. 161 Hippelaphuſ, 236 Seythian Aſſeſ. 31 The Harier., 165 SeaHorſe, 328 Indian Afſſeſ. 32 The Terriar. 165 Hyena. Axiſ and Albomch 32 The Gaſehound. 167 Hyznavulgar, 436 The Leymmer. 168 Papioor Dabuh, 439 Badger, Brod c,ox Gray. 33 The Tumbler. 168 Crocuta. 440 Beare. 35 TheTheeuiſhDog. . 169 Mantichora, 4415 Beancr. 44 TheSetter. 169 1, Biſon. 50 The Waterſpannieh i170 Ibex, Scotian Biſon. 52 TheFiſher. 171 Ichneumon or Pharoeſ Bonaſſuſ. 53 The Sheapheardſ Dog, 172 Mouſe, 449 Buffe. 56 The Maſtine or Bandog. 173 i» . Bugle. 57 The ButcherſDog. 174 LamiaorPhayrye. 452 Aflnca'x Bugill. 59 — Curſ of allſortſ. 177 Lyon, 454 Bull. 61 E; Linx, 438 Oxe. 67 Eale. 190 M, Cow. 71 Elephant. 190 Martenor Marder, 495 Calfe. 88 Elke. ari Mole; 498 C. E. Mice, Cacuſ. or Ferret. 217 Vulgar Mouſe; 40% W % Rat : tt at a ſ t a ſ o o ——» The Table. 660 600 631 638 640 642% S55 657 659 Vulgar Swyne WildeBoare 5 Tatuſ Tiger Vnicorne Vre—Oxe ' ' Libian Vre—Oxe Indian Vre—Oxe wW Weaſell Wolfe' Sea Wolfe Zebellor Sabalil Zibetor Cinetcat e Another AlphabeticallT able diretting the Reader to the Rar. 519 Ounce, Weater Raſ. 520 Orynx. AlpineMonſe. 521 The Otter. Dotrmouſe, 526 * Hamſter Mouſe, 529 Panther, Norician Mouſe. 533 Pocphageſ. Pontique Mouſe, 532 Porcupine. Elying Mouſe, 533 Reineror Ranger Shrewor Erd Shrew 534 Rbinocerot Wilde field Mouſe, 542 ſ Woed Mouſe, — 544 Su,and Subuſ. Haſell Mouſe. 545 ArabianShcepe Laſcett Mouſe, 544 Ramme Sorex, 545 Weather Sheepe Indian Mouſe, 543 Lambe & Muſke catſ 55% Muſimon Mule, 556 Strepliceroſ N. Squirrell Neadeſ, & 567 / Getulian Squirrell ſtory of cuery Beaſt. A. Cat. A Ffrican Bugill. 59 Cow. — Alborach, 32 Coluſ. AlpineMouſe. 52% Cony. Antalope. 3 CrucigeranFoxe. Apc vulgar. 2 Crocuta, Arabyan Shcepe 600 Curſ of allſortſ;} Afle. 20 3 Axiſ 32 Dabuhor Papio, B. . Deere—Goateſ. Baboun. , 10 Dicyeſ: Badger, Brocke,or Gray. 33 Doggeſ. Beare. 55 Dormouſe Bearcape. 19 Beauce. 44 Eale. BeK. 29 Elephant. Biſon. $9 Elke. Blond—Hound. 150 5, Bonaſſuſ, 53 FallowDecere Buffe. 55 Eerret. Bugle. . 57 Fieldmouſe Bull. 6t Fiſher dog. Burdoneſ, 29 Fitchor Pool—cat. ButcherſDog. 174 Elyeng Mouſe C. Foxe. Cacuſ. or Foxc—ape. Calfe. 88 C Callitriche. 8 Gaſehound. Camelſ. Gennet Kat. Camelopardall, 107 Geldingſ. Campe. 102 Greyhound. Caſſ?""*% Horſeſ. 324 . Ginnuſ. 102 71 108 1o09 232 440 177 439 I43 136 137 526 19o 190 211 TI3Z 217 542 171 219 533 220 19 167 228 324 B Goateſ vulgar. Gorgon. Gulon. Hare. Harier., Hart and Hinde. Hamſter mouſe Haſellmouſe, Hedghog. Hinnuſ. Hippelaphuſ, Horſe vulgar, Hound. Hunting Horſeſ, Hyzena vulgar, Ibex, Ichneumon Innuſ. Indian Aſſe, Indian Pig— cony., Indian mouſe, Indian Vre—Oxe Kidde Lambe Lamiaor Phayrye, Laſcet Mouſe The Leymmer, Lyon, I, & 725 734 746 755 759 230 162 161 164 165 12% 529 547 177 236 28% 149 321 436 445 449 29 3% I12 548 724 147 641 452 546 168 454 Lynx Linx. Lybian Vre—Oxe. + Mungrelſ. Mambrine Goatſ. Mantichora, Marrenor Marder, Martine Apc. Mareſ ſee Stallionſ Manauſ & Maonuluſ. Maſtine dog. Melitzan Dogſ. Mimickor Getulian Dog Dvi()ſſn(!. Monſter. ſ Mouſe Velgar, Mule * Munkey. Muſk—cat. Muſmon N Neadeſ. Noruegian mouſe Norvegian Ape 0 Oryx. Otter Ounce i P Packe Horſeſ. 433 724 I54 235 441 425, 29 173 161 A51 IS 503 5 56 6 55' 567 532 16 570 573 568 T heT able. Pan Apc. Panther Poephaguſ Pontique Mouſc. Pocuſpine Ramme. Rat. Reyneror Reaxnger Rbinoceroſ Roe Bucke, Running or race Horſeſ. S "Ape Sagoin. Satyre Ape. Sphinx. Scythian Aſſeſ. Scotian Bugle, SeaHorſe, Sea Wolfe Setter Dog. Sheapheardſ Dog. Shrew mouſe Sheepe Sorex Spannicel. Squirrelſ Stallionſand Mareſ. Strepſiceroſ, Swyne. 16 575 587 53% 885 631 513 612 595 114 523 18 13 17 31 52 328 759 169 173 534 598 545 657 655 . 562 J Tartarine, Tatuſ. Terriar, | Tyger. Theeuiſh Dog. Tumbler. V. Vnicorme VreOxe. W Waterſpanniel, Water rat — Weaſell wildeBore Wildecat, Wilde Goat. Wilde Horſe. wildemice wilde field—mice Woodmouſe VVolfe 7, Zebellor Sable Zibet or Cinet Kat. FEINI S. 12 705% 165 707 169 168 170 735 694 107 144 3*%5 544 54% 345 734 ſſſi\\_' 2x) Willf —— am em W 5 4/, 50 39 WZ I8 AS50 = TH E . HISTORIE OF FOVRE FOOTED BEASTES. THE ANTALOPE. — t C alidud ge o ,':Q.ſiſſ\\\ Sey \ 1 4 N NNSSS t \E\\ſi\ qqS HE Antalope called in Latine Calopſ#; 2fid ofthe Greecianſ » eAnalopoſ or Aptoloſ: ofthiſ Beaſt there iſ nomention made / t | anong the auncient Wiriterſ, except Suideſ and the Epi— P4 | e of Alexander to Ariſtotle, interpreted by Corneliuſ Ne— CP/_| potiuſ. They are bred in Jndia and Syria, neere theRiver CO#!*) of /\\ Euphrateſ, and delight much to drinke of the colde water } thereof : Their bodie iſ like the body of a Ree , and they — 7— &lp Munkey. < — ſ The gameſ of great Pompey firſt of all brought theſe Marzimeſ to theſightof theRo— | mainſ Pluy. The firſt knowledg of Magtinſ. Their coun— . try of breed. Strabo. Theiranateo— Scaliger. Their color, eXlianuſ, C#. *Their diſpo— fition. the name, Pliny. C:gnucy of breed. their parteſ and coulor. Albertuſ. Eraſinm. T he Hiſtoryof foure—footed Beaſteſ. maineſ, and afterward Rome ſaw nomore, they are the ſ;mcuwhxch are br(ſſ)ju%hy ofuc of —£thiopiay and the fartheſt Arabia, their feet andkneeſ being like a manſ, and t E_ſſ dOYC P feet like handſ, their inward partſ like a manſ, ſo that ſome haue c_ioubtedwha:t_ 1£ e 0 creature thiſ ſnould be, which iſ in part a man, and yet a Four.e-footc_d beaſt ſſl:l auing afacelike a Lyon, and ſome part ofthe body like a Panthcr,.b_cmg aſ b1g aſ a wil efgfatc orRoe—bucke, or aſ one of the dogſ of Evithrea, andalongtaile, the wþlch ſuch of t 1eſm aſ haue taſted fleſh willeat fromtheir owne bodieſ. Concerning their coulor, howlo— euer they are not allalike, for ſome are blacke with white ſpotſ, hauing a greater v;)ſſyzc. then otherſ, ſome yellow, ſome Lyon—tauny,ſome golden yellow, and ſome colF-bſac | yet for the moſt part, the headand backe partſ to the taile, are of a fiery color, with lc_)inc 16 golden hairaſperſed among the reſidue, a white ſnowt, and certain golden ſtrakeſ dl E a collargoing about the necke, the inferior partſ of the necke downe to the breſt ?_nſſ the forefectare white, their two dugſ aſ big aſ amanſ hand can gripe, are pf ablewiſn cz_u— lor, and their belly white, their hinder legſ blacke, and the ſhape of their ſnowt hkc:.l aA 9— nocephale, which may be the difference betwixt e liazuſ and Szrabo,their chuſis,( and Ari— ſtorleſ Gebmſ, for naturemany timeſ bringeth forth like beaſtſ which are nor of the ſame kind. InEngland there waſ a Martine thathad hiſ backeandſideſ of a green coulor, ha— uing heere and their white haire, the belly chin and beard(which was_roqnd J wþxte,thc face and ſhinſ blacke, and the noſe white, being of the leſſer kind, for in bigneſ it excec— ded not a coney. Some of them in eZ3//@pia haue a face like a Satyre, and other mem— 20 berſ, in partreſembling a Beare, and in part aDog,ſoare the Pruaſian Apeſ. Thiſ Mar— tine did the Sabilowianſ, inbabiting neere Mewpbiſ, for the ſtrangeneſ, the coulor, and ſhape thereof, worſhip for a God. They are of cuilldiſpoſition like Apeſ, andtherefore we will ſpare both their piureſ and further deſcription, finding very little of them in Hiſtorieſ worth commemoration. & The Ape C ALITRIC H. & HE (Calirrich ſo cal— led by reaſon ' of hiſ termed in Engliſh a bear— ded Ape, willlineno other where then in Ethiopia and India, which are caſie to rake, but verye harde to bring away alive into theſe countryeſ. They differ in # appearance from all other Apeſ, hauing a long beard \\d ' bunt with dartſ, and being . . +_ "tamed, they areſo apteto . playe, that a man woulde a thinkthey were created for no other purpoſe, where— uppon the Grzecianſ vſe in provuerbe, an ape hauinge , \ V \ A\ \ V 5 \ \\S\\\\\\ S ( W\\\\\\\\\,, /\ffl d'lſi:_cndc,' þcinginlndizfall | \\ ſ] ſh\\\ / white, which the Tndianſ \\i— Y& \V7_ \ fooliſhieſting man. bearde, and may bec 30 and alarge raile, hairye at 49 a beard,for a ridiculouſ and $* of the Praſyan Apeſ, 9 I Egaſtheneſ(ſaith—Z— liamuſ and Strabo) "writeth of Apeſ in ._., . vhiwlſ Th — Praſia aRegionin ZNXD /4, b;ſiſilſiſſcſſ,eſim which are noe leſſe than greatrDoggeſ, and fiue cu— bitſ high,bauing hayre like _\-\"' aman comming foorth of It their forhead,and beardeſ, re A\\\\W being altogither white ex— / NN cept their tayleſ, which are RS\ two cubitſ and a halfe long {N oa b very like a Lyonſ : and vn— E YS S fC \ to a ſimple man it myght {W{NNVS NNESS \ Sinblſ: {I _ſeeme , that their tufteſ of Rq 3 hayre wereartificially trim— 'ſ'\ {\S med, though it grow natu— [Gq— rally. Their beard iſ much Nqq I: a like vnto a Satyreſ, and al— 46 _ \* K( o though their body be whit, ( Ty yet iſ their head and typ of their tayle yellowe, ſo that the Martineſ before menti— oned,ſeeme to be affianced — vato theſe. Theſe Praſjan ſſfſiict"m . he ſ & Place of their apeſ line in Mountaineſ & abod., Woodeſ, and yet arethey em 00 not wilde, but ſo tame that oftentimeſ in great multitudeſ they come downe to the Gateſ and ſuburbſ of Latagiſ, $.0 where the King commandeth them daily ſoddenRice for their food, which they eat, & Their food: being filled returne againe to their home and vſuallplaceſ of harbout in greatmodera— tion, doing no harme to any thing. Peter Martyr telleth thiſ ſtory of one of theſe, that he being like to a great Munkey,but hauing alonger taile, by rowling ougr and ouer three or foure timeſ togither takethſuch ſtrength, that he leapethfrombough to bough, &treetotree, aſ if he flew. An archer of that Sea—voyage hurt one of them with an arrowe, the wounded Beaſt preſently leapethto the ground andſettethvpon the archer, aſ fiercely aſ a mad Dogge ; hedrew hiſ ſworde and ſtrucke off one of hiſ armeſ, and ſo at laſt with much ado tooke the maimed beaſt, who being brought to the Nauy,and acuſtomed totheſociety of men, began by little and little to waxe tame. + WWhile he waſ inthe ſhip bound with chaineſ other of the company hauing been on land to fo— rage,brought out of the Mariſheſ a Bore, which 50 Bore waſ ſhewed to the Munkey; at the firſtſight either of other they ſet vp their briſtleſ, the rage ing Munkey leapeth vpon the Bore,and winding hiſ taile round about the Boare, with the one arme he had left, caught ſuch faſte holde by hiſ throte, that atlength he ſtifled him. t he f \l | Sr, ft dire> hib.4., Oceana Decad.3, 0 4 Pet.Martyr. The hatred of theſe apeſ» 'There 10 The Hiſtory of foure—footed Beaſteſ. There iſ another kind of Munkey, for ſtature, bigneſſe _and ſhape like a ſ'm;]n {) _for by hiſknceſ, ſecret partſ, and face, you would iudge tum a wilde man ſuch aſ inhabit X#— midia and the Laponeſ for he iſ altogither ouergrowne withhayreſ no creature except 2 Hiſloae: . man can ſtand ſolong aſ he,he loueth women and children dearly, like other ofhiſ own kind, and iſ ſo veneriouſ, that he willattempt to rauiſh women, whol_'c Image iſ in the former Page deſcribed, aſ it waſ takenforthofthe booke of the deſcriptionof theholy Land. | < THE CYNOCEPHALE OR Babm. | re \ \ I. ) \ //\ct oa ( yy \W.— N 35 5 Ynocephaleſ, axe akinde of Apeſ whoſe headſ arelike Doggeſ, and their other partſ like a manſ 5; wherefore Gaz4 tranſlateth then C4— J nicipiteſ, that iſ : Dog—headſ. Inthe French, Germain, and Illyrian >. tongueſ, they are called of ſome B34b/Þp, and in Italian, Babuive ſig— J nifieth a ſmallkinde of Ape : but Ariſforleſaith, that a Comocephale iſ & biggerthen an Ape— In Engliſh they are called Baboonſ. 4 AS % There are many kindſ of Baboonſ, whereof ſome are much given to fiſhing, ſo that they will tarry a whole day in the deepe hunting for fiſh, and atlength 46 :;[?;,;Io;; come forth with a great multitude. Againe,there are ſome thatabhorrefiſhe, (aſ Ormſ *"* ſich J which kind the 2g7p/iamſEmblematically vſe to paint, when they will diſcipher a The induſtry Sactifice. Somethere arewhich are ableto write, and naturally to diſcerneLetterſ 3 ef Babounſ: whichkinde the olde Egyptian Prieſteſ bring into their Templeſ, and at their firſt en— trance, the Prieſt bringeth him a writing Table, a penſill and Inke, that ſo by ſeeing him write, he may make triallwhether he be of the right kind, and the beaſt quickly ſheweth Ariſtotle, Pluy, Deſcription, & ) Arreantſ, Orm. hiſ Skill : wherefore in auncient time they were dedicated to Aercy7y, the faigned God of learning. afecret in The reaſon why the Egyptianſ doe nouriſh them amongſttheir hallowed thingeſ iſ, their Naxre. that by them they may know the time of the coniunGtion betwixt the Sunne and Moon; go becauſe the natureof thiſ beaſt iſ, to haue a kind of feeling of that coniunGtion,for after that theſe two ſigneſ meet,the Male—Zaboow neither will looke vp or eat, but caſthiſ eieſ to the ground, aſ it were lamenting the rauiſnment of the Moone with diſdainefull paſ— fion : In like maner the female, who morcoucr at that time, ſendeth foorth bloud out of her wombe of conception, whereupon the Egyptianſ fignifie by a zabeon the Moone — the riſing of the Moon by hiſ ſtanding vpright, holding hiſ handſ vp toward hcaucn,&z wea— of the Baboun. <_= 11 mearing a Crowne on hiſ head, becauſe with ſuch geſtareſ doth that beaſt congratulare her firſtappearance. Another cauſe why they bringthem intothcir Templeſ, iſ becauſe of the holyneſſe ofcircumciſion,for it iſ moſttrueſ though ſtrange) that they are brought forth circum.— Ciſſ'ctſi'{'ctſigſi ciſed, at the leaſtwiſe in fome appearance ; wherevnto the Prieſtſ give great heedtoac— ZZ.::: . compliſh and finiſh the worke begun. The Egyptianſ alſo paint a Saboorſitting, toſig— Oraſ. nifie the EqumocFium, for in euery Equinodtinm they barke or howle tweluetimeſ in one & day, and ſo many timeſ make water ; wherefore the Egyprianſ alſo vpon theyr Aydrolo— fi?ſi.*fſſ"ſiſſ' ieſ or Conduitſ did graue a Baboew, out of whoſe yard or priuy part yſſued forth water, " 1x6 and they alſo report, that thiſ Beaſt ſo nouriſhed among their holy thingeſ, diech not at once like other Beaſtſ, but enery day one part by theſpace of 7 2. dayeſ (the ocher partſ remaining in perfection of nature)which the Prieſtſ take and put in the earth day by day, A Wonder till all periſh and be conſumed. The Weſt region of Zyb/aand Ethyopia haue great ſtore of Cypocephalſ, Baboonſ, and Acephalſ, beaſtſ without ahead, whole eieſ and mouth are in their Breaſtſ: In lyke fort FTerodoruſ. in Arabia,from Dira ſouthward in a promontorie, there are many Baboorſ, and in the Countrey of } continent called Dachrmabideſ beyond Barygaza,andthe eaſtern mountaineſ of the Me— Z:*L;Za diterranean region , and thoſe which Apollowiwſdaw betwixt the riverſ Gargeſ and Dpha— © 47».on;», Siſ— ſeeme to be of thiſ ſort, in that he deſcribeththem to be blacke haird, Dog—taced, and fo like little men : wherewithal—%£/@2zm ſeemeth to be deceined ;, in ſaying, that there are men CZpoproſopoi, Dog—faced, whereaſ it iſ the error of vulgarpeople, tothinke that Babounſ are men , differing onely in theface or viſage. | Concerning their memberſ or partſ in ſeucral, they are black and hairy,rough ſkinned, Thſſf rey red and bright eyeſ, along Doggeſ face, and teeth ſtronger and longer then Doggeſ: Zvzct,fſi;b theface of a Lyon muſtnor be attributed to thiſ beaſt, nor yet a Satyreſ, though it bee morelike. It—hath a grim and fearefullface, and the female hath naturally her wombe caſt out ofher body, and{oſhe bearethit about alther lifelong : their voyce iſ a ſhrill whizing, for they cannotſpeake,& yet they vnderſtanid the Zndmz»language,vnder their Their voyce. beard they haue a chin growing like a Serpentſ, and bearding about the lipſ like a Dra— ***" 5 0 gonſtheir handſ arearmed with moſt ſtronge naileſ, and ſnarpe, they. are very ſwift of foot, and hardto betaken, wherefore they will run to the waterſ when they are hunted, being not ignorant that among waterſ they are moſt hardly taken, they are very fierce and active in leaping,biting deep and eagerly where they lay hold, neither dothey euer groweſotame, but that they remaine furiouſ alſo. They loue and nouriſhſheepe and Goateſ, and drink their milk, they know how to take the kernelſ,out of Almondſ,Wal— Thei toue nutſ and Nutſ, aſ wel aſ men, finding the meat within, though the ſhel be vnproficable: and food they will alſo drinke wine and eat fleth,ſod, roſted, or deliciouſly drefſed, and theywill_ . __ cat Veniſon, which they by reaſon of thecir ſwittneſ take eaſily, and hauing taken it teare Il:;'fv:ſiſi'f" it in peeceſ and roſt it inthe Sun, they can ſwim ſafely ouer any waterſ, and therefore a— raing. 40 mong the Zg/pr/iaſſ they ſignific ſwimming. \ They are cuillmannered and natwured, wherfore they are alſo piCurd to fignifie wrath, ſiſifſſhir*zſi:l';f: they areſo vnapeſable. The Latinſ vſe them adiedtively to ſignifie any angry, ſtubborn, *** * froward ,, or rauening man: They will imitateallhumaine actionſ ,louing wonderfully to Their loue a . — — I of garmentſ, weare garmentſ, and of their owne accord they cloth themſelueſ in the ſkinneſ of wilde ©*** , beaſtſ they hauekilled, they are aſ luſtfull and venereouſ aſ goatſ, attempting to defile all ſortſ of women, and yet they loue little children, and their femaleſ will ſuffer them to ſucke their breſtſ if they beheld to them ,and ſome ſay they willſucke womenſ breftſ like little children. There waſ ſuch a beaſt brought to the Frenchking, hiſ heade being like a Dogſ, and hiſ other partſ like a manſ, hauing legſ, bandſ and Armeſ naked like a ! go Manſ, and a white necke, he did eateſodde fleſh ſo mannerly and modeſtly, taking hiſ #Hiſtory. meat in hiſ handeſ, and purting it to hiſ mouth, that any man woulde thinke he had vn— lſſ'e_l;ſif: potuyt derſtood humain conditionſ : he ſtood vprightlike a man, and ſate downe like a man. He * diſcerned men and women aſtnder, and aboue allloued the companie of women, and young maidenſ, hiſ genitall member waſ greater thenmight march the quantitieof hiſ other partſ : he being moued to wrath, wouldrage and ſet vpon men, but being pacifi— ed,bchaned himſelfe aſ mcekly and gently aſ a man,and waſ oucrcome with fair _ſivords: ſhewing Orum. T he Hiſtory of foure—footed Beaſteſ. ſhewing himſelfewell pleaſed with thoſe that ſport with him. The Nyamdeſ, people of ©Ethyopia,andthenationſ of Menitimori live vpon themilke ofcynocephalſ.keeping great heardſ of them,& killing all the maleſ, exceptſomefew preſerued for procreation. _ A TARTARINE » Her waſ at Payiſ another beaſt called a Tazzazize, and inſome laceſ a Muget, (muchlyke a ThedBi, Bnboug, aſ appcarſicgth by hiſ naZural] circumciſion) beeing aſ great aſ a Grey—hound, & walked for the moſkt parton twolegſ, being clothed with aſouldierſ coat, and a ſwordgirded to hiſ ſide , ſo that the moſt parte thought him to be ſome Monſter— little—man , for being commaunded to hiſ kennell, he would goand tarry there all night , and inthe day time walke abroade to beſeene of euery 26 man : It waſ doubtfull whether hee — ſſſſſiſiſiſſſiſil"ſ oue: )\ were of the AMwunkey kind, or the B4— S Nuc f (f ſ 4 } 1 Z boon,hiſ voice waſ likethe ſqueeking WW at of a Mouſe, but hiſ aſped& and coun— ——— AM\\ fa tenance waſ fierce., truculent , and F— \_ 2 ' . fearefull, aſ hiſ image iſ heere diſci— >— w.' — . phered. . . ,, ;35. wey 30 I ]')ſſ THE*"SATYRE: Sthe Comocephall or Baboun—Apeſ hauegiuen occaſion to ſome to imagine (though falſly) therewere ſuch men, ſo the Satyreſ a moſt rare and ſeldome ſeene Beaſt, hath oc— caſtoned other to thinke it waſ a Deuill; and the Poetſ with 46 their Apeſ, the Painterſ, Limmerſ, and Caruerſ, to en— i creaſe that ſuperſtirion,haue therefore deſcribed him with horneſ on hiſ head, and feetelike Goatſ, whereaſ Satyreſ haue nFithcr of both. And it may bethatDeuilſ haue at ſome time appeared to men in thiſ likeneſ, aſ they have mie done in the likeneſ of the Orucenraure and wilde Aſſe, and otherſnapeſ, itbeing alſo probable, that Devilſ take not any denomination or ſi\a & from Satyreſ, but rather the Apeſ themſelueſ from Deuilſ whome they reſemble flc))r thereare many thingſ common to the Satyre—apeſ and deviliſh Satyreſ, aſ their hu:nan ſhape, their abode in ſolitary placeſ, their rough—hayre, and luſtto wom>cn wherewith allother Apeſ are naturally infeGed : but eſpecially Satyreſ. Wherefore the :;.unc'lt 1 5 Graecianſ coniecturetheir name to be deriued aſ it were of Statheſ, ſignifying th ſſcll] i —. 3 or virilemember : and it iſ certaine that the devilſ haue exerciſed tIhcgir ryxſtgſi lor yTrſtc Their name. or rather their imagination of luſt vpon mankind, whereof commeth thP d'ſtlglm{s I ot Fanm,thatſomeare Incibidefilerſ of Women, and ſome Suecubi d filat ESe 0L aduenture thename of Satyre iſ more fitly derivued fi h Fv 'Cdby' oſ, y y derivued from the hebrew Sair.E/a.34 mhere— o, Superſtitiouſ f errour of $a— C— tyreſ, ' of the Satyre, of the plurall iſ /e//w, E/ſſ.1 3 which iſ interpreted monſterſ of the Deſart, or rough hairy Fawneſ 5and when 1/5 iſ put to /e/, it fignifieth Goatſ: , t The Chaldeanſ for ſeirim, vender ſehedin5 that iſ , cuill deuilſ : and the Arabianſ leſceja— thin,that iſ ſatamaſ : the Perſyanſ Dewan,the Illyryanſ Dewadai and Dewaſ : the Germanſ Teufel. They which paſſed through the world and exerciſed dauncing and other ſportſ for leſiſifi?ſi'ct: were called Sagyreſ, and ſometimeſ T##;, becauſe of their wanton ſongeſſ; ſometimeſ S#e@%(although the difference iſ,: that the ſmaller and younger beaſtſ . re arecalled Sa###, the elder and greater Silexi : / Alſo Bacche and Nymphe,whetre— fore Berchuſ iſ pictured ri— ding in a chariot of Vine— brancheſ , Siez= ridinge beſide him on an Afſe, and the Bacche or Satyreſ ſha— king togither their ſtaulkie Jauclineſ and Paulmerſ.By : *0 reaſon of theirleaping they are caled Se/#7, and the an— ticke or ſatyricall dauncing . ficinniſ, and they alſo fom— timeſ ſ/cinniſte; ſomtimeſ AXgipane : wherefore Pliny reporteth, that among the weſterne Ethiopianſ , there are certaine little hilleſ full ofthe Saririque Agipane, 30 and that in the night time they vſe great fireſ, piping <— and danſing, with a wonder = full noiſe of Tymbrelſ and cymbalſ : and ſo alſo in A#— laſ amongeſt the Mooreſ, whereofthere waſ no footing, remnant, or appearance to be fourid in the day time. The Sutyreſ are in the Iſlandſ Sarirde,which are three in number,ſtanding right ouer againſt Jadia on the farther ſide of Gangeſ ; of which Exphemauſ C ar rehearſeth thiſ hiſto— ry : that when he ſayled into Jraly, by the rage of winde and euiliweather they were dri— 40 uen to a coaſt vnnauigable, where were many deſart Iſlandeſ inbabited of wildemen, and the Marrinerſ refuſed to land vpon ſome Iſlandſ, having heretofore had triallof the inhumaine and vnciuill bebauiour of the inhabitantſ ; ſo that thieey brought vſ to the /a— tirian Iſlandſ, where we ſaw the inhabitantſ red, and had tayleſ foyned to their back not muchleſſethen horſſeſ. Theſe, being perceined by the Marrin erſ to run to the ſhippeſ and lay hold on the women that were inthem, the ſhip—men for feare, tooke one of the Barbarian women and ſet her on the land among them, whom in moſt odiouſ and filthy maner they abuſed, not onely in that part thatnature hath ord ained, but qouerthe whole body moſt libidinouſly , whereby they found them to bevery loruitbeaſtſ. Thereare alſo Satweſ in the Eaſtern mountaineſ of Jwd/a, ini the country of the Car#a— 5go duli, and in the prouince of the Comarzand corude, but the Cebiſpoken of betore bred in Ethiopia, are not Satyreſ (thoughfaced like them : ) nor the P raſyan Apeſ, which reſem— ble Satyreſ in ſhort beardſ. Thereare many kindeſ of the ſe Saryreſ better diſtingui— ſhed by nameſ then any propertieſ naturall known vnto vſ. SSuch are the e £gipaze befor declared, Myypheſ of the Poctſ, Fammeſ, pin & ſileni, which in time of the Gentileſ were worſhippedfor godſ> and ir waſ one part of their religion , to ſetvp the picture of a Sa— tyre at their doreſ and gateſ, for a remedy againſt the bewitching of enniouſ perfſonſ; & C the o a » e THE—KIGVRE OF ANOTHER M 0 N_ST E R. U/AX ry of Saryreſ. There waſ (ſaide he) in the territory of the Biſhop of Salceburgh, in a forreſt called Fammeſbergh, a cer— 90 . . An HE famouſ learned man George Fabricitſ, ſhewed me thiſ mo ſnape of a monſtrouſ beaſt that iſ fit to be' royned to the ſto— a S2t)"<+ other nſterlike /'; $V |\ raine foure—footed beaſt, of a yellowiſh—carnaion coloury . 1 » and #4,\ but ſo wilde that he wouldneuer be drawne tolooke Vppon nature, any man, hiding himſelfe in the darkeſt placeſ, and becing )|| watched diligently, would not be proucked to come forth fo much aſ to eate hiſ meate, ſo that in a very ſhort time it I waſ famiſhed. The hincer legſ were much vnlike the for— mer, and alſo much longer» It waſ taken about the year of the Lord; one thouſand; five C 3 hitin<. 16 Het?. Boct, Monſterſ lik Men Hatred to mankind The great ſtrength of theſe beaſtſ. Diverſ ſhapſ of apeſ. "The deſcrip= tion of Par. Aicephoruſ (Caliſthinſ T he Hiſtory of , foure—footed Beaſteſ. hundredthirty, whoſe image being hereſo liuely deſcribed, may ſaue ſ further labour _in diſcourſing of hiſ maine and different partſ andproportion. OF THE NORVEGIAN: MO NSTE R S. : t =—> Hen aſ certaine Ambaſſadorſ were ſentfrom Tarxeſ the fourth of t}k]m Iſ Z%;Vg \ name king of Scotland, among whomiwaſ Zweſ Ogillthatfamouſſcho— ; < a ; — aidpini auy ſſ LHS! ler of the Vninerſitic of Abberdoa, they noſooner tooke ſhipping an NW ſi%} }::o;)\ch ſayle,but there ſodainly aroſeſuch a tem peſtuonſ ſtormeſthat A\ 1 | ONMSO3 4 they were very ſtrangely affrighted, to ſee (aſ to them it appc;ucd) certaine wild, monſtlZ)us-mcn,Zunning onthetopſ ofthe mountaineſ. Adf:lc;ward,thcry weretoldby the inhabitantſ that theywere beaſtſ (a_nd not men J which did beare: mor— rall hatred to mankind, although they could notabide Þhc preſence of a manſ cq_untg- natice, yet in darke nightſ, whenthereuerent viſage ofhumaine creatureſ are ?c:iuc.rc 3 they will come downe by troopeſ vpon the villageſ, and excepr the barking of doggeſ drive them backe they breake opendoreſ, and enterhouſeſ , killing and deuouring who ſocuer they find ; for their ſtrength iſ ſo vnreſiſtable and great, that they can pul'lſſvp by the rooteſ a tree of meane ſtature , and tearing the bougheſ from the bodye, with the ſtocke or ſtem thereofthey fight one with another. Which when the Ambaſſad. heard, they cauſed aſure watch to be kept all nig ht, and withallmade exceeding great fireſ,and when the light appeared, they tooke their farwell of thoſe Monſter—breeding—ſhoreſ,ve— coucring with ioy , the courſe which beforethey hadloſtby tempeſt. : & Of the EGOP ITHECYS. — e T Nder the Equinod?i— alltoward the Eaſt & ſouth, thereiſ.a kind of Ape called —Xgopithecm, an Apc like a Goate. For there are Apeſ like Beareſ, called AreZopitheci,& ſome like Lyonſ,called Leoyzope— theci, and fome like Dogſ, ) called Cypocephaliyaſ iſ be— = fore expreſſed; and manye — V muQ other which haue a mixt re— ſ ſ \ Burdoneſ, crc. Here iſ nolanguage beſide the Greeke that haue any wordeſ roexpreſſe theſe beaſtſ, and the Latineſ haue derived theſe termeſfrom them. Theſe are beaſtſ of a ſinall ſize aſ dwarkeſ among men, andtherefore ſeldome ſeene in theſe partſ of the world. They which are called Z;2#7, areconceiued of a horſey8&ca ſhee aſſe, who althogh they take their denomina— tion from the male, yetdo they more reſemblethe female. In ancienttime, the maleſ whichwere conceined of a horſe and a ſhee Aſfe, were called Z»24#/, and likewiſe of an Aſſe and a mare, Mw/,ſoare the young oneſ oflittle goatſ,Deer, Fomolanſ, hareſ, and other like: although ſome take ZJzz2/ for the young hartſ, and the Z»»/ and Hinnulifor the breede of a horſe and an Aſſeſſo that there appeareth two kindſ, and both! V@re. ofthemitranſplantedoutofother: The Ziz7uſ iſ leſſethen the Mw/e]but more ruddie, hauing earſ like a horſe,and a mane ** andtailelike an aſſe, lying in the wombe beſore the foling twelue montheſ like a horſſe, Rreiſ and arebroughtvp like little horſſeſ, whoſe age iſ diſcerned by their teeth, and they are '*****+ ſometimeſ procreated of a horſe and a Myle, and becauſe of their aptneſ to beare,chey p,,,,, are called Burdoneſ,; or elſe of Barduſ by reaſon of their folly and ſlowneſ. Manntand Mannuliarevery little low horſeſ, being very gentle and eaſie to be handled; Porphyrinſ being called alſoamong the C#uilianſ, Burd/. There iſ in Francenot farre from Gr: tionupo— diſ, akind of Mleſ which in the countrey ſpeech are called Zypa7, being bred of an Aſſe and a Bull, and in the Zelwer/an alpeſ beyond C#ria, about the towne Speinga, I haue bin ſinccrcly informed, that there waſ a horſe conceined of a buill and a mare, and thereſore Sealigerſaith, thatſuch a foale iſ called Zrppu/m*, whereof hee reporteth he had ſeene 3© many ,and he himſelfehad two ofthem ,and atthat inſtanthad onely one female,betwixt whoſe eareſ there weretwo bony (buncheſ about the bigneſ of halfe a Wal—nur, giving evident teſtimony by the forchead, thather father or Syre waſ a bull and ſome ſay, that thiſkinde wanttheir vpper teeth : and their vnderchappe doeth in a deformed manner ſtretch foorthit ſelfe beyond the vpper , aſ it iſ in many fiſpeſ, being called of the Gaba— da and Arnerni,Beff : And at thiſ day there iſ in the court of Frace a certaine beaſt which in the former part iſ like an afſe, and in the hinder a ſheepe. In Ferrazia amonge other ſtrangebeaſtſ, they nouriſh dwatuilh Aſſeſ, ofwhom Adarzial/ made a Drſfzchor to thiſ ilievtſ effect, that they are not ſo high aſ a man, when he ſitteth on the ground. uertſ Hiſ tibi de muliſ non eſt metuendaruina : 40 _ _Altiuſ interriſ pene ſedere ſoleſ. For the W2@, and Ginpm, or Hinumſ, they are conceined by a Myle and a Mare, which are very ſmall by reaſon of ſome diſeaſe thedamme that beareth them hath in her belly : theworde 7»% ſignifying a young or newe borne Nephew , and iſ attributed to thiſ kind of beaſtſ, becauſe they never exceed the quantity of young foleſ. Both the Calinſ Rhod: ( ollemellſ Pliny, AMule and the Barde remaine barren and never conceiue, . Albertm. theſeneighe like a horſe, andthat brayech Promptuar like an aſſe A AMw//mor iſ a ſhort f horſe, afſe, or Mule . D3 Oof 303 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OF THE WILDE ASSE. —Wilde Aſſe,called ofthe Latinieſ Orager,of the Hxbreweſ B |i—rod and Ere, and aſ Sebaſtian Munſter afirmcth Mgroa'a and o } Ardazlo the German tongue it may be tearmed E/aWalde— . ſell,and the young oneſ are called Laliſtonſ. Dum tener eft Onager ſolague laliſio matre : Paſtit hot infanſ ſed breue nomen habet . 1 Theſe wilde Aſſeſ are not E/kſ, aſ ſome haue reportedof Elkſ,nor that 9ryx which the auncient writerſ do conſtant— 0 ly affirme toliue in a continuallthirſt, aſ for the moſt part 40 | wilde Aſſeſ do. Oftheſe Aſſeſ are great ſtore in Ph/yg#a, Countrey of Lycaonia, and Affrica, and it iſ ſaice, that the Sarzce king of Thymi@ſ in Affricke) feat vnto breed. Ferdinand king of Napleſ, agoodly great wild Afſe, ſuch an one aſ hath not beneſeenein thiſ part of the world. 2Z i Apolloniuſ affirmeth, that he ſaw wilde afſeſ in great plenty beyond CatadupainEgyptſ ſo are there many in Ca#da, an Iſland neere Creet : In Pey/#ſ, in Aſia, in Madera, ct*fſid Al?a- ſia, Aralua deſert, Mauritania, and Armenia, Calliſtuſ reporteththat thereareſuch wild 16 Affeſ in that region vnder the —LEquinceZialltowardſ the Eaſt and Southſ of wond;rfull #lo ſtature, their Skin (beſide the vſuallmanvet ) being of diverſ colourſ, interlined variably t with white and blacke, andthe Zongſ and ſtrakeſ diſcending from the top of the backe vnto the ſideſ, and there divuided by their winding and turning, make the foldſ appeare of admirable varicty. , \ Theſe Aſſeſ loue the higheſt Mountaineſ and rockeſ, aſ holy ſeripture teacheth,2er. 14, The afſeſ ſtood in the high placeſ and drew in the wind like Dragonſ : which wordſ gaue occaſion to ſoine to imagine, that wilde aſſeſ would quench their thirſt with the winde without water : whereaſ it iſ the maner of all wilde beaſtſ, in extreamity of thirſt;togape wideand greedily draw in the colde refreſhing ayreſ; and they willnot drinke but of pure 3® fountaine water. They linein flockſ and great companieſ togither, but in deſolate pla— ceſ :themaleſ going before the femaleſ , and commonly one male will leade andrule a flocke of femaleſ , being exceeding ſwift, and fearfull, and therfore do they often change their placeſ of abode ; and yet %1( iſ oþſcrucd, that the wilde Affeſ of Zicia neuer goouer Shieiſcore the mountaine that diuideththem from Cappadocia. t faio,. . _ _ They engender among themſelueſ, their femaleſ being much more luſtfullthen the maleſ, and therefore doe the maleſ obſcrue and watchthem withaielouſ eye towarde their owne ſoleſ, eſpecially after they haue conceined;and the female aſ warily avoideth theſight of the male, eſpecially at the time of her foling : for if ſhe bring forth a female, the male receiueth it with alllone, ioy, and welcome 5 but if a male, then dothhe with 40 angry and enuiouſ countenance look vpon it,caking it heauily that another male iſ bred, whichin time may inthe fatherſ place poſſeſte hiſ damme : wherfore in a raging madneſ he falleth vpon the fole , ſecking by al hiſ power to bite off hiſ ſtoneſ : the poor female al— though weakened with paine of deliuery, yet helpeth her young one againſt the fatherſ rage, and like a mother who ſecing her ſonne flain in wat, embraceth hiſ bleeding corpſ» anderyeth out with dolefullvoice, tearing her cheekeſ and bleeding betwixt her breſtſ : fowould you thinke thiſ filly female aſle, to mourne for her fole, now ready to die by the i Syre'ſ ernelty; ſaying, 0 19y huſband why iſ thy aſpeit ſo irefull ? Why are thy eyeſ now become _fo bloody, which enen now were aſ white aſ light? Doeſt thou looke vpon the face of that monſter Meduſa? Which turneth men into ſtoneſ, or doſt thon look vpon ſome new hatched horrible Dra— ge gon, or the whelpe of ſome lyon lately littered ? Whywilt thou geld thiſ our young one which na— . . | tAtartial. 0 #ure hath ginen vnto vſ both by procreation : Owretched beait that I am, which hane conceined am Enkappy fole by the father ſ wickedneſ, 0 my poore, and more vnhappy ſonne, which for a iea— louſ feare art deprined of thy naturall part'ſ, not by the claweſ of Lyenſ ( for that Iwould W## by the vnnatur all and more thew boſtile tecth of thy owne f];tlz 7r (f wouldendure) Theſe Of the Wilde Afſe, 31 Theſewilde Affeſ have good and ſtronge hooſeſ, their ſwiftneſ iſ compared to the winde, and in the time thatthey are bunted, they caſt backward with their heeleſ ſtoneſ with ſuch violence, aſ they pierce the breſtſ of them that proſecute them if they be not 'very wary. They are of a large, broad, tall, and beautifull body ; long eareſ, and a ſiluer colout, (that iſ aſ I geſſe) a bright cloud—colour, for it iſ but vaine to imagine, that an Aſſecan be all white, for then were all the auncientſ deceinued, —which with one voyce affirme, that be hath a blacke liſt on the backe , at either ſide whereof aretwo white lineſ. Their food iſ onely grafſſe and herbeſ ofthc earth, whereby they grow very far, their Atn= hart being the fatceſt part of their body , and they willnot abide any fieſh—eating—beaſte, Af"*** 10 eſpecially the Lyon whom he feareth very much, for all theſe ſtrong beaſtſ devour and Opprantinſ eatthem. Theſe Aſſeſ arevery fit for civillvſeſ, aſ for plowing and ſowing, for being tamed they never grow wilde againe aſ other beaſtſ will, and they ealily grow tame. It iſ obſeruedthat the ſamebeing tamed, iſ moſt tame which before time waſ moſt wilde. They louc figſ and meale aboue all thingſ, wherefore the Arzrezianſ vſe to take a certain blacke fiſh bred in their wacerſ which iſ poyſon, and couering it with meale the wilde aſ— _£/immſ ſeſ come and licke thereof, and ſo are deſtroyed. The beſt of them are generated of a Mare and awild Afſetamed, for they are theſwifteſt in courſe, of hardeſt hoofe, aleane body,but of a generouſ and vntierable ſtomack. Ihe /#@4/am wild Aſſeſ haue one horne in their foreheade, and their body allwhite, but their heade iſ red ; So iſ there another 39 beaſtin Zod/a very like a wilde aſſe, which the inbabitantſ eat (aſ we haue read)about the ſtreightſ of Mage//ana : \WVhen theſe Afſſeſ arehunted with dogſ, they caſt foorth their fime or dung, with the ſauour whereofthe Doggeſ are ſtayed while it iſ hot, and by that ;ſi;ſſ"ſi' meaneſ the beaſt eſcaperh daunger : but the Aſleſ of Maxz#ania are very ſhort winded,:***/* and ſublect to wearineſſe and ſtumbling, for which cauſe they aremore eaſily taken , and the beſt of allare not ſo ſwift aſ a Barbary—horſe 5 beſideſ their nature iſ, when they ſee a man, to ſtand ſtone ſtil, crying, braying, andkicking, till you come at them, and when one iſ ready to takethem,; they take their heeleſ and trun away: The inhabitantſ of A74— bia deſert, by many ginſ and other deceirfulldenuiſeſ takethem, and on horſebacke fol— low them tillthey tyre or can ſtrike them with their dartſ. Their fleſn being hot, docth 30 ſtinke and taſte like an orher Aſſeſ,; but boyledandkept two dayeſ hath a pleaſant taſte ; yet doth itnot breede good blood, becauſe it iſ viſcouſ and harde to be concodted, al— though there be many which eat that, aſ alſo the fleſh of Pantherſ and other ſuchbeaſtſ. Plinyteacheth, that there iſ more vertue in the wilde Aſſeſ milk and boneſ againſt ve— Medicineſ nome and poyſon, then in the tame. Likewiſe, in the heele of an Aſle, iſ a principallre— medy againſt apoſtemationſ and buncheſ in the fleſh, if it be applyed to the inner part ofthe thighe . The gall, draweth out botcheſ and imuſt bee annointed vpon impoſtu— Pliy mate ſcarſ. It iſ vſed alſo in emplaſterſ againſt Saint Aptorieſ fire, the leproſie, and ſwel— ling in the legſ and gutſ. T he fat with oyle of herbe—A77 by annointing theraineſ and the backe,helpeth and eaſeth that paine which waſ ingendred by wind. Theſpleen dryed 46 to pouder and drunke in wine or drinke, iſ good again{t the ſickneſ of theſpleene. The fleſh iſ good againſt the paine in the ridge and hip—boneſ :and Galey affirmeth, thatthe vrine breaketh and diſſolueth the ſtone in the bladder. The aſheſ of the hoofe helpeth thefalling euill, and mingled with oyle, cureth the kingeſ euill, and the looſeneſ of the hayre The marrow eaſeth the gowt, and the dung mixed with the yolke of an Egge and applyed to the fore—head, ſtayeth bleeding : alſo the ſame curleth the hayre if it be min— gled with an Oxeſ gall and dryed : put into wine and drunke,cureth the ſting of a ſcorpi— on : and Zor an Hebrew affirmeth very conſtantly, that if a man looke into an Afſfeſ eye, it preſerueth the ſight, and hindereth the Water thatdeſcendethinto the eye. SP Of the Scythian Afſeſ. {AHec Aſſeſ of Scyrhia haue horneſ wherein it iſ reported that the Stygeam Wa— LC|ter of Arcadia may be contained, although it will eat throughrall other veſſelſ £/Gamſ. be they neuer ſo hard. Sofſpater brought of them to Alexamder the great,who S) admiring the rareneſſe, would not put them to any priuate vſe butſent them to Varre. Aliannſ, Milke, \ 3t The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. to Delpheſ,to be offered to Pithieſ; but that theſecan be properly c_:allcd Afſeſ, no man can defend, although Zerodo#uſ alſo affirme,; thatamong the Affricanſ called Arazonrſ, there be aſſeſ with horneſ. Of the Indian Afſeſ. Lib.4 7 1 T iſ queſtionable whether the Myrpar270r, commontly called 'J\ [2) alſnizlome, the Rhimorereſ, the Oryx, and the ZIndian aſle be all 4!}| one beaſt or diverſ; for the Pricorue and Khimeceroſ haue the ſamethingſ attributed to them in ſtorieſ, and differ in verie= . few reportſ : but for the Aſſeſ of Jndia, both Ariſfotle, Fliny, 10 A| and AXlianmſ , ioyntly agree, that they differ from all other — whole—foored beaſtſ,becauſe they haue one horne in the fore— head, andſoalſo hane the Rh/muceroſ,Monuceroſ, and Orix, but the Jndianſ cal aVnicorm,Cartazone; and the horn ſo highly pri— "zed at thiſ day , iſ thought to be of the Rhinoceroſ, but Alianuſ and Phileſ acknowledge no other Pricorze then the Irdian Aſſe, who in bigneſ equalleth a horſe among the 7#— dianſ,bcing all white an the body , but purple headed or red(aſ ſome ſay ,) blacke cyeſ, but Polaterranuſ ſaith blew, hauing one horne in the fore—head a cubit and a halfe long, whoſevpper part iſ red or bay, the middle blacke, andthe neather part white, wherein he the Kingſ and mighty men of J»d/a vſe to drinke, adorning it for that purpoſe with ſun— ? dry braceletſ, preciouſ ſtoneſ, and workſ of gold, holding for truth that allthoſe which drinke in thoſe horneſ, ſhalbe freed from annoyance of incurable diſcaſeſ, aſ conuulſi—' onſ, the falling euill, and deadly poyſonſ. Theſe wilde—aſſeſ exceed all other , both in ſtature of body, and alſlo ſwiftneſ of foote, for at the firſt, they ſet forch very gently, and afterward ſpeed their iourney with better pace, ſo that it iſ very hard for any to follow them , but impoſſibletooucrgo them. The maleſ take great paineſ in keeping theiryoung oneſ, whom they continually watch and hide in the moſt remote and deſert placeſ they can finde. When they are hunted, they keepe their weake young oneſ behind them, andfight for them very furiouſly, neyther . fearetheytoencounter horſemen. Theyare ſoſtrong, that no beaſt may ſtand before them, for they will receiue the charge of Horſſeſ withſuch violence, that in their en— counter they bite out their ſideſ & tear their gutſ ont of their belly: for which cauſethey are dreadfull to Horſſeſ, who are moſt vawilling to ioyn with them ,for they nener meet but they both periſh. They fight with their beeleſ, but their teeth aremoſt daungerouſ, for what they ap— prehendinchem they bring it cleancaway : and becauſe of thiſ rage, thoſe which areof any yeareſ, can never be tamed: The great king of Jedia doth once enuery yeare appoint all manner of fightſ both of men and Beaſteſ, wherein are wilde Bulſ, rame Ramſ , theſe wild Affeſ with one horne, Ayzeza4eſ and:Elephantſ. To conclude . it iſ but a fable of Fa— laterrantſ, that ſaith, theſe Aſſeſ want a gal, for they haue the bladder of the gal, a poti— 4* on whereof drunke, cureth the falling euill. Of the Alborach and Axiſ. J Here are two other beaſtſ to be added to the end of thiſ ranke, namely, the :| Alborach among the Turkſ, being a faire white beaſt like an Aſſe, whereupon Eeqthe turkiſh prieſteſ blaſphemouſ idolaterſ, perſwade the ſilly pilgrimſ of Me— Se ataa|cha,that Mahomet waſ carried vp to heauen. The Ax7ſ of which Pliny ſpeaketh, iſ a wilde beaſt, hauing a Skinne like the Zippy/w aforeſaid, but ſ; pred ouer with whiter 50 ſpotſ, which iſ bred in Zyd/a. Be/loniwſ affirmeth, that he ſaw two of them in the Caſtle of Cair ,a male and a female, and either ſex wanted horncfi,hauing long tayleſ down to their mid—legſ like deere, and differ very litrle from deere, ſauing in their large white ſpotſ and yellow colour, yeelding a much more cleare ſounding voyce then a deere, and the female thereofiſ ſmaller then the male, Thiſ beaſt iſ by idolat i gheix drunken God Bacchwſ. Decirobodr oa dcdxcatedg;_ Of the Badger. 33 OFTHEBADGER, OTHER VVISE called a Brocke, a Gray, or a Bauſon . 19 20 j He Badger could neuer find a Greeke name, although ſome i through ignoraunce hauefoiſted into a Greeke diGionary /) | Meliſ, whereaſ intruth that iſ hiſ Latine word, Mele or Me— leſ, and ſo called, becauſeaboue all other thingſ, he lonueth hony; and ſome later writerſ call him Taxmſ, Taſſuſ, Taxo, and Alber. Magauſ daxuſ. But wheraſ in the ſcripture ſome tranſlate Te//om, Tahaſ, or Tachaſch , and plurally Techaſcim, Badgerſ, yet iſ not the mater ſo cleare, for there iſ no ſuch beauty in a badgerſ ſkin, aſ to coucr the Arke, or to make princeſ ſhooeſ thereof : therefore ſome H;ebrewſ ſay , that it ſignifieth an Oxe of an exceeding hard ſkinne., Owkelſſ tranſlateth it Sa/gora, that iſ, a beaſt Skinne of diverſ coloutſ,Syprchuſ, and Aquila a iacinG colour, which cannor be; but the Arabianſ Dazaſch, and the Perſianſ A/fhak, yet it may be ratherſaide, that thoſe Skinneſ ſpoken of Exod. 2 5 . Numb. 4.. Exek. 2 6. be of the Linx, or ſome ſuch other ſpot— 49 ted beaſt ; for Tacha/ſch commethneere Thoſ, ſignifying a kind of Wolfe not hurtfull to men, being rough and hairy in winter; but ſmooth in ſummer. The alianſ call a Badger Taſſa, the Rhetianſ, Taſch:the French Tauſſon,Taixin,Taſſon, Teſſon, and ſometime Gri/art, for her colour : ſometimeſ Blare1@, and at Parriſ Bedonoa. ' The Spaniardeſ,Ta/ugo, Texon, the Germanſ Tuchſ, or Daxſ, the Illyrianſ Gezwec=. — Badgerſ are plentiful in Mapleſ, Sicilly, Lucane,,and inthe Alpineand Heluetian coaſtſ, ſo are they alſo in England. In ZLacaze there iſ acertaine wilde beaſt, reſembling both a RETST mſiy ot beare and a Hog, not in quantity, but in forme and proportion of body; which therefore breed. may be fitly called in Greeke Suyare%oſ, for a G7ay, in ſhort legſ, eareſ, and feet , iſ like a Celiſ Curio: beare, but in fatneſ like a ſwine, Therefore it iſ obſerued, that there be two kindſ of thiſ 50 beaſt, one reſembling a Dog in hiſ feet, which iſ cald Can/ze, the other, a hog in hiſ clo— uen hoofe, and iſ cald Swiziſh : alſo,theſe differ in the faſhion of their ſnowt, one reſem— Civernſ — ® + 3 v < werhtie of bling the ſnowt of a Dog» the other of a ſwine, and in their meat, the one eating fleſh and y 4.,. carrionlike a Dogge, the other rootſ andfruitſ like a hog, aſ both kindſ haue bene found in Normandy and other partſ of France and Sicillze. Thiſ beaſt diggeth her a denor caue intheearth and there liueth, never comming forth but for meat and eaſement, which it ma— ay —ign— ut A ſecret in their manner of diggi edibertiſ. "F heir meate (Cirdanti. Her defence -agai'nfi Hun'— derſ & theyr Dogſ. Badg:!caten. Plarina: Medicine made of Bad. Gratinſ Brzſ ouoluſ. Albertuſ. wet £3:4— } au_d 5 40 7 T he Hiſtorie &f Poure—footed Beaſtſ: Wiaket ontoſhiſ den—who they dig their den after they haue entred a.gooctd depthfor anoi— ding thecdrthout ,ong of them falleth on the backe, and the ocher lazccþſi*all theearthon þis belly, and fo taking hiſ binder feec in hiſ mouth,draweth the Belly—Jaden_badger out ot the caue, which difburdenetIt her cariage, and gocthin formotretillallbe finiſthed and emptied. The wily Poxe neuer makech a Denne tor himielfe, but finding a badgerſ caue, in her abſence , layeth hiſ excrement at the hole of the denne, the which when the G747 returneth, if the timell ( aſ the ſauour iſ ſtrong) the totbearethto enter aſ noiſome, and {o leaueth her elaborate houſe to the Fox.:Theſe badgerſ are verieflecpic, elpeciallie in the day time, and ſtimtenocabroad, but in the night, for which cauſe they are called Lacifuge : that iſ 5 Auoyjderſ of the laght. V hey cat honic, and wormeſ, and hornetſ; and ſuch like thingeſ, 10 becauſt they are nor verie ſwit of foor to take other creatureſ— T hey loue Orchardſ, vineſ , and placeſ of fiuitſ allo, and in theautumne they growtherewith verie fat. Nec ſpernenduſ adcpſ dederit, quem beſffia meliſ.' * | C And not to þe dift pſſxſcjſſtox other cureſ :aſ ſo\r cxſiaſiqplc,thecaſing ofthe raine of the raineſ 50 if it be ginen in a gliſtet, and likewiſe the fat of a doggeand'a badger mingled togither, doe looſen contracted ſinneweſ. } |" TR > eaine, Theaſheſ of a badgeriſ fo e it a ab d,Fl d\ſſ; ſourſſui to helpetheblecding of the ſtomacke, and the ſive ſod ſ 'f'lſſ Ef preuenteth daunger by the biting of a mad dogge : and Evanſelſinſ atfitmeth thatiftheblood of a badger be inſtilled i DHAIC Giet b o dget beinſtilled into the horneſ of cattell withſalt, itkeepert the'n from we .@1 29 3— $ V 1 F+ FP iÞ 1 7 tſi 124 H P4 \\ \NSS $S 10 OF THE BEARE e ting, ſaue that the Noble family of creature. i nthe mouth ſic. The braine ſod with oyle eaſeth allacheſ ,tt 1d the ſame dryed and beat t Of the Beare. 5 beofa contrary indgement Shooeſ, it giveth great eaſe vnto it feedeth vpon all venemouſ m t and ſome affirme, that if and of thi the gowt. one weare ſoleſ made of B eateſ which ſ beaſtI can reportn The biting of thiſ beaſti creepe vpon the earth adg 1e ZTaxomſ in Ferraria, tooke thei oother thi heliner taken outof water, , a erſ Ski ſ venemouſ, Ithoug ing r na, wo: mefrom th ellingſ Bomſleſ. nſin their bicauſe h Arnolduſ rththeno— iſ Braſatoluſ, o pouder doth wonderfull y help the helpeth ſw lepro— from the : murrain, at 35 36 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Beare iſ called inthe Hzbrew Dob, and plutally Dubimſ of the Arabianſ Dabbe, of the Chaldeanſ Duba, Aldub and Da+ boube ſ ofthe Graecianſ Are0ſ , ofſome Daſjliz, becauſe of the roughneſ of hiſ baire, of other Beireſ, and Monioſ: ſignifieth a ſolitary Beare. The Latineſ call him />/@, which ſome coniecture to be Paxqram or/mſ5 ſignifieng, that it iſ but begunne to be framed in the dammeſ belly, and prefected after the littering thereof. The Jralianſ callit Orſo, ſo alſo the Spaniardſ ; the French, Ourſ, the " Germanſ Baer, and Beer : the Bohemianſ Nedwed, the Po— lonianſ Valuner : and the atwibuteſ of thiſ beaſt are many among authorſ, both Greeke Epithiteſor and Latine : aſ »£m00/a9 beareſ, armed, filthy, deformed, cruell, dreadfull, fierce, the beare orcedy, Callidenian, Exymanthean, bloody, heauy, night—ranging, lybican, menacing, Numidianſ 0fſean, headlong, ravening rigide andterrible beare ; all which ſerue to ſet forch the nature heereof; aſ thall be afterward in particular diſcourſed. Ofin tini !29 therefore concerning ſeuerallkindſ of beareſ, it iſ obſerued, that there iſ in ge— ofBeareſ nerall two 5 a greater, and aleſſer 3 andtheſeleſſer are more apt to clime treeſ then the Agricolſ other, neither do they euer grow to ſo great a ſtature aſ the other. Beſideſ there are Albertttſ Beareſ which are called Apphibia, becauſe they line both on the land and in the ſea, hun— ting and catching fiſh like an Oz/e7 ot Beawer , and theſe are white coloured. In the Ocean Iſlandſ toward the North;there are bearſ of a great ſtature, flerce and cruell, who with Olan their forefect do breake vp the hardeſtcongealed yſe on the ſea, or other great Waterſ, * and draw out ofthoſe holeſ great aboundance of fiſheſ : and ſo in other frozen ſeaſ are many ſuch like, hauing blackeclaweſ, lining for the moſt partvpon the ſeaſ, except tempeſtuouſ weather drive themm to the land. In the Eaſterne partſ of 2»d; there iſ a beaſt in proportion of body verielike a Beare, yetindued with no other quality of that kind, (bein neither ſo wild, nor ranenouſ, nor ſtrong / and it iſcalled a Formcariap Beare, for God hath ſo prouided, that whereaſ that Of the name % AFoBMZ_m-ſi councr?/ iſ aboundantly annoyed with the Emmetſ or Antſ , that beaſt doth ſo prey: 36 gian Beareſ " Lrerdance and feedevpon them, that by the ſtrength and vertuouſ humour of hiſ tongue, the ſillie Eoorc inhabitantſ areexceedingly relicued from their greeuiouſ and daungerouſ num— erſ. & Beareſ are bred in mary countrieſ, aſ in the Ze/wetian alpine region, where they are ſo Countrcy of ſtrong and full of courage, that they: can teare in pieceſ, both Oxen and Horſſeſ, for breed. which cauſe the inhabitantſ ſtudy by all meanſ totake them. Likewiſe there are Beareſ Ad colloen in Perſia, which doe rauen beyond all meaſure, and allother; ſo alſo the beareſ of Nwav@= #"**44!* 4;1 which are of a more elegant forme and compoſition then thereſidue 3 } Profuit ergo m'Eil yniſero quod ſommuniuſ vr ſoſ : Figebat Numidaſ & Albena nuduſ arena. And wheraſ P/inyaffirmeth, that there are no beareſ in Affrick, he miſtook that country for CFeet, and ſo ſome fay , that in that 3/a»d be no Wolueſ, viperſ, or other ſuch vene— mouſ creatureſ; whereofthe Poetſ give a vaine reaſon, becauſe Zupifer waſ borne there : but, we know alſo, that there be no beareſ bred in England. i . In the countrey of Arabia, from thepromontory Dirato the South, arebeareſ which Volaterranſ live vpon eating of fieſh, being of a yellowiſh colour , which do farreexcelallother bearſ both in activity or ſwiftneſ, and in quantity of body. Among the Roxolamſ and Lituant= anſ , are beareſ , which being tamedare preſentſ for princeſ. Aziſtorle in hiſ wonderſ repor— teth, that there are white beateſ in M///4, which being eagerly hunted ,do ſend forth fuch a 40 ;fi::?;ſi' breath, that purriſieth immediately the fleſh of the Doggeſ, and whatſocuer other beaſt 56 Peareſ. commeth within the fauour thereof, it maketh the fleſh of them notfit to beeaten : but if either men or dogſ approach or come nigh them.,they vomit forth ſuct Plegme, that either the hunterſ are thereby choaked or{lindcd. SH xI Shevikknce of, ThraciaalWoo breedeth white Beareſ, and the King of —£#/jopia in hiſ Hebrew Epi which he wrote to the Biſhop of Rome affirmcth, r%xac there a};c Beareſ in hisri:ufggi 17 30 we— Q 50 Of the Beare. $9 In Myſconiaare Beareſ, both 6fa ſnow white, yellow , and duſky colour, and ithath bene : ſeene thatthe Noble womenſ chariotſ drawne by ſix horſieſ, haue beene coucred with the ſkinneſ of white beareſ, from the paſterne to the head : and aſ all other creatureſ doe . bring forch ſome white, and fomie blacke, ſo alſo do Beareſ , who in generall doe breede and bring forth their young in all cold countrieſ, ſome of a duſky and ſome of a browne blackecolour. "* | t cilr ſ a ABeare iſ of amoſt venereouſ and luſtfuill diſpoſition, for night and day the femaleſ -}.ufi pEheaFe . withmoſt ardert inflamed deſſteſ, doe pronoke the maleſ to copulation;, and for thiſ Vt cauſt arthattimethey are moſtfierce andangry. i 3 o ! Phillppuſ '(."zifferſſi; ofCor ]Zctiii_cq,' did moſt confidently tellmee, that in the Mountaineſ Gilluſ of Sano7, a Beare catticd a youn g thaide into hiſ denne by violence, where in venereouſ ctſſ;lflljſiſi;}- mantier he had the carnall vſe of her body , and while he kept her in hiſ denne, he dailyg. wentfoorth and brought her home the beſt Appleſ and other fruiteſ he coulde get, pre— fenting thein vnito her for her meat in very amotouſ ſort; but alwaieſ when hee went to forrage, Heeronled a huge greatſtone vppon themouth ot hiſ denne, that the Virgin thoulde hor eſcape away : at length het parenteſ with long ſearch,: founde their litle, Daughter inthe Beareſ den, who deliuered her from that ſinage and beaſtuall captinity;; "Thetime oftheircopulition iſ in the beginning ofwinter, althoghſomerime in Sum— met, (But ſuch young oneſ ſeldome live) yet moſt commonly in February or Ianuary, Themanner of their copulation iſ like to a manſ, the male mouing himſelfe vpon the. belly of the female, whichlycthon the earth flat vpon the backe, and either embraceth otherwith their forefeet : they remaine yerie lon g time in that adt, inafmuch aſ if they were veric fat at their firſt entrance,they diſtoine not themlelueſ againe vill they he made leane. : + * Inmmediarely after they hatie conceined, they betake themſelueſ to their denneſ, where Plmy. .. they ( without meate ) grow very fat / elþecially the maleſ ) onely by ſuckingtheir fore—., feet . 'When they enter into their denne, they conuey themſelueſ in backward, that to *"** they may put out their footſtepſ from the ſight of the hunterſ. The maleſ give great ho= Honer o the nor to the femaleſ great with young, during the time oftheir ſecrecie, ſo that, although female: they lie togither inone cane, yet doe they part it by a diuiſion or ſmall ditch in the midſt,,; . neither of them touching the other. The nature of all of them iſ, to auoid cold, and ther— fore in the winter tiine do they hide themſelueſ, chuſing rather to ſutfer famine then cold; : ?**'** lying for the moſt part three or foure monethſ togither and neuer ſee the light, whereby. :Zfflmg &f their gutſ grow ſo empty, that they are almoſt cloſed vp and ſticke togither: . .." ,, . When they firſt enter into their denne,they betake themſelueſ to quietand reſt,ſleeping: withoit any awakingfor the firſt fourteene daieſ, ſo that ittſ thoughtan eaſie ſtroke can— notawake them. But how long the femialeſ go with young iſ not certaine ſomeaffirm 3, Timeofbeaſ— monethſ, otherſ but 30. daieſ, which iſ more probable, for wild beaſtſ doe not couple ?" : ©)9"8 themſelueſ being withyoung (except a Hare and a Linx ) aad the beareſ being (aſ iſ al— ready faid )verie luſtull, to the intent that they may no longer want the company of their maleſ, do violently caſt their whelpſ and ſo preſently after delinery , doafter the maner of conitſ betake themſelueſ to their luſt, & noriſhing their yong oneſ both togither:& thiſ iſ certainle, that they neuer come out of their caueſ , till their young oneſ be thirtie daieſ 6ld at the leaſt, and P/i»y preciſely affirmeth , that they litter the thirtith daie after their conception; and for thiſ cauſe, a beare bringeth forch the leaſt whelpeofall other great The bigicſe beaſteſ, fortheir whelpeſ atthcir firſtlitteringare no bigger then ratſ, norlonger then wl*:u;:ſ $ oneſ finger. And whereaſ it hath beene belecued and receiued , that the whelpeſ of bearſ at their firſt Jittering are without all formeand faſhion, and nothing but a little congealed blood like a Iumpe of fleſh , which afterwarde the old one frameth with hertongue to. her owne likeneſ , aſ Pliny, Solinuſ, Alianuſ, Oruſ, Oppianuſ , and Ouid hauereported, yetiſ — the truth moſt cuidently otherwiſe, aſ by the eye witneſ of Toachimmſ Rhetichuſ,and other, pearaſ het ſo iſ diſproned: onlicit iſ litterd blind without cieſ, naked without haire, and the hinder legſ lome haucie= not perfe&, the forefeet folded vp like a filt, and other memberſ deformed by reaſon of ported the imoderate humor.or moyſtneſ inthem,which alſo iſ one cauſe, why the womb of the beare cannot retaine the ſeed to the perfection of her young oneſ— & E They Time of theit copulation. 38. —___The Hiſtorie of Fomecfooted Beaſtſ. Nember of __ They bring foorch ſometimeſ two, and nener aboue five, whichthe old beare:dailye. Yo2B ""*5, Keeperh cloſe to her breſt, ſo warming them with the heat of her body andthe breath of, het mouch, till they be thirty daieſ old; at whattime they. comeabroad, being in thebe— ginfflr(;g of May which iſ the third moneth from the ſpring. The oldioneſ being almoſt; dagledwith lonbg datkeneſ, comming intolight againe Taeme ro ſkagger and reelejtoo, and #0, and then for the ſtraightneſle oftheir gutſ, by reaſon of their long faſting.doe ; , a eatthe herbe Arm, commontly called in Engiith Wake—Robbin or Calueſ—foot, being, of Rcmedyct in v&ſity ſharp C,?ſſſſiictflſſ taſte, w hic_h ſſcnlarſigctſſh_ctcttheir gutſ, and Tobeing -FZFQL}_cr_Fd, che_,y KE—, Natre . niiithe allthe ritie their younſ arewith them, more fierce and cruell then at other.timeſ— } And concerning the ſame Arew, called alſo Dracuncultſ and Oryx, there iſ apleaſg\.mc vuigar tale, whereby foine bhaue concemed that Beareſ yc'_a:'cſi_tſi_his h_c;bg _bſicſorc their lying H A@tretſ and by vertue thereol ( without meat, or ſence ofeold/they paſle away the whole winterinfleepe. *© ſ nrr antty t rart ; AOMdoo "Therewaſ acerraine cow—heard in the Mountainſ of Heluer/a,which comming downe afrbulou; 2 l With 3 prcat caldion on hiſ backe, he ſaw a beare eating of aroor which he had pul—, tale yer vul— led vp with hiſ feetrſ the cowheard ſtood ſtilltill the beare waſ gone, andafterward Eame garly belec— t9the place wherethe beaſt had caten the ſame, and fiuding more of theſame roote, did t _likewife cat tt he had no ſooner taſted thereof, but he hadfuch a deſire to ſleepe, that hee 20 Butif there be no tree wherem Beeſ doc breed neere to the place where the Beare a— bideth, then they vſe to annoint ſome hollow place of atree with hony , whereinto Becſ Willenter and make hony combeſ , and when the Beare findeth them ſhe iſ killed aſ afore— ſaide. In Norway they vſe to ſaw thetree almoſt aſunder, ſo that when the beaſt clim— beth it, he falleth downe vpon piked ſtakeſ laidvnderneath to kill her : Andſome make a hollow place in atree, wherein they: put a great porof Wiater, hauing annointed it with hony, at the bottome whereofare fil,ſicne:dg cErYLincſſhbokCS bending downeward; leaui an caſie paſſage for the beare to thruſt in her head to get the honice, butimpoſſible top it foorthagaine alone, becauſe the hookeſ takeholde on her Skinne ; thiſ pot they ; binde faſt to'a tree, whereby the Beare iſ taken aliue and blindeſolded, and though her ſtrength breake the corde or chaine wherewith the potiſ faſtened, yet can ſhee not eſcape or hure any bodie in the taking, by reaſon her head iſ faſtened in the pot: . _. . p on \ To conclude, other make ditcheſ or pitſ vnder Apple treeſ, laying vpon their mouth fotren ſlickeſ, which they coucr with earth, and ſtrawe vppon it herbeſ, and when the beare commethto the Appletree, ſhe falleth into the pitand iſ taken. nrouey" "— The herbe Wolfebanic or Libardine iſ poiſonto Foxeſ, VWolueſ, Dogſ, andBeareſ and to all beaſtſ thatare littered blind, aſ the Alpive &bem/a full of poiſon, with the pouder whereofthey poiſon figſ, and caſt them in thoſe placeſ where wilde beaſteſ are moſt plentifull; which they eatand ſo are killed.— — ier h 0 ſ " "Concerning the induſtrie or naturall diſpoſition of a beare, itiſ certaine that the are very hardlie tamed, and not to bee tfuſtgd chou%h they ſZc,n:c ncſi?(%c ..;}:: ,fchz there yvaſ a certaine. beare made ſo yvouldefeede vyith them, taking mext tame, that it vvent vppe and dovyneamong menand 39 3o 1_4__* Of the Beare. 44 mear at their handeſ, giuing no occaſion to feare or miltruſt her cruelty : on a daye, a young mayde playing with the Beare, laſciniouſly did ſo prouoke it, that he tore her in pieceſ » the Virginſ brethren ſeeing the murther, with theic Darteſ {lew the Beare, whercupon followed a great peſtilencethtough all that region : and when they conſul— tedwith the Oracle, the paynin God gaue an{weare; that the plague could not ceaſe, vn— "fillthey dedicated ſome virginneſ vnto D/a/a for the Beareſ ſake that waſ flaine ; which fome interpreting that they thould ſacrifice them : Ebareſ vpon condition the prieſt= hoodemight remaine in hiſ family, flewe hiſ onely daughter to end the peſtilence, and for thiſ cauſe the virginſ were after dedicated to P/ax4 before their mariage, when they 1o were betwixt ten and fifteene yeare olde , which waſ performed in the monech of. lanwaryſ otherwiſethey could not be married : yet beareſ are tamed for labourſ, and eſpecially for ſportſ among the Roxolan; and Lib/anſ, being taught to draw water with wheeleſ out —._ ofthe deepeſt welſ; likewiſe ſtoneſ vpon ſledſ to the building of walſ. _ Albertur. A prince of Litraxianouriſned'a Beare very'tenderly , feeding her from hiſ table with hiſ ownehkand; for he had vſed her to be familiar in hiſ court, and to come into hiſ owne chamber when he liſted, ſo that ſhewould goe abroad into the fieldſ and woodſ, retut— tiing home againe of her owne accord, and would with her hand or foote rub the Kingeſ chamber doore to have it opened, when ſhe waſ hungry, it being locked : it happened that cefraine young Noble men conſpired the . death of thiſ Prince, and came to hiſ , Hiſtory 20 chamber doore, rubbing it after the cuſtome of the beare, the King not doub'ting anye evill, and ſuppoſing it had bene hiſ beare, opened the doore, andthey preſently ſlewe him: There'iſ a fable of a certaine wilde beare of huge ſtature, which terrified all them that Cozm looked vppon her, the which Py#hagaraſ ſent for, and kept to himſelfe, verie familiarly vſing toſtroke and milke her 5 at the length when he waſ weatie of her, he whiſpered in hir eareand bound her with an oath ,that being departed ſhe ſhuld never more harm any. living thing; which faith the fable, ſhe obſerued to her dying day. Theſe beareſ care not forany thing that iſ dead, and therefore if a mab.can hold hiſ breath aſ if he were deade, theywillnot harmehiar, which paue occaſion to E/ove to fable of two companionſ and 30 ſworn friendſ, who travelling togither mer with a beare, whetat they being amazed,one of them ranne away and gate vp into a tree, the other felldowne and counterferted him— ſelfe dead, vnto whome the beare came and ſinelt at hiſ noſtrilſ and eateſ for breath,but perceining none departed without hurtinghim : ſoone after the othet friend came down from the tree , and merrily aſked hiſ companion what the beare ſaide o hiſ eare, marrye (quoth he/ſhe warnd me that Iſhould neuet truſt ſuch a fugitivue frend aſ thou art, which diddeſt forſake me in my greateſt neceſſity : thuſ far E/op. 5 = They willbury one another being dead, aſ Tzerzeſ aH{rmeth,* and it iſ receiued in ma— fry Nationſ, that children haue bene Nurſed by beareſ : Par;/ſ throwne out ofthe cittic, waſ noutiſhed by a Bearc. There iſ in Fraunce a Noble houſe of the ///2»ſ, whoſe firſte go founder iſ reportedto hane bene certaine yeareſ togither nouriſhed by a beare, and for that cauſe waſ called 75/o2 : and fome affirme, that Arce//aſ waſ ſo being deceined by the name of hiſ mother who waſ called 4 @Z95, a beare : aſ amonge the Latineſ waſ /r/yla. Andit iſ reportedin the yeare of our Lord 1254. that the Concubine of Pope Nicholaſ (being with childe aſ waſ ſuppoſed ) brought forth a young Beate, which ſhe did not by Sebaſt. frilſ any volawful copulation with ſuch abeaſt, but onely with the moſt holy papeſ and con— ceivued ſuch a creature, by ſtrengthofimagination; lying in hiſ pallace, where ſhe ſawe the picturſ of many bearſ; ſo thatthe holy fathet Being firſt put in good hope of a ſon, & afterwardſeeing thiſ monſter(like himſelfe Repel. 13 )for anger and ſhame defaced all hiſ pictureſ of thoſe beaſtſ. Thereiſ a mountaine called the mountaine of beireſ in CJe 3go "/exuſ,bctwixt Cherſoneſwſ and Propontuſ; (0 called } becauſe aſ ſome haue affirmed, Helice and Cy20/@/a were turned into beare8 in thatplace, but thereaſon iſ moreprobable, be; ;:}aauſc it waſ full of beareſ, or elſe Berauſe it waſ ſo high that it ſeemd to touch the Seare— fre. * — ! ſ — 'Thereiſ a conſtellation called the beare in the figure of ſeauen Sratreſ like aCarte, whercoffoure ſtande in the phice of the wheeleſ, and three in the roome of Horfleſ, | E 3 The Varrintt, Higinu. Fight of Beareſ. The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. The Septentrionſ call them Trieneſ, that iſ yoked Oxen. But thereare two beareſ;.a greater and a lefler. * Thie greater iſ called Ca////Zoafter the name of Zycaorſ daughter, who raigned in Arcadia, whercof many gine diverſ reaſonſ : For they ſay Call/ſfo waſ acompation of — Diana,& vſedto hunt with her being vetielike vnto her, and one day Zwp/ter came to her in the likeneſ of D/1»4 and deflowred her, and when ſhe waſ withchilde, D/axaaſked her how that happened, to whom Calliſtoantweared, that it. happened by her fact : wherewith the Goddeſſt beingangry , turnd her into a beare,in which ſmape ſhe brought forth Arcaſ, and they both wandring in the woodeſ, were takenand brought for a prc?cntc yvnto Lycaon her father 5 And vpon a day the beare being igno rant of the law , entered into thetemple of Ju— piter Eycanſ, and her fonnefollowed her, for which the Arcadiaſ would haneſlaine them both, but opirer in pittic of them tooke them both into heauen and placed them among the ſtarreſ. Other ſay that Calli%a waſ turned into a beare by Jwze, whom afcervſſſſ'ard Diana ficyv, an_d comming to knowledge that it waſ Calliſte, ſhe placed her for a ſigne in heauen, whichiſ called Pz/a Matore, the great beare; whichbefore thattime waſ called Armaxſ : but the rea— {on oftiefe fableſ iſ rendred by Palephat=mſ, becauſe that Calliſivſ going into a Beareſ den waſ by the bearedeuoured, and fo her fooliſh companionſ ſecing none comefoorth but the Beare, fondly imagined that the Virgin waſ turnedinto a beare. There iſ another conſtellation next to the great Beare, called Arctſctp/zylax, Booteſ, Oor the little beare, in whoſe girdle iſ a bright ſtarre called Ar/Z@7@ſ, and from thiſ, conſtella— tion of beareſ, commeth the denomination of the Arzique and Anzarctique pole. — Other affirme, that the two Beareſ were Zelice and Copoſwra, the two Nurſeſ of Iupiter, becauſe ſometime they are ſo named; the cauſe whereof iſ apparant in the Greeke tongue, for Ze— lice iſ a ſtarte, hauing aſ it were a taileroled vp, and cypoſwra, a taile at length like a Dogge. They arealſo nouriſhed for ſport, for aſ their bodieſ doe in one ſortreſemble Apeſ, ſo do alſo their diſpoſitionſ being apt to ſundrie geſtureſ and paſtimeſ, lying vpon their backeſ, and curning their handſ and feete , rocke themſelueſ vpon them aſ a woman rocketh her childe in a cradle; but principallie for fight : for which occaſion they were preſerued of old time by the Romaineſ : For when Meſſalſ waſ Conſull, e£2pbarbuſ Domitinſ preſented in oneringor circle, an hundred Beareſ, and ſo many huncerſ with them. < | |, Rabido nec prodituſ ore : Fumantem npſum viuitentaneriſ vrſt, Sit placiduſ licet , & lambat digitoſquemanuſque : Sidolor et biliſ ſi inſtacoegerit ira, Vr/uſ erit vacuadenteſinpellefatigeſ. They willnot willinglie fight with a man, although, men may do it without hure, for if they annoint orſprinkle the moutheſ of Ly onſ orBeareſ with Vitrioll or copperaſ, it will ſo bindtheir chappeſ togither, that they ſhallnot be able to bite,which cauſed Murziall to write thuſ : ; - . Pracepſ ſanguinea dum [erotat vr/uſ arena, Splendida iamteito ceſſent venabulaferro : Deprendat vacnovenator in acre predam, Implicitam viſcoperdidit illefugam : Nec volet excuſſa lancea torta manu, — Sicaptare fer aſ ancupiſ arte placet . Alexander had a certaine Indian dog given vnto T)im, to whom waſ puta bore and a beare to fight withall, but he dildaining, them, woulde not once regardthem, butwhen a Lyon came, he roſe vp and fought with him. Beareſ, they wilfight with Bulſ, Doggeſ, and hor— feſ : when they fight with bulleſ , they take them by their horneſ, andſowith the weight of 30 49 their bodie, they wearic and preſſe the beaſt, vntill they may eaſilieſlaichim : and thiſ fight go iſ for the moſt part on hiſ backe. A Rh/mocerſſ ſet on by a bear in a publicke ſpeGacle at Rome, dideaſilie caſt him off from the hold he had on hiſ horne. She dothnot aduenture on a wilde bore, except the bore bea {leepe or not ſeeing her. There iſ alſo a mortall hatred be—» twixta horſeand a beare, for they know one another atthefirſt ſight; and prepare.to com— bat, which they rather a by policie then by ſtrength : The beare falling flatonbiſ. backe, Of the Beare. 43 the horſſeleaping ouer the beare, which pulleth athiſ gutſ with her forefeet—naileſ, and iſ by theheckeſ of the horſſe wounded to death, if he ſtrike the beare vpon hiſ head. Alſo beareſ fearea ſea—calfe; and will nor fight with them if they can beauoided, for they knowe they ſbalbe ouercome. » Great iſ the fierceneſ of a beare, aſ appeareth by holie ſcripture O/ze 1 3. Zwill meet them aſ abeare robbed of her whelpeſ (ſaiththe Lorde) and will teare in pieceſ their froward heart : And Chyſ/ſa/#telleth Abſalon. 2. Sam. 17. Thon knoweſt that thyfather and the men that bee with him be moſt valiant and fierce like aſbee beare robbed of her Whelpeſ : for aſhee beare iſ morecouragiouſ then a male. There iſ a filthy nation of men called T2/f1Þ, who are ginen vnto a ſodomiticall bug— pery, to"commit vncleaneneſ man with man, and eſpecially with young boyeſ ; but if any of them take a wilde bore, or kill a Beare, he ſhall be exempted from thiſ kind of beaſtlyimpudicitie . Ze/ogabalmſ waſ woont to ſhut vp hiſ drunken friendſ togither, andſuddenly in thenight would putin among them Beareſ, Wolueſ, Lyonſ, and Leo— pardſ, muzled and diſarmed , ſo that when they did awake, they ſhouldfind ſuch cham. berfelloweſ, aſ they could not behold (if darkeneſſe did not blind them ) without ſingu— lar terror; whereby manie of them fell into ſwoundeſ, ſickeneſſe, extaſie, and madneſ. Vitolduſ King of Litwania, kept certaine Beareſ of purpoſe, to whom he caſt all per— ſonſ which ſpoke againſthiſ tirranie,, purting them firſt of all into a Beareſ ſkinne ; whoſe erueltiewaſ ſo great, that if he had commaunded anie of them to hang themſelueſ, the would rather obey him then endure the terror of hiſ indignation. Inlike ſort did Alexa»— der Phxrauſ , deale withhiſ ſubieAſ , aſ iſ reported by Texzo7 Valentinianuſ, the Emperor nouriſhed two beareſ detourerſ of men, one of them called golden Mica, the other Zypo— Centiaſ which he lodged neere hiſ owne chamber : at length after many ſlaughterſ of men, he let Jyzocentia goe looſe in the wooddeſ for her good deſertſ, in bringing ſo ma— ny peopleto their funeralſ. a Therearemany naturall operationſ inBeareſ. P/igy reporteth, that if a woman bee in ſore trauile of child—birth, let a ſtoneor arrow whichhath killed a man, a beare or a bore, Secrerſ ob< be throwne ouer the houſe wherein the Woman iſ, and ſhe ſhall be eaſed of her paine, ſerued of There iſ aſmallworme called yaluex, which eateth the vine brancheſ when they are yong, BWIS: butif the vine—leckleſ beannointed withBeareſ blood, that worme will nener hurt them. (—_—> —=___—— 7 2 — 25 S=*** . =3 rav ——— t —— —— wo—t —_—==—= lorie—of Foſſm*'ezfizotet{ctYe;ſſZſ, OT THE BEAYER Male and Female. \ fa B OASI Fiber, in Irali— an Linaro or Binero, and 4 caftereo,in Spaniſheaſtor: 39 in Freach Blearze; & ſome time;ca/or 5 in Uyrian, Bobr , in Germaine Biber, all . which wordeſ at the firſtſight ſceme to be de— rined from the Latine — There—iſ no certain word foritin Hebrew : in Ara=— biſ it. iſ called eA/bedne= fter: itiſ alſo called inLa— 29 tine :ix@ Ponticuſ, but ca— niſ fiuuatiliſ iſ another beait,aſ we ſhall manifeſt in theſucceding diſcourſ ofan Otter., : and the rea— ſon why in Latin it iſ cal— "led Fibar iſ, becauſe (aſ Varro ſaieth) it. conetech theſideſ, bankſ. or extre— mitieſ of theriner, aſ the 30 extremitieſ or lappeſ of the eare and liner;,are cal— Acd/bze;and the Skirtſ of garmentſ F2Þyze; but the reaſon why the. Grzecianſ call it Caſfor,, iſ not aſ the Latineſ bane ſuppoſed, becauſe it biteth off hiſ owne ſtoneſ, quaſzcaſtan— dro ſeipſum, aſ ſhalbe ma— 40 niſeſtedſoone after, but ©__ of caſtrande ; bicauſe for the ſtoneſ therof it iſ hun ted and killed ,,or rather of Gifler ſignifieng a belly, . for that the body iſ lo andalmoſt allbelly;or ra— ther bicauſe of the coloug — and illſavour thereof Thiſ Beauet iſ no other 59 & "then that which Ariſtotle calleth Z4#ax ,and it diffe— . gethfrom an Orter only in thetayle. Some'com— pare aBeauer with a Bad— 554 Of the Beaner. — ſ ger,butthey artibure to himalonger ! 3: c bodylandſmoother hayre, but ſhortet and fofter than a Badgerſ : their colour iſ ſomewhat yellow and white, aſperſed with aſh— f They have certaine haireſ about thcir mouthy which ſeeme in their quantity or big— neſſeto berather horne they are ſo hard; but theirboneſ are moſt harde of alland—with— outinarrow : Their forefeetrare like a Dogſ; and their hinder like a Gooſeſ; made aſ it © . were of purpoſe to go on the land, & ſwim in the water5ſbut the taile of thiſ beaſt iſ moſt ſtrange of all inthatit commeth neareſt to the nature offiſheſ,being without hayreand . coueredoner with a Skin likethe ſcaleſ of fiſh; it being like a ſoale; and forvhe moſti part ſixfingerſ broade and halfe a foot long, which ſome hanue afirmedthe beaſtneuchpul— leth out of the water ; whereaſ it iſ manifeſt, that when it iſ very coldeor the waterſfro> go zenhepulleth it vp tohiſ body,although Agricdla affirme, thathiſ hinderlegſ antttaile freezewiththe wateryand nodeſſevntrueiſtheaſſettion, that they: compellthe Otterin time of colde and froft,to wait vpon their taile and totrouble the waterſothatit inay not frecze round about them5 but yetthe: Benuer holdeththe OrterimſubieGtion, and eyther ouercommeth it in fight, or killeth it with hiſteeth: \ Thiſ taile he vſeth for a ſteime=—when he ſwinmumeth after fiſhe to catch them. TR:YC 5 th Countrey of breed. Alberttet, They are lid & water bea, o 3 0 2 Bellowmſ. Their build— ing of Denſ. Atbertuſ. Olanſ mag: (Alburtugſ> aſecteton' The Codſ or ſtoneſofthe beaſt Rendoletinſ, doth not bite offler oywne ftoneſ, The Beauer » The Hiſtovic.of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. hath beene takenof them whoſe tayleſ haue waied foure pound waight; and they ate ace counted a vely delicate diſh, tor being dreſſed they eatelikeBarbleſ »they are vied by the Lotharingiinſ and Saucyenſ tor meatallowed to be, caren onfith—daieſ, alchoughthe bo— dy thauvbeareththem be fleil and vncleane for tood. Themanner of cheir dreſſing iſ;firſt rcſſnſting yand afterward 1%:_cching_in anopen pot, t].u)t o che cuill vapo urmaygoaway; and ſome inpottage made with datiron ; other with Gmger,and many with Brine < it iſ cer— taine thatthetayleand forefeet taſt very {weet, from whence came the Proucrbe; Zhat fivect iſ that fi/h,which iſ not {iſhe at all, in to ibunol a } et > t TheſeBeaſteſ vic to builde them Caueſ or Denſ. neerethe Wiaterſ, ſo aſ the Wiater may comeinto them,;or elle they may quickly leape into the water, and theirwitornatu— to rall invention in building oftheir caueſ iſ moſt wondertull: for youmuſt vnderſtand that in the night time they go to land, and there withtheir teeth goaw down boughteſ &treeſ which they likewiſe bite veric ſhort fivying their purpoſe, and ſo being buſied about: thiſ , worke, they will oftenlookev P to thetrec when they perceiucitalmoſt aſunder; chcrcby * to dilcernewhen iit iſ ready to fall, leaſtrit might light.vpon their owne pateſ : the rreebe— ing down and prepared, they take one of the oldeſt of.theit company, whoſeteethcould not be vſed for the cutting , (or aſ otherſſay, they conſtraine ſome ſtrange Beauer whom they meet withall ) to fall tlaton hiſ backeſaſ, before youhaue heard theBadgerſ doe) and vponhiſ belly lade theyalltheir timber, which they ſo ingeniouſly worke and faſten in— to the compaſic of hiſ legſ that it may notfall, and ſo the reſidue by thetaile, drawehim 24 to the water ſide, where theſe buildingſ are to be framied, and thiſ the ratherſeemeth to be true, becauſe there haue bene fſom eeſuch taken, that had no baire on their backeſ : bue were pilled, which being eſpied by the hunterſ, inpitty of theirflauery; orbondage; they haueletthem go awayfree. . — baidſ, + : moing eva Theſe.beaſtſ are o conſtant in their purpoſe; that they willneuer change thetree that they haue once choten to build withall how long tiine ſo euer they tpend in biting downe _ "the ſame; itiſ likewiſeto be obſerued, that they never go to theſame, during the time of theirlabour.but in oneand the ſame pathy jand (o in theſame, rewurne to the water againe. AVhenthey haugxhuſ brought their wood togither, then dig they ahole or ditch in the bankeſide, wherethey vnderſetthe carth.to beareitvp from falling» with the aforeſaide 30 timber randſo.they proceed, making two.or three—roomeſ like ſenerall:chamberſ,; one aboucanother; to the entent that if the! water rile they may goe further, and if itfall they may diſcend/vnto it! And aſ the huſbandmen of Egyptdoce obſerue the buildingſ of the Crocodile,ſo do the inhabitantſ.of the countrey where they breed,obſeruethe Beaverſ, thatwhenthey build high, they may expect an inundation and ſowe on the Mountaineſ, andwhen they build lowe, they looke for a calme or drought, and plowthe valleyſ.There iſ nothing ſo worthy inthiſ beaſt aſ hiſ ſtoneſ; for they are much foughtafter and deſi— red by all Merchantſ, o that they will gine for them any great priceſ —< —;— 25 vieyv © "Thereiſ both in Male and Femaley certaine buncheſ vnder thein bellie aſ great aſ2 gooſeſ egge; whichſome hane vnſkilfully taken for their codde3, and betweene theſe iſ 49 the ſecret or privie part of both lexeſ 5; whichtumourſ orbuncheſ arenothing elſe,; but 1 alittlefeſhic bagge withinachin' ſkinng; inthe middle whereo£iſ a; hole or: Paſſigc, out of the which the beaſt ſucketh a certaineliquor,; andafterward therewithannoineeth cſicry " part ofcherbodic thatſhe canreach with her toong: Now itiſ verie plainthattheſe bun— cheſ atrenorthcir.coddeſ, for theſe reatonſ 5 becauſe thatthere iſ no paſſage either of the ſecd:xynm them,, or fromthem into the yarde: Beſideſ; their ſtoneſ are found withintheir bodie» neitherought thiſ todſeeme ſtrange; ſceing: that'Hareſ hane the like buncheſ and alſoithe Ayſrhw or Muzk—cit : the female hath butone paſſageſorall herexcrementſ sa.n'd toccsgccſſgngeorbringforth yooF?g oncs};a; | mr eHIL 2noT90Awr B odſ Ya ane 2 Avhachbeenean opivion of ſome;tharwhen a Bedateriſ—huntedand iſ in dimct ort be 50 raken, thebitech of herowne ſtoneſ, knowing tharfor them only herdife iſ ſut S !o. þ E canled Avciaznſ to makethiſ Emblem.5 c — 'g.ſi nadrnooy ſ nly hſi rlxte ſiſi ſimgbt' — [79 bn id Bepedibuſ ſogniuſ tunnda crpropenduluſ alueſ: — Bubſ 52 t Mordicuſ ipſe ſibimnedicatavirilia telleti +0 —dAo0 0 > commoicyſy naih dorao o Hxiu:abexempbdffct.ſimmparflmdu, ty orl alieſ SidÞ Of the Beaner. 47 Hactimen inſidiaſ effugit arte fiber © } Atqueabijoit ſeſe gnar uſ ob illi peti <> _ ? Et vitam vt redimaſþoſtibuſ era dure. I >»»Teaching by the example of a Beaner, togineourpurfle to theeneſ, ratherthen'iour lineſ, and by our wealth to redeeine our danger,for bythiſ meaneſ the Beauer often et— capeth There haue beene many of them— founde that wanted ſtoneſ, which ganeſome ſtrengthto thiſerrour ; but thiſ waſ exploded in auncterit time for a fable ; and in thiſ andallother honeſt diſcoutſeſ of any part of Phyloſophy)the onely marke wheratetie— rie good ſtudent and profefſor oughtroaymme, muſtbe veritie and not raleſ — wherin'friac xzo ay of theancient hane greatly offended?aſ iſ manifeſtedby Afarce//iaſ Pygilinſ ) eſpeci— ally P/ato:and thiſ poiſontiathalſo ereptinto and"corrupted the whole bodie of religi— on— The Egyptianſ in opinion ofthc aforeſitd Caſ/ritio»,whch they will ſignifie a man that hurtethhimſelfe, they pictiwe a Beatier biring of hiſ owne ſtoneſ But thiſ iſ moſt rablel falle, aſ by Sertinſ, Plininſ,Didoſcorideſ, and Alberrnſ;iſ maniteſtedIfirſt, becauſetheir BHE!"y, ſtoneſare verie ſimall, and ſoplaced in their bodie aſ are a Boateſ, andtheretdre impoſt fible for them to touch orcome by them : Secondly ; they cleaue ſo faſt vnto theirback; that they cannot betakenawaie but the beaſt muſtof neceſſitie looſtchiſlife ; andthere— fore ridiculouſ iſ their relation, who likewiſeaffirme, that'when it iſ hunted{hauing for— merlie bitten off hiſ ſtoneſ; that he ſtandeth vprightand ſheweththe hunterſ thathe hach _ 20 none forthem, and therefor@hiſ death canntotprofit themi; by meaneſ whereof theyare auerted, andſeeke for another. $ at TheſeBeanerſ eate fiſh, fruitſ, and the bitter rhindeſof treeſ, which are vnito "them moſt delicate, eſpeciallie Alderne, Poplar; and Willowe ; wherevpon it iſ proverbiallie Their food ſaid; of one that ſerueth another for gattie ©Sic me ſabe'ſ quoridie vt fiber ſalicem;you love me aſ the Beauer doththe Willow, which eateth the barke and dettroieth he tree. They'aretaken for their Skinſ, taileſ , and codſ, and that manie waieſ ; and firſtof all iert when their caueſ arefound, thereiſ madea preatholeor breach therein, wherintoiſput ſi,ſi:iſiſſ,ſi;ſi f a little dog, which the beaſt eſpying, fliethto the end of her denne, and there defendeth her ſelfe by her teeth, tillall her ſtruture or building be raſed, andthelaide opentd5 her 30 enimieſ, who with ſuch in ſtrumentſ aſ they hane preſent,; beat her to death: ſome affirm thatſhberouzeth vp herbody and by the ſtrong ſauotr of hir ſtoneſ ſhe drineth away' the Dogſ,whichmay be probable if the ſtoneſ could beſeene. Theſe doggeſ are the ſame which huntwilde fouleand Otterſ. t It iſ reported that in P,#/#/a they take them in bow—netſ, baited with the rinde of treeſ; whereintothey enterfor the food, but being entrapped cannot go forth againe. They cannot dive long time vnder water but muſt put vp their headſ for breath, which being eſpiedby them that beſet them, they killthem with gun—ſhot, or pierce them with Ot— ter—ſpeareſ, ſo that one would thinke ſecing ſuch a one in the water, that it waſ ſome haiſ ry kindoffiſh ; and hiſ nature iſ, if he heare any noiſe to put hiſ head aboue water, wher— 40. by he iſ diſcouered and looſeth hiſ life. Hiſ Skin iſ pretiouſ in PdJen/@cither for garment or for gloneſ, but notſo pretiouſ aſ an Otterſ, yet iſ it vied forthe edging of all other fur garmentſ making the beſt ſnewand enduring longeſt; they are beſtthar are bla_ckcſt, and of the bellieſ which arelike felt wooll, they make capſ and ſtockingſ, againſtraineand founleweather. E we The.medicinallvertueſ of thiſ beaſt are in the ſkin, the vrine, the gallandthe codſ: The medici—= andfitſtyagarmentmadeofthe ſkinneſ iſ good for a paralitick perſon, and the Skinneſ paliientiite: burned with drie Oynionſ and liquid pitch, ſtayeth the bleeding of the noſe , and being "7,, ,,, , putintotheſoleſ of ſhooeſ eaſeth the gowt. The vrine preſerued in the bladder; iſ an antidot againſt poyſono, andthe gall iſ profitable formany thingeſ,, but eſpecially being p/iy go turned into aglew it helpeth the falling euill. The genitalſ of a Beauer are called by the Phiſitianſ Ca/foreumſ; and therefore we will in thiſ diſcourſe vſethat word for expreſſing Phy. ſithcnathre,qualitics ,remedieſ,and miraculouſ operation therof;wherfore they mnſt be verie warily and ſkilfully taken foorth, for there iſ ina littleſkin:compaſſingthem about a certaine ſweet humor(called ZAwmor Mellexſ) and with thatthey miuſt be cut out, the vt— er ſkin being cut aſunder to makethemore caſic entrance; and the: Apothecarieſ vie io take A ſecret. Agricola; 48 Ihe Hiſtorie of Fourecfooted Beaſtſ. take all the fatabout them, which they put into the oyle of the Caſfereew, and ſell it vnto fiſher men to make baite for fitheſ: . Ihefemaleſ haue ſtoneſ or Caſfrremm, aſ well aſ the maleſ, but very ſmalloneſ. Now you muſtrake great heed to the choiſe of your Beaucr, and then to theſtoneſ which muſt grow from oue roote contoyned, otherwiſe they are norpreciouſ, andthe beaſt muſt neither be a young one nor one very oldy but incthe meanebetwixt both, being in vigourand perfection ofſtrength . 8 I » ; TheBeauerſ of Spaine yeeldnor ſuch vertuouſ caſfereymaſ they of Pepr@; andthere? Hermelanr. foreitit be poſſible, take a Poptique. Beaucr, next one of Gallagzia, and laſtly of Affrique: 'Ii'hc tt Somedo co rrupt them. putting into their ſkinne gumme and Apppromacke with blogd, o< ftorcum., _ther take the raineſ,of the beaſt, and ſo.make thera//oream very big, whichinitſelfeiſ but tſ ſmall. Thiſ beaſt hath two bladderſ, which I remember notare. in any other liuing crea— ture, and youmuſt beware. that nong of theſe be ioyned, with the ca/ſerenm. You may \ knowifit be mingled with Ampaziacke by the taſt, for although the colour belike, yetiſ **= ** the ſayour different.. Platearimſ ſheweth, that ſome adulterate eaſſoreum,by taking of hiſ ſkinne, or ſomecod newly taken forth of another beaſt, filling it with blood.,ſinneweſ and the pouder of raſPorextm», that {0 itmay not wanthiſ ſtrong Amell or favour other fillit with earthand blood ; other with blood, rozen, gumme, ſinneweſ and pepper, to makeit taſtſharp» but thiſ iſ a falſification'diſcernable, and of thiſ ſoxt iſ the cafforenm that iſ ſold at/Zenice, aſ Braſonala afirmeth : and the moſt of them ſold at thiſ day are bigger then the truccaſforewm, for the inſt waight of the right ſtoreſ iſ notaboue twelue ounceſ anda 45 halfe, onk of them being bigger then the other, being ſixefingerſ bredthlong, andfoure inbreadth. Now theſubſtance contained in the bag iſ yellowiſn, folid like wax ; and ſtick— inglike glew , notſbarp and cracking betwixtthe teeth (aſ the counterfait iſ.) Theſe ſtoneſ are ofaſtrong and ſtioking ſauour, ſuch aſ iſ inot in any other, but not rotten and ſhatpe aſ Grammarianſ affirme ; yet I hauc ſinmelled of it dried, which waſ notvnpleaſaiint, and thingſ once ſeaſoned with the ſayour thereof, will enuer taſt of it, although they haue nor touched.it, butlie couered with it in the ſame boxe.or pot 5 and therefore the raſforeum of Perſia iſ, counterfeit, which hath no ſuchſmell, for if a man ſimellto the right caſforeumſ5 it will drawblood out of hiſ foſe. 3HT ' . Afterit iſ taken forth from the beaſt, ituauſt be hung vp in ſorne place to be dried in 30 the ſhadow, and whenit iſ dry ; it iſ ſoftand white : it will continue in ſtrengthſizeyeareſ, andfome ſay ſenen; the Pe/ſ/a»ſ affirme, thattheir caſforewn willhold hiſ vertueten yearſ, which iſ aſ falſe aſ the matter they ſpeake of iſ counterfait. Archigereſ wrote2a wholebook of the vereue of thiſ eaſforenm, whereunto: they inay reſort, that require an exact and full declaration of all hiſ medicinalloperationſ :itſhallonely be our purpoſc, to touch ſome generaltheadſ, and not to enter into a particular diſcouery thereof. Being ſo dried aſ iſ declared, itmuſt be warily vſed, for it falleth out heerein aſ in 6< thermedicinallſubleGſ; that ignorance turneth a curing herbe or ſubſtance, into avene— monſ and deſtructine quality ; therefore we willfirſt of all ſet downe the daungerſ to be anoyded, andafterward fome particular cureſ thatcome by the right vſe ofit. Therefore 46 it muſt be vnderſtood, that there iſ poyſoniin it, not naturally, but by accident; aſ may thed bein any other good and wholſome matter : and that eſpecially in the ſmell orſauor ther— in he veſe of,whereunto if a woiman with childe doe ſme!ll, it vvill kill the child vnborne and cauſe Caſtorum, abortement : for 2 vvomanſ womb iſ like a creature,nouriſhed withgood ſauotſ, and de— Sermitiſ | 7 ſtroyed with euill : thereforebuining offetherſ , Shoo—ſoleſ, wollen clotheſ, pitchy Galba— = . B#wm, gumme, onionſ, and garlike iſ noyſometo them. It may be cormuptednot onely aſ iſ before declared; butalſo, ifit beſhut vp cloſe withoutventinto pure afer, when it iſ hangf:d vp to be d'rie;:giſi, or if the bag be keptmoyſt, ſo that itcannot ctdry ; and it iſ true (aſ Aricenſaith) that ifitbe vſed being ſo corrmpred, it killethwithin a daieſ ſpace, dri— uing orie into madneſſe, making the ſicke perſon continually tohold forth hiſ tongue,and 50 infecting him witha feuer by inflaming the bodie, looſing the continuitie of the pa;tcs; t_hrough t hſſȝrp vapourſ ariſing fromthe ſtomack : and for a proofe that it will inflame, if youtake alitcle ofit mingled with oyle, and tubbe vpon any part of the bodie, orv on your naile, you ſhallfeele it. FOT Buetherciſ alſo a remedie for itbeing cormpted; namelic, Aſſeſ milke mingled with ſome 1 Of the Bener. 4.9 ſomeſharpe ſirrop of Citren, or if need require diinkea dram of Philonſ Antidotatthe moſt, or take butter and ſweet water which will cauſe yomit, and vomit therewith ſo long, aſ youfeele theſauour of the ſtone, and afterward take ſirro p of Limmonſ or citronſ : & ſome affirme vpon experience, that two penty waight of Goriander—ſeed, ſcorched in the fite, iſ a preſent remedy for thiſ euill. And it iſ more ſtraunge, thatſeeing it iſ in greateſt ſtrength,when the ſauor iſ hotteſt, which iſ very diſpleaſing to a manſ nature in outward appearance, yet doethit neuer harme a man taken inwardly, ( being pure and rightly compounded] if the perſon be without a fenuer, for in that caſe onely it doeth hurte in— © wardly, ocherwiſe apply itto a moiſt body lacking reftigeration, or to a colde body wan— 16 ting excalfaction, or to a colde and moiſt body; you ſhall perceine an euident commo— dity thereby , if there bee no feuer : and yet it hath profited many where thefeuer hath not bene onerhot, aſ in extaſieſ and lethargieſ, miniſtred with white pepper, and mel— licrate,and with Roſe cakeſ laid to the necke or head. 'The ſame verneſ it hath being out— wardly applied and mingled with oyle, if the bodieſ be in any heate, and purely without oile;ifthe body be cold, for in heating it holdech the thirde degree, and indrying the ſe— cond. The maner how it iſ to be miniſtred iſ in drink, for the moſt part, the ſweet lickor being taken from it, and the little ſkinneſ appearing therein clenſed away, and ſo it hath among many other theſe operationſ following. Drunke with vineger, it iſ good againſt al venim of Serpentſ,and againſt the chamel/ken, butwiththiſ difference,againſt the ſcor— 4 pion with wine againſ ſpiderſ with ſweet water, againſtthe Lizzardſ with Mirtite,againſt Dipſaſandceraſteſ, with Opponax , or wine made of Rew, and againſt other ſerpenteſ with wine ſimply. Take of euery one two dramſ, for a cold take it aſcruple and a halfe in foure cupſ of wine, vſed with Ladamew, it cureththe Fiſtulaand vicerſ, prouokethneezing by (toreod;, ſmelling to it, procureth ſleepe, they being annointed with it; maiden—weed & conferne Grauimuler ofRoſeſ, and being drunke in Wiaater, helpeth Phrenſic, and with the roſeſ and Maiden— ſepitſ recum — weedaforeſaid, caſeth head—ache : Being layd to the headlike a plaſter, itcurethallcolde ". and windy affectionſ therecin, or if one drawe in the ſmoake of it perfumed, though the paine be from the motherſ wombe, and given in three cupſ of ſweete vinegerfaſting, it helpeththefalling ſickneſ, but if the perſon haue often fitſ , the ſame giuen in a gliſter, gi— 3o neth great eaſe : Thenmuſt the quantity be two dramſ ofeaſfrrenm, one ſextary of honey and oyle, and thelike quantity of water, butiin the fit ithelpeth with vineger by ſmelling toit.Ithelpeth the paliſie, taken with Rewor wine,ſod in Rew, ſo alſo all heart trembling, ache in the ſtomack, and quaking ofthe ſineweſ.It being infuſed into them that lie inLec. & thargieſ with vineger and conſernc of roſeſ doth preſently awake them, for it ſtrength— neththe braine, and mooucth ſternutation. Ithelpeth oblivion comming by reaſon of fickieſ,;the party being firlt pured with Z/erſ Ruſſfſ:caſforeumxwith oyleboundto the hin— der part of the head, and afterward a dram drunke with Mel/ieraze, alſo taken with oyle, curethall conuulſion proceeding ofcold hnmorſ, ifthe conuulſion be full and perfect, & not temporall or in ſome particularmember, which may come to paſſe inany ſickneſ. 4o Theſamemixedwithhony helpeth the clearneſ of the cieſ, and their inflamationſ 3 likewiſe vied with the inyceof Popic, and infuſed to the careſ, or mixed with honey , hel— pethall paineſ in them. With the ſeed of hemlockeſ beaten in vineger, itſharpneththe ſence of hearing, ifthc cauſe be colde,/and it curethtooth—ach infuſed into that eare with oyleon whichſide the paine reſteth; for ABppoerateſ ſent vnto the wife of Aſpaſiuſ[com— playning of the paine inher cheeke andteeth}a little ca@orewmwith pepper, aduiſingher to hold itin her mouth betwixt her teeth.A perfume ofit drawne vp into the head & ſtoſ macke,eaſeth the paineſ of the lightſ and intralſ, and given to them that ſigh much with Tweet vineger faſting: it recoucereththem It eaſeth the cough and diſtillationſ of thewme fromthe head to the ſtomacke,takenwith the inyce of blacke Popye. It iſ preſeruatiue a— © go Bainſt inflamationſ & painſ in the gutſ or bellyJalthough the belly be ſwolnewith colde windy humorſ, Jbcing drunke with vineger, or Oxycrate, it eaſeth the colicke gitien vviely annifie beaten ſmal,and two } poonfulſ of ſweet water : and it iſ found by experiment,thae yvhen a horſſe cannorrmake vvater,; let him be conered oner vvithhiſ cloath,and then pur ;:... vnderneathhim a fire of coleſ,vvherein make a perfume vvith thateſ/Poree»etillthe hore VPegermeſ: ſeſ belly and codſ ſmell thereof, then taking avvay the coleſ,vvalkthe horſle vp & dovvn coucred,and he vvill preſently ſtale. F To: 50 7T he Hiſtorie oſ Foure—footed Beaſtſ. To ſoften the belly they vſe Caſfereum with ſweetwater two dramſ, andifit be not fer= ciblecnough,they take of the rootofaſet cucumber onedram,and the fome ofſalt Peter two dramſ.It iſ alſo vſed with the inice of Withy and decoction of Vineger applied to the rainſ and genitall partſ like a plaſter againſt the Gopprrheaw paſion. It will ſtir vp a wo— manſ monethly courſeſ, and cauſean eaſie trauaile, two drammeſ being drunke in water with Peany—Royall. And if a Woman withchilde goe oner a Beazer, ſhe will ſuffer aborte— © ment, and Zypocrateſ afirmeth, that a perfume made with Caſtoreum, Aſſeſ dunge, and ſwineſ greace, openetha cloſed wombe. There iſ an Autidot called Diaceſ?y, made of thiſ caſfoream, good againſtthe Me— 10 grim, falling ſickneſſe, apoplexieſ, palſieſ, and weakeneſſe of limmeſ, aſ may beſeene in Myrepſuſ 1againſt the impotency of the tongue, trembling of the memberſ, and other ſuch infirmitieſ. Theſe vertueſ of a Beawer thuſ deſcribed, I will conclude thiſ diſcourſe A miraculuſ With a Hiſtory of a ſtrange beaſt like vnto thiſ : related by Daprazmſ campuſ—bellu(anoble hiſtory of a kni. )Jwho affirmed, that there are in Arcadiafſeuen great Lakeſ,ſome 30.mileſ compaſſe, Menſter® _and ſome leſſe; whereof one iſ called Gar/e/f, out of whichin Apmo 15 ;10.about the midſt of Summer, in a morning, came a Beaſt about the bigneſ of a water dog, hauing feet like a Gooſe, who with hiſ taile ealily threw downe ſmall treeſ, and preſently with a ſwift pace he madeafter ſome men that he ſaw, and with three ſtrokeſ he likewiſe ouerthrew three of them, the reſidue climbing vp intotreeſ eſcaped;and the beaſt without any long tarrying, returned backeagaine into the water, which beaſ hath at other timeſ beneſeene, and it iſ 26 obſcrued, thatthiſ appearance of the monſter, did give warning of ſome ſtrange euilſ vp— on the Land : which ſtory iſ recorded by AreFar Boerhinſ. Adſccret OF THE BISON. Ofthe name =——— Biſon called of ſome Latineſ though corruptly 7%/an, and 5 ZVcfin, oftheGreecianſ B8//coo», ofthe Lituanianſ Suber, of . Zthc Polonianſ Zwber,, from whenceſome Latineſ deriued iZubro, for a Byſon. Ofthe Germaneſ iſext, andVeſext, , |i& Wiſent : a beaſt very ſtrange aſ may appear by hiſ figure — 4 \prefixed, which by many authorſ iſ taken for /r@, fome iforaBugle, or wild Oxe, other, for Rapgifer, and many for J Ithe beaſt Taranduſ a Buffe. By reaſon whereof there are J nog l:ſmy thingſ, which can by infallible collection be lear— & incd of thiſ beaſt among the writerſ 5 yet iſ i Planenſ _ — & iterſ 5 yet iſ it truely and ge— their beeed, Nerally held for akind of wild Oxe, bred in the Norchern partſ of the world ſorZhc m%)ſt . part, ?.nd never tamed , aſ in Seyzhia, Myſconia, Hercypia, Thracia, and Bruſſia. But thoſe Pthileſtephan: tall wilde Oxen which are ſaid to be in Lapporia, and the Dukedome of 4 } 49 "The reaſon Iy ſaid b f , ngeymannia, ate mer m]?rc ;_rue y Zx etobe»;, aſ intheir ſtory ſhall be afterward declared. Theitrname iſ DH.N tal enhroſm Thracia, wh1ch\was once called £i/fowia, and the people thereof Biſfoneſ from Stepbanu.: Biſtot heſoune of Cicaſ and Te erpſicoreſſandthereofcame B/iſonie Grneſ,craneſ of Thracia Neia and Bionia Lmu,_for thelake or ſea of Dieea, neere Abdera, where never lining thin c, the lake Di— Or other ofleſſe weight waſ caſt in, but it preſently ſunke and waſ drowned. Eſ cx2 Thiſ Bilon iſ called Tawz@ Peonicuſ,the Peo#ian—Bull, whereof I findtwok | —Bull, dſ, one . ,_ ofgreater, andanother ofleſerſize, called the Seqtian or calydon; in, wheret Seural kindſ (Mall ſee the piGure and qualitieſ at the foot of thiſ hiſtor .U k ſ Maet oa The greater iſ aſ big aſ any Bull or Oxe, being maned about the necke an Lyon, and hath haire hanging downe vnder hiſ Zhin or neather lip like alazrl SE::ÞS -m;cz 59 the grear Bi— tiſing or little ridge downe along hiſ face, beginning at the height of hiſ h%ad and' A fon. tinuing to hiſ noſe very hairy; hiſ horneſ great and very ſharpe, yetturning v "to cZſi. The ſeverall 215 Dack>% at the pointſ hooked like the wild goatſ of the alpſ, but mach rgacgr* t\}:ſſar fſ partſ. black of colour,and withthem throgh the admirable ſtrength of hiſ ncckgcan he Loſi?ſi:cr: the \\\\\wffi'k B the ayre, a horſe and horſeman both togithet. They are aſ big aſ the Dexz#ary which are iiiin: the greateſt Szallionſ of taly. Thieir face lookethdownewarde, and they hauea ſtraunge EE ſtrength in their toong, for by licking they grate like a file any indifferent hardſubſtance, the quantity but eſpecially they can therewith draw vnto them any man or beaſt ofinferiour condi— %*hſhſ{*:'*:' & tion , whom by licking they wound to death. : a ® offlcſſct,ſicmfig 3"7 Their haire iſ red, yellow, or black, their eyeſ very great and terrible; they ſmelllike a Myſchuſ or Muſk—cat, and their mane reacheth oner their ſhoulderſ, ſhaking it irefully when he brayeth; their face or forehead very broad, eſpecially betwixt their horneſ,for Sigiſmundking of Polonia, hauing killed one of them in hunting,ſtood betywixt hiſ hornſ, with two other men not much leſler in quantity then himſelfe, who waſ a goodly well pro— portioned and perſonable Prince. Thereatetwo buncheſ onhiſ backe, the former neare hiſ ſhouldetſ, which iſ the higher, and the other neare the rumpe, which iſ ſomewhat lower. Thaue ſeen the hornſ of a Byſon, which waſ in the handſ of a Gold—ſimith to lippe with Siluer and Gilt, that it might befit to drinke in : ii did bend like the talant ofan Egle or Gryphin, or ſome raut— The Bevof nouſ bird. The fleſh in Summer time iſ moſt fat, but it taſketh ſo much of wild—garlicke, thiſ beaſt. or ramſenſ, that it iſ not pleaſant to cat, being full of ſinall vaineſ and ſtringſ, and iſ ac— Bonarnſſ countedanoble and ſtrong kind of fieſh: the blood iſ the moſt pureſt in the world ,excel— B@re. ling in color any purple,and yet for al that it iſ ſo hot that being let forch whe the beaſt di= eth, within two houreſ 17 paceit putrifieth, and the fleſh it ſelfe in the coldeſt winter will notkeepe ſweet miany houteſ, by reaſon ofthe immodcrate heare thereof, if the Hunter Elteretin do notpreſently after the fallofthe beaſt, ſeperate from ittheintralſ :and which iſ moſt the inweard ſtrange of all, being piercedaliue with any hunting ſpeare, dart, or ſworde, the weaporn h:ſif of thiſ by the heate ofthe body iſ made ſo weake and ſoluble, that it conimeth forth aſ flexible ***** . aſ lead : and to conclude, it iſ a moſtnobleand fierce ſpirited beaſt, neuer afraid, or yeel— 50 ding till breath fay leth, neither can he be taken with aiy fletteſ or ginneſ, Yhtill they be thorougltily wearied : Wherefore they which hunt him, muſt bee very ſtrong;nimble, their hatidg: and ſkilfull men, or elſe that ſport will bethcir owne vndoing and ouerthrow, . Sitiſin: baveſ Thetefore when they 5o to hunt thiſ Byſon, they chooſe a place repleniſhed with larg treeſ, neither ſo great thatthey cannort caſily wind about them, notr fo livele thatthey ſhal P3 f1idt & 4 52 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. — notbeable to couertheyr bodyeſ from thehorne or tongue of the beaſt : behinde which the hunterſ place themſelueſ out of ſight : and then the Doggeſ rouze vp the beaſt, dri— uing him co that place where the hunterſ ſtand," whome the beaſt firſt eſpieth,to himbee maketh force, who muſt warily keepe the tree for hiſ ſheild, and with hiſ ſpeare wounde him where hee can , whe willnot fall without many mortall ſtrokeſ, but waxe more and more eager, not onely with borne but with tongue, for if he can but apprehend any part of the hunterſ garment with hiſ tongue, helooſeth no holde but draweth him vnto him, and with hiſ horne and feetkilleth him : but if the fight be long, and ſothe hunter wearied andout of breath, then doth he caſt a red cap vnto the beaſt, who maketh at it with head and feete, neuer leauing tillit bee in peeceſ 5 and ifanother come to helpe him aſ hunterſ muſt,if chey will returne aliue,then ſhall he eaſily draw the beaſtto combate, and forſake the firſt man, if he ery L#—/w—/n. In Phociciſ Pay/anizſ ſheweth how theſe Byſonſ are taken alite,, inthiſ fort.The hunterſ (ſaythhe) How Dionſ chuſe outſome ſteepe and flippery downe hill, whereupon they lay ſkinneſ of beaſtſ new— ly taken off, and ifthey want ſuch,then annoint they old ſkinſ with oyle,and ſo leaue them ſpread vppon thoſe ſteeping or bending paſſageſ : then raiſe they the beaſtſ, and with dogſ and other meanſ on horſeback drive them along to the placeſ where they laid their & hideſ,and aſ ſoone aſ they come vpon the ſkinſ they {lip and fall downe, rowling heade— long tillthey come into the valleyſ,from whence they conſtraine them back again:ſome other way,three or foure timeſ a day ,making them fall downe the hilſ aſ aforeſaid, andſo wearying them with continual hunting,and faſting. At the laſt they come vnto them,when they are no more ableto riſe for famtmeſ, & give them pine—Apleſ taken out of theſhelſ, (for with that meat arethey delighted Jand ſo while they eagerly feed and ly weary on the ground,they intoile them in bandſ and manacleſ, andlead them away aliue: The medicinſ comming from thiſ beaſt may be coniectured to bemore forcible, then ofcommon and ordinarie oxen, but becauſe they were not knowne to the G7rerramſ and Arabjanſ, and wee find nothing recorded thereof we wil conclude the ſtory of thiſ great Biſon ;with a good opinion of the vermeſ, though we are not able to learne or diſcouer them to otherſ, Ofithe White S c 0 t 1 a n Yſim the medicinſ not knowne, Swo—= Soiiq Of the Biſan. } 53 NtheWoodſ of S c o 1 1 a n», called Callendar or Calday,&: Placeſ wher inauncient time C a 1 1 » o n 1 a, which reacheth from Moy— ſi}ſifſiiſiſieſſ Horſ 4 ) tethand Erunall, vnto Atholia and Loquhbabria,there arebred white Oxen, maned about the necke like a Lyon,but in other partſ like ordinary and common Oxen. Thiſ wood waſ once o Gſſ;ſiſſct fu]l_ of tſſhcm, but now they areallſlaine, except in that parte ſiſſſiſifflſi' ,\ſi —] which iſ called Commyrzald. Thiſ beaſt iſ ſo hatefulland fear — eit /4—7\/;{7/! bJ fullof mankind, that it will not feede of that graſie or thoſe ***—***** WY P*A> —I hearbeſ, whereof heſauoureth a man hath touched, no not for many daieſ togither :and if by artor pollicy they happen'to betaken aline, they will die with very fullen griefe. If they meete a man, preſently they makeforce at him, fearing neither dogſ, ſpeareſ, nor other weaponſ. . Theirfleſh iſ very pleaſant, thoughfull of ſineweſ, and very acceptable to the greateſtNobleſ, for which cauſe they are now gro— wen to a ſmallnumber, their qualitieſ being like to the former beaſt, excepting their co— loutand beard, I will tearme them a whitecal/donj/an, or Seotian B 1 ſ 0 n. C 7» \ W 0 Sefl 7 A 10 BO N AS V S, the figure of the head and H o rnr ſ. 20 Hiſ beaſt iſ : <4,) cald in greek immne| Bonaſſoſ , & e EN) in Latin Bon maſſzſ , and iſ alſo called __ Monopſ,or Monepioſ, & once in Ariſtotle Bolin— thuſ. The Bohemianſ Lo— 30 #i,now the Geymanſ & Engliſhe call the long haireaboutthe necke of anye beaſt , a Meme or Mane,from whence c5— meth thiſ word Mypzapr— 0ſ:, which ſignifieth 'a Sohi raoh manedOxe. Thiſ Zi/or Z ( a arbenime iſ the greateſt beaſt, bul Medianſ, which they deriue from Mudia people of Aſ/34, whereaſ the Peen/anſ and Medi in Pliny, (aſiſ obſerued by Hermolanſ in hiſ caſtigationſ of Pliny)are a people of Thracia, inE v r 0 » x; ſo calledof P.e2o7 the ſonne of Epdrmion and brother of Epemſ, who waſ ſea— Panſaniaſ ted neeretheriver A x1y'ſ in Macedonia : for it waſ agreed betwixtthe two brethren ſtri— uing for the kingdome , that he which waſ outrunne by the other , ſhould yeeld the king — domeinquietmeſſe to hiſ brother. | The headof thiſ beaſt iſ like the head of an Oxe or Bull, hiſ horneſ bending round to the ſideſ of the cheeke, by teaſon whereof hehathno defence by them, neither can AMAN Arfark —— 50 behurtthat iſ caſt vpon them. Hiſ necke iſ very thicke with alarge mane, from hiſ eycſ downetohiſ ſhoulderſ in lengthlike a Horſeſ, but the haire thereof iſ much ſofter, actnd lyethmore ſmoothly,the vppermoſt haireſ being harſher, andthe vndermoſtſoſter hlfe ® wooll. Their colour betwixtredand aſhcoulour, butblacke and yellowappearethnot in them 5 They haue no vpper teeth , in thiſ point reſembling an Oxe and other horned beaſtſ : their horneſ being in compaſſe about nite yncheſ andſfomewhatmore,areverie F3 ſimooth & Of the namie Se re era ery oat Hiſ partſ 5% The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. ſmooth and blackelike varnith, Their voice iſ like the voice ofan oxe, their legſ all hai— ry, and their feet clouco,their taile too ſhorte for the other memberſ of theBody like . a Bugleſ, their backe ſtretched out at length, iſ aſ long aſ a ſeat for ſeauen men, theg ?}5 Acteand fleſhiſ very ſweet, for which cauſche iſ much ſought for in hunting, hee will with hiſ aſiſif_;:{_uoſi " feetdig vp the ground like an oxeor bull in hiſ rage, when he iſ once ſhſſſiokc_ he flyetha— way , fighting with hiſ heeleſ backward, and whereaſ nature hath denyed him the bene— Hiſfight in fFr of horneſ which other beaſteſ hane, ſo that hee iſ onely adorned and not armedby -'Kfe" fcre thoſe weaponſ, like a ſouldiour that cannor draw foorth hiſ ſword : ſhe hath given him Biſ dung. . rifilly, vpon the Doggeſ or other that purſue him, by the ſpace of foure paceſ backe— ward, that he ſtayeth their courſe , and the heat of thiſ dung iſ ſo admirable,thatitſcor— cheth or burneth the haire or ſkinne of any beaſteſ or men that hunthim : neither bach thiſ fime ſuch vertuouſ operation at any other time, but onely when the beaſt flieth, be— ing hunted and purſuedfor life, at other timeſ it lying quier,chere iſ no ſuch vertue ther— in : neither ought thiſ to ſeemeincredible, ſeeing many other beaſtſ in their chaſe.haue The reaſon the like or at the leaſt do then eiect their excrement more plentifully and noiſomly thea ofthe heat & at other timeſ boneſ whereon the horneſ grow ſhould beioyned together, then would the horneſ bee 7 1 — ofthe ſame beaſt, the compafſlethereofiſ at the leaſt three Roman feet, two pal Cc aþa\ſe_.whereumo I may alfo adde thatſhoulder.blade which hangeth ctonvſit'hf aNſſL]ftsl; Zrſi: iſ ofthe citty ofConentry, being in the loweſt part three footbroad and two fingerſ ,and four fch Iſi?ngl and Fwo p;fln;cs tand ;he comc}\zail;ſc ofthe arme: hole wherein the ſhould)cr iſ ioy— e ned, iſ three foote and one palme, and the whole compaſſe of i ) length, iſ eleuen foot one palme anctd a halfe. eiT ian In the chappell of the ſaid great Gzry , diſtant from Warwick about one th PP For amile] there þangcth aribbe of_' thiſ beaſt [aſ Iſuppoſe] the compaſſe w(;]ueſri:zcti'};:c:ſſ; . im allcſ*k place iſ three palmeſ , and inlengcth it iſ ſixe footeanda halfe, theribbeiſ dry and rotten in the ſuperficieſ thereof. The vulgar people affirme, that it iſ the peece of. ];*Y << which waſ ſlaine by Earle Gw7, other ſay , by tradition of their elderſ, that it iſ a ?ccoarF a ſ w'd(?c Cow remaining neere Conentry,& didmuchharm to many pceople: whicſillat:eo i pinion I cmbract:e taking itfora Boraſ@ſ, who in moſt thingſſ iſ like a cow; and ther fr » cc fome affirme it iſ an Indian Cow [but ignorantly] becauſe any thing that iſ not cc? tt iſ Fſilſiglly t:Lt:nbutcd to ſome ſtrange countri—breed [withan addition to that it moxcr:}(:l]l c * + + + £ cm. eth,J] The ſhape of theſe hornſ are heerefollowing diſcribed.Thuſ farre D,Ca. CC a ©peration of the ſecret operationofhiſ dung : which in hiſ chaſe he caſteth forth of hiſ body ſo plen— to forth by violent erxuption, that it may flie far backward, and alſo burne aſ aſoreſaid. Theſe 20 Therelain: +Of the horneſ being very weighty, and therefore bearing vp ſome like heauy burden, 30 longer, and of another crooked faſhion:And in the ſame place there iſ alſo the necke bone +9 0 30 | Whereunto Laſſent holding hiſ conierireſ to bevery probable;vntillby the diligent induſtry of ſome other, or my owne eie ſight we may deliver to the world ſom more aſſu— redand perfeG knowledge in theſe kinde of beaſteſ. Exhorting in the meane ſeaſon all learnied men, to diſcouer more exactly their preſent or future knowledge heerein, to the high benefit of althem that are diligent ſtudentſ in thiſ part of Godſ creation: OF..LHE _ BV.EFE, Of the name Buffe iſ called in Greeke Tarazdoi, and 1n Latine 144,d4v, aiiad of 2 iwhichſome haue corrupted barbarouſly, terming it. Parap— Buſteſ; 2| [ruſ and Pyraduſ, andI ConieG&ute: that it iſ theſame beaſt, —" which the Polowianſ call Twr or Thuro5 howſoeuer pther con— , | [found thiſ Tarandmſ with another beaſt, called, Raxgifer 5 4 land ſome with akind of yrw, which haue many propertieſ in commonwith a Buffe, yet my reaſon, why the Poloyiag Txr can beno other then a Buſfe, iſ becauſetheheadand mouth J \N3 [differeth from thoſe beaſteſ, and alſo bycauſe thiſ iſ taken =—=ilin Sarmatia, where the common people call it Darax or D4— yan, although the later writerſ callit Doyap and Dazan, andtranſlate it a poppaſ/@ſ, which go can by no meaueſ agreewith thiſ beaſt ſ and the name of Darawn iſ eaſily deriued from T#+ randuſ or Tarandoſ. Alſo that the Polowion T»r ſhouldnov be a Buffe, all that can be obieced, iſ, thatthe Horneſ thereof are cragged or braunched, which thing P/izy attrybuteth to a Buffe: whereunto Lanſwer, that the auncientſ did confound a Buffe with an Elke, and a Raxgi—= fer ; for in the diſcription of an Elke they vary,diverſ timeſ miſtaking one for anorhcri_by ® ' teaſon 59 The Hiſtorie cffſſ Fſſodreſi ovoted Beaſtſ. ert rr . oqrrrorme—=W \'(/rſr/.'/ſ/ſſ///'//ſſfm b M \. \\\ | \\wffi\ S 7 \ 4 }}) & j%/\/////\}//ſſ)///}\ſiſiſi o . 4 VT . \\\\\ \\\\\\\\ſi reaſonthatthey wrote altogither by report, none of them being ſeene in their contrieſ, and therefore may caſilic be deceined in a Buffe, aſ wellaſ inan Elke. The chiefe authorſ ofthiſ opinion haue beene Sir Thom»aſ Eliot ,and Georginſ Agricola, with whom Iwill not contend , nor with any other man that can give better reaſon : for P/igy maketha Buffe to — be a beaſt proportioned betwixtan Hart andan Ozxe, of which fort iſ not a Rangifer, aſ ſhalbe manifeſted ; andif it be, yetcan it nener appeare that a Raygifer dothchangeco— lourlike a Buſffe, aſ alſowe willmake more cuident :So then, diſtinguiſhing a Buffe: from a Ran(gifer, and preſuming that the Poloyian Tuv x o or TW iſ a Buffe, we willproceedto 22 hiſ diſcription. & : Theſeuerai . T he head of thiſ beaſt iſ like the head of a Hart, and hiſ horneſ branched orragged ; partſ. hiſ body for the moſt part like a wilde Oxeſ, hiſ.haire deepe and harſhe like a Beareſ, hiſ Silmin: _hide iſ ſo hard and thicke, that of it the Seiſh#anſ make breaſt—plateſ, which nodartcan _Hctſ}cth'"' pierce through. Hiſ colour,for the moſt part like an Aſſeſ,but when he iſ hunted or fea— red,;, he chaugetb hiſ hew into whatſocuer thing heſeeth ; aſ among treeſ he iſ like them: _ amyracle inamong greene boughſ heſeemeth greeneſ amongſtrockſ of ſtone, he iſ tranſimuted in— hiſ colour. ey their colour alſo 5 aſ it iſ generally by moſt writerſ affirimed : aſ Plipy & Solinmſ among | the auncient ſ Srephamnmſ and Ewſkathioſ, among the later Writerſ. Thiſ indeed iſ the thing thatſeemeth moſt incredible,but there are two reaſonſ which draw me to ſubſcribehereunto: firſt, becauſe we ſee that the face of men and beaſtſ tho— roughfeare, loy, anger, and other paſſionſ, doe quickly change ſ from ruddy to white, from blacke to pale andfrom pale to ruddy againe. Now aſ thiſ beaſt hath the head of a Hart, ſo alſo hath it the feare of a Hart, but in a higher degree ; and therefore byſecret operation it may eaſily alter the colour oftheir haire, aſ a paſſion in a reaſonable man, may alter the colour of hiſ face. The ſame thingeſ are reported by Plizy of a beaſt in I n » 1 a called Zycao», aſ ſhall be afterward declared ;andbeſideſ theſe two, there iſ no other among creatureſ couered with haire, that chaungeth colout. Another teaſon forcing me to yeeld herunto iſ, that in the ſea, a Polypwſ—fiſh, and in the earth among creeping thingſ , a Chamizeleon docalſo change their colout in like ſortand faſhion : whereunto it may be replyed, rhat,the Cha— malcon and Polypuſ—fiſh, are pilled or bate without haire, and therefore may more eaſily ) The Library of the Univerſity of llinglſ. rorzzzr nrree; ath lzzr:,,:;ol;;—, oz 22 ,7//((/_5{{ fl ———— CGORPRPH 22 22 P CrSSoſſ Se30 Set 2 3 cSd S5e e3 < — 30 =\ o T he Pitture o]ſi the valger Bugill Folio 57 Of the valger Bugill. 57 be verſe—coloured ; butit iſ a thing impoſſible in nature, for the haire to receine any gncture from the paſſionſ : but I anſwer, that the ſame nature can multiply and diminiſhn her power in leſſer and {mallerBeaſteſ, according to hir pleaſutre, and reſeruethan ope— ration for thenayleſ, and featherſ of Birdſ, and finneſ and ſealeſ of Fiſheſ, making one ſort of diverſ colour from the other : and therefore may and doth aſ forcibly worke in the haireſ of a buffe, aſ in the ſkinne of a Chamzeleon ; adding ſo much moreforce to tranſ. mute them , by how much farthe: off chey ſtand from the blood ,like aſ an Archer,which ſettech hiſ atrme and bow higher to ſhoote farther, and therefore it iſ worthy obſcruati— on, that aſ thiſ beaſt, hath the beſt defence by her ſkin aboue allother, ſo ſhe hath the wa— 10 keſt and moſt timerouſ heart aboue all other. Sollitrier af __ Theſe Buffeſ are bred in Stithze, and are therefore called Taramd; Stithic 5 they are al— A,..". ſoamong the Sarmatianſ, and called Badini, and neere Geloniſ, andin a part of Poland, in the Dachy of Mazania,bctwixt O/cezke and Garnolym. And if the polonian Thuro before mentioned, haue a mane [whereof|I am ignorant] then will IT alſo take that beaſt for a | kind of B//op. Inphrygia, there iſ a territory called Tara»droſ,and peraduenture thiſ beaſt Stephanw had hiſ name from that Contrey, wherein it may behe waſ firſt diſconuered and made knowne. The quantity ofthiſ beaſt, exceedeth not the quantity of a wild Oxe,, whereunto inal . the partſ of hiſ body he iſ moſt like, except in hiſ head face and horneſ: hiſ Leggeſ and ;ſi;,h:rqſfſiſifſi'ſſſi; 20 hoofeſ are allo like an Oxeſ. The goodneſſe of hiſ hide iſ memorable, and deſitred in all of a Bufte. the coldcountrieſ of the world, wherein onely theſe beaſtſ and all other of ſtrong,thicke, Thiſ Ede hideſ are found, for the thinneſt and moſt vaprofitable ſkinneſ of beaſteſ,are in the whot , 05 Pſifſſſi:_ and warmer parteſ of the world : and God hath prouided thicke, warme, moſt commo— ble to man diouſ, and preciouſ coucrſ for thoſe beaſtſ that live farcheſt from the Sunne. Where— upon many take the hideſ of other beaſteſ for Buffe, for bting tawed and wrought artifi= cially they make garmenteſ of them , aſ it iſ daily to beſeene jin Germany. Of the vulgar Bugill. Bugill iſ called in Latine Z3ubalwſ, and Buſſaluſ : in French The Severall y |[Beufle : in Spaninſh, Bufano : in German, Buffell : and in the "*** . \[lllirian tongue, Bowwell. The Hx&breweſ haue no proper word for it, but comprehend it vnder Tu, which ſignifieth lany kind of wild Oxen;ſ for neither can it be expreſſed by + Meriab, whichſigniſieth fatted oxen ; or Bekarwi, which ſig— nifeth oxenproperly 5 or Jachmnr, which the Perſianſ call Kutzcohi,or Buzeoki, and iſ vſually tranſlated a wild—aſſe. For which beaſt, the H;zbreweſ hane many wordeſ : neither "Thaue the Grzecianſ any proper word for a vulgar Bugill, for | 40 Bonbaloſ and Boubaliſ, are amongeſt them taken for a kind of &ve bucke. So that thiſ B#— Thl'f origiſ baluſ waſ firſt of allſome moderne or barbarouſ terme in AfFique, taken vp by the 1F/j— 731 ofthe anſ, & by themattributed to thiſ beaſt, and many other for whom they knew no proper luſ nameſ. For in the time of Plipy, they vie to call ſtrange beaſteſ like Oxen or Bulſ, 777 ; aſ now a daieſ ( lead with the ſame errour, or rather ignorance] they call ſuch Bubal or bef— Falt. The true cffigieſ of the vulgar Bugill, waſ ſent vnto me by Correlivſ Sittarduſ, a famouſ Phyſitian in Myrijmberge ; and it iſ pitured by a tame and familiar Bugill, ſuch aſ linegth among men forlabour, aſ itſeemethto me. For there iſ difference among theſe beaſteſ, [2ſ Ariſfotle hathaffirmed ] bothiin colout, mouth, horne, and ſtrength. afl ſ 98 the ware Thiſ vulgar Bugill, iſ of a kinde of WildeOzxen, greater andtaller then the ordinary gflſſſſB:ſiviſi a Oxen, their body being thicker and ſtronger, and their limſ better compact together : hir partſ their ſkinnemoſt hard , their other parteſ very leane, theit haire ſhort, ſinall, and blacke, biitlitcle or none at allvpon the taile, which iſ alſo ſhort and ſmall. The head bangeth downward to the earth, and iſ but little, being compared with the reaſidue ofhiſ body 3 andhiſ aſped or face betokeneth a tameable and ſimple diſpoſition. Hiſ fo'rchcl:)ad i; OA 50 58 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. broad and curled with haire, hiſ horneſ more flar then round, very long, bending toge— Belonitſ: ther at the top, aſ a Goateſ doebackward : infomuchaſ in cyeere, they make bovveſ of ;ſcſ:ſi(:,iſhffi them:and they are not for defence ofthebeaſt,but for diſtinction of kind and ornament. #iſ necke iſ thicke and long, and hiſ rump or neather part of hiſ backe iſ lower then the reſidue, deſcending to the tayle. Aiſ Legſ are very great, broad and ſtrong, butſhorter then the quantity of hiſ body would ſeeme to permit. They are very fierce being tamed, Ewſenſ, but that iſ corrected by putting an Iton ring through hiſ Noſtrileſ, whereinto iſ alſo put a cord , by which he iſ lead and ruled, aſ a horſe by a bridle (for which cauſe inGeypmany they calla ſimple man ouerruled by the aduife ofanother to hiſ ownehurt, a Bugle, lead with a ring in hiſ Noſe.) — I Ehſfeeteare clouen, and with the formoſt he willdigthe earth, and with the hindl_no_ſt fight like a horſe, ſetting onhiſ bloweſ with greatforce, and redoublingthem againe if hiſ obie& remoue not. Z/iſ voice iſ like the voice of an oxeſ when he iſ chaſed he runneth afttertttt: borth right, fildome winding or turning, and when he iſ angred he runneth into the Wa— The manner 2 SW.> * — . ofhiſ flight ter, wherein he conereth himſelfe all ouer except hiſ mouth, to coole the heare of hiſ : for which cauſe, blood ; for thiſ beaſt can neither endure outward coldnorinward heate ffi:ffgfcoſifſi they breede not but in hot countrieſ, and being atliberty are ſildome from the waterſ. ing placeſ They arevery tame, ſo that children may ride on their backeſ, but on a ſuddaine they Pet.erſcert. will runne into the Waterſ, andſo many timeſ indaunger the childrenſ liveſ. Oftheir yo# Their lone to their young oneſ iſ very great, they alway give mſſllkc from their copy— 20 oreſ & mup, lation to their caluing ; neither will they ſuffera calfe of another kinde (whom they dif— cerne by their ſmell) to ſucke theirmilke, but beate it away if it be put vnto them : where— fore theirkeeperſ do inſuch caſe, annoynt the calfe with Bugilſ excrement, andthen ſhe , *_ willadmit her ſuckling. fiictſi: t Theyare very ſtrong, and #ill draw more at once then two horſſeſ 5; wherefore they . gth in labor 2t tAMEd for ſeruice, and will draw Waggonſ and ploweſ, and carry burdenſ alſo, but they are not very fit for cartſ : yet when they doe draw, they carry alſo great burthenſ Pet.creſcent. or loadſ tyed to their backſ with ropeſ and wantyghteſ. At the firſtletting forward, they bend their Leggeſ very much, but afterward they goe vpright, and being ouerloden they will fall to the earth, from which they cannot beraiſed by any ſtripeſ vntill their load or 39 Vigdhary carriage beleſſened. There iſ no greataccount made oftheir hideſ, although they bee boutſ very thicke : So/ineſ reporteth, that the old 87;2302ſ made boateſ of ofier twigſ or reedeſ, Bellmiuſ, covcring them round with Bugilſ ſkinneſ , and ſayled in them : and the inhabitantſ of the kingdome of a Cara/az/, make them bucklerſ and ſnieldſ of Bugilſ ſkinneſ, which they vſe in Warreſ, the fleſh iſ not good for meate, which cauſed baptiſfa Fierato make thiſ POCID + 9 Bubaluſ hinc abeat, newe intret prandianoſira Non edat hunc quiſquam : ſub ingo ſemper eat. a Forthey ingender melancholy and haue no good taſt, being raw they are notvnplea— fant to behold,but ſod orroſted they ſhew a deformedſubſtance. The milke of thiſ beaſt 4* maketh very hard cheeſe, which taſteth like earth. " ® he civitſ: 9 The medicineſ made of thiſ beaſtare not many : with the horneſ or hoofeſ they make HuToyGce ringſ to weare againſt the cramp, and it hath been belecued [but without reaſon] that if a Bugilſ man or a woman weare ringſ made of the horneſ and hoofeſ of a bugill in the time of cat— nall copulation,, that they willnaturally fly off from their fingerſ ; whereaſ thiſ ſecretwaſ wont to beartributed to ringſ of Chri/olyrſ or Smaragde ſtoneſ. Toconclude,ſometeach huſbandmen to burne the horneſ or dung oftheir bygi/ſ on the windyeſide oftheir corne and plantſ , to keepe them from cankerſ and blaſting : and thuſ much ofthe vulgar bygill called bybalwſ recentiorum : whoſe beginning in thiſ part of the worldiſ vnknowne al— though in /4/y and other partſ of Eurgpe they are now bred and foſtered. ? of Octſ the Aff}imn Pugi[;, Shattk 53 . #9 OF THE AFFRICAN BVOILL. a E Elloniuſ reporteth,that be ſaw in Ca#ra ſimall beaſt which waſ in all thingſ like a little Oxe, of a beautifull body, fullof fleſh, welland (V neatelylimmed, which he could take for no other then the Affrica» 3 a i/ Oxe, or Bugill ofthe old Grecianſ, which waſ brought out of the t MSS Fct*'o kingdome of A/amia vnto the citty Cair. It waſ old, and notſo big vſiſi 5aq7, w aſ a Hart, but greater then a Rge3 he neuer in all hiſ lifetooke more Tþ. country D@WÞ pleaſure to behold a beaſt, then in viewing the excellent beauty of of thiſ beaſg 5 C"IXnnk euery part in thiſ creature Hiſ haire waſ yellowiſh, gliſtering aſ if it had beene combed and trimmed by theart of a Barbet:vnder hiſ belly it waſ ſomewhat morered and tauny then vpon hiſ backe. Hiſ feete in all thingeſ like a vulgar Bugilſ, hiſ Leggeſ ſhort and ſtrong, the necke ſhort and thicke, whereon the dewe—lapſ of hiſ creſ& didſcarceappeare. Hiſ head lkean Oxeſ, and hiſ horneſ growing out ofthe crowne of hiſ head, blacke, long , and bending like a halfe Moone ; whereof he hath no vſe to defend hinmſelfe, or annoy another, by reaſon their pointſ turne inward. Hiſ eareſ like a coweſ, 20 and ſhoulder bladeſ ſtanding vp a little aboue the ridge very ſtrongly. Hiſ taile, to the kneeſ like a camelopardalſ, from whence hangeth ſome few blacke haireſ, twice ſo great aſ the haireſ in a horſleſ tayle. Hiſ voice waſ like an Oxeſ, butnot ſo ſtrong and loude: to conclude therefore, for hiſ diſcription, if a man conceiue in hiſ mind a litcle yellovy neate Oxe, withſmooth haire, ſtrong memberſ, and high horneſ aboue hiſ head, like a halfe Moone, hiſ minde cannot errefrom thetrue and perfed ſhape ofthiſ beaſt. There waſ ſuch a one to be ſeene of late at F/prexce, vnder the name of an Zndian Oxe , ſauing hiſ head waſ greater and longer, hiſ horneſ nothighnor bending together; but ſtanding vp— right and alittle wreathing into ſpireſaboue their roote, and the hinder part of the back much lower then the ſhoulderſ, but it may be the obſeruer of thiſ beaſt fayled and tooke 3 , not the truediſcription ofit. Thiſ creature or Affricar Bugill, muſt be vnderſtood to be a Wilde beaſt, and not of The nature atame kind, although Be//o»@= expreſſethnot ſo much. Zeſ in hiſ diſcription of Affrique, of thiſ beaſtſ relateth a diſcourſe of a certaine beaſt called Lawz or Dawzt, who iſ leſſe then an Oxe, but "of more elegant feature, in hiſ Legſ, white horneſ, & blacke naileſ , which iſ ſo ſwift, that no beaſt can outrunne itexcepta Barbayy horſe : itiſ taken moſt eaſily inthe Summer time: with the ſkinne thereofthey make targetſ and ſhieldeſ, which cannot bepierced by any Weapon, except Gunſhot : for which cauſe they ſell them very deare ; which iſ con— ie&Xured to be the Bug///that Belleniuſ deſcribeth, although it beenotiuſt of the ſame co— lour, which may vary in thiſ beaſt aſ well aſ in any other, and I haue a certaine Max#— —_ feript without theauthorſ name, that affirmeth there be bugiſ in Zybia, in likeneſ reſem— " bling a Zart and an Oxe, butmuchleſſer, and that theſe beaſtſ are neuer taken aſleepe, which cauſeth an opinion that they never ſleepe ; and that there iſ another Bugill beyond the Alpeſ, neere the Ryuer Rheme, which iſ very fierce and of a white Co— Your. Of aftrange There iſ a horne in the towne—houſe of Argentine foure Romm#e cubitſ long, which iſ borne in Arſ coniec&tured to be the horne of ſome F7wſ [or rather aſ Ithinke ofſome Bugi//] it hath ©******** hung there at the leaſt two or three generationſ,and by ſcraping it I found it to be a horne, although Iforgat to meaſure the compaſſe thereof, yet bycauſe antiquity thoughtit wor— thy to be reſerued in ſo honorable a place for a monument of ſome ſtrange beaſt, Thaue go alfd thought good to mention it in thiſ difcourſc : aſ when Phillip King of Macedow, did with a Dart kill a Wilde Bull atthe foote ofthe Mountaine O»belyſ, and conſe catedthe horneſ thercofin the Temple of Zeyewleſ, which were fifteene yardſ orpaceſ long for poſterity to behold. 1o e name "F autuſ. T auruſ. Z'ſiſi'ſif{:gfy *— hagen,and cin bollen 5 the Illirianſ Valand iwnece by all which ſeuerall appellationſ it iſ e» The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ' The Pitture of the Affrican Bugill deſcribed in the former þage» H 02 $ \N to Se . NW Niebw i— W . W S pRME o 7 qwq0 20 . OF THE BVLL. Bull iſ the buſbandof a Cow, and—ring—leader ofthe heard, T [forwhich cauſeAomer compareth Agamemaon the great \\Emperour ofthe Gregiap Armyeto a BullJreſerned onely . . for procreation , and iſ ſometimeſ indifferently called an 39 Oxe, aſ Oxenarelikewiſe of authorſ taken for Bulſ /ezg : Fingue [olum primuſ extermplomenſibuſ annt, forteſ inuertant boueſ. TheHzbreweſ callhim 77 yor Tawr 5 which the Cha/deſ cal Abir, for a ſtrong Oxe :ſo the Arabianſ Tawr:the Grz— reia | ctanſ TAaMWyOſS 5 the Latineſ TawrWſ, the Itallianſ TZTero, the French Toreaſ, the Germanſ civ Stier, cin vaucherſlier, daſ vucher , cinmummelſlier, cim uident, that the name Z@wyſſ in Latine iſ not derivued from T@exmmoureſ, the ſtretching out \ thetayle, nor from Gawreſ, ſignifieng proud ; but from the hebrew To7, whicbſignifieth 40 great: vron which occaſion, the Grzecianſ called alllarge, great, and violent thingeſ, by the name of Tawrei , and that word Tawr»ſ among the Latineſ, hath giuen denomination tomen, ſtarreſ , Mountaineſ, Ryuerſ, treeſ; ſhipſ ,and many other thingſ , which cauſed » Joachimuſ Camerariuſto make thereof thiſ enigmaticall riddle. A Riddle vp < . 5 che word | Machuſ eram regiſ + ſed ligneamembraſequebar, Et Cilicum monſ {um : ſed monſ ſum nomine [olo Etvehor incalo: ſed in ip{iſ ambulo terriſ . Thatiſ in divnerſ ſenſeſ, Tamz#ſ waſ a Kingſ Parder, the rooteofatree, a Mountaine in cilieia, a Bull, a Mountaine in name, a Starre or ſignein heauen, and aRyner vpon the earth : ſo alſo we reade of Statiliuſ Tauraſ, and Pompeniuſ vituluſ, two Romanſ. It waſ the go cuſtome in thoſe daieſ, to givethe riameſ of beaſteſ to their children,eſpecially among the Troglodite,and thav adulterer which rauiſhed Eu70p4, waſ Tauruſ thc&(ing Of Creeteſ or aſ ſome ſa?, aKingthatcame ina ſhipp, whoſe enſigneand name waſ the Bull;ando— ther affine, thatit waſ Jypiger in thelikeneſſe of a Bull , bycauſe he had ſo defloured Cereſ when he begat Profſerpinſ, andaſterward defloutred Proſerping hiſ daughter,inthelikencſſe a Of the Bull, 6 )) »)) aopamilÞ 7'(0/ t in) ), , 2 Ma I " )) (4 of a Draggon. . Itiſ reported that when Achelowſ did fight with Heyenleſ for Deiancirathe Daughter of Oenewſ king of Calydon,finding himſelfe to betoo weake to match Herewleſ, turned himſelfe ſuddenly into a Serpent, and afterward into a bull ; Aeyewleſſecing him in that proportion, ſpeedily pulled from him one ofhiſ horneſ, and gaue it to Copia the 30 companion of Fortune, whereof commeth that phraſe of Corymucopia, Afterward, Ache— Jouſ gaue vnto Herculeſ one of the Horneſ of Amalthea, and ſo receiued hiſ owncagaine, and being ouercome by Zerealeſ, hid himſelfe in the river of Thoaſ, which after hiſ owne name bendiag forth into one horn or crook, waſ called Achelowſ.By theſe thingſ the Po— etſ had ſingular intentionſ to decipher matterſ of great moment vnder hidden and dark Narrationſ. i \ Bucthere are foure reaſonſ ginen, why riverſ are called Tawzorran; : that iſ, bul—headſ, Firſt, becauſe when they empty themſelueſ into the Sea, they roare or bellow like bulſ, :::f:*::::ſi withthe noiſe of theit falling water:ſecondly,becauſe they furrow the erth like a draught Icd Texrorrſ= of oxen with a plow , and much deeper.Thirdly, becauſe the ſweeteſtand deepeſt paſturſ » vato which theſe cattell reſort,are neare the riverſ. Fourthly , becauſe by their crookin: andwinding, they imitate the faſhion of a horne, and alſoare impetuouſ, violent, an voreſiſtable. | The ſtrength The ſtrength of the head and neckeof a bul iſ vety great, and hiſ forchead ſeemeth to and Tetevall be made for fight : hauing horneſ ſhort, but ſtrong and piked, vppon which he can toſſe patſ of Bulſ, into the aire very great and weighty beaſtſ which he receineth againe aſ they fall downe, doubling their elenation with renewed ſtrength and tage, vntill they be vtterly confoun— ded. Their ſtrength in all the partſ of their body iſ great, and they vſe to ſtrike backward The rredi— with their heeleſ : yet iſ itreported by ccelivſ Tizorm@ſ a Neat—heard of Aczolia,that DEnNg gion ihegth in the fieldamongthe cartell,tooke one ofthe moſtfierce and ſtrongeſt bulſ in the heard of eritermnſ, o Dy the hinderleg; andthere in deſpight of the bull ſtrining to the contrary, held him with one hand, vnllanother bullcame by him, whome he likewiſe tooke in hiſ other hande and{o perforce held them both: which thing being ſeene by Mily Crotoniateſ, hee liſtetiſi \vppec hiſ handeſ to heauen, crying out by way of interogation to LIyp#fer, andſayinge : O Hpiter , haſt thou ſent another Herculeſ amengeſt vſ? Whereupon cammethecommon proucrbcofa ſtrong armed man : 7h# iſ another Hemale:. The likeſtorie iſteported by t } . Siidaſ 62 o The ſeucrall —/ partſ. their beſt breed. Their tme of copulatio. 'Their food for prociea tion Quintiluſ The fight or combat of Bulleſ. T he Hiſtor» of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Suidaſ ofPolydamaſ, who firſt of allflew a Lyon, andafterheld a bull by thelegge ſo faſt, that the beaſtſtrming to get out of hiſ han deſ ,left the hoofe of hiſ foote behindehim. The Epithiteſ of thiſ beaſt are manyamong writerſ, aſ when they call him brazen— footed, wilde, chearefull, ſharpe, plower., warxiour, horne—bearer, blockiſh, great, gli— a ſtering, fierce, valiant, and louring, which feemeth to be natural to thiſ beaſt; infomuch aſ the Grammarianſ derive Tornitaſ, grimneſ or lowring from Tamzwſ a Bul,whoſe aſpe& carieth wrath and hatered init : wherfore it iſ proverbially ſaide in /eſſphaliſ, of a low— ring and ſcouling countenance, E#7 — fich alſ ein ochſ der dem, fleſchouwer Entloffen iſt : That iſ, he looketh like 4 buleſcaped from oneſtroke of the burcher. Their horneſ are lefſer but ſtrongerthen Oxen or kie, for all beaſtſ that are not gelded ,haue ſimaller horneſ and 10 thicker ſculſ then otherſ but the bulſ of Scithia aſ iſ faid elſe—where, haue no hornſ. Their heart iſ full of nerueſ or ſinneweſ;their blood iſ ful ofſimalvaineſ, for which cauſe he in— gendrech with moſt ſpeed, and it hardneth quickly. In the gal of a Bul there iſ a ſtone cal— Ted Gwerſ .and in ſome placeſ the galiſ called Mrmpmem7.They are plentifulin moſt coun— Comntieſ of trieſ aſ iſ ſaid in the diſcourſe of Oxen, but the beſtſort are in Ep/7@, next in 71 hracia, & then 2aly, Syriſ, England, Macedonia, Phrigiſ, and Belgia: for the bulſ of Gallia are impay— red byJabor, andthe bulſ of AEthiopearethe Rhinoceroteſ, aſ the bulſ of the woodeſ are {Elephantſ. They deſite the Cowateight montheſ olde, but they are not able to fill her til they be two yearſ old,and they may remaine tolerable for breederſ vntil they bet 2.and not paſt. 20 Euerybul iſ ſufficient for ten kie, and the bulſ muſt not feed with the kic,for 2 .monthſ be fore their leaping time,and then letthem come together withoutreſtraint, and give them peaſe, or barley, if theyr paſture benot good. The beſttimcto ſuffer them with their fe— maleſ ,iſ the midſtofthe ſpring , and if the bulbe heany, take the taile of a bart and burne it to pouder,then moiſten it in wine, and rubbe therewith the genitalſ of a bul, and he wil riſe abouemeaſure intoluſt. Wherefore, ifitbeemore then tolerable, itmuſt be alayed withoyle. The violence of a bul in the a& of copulation iſ ſo great, that if he miſſe thefe— maleſ genitalentraunce, he woundeth or much harmeth her in any other place, ſending forth hiſ ſeed without any motion except touching , and a Cowe beingfilled by hin:, hee wil never after leape het , during the time ſhe iſ with calfe : wherefore the Egiptianſ deci— 36 pher by a bul in health, without the itch of Inſt, a temperate. continent man, and Ep/cZermſ ſayingof Suſtine and Abſtine: thatiſ : Beare and Forbeare, waſ emblematicaly deſcribed by a bull haning hiſ knee bound and tyed to a cow in the hand ofthe neat—hearde, vvith thiſ ſubſcription Aaurd forrune iſ to be endured with patience, and happineſ iſ often to be feard, for Epitteruſ /aid beare andforbeare,ywermuſ [uffer many thingſ, and withhold our fingerſ from forbiddenfruiteſ,for (o the builwhich ſivayeth rule among beaſtſ, being bound in hiſ right knee, Abſtaineth from hiſ female great with young. ©—When they burne in Iuſt;cheir wrath iſ moſt outragiouſ againſt their companionſ in the * ſame paſture, with whom they agreed in former timeſ, and then the conquerour coup— l&th with the cow: but when he iſ weakened with generationche beaſt that waſ ouercome, 49 ſetteth vpon him a freſh, and oftentimeſ oucrcommeth : which kind of lone—fight iſ cle— gantly deſcribed by Oppidn@ſ aſ followeth. One that iſ the chiefeſt ruleth oner all the 0— * therheard,, who tremble at the ſight and preſence. of thiſ their eager King , and eſpeci— ally the Kyc,knowing the inſulting iealouſie of their raging huſband.When the heardſ of other placeſ meete together, beholding one another with diſdaineful countenanceſ ,and with their loughing terriblevoiceſ pronoke each other, puffing out their flaming rage of deflice,& dimming the gliſtering light with their ofte duſt—beating—feet into the aire, who preſently take vp the challenge &ſeperate themſelueſ fro the company ,loyning togither at the ſound oftheir owne trumpetſ—loughing—voice, in feareful and flſſlarp conflicſ, not ſparing, not yelding, not retiring.til one or both of them fal wounded to the earth:ſome— 50 timeſ turning round,ſometimeſ holdin% headſ together., aſ if they were coach—fellow aſ; & i and aſ two mighty ſhipſ welmanned,with ſufficient armeſ and ſtrength, by force of windſ and floodſ violently ruſbing one againſt another, doe breake and ſplit aſunder withthe horrible cry of the Souldierſ, and ratling. of the armour : ſo doe theſe Bulſ, wj:h voice, Leggeſ, horneſ, andſtrength, like cunning and valiant Martialiſtſ, thake the ſoundeſ of their Of the Bull. 63 their blowſ to ring betwixt heanen and earth, vntil] one ofthem be vaquiſhed and ouer— throwne. The poore overcommed beaſt, with ſhame retyreth from theheard, and willno more appeare vntill he be enabled to make hiſ party good againſt hiſ trium phant aduerſarye: then hefeedeth ſolitary in the woodſ and mountainſ, for it iſ prouerb ially ſaid to ſignifie aſingle and vnmarried life, abjt tawrnſ in ſiluam :that iſ, the bull iſ gone to the wood to liue{olitarily without hiſ female, often exerciſing himſelf like a ſtudiouſ championagainſt the day ofanew coimbate, and when he findeth hiſ ſtrengthincreaſed, and hiſ corage ar— medfor the day of battaile, then roareth he in the woodſ and Mountainſ, to provoke hiſ 10 aduerſarytoanſwere 5 and perceiuing hiſ own voice to be more fierce and violentthen iſ hiſ enimieſ, forth he proceedeth like ſome refreſhed giant, confident in hiſ ſtrength, dif— —cendingto the liſtſ of a ſecond combate, where he eaſily onercommeth the vidtor, weak— ned with copulation, and not excerciſed or fitted to ſuch a tryall through fulneſ and ve— nery : ſo the firſt that waſ vanquiſhed becommeth conqueror. Thevery ſame iſ in other wordeſ deſcribed by 77;gill : Bulſ are enemieſ to all Beaſteſ thatline vpon pray, aſ Beareſ , Lyonſ , and Wolueſ : whenthey fight with woluſ they Geor@— 3 wind their taileſ together, & ſo drive them awaie with their hornſ; when the beare figh— Their camiſ teth with an oxeſſhe falleth onher backe watching opportunitie to take hiſ horneſ with K;*ſſſ:ffict her forefeet, whichifſhe catch,with the weight of her body ſhe wearieth the beaſt, who iſ & ©20 ſo earneſt in combate with theſe beaſtſ, that they will f ght their tongueſ hanging out of theirmouthſ. The Cro iſ enemy to bulſ and Afſfeſ, for in her flight ſhe will ſtrike at theyr cieſ, and it iſ eaſier for the Bulto bereuenged of a Lyon, then on ſuch a bird :Red colour ſtirreth vp a Bul to fight,y neither can the neat—heardeſ goucerne theſe with ſuch facility aſ they do the femalſ, for when they wander and go aſtray, nothing can recallthem but the voice of their femaleſ for copulation, whichthey vnderſtande and heare, being a mileor twodiſtant. \ The voice of a bull iſ ſharper and ſhriller then iſ the loughing of a cow, they ate moſt couragionſ that haue ſhortand thicke neckſ, and in their greateſt wildneſ, if their right knee can be bound, they will not ſtirre; or if they be tyed to a wilde figge—tree, which iſ ſo }ſi'\ſſctſſſ uſ Apollo 3o fearfullto the nature ofan oxe or bul, that it hath bene ſeen, how a very few ſtickſ of that ſhctiſi'ſſ;ſiſi,fi'ct; wood,haue ſodde a great quantity of bulleſ fieſhe in ſhortertime, then a farre greater ofa Buil. number of other woodſet on fire could perform : which cauſedthe Egiptianſ in auncient time,;to piQurea Bulltyed to a wilde fig—tree,to ſignifie a man that changed hiſ mannerſ through calamity. Out ofthe hideſ of bulſ, eſpecially their eareſ, neckeſ, and genitalſ, iſ moſtexcellent gelueconfected, butfor the moſt partit iſ corrupted; by ſeething with it oldeleather of ſhooeſ or booteſ :but that of 2hodeſ iſ without all frand , fit for Phiſitianſ and painterſ,& euermorethe whiter the better, for that which iſ blacke iſ good for nothing : wherefore that which iſ made out of bulſ hydeſ, iſ ſo white, thatitſendethforth a brightneſ, whoſe 4o vertiiouſ contuction in conglutination iſ fo powerfull, that it iſ eaſier td breake a whole peeceofwood then any part ſo glewed togither therewith : and for thiſ inuention, wee [are ſaith P/#27] indebted to DcZlm the firſt author thereof. They vſed it in inſtrumentſ of muſicke, and ſuch other tenderand pretiouſ actionſ. The gall of an oxe putvpon copper or braſfſe, maketh it gliſter like Goldeſ for which Oftt: S: cauſe it iſ vſed by playerſ, to colour their counterfeit crowneſ. The fleſh of a bull iſ good for mcat,but yet not ſo good aſ anoxe or cowyet did the Egyptianiſ abſtain from eating Of the flethſ coweſ fleſh, and not from the fleſh of bulſ. : Theſe beaſtſ are vſed in ſome placeſ to plow, in ſome to fight, and it iſ reported by E/ — anuſ,that Mythridateſ King of Pontuſ, beſide hiſ guard of men, hadalſo a guard of a bull, a 5o horſe, and a Hart, which he tamed withhiſ owne handſſſo that when hiſ followerſ were a fleep,ifany ſtranger came near, they fayled not to awake him, by one of theirſeueral voi— ceſ. It iſ reported alſo,that ifthe Noſtrilſ of a bull be annointed with oyle of Roſeſ, he wil preſently looſe hiſ eye ſight,and that in the Lake A/Þhalzizeſ there can no liuing creature abide & yet many bulſ & camelſ ſvvim therin ſafely.It iſ but fabulouſ that ther wer Bulſ in Colchiſwhich didbreth out fire,exceptby that fiGion the poetſ vnderſtood,the beaſtly G 2 rage Their hideſ Lee Affriti 64 The ſacriſi— ting of Bulſ. (Celimn Gyraldm, Phy Panſanian Prouerbſ of #Bull, Like the En— gliſhiprouerb If the ſky fall ave ſhal haue Larkſ, *The medi— ginſ of Bulſ, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. rage of the rich inhabitantſ. Touching the ſacrificing of bulſ, it vvaſ allothecuſtome ofthe old Egyptianſ to ſacrificea Bull vnto Zpaphwſ :and their manner waſ, firſt of allto try him whether itwerefit for ſacrifice, by laying meale before them, whereofif they re— fuſed to taſt, they wereadiudged notapt forthe Temple. \ The Druide call a generall ſacrifice Vi/ſeuw, whereby they affitmeall grecuanceſ may be cured.Firſt they prepared a banguet with ſacrificevnderſometree, then broght they two white bulſ faſtened togither by the hornſ, and then they gaveadrinke to any barren creature, Woman or bruit beaſt, holding religiouſly, that by that drinke they ſ_bopldc be made fruitfull and free from al poiſon : Vnto ſo.greata height did the folly —of blinde people ariſe,to put religion in euery vnreaſonable inuention,vnder pretence of any good ; intention devuiſed by idolatrouſ prieſtſ. Aſ often aſ they flew and offered a Bul,andpou— red Erankincenſeand wine vppon the hoaſt, they ſaidſ The buliſ increaſed with Eraakin— cenſe and wine, but the Zoz/awſ did beſt comfort themſelueſ intheir ſacrificeſ— where the Bul before hiſ death did Jough at the Altar : and the Meſ/er/anſ did bind their bulwhich waſ to be ſactrificed to the Ghoſtſ of Ar//fomere, vnto certaine Pillarſ in hiſ ſepulchre : if therefore the Bul did ſhake the pillar while he leaped to andfro to getliberty , they took it for agood ſigne or Ower, but ifit ſtood imouable, they heldit a mournful and lamen— tablething. Itiſ likewiſe reported by 74>/2»ſ that when Agamemzxen ignorantly kild one of the hartſ of Diana in Auliſ, ſhe waſ ſo wroth, that ſhe ſtayed the windſ from blowing vpon hiſ na— uy , ſo aſ they could not ſtirre out of harbour : herenpon they went to the Ofacle, where anſwere waſ given, that the goddefſle waſ to bee pacified with ſome one of Agumemuonſ blood, therfore Vijſſeſ yvvaſdent avvay to fetch ;phigewia,the day. of Agam:from her mo— ther c/izewmeſ?ra, voder pretenceto be maried touchi/Zeſſbut when ſhe waſ ready to bee ſacrificed, the goddeſſe took pittic on her, andaccepted a bul m her ſteede, which ought not to bee thought incredible, ſeeing that in holy ſcripture a Ra waſ ſubſtituted in the place of I/axc. They were wont alſo to ſacrifice a bul to Meprome, and to althe rinerſ, becauſe ofthat affinity which they held a bul hath with al Wiaterſ: and to 4po//e, according to thiſ vir— gilian verſe, Tauz@mſ Neptupo Taurume tibi pulcher apollo. But vato Iupiter it waſ vnaccuſto— medto beoffered, perhapſ becauſe he had often ſhevved himſelfe inthat likeneſſe, to ra— uiſh and deflonre Women. There be certaine prouerbeſ of a bul, which are not altogi— ther impertinent inthiſ place.Firſt, it iſ commonly ſaide, that hee may bearea bul that hath born a calfe,wherby iſ meant, that he may be more ſubiec to filthineſ in age,which waſ ſo in youth . Qwazrzi//a waſ awoman of moſt vilde reputation for vncleanneſ, becauſe ſhe ſaid, thatwhen ſhe waſ litcle, ſhe lay with little oneſ like her ſelfe, and when ſhe grevy bigger, ſhe applied her ſelfeto the pleaſure of elder men, grovving in filthineſ aſ ſhe had increaſed in yeareſ.Likevviſe they vvere vvontto ſay of an abſurde or impoſſible thinge, that if a bul could reachhiſ head oucer #4yg@2@5, hee might drinke of the river Eu7roza, and 30 the beginnmg of thiſ pronerbe, waſ taken of an apothegme of Geradaſ , when hiſ hoaſt vp— 4 onatime didaſkhim vvhat puniſhment the Lacedemo2zanſ had appointed for adultererſ, heaunſvvered there vvereno adultererſ in Laredemon, and therefore the puniſhment & queſtion vvere frinolouſ ? hiſ hoaſt replyed; butif there ſhoulde beean adulterer there, vvhat puniſhment vvould they appoint for him ? Marry [ſaid Geradwſ ) he ſhold pay ſuch __ a bul aſ wouldreachouer f47ge# to drinke ofthe Water Eurotawhereatthe hoſt laugh— ed, demaunding where ſuch a bul could be found ? then ſaid Gera:IM,and vvhere can you find an adulterer in Lacedemon, ſo putting offone abſurdicy vvith another . Andthuſ much of the natureſ and propertieſ of a bul in general. In the nexte place before thiſ }zca}_k beturnedinto the Woodſ, vve vvil deſcribe hiſ medicinal vertueſ, andſolet him ooſe. The pouder of a bulſ horn drunk in vvater ſtayeth a flux of bloodand the looſt belly.Sext= and Eſeulapinſ ſay , that if a bulſ hyſime be burned in a place whgrcr:] (cſi:r?:f;ht: abide . it driveth them avvay The blood of bulſ mingled vvith barley flovver, driveth a— vvay hardneſ in the fleſh, & being dryed curethapoſtemſ in evuety part ofi chc)body Itta— kethaway ſpotſ in the face,&kileth ſerpetſ : It iſ comended warm againſtthe gour,-eſpcſi' cially Of the Bull. cially in horſeſ. It iſ novgood'for to drinke, beauſe it iſ eaſily congealed, except the lic— tle vayneſ bectaken—out. It iſ accounted among the chiefeſt poyſonſ, and therefore it iſ thought by Plazarch, that A2ziball—poyſoned himſelfe by drinking 2ulſ blood, being thereunto perſwaded by hiſSeruant, for ſo dyed 77 hemi]%;cleſſf: and P/ammenituſ King of Egypt, taken by Gambiſeſ, waſ conttrained to drinke the blood ofa Bull ; where— vponimmediately he gaue vp theghoſt.—For remedy heereof, it iſ good to beware of vomitting, bycauſethe blood congealed in the ſtornach into Iumpſ ſtopperhthe throateſ whereforeall thoſe thingſ which diflolue: Milke in—the ſtomach, are allo medicinable a— gainſt the bloodofBulſIntheſe caſeſ letthe party befirſt of all purged by gliſter or 0— therwiſe, and then annoyntthe ſtomache and belly with barly meale and ſweete Water, 9 laying it vnto them like a plaiſter: likewiſe Lupineſ, Oxzmell, and nitre, are Soneraigne in 65 thiſ, aſall Phyſitionſ know. »The dry leaueſ of Npppe, or Calamach iſ profitable againſt | thiſ Malady 5 fo alſoare aſbeſ made of the leeſ of wine burned, a Thefat uf a Bull iſ proficable to many thingeſ._Firſttherefore, itmuſt be plucked out warmefrom the rayneſ of a Bulland waſhed in a Ryuer or brooke ofruuning Water, pulling dut the ſkinneſ and—tunicleſ, then melt it inanewe. carthen pot, hauing caſt a — mong it alwtle ſalt, then ſetit infaire cold: VWater, and when it beginneth to congeale, rubbe itvp and downe in the handſ, wringing out the water . and letting itſoke in againe, vhtillitappeare well wathed ; then boyle it in a pot withalittle ſweet wine and being ſod— den letitſtandallnight : ifin the, moruing it fanour ſtrong, then poure in more W yne, 2© ſeeth it againe, vntill that ſauour ceaſe, and ſo all the poyſon be remoued : and bewate of ſalt in it, eſpecially if it be tobee vſed in—dileaſeſ, whereunto ſalt iſ an enemy, but being thuſ vſed itlooketh very white, afterthe ſame manner may be vſed the fat of Lyonſ, Le— opardſ, Pantherſ, camelſ, Boareſ, and Horſſeſ. | The fat kall about the guttſ melted in aftying pan, and annoynted vpon the geni— talſ and breft, helpeth the Dyſepzerie. 'The marrow of a Bull beaten and drunke, cureth thepayneinthe {mall of the belly :and Aa/ſ ſayth, that ifit be meltedat a fire, and min— gled with one fourth parte of Ayzrþbe andoyle of bayeſ, and thehandeſ and feete bee therewithall annoynted and rubbed, morning and euening ; ithelpeththe contractionſ ofthe Nerueſ andſinneweſ. o 30 The fat of a dormouſe, of a hen , and the marrow of a Bull, melted togither, and pou— red warme into the eareſ, eaſeth their paine very much : and if the liner of a Bull bebroi— ledona ſoft fire, and putinto oneſ mouththat hath the tooth—ache, the paine will goe a— way fo ſoone aſ ener the teethtouch it. The gall of a bull iſ ſharper then an Oxeſ, and it iſ mingled with honey for a wound—plaſter, and in all outward remedieſ againſt poiſon. It hathalſoa quality to gnaw the deadneſ or corruption out of woundſ, and with the inyce of leekeſ and the milke of Women ,it iſ applyed againſt the Swine pox and fiſtulaeſ ; but the galalone rubbed vpon the biting of an Ape, cureth that Malady.Likewiſe, thevicerſ inthe head, both of men, women, and—children. And if the woole of a harebe burned to aſheſ, and mingled with oyle ot myrtleſ, Bulſ gall, and beaten alume,and ſo warmed and 4o annointed vpponthe heade, it ſtayeth the falling away of the haire of the head. — With the gall of a Bull, and the white of an Egge,'they make an eye—ſalue, andſoan—= noint therewich diſſolued in water foure dayeſ togither 5 but it iſ thought to bee better with hony and balſam:and inſtilled with ſweet new wine into the eareſ, it helpeth awaye the paineſ of them, eſpecially running—mattry eareſ, with womanſ or Goatſ milke. It be— ing taken with hony into the mouth,helpeth the clifteſ andſoreſ thereinſ; and taken with the warer of new caloguintidaand ginen to a woman in trauel, cauſeth an eaſie child—birth. Galern waſ wont to gine of a bulſ gallthe quantity of an almonde, with two ſpoonefulſ of wine, called [Vipumw Lymghatunt} to a V oman that hathher childe dead within her body, which would preſentlycauſe the dead Embrion to come forth. The genitalofared bull, go dtyedto pouder and drunke of a Woman, to the quantity of a golden Noble, it 1}1akcth her to loathal maner of copulation : but in men (aſ the later Phiſitianſ affirme) it cau— ſeththat deſire of luſt to increaſe. The dung of a bullayed too warm ,helpeth al hardneſſeſ and burnt to pou der,helpeth the memiber that iſ burnt. The vrine or ſtale of bulſ with a little AZg#e taketh away ſcabſ and Leproſieſ. t ſ Dioſcorideſ. 66 Of another Beaſt called Buſelaphuſ. Here waſ (ſaith D. cay) a clouen foored:beaſt brotught out ofthedeſertſ of Mawr/ta7ix into England, ofthe bigneſſe of ahitide; in forme and countenance betwixt a binde: and a cow; andthereforefor the reſemblance it beareth of both; Ewillcall itBy/elphaſy or Bonicern@ſ,cor Moſchelaphuſ, or a cowlhare: hauing a—long'and thinne head and care;aleane and ſlender Leg and Shinne, ſorthar inmay ſeeme tobee madefor thaſe andvelerity.. Ziſ tailenotmuchlonger then a foote,"but/the forme'thereof very'like a coweſ; and the Icngſich like a hartſ,aſ ifnature Seemed to doubt whether it ſhouldencline to a cow or ahart "hiſ vpper partſ were yellowilhand ſmooth, hiſ neather The ſeueraſl PATCS blacke andirough 3 the haire of hiſ bodyebetwizr yellowandred , falling cloſe to partſ. the ſkinne, but in hiſ forehcad/ ſtanding vppe like acStarre ſ anddo:alſo about the hormeſ which were black@ and at thetop ſmooth, bur downward rough with Wrinkleſ mecting on the contrary part, and on the neererſideSpreadingfrom oneanother, twice or thrice their quantity—Theſe horneſ are itilength one foore &ca hand—bredth, butthiree hand Bredtheſ thicke at the toore; and their diſtancear the roore waſ not aboue one fin— gerſ bredth, ſo ariſing to their middle, and a littlebeyond where they differ or grow a— {underthree handſ bredth and a halfe 5 then yeeld they together agame a little, and ſo withanother crooke deparraſiinder the ſecondtime,yet ſo;aſ the topſ of the horneſ do not ſtand aſuunder aboue twohandſ bredth,threeſingerſ and ahalfe. Fromthecrowne ofthehead to the Noſtrilſ, there goeth a blacke/ftrake which iſ one foote; twopalmeſ and one finger long,, in bredthaboue the eyeſ where it iſ broadeſt, it iſſeuen fingerſ, in thickneſſe one foote and three palmeſ, it hath eight teeth, and wanteth thevppermoſt _ likeacow,andyet cheweth the cud; it hath two vdderſ vnder the belly like aheyghfer P#@—@i@ that never had calfe, it iſ a gentle and pleaſant beaſt;apt to playandſport, being not one— ly ſwift to runne, butlight and active to leape: It willeateany thing, either bread, broath, ſalted orpouldred beefe, graſſe or herbeſ, andthevſe heereofbeing aliue iſ forhunting, and being dead the fleſh iſ ſweeteand pleaſant formeate. i OF . THE 0 XE—ad COVN. Eare now to deſcribe thoſe beaſtſ which areleſſe fortaign and ſtrange, and more commonly knowne to all nationſ, then any other foure—foo — tedBeaſt : for howſover Bugilſ, Buffeſ, Lyonſ, Beareſ,Tigerſ, Benerſ, Por— cupineſ and ſuch other, are not alway found in enery nation, yet for the moſt part are Oxen, Kine, Bulſ, and Horſſeſ, by the prouidence of Al— , mighty God, diſſemmated in all the habitable placeſ of the world : and to ſpeake the truth, Oxen and Horſſeſ were the firſt richeſ, and ſuch thingſ wherein our elderſ gatte the firſt property , long before houſeſ and Jandeſ ; with thein they rewarded 18 men of higheſt deſert, aſ Me/amp#mſ who opened an oracle to"AF/ewſ that ſought out the loſt Oxen of phicluſ.And Erix king of Sicily, ſo muchlotved the Oxen that Herenleſ reco— vered from Geryon, that when he waſ to contend with Aeycw/eſ about theſe, he rather yel— ded to depart frorm hiſ kingdome then from hiſ cattell : and Z#//% Pollax affirmeth;that there waſ an auncient coine of money , which waſ ſtamped with the figure of an Oxe, and therefore the cryer in enery publicke ſpectaclemade proclamation, that he which deſer— ued well, ſhold be rewarded with an ox,[meaning a peece of mony hauing that impreſſe vpon it :which waſ a piece of Golde compared in value to an Engliſh Roſe—noble, Jand in > my opinion the firſt name of money among the Latineſ iſ derined from Cattell, for I Pliii cannot inuent any more probable xtymologic of Pecum/a, then from Pecuſ, ſignifyingal manner of catell chowſoeucr it iſ related by ſome Wiriterſ, that on the one ſide of their —— coine waſ thekingſ face, and onthe other an oxeſ piSure ;and that Serninſ waſ thefirſte that euer figured mony with Sheep or oxen. AGrow the greatpainter of Elerheyiſ,and dif— © ciple, of Agelaſ, made an heighfer or Cow of brafſe, which all Poetſ of Greece haue cele— ' brated The deſcrip tion of thiſ ftrange beaſt T he name. >t @ t 0 30 0 vr Of the Oxe. \ \\}\ ſi\ſſ\\\* )} D» n ,] rct.ſſ_ſſſſ \/////M/ſiſiw \Mitia "!—PIMINL) ; nag wW am tf 5 nm))) he "ſi[[(ffſſlſ ſſſſſſ af ? \lfl]—ffir// '/ſ/ 3F7, er i %ſi\(u\\u\c \ffi\ſiſſſi[ſi at )U)))))) ) yy V — lu\uu Eaut LLLLL! If \Wb . I1 ht Whiitily EEKat I 'Hnwſiſſ(ffllmm Tiliform 4T Iu //ſſctſiſi hitng m:\ ))) \//\ [ b k m))))))m) "\, . Wy /\\\\\\\\\//////' 7 ſi, '_/ſſ,, \Wſ/ſ#/ſiſi d 68 PValia. Ofthename Boſ. Ofthename Bf a Cow. The diverſ— ty of Oxen\ an al ciitrieſ. Uarre. Oxt of Italy The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. brated inſundry Epigramſ,becauſe a calfe came vnto it toſuckit, being deceined with the proportion,and Auſoniuſ alſo addedthiſ following vnto the ſaide calfeand cow, ſaying : Vbera quid pulſ aſ frigentia matriſ Abena : — # 0 vitula? & ſuccumſ ladtiſ ab ere petiſ ? Whereunto the brazen cow iſ cauſed to make thiſ anſiwere followingſ hunc quogque praſtarem,ſime pro parte paraſſet : Exteriore Miron,interiore Denſ. Whereby he deridech their vaine Jabourſ, which endeanor to ſatiſfie themſelueſ vppon menneſ deuiſeſ, which are coldand comfortleſſe without thebleſſing of almighty God. Tobegin therefore with theſe beaſteſ it muſt befirſt of allrcnxcmbrcd? that the mxneþo: or an oxeaſ we ſay in Engliſh, iſ the moſt vulgar and ordinarie name for Bugleſ, bulleſ, coweſ, Buſfeſ, and all great clouen—footed—horned—beaſtſ; although in proper ſpeech, it ſignifietha beaſt gelded or libbed ofhiſ ſtoneſ : and Bowſ ſiguifiethahuge great Serpent whereofthere waſ one foundin Italy, that had ſwallowed a child whole without breaking . oneofhiſ boneſ , obſeruing alſo in oxen thedeſtinction of yeareſ or age : which giveth themſenerallnameſ; for in their young age they are called "calueſ, in their ſecond age Steereſ, in theirthird Oxen, and the Latineſ addealſo a fourth which they callyer»// old oxen. Theſeare alſo diſtinguiſhed in ſexe, the Male calfe iſ Pran/wſ, the Female Pizu/ſ, likewiſe Jowenceſa Steere, and Jnwenca an heighfer, Boſ an oxe, and Vacea a cow, Tawruſ a Bull Za774 a barren cow, and Zordſ a bearing or fruitefullcow : of whom the kepmameſ ob— ſerued certaine feſtiuall daieſ called Aprdica/ia, whereinthey ſactificed thoſe cattell. The Latineſ haue alſo Vaceu/a and Bucelafor a little cow, Vacoula nonnunguam ſecreta cubilia captanſ Vitg : * = — Andagaine Aut bacalacelum. And Bucaluſ or Boſ Nowelluſ for a little oxe. Schor in Aebrew fignifieth a Bull or oxe, Bakar heardſ,or acow. Thor in the Cha/day hath the ſame ſignification with Scher, and a— mong thelatter Writerſ you may find Tora amaſculine, and Toratſ a feminine, for a Bull and a cow, accuſtomed to be handled for labout. The Greecianſ call then bow & beeſ, the Arabianſ bakar:and it iſ to be noted that the holy ſcriptureſ diſtinguiſh betwixt rz07,ſig— nifieng flockeſ of ſheepeand Goateſ, & bakar for heardſ of catteland AMraze:and Meria iſ taken for Bugilſ, or the greateſt oxen, or rather for fatted oxen, for the verbe Mar4/ ſig— nifieth to feed fat. ZEgelſ iſ interpreted Zerew : 46. for a young cowſandthe Perſianſ Goſ/a— at : It iſ very probable that the Latin Pareſ iſ derivedfrom the habrew bakar, aſ the Sa— racen word baceara 5ſo in Hzebrew Para iſ a cow, and Par a Steere,and bex bakar theſonne of an oxe, or calfe : and wheraſ the Heebrewſ take Parive, for oxen in general, the cha/deeſ tranſlate it Tore, the Arabſ Bakera, the Perſianſ Nadgaeah , or Madagaucha, the Itallianſ call it bue, the Frenchberf, the Spaniard buey, the Germaneſ Ochſ and Ri2d, the Illirianſ wull.The Italianſ call a cow Vacea at thiſ day , the Goecianſ bubaliſ, and Damaliſ or Da— malaſ [for a cow which neuerwaſ couered withBul, or tamed with a yoake]and Agelada. 39 The Erench "ache, the Spaniardeſ yaca, the Germaneſ; Xw , or Xwhe ſ and the cittizenſ of 49 Altina,cena: from which the Engliſh word cow ſeemethtobe derined, the Latine word iſ a young heighfer, which hath ceaſed to be a calfe. © There are oxen in moſt part of the world, which differ in quantity, nature, and man— ner, onefrom another , and therefore doe require a ſeuerall #74@%@r. And firſt , their oxen of Italyare moſt famouſ, for aſ much aſ ſome learned men haue affirmed, that the name Italia, waſ firſt of all deriued of the Greeke word Ira/onſ, ſignifieng oxen ; becauſe of the aboundance bred and noutiſhed in thoſe partſ, and the great account which the auncient Romaneſmade hecreof, appeareth by notable example of puniſhment, who baniſhed a certaine countrey man for killing an oxe in hiſ rage, and denying that he eate thereof, aſ if he hadkilled a man : likewiſe in Iraly theyr oxen are not allalike, for they ofcampania ;rc forthemoſtpart whiteandflender, yet able to manure the countrey wherein they are bred 5 they of vmabzia, are ofgreat bodieſ,yet white & red coloured. In hexrwria and Lax?— nui,they are very compact and welſet or made, ſtrong for labour, but the moſt ſtronge are thoſe of Apeppize, although they appearenot to the cie very beautifull. 2 TheZgyprianſ which dwellabout Aſſ have oxen aſ vvhite aſ ſnovy,and of exceeding high* r @ "Of the Oxe. 69 high and greatſtature, (greater then the Oxen of Grac/a) yetſo meeke and gentle, that AriZar/ they are eaſily ruled and gouerned by men. The Aoziaſ Oxenare of diverſ colourſ, Opp#@#@— intermingledone within another, hauing a—wholeround hoofelike a horſe, and but one "*"— horme growing out ofthe middle oftheir forehead. L'\HW"'*' © The domeſticall or tame Oxen of AffFiqwe ate ſo ſmall, that one would take them for *** efl calueſ oftwo yeareſ olde, the Affr/raxſ( ſaith S#/abo )which dwell betwixtGerulia and our Affrica oxen coaſtor countrey, haue Oxen and horſeſ which hanve longer lipſ and hooſeſ then other, and by the S7ecianſ are tearmed Macyokeilaterdi." } The Armenian Oxen haue two horneſ, but vvinding and crooking to and fro like ro"Tuye which cleaucth to okeſ, which are of ſuch exceeding hardneſſe that they wilblunt a — Acition ny ſworde that iſ ſtroke vpponthem, without receiuing any impreſſion or cutthereby. ©7,,;,,,,, Some are of opinion, that the onely excellent breede of cattelliſ in Bocor/a, neere the cit— ty Tanagra, [called once Pemandra] by reaſon of their famouſ cattel, the which Oxenate ayjnwſ, called coprophaga, by reaſon that they will eate the dung of man ; ſo alſo.doe the Oxen of Brotizoxen cipruſ to eaſe the paineſ of their ſimal gutſ. The caricuayſ in a part of AſVa arenot pleaſant to behold, hauing ſhaggye haire, and bouncheſ on either ſhoulderſ, reaching or ſwel— ling to their Neckeſ ; but thoſe vvhich are either white, or blacke, are refuſed for labour. Epiruſ yeeldeth alſo very greatand large oxen, vvhichthe inhabitantſ cal Pyrhice, be— Epiruiſ 20 cauſe that their firſt ſtocke or ſeminary were kept by King PF,,hwſ : hovvſocuer, other "ſay thatthey haue their name of their fiery flaming colour; they are called alſo Lari//of a village Larinum,or of Lazinuſ, a chiefe Neat—heard : of whom Ahexzewſ makethmention, whoreceined thiſ greate breede of cattel of Zercwleſ when he returned from the ſlaughter of Gerion : vvho raignedabout Ampbracia and Ampbolocki, vvherethrough the fatneſſe of the earchand goodneſſe of the paſture they grovy to ſo great a ſtature : other call them teſtrini, Iknow not for vvhat cauſe, yet it may be probable that they are called Larin;, by Plcy: » reaſon oftheir broad Noſtrileſ,for Rimeſ in Greeke ſignifieth Noſtrilſ : but the true cauſe eArſtale oftheir great bone and ſtature iſ, bycauſe that neither ſexe were ſuffered to couple one wililſ vvithanother, vntil they vvere foure yeareſ old at the leaſt, and therefore they vvere cal— go led Afawr/, and Serawri, and they vvere the proper goodſ ofthe King :neither could they live in any other place but in 2p/ ,by reaſon that the whole country iſ ful of ſweete and deepe paſtureſ. Entica Althe oxen in Ewbaſ are white at the time of their caluing,and for thiſ canſe the poetſ . Apamez., calthatcountrey Argzrbocen. Ifthat oxen or ſwine be tranſported or brought into H7ſpant— Hiſpaniola olſ, they grow ſo great, that the oxen haue beene taken for Elephanteſ, and their ſwine l?;f'ſi'þ'[ctſſ, p> for Muleſ, but I take thiſ relation to behyperbolical. ut Thereare Oxen in I»d/@ which wil eate fleſh like Wolueſ, and have but one horne and 2,;;, whole hoofeſ : ſome alſo haue three horneſ, there be other aſ high aſ Cammelſ, and Indian oxen their horneſ foure foote broad. There waſ a horne brought out of Lndia to Prolmy the ſe— [;—ſſTctfſict-' ge cond, which receinedthree Ampphoraeſ of water, amounting the leaſt too chirty engliſh Sollntid, gallonſ of Wine meaſure ; whereby it may bee conieGured of how great quantity iſ the AZZ Hame beaſt that bare it. The Iy@//a7ſ, both Kingſ and people make no ſmallreckoning of theſe beaſteſ, [I meane their vulgar Oxen)]for they are moſt ſwift in courſe, and wil runne a raceaſ faſtaſ any horſe, ſo that in their courſe you cannot knowan Oxe from a horſe ſ waging both Gold and Siluer vpon their headſ 5 and the Kingſ themſelueſ are ſo much delighted with thiſ paſtime, that they follow in their Wagonſ, and will with their owne moutheſ and handeſ proucke the beaſteſ to runne moreſpeedily : and heerein the Oxe exceedeth a horſe, bycauſe he wilnot accompliſh hiſ race withdufficient celerity, except hiſ rider draw blood from hiſ ſideſ with the ſpur , but the oxeſ rider neede not to lay any go handſ or prickſ at al vpon him, hiſ onely ambitiouſ nature of ouercomming|[carrying him more ſwiftly then all the rodſ orſpurſ of the world could preuaile on him): Andof thiſ game, the loweſt ofthe peoplearcalſo very greedy,laying many Wagerſ, making maty matcheſ, and aduenturing much time and price to ſee their enent. Among the Zydianſ therearealſo other oxen which are not much greater then great Goateſ, who likewiſe in their yoakſ areaccuſtomed to ruring many raceſ, which rhcg per— oa orme Caricia oxe, 7o . The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Actant:ſ formewith aſ great ſpeede aſ a Gericaz horſe : and all theſe running Oxen muſtbevader— ſtood to be wild Oxen. i There bee Oxenin Lewe?ria [ which Ariſtarle afivmeth] have their eareſ and horneſ growing both together forth of one ſtemime. The Oxen ofthe Garamazr:, and all other Neate among them, feedewith theirneckſ doubled backward for by reaſonof their long and hanging horneſ, they cannot eate their meate, holding their headſ directly ſtraight : Solinm: Theſelfe ſame iſ reported of the beaſteſ of 7rg/odirx : in other thingſ, they differ not Efredanſ» from other oxen, ſaue onely in the hardneſſe of their Skinne, and theſe oxen are called Opiſthonomi. a | : a In the prouince of Bauge/a, are oxen [Taith Panlyſ yexenſ] which equall the Elephang in hight, "Theoxen in 44// haye no horneſ, which other affirme alſo of the 5 cithianſ, whereofthey aſſigne thiſ reaſon, becauſethe vniverſall bone of the ſkull hath no Co{mſiſ: ſureot ioynt opened, and cannot receiue any humour flowing vnto it, by reaſon of the hardneſſe reſiſting, and the vaineſ belonging to thiſ bone are weaker and ſmaller then in otherſforwhich alſo they are more vnfit to conuay nouriſhment to the place : and ſo the neck oftheſe beaſteſ, muſt needeſ be more dry and leſſeſtronge, bycanſe the vaineſ are very little. The oxen haue buncheſ growing on their backeſ like Cammelſ, and vpon them doe they beare their burdenſ, being taught by the diſcipline of men, to bend on their knee to receiue their load. — »Elimuſ, _ Among the Avmadeſ [which winter their cattellabout the Mariſheſ of Mceriac] there Nomadian grealſo certaine cattell without horneſ ; whereof ſomeare ſo naturally, the other haue ©*2, . their horneſ ſawed off, aſ ſoone aſ they grow forth, becauſe of allthe partſ of their body, Ahauſ, ACY ONEIY can endure no cold, Oppiau. There be oxen in Phyigia and Erithrea which are of a flaming red colour, of a very high Phrygian & and winding neck, their horneſ are not like any other in the world, for they are mooued ggſiſiffm \\ſitl\ their ecareſ turning in a flexible manner ſometyme oneway and ſometime ano— ther. e/Alianuſ The Syrian Oxen called Pelle? are of great ſtrength, hauing a broade forchead, ſtrong ©x: of Syria horneſ, and fearefull or courragionſ aſpec, being neither too fat or tooleane of their bodyeſ ;and they are vſed both for War and alſo for running. The oxen of the Belgiaſ .prouinceſ, eſpecially in Fre//ayd and Ho//and, are alſo of very great ſtature, for it hath Belaian oc.n P f04UPd by good experience, that one of them hath waighed ſixteene hundred Grieei axdine poundſ 7>97 waight : and when the Earle of HoychſPare waſ at Machblin in Freſland, there waſ preſented vnto him a greatoxe which being killed, waighed aboue two thouſand fiue hundred twenty and eight pound. The which thing being ſoſtrang aſ thelike had not beene beforetime obſerned 5 to the entent that ſucceeding ageſ mightnot miſtruſt ſuch a memorable report, the ſaid Earle cauſed the full PiGure of theſaid oxe, to beſet vp in hiſ Pallace with an inſcription of the day and year when thiſ oxe waſ deliuered and killed. LenGrifoxt (;ſſrſſwmmſiz. *Bangala, e Ariſtotle OF COVVES. GS)| Auing thuſ noted briefely the countrieſ wherein oxen are bred and nou— 4\ riſhed with their ſeuerall formeſ : it muſtbe alſo obſerued, that Kyneor coweſ which are the Female of thiſ kind, are likewiſe found in all the placeſ aforſaid with correſ; pondentand ſemblable quantitieſ,qualitieſ, memberſ ——<> W partſ, and other accidentſ to ſuch creatureſ appertayning ; excepted a.l: waieſ thoſe thingſ which belong to their ſexe, which principally concerne their milk. And mite ortinn A!® f al the Kyne of moſt plentiful Milke in all I2%,are about A/ziz2ſ a citty of the Vene= dnIraly _##4#5, neere Aguileic, which Kyneare of the ſimaleſt body, and yet the greateſt labourerſ, i Z;]:ſſcr; ?1(:; Zſ:aked or coupled together by their Neckſ aſ inother counuyeſ, but onely The 10 30 40 50 Oſ tbeſi C oÞ. i| 7.1 'The Coweſ of Arabia haue the moſt beautifullhorneſ by reaſon of aboundance otlid— %-mbſiſiſi mourſ which flow to them , feeding them continually withſuch generouſ liquor aſ natu— avveſ. rally doethencreaſe them. The PyrrheanKyearenotadmitted to theBulltillthey be foure yeare old at the leaſt, ſ('_Yſifſſr:x::au which thing cauſeth them to grow to a very high and tallſtature: whereofthere were e— & uerfoure hundred keptfor the Kingſ ſtore. 20 3 ſi*?/ -ſi, © — T \ u \W \ V } * ////))))))/ | / ſ | *V////ffi\\\/- Lpt Cct,ſiſſ 43 2 oocorcccr \\N/\\\//\\ (—5 . ſi"/ W C D J 4 "",'m, 1 ( ]]* W M b Sitrym ") J ZM//))))))D >>>ſi \ ff/fff — HififÞ y — H 3 They e 76 'The time of Qxenſ age the medcinſ to preſerue an Oxe in {trength, Paxampſ, Voweſ and ſuperſtitiouſ medicinſ for the cure of Cattel, The diſcoue ry of the ſick neſ ot Cattel and the perti cujar cure ahercof, The Hiſtor» of Fourc—footed Beaſtſ. They willlive in ſtrengthand perfection twelue yeareſ, and their whole life iſ for the moſt part but twenty, Kieliue not ſo long, the meaneſ to know their age iſ by their reeth and their horn, for it iſ obſeruedthat their teeth grow black in their age, and their hornſ waxe more circled aſ they grow in yeareſ, although ILdarenotaffirme that enuery circle betokeneth a yeareſ groweth,[aſ ſome haue written ]yet Iam aſſured the ſmoothhorne ſheweth a young beaſt.Moreouer, although kie will eadure much cold and heat both in WWinter and Summer, yet muſt you haue more regardto your Oxen, and thereforeit iſ required that they inthe Winter coldweather bekept dry and houſed in ſtalſ, which muſt be of conuenient quantity, ſoaſ euery oxe may belodgedvpponſtraw, the floocr made higher vndertheir forefeere then their hinder, ſo aſ their vrine may paſſe away and not 10 ſtand to hurttheir hoofeſ: and there be alſo allowed for the ſtanding and lodgingrof ene— ty Oxecightfoor in bredth, and a lengthanſwerable. The like regard muſt be had to theyr maunger and rack, whereofthe ſtaueſ muſtnot ſtand aboue one foot, or rather leſſe from one another, that ſo they may not driwonut their meat, and ſtampe it vnderfoot. But allthedictand foode that the wit of man can ordaine, willdo them no manner of good if regard be not had to theirbodily health, and preſeruation ofſtrength, for which cauſethey muſt receine an ordinary medicine enery quarter of the yeare, thatiſ; in the endoftheſpring, Summer, Autumne, and Winter : which in ſome placeſ iſ thuſ made andgiven in potion,they take of Cypreſ ,and Lupine—leaneſanequalquantity, beat them ſmall, then ſet them in water in the openayrea day and a night, andafterward gine vnto 26 euery one for three dayeſ togither warmed aſ much aſ a wine pint. In ocherplaceſ they give them to prevent ſickneſ, arawEgee, a handfull ofſalte in a pintofwine : and otherput into the meat of oxen, the foameofnewe oyle mingled with water, fitſta littleat once vntill they be accuſtomed vnto it, and afterward moreand thiſ they do every fourthor fift day. Cato reciteth a certaine vowe or prayer, which the olde idolatrouſ Romaneſ were woont to make for the health of their catrell, to Si#/@azmſ Marſ, which waſ on thiſ manner—Firſt, they take three pound of greene wheat, and of Larde 4. poundeſ, and foure pound and a halfe offleſhy ſinneweſ, and threepinteſ and a halfe of wine,then putthemiinto carthen potſ with hony,& put in the wine by it ſelf,and thiſ they did yearely; but no woman mightknowe howitiſ made, or be preſentat the timeof the 30 preparation, and itbeing made muſtbe preſently conſumed by fire:Vnto thiſ ridiculouſ andſuperſtitionſ ydle inucntion, ſeruing more to Exprefſe the folly of man, then to be— nefiteithet man or beaſt, I may addethar kind offacrificemadefor beaſtſ, which P/iny calleth Dap3; that waſ made in the ſpring time when the peare—treedid bloſſome,the ma— ner whereof waſ thuſ. They did offer to Zupiter Dapaliſ a bowle of wine, on the ſame daye the heard—men and heardſ make theirſacrifice ſaying in thiſ manner, 0 Iupiter Dapaleſ,X offer vnto theethiſ cup ofwine, inthe behalfe ofmy ſelfe;family and cattell, ifthou wilt perform thatvnto them which belongethto thee;be good to thiſ wine beneath,be:good to thiſ my ſacrifice: Afterward the party waſhed hiſ han deſ, and then dranke the wine ſaying ; 0 Iupiter Dapaleſ be good to'thiſ my ſacrifice; be good to thiſ infetriour wine,and 49 ifthouwily, givie part therofro Veſta:theſacrifice being ended hetook Millet—ſeed, Len— tilſ oxipatium , and garlick : 7 huſ farreCuto, wherewith if any reader beoffended,let him remember to pitry ſuchpoore remedieſ, and commend hiſ cattellto the true God, that ſaueth manand beaſt. The Drafdeſ ot the Gaulſ, calledia certain hearb growing: in moyſt placeſ Samolupſ: whichbeing gathered by the lefthand of them that werefaſtinge, they gane inforan Antdotco oxen and ſwine. And Galer telleth ofanother ſuperſtitiouſ cure for oxen, whena man tooke the horne ofa Hart, andlayed itvpponthe chappellof P47, andſet vpon it a burning candle which nuſtnorbeforgotten, but alway thoughtvppon in the day time, calling vppon holy Demwſ@riſ, which fooliſh peoplehaue thought aſ it were by awitchcraft, to cute the cuilſ of their cattell, ſ E & Butto letpaſſetheſeand ſuch liketriſleſ; let vſ followe a more: perfect deſcriptionand f ruleto cure allmanner of diſeaſeſ inthiſ catteL.whoſeſafegard and health next to a manſ iſ to bee preferred aboue all other: and firſte of allthe meaneſ whereby their ſickneſſe j; diſcouercd_mſi\y be conſidered, aſ 2{11 Laſſitude or weariſommeſſe thorough onuer much Taboutwhich appeareth by forbcaring their meat, or cating after another faſhion them ſi they Of the Oxe. uy theyare woont, or by their often lying downe, or elſe by holding out their tongue, all which and many more ſigneſ of their diſeaſeſ,are manifeſt to them that haue obſerued them in the time of their healcth, and on the other ſideitiſ manifeſt, that the health of an oxe may beknown by hiſ agility, life & ſtirring, when they are lightly touched or prick— ed, ſtarting, and holding their eareſ vpright, fulneſſe of their—bellie, and many other wayeſ. : Therebealſohearbeſ which increaſe in cattellditietſ diſeaſeſ , aſ herbſ bedewed with Honie bringeth the Murrain , the ivice of black Chame/eon killeth yong kie like the chine, blackeZrlebore, Aconitum,or Wolfe—bane, which iſ that graſſe incilieſa, which inflameth x0 oxen, herbehenry; and otherſ: Itiſ alſo reportedby Ar;/forle, that in a piece of Thracia, not far from that citty which iſ called the citrie of Medſ, there iſ a place almoſt thirty fur— longſ in length, where naturally growetha kinde of barley , which iſ good for men, but pernitionſ for beaſtſ.The like may be faid of Acgalbthreſ, Orobanche and Aeſtur, but I wil haſten to the particular deſcription of their diſeaſeſ. t . Inthe firſt place iſ the AG/% or G/anaderſ alteady ſpokeniofin the ſtorie of the Aſſe;:rn: gran, whichmay be known by theſe ſigneſ,the oxeſ haire will be'roughand hard, hiſ eieſ and.which infeſt necke hangedowne; matter tunning out of the noſe, hiſ pace— heauie , chewing hiſ cud: Oxer & Eyc little; hiſ backe—bone ſharpe, and hiſ meatloathſome vnto him.: for remedie herof, take ſea—onoynſ or Garlicke, Lupingeſ or cypreſ, or elſe the foamne of oile. And if a Beaſt eate 2 0 hoggeſ—dung , they preſentlie fall ſicke of the Peſtrlence, which infeGeth the hearbeſ and * grafle they breath on,the waterſ whereof they drinke, and the ſtalſ and lodgingſ wherein they lie.The humorſ which annoy the body of oken are many, the firſt iſ a moiſtonecal— led Maliſ, yſſuingat thenoſe, the ſecond a diy one when nothing appeareth! outwardlye onely the beaſt forſakethhiſ meat, the third an articular , when the fore or hinder legſ of the beaſt halte, and yet the hoofeſ appeareſound, the fourth iſ Fazc/mimowſ; wherein the whole body breakethforthinto matry buncheſ & byleſ, and appear healed tilthey break foorch in other placeſ , the fift Subzerentanruſ, when vnder the Skinine there runneth a hu— mour that breakethforch in many placeſ of the body : the ſixt a Swbyewal/;, when the hin— derlegſ halte by reaſon of ſome paine in theloineſ,cthe ſeuenth a Maunge or Leprofie, 30 and laſtly amadneſſe or Phrenzy, allwhich are contagiouſ, and if once they enter into a heard, they willinfeect euery beaſt if they be not feperated from theſicke, andſpeedy re— medyobtained. ; The remedicſ againſtthe laſtſeuen are thuſ diſcribed by Coleme/tſ. Firſttake Oxipumumſ and ſea—holy rootſ mingled with fennel—ſeedeand meale of beaten wheat rath—ripe : put them in ſpring water warmed with hony nine ſpoonfulſ at a time, and withthat medicine annojot the breaſt of the beaſte, then take theblood of a ſea—ſnaile, and for want thereof, dcommon ſnaile,& put it into wine, and give the beaſt in ar hiſ noſe, and it hath bene ap* proued to worke effedQuall.It iſ not goodatany time to ſtirre vppe Oxento runring, for chaſing willeither moue them to looſeneſ ofthe belly, or drive them into a feauer, nowe at iier ahile 40 the ſigneſ of a feuer are theſe : an immoderatheat ouer the whole body,eſpecially about —,, febrin the mouth, tongue, and eareſ, teareſ falling out of the cieſ; hollowneſ of theireyeſ, 2 ;»dair, heauy and ſtooping drow2ic head, matter ruaning out of hiſ noſe, a hotteand difficulte breath, and ſometimefighing and violent beating of hiſ vaineſ and loathing of meat: for remedy whereof let the beaſt faſt one whole day ,then let kim belet blood vnder the taile faſting, and afterward make hima drinke of bole—wort ſtalkeſ ſod with oyle and lickquor offiſh—ſauce,andſolethim drinkeitfor fine daieſ togither before he eat meat 5 afterward Iet him eat thetopſ of Lentilſ, and young ſinall vine brauncheſ, then keepehiſ noſeand mouth clean with a ſpunge , and giue him colde water to drinke three timeſ a day, forthe beſtmeaneſ of recouery are cold meateſ and drinkeſ, neithet minſt the beaſt bee turned 3o out of doreſ; tillhe be recoucred : When an oxe iſ ſicke of 3 cold, give him blacke wine and itwill preſently helpe him. r If an Oxe in hiſ meatetaſt of henſ doung, hiſ belly wil preſently be tormented, and ſwellvnto death if remedie be not giten : for thiſ mallady, take three ounceſ of parſley ſeed, a pintand a halfe of Cummin,two poundſ of honey, beat theſerogitherand purt it downhiſ throatwarme,then drive the beaſt vp and down , aſ long aſ he can ſtand, thenlet H 3 aſ Curſuſ bone The Hiſtoric of Fi oure—foored Beaſtſ. aſ many'aſ can ſtand about him rub hiſ belly, vntilthe medicine workd to purgation # and Pegetine addeth, that theaſheſof Elme wood wellſod inoyle; andputdowne the b;aſts throat, cureth the inflamation ofhen—dung.If atany rime ithappen;: that an oxe get into hiſ mouth and throate a borſe—leech, which atthefirſt willtake faſt holde, andhſ cke the placeſheholdſ [be itmouthor chroac]ull ſhc have kild the beaſt: ifyou'!canot take hold On het with the hand, then putinto the oxeſ throat a Cane, or little hollow pipe , euen to the place where the lecch ſucketh, and into that pipe put warme oyle, whichaſ ſoone aſ the leechfeeleth, ſhe preſently leaucth hold. — It formmethſometimeſ that an oxe iſ ſtungor bitten with a Serpent, Adder, Viper, or otherſuchvenimouſ beaſtſ for that wound, take ſharpe Trifoly, which growethin rocky !0 placeſ, ſtraine outtheinice and beat itwith ſalte, then ſearifie the woundwiththat oynt— ment, tillitbe wrought in. If a fieldmonſebiteanOxe,ſo aſ the dint of her reeth appear, thentake a litile commin and ſoft Pitch, and with that make a plaiſter for the wound : or if you can get another field—Mouſe, put her into oyle, and there letitremainetilltheme— berſoffebealmoſt rotren;then bruiſeitr &layittotheſore ,and theſame body ſhalcure, whoſe nature gaue the wound.Oxen arealſo much troubled with a diſeaſe called the hide— bound ſ forremedy whereof, when the beaſt iſ taken from hiſ worke, and panteth, then lethim befſprinkledonerwith wine, and purpeeceſ offatteinto hiſ month : if then you perceine no amendment,thenſecthſome Laurell, and therewithheathiſ backe, anda® terward with oyleand wine ſcarifie him all ouer,plucking hiſ ſkin vpftom theribbeſ,and thiſ muſtbedone in the ſimſhine, or elſe in avery warme place. 20 — For the ſcabſ; take the inice of Garlicke, and rubthe beaſtallouerſ and with thiſ me— dicinemay thebiting of a Wolfeor a mad dogge be cured :although other affirme, that the hoofe ofany beaſt withBrimſtone, oyle, Water, and Vineger, iſ a more preſent re— medy ; but there iſ no better thinge then butterand ſtale Vrine When they are vexed with wormeſ, poure cold water vpon them, afterward annoint them withthe inice of o— nionſ mingled with ſalt. ar* ! If an oxe bewrinched and ſtrayned inhiſdinneweſ, in trauellorlabour,by ſtumping on any roote or hard ſharpe thing, thenletthe contrary foot orlegge belet blood, if the ſin— newſ fwel:If hiſ necke ſvvelllet him blood, or if hiſ necke be vvinding and vveake[aſ if it were broken] then lethim blood in that eareto which ſide the head bendeth.When theit neckeſ be bald, grind twotileſ togither, anevy one andaolde, and vvhen the yoake iſ ta— ken off, caſt the pouder vpon their neckeſ , and afterwarde oyle, and ſo with a liecle reſt the haire vvillcomeagaine. 3 When an oxe hangeth dovyne hiſ eareſ and eatethnot hiſ meat, he iſ troubled vvith a Cephalalgie : that iſ, a paine in hiſ head : for vvhich, ſeeth Thyme in vvine, vvithſaltand Garlicke; and therevvithrub hiſ tongue a good ſpace 3 alſo ravy barly ſteeped in Winſ, helpeth thiſ diſeaſe.Sometime an oxe iſ troubled vvith madneſſle, for vvhich men burne them betvvixt the horneſ in the forchead, till they bleed, ſometime thereiſ a Fly vyhich biting them continually, driveth them into madneſſe;for vvhichthey are vvoont to caſt brimſtone,and bay ſprigſ ſod in water in the paſtureſ where they feede, but Iknovy not 4 vvhat goodcan comethereby.When oxen aretronbled vvithfleam, putaſprig of black Helleborethrogh their earſ, wherein let it remain tilthe next day attheſame houre. Althe euilſ ofthe eyeſ are for the moſt part cured by infuſion of hony , and ſome mingle there— with Ammoriacke, Salt, and BoetickeNVhen the pallat or roofe of their month iſ ſo ſwel— led that the beaſt forſaketh meat,and bendethone the one fide,let hiſ mouth be pared with aſharpeinſtrument, or elſe burned orabatedſome other way, giving them greeneand ſoft meat til the tender ſore be cured :but vvhen the cheekeſ ſvvell, for remedy thereof, they ſellthemaavvay to the butcher forſlaughter: it falleth out very often thatthere grov:' certaine buncheſ on their tongueſ, vvhich make them forſake their meate, and for thiſ thing they cut the toong, and aftervvardrub the wound vvith garlicke andſalt, tillal the 5 fl?\\]xſſ matter yſſue forth. ® a en their vaineſ in their cheekſ and chapſ ſwellout into vicerſ, th thern with vineger and leeſ.till they be curch.) Whentheyare liucr-ſiczz,\;?z;ng?:;i 3';211 Rubarbe, Mrſhromſ, and Gentian, mingled togither. Forthe cough and ſhort breath, they Of the Oxe. they give them twigſ of vineſ, or Iuniper mingledwithſalt; and ſome vſeBetony. Thereiſ a certaine hearbe called A/ſplexorn or Citterach, which conſumeth the Meltſ of Oxen, found by thiſ occaſion : inezeeze there iſ a Ryuer called Proveremſ, running be— twixt the twoicitrieſ Grp/or and Gortina, on both ſideſ thereofthere were heardſ of cat— tell, but thoſe which fed neere to Gorzi»a had no Spleene , and the other which fedneer to Gnoſon were fullof Spleene : when the Phyſitianſ endeuoredto finde out the true cauſe hecreof; they found an hearbe growing on the coaſt of Gorzima, which diminiſhed their Spleene; and for that cauſe called it A/plemop. But now to come to the diſeaſeſ of their ,— breſtandſtomack, and firſtofalto begine with the cough,whichifit be new, may be cured 1o by a pirtof Barly Meale with a raw Egge,and hilfe a pint of ſod wine® and ifthe cough be old, taketwo poundſ of beaten'Hyſop ſod in 3. pintſ of water, beate Lentilſ,orthe rootſ ofonyonſ waſhed and baked with Wheate meale given faſting, do drive away the oldeſt cough» For ſhortneſſe of breath , their Neat—heatdeſ hang about their Necke deatheſ— hearbandhartſ—wort : but if their Livierſ orlungſ be corupted [whichappeareth by along coughand leanneſ] take the root of haſell, and put it throughthe Oxeſ eare 3 then, a like or equall quantity of the inyce of Onyonſ and oyle mingled, and put into a pintof WWine, let it be given to the beaſt many daieſ together. If the Oxe. be troubled with cru— dity, or a raw euill ſtomach , you ſhallknow by theſe ſigneſ ; he wil often belch, hiſ belly will ruinble, he will forbeare hiſ meate, hanging down hiſ eieſ, and neither chew the cud 20 or licke himſelfe with hiſ tongue : for remedy whereof, take two quartſ of warme Water, thirty ſtalkeſ of 2o/e—wor?ſ, ſeeth them together tillthey be ſoft, and then give them to the beaſtwithvineger. " But if the crudity cauſe hiſ belly to ſtand outand ſwell, then pullhiſ tayle downe— warde with allthe force that you can, and binde thereunto Mother—wort, mingled with ſalt, or elſe give them a gliſter, or anoint a Womanſ hand withoyle, andlet hir draw out the drng from hiſ fundamentſ andafterward cut a vaine, in hiſ tayle vvith a ſharp knife. When they be diſtempered with cholet, burne their Legſ to the hoofeſ vvith a vvhor I— ron, and aftervvard letthem reſt vpon cleaneand ſoft ſtravy : vvhen their gutſ and intralſ are payned they are eaſedvvvith theſight of a Duck or a Drake. 1 30 "But vvhenthe ſmall gutſ are infected, take fifteene eypreſ apleſ and ſo many gauleſ, mingle and beatethem vvith their vvaight of old cheeſe in foure pintſ ofthe ſharpeſt WWine you can get, and ſo diuide it into foure partſ, giuing to the beaſt euery day one quantity: The excrementſ of the belly doe deprive the body of all ſtrengthand power to Tabour 5 wherefore vvhen they are troubled vvithit, they muſt reſt, and drinke nothing for three dayeſ together; and the firſt day let them forbeare meate, the ſecond day give them the toppeſ of wilde Olyueſ, or'in defeC thereof, caneſ, or reedeſ 5 the ſtalkeſ of Lantiſkeand Myrtill ; and the thirde day a little Water, and vnto thiſ ſome adde dryed Grapeſ in ſixe pinteſ of ſharpe Wine, given enery day in like quantity. When their hinder partſ are lame through congealed blood in them, whereof there iſ no outward ap— g0 Ppearance,take a bunch of Nettleſ with their rooteſ and put it into their moutheſ, by rub— bing whereofthe conderſateblood willremoue away. When Oxen come firſt of allafter Winter to: graſſe, they fall graſſe —ſicke, and piſſe blood ; for which they ſeeth together in water barley, bread, and larde, and ſo gine them altogether in a drinke to the beaſt : ſome praiſe the kernelſ of Walenutſ put into Eggec— ſhelſ for thiſ cure, and other take the bloody water it ſelfe and blow it into the beaſteſ Noſtrilſ ; and heard—men by experience haue found, thatthere iſ no better thing then hearb—Robert, to ſtay the piſſing ofblood : they muſtalſo be kept in a ſtallwithin dooreſ, and befed withdry graſſe and the beſt hay. Iftheir horneſ be annoynted with wax, oyle, and pitch , they feele no paynein their hoofeſ ; except in caſeſ where any beaſttreadeth go and preſſeth anotherſ hoofe; inwhich ccaſe, take oyle and ſod Wine, and then vſethem in a whot barley plaiſter or poultaſe layed to the wounded place : but if the plough ſhare hurt the Oxeſ foote, then lay thereunto ſtone—pitch, Greaſe, and Brimſtone, hauing firſt of all ſeared the wound with a whot Ironbound about with ſhorne wool. Now to returne to the tamingand inſtruGion of Oxen. It iſ ſaid that Buſriſ King of Egypr waſ the firſt that cuer tamed or yoaked Oxen, hauing hiſ fame given him for that purpoſſ.. $0o how to tame or yoke wild Oxem Raſiſ, Thevn der ſtanding o Oxen. The lovue of oxen to their yoke—fellow of the licking of Oxen,na— tural obſer— uationſ. Their aptneſ to go aſtray. The anger of Oxen & kyc. a T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. purpoſe, Oxenare bynature meeke, gentle, ſlow, and not ſtubborne, bycauſe being de— prived of hiſ genitalſ he iſ more tractable, and for thiſ canſeir iſ requiſite that they bee alwaie vſed to hand , and to be familiar with man,that he may take bread athiſ hand,and betyedvp tothe racke, for by gentlencſſethey are beſt tamed, being therebymore wil— ling and ſtrong forlabout, then if they were roughly yoaked or ſuffered to rua wild with—. out the ſociety and ſight of men. /azzoſayth, thatitiſ beſtto tame them betwixtfiue and three yeareold, for before three it 1ſ toſoone, bycauſe they are too tender; andafter fiue! itiſ too late, by reaſon they are too vnwealdy and ſtubborne. 4 rernolt Butifany be taken more wild and vnruly , take thiſ direGion:for their taming ;firſt, if you haue any old tamed oxen, foyne them together [awildeand a tame } and ifyou pleaſe, you may tnake a yoake to holde the Neckeſ ofthrecoxen ſ ſo that ifthebeaſt would rageand be diſobedient, thenwill the old oneboth by example and ſtrength.draw him on} keeping;:him from ſtarting aſide, and fallingdown.They muſt alſo beaccuſto— medtodrawanemptyecart, waine, orſled through ſome towne or village, where there iſ fſomconcourſeof people, or a plow in valloed ground or ſand, ſo aſ the beaſt may not be diſcouraged by the waightand ſtrength of the buſineſſe, their keeper muſt often with hiſ owne hand give them meate into their mouth, and ſtroke their Noſeſ, that ſo they may beacquainted withtheſmell of aman; and likewiſe put hiſ hand to their ſideſ, and ſtroke them vnder their belly, whereby the beaſt may feele no diſpleaſure by being tou— ched. In ſome countrieſ, they waſh them all ouer with Wine for twoor threedayeſ to— gither, and afterward in a horne give them wine to drinke, which dothwonderfully tame them, although they haue beenenever ſo Wilde : other put their Neckeſ into enginſ, and tame them by ſubſtrading their meate: other affirme, thatif a wildeoxe betyed with a haltermade of Wooll, he will preſently waxe tame : but to thiſ Heavectery man tohiſ particular inclinationfor thiſ buſineſſeſ onely, letthem chaunge their oxenſ ſideſ, and ſet them ſometime on the right ſide,andſometime on thelefteſide, and beware that heanoide the Oxeſ heele, for if once he getthc habite of kicking, he wil very hardlye Thereremaineyet of thiſ diſcourſe of Oxen, tvyvo other neceſſary TrafFZatſ ; the one naturall&the orber morral. That vvhich iſ natural, contaynſ the ſeueral vſeſ of their par ticular partſ: &firſt for their fleſh, which iſ held ſingular for noriſhment,for which cauſe, after their labour which bringeth leannefſe, they vſe to put them by forſagination, or [aſ itiſ ſayd] in Engliſh for feeding, which in all countrieſ hath aſenerall manner or cuſtom. Sotion affirmeth, that if you give your cattell when they comefreſh from their pafture, Cabbage leateſ beaten ſmall with ſome ſharpevineger poured among them, andafter— wardchaffewinowed im afiefe, and mingled with branne for fine daieſ together, itwill much fatren and encreaſe their fleſh, and the ſixth day ground barley, encreaſing the quantity by little and little forſixze dayeſ together: 3 $ Now the beſt time to feede them in the Winter iſ about the cock—crowing, and after— wardin the morning twy—light, and {oone after that letthem drinke : in the Summer let thembhatve their firſt meateinthentorning, and theirſecond ſeruice at noone, and then drinkeaſter thatſecondmeate or eating, and their thirdmeate before evening againe, andſoletthemdrinke the fecond time; It iſ alſo to be obſcrued that their water in winter time be warmed, and in the Summer time colder. And while they feede youmuſt often waſhthe roofe and ſideſ of theirmouth, for therein will grow certaine Wormeſ which will annoy the beaſt—and hinder hiſ eating; and after the waſhing rubbe hiſ tongue welwith ſalt. If therefore they be carefully regarded they wil grow very fat; eſpecially if they benot ouct aged or very young at the time of thcir feeding: for by reaſon of age their teeth grow looſe and fall out, and in youth they:cannot exceede in fatneſſe bycauſe of theirgroweth : aboue all heighferſ and barren Kyewil exceed infatneſſe, for Vayrſ affit— rmeth;that he ſaw a field Mouſe bring forth young, oneſ in the fat ofacowe hauing eaten intoher bodyſhe being alive: the ſelfeſame thingiſ reportedof a Sow in Arcadia : Kye willalſogrow farwhen they are with Ealfe eſpecially inthe middeſt of that time. The T#/kſ vſein their greateſt feaſteſ and Marriageſ, to roſtor ſeeth an Oxe whole, putting in the oxeſ belly a whole—Sovy, and inthe Soweſ belly; a Gooſe, and in the Gooſeſ belly an Eggcyto noteforth their plenty ingreatand ſmallthingſ : butthe beſt fleſh iſ of a young oxezandtheworſtofan olde one, for itbegetteth an ill iunyceor. concodion, eſpecially if theywhich eare it be troubled vvith a coughror reumy fleame, or if the party being conſumption; orfor a woman thathath vicerſ in her belly, thetorgue ofan oxeorcow o falteandflitaſunder, iſ accompted a very delicate diſhe, vvhich the pricſteſ of Meyenry ſayd did belong to them,; bycatiſethey vvere the ſeruantſ of ſpeech, and hovvſoeuer in alſacrificeſ the beaſtſ tongue vvaſrefiiſediaſ aprophane member, yet theſe prieſtſ made choiſe thereof, vndercolour of ſactificeto feede their dainty ſtomackſ: a in Thehorneſofoxenby art of ma aremade very flexibleand ſtraight whereof a(;e » IT made 81 Gillinſ Oxenprovo ked by cou— lourſ. Itctl!. The naturall vieſ of the ſe ueral partſ of Oxen. How to fatte cattaile. Aſtrangent= port of a fat Co, if true, 8+ the medring and K ye Raſliſ, FuMinerint The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. nmrade combeſ, haftſ forknineſ, and the ancientſ hanue vſed them for cupſ to drinke in, and for thiſ cauſe waſ Barehwſ painted with horneſ, and Czrazer waſtaken for a cup, which iſ derived of Kvra a horue: In like manner the firſt Trompetſ were made of horneſ aſ /#— gill alludeth vnto thiſ ſentence, Raweo ſPrepuerunt:corana cantu, and now a daieſ it iſ be— comefamilier for the carriage of Gun—pduder in warre; Itiſ reported by ſomehuſband— men, that if ſeede be caſt into the earth ottt ofan Oxeſ horme( called in old time Ceraſbo — la)by reaſon of a certaine coldneſſe, it well never ſpringvp wellout of the earth, at the leaſt not ſo wellaſ when'it iſ ſowed withthehand of\ man. Theirſkinne iſ vſedfor ſhooeſ, Garmentſ, and Gummeybecauſe of a ſpongy matter therein contayned, alſo to make Gun—pouder, and it iſ vſed innauigation when a ſhot hath pierced: the ſideſ of the ſhip, preſently they clap'a raw Oxe hyde to the mouth ofthe breach, which inſtantly keepeth the Wiater fromentting in : likewiſe they were wontto make Bucklerſ or ſhieldeſ of the hideſ of Oxen and Bugilſ, and the feuen—foldedor doubled ſhield of A/ax, waſ nothing elſe butaſbield made ofan Oxe hyde, fo many timeſ layed one piece vpon another, which cauſed Aunaer to callit Suceſ heptabocion. Oftheteeth of Oxen Iknow no other vſe but ſcraping and making Paper ſmooth with thein 5 their gallbeing ſprinkledamong ſeede which iſ tobeſowen makethit come vppe quickly, andkilleth feld—miſe that taſtofit, and iviſthe bayne or poyſon ofthoſecrea— tureſ : {o that they will not come neete to it, no not in bread if they diſcerne.it; and birdſ iftbey eate corne touched with an Oxeſ gall put into hotwater firſt cof all, and the leeſ ,Of Wync, they wax thereby aſtoniſhed : likewiſe Emimetſ will not comevppon thoſe placeſ where thereremainech any ſauour of thiſ gaill ; and for thiſ cauſe theyoanoynt heerewith the tooreſ oftreeſ. The dung of Oxen iſ bene@ciallto Beeſ if the Hyuebce annoynted therewich, for itkilleth Spiderſ, Gnatſ; and drone—beeſ; and if gobdhcede benottaken, it will worke the like efet vpon the:Beeſ:themſelueſ : for thiſ catrſe they vſeroſmother or burne thiſ kinde ofdung vnderthe moutheſ ofthe Hineſ in the ſpring itime, whichſo diſplayeth and diſperſeth all the little enemy—beeſ in Bee—hiueſ thatthey neucr breed againe. Thereiſ a proucrbe of the ſtable of 4ngia 5 which Axgiawaſ ſo rich in cattell, that he defiled the countrey with their dung,, wherenpon thatproucrbe grewſ: when Zexculeſcame vnto him he promiſed him a part of hiſ countrey to purge thatſta— biz» which waſ not clenſed bythe yearely labour of 3000.Oxen,but Arreuleſ vndertaking thelabounr turned a Ryuer vponit, and ſo clenſedallLoWhen Apg#aſfaw that hiſ ſtablewaſ purged by art, and:nor by labouir , he denyedthe reward ;and becauſe Phylemſ hiſ eldeſt ſonnereproued himn fornotregarding a manto welldeſcruing, he caſthim out of hiſ fa mily for euer, cdiolidy " .x=bloo : rmicaue god (3 The manifoldvſeofthe memberſiof Oxen andKyein medicyne, now remainethto be briefely touched. The horne: beatemnto: poudcrz cureth the cough, eſpecially the typeſ or point of the horne, which iſ—alſey receiued.againſtthe priſicke, or ſhort breath made intopilſ with Hony:—/The pouder of a Coweſ: horne—:mixzed—with vineger; helpſ i+ wo o o eth/the morphew, being waſhed or annoynted therewith. Thefame infuſediatol the 40 Noſtrilſ; ſtayech the blecding: likewiſe mingled with watme water. and vinegerxginen £0 a Splexctickeman for three dayeſ together , it wonderfully worketh vpon thatp':{ffion: ofthufeaeſal POUEr of the hoofe ofan Oxe with water:put vpon. the kingſ Eutll helpethit, and:ith pHrttſ ofozen Wiater ancoHony ithelpeth the apoſterneſ.and Welling of the body: andtheſame biirſ negiaand putinto drinke; and given to a Woman thavlackethMilke, if encreaſeth milke andſtrengthepethhir vetymuch: Ochertaketherengticofa:cow; which theydryiſpllong, till it may.bſ beatedinto@ouder;and do give itto awoman in:whitemine: orbroathTha duſtof the heel@ofamoxeor ancle bong; raken in Wineandput to:the gummgſor c—ſiſiſicſſth. doefaſtentherbjand remorte the acheaway::The ribbeſ of oxen beaten:to; pou Slot doe ſtay thefluxe ofblood; and reſtrainthe aboundance of monthbly courſe@ſ in women. The ancleo!ſwhite dow layedforty daſe:amdnighteſ into wine; and rubbed.on the fiaccwnhv white lignetſ taketh ſpotſ andmaketh theſkinne looke very. cleare:ſ:l; o: +00!ſd [;1, !. . LWhereaman bitethadyrotherlining creaturej ſeechthe fcth .of aſoxe ot—a & 'ſ ſſdſi afterfiue dayeſ lay it toothe ſore, landit thall worke the caſe thereof, ſheflgg;zggg warmelayed to't he ſwellingſ ofthe body, caſeththem ; ſoalſo doethewarmeblood an d gallofthcſame beaſt. — ſ The Iſ 0 * Of the Oxe. 83 'The broath of beefe healeth the looſneſſe of the bellye, comming by reaſon of choler; and the broath of coweſ fleſh, or the marrow of a cow , healeth the vicerſ and chinkeſ of themouth. The ſkinne of an oxe [efpecially the leather thereof] worne in aſhooe, bur— — nedandapplyed to pimpleſ inthebody or face, cureth them. _ The ſkinne of the feete and Noſfe of an oxeor theepe, ſod ouer a ſoft and gentle fire, votill there ariſe a certaine ſcumme like to glue from it, and afterward dried in the cold »windyeaire,and drunk, help— eth [or atleaſt] eaſeth burſtneſſe very much. The marrowofan oxe, or the ſewet, helpeth the ſtrayneſ ofſinneweſ if they beanoin— ted therewith. If one make a ſmall candle of paper and coweſ marrow, ſetting the ſame on ro fire vnder hiſ broweſ or eye—lidſ which are balde, without haire,and often annoynting theplace, he ſhallhaue very decent and comely haire grow thereupon. Likewiſe the ſe— wet of oxen helpeth again{t all outward poyſon :{0 in all Leproſiceſ, botcheſ, and ſcurui— neſſe of the ſkinne, the ſame mingled with Gooſe greaſe, and poured into the eareſ, help— eth the deafeneſſe of them. It iſ alſo good againſt the inflammation of the eareſ, the ſtu— pidity and dulnefle of the teeth, the running of the eyeſ, the vicerſ and rimeſ of the mouth, and ſtiffeneſſe of the neck." Ifoneſ blood be liquidand aptto runne forth of the body, itmay be wellthickned and retayned, by drinking Oxe blood mingled with vine— ger : & the blood of a cow poured into a wound that bleedeth, ſta yeth the blood. Likwiſe the blood of Oxen cureth the ſcabſ in Dogſ. 20 Concetning their Milke,volumeſ may be written of the ſeuerall and manifold vertueſ thereof, for the Arcadianſ refuſed all medicine, onely in the ſ; pring time when their beaſtſ p;,,,, did eate graſſe, they dranke coweſ Milke, being perſwaded, that the vertue and vigour of A Hiſtory algoodhearbſ and frnitſ were receined and digeſted into that liquor;for they gaue it me— dicinally tothem which were ſicke of the Priſicke, of' conſumption, of an old cough, of the conſumption of the rayneſ, ofthe hardneſſe of the belly, and of all manner poyſonſ which burne inwardly ; which iſ alſo the opinion of all the Greeke Phyſitianſ : and the ſhellof a Walnut ſod in cow—milke and layed to the place where a ſerpent hathbitten, it curethit, and ſtayeth the poyſon. The ſame being new and warme Gargarized into the throate, helpeththe ſoreneſſe of 30 the kernelſ, andall payne in the arterieſ, and ſwelling in the throate and ſtomacke : and if any man bee in danger of a ſhort breath, let himtake daylieſofte pitch with the hearbe Mummic, andhaxtſ—ſuet clarified in a Cup/othewMilke, and it hathbeene proued very rofitable. &, Wherethe payneſ of the ſtomacke come by ſadneſſe, Melanchol y, or deſperation, drinke Cow—milke; Womanſ Milkke, or Affeſ—milke, wherein a flint—ſtone hath beehe ſodden. When one iſ ttroubled with a deſite of: going often to the ſtoole,and can egeſt nothing, let him drinke cow—milke and Aſſe—milke ſod togetherſ the ſame alſo heated with gadſ of Itron or Steele, and mingled with onefourth part of water, helpeth the bloody flix ; miogledwitha little Hony and a Bulſ gall, with cummin and gourdſ layed to the 4o Naucll: and ſome affirme, that cow—milke doth help conception, if a woman be troubled with the white fluke, 16 thathir wombe be indaungered, let her drinke a purgation for hir vpper parteſ, andafterward Aſleſ milke , laſt ofall let her drinke cow—milke and new wine, (forforty daieſ together ifneede be)ſomingledthatthe wine appeare not in the milke, and itſhall ſtay the fluxe. Butin the vſe of milke, the rule of Azpocrateſmuſt be continual— ly obſerted, that it be not vſed with any ſharpeottartliquor, for then it curdleth inthe ſtomack, andturneth into corruption. The whay .of cow—milke mingled withHony and ſalt, aſ much aſ the taſt will permitand drunke, looſeneth the hardneſſe of the Belly. Themarrow ofa cow mingledwitha litle meale; and with new cheeſe, wonderfully ſtayeth the bloodyflixe. It iſ affirmed;tharthere iſ inthe head of anoxe, a certainelittle go! ſtone, which onely in the feare ofdeath he caſteth out athiſ mouth, if thiſ ſtone be taken from them ſuddenly by cutting the head; it doch makexchildren to breed teeth eaſily, be— ingſoone tyed about them. If a man or woman, drinke of the ſamewater, whereofanoxe dronkealittle before, it wileaſe the head—ache : and inthe ſecond venter ofa cow there iſ a round blacke 720þ## found, beingofnowaight, which iſ accointed very profitable to Wommenin hatdcramaileſ of child—birth, The Liner of in oxeor cow dryzd, arf{d 4 runke The morral and external vſe of Oxen both for la— hour & other induſtry. Uarro. Heraclideſ The Hiſtor»y of Foure_—footed Beaſlſ. drunte in pouder, curerhthe fluxe ofblood. The gallofacow iſ more forcible in opera— tion then allother beaſteſ galſ whatſocuer. The gall of an Oze mixed with hony, draw— ethoutany thorne or point of a needle or other Itron thing out of the fieſh whereit ſtick— eth, Likewiſcicbeing mingled withalome and Myrrhe aſ thicke aſ hony, it cureth thoſe cuilſ whichcreepe andannoy the privy parteſ ; laying vpon it afterward Becteſ ſod in WWine. It willnotſufferthe Kingſ euilto grow Or ſpread it ſelfe ifit be laied vpon it at the be— ginning. Thehandſ waſhed in an oxeſ gall and water, are made white how blacke ſoeuer they were before time; andif pur-blind eyeſ be annoynted with the gal ofa blackecow, one may read any writing the more plainely : there iſ in the galof an oxea certaine litce ſtone like a ring, which the Phyloſopherſ cal Alcheren, [and ſome Gwerſ and Nuſſatum] which being beaten and held to oneſ Noſe, it cleareth the eyeſ, and maketh thatno hu— mour do diſtilto annoy them : and if onetake thereof the quantity of a linteilſeed, with the inyce of Becteſ, it iſ profitable againſt the falling euil. If one be deafe or thicke of hearing , take the galof an oxe and the vrine of a Goateſ; or the gallof a Geoſe : likewiſe, it eaſeth the head—achcin an Ague, and applyed to thetempleſ prouoketh ſleepe, and if the breaſtſ of a woman beannoynted therwithitkeepeſher milkefrom curdling. The melt ofan oxe iſ caten in hony for eaſing the payneſ of the melt in a man,and with the Skin that a calfe caſt out of hiſ danameſ belly, the vicerſ in the face are taken away : and if twenty headſ of Garlicke be beaten inan oxeſ bladder, with a pinte of vinegerand layed to the backe, it will cure the melt. It iſ likewiſe givenagainſtthe Spleene, and the cholicke made like a plaſter,and layed to the nauelitilone ſweat. Thevrine of an Oxe cauſetha cold ſtomacketorecouer,and T haue ſeen that the vrine ofacow, taken in Gargarizing ,didcure intollerable vicerſ in the mouth. Whenthebee hathtaſted ofthe flower of the corne—tree, ſhe preſently dyethby looſeneſſe of the bel— ly, exceptſhe taſt the vrine of a man or an Oxe. There are likewiſe many vſeſ ofthedung of Oxen made in Phy ſicke, whereofauthorſ arefull, but eſpecially againſt the goute, plaſtering theſicke member therewith whot and newly made : andagainſt theDropſic, making a plaſter thereof with Barley meale and a little Brimſton aſperſed, to couer the belly of a man : And thuſ much for the natural pro— pertieſ of thiſ kind, now we will briefely proceed to the morall. ſ The morallvſeſ of thiſ beaſt, both in labour and other thingſ doth declare the dignity a_nd highaccount our forefatherſ made heereof, bothin vintage, harueſt, plowing, car— riage, drawing, ſacrificing, and making Leagueſ oftruce and peace; in ſomuchaſ, that if thiſ fayled, al tilage and vintage muſt in many placeſ of the world be vtterly put down; and in truth, neither theFouleſ of the aitre,nor the Horſſe for the battaile, nor the Swine and Doggeſ could haue no ſuſtenance butby the labor of Oxen : for although in ſome placeſthey have Muleſ, or Cammelſ;or Elephantſ, which help them in thiſ labour ,yet can therenocbe inany Nation a negle& of Oxen; and their reverence waſ ſo great, that jin auncienttime when an offendor waſ to befined inhiſ cattel [aſ al amerciamentſ were in thoſe daieſ] the Iudge mightnotnamean Oxe, vntil he hadfirſt named a Sheepe ; and they fined aſmaloffence at two ſheepe and not vnder, and the greateſt offence criminal atthirty oxenandnot aboue, which were redeemed, by giuing for enery oxe an hundrc(i Afſeſ, andten for eneryſheepe. _ Itiſ ſomequeſtionamong the ancientſ, who did firſtioyne Oxen together for plow— ing: ſome affirming, that Ariſtenſfirſtlearnedit of the Nymphſ, in the Iſland Co : and Diſ— doruſ affirmeth, that Dioniſiuſ Sonne of Iupiter, and Gereſ or Proſerpina, didfirſt ofalin— uent the plow. Some attributeit to Srigeſ the Athenian, other to T7 riptolemuſ, Ofivxiſ , Ha— bideſ aKing of Spaine 5and/rgill afirmeth moſt conſtantly, that it waſ Cezeſ aſ a ſiear— xeth by thiſ verſe; PP PrimaCereſ firra mortaleſ vertere terram, Inſtituit,crc. I Whereunto agreeth Serwigſ : but I rather encline to Io/@phwſ, LacZantiuſ, and Enſebi— #ſ, who affirme; thatlong beforecereſ waſ borne, or Ofiyiſ, or Hercule 5S,or ,ctſi;, ofthereſi— due, their waſ a pradiſe of plowing, bothamong the Hzebreweſ and the Egyprienſ ; and y there— 10 2@ 39 49 Of the Oxe. 85 thereforeaſ theGod of plowing called by the Romaineſ Tigutinuſ (becauſe of yoaking Oxen) waſ a fondaberrationfrom:thetruth, ſo are the reſidue of their inuentionſ 3 about thefirſt man thattilled with Oxen : ſeeing that it iſſaide of Cair and Noah, that the y were huſbandmen and tilled the earth. The Athenianſ had three ſeverall plow—feaſteſ which eAugaſtinnſ theyobſerued yearely, one in Sr/rgſ, the other in Rharia, and the chirde vnder Pelintuſ: and they called their marriage feaſtſ plow—ſeaſonſ, becauſe then they endeuored by the fſeedofman tomultiply the world, in procreation of children;aſ they did by the plow to encreaſefood in the earth. t The Grzcianſ had akind of wrtiting called zou/fraphedow, which beganne, turned and o ended aſ the Oxen doe in plowing 2 fur_rowjſicpncinuing from the left hande to the right, andfrom the right handto the leftagaine, which no man couldread, but heethat turned thePaper or tableateuery lineſ end. It iſ alſo certaine, that in auncienttime, the leagueſ of ttuceand peace were written in an Oxeſ hide; aſ appeareth by that peace which waſ made by Targuininſ, betwixt the Romaineſ and the Gaby, the which waſ hanged vp in the: Femple of Iupiter, aſ Drioyi/iyſ and Po#peinſ Sextuſ affirme ( in the likeneſſe of a buckler or ſhield : yand the chiefe headſ of that peace remained legible inthathide, vnto:their time, and therefore the ancientſ called the Oxeſ hide a ſhield,in regard that by that concluſion ofpeace,they were defended from the warſ of the Gaby. And there werecertaine people called Aomolor:?i by Aerodornſ, who were woont to ſtrike vp their leagueſ of peace after Warreand contention,by cutting an Oxe into ſinal 2 peeceſ, which were deuided among the people that were to be vnited, in token of an in— ſeperablevnion. There be that affirme,;that a Teame or yoake of Oxen, takingſixor ei gbe to the Teame, will plow cuery yeare,, or rather euery ſeaſon a hyde of ground 5 that iſ, aſ ſomeaccount,20.Manſa,or in Engliſh and German account, 30.Acreſ : which hath gor _yor ten the name J»ger4 from thiſ occaſion, aſ Euſkarhinſ, and varinuſ report.When Sychenſ AHiſtory the huſband of D#do, who waſ Daughter of Agemor and ſiſter to Pigmalion, wandered too and fro inthe world with great ſtore of treaſure , hee waſ {laine by Ptſigmalionſecrctly, in, hope to get hiſ wealth:After which time.,it iſ ſaide that he appeared to hiſ wife D/do,bid— ding her to ſaue her life from her cruellbrother; who more eſteemed money then nature, ſhe fled into Lybia, taking with her ſome Zyriamſ, among whome ſhe had dwelled, and a 3©— competent ſum of money : who being comethither, craued of Lazbaſ King of Nomadeſ, to give her but ſo muchland aſ ſhe could compaſſe in with an oxeſ hide, which with much ado ſhe obtained, and then did cut an Oxeſ ſkinne into ſmal and narrow thongſ or liſteſ, wherewithall ſhee compaſſed info muchaſ builded the large citty of carzthage, and firſte of all waſ called the newe cittye, and the caſtlethereof 2y»/4 5 which ſignifieth a Hyde. & < yEuſtdt/ziM alſoreportethanother ſtory to the building of thiſ citty;nainely that it waſ called carrhage of one of the Daughterſ of ZBerexleſ; and that when Z/i/a and the other companionſ of Dido came thither to digge for the foundation of the citty, they found an Oxeſ head, whereupon they were diſcouraged to build there any more, ſuppoſing that 40 Omen betokened euill vatothem, and a perpetuall ſlanery inlabour and miſery, ſuch aſ Oxen live in, but afterward they tryed in another corner of that grounde, wherein they found a Horſſeſ head which they acceptedfor agoodſignification ofricheſ honor,mag— nanimity,and pleaſure,becauſe Horſſeſ hane al food and maintainance prouidedfor the. C"" Among the Egyptianſ they paint a Lyon for ſtrength,an Ozxe forlabor, and a horſe for magnanimity and corage, & the Image of Myrtha which among the Perſianſ ſignifieth the Sunne, iſ pictured in the face of a Lyon holding the horneſ of a ſtriuing Oxein both Gyralduſ bandſ, whereby they ſignifie that the Moon doth receiue light from the Sunne, when ſhe beginneth to be ſeperared from her beameſ. There iſ inthe coaſteſ of Babylon a gemme or preciouſ ſtonelike the hearte of an 50 Oxe, and there iſ anothet called Sarciteſ, which repreſenteth the fieſh of an Oxe. The p auncienteſ had likewiſeſo great regarde of thiſ Beaſt, that they would neither ſactifice nor eate of a labouring Oxe; wherefore Herculeſ waſ condemned when he had deſired meate of Theodomantiſ in Dyrop:a for hiſ hungry companion the Sonne of Hy/a, be— cauſe by violence he tooke from him one of hiſ Oxen and ſlewe him. A erowned Oxe waſ alſo among the Romaneſaſigncof peace, for the Souldiorſ which kept the Ca— ſHe 2 lin]. I, I $6 Oxen afnd piſ. A hiſtory | Hevodotuſ ahiſtory ſter mino— auTuS o AMarceliuſ The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. fileof Avazhorneerothoriner Enphrateſ againſt Julinnkſ: andbiſ Aring,whenthey yeel— dedthemſelueſ to mercy,they diſcended trom the Caftle, driuing before thema crowſ ned Oxe:from thiſ manifoldneceſityandidignity of thiſ beaſticame the 1dolatrouſ cu— ">ftome of the Heathenſ and eſpecially the Egytianſ ,for they haue worſhipped him inftead Idolatry c6— mitted with Kye, of the choiſe of A— Of the pitu reſ of Oxen. Ofthemon— of God calling him Ap/aud Zpapheſ:whoſe choyſe waſ on thiſ foru He bad onhiſright ſide anexceeding ſplendent/wbiteſpot, andhiſ Horneſ crooking:—togither like the newe Moone, hanivg a great buach on hiſ tongue, which they call Garppbrnirmeither doothey ſufferhim to exceed a certaine number of yeareſ or grow very big, for theſe cauſeſthey give him not of the waterof AU/uſ to.drinke, but ofanother conſecrated well, whichhin— dereth hiſ growth : and alſo when hee iſ comcto hiſſullage, theykill him,"by drowtling 1 him in adother conſecrated wellof the Prieſtſ: whichbeing done they ſeeke with mour, ning another (hauing ſpaned; their headeſ) to ſubſtitute in hiſ place, wherein they arene— uer veryllong but they finde one, and then in a holyſhippe ſacred for that purpoſe, they tranſportand conucy himto Megphi (AndtheEgyprianſ didaccounthim a bleſſedand happy man, out ofwhoſe folde thePrieſteſ had taken that Oxe—God. | He hathtwo Tem— pleſereGed for him, which they cal hiſ chamberſ, where he giveth foorth hiſ anguriſmſ, aunſiwering nonebut children andyoutheſ playing before hiſ Templeſ: andrefuling aged perſonſ eſpecially Women, and if anyinot facted happen to enter into one of hiſ Tem— pleſ, he dieth for ir, andif into the otheritfore—ſhewethſome monſtrouſ curſled enuent, aſ they fondly imagine. The mariner of hiſ anſwereſ iſ privately tothem that give himmeat,; taking itattheyr E handſ, and they obſeruz with greatreligion that when Germaziceſ the Emperour came to aſke counſellothim, he turned from him and woulde not takemeate at hiſ hande;that preſently aftet he waſ flaine.Once in a yeare theythew:him a Cow, with ſuch markeſ aſ he Jhath, andalway they put him to death vpon the ſame day of the weeke that he waſ founde, and in Auſ neere Memwphiſ there waſaplace called Phialſ where werepreſerued a Golden and afiluer difhſ; which vpon the birth or—caluing daieſ of Ap/, they threw down intothe rinerand thoſe daieſ wereſeauen, wherein they affirme that neuer man waſ hurt by.Cro— codilſ, The Egyptianſdoalſo contecratean Oxeto the Moone, and a Cow to Vrazia. Itiſ 9 20 reported that Myjcer/@xſ C. ofEgypt, fellin lonewith hiſ own Daughter : and by violence .4 did rayiſhiher, ſheevotable to endure the conſcience of ſuchafact, hanged her ſelfe : whereupon theKing herimpurefathe?; did bury her in a wooden Oxe, and ſo placed her Amafecret place or chamber, to whome daily they offermany odourſ, but the mother of the maiden did cut off the kandſ of thoſe Virginſor women that attended on her Daugh— ter and wouldnotreſcucher fromſo vile a contempt: There were alſo many other picturſ of Oxeh,aſ in coreyraand Eretria, and moſtfamouſ waſ that of pezil/eſ which he made and preſentetto Phalar/ſ the Tyraunt of Agy/genr, Shewing him, that ifhe would torment a man, heſhouldput him into that Oxe ſet oucr a fire, and hiſ voice of crying ſhoulde bee like theloughing of a Heighfer, which thing being heard of the Tyraunt to 5hew hiſdete— ſtation af more ftrange inuented tormentſ then he had formerly vſed, he cauſed Peyillyſ 40 that preſented it vato him to be put into it aline , & ſo ſerting itoner afire, made experi— mert of the worke vpon the workemai, who bellowed like a Cow, and wasjſo corme}:]ted to death for that damnable and daungerouſ inuention, which cauſ)ed Onid to write thuſ : Et pholaxiſ Tawro violentuſ membr a perilli : " \ Torrauit,infeelix innlouir author opuſ. Whenan Oxeor a Cow inauntient time did die of themſelueſ, ( Viz :) if itwere an Oxe they.buried him vnder thewalſ of ſome Citty, leauing hiſ Horneſ ſticking viſibly out % the earth, 10 ſignifie the place ofhiſ buriall, for when hiſ fleſh waſ conſumed chey tool? itvp againe, and buried the boneſ in the Templeſ of Fezuſ in other placeſ : bſſut tſſe bod; ofadcade cowe they caſtinto ſome great Ri ioyvni 1 + > C y ome great Riverneereadioyning. The Poetſ haue fained # acerraine Monſter called Mzorawrwſ, hauing in part the forme of a man, and in part th forme of a Bull; and they ſay that Paſſzhac the Daughter of the ſunne an:i wife o}} Irl; er King ofereer: ſellinloue witha Bull, and by the helpeof Dedaluſſhe was, included in form den heifer couered with a cowſ hide,and ſo had copulation with the bul. ſo cametl er ſter which »/205 included in alaborinth,& conſtraind the Azhewjapſ w}):ohad ſlain1 ?t'n}on Androgenſto fend enery year ſeauen young men, and 7 . maideſ to be ginento that] :;:1: ſter Of the Oxe 87 ſter to feedevppon, for heewoulde eate manneſ fieſh. At laſ|7} heſeuſ ſonneof Agenſ; king of A#henſ came into that laborinth, and ſlewe that Mipprawre, and by the helpe of A— riadne eſcaped out of the laborinth. Other relate the ſtory in thiſ manner ; that when the Gretenſianſ woulde haue expelled Mizoſ frombiſ kingdome ; hee vowed that whatſoe— verlikeneſſe firſte appeared out of the ſea for ſigne of viGorie vnto him, he vowed ſactri— fice it to the goddeſ, if hee did enioy hiſ regiment : and thereuppon a goodly Bull came vnto him out of the ſea, wherewithall he waſ delighted : Butafter hee had reconeredhiſ kingdome in quiet, he kepte that Bull in hiſ owne handeſ and ſacrificed another, and that by thiſ Bull waſ the Myzorawre begorten on hiſ wife Paſſphae. But the trueth iſ, that when 10 Minoſ waſ in daunger to looſe hiſ kingdome, one TaW7wſ, a valiant Prince and Captaine; camewitha Nauie of good ſouldiourſ, and eſtabliſhed him in quiet. Afrerwarde falling in lone with P4ſſphae king Minoſ wife, he lay with her in the houſe of Dedalwſ : which De. daluſ wrought with the Queen to give him hiſ pleaſure,and that the Mpozawre waſ a mon— ſter in C7reere that had the face of an Oxe, and the other memberſlike a man,, ſuch an one waſ feene in Ayiſtorleſ time. Although other take itforaficion ; becauſe the Romaineſ had it pictured in their enſigneſ of warre, vntill Caiwſ Mariwſ altered it to an Eagle, which remaineth to thiſ day. A/ciatſſ yeeldeth thiſ reaſon why the Romanſ gaueſuch an armeſ; to ſignifie that ſecrecy becommeth a captain ,and that proud and crafty counſelſ do huret theauthorſ of them. 29 Limine quod caro obſcura & valigine monſtrum, Depictum Romana phalanx in prelia geſfat Noſque monent debere ducem ſecretalatere, Gpoſtaciſ clanſit Dedaluſ in latebr iſ Seminirogque nitent ſigna ſuperba boue : Confſilia anthori cognita techita norent. It iſ reported alſo, that when Cadr—»ſ went from Delphoſ to Phociſ, an Oxe did direGe him in the way and waſ hiſ guide ; which Oxe waſ bought out of the heardſ of. Pelagon,ha— uing in both hiſ ſideſ a white ſpot : it muſt needſ be vnderſtood of themoone,for Cadmwſ flying by night hauing the moone to ſhine vpon him (which iſ hyeroglyphically deciphe— ' ©30 redby the Oxe,) gaue himlight and direction to another city. It were endleſ to proſecute the ſenerall ſpeecheſ, prouerbſ, alluſionſ, emblemſ, playeſ, prizeſ, hyeroplyphickſ, and deuiſeſ, made vpon Oxen ; whereby, not onely men and women, citieſ,regionſ, and peo— ple hane taken denomination from Oxen ; but alſo ſome of the ſtarreſ in the firmament : therefore I will not proceede to thoſe deuiſeſ, but onely touche theſacrificeſ made with Oxen, and ſo conclude thiſ ſtory. It cannot be denied that the prime inſtitution of ſacrificeſ,waſ from;by ,and for the or— dinance of god;to teachthe world to woorſhip him in bloud for ſin ,which couldenot be expiated but by the bloud of the onely immaculate ſon and lambe of god ; and therefore I wilbut remember how corruption polluted that ordinance, which waſ purely without idle 40 cerimonieſ inſtituted by the euerlaſting god ; and yet waſ by manſ inuention made wret— ched, horrible, and damnable, through abuſe of the fad that otherwiſe by divuine conſti— tution(aſ appeareſ in holy ſcripture)ywaſ heauenly,honoutable, and bleſſed. Tobegin therefore with the originall of that heatheniſh and paganitſh ſacrifice, inſtead of god the only trueand devuine eſſence,to whomalſactificeand deuine worſhip waſ due, and whoſe creatureſ both men, oxen, and all othet liuing and viſible thingſ are, they offe. red voto all the hoaſtſ of heauen, the ſun, and ſtarſ,the heathen godſ Impiter, Marſ, Miner — #a,Pandriſuſ ,and otherſ: and ifthe ſacrifice were coſtly and ſumptuouſ,itwaſ called Zecſ. tombe. Now before their ſacrifice they made praierſ, burnd incenſe, for odorſ preſented Prothymeſ (aſ they were termed) certaine preparationſand cakeſ made of barley and{alt, 5o (called v/lochyre. y After which, the prieſte turned him ſometimeſto the righthand, and ſometimeſ to the left, and then began to take the griſtle haireſ growing on the Oxeſfore— headbetwixt hiſ hornſ,making a taſt of them, and caſting them in the fire to begin the ſa— crifice. Then did he give into the handſ of the people ſtanding by, little potſ of winelike— wiſe,to taſte for ſacrifice, and then hee which killed the beaſte drewe hiſ knife, or axe, or cleauer, from the headeto the tayle of the beaſte. Nowe ineucry ſacrifice they hadde 12 burning T he definiti— on and name The etymo—, logy of Vitu— luſ \ T he Hiſtorie of FEoure—footed Beaſiſ. . butning torcheſ, which were lawfull for none to carry butfor men,andnot womenſ, then the pricſtcommaunded tokilltheſactifice, which ſometime they did by knocking him on the head if the beaſtwereto be ſacrificed to hal, and thoſe that weere therein, forthey ſa— crificed a barren Gowe,or a blacke Sheepe to thole ghoſteſ. Butif the ſacrifice were for heauen,andto the powerſ thereof,they lifted vp hiſ headeand cut hiſ throate: then put they vnder him their Sphag/iar veſſelleſ to receiue hiſ bloud, and when the beatt waſ falne downe, they flayed off hiſ Skinne. . hore Then did the Prieſt or F/amer deuide the intralſ, that ſo he might make hiſ augutiſine (thebowelſ being prouedatthealtar.y Hauing loked into the bowclsſitfx'cy took out of eue— ry—guite, member and part; a firſtfruiteſ;,mo alded them together in the meale ofgreene wheat corne, then waſ it given to the Prieſt,who put thereunto franklncenſc,}ctzqrbe mary, and fite, and {0 burned themialrogethet,which waſ called a perfect hoſte. But if they ſacii— ficed to the godſ of the ſta, then didthey firſtof allwaue the bowelſ of the beaſte in the ſea floudſ before it waſ burned. Thebeit tacrificeſ were farted and white Oxen or Kine, ſuch aſ had nener been vnder yoake, for the beatt vſed to labour waſ accounted vnclcane they neuer offered in ſactificeohe vader thirty dayeſ olde, nor oucr fiue yeareſ by thelaweſ of the Pricftſ.:When the Spayzawer onercame their enimieſ by ſtratagem.,they ſacrificed to Ma#ſan oxe, but when by open force, they ſacriſiced a cocke, for rſſf)a::y eſtcemedmoreof an vnbloudy then a bloudy viGtory. When a man ſacrificed a Cowe.to Mixerwa, he waſ bound to ſacrifice a Sheepe and an Oxe to Pandryſuſ. When the Locrenſzanſ in a publike ſpectacle wouldemake a ſacrifice, they wantedan Oxe, for which cauſe they gathered together ſo many 'ſtickſ of ſmall woode, aſ made the image of an Oxe artificially contoyned togither, and ſo ſetting it on fire burned it for an offering : whereuppon a Lecreaſian. Oxe, waſ an ironicall prouerbe for a ſacrifice ofno weight or merrite. Itiſalſoreported that anifeyfer being brought to the altar of Mimer— uatrobeſacrificed did there Calue, wherefore the Prieſtſ would not meddle withher, but let her goe away free; becauſe Afxerna waſ the goddeſle of procreation ; holding it an im— piouſ thing to kill that in ſacrifice which had broughte foorth a young one at the altar : to conclude, aſ Fegeriaſ ſaith, that on a time Inſtice waſ ſo offended with men becauſe they imbrewed enery altar withthe bloud of Oxen and cattell;that therefore ſhe lefte the earth, and retired back againe to dwellamnongthe ſtarreſ :ſo will we in thiſ diſcourſeceaſe from any further proſecution of the morrallor natural deſcription of theſe beaſt:,leauing their hawfullvſe.to the neceſſity of mankinde, and their abuſiue idolatrouſ ſacrificeſ to him that lonethallhiſ creatureſ, and will require at manſ hand an account of the lifeand bloude of brute beaſteſ. | QEFKHE—GALFE., Calfe, iſ a younng or late enixed Bullor Cow, which iſ called ofan Oxe. Yet RabbiSzlomon, and Abraham Eſra ,expound Egelfor a Calfe of one yeare old. The Sarazenſ of that word call a Calte Zeſel. The Grecianſ My/choſ, whereof iſ derined Moſchartoſ,but at thiſ day they call him Monſkari,or Moſcha— 7re. The Italianſ Fire/lethe French Veaw, the Spaniardeſ Ter— nera Of teneritado, lignifying tenderneſſe, and ſomtimeſ ge— zeron and Vezerro ,the Germaneſ Ein Kilbythe Flemmingſ LE * &J Kalf,and the Latineſ ity/wſ, of the old worde Firw/or ſient— fying to be wanton,for Calueſ are exceedingly given to ſport and wantonneſ 5 or aſ ocghcr ſuppoſe, from the greeke worde Ita/Jomſ came Vituluſ, and therefore the Latiſies doenot alway rakeizalaſ for a young or newe—foaled beaſte, but ſometime for a Cow, aſ Virgill Acclog. \ f re Ego hane vitulami(neforte recuſeſ.) Biſ venit ad mulitram binoſ alit vbere fortuſ. Depone, > 0 20 we a and / 6 in Ebrew Egel or Par : and ſometimeſ Bea—bakar, theſonne 4 0 10 20 50 Of the (alfe 89 And thiſword (like the Greeke AG/@05) ſignifieth maleandfemale : whereuntob y di— uerſ authourſ both Greeke and Latine, are added diverſ epithiteſ by way of explication, both of the condition, inclination, and vſe of thiſ yong beaſt; calling it wilde, ripe for the templeſ, vnarmed, weake, ſucklingſ,te nder,wandring, vnhorned, and ſuch like. And be— TÞe '—'Pfflſhſts cauſe the Poetſfaine that 27 waſ turned into a Cow, and that the violet heatb waſ aſſigned Ett by Impiter for her meate; they derineviola, a violet, from Virula a Calfe , by a kind 6ſgrc- cian imitation, | It iſ alſocertaine that thehonour of thiſ young beaſt hath given denomination to ſome uU+,, men, aſ Poppeninuſ Vituluſ andVituluſ Niger Turaminuſ,and Vitelliuſ waſ derined from thiſ Men named ſtemme or theame, although hee werean Emperour. The like may beſaide of Moſchoſ in *** "** Greeke, ſignifying a Calfe, for there waſ one Moſchuſ a Sophiſtethardranke nothing but water, and there waſ another Mo/chwſ a gramarian of Syracuſe, whome Athanenſ docthre— corde waſ a familiar of Ar/#/Zarehwſ, and alſo of another, a poet of the Bucolictkeſ; and thiſ ſeruethto ſhewe vſ, that the lone our aunceſtourſ bare vnto cattell, appeered in taking vp— pon them their nameſ, and were not aſhamed in thoſe elder timeſ, wherein wiſdome and inuention waſ moſt pregnable, to glory intheir heardſ from which they receined main— tenance. But to the purpoſe, that which ſ ſaid oftheſeuerallpartſ of an Oxe and a Cowe, belongethalſo to a Calfe 5 for their anaromy differeth not, becauſe they are conceined andgenerated by them , and in them : and alſo their birth and other ſuch thingeſ concer— ning that, muſtbe inquired in the diſcourſe of a Cow. I fectert It iſ reported by an obſcure authout, that if thehoofe of a Calfebe notabſolued or fi— he hoor:.: niſhed in the dammeſ belly beforethetime of caluing,, it will dye. And alſo it muſtbe ob— ſerued, that the ſame diſeaſeſ which doe infeſteand harme an Oxe,do alſo befall Calfeſ, to their extreame perill : but they areto be cured by the fime forenamed remedieſ . And aboue thereſidue, theſeyoung beaſtſ are trobled with wormeſ, which are ingendered by The diſeaſtſ crudity, but their cure iſ to keepethem faſtingtill they have well diſgeſted their meate, ****'** andthen take lupineſ halfe ſod, and halfe rawe, beaten together, and let the inicethereof The cure of be powred downe hiſ throate 5 otherwiſe;take dry figgeſ and fitcheſ beaten together with wormeſ Santonica, called Lanender cotten, and ſo put it downethe Calueſ throate aſ aforeſaid,or elſe thefatte of a Calfeand marrubewith the inice of leckeſ,,will certainly kill theſe euelſ. It iſ the manner to regard what Calueſ you willkeepe, and what you will make of and kill either for ſacrifice aſ in ancienttime,or priuate vſe and to marke and name thoſe that are to be reſerued for breed and labour, according to theſe verſeſ. Poſ? partum curain vituloſ traducitur ommniſ Et quoſ aut pecori malint ſubmittere habendo. Continnogue not aſ Cr nomina gentiſinurunt, Aut ariſ ſeruare ſacriſ aut ſcindere terr am » Et campum horrentefractiſ innertere glebiſ. And all theſe thingſ are to be perfourmed immediatly aftertheir weaning : and then in the next place youmuſtregard to gelde the maleſ, which iſ to be perfourmed in Iune,or aſ Magwſ ſaith in May , or at the fartheſtlet them not be aboue a yeare olde, for elſe they will grow very deformed and ſmall : but if youlibbe them after two yeareſ olde, they will prove ſtubborneand intraQable, wherefore it iſ better to gelde them whilethey be EE PNe ne! oneſ, which iſto be perfourmednot with any knife or yron inſtrumente, becauſe it will Zſ fat u drawmuch bloud, and indanger the beaſtthoroug h paine, but rather with a clouen reed or ſticke, preſſing it together by litle and litle : but ifit happen that one of a yeare ortwoe yeareſ olde beto be libbed, then you muſtvſe a ſharpe knife, after you haue preſſedthe ſtoneſ into the coddeſ, and cut them out at one ſtroake,and for ſtanching of the bloud,let Ariſfor%e the cod,, and the endſ of the vaineſ be ſearedwith an hot iron, and ſo the wound iſ cured /@#"— aſ ſoone aſit iſ made. T tme And now the time for the effecting hereof, iſ beſt in the waine of the moone, either in the ſpring or autumne ; but it iſ pood to leaue aſ many of the vaineſ and nerneſ of the vi— rile member vntouched and whole aſ may be, that ſo he may not looſeany condition of amale, except the power of generation. And if the wound be ouermuch givento bleede, lay vpon it aſtieſ with the ſpure of ſiluer,which iſ apt to ſtanch bloud in all green woundſ; I_3 5 and To chooſe caluſ for ſtor 90 Dalladiuſ. fotun. (ollumelia Uarre. Food for Calueſ Sacrificeſ of Calueſ, Pluy Cealinſ Toſepluſ A wonder. Monſterſ of calueſ. Nic:villagag *The fleſh of calueſ Plizy. Of the medi cineſ. . eMearcelluſ T he Hfflozſiicſi of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. and that day lethim not drinkeand eate but a very little meate : for three daieſ after give him greenetopſ or graſle, ſoft and eaſie to chewe, and.ac ch_c third daieſ end, annoynt the wound with liquid pitch, aſheſ, and a little oyle, which will ſooner cure the ſcar and keepethe.flieſ from ttinging or harmingit. If atany time a cow caſther calfe, you may put vnto her another calfe, that hath not ſucke ynough from hiſ owne Damme; and they vſeinſome countrieſ togine their calueſ Wheate—branne, and barlc_y-mcalc, andten— der meate, eſpecially regarding that they drinke morning and evening. Letthem not lye together in the night with their Danmime, butaſunder, vntill their ſucking time, and thenimmediately ſeparate them againe, vnleſſe the cow be well fed when the calfe ſuck— eth,hir ordinary foode will yeald no great trybute of Milke ; and forſſ thiſ cauſe, you muſtbeginnetogine the calfe greene meate betimeſ. Afterward being weaned, you may ſuffer thoſe young oneſ to feed with their Damſ in the Autumne, which were calued in the ſpring. Then in the next place, you muſt regard the taming of the beaſt, being ready for labour, which iſ expreſſed in the former treatiſe of an Oxe. Theauncientſ called /id/o,/a by thename of the Goddeſſe Vizula, bycauſe they ſacri— ficed vnto hir calueſ, which waſ termed a Vite/atio»: and thiſ waſ vſuallfor viGtory and plenty , aſ iſ to bee ſeeneat large in Giralduſ, Macrobiuſ, Noniuſ, Onid, and Virgill : but 10 the heathenſ had thiſ knowledge, that their Godſ would not accept at their handſ a ame * calfe for a ſacrifice, although it were broght to the altar, and if the taile ofthe calfe did not touch the ioynteſ of hiſ hinder legſ, they did not receive him for ſacrifice. And it iſ ſaid of Emilinſ Pauluſ, when he waſ to goe againſt the Aacedewianſ, hee ſacrificed to the Moone in her declination eleuencalfeſ. It iſ very ſtrange, that a calfe being ready to be ſacrificed at the Temple of Jera/alew, brought forth a Lambe which waſ one fore— ſhewing ſigne of Jery/alemſ deſtruGion. But Ariſtole declareth, that in hiſ time , there waſ a calfe that had the head of a child, and in Zacer//aa Towne of Zelwetia, waſ there a calfe which in hiſ hinder partſ waſ a Hart. 5 —_ When Charleſ the fiſth went with hiſ Armye into A/igue and arivedat Zarghera a Noble citty of Sardinia,there happened an exceeding great wonder, for an Oxe brought forth a calfe withtwo headeſ, and the Woman thatdid owe the Oxe, preſented the calfe to the Emperor, and ſincethat time Thaue ſeene the piure of a more ſtrange beaſt cal— ued at Zoppa,in the Biſhopricke of Coleſ, which hadtwo headeſ, one ofthem in theſide not bigger then a Hareſ head, andtwo bodieſ ioyned trogether ; whereof the hinder. parteſ wereſmooth and bald, but the taile blacke and hayrie : it had alſo ſeauen feete, whereof one had three hoofeſ, thiſ Monſter lined a little while, and waſ brought forth in An: 15 52 the 16. day of May, to the wonder and admitation of allthem, who either knewtbetruth, or had ſeenethe picture. Butcherſ arewont to buy calueſ for to killand ſelltheir fleſh, for in all creatureſ, the fleſh of the young oneſ are muchbetter then the elder, becauſe they are moyſtand ſoft, and therefore wil digeſtand concocte more eaſie : and for thiſ cauſe Kidſ, Lambeſ, and Calueſ, arenot out ofſeaſon in any time of the yeare; andaregoodfrom fifteenedaieſ 20 to two montheſ old, being ornamentſ to the Tableſ of great Noble men, which cauſed ** Fierato make thiſ Diſfichon: Aſfiduoſ habeant vitulum tua prandiainvſuſ cui madida & ſapida iund a tepore caro eſt. | And principally the Germazeſ vie the chawtherne, the head, and the feete, for the be— ginning oftheir mealeſ ,and the other partſ either roaſted , or baked, and ſometime ſod in broath, and then buttered, ſpiced and ſauced, and eaten with Onyonſ. The Medicineſ ariſing from thiſ beaſt, are theſame that come from other hiſ ſireſ be— fore ſpoken off, and eſpecially the fleſh of a calfe doeth keepe the ſleth of a new wound (if itbeapplyed thereunto) from ſwelling, and being ſodden it iſ preciouſ againſtthe bi: tingſ of a manſ teeth : and when a mad Doggehath bitten a man or a beaſt, they"ſeto pare the wound to the quicke, and hauing ſodden veale mingled with the ſewet and heele they lay ſome to the wound, and make the patient drinke ofthe broath: andtheſame broath iſ Soncraigne againſt all the bitingſ of Serpenteſ. The horneſ of a Calfe ſodde ſoft, are good againſtallintoxicate poyſon, and eſpecially Hemlock. The poulderof 2 on Of the Cacnſ. . 91 a Calueſ thigh drunkein Womanſ Milke, cureth all filthy running vicerſ, and out of the 27 braine of a calfethey make an oyntment, to looſen the hardneſſe of the belly. The mar— . _. trow ſoftneth all the ioynteſ, driveth away the buncheſ ariſing in the body; hauing an Nicander operation to ſoften, fill, dry and heate. TakeOyle, Waxe, ruſt, and themarrow of a p », Calfe, againſiallbounchcs inthe facc_z : and calueſ marrow with an equil quantity of whay, * Oyle, Roſe—cakeand an Egge, do ſoften the hardneſſe of the cheekeſ and eyc—lidſ, being Adarcelluſ Laied to for a playſter : and theſame mixed with Cumin, and infuſed into the eareſ, hea— leth the paineſ of them ; and alſo eaſeth the vicerſ in the mouth. Themarrow with the ſewet compoſed together, curethall vicerſ and corruptionſ in #e theſecretſ of Men and Women. Thefatpounded with ſalt, cureth the louzye euill, ? lingſ and likewiſe the vicerouſ foreſ in the head. The ſame mixed with the fatof a Goofe, and the inyce of Bai{ill or wild Cumyn ; and infuſed into the eareſ, helpeth deafeneſſe and Mat paineſ thereof. The fat taken out of the thigh of a Calfe, and ſod in three porringerſ of water and ſupped vp, iſ good for them thathaue the flux: and the dung of a calfefryed in apan, layed to the buttockſ and ſecretſ, dothwonderfully curethe bloody flixe : alſo lay— 7eayenyſ edtotheraineſ, prouokech vrine, and ſod with rue, cureth all the inflamationſ in the ſeate ofaman or woman. The ſewet of a calfe with a/re aſwageththe ſwelling of the codſ,being _ applied to them like a plaiſter : and the ſewet alone, doth curethe pieling of the Nayleſ. pliny. Theliner with ſage leaneſ cut rogether, and preſſed toaliquor, being drunke, eaſeththe 29 paine in the ſimall of the belly. The gall mingled with poulder of a Hartſ horne, and the ſeede of Marioram, cureth Leproſieſ and ſcurfeſ, and the gallalone annoynted vpon the head, drineth away nitteſ. The melt of a calfe iſ good for the melt of a man ,and for vicerſ in themouth ; and glew made of hiſ ſtoneſ, aſthickeaſ hony ,and annoynted vpon thele— prouſ place, cureth the ſame, if itbeſuffered to dry thereupon. With the dung of calueſ they perfume the placeſ which are hurt with Scorpionſ, and the aſheſ of thiſ dunge with vineger , ſtayeth blecding : Marre//zſ magnifieth itaboue meaſure, for the cure of the gout,, to take the fime of a calfe which never eate graſſe, mix— ed with leeſ of vineger, and alſo for the deafeneſſe of the eareſ, (when there iſ paine with al take the vrine of a Bul, Goate, or calfe,and one third part of vineger wellſod together, 3© withthe herbe F#/lowit, then put it into a flagon with a ſmall mouth, and let the necke of the patient be perfumedtherewith. ' ! Of the ſuppoſed Beaſt CACYVS. Here be ſome of thelate writerſ, which takethecaceſ ſpoken of by Virgill in hiſ eight book ofeE»eidſ;to be a wildeBeaſt, which Virgi// deſcribeth in theſe wordſ : Hic ſpelunca—fuit vaſto ſnbmotareceſſi: Soliſ inaccenſamradijſ ſempergue recenti Ora virum triſti pendebant pallida tabo. Ore vomenſ igneſ magna ſe mole ferebat, nequeunt explericorda tuenda Peitori ſemiferi atque extineluſ faucibuſigneſ, Semihominiſ caci : facieſ quam dira tegebat Gade tepebat humuſ foribuſgque affixa ſuperbiſ : EHuic monſtro vulcanuſ erat pater, &rt. 'That iſ, eaewſ waſ halfe a beaſtand halfe a man, who had a caue in the earth againſt the o Sunne, hiſ Denne repleniſhed with the headeſ of men, and hee himſelfe breathing ourfire, ſo that the earth waſ warmed with the ſlaughter of men ſlaine by him, whoſe ſlaughter he faſtened vpon hiſ owne dooreſ, beingſuppoſedto bethe ſonne of Vulcan. And there be ſome thataffirme thiſ Caewſ, to haue waſted and depopulated all Jtaly, and at length when Aezenleſ had flaine Geyjon, aſ he came out of Spaine thorough Italy with the Oxen which he had taken from Geryon, Cacmſ drew diverſ of them into hiſ " caue —9% The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſſ. Cane by their taileſ : butwhen Zerca/eſ 'mifſed daily ſome of hiſ Cattell, and knewe not \(zzctffxli\clle],l;—)z;hczlxſſf ſtrayed, at Jaſt he cameto the Denne of Cacemſ : andſeeing a(lil the cſl}CPPeg\ ſtand forward by reaſon the Cartellwere drawne in backeward, he departed;ſ and goin away, he heardthe loughing of the Oxen for their felloweſ, whereby he diſconered the fraud of Cackſ : whereuppon he preſentlyranne and tooke hiſ club ,the monſter bclq within hiſ Caue, cloſed vp the mouth thereofwith a wonderfull great ſtone, and_ ſo þld himſelfe for feare : but Zerewleſ went to the toppe of the I\_/Iountamc and there diggin downe the ſame, vntillhe opened the Caue, thenleaped in ſuddenly and flew the Mon— reconered hiſ Oxen. ® . ſicrfi:trfi]cetru;]h iſ, thiſ forged Carſ waſ a wicked ſeruant of Ewazder, which vſed great robbery intheMountaineſ, and by reaſon of hiſ euilllife waſ called gaewſ, for Cakeſin Greeke ſignifieth euill. He waſ ſaid to breath forth fire becauſe he burned vp their corne growing Tihe fieldſ, and at laſt waſ betrayed of hiſ owne ſiſter ; for wh_1ch cauſe ſhe waſ ) deified, and the Virginſ of /e/?ſ made Sacrifice to her : and rhc.rcfoyc itſhall be ydleto profecute thiſ fable any farther (aſ Albertuſ Magauſ doth) it b;mg like the fable of Alci» da , which the Poctſ faine waſ a bird of the carth,and being inuincible burned vp al P/yy— gia ,and at laſt waſ flaine by Minerwa. ) OE—THER_OC AMELCE. Lthough there be diverſ ſortſ of Camelſ,according to the ſeuerall Countryeſ, yet iſ the name not much varied, but taken in the generall ſencefor the denomination of euer particular., The H@breweſ call it Gamm/5 the Chaldeanſ Gamela, and Gamele : The Arabianſ, Gemal : Gemel Alnegeb : Algiazar. The Perſianſ, Scheror : the Saracenſ, Shymelzthe Turkeſ call a company of Camelſ trauailing together, Ca— raxana.The Italianſ and Spariardeſ cal a Camell Cawelly, the French chameaw, the Germaneſ Ramelzbier, all derined — SWZ of the Latine Caze/eſ, and the Greeke cameloſ. 'The Illyri— . artemidoryſ . anſ , call itVrelblad: and the reaſon of the name camelſſ in Greekeiſ, becauſe hiſ burden !* 122*3{32' or Joad iſ layed vpon him knceling or lying, derined (aſ it may ſeeme) of camptein Me— Word rouſ, the bending of hiſ kneeſ and {lowneſſe of pace 5 wherefore a man of a ſlow pace, waſ Horuſ among the Egyptianſ deciphered by a camell. Forthatcauſe, there iſ a Towne in Siriſ called Gaxpgamela 5 that iſ , the houſe of a camell,ere&ed by Dariuſ the Sonne of Ziſtaſpiſ, allowing a certaine prouiſion offood therein for weariedand tyred camelſ. The epithiteſ ginen to thiſ beaſt are not many among Authorſ, for he iſ tearmed by them rough, de— formed, and thirſting ; aſ Zuwewall. Deformiſ poterunt immaniamembra,cameli: And Perſiuſ in biſ fifth Satyre ſaith ; Tolle recenſ primuſ piper & ſitiente camelo. 4 Thereare of them dinerſ kindeſ, according to their countrieſ wherein they breed : aſ in ThEmATCE E , in Arabia, and in BaZFria : All thoſe whichare in India, areſaide by Didimuſ to be Camelſ, ___ bred in the Mountaineſ of the B1eZ//e»ſ, and hauc two buncheſ on their backe, and one other on their breaſt, whereupon they leane : the y haue ſomtimeſ a Bore for theyrſyre, whichfeedethwith the flockſ of ſhe—camelſ ; for aſ Muleſ and Horſſeſ willcouple toge— ther in copulation, ſo allo will Boreſ and camelſ * and that a camelliſ ſo ingendred ſome— timeſ, the roughneſ of hiſ haire like aBoareſ or Swineſ, and the ſtreagch of hiſ body, are 10 aÞ & Ofthe name The generati on of BaGri— an Camelſ. ſufficient euidenceſ ; and theſe are worthily called BaZzianſ, becauſe they were firſt of all conc'elucd among them, ham{]g two bu_ncſihcs on their backeſ ; whereaſ the Arabian hath but one. The colour of thiſ camell, iſ for the moſt part browne,or puke ? yetthere 5* E are heardſ of white oneſ in India, c partſ & : : eeivuioſ Ptolomenſ Lagi brought two ſtraunge thingeſ into Egypt, a blacke camell, and aman thete camelſ. Which waſ the one halfe white and the other halfe blacke ine uall proportion, the whict cauſed the Egyptianſ to wonder and maruaile at theſhapcanq ra SiEowhicit dproportion of the camell, and Oſ the Cammell. 10 2@ C . ....... WOJm_ _ : SP 7 \\ 5 \ſik\\\\\\\\\\\ C —> S G itf + —Sfin =—= S* Sin VANEET] mry þC 1 | {\\ A \ == Zſ%ſſ\ct \ 1 ...... Ri— (Z 50 o \ 6\ i i *"i'-.-. RS ffl K 2 E f), = Z —S < EAP n u Ne— A/ a PrM y — 3 :ct',ſi,:ſif-"' — (dY bond & ( NW //.-':-*'}* E iſt \\\\\*'\\\ Ni t AB A RN S $S D4 *The ſeuerall partſ of a ca— mell, Plug Sinaticuſ, e Ariſtotl Play, The food of Camelſ Siluationſ— Paul venet, Philoſtrarmuſ (Celiuſ, Their drinke muſt not be cleare, Theirpro— creation T he Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. and to laugh at the man : whereupon it grew to a prouerbe, a Camellamong the Egyprti— anſ,for a matter fearefullatthe firſt, and ridiculouſ at the laſt. "=—# The head and necke of thiſ beaſt iſ different in proportion from allotherſ, yet theE— thyopianſ haue a beaſt called Mabrw, which in hiſ neck reſembletha Horſe, and in hiſ hed a Camell. They have not teethon bothſideſ, although they want horneſ (Imeane b_oth the Arabian and Bac?rian Camell :) whereof Ari#totle diſputeth the reaſon; in the thirde Booke of the parteſ of creatureſ, and fourteenth chapter. Their neckſ arelong and nim— ble, whereby the whole body iſ much relicued ; and in their necke toward the neather part oftheir throte, there iſ a place called Aphar, wherein a Camell:dooth by ſpeare or ſword, 15 moſt ealily receiue hiſ mortall or deadly wound. f SEHMH— Hiſ belly iſ variable, now great, now ſinall like an Oxeſ 5 hiſ galliſ not diſtinguiſhed within himlike other beaſtſ, but onely carried in great veyneſ, and therefore ſome hane thought he had none, and aſſigned thataſ a cauſe of hiſ long lifeſ Betwixthiſthigheſ he hath two vdderſ, which hane foure ſpeaneſ depending from them like a Coweſ. Hiſ ge— nital part iſ confected, and ſtandethvpon a ſinnew, infomuch aſ thereof may a ſtringe be made,for the bending of the ſrongeſtbow. The tayle iſ like the raile of an Aſſe, hangging down to their kneeſ, they hanue kneeſ in enery leg,hauing in their former legſ 3i0 95 oAvchetimetherefore of theirIuſt, chey are moſt varuely and fierce, yeilding to none; noxnorto their owne keeperſ:: the beſt time of their copulation iſ in September, for in Arabiaſ they begin to ingender in the third yeare of their age, andſo.within ten or cleuen monethſ after ſhe iſ deluered of young,beimng neuer aboue one ata time for twinſ come not in her greate belly ; fo ſhe goeth a yeare before ſhe conceineagaine, although her young be feperared. or weaned, before which time they doe not commonly;Vato their _> formermodeſty for their copulation, we may addcanother deuirleinſtin@,and moſttrue C#%»" obſervattoniaboit thefame; for themale willnevercouerhiſ mother, or hiſ fiſter:wher fſiſi'ſſcſf:ſiſi foreitiſſincerely reported, that when a certaine Camel—keeper [deſtrouſ to trie thiſ ſe oftheir cret)}hauing the male; ſonne to a female which he alfo kepte, heſo concredthe femaleſ ceſ conuey alltheir carriageſ vpon them in Europe : Likewiſe doe all the Arabianſ in AF— »» fricke. But it muſt be obſerued, that the Affrican Camelſ, are much more woorth then 2 the Aſtan, for they can endur e trauaile for fortye and fifty daieſ togither, with very lutle ,, or no meat,excepr ſometimeſ in the euening when they are voloaded,they go to the hed— ,, geſ, thorneſ, and other greene placeſ, and there eatany ſinall thing they meet withall, aſ ,, ro leanueſ and ſuch like , wherewith they remaine ſatiſfied, whereaſ the Aſianſ can performe ,, no tuchtourney , except they be kept fat and well fed : and it hath beene proued by good ,, experience, that one of the Affricanſ hath tranarled fifty daieſ without meat, firſt wearing ,, away thefat in their bunchy backe, then about their ſkinne and breaſt, and laſtly about their ribbeſ, never giving ouer till it waſ not able to beare one bundred waight. But the Aſianſ, muſtalway carry prouender to ſuſtaine their beaſteſ, neuertrauailin 5 but they haue one camelHoaden with meat, for the other loaden with carriage, andſo in— dure a double charge: and when the Affricanſ go to any Marteſ or fayreſ beingto returne emptie andvnloaded, they take no thought for their Camelſ food. Of theſe camelſ there be threekindeſ, one of them called Augaw», (being broad and tall ) and therefore aptto 20 beare packeſ and burthenſ, but not before they be foure yeare olde, and after their ordi— nary loade, iſ onethouſand waight of Italian meaſure, being taught by the ierking of a ſmallrod, on the breſtand knecſ, to lie downe for their burthenſ and afterward to riſe vp againe.And the Affricanſ do vſe to geld their camelſ, reſeruing but one male for the co— ucering of tenfemaleſ. 5 Another kind of their camelſ they calBecherſſ, ſuch aſ haue two buncheſ, one for but— then, and the other for a man to ride vppon : and the third ſort are called Ragzahil, which — are of lower ſtature and leaner bodieſ then the reſidue, vofitfor burthen, and therefore are vſed for the ſaddle, by all the Noble men of Aymidia, Arabia, and Libia: beingableto runne an hundred mileſ a day, and performing long iourneyeſ with little or no prouen— 30' der : for the King of Tombu#o being to ſend to Dara, or Selmeſſa, (which iſ diſtant from hiſ court, nine hundred mileſ) hiſ meſſenger performeth it vpon one of theſe Ragnahilſ, within theſpace of eight dayeſ. > In the beginning of the ſpringe they are moſt frolicke and vnruely, becauſe then they incline to generation: at which time, they rage and fall vpon many that come vnto them, and eſpecially thoſe from whome they haue receined bloweſ, remembring at that time, andrequiting their former iniurieſ, vppon ſuch aſ wronged them, whome if they can take in ther mouth, they lift them vp into the ayre, and then caſt them downe againevn— der their feet, and tread vpon them ,in which diſtemperd v enerouſ furythey remainfor— 5 ty daieſ. 40 _They can ealily endure thirſt, fine, nine, or fifteene daieſ,in neceſſity ; neither wiltheir keeper gine them drinkeat three daieſthirſt, for feareto harme them.Aſ theſe camelſ are pleſant & profitable,ſo alſo they ſeem to participate with the nature of mazfor they being wearied, no ſpur or ſtroke can make them haſten to their iourneyeſ end,therfore in Ethy— opiaand Barbary, they ſing certaine ſongſ behind the Beaſt, which ſo reviuetheir decai— ed ſpritſ,that they ſet forward ſo faſt,forgetting their tyred limſ, to their iourneyeſ end, that their keeperſ can hardly follow . Thauealſo ſeene in Adea/r, a camell, that could dance at the ſound of a Timbrell, being thereunto taught when he waſ young by thiſ meaneſ ; firſt he waſ brought into a roome likea ſtable,the panement wherof waſ made hot by a fire vnderdeath it, and without doorſ 5go ſtood a muſitian playing on hiſ timbrell, the camellnot for loue of the muſick, but for the heat vnder hiſ feete, lifted vp firſt onefoot , and then another , aſ they doe which daunce, andſo the heat increaſing, helikewiſe did lift vp faſter, whereunto he waſ accuſtomed for theſpace often monethſ , at euery time one houre and a halfe, during which time the tim— brellſtill ſounded;ſo that at laſt, vſe framed nature to ſuch a ſtraine,thathehearing a tim— brell, he inſtantly remembred the fire that waſ wont to puniſh hiſ feet, and ſo preſently wouldleap to and frolike a dancer in publick ſpectacle;to the admiration of all beholderſ. Thuſ farre Leo Afer. < E .+ Of » 33 33 39 39 Ofthe name Pliny, AHiſtory, JIſedoruſ, "The genera— gion and de— ſcription, Julſ. Capital . | 42 cdiff} Hiſ beaſtiſ called! in HZbrew Zamer. Dext. 14. which the Arabianſ tranſlate Saaphah, and ſometime Gyrapha,Gyraffa, and Zirafa, the Chaldanſ Deba, and Am4, the Perſianſ Se— raphab , and the Septuagint Greecianſ , Camelopardaliſſ which word iſ alſoretained by the Latineſ, whereunto A/— bertuſ addeth Orafluſ,and Oraſiuſ.The Ethyopianſ cal it NG—+ bin, from whence commeth Apabala, and Panſaniaſ tranſla— tethit an Indian Sheepe, ſo indeed Apabula may beEngli— ſhed a wild Sheepe. e Therewere tenne of theſe ſeene at Rome, inthe daieſ of GordianuſtheEmperor,and before that time, Ce/ar being DiGatour. And ſuchan one f Babilontothe Emperor Fredevicke,ſo that it iſ without queſti— onthat there iſ ſuch a beaſt, which iſ engendred ofa Camell and a female Libard, or Patn— waſ fent by the Sultan 0 ther aſ Horaceſaith : Dinerſum confuſa genuſ pathera tamelſ. Buttheſame which the Latineſ call Paythera the Graecianſ call Pardaliſ. The head thereof iſ like to a camelſ, the necke to a Horſſeſ, the body to a Hartſ ; and hiſ clouen Hoofe iſ the ſame with a cammelſ : the colour of thiſ Beaſte iſ for the moſt partcRed and white, mixed together, therefore very beautifull to behold, by reaſon ofthe variable r and Of the Camelopuardal. and interchangeable Skinne, being full of ſpotteſ : but yet th ey arenot alway of one co— Jour. He hath twolitlehorneſ growing on hiſ head of the colour offyron, hiſ eieſ rowlin and frowing, hiſ mouth but ſmalllike a Hartſ, hiſ toung iſ nere three foot long, and with that he will ſo ſpeedily gather in hiſ meate, that the eieſ of a man will faile to behold hiſ haſt, and hiſ necke diverſly coloured, iſ fifteene footelong, which he holdeth vp higher thea a Camelſ, and far aboue the proportion of hiſ other partſ. Hiſ forfeete are muicch longer then hiſ hinder, and thſſcreſore hiſbacke declinech towardſ hiſ buttockſ, which are very like an aſſeſ. The pace of thiſ beaſtdiffereth from allother in the world, for he doth not mouc hiſ right andleft foote one after another, but both together , and ſo likewiſe the 10 other, whereby hiſ whole body iſ remouced at enery ſtep or ſtraine. Theſe beaſteſ are plentifull in Ethiopia, India, and the Georgian region, which waſ once called Media. Likewiſein the prouince of Abaſ*@a in Jedia, it iſ called Surnoſa, and in Abaſia Surnappa,and the latter pi&ure here fet down,waſ truely taken by Meleh/or Lno— riguſax Conſtantinople, in the yeare of ſaluation 1 5 59 . By che ſight of one of theſe, ſent "to the great Turkefor a preſent: which piSure and diſcriprion, waſ afterwarde ſent into Germany, and waſ imprinted a Norimberge: Itiſa folitary beaſte and keepeth altoge— ther inwoodeſ, if itbe not taken when it iſ young :they are very traQable and eaſie to be handled, ſo that a childe may leade them witha ſmalKHine or cord about their heade, and when any cometo ſeethem, they willingly and of their owne accorde, turnethemſelueſ 20 roundaſ it wereof purpoſeto ſhewe their ſoft haireſ, and beautifull coulour, being aſ it wereprond to rauiſh the eieſ of the beholderſ. The ckinve iſ of greatpriceand eſtimation among merchantſ and princeſ, and it iſ ſaichthat vnderneth hiſ belly, the coulourable ſpotſ are wroughtinfathjionof afiſherſ net , and the whole bodie ſo admirably interconloured with variety, that it iſ in vaine for the . witte or art of man, once to goabout or eadeauour the emulouſ imitation thereof,. The taile of thiſ beaſte iſ like thetaile of an Afſe,, and I cannot indge that it iſ either ſwifte for pace, or ſtrong for labour, and therefore welltearmed a wilde Sheepe, becauſe the fleſh hereof iſ good for meat, and waſ allowed to the Ieweſ by God himſelfe for a cleane beaſt. —i* ——OFTHE!ALDTOCAMELVS. K 3 ! ſ :fm//;ger IOI LeoedAffric: Oppuinuſ. Heliodoruſ. theyr man— ner ef going, The coun— triſ breeding theſe beaſtſ, Their natu— rall diſpoſiti— on and mild. nefle, The ſkinne, 162 The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. agCaliger affirmeth, thatintheland of the Giantſ,ther iſ a beaſtwhich hath the heade, necke, and eareſ, of a Mule, butthe body of a Ca— 5 mell; wherefore it iſ probable, that it iſ conceined by a Camelland. @aMule:thepidGure whereof iſ before ſerte downe aſ it waſ taken from the ſig htof thebeaſt, and imprinted with a diſcription at Mid— dieborough in the yeare 15 58. which waſ never before ſeen in Ger— many,nor yet ſpoken of by P/in7. 4 R . They ſaid that it waſ an Indian Sheepe, out of the region of Pe,#, and{o waſ brought to Antwerpe, ſixe thouſand mileſ diſtant from that nation. It waſ a— 15 bout two yardeſ high, and finefoore in length, the neck waſ aſ white aſ any Swan : the co— lour of hiſ other partſ waſ yellowiſh, and hiſ feet like an Oftrige—Camelſ: andalthough it werea male, yetit.did render hiſ vrine backward : it waſ afterwarde ginento the Empe— rour by Theodoric Newſ, a citizen of the nether Colen. It waſ a moſt gentic and meek beaſt like the Gamelypardall, not paſt foure yeareolde: wherefore Ithought good to expreſſeit in thiſ place, becauſe of the Gmilirude it hath with the mannerſ of thefourmer beaſte, al though it want horneſ and differ in ſome other memberſ. Of another Beaſt—called (Campe. v_;ſſladarm Siculuſ maketh relation, thar when D/o»jſ@wſ with hiſ Army travailed 20 7 ctb% choroughthe deſertand dry placeſ, annoyed with diverſ wild beaſtſ, he came | to Zambirra a citty of Lybia, where he fleweabeaſt bred in thoſe parteſ called led o uSIICampe, which had before that time deſtroyed many men,which action did pur— "chaſe him among the inhabitanteſ a never dying fame,andthat therefore there might're— pidine a continuall remembrance to all poſterity of thatfat, he raiſed vp there a monu— "ment of theſlaine beaſtroſtand for euermore. | \OF—T—HE©CG:AT. | Cat iſ a familiar and wellknowne beaſt, called of the Hze— 39 © Oflitnamnſ 5 breweſ Carull, and Schanar, and Schunara ; of the Grzecianſ t Acturoſ, and KAiteſ, and Kitiſ, of the Saracenſ, Katz, the Italianſ Gazza,and Gor#<9. The Spaniardſ, Gara and Gato , the French, Char; the Geemaneſ, Xazz ; the Illyrianſ, Kozkaſ and Furioz, ( whiclhiſ MedYfor a Cat by Alberraſ Magauſ) and I coniecture, to t rally a fiexible backe for thiſ purpoſe, and waſhing hir facewith her fore—feet: butſome ay obſerue, that if ſhe put her feete beyond the crowne ofher head, that it iſ a preſage of raine, and if the backeof a catbe thinne the beaſt iſ of no' coutage or value. They loue fire and warmepplaceſ, whereby itfalleth out that they often burne their coateſ. They de— ſire to'lie ſoft, and in the time of their luſt (commonly called cat—wralling) they are wilde Their copy— and fierce , eſpecially the maleſ, whoe at that rime (except they be gelded) willnot keepe Wiwty thehouſe : at which time they haue a peculiar direfull voyce. The maner of their copula— tion iſ thiſ, the Female lyeth downeand the Male ſtandeth,; and their femaleſ are abone meaſure deſirouſ of procreation, for which cauſe they prouoke the male, and if he yeeld Ariſtatle not to their luſt they beate and claw him, but it iſ onely for lone of young and not for Iuſt; the meale iſ moſt libidinouſ, and therefore ſeeing thefemale will never more engender with him , during the time hir young oneſ ſucke, hee killeth and eateth them if he meet with them , (to prouoke the female to copulationwith him againe, for when ſhe iſ depti— £/anw% uned of her youngſhe ſeeketh out the male of her ownaccord, ) for which thefemale moſt wartly keepeth them frombhiſ ſight. During the time of copulation, the femalecontinu— ally cryeth, whereof the Writerſ gine a double cauſe ; one, becauſe ſhe iſ pinched with thetalantſ or claweſ ofthe male in the time of hiſ luſtfull rage., and thother, becauſe hiſ ſeed iſ ſo fiery whot, that italmoſt burneth the femaleſ place of conception.Whenthey haue litered or aſ we commonly ſay kittened, they rage againſt Doggeſ, and will ſuffer . none to come neere their young oneſ.The beſt to keep are ſuch aſ arelittered in March, Cſizſiyſiſſcoſifſſ u they go with young fifty daieſ, and the femaleſ line not aboue ſixe or ſeuen yeareſ, the ſ maleſ liue longer eſpecially if they be gelt or libbed : the reaſon of their ſhort life iſ their tauening of meate which corrupreth within them. 5 They cannotabide the ſanour of oyntmentſ but fallmadde thereby 5they are ſome— Giliwſ timeſ infected with the falling euill, but are cured with Gobrym;. It iſ needeleſle to ſpend Celmſ any time about herlouing nature to man, how ſhe flattereth by rubbing her ſkinnea— filfſſſi-cſil_"gſſjf_ct"* ; gainſt oneſ Leggeſ, how ſhe whurleth withher voyce, hauing aſ many t'meſ aſ turneſ} ier for ſhe hath one voice to beg and to complain,,another to teſtifie her delight & pleaſure, another2mong bir ownkind by flattting, by hiſſing, by puſling,by ſpitting, infomuchaſ ſomehauethought thatthey haue a peculiar intelligible language among themſelueſ: Therefore how ſhebeggeth, playeth, leapeth, looketh, carcheth, toſſeth with herfoote; tiſeth vp to ſtringſ held oucr her head, ſometime creeping,ſometimeſ lying on the back, playing with one foot,fomtime on the bely,{natching,now withmouth,& anon with foot, aprechending greedily any thing ſaue the hand of a man with dinerſ ſuch g eſtical actionſ, it iſ needeleſſe to ſtand vpon ; infomuch aſ GCrelimſ waſ wont to ſay , that being freefrom Thehuitihar hiſ Studieſ and more vrgent waighty affaireſ, he waſ not aſhamed to play andſport him— ſ;mſſſin;:{:z_ ſelfe with hiſ Cat, and verily it may wellbe calledan idle manſ paſtime. Aſ thiſ beaſt :ycofa catſ hath beene familiarly noutriſhed of many, ſo haue they payed dearefortheir louc,bcin% — requite 1086 The Htſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. requited withthe loſſe of their health, and ſometime of their life for their friendſhip: and worthily, becauſe they which loue any beaſtſ in a high meſurehauc fo much the leſſe charity vnto man. i Therefore it muſt be conſidered what harmeſ and perilſ comie vnto men by thiſ beaſt, Itiſ moſt certaine that the breathand ſauour of catſ conſume the radicall bumour and deſtroy the Jungſ, and therefore they which keepe their catſ with them in their bedſ Alex;benidit, have the aire corrupted andfallinto fener hectickeſ and conſumptionſ. There waſ a cer— taine company off Monkeſ much ginen'to nouriſh and play with Catteſ, whereby they were ſo infeGed, that within a ſhort ſpace none of them wereablecither to ſay, reade, 1, pray, or ſing, inallthe monaſtery 5 and therefore alſo they are dangerouſ in the time ofpeſtilence, for they are not onely apt to bring home venomouſinfection, but to poy— fon amanwith very looking vpon him; wherefore there iſ in ſome men a naturall diflike and abhorring of catſ, their natureſ being ſo compoſed, that not onely when they ſee them, butbeing neere themaand vnſeene, and hid of purpoſe, they fall into paſſionſ, fret— ting, ſweating, pulling off their hatſ, and trembling fearefully, aſ Ihaue knowne many in Germany , the reaſon whereof iſ, becauſe the conſtellation which threatneth their bo— . dieſ which iſ peculiar to euery man, worketh by the preſence and offence of theſe. crea— tureſ:and therefore they haue cryed outto takeaway the Catſ. The lkemay beſayd ofthe fleſh of catſ, which can ſildome befree from poyſon, by reaſon of their daily foodeeating Ratſ and Mice, Wrenſ and other birdſ which feedeon 29 poyſon, and aboue allthebrame of a cat iſ moſt venomouſ, for it being aboue meaſure dry, ſtoppeth the animall ſpiritſ, that they cannot paſſe into the ventricle, by reaſon whereofmemory faileth, and the infected perſon falleth into a phrenzy. The cure wher— ofmay he thiſ, take of the Water of ſweete Marioram with Terrſa lJemwpia the waiteof a groate mingled together, and drinke it twice in a month, putting good ſtore of ſpiceſ in— toall your meate to recreate the ſpiritſ withall, let him drinke pure Wine, wherein put the ſeede of D/amwoſehu. But a cat dothaſ much harme with her venemouſtecth, there— foreto cure her biting, they preſcribe a good diet, ſometime taking Hony, turpentine, and Oyle of Roſeſ melt together and laied to the wound with Centary : ſometime thcyct waſh the wound with the vrine of a man, and lay to it the braineſ of ſome other beaſtand 30 pure wine mingled bothtogether. The hairealſo of a cat being eaten vnawareſ, ſtoppeththe artery and cauſethſuffocati— Mithaelt: on: and Thaue heard that when a child hath gotten the haire of a cat into hiſ mouth, it hathſo clonen & ſtucke to the place that it could not be gotten off again ,and hath in that place bred cither the wenſ or thekingſ euill: to concludethiſ point it appeareth that thiſ iſ a dangerouſ beaſt, & that therfore aſ for neceſſity we are conſtrained to nouriſh them for the ſuppreſſing of ſmall vermine : ſo with a wary and difcyet cie we muſt auoyde their harmeſ, making more account of their vſe then of their perſonſ. In Spaineand Gallia Narbon, they eate catſ, but firſt of al take away their head and taile, and hang the prepared fleſh a night or two in theopen cold aire, to exhale the ſauour 40 and poyſon from it, finding the fleſh thereof to be almoſtaſ ſweete aſ a Couy. It muſt needeſ be an vncleane and impurebeaſt that lineth onely vpon vermin and b y rauening, Perotiuſ: for it iſ commonly ſaid of a man when he neezeth, that he hath eaten with Catſ : likewiſe thefamiliarſ of Witcheſ do moſt ordinarily appeare in the ſhape of catſ, which iſ an ar— gument that thiſ beaſt iſ dangerouſ in ſoule & body. It iſ ſaid that if bread bemadewher— in the dung ofcatſ iſ mixed , it wildrine away Ratſ and Mice. But we conclude the ſtory of thiſ beaſt with the medicinal obſeruationſ ,andtary no longer in the breath of ſuch a crea— ture compounded of good and euil.It iſ reported that the fleſh of catſ ſalted & ſweetned hath power init to draw wenſ fromthe body, & being warmed to cure the Hemorthoidſ and paineſ in the raineſ and backe,according to the verſeof vy/ſſpuſ : 5o Et lumbuſ lumbiſ pr eſftat adeſuſ opem. | ?}:Z?Kſiic_ 3 Ajlſinſ preſcribeth a fat catſodfor the gout,firſt taking the fat, and annoynting there— "— with the ſicke part,and then wetting Wooll or Towe intheſame, and binding itto the of— Alyuzonr. offe catſ fleſh Ponzettur, eAlexander, nallvertueſ of a cat, fended PIZLCC. For the paine and blindneſſe in the ſicyc, by reaſon of any Skinneſ, Webſ, or naileſ, thiſ Of the Wildc—Cat. thiſ iſ an approved medicine. Take the head of a blacke Cat, which hath nota ſpot ofanother colour in it, and burne it to pouder in an earthen pot leaded or glazed with— . in, thentake thiſ poulder and through 2 quill blow it thrice aday into thy eie, and ifin thenight time any heate do thereby annoy thee, take two leaueſ of an Oke wet in cold water and binde them to the eye, and ſo ſhall all paine fly away , and blindneſ departal— thoughit hath oppreſſed thee a whole: yeare, and thiſ medicine iſ approucd by manye Phyſiſifictaus both elderandlater. a "Thelinerofwcatdryed and beate to poulder iſ good againſt the ſtone : the dung of EHTcþ. afemale cat with the claw of an Oule hanged about the necke of a man that hach had ſeuen rorfitſ of aquartane Ague,; cureth the ſame : a neezing pouldc_r made of the gallofablack Sextrſ cat, andrhewaightofa groate thereof takenand mingled with foure crowneſ waight of Zambach; helpeth the conuulſion and wryneſſe of the mouth : and if the gallofa Gat Active, with the black dung of the ſame cat,be burned in perfume vnder a woman tramailing with » afſ, a'dead child, it will cauſe it preſently to come forth: and P/iny ſaith that if a pin,or thorne, Alberruſ or fith bone, ſticke in oneſ mouth,let him rub the outſide againſtit with a litcle catſ dung, Play. and it will eaſily come forth. Given to a Woman ſuffering the fluxe, with a litle Rozen and Oyle of Roſeſ, it ſtayeththe humour 5 and for a Web in the cic of an horſe euening and morning, blow in the poulder of catſ dung, and it ſhall be cured. 28 OK_THE . WITILDE— CAT, L1 Catſ atthe beginning were Wilde, and therefore ſome doe interpret /. E/ay.34.. for wilde catſ; and the Germanſ callit Fopmmruzer, that iſ, a tree—rider, becauſe ſhe hunterh Birdſ and fouleſ from tree to treee. The Spaniard calleth it Gato—monteſ, and in ſome placeſ of France it iſ called chaz— caretſ. Thereare great ſtore ofthem in Helweria, eſpecial— ly in the Woodſ, and ſometime neere the Waterſ , alſo being in colour like tame catſ but blacker,ſuch aſ in Eng— lang iſ called a Poolear. I ſaw one of them, which waſ taken 5 in September, and obſerued, that it waſ in length from — the forchcad to the toppe of the taile, foure full } panneſ, and a blacke line or ſtrake all along the backe, andlikewiſe ſome blacke vpon the chgcs 3 betwixt the breaſt and the necke there waſ a large white ſpot , and the colour of her other partſ waſ duſky,red, and yellow, eſpecially about the buttockſ, the heeleſ of her feet were blacke, her taylelonger thenan ordinary houſe catſ, hauing two orthree blacke circleſ about it , but toward the top all blacke, They abound in Seapdinania,where the Linxeſ denvourethem: otherwiſe they are hun— ted with Doggeſ, or ſhot with Gunneſ, and many timeſ the countrey men ſecing one Olaw mag; _ in a tree, doth compaſſe itabout with mulcitude,and when ſbeleapeth downekillhir with * 4o their clubſ, according to the verſe of Newer/ſzamuſ — Felemgue minatem Arboriſ in trunce, Longiſ perfigere teliſ. In the prouince of Malabar, theſe catteſ line vpon treeſ, becauſe they arenot ſwift to run; but leape with ſuch agility , that ſome haue thought they didflye: and verily they do flie, for they haue a certaine ſkin, which when they lie in quiet, cleaueth or ſhrinketh vp to their bellieſ, butbeing ſtirred , the ſame ſpreadethfgom theirforefeet to their hinder, likethe Wing ofa Bat ; by vertue whereof, they ſtay vp themſelueſ in the aire, paſſing formtreeto tree like a foule : aſ alſo doth the Pontique mouſe, aſ ſhall be declared aſtct-ſſ ward. go _Theſkinneſ of wild catſare vſed for garmentſ, for there iſ no ſkinne warmet, aſ by cxperience appeareth in Seithia and Moſcowia, where their women are clothed with the furre of catſ, but eſpecially for buſkinſ and ſleeueſ with their haire turned inward ,not on» ly againſt cold but for medecine, againſt contracted ſinneweſ, or the gout. The fat of thiſ beaſt iſ reſerued by ſome forheating, ſoſtening» and diſplaying tumourſ in the fleſh : and 108 The Hiſtory of Foure—footred Beaſlſ. and whatſocuer 24% or any other ſaid of the houſe Cat beforein the medicinall parteſ, that alſo appertaineth to thiſ, except aſ in allother, ſo it falleth forth: heerin, that the ver— tueſ of the wildkind iſ more effeGuallthen the tame. . * Thereare ſome among the 2het/ayſ and Germanſ, which eate the fleſh hee rof accoun— ting it delicate, hauing firſt cut offthe head and taile: they cannot abidethefume.ofrue, or of bitter almondſ; there iſ nothing memorable, in the nature. ofthiſ beaſt t'ha_t I can learne,except that which iſ related by Acr/inſ,that when men are bitten by Crocodilſ, thiſ beaſtby anaturall inſtin& hating a Crocodill, willcome about the wounded perſonſ, 0— therwiſefearing the preſence of man. . . ſ "We may heerunto adde the beaſt which iſ bred in Arprerica called Heyrazz, ſpoken of by Theietuſ : which name ſignifieth a beaſtof Hony, and the reaſon iſ,becanſe it deſireth ho— ny aboue meaſure, for it will climbe thetreeſ, and comming to the caueſ ofBeeſ, it will *with ſuch dexterity, take out the Hony with their naileſ, that itneither hurteth the Beeſ or receineth harme by them. Itiſabout the bigneſſe of a Catte, and of a Cheſſe—nut. colour. OF THE COLY S. Here iſ among the Scithianſ and Sarmzatianſ a foure—footed 'Th . J tt wild Beaſt called Colyſ, and of ſome Swl/ac in Latine 5 of the Gn Polonianſ Sorkac, of the Moſcouiteſ Seigak, ofthe Tartari— oarr anſ Akkgk and Snak, of the Turkeſ Akomi, being in quantity and ſtature betwixta Rammeand a Hart,and duſky amivaculouſ white colourd,but the young oneſ yellow: of a ſingular ſwift— ing in her FFe : y + yringſ: neſſe and celerity in courſe. Her manner iſ to drinkeby the Strabo.libſ7 . holeſ in her Noſtrilſ, whereby ſhe ſuuffeth vp aboundance o ) || of Water and carrieth it in her head, ſo that ſheewilllinein 4 dry paſtureſ remote from all moiſtute a great ſeaſon, quen— ching her thirſtby that Ciſterne in her head. Zffiſi;ffſſ?fiſ They are moſt plentifull tobe found in 74a7zar/a, in Portuſ, whereare ſo many plaineſ breede _thata man can ſee nothing but heauen andearth:likewiſe they are found in My/cowia,,in Po— Offtheir hin 4#44,& about theR yuer ANeprwſ,and Boviſtheneſ:they can neuer be taken but by weriſom— ting and ta— nefle ; wherefore if men follow themwith Pipeſ and Timbrelſ, playing vpon them, they &* fo weary themſelueſ withleaping am_i_ running toand. froſibcing compaſſed in by mulci— tudeſ 22 Z ma T Z 2) 0 20 30 Of the Cony. "> . - to ? C. — W)) \\\\\\ ® W A 0 2 I, 4t V —| {} m SW ſi)ſiſſ\ y Di}} C_— 1 2hall))) {/}} f i—___—= VZ ——F—— mA 41 P dMT Viffii l fome—lht —_ —_____ . \/ I """ I/ e= ___— at <=<< , _ _ "| \— 29 EZ Zpec, Receined the piQGure of thiſ Beaſt from a certain Noble—man, "n Cg BLMYA my louing friend in Par/iſ, whoſe parteſ it iſ notneedefull co deſcribe, ſeeing the ymage it ſelte iſ perſpicuouſ and eaſie A GKY IZ | to be obſerued. The quantity ofthiſ beaſt dothnot cj.x:ccdc CLH? I | WSaleEf| the quantity of a vulgar Coney, but ratherthe body iſ ſhor— Qſſ 50 |A4 ter, yetfuller, aſ alſo Lobſerued by thoſe two, which that no— . V ffl////ſctſſi" a o ble and learned Phyſitian 204, Mypzingeruſ ſent'me. It-hath 2. 39 ffl/! — fl lite low earſ, round and almoſtpild without hair, hauing alſo WViP——DOkL2LZ| ſhort legſ,5.clawſ vpon onefoot behind .and ſix beforeteeth likea mouſe, butno taile, and the colour vatiable. Ihaueſcene ofthemaall white, and all yellow, and alſo different from both thoſe : their voyce iſ muchlike the voice of a pigge, and they eat allkindſ of Herbeſ, Fruiteſ, Oatſ, and Bread; and ſome give them water to drinke, but Lhaue nouriſhed ſome dinerſ monethſ together, and never given them any water, but yetl gaue them moyſt foode,aſ Herbeſ, Appleſ, Rapeſ, and{uch like, or elſe they wouldincurre the Dropſic. Their fleſh iſ ſweet for meat, of a yellowſhip colour, like the Lard of Swine,and there— fore not ſo white aſ iſ our vulgar Cony : they do not dig like other Coneyſ, and for the 49 farther deſcription of their nature, I will expreſſe it in the wordeſ of Mupmaingermſ afore— ſaid ſ for thuſ he writeth. & Ne of themaleſ iſ ſufficient in procreation for ſeuen or nine of the femaleſ, and by _ that meanſ they are made more fruitful, but if you put them one male to one femal, " then will the venereouſ ſalacity of the male procure abortment. It iſ affirmed, that they 'go threeſcore daieſ with young before they litter, and Iſaw of late one of them beare 8. atone time in her wombe, but three of them were ſtifled. They bring forth in the winter, and their whelpeſ are not blind aſ are the conieſ. They are no way ſo harmefull aſother "" are, either tobite or dig, but more tractable in hand ; howbeit vntamable. If two maleſ 5 "" be put to one female, they fight fircely, but they willnot hurt the Rabbetſ. Aſ the male iſ ſ moſtlibidinouſ, ſo doeth he follow the female with a little murmuring noyſe, bewraying < hiſ appetite for generation, without wrath , and theſe arealſo called Spaniſh conieſ, by cc Peter Martyr , who{e nature except in their abundant ſuprefe tation commeth nearer to &: Hogſ then Conieſ. a f n C a e 5 of 10 20 30 OF THE FALLOW DEERE, commonly called a Bucke and a Doe. . & =1| Here are ſome beaſteſ (ſaith P/iny) which nature hath fra— \| } med to haue horneſ grow out of their head, like fingerſ out | of a hand,and for that canſe they are called P/Aticerote: ſuch | iſ thiſ vulgar fallow Deere, being therefore called ceynmſ palmataſ,that iſ a palmed Hart, by reaſonof the ſimilitude the horne hath witk the hand and fingerſ. The Germaineſ call thiſ beaſt Daw, and Dawlin, and Dambirtz.The Italianſ Daino, and Danio 5the French, Diin, and Daim. The Spant— ardſ Gamo, and Cort=a 5 the Creecianſ vnlgarly at thiſ daie Erim I1 Agrimi,and Platogna, and Ariftole Prox : The Latineſ Da— ma, and Damala, becuſe (/e manu) that iſ, it quickly flyeth from the hand of man, bauing no other defence but her heeleſ;and the female przea,and the Polonianſ Laxy It iſ a com— mon beaſt in moſt countrieſ ,'"bcing aſ corpulentaſ a Harr, but in quantity teſembleth morea Roe, except in colout, Eky The 113 the name, @ Gaza 11 + Ofthecir horneſ,color and ocher partſ. What Hippe laphuſ iſ Ariſtotle A ſecret in the blood. Ofthe me— dicineſ The ſeuverall nameſ. _ Fhe Hſtmy of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The maleſ haue horneſ which they looſe yearely, but the femaleſ none at al: their co— four dinerſ, but moſt commonly branded, orſandic on the backe, like the furrow of a new plowed fielde, having a black ſtrake downe allalong thebacke, ataile almoſtaſ long aſ a Calueſ, their bellieſ and ſideſ ſported with white, which ſpotſ they looſe in their old age, and the femaleſ doe eſpecially vary in colour, being ſometimeſ all white, and therefore like vato Goatſ, except in their haire which iſ ſhorter. The hornſ of thiſ beaſt are carried about euery wherete be ſeene, and therefore thiſ iſ alſo likely to be the ſa me beaſt which Ariſtotle called Hippelaphſ aſ ſome wouldhaue it ;yet I rather thinke that Hippelaphwſ waſ Like to that rare ſeenchorfſle which Frazc# the firſt of that name king of France, had pre— ſented vnto him for a gift: which waſ engendred of a horſeand a Hart,and therefore can haue no other name then Hppelaphm,ſignifieng a Horſle—hart. In the blood oftheſe kind of Deere are not ſtringſ or Fibzeſ, wherefore it doth not con. eale aſ other doth, and thiſ iſ aſſigned to be one cauſe oftheir fearefull nature 5 they are allo ſaide to haue no gall: in their horneſ they differ not much from a Harteſ (except in quantity) and for their other partſ they much reſemble a Roe—bucke : their fleſh iſ good for nouriſhment, buttheir blood doth increaſe aboue meaſure melgncholy, which cau— ſed Hieratowrite thuſ of it, after hiſ diſcourſe of the Roe. Damula aduit amagiſ {imatriſ ab vbere raptacſt, Huic prior innoſtro forte erit orbe lecuſ : Eor the preparation or dreſſing of a Bucke, we ſhall ſay more when wee come tothe de— ſcription of a Hart, Alberzmſ tranſlateth the word Algaze//a fallow Deere, andſayeththat the fleſh thereof iſ very hurtfull, being cold and dry and bringeth the Hemmorhoideſ if it be not well ſeaſoned with Pepper , Cinnamon, muſtard ſeed, and hony, or elſe Garlick, which cauſed Zxwenall to ery out vpon the exceſſe of richmen for their feaſtſ and delicate fare, being compared with the ancientſ which lined vpon fruitſ,in theſſ wordſ folowing aſ theyareleft in hiſ cleuenth Satyre. Olmi ex quauniſ arbore men/a fiebat, At nune dinitibuſ canandi nullavoluptaſ : Nil Rhombuſ nil dama apit putere videntur Viguentumatqueroſe,Cre. The dung or fime of thiſ Beaſt mingled with oyle of Myrtleſ, increaſeth haire, and a mendeth thoſe which are corrupt. If the tongue heereofbe perfurmed vnder a leech or ticke that ſticketh in the throat of manor beaſt, it cauſeth theleech to falloff preſentlyſ and the pouder of ſuch a tongue helpeth in a Fiſtula, ſome of the late writerſ do preſcribe the fat of a moul, of a Decre, and of a Beare mingled t ogither to rub the head withall for increaſe of memory. Of the ſecond kind of Deere the R o £—rv c x£r. Egeeng Here iſ ſo great differenceamong writerſ about the name of thiſ beaſt, that C9EOPR) . "]> } 5 e b 8 5 k ſſgſſsfi@j it iſ a difficultand hard matter to ſet downe certainely, in the prime and origi— 57 ty + + . | E% t naltongueſ,; the true and perfeG denomination thereof, yet I will endeauour o MSZ) to goeaſ neere the marke aſ can be, by laying togither all the probabilitieſ that Ifind in other,or obſerue by my ſelfe. To be— _ . e gin therefore with the Hxbrew aſ the fountaine Therepreſantation bott of Maleand Female, of all the reſidue, they call it ZeÞz, and the feminin herof Zzbiah, and therefore in Deut. 14, it iſ per— mitted to the Ieweſ to eate : and the plurall of the Maſculine iſ Zebaznſ,and of the feminine Zebaoth. The Chaldeetranſlation calleth it Zhſb/2, which in the Adſ ofthe Apoſtleſ cap. 9 . iſ called Fabizha,& iſ interpreted Dozc@ſ aRoe : and ſure it iſ probable that the Hgbreweſ ſo call a Roe, becauſe of the out S ward beauty thereof, being fullof ſpotſ vppon a ground or Skin of another colour,ſhew— ing with great delight pleaſant to the beholderſ,which cauſed 1447#/2/ to write thiſ Diſti— gon Se Y8 — 1@ 29 39 49 Of the Roe—bucke. HS 1@ < "HMHHUNnÞÞſſue — 2 /- Iy ſ ſi'ſi/ſi, f 7, f ireoZ 4 ſſ//ſiſſ fl 29 S 5 7 7 Vt 2 TSqieikerint \zit P—//7 con 5 Delitium parno donabiſ dorcadanato, / IncEatiſ ſolet hanc mittere turba togiſ. The Perſianſ callthiſ beaſt Ajx. The Arabianſ, Thabiv, which commethneereto thechal— deeword, the Germanſ Rech or Rech, and the male Rech—bocke, and the female Rech—gerſe The Illyrianſ Serza or Sar4 53the French Chirean, & cheurenlſaunage.The Spaniard, Zo— 7ite,or cabronzillo—monteſ, the Italianſ capriolo, and cauriolo for the male, and eapyjolſ, and cauriolafor thefemale. The Graecianſ Doye@ſ aſ the Septuagintſ do enery wheretranſlate, which Szrabo ter— meth corruptly Zorceſ, alſo Dorx Kemaſ, Nebrouſ, and vulgarly at thiſ day Z47kad/ 5 and 40 Dorcaliſ Dorcadion,for alittleRoe.The Latineſdo alſo vſe the worde Dorc@ſ in common with the Gracianſ, and beſide caprea and capreoluſ for a little Goat, for I donot thinke that any learned man, can finde any difference betwixtcapreſ and capreoluſ, except in age and The reaton.. quantity. Thereaſon of theſe two latter nameſ iſ, becauſe of the likeneſſeit hath with a of the latine Goat, for Goatſ aſ weſhal ſhew in their deſcription haue many kindſ diſtinguiſhed from "***— one another inreſemblaunce , butinthe horneſ a Roe doth ratherreſembile a Hart, for the female haue no horneſ at all. Theſe beaſtſ are moſtplentifull in Affricke, beyond the Sea of carthage, buttheyare of 1 . _, another kind then thoſe which Ariſtotle deniedto be in Affrica :there are allo in ESPDE The Coun— in Geymany, and in the Heluetian Alpeſ.Likewiſe in catadupabeyond Niluſ, in Arabia, in trieſ breed= 5o Spaine, and in Zycia : and it iſ to be obſerued. that the Zyc%in Roeſ doe never goe gſi;:ſſ:ctzſſ ouer the Syrian Mountaineſ. . Aclianuſ doth deliuer theſe thingeſ ofthe LybianRoeſ; 71 ,,,,,, which for the colour and partſ of their body may ſeeme to belong to all. They (ſaithheey Pliny, are of an admirable velocity or ſwiftneſ,bur yetinferiour to the Lybian horſeſ,thcivbelly Srato iſ parted withblacke ſtrakeſ and dropſ, and the other partſ of their body are of a red yeb Tllffſ W lowiſh colour, they haue long feet, but longer eareſ, their cieſ blacke, and their hornſ are ;fſſfſisſifum — an ornament to their headſ, a Their 116 Srumpſiuſ Adbertuſ Pluy. Pan{aniaſ. Belloniuſ, Edlebach, Of their cie— fight, Origen ſuper cant . Textorſ pliny. Cardannſ The place of their aboade Their con— cord with 0 ther beaſtſ (olumello of their ta— king. Belliſarinſ Creſconinſ The vſe of their fieſh, Simion Setht Amcenua, Trallianuſ Apiciuſ The Hiſtor» of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. 'Their ſwiftneſſe doth not onely appeare vpon the earth but alſo vpon the V\'aſſtcrs, for with their feet they cutthe waterſ when they ſwim aſ withoareſ 5 and therefore they %ouc the lakeſ & ſtrong ſlreameſ, breaking the floodſ to come by freſh F?ſtur_c,a; ſweetruſbeſ and Bul—ruſheſ. 'I heir horneſ grow onely vpon the maleſ, andareſet with ſixe or ſeauen brauncheſ, butthe feimaleſ haue no ne,and therforealſo they differ in horne from th; fal— low—deere:ſo aſ they cannot be called Plazzcerare, for their Horneſ are not palmed like a hand, and although they be branchy, yetare they ſporter : they differ not much from the common Deere, butin their horne : and whereaſ the horneſ of other beaſteſ are hollow roward the roote, whereunto.entreth a certaine bony ſubſtance, the þorqcs oftheſe(aſ alſo ofthe vulgarBucke and the Elke) are ſolide, without any ſuch emptineſle ; onely, they 12 are fullof poreſ. It hath alſo beene belecued, that a Roe doth not change her horneſ, be— cauſe they are nener found ; whereaſ intruth, they fallof yearly aſ doth a Hartſ,butthey hide thera, to the intent they ſhould not be found. , It hath likewiſe beene thought, a Roe waſ called in _Gchkc Dorcaſ, becauſe of the quick— neeſ ofhir ſight, and that ſhe can ſee aſ perfectly in thenight aſ in the day ; and not onely f cher ſelfe, but the learned Phyſitianſ haue obſerned, a certaine viſcouſ humour about> hir bowelſ, which being taken forrmand annoynted vponamanſ eieſ, which are darke, heauy, andneere blind, it hath theſame effect to quiken hiſ cie—ſight. It imalto ſaid of them that they nener winke, no notwhenthey ſleepe, for which conceit, their blood iſ preſcri— bed for them that are pur—blind. The taile of thiſ beaſt iſ thorter and lefſer then iſ the fal— ,5 low—Decreſ, infomuch aſ it iſ doubtfull whether it be a taile or not. They keepe for the moſt part in the Mountaineſ among the rockſ, being very ſwift, and when they are purſued by Dogſ,(Martiall ſaithythey hang vpon the rockſ by their hornſ to deceiue the dogſ,after a ſtrange manner ready' to fall and killthemlelueſ,and yethaue no harme, whether the Dogſ dare not approch aſ appeareth inthiſ Epigram: ' Pendentem ſumma capream derupe videbiſ Caſurarn fþereſ, decipit illacaneſ: yet thiſ doth betteragree withthe wild Goatthen with the Roe, aſ ſhalibe manifeſted in duce time. _Alranuſſaith, that the Cypeoproſ/opy, men with Dogſ faceſ line vpon the fleſh of Roeſ and Bugleſ, in the wilderneſſe of Egypt : and alſo it iſ vſuall to conclude them in Parkſ, | . for they wilagree very natwrally with Hareſ and Swine ; wherfore in the Lordſhip which 3 Farro bought of Piſo, it waſ ſeene how at the ſound of a Trumpet, both Roeſ and Boareſ,; would come to their vſuall placeſ formeate: : and although they "bee naturally very wilde, yet will they quickly grow tame and familiar to the hand of man, for plowdwſ did nouriſh many at Rome. Being wilde they are hunted with Dogſ, ſhot with Gunſ,taken innetſ, butthiſfalleth onvtſildome, becauſe they line moſtamong the rockſ. They are moſt eaſily taken in the woodſ. When they are chaſed, they deſire torun a— gainſt the wind, becauſe the coldneſſe of the aire refreſheth them intheir courſe, and therefore they which hunt them place their Dogſ with the wind, for ſometimeſ againſt thehunterſ mindſ,do what they can to the contraty, ſhe taketh hir courſe that way:: but 46 Hartſ when they heare the barkingſ of Dogſ,,vun with the wind,that the ſauor of theirfeet may paſſeaway with them. They are often rake by the counterfaiting of their voice, which the hunter doth by taking a leafe and hiſſing vpon it. They are very good meate ( aſ Ph#oſfrazeſ affirmeth) and that the 7»d/anſ dreſſe at their feaſtſ whole Lyonſand Roeſ fortheir glzc*.ſis to eate ,and the Sophiſfſ in their banket which iſ deſcribed by Arhenenſ, hadRoeſ therein : and therefore Fiera preferreth it beforethe fallow—deere, alledging the agreement that iſ betwixt it and the body of man, being dreſled according to Art. f icoptataferet nobiſ fomenta calore, ſ Vda lenimodiciſ moxque coguenda fociſ. Andthereforealſo affirmeth,that it excelleth all wilde beaſteſ whatſocuer., being not i* onely fitte for nouriſament butfor theſicke, aſ for them that hane the Ch&llickg or the folling euill, or the T/#ppazze, and therefore they are beſt at a yeare olde or vn:ier. Likewiſe, their broath with Pepper , Loneage, ſeede of Rue, Parſley , Hony, Muſtardſeed and Oyle ;and for ſauce to the meatethey take Pepper, Rue,» Hony mcltcd:aſind an onyon: ſometime alſo they ſeeth the hancheſ or hippeſ, and make Paſſtieſ of the ſideſ and ribbeſ, It 0 Of the Roe. < I17 It iſ a Beaſt full of feare, and therefore the fleſh thereof. alchoughitbevery dry 3 yet will Ofthe diſpo— it engender ſome melancholy ; of the feare A447#/all ſaith thuſ : > y t rat Tami deſpar aquile columba non eſt. Hec doycaſ rigido fugar leoni. Aſthe Doucfrom the Eagle, and the Roe from the Lyon, which afterward grew vntoa Pro— verbe. Ithathalſoſome Eperherſ among Authorſ, which doe confirme their diſpoſition ful of feare : aſ flying,weake;wanton, and ſuchlike ; yet will they fight one with another ſo fiercely, that ſometime they kill each other. & They feare alſo the Wolfeſ, whereof came the prouerbe,that firſt of all the Roeſ wil Z:cts*:;ſi:' be ioyned to the Wolfeſ, to expreſſe an incredible matter. They haue alſo beene vſed wre . ' for Sacrificeto Diana, for the Saphrre Women in Pagraſ, did lay vpon hir great altar whole Hartſ, Boreſ , Roeſ and other beaſtſ aline : and the Copyife did eate the Maleſ; but o oeyct religiouſly worſhipped the femaleſ, not daring to.eate them, becauſe they belecuedthat parſinizſ. Ifſloued them dearely. eX liantſ Oftheſe Beaſtſ came the Iſlandſ Capree beyond Surrentum: into Campania, where T+— berinſ had a famouſ Caſtle, and waſ ennobled by hiſ preſence;but ſince the decay there— of,it iſ now celebrated for the multitude of quaileſthat are found therein. "> . The remedieſ or medicineſ comming from thiſ Beaſtare theſe : fitſt, the fleſh of them L};Z:\:(fflch- . eaten, iſ good againſtall paineſ in the ſmall gutſ, for it dryech and ſtayeth the belly. PIPY from a Roe, affirme:h, that the teeth of a Dragon tyed to the ſinneweſ of a Hart in a Roeſ ckinne, and Adarcellnſ woreabout oneſ necke, maketh a man to be grationſ to hiſ ſuperiorſ, and them to be fa— uorable and pitifull to him in all hiſ ſupplycationſ : And if the white Aeſh in the breſt of an A/enda, and ſeuen haireſ thereof with the genitall of a Hart, betyed in a piece ofaRoeſ Skinne, and hanged about a Womanſ necke, it maketh that, her wombe ſhall ſuffer no a— bortementſ ; but theſe thingſ are triviall, and not to be belecued but at pleaſure, Iknow thatthetaile of a Dragontyedto the Nerueſ of a Hart in a Roeſ ſkinne,theſewetof a Roe with Gooſe—greaſe,the marrow of a Hartand anonyon, withRozen& running lime, doe wonderfully help the falling cuill, (ifit be made into a plaiſter. ) Sextuſ ſaith, that if one give the braine of a Roe drawen or preſſed through a ring to an infant, itwill preſerue him for euer from the falling ſickneſſe and apparitianſ. The Li— uer of aRoe ſod in ſalt Water, and the eyeſ of a purblind man held ouer the fume or reak thereof, are cured of their blindreſſe: and ſome ſeeth itin a little cup, and annoynt the eieſ with the ſcumme or froth comming from it. Theſameliver being burned to poul— der, and the duſtcaſt on a man bleeding, ſtaieth the yſſue or fluxe. The gall of thiſ beaſt mixed with Wine, and che meale of Lupineſ the waight of a groate, and Hony, take away the ſpotſ of the face:& the ſame gal mixed with water, belpeth a ſun—burnedface,and frec— kleſ : The ſame with Hony Atticke;taketh away the dimineſ from the cieſ,& withtheinyce of a gourdannoynted vponthe cie—broweſ, cauſeth that where thehaire hath beene pul— | led off, that it neuer ſhal grow againe ; and thiſ gall iſ alway the better for the age thereof, and aſ Aypoczateſ did preſcribe, it muſt bekepr in afiluer pipeorboxe. For the tingling of the eareſ, take with thiſ gall the Oyle of Roſeſ, with the inyce of an Onyon beatentogether, and inſtilled warme into the eareſ for a preſent remedy :ſo alſo, with/the oyle of Roſeſ onely, it helpeth the payne in the teeth, and with the hony at— ricke ,allſwellingſ and paineſ in the iaweſ or chappeſ,puttiog thereto Myrrhe, ſaftron, Sextmſ and Pepper. The ſame gall with a little hoggſ—bread, and the poulder of burnt Alumme with Ardyſeſecede, made into a ſuppoſitory, procureth looſeneſ, ifthe party haue not the Hemerthoideſ. Rurgeſ Alſo the gaulltaken. withhony and.the inyce of Eglantine, cureththe exulceration of ® thevirilemember by annoynting it. The Spleenebeing drunke, helpeth windineſſe, and themeltifcommended againſt the chollicke and the biting of ſerpentſ. i—" | Againſt the Liundiſe they take the dung of a Roedryed and ſifted, and drinke it in wine: — , a the ſamealſo ſo drunkg; euretbthe Ague : and bycauſe the Roe—bucke dothwonderfully louc hiſ female, there beſome that affirme, thatif a woman cate the bladder of a Roe,it willlikewiſe make her huſband to louc her excecdingly. t ere 18 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OF THE FIRST KIND OF TRAGE—. laphuſ which may be called a Decre—goate. 1o 16 \\ 30 49 | Pliyeſ Here iſ another kind ſo like a Deere (although conceined of tORtſ a Bucke—Goate and a female Harty that I cannot but expreſſe W | the figure and briefe narration thereof in thiſ place. It iſlike )a // | a Deere (except the beard and the briſtleſ growing about the ofthe gene= £{, | ſhoulderſyand P/izy affirmeth that they are found about the ruvinn ot thiſ gA\ river Phaſtſ in Arabia and Arachote,which iſ a Citty of Iedia | . ſo called of Arachernſ a river iſſuing from Caneaſwſ whichthe o Atheneuſ Greecianſ call Tragelaphoſ, andthe Germanſ ein Brandbirſe, 5 The coun— o andſome thinke thiſ beaſt to be mentioned by the name of trieſof thiſ | & =| Ako in Dent.14.Thiſ doubrleſ iſ the ſame beaſt which Ari//v— name heerof, "!£ Calleth ppeluphuſ becauſc he attributeth the ſelfe ſamethings to it that P/ipy aſcribeth to thiſ,both for the beard,che briſtleſ,and deepe haire about the ſhoulderſ, which hang— ethdownelike the mane of a horſe. The . Of the Pragelaphuſ<>!> vi 7 irQ The ſimilitude both in proportion and quantity holdeth with a Hart in the feete which are clonuen, and that the female thereof doch want horneſ."Thehorneſ of the male are like the horneſ of a Roe. Therefore howſoener ſome Bauc.imagined that there iſ no ſuch Beaſt to be found in the world, they are rather to be pittied then confuted, for it iſ not to be doubted, that neither the auncientſ nor other ener hane feene all the diverſ and mar— uailouſ ſhapeſ of Beaſteſ, which are to be found in many remote andfar diſtant placeſ of the world, eſpecially in Arabia and Zodia, where are many deſartſ; and therefore the rea— fon why they affirme thiſ,/ſ becauſe they nener ſaw any ' ſuch and ſoit iſ to beynderſtood:for therarepitureſ of theſe beaſtſ called in ancient time Canathra, wheretipon children were , 10 carried in Pageantſ and ſheweſ gaue themoccaſion to think that theſe were but menſ de— o ſſſſof'ſſſſ t uiſeſ, and that God neuer ordained ſuch creatureſ. Georginſ Fabritiuſ which ſent methiſ L;ſſſſi ; t Picture, doth among other thingeſ write vnto me very probably that thiſ kinde iſ onely — diſtinguiſhed from other informe, name, and ſtrength, and not in kind : and thiſ being more ſtrangeand leſſe knowneamong men, waſ called by the Graecianſ Tragz/aphuſ, be— ing greater then the vulgar Deere, deeper haired, and blacker in coloitr,and thiſ(ſaith hey Of the partſ. iſ taken in the ridingſ or forreſtſ of AG/e»4, bordering vppon—gabemid, and the com— — mon ſort of hunterſ hold opinion, that by reaſon it loneth to lie where.Coleſ are made, ;ctſſs*ffſiſig" and in their duſt, feeding vpon ſuch graſſle aſ groweth in thoſe placeſ, that therefore the beai. Germaneſ .call it Brapdbirze, and ſo the Foxeſ whichteſemble themin colour, are called * 29 prandfuſche. Se It iſ for certaine that theſeare greater and ſtronger then Hartſ, their vpper part of the backebeing blacke, and the neather neerethe belly notWhite (aſ in a Hart) but rather ſgſſf'ſſ blackiſh ; but about hiſ genitalſ very blacke. I haue ſeene the horneſ to haue {cauen {} pireſ ſiſſfgſſi: and or brauncheſ, growing out of one of them,being palmedatthetop: Theſearelike to thoſe ealſ 0 12y T he Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Alſoitiſ not to be forgotten, thatthey. hane diverſ!other nameſ to dinſinguiſh their yeareſ and countrieſ ,aſ for example : when' they begin to hauchorneſ, which appeare in the ſecond yeare of their agelike Bodkinſ without brauncheſ , whichare in Latine called Ariſfott: _Sybulechey are alſo cald Subuleneſ for the ſimilitude they haue with bodkinſ,andtheGer. g[?% imtgſ 99 calſuch an one Spirx///#ſ which, in Engliſh iſ called a Spittard,and the Italianſ cor— & Sabulouſ, biat#,but the french haue no proper name for thiſ beaſt that I canlearn vntil hebeathree yearing, and thenthey call him(e/» Gabler) which in Latineare called Eurcariſ:'; ; Andindeed I waſ once ofthiſ opinion that theſe Subr/oeſ were only two—yearing Hartſ, vntilI conſulted with a Sawoyen of Seguſiwm, who didaſſureme from the mouthſ of men to OfBrocar— traind vp in hunting wild beaſtſ from their youth, that thereare akind of Swubuloneſ which t they callalſo Broeardi with ſtraight and vaforked horneſ except one branch, in themouin— taine of Zy4 nearethelake Lepanwſ, and that theſe alſo do line among other Harteſ, for there waſ ſeene neere a monaſtry called the Roman Monaſterie by certaine huriterſ ,in the yeare 15 53. a vulgar Hart with branched horneſ, and hiſ female, and likewiſe with a Sy— < bulon or Brocarde , which when in purſuit he waſ conſtrained to leape from rocketo rock, to get to the Water, he brake hiſ legge and ſo waſ taken. Theſe Brm:rd:c are aſ The quanti— great in quantity aſ other vulgar Harteſ, but their bodieſ areleaner and they ſwifter in boneſ . Conele,. Ccardſ. ſ — : P — Oftheir They haue but one braunch growing out of the ſtem of their horne, which iſ not big— _ hornſ. ger then a manſ finger, and for thiſ caute in the rutting time, when they ioyne with their 20 femaleſ, they eaſily onercome the vulgar Hart, with hiſ branched and forked horneſ. The hunterſ call thiſ 3rocard the ſhield—bearer to the reſidue, for by him they are delinerd be—. ing hunted : for whereaſ it iſ the nature of the vulgar Hart, to get into ditcheſ, and hide himſelfe in hollow placeſ when he heareth the houndſ, thiſ beaſt neuer coucteth any ſe— cret place to couer himſelfe, but runneth ſtilin the ſight of dogſ, who leaue the other that hide themſelueſ, becauſe they keepe thiſ on foot : and ſowhen the hunterſ are paſſed by the lurking hartſ, they returne back againe, being ſafe both from netſand dogſ,while the poore Brocard iſ chaſed vnto death. ® \ Theſe being old, are alſo known by their teeth and hornſ, for they neuer change them, butit iſ queſtionable whether they haue any hindſ or femaleſ, although my Authour in— 3% formeth me,that he heareth ther be alſo hindſ with hornſ like theſe,being not aboue one ** finger long ; whichifit be true, it iſ not improbable that theſearethe femalſ of thatkind, wherunto I yeeld more eaſily, becauſethe vulgar hindſ wil not admit copulation with the Brocard ,exceptthey be conſtraind,and aſ itwere rauiſhed againſt their wil, from whence it co}znmcth that they are ſo rare and ſeldom bred:their fleſh iſ much ſweeter then the vul— garkartſ. Thefigure of the face and horneſ. T hauetherefore heere expreſſed the figure of the heade p ! of thiſ beaſt with hiſ horneſ ,which iſ alſo called Amamprza or aBurgundian Brocard, whoſe horneſ are at the longeſtabout 40 cighteencincheſ long, and at the ſhorteſt about nine incheſ, wherof thatpart which cleaucth to the head iſ bunchy and in— dented:thelongeſt aſ they grow inlength,do more and more ſtad out one from another turning vp at the top likea bowe, buttheleſſer do not ſtand out ſo farre, and bend very little at the point; and whereaſ in the vulgar hartſ the root of the horm iſ but in a round circle ,aſ it wcrc%aſtncd vpon the ſcull of the beaſt, in thiſ the bony rooteſ lie within the Skinneſ much cLecpcr, aſ may be eaſily diſcerned by comparing both togi— ther. # 3 Thereaſon why I call thiſ Byrgumdiap hart or Subulam A— — namynta, iſ becauſe it not onely wanteth the manifolde brauncheſ of vulgar Harteſ, but that allo which iſ called AJayzzz, 50 "*There Io 20 30 0 4 Of the Hart and Hinde. 123 Thereareanother ſort of Hartſ called Achaivi bred in Creet neere Arhea, whereaſ in all other parteſ of e/eer there are no Hartſ, wherof it iſ affirmed by Gazſ that there waſ Aiſv/e. one of them which had a bough of greene Tuy growing in hiſ horneſ, it waſ conieGured Q {"*A— that when itwaſ young, ſome ſprig of that Tuy waſ taken in a ſlifeer of the horne, which by CG::ſiz- e rezſon of ſome noutiſhment it found in the horirnaturall to thattree being like a rockye a myracle in ſubſtance, it there grew to more perfection. Theſe are alſo called Spathene,although that :Zfſſfſi(?ſi]foſſ terme be alſo given vnto vulgar Hartſ to ſignifie their full age, yet ſomeare of opinion Arhexew, that thiſ Achew/e Hartwaſ butaninuention or fgment made in bred, for there waſ in an— tient time a kind of loafe called Achazrzeſ in the likeneſſe of a Hart, Ireceined alſo of that learned man Zoh» The pi&ure of another face and horneſ. Cay, another head out of England which he conie%ureth to be the head of the pal— medBucke, aſ it waſ called by Zw/inſ capi— tolinuſ , which I do not take to differ from the fallow Deer : and yet becauſe thiſ ſee— meth to be of the moſt exeellent kind , I hanethought good to expreſſe it. in thiſ lace, being farre different from allother Eorncs of thiſkinde of Beaſteſ, and more beautifull. Hartſare bred in moſt countrieſ,but the auncientſ do celebrateand preferre thoſe ofzritaine before other ,; where they ate ofdiuerſ colourſ both white and blacke, aſ Pawſiniaſ affirmcth. In Oedor a region of Aſia, toward the Northerne Oczean, they ride vpon Hartſ ; likewiſethereare martſ in Scythia :and the people cald Me— ditewliich areſubieG& to thekingſ of Tar— tariaymake their nartſ ſotame, that they alſo ridevppon them : there are none in treet except intheregion of the cydoniteſ. therearealſo in the woodſ of ne/wet#@,but notſo many aſ intime paſtbecauſe De— mucratieſ do not nouriſh game and— plea— ſureſ likevnto Monarchieſ,and therefore — they are daily killed by the vulgar ſort; there beinig no law againſtit. B a Trowien The Hartſ of He//port,and about Argz2uſ/ahaue one of their eareſ ſlitor Eut aſi under, ;ffflſſ::l:ct & by nature in their damſ belly , and therefore they nevuer go onerthe Mounitaineſ into 0— A fecret in — ther regionſ : aſ indeed it iſ the property of all Hartſto loue, y their natiiie ſoileſ aboue ** ©*" all other placeſ. There iſ a citty called Pra in A/Gyi##;ncere the bankſ OfEuphrareſ; where IZZ;Z'M are many flockeſ of Hartſ, of whom many timeſ ſeme'are ſlaine with Dartſ, and otherſ aſ A byſtory— they ſwinm away to theiraccuſtomed ſolitudeſ are oppreſſed in the water by the weight of Oareſ, and ſo taken. Theyare for the moſt part ſand—coloured, and intermingled with ſome whiteſpotſ, eſpecially theHindſ and their calueſjandſometimeſ milk—whice,which happeneth vnto them by fome defe&in their nouriſhiment before they be calued: and for Polltxe natutalimbecillity, ſohaite I ſeen white Bearſ, Hateſ, Quaileſ, Partridgcs,and Swallowſ. Zct[ſſ'ſi"ſſ — When Appoloniuſ aindhiſ Colleagueſ trauelled by Paracſ a citty of India,they ſudden— Iour. t ly heard a noiſe like the ſound of a pipe, and while they looked about to ſee what it ſignifi— Ariſorle ed, they perceiued that it waſ the pipe of a keeper or Forreſter , which gouerned a whole B%/e . flocke of white Hartſ : ſuch an one aſ thiſ waſ thehatt of SerrForivſ that Noble Captain, Effiſt et whereby he led hiſ army , aſ they were perſwaded by it, who affirmed that it waſ a Spaniſh -P/ſi:zſirzþ_ Prophetorwizard givento himbya certain Z#//##27/a» whom he took inan Iſlandof Por— Gellinſ, tugall;ſaying moreouer that ſhe waſ inſpired by D/274, and that ſhee had authority from M 2 , we nſ that Of the regi— onſ breeding Hartſ. Solinuſ. T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. that Goddeſſeto admoniſh him ,and make the hartſ of hiſſouldiorſ cleaue faſt vnto him , and therefore if atany time he miſcaried in hiſ proceedingſ, he could eaſily pacifiethem © from mutinieſ, in ſay ing ; that hiſ hart ſet himvppon that enterprize, ſo putting off the Of their hornſ, & the beauty of them, faultcunningly from himſelſe to the beaſt for feare of defection , wherforealſo theſewer vſed in the Sacchanalſ of Cracouia, and theit fleih being ſofter,iſ peculiarly termed by the French //eraiſon. Theſe do excellall other in the beauty of horneſ, which are very high, yet growthey not to their boneſ or ſkalpſ,but to theit ſkin, branching for th into many ſpicreſ,being ſolide throughout, and aſ hard aſ ſtoneſ, and fall off once euery yeare, but ifthey remaineabroad in che aire, where ſome wind and raine fall vpon them, ſoaſ now they are wet, and anon dry againe, they growaſ light aſ any vaniſhing or ſofter ſubſtance aſ I haue proned by experience, finding ſome which haue bin loſt by them in the woodſ : wherefore I gather that they are of an earthly matter concrete and hardned with a ſtrong heat made like vnto boneſ. It muſt be vnderſtood that the maleſ onely are horned, and yet haue they ſmall benefite by them, becauſe (aſ Iſaide) they growe but within theyr 3kin, andtheſe alſo they looſe enery yeare in the ſpring time. At one yeare old they haue nothing but ſimall buncheſ, aſ it were ſignificationſ of their horneſ to come growing on their head; attwo yeareſ old they appeare more perfetly but ſtraightand ſimple;at three yeareſ they grow forked into two ſpiereſ, at foure into three, and ſo increaſe enuery yeare in their braucheſ till they be ſix, and aboue that time you cannort certainly diſcerne their age by their heade, for theithorneſ or ſpiereſ grow not more in number although their yearſ make them greater in quantity: yet the old Hartſ do want theſe two brancheſ which the Greecianſ call Aryyzzeraz, and the Latineſ Admizicula, becauſe they firſt comeforth: and Lhauceheard thatthere were Hartſ hornſ in an Apothicarieſſnop of Antwerp,which had euctic one fifteene brancheſ vpon one ſtem,which if it be true, it goethbeyond alex— perience: Enery yeare inthe month of Aprillthey looſe their horneſ, and ſo hauing loſt The time of them, they hide themſelueſ in the day time, inhabiting the ſnadowy placeſ, to auoide the looſing thei horneſ. Plzſſaſſ]. aX limnuſ 2 hiſtory. of a Hartwithg. hornſ. © annoyance of flieſ, and feed onely diring thattime in the night. Their new horneſ come forth like buncheſ at the fieſt, and afterward by the encreaſe of the.Sunſ heate, they grow more hard, conered with a rough ſkinne, which the hunterſ for honourſ ſake call a Vel— uet head, andaſ that Skinne dryeth, they daily try the ſtrength of their new headevppon treeſ, which fiot only ſerapeth off the roughneſ,but by the pain they feelinrubbing them, they are taught howlong to forbear the company of their fellowſ;for at laſt when in their chafing orfretting of Hſſleir_ new horneagainſtatree, they can nomorefeele any ſmart or greefein them,they takeiit for high time to forſaketheir ſolitary dwellingſ, and. return a — gaine to their former condition like one that iſ ſupplicd withnew armſ after the looſing of hiſ old. The tender and new horneſ the Germanſ call Mpyych/ and Kulben : theſe being ta— "ken from the beaſt are accounted among great noble men a delicate diſh of meat.Cyprinſ iſ ſaid to haue a Hart with foure horneſ, which waſ called Mrcereoſ,and by him dedicated to Apollo, which 1 do therefore remember in thiſ place; becauſe it iſ ſeldome ſeene that t 30 a Hart can bear naturally abouc two hornſ.Authorſ do generallie affirm ,that when a Hart 49 Path loſthiſ horneſ, he hideth them in ſomeſecrer place, becauſe he vnderſtandeth ſome ecret vertueſ, are contained in them,, which mankind ſeeketh for;andthcreforehe either — enuying the good of other,,or fearing leaſtthey bewray hinm hecreafter to hunterſ;taketh 7 whereby it waſ gathered, that heſhould be Whether He A?i/fe#le affirmcth, that the left horne iſ never found; and Pliny, right or left horn be moſt © pretiouſ, chc?beſt careand prouidence hiſ diſcretien can affoordſſc, that they nevuer come to the han dling of men . When the people aſked) Avollo what they ſhouldedoe. with Procleſ their Tyrant, the Oracle anſwerd that he ſhould %o tothat place where Hartſ caſttheix hornſ: I aine and buried in the earth, and thi d the prouerbe : 7b7 cerui abiciunt cormnazto ſignific a deſperate buſineſ: yeſir could :: :Zltſſ!eac agreed, whether the Hart makemore account of hiſright horne or hiſ left, and therefore 5gan thattheri fenel uer found. ghthorn iſ ne Thiſ difference may be reconciled with eaſe , for right and leftare ſo tearmed for three ' cauſeſ, or three manner of waieſ. Firſt, properly in allcreatureſ, according to the bct:c'c- ning of motion. Secondlie, for fimilitude or likeneſſe, aſ the right andlc%c ſide of ibm. geſ pſtatneſ, &c. Thirdly, improperly when: the right ſide cſi),f one thing ſta (:i rlim- — gainſt the left ſide of another, being oppoſite, aſ when two men ſhndeofizccſitoc fac: . 7 Ofthe Hart and Hinde. a 125 and by thiſ reaſonmay theleſt horne of Ayi/forle, and the right horne of Pliny ſignifie all one thing : but weknow that the horneſ ofhartſ are found yearly both in fieldſ & woodſ. The wilde Hartſ of Saymatia neere Turky, haue the greateſt horneſofallother, for it hath bene proued that one paire of them haue waighed forty poundeſ Troy weight and Z?Z:\Zo'ſi' abouc : and there they looſetheir horneſ in March, neither do. they falloff together, but Har:ſ, 7 firſt one, and then the other, and after ther firſt falling, it iſ manifeſt that a certaine worm getteth on themand maketh vppon them many circleſ and little. furroweſ whereby the roote or baſiſ being weakened, the horne groweth very white in that place, and yetnot withoutſomeapperaunce of blood remaining which clc:jlucth toitſ from the ſirſt falling Bonareſ off: for, when the head o fthiſBeaſt iſ diſarmcd,chcrctc yſlueth blood fromthe ſcul, and in appearance the naked place iſlike a wound, and yer it iſ wonderfu 1\(_) marke;that.within 3. daieſ theſameiſ healdandfiled withthe blood which congealeth in that placefirſtto a . ſinnue; andafterward to ahard bone; foaſ in Auguſtatthe fartheſt,the horneſ AEPET— The reaſonſ fe&, andtherefore theEgyprtianſ to deſcribe a long—lined:man, picture a Hartldoſinge why Harceſ hiſ horneſeuery yeareand new comming in their place. If any man bcdcſirgus toknow f:(cti?[ ut the reaſonſ, why onely beaſtſ of thiſ kind looſe their horneſ in thiſ ManEry IWilnOt pare Hornſ yearly. my paineſtoſerdownethebeſt which Authorſ have. rendred for thiſ woonder of na— ture. f : Firſt, becauſe of the matter whereof—they confſiſt, for it iſ dry and earthy like the ſub— 26 ftance of green leaueſ, which fal off yearly, wanting glewing or holding moiſtureto.con— tinue them; and for thiſ canſethehorne of a hart cannot be bent: Secondly, ffom the place they grow vpon, for they are not rooted vpon the ſcull, but onely within the Skin. 3:, from their efficient cauſe, for theyare hardned both with the heat of ſummerand cold of winter, by meaneſ whereofthe poreſ to receinetheir nouriſi bingliquor, ate veterly ſhut vpandſtopped; ſo aſof neceſſity their natine heat dyeth : which falleth nor out in other Beaſtſwhoſe horneſare for the moſt part hollow, and fitted forlonger continuance,but theſeare of leſſer, and the new bunchieſ ſwelling vp toward thef pring; dothruſtoff the old horneſ, being holpe either by the bougheſ of treeſ, by the weight of thehormſ; orby the! willing excuſſion of the beaſt that beareth them. Depay07izuſ and other(aſ Gillinſ and Aelia= 4 nDNmTleſ 30 ##5) give other reaſonſ, butbecauſe they ſeeme to be far fetched; Lwil omitthem—Yet by eret of gel— the waic it iſ to be noted, thatif a hart be libbed or gelded when he iſ youg henever bea— ded tt rethhorneſyor veric ſimal oneſ, and if hiſ hornſ be vpon him at the time ofgelding.they! Pzſſſtſſ 4 never waxe leſle, or greater ,or fall of. Thehindſ nener beare horneſ atall; aſ ſome hane . affirmd,but Irather beleeue Ceſ/@7, Maximilian, and Zenodotuſ,who affirm vpon their kno ledge that hindſ in ſome countrieſ haue horneſ like the maleſ: aſ likewiſe it iſ obſerned in the Elephantſ of India, and forthiſ cauſe the Poetexpreſſed the hinde which! nouriſhed Telephuſwith horneſ, and that which Aryculeſtooke with Golden horneſ , and it iſ for cer— taine, that in Ethyopia and Lybia;bothſexeſ haue horneſ. Theface of thiſ beaſt iſ fleſby , hiſ Noſtrilſ flat; and hiſ necke very long; hiſ eareſ, fome greater, andſome ſmaller, but in the mount E/aphwſand Helleſpont they are ſlit.It iſ obſet= T;he ſeverall ued, that when a nart prickethvp hiſ eareſ he windeth ſharpe, very far and ſure; and diſf—* concreth all treachery againſt him , butif they hange downe and wapg,, he perceivueth no Ayyſforke, danger.By their teeth iſ their age diſcerned , and they haue foure on both ſideſ, where— with they grind theyr meate, and beſideſ two other mu chgreater in the malethen in the Ariſole female, andthey bend downward to bitewithal. Alltheſe beaitſ haue wormſ in their headſ & bred vnderneath their tongucina hollow place, where the neck—bone iſ ioynedto theſ , heade; whichare not bigger then ſuch aſ Elyeſ blow in rotten fieſh. Theyareingendted » together one withavother, and theyare in number twenty, aſ ſome wouldhaueit, butI : waſ ginen to vnderſtandby onethatſawea headeofthiſ beaſt difſected; wherein were 50 Farſiy more Wormeſ, and not contained inlone place, but ipreade all ouer the cad. The breaſtiſ by the Frenchmen called peculiarly Zzmpan, hiſ blood iſ notlike other beaſteſ, for ithath no Zibrerorſmall veiieſ in it, and therefore it iſ hardly congealed. #iſ heart iſ very great, aſ it ſo falleth out in all fearefull beaſtſ, bauing in it a bone like a a croſſe—aſ ſhallbe afterward manifeſted. niſ belly iſ not of one faſhion aſ itfalleth out in all other which chew the cud, M 3 E6 I0 126 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. He hath no gall, which iſ one caitſe of the length of hiſ life, andtherefore alſoarchiſ bowelſſobitter that theDoggeſ will—not touch them, except they bevery fat.. The A— . chaian Hartſ are ſaid to: have their gall in their taileſ, and other ſay that Hartſ haue a gal Jlſſſſſſctlct in their eareſ. The Hartſ of Bziletum and Tharne haue their raineſ Quad@rupled or foure— PWD+ fould. The genitall part iſ allneruy, the taile ſimall, and the Hindehath vdderſbetwixt Offtheir diſ— herthigheſ with foure ſpeaneſ likea cow. Both maleand female are woonderfully ſwift poſition. and ſubtileaſ ſhallbe ſhewed in the diſcourſe oftheir huntiog; They are alſo apt:and fflſeſſ] +.. . cunning toſwim, although in their ſwimming they ſee noland; yer doe they wind it by curc?fzy{on. theirnoſeſ. | They chew the cud like other beaſt. Iviſreported thatwhena Hartiſ ſtung by a Serpent, that by eating Elepho/eam» : (thatiſ, aſ ſome callit: Hartſ eye, otherſ Harc— thorne, or grace of God, otherſ wilde Ditany,) it preſently cureth the wound and expel— < leth the poyſon ;the ſameverrue they attribute to Pobpodze, againſt thewound of a Dart, ;frt;\cct::food Hauing thuſ entered into mentionvof their foode, it iſ to befarther obſerued, that the E maleſ of thiſ kind will eat Dwall or night—ſhade which iſ alſo called Deatheſ—hearbe, and they alſo lone aboue all other food wildeE!lder, ſo aſ in the Summer time they keepe for the moſtpart in thoſeplaceſ wheretheſe planteſ grow, eating the leaueſ onely; and not afecrerin the bougheſorſprigſ: butthe Hind will eat neither of both, except whenſhe bearetha gſſ Hik';d . male in her belly, and then alſo by ſecret inſtinG of nature, ſhe feedethlike a male. They Se ſi,:;;(: willalſo eate Serpentſ, butwhether for hatred to.them, or for medicine they receine by out oftheyr them, it iſ queſtionable.A Hart by hiſ noſe draweth a Serpent out of her hole, and there 29 holeſ 24 _fore the Grammrianſ derived Elaphoſ a Hait, from Elancin touſ opbeiſ, that iſ, of driving a— am 0 wherefore they eatand way Serpentſ. devoure the _ J canniot afſent to the opinion of Acliawwſ,;thataffirmeth the Serpentſfollow the breath of a Hartlike ſome Philtte or amorouſ cup ; for ſeeing that all Authorſ holdan hoſtility innatureſ betwixt them, it iſ not probablethat the Serpentloneth—the breathof a beaſt, vnto whoſe whole body he iſ an enemy, with a perperuallantipathy.Andifany reply, that the warine:breath of a Hart iſ acceptable to the cold Serpent, and thattherefore the fol— lowethit, aſ a Dogge creepeth to the fire, or aſ other beaſtſ the beameſ of the Sunne, I willnot greatly gaine—ſay it,ſecing by that meaneſ it iſ moſtcleare, thatthebreathdoeth ' notby anydecretforce, or vertue, extract and drawher out of the Denne, but rather, the concomitant qualiry ofheate, which iſ not from the ſecretfire.in the boneſof the Harteſ ** throat {aſ! Pliny hath taught) but rather from her ordinary expiration,;inſpiration,and re= \ Spiration.For it cannot be;that ſeeing al the partſ of a Serpentare oppoſite to a Hart,cthat there ſhould beany loue to that whichkilleth her. ; For my opinion Ithinke that the manner of the Hartſ drawing the Serpent out of her Den iſ not aſ Acliaxuſ and P/iny affirmeth,;by ſending into the caue a warme breath which burnethand ſcorcheth the beaſtout of her den, but rather when the Hart hath found the Serpentſ neſt, ſhe draweth the aireby fecret and violent attraction out from the Serpent. who to ſaue her life followeth the ayre out of her den, aſ when a veſſell iſ broched or vcn-, ted, the wine followeth the flying ayre, and aſ a cupping—glaſle draweth blood out of a 40 Secatified place of the body : ſo the Serpent iſ! drawne:vnwillingly to follow her deſtroi— cer,and notwillingly aſ Acliayſſ affirmeth: iine f . (Vato thiſ opinion both 0»/baſ/vſ in hiſ commentatieſ vpon the Aphoriſmeſ of Zjp— . . potrateſ and:Guniteriuſ hiſ reſtorer do ioyntly agree : butthe Serpent being thuſ drawne forth, addeth greater force to her poyſoii, wiz reupont he pronerbiall admonition did a— riſeſ Canencincideriſ in ſerpentemſ, cum extracte a latebriſ anhelitucerni,effugerit, tum enim eAlianm. propter,iracundiam vehementiuſ eivenentiim eſt, that iſ, Beware thou meete not v:itha Ser— pent drawn out of her hole by the breth of a Hart,foratthattime by reaſon of her wrath her poiſon iſ more vehement. After thiſ ſelfeſame mannerdoe the ſea—Ramſ, drawe th; Sea—calfeſ hid inthe Subtfrrafle_ctm Rockſ,for by ſinelling they prevent the ayr that ſhould 5 come vnto them for refrigeration. Cillinſ. There iſ many timeſ ſtrange confliGſ betwixt the Hartand the Serpent, thuſ drawne "The fight be forth, for the Serpent ſecing her aduer{ary lifteth her neckeaboue the ground ,and graſh— :ſſ; :;:cſiſi ethat the_Hart with her teeth, breathing out very bitter hiſſin gſ: on the cdncraFy the 3 Hart dcndmgthc vaine endevour ofhiſ weakeaduerſary, readier to fight then powe;full 12 0 w2 Of the Hurt and Hinde. 127 to harme him , ſuffereth him toembrace both hiſ neckeand Leggeſ with hiſlong and thin body, butatan inſtant teareth it into an hundred pieceſ. Butthe moſt ſtrange combatſ are betwixt the Hartſand Serpentſ of Zib/@,where the hatred iſ deeper ; and the Serpentſ watchthe Hart when he lyeth a ſleepe on the ground, and being a multitude of them, ſet vpon him together, faſtening their poyſonfull reethin enuery part of hiſ ſkinne 5 ſome on hiſnecke and breaſt ; ſome on hiſ fideſ and backe, ſome on hiſ Leggeſ, and ſome hange vpon hiſ priny partſ, biting him with mortall rage, to ouerthrow the ir foe. The pooreHartbeing thuſ oppreſſed with a multitnude,and pricked with venemouſ painſ afſayeth to runne away, but all in vaine, their cold earthy bodyeſ and winding taileſ, both onercharge hiſ ſtrength, and hinderhiſ pace : he then in arage with hiſ teeth, feete, and horne afſſaileth hiſ enemieſ, whoſe ſpeareſ arealready entred into hiſ body, tearing ſomeofthem in pieceſ, and beating: otheraſunder : they never theleſſe (like men)yknow— ing that now they muſt dye rathet' then give ouer and yeald to their pittileſerenemy, cleaue faſt, and keepethe hold of their teeth vpon hiſ body, although their other parteſ be mortally wounded , and nothing left but their headeſ, and therefore will dye together with their foe, ſecing if they wereaſunderno compaſſion can delay or mitigate their nam— rallvnappeaſeable hatred. SMOT . The Hartthuſ hauing eaſed himſelfe by the ſlaughter of ſome, (like an Elephant) at the ſight of their blood, beſtirreth:himielfe more bufily in the eager batraile, and therfore a0 treadethſomevnder foote inthe blood of their felloweſ, otherſ he purſtethwith tooth and hotrne, vntillhe ſee them all deſtroyed : and whereaſ the headſ hang faſt in hiſ ſkinne, for anoyding and pulling themforth, (by a deuine naturall inſtinet) he flieth or runneth to the Wiaterſ, wliere he findeth ſea—crabſ, and of them he maketh a medicine, whereby he ſhaketh offthe Serpentſ headeſ, cureth their woundeſ, and auoideth all their poyſon ; thiſ valiant courage iſ in Hartſ againſt Serpentſ, wheraſ they are naturally affraidofHareſ and Conieſ, and willnot fightwith them. —!*— i; & It iſ no leſſe ſtrange that Hartſ willeate Serpen'tſſ but the reaſon iſ, formedicineand cure; for ſometimeſ the poreſ of hiſ body aredulled and ſhutvp ; ſometimeſ the wormſ ofhiſ belly doe aſend into the roofe of hiſ mouth, while he chewerh hiſ cud; andthere 2o cleaue faſt: forremedy whereof the Hart thuſ affected, runneth:abouttoſeckefor Ser— pentſ, for hiſ devouring ofa'Serpent, iſ a cure of thiſ— Malady. : Tſedoriſ, Plinyſaith, thatwhen the Hart iſ olde, and preceivueth that hiſ ſtrength decayeth, hiſ haire change, and hiſ horneſ drye aboue cuſtome, that then for the renewing of hiſ ſtreagth, he firſ devoureth a Serpent, andafterwardrunneth to ſome Fountaine of wa— terandtheredrinketh, which cauſethan alteration in the whole body ; bothchanging the haireandhorne: and the WWriterof the Gloſſe vppon the 42. Pſalme, which begin— neth, Like aſ the Hart deſireth the Water ſpringeſ ſo longeth my Joule after Ged 5 confitrmeth thiſ opinion. Vin}:emius Belluacenſiſ affirmeth,that Hartſ eate Serpentſ, for to curethe dimneſſeof , theireye—ſight. Butfor the ending of thiſ queſtion, we muſt conſider that there are two . . . . .1 4"* Ekindſ of Hartſ ; one which by the drawing forth of a Serpent ont ofherhole, doth pre— kindſ othortſ ſently kilther by ſtamping hir vader feet, thiſ eateththat Serpent, and runnethtoſpring— ing Water, after that he feeleth the poyſon to make hiſ body ſwell, and then by drinking doth vomit forth the poyſon, andin' the meane time looſeth both haire and horne; zet the Monkeſ of Meſieſ» affirme, that the Hart thuſ poyſoned docth onely coucr her ody in the cold water and not drinkethereof, for that were exitiall vnto her,butſhe ſen—= dethforth certaineteareſ, whichare turned into. a ſtone (called zrz4Þar) of which ſhalbe more ſaid heereafter. The other kind of Hartſ when hee findeth a Serpent; killeth it, and doethnot eate it, and immediately after the viGtory returnech to feede in the Moun: 50 EADES: i The enemy Hartſ are oppoſed by Wolneſ, for many Wolueſ together doth ouercome a Hart beaiteſ o and therefore it iſ but a fable of Sz/abo, that the Wolueſ and hartſ line tame rogether in F**ſ— the Woodeſ ofthe yexer?. Theſe kind of Wolueſ are called Theeſ, and they eſpecially } __ ,,, feare theſe Wolueſ when they haue Joſt their horneſ, and feede onely in thenightſeaſon, moilc which cauſed Owidto wiite thuſ ; 10 Etymolo Gitſe PVarintſ, Viſſ 128 Albertuſ Ariſtotle Of the feare of harrſ. Crinituſ. Nelridi uſ 'The epithetſ of a Hart. A kind of au= dacionſ hartſ Schneberg: Play. The ſubtilty of a Hart, & theirinſtruc— tien and vſe. Ariſtotle Iridovuſ. The ſeverall kindſ ofhartſ aſccret a — gainſt poiſon Solinuſ aeAlianuſ. > Ofthe ſwim ming of hartſ Tretzeſ Gilliuſ, Oppranuſ. Pliny Solinuſ. Theirloue otmuſicke, T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. Viſafugit njmphe :weluti perterritafuluum, © GCerua lupum, &c. i a } Eſ They are afraid alſo of the firſtand ſecond kinde ofEagleſ, forwiththeir wingeſ they raile much duſtabout the Hartſ, and then they being halfe blind, the Eagleſ pulout their eteſ, or elſe o beate their featherſ about their faceſ,chat they hinder their ſight, and cauſe * them to fall downe headlong from the Mountaineſ: they fearealſo the ganning ofFoxeſ, and the Lynxeſ doelikewiſelye in waite to hurt them.Theſe areaboue al other fourefoo. tedBeaſteſ both ingeniouſ and featefull, whoaltbough they hanelarge horneſ,yer their defence againſtother foure—footed Beaſteſ iſ to runne away. For thiſ c%mſc:; inauncient time a fugitive Boy orſeruant waſ called a Hart, and ifhe ran away twice, Cantharion, whichGanztharion waſ a Spartan fugitive, that firſtran to the enemy, and afccrward from them came backe againe to Sparza. And Murtiall thuſ deſcibeth 4L@ewſ, who being 0+ vercome by 2hillip King of Macedon ran away like a Hart : Trux ſpirituſille philippi, Cernorum curſu prapete lapſuſ abit. i The Epithetſ expreſſing the qualitieſ of thiſ Beaſt are many : aſ nimble,or agile, win— ged, orſwift—paced, fulof yeareſ, quick—footed, horned, wandering, feareſull, flying, fugitive, light, wood—hunter, wilde, and lively. There are of them very audationſ,for they willſetvpon men aſthey trauailethrough the Weoodſ': and it iſ obſerued, thatthe wrath— fullHatt hath few buncheſ on hiſ horne, neither iſ it ſo long aſ. otherſ, but bunched at the roote, yetallof them being preſſed with dogſ.or other wilde beaſtſ, will flyc vnto a manforſuccor. It iſ reported by Phillip Mclaxchton,that in Locha (a towne of Saxony) there waſ a Hart, which before rutiing time would enuery yeare leape ouer the Walleſ, and runne ouer rockſ and Mountaineſ, and yet returne home againe, vntillthetime that Dyke Fredericke dyed, and then the Hart went forth but neuer recurned againe. The male when he feeleth himſelfefat, liueth ſolitaryandſecret, becauſe heknoweth the weight of hiſ body will eaſt— ly betray him to the hunterſ if he be huctectand purſued. The female commonly calueth neere the high wayeſ, of purpoſe to auoyde noyſome beaſtſ to her young one, who doe more auoidetheſight of man then her ſeife. Alſo it iſ reported, that AMrrbredateſ hada Bull, a Horſſe, and a Hart, for hiſ guard beſide men; who would not bebribedto ſuffer Traytorſto kill him being a ſleepe. Moreouer it iſ ſaide of Preolemewſ Fhiladelphe jthat ha— uing a hinde calfegiven vnto him, he brought it vp ſo familiarly tame, and accuſtomed it to wordſ, that at lengthitſeemed to vnderſtand the Greeke language : And , Juſtariſeth, and alſo in May 5 and then whereaſ at other timeſ the Maleſ line apart from the Femaleſ,they goe about like latciniouſ wooerſ;ſecking the company of their femalſ, aſ it were at the Market of Vegwſ. The Maleſ in their raging deſired lyſt, have a peculiar voyce, which the French call Palil: by a feigned word Reere, and the Germanſ Brulem, and the Latinſ tearm Raneere53andthe Beaſteſ ſo affected O/olygozeſ. VV hen they find theyFemaleſ, the are receined with feare, then in ſhort ſpace one male willcouer many femaleſ, continuing in thiſ carnallappetite 7;,..;. Goptin ameonthor two : their femaleſ doe—fildome admit copulation, being theerein like vnto lation. Coweſ, by reaſon of the rigour of the maleſ genitall : andtherefore they ſinke downe on Ar/fetk their Buttockeſ when they teele the genitallſeede , aſ it hath beene often obſerued in tame Hartſ, and if they can thefemaleſ runne away, the maleſ ſtrining to holde them backe with their forefecte : butſurely heerin they differ from allother : it cannot welbeſaid that . 4 they are couered ſtanding , lying, or going ,(but rather running)for ſoare theyfilled with Briſtorle greateſtcelerity. . When one month or ſixe Weekeſ of their rutting iſ paſt, they grow tame againe, lay— ing aſideall fierceneſſeand returne to their ſolitary placeſ, digging euery one of them by himſelfe a ſeuerall hole or Ditch, wherein they lie, to aſwage the ſtrongeſauour of their Iuſt, for they ſtinke'like Goateſ, and their face beginneth to Waxe blacker then at other timeſ ; and in thoſe placeſ they live, vntillſomeſhewerſ diſtill fromthe Cloudeſſ after which, 'they returne to their Paſture againe, and liue in flockeſ together aſ be— fore. : Thefemale being thuſ filled, never keepeth company with the male againe vntillher The chaſtty burthen be deliuered, which iſ, eyght monthſ 5 forſo long doeth ſhe beare her young? ofhindſ ſi}ſſ:ct before her Caluing, ſhe purgeth hir ſelfe by eating Seſeliſ,or Siler of the Mountaineſand ** ""E*% 2 — — — — A ge Wlth whereaſ ſhe never purgeth vntill that time, thenſhe emptieth hir ſelfe of pituitouſ and young. flegmatike humorſ.> . Areſtorle Thengoe they to the placeſ neere the high waieſ , and there they caſt forth their calſe, ?** (forthecauſeſ aforeſaide) being more afraideof Wilde Beaſteſ then men, whom ſhe can aucide by flying : which when they haue ſeene, they goe and eate the Seſeliſ aforeſaide, and the ſkinne which commeth forthof their. owne Wombe coucring theyoung one, C;.,, finding in itſome notable medicine, which the Graecianſ cal Chorien, and notthe herbe . .... Arum, and thiſ ſhe doth before ſhe lye downe to gine her young one ſucke, \(aſ P/iny af— firmeth.) : ort 9 They bring forth butone, or very ſildome twaine, which they! lodge ina.ſtable fit for Pliny them of theirowne making, cither inſomerocke, or other buſhye inacceſſible place 5 co— Aryforle uering them, and if they be ſtubborneand wilde, beating them with their feete vntill they lyecloſeand contented . Oftentimeſ ſhc leadetyforth her young, teachingit to runne afiarnk. andleape oner Buſheſ, ſtoneſ, and ſma]lſhrubs,againſi the time of daager ; and ſ0 CON— The manner tintvethallthe Summer time, while their owne ſtrength iſ moſt aboundant ? but in the hgwfhe Þi"ct Winter.time, theyleaucand forſake them, bycauſe all Hartſare feeblein the Wynter her calre, feaſon. < Solinuſ. Theyline—veryJong,aſ by experience hath beene often mentioned 5; not only becauſe icLngt they havie no gall (aſ the Do/phiz hathnoney but for other cauſeſ : alſo ſome affirme, that ſ i'> nOgULG >"*— Ariſtotle aRanen willlinenine ageſof a man, and a Hart foure ageſ ofa Rauen: whereuntoÞ//g# Celpſ agreethin theſe verſeſ.; Heſtoduſ, Terbiniſ detie|que—ſuper exit in annoſ, '— Inſta ſeneſcentum qþoſ implet vitavirorum Hoſ nonieſ ſuperaſt vinendo garrula cormx Et lȜO .4 hiſtory Solinuſ Ariſtotle Parſanimſ. (Columelto Solintſſ. T he ſickneſ Gillim., Lnlliuſ;, Arfflor[e'- 2 pliny. J B/onduſ The vſe of. the feuerall partſ. Heſichjiſ Uarianuſ Dieſcovideſ of Hartſ. __ T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. Et quater egreditur corniciſ ſacula corunſ Alipedum ceruum ter vincit cornuſ : at illum, multiplicat nowieſ Phenix reperabiliſ aleſ : that iſ, Aſ thelife of a man iſ threeſcoreand ſixe, ſo a Rauen doth liue nine timeſ ſo many yearſ ( Viz: y 528. yeareſ . The Hart lineth foure timeſ the age ofthe Ranen ( Viz:) 2 112. yeareſ. The Crow exceedeth the Hartthree timeſ (: Viz ) 63 36. butthe Phevix which iſrepayred by her owne aſheſ, ſurmounteth the Crow fine timeſ, and ſo lineth 57 5 24. yeareſ. The which I haue ſet downe ( not for truth) but for report, leaning enery reader to the chiefeſt matter of credit, aſ in hiſ owne deſcretion he conceineth moſt proba— ble. But it iſ confeſſed of all, that Hartſ line a very long life : for P/iny affirmeth, that an hundred yeareſ after the death of Alexapder Migauſ;there were cettain taken alive which hadabout their Neckeſ Golden Collarſ, with an inſcription that they were put on by Alcxander. t i In Ca/abria (once called Zapygia and Peucetia)ytherewaſ a coller raken off from the necke of a Hart by Agathocleſ King of Sicily, which waſ coucred withthefleſh & fat of the Hartſ and there waſ writen vpon it, Diomedeſ Diane : whereby it waſ conieGtured,that it waſ put on by him before the ſiege of Z7ſ7 : for which cauſe, theKing brought the ſameand did offerit vp in the Temple of Zupizer. f Thelike waſ in Arcadia, when Arceſilawſ dwelt in Zyco/ſura 5 for he confidently affirmed , that he ſaw an old ſacred Hind,which waſdedicated to D/474,hauing thiſ inſcriptionin hir Coller : Nebroſ eoon caloon ota eſ Ilcon en A gapenor. When Agapenoy waſ in Trey,thenwaſ Ia young calfetaken. By whichit appeareth, that a Hartliveth longer then an Elephant, for indeedeaſthey live long beforethey grow to any perfection,; their youth and weak— neſſe cleauing faſt vato them,, ſo iſ it ginen to them to haue a longer life, for contintiance inripeneſſeand ſtrengthof yeareſ. TheſeBeaſteſ are neuer annoyed with feuerſ, becauſe their fieſh allayethalladvienti— tialland extraordinary heate. If he eate Spiderſ he inſtantly dyeth thereof,except he eate alſo Wildei Iuy or. (Searcrabſ.:Likewife, Nanew—gentill and *Oleapde, kill the Hart. > WhenaHart iſ in biſ chaſe, he iſ greatly pained in hiſ bowelſ, by' reaſon that the Skynne wherein they lic iſ very.thinand weake, and apt to be broken with any ſinal ſtrokeſand for thiſ cauſe. he often/ſtayeth to eaſe himſelfe. f a There iſa kindofthorne called ea<%wſ, wherewithallif a young one bepricked in hiſ legſ, hiſ boneſ will neuer makePipeſ : Beſideſytheſe Beaſteſ are annoyed with Scabſ and yt— cheſ in their head and ſkinne; termed by theFrench by a peculiar name ( FrajeryIwiltiot ſtand vpon theidle conceiteof Alberr@ſ, thar waſpeſ and Emmetſbreedin the headeſ of Hartſ, for hemiſtaketh them for the wormeſ beforementioned. F iſ Theſkinneſ of thiſ beaſtare vſed for garmentvirmſome Countrieſ, and in moſt pla— ceſ for thebottomſ—of Cuſbionſ, and therefore theyochuſe ſuchaſlare killed in'the ſum— 19 we © mer time, when they are fat and moſt ſpotted ; and the ſame hauing their haire pulled 49 from then't , are vſed forvBreecheſ, Buſkinſand ploneſ: Likewiſe P/iyy and Sextnſ af— \ firmed;/thatifa man ſleepe.on the ground hauing vppon him a Hartſ Skinne, Serpentſ neuer anoy him : whetof Sereawſ madethiſ verſe : An#@W cernvind yey wocd tem m pelle gui— eſciſ "and theiboneſ of young oneſateapplied for:miaking of PipeſItiſ reported, that the blood of Hartſ burned together withherbedragon,orchaneſ,orgament,andmalſtick od þauc Fhci ſan_uc power: to draw Serpentt our oftheir holeſy whichthe Hartſ.hauebe— ; ing alite:and ifthere beputvnto it wilde Pellitory}iv.willalſo diftrad@and diſſipace them 2 againe. Themarrow of a Harthaththeſame! power ag:%:ſiilſſivS'erPents, byoynementorperfu— med vpon coaleſ; and Micander preſcribeth a certaine oyntment@ſ be thade oftthe fleſh ge of Serpentſ;of the marrow of a Hart,; and Oyleſ of } Roſeſguapainſtthebiti - The fat of a Hart hath the like effectſ that thZ marrow hach.g:/\c/zillctes t}kl)alzllſllg;l())lislgfi?x]:: waſ ſaid never to hane taſted of Milke; but to be nouriſhed withthe marrow of Hartſ b): (,/ura,a_s iſ affirmed by Parineſ and Etymologuſ. The like operation hath the tooth (as,Se- zenuſ ſaithy Aut genere ex ipſodentem portabriſ amicum: Ifthe the ſeede of a young Hinde— Of the Hart and Hinde. I31 calfe, be drunke with veniger, itſuffereth no poy{on of Serpenteſ to enter into the body . that day. The perfume of the horne driveth away Serpentſ and noyſome fiyeſ, eſpecially from the young Calueſ,,or from horſeſ if Womenſ haire be aulded thereunto, with the hooſe Afiaxxſ, of the Hart. And if men drinke in potſ wherein are wrought Hartſ horneſ, it willweaken TV#7r: allforce of venom. 'The Magiciayſ haue allo deuiſed, that if the fat of a Dragonſ hart be f ct[ſictctlſſ'ſſ bound vp in the ſkinne of a Roe, with the Nerueſ of a Hart, it promiſethiviGory to him Sſſſſ[ſi[mſi that beareth it on hiſ ſhoulder, and that ifthe teeth be o bound in a Roeſ Skinne, it ma— p[,-,,ſſ), kethoneſ Maiſter, Lord, or allſuperior powerſ, exorable and appeaſed toward their Soleretſ, ſeruantſ and ſuitorſ . 07phewſ in hiſ booke of ſtoneſ, commaundeth a huſband to carry a— A/bareſ bout him a Hartſ horne, if he will line in' amity and concord with hiſ wife: to conclude, C@da@. theyalſo adde another figment to make meninuincible. } ſſ Thehead and taile of a Dragon, with the haireſ of a Lyon taken from betweene the broweſ, and hiſ marrow, the froath or white—mouth of a viGtoriouſ Horſe, the naileſ of a Dogge, and the Nernueſ of a Hart and a Roe, bound vp altogether in a Hartſ Skin : and thiſ iſ aſ true aſ the wagging of a Doggeſ raile doth ſignifie atempeſt. Toleauetheſetri— fleſſcarce worthy to be rehearſed, but onely "to ſhew the vanity of men,ginenouerto lying devuiſeſ 3 let vſ come to the other naturall and medicinall propertieſ not aſ yet touched." Thefleſh of theſe Beaſteſ in their rutting time ſmelleth ſtrongly like a Goatſ, the which 1,. »r. ng thing iſ by Bloaduſ attributed alſo to the fleſh of the femaleſ withyoung , Iknownot how benefit of th: truely;but Iam ſure that Thane knowne certaine Noble wormen, which euery mornjngſi fleſh, did eate thiſ fleſh, and during the time they did ſo, they newer were troubled with Ague : and thiſ vertue they holde the ſtronger, ifthe Beaſt in dying, have received but one wound. 7 . } v eBiiny The fleſh iſ temder , eſpecially if the beaſt were libbed before hiſ horneſ grew : yet iſ g,,,,,,, not the inyce of that fleth very wholeſome,and therefore Galeſ aduiſethmen to abſtaine 40 3 e agmy: aſ much from Hartſ fleſh, aſ {rom Aſſeſ for it engendereth melancholy, yet iſ itbetter in Summer then in Winter. Simeop Sethi ſpeaking of the whot Countrieſ, forbiddeth to eatethem in Summer , becauſe then they eateSerpentſ and ſo are venemouſſ which fal— leth not out in colder Nationſ, and theretore aſſigneth them rather to be eaten in Winter time; becauſe the concoctine powerſ are more ſtronger through plenty of inward heate, but withalladmoniſheth, that no man vſe to eatemuch of them, forit will breede palſieſ and trembling in manſ body , begerting groſſe humorſ, whichſtop the Melt and Lyuer: and Audcenne proucth, that by eating heereof men incur thequartane Agueſ wherefore it iſ good to pouderthem with ſalt before the dreſling,and then feaſoned with pepper & otherthingſ, knowneto enery ordinary cooke and woman, they make of them paſtieſ in moſthationſ. The Hart and braine of a hare or Cony haue the power oftriacle for expelling of e— uillhumorſ, but the liner iſ intollerable in foode : the horneſ being young are meate for Princeſ; eſpecially becauſe they auoide poyſon. It waſ a cruelithing of King Fe/dinand, that cauſed the young oneſ to be cut out of the Damſ belly and baked in paſtilſ,for hiſ Li— quorouſ Epicureallappetite. C Io The wholenature and diſpoſition of enery part of thiſ beaſt iſ againſt poiſon and ve— nemouſ thingſ (aſ before recited. y Hiſ blood ſtayeth the looſeneſſe of the belly and all The medi— fluxeſ , eſpecially fryed with oyle, and the inferior partſ annoynted therewith, and being a drvinke in Wineit iſ good againſtpoyſoned woundeſ;and allintoxicationſ— Tenirnl; Par:l:. Themarrow of thiſ beaſt iſ moſtapproucable aboucother, and iſ vſed for ſweete 0< Playy dour; againſt the gout, and heate of men in conſumptionſ, and all outward paineſ and Dieſeorideſ, weakeneſſe, aſ Serznmſ compriſed inone ſentenceſaying : diot Solinuſ Etveruind poteſt mulcere mednliavigorem, '"frigoriſ. : < E Likewiſe the fat and marrowe, mollifieth or diſperſeth all buncheſ in the fleſh and olde ſwellingſ ; all vicerſ except in the ſhinneſ and leggeſ, and with Venuſ—nauill the Fiſtula; mattery vicerſ in theeareſ withRozen, Pitch, Gooſe—greace, and Goat—ſewet, the clea— a ®, uing wet & e Marceliuſ Plby. Se xtuſ Marceliuſ Sextuſ Marcelluſ Galenuſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. uing of the lipſ: and with Galueſ ſewerthcheate and paine in the mouthand iaweſ.Ithath alſo vertue being drunke in warme water, to aſwage the paine in the bowelſ andſmallgutſ, orbloody flixe. i The gall of a Bull, Oyle of bayeſ, Butter, and thiſ martow; þy anngyntmg,-c_urerh paine in the kneeſ and loyneſ and other cuilſ in the ſeateof a man, in the hippſ ; and—in the belly when it iſ coſtive : It procureth flowerſ of Women, cureth the goute, vimpleſ in oneſface;,and ringwormeſ. Ab/ſ»7znſ preſcribethit to be giuen in ſweete Wine with waxe, vnto a horſe for an old cough proceeding of cold, after purging and heating; by hold— ing the Horſſeſ tounge in oneſ hand while the medicine iſ thruſt downe hiſ throat. Theſamein ſheepſ Milke with rubricke andſoft Pitch, drunke cuery day or eaten to your meate, helpeth the ptiſicke, and obſtructionſ. Avazalivſ approued, beane meale ſifted and ſod with Hartſ marrow to be ginen to a horſe which ſtalleth blood, forthree daieſ together. Alſomingled with the poulder of Oyſter—ſnelſ, it cureth kibeſ and chil. blaneſ. A woman perfumed with the haireſ of thiſ beaſt, iſ preſeruedfromabortementſ ; and the ſame perfumehelpeth the difficulty of vrine, and little pieceſ cut off from the hide witha pummiſe put in wine, and rubbing the body, helpeth the holy—fire.The pouder of the boneſ burned, iſ an antidote again ſt the falling cuill.and the dilperſing of the melt; and the boneſ beaten to poulder, ſtayeth the fluxe of the belly. It were endleſſe to deſcribe al the vertueſ aſcribed to the horne ;and therefore I will content my ſelfe with the recital of few. P/azy and Solizwſ preferrethe right horne, Aziſ#a— tle the leſt, and the ſpireſ or topſ are more medicinable then the hard andſolide ſtemme, but the horneſfound in the Woodeſ loſt by the beaſteſ and growne light are good for nothing. The other haue their vſeſ bothraw and burned, which may be theſe that fol— lJow.. .d o: Takethe horne and cut it intoſmal pieceſ, then put it into an earthen pot annoyn— ted within with durt, and {0 ſet it in a furnace vntullitbecome WWhite, then waſh it like a mineralland it will helpe the runningſ and vicerſ in thecieſ :and the ſamealſo keepeth the teeth white, and the gumſ ſound. The young horneſ while they be foft being eaten, areanantidote againſt henbanc , and other poyſonfull herbeſ. The right horne hid by the Hartin the earth iſ goodagainſt the poyſon of Toadeſ. The Hartſ horne hath po— wer to dry vp allhumorſ, and therefore it iſ vſed in cieſalueſ : and Orphewſ promiſeth to a 30 bald nian haire on hiſ head agſainc, if he annoynt it with oyle and poulder of thiſhorne : a likewiſe the ſame with the ſceede of blacke murtle, Buiter and Oyle, reſtraineth the falling away ofthe haire being annoynted vpon the head after itiſ newly ſhauen : with vi— neger it killethringwormeſ. The ſame burnied in the ſunnc, and afterward the face being rubbedand wathed therwith thrice together, taketh away pimpleſ—ſpotſ out of the face ſ . the poulder drunke in wine or annoynted on the headkilieth lice and nitſ : the ſame with vineger, wine, or oyle of roſeſ, annoynted vpon the forchead, eaſeth the head—acheifit proceedeofcold. < A perfume made of thiſ horne with Caſforeww ,and lime, or Brimſtone, cauſeth a dead 4 child ſtrangled in hiſ motherſ wombe to comeforth ; If the hornebe taken raw and rub— bed vpon the gumſ, keepeth the cheekeſ from all annoyance of the tooth—ache,and faſte— neth the looſe teeth, aſ Serexenſ ſaid : ſ t: Quod vero aſſumpſit nomen de dentefricando | 5 Ceruino ex cornn ciniſ eſt. Galen preſcribeth the poulder of thiſ horne for the Taundiſe, and for him that ſpitteth bloody matter, and to ſtay vomitbeing taken in a reere Egge . Itcomforteth alſo a theu— matike ſtomach, and it iſ tryed to cure the Kingeſ—enill : it pacifiethche melt dryeth the Spleene, driuethall kind of Wormeſ outofthe belly, being drunke with Ho,ny and ea— ſeththe chollyck,expelleth away motheſ, helpeth the ſtrangury, & the paine in the blad— der,ſtaieth fluxeſ in women both whit and red : being min gled with barly meale, water,® twigſ of Cedar : beſidemany other ſuch propertieſ. y a & —— Theteareſ of thiſ beaſtafter ſhe hath beence hunted with a Serpent, are turned into a afſtone(called pe/la4hard ,or Bexahar) of which we haue ſpoken before: and being thuſ tranſubſtantiated doecure all manner of venom ( aſ Auenzoar,and Cardinall Ponzettſ » affirme) at 50 Ofthe Hart and Hinde. affirme) after many trialſ , and Serezwſ alſo expreſleth in thiſ diſtichon: Semineciſ ceruſ lachryman miſcere liquori & Conuenit, atque artuſ illine miſcere calenteſ. The liner of thiſ beaſthelpeth all ſoreſ in the feete, being worne in the ſhooeſ, the ſame '* dried to pouder with the throat or wind—pipe of the beaſt, andmingled with Hony, and ſo eater helpeth the Cough, Ptilicke, ſighing, and ſnort breathing. / Plixyand Sextuſ af— firme, that when a Hind perceineth her ſelfe to be with young, ſhedeuoureth or eateth vp a certaine ſtone, which iſ afterward found either in her exctementſ or ventricle, and iſ profitable for allVWWomen with childe and in trauell, for by that onely fa&, the Hinde iſ ro moſtſpeedily delinered without great paine, and ſildome or never ſuffering abortment 5 and there iſ alſo a little bone found in the heart of enery one of theſe beaſteſ, which per— £33. formeth the ſame qualitieſ, inſtead whereof they haue ſuch a thinge to ſellat /ex/ee, hol . ding it ata great price : but 2ra/awo/z affirmeth, that he opened the heartſ of two Hartſ, and found in them alittle griſtlenot much vnlike to a croſſe, whereoftheone being of a Beaſtnewkilled, waſ very ſoft,but the other waſ much harder, becauſe the beaſt waſ ſlain. aboutſix daieſ before. Thiſ bone iſ in the left ſide of the Hart, vpon which, the Spleene monuethand ſendeth forthher excrementſ by vapourſ, which by reaſon of their drineſ are there turned intoa bone, and being firſte of all of the ſubſtaunce of the Harteſ bloode; and it iſ good 20 againſt the trembling of the Hart, and the Heemorrhoideſ, but thiſ bone cannot bee found inany, excepthebe killedbetwixt the middle of Auguſt and the twelfthof Sep— tember. — The Skinny ſeed of the hind—Calfe,iſ aboue allother commendedagainſt poiſon, and thebitingſ of Serpentſ and of mad Doggeſ ; likewiſe it ſtayeth al fluxeſofblood,and ſpit— ting of blood, and egeſtion of blood : & itbeing eaten with Beetſ and Letilſ, iſ profita— bleagainſt the paine ofthebelly.The genitall part and ſtoneſ, are wholſome (being taken in wine)Jagainſtallbitingſ of Viperſ, Adderſ,and Snakeſ, and the tame vertue hath thena— turallſeedſupped vp in arere Egge. 3 Letſ* Thegenitalt hathalſo a vertue to encreaſe [uſt in enery creature, it being. either dryed 30 and drunke; or elſe bounde faſt to their priuy partſ. Likewiſe being waſhed inwater, and afterward driedto pouder,and ſo drunk,helpeththe chollick,and the diffitulty of making water,ifyou put it into a little Triacle. Set t t The dung of Hartſ cureth the dropſie, eſpecially of a Subulon or yoimg Hart : the v— rine eaſeth the paine in the Splecne, the wind in the ventriclean'd bowelſ, and infvſed in— to the eareſ , healeth their vicerſ.Inthe tip of the taile lieth poyſon, which being drumke, cauſeth extaſie and death, if it be not holpe by a vomit made of Butter, Afnifle, and oyle of Seſamine,or aſ Cardinall Ponzettuſ ſaith,;thatthe Hartſ eie iſ an Antidoteto thiſ euil : It may be knowne by a yellowiſh— greene—colour, and therefore it iſ. called the gall, for nature hath appointed that place to' receine all the venome of the : whole Bo+ die. a 4"* T ſHouldheere end the diſcourſe of thiſ beaſt, after the methodalready obſerued in the precedentſ : butſeeing themanner of the taking heereof (being a ſport for princeſ) hath yetbin touched but very little, it ſhall not be tediouſ vnto me, to abſtaine from the ne— ceſſaryrelation'of the ſubſequent ſtorieſ, for the delightfull narration of the hunting of theHart : to the end that aſ the former treatiſe hath but tatight how to know a Birde in a buſh, that which inſueth may declare the ſeteril waieſ of catching and bringing the ſame to hand. — ! Thiſ iſ a beaſt ſtanding amazed at euery ſtrange ſight,; enen at the hunterſ bow and Ar— rowe, comming behind a ſtalking Horſſe (aſ iſ already declared :) and morgoner, like aſ the Roeſ are deceined by the hiſſing of aleake in themouth of the hunter, ſo alſo iſ thiſ Beiſt; for while ſhe harkeneth to a ſtraunge noyſe; imitating the ery ofaHind—Calfe,and proceeding from one man, ſhee receinetha deadly, ſtroke by the other : ſo alſo if they . heare any mpuſicall pipingſ, they ſtand ſtill to their owne deſtruction : forwhich ca\;zſc the & 4 EYP— 50 J Plateriaſ. ? Ofthehun= ting and ta= king theſſ beaſtſ. Horuſ: Anbic1ogli— hicall em— blem, eAhanm, Zenophon PVinbria me—. tuiter ab in— famcibua a fe viſ rubeuſ penna. The Hiſtor» of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Egyptianſ deciphera man ouerthrowne by flattery , by painting a Hart taken by muſick: and Varzo relateth vpon hiſ own knowledge, that when he ſupped inhiſ Lordſhip boughſ of M. Piſa, the Paſtour or Fort eſteraſterſupper, tooke buta Harpe in hiſ hande, and at the ſound thereof, atinnumerable flocke of Hartſ, Boareſ, and other foureſootedbeaſtſ came about their Cabanet, being drawne thither onely by the Muſicke ; infomuch aſ he thought he had beene in the Romane Ciewſ or Theater,bcholding the playing ſpectacleſ of all the Affrican beaſtſ, when the ediliaw Officerſ haue their buntingſ: Thelike iſ allo reported by Aeliazmſ, ſauing that he addeth, that no toyle or engine iſ ſo aſſured or vna— voidable to draw theſe beaſtſ within a laborinth aſ iſ muſicke, whereby the Hunter ger— teth aſ it werethe Hart by the eare, for if through attention he hold downehiſ eareſ aſ he 10 doth in muſicke, he diſtruſteth no harme ,but if once be prick vp hiſ eareſ aſ he commion— ly doth,being chaſed by men and doggeſ, an infinite labour will not be ſufficient to ouer take and compafſe him. It iſ reported that they aremuch terified with the ſight ofred fea— therſ, which thing iſ affirmed by Aw/apinſ in theſe verſeſ : Ancum fratre vagoſ dumetaperauiacernuoſ Circundaſ macaliſ , G& multaindaginepenne. And Ouid alſo ſaying : Nec formidatiſ cernoſ includite penniſ. And Lucan alſo : Sic dum panidoſ formidine cernoſ 20 Claudat odorat a metuenteſ dera penna. Ofwhich thing the Hunterſ makean aduantage, for when they hanefound the beaſt, they ſettheir netteſ where they imagine the beaſt will flie, and then one of them ſheweth to the beaſt on the other ſide, the red featherſ hanging on a rope, which ſcarreth them in haſtinto the Hunterſ netteſ, aſ S. Terom teſtifieth in one of hiſ dialogueſ ſaying : E# p4a— widorum more cernorum., dum vanoſ pennarum enitatiſ volatuſ fortiſamiſ retibuſ implicaminſ. And you ſayth he (ſpeaking to the Luceferiaw heretickeſ ) runne away from the vaine ſha— king of featherſ , like the fearefull Hartſ, while in the meane time youare inclapſed invn— auoidableand inextricable netſ. And thiſ cauſed Serceſ towrite, that the babe feareth a ſhadow,and wilde beaſtſ a red feather. } Many timeſ the young Calfe iſ the cauſe of the taking of hiſ damme : for the Hunter early in the morning before day light, watcheth the Hinde where ſhcelayeth heryoung one, vntill ſhe goc and refreſh her ſelfe withpaſture ; when he hath ſeene thiſ, then doeth heletlooſe hiſ Dogſ,and maketh to the place where the Hinde Calfe waſ lefte by hiſ mo— 30 I. Theſeely Calfelyech immoueable aſ if hee were faſtened to the earth, and ſo neuer ſtirring, but bleating and braying ſuffereth himelfe to beetaken ,except there be rainie weather, forthe impatience of coldeand wette will cauſe him to ſhift fox himſelfe : which if it fall out, the Doggeſare athand to ouertake him, andſo beingtaken iſ committed to thekeeperofthenetteſ. 49 The Hindeboth hearing &ſecing the thraldome of her pore ſonne, commethto re— lieue him without dread of hounde or Hunter, but all in vaine, for with hiſ darte heealſo poſſefſeth himſelfe of her : but if the Calfe be greater and ſo bee ableto runne with the da?lze an(;ogg ;_hc hcaſii)cs, they are moſt hard to be taken, for in that agethey runne ve— ry faſt, and the feare of Doggeſ increaſeth their agilitie,infomuc ſ the heardſ iſ impoſſible cucgr? one fighting for thgcm. afforem ſ antoRcktthemn RWVE But the only way iſ to ſingle one out of them from the flock and ſo follow hi H beweary,for although he be very nimble, yet by reaſon of hiſ tender age hiI:l Iſſ?\xjgxls]g:: notableto continue long.The elder Hartſ aretaken in ſnareſ and ginſ laid in ditcheſ and fio}lſieſſ[;d ZlNll)th Icaucz, whc(ricll;yctthc fee(; of thiſ beaſt areſnared in wood ; thiſ kind iſ de— 56 eſcribed by Zexophor and Pollux , and iſ called in Greeke Po i i i, whichalſo t%ſſm Pogs make mention, aſ Viygi) — SPricPraluſ InLatina TedigaanE Tune gruibuſ pedicaſ C& retia ponere ceruiſ. And thiſkind i i t Wi a rh:']n gtofſi'f%f ſ:s better deſcribed by Gratiſ, with whoſe wordeſ I will paſſe it ouer aſ a ANamſ Of the Hart and Hinde. — 135 Nanſ fuit &r laqueiſ aliquiſ eurracibuſ vſaſ, Cernind ifſere magiſ contererenerno Quidgne dentataſ iligno robere clanſit: Sapehabet imprudenſ alienilucralaboriſ Franetegitinſidiaſ habitu mentitaferino Venator pedicaſ ,tu diſſimulantibuſ armiſ. Theirmanner iſ when they are chaſed with Doggeſ to rumeaway withſpeed, yet often— timeſ ftand ſtil and looke backe, not onely to harken to the hunter, but alſo to reſt them— ſelueſ, for in their chaſe they are ener tronbled intheir belly (aſ iſ before declared, y and 1o ſomerime they prowſoweary; tharthey ſtand ſtill, and are picrced with arroweſ, ſome— timeſ they runne till they fall downe dead, ſometime they take themſelueſ to the warer andſoare refreſhed , or elfe to anoide the teeth of Dogſ, they forſake the drye land, and perilh in the floodſ, or elſeby that nieaneſ eſcapeſcorfree : whereforeit muſt be regar. ded byeuery good hunter to keepehim from the waterſ, either among the woodſ,or 0— therrough placeſ: rtſ But heerin the ſubtility of thiſ beaſtappeareth, that when he iſ hunted he runneth for themoſtparttothe high waieſ, thatſo the ſauour of hiſ ſtepſ may be put out by the trea— dingſ of men, and he auoid the proſe cution of the Hound.Theit ſwiftneſ iſ ſogreat, that intheChampaigne and plainefieldſ they regardnot Doggeſ, forwhich cauſe in Fraunce 20 theypoyſon Arroweſ with an hearbe called Zezicum or Tuca, and it iſ a kinde of Aconite: or Weolfe—bane, which hath power to corruptanddeſtroy agility of body, and to ſtay ce— lerity, and for their hunting in Franceby Dogſ, it iſ moſt excellently deſcribed by Bude— #ſ and Robertuſ Stephanuſin hiſ Freuch diGtionary. 2 Iſ dat Thiſ wild, deceitfulland ſubtillbcaſt, (ſay they) by windingſ and turningſ do often de— ceivetheir hunter, aſ the Hartſ of Ate2apdyo: flying fro the terrible ery of Dianaeſ houndſ, wherefore the prudent hunter nmuſtframe hiſ Doggeſ, aſ P#t/higoraſ did hiſ Scholletſ, (Zunerſ qui ne parlent point) with wordſ of Art, toſet them on, and take them offagaine at hiſ pleaſure; wherefore he muſt firſt of all compaſſe in the beaſt, ( Ey /on giſe) in her ownlodging,and {o raiſe her vp in the fight of the dogſ, that ſo they may never looſe her 20 footing. & Ncigchcr muſtthey ſet vppon cuery one, either of theheard,or thatwanderethſolitary alone, nor yer a litcle one, but partly by aſpe& or ſight, and partly by their footingſ inthe ſoft earth , and alſo by their dung (Zeſ fumeeſ) they indge of their game,for agoodwood— manmuſtnot ſticke to gather vp the Deereſ excrement or ſoile, an dkeepe them (/ſ zrom— Pe)in biſ hunting horne : ſuch thingſ muſtthe kingeſ huntimen and forreſterſ obſerne, aſ alſo the quantity of hiſ bed or lodging when they find it, being thuſ informed of their game then (Di/coupler leſ chiemſ») they take off their Dogge couplingſ, and ſome on horſ= back, other on foorfollow the ery with greateſtart, obſeruation, and ſpeed,remembring and prenenting (Cer freze) the ſubtileturningeſ, and headingeſ , of the Hart, ſtraining 70 ithall dexterity to leape hedge, pale, ditch, and rockſ ;neither fearing thorneſ,woodſ, downe—hilſ, butprouiding afreſh horſe in caſe their ſirſt tire, (Chemawx de relatiſ) and leaping on him with {peede, vntill heſee (up grand cerf Keſenyer dugrand cerf) the great Hart hauing ten ſpeereſ onhiſ horneſ, and hiſlitrle ſquier—hartto artend him, which the Dogſ onceperceiuing, onely follow the great Hart, taking for a prohibition tofollowſ anie other. TheDoggeſareanimated by the winding of hornſ, and voiceſ of the hunterſ, like ſol— dioutſ to a bartell by the voice of a trumpet and otherinſtrumentſ : but ſometimeſ the crafty great beaſtſendeth forth hiſ little ſquire to beſacrificedto the Dogſ and hunterſ inſtead of himſelfe, lying cloſe in the meane time, then muſt the P;trſieat be ſounded, and 0 (Rompre le chiemſythe dogſ be broken off and taken in (Le limier) that iſ, leame againe vn— — tillthey be brought to the fairer game, who ariſeth in feare and rage, betaking himſelfe to hiſ ſureſtleggeſ, being purſued with all the crieſ of hunterſ, ringing and ecchoing betwixt heanen and earth, diſmaying him with the continuall noyſe in hiſ eareſ, no lefſe dreadefull and fearefull thea the voyce of a paſſing bell to a ſicke man, N Alberimſ. 2 Or T he Hiſtorſ of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. or the ſight of the executioner to a condemned caitife, yet ſtill he ſtrineth vntill wearied and breathleſſe, he be forced to offer vp hiſ blood and fleth to the rage of al the obſeruant pedifſequantſ of the hunting goddeſle Diama, The vulgar ſort call an oſlde Hartaſubtile and cunning Beaſt, but the nobleſ call him (cerf ſage) a wiſe Hart, who to auoide all hiſ enemieſ runneth into the greateſt heardſ, and/{o bringetha cloud of error'vpon the Doggeſ, to keepe them from any further pro— ſecution: Sometime alſo beating ofſome of theheard into hiſ ownefoorſtepſ,;thariohe may more eaſily eſcapeand procure alaborinth to the Doggeſ, and then after a—little while he betakethhimſelfeto hiſ heeleſ againe, running ſtill wichthe wind, not onely for refrigeration, but becauſe he may themore eaſily hearethe voice ofhiſ purſuerſ, whec— to ther they befar or neere. izcſ i Atlaſt, being (for all thiſ) found outagaineby the obſeruance of the hunterſ, and ſkill oftheDoggeſ, heflyethinto the heardeſ of Cattell, aſ Kye, Oxen, or Sheepe, leaping vpon an Oxe, and laying hiſ body or the fore—partthereof vpon him, aſ a ryder vpon a Horſe, that ſo touching the earth onely with hiſ hinder hoofeſ, to leane a very ſmall or no ſent at all behind for the Houndſ to diſcerne. k The chiefe huntſman or ſeargeant of the houndeſ vnto Leweſ the twelſth , called e grand veneuryaffirmed, thatonatime they hauing a Hartin chaſe; ſuddenly the houndeſ fell at a fault, ſo aſ the beaſt waſ outof ſight, and not a Dog would once ſtirre hiſ footeſ whereat allthe hunterſ wereamazed, like aſ inſomeiugling Appolloniantrick, aſ though 20 the hart had cleane forſaken the earth, and with the wingſ of ſome forile had bene flewne away ; or aſ if the earth had opened her mouth toreceine himinto her protection, and had cloſed againe ouer her heade, or elſe ſome Witchcraft had caſt a miſte before the Doggeſ and hunterſ eyeſ : At laſt, by caſting about (aſ it iſ viuall inſuch caſeſ) they founde the fraud of the horned beaſt, which iſ worth the memory. Therewaſ a great whit—thorne which grew in a ſhadowie ſteepeplace aſ high aſ a tree, and waſ invironed with other ſmall ſhrubſ about it, into the which the ſaid hartleapt, and there ſtood aloſt the bougheſ ſpreading from one another, and there he remained, whe— ther becauſe he could not get off againg, or elſe for that he waſ ſtifled in that place, but ſurely he waſ there thruſt chorough andſo dyed, and ſo had they all rather periſh anye 30 other way then by the teethand tearing in pieceſ of angry and greedy Houndſ. Yettheir maner iſ, that when they ſcethemſelueſ enery where intercepted, to make force at himwith their horneſ that commeth firſt vato him, except he be prenented by ſomeſword orſpeare ; which being done,the hunter with hiſ horn ſoundeththe fal of the beaſt, and then enuery one approcheth, luring with triumph for ſuch a conqueſt,of whom the ſkilfulleſt openeth the beaſt giuing vnto the houndſſuch partſ aſ belongcth)to them for their incouragement againſtanother time ; andforthat purpoſe the hunterſ dipp; bread in the ſkinne and blood of the beaſt,to give vnto the houndſ their ful ſatiſfaGion: and many ſuch other thingſ may the reader deſirouſof thiſ knowledge finde in the Ait thorſ aforeſaide, to whome I will commendehim rather, then ſpend moretime in thiſ 49 buſineſ, betrer manifeſted by experience, then by any written document, yet I woulde wiſh men to beſparing in thiſ exerciſe, ſecing it hath beene ſildome found thataman gi— uen to bunting, buthe periſhed in hiſ pleaſure aſ Acdtaon did by hiſ owneDoggeſ: a%d therefore Ale/aruſ dothfitly compare togither hunterſ and receinerſ of :hccusg agnd rob. berſ, calling them new AGzonſ ; whoafter they had received hornſ, muſtbe deſtroyed by their owne Doggeſ which they hane nouriſhed. Thebeſt vſe of rhelebeaſieſ !ſ to lZ:c th_i]m tame z:; in }flelueſtia, where they hunt ſeldom,and to make good vſeof them for nZ riſhment rather then fay ſport, aſ it iſ reported of a holy ma & } 45 arwithhim;that in the i{)dcrncs he liucpd vpon her miiſſkc. B W E bevt ſ hin (fl : Concluding thiſdiſcourſe with the wordſ of thepoet, for thei i thiſ paſtime and the pradtiſe ofthe beaſtſ. poct, for theinſtrudion of Dogſto 59 Veloceſ Spart a catuleſ, acremque moloſſum, Paſce ſcropingui&e. Aniaciinie ,if monteſqueperaltoſ S"** Ingentena clamore premeſ ad retia cernum. confer= —— TRET EE IR E TEC MEEA T ut norO0f Dagferſ, vriollin 15T | Confertoque agmine ceruſ Toypent mole nowa,cÞ> ſummiſ vix cornibuſ extant. Hoſ non immiſiiſ canibuſ, no# caſſibnſ vlliſ, Pyniceuengitent panidoſformidine penne ; Sedfruſtra oppoſitum trudenteſ peitore montem. Comminuſ obtruncantferro, grauiterqie tudenteſ CGedunt, G» magno latielamore reportant. Of the Dfi?flſ, 10 '—@a Erodotuſ in hiſ fourth book affitmeth, that among the A/rican ſſShc_Pherds towardetheEaſt, there'are breddein B4//aria Ayſtricheſ wilde Ratameſ, %) |Thoeſ and Dyezeſ; of which laſt tI}__cſiL{e iſnotany mention among all other writerſ, except in /arr97ſ and Ze/chinſ, who affirme that among the Lace— 8 2ZHI| demonianſ a Glead or Kite waſ called DyF#ſ, but thiſ ſpoken of Heyodutuſ— I contedture to be ſome four—footed beaſt,being led withno other teaſen then that the other with whom he placethit,are generaly known to be creaturſ of that kind and nature : wherefore I thought good to expreſſe the name of it in thiſ place , deſiring the reader to 20 acceptſo much thereof aſ iſ already. knowne , and to ſearch farther for the deſcription of it, at the handeſ of them who are cie—witneſleſ of the wonderſ of Affrica= — —OFTHE DOGGE Ingenerall. lyrianſ Peſ or P#, and the Latineſ Camm. Doggeiſ called in Hzxbrew KXeleb ,and Lawaſ according to | Muniter : in Caldee Kalba 5 in Arabique Kalbe, in Perſia Sag; The Saracenſ Kep or Kolpþ: the Groecianſ Kwen becauſt of hiſ loueto man , and vulgarly at thiſ day Sk#/2ſ and Ske/e:the Medianſ Space, the Germaneſ Hund, the Italianſ Caine ſ The French Chieſ, the Spaniardeſ Perra or carendo, becauſe hiſ barking iſaſlowd aſ an Artificiallſong ; alſo Gaze//wſ, the II— There iſ no region or countrey in the world, where theſe ® 3 f arenot bred inſome ſtore , aſ ſhall be declared afterwarde in the particular diſconrſeofenery kind of Doggeſ.For aſ ſhallbemanifeſtedmoreatlarge, thereare Doggeſ very great, ſomefor hunting, ſome for Warre and defernce, ſome for theBore, Bull,or Bear, ſome for the Hare, Cony ,or Hedge—hog : againe ſome are ſmal— ler which are called Houndſ, Bracheſ, Beagleſ, Shepheardeſ Doggeſ, Houſe—curreſ, the rich. 40 Spagnelſ both for the Water and Land : and ſomic foyſting Doggeſ for the pleaſure of In thefirſt place there are to be handled thenature of Doggeſ in generall, wherein they agree, and their common propertieſ of nature, ſuch aſ are not deſtroyed in the de— ſtincion of kindeſ, but remaine like infallible and invariable truthſ in euery kinde and country of the world.To begin with that which iſ outward, it iſ to be obſetued that Dogſ are generally rough, and their haire indifferently long (which in winter they looſe euery yeare) iſ a ſigne of a good conſtitutior; butifit grow ouerlong,the mangieſcab will fol— low: the outward proportion of the headaltereth aſ thekind altereth,being ſometiine like alyon, ſometimelike a Hedge—hog,ſome long with a broad ſnowt, and ſometime, with 0 apikedſnowt, but the braine decreaſeth and increaſeth with the moon, there iſ no com— miſſure or ſeame in hiſ ſcull (like aſ iſ in a manſ y butit iſ a continued bone withoutſepe— Tation inward or out—ward. ThebeſtDogſhaueflarNoſtrilſ, yet round, ſolide, and blunt, the mouth iſ lonſig and flit, their teeth like ſawſ_aſit iſ in fitheſ and Serpentſ:thoſe which are cald Capjze before; are only changed aſ it alſo falleth out in a Lyon,& theſe they looſe or change both maleſ N 3 and 137 The name & deriration thercof, The cofitrieſ and divferſ— tieſ of Dogſ. The gen eral nature of dogſ. Their otit= ward partſ. Ariſtotle Albertnſ Aſcertt in — the braineſ Plmy, afemale dog Galen, Doggeſ. Plegy, 3O 20 andfemaleſ in the fourth moneth of their age:about which time, they haue new oneſ come forth to thruſt off their old , by their teeth iſ their age diſcerned,for while they are white and ſharpe, itaſſureth the youth of a Dogge; but when they grow blackiſh or duſ— 30 ky, they betoken the elderage. * The breaſtofa Dogge iſ narrow andpiked, hiſ ventricleſmalland narrow, for which Þzgfzh. cauſe he neuer eaſeth hiſ bodily excrementſ without paine, hiſ bowelſ are like a Lyonſ : Hehath a long ſplecne like a man, and a Hogge: hiſ yard and ſtoneſ hange outward be— tweenehiſ hinder leggeſ, a baſe natured curre ſtrikech hiſ taile betwixt hiſ leggeſ, hiſ fore—leggeſ bend like the armeſ of a man, andhe vſeththem in ſtead of Armeſ, hauing Ariſtaie, fine diſtinctfingerſ, commonly called claweſ vponeach foore before, andfoure vpon Blorduſ. eachfoot behind, which alſo haue ſtraight naileſ vpon them, and that which hangeth Plxy. . higher vpon he leg iſ crooked. i SGapzizer The femaleſ, becauſe they bring forth many whelpeſ at a time, havevnderneath their 40 bellieſ great papſ , with many ſpeaneſ to ſucke at , in a double ranke or row on both ſideſ, and the generouſ bitcheſ haue xii. other but x: They beare their young within their belly nextto the midriffe,;their fime iſ dry like a wolfeſ,& therby hiſ temperament iſ knownto behotand dry, confidered in it ſelfe, but compared withotherſ it varicth, for to a manſ, it iſ dry ; to an Emmetſ, itiſ moiſt: Againe, in reſpect of a man it iſ hot, in reſpe& of a Lyonitiſ cold. Thevoice of Thelouder andſhriller voice of a Dogge, iſ called barking, the lower and ſtiller iſ cal— led whining,or fawning : It waſ a monſtrouſ thing, that a Doggeſhouldſpeake, and a ſer— pent barke, aſ it iſ belecued in antiquity both came to paſſe, when Tarquimimſ waſ driven out of hiſ kingdome. It iſ not cauſeleſſe thatthe barking of Doggeſ, hath attributed vnto it diverſ qualitieſ, aſ for a man to dreame of theſame,preſagethſome treaſonableharme 0 an Arfemidernſ PY COEMicſ, ſo likewiſe if they fawne and clawypon a man. Among the precedenttokenſ of Ce/arſ death, they ſet downe in certaine verſeſ, the howling voiceſ of Owleſ,the weeping dropſ of the Inory tree, & the continuall barkingſ of Doggeſ,aſfolloweth: Triſtin Of Doggeſ. 139. Friſtia mulle lociſ ſtyginſ dedit ommia bube. mille lociſ lachrymanit ebut . Inque foro circungne domoſ & templa deorum Nocturnovialaſſecaneſfernunt: &re. The Egyptianſ ſignifie theſe thingeſ by a Dog , a Scribe, a Propher, a ( ſplene, {melling,lan— ghing, and neexing. A Scribe, becauſe aſ the Dog iſ filent more thea hebarketh ſo muſt a perteQ Scribe meditate more then he ſpeaketh : for to barke at enery onewere to plea— evat ſurenone, and to ſpeake continually , were a ſigne of madneſ : A gaine ,a Prophetbecauſe . ;ſſf]ſidffct]:ſi?: a Dogge doth moſt eagerly behold, andadmire conſtantly all holy actionſ, and ſo oughe tionſ, 1o the eieſ and eareſ of a Prophet be attendant vpon heauenly thingſ. The Spleeze becauſe aDogge hath little or no ſpleene, and thereof commeth h_is madneſ and death ; whereof alſo itcommeth that the ſeruantſ which haue the charge of Doggeſ, being with them in their ſickneſ and latterend, for themoſt part prooue tplenaricke. Sylling,y neexing , and Langhing, becauſe the ſpleenaticke can doe none of all theſe, but of thiſ more after— ward. : The voice of a Dogge, iſ by the Jearned, interpreted arayling and angry ſpeech:wher— of commeth that Camivſ facendia among Authorſ, for rayling eloquence. It iſ the na— ture of aDogge when he maketh water, to holde yp hiſ legge, if he be aboue ſixmonethſ 11, making old,or haue beneatprocreation, thefemaleſ doe itfor the moſtpart ſitu'ng, yetſome of ot vrine., ) 20 the genereouſ ſpiritſ do alſo hold vp theirleggeſ. They everſmellto the hinder parteſ of Ariſtotleſ one another, peraduenture thereby ,they diſcerne their ſeuerallkind and diſpofition of P/Zſiſſj_, each other in their owne natureſ : After they hane ran a courſe, they releene themſelueſ :ſqh::_-: ignſ by tumbling and rowling too and fro : when they lie downe they turne round in a circle, ot Dogſ for twooor threetimeſ togither,which they do for no other cauſe,but that they may the more ſſſif" Ftu commodiouſly lieround, andfrom the wind. StS They ſlecpe aſ doth a man ,andtherecin dreame very often, aſ may appeare by their of— ten barking in their ſleepe : but it muyſt be diligently regarded of them thatlone to keepe Doggeſ, that they permit them not to ſleepe much, eſpecially after their meat when they are young , for aſ they are very whot , ſo in theirſleepe doth their heate draw much paine 30 into their ſtomach and ventriclle. The time oftheir copulationiſ fpr the moſt partata yeare old , yet the femaleſ willluſtafter it at eight monthſ old, howbeit they are not to be Their copula ſuffered, becauſe it weakeneththeir bodieſ, and dullethin themall generofity : therefore, {!*" ariy= after one yeare they may ſafely beſuffered to come together, and not before : Neither Commellſ iſ it materiall, whether in Summer or Winter, but it iſ beſt inthebeginning of the ſpring, but with thiſ caution, that Whelpeſof a litter or of one and the ſame Bitch, beneuer ſuffered to couple; for nature reioyſeth more invariety. For then they growſaltand begin to be proud; yet in ancient time,for the more enno— Ariſtle bling of their race of Doggeſ, they didnot ſuffer them to engender till the Male were foure yeare old,and the femalethree : for then would the Whelpeſ prooue more ſtronge go andlively. By hunting, labour , and trauaile , the maleſ are made more fit for generation, * and they prooue beſt which haue their ſireſ of equallage. They are notſufferedto engen— der alltheir life longe , but vntill ten and twelue yeare old , or rather eight in the male and ſixe in the female. Yet there haue beene founde which in one and other ſexe, haue con— tinued in procreation till they weretwentye yeareolde, but thiſ exceededjall namrallrea— ſon. When they begin to be proud if you give them leauen mingled with milke and ſalt, they willnot ſtraye and range abroade : atthe time of their copulation, they cleaue to— gither for a certaine ſpace aſ if theyr hinder parteſ were glewed, and ſo they are filled at The rime of one time. They bearetheit young the fifth part of the yeare, that iſ about twomontheſ a Bitcheſ and oddedaieſ, but thiſ reconing iſ not generall for ſome kindſ beare their young three ſi*'cth:ſiſiſi"ſiſicctfct o montheſ, and ſome more. They bring forth manyata time fometime five,ſeuen;nite,of young. twelue ; for ſo many celleſ hath the female in her wombe. 3 Ariſtoile Albertuſ relateth that he ſaw a Bitch ofthe Maſtinekind, which brought forth at three Jitrerſ fifty VVhelpeſ, that iſ ninctcene at the firſt, eightcene at the ſecond, and thirteene at the third : butſomtime ſhe bringeth forth but one, which iſ a good argument to proue that ſhe iſ filled atthefirſtlyming. They are purged of their menſturouſ fluxeſ ſeauen or The flecp of Doggeſ, Trt*/dzflflfſi four— / 1md T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. foureteenc daieſ before they grow proud, andagaine,at their time oflittering ; at other timeſ they ſuffer none. \ : The firſt they cat forch of their Wormbe iſ commonly a Male; which rcſcmblc::hct the Ariſtotle father,che other Maleſ and femaleſ aſ (it happeneth, ( bun itiſ accounted a prodigiouſ Vſiſſl-ſil*_ctfs , thing to litcer allinaleſ or all feimaleſ) wherein nature yeeldech—an excellent argument of malke, __divine prouidence, for the firſt borne of all kindeſ hath more reſemblance ſſofthc fa— ther then ofthe mother. They arealſo 'Whelped blind) and ſo temiaine for rline orten Theblindatſ day6ſ bycauſe chrough their multitude they cannot bccte perfected in the Dammeſ of Whelpeſ. Bellye, which doeth nothappen to Beaſteſ which bear; ſingle, aſ ſheepe and Goateſ. to They vſeto carry them vpand downe in their moutheſ till they bc_: ſeven dayeſ oldbut. pot afterward, they hane milke about ſtue daieſ before theyr littering. It'iſ not goodto preſerue the firſt or ſecondilitter , but the third : andbafter they hane litteredit iſ good to give the Bitch Whay and Barly bread, for that will comforcher and encreaſe—her milke; and in ſomeplaceſ they take Goateſ milkeand ſeeth in it broken bonieſ of meate, where— by they conceine that the Dammeand Whelpeſ are much bettered for that nutriment — thereiſ not auy greatregard of thenouriſnmentof Doggeſ, for they willeate muchand that often and dinerſ thingſ, except Doggeſ—fleſh; for that cannot be ſo dreſſedand pre— aAckamiſ: PMEd bytheart of man, butthey finde it out by their noſeand auoide it» It iſ good to let "<{ccret in * the Whelpeſ ſucketwomontheſ before they be weaned, and that of their owne Damme, theit feede," for it iſ notſo good for them to ſucke another, and in the meane timeexerciſe them to 20 | meate, aſ milke, Whay,, Bread, and fieſh ; alſo from the ſpring vntillthe Sunne entreth Cancer, at whichtime it iſ good to let them grow leane according to the verſeſ of Agcme— ſian Conſuetamminuiffe ſaginam Profucrit, tenneſque magiſ retinere cibatuſ,ſ ANe gramiſ articauloſ depranet pondere molleſ , Nam tum membrorum nexuſ nodoſquerelaxant— And afterward when they are ſixe monthſ old amendtheir diet againe thatthey may grow ſtrong.. Tune rur ſuſ miſcere ſero Gerealia dona Connenict, fortemgue dari de frugiluſ eſtam: —\> 39 Turdmu | They willnot eate bucke—maſt wherewithall Hoggeſ grow fat,for that breedeth in them thepaine of the head. By cating the excrementſ of men they incurremany diſeaſeſ :they e/Athenatſ_ are made drunke by the Herbe Oeauzzaaſ Croweſ bee, they cannot . endure Wine, but bread ſopped in Wine they devoure, dryed fieſh & bread in Milke iſtheir ſafeſt foode, if GCummin bee now and then mixed in their bread, they are not much troubled with wind intheir bellyeſ. If you put a little Oyle in their Water to drinke or lappe, they will proue moreable and ſwiftto runne: If he refuſe and loath hiſ meate, take a little whot bread and er mady for giveit him beforemeat,'or dip broune bread in vineger and ſo prefle "or ſquiſe the liquor meaeſ ſ . thereofinto hiſ noſe, and it wil caſe him. b , There iſ much a doeto choſe a Whelpe vnder the Daimme that will proue the beſtin 49 Sfhectoale thelitter. Some obſernethat whichſeeth laſt, and take that for'the beſt; other remonue ofa generouſ E Whelpeſ from the kennell and lay them ſeneralland apart one from the other, then whelpe. _watch they which of themtheBitch firſttaketh and carricth into her kennell againe, and that they take for the beſt,or elſethat which vomitteth laſtof all. Some againe gine for a certainerule to know the beſt,chat the ſame which waighcth leaſt while itſuckethwill proue beſtaccording to the verſeſ of Nemeſrap. Pondere nam catuli poteriſ prependere vireſ tt Gorporibuſque leneſ, grauibuſ prenoſcere curſu. But thiſ iſ certaine that the lighter whelpe wil proue the ſwifter, and the heanier will beethe ſtronger : Other make thiſ experiment, firſt they compaſſe in the Puppieſ 50 in the ablence of the Damme with alittle circle of ſmall ſtickſ apt to burne, andſtinking Tardiuſ Y'ABSthen ſet they them onfire about_ the whelpſ, and that puppy which leapeth ouerfirſt, they cak.c for the b_cſt,& tſiha:t which cometh outlaſt they condemnefor the worſt.Aſſoone aſ the bitch hath littered it iſ good to chuſe them you meane to preſerue, & to caſt away the rcfi\:ſe,kecpc themblacke, or broun, or of one colour ; for the ſpotted are not to be } Accoun— Of Doggeſ. Id— accounted of . Andthuſ» much ofthe outward parteſ and the choice of Doggeſ. The 5 manifolde attributeſ of Doggeſ amonge all Writerſ , doe decipher vnto vſ their particular nature 5 aſ that they are called ſnarpe, bitter, fierce, ſubtill, ſounding, bold, earedfor attention, affable,; ſwift, ſpeedy, Clamorouſ, wilde, faithfull, horrible, roigh, Ofdſſhc o faſting, cruell, vnogentle, vncleane, hurifull, biting, filthy, ſmelling, ſent—follower, watch— Zſſ.ſiſ,ſſ:ſiſſ :; u full, madde,hoarſe, and quicke—noſed ; beſide many ſuch other bothamong the Greekeſ Doggeſ: and Latineſ. And likewiſe you ſhallreade of many perticular Doggeſ, and their vameſ appellatine, both in Greeke and Latine, which may be remembred alſo inthiſ place, to ſhew what reconing allageſ haue made off thiſ beaſt: for it iſ neceſſary, that aſ ſoone aſ ro he beginneth to feede he preſently receiue a name , ſuch are theſe, of twoe ſillableſ or more, aſ Scylax, Spoude, Alke, Rome, Lacon, Acalanthtſ, Agre, Labroſ, Hylattor, Alleuſ, Arguſ ( one of vliſſeſ Dogſ)y A ſboluſ, Augeaſ, Aura, Bria, Poliſ, Bremon, Kumon, Canache, Happariſ,Charon, Chorax,Harpia, Lycitaſ, Chiron, Eyciſca, Arcaſ, Dromaſ, Gnome, Eba;, Hybriſ,Hylewſ , Matra, Melampuſ,O1ne, Lethargoſ, Nape5 beſide infinite other among the ancientſ : butamong the later writerſ, Tyrcnſ, Niphuſ, Fabo, Ragonia, Serpenſ, Ichtia, Pi— laſter, Leo, Lupuſ, Stella, Fulgur, Bellina, REubinum, Satinnſ, and Furia : ſo that euery ſ Nation, and almoſt cuery man hatha proper and peculiar namefor hiſ Dog;,aſ wellaſ for f hiſ Oxe. | —— — Ofthcloue Thereiſnotany creature without reaſon, more louing to hiſ Maiſter, nor more ſer— ot a Dogge. 20 uiceable (aſſballappeare afterward) then iſ a Dogge in uring many ſtripeſ patiently at the handſ of hiſ maiſter, and vſing no other mcaneſ to pacific hiſ diſpleaſure, then humi— liation, proftration ,affentation, and after beating, turnectha renengeinto a more feruent _ . and whor loue. In their ragethey willſet vpon all ſtrangerſ, yet heerein appeareththeir Plicy y a > , — * 7 _ Plutarch Noble ſpirit, for if any fall, or ſit downe on the ground & caſt away hiſ weapon, they bite F1,. him not 5 taking that declining for ſubmiſſite pacification. They meetetheir maiſter with a recrer to reuerenceand joy, crouching or bending a little, (like ſhameſaſt and modeſt perſonſ : y pacifie an an= and although they know none but their maiſter and familiarſ, yet will they help any man ſigſir_%/iſi;ſi againſtanother Wilde beaſt. They remember voyceſ, and obey their leaderſ hiſſing or whilling. Th%rc waſ a Dogge in Venice which had beene three yeareſ from hiſ Maiſter, yet Zhiſioſſy Soh 30 > 57 a, + 3 — ogſ necmo= knew himagaine in the Market place ; diſcerning him from thouſandſ of people preſent; ry. heremembrethany man which givech him meat: when he fauneth vpon amanhe wring— ethhiſ ſknne in theforchead. The Dogge which iſ broadfacedlike a Lyon, iſ moſt full de of ſtomach and courage 5 yetthe tongue or ſkinne of an Hyepſ (by naturall inſtin®) ma— &ygp/deſ kethhbim runneaway: ſometimeſ they will agree with Wolueſ, for they hane engendered atecret in the togither, andaſ theluce—ſtringſ made of a Wolfe and a Lambe cannot agree in muſicke, "** 48 but one of them will break, ſo alſo will a Dogſ and a lambeſ. \Alianuſthinketh that Doggeſ haue reaſon,& vſe logick in their hunting ,for they will caſtabout for the game, aſ a ditputant doth for the truth, aſ itthey ſhould ſay either the The reaton Hare iſ gone on the lefthand,or on theright hand, or ſtraight forward, but not on the of Dogge— 42 left or right hand and therefore ſtraight forward. Whereupon he runneth foorth right — afterthetrue and infalliblefooote—ſtepſ ofthe Hare. There waſa Dogge in Affrica in a ſhip, which in the abſence of the Marinerſ came to a pitcher of oyleto eareſome of it,and themouth of the pot being too narrowfor hiſ head to enter in (becauſe the pot waſ not fully he deuiſed to caſt flint ſtoneſ into the veſſel, whereby the Oyle roſe to the top of the pitcher and o he eate thereof hiſ fill, gining enident teſtimony thereby ,chat he diſcerned by nature, that heauy thingeſ will ſinke downe, and light thingeſ willtiſe vp and flyc aloſft. Thereiſ a Nation of people in Eth/opia (called Awbe) which haue a Dogge in ſuchad— mirable eſtimation, that they give vnto him the honor of theirKing ; for they haue no 0— So/iouſ 5© therking but he. IFhe faune, they take him for well pleaſed ; if he barke or fly vpon them, Aelianwſ they take him for angry :and by hiſ geſtureſ and moouingſ they coniecture hiſ meaning, 74 for the gouerment of their ſtate: gining aſ ready obedience to hiſſignificationſ, aſ they ?ſiſictlſſſi; \ can to any linely ſpeaking Prince of the world: for which cauſe,the Egyptianſ alſo pictute done to doſſgs a Dogge witha kingſ robe, to ſignifica magiſtrate. Thoſe peopleofEgypt alſo, obſerue IM 142 Celinſ PFarieiſ + Heſychinſ e dArnolmſ Pliny Plutarch Feſtuſ Ciuelinſ Arnobiuſ Gjralduſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—cfooted Beaſtſ. in theirreligiouſ proceſſionſ, and geſticulationſ, dumbe -id]c—go*ds, to carryaboutwith themtwoDogſ,one Hawhke,andoneToiſ ',and th e_ſ ethey.calfoure leterſ:by tſſ]fl two Dogſ, they ſignifie therwo Hormiſnphereſ which continually warch a'r_*-d goe youer our hegdsz by the Hawke, the ſunne; for the Hawke iſ a whot creature, and lineth vpon f'}eſ}.::uctx._on' a by the Zbwythe face of the Moone; for they comparetheblackefeatherſ in r_l'ſſ;us bird to hir darke part, and thewhitetoher light »Other by the Doggeſ,;do vnderſtandithe two'Tro. pickſ, whichare (aſ it were thetwoporterſ of thcctſungc for theSouth and Notftl1 5 þy the Hawke, they vnderſtand the equinoGiall or burlung line, becauſeſte flyc_ch high :bythe Thiſ, the Zodiatke :and indeede thoſe } painterſ which coul_d moſte artficially deciphera 15 Dog (aſ Azriaſ) were greatly reuverenced among the Egyptianſ. Thelike folly (orimpiouſ beaſtlinefſe) waſ that of Galbſ, who forſooke the preſidentſ of hiſ predeceſſorſinſtamping their coine with their owne image and imprinted there— upon hiſ ſealing ring, left him bybiſ forcfatherſ, wherein waſ engrauen, a dog: bending vpon hiſfemaleſ Tknow not for what cauſe, the ſtarre in the midſtof heauenwhereunto the ſunne commeth about the Calendſ of Iuly , waſ tearmed Car/ſ (a Dogge) and the whole time of the appearance of that ſtarre, whichiſ aboutthirty daieſ, ſhould.bee called Dog diieſ 5 but onely becauſe then the heate of the Sunne doothtorment the bodyeſ of . men twice ſo much aſ at other timeſ : whereupon they attribute that to the ſtarre (which — they calbSir/nſywhich rather iſ to be attributed tothe Sun during that timecuery yeare. Otherſfable, that there iſ another ſtarre cloſe to him (called Oz/e#;) who waſ an excel— 29 lent bunter, and after hiſ death waſ placed among the ſtarreſ, and theſtarre Can/ſ:beſide hirn waſ hiſ hunting dogge : but by thiſ ſtarre called of the Egyptianſ So/achin, and of the Grzecianſ AJtrocynon, commeth that Egyptian Co/cke yeare which iſ accompliſhed but once ina 1460. yeareſ. Vnto thiſ ſtarre were offered many ſacrificeſ ofDoggeſ in auncienttime whereofthere canbe no cauſe in the World, aſ Ozi@d well noteth in theſe veiſeſ : : ! Procane ſidereo eaniſ hiſ imponituy are: Ex quare fint nil— niſſnomen habet . Aſ dmong the Carianſ, whereupon came the prouctbc of Caricuw Sacrificium, for they ſacrified a Dog in ſtead of a Goate, and the young Puppyeſ or VVhelpeſ werealſo ac— 30 countedamong the moſtauzileable ſacrificeſ,for the paciting of their idollGodſ. TheRomanſ and Greecianſ had alſoa cuſtom to facrificea Dog in their Zyceaz and Lupercall feaſteſ, which werekept for the honor of Pay,who defended their flockſ from the Wolfe; and thiſ waſ performed in February yearely, either becauſe that the Dogſ were enimieſ to Wolueſ, or elſe for thatby their barking, they draw them away in tl%c night time from their Citty : or elſe, becauſethey reckoned that a dogge waſa plcafing beaſt to Pay,who waſ the keeper of Goatſ : ſo alſo the Greecianſ did offer a dog to Hecatſ who hath three headſ ,,one of a Horſe, another of a dogge, and the third head in the midſt of a wilde man : and the Romanſ to Gexerha, for the ſafe cuſtody and welfare of all their houſbold affayreſ. } 49 Their houſhold Godſ (called Zareſ) were piGured and declared to the people fitting in Dogſ—kinneſ, and Doggeſ ſitting beſide them ,cyther becauſe they thereby ſignified their duty to defend the houſe and houſhold ,; or elſe aſ Doggeſareterrorſ to theeueſ and euillbeaſtſ, ſo theſe by their aſſiſtance were the puniſherſ of wicked and cuill perſonſ : or rather thartheſe Zareſ were wicked ſpiritſ pryeng into the affayreſ of cuery private hou— ſhold, whom God vſed aſ executionerſ of hiſ wrathful diſpleaſure, vpon godleſſe men. There were Doggeſſacred in the Temple of L/ewlapivſ, becauſe he waſ nouriſhed by their milke ; and Zapi#er himſelfe waſ called Cſſ}negetes, that iſ, a Dogge—leader 5 becauſe he taught the Arcadiaſſ firſt of all to huntaway noyſome beaſtſ by the helpe of Doggeſ : ſo alſo they ſacrificed a Doggeto Murſ, becauſe of the boldneſſe ofthat creature. Tocon— 5* clude, ſuch waſ the vnmemorable vanity of the Heathenſ intheyr goddeſ and facrificeſ , aſ it rather deſerneth perpetuall oblivuion then remembrance, for they ioyned the ſhapeſ of men and Beaſteſ togither (ſaith Arpaobirſ) to make Goddeſ Ommigenumgue dewm mon— Sfirac latrator Anukbiſ, ſuchwere theyr Cypocephali, Opþiccephali, Anubiſ, )j'{mzta, thatiſ aſ much to ſay, aſ halfemen, halfe Doggeſ, halte Serpentſ, but generally all Monſterſ: p and Of Doggeſ. 143 and for the many imaginary virtueſ the ancientſ haue dreamedto be in Dogſ, they alſo in many placeſ haue giuen vato them ſolemne funcralſ in theirhallowed Coemiterieſ,& af— ter they were dead, they ceaſed not to magnifiethem, aſ Alexander,which builta City for the honor of a Dog. Ofdiſhonor All thiſ notwitſtanding, many learned and wiſe men in al ageſ haue rekconed a Dogge Z;i bſ Zkiſiſi' but a baſeand an impudent creature, for the Flamen Dialiſ of Iupiter in Rome, waſ com— © maunded to abſtaine from touching of Doggeſ, for theſame reaſon, that they were pro— hibited & not permitted to enter into the caſtle of Athewſ & Iile of . Deloſ,bycauſe of their publiqueand ſhameleſſe copulation : and alſo, that no man might be terrified by their preſence fromſupplication in the templeſ. The fooliſhneſſe of a Dogge appearcth in thiſ, that when a ſtone or other thing iſ caſtat hina, he followeth the ſtone and negleAX— . eth the hand that threw it, according to the aying of the Poet: Marcelluſ Arripit ot lapidem catuluſ, mor(uque fatigat, Nec precuſſori mutua damnafacit. Sic plerique ſinunt reroſ clabrer hoſteſ, Et quoſ nulla grauant noxia dentepetant. ſ Likewiſe men of impudent witſ, ſhamleſſe behauidrſ intaking and cating meat, were \called Cymickſ 5 for which cauſe Arheremſ ſpeaketh vnto Cypickſ in thiſ ſort : Youdonot O Cynicileade abſtinent and frugall liveſ but reſemble Doggeſ : and whereaſ thiſ foure— footed beaſt differeth from other creatureſ in foure thingſ, you only follow him in hiſ vi— Puplyrinſ ler and baſer qualitieſ, that iſ, in barking and licenſe of railing, in voracity and nudity, without allcommendation of men. Theimpudency of a Dogge iſ eminent in all caſeſ to be vnderſtood, for which cauſe that audatiouſ Ar//f9giton ſonne of Cidimmachkhuſ waſ called a Dogge, and the furieſ of an— cient time were figured by blacke Doggeſ, and a Dog waſ called Erinniſ : Cerberuſ him— ſelfe withhiſ three headſ ſignified the multiplicity of Dinelſ, that iſ a Lyonſ,a Wolfeſ, and a fawning Doggeſ, one for the earth, another for the Wiater, and the thirde for the aire : for which canſe Zeyeanleſ inſlaying Cerbermſ, iſ ſaid,to haue ouercome all temptati— Homer Horace ' on, vice, and wickedneſſe, for ſo didhiſ three headſſignifie:other by the three headſ, vn— derſtand, the three timeſ 5 by the Lyon, the time preſent; by the wolfe, the time paſtand bythefawningDog, the timeto come. It iſ delinuered by authotſ, that the roote of Oliander, or elſe a Dogſ tooth bound a— — boutthearme, do reſtrainethe fury and rage of a Dogge : alſo there iſ a certain litle bone in the left ſide of a Toade(called Aprcymen) for the vercue it hath in it againſt the violence of a Dogge : It iſ reported by P/in», that if aliue Ratbe put into the portageofſDoggeſ, after they haue eaten thereof they willncuer barke any more, and Aeliay» affirmeth ſo much of the Wealfilſ taile,cut off from him alive, and carried about a man : alſo if one carry about him a Doggeſ hart, or Lyuer,,or the Skinne wherin Puppicſ lye in their damſ _ belly (called the Secundine) thelikeeffect or operation iſ attributed to them againſtthe C#W/@** violence of dogſ. There iſ a little blacke ſtone in Mj/zſ about the bigneſſe ofa Beaneatfirſt ſight whereof a dog wil run away. Stich aſ theſe I ſawat Lyonſ in France, which they called Sea—beaneſ, L and they preſcribed them to be hanged about a Nurſeſ necke to encreaſe her milke : but ***—** to conclude the diſcourſe of the baſeneſſe of a Dogge, thoſe two proucrbeſ of holy Scrip— ture, one of our Sauiour Mat. 7. Gine not that which iſ holy to Dogſ 5 and the other of Saint Peter 2, Epiſtle Cap. 2. theDogge iſ returned tothe vomit, doe ſ1 ufficiently conuince, thatthey are emblemſ of vile, curſed, rayling, and filthy men ; which eſteeme notholy thingſ, but cate vp againetheir ownevomitſ. E . (Theſkinneſ of Doggeſ are dreſſed for gloueſ, and cloſe Booteſ, thewhich arevſedby * * ſuch aſ hane vicerouſ and ſwelling Leggeſ or Limbeſ, for by them theafliGed placere— ceinethadouble reliefe; firſt, it reſiſteth the influent humorſ, andſecondly, it iſ not exaſ— Blordwſ. perated with Woollen. The Turkeſ colour their Dogſ taileſ withred, and it iſ a cuſtom . of Hunterſ to take Doggeſandtie them inthe Woodſ vntotreeſ by their ſtoneſ, for by: ?fflf]"ctſi;ſſf of crying they prouoke the Panther to come vnto them, PDogſ eatent It ſ not to be doubted but that the fieſh ofdoggeſ, iſ vſed for meate in many placeſ 144 In ſfaurione, e Admaninſ Munfternſ The name of a greyhound T he Hiſtorie of Foure— voted Beaſtſ. !. injonoſf Raſiſ be trueand conſofnianit to reaſon, that all devouring Crea— :LZlLZFZhBZZZEsTFZxes 5 anſd Wolueſ; haue no ctgopd.flcſh formeate, bycauſe they en: gendermelancholy 5 and yet Galew thinketh, that it iſ like to thefleſh of a Hare © eſpecial: ly youngthlpCs were held amonge the Romaxeſ a cſſ{chcatc meate; and.wcx e vſed.by their priefteſſ andamonge Whelpeſ they aitrybated moſt vertue to their fleſh which were eaten before they didſec, for by them .came Ho euill humor at al, aſ iſ often ſet down S. oa Pl;l':::r Martiv and Sealiger doe affirme, of Co:ctum.e/la, and Lucazana, and other Iſlandſ of the new World, thatthe people there doe eatea kind of Dogge which cannot bark_c ! 1o Theſe Doggeſ are vileto looke vpon like young Kydſ. Theinhabitantſ of Corſiea, which arefierce, angry , Wilde, cruell, audaciouſ, diſſemblerſ, active and ſtrqng,d_? alſo feede vponDoggeſ þboth wilde and tame : and it iſ thought tha} their meate iſ a h.'tlc furthe— rance to their inclination, for ſiich iſ the naturall diſpoſition ofDogſ: aſipd Sciltbergermſ, in the booke of peregrinationſ affirmeth alſo, that the Tarzarzapſ in TbiſGbur doe after the ſame manner feede vpon the fieſh ofDoggeſ: from hence it coFnmcch, that men reſem— ling a Dog in a plaine forhead and narrow, are ſaidto befooliſh;in a ſmooth and ſi_rctchf:d out, flattererſ ; thoſewhichhaue great voyceſ like a Ban—dog, are ſtrpng 5they whichraile ; much (like often barking Doggeſ) are of a dogg_iſh, angry, (cthſpoſiuon. He whl;h hatha great head like a Dog iſ witty 5 hee which hath alittlehead like an Aſſeſ iſ blockiſh;they which hauefiery eyeſ like Dogſ, are impudent and ſham.clcſſc : Thinnelipſ withnarrow 20 folding cornerſ, in Dogſiſ a token of generoſity, and in men of magnanimity : they whoſelippeſ hange ouertheir canineteeth, are allo adiudged ray_lg:rs,and virulentſpea— kerſ : and aſ Carzarimſ obſerueth, vaine gloriouſ braggartſ. A wide mouth, betokeneth acruell, madde, and wicked diſpoſition ; a ſharpenoſe, an angry mind: aſ a round, blunt, andſolideNoſe, ſignifietha Lyonſ ſtomachand wor.thincſſc. A ſharpe chip, vaine bab— ling and wantonneſle; they which are ſmall in their girting ſteadeabout their loyneſ, doe h louchunting. muſi:zctb:::: in hiſ w%ckcd diſcourſeor diſpraiſe of women affirmeth, that the cutſt,ſharp, ſmart, curiouſ, dayncy,clamorous ,implacable andwanton-_rowling- eyed Womcn_, were . derinedfromDoggeſ : and Heſiodeto amend the matter ſaith, when Zupiter had ia_ſhlo- 30 ned man out of the earth, he commaunded Aryey7y to infuſe into him a Canivze minde, andaclamorouſ inclination: but the Prouerbe of Salomon Cap.z30.concludeth the excel— lency of a Dog ſaying : There be three thingſ which goe pleaſantly " and the fourth ordereth hiſ pace aright ©The Lyon, which iſ the ſtrongeſt among Beaſteſ, and feareth not the ſighr of any be— dy : a hunting Dog ſtrong in hiſ loyneſ,1 Goate, and a King again{t whom there iſ no ryſing vp: by allwhich iſ deciphereda goodKing 5 for the Lyon ryſethnotagainſtbeaſteſ, except hebe proucked ;the Dog riſethnot againſt hiſ frendſ, but wilde beaſtſ'; and the he—Goat goethbeforehiſ flocke like a guide and keeper. Sar } OF THE GREY—HOV ND, with a naration of all ſtrong and great hunting D o 6 o x ſ. Mong the diverſ kindſ of hunting Dogſ, the Grey:hound or Greecian Dog, called ZTherenticoſor Elatica (by reaſonof hiſſwiftneſle,) ſtrength , and ſagacity, to follow and deuoure wilde beaſteſ of great ſtature, deſerueth'the firſt place ; for ſuchare the conditionſ of thiſ Dog; aſ P/azp hath obſerued, that he iſ reaſonably ſented to finde out, ſpeedy and quicke 59 offoote to follow, and fierce and ſtrong to take and ovief come: and yetſilent comming vpon hiſ pery at vnawate% accordingto the obſeruation of Gzatzinſſ 3 i " Sid caniſ illa ſwoſ taciturna ſupernenit hoſteſ. Lake to theDogſ of Arcarpazia which ſet vpon theirgame by ſtealth.Of theſe ate the gred teſt dogſ of the world, which in thiſ place are briefely to be remembred, Theſſ { 7 A\ In| Wfl e a 15 ] we 1 I0 . 19 e \\\\ & \\\\ZTTF" 2 <| 3\\\\\ \znl]))\ \533 ) \& & oT 0n S S T A , anl//— Soy 20 Theſe havue large bodieſ little headſ.beaked noſeſ,but flat, broad faceſ aboue their eieſ, ?ffifffictſſ long neckſ but great next to their bodieſ, fiery cieſ, broad backſ, and moſt generouſ ſto— rion. mackſ, both again ſt al wildbeaſtſ & men alſo. Their rage iſ ſo great againſt their prey , that Phirarch , fometimeſ for wrath they looſe their eie ſight, They willnot onely fet vpon Bulſ, Boarſ, 513 oib go andſuch like beaſteſ, but alſo vpon Lyonſ, which Mimpug7 notethin thiſ verſe; offifſſ;z:ſiefſſ Et Truculentuſ Heloy certare leonibuſ andenſ. & The greateſt dogſ of thiſ kind are in Imdja, Seathia, and Hircania,ond ammong the Seithianſ oa they ioine them with Aſſeſ in yoake for ordinary labour. I he Dogſof India are COncei— or Grq . ued by Tigreſ,for the Jydianſ wil take dinerſ femalſ or Bitcheſ and faſten themto treeſ in houndſ. woodſ where Tygreſ abide : wherunto the greedy rauening Tiger commeth ,and inſtant— — — 1y devourethſomic one or two ofthem,ifhiſluſt do notreſtrain him,&then being ſo filled gct-ſſ}e}fafſie(;ſi with meate (which thing Tygerſ ſildome meete withal) preſently he burneth in luſt and ſo 4,9/fqai/e lymeththe living Bitcheſ,who are apt to conceivue by him:which being performd he reti— rethtoſomeſectet place,& in the meane time the Z77d/anſ take away the Bitcheſ ,of whom g0 come theſe valourouſ dogſ, which retain the ſtomack and courage of their father ,but the ſhape & proportion of their mother, yet do they notkeepe any of the firſt or ſecond litret for feare of their Tygrian ſtomackſ, but make them away and reſerue the thirdlitter. i/[:)ſio o Ofthiſ kind were the Dogſ given to Alexander by the King of Albamia, when he waſ Aſi;ſiſizſi going into Z2d/a, and preſented by an Zndian, whom Alexander admitred, and being deſi— dogſ. rouſ to try what vertue waſ contained inſo great abody , cauſed a Boare and a Hart tobe 9 turned out to him, and when he would not ſo much aſ ſtir at them, heturnedBeareſvnto *ſſſict/wſſ'ct him, which likewiſe he diſdained and roſe not from hiſ kennel; wherewithal the king being S[;}:Zſſ moued, commaunded the heary and dul beaſt(for ſo hetermed himyto be hanged vp : hiſ py,,,. keeper the 2=diaſ informed the king that the dog reſpectedmot ſuch beaſtſ, but if he would go turne out vnto him a Lyon, he ſhould ſeewhat he would do. Immediatly a Lyon waſ put vnto him, at the firſt ſight whereofheroſe withſpeede (aſ ifnever before hee ſaw biſmatchor adverſary worthy hiſ ſrengthy and briſtling at him, made force vpon him and the Lyon likewiſe at the Dogge, but at the Liſt, the Doggetookethe Chappeſ or ſmowt of the Lyon into hiſ mouth, where he held him by maine ſtrength vnull hee ſtrangled him, doe the Lyon what he could to the contrary, 0 the 146 Pollux The A Ibani— an Doggeſ Solinuſ, Seneca The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſſ. "theKing deſirouſ to ſave the Lyenſ life, willed the Doggeſhoulde be pulled off, but the labour of men and all their ſtrength waſ too lirle to looien thoſeirefulland deepe biting teeth which he had faſtened. Then the Zadian infourmed the King that except ſome vio— lence were done vnto the Dog to puthim:to extreame paine, he would ſooner die thcn let gochiſ holde; whereupon it waſ commaundedto cut oft a piece oftheDoggeſ ſſtmlfz_,bug the Dog would not remou hiſ reeth for that hurt: then one of hiſ leggeſ were likwile ſe— uered from hiſ body, whereat the Dogge ſeemed not apalled ;after that another legge, and ſo conſequeinly all foure, whereby the truacke of hiſ body fell to the grounde, fiill holding the Lyonſ ſfnowt within hiſ mouth,andlike the ſpirit of ſome maliciouſ man chu— 19 ſing rather to die then ſpare hiſ enimic. Atthelaſt, it waſ commaunded to cut hiſ heade from hiſ body , all which the angry beaſt indured, and ſo left hiſ bodileſ head hanging faſt totheLyonſ jaweſ : whereat the king waſ woi iderfully mooued,and ſorrowfully repented hiſ raſhneſ in deſtroying a beaſt of ſo nobleſpirite, which could notbe daunted with the preſence oftheking of beaſtſ : chuſing rather to leaue hiſ life then departe from the true ſtrength and magnanimity of mind. Which thing the Znd/av perceiuing in theK. to mi— tigate the Kingſ ſorrowe, preſented vnto him foure other Doggeſ of theſame quantity and nature, by the gift whereof he put away hiſ paſſion, and receiued rewarde withſucha recompence aſ well beſeemed the dignity of ſuch a King, andalſo the quality of ſucha reſent. P\ Plinyreportethalſo thatone of theſe did fight with ſingular courage and policy with 20 an Elephant : and hauing got holde on hiſ ſide, nener left till he ouerthrewe the beaſt and periſhed vnderneath him. Theſe Doggeſgrowe toan exceeding greate ſtarure, and the nextvnto themarethe A/þanian Dogſ. The Areadiar Dogſ are ſaid to be generated of Li— onſ. In Camaria one of the fortunate Ilandſ,their Dogſare of exceeding ſtature. The Dogſ of Creete are called Diaponi,and fight wich wildeBoareſ : the Dogſ of Epirm called Chaanideſ ofa Citie Chaon,are wonderfully great and fierce; they are likewiſe called Moloſſi, ofthepeople of Epiriſ ſo termed,theſe arefaynedto be deriued of theDogof The Doggeſ CPhaltſ, the firſt Greyhound whome ſtorieſ mention : and the Poetſ ſay,,that thiſ Grey— Moloſie or of hound of Cephaluſ, waſ firſt of allfaſhionedby Vwleaſ in Moneſſan brafſe, and when he liked Creet., Ariſtotle, Albertuſ TVarinuſ. Pollux, Renophen. Teſtaſ hiſ proportion, he alſo quickned bim with a foule, and gaue him to Jupizer for a guift, who 30 gaue him away againe to Euzopa, ſhe alfo to Mizaſ, Minoſ to Procriſ, and Procriſ gaue itto Cephaluſ : hiſ nature waſ ſo reſiſtable, that he ouertook all that he hunted, like the Tewwe— ſfanFoxe. Therefore upiter to anoid confuſion,turned both the incomprechenfible beaſtſ into ſtoneſ. Thiſ Molaſkuſ or Moloſſuſ Dog, iſ alſo framed to attend the foldſ of Sheepe, and doth defend them from Wolueſ and theeueſ, whereof Fzygi/l writeth thuſ : — Veloceſ Sparta catuloſ acremgue Moloſſum Paſcefero pingui munquam cuſto dibuſ illiſ Nocturum ſtabuliſ, furem incurſuſque luporunſ Ant imparatoſ a Tergo horrebiſ Iberoſ. Theſe hauing taken holde, will hardly be taken offagaine, like the Zyd/a» and Praſran 40 Dogſ, for which cauſethey are calledimcopmodeſtici, that iſ, rodi neſci ſuch aſ knoweno meane, which cauſed Aorace to gine counſell to keepe them tied vp ſaying : Teneant acreſ lora moloſſoſ. The people of Epirmſ do vſeto bury theſe Doggeſ when they die, and of thiſ kind were the Doggeſ of Scjlla, Nicomedeſ, and Eupolideſ. The Hircanian Doggeſare theſame with the /pdian.The Peonian, Perſſan, and Median, are called Syptheroi, that iſ companionſ, both of hunting and fighting, aſ Graz/nſ writeth : Indociliſ dat preeliameduſ. The Doggeſ of Locriſ and Lacene arealſo very great and fight withBoreſ. There are alſo a kind of people called Cyeemzalgſ, neere Zadia, ſo called becauſe for one halfe of the 5* yeare they line vpon the milke of great Doggeſ,which they keepe to defend their Coun— ef people that trey from the great oppreſſion of Wilde cattell, which deſcend from the Woodeſ and liue vpon the mili of Dogſ Mountaineſ of Jydia vnto them yearely, from the Summer ſolſtice to the middle of Whynter, in great numberſ or ſwarmeſ like Beeſ returning home to their Hineſ and Hony—combeſ ; Theſe cattell ſet vpon the people and deſtroy them with their Horneſ, ſi except Of Doggeſ. |i \ t&7 . & excepttheir Doggeſ be preſent withthem, which are of greatſtomach and ſtrength, that they eaſily tearethe Wilde cattell in pieceſ, and then the people rake ſtch aſ be good em formeateto themſelueſ, andleaue the other to their doggeſ to feed vpon: the reſidue of a iuteſ the yeare they not onely huntwiththeſe Dogſ, but alſo milke the femaleſ drinking itvp like the milke of ſhcepe or Goatſ. Theſe great dogſ hane alſo denoured men,for when the ſeruant of Diggeneſ the Cyrike ranne away from hiſ maiſter, beinge taken againe and Arhiinſ brought to Delphoſ, for hiſ puniſhment he waſ torne in pieceſ by Dogſ: Enripedeſ alſo iſ Dogſ deuaou— ſaid to be ſlaine by dogſ,whereupon came the prouerb Cumoſ Dike,a Dogſreuen gerfor rerſ of men. King Archelauſ had a certain dog which ran away from him into ZÞracia,and the Thyacianſ _. . — 10 (aſ their manner waſyoffered the ſame Dog in facrifice, the King hearing thereof, laied a '""/"""*® puniſhment vpon theim for that offence, that by a certaine day they ſhould pay a talent 5 the people breaking day, ſuborned Evripideſ the:Poet (whowaſ a great fauorite of the Kingſ) to mediate for them, for the releaſe of thatfine; wherunto the king yealded:after— wardaſ the ſaidking rewurned from hunting,hiſ dogſ ſtragling abroad, met with Euripedeſ and tore him in pieceſ, aſ if they ſought reuenge—on him, for being bribed againſt their fellow which waſ ſlaineby the Thraciarſ. But concerning the death of thiſ man, it iſ more probable that the dogſ whichkilled him, wereſet on by Aridauſ and Cratenaſ, two Theſſa— lian poetſ hiſ emulatourſ & corrivalſ in poetry, which for the aduancement of their own credit, cared not in moſt ſauage and Barbarouſ manner, to make away a better man then 40 themſelueſ. There werealſo other famouſ men which periſhed by Doggeſ, aſ AdZron, Thraſuſ ,and Linuſ 5 of Thrafſuſ Ouid writeth thuſ; Prodaque ſiſilliſ quiluſ eſt laconia Deloſ Aute diem Raptopon ade unda Thraſo. And of Linuſ and AdZ con inthiſ manner ſ Quique verecunda ſpeculantem membra Diane 5 Quigne Crotopiaden diripnere Linum . Lucian that ſcoffing Apoſtata, whowaſ firſta Cohriſtian and afterwardendcauored all hiſ witto raile at chriſtian religion,euen aſ he lacerated and renthiſ firſt profeſſion, ſo waſ he rent in pieceſ by dogſ; and Heraclituſ the Phyloſopher of At/:em,hauing beene long ſick ( and vnder the handſ of Phyſitianſ, he oftentimeſ anointed hiſ body with Bugilſ—ſewer,& . on a day hauingſo annoynted himſeſfe, lying abroad ſlecping intheſun, the dogſ came, Reviſieſ and for the deſire of the fattore hiſ body in pieceſ. Icannot heere forget thatmemora— ble ſtory of two chriſtian Martyreſ, Gorgonivſ and Dorothenſ, which were put to death vn— der Diſcletizninthe ninth perſecution, and when they were dead , their carkaſeſ were caſt coctiniſ vato bungry dogſ of thiſ kind, kept for ſuch purpoſeſ, yetwould not the doggeſ onceſo RMWiſmText muchaſ ſtir at them, or come neere to touch them; & becauſe we may indge that the ra— uening nature of theſe creatureſ waſ reſtrained by divine power, we alſo read that when Benignuſthe Marxtyr , by the commaundement of Aurelianywaſ alſo throwen aliue to be devoured of theſe dogſ, he eſcaped aſ free from their teeth, aſ once Daniel/ did from the Lyonſ den. I may alſo adde vnto theſe the dogſ of Alania and 7lliria, called Maſtinivwho 49 haue their vpper lipſ hang ouer their neather, andlooke fierce like Lyonſ, whom they re— ſemble in necke , eicſ, face, colour, and naileſ 5 falling vpon Beareſ, and Boareſ , like that which Ayrhologinſ ſpeaketh of, that leaped into the ſea after a Dolphin, and ſo periſhed 5 or that called Z#//a,(laine by aBoare ; whoſe epitaph Mſr//all made aſ followeth : Amphithcatraleſ inter nutrita magiſtroſ Lydia dicebar , domino fidiſſima dextro Nec qui Dict 2aa Cephalum de gente ſecutuſ. Nonp e longa dieſ,nee inutiliſ abſtulit etaſ. Fulmineo ſpumantiſ apri ſum dente perempta, Nee quarar infeornaſ quamuiſ cito rapta per umbraſ, 59 Venatrix ſiluiſ aſper a, blanda domi Quinon Erigoneſ mallet habere Canem Lucifer a payiter venit ad aftra de Qualia Dulychiofatafuere cani Quantuſ evat Calydon ant Erymanthe tunſ, 0 AWondotui fato nobiliore mori. 02 There 48 Doggeſ. The quali — ota goo Plany. Xe enophan. Bellyarinſ, Pollux. reaching a Ariſtotle Kenopbon. Pley. Ariſftotle. TheFrench There! bein France certaine great Dogſ (called Augeſ) wi The time of The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. hicharebrought out of great Brittaine, to kill their Beareſ, Wolueſ, and wilde Boareſ ; cheſeare ſingulady ſwift and ſtrong, and their leaderſ,the better toarme themagaioſtthe reeth of other beaſtſ, coucr ſome of their partſ with thicke clouteſ, andthcirneckeſ withbroad.collarſ, or elſe made of Badgerſ ſkinſ.In Gallia Narbon,they callthem Linder, andthe Polonianſ callallgreat made Dogſ for theWolfe and ſuch like beaſteſ, (Viy : )and peculiarly for the Beare andBore, Charzy,forHareſand foulc,Pobiczlnizc;i_.ſiPd Dogſ of a middie ſcantling bee— twixtthe firſtand the ſecondp//. Grey—houndſ are the leaſt of theſekindſ,andyetaſ ſwiſt and herce aſ any of the reſidue, 1o refuſing nokind of Beaſt, if he beturud vp thereunto, except the porcupine, who caſtech herſharp penſ into the mouth of al dogſ.The beſt Grey—hound hathalong body,ſtrong tieſ and partſ and reaſonable great , a neateſharpe head, and ſplendent eyeſ, a long mouth, andſharp Grey—hound teeth ; littleeareſ andthin griſtleſ in them, a ſtreightneck, and a broadand Atrong breſt, hiſ forclegſ ſtraight and ſhort, hiſ hinderlegſ long and ſtraight; broad ſhoulderſ, round ribſ, fleſhy buttockeſ, butnotrfat, along taile, ſtrong and full offſinneweſ, which Neweſſ— andeſcribeth elegantly intheſe verſeſ. Sit cruribuſ altiſ Coſtarnm [nb fine decenter prona carinam : Renibuſ ampla ſatiſ validiſ diductagque cor aſ Sit Rigidiſ multamqgue gerat ſ[ubpectore lato 20 Que ſenſim rur ſ uſ ſicea ſe colligat aluo : Cuique nimiſ molleſ —fluitent in curſibuſ aureſ Elige tunc curſwfacitem facilem facilemd, recurſiſ Dum [aperant vireſdumleto floreiunentuſ. Of thiſ kind, that iſ alway the beſtto be choſenamong the whelpſ, which wayghethligh— teſt: for itwill beſooneſtat thegame, and ſo hang vpon the greater beaſtſ hindering their ſwifeneſ, vntill the ſtrongerand heauier dogſ come to helpe:and therefore beſideſ the markeſ orneceſſary good partſ in a Grey—houndalready ſpoken of, it iſ requiſitethathe hauelargeſideſ,& a þroad midriffe or filme about hiſ hart, that ſo he may takehiſ breath in and out more eaſily : a ſmall belly, for if it be great it will hinder hiſ ſpeedy courſe;like— 30 wiſe hiſ legſ haue long, thin, and ſoft haireſ, and theſe muſt the hunter leade on the left handif hebe a foot, and on the right hand if he be on horſebacke. The beſt timeto try them, and traine them to their game iſ at twelue monthſ old,how— beitſomehbunt them at ten monthſ if they be maleſ, and at 8 .montheſ if they be femaleſ, grey—hound. "yet iſ it ſureſt not to ſtraine them or permit themtorun any long courſe till they be 20. monethſ old, according to theoldverſe, . Libera tunc primum:conſueſcant colla ligari Tam ewum biſ denoſ phoebe repancrit ortuſ, Sedparuoſ valliſ ſpatio ſeptone nenelli nee curſuſ virtuteparem &v. Keepethem alſo in the learne or ſlip while they areabroad vntill they ſee their courſe, I meane the Hare or Deere, &loſen not a yong Dog;til the game haue ben on foot a good ſeaſon, leaſtifhe be greedy of the prey he ſtraine hiſ limſ tillthey breake. When the Hare iſ taken, denide ſome part thereof among your Doggeſ, that ſo they may be Prouokcd to ſpeed by the ſweetneſ of the fleſh. The time of The Zacedemon grey—hound waſthebeſtbreed, they were firſt bred of a Fox and a dog, engendring. and therefore they were called Alypecideſ, theſeadmit copulation in the eight monethof theirage, and ſometime in the ſixt, and ſo continuing bearing aſ long aſ they linue, bex— ring their burthen the ſixth part of a yeare, that iſ, about ſixty daieſ, one or two. more F lefle, andthey better conceineandare more apt to procreation while they are kept in La— 5* bor,chen when they lie idle without hunting,& theſe Lacedemwon Dogſ differ in onething fromallotherDoggeſ whatſocuer, for wheraſ themale outlineth in vulgar doggeſ of all countrieſ the female, in theſethefemale out—lineththe male , yet the male pZrſſformct hiſ labour with more alacrity, although the female haue the Sharper ſence of ſmel— ling. The I# "\ OfDopggeſ. The nobleſtkind of dogſ for the Hare keep home, voleſſe,they be led abroad, and {il— domebarke: they are thebeſtwhich haue thelongeſt neckeſ, for which cauſe , they vſe thiſ artificiallinuention to ſtretch their neckeſ; they dig a deep hole in the earth, wherein they ſet the Grey—houndſ meat, who being hungry thruſteth downe hiſ head to take it, but finding it to be paſt hiſ reach , ſtretcheth biſ neckaboue the meaſure ofnature,by cu— ſtome wherof, hiſ necke iſ very muchlengthned. Other place the Grey—hound in a ditch, and hiſ meat aboue him,and ſo he reacheth vpward, which iſ more probable. It iſ the pro— perty of theſe Dogſ to beangry withtheleſſer barking Curſ, and they willnot run after cuery triſling beaſt, by ſecret inſtinct of nature, diſcerning what kind of beaſt iſ worthy or vaworthy of their labor , diſdaining to meddle with a little or vilecreature. They are nori— thed with the ſame that the ſmaller hunting dogſ are, and it iſ better to feede them with milk then whay . There are of thiſ kind called /e/z7z, and in Italian Fe/#/a,which haue bene procreatedby a Dog and Leopard,and they areaccounted the ſwifteſtofall other. The grey—houndſ whichare moſt in requeſt among the Germanſ are called Wirdſþ/#//, alluding to compare theirſwifrneſ with the wind, the ſame arealſo called Twki/chwind and Artz— hund,and Falco a Falcon, iſ acommon name whereby they call theſe Doggeſ. The French make moſtaccount of fuch aſarebred inthe monntaineſ of Dalyarid, or in any other mountainſ, eſpecially of Turkey ,forſuch have hard feet,long eareſ, and briftle tayleſ, There are in England and Scotland, two kind of hunting dogſ, and no where elſe in althe 20 world ; the firſt kind they call in Scotland Axe Rache, and thiſ iſ a foot ſmelling creatwure, 39 "4p 3yo. both of wilde beaſtſ, Birdſ , and Fiſheſ alſo, which lie hid among the Rockeſ, the female hereofin England iſ called a Brac%e. The ſecond kind iſ called in Scorland a Sluth—hound, being a little greater then the hunting hound, and in colour for themoſt part browne, or ſandy—ſpotted. The ſeace of ſmelling iſ ſo quicke:in theſe; that they canfollow the footc— ſtepſ of theeuſ;and purſue them—with violence vntillthey ouertake them ;and ifthe theef take the water, they caſt in themſclueſ alſo,and ſwith to the other ſide, where they find out againe afreſh theit former labor,vntill they find the thing they ſeeke for : for thiſ iſ com— mon in the borderſ of England and Scotland, where the people were wont tolinemuch vpon theft, and if the dog brought hiſ leader vnto any houſe, where they may notbe ſuf— fred to come in, they take it for granted, that there iſ both the ſtollen goodſ and the theef alſohidden. — — — THE HVNTING HOVND OF Scotland called Rache, and in En— gliſh a Hovno. Maet auttt o p y he ad gon ſ a ma — y ey ſ . _____ PSre00—= flt eifl 3 Q .3 ſſ Thc 149 Aibertuſ. An iuuenti6 to make a Grey— hound haue along necke. " The diet of a good Grey— hound, The Hiſtory of Foure—feoted Beaſtſ. THE SEVTHHOVND OF— Scotland, cctzlch'h in Fermany biwtſ a Schlatthund, ,.',///\// » f ofl 77 fflſhſi/// /ſffſſ\\.'ſiſi//\ſſ 7Q, gf fl H| [DH IT ſ 5 ſ ML W /\ſi J phd By y Li / \\lſſ Se Z;MMFE ſ goo 3 3 3 " o HOVNDE 00 —Dd o \ ſſ\\ſſ\ff\\\\\\ INTT TIIUIIITIMITIA (Y 3 KSD —S # \ -\(//[;.\) 9 p'__— ( 4 B E are to diſcourſe ofleſſer hunting Dogsſi imparticular, aſ we finde ded, ckc ,W them remembred in any Hiſtorieſ and deſcriptionſ,Poetſ or other Tybrowne or red, Authorſ, according to the ſenerall Countrieſ of their breede and } education ; and firſt for the Brittiſh Doggeſ, their nature and 56 qualitieſ heereafter you ſhall haue in a ſenerall diſcourſe by it ſelfe, "The blood—hounde differeth nothing in quality from the Scottiſh {% Sluth—hound, ſauing they are greater in quantity and not alway one * and theſame colour, foramong them they are ſometime red,ſan— hite, ſpotted, and ofſuch colour aſare other houndſ, but moſt common= Of Doggeſ ſ 15 1 Thevertue of ſmelling called in Latine Sagaciaſ, iſ attributed to theſe aſ to the for=. . mer hunting Hound, of whom wewillfirſt of all diſcourſe, and forthe qualitieſ of thiſ fence which maketh the Beaſt admirable, P/anzaſ ſeemeth to beof opinion; that itre— ceinued thiſ titlefrom ſome Magitianſ'or ſage wiſardſ (called Sage)yfor chiſ he ſaith'ſ ſpear ir Crrenl. king ofthiſ beaſt: Gamem hanc eſſe quidenſ Magiſ parfuit < naſum edepoll ſaganx haber : It iſ K*ſſſi:ſigrſi}:ctt_ alſoattributed to Miſe, not for ſmelling, but for theſence of their palate or taſt; and alio city in Dogſ to'Geeſe : Ina Dogge it iſ that ſence. which ſearcheth out and deſeryerh the rounſteſ, ® — _ fourmeſ,; and Jodgingſof Wilde:Beaſtſ 5 aſ appeareth in thiſiverſe of Z—mizſ Andro— micuſ'ſ } HOuc 18: ieuce imH er3 ine z0 i ——_—=_——Cunftyiiniſ fida canumoiſ , {—— Dirige odorieſquoſ ad certa eubilta caneſ: tyſſ And for thiſ cauſe it hath hiſ proper Epithetſ aſ Odara canzm vi/ſe,promiſſitanum wiſ,co> nartbuſ acreſyc vtiliſ : Pincianuſ calledthiSkind Plaxdi, for ſo did Feſ?uſ before him, and the Germanſ, Speyhrad, and Leidthund, Iaghund; becauſe theirn eateſ arelong, thin, and hanging down.and they differnotfrom vulgardogſ in any other outward proportion ex— cept onely in their cry or barking voice. * lolneknt &S The nature of theſe iſ, being ſet on by the voice and Wordſ oftheirleader, to caſt a— bout fot the ſitting of the Beaſt, and ſo hauing found it, with continuall ery to follow after it till it be wearied, without changing for any other ; ſo that ſometime the hunterſ them— 26 ſelueſ take vp the beaſt, at leaſt wiſe the houndſfildomeſaileto kilit. They fildome þarke, _ . , except in their hunting chaſe; and then they follow their game throgh woodſ; thicketſ, Pedt thorneſ, and other difficult placeſ, being alway obedient and attertine to their leaderſ voice, ſoaſ they may not goeforward when he forbiddeth, nor yet remayne neere to theHunterſ, whereurito they are framed by Art and diſcipline, ratherthen byany natu— rallinſtinct. t ! 103 a nol The White Houndeſ areſaid to be thequickeſt—ſented and ſureſt noſed, and there— fore.beſt for the Hare : the blacke oneſ for the Boare, and the red oneſ for the Hartainnd Roe:buthcereuntoI cannotagree, becauſetheir.colour (eſpecially ofthetwo later) are toolike the game they hunt, although there can be nothing certaine colleced of their co— 0 lour, yet iſ the blacke hound harder and better able to endure cold, then the other which iſ white. In Italy they makeaccount of the ſpotted one, eſpecially whiteand yellowiſh, for they are quicker noſed : they muſt be kept tyed vp till they hunt , yetſo aſ they be let looſe now and then a little to caſe their bellieſ, forit iſ neceſſary that their kennell be kept ſweeteand dry. Itiſ queſtionable how to diſcerne a hound ofexcellent ſence, yet (aſ Blopdwſ ſaithy theſquare and flat Noſe iſ the beſtſigne and index thereof : likewiſe a ſmall head, Having he chavee allhiſ Legſ of equalllength; hiſ breſt not deeper then the belly, andhiſ backe plaine to ofa bemane hiſ taile, hiſ cieſ quicke, hiſ eareſ long hanging, but ſometime ſtand vp +hiſ tailenimble, the bet noſe» and the beake of hiſ Noſe alway to the earth, and eſpecially ſuch aſ are moſtſilent orbark leaſt. < | 49 . Thereareſome ofthat nature, who whertthey haue foundthebeaſtthey—will ſtand ſtill Zenmh vntill their Hunter come, to whom in ſilence by their face, eie, and taile; they ſhewtheir OZnſiZb::u! game.Now youare to obſerue, the diverſ and variable' diſpoſition of Houndeſ in theit Oppianiiſ findidg out the beaſt: ſome, when they haue found the footeſtepſ goe forward without ſ any voice or o ther ſhew of eare or taile. Againe,another ſore when they haue found the footingſ of the beaſt, pricke vp their eare a little, but either barke or wag their taileſ; 0— ther will wag their raile but not mou their eareſ, other again wring their faceſ and driw theirſkinſ through ouer much intention, (like forrowfull perſonſ, and ſo follow the ſent holding the taile immoueable. — — There be ſomeagaine which do none of theſe, but wander vp and down, barking. about 5© the ſureſt markeſ, and confounding their owne foot—ſtepſ with the beaſteſ they hunt, or elſe forſake the way, and {o runne backe againe to the firſtheade ; but when they ſee the Hare, they tremble and are affraid, not datingto come neare her, except ſhe runne away firſt ; theſe with the other , whichhinder the cunting laborſ of their colleagueſ, truſting — to their feet, and running before their betterſ, deface the beſt marke, or elſe hunt coun— t fCK The beſt ting. The firſt training of oundſ. The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. ter (aſ they termeit) take vp any falle ſcent for thetruch,or which iſ more reprehenſible, neuer forſake the high waieſ, and yet haue norlearnedto hold their peace : vnato theſeal— ſo you may adde, thoſe which cannotdiſcerne the footingſ or prickingſ oftheHare,yer will they runne ſpeedily when they ſecher,or elſe at the beginning ſet f_or\h very hot;and afterwardtyre, and give ouer lazily ; allthcſearenotto be admitted into the kennellof good houndſ. 25 But the good andaproued houndſ on the contrary,when they have found the Hare,make ſhew therof to the hunter, by.running more ſpeedily ;and with geſture of head,cyeſ.carſ, and taile, winding to the Hareſ muſe,neuer gine oner proſecution with a gallant noiſe,ne not returning to their leaderſ,leaſtthey looſeaduantage : theſehaue good andhardfect, and are of ſtately ſtomackſ,not givuing oner for any hate,and fearenot the rockeſ or other thountaine, placeſ,aſ the Poetexpreſſeth : } 45 8 Que lanſ prima canum? quibuſeſt andaciapracepſ : —— Que nnnc clatiſ rimantur naribuſ aur aſ : Et perdunt clamoreferam, dominngue vocando Inſequitur tumuloſque caniſ campoſque þer omneſ. . Venandi ſagax virtuſ vireſqueſequendi, Et nunc demiſſo quarunt veſtigia roſizo. TIncrepitant quenſ f collatiſ effugit armiſy t Noſter in arte labor poſituſ.(þeſ omniuſ in illa cre. Andthereforeaalſo itiſ good oftentimeſ to lead the houndſ to the mountaineſ for exer— ciſe of their feet, when you haueno Hate orother beaſt. — . And whereaſ the nature of thiſ Hareiſ, ſometimeſ to leape and make headingſ,ſome— timeto tread ſoftly withoutany great impreſſion in the earth, orſometimeſto lie downe and cuer to leapeor iumpe out and in to hir owne forme or ſitting, the poore hound iſ ſo much themore buſied and troubled to retaine the ſmall ſauour of her footingſ which ſhe leaneth behind her : for thiſ cauſealſo it iſ to be noted, that the hound muſtbe holpe not onely withthevoyce, eye, and hand ofthehunter, butalſo with a ſeaſonable time , for in time of hun. froſty weather the ſauour congealethand freezeth with the earth, ſo aſ you cannot hunt with any certainty—vntil a thaw thereof, or till the ſunneariſe. . Likewiſe if rainefall betwixt the going of the Hareand the hunting time, you cannot hunttill the water be dryed vp, for the dropſdiſperſethe ſcent of the Hare and the drye weather recollecteth it againe. The Summer time allo iſ not for hunting , by reaſon the heate of the earth conſumeth the ſauour, and the night being then but ſhort,the Hare trauaileth but little, feeding onely in the enuening and morning. Likewiſe the ,fragrancy ofcuery greene herbe yeeldethſuch a ſauour, aſ doth not a little obliterateand ouerſway theſauour of the beaſt : and therefore A7/#otle in hiſ wonderſ, ſheweth that in Ac#»a in : theſummer time, thereare ſuch plenty of ſweete ſmelling flowerſ eſpecially of violetſ which onercome the Noſtrilſ of the houndeſ,ſo aſ in vaine they follow the Hare Th; beſt time there fore for hunting with theſe houndſ iſ the Autumneor fall of the Icaf'ſſc by— cauſe chatthen the odourſ of herbſ are weakned, and the earth barer then at other tixſincys 'The beſtmanner to teach theſe houndſ , iſ to rake a line Hareand trayle herafter you v ſ on the earth,now one way,now another ; andſo hauing drawen ita conuenient {; ;Z::c hjgc it inthe earth 5 afterward ſet forchyour hound neere the traile, who takin gthe w}i)nde run— nethtoand fro, through Woodſ, fieldſ, paſtureſ, path—wayeſ,and hedgeſ, vntill he finde which way the Hare iſ gon, but with a ſoft and gentle pace, vntill at length Zommina neer thelodged Hare, he mendeth hiſ pace and beſtirreth himſelfe more ſpeedil ]Z in: vpon hiſ prey like ſome ſerpent, or aſ an arrow ſhot out of a bow, and ſo tcariny iti 3 cg eeſ or killing it with loy , loadeth himſelfe with hiſ conqueſtand bringeth itto hg n %: ſ with triumpb,who muſt receine both dog and it, with all tokenſ of loue intohiſ ſ malbo ſome, which thing cauſed Meweſſa» to write thuſ ; ey Quiafretaſi Morinum dubio refluentia pon to O quanta eſt merceſ C quantumimpendia ſupra Protinuſ, hac vna eſt catuliſ iactura Britanniſ Veloceſ, noſtrique orbiſ venatiluſ aptoſ. 'There 19 29 30 49 5. Of Doggeſ. I53 Thereare diverſ Country Doggeſ like vnto theſe, aſ the Gelowi and Groſi, which cau— Ofthc houdſ ſed ouid to reckonand cal Irhmobareſ one of Ad .xopſ Dogſ Groſiuſ : whom Oppianuſ com— ot :ſiſi[ct,ſivg parethto the Polipuſ fiſlh, which {melling in the waterſ the leaueſ of Oliveſ, by the fent iſ —| drawne to the land to eate them. The Spaniſh Dogſ whome the French call Eſpagnenlſ, ; hauelong eatreſ, but not like a Bracheſ,, and by their noſeſ hunt bothHareſ and Conteſ, theyarenot rough but ſmoothhaired. The T#/ſear Dogſ arecommended by Nemeſtan, notwithſtanding, they are not beautifullto looke vpon, hauing adcepe ſhbaggy haire, yet iſ their game not vnpleaſant. t Sepe Canum forma eſt illiſ licet obſitavillo, Handtamen ineiucunda dabunt tibi munera pr eda. Atgque etiam leporumiſecreta cubilia monſtrant, Quinet Tnſcorumnoneſt extremavoluptaſ. The/mbrian Dogge iſ ſharpenoſed, but fearefullofhiſ ſporte, aſ Grazivſ expreſſeth, Aut exigitVmber : nare ſagax e cilleferaſ, 2 Atfugit aduer ſuſ idem quoſ efferent hoſteſ Tantaforet virtuſ 5 & tantum vellet inarmiſ, Rſ The—£zolian Dogſ haue alſo exceilent ſmelling Noſeſ, and are not flow or fearefull, whom Grativſ expreſſeth aſ followeth: AEtolaquacungue caniſ de {lirpe malignum : Sew fruſtra ruiniſ properat furor et tamenillud Mirum qgam celereſ & quantum nare merentur : Et clangore citat, quoſ nondum conſpicit aproſ, officium,GC— |:» TheFrench Doggeſ are deriued or propagated of the Doggeſ of great Brittaine, and are ſwift and quike ſented, but not all, for they haue of dinerſ kindeſ aſ Gratinſ expreſſeth in theſewordſ: Magnague diner {oſ extollit gloria celt aſ. 5 They are very ſwift and not ſharp noſed, wherefore they aremingled in generation with the/mbrizm Doggeſ,andthereforehe celebrateth in many verſeſ, the praiſe of thefirſt Hunter (aſ he takech him. ) Z/agwo Beopi#ſ and hiſ Dog Metagon : and afterward the Dog . _ Petronmuſ,but it may be,that by Mezagon, he meaneth the dogſ of Lybia,becauſe there iſ 3© a Citty of that name: and by Petzroniuſ the dogſ of Italy, tor Petronia iſ a riuer that falleth into Tiber. f , The Gramarianſ cal a Dog engendered of a hound and an ordinary French Dog,/ertſ— geſatumbler: by cauſe he ſetteth himſelfe to hunting, and bringeth hiſ pray to hiſ mai— ſter, whereupon Marziall made thiſ DiTichon: Non ſibi, ſed domino venatur vertaguſ acer Zlleſum leporem quitibi dente feret. — Such bealſo other ſmelling Doggeſ, called in the German tongue ( Zochhnd/e) that iſ Terriorſ orBeagleſ : theſe will ſet vpon Foxeſ and Badgerſ in the earth , and by biting expellthem out of their Dennſ ; whereof Ariſtatle reporteth a wonder, that one ofthem 40 followed a Foxe vader the ground in Seo#/a, and there made ſo great a noyſeby barking, that the hunterſ went alſo into the caue, where they ſaw many ſtrange thingſ which they related tothe chiefe magiſtrate. The water Spagnell. 10 29 a < — 1 ſ 5— ut ed ( the French calthem dogſ of the quailſ, u au ,wealhi? em 2 PZ 7 J joÞ and the Germaineſ Vogel—huxd, afowle J / " W >4— \\\\ 2 » \\ hound, although all birdeſ little feare / — " Dogſ except the Buſtard, who hath a ?— go" — — heauy body.and iſ notable to fly farre + ( —_ yet are theſe taught by Falconerſ to a | retrive & raiſe Partridgeſ,for they firſt taketheminto the fieldſ & ſhew them Partrigeſ, whom after they haue ſaucured twice or thrice, by cuſtome they remember, and being vncoupled will beſtirre themſelueſ into allcornerſ to finde them, being after a . while very proud of emploiment,and very vnderſtanding in their game : they are for the moſtpart white or ſported, with red or blacke : the Pollonianſ call them (Pobicnirai )& a poet deſcribeth them thuſ: & MNare ſagax alinſcampiſque vndiſque volucreſ Quarit cr'adunckſ hacindefeſſuſ & illine Diſcurrit, Of the mixt kind of Dogſ called in Engliſb Mangrelſ or Mangrelſ. — —, Hoſe we call Mangrelſ which thoughthey be on both ſideſ, »)|| propagated by Doggeſ,yetare they not of one kind : for aſ C{/, | once doggſ coupled with Afſeſ, Leopardſ, Lyonſ, Tigreſ, ?o[| Apeſ, or any ſiich beaſtſ, according to the old verſe 5 \ Cani congenereſ [upuſ, vulpeſ, Hyena TJgriſ So now it iſ ordinary for the greyhound to couple with the maſtine, the hound with the Grey—hound ,,the maſtine with the Shepherdſ dog, and the ſhepherdſ dog with anie other it iſ not to be omitted that thiſ comixtion ofkindſ haue bin inuented by hunterſ for the amendment of ſome natural fault or defe& they found in the Monoplyli,that iſ, one ſinglekind, and ſo heereby they added ſome qualitieſ to their kind which they wanted before either in ſtrength of body, or craft of wit : for they derivue both of theſefrom their ſireſ, wherfore Oppian=ſ declareth that in the Commixtion of dogſ,the ancientſ coupled together theſe kindſ, the Arcadianſ with the Eleianſ,the Cretenſ/ranſ with the P.2omjanſ, the Carianſ,with the Thracianſ, the Lacedemontanſ with the Tyrrhenian,the Sarmatianwith the Iberian, & the Gallican dogſ with the ymbrian, becauſe they want the quicke ſence ofſmelling :according to theſe verſeſ : 3 Quondam inconſult iſ mater dabit vmbricaGalliſ Senſum agilem, traxere aniineſ de parte Gelone Hyreano, & vane tantum Calydoniſ lingua Exibit vitium patre emendata Moloſſo Thcſc dogſ ſo generated are peculiarly termed in Greeke 27yD// and Fzrybridaaſ Porphy— 7iuſ writeth. The French VWolueſ were wont to haue a dogfdrthcir captain or leader.,and itiſ ordinary for wolueſ & dogſ to couple together aſ by experience it hath bin obſerued: a 39 cur or Beagle, of theſe kindſ we will nowſpeak in order. And 4@ 59 10 2 0 Of Doggeſ. — 155 And it iſ certaine thatmaſtive dogſhad their fore Virgill calleth one of theſe dogſ LEyriſea, Referenſque lupum#toruo ore Lyciſca, : firſt beginning from thiſ copulation, wher— \ The dogſ which are bred of Theeſ, are commended for their rare qualitieſ and vnder— ſtanding partſ in the time of warreſ, by Hagzor Beotuſ in theſe verſeſ 5 Hic & ſemiferam thoum de ſanguineprolem Sew norit voceſ,S em Nudi ad pignor a martiſ Ee [ubiere aſtu, G paruiſ domuere lacertiſ valpina ſhetie. The Doggeſ of Hyrcania doe of themſelueſ runne into the Woodſ, (like adultererſ)y (2) and ſecke outthe Tygreſ to engender with them, which thing Gz7azivſ remembreth ele— gantlyin many verſeſ: Vitroque graniſ ſuctedere Tigrim Auſacaniſ,matore tulit de ſanguine foetum Excutiet ſilua magnuſ pugnator adepta : 'OEDog: de— In the ranke of theſe Mangrelſ, I may adde in the next place thoſe Doggeſ, called by the tenderſ and the Greecianſ Sypmaſchi, and Somatophjlakeſ, becauſethey attend vpon men in theirtra— actenderſ on uelleſ and laborſ to defend them, and are taught to fight for them, both againſt men and Zſſzctſi;ct(,ct_ otherbeaſteſ 5 wherein they are aſ ready both to take knowledge of violence offered to their maiſter, and alſo to renenge ot hinder it, aſ a reaſonable creature can be. Theſeare * called of the Latineſ Cazeſ ſocy deferſoreſ, ſociable dogſ 5 of which there be two ſortſ, the firſt, iſleſſer , becing of rough and long curl ed haire, hiſ head—couered with long haire, pulation The Shep— heardſ Dog. he Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. thePoet Eupoliſ, who taught bim by many ſigneſ and geſtureſ for the loue of hiſ meate,to obſcrue hiſ ſeruant Ephialteſ, ifatany timehe:ſtole money from him. And at the laſt, the wily Dog obſerned the ſeruant ſonarrowly, that he found him robbing hiſ maiſterſ cof— ferſ : wherefore he inſtantly fellvppon him and tore him in pieceſ.| 1 he which Dog after. ward died for ſorrow of hiſ maiſterſ death; wherupon Aclianuſ ſalth_cþar the place of hiſ death in £gina waſ called the place of mourning, to the day ofhiſ writing. | Nicomedeſking of Bythiniahad one oftheſe Moloſſſian great DogS, which he nOctrlſhcd veric tenderly, and made it very familiar with him ſelfe : it fell out ona time, that'chxs king being indalliance with hiſ wife Ditizxele in the preſence of the Dog, and ſhe againe hang— ing about the kingſ necke, kiſſing and prouoking him to lone with amorouſ geſtureſ, the Dog thinking ſhe had beene offering ſome violenceto hiſ maiſter the king, preſently flew vpon her, and with hiſ teeth pulled her right ſhoulder from her bodie,and ſo leſc'cheamo- rouſ Queen to die in thearmeſ of her louing huſband : which thing cauſed the king toba— niſh the Dogge for euer out of hiſ ſight, for ſorrow whereof heſooneaſfter died ſ but the Queenewaſ moſtnobly buried, at Nicomedia in a golden iſiepulchcr : the which waſ ope— ned in the raigne of the Emperour Michael/, ſonne of 77 heophiluſ ,and there the womanſ body waſ found whole and not putrified, being wrapped ina golden veſture, which taken off,and tried in furnace, yeilded aboue an hundred and thirteen poundſ of pure gold. . Whena Dragon waſ ſetting vppon O7phemſ, aſ he waſ occupied in hawking, by hiſ Dogſ hiſ lite waſ ſaued and the Dragondenoured. And when Celinſ one of the Senatorſ of Placentia being ſicke, waſ ſet vpon by certaine lewdfelloweſ, he reeceiued no wounde till hiſ Dog waſ {laine. '*_ There waſ neuer any thing mmore ſtrange in the nature of Dogſ, then that which hap— ned at Rhodeſ beſieged by the Turke, for the Doggeſ did there deſcerne betwixtChriſti— anſ and Turkeſ; for toward the Turkeſ they weremoſt eager, furiouſ, and vnappeaſable, buttowardſ Chriſtianſ although vnknowne, moſt eaſie,peaceableand placidiouſ,which thing cauſed a certaine Poct to write thuſ : Hiſ auxere fidem .quoſ noſiro fulua ſub are Arna, & Carpathif defendit littora ponti. Peitora thoracum tunica ſacrupnque profano Miratur, nutritque Rhodoſ, cuſtodibuſ illiſ It notteſ animo{a Phalanx innexatrilict Seligit,&r blande exceptum deducit ad vrbem. There were two hundred of theſe Doggeſ which brought the king of Garamanſ from baniſhment, reſcuing him from all thatreſiſted. The Colophonian and Czſſablle}z/ian or CaJ pian Doggeſ fought in all their battelſ : ſo likewiſe the Ciombrian,Hircanian, and Magneſian Dogſ : theſealſo the Spaniardſ vſed in Z2d/a to hunt out the naked people, falling vppon to by their leaderſ finger . And for thiſ cauſe waſ it, that Fa/@heſ the Spaniard cauſed P4— era an Indian Lord,and three other hiſ wicked companionſ to be caſt vnto Dogſ for theit vnnaturallluſt : but the inhabitantſ of Caramzair and Carib, doe drive away the D%ggcs, for through their admirable aciuitie in caſting darteſ, they pierce the Doggeſ ere euer they g)mc neare them with poyſonedarroweſ. Andthuſ much for the greate warlike defenſiue OgS + . Inthenextplace followeththe Shepheardſ Dog.called by Virgill, Pecuariuſ Camiſ:and thiſ cannot properly be tearmed a dumbekeeper, for there iſ no creature that willmore ſtirre, barke ,and mouc noiſe, then one of theſe againſt thicfe or wilde beaſt. They areal— 2 30 Pet.MArY'— them aſ fiercely aſ euer they would vpon Boreſ,or other wilde beaſtſ, being pointed vn— 40 ſovſed by Heardſ—:men, Swine—heardſ, and Goate—heardſ, to drine away allannoyanceſ 5"* from their Cattell, and alſo to guide and gouerne them, in executing their ruaiſterſ plea— Zrc_:\ipon ſigneſ g}_ucn ithcn;], towhichof the ſtragling beaſteſ they ought to make force. Neither iſ it requiſite that thiſ Dog be ſolarge or nimble aſ iſ th h ichi apointed for Deer and Hareſ. & " ſ iſ the Greyhounde, which iſ But yet thathe be ſtrong,quick,ready ,and vnderſtanding,both for brauling & fightintg> ſo 'Of Doggeſ. \ ESD foaſ he may feare away and alſo follow (if need bey the rauening Wolfe, and take away theprey out of hiſ mouth ; wherefore a ſquare proportion of body iſ requiſitein theſe , beaſtſ, and a tolerable lightneſ of footr, ſuch aſ iſ the village dog, vſed onely to keep hou— ſeſ, and hereefalſo they are the beſt, who haue the greateſt or lowdeſtbarking voiceſ,& Colizellſ. are not apt to leape vpon enuery ſtraunger or beaſt they ſee, but reſerne their ſtrength till theiuſt time of imployment. — They approue alſo in thiſ kind aboue all othet, the white colour ; becauſe in the night Blond time they are themore eaſily diſcernd from the Wolfe,, or other noiſome beaſt; for ma— ****** ny timeſ it falleth out that the Shepheard in the twy—light, ſtriketh hiſ Dog inſtedofthe Froue. to Wolfe : theſe ou ght to be well faced, blacke or duſky eieſ, and correſpondent Noſtrilſ of the ſame colour withtheir cieſ, blacke ruddy lippeſ, a crooked Camoyſe noſe, a flat chap w ith two greatbrocheſ or long ſtraight ſharpe teeth growing out thereof, coucred with their lipſ, a great head , great eareſ, a broad breaſt, a thicke necke, broadand ſolide ſholderſ, ſtraightlegſ , yet rather bending inwardthen ſtanding outward ; Ercat and thick feet, hard crooked naileſ , a thicke taile which groweth leſſer to the end thereof, then at thefirſtioyntnext the body, and the body allrugged with haire, for that maketh the dog moreterrible ; and then alſo it iſ requiſite that he be prouided of the beaſtbreede, ney— ther buy him of a hunter (for ſuch an one will be gone at the ſight of a Deer or Harenor yetof a Butcher ; for it will be fluggiſh ; therefore take him yong, and bring him vp con— 20 tinually to attend ſheepe, for ſo will he be moſt ready, that iſ trained vppe among Shep— heardſ, 3 $ie —They vſealſo to couer their throat and necke with large broad collarſ, pricked th t a with naileſ, for elſeif the wilde beaſt bite them inthoſe placeſ ,the dogge iſ eaſily killed —: þ,,,,,,, but being bitten at any other place he quickly auoideth the wound. The loue of ſuch to the The loue of cattel they keepe iſ very great, eſpecially to ſheep ; for when Publime Aufidiuſ Pontianuſ, f(ft%:ſi?ſiſi}ct': bought certaine flockeſ of Sheepein the fartheſt part of Fmbzia, and brought Shepherdſ arend. with him to drive them homeſ; with whome the dogſ went along vnto Heracl/ea, and the Metapontine coaſtſ, where the droucerſ left the q'ttell; the dogſ for loue of the Sheepe yet continued andattended them, without regard of any man, and forraged in the fieldſ for 30 Ratſ and Mice to eat; vntillatlength they grew weary and leane, and ſo returned back a— gaine vnto »»briaalone, without the conduct of men, to their firſt maiſterſ,bcing many daieſ iourney fromthem. | Itiſ good to keep many of theſe together, arthe leaſt two for enery flock,that ſo when one of them iſ hurt or ſick,the herd be not deſtitute: & it iſ alſo good to have theſe male and female, yet ſome vſe to geld theſe, thinking that for thiſ cauſe they will the more vi— gilantly attend the flocke: howbeit I cannot aflent hereunto, becauſe they are too gentle andlefſeeager when they want their ſtoneſ. They are to be taken from their dam at two monethſ old, and not before : and it iſ not good to givethem hot meate, for that will en— creaſeimthem madneſ, neither muſt they taſt any of the dead carkaſſeſ of the Cattell, — , leſt that cauſe them to fal vpon the lining;forwhen once they haue taken aſinatch of their bloodor fleſh,you ſhal ſildom reclaim the from that devouting appetite. The vnderſtan— ding of theſe Shepherdſ dogſ iſ very great, (eſpecially in England) for the Shepherdſ wil thereleaue their dogſ alone with the flockſ,and they are taught by cuſtome, to keepe the ſheep within the compaſſe of their paſture, and diſcern betwixt graſſe and corn;for when they ſee the Sheep fall vpon the corne ,they run and drine them away from that forbidden fruit of their ownacord;and they likewiſe keep very ſafely their maiſterſ garmentſ & vi— &tualſ,from allannoyance vntill their return.Ther iſ in Xe9pþox a complaint of the Sheep to the Shepherdſ concerning theſe dogſ:we maruel(ſaid the ſheep)at thee,that ſecing we yeeld thee milk, lambſ ,and cheeſe,wherupon thou feedeſt 5 neuertheleſ thou giveſt VnEO A preiry faſ go VS nothing but that which groweth out of the earth, which we gather by our own induſtry; lg)ſifi of ?ctehſi and whereaſ the dog doth none of al theſe,;bim thoufeedeſt withthine own hand, & bred. Ho22.. from thine own trencher : the dog hearing thiſ.complaint of the Sheep,replyed ; that hiſ rewardattheſhepherdſ hand waſ inſt, andnomore then hic deſerved, for (ſaide hee) I looke vntoyou, and watch you from the rauening Wolfe, andpilfering theefe, ſo aſ if onceTforſake you, then it will not bee ſafe for you, to vialke in your paſtureſ; E Pi vÞ o ou — a3 + 9 9 Gyralduſ diabolicalſviritſ. Andby thelikeinſtin&,Scipio Affritamiſ waſ wont to enter into the Ca— (atnſ __pital, and commaund the Chappel of upiter to be openedto him, at whom no one of the kc?pcr—Dogs would euer ſtir, which cauſedthemen—keeperſ of the templemuch to mar— vaile, whereaſ they would rage fercely againſt all other : whereupon S#x073 madetheſe verſeſ, falſely imputing thiſ demonicallilluſion to divine reuclation. Quid The coleur ei thiſ Dog. Vegetinſ Artemadoruſ 10 30 49 Of Doggeſ. — 16 1 Quid tacitoſ linguam quoſ veri hand niſeia Crete Nee ſemper mendax, ait aurea templatuenteſ Parcereque hand vili ſolitoſ, (mirabile dictu) Dotta Tyanei Aratoſ ſenior iſ ad or a Nen magico Cantu ſed quod dininituſ illiſ Inſitaviſ ommpiovirtutiſ gnaralatentiſ. 3 Thelike ſtrange thing iſ reported of a Temple or Church inmeCraconia, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, wherecin euerynightare an afſembly of dogſ, which vnto thiſ day (ſaith the Schrcberg, Author)meete voluntarily at an appointed houre, for the cuſtody of the Temple, and 19 thoſe ortiamentſ whichare preſerued therein againſt cheqſifſigſſs and robberſ : and if it for— tune any of the Doggeſ be negligent and flackc acthehoure aforeſaide, then will he bark about the church vntill he beeletin, but hiſ felloweſ take puniſhment of him, and fallon him biting and rending hiſ ſkinne, yea ſoxnctime killing him'; and theſe Dogſ haue a ſet dyet or allowance of dinner, from the! Canonſ andpreacherſ of the Church; whichthey duely obſerue without breach of ordet; forto daytwoe of theim will goeto one Cannonſ houſe, and two to anotherſ,and ſo likewiſealthe reſidue in turneſ ſucceſſinely viſit theſe— verallhouſeſ within the cloyſter yard; neuer going twice together to one houſe,nor pre— nenting the refecion of their felloweſ 5 and the ſtory iſ reported by Antonimſ Schneberge— ruſ for certaine truth, vpon hiſ owneknowledge. ""OF THE MIMICKE OR GETVL E an Dogge, and the little MelitcanDoggeſ b of GENTiErvvyonxnrn, we o Here iſ alſo in England two other ſorteſ of dogſ, thefigure of the firſtiſ heere expreſſed, being apt to imitatealthingſ it Tohn Cay. /!\ |\ ſeeth,for which cauſe ſome haue thoght,thatit waſ coceiued he grp .... i/ ( by an Ape, for in wit & diſpoſition it reſembleth an ape, but neration of in face ſharpe andblacke like a Hedghog, hauing a ſhort re — Vimicke {}/| curued body, very long legſ ,ſhaggy haire,and a ſhort taile: SH ")I thiſ iſ called ofſome(Ganiſ Lucernarim)theſe being brought > <\| | vp with apeſ in their youth, learne very admirable & ſtrange |[featſ, wherofthere were greatplenty in Zgypr in the time of The feateſof lking P#olomy,which were taught toleap,play ,& dance.at the 4*%*— P3 hearing 162 — T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. hearing of muſicke, and in many poore menſ houſeſ they ſerued inſleed ofſernuantſ for dinerſ vſeſ. | 3+,= " Theſe arealſo vſed by plaierſ and Puppet—Mimickſ to worke ſtraunge trickeſ, for the Alberta _ſight whereofthey getmuchmoney : ſuch anone waſ the Mimickſ dog, of which P/z— tarch writeth that he ſaw in a publicke ſpectacleat Rome before the Emperor /e/paſian, The dog waſ taught to ad a play, wherein were containedmany perſonſ partſ; I meane the affectionſ of many other dogſ : at laſt there waſ given him a piece of bread, wherein aſ waſſaide waſ poiſon, hauing vertue to procure a deadſleepe, which he receivedand ſwallowed ; and preſently after the eating thereof he began to recle and ſtagger tooand fro like a drunken man, auddell downe to the ground, aſ if he had bin dead, and ſo laiea 10 goodſpace not ſtirring foot for lim, being drawnevppe and downe by dinerſ perſonſ, ac— cording aſ the geſtureof the play he adGed did require, but when heeperceined by—the time and otherſigneſ thatit waſ requiſite to ariſe, he firſt opened hiſ eieſ, and life vp hiſ head a litcle, then ſtretched forth himſelfe like aſ one dothwhen he riſeth from ſleepeſ at the laſt vp he getethand runncth to him to whom that part belonged,not without the ioy and good content of Ceſar and allother the beholdetrſ. 3 To thiſ may be added another ſtory of a certaine Italian about the yeare 1403. called Andrew whohad a red Dog with him of ſtrange featſ, and yet he waſ blind. For ſtanding in the Market place compaſſed about witha circle of many people, there were brought by the ſtanderſ by many Ringſ, Iewelſ, braceletſ and peeceſ of gold and filuer,,and there 2 within the circle were coucred with earth, then the dog waſ bid te ſeeke them out, who with hiſ noſe and feet did preſently find and diſcouer them, then waſ hee alſo commaun— dedto give to enery one hiſ owneRing, Iewell, Bracelet, or money , which the blind dog did performe directly without ſtay or doubt. Afterward the ſtanderſ by, gaue vnto him dinerſ peeceſ of coine, ſtamped with the imageſ of ſundry princeſ, and then one called for a piece of Engliſh money, and the Dog deliuered him a peece, another for the Em— perorſ coine, and the dog deliuerd hima piece thereof :and ſo conſequently evuery prin— ceſ coine by name, till all waſ reſtored ; and thiſ ſtory iſ recorded by Abbaſ yr/pergenſiſ, whereupon the common people ſaid,the dog waſ a diuell or elſe poſſeſſed withſome py— thonicall ſpirit : & ſo much for thiſ dog. — Srrato There iſ a towne in Pachyw»=ſ, a promontory of Sicily (called Melita) from whenceare. Ofthe Meli— tranſported many fine little Dogſ called (Melit.ei caneſ) they were accounted the Iewelſ txan Dogſ. of women, but now the ſaid towne iſ poſſeſſed by Fiſher—men ,and there iſ no ſuch recko— ning made of thoſetender little dogſ, for theſe are not bigger then common Ferretſ, or Wealſilſ, yet are they not ſmall in vnderſtanding, nor mutable in their lone to men : for which cauſe they are alſo nouriſhed tenderly for pleaſure; whereupon came the prouerbe Melitea Catelia, for one noriſhed for pleaſure, & Cawiſ digno throno, becauſe princeſ hold them in their handſſitting vpon their eſtate. — ot . heodoruſ the tumbler and dauncer had one of theſe , which loned him ſo well, that at hiſ death he leaped into the fire after hiſ body. Now a daieſ, they haue found another 49 Blonduſ, breede of little dogſ in all nationſ ,beſide the Afe//ze@» Dogſ, either madeſo by art, aſ in— The arteof cloſing their bodieſ in the earth when they are Whelpeſ, ſoaſ they cannot grow great, Ectgg*gſif It by reaſon of the place,or elſ,leſſening and impayring their growth,by ſomekind of meat or nouriſnment.Theſe are called in Germany , Bracken Scho/ſhundle and Gut/chenþundle, the Italianſ B9zz0le, other Nationſ haue no common name for thiſkind that Iknow, Adar— #iall madethiſ Drſfichen of a little French dog; for about Lyonſ in France thereare ſtore ofthiſ kind, and are ſold very deare ; ſometimeſ for ten Crowneſ, and ſometimeſfor more. 39 Delitiaſ parue ſt viſ andire catelle Narrantibrewiſ eft pagina tota mihi. They are notaboue a foote,or halfe a footlong,and alway the leſſer the more delicate # and preciouſ. Their head like the head of a Monſe but greater, their ſnowt ſharpe, their eareſlike the eareſ of a Cony , ſhort Legſ, little feete, long taile, and White colou; and the haireſ about the ſhoulderſ longer then ordinary , iſ moſt comended. Theyare of, plea— ſant diſpoſition, and willleape andbite, without pinchingand barke prettily, andſome of them Of Doggeſ. 16 3 them aretaught to ſtand vpright, holding vp their fore legſlike handſ, other to fetch and cary in their mouthſ,that which iſ caſtvnto them. Therebeſome wanton Women whichadmit them totheir bedſ, and bring vp their young oneſ in their owneboſomeſ, for they areſo tender,that they ſildome bring aboue one at a time, but they looſe their life. It waſ reported that when Grego in Syracuſe waſ to ocfrom homeamong other Goſſipſ,ſhe gane hirmayd charge of two thingeſ,one that the ſhouldlooke to her child when it cryed, the other, that ſhe ſhould keepe thelitle dog withindooreſ. Publinuſhad a little dog (called 7//a) hauing about the necketoo ſiluer belſ,vpon a filken x0 Collar, which for the neatneſſe thereof, ſeemed rather to be a picture then a creature 5 whereof Mazziall madethiſ elegant Epigram, comprehending the rare voyceand other geſtureſ in it 5 Iſſaeft purior ofculo collumbe Iſſa eft blandior ommibuſ puelliſ, Iſſaeſt carior indiciſ lapilliſ Iſſaeft delitia eatellapubly Hanc tu, ſi queritur loquiputabiſ Sentit triftitiamgne gandiumane Gollo nexa cubat capitque ſommoſ Vt ſuſpiria nullaſentiantur Et deſiderio coatt a ventr iſ Guttapallia,non fefallit vlla, Sed blandopede ſuſcitat toroque Deponimonet G rogat lenari Caſtetantuſ ineft pudor catelle Hanc ne lux rapiat ſuprema totam. 26 Pict am publinſ exprimit tabella In qua tam ſimilem videbiſ iſſam Vt fit tam ſimiliſ ſthi nec ip/ a Iſſam denique pone cum tabolla Ant vtramgqueputabiſ efſeveram Aut vtrangue putabiſ eſſepiitam. Marcelluſ Empiricuſ reciteth a certaine charme, made of the rinde of a wild figtree, held to the Splecne orliner of a little dog, and afterward hanged vp in the ſmooketo dry, and pray thataſ therind or barke dryeth, ſo theliner or Spleeneofthe dog may neuer grow 5 and thereupon the dog, (ſaith that fooliſh Empericke) ſhall nener grow greater, then it waſ at the time that the barke waſ hanged vp to drying. To let thiſ trifle goe, I willend the diſcourſe of theſe little dogſ with one ſtory of their loue and vnderſtanding. There waſ a certainenoble Woman in Sicily, which vnderſtanding her huſband waſ AcZaneſ 2 gone a long forney from home, ſent to a louer ( I ſhould ſay anadulterery ſhe had , who Allflſiſſſifſi; came, & by bribery & mony given to her ſeruantſ, ſhe admitted him to her bed, but yet tbh: ettone ry privately, more for feare of puniſhenert, then care of modeſty ; and yet for all her craft, of an adulre— ſhe miſtruſted not her little Dog , who didſee euery day where ſhelocked vp thiſ adulte— "** by a livle rer:atlaſt, hex huſband camehome, before herloner waſ auoyded, and in thenight the little Dogſeeing hiſ true maiſter returned home, ranne barking to the doore and leaped vp thereupon, (within which the W horemonger waſ hiddeny and thiſ he did oftentimeſ" \together,fawning and ſcraping hiſ Lord and maiſter alſo 5 infomuchaſ he miſtruſted(and that iuſtly) ſome ſtrange event : AtJaſt, he brake open the doore, and found the adulte— rer ready Armed withhiſ ſword, wherewithall he flew the goodman of the houſe vna— wareſ : and ſo enloyed the adulterateWoman for hiſ wife, for murther followeth if it go 4 notbeforeadultery. Thiſ ſtory iſ related by Aclianmſ to ſetforth a vertue of theſe litcle Dogſ, how they obſerue the actionſ of them that nouriſh them, andalſo ſome deſcreti— on betwixt good and euill. The Dogſ of Egypraremoſtfearefull of allother, and their cuſtome iſ to runne and drinke, or drinke of the Ryuer A#wſ running, for feare of the Crocodilſ ;Whereupon Actonut came the Proucrbe, ofa man that did any thing ſlightly or haſtily, 72 camiſ & Nilo bi— Solinuſ. bit. Alcibiadeſ hada Dog which he would not ſellvnder 28. chouſand Sefterceſ, that iſ ſe— ven hundredErench Crowneſ; it waſ a goodly and beautiful Dog,yet he cut of hiſ raile, whereofhe gaue no other reaſon, being demaunded why he ſo blemiſhed hiſ Beaſt, but onely thatby thatfaet hee might gine occaſion to the Azhen/anſto talke of him. Dullue 3®% — TheDoggeſ of Caramaniacannever be tamed, for their men alſo are wilde and liue without allaw and civility : and thuſ much of Dogſ in ſpecial. In the next place I thoght good to inſertinto thiſ ſtory the treatiſe of. Engliſh Dogſ, firſt ofall written in Latineby nShtunſ that famouſ DoGour in Phiſicke Z0hp Cay, and{incetranſlated by A. F. and direGed to that noble Ge/wer , which iſ thiſ that followeth » thatſothereader may chaſe whether of both to affeS beſt. < The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Ihe Preamble or entrance, into the Treatiſe following. S— Wrote vnto you (wellbeloued friend Geſmer) not many yearſ paſt, a manifolde hiſtory;containing the diverſ formſandþ— gureſ of Beaſtſ,Birdſ,and Fiſhieſ;the ſundry ſhapeſ of plantſ, WiCA 4 and the faſhionſ of Hearbeſ, &c. i a EBi)\ Iwrotemoreover, vato you ſeuerally, a certaine abridge— f=) >DC| ment of dogſ, which in your diſcourſe vppon the forineſ of 19 2 2VA) Beaſtſ in the ſecondorder of mildeand tamable beaſtſywher > B\ you makemention of Scotiſh Dogſ, and in the winding vp — 2 of your letter written and directedtoDodtour TH/ZEX, com— prehending a Caralogueor reherſall _of your bookſ not yet extant, yol promiſed to ſet forch in print; and openly to publiſh in the face of the world among ſuch your workeſ aſ arenot yet comeabroad to lightand {i ght.But,bccauſe certain circumſtanceſ were wan. ting in my breuiary ofEnglith dogſ (aſſeemed vnto me) I ſtaied the publication of the ſame, making promiſeto fend another abroad , which might be committed to thehandſ, the eieſ ,theeareſ, the mindſ, and the indgementſ of the Readerſ. | WhereforethatImighrperforme thavpreciſely, which I promiſed ſolemnly, accom— 26 pliſh my determination, and ſatiſfte your expectation : which are a man deſirouſand ca— pable of all kind ofknowledg.and very earneſtro beacquaintedwith alexperimentſ : I wil expreſſeand deckrein due order, the grandand generallkind of Engliſh dogſ, the diffe— rence of them, thevſe, thepropertieſ, and the dinerſ natureſ of the ſame, making a tri— partite diviſion in thiſ ſort and manner. AllEngliſh doggeſ be either of a gentle kind ſer— uingthegame,; a homelykindapt forſundry neceſſary vieſ, or a cutriſh kind, meete for many toleſ. Oftheſe threeſortſor kindeſ ſo meane Ito intreate, thatthe firſtin thefirſt place, the Taſt in the laſtroome, and the middle fortin the middle ſeate be handled. I callthem vni— uerſally allby the name of Engliſh dogſ, aſ welbecauſe England only, aſ ithath in itEn— 39 gliſh doggeſ,ſo itiſ not with the Scottiſh, aſ alſo forth hat wee are more inclined and de— lighted with the noblegame of hunting,ſor weEngliſhmenare adicted and ginento that exerciſe and painefull paſtime of pleaſure,aſ wellfor the plenty of fieſh which our parkſ and Eorreſtſ do foſter, aſ alſo for the opportunity and conuenientleiſure which weeob— raine, both which, the Scotſ want. V herefore ſeeing that the whole eſtate of kindly hun— ting conſiſteth principaly in theſe two pointſ, in chaſing the beaſt that iſ in hunting,or in taking the bird that iſ in fowling. It iſ neceſſary and requiſite to vnderſtand thatthereare twoſortſ of dogſ by whoſe meaneſ, the feateſ within ſpecified are wrogle, and theſe pra— Giſeſ of aGiuity cunningly and curionſly compaſſed, by two kindeſ of Dogſ, one which rouzeth the beaſt & continueth the chaſe, another whichſpringeth the bird, and bewrai— AP eth the flight by purſute Both whichkindſ aretermed of the Latineſ by one common name, that iſ, Careſ Vewatici, hunting dogſ.. But becauſewe Engliſhmen make a diffe— rence betweene hunting and fowling, for they are called by theſe ſeuerall wordſ Vepatiſ, & Aucupium Lothey term the dogſ who they vſe in theſe ſundry gameſ by diverſ nameſ, aſ thoſe which ſeruefor the beaſt, are called Vezazici, the other which are vſed for the fow! are called Aucuputori/. . The firſtkind called/enatici I denide into fiue ſortſ, the firſt in perfeX ſmelling,theſe— condinguicke ſpying, the third in ſwiftneſ and quickneſ, the fourthin ſmelling an:i nim— bleneſ, the fift inſubtility.and de ceitfulaeſ,heerein theſe fiue ſortſ excelleth. + iſ of Of Doggeſ. — Ofthe Dogge called a Harier, in Latine Lenerarinſ. @\ Hatkindeof Dogge whome nature hath indued with the vercue of ſmel— P mSw '9 in hunting,and drawech into hiſ noſtrelleſ the aire or ſent of the beaſt pur— ! ſued andfollowed, we call by thiſ word Sagux, the Grecianſ by thiſ woorde auy Ichnenten of tracing or chaſing by the foote, or Rimelaten, of the noſtrellſ, *"* which be the inſtrumentſ of ſmeiling. We may knowe theſe kinde of Dogſ by theirlong,, large and bagging lipſ, by their hanging eareſ, reaching downe both ſideſ of theit chapſ, and by the indiffereat and meaſurable proportion of their making. Thiſſortof Doggeſ we call Lewerarioſ Hatierſ, that I may compriſe the whole number of them in certain ſpe— cialitieſ, and apply to them their proper and peculier nameſ, forſomuch aſ they cannor allbereduced and brought vnder one fort, conſidering both the ſundry vſeſ efthem and thedifference of their ſeruice whereto they be appointed. Some forthe Hare, the Foxe, the Wolfe ,the Hart,the Bucke,the Badger, the Otter, the Polcat, the Lobſter, the Wea— ſell, the Conny. &c. Some for one thing and ſome for another. Aſ forthe Conny,whome we haue laſtly fet downe, we vſe not to hunt, butrather to 29 take it, ſometime with the netre,ſometime with a Ferret, and thuſ euery ſenerall ſorte iſ notable and excellent in hiſ naturall quality and appointed practiſe. Among theſe ſundry ſforteſ, there be ſome which are apt to hunttwodmerſ beaſteſ, aſ the Foxe otherwhileſ," and other whileſ the Hare, but they huntnot withſuch towardneſſeand good lucke after thent, aſ they doe that whereunto nature hathformed and framed them, not onely in ex— ternalcompofitionand making, but alſo in inward facultieſ & conditionſ, for they ſwaru oftentimeſ,and do otherwiſe then they ſhould. Of the Dogge called a Terrar, in Latine Teyzariuſ. Notherſorte there iſ which hunteththe Foxeand the Badger or Gray onely, whome we call Terrarſ, becauſe they (after the maner and cuſtom offeerretſ inſearching for Connieſ) creep into the ground, and by that meaneſ make afraide, nippe, and bite the Foxe and the Badger in ſuch $)| | fort, that either they teare them in peeceſ with their teeth being in the ' boſome of the earth,or elſe haile andpullthem perforce out of their lur— king angleſ, darke dungeonſ, and cloſe caueſ, or at the leaſt through conceiued feare, drivethem out of their hollowe harboutrſ, in ſo much that they are compelled to prepare . Apeedy flight, and beingdeſirouſ of the next ( albeit not the ſafeſt) refuge, are otherwile 4" taken and intrapped with ſnareſ and netſ laide ouer holeſ to the ſame purpoſe. But theſe betheleaſt in thatkind called Saguceſ. ? Ofthe Dogge called a Blondbound, in Latine Sapguinarinſ. » He greater ſorte which ſerne to hunt, hauing lipſ of alarge ſize, and eareſ (| of noſmalllength, doe not onely chaſe the beaſt whileſ it liveth, (aſ the o— ther do of whom mention aboue iſ made)but being dead alſo by any man— callBitcheſ be— longingto the hunting kindof Dogſ, by the tearme aboue mentioned. To be ſhort it ſ proper 0 wo Of Doggeſ. proper to thenature of houndeſ, ſome to keepe filence in hunting vntill ſuch timeaſ there iſ game offered. Other ſome ſo ſoone aſ they ſinel! out the place where the beaſt Iurketh; to bewray it immediately bry,rhcir importunate barking, notwithſtanding it be far & many furlongſ of,cowching cloſe in hiſ cabbin. And theſe Dogſ the younger they be, themore wantonly barke they , and the moreliberally, yet, oftentimeſ without neceſſity,, ſo that in them, by reaſon of their young yeareſ and want of pradiſe, ſmallcertainty iſ . toberepoſed. For continuance of time, and experience in game, miniſtreth to theſe houndſ, not onely cunning in running, but alſo (aſ in the reſty an aſſured ſorcſight what iſ to be done, principally ,beingacquainted withtheir maiſterſ watchwordſ, either in re— ro noking or imboldening them to ſeruethe game. \ 20 Of the Doggeſ called the Gaſchound, in Latine Aga/enſ. SqC 0 3] Hiſ kinde of Dog which purſueth by the eye, prevaileth litle, or neuer a wint, ſiſi;ſing@; by any benefite of the noſe,that iſ by ſmelling,but excelleth in perſpicuity and P;\ſiflſi on thiſ ſide the Seaſ for their careleſneſ of lifeſerting allat cinque and fice are of a contraty indgement. Fortheeueſrogue vp and downe in euery corner, no place iſ free from them, no not the princeſ pallace, nor the countrey m2nS cotage. In the day time they practiſe pilfering, picking, openrobbing, and priny ſtealing.and what legerdemaine lackthey >not fearing the ſhame!ull and horrible death of banging. The cauſe of whichinconuenience doth not onely iſſue from nipping needand wrin— ing want , for all that ſtealeare not pinched with pouerty, ſome ſtealeto maintain their exceſſine and prodigall expenceſ in apparrel, their lewdneſ oflife, their hautineſ of hart, 2ſ their wantonneſ of mannerſ, their wilfull ydleneſ, their ambitiouſ bravuery, and thepride ofthe ſawoey Salaconeſ me galorrounton, vaine gloriouſ and arrogant in behaniour, whoſe delight dependeth wholy to mount nimbly on horſſe—backe, to make them leape luſtilie, ſpring and prance, gallop and amble, to run a race, to wind in compaſſe,andſo foorth, li— uing altogither vpon the fateſ of the ſpoile.Ocherſome there be which ſteale, being ther— to prouokcd by penury and need, like maſterleſ men applying themſelueſ to no honeſt trade; butranging vp and downe, impudently begging and complaining of bodily weak— neſſe where iſ no want ofability. But valiant Valentine the Emperor,by holſom laweſ pro— vided that ſuchaſ hauing no corporall lickeneſ , ſoldthemſelueſ to begging , pleaded po— uerty with pretended infirmity, and cloaked their ydle and ſlothfull life with colourable 30 ſhiſiſand cloudy cozening, ſhould be a perpetuall ſlaue and drndgeto him, by whome their impudent idleneſ waſ bewrayed, and laidagainſtthem in publick place, leaſt the in— ſufferable ſlonthfulneſ of ſuch vagabondſ ſhould be burthenouſto the people, or being ſo hatefull and odiouſ,ſhould grow into an example. W}:Z S}fr\}ſſ](iſisliz;ſi]:;:fth(ſſ::m:(;% aſ a burning Beacon) foreſheweth hazzardeſ at hand ? What manner of beaſ% ſtro: & eF? What ſeruaunt to hiſ maiſter more louing ? What companiom moretruſty ? \?\%haſſt Watchman more vigilaunt ? What renenger more conſtaunt 3 Wh he more ſpeedic > Vyhat Water. bea i EEDEMINY Iet anllenige® — ater. bearer more painefull > Finally, what Packe—horſſe Of Doggeſ. v more patient? And thuſ much concerning Engliſh dogſ, firſtofthe gentlekind,ſecond— ly of the courſer kind. Now it remaineth that we deliuer vato youthe dogſ of a mungrell or curriſh kind, and then will we performe our taſke. (t ohmimſing Curreſ of the mungrell and raſcall fort, and firſt of all the Dog called in Latine, Adpomiter, and of vſ in EngliſhWappe or Warner. EſuchDogſ aſ keepe not their kind, of ſuch aſ are mingled out of ſundry ſorteſ,'not imitating the conditionſ of ſome one certaine ſpice, becauſe they reſemble nonotable ſhape, nor exerciſe any &J worthy propertye of thetrue, perfec and gentlekinde, it iſ not @ neceſlary that I write any more of them, but to baniſh them aſ vn— y profitable implementſ, out of the boundſ of my booke, vnprofi— y table I ſay,for any vſe that iſ commendable, except to entertaine \_SPN ſhangcrs with barkinſi_g in Fhctc day time, giving warning to them of the honſe,that ſuch andſiuich benewly come, Wherupon we cal them admoniſhing dogſ, becauſe inthatpoint they performe their office. tÞ Of the Dog called Turneſpete in Latine , Veruner/ator. Here iſ comprehended, vuderthe Curreſ of the courſeſt kinde, a certaine dog in kitchen—ſeruice excellent.For when any meat iſ to be roaſted, they go into a wheel, which they turning round about with the waight of their bodieſ,ſo dilligently looke to their buſineſſe, that no drudgenor ſcullion.can do thefeate more cunningly, Whom the popularſort hereupon call Turneſpetſ, being the laſt of all thoſe which wee haue firſt * mentioned. 39 Of the Dogge called the dauncer, in Latine Saliator or Tympaniſta. i Herebealſo dogſamong vſ of a mungrel kind, which are taught and excerciſed to Tdaunce in meaſure at the muſicall ſound of an inſtrument ,aſ at the inſt ſtroke of the, drumbe, at the ſweetaccent of the Citerne, and tuned ſtringeſ of the harmoniouſ Harp, ſhewing many pretty trickeſ by the geſture of their bodieſ. Aſ to ſtandbolt vp— right, to lie flat vpon the ground,to turn round aſ a ring holding their tailſ in theirteeth, tobegfor their meat, and ſundry ſuch propertieſ, which they learne of their vagabundi— callmaiſterſ, whoſcinſtrumentſ they are to gather gaine withall in Citty,country,town,: 42 andvillage. Aſ ſome which carry old Apeſ on their ſholderſ in colonred iacketſ to moue mento laughter for a littlelucre. 94 Of other Dogſ, a ſhort concluſion, wonderfully ingendred within., the coaſtſ of thiſ country. F theſe therebe three ſortſ. The firſt,bred of a bitch and a Wiolfe, called in Latine Lyciſtuſ. The ſecond of a Bitch and a Fox, in Latine Lace»g, The third of a Bearc andaBandog, Vreamm. t "—_ o . Ofthe firſt wehaue none naturally bred within the borderſ of England. The teaſon iſ for the wantof Wolueſ, without whome no ſuch dog can be ingendred. Againe, it iſ delivered.vato thee in thiſ diſcourſe, how and by what meaneſ, by whoſe be— nefit, and within what circuteoftime, thiſ country waſ clectely diſcharged of rauening . Woluſ, and none at alleft, no, not to the leaſt number ,or to the beginning of a number, whichiſan Ppari. _ * ® E fhow f | * D The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſ?ſ. Oftheſecondſortwearenotvtterly voideofſome, becauſethiſ our _Eng]ish ſoile iſ notfree from Foxeſ,(for indeedwearenotwithout a multit}ldc ofthem, 111ſ011111ph aſ di— uerſ keepe, foſter, andfeed them in their houſeſ among their houndſ and dogs ,either for ſome malady of mind, or forſomeſickneſ of body) which peraduenture theſauor ofthat ſubtill beaſt would either mitigate or expell. ! The thirde which iſ bred of a Beare & a Bandog we want not heere inEngland, (A ſtrange and wonderfull etfedt, that cruell enemieſ ſhould enter into theworke of copula— tion and bring forthſoſauage a curre.) 'Vndoubtedly it iſ cuen ſo aſ we haue reported, for thefiery heat of their fleſh, or rather the pricking thorne, or moſt ofall, .thſſc tickling Juſt of lechery , bearech ſuchſwing and ſway in them, that there iſ no contrarietie for the time,but of conſtraint they niuſt ioyne to engender. And why ſhould not thiſ be conſo— nant to truth;> why ſhould not theſe beaſtſ breed in thiſ land, aſ wellaſ in other forreine nationſ ? Foy we read that Tigreſ and Dogſ in Hireapia,that Lyonſ and dogſ in Arcadia, and that Welueſ and Dogſ in Fzrazcia, couple and procreate. Inmen and womeh alſo lightned with the Lantame, of reaſon (but viterly voide of vertue) that foohsþ, frapncke, and fleſhly action(yer naturally ſealed in vſ)worketh ſo effectualy , that many timeſ it doth reconcile enemiceſ, ſet foeſ at friendſhip, vnanimity, and attonement, aſ Adp7/@ mentio— neth.The /rzeane which iſ bred of a Beareand a dog, Iſ fier ce , iſ fell,, iſ ſtout and ſtrong, Andbiteth fore to fl ſh and bene. Hiſ furiouſ force indureth long In rage he will be rulid of none. That I may vſe the wordſ of the Poct G7atinſ. Thiſ dog exceedeth all other in cruellcon— ditionſ, hiſ leering and fleering lookeſ, hiſ ſterne and iauage viſſage, maketh him in ſight feareſull and terrible, he iſ violent in fighting, and whereſoeuer he et hiſ tenterhooke teeth, he taketh ſuch ſure andfaſthold,that a man may ſooner teare and rend him aſſun— der, then looſe him and ſeperate hiſ chapſ—Hepaſſethnor for the Wolfe, the Beare, the Lyon, nor the Bull, and may woorthelie (aſ I thinke)y bee companion with Alexanderſ Dog which came out of India. But of theſe, thuſ much, and thuſ farre may ſeemeſuffi— cient. &A ſtart to outlandiſh doggeſ in thiſ concluſion, not impertinent to i a the Authorſ purpoſe. Seand cuſtome hath entertained other dogſ of an outlandiſh kind, but a fewe and theſame being of a pretty bigneſ, I meane Iſland dogſ, curled and rough all oucr, whichby'reaſon'ofthelength of theit haire makeſhew neither of face nor of body. Andyert theſecurſ, forſooth, becauſethey areſo ſtrange are greatly ſet by,, eſteemed,ta— 20 30 kenyp,and many timeſ in the roome of the Spaniellgentleor comfoirter. Thenatureſ of 40 meniſ ſo mojtted, naierather married to noucliteſ without allreaſon, wit, in dgementor perſenerance, Exromen allotrian paroromen ſuggenciſ. Outiandiſh toyeſ we takewithdelight, Thangſ of our ownenationwe hane in deſpicht. Which fault remaineth not in vſ concerning Dogſ onely, but for artificerſ alſo. And why ? it iſ manifeſtthat we diſdaine and conteinne our owne workemen, be they nener ſo Skilfull, bethey nener ſo cunning., be they neuer ſo excellent. A beggerly beaſt brought out of barbarouſ borderſ, from the vttermoſt countrieſ Northward, &c, we ſtar e at , we gaze at, we muſe, we mervuaile at,like an Aſſe of Cwmamem, like Thaleſ with the brazed ſhankſ, like the man in the Moone. i+. The which default Fippocyateſ marked when he waſ aline, aſ euidently appeareth in the beginning of hiſ booke Pez/ agmew,ſo intituled and named : 6 And we in out worke intituled De Epherteya Britanica, to the peopleof England haue more plentifully expreſſed.In thiſ kind looke which iſ moſtblockiſh, and yetmoſt waſpiſh theſame iſ moſt eſteemed, and not among Cittizenſ onely and iolly Gentlemen, but a— n]Ol]g 50 Of Doggeſ. 179 among luſty Lordeſ alſo, and noblemen. Eurther Iam notto wade in the foordeofthiſ diſcourſe, becauſeit waſ my purpoſe to ſatiſfie your expectation with a ſhort treatiſe (moſtlearned Coprade) not weariſome for me to write, nor tediouſ for youto peruſe. A— mongother thingſ which you haue receined at my handſheretofore, Iremember that I wrote a ſecuerall deſcription of the Geew//ian dog, becauſe thereare but a few ofthem, and therefore very ſildomeſeene .Aſtouching dogſ of other kindſ you your ſelfe haue taken earneſtpaine in writing of them bothlinely, learnedly , and largely. But becauſewe hane drawne thiſ libell moreatlength then theformer which T ſent you (and yer breefer then the nature of the thing might wellbeare) regarding your moſtearneſt and neceſſary ſtu— 10 dieſ—I will conclude making a rehearſall notwithſtanding (for memorieſ ſake) of certaine ſpecialtieſ contained in the whole body of thiſ my breviaty. And becauſe you participate principall pleaſure in the knowledge ofthe common and vſuall nameſ of Dogſ (aſ I ga— ther by the courſe of your letterſ)I ſuppoſe it not amiſſe to deliner vnto you a ſhort table containing aſ wellthe Latine aſ the Engliſh nameſ ,and to render a reaſon of enery par— ticular appellation ,to the intent that no ſcruplemay remaine in thiſpoint, but that eue— ry thing may beſifted to the bare bottome. A Supplement or Addition, containing a demonſtration of Dogſ nameſ how they had their Origi— nall. f a He nameſ contained in the generalltable, forſomuch aſthey ſignifie no— thing to you being a ſtranger, and ignorant of the Engliſh toong,except they be enterpreted: aſ we hanue given a reaſon before ofthe Latin wordſ, ſomeaneweto dono leſſe of the Engliſh, that enery thing: may be mani— feſtvato your vnderſtanding.Wherein I intend to obſeruetheſame order which Thavie followed before. atinierſ irbida N Agax,\in Engliſh Hwzd, iſ derined of our Engliſh word hunt. One letterchangedin another , namely T, into D,aſ Hunt, Hund, whom if you coniecture to beſo named of your country word Hund, which ſignifieth the generall name (Dogge) becauſe of the ſimilitude and likeneſ of the wordſ ILwillnot ſtand in contradiction (friend Ge/rer)fot ſomuch aſ we retaine among vſ at thiſ day manie Dutch wordſ which the Saxonſileſtar fuchtime aſ they enioyed thiſ countrie of Britaine.: Thuſ muchalſo vnoderſtand, thataſ in your language Hund iſ the common word , ſo in our naturall tongue (Dagge, iſ the y= niverſall; but Hund iſperticuler and a ſpeciall,for itſignifyethſuch a dog onely aſ ſerueth tohunt, and therefore it iſ called a Hund, i | Of the Gaſchound» moint womf "The Gaſchound called in latine Aga/e, hath hiſ name of the ſharpeneſ! and ſtedfaſtſ 49 neſ ofhiſ cie—ſight.By which vertue hee compaſſeth thatrwhich otherwiſehe cannotby ſmelling attaine: Aſ we haue made former relation, for to'gaſe iſ earneſtly to view &beſ hold; from whence floweth the deriuation of thiſ Dogſ name. !: } 0 o ; anſ Of the Grey—hound. |>> \ wrmſdſ Sfinloud cgrl The Grey—hound called Zepora7z0m%, hatyhiſ name of thiſ wor d Gre; which wordſoun® dethyGradeſ in latine, in Engliſh Degree.Becauſe among/aldogſ theſeatethemoſtpriti: cipall, hauying the chiefeſt place, and being ſimplie and abſolutclic the Beſt—of the gentlſ kind of houndſ. Slhan orfaiorfivi ſiſ (@3bimorlar Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer. ſyhiakAuo eit d ©Thiſ dogiſcalled a Leauyrer; for hiſ lightneſ, whichimlatineſoundethoGew/tſſ.. Ot a 59 Lyemmer which word iſ borrowed of Lyemme, which theLatinniſtſ name ZLormm: and — wherefore wee callhim a Leviner of thiſ worde Leg/t@ſ': (aſ we doe maniethingſ beſideſ why we deriue and drawathouſand of our tearmeſ, out of the Greeke, the Latine,the Itaſ hanythe Dutch,;theFrench;and the Spaniſh tongue ; (Out of which fountaineſ indeede, theyhadthcir Originaliſſue,yHow many.wordſare buried in the graue offorgertfulneſſe? 2 © grownge Fhe Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. growneout of vſe? wreſtedawry ?and peruerſly corrupted by diverſ defaultſ ? wewill declareat large in our booke intituled, Sppphonia vecum Britannicarut@— Of the Tumbler. : Among boundſ the Tumbler called in Latine/errageſ, which commeth of thiſ word Tumbler, flowing firſtfrom the Freachfountaine. For aſ we ſay Tumble, ſo they Typz. brer, reſeruing ourſence and ſignification, which the Latinniſtſ com prehend vnder thiſ word Verzere.So that we ſee thuſ much, that Tumbler commeth of Twpzbier, the yowell, I, changed into the Zigquid,L,after the maner of our ſpeech. Contrary to the French & the Italian tongue.In which two languageſ.A Ziyuidbcfore a vawell for the moſt part iſ turned into another Vawell.Aſ, may be perceined in the example oftheſetwo wordſ IJ»— plere & plano, for Impiere c panio, L, before, F., changed into I; and L, before A, turned into I,alſo. Thiſ I thought conuenient for a taſt, _ After ſuch aſ ſerue for hunting , orderly do follow ſuchaſ ſerue for hawking and fow— ling, Among which the principall and cheefeſt 1ſ the Spanicell, called in Latine Z;/panio— luſ,borrowing hiſ nameof. Hiſpania, wherein we Engliſhmen not pronouncing the A. ſpiration H, nor the vaowell Z, for quickneſ and readineſic ofſpeech ſay roundly a Spag— nell. a Ofthe Setter. The ſecond ſort iſ called a Setter, in Latine /wdex.Of the word(Ser) whichſignifieth in Engliſh that which the Latiniſtſ meane by thiſ word Locy»» deſignare, the reaſon iſ reher— ſedbeforemore largely, it ſhallnot therefore need to make anew repetition. tan Of the water Spaniell or Finder. He water Spaniellconfequentlyfolloweth, called in Latine Ag@atireſ, in Englith vawater Spagnell, which name iſ compound of two ſimple wordſ, namely Water, which in Latine ſoundeth Agm4, wherein he ſwimmeth. And Spazne, Hiſpaxia, the Couniry from whence they came, not that England wanteth ſuch kind of Dogſ,(forthey arenaanally bred and ingendredin thiſ countty; Jbut becauſe they bear the generalanid conimonname of theſe Dogſfincethetimethey werefirſtbrought ouer out of Spaine. Andwemakeacerrainedifference in thiſ fort of dogſ; either forſomthing which in theit qualitieſiſtobe:conſidered aſ.foran example in thiſ kind called the Spanielby the appo. ſicionarid piittmgto ofthiſ word water, whiclitwo conpledtogether ſound water Spani— ell.Heiſ called a finderyin Latine Zngu///tar, becauſe thatby ſeriouſ and— ſecure ſeeking, hefindethſuchthingſ aſ beloſt, which word Find in Engliſh iſ that which the latinſ mean by thiſ verbe Zyrexire. Thiſ dog haththiſ name of hiſ property, becauſe the principall point ofhiſ ſeruice conſiſteth in the premiſſeſ. __ Now leauing the ſurueiwe of hunting andhawking dogſ, it remaineth that we run otterithe teſidue, whercofſome be called, fine dogſ, ſomecourſe, otherſomie murgrelſ orRaſcalſ. Thefirſtiſ the Spanicellgeritle called Cant Melitienſ , becauſe it iſ a kindof .dog acdceptedamong Gentilſ, Nobleſ, Lordſ, Ladieſ, &c. whomakemuch of them vouclz ſafing to admit them ſo farreinto their conmipany that they will not onelie—Jul them in their lapſ, but kifi} themwith their lipſ, and miakethemtheir pretty play—felloweſ. Such a one waſGorgonſ little puppy mentioned by Thede7:215 in Sirace/ſſſ, who takin g biſ iournigy ſtraightlychargedand.coniniayndedhiſmaid to ſeerv hiſ dog aſ charily and warely aſ to hiſchilde: Tolcall hinrin alwaie'ſ that he wandred notabroad , aſ wellaſ torock chcy babe» aflecpe, crying in the cradle. — Thiſ puppitly and pleaſant Currey (whichſomefrunipingly tearme fyſting houndeſ) ſeriie in amanedtono.gooduſe, exceptſaſ we hinemadeformer relation)to ſuceor and Strengthen quailing and quamming ſtomackeſ; to bewray bawdery , and filthy abhominaZ blc'ſilcixdncs 'Ovhichraditde Dog of chiſkindedid in Stciltayaſ Aclianuſ inchiſ 7 cbookeof bcaſt(;,ſ z:.jnd 27 chapter recordeth: 0 1577—: t | a a _2Of dogſ vnder the courſerkind, we willdeale firſtwiththe Shepherdſ: ; whome wecalltheBandog;the Tydog, ortheMalſtive,; thefirſtname iſ im};mccdds ccl? }(])lgſl,l ?d lſil-.T:: vice; IQ 20 30 49 50 Of Doggeſ. 181 vice Quoniam paſtorifamulater, becauſche iſ at the Shepheardſ hiſ maiſterſ commande.— ment. The ſecond a Zag2mento of the band or chaine wherewith hee iſ tied, The thirde a Sagina,of the fatneſ of hiſ body. . ſſ f For thiſ kind of Dog which iſ vſually tyed,iſ mighty, groſſe, and fatſed. I know thiſ that Aunguſtinuſ Niphuſ, calleth thiſ Maſtinuſ (which we call Maſkinuſy and that Alberzuſ wri— teth howe the Zyc//emſ iſ ingendred by a Beare and a Woolfe. Notwithſtanding the ſelfe ſame author takech it for themoſt parte pro Molaſ/a. A Dog of ſuch a country. — Of Mungrelſ and Raſcalſ ſomewhat iſ to be ſpoken :and among theſe, of the Wappe orTurneſpet, which name iſ made of two ſimple wordeſ, that iſ, of Turne, which in latine y zo ſoundeth Vezzere, and of ſpete which iſ /erw, or ſpede, for the Engliſh word inclineth clo— ſer to the Italian imitation : Vermwer/azor, Turneſpit. Heiſ called alſo Waupe,of the na— turallnoiſe of hiſ voice Wau, which he maketh in barking. But for the better and readi— erſound, the vowell u, iſ changed into the conſonant P, ſothatfor waupe we ſay wappe. And yet I wor wellthat Mowiuſ borroweth hiſ Babarz of the naturall voice Bau, aſ the Grzecianſ doe their Bantein of wau. Now when you vnderſtand thiſ,that Saltare in latine ſignifieth Daxſ/are in Engliſh. And that our Doggethereupon iſ called a Daunſer, and in thf: latine Salfazer, youare _ſo farre taughtaſ youwere deſirouſ tolearne: and now! ſuppoſe, thereremainethnothing, but that your requeſt iſ fully acompliſhed. 20 . Huſ (Friend Geſwer) you haue, not onely the kindeſ of our countrey Doggeſ, but their nameſ alſo, aſ well in Latine aſ inEngliſh,cheir Officeſ »Serviceſ,Diuerſitieſ, Natureſ, and Properticſ,that you can demaundno more of me in thiſ matter. And albeit Lhaue not ſatiſfied your mind peraduenture (who ſuſpeGeſtal ſpeed in the perfor— mance of your requeſt imploied, to be meere delaieſ) becauſe J ſtaid the ſetting forth of that voperfe pamphlet, which fiue yeareſ agoe Tſent to you aſ a privatefriend for your ownereading, and not to be printed and ſo madecommon, yet I hope (hauinglike the Bearelickt ouer my young)y Thaue waded onuer inthiſ worke to your contentation, which delay hath made ſomewhat better and Dewteraiphrontideſ ofter witmore meeteto be Be oed uſed. ! 3 0btouſ o $9 Now itiſ conuenient to ſhut vp thiſ treatiſe of Doggeſ, with a recitall of their ſeverall rſhctcif cdſi?rictZs.& diſeaſeſand cureſ there05 for aſ allother creatureſ, ſo that thiſ beaſt iſ annoyed with Bludwſ. many infirmitieſ.Firſt, therefore if you give vnto a dog euery ſeuenth day or twice in ſe— uen daieſ broathor pottage, wherein Iuy iſſod, it will preſernehimſound withoutany o— ther medicine, for thiſ hearbe hath the ſame operation in Dogſto make wholeſom their , ,. meat, that it hatk in ſheepe to clenſe their paſture.. . Theſmallrootſ of Ellebor which are Td?*ct;;ntls. like to Onionſ, haue power in themto purge the belly of Dogſ : Other give them goatſ— . milk, orſalt beatenſmall, or Sea_crabſ beaten ſinall and put into water, or Staneſ—acre,& imediatly after hiſ purgation, ſweetmilke.Ifyour dog be obſtrucedand ſtoppedinthe 14 — delly, which may bediſcerned by hiſ trembling,. ſighing, and remoouing fromplaceto Algiyr. * place,give vnto hitad Oatenmealand water to eat, mingled together and made aſ thick aſ a pultiſſe, or leauened oten—bread, and ſometime a little whay to.drinke: f Theancientſ haveobſeruedthat Dogſ are moſt annoyed withthree— diſeaſeſ;the ſwel ling of the throat, the gowt, and madneſ; but the Jater writerſ haue obſerued many noy= ſome infirmitieſ in them.Firſt, they are oftentimeſ wounded by the teethofeach other, andalſo ofwilde beaſtſ: for cure whereof, Blowdwuſ out of Maximmſwriteth theſe remedieſ following : Firſt, let the ſinneweſyZibreſ, or griſtleſ of the wound be layed rogither, then ſowvp the lipſ or vpper ſkin of the wound with a needle and thred, and cake of the haiteſ of the dog which made the woundand lay thereupoa, vntilthebleeding be' ſtanched, and ſoleaueitto the dogtobe licked ; fornature hathſo framed the Dogſ tongue, tharther—> byinſhortſpacehe cureth deepewoundſ. d And ifhe cannot touch theſore with hiſ toong,then dothhe wer hiſfoot in hiſ mouth, and ſo oftentimeſ putit vponthe maime: orifneither of theſe can be performed by the beaſthimſelfe, thea cure it by.caſting vpon it the aſheſ ofa dogſ heade, or butned ſalte, mingledwith liquid pitch powredthernpon When a dog returing fromhunting iſ huit R , 1 Albertuſ, about 23 — — 22 . " MOIEIICE 20333 35 182 Blonduſ. Plinyynſ. Tardinuſ. Albertuſſ Raſ{iſ Blondu:.... a \ Pleg, Diſcorideſ T he Hiſtorſ of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. aboutthe ſnowt, by the venemouſ tecth of ſome wildebeaſt, I havne ſeene it cured by ma— king inciſion aboutthewound, whereby the poyfoned blood iſ euacuated , and afterward the ſore waſ annointed with oile of Saint Iohnſ wort. Wood—wormſ cureth a dog bitten by ſerpentſ.When he iſ troubled withvicerſ or ripdeſ in hiſ Skin, pieceſ of Pot—ſheardeſ beaten to powder and mingled with vineger and Turpentine, withthe fatſi qf a Goofſe ;or elſe waterwort with new Lard, applyed to the ſore, eaſeth the ſame : and if it ſwel, anoint it with Batter. : For the drawing forth a thorne or ſplinter out of a Dogſ foote, take colteſ—foote and Lard, or the pouder thereof burned in a new earthen pot, and either oftheſe applyed to the foot,draweth forth the thorne and cureth the ſore: for by Div/ſcorideſ it iſ ſaid,to hane to force to extradtany point of a Speareout of the body of a man. Forthe wormeſ which breedeinthe vicerſ of their hecleſ, take/pgucntum Egiptineum, and the inice of peach leaueſ : Thereareſome very ſkilfull hunterſ which affirme , that if you hang about the Dogs'ncckc ſtickſ of Cittine, aſ the wood drieth,; ſo willthe wormeſ come fprrh and dy. Again for thiſ euil they waſh the woundſ with water , then rub it with pitch , time , and the dung of an Oxein Vineger ſ afterward theyapply vnto it the powderof Ellebor. When adog iſ troubledwiththemaungie, itch,or Ring—wormeſ, firſtlethim blood in hiſfore legſ in thegreateſtveyne, afterward make an ointment of Quick ſiluer, Brimſtome,net— tle—ſeed, and twice ſo mucholdeſewet or Butter, and therewithall ancint him, putting thereunto if you pleaſe decoGtion of Hopſ and ſalt water. 20 Some do waſh maungy Dogſin the Sea—water, and there iſ a caue in Sicily (ſaith Gra— tinſythat hath thiſ force againſt theſcabſ of Dogſ if they be brought thither, and ſetin the running water which ſcemethto beaſ thicke aſ oyle:Flegmeor melancholly dothof. ten engenider theſe euilſ, and ſoaſter one Dog iſ infeded, allthe reſidue that accompa— ny orlodge with him , are likewiſe poiſoned : for the auoyding thereof, you muſt give them Fumitory , Sorrel, and whay fod together, it iſ good alſo to waſh them in the ſea,or in Smithſ—water, orin the decoGionaforeſaid. 3 For the taking awaie of wartſ from the feer of Dogſ or \other memberſ, firſtrub and friccaſe the wart violently , and afterward anoint it with ſalr, Oyle; Vineger,; and the pow— der of the rind of a Gourd, or elſelay vnto it Alloeſ beaten with muſtard—ſeed, to eat itoff; 30 andafterward lay vnto itthe littleſcorieſ or iron chipſ, which flieoff from the Smitheſ hotte iron while he beaterh it, mingled with Vineger, andit ſhallperfectly remoouc them; ! AgainſtTikeſ, Lyce, and Fleaſ, annoint the Dogſ with bitter Almondſ, Staneſ—acre, > orRootſofMaple, or Ciperſ, or frothof Oile and if it be old; and annoint alſo their earſ with Salt—water, and bitter Almondeſ, then ſhall not the flieſ in the Summer time enter intothem.If Beeſ,or Waſpeſ, or ſuch Beaſtſ ſting a Dogge, lay totheſore burnedRue, withWater 5 and if a greater Fly, aſ the Hornet, letthe Waterbe warmed. A Dog ſhall be never infeGed withthe Plague if you put into hiſ mouth in thetime of any common peſtilence; thepowder of a Storkſ craw, or Ventrickle, orcany part thereof with Wiater: 40 which thing oughtto be regarded, (for no creature iſ ſo ſoone infected with the plague aſ iſ a Doggeanda Muleyandtherefore they muſteither at the beginning receine me— dicine, or elſe bee remooued out of the ayre, according to: the aduiſe of Grſ— Famſ: Sed vary—mituſ not in ommibuſ una poteſteſ, Diſceviceſ c& que tutela eſt proxima; tenta. Woolfe—wort, and Aparypon#, whoſcleaueſ arelike theleaueſ of Luye, and ſinellſtrongly; will kill all Beaſtſ whichare littered blind ; aſ Wolueſ, Eoxeſ, 'Beareſ,and Dogſ, if thcyſi' go. eat thereof : Solikewiſe willthe root of Chamelcon and Mexzereon, in water and oyle, itkil— leth Mice, Swine, and Dogſ|ZEWebor, and Squilla, and Faba Lupina, have the ſame opera— tion. There iſ a Gourd (called Z/2@/ber of the Water) becauſe the taſt thereof iſ like to Ginger, the Flowet, Fruite, and Leafe thereofkilleth Aſſeſ, Muleſ , Dogſ, and manico® ther Foure—footedbcaſteſ. The nutſ Porrge, are poiſon to Doggeſ, cxccidt their eare be , ſi cut Of Doggeſ. 183 cutpreſendly andmadeto bleed. It willcauſethem to leapeſtrangely vp and downe, and killhim within two houreſ after thetaſting, ifit be not prevented by the former remedy. Theopbraſtuſ Chryſippuſ afirmerh, that the water wherein Sperrage hath beene ſodde gi— uen to Doggeſ, killeth them : the fumme of Siluer! or Leade hath the ſame opperati— on. 4 f Ifa Dog growlean,and not through want of meat, itiſ goodto fill him twice or thrice withButter, and if that doenot recouer him, then it iſ a ſigne that theworme vnder hiſ Albortuſ tongue annoieth him, (which muſt be preſently pulled out by ſome Naule or Needle) & if tharſatiſfienor, hecannor linve,;but will in ſhorttime periſh.. And it iſ to be noted, that z0 Oaten bread leauened, will make aſluggiſh dog to becomeuſty, agile, and full of ſpiric. Blond Dogſ atealſo many:timeſ bewitched, by the onely ſight of inchaunterſ, evuen aſ infantſ, ©***** Lambeſ, andother creatureſ, according to Zizgilſ verſe 5 Neſcio quiſ teneroſ oculuſ mihi faſcinat agnoſ. 4 Yor the bewitching ſpirit enterethby the cie into the hart of the party bewitched : for re— medy whereof, they hang about the necke a chaine of Corrall, aſ for holy hearbſ I hold them vnprofitable. To cure the watry eyeſ of Dogſ, take warme water, and firſt waſh them therewith,and then make a plaiſter of meale and the white of an Egge, and ſo lay it thereunto. By rea— 2 @ ſon of that ſaying, Eccleſ. 2 0. cap: Bribeſ and giftſ blind the cieſ of Iudgeſ, enen aſ a duimbe Ornicomum, dog turneth away Corredtion. Some haue delinered, that greene Crow—footſ forced into themouthofa Dog, makethhim dumbe andnot ableto barke. When a Dogbecommeth deafe, the oile of Roſeſ with new preſſed wine infuſed into hiſ eareſ, cureth him :and for the wormeſ in the eareſ, make a plaiſter of a beaten ſpunge andthe whiteof an Egge,and Tardinmw, that ſhall cure it. Thethirdkind of Quinancy (called Spypazche)ykilleth Dogſ, becauſe it bloweth vppe their.chapſ, and includech their breath. The cough iſ very noiſome to Dogſ, wherefore their keeperſ muſt infuſe into their Noſtrilſ two cuppeſ of wine, withbruſedſweete Al— mondſ: biit T#d/npſfor thiſ diſeaſe, preſcribeth great parceley ſod with Oyle, Honey, 30 and Wine, and ſo given to the Dog.For theſhortneſ of the breath, bore him thorough 3»;,,,, the eare, and ifthere be any helpe that will preuaile. » { If a bone ſticke in the mouth ofa Dog, holdvppe hiſ head backward, and powre Ale into hiſ mouth vntill he cough , and ſo ſhall hebe caſed.Wher a Dog hath ſurferted, and falleth to Joth hiſ meat, he eateth the hearbe Capazria and iſ relecued(bothagainſthiſ ſur— fetand alſo the bitingſ of Serpentſ.yFor the wormeſ in the belly, he eateth wheate in the ſtalke.The gowt maketh the Dogſ legſ grow crooked, andit iſ never ſo cured, butthat af— tera courſe or two they growlameagaine. Whenhiſ ſkin flyeth from hiſ naileſ, take meale & water & bind them therunto for a remedie; and theſe are for the moſt part, thoſe diſeaſeſ wherewithall dogſ are infected, and the otherare either cured by heat, or by ea— — ting of graſſe : and ſo for thiſ part, I conclude both the ſickneſ and cure of dogſ, with the ſaying of Gratinſ : Mille tement peſteſ curaquepotentiamaior . — Concerning the madneſ of dogſ, and their venemouſ bitingſ, weare now to ſpeake : and t tbebiie firſtofal, no reaſonable man ought to doubt,why the teeth of a mad dog ſhould do more and their 8 harme then of a ſound and healthy one ; becauſe in rageand anger, theteethofenery curſ— beaſtandcreature, receine venome and poiſon from the head (aſ it iſ well obſerued by ©Agineta)and oat that time faſtning their teeth,they do more harm then atother timeſ. Againſt the ſimple biting of a dog, it iſ ſufficient to vſebut the vrine of a dog,for there iſ notmuch venome in thoſe woundſ, and the vrine alſo wil draw out theprickieſ of a hedg— o ROg, becauſe ſuch woundſ haue in them butlittle poy{ſon. Alſo (aſ Actinſ preſcribeth) it iſvery Soueraignc inſuch woundſ: firſtof all to coucer and rub the ſore withthe palme ofoneſ hand, and then powreinto it Vineger and Nitre, ſo aſ it may diſcend 'to the bot— tome of the wound, and afterward lay vnto it a new ſpunge wetted in the ſame Vineger & mnitre,andlet it be ſo continued for the ſ; pace of three daieſ, and by the working thereof itſhalbe whole. R 2 Alſo Pollux. Niphuſ, . the wound with pouder of Anniſſe—ſeed,or Cumin; The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. , Alſoit iſ generally to be obſeruedin all the bitingſ of men by Dogſ, that frſtof allit iſ requiſite, that the wourtd be wellrubbedoucr by the palmeofthehband witch Vineger, then poureinto the woundſ, vineger mixed with water or withz/ze,laying alſo a ſpurige thereupon,and fo bind it vpon the place, hauing firſt wetted! the—cloatheſ wherewithall you bind it with the ſaid vineger mixed, {o let it remaine bound vp three daieſ together, Indafterward followthe common courſe of curing;/aſin enely vulgarwoundeſ,or elſe, lay thereunto pellitory of' the wall, mingled and beaten with ſalt, changing iteucry.day, vatill the cruſt or vpper Skin thereoffallaway: 45 v **, Itiſalſo good ſometimeſ theholeſbeing ſimall, to wer Lintin vincgcr,gnd'to_pu;gc laying the Lintypon thc Anniſle for . . two or three daieſ. Theſame being thuſ purged, take a medicineofthe equallparteſ of Hony, Turpentine, Butter, Gooſe—greace, Marrowofa Hartyor Calfe, meltecdbetwixt the teeth of a man, and lay itthereunto, for it alſo cureththe bitingeſ of mer : but ifthe ſore be inflamed, then lay vato it; Lentilſ ſod withthe paringſ ofappleſ and dried,or the crummeſ ofbredwith the inyceof beeteſ, andaliule oyle of Roſeſ; made like a plai— ſter. I Iſ ageart > Diverſ Authorſ hauealſo preſeribed theſe ontward medicineſ againſtthe biringeſ of Dogſingenerall, namely Vineger ſpunged; theleeſ ofVineger; with Nigela Romanſ, Venuſ haire, Alablaſter, Brine with Lint, Garlicke mixed withhony andtraken into the bo— C) & : dy, Leeſ of Wine, Almondſ bothſweet and bitter mingled with Hony , dried Annifſe— 26 ® fore it receiut predominant operation, becauſethe firſt ouercommeth nature by trea— Alathaoluſ, AHiſtory of the death of Balduſ. fran, AMichalEphe 29 ſtch tecth (aſ Affeſ and Muleſ, fall not madde at any time vntill they be' bittenby ſeedſ burned, the leaueſ of blacke Hore—hound or Archangellbeaten with ſalt;y—ſcallionſ with Hony and Pepper ofthe caſe, the inyce of Onionſ with Rue and Hony, (or raw O— nionſ with Hony and Vineger,butſod oneſ wichhony S& wine.{if they begreen)letthem lic to the wound three dayeſ : theaſheſ of Vine—treeſ with oyle, aſheſ of a figtree with a ſeare—cloath, beſide infinite other elaborate medicineſ,drawne from Treeſ, Eruitſ,fieldſ, Gardenſ, and allother creatureſ aſ ifnature had onely ſtronen to provide ſundry ready cureſ for thiſ euill aboucall other. ; whob &» Leauingthereforetheſimplebitingſ of Dogſ,let vſ proceed to the madneſſe ofDogſ and their biringſ , wherein the greater danger muſtbe conſidered, with greater } circum— ſpection of remedieſ. Firſt therfore, theancientſ hane derined Rabjey, of Rawiewſ, mad— neſſle,ofthe hoarſneſ ofvoice,(becauſe a Dog atthattime hathno perfedG voice.)But it iſ more probable, that Rabieſ commeth of Rapiendo, becauſe when a Dog beginneth to be oppreſſed heerewith, he biteth, ſnarcheth, runnethtoo and iſ fro, and iſ carryed from home and Maiſter, to hiſ owne perdition : thiſ by the Greecianſ iſ called Z4z%4,and Cynoloſſaeſ. By thiſ cuill, not onely Dogſ periſh, but allother ctreatureſ (except a Gooſeybitten by them:and a man doth not eſcapewithout grearperill. For Albertuſ relateth a ſtory,of a man whoſe arme waſ bitten by a mad Dog, andaftertwelue yeareſ the ſorebrake forth a— gaine, and he died withintwo dayeſ ; andthe reaſon heerofwaſ (aſ in'all likelihood that of Celinſ y that when one and the ſame nature infecteth each other, aſ Dogſ do Dogſ , and 4Þ men domen, then by reaſon of theirſimilitudeand naturall ſympathy,, they receiue the conſuming poyſon with allſpeed : but if another nature infed& that, betwixt whom in in— clination and paſſion, there iſ a diſſimilitude & Antipathy (aſ iſ betwixt a dog and a man) then will the poiſon receiue greater oppoſition, and bee ſo much the longer be— ſon, againſt which there iſ no reſiſtaunce ; and theſccond by openforceand proclama— ;_ic;n of Wiarre , againſt which all the ſtrength and—force of nature iſ combined and oppo— ed. Heereofalſo it came to paſſe, that the Noble Lawyer B4/dv, playing with hiſ Dog at Trent, waſ bitten by him in hiſ lip, and negle&ing the matter(becauſe he never ſuſpeSed 5" the Dogſ madneſ)yafter foure monethſ the poiſon wrought vppon him, and he periſhed miſcrably. Thoſe Beaſteſ which haue teeth like ſaweſ, (aſ Doggeſ, Wolueſ, and Foxeſ ) goe madde by nature, without the bitingeſ of otherſ, but thoſe which haue other. | Alſo Of Doggeſ. 185 } Alſo it hath bene obſerued, thatſometimeſ a mad dog hath bitten,and there hath follo. wedno harme at all, whereofthiſ waſ the reaſon, becauſe poiſon iſ nox equally in all hiſ Aug.Nipluſ teeth; and therefore biting with the purer and wholſomer, the wound became not peril— louſ. A man bitten with a mad Dogge, falleth mad preſently when he commeth vnder the ſhadow of a Corn—tree ; aſ it iſ affirmed by moſt Philitianſ, for that ſhaddow ſerteth the "*"**'**@» oyſon on fire : but a man falling mad, ofallcreatureſ anoyderk a Dog, and a Dog moſt ofallfalleth vpon men. Thereare many thingſ which engender madneſ in Dogſ, aſ hot wheaten bread dipped in beane—water, melancholy bred within themand not purged by 10 Canaria or other Hearbeſ, the menſtruouſ pollutionſ of Womien, and the paine ofhiſ teeth.Their madnefſe iſ moſt dangerouſ in the Dog—daieſ, for then they both kiland pe— riſh mortally, for atthat time their ſpittle or fome, falling vppon manſ body, breedeth Pliny. %rczxt daunger ; and that if a man tread vpon the Vrine of a mad Dog, he ſhall feele paine Doz daieſ y ſ , — & + . > Dnenian y it if he haue a ſore about him : from whence it came to paſſe;that a ſtonebiiten by ſuch ſſ)?iſi;ſi\f: Ne, a Dog,waſ a common proucrbe of diſcord, Alſo it iſ obſerued, that if a wound be dreſ— ſedinthe preſence of man or woman, which hath beene bitten by a madde Dog, that the paine thereof wil be encreaſed: and which iſ more,that abortmentwiil follow vpon beaſtſ withyoung,or Egſ couered by the hen, by their preſence : But for temedy, they waſh Play. their handſ and ſprinckle themſelueſ, or the Beaſtſ with that water, whereby the euill iſ to 20 becured. Ifthe gall of a mad Dog, about the bigneſ of a Lentillſeed be eaten, itkilleth within ſe— — uen daieſ, or elſe— dothno harmeatall, if itpaſſe ſeven daieſ without operation. When a 3"""*— mad Dog hadſuddenlietorein peeceſ a garment about oneſ body, the traylor or Botcher tooke the ſame to mend, and forgct\ing himſelf, put on ſide of the breach into hiſ mouth to ſtretchit out to the other, & fell mad immediately. Men thuſ atlected, feare al waterſ, their virile member continually ſtandeth, they ſuffer many conuulſionſ, and oftentimeſ barke like dogſ. 5 There waſa certaine Maſon at Zricke, who had hiſ finger greeuouſly bitten witha maddeDog about Iuly , whereunto he layed Garlicke, Rue, and oile of Scorpionſ, and ſo 30 itſeemed tobe healed, wherefore he tookeno counſellof any Phiſitian. About Auguſt follewing, he waſ taken with afever,being firſtvery cold, then very hot, and ſo continu— edſweating for a day or two, and could not endure the cold aire. He thirſted much, yet when water or drinke waſ brought him, he waſ ſo afraid thereof that he could not drinke: hiſ ſweat waſ cold, and when he felt any colde ayre, hee cried out for feare it had bin wa— ter, thuſ he remained trembling, and offering to vomit at the ſight of water, many timeſ howling, and ſo periſhed after two daieſ ended. p When a Dog iſ mad it may be knowne by theſe ſigneſ, for he will neither eat nor drink, Signſ to kno he lookethawry and more ſadly then ordinary; hiſ body iſ leane, he caſtethfoorththicke ****"*E fleame out ofhiſ Noſtrilſ or mouth : He breatheth gaping ,and hiſ toong hangeth out of hiſ mouth.Hiſ eareſ iſ limberand weake, hiſ taile hangeth downeward: hiſ pace iſ hea— uy and ſluggiſh votil he run, and then it iſ more raſ h,intemperate and vncertaine. Some— timeſ rumoing, and preſently after ſtand ſtill againe : he iſ verie thirſty but yet abſtaineth from drinke, he barketh not, and knoweth no man, biting both ſtrangerſ and friendſ.Hiſ head hangeth downeward, he iſ fearefull and runneth into ſecret placeſ from hiſ whelpſ p;4;;;, orfelloweſ, who often barke at him and will not eat of bread vppon whichhiſ blood hath Poyzeyn:ſ. fallen.Hiſ cieſ grow very red , hee many timeſ dieth for feare of water : ſome diſcerne it by laying nutſ or Graineſ of corne to thebitten place, and afterward take them away and caſt them to Henſ or Pullen, who for hungerwill eate them, and if after the eating the a fowle line, the dog wil not be mad; but if it die, then for certaintie the dog willfall mad. . The whichpaſſionſ do allo agree with them that are bitten by him, and it iſ not to be for— gotten that the bitingſ of the female, bring more danger then the mialeſ. The bodieſ of them that are thuſ wounded grow very dry andare preſſed with inward burning feuerſ, if by muſicke and delightfullſportſ they bertor kept waking ſ many timeſ they die ſuddenly ,or elſ recouer for a ſmall time, and then fall into arelapſed malady. f Some gine thiſ to be the cauſe of their feare of Water, becauſe their body R— 3 growing The cure of The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. growing dry ſeemeth to forget all participation withhumidity, but Rufuſ afarmeth, thiſ commerh from melancholy, wherewithall theſe perſonſ are moſt commonly Rffiſſtctcd + which agreeth with an imagination they have,that they ſee Dogſ in thewater, and indeed it cannor bebut their owne countenance, which in theſe paſſionſ iſ very red, doth woon.— | dcxſifully affli@ them : both in the water, and in all looking glaſſeſ. © WWhena certaine Philoſopher (being bitten by a mad dog) enteredintoa ſſbath,ſiar_zd a ſtrong apparition of a Dog preſenteditſelfevato him therein, he ſtroue again ſt chiſ ima— gination with a ſinguler confident corage to the contrary,ſaying within himſelfe. Quid cani commune eſt curm balneo, what hatha Dog to do in a Bath? and ſo went in and ouercam hiſ diſeaſe : which thing had ſildome chanced, that a man hath recouered thiſ malady at— 15 ter hee fell into feare and trembling, except Endewnuſ and Themiſo, who obeying the re— queſtof a friend of hiſ, entered likewiſe into the Water, and after many tormentſ waſ re— couered. — ſ To conclude,ſome men in thiſ extremity ſuffer moſt fearefull dreameſ, profuſion of ſeed, hoarſneſ of voice, ſhortneſ of breath, retention of vrine, which alſo changethco— lout, being ſometimeſ blacke, ſometime like milke, ſometime thicke, ſometime thin aſ water, rumbling in the belly , by reaſon of crudity, redneſ of the whole body , diſtention of nerueſ, heauineſ of mind, lone of darkeneſ, and ſuch like. Yet doth not thiſ operation appeare preſently vpon the hurt, but ſometimeſ at nine dayeſ, ſometimeſ at forry daieſ, ſometimeſ at halfe a yeare, or a yeare, or ſeuen, or twelue yeare, aſ hathbeene already ,, ſaid. For the cure of theſeDoggeſ, and firſt of all for the preventing of madneſ, thereare mad Dogſ ey ſundry inuented obſeruationſ.Firſt, it iſ good to ſhut them vp,and makethem to faſtfor" ther for pre— uenting or re coucring, Pliny, Plugy, Albeytgſ one day, then purge them with Z/lebor , and being purged, nouriſn them with breade of barley—meale.Other takethem when they be young whelpeſ, and take out of their tongue a certaine little worme, which the Greecianſ call L7##4 5 after which time they nenuer grow mad or fall to vomitting, aſ Grazivſ noted in theſe verſeſ; Namgue ſubit nodiſ qua lingua renaſcibuſ heret Veruncilum dixere, mala atque inconditapeſtiſ » Iam teneriſ elementa mali,cauſaſque recidunt. 35 But immediatly itbeing taken forth, they rub the tongue with ſaltand oyle.Colymella tea— cheth that Shepheardſ of hiſ time, took their Dogſ taileſ, and pulled out a certainenerue orſinnew, which commeth from the Articleſ of the backe bone into their taileſ , whereby they not onely kept the taile from growing deformedandouerlong, but alſo conſtantly belecued, that their Dogſ could neuer afterwardfall madde : whereunto Pliny agreeth, calling ita caſtration or gelding of the taile, adding, that it muſt be done before the dog beforty daieſ old.Some againe ſay, that if a Dog taſt of a womauſ milke which ſhe giveth by the birth of a boy, he willneuer fall mad . Meweſ/an aſcribeththe cure heerof to Caſfe— reum dried and put into milke, but thiſ iſ to be vnderſtoode of them that are already mad, whoſe elegant verſeſ of the cauſe, beginning and cure of a mad dog,I hane thoght good 40 hceereto expreſſe. ſ Exhalat ſenterya ſiunſ ſeu noxiuſ aer Cauſamale, ſen cum geliduſ nen (ufficit humor. Torrida per venaſ concreſtcunt ſemina flamm . Whatſocuer it be he thuſ warranteth the cure. 'Tunc viroſa tibi /ixmcts,nzultumqut domabiſ Caſtorea adtritu (iliciſ lenteſcere cogeſ. Exebore huc trito puluiſ,lettoreferatur Admiſcenſg, din,facieſconcreſcere vtrangue Mox lactiſ liquadoſ {en{im [uperaddefluoreſ 5 Vt non cunitanteſ, hauſtoſ infundere cormn | Inſerto poſſiſ furiaſque repellere triſteſ. Armetia a 5 ing of Valentia, preſcribeth thiſ forme for the cure of thiſ cuill : let the Dog be putinto the Water, ſo aſ the hinderlegſ doe onely touch the ground, and hiſ forclegſ be tyed vp like handſ ouer hiſ head, and then being taken againe out ofthe wa— ter Of Doggeſ. r& 187 ter, let hiſ haire be ſnaued off,that he may be pieled vntill he bleede: then annoynt him withoyle of Beeteſ, and ifthiſ do not cure him within ſeuen daieſ,thenlet him be knocked on the head, or hanged out of the way. ; When a young male Dog ſuffereth madneſle, ſbut him vp with a Bitch; or ifa young Blonku. Bitch bealſo oppreſſed, ſhut her vp with a Dog, and the one of them will curethemadneſ ofthe other. i But the better part of thiſ labor,,iſ more needeful to be emploid about thecuring of men, or other creatureſ which are bitten by dogſ, then in curing or preventing that maturall in— firmity. Wherefore it iſ to be remembred, that all other poyſoned woundſ are cured 10 by inciſion and circumciſing of the fleſh, and by drawing plaiſterſ, which extrad& the ve— 1 . . _; nom out of the fieſh and comfort nature; and by cupping—glaſſeſ, or burning yronſ (aſ a mx or Seait Celinſ affrmeth) vpon occaſion of a miraculouſ fiction of the Temple doore key of S. bitten by a Bellinuſ, neere Rhodigium ; for it waſ belicued, that if a mad man could hold thatkey in maiPorge. hiſ handred whot, he ſhould be delinered from hiſ fitteſ for euer. There waſ ſuch another charme or incantantion among the Apyle/anſ, made in forme of a prayer againſtall bitingeſ of maddeDoggeſ, and other poyſonſ, vnto an obſcure Saint (called /izhaſ)y which waſ to be ſaide chree ſatterdaieſ in the evening, nyne timeſ together, which IT haue heere ſet downefor no other cauſe but to ſhewe theirextreame fOHy- A fooliſh 26 Alme vithe pellicane Oram quiteneſ Apulam. chattne antl . p — prayer to vi— Littuſquepolygnanicum Qui mor ſuſ rabidoſ lenaſ bhuſ. Irafque canum mitigaſ Tuſante rabiem aſper am RidEuſgque caniſ lurideſ Tuſeugm prohibe luem. Iprocul hinc rabieſ, procul hinc furor omniſ abeſto. Buttocom to the cure of ſuch aſ haue bin bitten by mad dogſ:Firſt I will ſet down ſome compound medicinſ to be outwardly aplyed to the body : ſecondly ſome ſimpleor vn— compounded medicineſ: Inthe third place ſuch compounded and vncompounded poti— onſ, aſ are to be taken inwardly agaiſt thiſ poyſon. fl3 Forthe outward compoundremedieſ, a plaiſter made of Opporax and pitch , iſ much 30 commended, which Merippuſ vſed, taking a pound of Pitch of Brwz/i@ſ, and foure ounceſ of Opponax (aſ Etiuſ and Actuarinſ doe preſcribe) adding withall, that the Opporax muſt be diſſolued in vineger, and afterward, the Pitchandthat vineger muſt beboyledtoge— ther, and when the vineger iſ conſumed, then put in the Opporax, and of both together makelike taynterſ or ſplintſ and thurſt them into the wound, ſo let them remaine many dayeſ together, and in the meane time drinke an antidot of ſea—crabſ and vineger, (for vi— — negeriſ alway pretiouſ in thiſ confection, ) Other vſe Ba/i/ica, Onyonſ, Rue, Salt, ruſte of Iron, white bread, ſeedeſ of horchound, and triacle: but the other plaiſter iſ moſt for— cible to beapplyed outwardly , aboue al medicineſ in the world. For the ſimple or vneompounded mkdicineſ to be taken againſt thiſ ſore, are many : — Aſ Gooſe—greaſe, Garlike, the roote of Wilde roſeſ drunke; bitter almondſ, leaueſ of chickweed, or pimpernell, the old ſkinne of a ſnake pounded with a male—{ea—crab, Beto— ny, Cabbage leaueſ, or ſtalkeſ, with perſnepſ and vineger, lime and ſewet, poulder of Sea—crabſ with Hony ; poulder of theſhelſ of Sea—crabſ, thehaireſ, of a Dog, layed vp— on the wound , the head of the Dog which did bite, mixed with a litcle Euphorbium ; the haire of a man with vineger , dung of Goateſ with Wine, Walnutſ with Hony and ſilte, poulder offigtree in a ſcarcloath, Fitcheſ in wine, Exphorbinm ; warme horſe—dung, raw beaneſ chewed in the mouth, figtree leaueſ, greene figſ wit 1 vineger, fennel ſtalkeſ,Gev— tiana, dung ofpullen, the Lyucer of a Buck—goate, young Swalloweſ burned to poulder, alſo their dung ; the vrine of a man, an Zy@27@ Skin, flewer—deluce with hony ,a Sea hearb 5"© called Xukille, Silphum withſalt,the fieſh and ſhelſ of ſ nayleſ,leckeſeedſ with ſalt, mintſ, the maile of a field—mouſe cnt off from her aliue andſhefuffered to line, rooteſ of Burreſ, with ſalt ofthe Sea plantine, thetongue of a Ramme with ſalt, the fleſh of al Sea—fiſheſ, the fat of a ſea—calfe and veruine, beſide many other ſuperſtitiouſ amnletſ which arevied to be bound to the Armeſ, neckeſ, and breſtſ, aſ the Caninetooth bound vp in a leafe andtyedto the Arme . A Worme bred in the dung of Doggeſ hanged about the ncdgz, y the Diſcorideſ 188 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. theroote of Gepziaw in an Hyen1eſ5kin,or young Wolfeſ ſkin, and ſuch likeſ whereot I know no reaſon beſide the opinion of men. | Theinward compound potionſ or remedieſ againſtthe bitingſ of Dogſ may beſuch aſ theſe. Take Sea—crabſ, and burne them with twigſ of white vineſ, and ſaue their atheſ, then put to them the poulder of Gepzian roote wellclenſed, and ſmall beaten, and aſ oft aſ neederequirethtake two ſpoonefulſ of the firſt, andone of the ſecond, and put them intoa Cup of pure and vamixed wine, and fo drinkit for foure daieſ together, being well beaten and ſtirred , ſo aſ the Wine be aſ thicke aſ a Cawdell 5and there iſ nothing more forciblethen Sea—crabſ, Miera, Diaſcincum, poulder of Walnutſ in warme raine Water, Triacke, Caſforenm,pilleſ, ſpurge—ſeede, and a decodion of adiam thorne with veruine gi— ' venin water. Theſe may ſerue tfor ſeuerall compound inward remedieſ againſttheſe poy— ſonſ, and nowfollow the ſimple. Firſt eating of garlike in our meate, drinking of wormwood, ramſ fleſh burned and put into wineand ſo drunk. There iſ an hearb called A/yſ/on,by reaſon of the power it hath a— gainſt thiſ cuill , which being bruiſed and drunke, cureth it. The linver of a Boaredried and drunk in wine,bath the ſame operation.leweſ lime drunk in water,leekſ & onionſ in meat, dogſ blood,the head,the vaine vnder the tongue (commonly ſuppoſed to be a worme,) and the liner of the dog which hath don the hurt, arealſo preſcribed for a remedy of thiſ < euill : but eſpecially the liner or rennet of a young puppy, the rinde of a Wilde figtree, a — dram of Caſforenm with oyle of roſeſ Centanry, or Chamaleon; the roote of a wild roſe (cal— The naturali medicineſ t Amaiſ Hippocrateſ Furnerinſ led Cymorrhodon and Cypoſbaton)yElleber ,the braine of a hen drunke in ſome liquor;,ſorrel, Hony, mintſ, and plantine : but Praypizella Germanica iſ ginen to allcattell whichare bit ten by a mad Dog. Beſideſ many otheeſuch like, which for breuity ſake ITomit, conclu— ding againſtall ſuperſtitiouſ curing by inchantmentſ or ſuppoſed miracleſ, ſuch aſ iſ in a certaine church of S. Lambert in a citty of Picardye, where the maſſe—priefteſ,when a man iſ broughtvntothem hauing thiſ cuill, they cut a croſſe in hiſforchead, and lay vpon the wound a piece of S. Lambertſ ſtole burning, (which theyſay (thoughfaleſely) iſ reſerued to thiſ day without diminution ) then do they ſow vp the woundagain,&lay another plai— ſter vpon it, preſcribing him a diet; which iſ to drink water,and to cat hard Egſ,but if the party amend not within forty daieſ, they binde him hand and foote in hiſbed, and laying another bed vpon him, there ſtrangle him (aſ they thinke without all ſinne) and for pre— uentingſ of much barmethat may come by hiſlifc, if hee ſhould bite another . Thiſ ſto— xy iſ related by A///@ſ ,and it iſ worth the noting, how murther accompanieth ſuperſliti— ouſ humarie inuentionſ,andthe vaine preſumptuouſ confidence of croſſe—worſhipperſ: . and thuſ much of the madneſſe of dogſ,and the cure thereof in men and beaſtſ. Inthe next place, the concluſion of thiſ tediouſ diſcourſe followeth, which iſ, the naturallmedicineſ ariſing out of the bodyeſ of dogſ, and ſo wee will tye them vp for thiſ time. Whereaſ the inward parteſ of men are troubled with many cuilſ, it iſ delivered for i=t © truth, that if little Ae//ze2» Dogſ, or young ſucking puppieſ,be layed to the breſt of a 40 child or man that hath infedionſ paſſionſ or painſ in hiſ entralſ,the paine wil departfrom the man into the beaſt ; for which cauſe they burned them when they were dead. Serenuſ doth expreſſe thiſ very elegantly ſayingſ; Quin etiam catulum lactenter apponere membriſ Contnenit, omne malum tran{currerefertur in illam. Cui tamen extind o munuſ debetur bumandi, Humanoſ quia contaPuſ mala tanta ſequntur, — Et innctuſ vitium ducit de coninge conmx . If a Whelpe be cutaſunder aliue, and layed vpon the head of a mad melancholike Wo— man, it ſhall help her, and it hath theſame power againſt theſp barren after ſhe hath borne children, let her eate young Whelp—fleſh, and Polypuſfiſhe ſod in Wine and drinke the broath, and ſhe ſhall haue eaſe of all infirmitieſ in her ſto— machand wombe. Wiater deſtilled out of Whelpeſ, cauſeth that picled or ſhatien placeſ ſhallneuer more hauchaire growvpon them. With the fat of whelpſ,bowelled and ſod til the fleſh come from the boneſ »,& then taken ſ — and leene. If a woman growe 59 Of Doggeſ. . 189. and putinto another veſſell, and the weake,, reſolute, or paralitikememberſ being there— withanoynted, theyare much caſed if not recouered, AZ/ſ/#ſſaith, he made experience of puppieſ ſodaliuein oyle, whereby he cured hiſgouty legd horſeſ, and thereforeit can— not chuſe but be much more profitable for a man. The 3kin of a dog held with thefiue fingerſ;ſtayerth diſtillationſ 5 it hath theſame operati— on in gloueſ and ſtockinſ, and it will alſo eaſe both Ache in the belly , head, and feet, and therefore it iſ vſed to be worne in the ſhooeſ againſt the gout. The fleſh ofmadde Doggeſ,iſſalted and given in meate to them which are bitten by madDogſ for a ſingularremedy. Theblood iſ commented againſtallintoxicating poy— to ſonſ and paineſ inthe ſmall gutſ, and it cureth ſcabſ. The fat iſ vſed againſt deafencſſe of the careſ,the gout, nitſ in the head, and incontinency of vrine, given with Alumme. A plaiſter made of the marrow of a Dog and old wine, iſ good againſt the falling of the fur}- "dament, The haire of a blacke Dog eaſeth the falling ſickneſſe, the braineſ of a Dog in linte and Woolllayed to a manſ broken boneſ for foureteene dayeſ together, doeth conſolidate and ioyne them together again, which thing canſed Sereznſ to make theſe ex— cellent verſeſ: 4 Paid 5 — —_ Infandum diGtu cundtiſ procull abſit amiciſ Sed fortunapotenſ omen conucitat iflſſ/;_oſtu — E Viſ indigna nowo ſi ſpar ſcrit ofſafragore, 20 Comuemiet cercbrum blandi caniſ addere fractiſ Lintea deinde ſuperque induCTunetere lanaſ Sepinſ & ſuecoſ conſpergere piuguiſ oliui Biſ ſeptem credunt renateſtere cunit a dichuſ. The braine—pan or ſcul of aDog clouc aſunder,iſ aplied to heale the paine in the eieſ ; . that iſ, if the right eic beegrieued, thereunto apply theright ſide of theſcull, if the left eie, the left ſide. — The vertueſ of a Dogſ head madeinto poulder are both many and vnoſpeakeable, by it iſ the biting of mad Dogſ cured, itcureth ſpotſ and buncheſ in the head, and a plaiſter thereof made with Oyle of Roſeſ, healeth the running inthe head : it cureth al{oall tu— 30 mourſin the priny partſ ,and in the ſeate, the chippingſ in the fingerſ, and many other diſcaſeſ. f The poulder of the teeth of Doggeſ,maketh Childrenſ teeth to comeforth with ſpeed and caſie, and if their gumſ be rubd with a dogſ tooth,it maketh them to haue the ſharper teeth : and the poulder of theſe Dogſ teeth rubbed vpon the Gummeſ of young or olde, eaſeth toothacheand abateth ſwelling inthe gummeſ. Thetongueof a Dogge, iſ moſt wholeſome both for the curing of hiſ ownewoundeſ by licking aſ alſo of any other crea— tureſ. The rennet of a Puppy drunke with Wine, diſſolueth the Collicke in the ſame houre wherein it iſ drunke :andthe vomit of a Dog layed vpon the belly of a hydropick Raſiſ man, cauſeth Waater to come forch at hiſ ſtoole. The gall healeth all whealeſ and bliſterſ Sexteſ . after they be pricked witha Needle, and mingled with Hony it cureth pain in the cieſ,and taketh away white ſpotſ from them : likewiſe infuſed into the eareſ,openeth all ſtoppingſ, Klſſ'f"[ ine rethallinward paineſ in them, i eſenttrin: TheSpleene drunke in vrine, cureth the ſpleenatick ; the melt being taken from the Dog aliue, hath the ſame vertue to help the melt of man. The ſkinne of Bitcheſ wherein they conceiue theirpuppieſ(which neuer touched the earth) iſ pretiouſ againſt dificulty Deyeorideſ in childbirth, and it draweth the infant out of the wombe. T he milk of a Bitcheſ firſt whel— ping, iſ an antidote againſt poyſon, and the. ſame cauſeth haire never to come againe, if itberubbed vpon the place wherehaireſ are newly pulled off : Alſo infuſed into the eyeſ, drivethaway the whiteneſ ofthem. Likewiſethere iſ no better thing to annoint the gumſ 50 of young Children withall, before they haue teeth, for it maketh them to comeforthwith eaſe : it eaſeth likewiſe the paine of the eareſ, and withall ſpeed healeth burnt moutheſ by any whot meate, Ore arabu/ſta cibo ſamabiſ lacke canino. \ i Thevrine of a dog taketh away ſpotſ and warteſ, andbeing mingled with ſalt of nitre, wonderfully eaſeth the Kings_cdifl. The dung of doggeſ (called by the Apothecaryeſ Album Gracum )becauſe the white iſ beſt, bchſixſſg engendered by eating of boneſ, and 2 there— Plixy, 190 Pliy. Solinuſ The great vſe of the c6 fideration of The firſt m5 in Eurep poſ ſeflour of ele phantſ. Paxſaniaſ Plutarch, Ex tropinſ an Elephant, | The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. therefore hath no i!lſavour, Ga/ew affirmeth rliat hiſ maiſterſ in Phyſicke, vſediitagaing oldſoreſ, bloody flixeſ, and the Quinenſie, and it iſ verye profitable to ſtaunche the > — . » — — + — — blood of Dogſ, andalſo againſtinflamationſ in the breſtſ of Women, mingled withtur— pentine . It waſ well preſcribed by Anicen, to expell congeled bloode out of the ſto— mackeand bladder, being taken thereof ſo much in powder aſwilllye vppon a Golden Noble. f Ofthe Ethiopian Eale. Hereiſ bred in Ezhiopia a certaine ſtrange Bcgſt a_bout the bigneſſe z)ſz S@| Sea—horſe, being of colout blacke or brownith : it hath th.c cheekeſ Of a | Boare, the tayle of an Elephant, and horneſ aboue a Cubilong, which are mooueable vpon hiſ head at hiſ owne pleaſure like eareſ ; now ſiaſſxd_ ingone way, and anone mouing anothcr- way , aſ hee needethin fighting wichother Beaſteſ ,for they {tand not ſtiffc but bend flexibly ,and whſſcn he ſi_gh(cth,hc 31_. way ſtretchethout the one, and holdeth in the other ,of p urpgſc aſ it may ſeeme,; that if one of them be blunted and broken, then hee may defend hlxnſ%:lſc with the oFhcr. ſſI: may wellbecompared to a Sea—horſe for aboue all orher placeſ it loneth beſt the VWa— te'ſ. OF THE ELEPHANT. Here iſ no creature among althe Beaſtſ of the world which J\| hath ſo great and ample demonſtration of the power and »E\l wiſedome of almighty God aſ the Elephant : both for pro— | portion of body and diſpoſition of ſpirit ; and it iſ admira— rable to behold, the induſtry of our auncient forefatherſ, J and noble defire to benefit vſ their poſterity, by ſerching ty N or harmeſ may come by them to mankind: hauing never .@P%\ {O beene afraideither of the Wildeſt, but they tamedi them; ſi% 9 theflerceſt, but they ruled them ; and the greateſt, but they allſoſet vpon them . Witneſſe for thiſ part the Elephant, being like aliuing Mountain in quantity & outwardappearance, yet by them ſo handled, aſ no little dog became more ſeruiceable and tractable. Among alithe Epropeanſ the firſt poſſeſſor of Elephantſ, waſ Alexander Magauſ, and after him Amzzg07uſ, and before the Mrcedenianſ came into Aſit, no people of the world except the Affricanſ and the Zadianſ, had euer ſeene Elephantſ. When Fabritiuſ waſ ſent ) L@ by the Romaneſ to King P»7zbhwſ in Ambaſſage, Pyrrzbhwſ offered to him a great ſumme of 40 money, to preuent the Warre, but herefuſed private gaine, and preferred the ſeruice of hiſ Country :the next day he brought him into hiſ preſence, and thinking to terrifichim placed behind him a great Elephant,ſhadowedwith cloth of Arraſ53the cloth waſ drawne and the buge beaſtinſtantly layed hiſ trunke vppon the head of abritiuſ ſending forch a terrible and direfull voice : whereatFabyſr2ſ laughing, perceiuing the pollicy of theking gently made thiſ ſpeech ; Neque heri aurnm neque hode beſtia me promoutt. Iwaſ neither temptedwith1by Goldyeiterday, nor terrified with the ſight of thiſ beaſt too day: and foafterward Py7rh#ſ waſ ouercome in War by the Romanſ,and Manlimſ Curinſ Den— tatuſ, did firſtof all bring Elephantſ in Tryumphe to Rome, calling them Zucape Boueſ, 50 Oxen of the wood, about the 47 2 . year of the Citty :and afterward in the year of Romeſ building 502. when Merel/#; waſ bigh prieſt, and oucrthrew the Carthagenianſ in Sicily, there were 142. Elephantſ brougfit in ſhipſ to Rome and led in trinmph, which Lecivſ Piſoafterward, to take away from the people opinionſ of the feare of them, cauſed them tobebrought to the ſtage to ffln view and handling, and ſo ſlaine 5whichctthing Pompey ' did | intothe qualitieſ of euery Beaſt, to diſconer what benefitſ 30 | Of the Elephant. 191 SK iNnSnd = Snrinnſ 3 ,",ctMuct"/zmmwn.. we wW S \ ( (d 8 o ſ Se 0 "" ____\__.__;.\_ y \\N th E 1 \__\\_ (,/ſſ/ſffl/,ffflſſm \ ,ctſſctſi | ,,,,ct,ffl%/% 3 ({(rou—ol8% --v.-. \\/\\\/.þffi yy & fa e o o 192 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. didalſo by the ſlaughter offiue hundred Lyonſ andElephantſ together; ſo that in the inlixſCapit: time of Gardianuſ , it waſ no wonder to ſee thirty and two of thematonertime. ® AnBlephaat iſ by theHxbreweſ called Behemah, by way of excellency, aſ the Latn_:cs Zct,:ſſ:,?ict:ſi for the ſame cauſe cal him Zel/wa,the Chaldeanſ for the ſame word, Dew. 14—trantlar Beira, diuerſ lſinngun the Arabianſ 2chito, the Perſianſ Behad, and the Septuagintſ Ateze, but the Grzecianſ SE5 vilgarly Elephaſ, not Quaſfelebaſ,becauſe they ioine copulationin the VVzſſttcr, butrather from the Hebrew word Deſhill;ſignificngthc Inory toothofan Elephant(aſ AMwn/Zer wel obſerueth.y The Hxbreweſalſo vſethe word Schen for an Elcphax?ts cooth.' Morcouer Heſychiuſ called an Elephant in the Greek tongue Per('/ſm* ,the La_tmcs doe md:ffcrpntly vie Elephaſ, and Elephantuſ 5and it iſ ſaid that Elephantuſ in the Punicke tongue, ſtgoifieth Gaſar : wherupon when the Graundfather of 74/inſ Ceſar had ſlain an Elephant,he had the nameof Ceſ/ar put vpon him. The orizint _The Italianſ call thiſ Bealt Leofarte, or Ldonſapte, theFrench Elephante, the Germanſ ithe Czelarſ Helfant , the IllivianſSlop. Weread but of threeappellatiuve nameſ of Elephantſ ; that iſ of one, called by Alexazder the great Afax, becauſe hee had read that the buckler of great AZax waſ coucred with an Elephantſ ſkin, about whoſe necke he puta Golden col— larand ſo ſent him away withliberty. Afztiovlfm_oqc of Alexander fucceſſourſ had two Ele— phantſ, one of them he likewiſe called Afgx, in imitation of Alexander, an_d the othier Pa— tracluſ , of which two thiſ ſtory iſ reported by Axtipater. That when Artiochmſ came to a certaine foorde or deepeWater, Ajax which waſ alway the captaine of the reſidue, ha— ving ſounded the depth thereof, refuſed to paſſe oner, apd turned backe againe, then the King ſpake to the Elephantſ & pronounced, that he which would paſſe ouer ſhould haue. principality ouer the reſidue : whereupon, Parrzec/wſ gauethe aduenture, and paſſed ouer ſafely ,and receined from the king the iluer trappingſand al other prerogatiueſof princi— pality ; the other ſeeing it (which had alway beene chiefe rill that time, y preferred death before ignominy and diſgrace, and ſo would nenuer after eate meate but famiſhed for ſor— : row. + They are bred in the whot Eſterne countricſ,for byreaſon they can endure no cold,they Countrieſ of keepe onely in the Eaſtand South . Amongall, the 2ediaw Elephantſ are greateſt, ſtrong— ;ff::ſi:ſiſi:ct eſt, and talleſt, and thereare among them of two ſortſ, one greater (which are called PF,— Duduſ ſ1) the other ſmaller, called Taxile .) They be alſo bred in AÞ#/ca, in Lybia, much greater eActanuſ then a Nyj/ſzan Horſle, and yet enery way inferiour to the Z2dianſ; for which cauſe, if an Piiefrun: Affrican Elephant doþut ſec_ an Indſſnſſ hetrembleth,and laboureth by all meaneſ to get ofain: out of hiſ ſight, aſ being guilty of their owne weakeneſſe. 4 f There are Elephantſalſo in the Ie Tuprobave, and in Sumazre, in Affrican . They are bred in zZyhia, in. £thiepia, among the Troglodite, and in the Mountaine AF/z5, Syrzeſ, Vertomame@ſ 7 rmeſ, and Sala,theſeuen Mountaineſ of Tragitania, and in the Countrey of Baſman, E aſ tt ſubieG to the greatCham. Sorfzc Authorſ affirme, that the Affrican E[cpþants are much Panal tentine %rcater then the Z2Z/42@, but withno greater reaſon then Colewella Writeth ; that there ceaſ great beaſteſ found in Italy aſ Elephantſ are: whereuntono ſound Author euer yealded. , Ofall earthly creatureſ an Elephant iſ the greateſt : for in Zad/a they are nine cubitſ The heigh & hbigh,andfiue cubitſ broad; in Africa foureteen or fiſteene ful ſpanſ, which iſ about cle— ſi*ſi:]: ofele nen foot high and proportionable in bredth, which cauſed Aclianwſ to Wirite, that one 7 " Elephant iſ aſ bigaſ three Bugilſ ; and among theſe the maleſ are euer greater then the femaleſ. In the kingdome of Melzzda in Affricke, there were two young oneſ, not aboue ſixe montheſ old, whereof the leaſt waſ aſ great aſ the greateſt Oxe, but hiſ fleſh waſ aſ much aſ you ſhall find in two Oxen ; the other waſ much greater. Vartomamuſ _Theit colour iſ for the moſt part mouſe—colonr, or blacke 5and there waſ one all white I_Z'ct:giiſiffi in Ethiopia : The Skinne loqkcc_h picled and ſcabby ; it iſ moſt hard on the backe, butſofter partſ, vnderneaththe belly, hauing no coucring of haire orgriſteſ nor yet helpe by hiſ taile to drive away the fieſ, for that cuill doth thiſ beaſt feele in hiſ great body, but alway hath fif:ſi;ſi E@ of creuiſeſ in hiſ skinn_c,which by their ſauour d_loc inuite thelittle flyeſ to a continuall feaſt, . & bu_t whenby ſtrct_chmg forth they þauc received the ſwwarmcg; by ſbrinking together a— gain, they incloſe the flieſ and ſo kill them : ſo that theſe creuiſeſ in hiſ ſkin,are vnto him 1— 49 50 I0 20 Of the Elephant. 193 infteede of a mane,, taile, and haire : yet thereare ſome few haireſ which growſcattering vpponhiſ hide, whereofſome haue beene brought out of Argerica into Germany,, which were two palmeſ long, but not ſo ſtiffe aſ Swineſ. Their Skinnec iſ ſo hard and ſtiffe, that a ſharpe ſwordeor iron cannorpierce it. Their head iſ very great, and the head of a man may aſ eaſily enter into their mouth, aſ a finger Gillinſ into the mouth of a Dog ; but yertheir eareſ and eyeſ are not cequinalenttothe reſidew —oftheir proportion : for they are ſmal,like the wingſ of a Bat or a Dragon;thoſe ofthe E— 30 40 5 thiopian Sambriwant eareſ altogither. Their eyeſ arelike the eyeſ of Swine; butvery red,' , ; a . a Pliny. theyhanue tecthof either ſide foure, wherewith they grindetheir meate like meale, and they havealſo two other which hang forth beyond the reſidue, in the maleſ downeward, Uryrmmannſ andtheſeare the greater and crooked 5 but in the femaleſ vpwarde, and they are the ſmaller and ſtraight : the one of them theyrkeepe alway ſharpe, torenenge iniurieſ, and with the other they root vp plantſ & treeſ for their meat : ſo thatnature hath armed both ſexeſ with theſe, for their chiefeſt defence ;andwith theſethe femaleſare. calued at the oftheir teerh firſt, and indued from themotherſ belly, andappeare ſo ſoone aſ they come foorth:the <""" maleſ not ſo quickly, but rather after the maner of boreſ and Sea—horfleſ, they hang out ;,,,,, of theirmouthſ, and grow to be'ten foot long, whereofthey make poſtſ of houſeſ infome p;, countrieſ,and cal them Eboya; that iſ, young yuory : which cauſed Marzia/to writethuſ; Grandia tanyorum portantquicorpora queriſ Andybicaſ poſant ſuſtimauiſſetrabeſ, Thereiiſ a certaine booke extant without the name of the Author,written of Iudza orthe holy land, wherein the Author affirmeth that he ſawan Elephantſtooth ſold to a Vexetiaz Merchant, for ſixandthirty Duaccatſ, itbeing fourteenſpanſ long,and four ſpanſ broad, and it warghled ſo heauy, that he could not moue it from the ground. Vartomanuſ alſo ſaith,that he ſaw in the Iſle of Sumatra jwoElephantſteeth,which waig— hed three hundred ſtvand thirty poundſ. Thiſ iſ certain, that the teethof thoſeElephantſ which live in the mariſheſ and watry placeſ, are ſo ſinooth and harde, aſ they ſeemein— traGable, and inſome placeſ they haue holeſ in them , and againe certainebuncheſaſ big aſ hail—ſtoneſ, whichare ſo hard,aſ noart orinftrument can worke vpon them: The Elephantſ of themountaineſ haut leſſer and whiterteeth, fit to be appliedto any Phiſf worke, but the beſtofally are the teeth of the Carpeſ?riall and fielde Elephantſy which are *** oftratnſ whiteſt and ſofteſt, and maye well bee handleth without all paine. The teeth of the female are more pretiouſ then of the male, and theſe they looſe enery tenth yeare 5 which falling off they bury and couer in the earth, preſſing them downe by ſitting vppon them,and then healthem oner with earch by theirfeet;and ſo inſhorttime the graſſe gro— wethvpon them;for;aſ when theyare hunted they know it iſ forno othercauſe then their teeth, ſoalſo when they looſe their teeth, they deſire to keepeithem from:men, leaſt the vertueſ of them being diſconered,; they which beare them ſhoulde enioy the leſſe peace and{ſecurity. d >. It iſ admyrable what deviſeſ the people of Todiſ and Affrica haue invented by naturall The finding obſeruation, to finde out theſeburied teeth, which vnto vſ lining intheremote parteſ of ?ct l:;ſſd"ctſi'ſi the world, we would iudge impoſſible by any ordinary or lawfull courſe,except we ſhould 45 turne vp the earth of a whole country , or go to work by diabolicall coniuration : yet haue MAe#"@ they found out thiſ facile & ready courſe.In the woodſ or fieldſ where they ſuſpe& theſe teeth to be buried, they bring forth potſ or bottelſ of water, and diſperſethem heere one, there another, and ſolet them ſtand ,nd tarry to watch them ,ſo one ſleepeth;another ſin— geth, or beſtoweth hiſ time aſ he pleaſeth;after a little time, they go and look in thcir potſ andifthc teethlie neer theirbottelſ,by an vnſpeakable and ſecret attradtine power in na— ture, they draw all the water out of them that areneerethem; which the watchman taketh a wengeriait foraſure ſigne , andſo diggethabout hiſ Bottelly tillhefind the tooth : but if their bottelſ natural iecrer benot emptied, they remoue to ſeeke in another place. Theſe yuory teeth haue bene alway ofgreat eſtimation among all the Nationſ that e uer knew them,the Ethyopianſ payed for atribute vnto the king of Petſia enery 3. yeare twentyoſtheſe teeth hung about with gold and Tet—wood. Theſeareſoldby waight, and | S there RobCenaliſ. 194 Plinyuſ. Whether Ele I. hantſ have orneſ, T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. there be many which deceine the world with the boneſ of fiſheſ inſteed hereof, but the true yuory iſ paler and heauier, and falling vpon the ground will caſily breake,: whereaſ the boneſ of Fiſheſ are moretenatiouſ, light, and ſtrong.It iſ like to the Chermiteſywhere— in Davinuſ waſ entombed, and the Marble called: Lapiſ Coraliticnſ Ceorrol ſtone : like vato thiſ iſ the A/agſ ſtone, and the Pederoeſ Iewell.With thiſ yuory they made imageſ and ſta— tueſ for their idoll Goddeſ, aſ one for Palleſ in Achenſ,for Eſculapiuſ in Epidauruſ of ye— nuſ vnder the name of Prania by Phidinſ, whereupon ſhe waſ called Elephantina,for Apol— loat Rome: and therefore Paw/anizſ wonderethat the G7ecia#zſ that ſpared no coſtfor the vaine worſhip oftheir Goddeſ, for they bought of the Indianſ and Ethiopianſ yuory to make their imageſ with more pompe and oftentation : beſideſ of yuory they make the haftſ of kniveſ, and alſo the beſt combſ; and Salowon aſ appeareth 3.Reg. 10.had a throne ofyuory coucredallouer with gold, for the coſtſ and charge wherof he could not expend lefſethen thirty thouſand talentſ. : The greatneſ of theſe appeareth by their vſe, for Polybieſ reportech by the relation of GaluſſaaNoble—manand a great traueller in Affrica, that vyith themthey made poſtſ for houſeſ, and rackſ to lay their cartelſ meat vpon, and likewiſe foldſ to encloſe them. Apc/— leſmade an inke of Iuory which waſ calledElephanteſ inke, and he painted therewith. It hathbin affirmed by Ac/iaam & ſome writerſ following Pliz7,;that theſe teeth are Hornſ, and thatElephantſ arehornd beaſtſ, which errour roſe vpon the occaſion of theſe wordſ of rliny 5 Elephantoſ G arieteſ candore tantum cormibuſ aſcimulatiſ , in Santonum littorere— 14 ciprocaoſ deſtituit Oceanuſ :where Aclianuſ finding areſerablance betwixt Ramſ and Ele— phantſ in their white horneſ , waſ contented to apply thatname to them both, which ap— pertaineth onely to one; for P/apy himſelfe Lib. 18. ſheweth hiſ meaning by another like ſpeech,of the whetting their horneſ vpon treeſ ,and Xhinaceroreſ vpon ſtoneſ : for except he had named horneſ inthefirſt place it might haue beene queſtioned whether Rbjzare— roteſ hadany horneſ, but rather teeth in the ſecond place: But whatſoeuer were the wordeſ.or opinion of Plzy,; it iſ moſt certaine, that after He— rodotuſ and other auncient writerſ, it iſ ſafer to call theſe teeth, then horneſ , and I will breefely ſet downe the reaſonſ of Philoſ?raznſ,that will haue them to be teeth, and after— ward of Grapaldwſ, Aclianuſ, and Panſaniaſ, that would makethem hornſ,, and ſo leaue the reader to conſider whether opinion he thinkethmoſt agreeable to truth. Firſt, that they are nothorneſ, it iſ alledg ed that horneſ fall off and grow euery yeare againe, eſpecially of Hartſ, and grow forch of their headſ, but teeth whichare called Famze or Gang—teeth, ſtanding out of the mouth, fal off together ,& are ginenfor weapon and defence to beaſtſ, and ſuch are an Elephantſ : Againe, a horne hath a certaine line or circle neerethe roote, which iſ couered euery yeare, but thiſ commeth vp like a ſtony ſubſtance, wichout all cit— cle or couer , and therfore it cannot be a horn.Mecreouer, thoſe creatureſ are ſaid to haue horneſ, thathaue clonuen hooneſ, thiſ hath no clouen hoofe , but onely fine diſtinG fin— gerſ vpon a foot.Laſtly, all horned beaſtſ haue an empty hollowneſ in their horneſ(ex— cept Hartſ) but thiſ iſ ſound and full thoroughout, exceptalittle paſſage inthe middle 49 like a hole into atooth : and thuſ ſay they which will haue themcalledteeth. Now on the contrary, tho{e which will haue them Horneſ, make theſe argumenteſ. Firſt, aſ the Elkſ haue their horneſ grow out of their eye—lidſ , the Rhimpceroteſ or Ethyo— pian Bulſ out of their noſe, ſo aſ it iſ not vgnaturall for the Elephantto bauehiſ hormeſ grow out of hiſ mouth.Againe, horneſ fall off and come againe in old beaſtſ,but teeth do not {0, and therefore theſe are horneſ and not tecth: the power offire cannot altertecth, but theſe teethbreake if you go about to changetheir proportion or figure,but horneſ of Oxen andElephantſ may be ſtretched, bended, altered; ſtraightned, and applied to what faſhion ſo euer you will. Againe, teeth grow out of the gummeſ and cheeke—bone, aſ itiſ apparant, but horneſ groweout of the ſcull and Templeſ, andſo do the Elephantſ aſ by ;a obſernation euery man may diſcern.Laſtly aſ nature hath givien another ſhape andgrea— ter proportion of body to Elephantſ then to any other beaſtſ, ſoalſo it iſ not vnreaſona— ble that it vary in the placing of hiſ hornſ, for they grow downeward , and the very mole and quantity of hiſ body iſ ſufficient toarme him againſt the feare of death. Thuſ theyar— gument for the hornſ of Elephantſ. i v @ The Of the Elephant. . — — 195 The Poetſ haue a prety reſemblance of dreameſ, comparing true dreameſ to horneſi andfalſe dreameſ to Iuory ,, becauſe falſhoode iſ euer more burniſhed, then naked and ragged trueth. And beſideſ the eie of man iſ tranſlucent, and containeth in it a horry ſubſtance, and by the cie wealway receine the beſtaſſurance, but. by the mouth(ſignified by teethyare many falſhoodſ vented : and for that horneſ turne vpwardetoheauen, the fountaine oftrueth, but theteeth of an Elephant growe downward towar deſ the earth the! mother of error. And for thiſ cauſe Aewewſ by Virgil and Hemer , iſ ſaid to come in at the horny gate of Semmaſ, and to go forth at the knory : F#gilſ verſeſare theſe : to Sunt geming Someri port £ quarum altera fe'rtur, Altera candentiprefectanitenſ Elephanto. Hiſ vbidum natum Anchiſeſ, vnague Sibillam5Cornea Qua ver iſ faciliſ datur exituſ Ombriſ, Sedfalſa ad celum mittunt in ſomnia maneſ, Peoſequitur didhiſ, portaque emittit eburna. And here we willleaue, and proſecute no further thiſ diſcourſeof their horneſ and teeth, but proceedeto the other outward partſofthiſ beaſt. dy oni The toung iſ very ſinall thoughbroad, hiſtrumcke called Proboſeiſ and Promunſ/ciſ, iſ a Ackanuſ. 20 large hollow thing hanging from hiſ hoſelikeſkinneto the groundward:and when he fee. Ariſatle, dethitlyethopen,like the ſkin vpon the bill of a Turkey—cock, to draw in both hiſ meate and drinke , vſing it for a hand,and therefore improperly it iſ called a hand. For by it he re— ceiveth of hiſ keeper whatſoeuer he ginethhim, with it he ouerthroweth treeſ,and where ſocuer he ſwimmeth, throughit he draweth breath— It iſ crooked, griſtly ,and inflexible at the roote nexte to the noſe : within ,it hath two paſſageſ, one into the heade and bodie by which he breatheth, and the other into hiſ mouth, whereby he receiueth hiſ meate : and herein iſ the woorke of Godmoſt woonderfull, notonely in gining—vnto itſuch a dinerſe I#! proportion and anatomie, but alſo giuing him reaſon to knowſe thiſ benifite.of it; that ſo long aſ he iſ in the water and holdethvp that trunck, he cannot periſh. With thiſ heefighteth in warre, and iſ able to:take vp a ſimallpiece of money from the earth : with it he bath beene ſeene to pull downe the toppe of a tree, which twenty foure men with a rope could not maketo bend. Wich it he driveth away hiſ hunterſ when he iſ chaſed, for he candrawevp therein a great quantity of water, and ſhoote it forth againe, to theamazement and the ouerthrow of them that perſecutehim.. The Mooreſ ſay that he hathtwoe hearteſ, one whcrCWiEhall he iſ incenſed, andanother whereby hee iſ pacif— ed.. 1 ! t I But the trueth iſ , aſ A7/#/Zo:/e in the diffection of the hearte obſerued,there iſ a double ventrickle, and bone in the heart ofan Elephant. He hath a Liner without any apparant gall, but that ſide of the liuer being cut, whereon the gallſhoulde lye» a certaine humour 45 comineth foorth like a gall. Wherefore Acliaxwſſayth, he hath hiſ gall in hiſ maw—guite, which iſ ſo full of ſineweſ, that one wouldthinkehe had foure bellieſ 3 in thiſ receinueth he © hiſmeate, hauing no other receptacle for it : hiſ intralleſ are like vnto a Swineſ,but much reater. t ſ Hiſ Liner fouretimeſ ſo greateaſ an Oxeſ, andſo all the reſidue excepte the Melte : hehath two pappeſ a little beſide hiſ breaſt vnder hiſ ſhoulderſ, and not betweene hiſ hin— derleggeſ or loyneſ, they are very ſmall and cannot beſeene on the ſide. The reaſonſ Ar//etk. hereofare given , firſtthat he hath but two pappeſ; becauſe he bringeth forth but one at atime,and they ſtand vnder hiſ ſhoulderſlike an Apeſ, becauſe. hee hath no hookfeſ but, diſſſtlinct feet like a manneſ,,and alſo bicauſefrom the breaſte flowethmoreaboundanceof , milke. { > The genitall parteiſlike a Horſeſ, butleſſer then the proportion of hiſ bodie affoor— deth : the ſtoneſ atenot outwardly ſeene, becauſe they cleaue to hiſ raineſ. +But the Fe— | male hathher genitall betwixte her thigheſ : the forleggeſ are muchlonger then the hin— derleggeſ,; and the feetbe greater. Hiſ leggeſ are ofequall quantity, bothaboueand be— neathe the kneeſ, andit hath anckle boneſ: verie lowe. The articleſ:doe not aſcende ſo $ 2 f high 39 Vartemannuſ 196 T he Hiſtory of Fource—footed Beaſlſ. highaſ in other creatureſ ,butkeprlowneere the carth. He bendeth hiſ hinder legſ like a manſ when heſittech, but by reaſon of hiſ great waight hee iſ not able to bend on both ſideſ together, but exther leanethtotheright hand or to the left and ſoſlecpeth: It iſ falſe (Celiſ thatthey haveno ioyntſ orarticleſ in their legſ, for when they plcaſe they can vſe, bend, giet and moue them, but after they grow old,they vſenottolie downe or ſtrainethem by rea: ſonoftheir great weight ,but take their reſt leaning to a tree: and if they did not bend their legſ, they couldneuer go any ordinary and ſtayed pace. Their feet are round like ahorſ— ſeſ, but ſo aſ they reachfrom the middlecuery way two ſ panſlength, andare aſ broad aſ a buſheil, hauing fiue diſtind toeſ vpon each foot, the which toeſ are very little clouen, to the intent that the foor may be ſtronger; and yet parted, that when he treadeth vppon to ſoft grounde, the weyghrt of hiſ body pre ſſe not downe the legge to deepe. Heehathno naileſ vpon hiſ toeſ, hiſ taile iſ like an Oxeſ taile, hauing alittle haire atthe end, and the reſidue thereof peeled and without haire: He hathnot any briſtly hairſ to couer hiſ back : and thuſ much for their ſeuerall partſ and their v/eſ. * — There iſ not any creature ſo czpable of vnderſtanding aſ an Elephant, and therefore it e ſiv,*ſiff: iſ requiſite to tarry ſomewhatthe longer in expreſſing the ſeverall propertieſ, and natu— rallqualitieſ thereof, which ſundry and variable inclinationſ, cannot chooſe but bring reatdelight to the reader. They haue a wonderfull loneto their owne Countrey, ſoaſ although they beneuer ſo well delighred with dinerſ meatſ andioyeſin other placeſ,yet Aliantſ — inmemory thereof they ſend forth teareſ, and they loucalſo the waterſ, rinerſ, and ma— 25 Tzize® riſheſ, ſo aſ they are not vnfitly called 2/4// ſuch aſ lineby the rinerſ ſideſ:although The MlaceS j they cannotſwim by reaſon of their great and heauy bodicſ, vntill they be taught. Allo they neuerliue ſolitary but in great flockſ,except they beſicke or watch their yong oneſ, Pluy. and for cither of cheſethey remaine aduenturouſ vnto death,theeldeſt leadeththeherd, andtheſecond driteth thein forward, if they meetany man they gine him way, and goe Io Aft": oqurofhiſlight. : Their voice iſ called by the word Barzire, that iſ to bray ,and thereupon the Elephantſ Feſtuſ themſeluſ are called 2477z7 ; for hiſ voice commeth out of hiſ mouth and noſtrilſ togither, Philomelſ like aſ when a man ſpeakethbreathing; wherefore Ariſtotle callethit rawcity ,or hoarſheſ, avther. _ like the low ſound of a Trumpet, thiſ ſound iſ verie terrible in battaileſ aſ ſhallbe after— warddeclared. They linevponthe fruitſ of plantſ and rooteſ, and with their trunckſ and headſ, ouer— Themear o E10W WEtOPS oftreeſ,and eat the bougheſ and bodieſ ofthem , and many timeſ vpon wilde Eleph, the leaueſ oftreeſ he devuoureth Chamazleonſ, whereby he iſ poiſoned and dieth if hee Plmy. eatnot immediately a wilde Oliue. They eat earth Ofcen: without harme, but if they eat it Solinuſ ſildome, it iſ hurtfulland procureth'paine in their beliieſ ; ſo alſo they eat ſtoneſ. They areſo louing to theirfelloweſ, that they willnot eat their meatalone , but hauing found a prey, they go and inuite the reſidue totheir feaſteſ and cheere, more like to reaſonable ciuill men,then vareaſonable brute beaſtſ. Thereare certaine noble melonſ in— E#hjopia, whichthel:lephantſ being ſharpe—ſmelling—beaſteſ dowinde a greatway off, and by the 40 conduct oftheir noſeſ cometo tho{e Gardenſ of Melonſ.,and there eat and devour themx When they aretamed they will eate Barlie cither whole or grotunde : of whole at one timeiſ given them nine Macedonian Buſhelſ, but of meale ſix and of drinke eyther wine or water thirty MScedonianpinteſ at a time,that iſ fourteen gallonſ,but thiſ iſ obſerued, thattheydrinkenot wincexcept in warre, when they are to fight, but water at all timeſ, whereofthey willnot taſt, exceprit be muddy andnot cleare, for they anoid clearewa— Actunmſ C©OUAPPWST ſeetheir owne ſnaddow therein; anditherefore when the Indianſ are to Simoeramſ; Paſie the water with their Elephantſ, they chooſeidarkeand cloudy nighteſ wherein the A ſeexx. _moone affordethno light.Ifthey perceiue but a mouſe run quer their meat, they willnot Pliny, cat thereof, for therF iſ in them a great hatred of thiſ creature . Allo they wil eat drycd & Figgeſ, Grapeſ, On;ons)Bu_lrruſhcs, Palmeſ ,and uy leaueſ : There iſ a Region in Indiz; i lſ:;:: jſiF called Pha[afſ#i!bfi wþxch fignifieth Balde; becauſe of an herbe growing therein, which cau— ouy ſ ſeth eueryliving thing that eareth th'crof, to looſe both hornand haire, and therefore no man can be more induſtriouſ or warie to auoide thoſe placeſ, theniſan Elephant, andto a dekanuſ PCBTC euety greencthing growing in that place when he paſſeth thorough it. 9 we e/E liannſ. Hermolanſ. & va It Of the Elephant. 197 It will forbearedrinke eight daieſ together, and drinke wine to drunkenneſſe like an Apc. It iſ delighted aboue meaſure with ſweet ſauourſ, oyntmentſ, and ſmellin 2 flowerſ, for which cauſe their keepeſ will in the Summer timeleadtheminto the medoweſ of flo— __— werſ, where they of themiſelueſ will by the quickneſ of their {melling, chuſe out and ga— Z;*}:ſſ'fſi, Z':"ſi therthe ſweeteſt flowerſ,,ond put them into a baſker if theitrkeeper haneany; which being flowerſ. filled, like daintieandneat men, they alſo deſire to waſh, and ſo will go and ſeeke out wa . Adiantſ. terto waſh themſelueſ,; ind of their owne accord returne backe againe to the baſketofflo— werſ, which if they find not, they will bray and call for them. Afterward being led into: their ſtable , theywillnot eat meatvntill they take of their flowerſ and dreſſe the brimmeſ to ofthcir manngerſtherewith, and likewiſe ſtrew their roome or ſtanding place, pleaſing themſelueſ with theirmeat, becauſe of theſauor of the Flowerſ ſtucke aboiit their cratch, like dainty fed perſonſ which ſetrtheir diſheſ with greenc hearbſ, and put theminto their cupſof wine. ! EX Their pace iſ very flow . for a child may onertake them by reaſon of their high and larg bodieſ(except in their feare)y and forthatcanſe they cannotſwim : aſ alſo, by teaſon that "Cille;, theroeſoftheirfeet are very ſhortandſmally divuided. — Whenthey are brought into a The miping ſhip; they haue a bridgemade of wood , and coucted with earth; and greene bougheſ are ofElephantſ ſet on either ſide, ſo that they immagine they go vpon theland vntill they enter into the Art ſhipſ becauſe the bougheſkeepetheiiifrom ſight of the Sea. Theyare moſt chaſt, aird Eillce * 20 keepetrue vnto their maleſ without allinconſtantlone or ſeperation, admitting no adul— terieſ amongeſt them, and like men which taſt of yegwſ not for any corporallluſt,but for® deſire of heireſ and ſucceſſorſ intheit familieſ, ſo do Elephantſ,; without all vnchaſt and vnlawfullluſt, take their veneriall complementſ, for the continuation of theit kind, and. nener aboue thrice in alltheir daieſ, either male or female ſuffer carnall copulation (but' the femaleonely twice. )Yet iſ their rage great when the female pronoketh } them ,andal— though they fight not among themſtlueſ for their femaleſ, (except very ſildomey yet do theyſo burne in thiſ fury , that many timeſ they onerthrow treeſ and houſeſ in India by their tuſkeſ, and running their headlike a Ram againſtchem , wherefore then they Recpe them low & down by ſiibtraction of their meat, &alſo bring ſome ſtranger to beat themu 30 Therewaſ a certaine cunning hunterſentinto Mg#7/t@7/a by the Roman Emp—tohunt and take Elephantſ ; on a day he ſaw a goodly youngElephant in copulation with another, &! inſtantly athirdaproched with a direfull bray ing, aſ if he would haue eaten vp al the com — pany, and aſ it afterward appeared,, he waſ anarrivall to the female, which we ſaw in co— pulation with the other male : when he approched neere, both ofthemſet themſelueſ to: Actzneſ.' combat,which they performdlikeſome vnreſiſtable waueſ ofthe Sea, or aſ thehilſ which: areſhaken together by an earthquake, wherein cachonecharged the other moſt furionſly® fortheirlouc, to the terror and admiration ofall the beholderſ, and ſo atlaſt becam both diſarmed ot their teethand horneſ by their often bloweſ, before one had oucreome the o— thet, andſo atlaſt by the hunterſ were parted aſunder, being ever afterward quiet from ſuch contentionſ about their femaleſ for copulation. The /rdmnſ ſeparate the ſtableſ of the femaleſ far aſunder from the maleſ, becauſeat i that time they ouerthrowe their houſeſ. They are modeſt and ſhamefaſtin thiſ action, Tiſ place & for they ſeeke the Deſartſ, woodeſ, and ſectet placeſ for procreation, and ſomrimeſ the tmh:ſi":;;ſifſi aſ waterſ, becauſe the waterſ doe ſupport the Male in that adion , whereby hee aſcendeth cion and deſcendeth from the backe of the female with more caſe : and once it waſ ſeene, that PZy inZirgea (aCountrey of the Ceraſcenſ) two Elephantſ did engender out of 7#A/a; other— wifethey couplenot out of their owne countreyſ : VWhen they goe to copulatioi; they turne their headſ towardſ the caſt, but whether in remembrance of Paradiſe, or for the Mandragoraſ, or for any other cauſe, I cannot tell : the female ſitteth while ſhe iſ couerd. go They begin to ingender, the male at ſixe, ten, twelue, fiſteene or twenty yeare olde, the femalenot before ten yeareſ old : They couple but fine daieſ intwo yeareſ, and nener af— ter the female iſ filled till ſhe haue beene cleare one whole yeare, andafter the ſecond co— Solinar, pulation, he never more toucheth hiſ female. At that time the male breatheth foorth at The rime of hiſ noſe a certaine fat humor like a menſtruouſ thing, but the female hath them not til hie! copyletien 'place of coniception beopened : and alway the day after her filling, ſhe waſheth her ſelfe "'***** beforeſhe returne to the flocke. S 3 The 40 Alh erinſ. 198: Arſtotle. The time of their goiog with young Diodomſ * Pogiuſ. e/Alianuſ. The loue of the male to T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. The time of their going with yong iſ according toſometwo yearſ, andaccording tod o— therthree, the occaſion of thiſ dinerſity iſ, becauſe their time of copulation cannot cem tainely be knowne, becauſe ofthcir ſecreey;for the greater bodieſ that beaſtſ haue}they are theleſſe fruitfull. She iſ deliuered in great paine, leaning vpon her hinder Rueggeſ. They. neuer bring forth but oneat a time, and that iſ novmuch greater then a grtateow: calfe(of three montheſ old,) which ſhe nouriſketh ſixeor eight yeare.— Aſſoone abit iſ Calued, itſeethand goeth, and ſueketh with the mo uth,not with thetrunke, and ſogrow: ethtoagreatſtature. Hikenxſ t t 'The femaleſ when they haue caluedare moſt fierce, for feare of their,young oheſ;but if a man comeandtouch them, they arenotangty, for itſeemeth they ynderſtandthat 15 Betouchech them not for any deſire totake or harme them, but rather to ſtrokeanidad— mire them. Sometimeſ they goeintothe Water to the belly and there calue forfeareof the female & the Dragon : the maleneuer forſaketh her, but keepeth with her for thelike feare of the of both to the Calfe. Taetzeſ, Plutarcle Achanuſ Phloſtratuſ, Tha bring— ing of Ele— phantſ out of ſhipſ. A ſecret,if true, Ariſtotle, Ottheir figh ting Gillimſ aElianuſ (Culinſ Zovroaſtreſ. T heir fear of Dragon, and feede and defend theiryoung oneſ with ſingular lone and conſtancyewnto death: aſ appeareth by thc_Cxamplc of one, that heard the braying oflier calfe fallem into a ditchandnot able to ariſe, the female ranne vnto it, and for haſt felldowne vpponit, ſocruſhingit to death,and breaking her owne Necke with one anid the ſame violente loue. Aſ they line in heardſ, ſo when they are to paſſeouer a ryuer or Water; theyſend ovier the leaſtor youngeſtfirſt, becauſe their great bodieſ together ſhould:not cauſethedeepe water to ſwell or riſe abouetheir heigth : the other ſtand on the bancke and obſerue howe deepehe wadeth, and fo makeaccount that the greater may withmoreaſſurancefollow after the younger and ſmaller, then they the elder and taller ; and the femaleſ catryouer their Calueſ .vpon their ſnowtſ & long eminentteeth binding then faſt with their trunkſ (like aſ with ropeſ or malegirtſ that they may not fall y being ſometime holpenby the male; wherein appearethan admirable point of naturall wiſedome,,both in the carriageof theiryoung andinfeading of the leſſer foremoſt; not onely for the reaſon aforeſaid, but alſo becauſethey being hunted and proſecuted; it iſ reguiſite that the greateſtand ſtrong— eſt come in the reare and hindmoſt part;for theſafeguarde of the weaker, againſtthefury of their perſecutorſ,bcing betterable to fight thenthe formoſt, whom in naturalloue and pollicy, they ſetfartheſtfrom the danger. 38 Mutizſ which had beene thrice Confſull affirmeth, that he ſaw Elephantſ brought on ſhore at Puzealzin Italy.:they were cauſed to goe out of the ſhip backeward , all along the bridgethat waſ made for them, that ſo the ſight of the Sea might terrifiethem, and cauſe them more willingly to come on land,andthatthey might not beterrified with thelength of the bridge from the continent. 2//py and Solizyſ affirme,that they willnot goe on ſhip— boord, vntill their keeper byſome intelligible ſigne of oath, make promiſe vnto themof their returne backeagaine. They ſomc_:time aſ hathbceneſaid fightone z_xgainſt another, and when the weaker iſ ouercome, he iſ ſo much abaſed and caſt downe in minde, that ener. after he feareth the 40 voyce of the congueror . 4 Theyareneuerſoflerce, violent, or wilde, but the ſight of a Ramme tamethand dif— mayceththem, for they feare hiſ horneſ ; for which cauſe the Egiptianſ picure an Ele— phant and a Ramme, to ſignific a fooliſh king that runnethaway for a fearefullſightin the field. Andnot onely a Ramme, butalſo the gruntling elamour or cry of Hogſ :by which meaneſ the Romaneſ ouerthrew the Carthaginianſ, and 2F,7hwſ which Sriſted ou rimich to theirElephantſ. When Ar@parer beſiegedthe Megarianſ very ſtraitly with many Ele— phantſ, the Citizenſ tooke cerraine Swine and anointed them with pitch , then ſetthem 29 Ramſ.ſwine, on fire and turned them out among the Elephantſ, who crying horribly by reaſon of the and other beaſtſ uſ D 1 i ikow DUolateraunſ NOt reſtraine them from madneſle, fury, and flying vpon their owne company, onely be— fire on their bodieſ, ſo diſtemperdthe Elephantſ, that all the wit of the Macedonianſ could 33 cauſe of the ery of the Swine. And to takeaway that feare from Elephantſ, they bring vp withthem when they are tamed, young Piggeſ and Swine euer ſince that tijme WhenkE— lc}i?anfts are chhaſcd in hunting, if the Lionſ ſeethem, they runne from them like Hinde— calfeſ from theDoggeſ of Hunterſ, and yet Zphierazeſ ſayeth, that among the Ze/perian OF Of the Slc[fzhctnzſi_ a 199 or weſterne Aerzhiopianſ; Lionſ ſet vpon the young Calueſ of Elephantſ and wourid them: butattheſight of theimotherſ, which come with ſpeede to them, when they heare them cry, the Lionſ runneaway, and when the motherſ finde theirt young oneſ imbruedin their ownebloud, they theinſelueſ areſo inraged that they killthem, and ſo retirefrom them, Tfh(hctfcſi{ \ afterwhich time the Lionſ returne and eate their fleſh. They willnot induretheſauour of xthorl we a Mouſe, butrefuſe the meatwhich they haue runoner :in the rinerGangeſ of Jud»there ded Clueſ— are blew Wormeſ of ſixty cubitſ long hauing two armeſ; theſe when 'the Elephantſcome Sct ſictſig_' b to drinkelinithat river, rake their trunkſ in their handeſ and pullthem off. ThereareDra— t iwon we gonſ among the Acthiopianſ, whichare thirty yardſ'or paceſ long, theſehaueno namea— 2 10 mong the inhabitantſ but Elephant—killerſ. And among the 2Z7/4nſ alſo there iſ aſan in— bredandnative harefull hoſtility betwixte Dragonſ and Elephantſ: for which caunlethe a dchiniiſ. Dragonſ being not ignorant that the Elephantſ feed vpon the finiteſ and leaueſ of green: treeſ, doe ſecretly conuay them ſelueſ intothemor to the toppeſ of rockeſ: coucring their hinder partwith leaueſ ,and letting hiſ head and fore part hang downe like a ropeon aſuddaine when theElephant commeth to crop the top of the tree, ſhe leapeth into hiſ face, and diggeth out hiſ eicſ, and becauſe thatreuen geof malice iſ to littleto ſariſfie a Serpent; ſhe twineth her gable—like—body about the throat of the amazed Elephant, and ſo ſtrangleth him to death. Againe they marke the footſtepſ of the Elephant when he goeth to feed, and ſo with 20 their taileſ, net in and intanglehiſ legſ and feet : when the Elephant perceiueth and fee— leth them, he putteth downe hiſ trunke to remoue and vnty their knotſ and ginneſ ; them one of them thruſtethhiſ poiſoned ſtinging—head into hiſ Noſtrilſ, and ſo ſtop vp hiſ breath, the other, prick and gore hiſ tender—belly—partſ. Someagaine meet him'and flye vpon hiſ cieſ and pull them foorth, ſo that at the laſt he muſt yeeld to their rage, and fall downevpon them, killing them in hiſ death by hiſ fall, whom he could not reſiſt or ouer— , come being aliue : and thiſ muſtbe vnderſtood,that forſomuch aſ Elephantſ go togither by flockeſ and heardſ, the ſubtill Dragonſ let the foremoſt paſſe, and ſet vpon the hind— moſt, that ſo they may not be oppreſſed with multitude. Alſoitiſ reported that the blood of anElephant iſ the coldeſt blood in the world, and 30 that Diagonſin theſcorching heate of Summer ,cannot getany thing to coolethem, ex— cept thiſ blood;for which cauſe they hidethemſeluſ in riuerſ and brookſ whether theEle phantſ cometo drinke, and when he putteth downe hiſ trunke they take hold thereof,and inſtantly in greatnumberſ leape vp vnto hiſ care, which iſ naked, bare, and without de— fence : where out they ſuckethe blood of the Elephant vntill he fall downe dead, and ſo they petiſh both together. 3 Of Cinnaba Ofthiſ blood commeth thatancient C#oeabariſ, madeby commixture of the blood of 4 ctoſifſſ:lh;uſi;'ſi Elephantſ and Draggonſ both together, whichalone iſ able and nothing but'it, to make thebeſtrepreſentation of blood in painting. Some haue corrupted it with Goatſ—blood, and callit Milton, and Mirum ,and Monochromea : it hath a moſtrare and ſingaler vertue a— 40 gainfſt all poyſonſ, beſide the vamatcheable property aforeſaid. TheſeSerpentſ or Dragonſ are bred in Taprobopa,in whoſe headſ are many pretiouſ ſtoneſ, with ſuch naturall ſealeſ or figurative impreſſionſ, aſ if they were framed by the hande of man, for Pod//ppwſ and Trcrzeſ affirme, that they haue ſeen one of them taken out of a Dragonſ head, haning vpon it thelinely and artificial ſtampe of a Chariot. 'Eſlheſiſighwtſi _ Elephantſ are enimieſ to wilde Bulleſ ,and the 2/h/nrcerezſ,for in the gameſ of Pompey, þ [:ſi;_ſiſiſſ' when an Elephant and a Rh/moceroſ werebrou ghttogether, the Rh/mocerſſ ranne inſtantly and whet hiſ horne vppon a ſtone, and ſo preparedhimſelfeto fight, ſtriking moſt ofall at the belly of the Elephant, becauſehe knewe that it waſ the tendereſt and moſt penetrable part of the body. 5®% . "The Rhinoceroſ waſ aſ long aſ theElephant,but the leggeſ thereof were much ſhorter, and aſ the Rh/meceroreſ ſharpen theit horneſ vppon the ſtoneſ, ſo doe the Elephantſ their teethvpontreeſ: the ſharpneſſe of cither yeeldeth not to any ſteele— Eſpeciall the Rhjno=— Aetianu Cerot tearethand pricketh the legſ of the Elephant : They fight in the woodſ for noother Oppara cauſe, but for the meat they liue vpon, but if the Rhjpacerer getnot the aduantage of the S" aboe Elepbantſ belly , butſet vpon him in ſome other part of hiſ body , hee iſ ſoone put to the worſt, & 200 The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. worſt, by the ſharpeneſ of the yuoty tooth which piereeth thron gh hiſ morethen buſffe, hard—ſkinne (notto be pierced with any darty wul_] great facility, being ſcſſt(on with the ſtrengthofſo ablean aduerſary. The Tygrealſo feareth not anElephant, but iſ fercer Euſtathinſ and ftronger, for he leapeth vponhiſ head and rearethout hiſ throat, butthe Gryphinſ which onercomealmoſt all beaſtſ, are not able to ſtand with the Lypiſ or Elephantſ.; The femaleſ are farmore ſtrong, chearefull, and couragiouſ: then the maleſ, and alſo "* they areapt to bearethe greater burthenſ ; but in VWVar themale iſ more gracckgll_an_d ac— ?Z"Z"Kff ceptable, becauſe he iſ taller, giving.more aſſured enſigneſ ofviGory andfg\:ſitj(ude i But the z2//a7ſ vſeanother more ingeniouſ and ſpeedy meaneſ to tame them; which iſ thiſſ firſt, they dig alſo a greatditch;and place/ſuch meate therein aſ the beaſt loueth, who winding it and comming thereunto, for deſire thereoffallethinto the foſ_fi: orditch: being ſo fallen in and not ableto come forthagaine,; one cpmmeth to him with Whipſ, beating him very grivouſly for a good ſpace.;to the great griefe of the beaſt,who chrouſſgh hiſ incloſing can neither runne away nor helpe himſefe ; then commeth another during thiſ time of puniſhmentandblameth the firſtman for beating the beaſt, who dc{parce:h preſently aſ one afraid of hiſ rebuke, the other pittieththe beaſt, and ſtroaketh him, and ſo gocth away : then commeththe Whipper againe; and ſcourgeth the Elephantaſ be. foreand thatmore grieuonſly to hiſ greater torment for a good ſpace together : where. vpon the time fulfilled, the other commeth—againe and fighteth with the VWhipper , and forcibly ſeemeth to driuehim away, and relicuethe poore beaſt; and thiſ they doeſuc, ceſſinely three or four timeſ 5 ſo at the laſt, the Elephant groweth to know and lone hiſ de— ; linverer 5 who by that meaneſ draweth him out and leadeth himaway quietly. : While thiſ thing iſ doing, the ſmiter and WWhipper vſietha.ſtrange and vnwontedkind of habit, ſo aſ he may neuer be knowne by the Elephantafter heiſ.tamed, for feare of reuenge : of which you ſhall hearemoreafterward, in the farther: diſcourſe and opening the natureof © thiſ beaſt. Arrianuſ and Strabo telate another way whereby the Zyd/apſ; take their Elephanteſ, which becauſe they Write vpon their owne eye—{ight, of the thingſ they knewe aſſuredly, Thanuethought good .to expreſſethedeuiſe. Foureor fiue Hunterſ, firſt of all chuſe out ſomeplaine place, without Treeſ or Hilleſ but declining , by the Apace:of fome:foure or fiuefurlongſ 5 thiſ they dig like a wide Ditch aſ aforeſaid, and with the earthithey take 3 vp, they raiſe Wallſ about itlike a trench, and in; the fideſ of the trench they makecer— taine.denneſ withboleſ,to conuay inlight to. the \Vatch—men,whom they placethere— in, to give notice and obſernue when the Elephantſ are incloſed ;then. make. they a narow bridge couered with earth avthe farther end ofthetrench y that the beaſteſ may, dread no fallacy :and for the more ſpeedy effecting & compaſſing thcirdeſire, they alſo include in the trench three or foure tame femaleElephantſ;to entiſe and draw into them the wild oncs. v. — { + H r at + — " PL + . »|» Now theſe beaſteſ in the day time feede notſo boldly aſinthenight, and therefore they.cannot caſily be deceined ortaken in thelight; butinthe nightgreat flockeſ of them follow the Captaine ,(aſ we havealready ſhewedſ) and_ſo comming. neere thiſ trench, partly by.the voice, and partlyeby the ſanour and ſmellof the femialeſ.they.aredrawen into the trench 5then the Watch—men with all ſpeedg,, pull downe the bridge,; and.other ofthemgocinto the next Towneſ to call for—helpe, who vppon the fixſt. notice thercof, cometotheplace mountedvppon—thebeſtand ſtrongeſt.tame Elephatiteſ, andſoxom— paſſe them about , gining meate in their preſence to the tame,but beſiedging the incloſed, theykeepethem from allmeateand foode,—vnitill theybe ſo.weakened that chcy dareen— terinamong them, but in thiſ manner ; they turne, in their tamcfEleþfiames dnd goe vnder their bellyeſ, and {o when they come neere the Wilde Elephanteſ;. they ſpccdlly conuaye themſelueſ vnder hiſ bellye, andlay vnatoydable fetterſ ctſivpponſi their feete : then proucke,they thetame oneſ to. beate and. fight with the W ilde, who by reaſon of the manacleſ vpon theit feete, are eaſily. ouerthrowen . and fall to theground ; being on the ground, they put halterſ vpon their neckeſ made oftraw Oxe hideſ;and ſo bind them to the tameand domeſticallElephanteſ 5 And while they lye on the grounde,they get vppon them, and to the intent that theyr Ryderſ may be without daungþrſi of harmiexby them, they cut the Skinne of their neckeſ xoundabout in a eircleywith:a ſharpe ſ\,_ſig_r% and > & & t 49 50 Of the Elephant. — 203 and vpponthe worunde they tyeandfaſten a rope, that ſo the payne may conſtraine the Beaſt to be quiet, ſo that by thiſ they beginne to feele their owne weakeneſſe, and leaue off their wildeneſſe, betaking themſelueſ to the mercy of theirnew Maiſterſ. Being thuſ raiſed from the earth againe, and yoaked by the neckeſ andLeggeſ to the tamedElephantſ,they are ſafely led home into ſtableſ, where they are faſtened to great pillerſ by their neckeſ, and if they refuſe to eate their meate, with Tymbrelſ; Cimbalſ, Harpeſ, and othermuſicallinſtrumentſ, they are ſo entiſed fromſullen Wildenefle, that they forgertheir firſt natureſ ,and yeald allouing obedience to men,;aſ to their viGoriouſ conquerorſ and vnreſiſtable maiſterſ. 7 ſ yiot " 10 —{+ Theſebcaſteſ by their ſagacity and naturall inſtinG, do ſometime foreſeeghcirowne perill, and diſcouer thetraineſ andſecret intentionſ of the hunterſ, ſo aſ they cannot bee axthent , draweninto the divcheſ and foſſeſ by any allurementſ: but preſaging their owne miſtor tuneſ, turne backeagaine vpon their:hunterſ, euen through the middeſlt of them, and ſo . ſeeketoſlauethemſelueſ by flight,: oucrthrowing their enimieſ that dare approch vnto them Art whichtime there iſ afferce fight, to the great ſlaughter many timeſ both of menand beaſteſ ; for the men to ſtay hiſ flight, bend their ſpeareſ,and charge their dartſ and arroweſ, to ſtriketheElephant directly on the face, and if the beaſt perceine that he hath ouerthrowneany man, inſtagtly hee maketh to him, taketh him in: hiſ recth,liſting him vp into the aire, and caſting hinvdowne againe, and ſtampethvpon him, wounding 20 him manytimeſwithhiſ teethor horneſ;wherby he putteth him to cruell tormentſ,.and kaueth him not tillhebe dead: $ And when they inuade or ſet vpon aman, they ſpread forth their broad eateſ; (which are faſhioned like the Wingeſ of Oftricheſ) aſ theſaileſ of a ſhip, and drawing vp their trunk vnder their teeth,their noſeſ ſtand forch like the beake of ſome ſhip, & ſo ruſh they with vareſiſtableviolence vponthe weake bodieſof men, ouerturning theminno ether ſort, then a mighty great hulke or man of Warre, the—little Oateſ or Whirrieſ in the Sea. &f f And aſ the Trumpetſ in Warre give the ſigneſ of fighting, ſo do theſe ſend forthſuch terribleyelling and roaring clamorſ, aſ bringeth no meane aſtoniſhment tohiſ perſecu— 30 tourſ: beſide the lamentable and mournefull voyceſ of men, by them wounded and fal— Ten to the earth; ſome hauing their kneeſ and boneſ broken, other their cieſ trode out of their head, other their Noſeſ prefled flat to their faceſ, and their wholeviſageſ ſo diſh— gured and diſfauouted in a moment , that their neereſt friendſ,kindred, and acquaintance earinot knowethem . Theſe alſo fill the ſpatiouſ aire with direfull cryeſ, thatare heard a great way off, into the Towneſand cittieſ adioyning, hauing no other meaneſ to eſcape . out of the way, and from the teeth of the beaſt, except he ſtrike hiſtoorhintoſomeroot, and there it ſticke faſt vatill the poore oucrthrowen man can creepe aſide and ſaue him— ſelfe by flight. a In thiſ conflic, ſometime the Elephantſ, andſomtimeſ men are the conquerorſ.,by bringing vpon thebeaſtſ dinerſ terrourſ and manacleſ, out of which they' arenot very ca— fily delitiered: for menne alſo haue their trumpetſ; and ſo make the Woodeſ and fieldeſ ring with them , the ratling of their Armourand ſhieldeſ, and their owne howling and Whooping, kindling fireſ on the earth , caſting both fire—braundſ and burning Torcheſ into theface ofthe Elephant, by all which the huge beaſt iſ not a little diſgraced and ter— rified. So that being bereft of their witſ,they turne backand run into the diech which they ſo carefully au9yded before. Butiftheir rage proceede vndeterred,and men be forced to yeald vnto them forththey go into the woodſ,making the treeſ to bend vnto them aſ a dog or an Oxe doth the ſtand— ing corne at harueſt : breaking off their topſ and brancheſ, which hinder their courſe and 5"© flight, aſ another beaſt would crop offthe eareſ of corne 5 but where they are taller then the Woodſ;there they ſtraine enery ioyntand member inthem to get groundand oucr— , goe their Hunterſ ; which they may performe and attaine more caſily, becauſe oftheir cuſtomary aboad in thoſe placeſ : and when they are eſcaped out of theſight of their fol— lowetſ, and make account that they are freed from farther perſecution, then caſtthey of all feare, and compound their diſtraded ſenſeſinto a remembranceof meat, and ſo ga— ther 204 Strabo, Other waieſ of taking Elephantſ, Gillinſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ther their foodfrom Palineſ, T'reeſ or buſheſ ; afterward betaking themſelueſ to reſtand quiemeſſe. P SCREMT S inS 2 Nw f ſ & Bur iftheir Hunterſcomeagaine into their ſight, they alſo againe rake them rotheir heelſ; vntillthey haue gottenmore ground— from them,andthen theyreſtagaine and if the ſunne declyne, andlight of day faile the Hunterſ, and darkeneſſe make an end of the chaſe ; then doe they compaſſe in the beaſtſ way , andſerthe wood afire; (for Elephantſ feare fireaſ much aſ Lyonſ :) So that by all thiſ it appearerh , that the fabulouſ taleſ of Gubiniuſ the Roman writer of Elephantſ; arenot to bebelicuedſ when he affirmeth,that Elephantſ will fight againſtand reſiſt the violence of fire: : 0: The Trogloditſ hunt and take Elephantſ after anothermanner,for theyclimbe vp in. to thetrceſ; and there ſivtill the flockeſ of Elephanteſ paſſeby, and vppon thelaſt, the Watch—manſuddenly leapeth (with great courage)taking holdvpon hiſ taile and ſoffly— ding down to hiſ Leggeſ,and with a ſharpe Axe which hehath þangmg at hiſ backe cut— teththeNerueſ and ſinneweſ of hiſ Leggeſ with ſo great celerity, that the beaſt cannot turneabout torelieueit ſelfe, before ſhee be woundedand made vnableto revenge her harme,or prevent her taking.: and ſometimeſ ſhe fallech downe on the woundedſide, and Cruſheththe Hunter—watch—mantodeath, or elſe with her forcein runniog,daſbeth out hiſ braineſ againſta tree. . Pyl e The Elephahntcaterſ (called Elephantaphagi)doe obſerue the like pollicy , for by ſtealth and ſecretly they ſet vppon the hindmoſt, or elſethe wandring ſolitary Elephant, and cutre hiſ ſinneweſ, which cauſeth the beaſt to fall downe, whom preſently they beheade, andafterward they eate the hinder partſ of thiſ Beaſtſocaſt downe and taken. + Otheramong the aforeſaid Troglod)re, vſe amore caſic, cunving and leſſe perillouſ kind oftaking Elephantſ; for they ſet on the groundrvery ſtrong charged bent—boweſ, which are keptby manye of their ſtrongeſt young men, and ſo when the flockeſ of Ele— phantſ paſſe by;they ſhootetheir ſharp arroweſ dipped in the gallof Serpentſ, and wound fome oneofthem, and follow him y the blood;, vntill he be vnableto make reſiſtance, Therearethreeat euery bowe, two which holdit; and one that draweththe ſtring.. Other apgaine, watch the treeſ whereunto the beaſt leanethwhen heſleepeth, neere ſome Wa— ferſ, andtheſamethey cutte halfe aſunder, whereunto when hee declyneth hiſ bodye, 39 the Tree iſouerturned and the Beaſtalſo, and beeing vnabletoriſeagaine becauſe of the ſhort Nerueſand no flexionſ in hiſ Legſ, there he lyeth, cillthe Watch—man come and cut offhiſ head. » } — Ariſtotle deſcribeth another manner of taking Elephantſin thiſſorteſ The Hunter (ſaith hey getteth vp vpon a tamed Elephant, and followeth the Wilde one tillheehauc o— nertaken it, then commaundeth he the tame beaſtto ſtrike the other, and ſo. continueth chaſing and beating himtil he haue wearied him and broken hiſ vntameablenature. Then doth the rider leape vppon the weariedand tyred Elephant, and with a ſharpe pointed Sickle dothgonuernehimafter thetame one, and ſo in ſnort ſpace he groweth ganlc.And ſome ofthem when the ryder alightethfrom their backeſ , grow Wildeand fierce againe; 4 for which cauſe, they bindetheir foreleggeſwith ſtrong bandſ, and by thiſ meaneſ they take both great and ſinall, old and young oneſ; butaſ the old oneſ aremore wildeand ob— ſtinare, and ſo difficulttobe taken, ſo the younger keepe ſo much with the elder,that a like impoſſibility or difficulty interpoſeth it ſelfe from apprehending them. In the Caſp/anlake, thereare certaine fiſheſ (called Oxyrinch?) out of whom iſmade ſuch afirme glew, that it willnot be diſſolued inten daieſ after ithathtaken hold, for which cauſe they vſeit in thetaking of Elephantſ. There are in the Iſland Ze/4 many Elephantſ, whom they take on thiſ manner : In the Mountaineſ they make certaine cloyſterſ in the earth, hauing two great Treeſ ſtanding at the mouth of the cloyſterſ; and in thoſetreeſ they hang vp a great par—culliſ gate ,with— 5 inthar Cloyſter they placea tame female Elephant at the time of their vſuall copulati— on:the wildElephantſ doeſpeedily windeher, and make to her, and ſo at the Jaſt hauing found the way betwixt the two treeſ, enter into her 5ſometime twenty and ſometime thit— ty at a time : then are there two men in the ſaid tr eeſ , which cut the rope whereby the gate havgeth, ſoitfalleth downeand includeththe Elephantſ, where they ſuffer themalone for r» © Of the Elephant. * \) 2.05 for ſixe or ſeuen dateſ without meate, whereby they are ſo infeebled iand famiſhed, that they are not able to ſtand vpon their legſ. ſ — Thentwo or three ſtronge men'enter in amonge them, and with great ſtineſ and Clubbeſ, belabour and cudgell them, till by thatmeaneſ they growtame.,and gentle; and althoughan Elephant bea monſter—great—beaſtand very ſabrill, yet by theſe and ſuch like meaneſ do the inhabitantſ of Znd#a and Aethiopia take many of them, witha very ſmallla— bour, to their great aduantage. . —— Againſt theſe ſlightſ of men, may be oppoſedthe ſubtill and cautelouſ euaſionſ of The ſablilty the beaſt, auoyding allthefoot—ſtepſ of men, if they ſmellthem vpon any herbe or leafe, of Elephantſ ro and for their fight withthe Hunterſ, they obſerue, thiſ order . Firſt ofall, they ſet them ſi;ſi%ſiſi'ctſſf;hffl foremoſt which haue the beſt teeth, that ſo they may notbeafraid of Combat, and when 6 they areweary, by breaking downe of treeſ they eſcape and fly away. But for their Hun— ting, they know that they are nothunted in Z2d% for no other caule, then for theirteeth, and therefore to diſcourage the hunterſ, they ſet them which haue the worſt teeth be— fore, aud reſerue the ſtrongeſt for the ſecondencounter : for theirwiſedome or naturall diſcretion iſ heerein to be admired, that they will ſo diſpoſe themſelueſ in all their bat— taileſ when they arein chaſe, that euer they fight by courſe, and incloſe the youngeſt from perill, ſo thatlying vnder the belly of their Dammeſ they can ſcarce beſeene : and whenone of them flyeth they all flye away, to theirvſuall reſting placeſ, ſtryuing which 26 of themſhallgoc foremoſt : And if it at any time they come to a wide and deepe Ditch, which they cannor paſſe ouer without a bridge , then one of them deſcendeth , and goeth downe into the Ditch, and ſtandeth tranſuerſe or Crofſe the ſame , by hiſ great bodyefilling vppe the empty parteſ , and the reſidue paſſe ouer vpon hiſ backe aſ vpon a bridge. d %\ftcrward when they are all ouer, they tarry and belpe their felloweout of the Ditchor Trench againe, by thiſſlight or deuiſe 3 one of them putteth downe to himhiſ Legge,and the other in the Ditch windeth hiſ trunke about the ſame, the reſidue ſtan— derſ by caſt in bundelſ of Sprigſ with their moutheſ , whichtheElephant warily and . ſpeedily putteth vader hiſ feete, and ſo raiſethhimſelfe out of the Trench againe, and de— 7'_5/'4"'*" go partethwith hiſ felloweſ. P;:;:Z Butifthey fall in and cannor finde any helpe or meaneſ to come forth, they laye aſide their naturall Wilde diſpoſition, and are contented to take meate anddrinkeatthe handeſ of men, whoſe preſence before they abhorred ; and being delinered they thinke no more vpontheir former condition, but in forgetfulneſſe thereof,remaine obedient to their delivererſ. V Being thuſ taken aſ it hath beeneſaid, it iſ alſo expedient to expreſſe by whavArt and meaneſ they are Cicurated.and tamed. Firſt of all therefore when they are taken, they The art of tſ are faſtened to ſome Tree or Piller in the earth, ſo aſ they can neyther kicke backeward ming elepha. nor Leape forwarde, and there hunger, thirſt, and famine, liketwoo moſt ſtrongeand e EMANHS forcible Ryderſ abate their naturall wildeneſſe, ſtrength, feare, and harred of men : Af. terward when their keeperſ perceiue by their deiedion of minde, that they beginneto bemollifiedandaltered, then they give vnto them meate out of their handſ, vpon whom the beaſt doth caſta farre more fauorable and checrefull eic, conſidering their owne bondage, and ſo arthelaſtneceſſity frameth them vnto acontenced and tradQable courſe andinclination. | But the 2p//amſ by gteatJabour and induſtry take their young Calueſ at their Wate— ring placeſ, and ſo leade them' away , intiſing them by many allurementeſ of meate to lo_uc and obey them, ſoaſ they:grow to vnderſtand the Indianlanguage ,but the elder 7n— dianElephantſdoe very hardlyand fildome grow tame, becauſe of their remembrance o of thcirformer liberty; byany bandſ and oppreſſion; neuertheletſe by inftrumentallmuc ſicke, ioyned with ſome of their coutrey ſongſ and dittieſ,they—abate their herceneſſeand bring downe theirhighÞntraQable tomackſ, fo aſ without all bandſ they remiaine quiet, peaceableund obedient, taking their mieate whichiſlayed before them. ! "Pliny arid Solinnſ preſcribethe 1wnyce of Barly to be ginen to them for their mitificati— on, wheretuntoalſoagrecth Djoſcey2deſ (calling that kind of drinke Zyrh@ſ) and chc;l reaſor} T cereo 206 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. heereofiſ, bycauſe of't the tarte ſharpneffi: in barly water ifit ſtanda Iittlc_ while ; and t'ſ}cſ. fore alſo they preſcribe vineger and aſheſ to ruþ the beaſtſ mouth, for 1tſſhath powerinit topierce ſtoneſ,al ſharp thingſ penitrate deepe into hiſ fleſh,,and alter hiſ nature: the in— Plug#ce _nention whereofiſ attributed to Depporrituſ. ſ > Being thuſtamed they grow into ciuilland _ſam 1119.r_v ſeſ, for Ccteſhr_aſccnded into the Capitallbetwixt foure hundred Elephantſ, carring at either ſide b_ummg Torcheſ, and Heltogobaluſ brought foure Waggonſ drawne with Elephanteſ in/a/icapu@, and men Phileſtratmuſ commontly ride vpon them, for Apolloniuſ ſawme neeretheRyuer induſ, a Boy of thirtcen yeareoldryding alonevponan Elephant, ſpurring and pricking him aſ freely aſ any man will do a leane Horſle. ) a ® "The takina They aretaughtto bend one of their hinderleggeſrto take vp their Ryder, whoalſo vp ot theirſi— muſtreccine helpe fromſome other prcſcntſſſhndcrs by , or elſe it iſ 1mp9(ſib]e to mount derſ, on thebackeoffo high a palftey . They which arenot accuſtom_ccſſl to ride vppon theſe beaſteſ, are affected with vomiting and caſting , like men when they firſt of all take the zctſi;ſſomſiſſſict' Sea . (They areruled withoutbridle orraineſ,; onely by a long crooked piece of Wood, t bending like a Sickle, and nayled with ſharpe Nayleſ; no man canſitte more ſafely and Nearch:;: more ſoftly vppona Horſſe or Mule then they doe which Ryde vppon the Elephantſ, Strabo. _ The Imdianſ withtheirleſſer Elephanteſ (which they callbaſtard Elephanteſ) plow their Elephantſ for oround and corne. "eplowe: —"_ 'The common price of Elephanteſ iſ at theleaſt fiue hundred Nobleſ, andſome— 10 The price of timeſ two thouſand. The 72d/an Women are moſt chaſtand continent, yet for an Ele— bleniatcſ phantthey take a great prideto be hired for W hooreſ, forthey imagine that thefame and receined oppinyon of their beautye, doeth connteruayle and couer the ſhame— fullloſſe of their honeſty ( aſ Arr/amuſ wryteth in hiſ booke of Indiamſ.) Sincethetime that Elephantſ haue been tamed, their natureſ & diſpoſitionſ have beene the better obſecrued and diſcouered; for they willingly obey their keeperſ; lear— Thriobe.d* ning all feateſ of Armeſ, to take vp ſtoneſ and caſt them, and to ſwimme ; ſo that Stzabo ence and trac + rable gentic— affitmeth,there waſ no poſſeſſion or wealth comparable to a chariotor VVaggon of Ele— o 0 neſle. phantſ. | dao | Mntianuſ which waſ thrice Conſull affirmed to P/2»»7, that heſaw an Elephantwhich 30 Play, learned the Greeke letterſ , and waſ able with hiſ tongue to Write theſe wordeſ. Antoſe— T herlear— go0 Tadegrap/a laphurate kelt'anetheca 5 that iſ , I Wrote theſe thingeſ and dedicated the ning in lifeſ Copricapſpoylſ: but in theſe actionſ of Writing, the hand of the teacher muſtbe alſo preſent to teach him how to frame the Letterſ , and then aſ Ac//apm ſayeth they will Wryte vppon Tableſ, and followe the true proportion of the Characerſ expreſſed before their face , whereupon they looke aſ attentively aſ any Grempeazian . — In Ipdia t{zey are taught many ſporteſ,aſ to Daunce and Leape, which cauſed Mar#i/all to Wryte thuſ 5 Turpeſ eſſeda quoed tralunt biſonteſ : Et molleſ dare iuſſa quod chare aſ o 4 Nigro belluanillegat magiſtro Quiſ ſpeitaculanon putet deorum. When the Prizeſ of Germaxicuſ Geſar were playedſ there were many Elephanteſ which acted ſtrange feateſ or parteſ, foure of them went vppon Ropeſ and ouer. the. Tableſ of meate, where on they ſet their feete ſo warily that they neuer touched any of the gheſtſ, the boardeſ or ſtanding Cuppeſ being fully furniſhed.. And alto they learned to daunce after. Pipeſ by meaſure, ſometime Dauncing ſoftly , and fometime apace., and then againe leaping vpright, according to thenumber of the thing ſung or played vpon the in— ſtrument.: and they are apt to learne,remember, meditate, and conceiue ſiuch thingſ, aſ & 1 man can hardly performe. i y +& | E ahorynt,tolot Theirinduſtriouſ care to performe the thingeſ they are taught, appeareth heere— in, bycauſe when theyareſecret and aloneby themielueſ, they will practiſeleaping,dam—; cing and other ſtrange featſ, which they could not learnſuddenly in the preſerice.ofthci® maiſterſ (aſ Pliny afirmeth) for certainetruth of an Elephant which waſ dulland hard of, vn— Of the Elephant. 207 vnderſtanding, hiſkeeper found him in thenight pradiſing thoſe thingeſ which hee had taughthim with many ſtripeſ the day before,and cold not preuaile by reaſon of thebeaſtſ flow conceit. Their waſ an Elephant playing vpon a Cymball, and otherſ ofhiſfelloweſ dauncing Plyrarch. about him, for there waſ faſtened to either of both of hiſ forelegſ one Cymball, and an— otherhangedto hiſ trunke ,the beaſt would obſerve inſttime, and ſtrike vppon one, and then the other, to the admiration of all the beholderſ. There waſ a certaine bangquet pre— pared for Elephantſ vpon a low bed ina palour ſet with dinerſ diſheſ and poiſ of Wine, whereinto were admitted twelue, ſixe maleſ, apparelled likemen and ſixefemaleſ appa— ro relledlike women : when they ſaw it, they ſat downewith great mc!dcſry,mking heere and therelike diſcreet temperatgheſtſ, neither rauening vppon one diſh or other, and when theyſhould drinke,they tooke the cup receiuing in the liquor very manerly,andfor ſport &feſtiuity wouldthrough their trunkſ ſquirt or caſt a litle of their drink vpontheir atten— a t dantſ 5 ſo that thiſ beaſt iſ not onely of #n admirable greatneſ butofa more wonderful <** WW meakeneſſe and docibility, 5 Ariloth. They are ſaid to diſeerne betwixt kingſ and common perſonſ, for they adore and erat . bend vnto them, poyntingto their Crowneſ, which cauſed M@/#/all to VVrite thiſ Te— phantſ to #raftichonſ & _ Kingſ. Quid pinſ & ſupplex elephaſ te Caſar ador aſ ſ 20 ANeon facit hoe mffu.ſ, nullogue docente magiſtra Hicmodo qui tauro tam metuenduſ erat Crede mihi numen ſentit & ille tunm. The King of Zediayſ waſ watched with foure and twenty Elephantſ, who were taught anect to forbeareſleepe, and to come in their turneſ at certaine houreſ, and ſo were they moſt Ziephſims, faithfull, carefulland inuincible . And aſ there be ofthem three kindeſ, the Paluſtrianſ or Mariſhye Elephanteſ are hare—brained and inconſtant, the Elephanteſ of the Moun— taineſ are ſubtilland euillnatured, lying in waite to deſtroy and deuoure, butthe Cam— peſtriall Elephantſ are meeke, Gentle, Docible, and apt to imitate men . In theſe iſ the 30 vnderſtanding of their country language, of obedience to Princeſ, gouernment, and of=, ficeſ5 the loue and pleaſure of glory and praiſe: and alſo that which iſnot alway in men ſ namely, equity, wiſedome, and probity. They haue alſo a kinde of Religion, for they worſhippe, renerence, and obſerue the courſe of the Sunine, Moone, and Starreſ; for when the Moone ſhineth, they goe to the Waterſ wherein ſhe iſ apparant, and when the Sunne ariſeth,they ſaluteand reue— rence her face : and it iſ obſcrued in ##h/epia, that when the Mooneiſchaunged vniill her primeand appearance, theſe Beaſteſ by aſectetmotion of nature,take bougheſ from P/ry. of the treeſ they feede vpon , and firſt of alllift them vp to heauen, and then looke vppoyn, Sobaſ. the Moone, which they doe, many timeſ together ; aſ it were in ſupplication to her . In . o like manner they reucrence the Sunneryſing, holding vp theirtrunke or hand to heauen, 4 in congratulation of her riſing. 3 5£bno Inba waſ woont toſay, that thiſ beaſt waſ acceptable to thoſe Godſ which tuled Sea and Land, bycauſe of their reucrence to Sunne and Moone,,and therefore P4010@#E45 Plophantſ a= . Philopator, offered foure Elephantſ in a—ſactifice ( to recouerthe quierneſſe of hiſ mind) crifiſed and thinking that the Godſ would haue beene well pleaſed therewith, but fin ding that hiſ xfj:{ſſ?iſi';ct tearefulldreameſ and viſionſ departed not from him, but rather hiſ diſquiemneſſeinerca— ſed, fearing that the Godſ were angry with him for thataction he made foure Elephantſ . L/ame. of brafiſt, and dedicatedthemto theſun, that ſo by thiſ deede he might purchaſe pardon:P/arerch fortbeformer offence. E ( Thiſreligionof theirſ, alſo appeareth before their death , for whentbey feeleany mor— tall woundeſ, or other naturall ſigneſ of their later end, either they take vp the duſt,or elſeſome greene herbe, and lift it vp to heauen in token of their innocency and implorati— P##gſ. on oftheir owne weakeneſ :and in like manner do they when they eate any herbe by na— Alinunſ tural inſtinX to cure their diſeaſeſ : firſt they lift it vp to the heauenſ(aſ it were to pray for a devinebleſſing vpon it) and themdenoureit. T 2 I3 The religion of elephantſ, 50 Tiaetzeſ, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Icannot omic their care, to bury and coner the dead carkaſeſ of their companionſ, or a — Tretzer: . ny other of cheir kind; for finding them dead they paſſe not by them till they bave lamen— ted their common miſery,, by caſting duſtand earchon them, and alſo greene bougheſ, ijn token of ſacrifice, holding it execrable to doe otherwiſe : and they know by a naturall inſtina. fome aſſured fore—tokenſ ofthecir owne death. Beſideſ when they waxe oldand vofit to gather thcir owne meate, or fight for themſelueſ the younger of t_hcm feednou— tiſh, and defendthem, yea they raiſe them out of Ditcheſ and trencheſ into which they are fallen, exemptingthem from alllabour and perill, and interpoſing their owne bodieſ fortheir protecdtion : neither do they forlake them in ſickn;ſſe, or in their. V—VOLlnſſd'CS)bu.t 5 ſtand to them, pulling Dartſ out of their bodieſ, and helping both hkcſi Skilfull Chirurgi— — anſ to cure their woundeſ, and alſo like faithfull friendeſ to ſupply their wantſ. Againe how much they loue their young which iſ a naturall part of religion we haue ſhewed before. Aptipater 1'uppoſcch thatthey have a kinde of' dxuinagon or divuine vader— pHouſ, _ſtanding of law and equity for when Kmglm/zw, had condemned thirty mento be torne Tharcyader— and trod in pieceſ by Elephantſ, and tying them hand and footeto blockſ or pieceſ of ffſi},;']f;ſifſizfm Wood , caſtthem among thirty Elephantſ, hiſ ſeruantſ and o_fficcrs_could not by altheir equity wityſkilor prouccation, make the beaſtſtouch one of' cþcm : ſo that it waſ apparant, they ſcorned and diſdained tolſerue any manſ cruell diſpoſition, or to be the miniſterſ of tyra— Ref ny and murther. They moreouer hauenot onely an obſeruation of chaſtity among them— Tſſi;ſi:ffi:;ſigct ſelueſ, but alſo are, reuengerſ of whoredome and adultererſ inother, aſ may appeare by 29 of adulteryeſ theſe exampleſ inHiſtory. byblephontſ A certaineElephantſeeing hiſ Maiſter abſent, and another man in bedde with hiſ Miſtreſſe, he went vnto the bed and ſlew themboth. The like waſ done at Rome where the Elephant having ſlaine both the adulterer and adultereſſe, he couered them with the bed clotheſ vntill hiſ keeper returned home, and then by ſigneſ drew him into hiſ lodging place, where he vncouered the adultererſ, and ſhewed him hiſ bloody tooth that tooke reuenge vpon them both for ſuch a villany : whereat the maiſter wondering,waſ the more pacified becauſe of the manifeſt—committed iniquity . And not onely thuſ dealethey a— gainſt the Woman, but they alſo ſpare not to revenge the adultery of men, yea oftheir ownehkeeper : for there waſ a rich man which had married a Wifenot very amiable or loucly, but like himſelfe for wealth, richeſ , and poſſeſſionſ, which he hauing gained firſt of all ſet hiſ heart to loye another, more fitting hiſ luſtfullfancye, and being deſirouſ to marry her, ſtrangled hiſrich il—fauored Wife, and buried her not farre from the Ele— phantſ ſtable, and ſo married with the orher, and brought her home to hiſ houſe : the Elephant abhorring ſuch deteſtable murther, brought the new married Wife to the place vhere the other waſ buried ; and with hiſ teeth digged vppe the ground and ſhew— edher thenaked bodye of her predeceflour, intymating therby vnto her ſecretly , how vnworthely ſhe had married with a man, murtherer of hiſ former wife. \ 'Their loue and concord with all mankind iſ moſt notoriouſ, eſpecially to their kee— Z;ſſiſilſiſſfſiz _ petſ and Women: for ifthrough wrath they be incenſed againſt theirkeeperſ, they kill 40 perſ and all them, and afterwarde by way of repentance, they conſume themſelueſ with mourning: uae ſſch:k:em And for the manitfeſting of thiſ point Aryianuſ telleth a notable ſtory of an Zadiam, who wiy hadbroughtvpfrom a Foalea white Elephant, both loning it and being beloued of ita— gaine, he waſ thereupon carried with great admiration . The king hearing of thiſ White Elephant,ſent vato the man for it, requiring it to be given him for a preſent, whereat the man waſ much grieued, that another man ſhould poflefſe that which he hadſo ten— derly educated and loued, fitting him to hiſ bowe and purpoſeſ , and therefore like2 ryuall in hiſ Elephantſ loue, reſolued to deny the king, and to ſhift for himſelfe infome otherplace : whereupon he fled intoa defert region with hiſ Elephant, and the king vn— derſtanding thereof, grew offended with him ,ſent meſſengerſ after him to take away the 5" Elephant, and withall to bring the man backe againe, to receine puniſhmentfor hiſcon— tempt. When they came to the place where he remained and began to take order for their apprehenſion, the man aſcended into a ſteepe place andthere kept the kingſ meſſengerſ off from him by caſting of ſtoneſ, and ſo alſo did the beaſt like aſone that had recemed i ſome 10 0 J iſ 0 we Of the Elephant. 209 ſome iniury by them, atlaſt, they got neare the Indian & caſt him down,but the Eleph. made vpon them;killing ſomeofthem, and defending hiſ maiſter and nouriſher, put the reſidue to flight, and then taking vp hiſ maiſter with hiſ trunke carried him ſafe into hiſ lodging,which thing iſ worthy to be remembred aſ a noble vaderſtanding partboth of a louing friend and faithfull ſeruant. t The like may be ſaid of the Elephant of Porwſ, carrying hiſ wounded maiſterthe king in the battel he foughtwith Alexander, for the beaſt drew the Dartſ gently out of hiſ mar_.. ſterſ body without all paine, and did not caſthim vatill he perceined him ro be dead and without blood and breath, and then did firſtofall bend hiſ owne body aſ neare the earth 1o aſ he could,that if hiſ maiſter had any'lifeleft in him, he might not receivue any harme in hiſ alighting or falling downe.Generally aſ iſ already ſaid they loue all menafter they be tamed,for if they meet a man erring out of hiſ way they gently bring him into the right a— Thei tlonerſ gaine, yet being wilde are they afraide of the foot—ſtepſ of men if they winde their trea= their keeperſ dingſ before they ſeetheir perſonſ ,and when theyfind an herbethar yeeldeth a ſuſpition :}TZ Llſi*:'ſſſi\: of a manſ preſence, they ſmellthereunto one by one, and if al agree in one ſauour,the laſt themnov, beaſlifreth vppe hiſ voice and crieth out for a token and watchword to make them all flie away. A Crcero afirmeth that they come ſo neate to a manſ diſpoſition, that theitſimall company or Nation ſeemeth to ouergoe or equall moſt men in ſence and vnderſtan— 20 ding. t At the ſight of a beainifull woman they leaue offall rageand grow meeke and gentle, Eeelenine andtherefore Aeltaxmſ ſaith , that there waſ an Elephant in E gyprwhich waſ in loue with Eſi.ctfſſſſfifl we awomanthatſold Corralſ, the ſelfe: ſame womanwaſ wooed by Ariſtophaneſ, and there— men. foreit waſ not lkely thatſhe waſ choſenby the Elephant without ſingularadmiration of hir beauty , whercin A7//ophaneſ might ſay aſ never man could, thathe hadan Elephant for hiſ riuall, and thiſalſo didtheElephantmanifeſtvnto the man.;for on a day in the mar— \) ket he brought her certaine Appleſ and put them into her boſome, holding hiſ Trunke a Plugarch greatwhile therein, handling.and playing with her breſtſ. Another likewiſeloned a Syrian woman, with whoſeaſpe& he waſ ſuddainely taken , and in admiration of herface ſtroked 30 the ſame withhiſ trunke, withteſtification of farther louc : the woman likewiſe failednot toframefor the Elephant amorouſ devuiſeſ withBeadſ and coralſ,filuer and ſuch thingſ aſ are gratefull to theſe brute beaſteſ, ſo ſhee enioyed hiſ labor and diligenceto her great profit, and he hir loue andkindneſ without al offeace to hiſ content ment, whichcauſed Horat. to write thiſ verſe: \ Quid tibi viſ mulier nigriſ digniſſima barriſ.. Atlaſt, the woman died, whom the Elephant miſſing, like a loner diſtraded betwixtloue andſorrow fell beſide himſelfe and ſo.periſhed.Neither oughtany man to maruelarſuch apaſſion in thiſ beaſt, who hath ſuch a memory aſ iſ attributed vnto him ,and vnderſtan— ding of hiſ charge and buſineſ aſ may appeare by manifold exampleſ,for Antipater aftic= meth that he ſaw an Elephant that knewe againe and tooke acquaintance of hiſ maiſter which had nouriſhed him in hiſ youth; after many yeareſ abſence. When they archurt by any man, they ſeldome fotget a reuenge, andſo alfo they re— meber on the contrary torecompenice al benefitſaſit hath bin manifeſted already.They Theirreuege obſeruethingſdone both in waightand meaſure, eſpecially in thcitrowne/meate. Agzon g;?ſſz*t@; 35 writeth that an Elephantwaſ kept in a greatmanſ houſe in Syria, hauing a/manappointed 0; t(hrſi o nelnte to bee hiſ querſeer, who did daily: defraude the Beaſt of hiſ allowance : but on aday aſ of their meat hiſ maiſterlooked on, he brought the whole meaſure and gaueitto.him: the Beaſt ſecing the ſame, and remembring howe he had ſerued him in timeſ paſt, in the prefence: of hiſ maiſter exactly deyidedthe.corne into two partſ, and ſo laied one of them aſide: by thiſ faC ſnewing the fraud of the ſeruant to hiſ maiſter. 'Thelike ſtoric iſ: related by Plyzarch and Ac/ianmzſ {ofanother Elephant, diſcoucring to hiſ maſter the falſhoodandpriuy theſt ofanvniuſtſeruant. a rien t het &f e Ao—About 40 210 The Hiſtor»y of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Sryabo Aboutzycha in Affricke there are certaine ſpringſ of water, which if at any time they dry vp, by the teeth ofElephantſ they are openedand recouered againe. They are moſt gentleand meeke, neuerfighting or ſtriking man or Beaſt, excepr they be prouokcc.l, and then being angred they wiltake vp a man in their trunke and caſt him into the ayre like an Gillint, Arrow, 10 aſ many timeſ he iſ dead betore him come to ground. P/ararch afirmeth, that in Rome a boy pricking the trunke of an Elephant with a goad, the beaſt caught him, and lifehim vp into the airſ to ſhoore himaway andkill him : but the people and ſtanderſ by ſecing it, made ſo greatanoiſeand crycthereat, that the beaſt ſet him downe again faire and ſoftly without any barme to him at all ; aſ if he thoughtitſufficient tohaue put him in ſeare of ſuch a death. 5 ſ Cilipſ, TIn the night time they ſeemeto lament with ſigheſ and reareſ their captivity and bon— Philoſtratuſ» dage, but if?my cometo that ſpeede,like vato modeſt perſonſ chey refraine ſuddenly,and Theirmour— are aſthamed to be found either murmuring or ſorrowing. Thc_y line a long age, euen.to ningin ſeerct 200, or 300. yeareſ, if fickneſ or woundeſ prenent not theirlife :and ſome but to a 120. ?ffi :ſſſ;ſſh yeareſ 5 they areintheir beſt ſtrength of body at threeſcore, forthen beginneth their of their life. y()l.l\h- & Arrianuſ Imbaking of Lybia writetb, that he hathſeene tame Elephanteſ which have deſcended from the father to the ſonne, (by way of inheritance) many generationſ : & that Pt#olome— Ackanuſ, 1 Philadelphuſ had an Elephant, which continued aline many Ageſ, and another of Sc— lenchuſ Nicanor ,which remained aliue to the laſtouerthrow of all the Apziachi. —— The inbabitantſ of Taxz/e in India affirme,cthatthey hadan Elephant at the leaſt three ſ hundred and fifty yeareſ old ; for they ſaidit waſ the ſame that fought ſo faithfully with Alexander for king Pormſ for which cauſe Alexander cald him Alax,& did afterwarddedi— cate him to the Sunne, and put certaine golden chaineſ about hiſ teeth, with thiſ inſ{crip— tion vpon them: Alexander filiuſ Iouiſ Aracem ſali : Alexander the ſonne of Inpiter, con— ſecrateththiſ Afax to the Sumze. Thelike ſtory iſ related by Z4bſ, concerning the age ofan Elephant, which had the imprcſſion of a Tower on hiſ teeth and waſ taken in A#/@ſ 400. yeareſ after the ſame waſ engrauen. ;ſſ ef:ſi;ſiſitfſiſiffls Thereare certaine people in the world which eate Elephantſ, and are therefore called Swabo,. of the Nomadeſ ( Elephantophagi) Elephant—eaterſ, aſ iſ alreadye declared: there areof theſe which dwellin Deraba, neerethe wood Exmeneſ, beyond the citty Sabſ, wherethere iſ aplace (called the bunting of Elephantſ. The Tr2g/odjre linealſo heereupon,the peo— Pliny. ple of Affricke cald Aſache, whichliue in Mountainſ,do likwiſe eat the fleſh of Elephantſ, Solinuſ andthe Ad/abare or Megabari. The Nomadeſ haue Cittieſ running vpon Charriotſ, and the people next vnto their Territory, cut Elephanteſ in peeceſ, and both ſelland eat them. Dutſ tormmbient. Some vſethe hard fleſh of thebacke, and other commend aboue all the delicateſ of the world the reineſ of the Elephantſ,ſo that it iſ a wonder that Ac/iaz» would write,that there waſ nothing inan Elephant good for meat exceprt the trunke, the lipſ and the mar— row of hiſ horneſ, or teeth. The ſkin ofthiſ Beaſt iſ exceeding hard, not to be pierced by any dart whereupon came the prouerbeCulicew haſd curat Elephaſ Indicuſ , the Indiau Elephant carethnot for the biting of a Gnat, toſignifie, aſufficient ability to refiſt all e— vill, and that Noble mindſ muſtnot reuvengeſmalliniurieſ. The difeateſ It camotbe butin ſuch buge and vaſt bodieſ there ſhouldalſo be nouriſhedſome di— Xſſ:lſtct:*tſizm- feaſeſ, and that many (aſ Strabo{aith) wherefore firſt of all ther iſ no creatur in the world auy . he able to endurecold or winter, for their impatiency of cold bringeth inflamation. Al— Solinaſ ſo in Summer, whenthe fſame iſ hoteſt, they coole one another by caſting durty and fil— thy water vpon eachother,or elle run into the rougheſtwoodſ of greateſtſhadow.Ithath bin ſhewed already thatthey denuour Chamzlconſ, andthereof periſh, except they eat a wilde Olive. Whenthey ſuffer inflamation and are bound in the bellie,cither black wine or nothing will cure them. When they drinke a Leachthey are greeuouſly pained :for their woundſ by dartſ or otherwiſe , they are cured by ſwineſ fleſh, or Dittanie, or by Oile, or by the flower of the Olive. They fall mad ſometime, for which I knoweno other curebuttotye themvppefaſt in yron chaineſ. Whenthey are tired for want of ſleepe they are recoue— red 1G 26 30 40 2 3 & 0 \Of the E[e@e. red by rubbing their ſhoulderſ with ſalt, Oile and water. Coweſ milke warmed and infu— ſed into their cieſ, cureth all euilſ in them, andthey prefently like reaſonable men ac— knowledge the benefit of the medicine. o Themedicinallvertueſ in thiſ beaſt are by Authourſ obſerued to be theſe: The blood of an Elephant and the aſheſ of a Weaſill, cure the great Leprofic : and theſazmeblood iſ profitable agaioſt all Rhewmaticke fluxeſ and the Sciaricſ. The fleſh dryed and cold,or heauy fatand cold iſ abhominable:for if it be ſod and ſt:eped in vineger withfennel—ſeede, andgiuen to a Woman with child ,it makethher preſently ſuffer abortement. Butif a man taſtthereof ſalted and ſteeped with the ſeede atorefaide, it cureth an old cough . The fatre iſ a good Antidote either by oyntment or perfume: it curethallo the payne in the head.> The Inory or tooth iſ cold and dry in the firſt degree, and the whole ſubſtance thereof Corroborateth the hart and helpeth conception ;it iſ often adulterated by fiſheſ and Doggeſ boneſ burnc, and by White marble. There iſ a Sppdig»ſ made of luory in thiſ manner. Take a pound of Iuory cut into pieceſ ,and put into a raw new earthen pot, coue— ring & glewing the couer witchlomeround about,and ſo let it burne til the pot be thrugh— ly hardened : afterward take off the potand beate your Iuory into ſimall powder , and be— ing ſo beaten , ſiftit, then put it into a glaſſe and poure vpon it two pound of diſtilled rofe Water, andlet it dry . Thirdly beateit vato powder againe, and ſift it the ſecond time , and put into itagaine ſo much roſe water aſ at the firſt, then let it dry , and put thereunto> aſ much Camphire aſ willlyc vponthree or foure ſingle Groatſ, and worke italtogether vpon a marble ſtone intolittle Cakeſ, and ſo lay them vp where the ayre may not corrupt and alter them . The vertue heereof iſ very pretiouſ againſt ſpittyng of bloode , and the bloody—flixe, and alſo itiſ ginen for refrigeration without daunger of byndinge or aſtricion. a After a man iſ delivered from the lethargye, peſtilence, or ſudden forgetfulneſſe, let him be purgedand take the powder of luory and Hiera Ruffi, drunke out of ſweete wa— Ster? Thiſ powder with Hony atticke, taketh away the ſporteſ in the face: the ſamewith 9 49 wilde mintſ drunk with water, reſiſtethand auoydeth the Leproſic at the beginning. The powder of Iuory burnt and drunke with Goateſ blood, doeth wonderfully cure all the payneſ, and expell thelittle ſtoneſ in the rayneſ and bla dder : Combeſ made of lIuory aremoſt wholſome, the touching of the trunke cureththe headache : The liner iſ profita— bleagainſtthe falling cuil,che ſame vertue hath the gall (if he have any) againſt the falling, euill. The fime by annointing, cureth a lowſie Skin and taketh away that power which breed— eththeſe vermine : the ſame perfumed eaſeth Agueſ, helpeth a womian in trauaile, and driveth gnatſ or marſh—flyeſ out of a houſe. OF THE ELKE. StheElephantlaſt handled could notliuein any countrey of the world butin the whot Efterne, and Sowtherne Regionſ, {o the Elke on the contrary iſ moſt imparient of allheate, and keepeth not but in the Northerne and cold contrieſ : for Po— lonia and the countrieſ vnder that clymate will not preſerue an Elkealine, aſ ithath bynoften tryed by experience : for xhich cauſe, they are not found but in the colder Northerne regionſ ; aſ Ruſſtſ, Pruſſia, Hungaria, and Illiria, in the wood Hercynia, and among the Boruſan—S>)thianſ, but moſt plen— tifully in Scardizania; (which Pauſaniaſ calleth the Celteſ \for allthe auncientſ called the Kingdomeſ of Germany and the North, Celtarnin Regioneſ. Countryeſ inhabited by the Celkſ. . Thiſ beaſtiſcalled in Greeke A/ke, and in Latine Aleſ, or Alee, which waſ a name of one of AZF@onſ Doggeſ in Owid: the Turkeſ, Valachianſ,the Hungarianſ, a/wſ, the Illiri— anſ 21 1 The medi— cineſ in Ele= pl}ancs.ſſſi.. Marcelluſ I) ſtdoſ*z/! ſ Raliſ Albertaa — The place of their abode. Bonaruſ baro Balizce. Countrieſ breeding Eliceſ: The name of. thiſ beaſt, 21 An Elke t ſame that Machliſ: ofl | oy Eed \ 7__—_—— 27 FEE * . The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. T he figure of the Elke with horneſ. anſ and: Polonianſ Loſ, in the ſingular, and plurally Zoſ@e, for many Elkeſ: Alberramſ Mag— »uſ calleth it Alcheſand Aloy, and afterward Equicernuſ a Horſie—Hart.. . The Germanſ, Elch, Ellend, and Elent, by ametitheſiſ of Alke,or Alte "andfor my part,I takeit to be the P* famebeaſtwhich Pliyy calleth Much/#, for there iſ nothing attributed to an Elke whichal— ſo dothnot belong to Adachliſ. T he Elke without horneſ . 5 . — 5 2 \NS — f_ſ- Tt f————— 22 ffi;ſi\ ſſ 72 fff—n—— (——__—iA .3 7 e Lulhi\ 7 5 e) hi—— —= 2 j———> '-*ct"*'v* *4*':' /, \\-,'-'—_-:T Se E} >= er oanitcſ Set W w FFu a a Of the Elke. 213 Ifindnotany voteconcileabledifferenceamong authourſ concerning thiſ beaſt, ex— — cept in Ceſ/ar lib. 6. of hiſ Commentarieſ, who by the relation of other (not by hiſ owne Ezgſiſſ'ſi; ff;f ſight) writeththatthereare Elkc_s in the Hercynian wood, like vnto Goatſ in their ſpotted an Elke, Skinſ, who haue no horneſ, nor ſoyntſ in their legſ to bend withall, but ſleepe by leaning vnto treeſ like Elephantſ, becauſe when they are downe on the ground they can never riſeagaine.But the truth iſ, that they arelike to Roeſ or Harteſ, becauſe Goateſ haue no ſpotted Skinſ, but Deere haue, and there may eaſily be a flip fromCapreſ a Roe, to Capra a Goat:and Ceſar himſelfe confeſſeth, that the ſimilitude iſ in their ſpotted ſkinſ, which are not competible in Goatſ but in Roeſ. to0 Andwhereaſ he writeth that they hane no Hornſ,the error of thiſ relator may be thiſ, thateytherhehad onely ſeene a young one before the horneſ came forth, or elſe an old one,thathad lately loſthiſ horneſ; and by thiſ Huppoſe thatthe authoritie of Ce/a7 iſ ſu — fficiently anſwered , ſo aſ we may proceed to thedeſcription of thiſ beaſt collected out of . the auncient writerſ, Paw/ani@ſ; Vopiſewſ,Ceſar and Solinuſ,Pliny and the later writerſ con— ſenting with them in all thingeſ, (excepting Caſ/ar inthe two thingſaforeſaid. ) Alberzmwſ Magnuſ, Mathenſ,Michnanuſ, Seb. Munſter , Eraſmuſ,Stellſ, Iohanneſ Benaruſ, Baoron of _ Balizce a Polonian, Iohanneſ Kentmannuſ,lo. Pontanuſ. Antoniuſ Sthnebergernſ,Clyiſtopho— ruſ Wirſunguſ, and that moſt worthy learned man Georginſ TIoachimuſ of Rhatia,and Baoron Sigzſtmmd. — <> | Ofthe quau 20 Pauſaniaſ ſuppoſeth it to be a beaſt betwixt a Hart and a Camell, and Alb@z#w#:ſ betwixt a rity and ita— Hartand a Horſſe; who therefore aſ it hath beene ſaide, calleth it 2gH7—rer%uſ, a Horſſe— c%' t hart ; but I rather by the horneſafterward deſcribed, and by the foot which Zoparwſ had, Rat do take & hold it to be aſ bigge enery waie aſ two Harteſ, and greater then a Horfſle, be— cauſe of the labour and qualitieſ attributed thereunto : Whereunto alſo agreeth Alber— Hgſi:;ſiſi;zz E15 their labor; In Swedia and Riga they aretamed and put into Coacheſ or Charriotteſ to drawmen through great ſnoweſ, and vpon the yſe in the winter time they alſoaremoſtſwifte, and AÞeriuwſ» will run more mileſ in one day,then a Horſſe cav at three. They were wont to be preſentſ for princeſ, becauſe of their ſingular ſtrength and ſwiftneſ, for which cauſe Alciaguſrela— 30 teth in anemblem , the anſwer of Alexander to one that aſked him a queſtion about cele— rity 5 whether haſk doth not alway make waſt : which Alexamder deniedby the example of the Elke ia theſe Verſeſ : Alciate gentiſ inſignia ſuſtinet Alve Conſtat Alexandrum ſic reſpondiſſe roganti. Nunquam inquit differre volenſ quod & indicat Alce Voguibuſ & (meeden)fert (anaballomeenoſ) Quitot obmiſſet tempore geſta brenſ Fortior hae dubiteſ, ocyor anne ſiet ? Pliny affirmcth (in my opinion) verie truclie that thiſ beaſt iſ likean Oxe, exceptinhiſ ;;,., . .....; | New », ſ 1 > parteſ haire, which iſ more like to a hart : hiſ vper lip iſ ſo great and hangeth oner the neather ſo and maer of farre, thathe cannot eatgoing forward, becauſe it doubleth vnder hiſ mouth, but aſ hee feedirg. eatethhe goeth backward like a Searcrabbe,and fo gathereth vp the graſſe that lare vnder Pliny. hiſ feet. Hiſ mane iſ dinerſ both vpon therop of hiſ neck, andalſo vnderneath hiſ throat it buncheth like a beard or curled locke of haire, howbeit, they are alwaie maned on the top of the necke. Theirnecke iſverie ſhortand dothnot in anſwere to the proportion of the reſidue of the body, and therefore Thaue exprefſed both figureſ of the Elkeſ. Their forchead iſ verie btoad, two ſpanſ at the leaſt : it hath two verie large horneſ, which we hane heerealſo expreſſed, both for the right ſide and the leſt : ſo aſ they bende roward the backe in the plaine edge,and the ſpireſ or pikeſ ſtand forward to the face:both . maleſ and femaleſ haue horneſ, they are ſolide at the root and round,but afterward bran— ched, and grow ont of their cie—lidſ, they are broader then a Hartſ, and are alſo verie hea— 3#4»4/fe,, uie, for they weigh at the leaſt twelue poundſ , and are not aboue two footc long, and the Kentmannuſ bredth meaſured from thelongeſt ſpiere to the other oppoſite ſide, about tenincheſ : the pertanw. root next to the Skin, iſ more then a man can well griple in hiſ hand, andtherefore here iſ expreſſed the figure of bothhorneſ , both in male and female ; for there iſ iſ not zzny dif— erence Ia o —}—»— Y ( o #* D 55 2 )_1*\ 37 S& & T 4 & & Op & a a ."d ozt 7 .u/,ſſ///\ Z 4 — . 7 /ſiſiſ\//,//ſ///ſiſſ' " E2 o Nodw (W ference in their natureſ that I can learne, and theſe hornieſ they looſe enery yeare . Hiſ earſand backare veric long, and hanging down, the colour for the moſt part live a Harr, and ſometime white, and Mwy/Ze; affirmeth, that in the Summer they are of ruſſet color, Sxiſmunduſ andin the Winter browne or blackiſh coloured . Hiſ forelegſ without all ioyntſ to bend, Bav. heerein reſembling an Elephant, andtherefore it ſleepethleaning to poſtſ or T'reeſ, and Ofthe color notlying on the ground . Hiſ hooueſ are clouen like a Hartſ, and with the forefeete he The manner PC!CEMEhE DOggeſ thathunt him; for he fightetch not with hiſ horneſ,but with hiſ fore— of their fight leggeſ. Itiſ amclancholycke beaſtant fearefull to be ſeene, hauing an ambling pace, ct,ſſ[[//,},/;;,%////ſi 4 (S 12 — — 0 5 E em DDIADDSH; Q ( 0 02 9955z; V DDDLD, ſiſi;' 1 6 "'00}3{,';/-,'4? u —___ 5 Pzr $ 2 V 65 2M2ZZp Frr emm e comm 20 Wt 77 2Z err a 5 2H0N Ea da \.ll S Of the Ellie> \\ WC 215 andkeeping in the wet, watily , and marſhy placeſ , delighting in nothing but in moyſture. The place of The fleſh iſ fat and ſweere, bur ingratefull to the palate, and engendereth melancholy: "** abodtſ. The Germanſ callthiſ Beaſt E//erd, which in their language ſignifieth miſerable orWret— The name of Ched;andin truth if the report thereof be notfalle, it iſ in a moſt miſerable and wrelched thiſbeaſtin caſe, for euery daiethorough out the yeare it hath the falling ſickneſ, and continueth in :ſi,zſzctgſi"fiſictſſn the pangſ thereof, vntill the hoofe of hiſ right forefoote touch hiſ left eatre; which comſ true igmifica notto paſſe but by the extreame tormenteſ of the body,forwhilſtthe memberſare rea— "*"*""* chedand ſtretched with many ftraineſ and conunlſionſ (aſ it falleth out in tharfiekeneſe) The fekneſ by chaunce the aforeſaid foore rubbeth the ſaide eare, and immediatelie thereupon the of Elkeſ. to beaſtiſ delinered from hiſ pangeſ : whereby we are to admire tlie workeſ of out ereatour, + which hauing laid ſo heauy an infirmity vpon thiſ poore beaſt, wherewith he iſ daily tor— mented; yet hath he alſo prouided a remedy for that cuill in the hoofe of hiſ ewnefoote, making the tormentſ of the diſeaſe to be the apothecary for Applying the remedy to the place of cure. — g t — Theyliue in heardſ and flockeſ together in Srardinania, and when the water'ſ lare fro— ,; ..;. ESht zen vp, the wilde mountaine Wolueſ ſet vpon them in great multitudeſ together, whom with Woltieſ they receiue in battell vpon the yſe, fighting moſt fiercely anid cruelly til one partbe van: quiſhed : In the meane time the buſbandmen of the countrey obſerne thiſ combate, and when they ſee one ſide goe to the wall, they perſecute them, and take the viGoutrſ part, 30 for it iſ indifferent to take either the one ſide or the other ; but moſt commonly the Elkeſ areconduerorſ by reaſon of their forefeet, for withthem they pierce the Woluſ or dogſ. Skinſ, aſ with any ſharpe pointed ſpeare or Lauelyn: " e Some haue beene of opinion, that theſe are wilde Afſeſ, but they are led hereinto with no reaſon, except becauſethey are vſed for trauelland burthen aſ iſ before ſaid, for there iſ no proportion or reſemblance of body betwixt them : beſideſ,they haue cloucn hoofſ; for the moſt part, although Sigi/ſ#rnzdwſ Baro afirme, that there are ſome of thiſ kinde —whichhaue their hooueſ whole and vndenided: Being wildeit?ſ a moſt fearefullcrea— ture, and rather deſirethtolic hid in ſecret, ther to flye ,except purſied by hunterſ; and The manne: thereiſ no danger in hunting of thiſ beaſt exept a man come right before him, for on hiſ to hunt them 30 fideſ he may ſafely ſtrike and wound him, but if the beaſt faſten hiſ forefeet on him, hee Wſif:}_ſiomdſi" cannoteſcape without death. Notwithſtanding it iſ a Beaſt (aſ hath been ſaid) aſ bteat __:ſ, aſ two Hartſ , yet iſ it aboue meaſure fearefull, and if it receiue any ſmall wound,; orſhot, Rereeiiet inſtantly it fillech downe and yeeldeth to death,aſ B/#@/2ſ bunting with $72//P#PA the ſe— bic reare and cond king of Polonia in the woodſ of Litwania ttyed with hiſ owne hand ,for with hiſ hun! puſHanimity ting ſpear he pierced one a very little way in the Skin in the preſence of the k. who preſent—= ' ly fell downe dead. i Inſome countrieſ of auncient time (ſayeth Paw/am/@) they tooke them on thiſ maner. i . i — . . the auncient They hauing found out the field or hill where the beaſtſ are lodged, they compaſſe it In maner or a by theſpace of a thouſand paceſ round in circle with weltſ and toilſ inuented for that pur—+ king Elkeſ. — poſeſthen' do they draw in their netſround like apurſſe.and ſo incloſe the beaſtſ by mul: titude; who commonly ſinelling hiſ hunterſ hideth himſelfe in fſome deepe ditch orcane oftheearth, for the nature of thiſ beaſt hath framed to it ſelfe a moſtſhatpe agacity or quicke ſent of ſmelling being notheercin inferiourto any ofthe beſt dogſ in the worlde, becauſeit can a great way off diſcouer the brinterſ, & many timeſ whilemenatreabroad in hunting of other beaſtſ , thiſ iſ ſuddainely ſtatted out of her lodging place, and ſo dif— coueted, chaſed, and taken:— i tþi ( — 4/ Otheragaine takeit by the ſime meaneſ that they take Elephantſ, for when they haue' found the erceſ whereunto cheylearg;they ſo cut and ſawe' them, that when'the! beaſt i:'ommcch, hce ouerthroweth them, and falleth downe with them, and 10 iſ taken ad 7 2 lhie: CH {} We readthatthere'vere Elkeſ inthe trinmph of A»/e//ay at Rome, and inthe pameſ Copllou dedicatedby Apolſ#and Diamaand celebrated by Valermſ publicola,were many Eleph.Elkſ EE and Tigreſ.Likewiſethere wereten Elkeſ atRome vnder Gordianuſ. When they are cha— — . } ſed eagerly and can find no placeto reſtthemſelueſ in andlic ſecret, theyrun to the Wad Theirreſſ= terſ, and thercin ftand., raking vp water into their mouthſ, and within ſhort ſpace d}:)e 10 waterſ, eate 5 — 216 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. heateit, that being ſquirted or ſhot out of them vppon the Doggeſ, the heat thereofſo cMimfter, opreſletiand ſcaldeth them, that they dare not once approach or come nighher any more. Themedicin Thegreateſtvertue of medicine that I can learne or finde to be in thiſ b;aſt, iſ in the inaaElke" hyoſe, for that worne inaRing, itreſiſteth andfreeth a man from the falling cuill, the Crampe, andcureth the fitſ or pangſ, if it be put on when he iſ in hiſ fomlr_lg extremity; alſoſcrapediinto powder and put into VWW ine and drunke, it iſ vſed in Polonia againſte the ſame euill.In like ſoxrt they mingle it with Triacle, andapplie it to the heart, or elſe hange *— itabout their necke for an amulet to touch their akin againſt that diſeaſe: and becauſe that to both in auncienttime, and alſo now a daieſ, thiſ beaſt iſ ſildome ſeene and more ſildome taken; the hoofe thereof being ſo often approoued for the vſeſ before ſaid , the rarity (I ſay thereoHmakethitto be ſold very deare,which would be (if they could be foundor ta— ken)inmoreplentifull maner. Some Mounte—bankeſ ſellin ſteed therof a Bugleſ hoofe, but it may be eaſily deſcried by ſcraping, for (it iſſaid) itſmellethvery ſweet, whereaſ a Bugleſ ſauoureth very ill and ſtrong .. It iſ obſerned alſothat it hath not thiſ vertue except it be cut offfrom the beaſt while heiſ yetalive, and that in the monthſ of Auguſtand September, at what timetheſe Elkſ aremoſt of allannoyed with the falling ſickneſ, and thenithath ſtrongeſt vertue to cure it in otherſ. Otherſ affirme, itwantethhiſ operation if it be cut off from a young one which never 29 taſted of carnall copulation, and ſo hath notbin dulled thereby : but howſoeuer, thiſ iſ certaine, that ſometimeſ it cureth, andſometime it faileth, and aſ there can be given no goodreaſon of the cure, ſo I ratheraſcribeiit to a ſuperſtitionſ conceite or belecfe of the partiethat weareth it, rather then to any hidden or aſſuredworke of nature. The Skinneſ ofthiſbeaſtare dreſſed by Tawyerſ, with thefat of ſiſheſ and Alum ,to make brefſt—plateſ, ;{l*ſift :{Z Zf and to ſhelter one from raine, and they ſellthem for threeor foure Nobleſ a piece ; bur * in Craconia fox fiſteenFlorenſ.It may be diſcerned from a Hartſ ſkin by blowing vponit, for the breath will come through like aſ in a Buffe, and the hairſ of thiſ beaſt haue alſo hol— low paſſageſ in them when they grow vppon the backe of the beaſt, or elſe ſoone atter the ſkin iſ taken off. , ſ if Somealſovſethenerneſ againſtthe crampe, binding the offended member therwith, 2:" -_sſſi"ſi" and heerewith doe we conclude thiſ ſtorie ofan Elke, referring the reader to the fableof ©8"%< . 4icidatelated before in Cacwſ if he haue defire to know it for the affinitie betwixt the name ier thereofand AleeſanElke. OQF_ THE FERRET (þ SeT a ( Tippln® 4 Pxn ey /ſſ% Take it to be moſt true without all exception, that the Grzeci— A ; anſ cal a Ferret Gale Agria, a wilde Weaſill, Z/@Z# and Pheredi— 49 C1) keſ, although Ezymeloguſ and Heſychinſ aſcribe the reaſon of 4/ | thiſ latter name to her lodging vnder Oakeſ and Oliue—treeſ. )| Id4iſ alſo waſ a common name of all Weaſilſ, to thoſe Grz— 7 cianſ whichneuer knew orſaw any other ther one kinde of z/xſi/ſict/) \,'ſſji o lſſh_lc(;y, or aſ Sr_lal{gerſſ againſt Cardar will have it, to ſignifie a ( /[ct Te>þ| wi cCamp_efſſZm{l Wealill, and nota tamekind, being dome— W LVLIPE> 2 ) ſticalland living in houſeſ, and that theſe differ onely from oneanother inplace and manner ofliuing, and not in colour, ſtature or qualitieſ. And where Ariſtophaneſ citethit among other beaſtſ which are devuourerſ of fiſh,in my opini— the etymolo onthere iſ no bcafc that more deſireth fiſh; then Ferretſ and Catteſ, and for thiſ cauſe it: 5" gy of Tityſ a hathhiſ name 7/@7# gua// hthaſ,of cating of fiſh ; and yet I cannot conſent vato them which wil haue it deſcendand hunt fith in thewaterſ like Otterſ or Beanerſ : for it abhot— Ferretſſwim TEth bothſwinnming or dyuing, but neer to the waterſ ithunteth fiſh, where for the moſt :\lorL . { | pat being Yvildc it remaincth. ( at t The Latineſ call thiſ beaſt Viver7ſ, and Faro, and Eyreteſ, and Furectuſ , becauſe (:151 ® ſh The nameſ in Greeke, S N Oow SS Sa SW 1 //A/ſſ-ſi%/,%]: o Of the Ferret. . 214 ſhall be afterward manifeſted) it prey— 16 ethvppon Conieſ in their holeſ, and lineth vppon ſtealth, and in the earth will kil a cony ſix timeſ aſ bigge aſ her ſelfe,but being abroad on the land, in the open air iſ nothing ſo wild,ſtrong or ful of corage.From 2/%yſ iſ derived Iltiſſuſ, and the Germaine Z/##, for a Ferret :thiſ iſ cald by the French F#— 10 7om, FEurct, and Fuſon, and Fuſet : by the Spaniardſ Fwzon,and Furam, and from the Engliſh Feyzet iſ the Ger— main Zre# derined by a common $72#— 6ope, and in the time of Georginſ Agri— cola it waſ called in Germany Furerte, and rrettell,.andtheEngliſh word ſee— methalſo to be derived from Frez#a4 in Latine, which by a like Sypcope iſ con— tracted of Pinerra, aſ to any indiffe— 50 rent learned man it may appear atthe firſtſight of deriuation. But beerein ſeemeth an vhreconci— labledifference, thatit iſ reported of the 7e%y5 by Gazſ, the interpretour of Ariſtorle, that it waſ moſt greedye of Hony, and for thar cauſeit will ſeeke out the hy ueſ of Beeſ,and enter them without all feare of ſtingſ . But when Pliny {peaketh of z/yſ,he dothnot cal 30 it Pinerra,or once attribute vnto it the N\ loueof honie, butrather the hatered ») and loathing thereof, in ſo high a de. gree, that if he taſt of it, he falleth in— M to conſumptionſ ,and hardly eſcapeth \\\ \ death—And theſe thingſ Scaliger alled— \\ geth againſtCardaz, onely to prooue \.1 a that 2Z%»yſand Vinerra, are two deſtin&X beaſtſ, & that Cardam waſ miſtaken in affirming, that they were but ſeuerall 40 nameſ, expreſſing one and the ſame beaſt. Theanſwere whereunto may be ve— ry ealie, for althogh P/iny leauceth with outreberſal their loue of hony ,it doth not neceſſarily follow, that they loue itnot(aſ Ariſtorlebefore him conſtant ly afirmeth)y and Scaliger nameth no anthor,nor bringcth any reaſon to de— monſtrate their hate of honey , or any harme which inſueth them by eating thereof:andtherefore agaioſt hiſ au— thority may S#abo be oppoſed, who in hiſthirde booke , peaking of the Conieſ of Spaine, and of their hunterſ and ſtarterſ, out of their holeſ, he taketh ind nameth indifferently without all diſtinGion and excepti— on,Vinerra, and Z&yſ, for the dne and other. Niphwſ tranſlateth I/dTyſ, a Martall, but with— out reaſon ; for the ſame man finding in Ariſtorle that there iſ War betwixtLocuſtſ and Serpenteſ, which iſ fiely called Ophiomachia 5 whereaſ Ariſtatlenameth Akyiſ a Locuſt, Their corage and nature in the earth, Scaliger: ; Whventt Fer ritſ be TAyſ, (\\\ſi\\\-ct a 5 2 a 27 y ſy 218 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. hcefalleth in doubt whether it were not better to be 277ſ a Martell, or aſ other copieſ haue it Aſpi/ſ an Aſpe, which can by no meaneſ agree vnto them,for there iſ akind of Lo. cuſtſ(called Ophiomachum) becauſeoftheir continual combatſ with Serpentſ.And there— forenot to ſtande any longer vppon thiſ difference, ommitting alſo the coniecture of . Teet=eſ, which confoundeth 7@»ſ with M/e@m a Glead or Kyte, which canot ftand reaſo. nable, becauſe Hower ſaith there waſ a kind of capſ made of the haireſ of 7/7755vor yet of Albertuſ hiſ newe found name of Aukatinoſ nor Aunicennahiſ Katjz , or thefrench Pyſap which iſ a Poul—cat. I will deſcend to the deſcription of the partſ and qualitieſ , wherein the Authorſ them— ſelueſ at variance, make their owne reconcilement, by attributing the ſame thingſ to the YityaandEerret, except that of an obſcure authour , which ſaith that 7@%7ſ iſ Apkaciner ,aſ bigaſ a Grey—hound, and that it iſ wiſer & more induſtriouſ inhiſ yourb and tenderage, then in hiſperfecGtion of ſtrengthand yeareſ. t Theſe Ferretſ are leſſer then the AZe//tei» or Gentlewomenſ Dogſ,; and they were firſte of allbrought out of Afſricke into Spaine,and theretore are called by Strabo, Affrican wea— ?;Zctr (eue_ filſ , becauſe of their ſimilitude with Wealilſ : for Spaine, Italy, France, and Germany,hae ral parteſ. not thiſ beaſtbred among them,but brought to them out of other:Countrieſ.But in En— a gland they breed naturally of the quantity aforeſaid, and they aretamed to hunt Conieſ Coum"Y . Ourofthe earth. It iſ a bolde and audatiouſ beaſt, enemy to allother except hiſ owne kind, drinkingand ſucking in the blood of the beaſt itbiteth, but eateth not the fleſh. When Iidoruſ. the Wiarriner ſetteth it downe to hunt, hee firſt of all maketh a great noiſe .to fray allthe %"F'Zſf i Conieſthat are abroad into their holeſ, and ſo hauing frighted them pitchethhiſ netſ,& 7 g:FbfcſiL J, then putteth hiſ tame Zerret into the earth, havingalong ſtring or cord wich belſ about Agriculaa birnecke, whoſemouthhemuzzleth, that ſo it may not bite the cony, butonely terrifie Ther provo her out of her boroughand earth with her preſence or claweſ 5 which being perfourmed, extion te tt Melſ by Dogſ chaſed into the netſ, and there ouerwhelmed,aſ iſ aforeſaid in the hiſtory ofthe conieſ. ſſ Theyr body iſ longer for the proportion then their quantity may affoord, for Lhaue Their colour ſeen theim twoſpanſ long but very thin and ſmal. Their colour iſ variable,ſomtime black, and eyeſ _ and white on the belly, but moſt commonly of a yellowiſh ſandy colour, likehermeline or wooll, died in vrine. The head little like a mouſeſ, and therefore into whatſoeuer hole or chinke ſhe putteth it in , all her body will ealily follow after. The cieſ ſmall, but fiery, like red hot yron, and therefore ſhe ſeeth moſt clearely in the darke : Her voyce iſ a why— ning ery , neither doth ſhe chaunge it aſ a Cat: She hathonely two teeth in the neather chap, ſtanding outand not ioyned or growing together, The genital of the male iſ of a bo— ny ſubſtance (wherein P/»y and Scaliger agree with Cardax and Straho for the z6Fyſ alſo)j& therefore italway ſtandeth ſtiffe, and iſ notleſſer at one time then at other. Thepleaſure of the ſence in copulation iſ not in the yard or gevital part, but in the nerueſ ,muſcleſ ,and tunicleſ wherein the ſard genitall cunneth. When they are in copulation the female lyeth downe or bendeth her kneeſ, and continually cryeth like a Cat, either becauſe the Male pincheth and claweth her ſkin with hiſ ſharpe naileſ, or elſebecaule ofthe rigidity of hiſ Thenumber genitall. And when thefemale deſireth copulation, except ſhee bee with conuenient gf\:};en youg ſpeede brought to a Male, or he ſuffered to come to her, ſhe ſwelleth and dyeth. They are very fruitfull in procreation, for they bring foorch ſeauen or eight at a time, bearing them in thczr hmc_ belly not alct)oqe fortie daieſ . The young oneſ ncWlyHctcrcd are b_lind 30. daieſ togither, and within 40. daieſ after they can ſee, they may beſet to hun— tmg_.Thcnoblc men of France keep them for thiſ pleaſure, who are greatly ginen to hunt conieſ,and they areſold therfora Frenchcrown. Young boieſ and ſchollerſ alſo vſe them to put them into the holeſ of rockeſ and Walleſ to hunt out Birdeſ, and likewife into hol— Theit ſead low Treeſ where out they bring the Birdſin the claweſ of their feet, very long time.When they go, they contract their long backe and make it ſtand vpright inthe middle, round like 2 bowle. When they are touclſiſi;cd, they ſmell ſi}i_c RM,_\[:Z; lſi%l]d they ſleepe very much : being wilde, they line vpon the blood of conieſ, Henneſ, dhicct kenſ, Hareſ, or other ſuch thingſ, which they can finde and onermaiſter. In their ſlecpe alſo They arenouriſhed being tamed with milke, or with barlie breade, and they can faſt a 5 0 we 9 " '20 Of the Fitch. 219 allothey dreame, which appeareth by whyning and crying inthcir ſleepe, whereaſ along flytcalled a Eryer) fly ing to the flaming candelſ in the night; iſ accounted among poy— ſons,thc Antidote andreſiſter thereof iſ by Pliny affirmed to be a Goats,gall or lifer,mix— ed with a Fcirer, or wilde Wealſill;and the gall bfFerretſ iſ held pretiouſ againt the poi— Zrllze_m:.%j;r fon of Aſpeſ, althongh the fleſh and tecth of a ferret be accounted poyſon.! Likewiſe the fa allofaFerret iſ commended againſt thefalling diſeaſe,and tiot onely the gal(faith Mar— »celluſ) but the whole body, if itberoſted, dreſſed, and eaten faſting , like a young pig. It iſ iſaid by Reſiſ and Alberteſ, thatifthe head of a wolfe be hanped vp in a done—cote, neither catſFerret, wealſil, Stoate,or othernoyſoine beaſt dare to enter therein. Theſe ferretſ are keptinlittle harcheſ,; inhonſeſand therefed, where they fleepe much : theyare of a very whottemperatureor conſtitution, and therefore quickly diſgeſt their meate, and being wild by reaſon of their fear , they rathenſeeke their meat in the night then in the day time. OF ?FHE *FITCH OR POFIL—C A4T. 10 ? ſ — 7 ſſſi"ſſ'ſiſiſii"ct.':ſſct'ſi'ſſ ©— lllly 4t "— —»/— \\\———— a . "n flttt —)—) 30 71 He difference of a Poul—cat from the wild—cat,iſ becauſe of her ſtrong ſtin— MZW#:. king ſauour, and therefore iſ called Puzorivſ of Purore becauſe of hiſ ill ſſſie;';:ſſ;if || ſinell : for al weaſilſ being incenſed and proucktto wrath,ſinell ſtrongly,& thereof 1 eſpecially the Poul—cat ; likewiſe when in the ſpring time they endeuour 2w0e") procreation , for which cauſe among the Germanſ (when they wouldex— preſſean infamonſ Whoore or whoore—maiſter) they ſay they ſtinke like an Z/iſ that 1ſ a fitchor Poul—cat. TheEFrench call thiſ beaſt Pyzc#@,and Poyzoiſ, aſ it iſ to be found in Ca— roluſ Figuluſ, the Sanoyenſ Poxnttett, the Illirianſ and Bohemianſ Tehorz, and the Polo— nianſ /idra 5 and Scaliger calleth it in Latine (Cate» fu/namſ) by another name the Puro— Phic auanrie 40 7ziuſ.It iſ greater then an ordinary weaſill, but leſſer then the wilde Muyze//, and yet com:— ery awnne monly fatter : the haireſ of it are neither ſmooth and of onelength, or of one colour ; for of thiſ beait the ſhort haireſ areſomewhat yellowiſh, and thelong oneſblacke, ſo aſ one would thinke 5;"75 ctſiſi[: thatin many placeſ of the body, there wereſporteſ of diverſ colourſ, but yet about the ****** mouth it iſ moſt ordinarily white. The ſkin iſ ſtife, harſh, and rugged in handling, and therefore long laſting in Gar— mentſ, yet becauſe the beaſt iſ alwaic fat the ſauor of it iſ ſo rank, that it iſ not in any great The ekinſ & requeſt, and moreouer it iſ {aid that it offendeth the heade, and procurethache therein 5 vſe ofthem; and therefore it iſ ſold cheaper then a Foxe ſkinne, and the fatteſt iſ alway the worſt of all. The Skinnerſ approue the ſkinſ of fitcheſ and Martilſ beſt, which are killed in winter, be— 5" cauſetheir fleſh and Iuſtiſ much lower, and therefore rendereth a leſſe hurtfull ſmellthen at other timeſ , The taile iſ not aboue two handeſ or palmeſ long , and therefore ſhor— ter then iſ a Martilleſ . In all other parteſ of the bodye it equalleth a Martill , or ex— ceedeth very little, hauing thinner Neckeſ, but larger and greater Bellieſ, the Taile, Leggeſ, and breaſt, are alſo of a blacker colour, butthebelly and ſideſ , more yellow. Some have delinered that the leftleggeſ thereofare ſhorter then theright legſ,but thiſ iſ Vy z found 220 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. founde vntrue by daily experience : They' keepe in the toppeſ of houſeſ and.|Cecret cornerſ, delighting to kiland eat henſ and chickenſ, whoſe craft in dcuoz'lring hiſ prey'iſ ſtogular,for to the intent that the ſilly creatiteſ to bedevioured may not bewray them to Vdoriſ. _ thelrouſe—kecperſ, the firſtpart that theyday hold vponwith theirmouthſ iſ theheade of Zſifffiſſſifi: the hen and chicken,and by that meanſ ſtayethhiſ cryingby_croppzſi-ngxȝff theheadiSomc not to be _of theſe Fitcheſ wander and keep in the woodſ, and thereby line vpon birdſ andmile; /and deſcryed Lach thingſ : ſome againe lineby the Seafideſ in rockeſ, and they taked Fiſheſ , like Beiterſ and Otterſ: andſome creepeintothecaueſ of hollow treeſ, where they eat Froggeſ;, and moſtof all they delight to beneare ſtalſ ofcattel;hay—houſeſ, and houteſ, where they meet to oftentimeſ with Egſ, wherein they delightaboue al otherkindſ of meat.: And thuſ much forthiſ beaſt. 20 30 40 —___——— am & "NOftheFoxew ©on 324 j Fox iſ called in Heebrew Srhwal;and in Chaldee Thaal, and The teveral i therefore in P/a, 61 . wherethe Hxzbrew readech Schualim, 24 :ſſ,;cſiſiſi;:if;ſi there the Chaldee tranſlateth it 7 healaia, the Arabianſ call languageſ. him Thf[eb , and Anicen.callethaFoxeſometime Chabel, and alſo Chalcail5the GreckeSeptuagintſ Alopekonz;and volgar— ly Alopex ,and Alopon,the Latineſ Vulpeſ, and Vulpecala of Volipeſ hiſ tumbling pace, the Italianſ Velpeythe French Reg nard, and a little Foxe Regnardeaſ; the Spaniardſ Rapoſa of rauening; the Germanſ Zuehſ,the Flemingſ Foſ, and the II— lyrianſZiſa. 5 The Epitherſ expreſſing the nature hereofamong writerſ, both poctſ an dotherſ are / theſe: crafty, wary;deceirfull, ſtinking, ſtrong—ſmelling, quicke—ſmelling,tayled , war— 'The epithitſ like or contentionſ, wicked and rough, the Grazecianſ fiery colered,and ſubtil for flaugh— ofFoxeſ ter, andtherfore Chiriſtcalled Zerod a Fox, becauſe he vnderſtood how by crafty meanſ helought to entrap andkilhim : and al the auncienteſ called ſuchkind of men Vulpioneſ, which enery nation vnder heauen dothimitate. \ C There are ſtore of Foxeſ in the Alpine regionſ of Zelwetia, and amongſt the Caſiazſ g:ccdſi:*;f t they abound, ſo thatthecir multieude inaketh them tame, comming into the Cittieſ, and Foxeſ. atterdingvpon menlike tame Dogſ. The Foxeſ of Sardrnia are veryRauenouſ, for they Actazxmſ. 20 kilthe ſtronge ſtRamſ and Goatſ, and alſo young Calueſ , and in Egzpr they are leſſer then theyare in G7acia, and moſtcommonly all Foxeſ are of ſtature like to a ſheapheardſ dog: Meaniier: Their colour iſ reddiſh and more white roward the head : In My/rowia are both blacke & white, Viz : about the river W2g4, blacke and aſh—coloured, and in the prouince of, Viling Briſtotle, alblack,& theſeare of the ſmaller ſort, which are noriſhed to make capſ of their ſkinſ, and Albertuſ. are therfore ſold at twenty or thirty Florenſ a ſkin.In Spaine they areal white, and their oTtheocſſoe]f H ſkinſ are often brought by the merdchantſ to beſold at FEranchfordinaſte —==> o In the Septenttionalbor Norchern woodſ , thereare black»white, and red Foxeſ.and Ojom magi ſuch aſabe cald C+icigere, that iſ/Croſſe—bearing Foxeſ, for omtheir backſ E orethwart their ſhoulderſ there iſ a blacke. crofſe, like ancAſſeſ: rand there are Foxeſaſperſed ouer 30 with blacke ſpotſ,and altheſeareof onc and theſamemalignauntand crafty nature> and theſe Cſaith Georg: Fabritinſ rard diſtinguiſhedby: their regionicor habitationſ :for itiſ moſt commonly feene, that Foxeſ which keepe and breed toward the Southand Weſt, areofanaſhcolour, and liketo Wolueſ, hauing looſe hanging haireſ, aſiſ to be ſeene both i@Spaine and Italy; and theſe are noted by two nameſ among tbhe Gethitineſ, from the coloyrof their throatſ.One kind of themiiſ.cailed Kv/er, whoſe throat ſeemeth to be ſprinkledand darknedwith cole—duſt, vpon white)ſoaſ the topſ ofthe—hairapeare blacke; the foor and ſtalke being white. ſ 2 The other Birkfachſe,; becauſe their throat iſ alwhite, and of thiſ kind themoſt ſplen— dentwhite, iſ moſtpretiouſ.A ſecond there iſ (called Xrenrzfachſe) becauſe of thecroſle 40 it beaterh vpon hiſ backe and ſhoulderſ downeto hiſ forefeet, being in other parteſlike the former,except the throat which iſ blacker then any ofthe other before 1 poken of and theſe arenot bredde in Germany ,but brought thither from other nationſ\ A thirdkind iſ of a bright Skie—colour (called 3/awwſw/@hey.and thiſ colout hath gi— uen a different name to Horſſeſ, which they: call Blamw/chr@mell, but in the Foxeſ it iſmuch:more mingled, and theſe foxeſwhichhaue rougher and deeper haireare called Brandfuchſe; |> . | 1 : The Moſconianſ and Tartarianſ makemoſtaccount of the blacke Skinſ ,becauſe their prin— ceſand great Nobleſ weare them intheit garmentſ: yetare they more eaſily adulrerated and counterfaiced by thefume orſinoke of Torcheſmade of pitrch: The white and blewe Skinſ areleſſe eſtcemed, becauſe the haire falleth off, and are alſo lefſer then the other:the redoneſare moſt plentifull, and Scaliger affirmeth;, that he ſaw ſkinſ brought into Framace by certaine merchantſ, which had diuerſ white haireſ dif poſedinroweſ very elegantlye vpon them, and in dinerſ placeſ they grewalſo ſingle: In Moruegiaand Swetia aſ there are white Hartſ and Beareſ, ſo there are alſo white foxeſ ; In Wolueha they are black.aſ it iſ af— firmedby Srgiſmneduſ Liber,the piGure of the Ctoſſ—bearing:fox which iſ leſſe then the former iſ heere following expreſſed and ſet downe. V 3 The 50 a 222 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. THE CRVCIGERAN FOXE. Adamantinſ haucſmall eieſ, but ſheepe and Oxen which are ſimple,; very great The partſ o eyeſ The Germanſ when they diſcribe a good Horſſe, they deci— Se phet in him the outward partſ of many beaſteſ, from whom (it ſee— methy he partaketbhiſ generoſity,and from a Foxethey aſcribe vn— to him ſhort eareſ, a long and buſhy taile, an caſieand{oft treading ſtep, ( for theſe belong to a Foxe. ) The maleFoxe hath ahard bony Ariſltoth. genitall, hiſ taile iſ long and hairy av the end, hiſ temperamentor aſ appeareth both bycauſe of hiſ reſemblance or ſimilitude with Doggeſand Weaſilſ, and alſo hiſ ranke and ſtronge ſimelling ſauour ; for being dead,hiſ ſkinne hath power in it of heating,and hiſ fat or oyle after adecodGtioniſ of the ſame force & condition. The greateſt occaſion of hiſ hunting iſ the benefit of hiſ ſkinne, for hiſ fleſh iſ in all holeme: thingſ like a Dogſ, and although Galem, Mneſſmachuſ,and Siluinſ affirme, that in the Au— Foxeſ cuil to EUWNE Orlattet part of the yeare, ſome men vſe to cate the fleſhof Foxeſ, (eſpecially be— be eaten. ing Cubſ) that iſ young,, tender, and nor ſmelling : but .£r/ and &a/#ſ affirme,(and that with great reaſon) that their fieſh, and the fleſh of Hedg—hogſ and Hareſ,iſ notagreea— ble to the nature of man. But their ſkinnc retaineth the qualitieſ of the whot beaſtbeing pulled off, by reaſon The vſt of of the Jong and ſoft haire growing thereupon ; and the Skinſ of Cubſ which ferred eu Shinneſ 5 g 5 pon ; and the Skinſ of Cubſ which are prefer before the elder, are of leaſt value, becauſe their haire iſ apr to fall off, which being thin dothnotadmit any deepe rootingſ of the haire . The Thracianſ in the time of Xexophon, wore Capſ of Foxeſſkinneſ vpon their headeſ and eareſ, in the coldeſt and hardeſt win— terſ; and from hence it commeth,, that in ſome Authorſ the couerſ of menſ headſ,(com— monly called in Greeke Pericephalea)yare termed Alypecia, or Alopeciſ : and for thiſ put— poſe in Germany at thiſ day , they flit aſunder the ſkin of foxeſ taileſ , and ſow it together againe, adding to it a ſufficient number till it be framed into a cap : but the ſkin of the bel— ly and ſideſ iſ of morepretiouſ eſtimation, becauſciitiſ more ſoftand ſinooth, and there— fore iſ ſold for twice ſo much aſ the other partſ. In the Summer time the ſkinneſ are little worth, becauſe that then the beaſtſ aretrou— bled we & 0 — 10 iſ 0 0 3 40 5© Of the Foxe. 223 bled with the A/operia, that iſ, the falling of or looſeneſſeof the haire ; and therefore then alſothey are daungerouſ to bee vied, becauſe of that diſeaſe : men which haue the gout, ſhrinking vp ofthe ſinneweſ, or othercold fluxionſ of the Rhewme in their Legſ,canuſe nobetter or more wholeſomething then to weare buſkinſ ofthe ſkinſ of Eoxeſ3the Sey— Alev.abalex thianſ make them ſhooeſ, and foale them with the backeſ of Foxe and Myſe ſkinneſ, vp— on whichthey go. The Latineſ haue a proper word for the voyce of a Fox, which iſ Gam— xio Ganuire, to Ganne , and it iſ alſo metaphorically applyed to men, when byſcrietching clamourſ they trouble otherſ y aſ Terexce in Adelph : quid iile ganuit ? Quid vnlt ? And iiſſigſim' £ plantuſ allo 5;Gannit odioſuſ omni totifamiliz, and for thiſ voyce did Mantuan Write thiſ Bogeſſ — verſe: } Puteſ vlutare lupoſ, gannire ſagaceſ »vulpecualoſ. Butyetaſ Albertuſ and Gopſtantinuſ haue trucly obſerued, that in the time of hiſ hun— gerhe will barke like alittle Dogge, and the Hartſ are greatly afraid of thiſ ganning of Foxeſ. Ithath beencialready ſhewed in the ſtory ofthe Badger, howſthe Foxe by laying hiſ ex— — crementſ in the Badgerſ den, getteth the ſame co hiſ owne vſe ; for the abode of Foxeſ in Zi*:;: :*ſif'ſſ'ſi c& the day time iſ in the caueſ and holeſ of the earth,and come notabroad uil thenight. Theſe earrh. denſ hauemany caueſ inthem ; and paſſageſ in and out, that when the Terrarſ ſhallſet G#@ſ. vpon bim in the earth, he may go forth ſome other way:and foraſmuchaſ the Wolfe iſ an Opp#"* enemy tothe Foxe, helayeth in the mouth of hiſ den,an Herbe (called Sea—onyon)ywhich iſ ſo contrary to; the nature of a Weolfe, and he o greatly terrified therewith, that hee 29r04/fyeſ willnever come neerethe place where it either groweth or lyeth; the ſame iſ affirmed of Giltmſ. the Turtle to ſaue her young oneſ, but I haue not read that Wolueſ will prey vpon Tur— tleſ, and therefore we reiect that aſ a fable. When Ariſtomaneſ waſ taken by the Lacedemonianſ, and included into arocke or qua— rey of ſtoneſ, he eſcaped out of their handeſ, by digging another paſſage out ofit then P/r7. where he waſ put in ; ſaying, thatit waſ a ſhame for a man to haue leſle wit then a fox. When they are in their denſ, they lyc vpon their bellieſ with their hinder Leggeſ ſtret— ched forth at length, like aſ a man when heſleepeth on hiſ belly, and therefore itſeemeth that theirlegſ areſo framed to creepeand pierce vnder the earth and dig out their way after their owne pleaſure. Thiſ iſ ſuch a devouring beaſtthat it forſaketh nothing fit to be eaten, for it killeth Hareſand Connieſ, and with hiſ breath draweth fielde Myce out of their holeſ like aſ a Harvdraweth out Serpentſ with hiſ breath, and denoureth them. He devourethalſo all kind of Pullen, they alſo eate Grapeſ, Appleſ ,and Peareſ, whereupon came the provuerbe in Plantuſ, Tam facile vinceſ quam vulpeſ pyrum comeſt Thou ſhalt aſ eaſily ouercome him, aſ a Foxe eateth a Peare : which 1ſ applyed to any eaſie or diſparchable buſineſle. In A7a= biſ,and Syriapaleſtina,they are ſo rauenouſ, harmefull, and audaciouſ, that in the night by ganning and barking, they inuite one another (aſ it were ) by a Watchworde, to af— ſemble in great multitudeſ together,for to prey vpon all thingſ, and they feare not to car— ry into their denſ, old ſhooeſ and veſſelſ, or inſtrumenteſ of huſbandry : for which cauſe, when the huſbandmen heare therof, they gather all thingeſ into their houſeſ and watch them. ® But aſ it falleth out in all gluttonouſ rauening perſonſ, that while they ſtrineto filtheir The harme bellieſ, they poiſonthcirlinueſ, ſo alſo it fareth with.Foxeſ, fornature hath ſo ordained, ofFexeſ— thatifa Foxe eat any meat wherein are bitter Almondeſ, they die thereof, if they drinke —, iſcurider, not preſently : and theſame thing do Aloeſ in their meateworke vppon 'them, aſ Scaliger affitrmethvpon hiſ owne ſight or knowledge. Apacypor or Beat—foot given to dogſ, wolueſ, Serapic, Foxeſ, and all other beaſtſ which arelittered blind, in fat or any other meatkilleth them, if vomit helpe them not, which falleth out very ſieldome, and the ſeedſ of thiſ hearbe haue theſame operation.It iſ reported by Dewocrit@ſ, that if wilderue beſecretly hunge vnder a Henſ wing, no Eox wil meddle withher, and the ſame writer alſo declareth for approo— ned, that if you mingle the gal of a Fox, or a cat, with their ordinary foode, they ſhall re— maine freefrom the dangerſ of theſe beaſtſ. — — When they engender and admit copulation;they are loynedlike dogſ, the male V}}_zggi: ;rſi];:ſſxif,ſi;:ſil The food of Serpentſ The diſeaſeſ . of Foxeſ. Albertuſ. Albert, Liber a /Etimſ The length of their lite, | Varionſ The hurting and taking of Foxeſ. e Adclianuſ Oppranuſ Bellſarinſ, Ihe Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. female:andthe female when ſhe perceinech her Yvombc ſili;d, ſhee departethand liueth very ſecret,for it falleth out very ſeldomeithata female or Bitch—Foxeiſ taken greatwith young. She bringeth forch ordivarily foureat a time, and thoſe bhndc _;md imperfed, without Articleſ in their Leggeſ, whichare perfectedand framed by licking, for Beareſ, Wolueſ, Eyonſ, Foxeſ, Doggeſ, and Threſ which are Mſſultzparfz and 2 zz[rzffida , thatiſ fruitefull , bearinge many at one time , and alſo Clouen or ſhtt-(:-foOFcd, i1to many claweſ, haue not the benefic of nature to pertect their young oneſ in their wombeſ. Kyteſ, vultureſ, and Eagleſ lye in wayr todeſtroy the Fo_xcs (ſiſiubs or Whelpeſ. Fox— eſ do not onely engender with their owne kinde, þut alſo VYlEh V\/olgcs, Doggcs, or any other beaſteſ of equall proportion, both of quantity and time of going with yong, ſothe Laconian Dogſ are engendered by a Dogge and a Foxe, and the Zy7e»a, of a Wolte gnd 2 Eoxe (aſ Albexz@ſ affirmeth) and the Sim/ne/pa of an Ape and a Foxe; aſ iſalteady:in the ſtory of Apeſ declared. S There be alſo many cuilſ wherewithall Foxeſ are annoyed, and firſt of all he falleth ſometime into madneſie aſ a Dogge, and the ſame euilſ follow a tmadde Foxe, which 'al— ready are manifeſted to accompany a mad Dog, and that more often in Summer then in winter. V bena Foxefeclethhimſelfe ſicke, nature hathtaught himito eate the gumofPine— treeſ, wherewithall he iſ not onely cured, butalſo receinethlength of daieſ. They are al— ſo vexed with the falling away of their haire, called therefore Alyperia, becauſe Foxebare moſt commonly vexedtherewich, and aſ weſee in planteſ , that ſome of them drye and conſume through want of moyſture to feede them, other areſuffocated and choaked by aboundance, and aſ it were drowned in humidity : ſo it happenech in haire, which grow— eth out of the body of beaſteſ, and the headeſ of men, no otherwiſe then plantſ out of the earth;andiare therefore to be nouriſhed by humourſ ; which if they faile and waxe drye, the haire alſoſhorteneth with them, and aſ it were rotteth away in length : but if they a— bound andionerflowe, then do they looſen the rooteſ of the haire, and cauſe them to fall off totally. Thiſ diſeaſe iſ called Alypecia, and the other Ophza//ſ,becauſe it iſ not generall, buton— ly particular in one member or part of the body or head, & thereit windeth or indenteth like a Serpentſ figure. MychaellFeruſ affirmeth , that ſometime the linerof the Foxe inflameth ,andthen it iſ not cured but by the vicerouſblood flowing to the ſSkin, and that euill blood cauſeth the Alopecia, or filling away of the haire, for which cauſe (aſ iſ already ſaid)ja Foxeſ ſkin iſ lit— tle worth thar iſ taken in the ſummer time. The length ofthe life of a Foxe iſ not certainely knowen, yet aſ Szumpſiuſ and otherſ affirme, it iſ longer then thelife of a Dog. If thevrineof a Foxefallvpon the graſſeor 0— ther Herbſ it drieth and killeth them,,and the earth remaineth barren euer afterward. The ſauour of a Foxe iſ more ſtrong then of any other vulgar beaſt, he ſtincketh at Noſe and taile, for which cauſe Marz/all calleth it OVidam Vulpem, an Olent or ſmelling beaſt. Hic olidam clamoſm ageſ in retia vnlpem. Touching the hunting or taking of Foxeſ, Lapprouc the opinion of Xeppphop, who a— uoucheth, eporen; capturam venatico ſtudia quam vulpium digniorem 5 that iſ, the Hun— ting of the Hare iſ a more noble game or paſtime then the hunting ofthe Foxe. Thiſ beaſtiſ more fearefull of a Dogge then a Hare, forthe onely barking of Doggeſ canſech him to riſe many timeſ from hiſ denne or lodgingſ out of the earth, or fromthe middle of buſheſ, briatſ, and brambleſ, wherein hehid bimſelfe : and forhiſ hunting thiſ iſ to be obſerued; that aſ in bunting of a Harcit hath beene already related, the Hunter muſtdrivethe beaſt with the winde , becauſe it hindereth hiſ refrigeration, ſo in hun— ting of a Foxe he driue him againe the winde, andthen he preventeth all hiſ craſfty and ſubtill agitationſ and diuiſeſ ; for it ſtayethhiſ ſpeede in running, and alſo Kkeepethhiſ ſa— vour freſh alway in the Noſe of the Dogſ that follow him : for the Doggeſ that killa Fox muſtbefwifte, ſtronge, and quicke ſented , an d it iſ not good to put on a few at once, but agood company rogether, for beaſſured the Eoxe will notlooſe hiſ owne bloodtilt hee hazzard ſome ofhiſ enemicſ, and withhiſ taile which he windeth cuery way, doth hee delude t © 29 40 a 9 10 20 40 Of the Foxe. 225 delude the hunterſ—when the Dogſ are preſſed neere vnto him;andare ready to bite him, Textor» he ſtrikethhiſ taile betwizxt hiſ Legſ, and with hiſ owne vrine wetteth the ſame, and ſo in— ſtantly ſtriketh it into the dogſ mouthſ, whereof when they haue taſted, ſo many of them aſ it touched will commontly leaue offand follow no farther. v Thorteethare exceeding ſharp, andtherefore they feare notto aſſaultor contend with beaſtſ! exceeding their ſtature;ſtrength,and quantity. Somtime he leapethvp into a tree, and there ſtandeth to beſeenc and bayed at by the Dogſ and Hunterſ, like aſ a Champi— . on inſome fort or Caſtle, and although firebe caſt athim, yet willhe not diſcend down a— ©/?**** mong thedogſ ; yea, be endureth to be beaten and pierced with Hunterſ {; peareſ, but at lengthbeing compelled to forſake hiſ holdeand give ouer to hiſ enemieſ, downe he lea. peth, falling vpon the crew of barking Dogſ, like a flaſh of lightning,and where he layeth hold there heneverlooſethteeth, or aſwageth wrath; til other dogſ hane torne hiſ limbſ, and drinenbreath out of hiſ body. i If atany time he take the earth, then with Terriour doggeſ they ferret him out of hiſ denagaine.In ſome placeſ they take vpon them to take him with netſ which ſildome pro— ueth, becauſe with hiſ teeth he teareth them in pieceſ'; yet by Ca/e#iwſ thiſ deniſe iſ allo— wedinthiſverſe: : Et laqueo Vulpeſ &r deeipe caſſe foinaſ. But thiſ muſt bewrought vnder the carthin the caueſ, denneſ, or fu rroweſ, made of pur— which iſ to be performedtwo manner of waieſ, one by placing the gin in ſome perch of Wood,ſo aſthat aſſoone aſ the beaſt iſ taken by the Necke, it may preſently fly vp and hang him, for otberwiſe with hiſ teeth hee will ſheare it aſunder and eſcape away aliue : or elſethat neere the place where the rope iſ faſtened, to ſlippe vppon theheade of the Foxe, there bee placed ſomethicke collor or brace, ſo aſ hee can nener bite it aſun— der. & I The Frenchhaue a kind of Ginne to take them by the Leggeſ (which they call Hauſcpt— edyand Thaue heard ofſome which haue found the Foxeſ Legge in theſame Gin, bit— A noble in—< ten off with hiſ owne teeth from hiſ body, rather putting himſelfe tothat torment with iennaneg hiſ owneteeth,then to exped& the mercy ofthe Hunter, and ſo wentaway vppon three & feet: and other haue counterfeited themſelueſ dead,reſtraining their breathand winking, not ſtirring any member when they ſawthe Hunter come to take them out of the Ginne, who comming and taking hiſ Legge forth, not ſuſpeG&ing any life in them ,{o ſoone aſ The ſubtlety the Foxe perceiueth himſelſe free, away hee went and never gaue thankeſ for hiſ delive— ;:f; (E::,mkct rance: for thiſ cauſe Blondwſ ſaith truely, that onely wiſe and olde Hunterſ arefit to take & Foxeſ, for they bave fo many deviſeſ to beguile men, and deliner themſeluſ, that it iſ hard to know when he iſ ſafely taken vntill he be throughly dead. They alſo vſe to ſet vp G inneſ for them bayted with Chickenſ in Buſheſ and Hedgeſ: butifthe ſetter benot at hand ſo ſoone aſ the Foxe iſ inſuared, itiſ daungerouſ but that the beaſt will deliver it ſelfe.— Inſome placeſ againe they ſet vp an iron toyle, hauing in it a ring for the foxe to thruſt in hiſ head, and throughthat ſharpe p ikeſ, at the farther end whereofiſplaced a piece of fleſh, ſo thatwhen the hungry foxe commeth to bite at the meateand thruſteth in hiſ head, the pikeſ ſticke faſt in hiſ necke, and he inevitably inſona— red: Moreoner aſ the harmefulneſſe of thiſ beaſt hath troubled many, ſo alſo they haue deviſed moc enginſ to deceive and take him ; for thiſ cauſe there iſ another pollicy to killhim by a bowe, fullbent, with a ſharpe arrow, and ſo tenderly placed aſ iſ a trap for a Mouſe, and aſſoone aſ euer the foxe treadeth thereon, preſently the arrow iſdiſcharged into hiſ owne bowelſ, by the waight of hiſ foote. Againe, for thekilling of thiſ beaſt they vſe thiſ ſleight, they take of Bacon—greaſe or Baconaſ much aſ oneſ hand, and roſt the ſame a little, and therewith annoint their ſhoe— ſoleſ, and then take the Liner of a Hogge cut in pieceſ, and aſ they come out of the wood where the beaſtlodgerh, they muſtſcatter theſaid pieceſ in their foote—ſtepſ and drawe the carcaſſe of a dead Catafter them, the ſauour whereof will provcke the beaſt to follow thefoot—ſtepſ, then haue they a cunning Archer or handler of a Gunne, who obſerneth and The beaſteſ thatareene— mieſ of foxeſ Albertuſ Gillinſ The Hiſtorie of Fourc—footed Beaſtſ. and watcheth in ſecrer tillthe Beaſt come within hiſ reach, and{ſo gineth Him hiſ great & deadly wound. a Wy tt J Butifthe Eox be in the earth, and they haue found hiſ denne then they take thiſ courſe to worke himout. They rakealong thing like a Bee—hive, and open at one end, raud yron wierſ at the other like a grate, andatthe openend iſ ſeta little doore to fall downe ;1ppon the mouth, and to incloſe the Foxwhen he entereth in by touching.of a ſmall. rod that ſup.. porteth thardoore. Thiſ frame iſ ſetto the Foxeſ denſ mouth,.and ctall theother paſſigeſ warched and ſtopped.The Fox hauing a deſireto go forth, & ſeeing light by the wierſ,miſ deemeth no harme, and entereth into.the hine which iſ wrought cloſe into the mouth of 19 hiſ den, and being entered into it, the rodde turneth the dorc_ſafl atthe lower end or en— trauace, and ſo thefox iſ intrapped, to be diſpoſed of at the yvxll ofthetaker. E Foxeſ are annoied with many enemieſ ,andto beginne with theleaſt, the ſmallflieſ and called gnatſ do much troubleand infed them, again{t whome the foxe vſeth thiſ policie: He taketh a mouthful of ſtraw or ſofthay ,0r haire, and ſo goeth into the water, dipping hiſ hinder partſ,by litle and litle, then the flieſbetake clȝcmſelucs to hiſheade, which hekee— pethout of water, which'the foxfeeling, dippeth or divethalſo the ſame vader water tohiſ mouth, wherein he holdeth the hay aſ aforeſaid, whereunto the flieſ runneth for ſanctuary or dry refuge, which the fox perceiuing, ſuddenly caſterh it out of hiſ mouth,and ruaneth out of the water, by thiſ meaneſ eaſing himſelfe of al thoſe enemieſ. In like manner, aſ al beaſtſ are hiſ enemieſ, and heefriend and louing to none, ſo with 29 ſtrength, courage, and policie, he dealeth with cuery one, not onely againſt the beaſteſ of the land, but alſo againſtthe monſterſ of the ſea.When he findeth a neaſtof waſpeſ in the earth, or in other placeſ,aſ in Treeſ,he laiethhiſ taile to the hole,and ſo gathereth into it a great many of them , which he preſently daſhethagainſt the Wall, or Tree,or ſtoneſ ad— ioyning, and ſo deſtroyeththem, and thuſ he continueth vntill he haue killed them al, and ſo maketh himſelfe executor to their heapeſ of hony. Hiſ manner iſ when he perceiueth or ſeeth a flocke of foule to flye in the aire, to rowle himſelfe inred earth, making hiſ ſ5kin to looke bloody, andlie vpon hiſ backe, winking with hiſ cie, and holding in hiſ breath aſ if he were dead, which thing the birdſ ,namely Crowſ, Ranenſ and ſuch like obſeruing, becauſe of the hatred of hiſ perſon, they for ioy alight& 3* triumph at hiſ onerthrow, and thiſ the fox indureth for a good ſeaſon, till oportunity ſer— uing hiſ turne; and ſome of the fowle comeneare hiſ ſnowt, then ſuddenly hee catcheth ſome one of them in hiſ mouth, feeding vpon him like a liuing and nor a dead foxe, and ſo doth denoure and eate him, aſ the Leopard dothdevoure and eate Apeſ, and the Sea—frog other little fitheſ. Inlikeſort he deceineth the Hedgehogge, for when the hedghog perceiueth the foxe comming to him, he rowleth himſelfe togither like a foote—ball, and {o nothing appeareth outward except hiſ prickleſ, which the fox cannor indureto rakeinto hiſ mouth, and then the crafty fox to compaſſchiſ deſire ,licketh gently the face and ſhowt of the Hedgehogge, by that meaneſ bringing him to vnfold himdelfe againe, and to ſtand vpon hiſ legſ, which 4 being done, he inſtantly devoureth, or elſe poiſoneth the beaſt with the vrine that he ren— dereth vpon the Hedgehoggeſ face : and at other timeſ hee goethto the waterſ, and with hiſ taile drawerh fiſheſ to the brimme of the River, and when that he obſerueth a good boo— ty, bee caſteth the Fiſheſ cleane out of the water vppon the dry lande, and then devoureth hem. Allkindſ of Hawkeſ are enemieſto foxeſ, and foxeſ to them, becauſe they line vppon Carrion,and ſo in the pronince of 7/ſ..Au/cen ſaw a fox and a Crow fight together a longe ſceaſon, and the Grow with hiſ talenteſ ſo bee gripling the foxeſ mouth, that he couldenot barke, and in the meane time ſhe beat and picked hiſ head with her bill votil he bled againe. The Eagleſ fight with foxeſ and kil them ,and O/awſ Magauſ affirmeth,that in the Northern 5 Regionſ they lay £ggeſ aud hatch their young in thoſe ſkinneſ which they themſeluſ have ſtripped offfromfoxeſ and other beaſtſ. TheKiteſ,Vultureſ,and wolueſ are enemieſ to foxeſ,becauſe they are al fleſh—denouring— creaturſ,but the fox which hath ſo many enemieſ, by ſtrength or ſubtiltieſ onercommethal YWWherc— Of the Foxe. 227 Whereupon reyſiuſ calletha ſubtill man a Foxe ; ſaying, Aſtut am vapido ſerwaſ ſub peictore wulpem. The medicinallvſeſ of thiſ beaſt aretheſe : firſt, (aſ Pliny and Marcelluſ afirmey a Foxſod — in watertillaothing of the Foxe be leftwhole exceptthe boneſ, and the Leggeſ or other I::;:ſi%ſi* partſ of a gouty body waſhed and.daily bathed therein, it ſhall drine away all paine and out o: Foxeſ. griefe, ſtrengthning the defectiue and weake memberſ ; ſo alſo it cureth all the ſhrinking vp and paineſ in theſinneweſ: and Galer atzributeththeſame vertue to an Hyena ſod in Oyle, and the lame perſon bathed therein , for it hath ſuch power to euacuate and draw forch whatfoeuer euillhumour aboyndeth inthe body of man, that it leaneth nothing Seateſ 10 hurtfull bebinde. Nevertheleſſe, ſuchbodieſ are ſoone againe repleniſhed through euill dyet, and relap—< ſedinto the ſame diſeaſeagaine. The Fox may be boyled in freſh or ſalt water with anniſe and time,.and with hiſ Skin on wholeand notflit,or elſehiſ head cut off, there being added to the decoctiontwopinteſ of oile. } The fleſh of a Fogeſod and layedto 2ſore birten by a Sea—hare, itcureth and healeth theſame. The Foxeſ ſkinne ( aſ iſ already ſaid ) iſ profitable againſtall moyſte fluxeſ in the ſkinne of the body;and alſo the gowt, and cold in the ſinneweſ . The aſheſ of Foxeſ fleſh burnt and drnnkinwine, iſ proſitableagainſtthe ſhortneſſe of breathand ſtoppingſ oftheliuer. Albertuſ 20 The bloodofa Foxe diſſeGed and taken forth ofhiſ vrine aline, and ſo drunke, brea— Sienmſ keth the ſtone in the bladder, or elſe (aſ AGrep/@ ſaieth) kill the Foxe,and taketheblood and drinke a cupfullthereof,andafterward with the ſame waſh thegenitall partſ and with— in an houre the ſtone ſhall be voyded : the ſame vertue iſ in it being dryed and drunke in winewithſugar. Oxycraton and Foxeſ blood infuſed into the Noſtrilſ of a lethargicke Horſſe, cureth A him . The faviſ next to a Bulſ and a Swineſ, ſo aſ the fat or larde of Swyne may be vſed for the fat of Foxeſ, and the fat of Foxeſ for the Swyneſ greaſe in medicine. Soime do heere— with annoynt the placeſ which haue the Crampe, andall trembling and ſhaking mem— berſ. The fatte of a Foxe and a Drakeimcloſed in the belly of a Gooſe, and ſo roſted, * 30 with the dripping that commeth fromit they annoynt paralytickememberſ. The ſame with powder of Vine twigſ mallified andſodin lye, attenuatethandbring— . eth downe all ſwelling tumourſ in the fleſh. Thefat alone healeth the Alopetiaſ and loo{.. Etiteſ neſſe of the haire ; it iſ commended in the cure of all ſoreſ and vicerſ of the head, but the galland fime with Muſtard—ſeede iſ more approued. The fat iſ alſo reſpected for the cure of paine in the eareſ, if it be warmed and melt at the fire and ſo inſtilled ; and thiſ iſ vſed __ againſttingling in the eareſ. If the haireſ rot away on a Horſſetaile, they recouer them 'ct:ct;ct againeby waſhing the place with vrine and branne, with Wine and 0 yle, and afterward Thilmnq/ius annoyntit with foxeſ greaſe. When ſoreſ or vicerſ haue procured the haire to fallof , ' _ fromthe heade, take the head of a younge foxe burned with the leaueſ of blacke Orcha— (Meatheoluſ bfyrtuſ go weſ and Alcyonium ,andthe powder caſt vpon the head recouerethagaine the haire. If the braine be often given to infantſand ſucking children, it maketh them that they ſball remaine free from the falling euill. P/yy preſcribetha man which twinkleth with hiſ eieſ, and cannot looke ſtedfaſtly, to weare in a chaine the tongue of a foxe ; and Afarcellmſ biddeth to cut out the tongue of a line foxe, and ſo turne þ 5) u EC——. cellmany otherſ: For the \ d { 8 abundanceof ſpotſ, their I 20 o /———— I 5 =—=> naturalland vniforme or— _————— | der, their ſhining ſplen————————— y dor and brightneſle, giucZl\ſſ\\ſi-\_:_ 2 \—__ ſ lace to no other party co—— ———=— ——>— = — liewſ Fourcd beaſt, aſ ygu ſiuy\ t ———— fSSSric> obſcrue in the true figure a thereofhere declared. Oftheſkinne. S p* In the next place Thauealſo thought good to expreſſe the figure of the Skin taken off which ſkinne, from the hea de to the toppeofthetaile waſ about foure ſpanneſ and one 30 palmelong, and the taile waſ aſ long aſ the body being ſeuered from the Skinne : the la— titude or bredth thereof in the middle, waſ about one ſpanne in bredth,the middle of the \ o 2 AN $7") \ E | gl{!{ſſſiſi(ctfſiffi \ y /\//ffiſiſiſi{ſi//?ſiſſſſſi/ \ſi/\\ſict vilf, "lHf \\\\*\o 07W BM .M h. ſ — "*==> a 2 t 7\///\/ . > t a aauiinſ | Z . 40 72 er mpment I. » FIeiaane..— 1 o e VMW ſſ.ſſſſ/ SfSS // S 8 S \ 7 ſ _.ſi/,ſſ J N \\\ p —DrC " \ ; Cl & huſbandry to keepe their young which they bring forthafter thoſe yearſ, but rather to kill them and make them away 5 So alſo itiſ not good to keepetheir firſtingeſ, or thoſe which —reemainion: are firſt of all engendered, but rather the ſecond or 3. ſeed of procreation, Some of them cation 2 , bring forth twinſ, and ſomemore, aſ itiſreported ofthe Goateſ of Egypt, which bring 8 Kidſ» forth fiue at a time, becauſe they drinke of the fruitfullriver of N#@zſ : for the Goat—heardſ of the country do give thereof to their cattle, and fetch it into all partſ of thatzegion ,and in Z//eria they breedtwice a yeare, bringing forthſometime three, foure, or fiue at once, — but 3. at a time are never to be kept, butkilled & eaten, for they are accounted notworch 4#/@® * their bringing vp ; onely cold maketh them to ſufferabortementeſ, and {ometimeſ they »,. iſfale ro bring forth monſterſ like to other cattle(forallittle beaſtſ are more apt to engender mon — ſterſ thenthe greater.) — A V , Concerning the time that they beare yong.,it iſ in Italy 8.yearſ ,and being fat they are ;ffiſi??ſſſſfx *notapt to conceine, wherefore they make them leane before they admit themto their bearing. buckſ. Onemale iſ ſufficient for ten femalſ, and ſom (ſaith /arrſ) prouide but one for 1 5+ (aſ Menaſ,yand other but one for 20.(aſ Marwſ.)Ther iſ no creatur thatſmellethſo ftrong The grong ly aſ doth a male Goat, by reaſon of hiſ immoderate luſt, and in imitation of them the la— ſmell or ſa— tineſ call men which haue ſtrong breathſ (@ize//) Goatiſh : whereupon Playzyſ ſaitch to Y;D*VZZZZZ anold lecherouſ fellow which couldnot keepe hiſ lipſ fromſlauering of women, f Cum ſiſ iam atatiſ plenuſ, anima foctida Io Senex hircole tu ofculere mulierenſ. And therefore Tiberinuſ Ceſir who waſ ſuch a filthy and greaſie—ſmelling old man,waſ cal— led (Hirewſ Vetoluſy an olde Goate, in the Ate/lenican cemadie . They conieCture ofmen that haue hairy legſ to be vnchaſt and full of Iuſt,by reaſon of their fimilitudt with a goat, and thoſe which haue ſhril and clamorouſ voice, the Grecianſ cal(Mazgo# )that iſ (Block— pyegrch, headſ.) Thoſe which hane cieſ like to goatſ they call Aggupſ/ Goat—cieſ, that iſ very red cieſ. The Egyptianſ affirm that their femal goatſ when S/#/zſ the ſtar in the beginning of dog—daieſ riſeth with theſun,do continually looke vpon the caſt, and that their attentive — obſeruation iſ a moſt certaine argument of the reuolution, that iſ the appearanceand de— A ſecrerin . 5 —— parture of the ſaid dog—daieſ. The like thingſ do the Libianſ report of their Goateſ con— Rat a 30 cerning that ſtar, and moreoucr that they foreſee and foreſhew chaunge of weather, for Argayſ they depart from their ſtableſ, and run wantonly abroad before ſhowerſ, and afterwarde hauing well fed oftheir owne accord returne to their foldſ againe. Concerning the deſcription of their ſeuerall partſ, it iſ good to follow the direction of Coſſniuſ, firſt to looke to their age (aſ iſ before ſaid ) if men deſire to prouide Goateſ for The deſcrip— — heard—breed and profit,ſo aſ theirKidſ may be like them, and they beare young or conti— a dthiioben nue procreation eight yeareſ at the leaſt. And for their outward partſ, letthem be firme, properticſ. great, well compacted, full of muſcieſ , and the ſuperficieſ of their whole body beſoft and equall, without buncheſ or indentureſ : therefore a thicke haire,two duggeſ hanging vn— der their ſnout or chin, are goodſigneſ of the beſt Goatſ. Thereare two kindſ of Geateſ,one horned,& ofthiſſort the long—ſharp—horned—beaſtſ, The ſeurrall 4 f : ; —*. kindſ of gotſ with broad forcheadeſ, are the moſtapproned, and by the circleſ of their horneſ their y +,, ageiſ diſcerned :But the vohorned are beſt for breed, procreation, and milke ,andſuch are the Caſpiam Goatſ, which are for the moſtpart white, flat noſed, and little ofgrowth. Their cieſ are very deepe in their headſ, and therefore their ſight ſharp, ftrong, and con— tinuall ſeeing bright and cleare in the night, but the colour of their eyeſ variable,like to Ac/amm the colour of their bodyeſ 5 The maleſ haue moe teeth then the femaleſ, for the femaleſ P/#y, want their vpper teeth : But maleſ and femalſ/haue large beardſ vnder their chinſ,& thiſ iſ called Arnmcnſ, (ſaith Ezypguſ) but the reaſow heereof iſ, becauſe that when a Goat iſ ta— ken by the beard and drawne out of the fold,all the reſidue ſtand amazed,and ſo alſo when any ofthem hath eatan Sea—holly{c ald Ezyngiam:) ſothat Ariſtatle confoundethE;jÞgir um fox Aruncum and ſotaketh one for another.. Once in Lepaioſ there waſ a Male—goate which had ſo much milkwrang out of hiſ papeſ.growing betwikthiſ legſ ,that therewith a Calfe by licking it receinued the beeſtingſ, but afterward the male Kid begorten by the ſame Goate had thelike vdderſ, whereat the owner being muchamazed, becauſeit waſ a prodigiouſ thing, forhiſ ſatiſfaGion aſked counſallat the. Oracle, from whomhe receir } | Sxrzomevilerdſ ) oLon oned a\ Of the Goate. Acliantſ, Loventinſ 234 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. — /—— | o Y///ct—ſi:j ſiſiſi%ſi% \ i& V . > | A =— a ued thiſ anſwer, thatit betokened nothing but plentifull encreaſe ofhiſ cattle . The fe— Orthagoruſ VACS have two vederſ vndertheir loineſ next to the ſmal of } their belly ,exceptthe Libian Ariſfaile Goateſ and their vdderſ lye vnder theirbreaſt or forepart of their belly , like an Apecſ. In Naxuſ the Goateſ haue greater galſ then in any other part of the world, and the forepart NWX . iſheld prodigiouſ : on the contrary yin Cha/e/ſ the Goateſ haue no gall at all. They have A'['*'"'ct_ . many bellieſ and'around melt which thing no other herned—beaſthath except a ſheepe. :.?f];ſitfſſj,ſijſiſ; Themaleſ have harſher haireſ then their femaleſ, and the Libian Goateſ hane haire aſ go of goatſ hair. long aſ womenſ, and very rough curled , which the inhabitantſ ſheare off euery year, and therewith the ſhip—wrightſ make gable ro peſ: but in C#/icia and Phrygiſ, they ſheare them Of the Goat. 235 and make the ſtuffe called Zobelſr : and another kind ofcloth called Mathalione. In Aya— Belluſ, biathey make tentſ of cloth compiled of Aſſeſ and goateſhaire, and it ſeemeth that C#/z— ciareceined hiſ name of thiſ kind of cloth, which iſ called in Latine Ciliciym, or elſe that, thiſ cloth waſ firſt inuented among them, wherevpon it received that denomination; but among the Grammarianſ and Poetſ, Lapa Caprina, (Goateſ wooll) grew to a prouerbe, to ſignifie a thing of no weight or moment, aſ it iſ in Hoyace: Alter rixatur de lana ſape caprina propugnat nugiſ armatuſ. Thereareanother ſortof Goateſ which are called Syrian Goateſ, andoſſome Mymbrin 0 Goateſ, and moſt commonly Indian Goateſ 5 becauſe they aremoſt noble in that coun— try, and that in Cop#ha 5 and likewiſe in the Region of Damiaza, for Mambre iſ a Mountaine OfÞeMerr neere Hebron; fromwhence it iſ probable, that the word Mambyiz commeth; wherefore . ;ſi,ſiſiiſi.}_"' Thaue thought good to expreſſe the figure both of the greateſtof that kizad,aſ it waſ taken by Antonixſuſa Braſawaluſ, Phyſitian to the Noble Duke Heycnleſ de eſte, at Ferrazia, by one oftheſe Goateſ brought thither to be ſeene. 20 30 Heſeleſſerwerefound © 24\| piured in an old ma— S CRE| auſcript in Germany, + 2 ct) which booke did in— £NCY) treate of the holy land. Thegreater Goate IconicAure to be theſamewhich Zeo Afer calleth Adi— 3 main Siand iſ founde in Maritania, being aſ tallaſ an Aſe, and hath very long broad eareſ pendaint, and vnder them next to their neckeſ two thingeſ like duggeſ or pappeſ, which hange downe from their throate, and theſe are moſt fruitefull in milke, and with theſe the Libianſ plowe, and keepe them in ſtead of Kicand other Cattle > I b,ct, N " The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. forthey milkethem, and oftheir milke make Butter and Cheeſe;theirhiaire iſ very ſhort, & they very gentleand familiar, ſo that the faide e affirmeth, that when he waſ a young man, and loned thoſe raſhand wanton ſportſ wherewithall youth are delighted, hee gotte vp vpon one of theſe, and rodegquietly vpon the back of it aboue a quarter ofa mile. They keepe being wilde in the deſertſ ot Lyb/4, and if attime they ſtray or wanderinto Mymidia, and the fieldeſ thereof, it iſ accounted by the people and inhabitaunteſ, a prodigiouſ and monſtrouſ thing. Theleſſer kind I conicAure to be the right Membyine or Syriaſ Goat, although ſome of the late writerſ call it an Indian Goat, the reaſon iſ , becauſe (aſ hath beene'ſaid) they cal al ſtrange beaſtſ by the nameſ of Indianſ, if they find them notin their owne countrey. The eareſ of it arelargeand broad , aſ the piQure defcribeth, and ſuch eareſ haue the Goateſ of Gallia—Naxzbon, being at the leaſt aſ broade aſ a manſ ſpanne, theyareof colour like wilde— Goateſ, theirhorneſ verye ſharpe, and ſtinding not farre diſtant one from the other, and hane ſtoneſ like a ſtone horſe, being in alother partſ not valiketo the vulgar and common Goat. Some curiouſ heardſinen (aſ Alew.208# and Archelawſ) have delinered to the world, that goatſ take breath thorough their eareſ, and Phy/eſ approueth their conceipt, becauſe hee had ſeene an experiment of a Goat, that hiſ mouth and noſtrilleſ being ſtopped faſt, nener— theleſſe he ſeemed not to be troubled for want of breath : and for thiſ alſo iſ alleadged the authority of oppiannſ, who writech of certaine wilde goatſ called (A2garz,) that they have a certaine hole or paſſage in the middle of their heade, betwixt the horneſ, which goeth di— realy vnto the liger, and the ſame ſtopped with liquid VWaxe, ſuffocateth or ſtifleth the beaſt. Ifthiſ be true (aſ I woulde not any way extenuate the authority of the writer) thenit iſ very likely that ſome haue(without difference) attributed to all kindſ of Goatſ that which waſ propper to thiſ kindealone, for the former opiniontſ not reaſonable : Neuercheleſſeg leaue euery man to hiſ owne liberty of belecuing or refuſing. There iſ no beaſt that heareth ſo perfedtly and ſo ſure aſ a Goat, for he iſ not only holp in thiſ ſence with hiſ eareſ, but alfo hath the organ of hearing in part of hiſ throate, where— fore when the Egyptianſ deſcribe a man which hath an excellent eare, they exprefle him by a goat.There are ſomckind of goateſ in Illyriawhich hane whole hooneſ like a horſe,and theſearc onely founde in that Region : In all other Nationſ of the worlde, they are clonen— foored. J The vſe of their ſeueral partſ iſ ſingular, and firſte of al to beginne with their ſkinne, the people of Sardinia ( aſ ſaith Mymphidoermſ) nouriſh goateſ for their ſkinneſ, whereof they make them garmentſ, being dreſſed withthe haire vponthem, and they affirme ſtrangevit— tue in them : namely that they heat their bodieſ in the Winter, and coole them in the ſum— mer, and the haireſ growing vppon thoſe ſkinnneſ are a cubitlong, therefore the man that weareth them in Wintertime, turneth the hary ſide next to hiſ bodie, and ſo iſ warmed by it : and in Summer, the raw ſide, and ſo the baive keepeth the ſunne from piercing lhiſ ſkin and violence of hear: And thiſ alfo iſ vſuall in S22#74,where the women weare gzmZcncs ot * Goatſ haire in the winter, and alſo make their childrenſ coatſ thereof ,aAccording to Virgilſ ſaying in Morerſo, } Et cind uſ villoſ ſ tegmine Capra. : For thiſ cauſethe Merchantſ buy them rough in thoſe partſ of Sawey neer Genemſa.and theit choyſe iſ, of the young oneſ which dienaturally, or arekild, or elſ ſuch aſ were not aboue 2. yearſ old. The Tirianſ in the Perſian war, wore vpon their backeſ goat—ſkinſ. In auncient time they made hereof D/phrera,that waſ a kind of parchment, wheron they wrote on both ſideſ, and had the name in Greeke from that vſe :,which Hermo/awſ by a metaphorical allu= ſion , ( called Opiſtographi.From the vſe of theſe in garmentſ,came the apellation of harlotſ tobe cald re/liceſ, and a whoreſ bag waſ called Peyu/a—Scortea, ſirch a one iſ vſed by pilgtimſ which go to viſiethe church of Saint Iameſ of Calec,and ſuch Carrierſ or foote—poaſteſ had wont to vſe in their iournieſ, which cauſed Mazz/a//to write thuſ : | Ingrediareviam coelo licet v/if,ſereno An ſubitaſ nuſquam ſcorteadepit aqmaſ. c The YOF the (ffmte. 237 The Sandalſ which men werewont to weare on their feete in the Eaſt Countrieſ, were alſo made of Goatſ ſkinſ, and there waſa cuſtomſ in 4#hezaythar men for honour of Bac— chuſ , did dance vpon certain bottelſ madeof Goitſ ſkinſ ,and fulofwind, the which were placed in the middeſt of the Theatreyand the dauncer waſtowſe but one Leg, to the in— ternt thadhiemight offenfall from thedlippery bortelſ, and make thepeopleſport; where— vato Virgzſil[a'llud_cd thiſſayingr@diumon boog olcorud ſ ledintbrnſ cozod boeno Mollibeſ inpratiſvnitoſ ſallerepromwitrerd—Lod : . Ulinynſ Thereiſalſo a Ladanamrtrec in Carmazia, by the.cutting of the birke wherdofthere yſſl— ethforthacertaine gumme, whiclychey take andpreferac in aGoatſ ſkin; their vſe in war ro wherein'the Souldierſ were wontto lie all winter; and therefore' we readthatlC/awdi#ſ the ' Emperouthad ginen him thirty temeſ of Goatſ »kinneſ forhiſ Souldierſatrendant vdon therindgeſ: and the Marrinerſalloby theſedefended—themſelueſ from the wiolence of ſtormeſ vpon the ſea :and ſo IMleatie thiſ—part ofcthe beaſt with remembrance' of, thag whichiſwritten in holy ſcriprureHebvirl tharthepeopleof God inancientrimeſ did fly away'from the rage of perſecition; beingapparetled or rather meanely diſpuiſed in goar ſkinſybeing charitably holped by the beaſteſ, thatwerecruelly:putto:—deathiby wretched memiw i Sd7 59 a3or, bofeciih or 3 *Inthenext place the millke ofGoatſcommieth to beconſidgreid for thatallo hath bin, iſ, and wilbe of great account for Butterund Cheeſe, which thewiritorſ call Tyrgpocia, and The milke of 20 Virgill celebrateth theſingnlar comimendation both of the Wolland of the mrilke in theſe 5 verſeſ3 t 5 5 Hctſſet-qrlaqut nopCura nobiſ lenioretnenda ©! Neeminor vſ#ſ erit quamuiſ Mileſiamagno : Velleramutentur Tyrioſ incoctarnboreſ Dewſtor hineſoboleſ hine largi coptn lattiſ | Quomeagiſ exhauſto ſpumanerit vberemuliira : Letamiagiſ preſſiſ manabunt fluminamanoniſ { Neerminuſ intercabarbuſ, incanague minta } OCyniphij tondent hirci ſetaſque comanteſ 30 Vuſin Caſtrorum : Cy miſeriſ velamina nawtiſ, Therfore their milkiſ profitable for Butter, although inferior to a Cowſ, yetequall to 2 o mcan ſhcepeſ, and—the heardſmen give their goarſ ſaltbefore they be delinered of their young, Goatſ milke for thiſ maketh them to abound in : milke. Otherſ with Goatſmilkepreſeruetheir Wine Afert from: corriiption by ſowreneſ ; firſtthey put into!their—wine the twentyethpartſo much o ffecve! ih aſ iſ of the Wine, andſolet it ſtand intheſame veſſell couered three or foure daieſ, aftet— the milike of ward they turne it intoaſweet andfreſh veſſell, and ſo.itremainethpreſerued. from all an— Sotſſ. noyance of ſonreneſle. 1 dht Cheefeſ made of Goatſ milke were wont to be called Ve/abrenſeſ Caſ@i,becauſe among | the Romianſ they were made at Velabrum, and thatwithſmoke, whereupon Martial made thiſ Di/fichen 5 Non quemcungue focum nec fumum caſ cuſ omnem ©Sed velabrenſem qui bibit :1pſe ſapit. } Ariſtorle and Tuliuſ pollux doe commend the Sicilian Cheeſe, which waſ made of ſheepe and Goatſmilke rogether, and by Athenewſ it iſ called (Caſenſ Tromilicuſyandby Simoni— deſ Stromiliuſ. In Rhatia of Helnetiathere are excellent Cheeſeſ made'of Goateſ milke and cow—mile mixed together. The milkealſo of a Goat mixed to a womanſ milke iſ beſt Heppoluſ for the nouriſhment of man, becauſe it iſ not too fat, yet Galew ſaith.ifit be caten without & Hony, water, andſalt,it curdlech in the belly of a manilike a cheeſe and ſtrangleth him;and 5"© being ſo vled it purgeth the belly : from thence came thefiction of the Poetſ, that Zupiter waſnourſed by a Goate, and that afterward in hiſ warre againſtthe 7%/taxeſ or Giantſ, he ſflew that Goate by the counſellof Themiſ and wore her ſkin for an armour; and ſo hauing obtained vidtory placed the Goate among the ſtarſ, wherupon ſhe waſ called Aixowzania, atieauenly Goate, and 16 Geymaniewſ Ceſar made thiſ verſe vpon him, and Zapirer him— ſelfe waſ called _Agiochuſ : Iſ Agiochuſ., Of the fleſh of Goatſ. Acgineta. Albertuſ, Textor, Pliny, Hermolauſ. Paxſaniteſ Pallagdine, Archachineſ, V arimuſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. —Lllapntatur Nutrix efſe Iouit ſivere Inpiter infanſ Vhera Cret a malfiit fidiſaimaCapr a . Sydere qua claro gratum teſtatur alumuum } The fleſh of male Goatſ iſ not wholſome for manſ body;: but the fleth of a female in the ſpring and fall of the leafe,by reaſon of the ggod noutiſhment may be earen withoutdan. ger. They are worſethenbul—beefe, becaute they atedbarper in Cvn}coctlon and hotter, wherefore if they diſgeſtnot well, they increaſemelancholy. Theliver of a;ſ Goat bein eaten, doth bring the falling ſickneſſe; yet being ſalred agood ſpace, and then foddewith Vine brauncheſ or other ſuch broad leaueſ,; to keepe them. aſunder, and{ome wine pou— red into the water when theyare almoſtſod, they become very ſweet and delicate meate; and therefore the Arherianſ praiſed the Lacedemonianſ, that in their feaſtwhich they.cal— led Copide, they flew a Goat; and held it for a devine meat. 7 ot Alſo clromachuſ an Academicke of Carthage,relateth of a certaine ThebaneChampion, which excelled in ſtrengch all the Championſ of hiſ time, and that he did eat continually Goatſ fleſh, forit iſ very:ſtrong and remaineth a long ſeaſon in the body,& doth much good being diſgeſted, notwithſtanding the ſtrong and ranke ſmell thereof, otherwiſeit iſ dangerouſ aſ iſ already—{did, thereforeiE/e,4 having commended the Kydd, whenhee commeth to ſpeake of the Goat;he writech thuſ : : Cum male olet ſictatſfit iam caper improbuſ,abſit : Et Cadat ante focoſ vidima Bacche tuoſ. But Plany affirmeth, that if a male Goat cate Barley—bread or. Parſnepſ waſhed, the ſame day that he iſkilled, then there iſ no poiſon in hiſ ficſh ; the ſtoneſ of a Bucke—goat, reſiſt concodtion, and beget euilhumorſ in the body : whereforeſuch a banket iſ cald in Greek (Tragoſ Hulibertaſy for Goatſ after their copulation, havean euillfleſh, not far, but dry, and the remedy to maketheirfleſh ſweeter, iſ to geld the male when he iſ young and ten— der,for ſo hiſ temperature iſ amended by a coldand moiſt conſtitution. The inhabitantſ o f Portugalleat Goatſ fleſh, and account it delicate meat 3 eſpecially ſuch aſ dwell in the mountaineſ.In Gerimany they make of it a kinbof meat which iſ cal— 20 led £lobuuſſ?,and iſ prepared on thiſ manner: they take a Goatſ Hart newly taken out of 39 hiſ bodie, and ſlit it into ſmall peeceſ,and break ſix Egſ vpon it, and the crumſ of white bread,ſeaſoned withſpiceſ and Saffron, and ſo put into a bagge, andſod or roaſted:af— terwardthey are ſerued vpon the table , and ſtrewed ouer with kirchenſuger. The gutſ being ſalted are called (Z/%ſ) which the Frenchſtuffe like pudingeſ , and call them/(Sa@leiſſeſy from whence commeth our Engliſhſawſadge; of thiſ ſewetand farte of Goatſarethe beſt candleſ made, becauſeit iſ hardand notonerliquyd . The bloode of a Goat hath an vnſpeakeable propertic,for itſcoureth ruſtie yron better then a file,italſo ſoftneth an Adamant ſtone, and that which no fire iſ able tomelt; nor yroa to break, be— ing of ſuch an invincible nature,;that it contemnerhal violent thingſ, yet iſ it diſſolued by the warme blood of a Goat. The Load—ſtone drawethiron, andthe ſame being rubbed with garlicke, dieth and looſeththat propertic, but being dipped againe in goatſ blood, reviuethand recouereth the former nature. = Ofthaneſ, preſcribeth for a remedy of loue, thevrine of a Goate to be mingled with Spicknard, and ſo drunk by him which iſ ouercome with that paſſion ,aſſuring him there— by that they thal fal inaſ great lothing aſ euer before they wer in louing. With the hoofſ of a Goat they drive away Serpenteſ,and alſo with the haireſ by burning and perfuming them in the place where the Serpentſlodge.With the horneſ of goatſthey make Boweſ, forin Deloſthere waſ dedicated the horn of a Goat, which waſ two cubitſ long and a ſpan; and hecreat ought no man to wonder,for that noble bow of Pardaruſ which Homer com— mendeth, waſ made of a horne of a female Goat. Affricanuſ declareth,that in auncient time they made fruitful their Vine—yardſby thiſ meaneſ : they tooke three horneſ of a female goat, and buried them in the earchwith their pointſ or topſ downeward, to the root of the Vineſtockſ, leauing the hollow topſ, ſtan— ding a lirtle out of the ground, and ſo when the raine deſcended, it filled the horneſ, and ſoked to the roote of the Vine, perſwading themſelueſ thereby that they received no ſmall 40 50 Of the Goate." 239 fimalladuantageintheir Grapeſ."The ganl of a Female—goat put into a veſſeland ſet in the carth, iſ ſaid by Albextmſ to haue a naturall power in it to draw Goateſ vhito it, aſ though they'receined great commodity thereby. Likewile, ifyou would haue whitehaireſ to growin any part of a Horſeſ ſhaue off the haire andannoint the placewith the gall of a Goat, ſo ſhall you haue your deſire. The Sabearſ, by reaſon of the continuall vſe of Mir— rhe and Frankinſerſſ, grow to a loathing of thatſatiour : for remedy of which anoyance, they perfome their houſeſ by burning ſtirackeſida goatſ ſkinſ./And thuſ much for the ſe— vcrall partſ of a goat. f f There wereimancient time three kindeſ of Heardſmen which receitned dignity one zo aboue another ; che firſt were called (Bwcolliciy Neat—heardſ, becauſe they keepe the grea— ter Cartell: the ſecond vereſ Opi/ioneſ) Shepheardſ, of their attendaunce vponſhecepe: thetbird, laſt, and loweſtkind, were termed, Acpal#and Caprar# , that iſ (Goattheardſ)or keeperſ of Goateſ, and ſuch were the Zoge#zt/inſ, who were called Ozole, becauſe of theyr filthy ſmell, for they had the moſt parte of their' conuerſation amonge other beaſteſ. * — A Goate—heard orkeeper of theſe cattle muſt be a ſharpe ſtearne,harde ; laboriouſ, patient, bold and chearefull, and ſuch a one aſ can eaſily run ouer the rockſ through the < Wilderneſſe, and among the buſheſ without feare or griefe, ſo that he muſtnot follow hiſ flockelike other heardſ, but gocbefore them : they muſtalſo be light and nimble, to 20 followthe wandering goatſ, that runne awaie from theirfelloweſ, and ſo bringthem back againe, for Goateſ arenimble, mooueable, and inconſtant, andtherefore apttodepart awaie, except they be reſtrained by the heard and hiſ Dogge. Neither haue Goateſ a Captaine or Bell—bearer like vato ſhegpe, whom they follow, but euery:one iſ direGted after hiſ owne will, and heerein appeareth the pride of thiſ beaſt, thathe ſcorneth to coume behind either catell or ſheepe, but alwaieſ goeth before 3 and alſo in their owne heardeſ among themſelueſ, the Bucke goeth before the Female,forthe reverence of hiſ beard(aſ eAlianuſ faith) the labor of the goat—heard muſt be to ſee hiſ cattel well fed abroad in the day time , and wellfoulded at night, thefirſt rule therefore in thiſ huſbandry iſ to deuide the flockeſ, andnotto put any great number ofthem together, for heerein they differ 30 fromſheep , who loue to line together in multitudeſ, aſ it were affecting ſociety by which they thrive better,and mournenotſo much aſ when theyare alone:but goatſ loueſingu— larity, and may well be called Schiſmatikſ among Cattell, and therefore they thrive beſt lying together inſmalinumberſ, otherwiſe, in great flockeſ they are ſoone infected with the peſtilence, and therefore in France;they carenot to haue Magnoſ Gregoſ ſed plureſ:not greatflockſ, but many. & The number of their flockeought not to exceede fifty, wherenpon Farz2 wriggth thiſ ſtory of Gubinmſ a Roman Knight, who had a field vnder the ſuburbeſ containinga thou— ſand Akerſ of paſture ground , who ſecing a poore goat—heardbring hiſ goatſ enery day to the citty, andreceiued for their milke a peny a peece, he being led with conctouſneſſe, 40 proponed to himſelfethiſ gaine, that ifhe ſtored hiſ ſaid fielde with a thouſand Milch—fe— male—goateſ, he alſo ſhould receinefor their milke a thouſand penceaday ; whereupon he added action to hiſintent, and filled hiſ fielde with a thouſand goarteſ, but the euent fell out otherwaicſ then he expeGed:for in ſhort time the multitude infeeted one another, and ſo he loſt both milke and fleſh, whereby it iſ apparant, that itiſ not ſafe to feed great flockſ of theſe cattell together. In Zzdian, in the Region Co/rh2, the inbabitanrſ give their milch—goateſ dried fiſheſ to eate, but their ordinary foode iſ leaueſ, tender brauncheſ, and bougheſ of treeſ, and alſo buſheſ or brambleſ ; whereupon Virgill wrot in thiſ mauner : Paſcuntur vero (iluaſ & ſwmma Lycat morenteſque ruboſ & amanteſ ar Fua dumoſ. They loue to feede on the Mountaineſ better then in the vallieſ and greenefieldeſ ; al— waieſ ſtriving to licke vp the yuic or greenplantſ, or to climbe vpontreeſ, cropping off with their teeth all maner wild herbſ , and if they be reſtrained and incloſed in fieldſ, then they doethe like to the plantſ that they find there, wherefore there waſ an auncient law a— mong the Romanſ, when a man let out hiſ ground to farme heſhould alwaieſ condition and 50 24.0 The Hiſtorie of, Foure—footed Beaſtſ. and exceptwith the farmer that heſnould.not breedeanyGoate inhiſ ground, for their teethare encmieſ to alltender planteſ ; their teeth are—allq; exitiable to a tree, and P/iny atd Zarro affirme, thatthe Goate by licking the Olive tree makerh it barren 5 —for which cauſe in ancient time, A Goate waſ not ſactifized to AMiner»ſ to whom the Olynewaſ ſa— cred. : ' Therciſ no .creature that feedeth vpon ſuch dinerſity of meat aſ Goatſ,for which cauſe theyare elegantly brought in by Euypſ// the olde Poet, bragging of theyr belly cheare, wherein they number vp above fiueand twenty ſeveral thingſ, dlffcrcnt_m name, nature, and taſt : and for thiſ cauſe, Zu/Zarhim defended by ſtrong argument againſt Di/arinſ,that 1 * men and cattell which feede vpon diuerſthingſ, haveleſle health then thoſe beaſtſ which eate one kind of fruite alone. They loue Tameriſke, Alderne,Elme—tree, aſſarabacke, and a tree called A/agernuſ,which neuer beareth fruit but only leaneſ: alſo three leaned—graſſe, yuie, the hearbe Ladſ, which groweth no where but in Arabia, whereby it commeth to paſſe, that many timeſ the haire of Goatſiſ found in the gumbe called Ladanum, for the peopleſ greedy deſire ofthe gumbe, cauſeth them towipethe inyce from the Goateſ beard. For the increaſe of milke in them , gine them Cinguefoyle fiue daieſ together before they drinke, or elſe binde Dittany to their bellieſ,,or (aſ Zacwwſ tranſlateththe wordſ out . Arifecile. of Affricanuſ y you may lay milke to their bellieſ,belike by rubbing it thereupon. The wild Goatſ of Creete, eate dittany aforeſaid againſtthe ſtrokſ of Darcſ: and Serapion auoucheth 15 by the experience of Galeſ, that goatſ by licking the leaueſ of Tamariſke, looſe their gall, and likewiſe that he ſaw them licking Serpentſ whichhad newly loſt their ſkinſ, and the e— vent therof waſ,;that their age neuer turned or changedinto whiteneſſe or other externall ſigneſ thereof, Alſo it iſ deliuered by good obſercuation that if they eate or drinke out of veſſelſ of Ta— Conſtantinuſ mariſke, they ſhal neuer hane any Spleen ; if any one of them eate Sea—holly, the reſidue oftheflocke ſtand ſtilland will not goe forward, till the meate be out of hiſanouth. The Grammarianſ ſay that Chimara waſ killed by Bellerophon the ſon of Glancſ in the Mountain IJzciuſ,and the reaſon heereof iſ, that the Poetſ fained Chim@eratobee compoſed of a Lyon, 2 Dragon, and a Goate, and in that mountaine allthoſe three werekept and fed:for 30 in the top were Lionſ,in the middle were Goatſ, and alſoat the foot thereof Serpentſ. If they ſufferheate or cold they are much endaungered, for ſuch iſ their nature that they auoideallextremity, and the femaleſ with younge aremoſt of al moleſted with cold. If {hey }Lauc conceined in the W yriter then many abortementeſ or caſting their young fol— owerh. In like ſort ithapneth if they eate Walnutſ (and not to their full) vnripe, therefore ei— ther they muſtbeſuffered to eate of them toſaciety, or elſe they are not to be permitted Dieſcordeſ to them. Ifatany time they eate Scammony, Hellebore, Leſſeron, or Mercury, they are much troubled in their ſtomach, and looſe their milke,eſpecially the white Hellebor.The publi— 4 canſ in the prouince of Cyrere haue all the gouernment of the paſtureſ,, and therfore they Pliy, permitnot Benzwine to grow in their country ſinding thereby greate gaine 5 and if ata— ny time their ſheepe or goatſ meete with any braunch thereof, they eate it geedily, but the ſheepe immediarly fall to ſleepe and the goateſ to Neezing. Agolethroſ and Sabine are poyſon to Goateſ . The Herbe called in Greeke Rhododendron, and may be engliſh— gd Roſe—tree, iſ poyſon to goateſ, and yet the ſame helpeth a man againſt thevemonof erpentſ. PThc prickle or ſpindle— tree (called alſo Exonim@mſ) which groweth in the Mount O@— »inſ (called Ordymo)yabout the bigneſſe of a pine—apple—tree, hauing ſoft leaueſ like the ſame, and it buddeth in September, and the flower iſ like to a white violet flower ,thiſ kil— 59 Horuſ leth Goateſ, except they be purged with bla.ck Hellebor imediately after they hane eaten thereof, The Egyptianſ when they wil deſcribe a man denouring ſheepe or Goatſ, they picture the herbe C#/ilago or Comyza, becauſe it alſo killeththem. Alſo aſ Clodryſppuſ af firmeth they auoide Cumin, for it maketh them mad or bringeth vpon them lethargieſ» and ſuch like infirmitieſ. — ® He & Achanuſ, Of the (ffoat@. — 24.1 Heanoydethalſothe ſpettle of man, for it iſ hurtfull to:him, and to the Sea—fiſh Srolppen— dra, and yethceateth many venemouſ herbeſ and groweth fatthereby; and thiſ alſo may E**** beadded, that Goatſ grow fat when they are with young , but by drinking of Honey they areweakened, and indaungered of death, Concerning their drinke, it iſ neceſſary for a SkilfullGoat—herd to obſerue the nature of the beaſt, and the beſt time and place of their' warering, according to the ſaying of izgill : i . ; d ig o rerbox_—=— r=mbeo frondentia Capriſ > 5 Arbitaſufficere cofluuioſ prebere recenteſ.. Fadl or nſ zo IntheSummer theyare to be wateredtwice a day, andatother timeſ once onely in the afternoone: but it iſ reported of the Goatſ of Cephalen?a, that they drinke noteuery daic. , , ffecth like other goatſ, butonely once ortwice in ſix monethſ, and therefore they turne them— 75,4,,; ſelueſ to the winde or cold aireof theſea; andb\)/f&fiwning,ſuckc into their mouthſ or bel— Ae/;zn=», lieſ that which ſerneth them inſtead ofwater . When the tun declineth, theylieaidlooke not vpon oneanother but on the contrary ,and they which l?dg; inthe fieldſitake vppe their reſt among their acquaintance: Butit they be vſedto foldor houſeytheyremember, it, aad repaite thither of their owne'accord :which thing cauſed the Poct towrite in thiſ maner: i f | Atgueipſa memoreſ redeunt in tecl a \no{que 20 Ducunt:& gmtmdo [uperaut vix mbere limen. : Concerning their ſtableſ or houſeſ to lodge in for their defenceagainſt thecolde, the diligent heard—man muſt obſcrue, that nothing muſtbelayed vnder the Goat to lie vpon, and ic iſ beſt to makehiſ ſtable vpon ſtoneſ , or ſome ſuch hard flower , and the ſime muſt bee kept and turned dric euery day from annoyance oftheir dung.for that hurteth their headſ.It iſ goodto er the window ofthcir ſtable to the Sun,and from the wind;according to the counſell of yirgill ; ſ Columellaſ Et ſtabula a ventiſ hyberno opponere'ſoli, 30 . Admedium connerſ2 diem cam frigidmſ olim JumCadit extremogue irrorat Adquarinſ anno. Although goatſ be ſtronger then ſheepe, yerthey are neuer ſo found, for in buying and ſelling of them, he waſ neuer accounted a wiſe man, that either hoped to—buy, or promi—» ſed to ſell withour fault.It waſ ſufficient in open market phiceſ, when and where goatſ wer to beſold, to promiſe, Hodie capraſ reite eſſe crbiberepoſſe & eaſlicite habere, that iſ, that the day of their ſale they were well, and could drinke, and they were hiſ owney and it waſ Tawfull for him to haue them. —: nic Butfarther no man waſ vrged, for (Archelawſ ſaythy they are enuer febrivitunte, becauſe 40 their breath iſ whotter, and their copulation more fiery, and therefore their heardmen muſtnot be vnprouided of good and ſufficient medicine to helpe them, andnot onely a— gainſttheir naturall diſcaſeſ,but alſo cheircontinual horn—woundſ which they gine one a nother by their often fightmgſ, and allo when they aſpire to climb vpon ſteepe and cra— gy pointed rockeſ or treeſ, they ofren fall and are wounded, inſuch caſeſ they haue no ſuch Phyſitian aſ their keeper , whoſe bagge and box muſt be aſ an Apothecarieſ ſhoppe to yeelde continuall remedieſ to all theiragreeuanceſ. & The beſt mcaneſ to preſerue them in healthnext to a good dietand warmelodging ,iſ, to plant AZyſſop neere to their ſtabling houſeſ.And their continuallagueſpoken of before — iſ profitable to their body, for when it departethand leaueth them, preſently they petiſh pixevinn anddic.Shcepe and Goatſ hane a natural foreſight of the peſtilence or murrain of earcth— a g quakeſ, and of wholeſome temperate Weather, and of aboundance and ſtore of fruiteſ ; but neither of both Thall bee eucr infeſted by the peſtilence, if you give iihcm the powder of a Storkeſ Ventricle or mawe one ſpoonfull therofin Water euery — dlay. And whereaſ all otherkind of Cattell when they are ſicke conſume and pule away biy Quiuiliuſ, f y Y kittlſ 24% (Celinſſ Achianuſ. Pliy. Probuſ The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. lietleandlittle,onely Goateſ periſh—fiiddenly, infomuch aſ allthat a_re'ſickcſiarc vnreco— ucrable, and the other of the flockemuſt be inſtautlyler blood and feparated—before the infectionouerſpread all, and the reaſon of their Auddenw death; :iſ becauſe:cofitheir a. boundance of foode, which miniſterch ſpeedy flaxefor the fire of their _diſcaſe to burne, Atſuch rimeſ they muſtnot feedeall the day long, but onely thriceor foure timeſ A day be led forth to graſſe, and brought in againe to their ſtableſ. 598ſ an! If any other ſickneſſeannoy them they are to be cured with reede, and the rooteſ of white Thorne beate together with yron Peſtleſ, and—mingled with raine Wiater, andſo jnen to the Cartellto be drunke : butif thiſ medicinie helpe hot; themcither ſellthem a— way, or.elſe killthem, and ſaltthem fill you mind to.eate them..Goateſarenotitro ubled 10 witch Liceor Nitſ butonely with Tickeſ. io0g fin Thereiſacertaine Wine called Me/ampodion, thereport iſ that one Me/amzzaſa ſhep. » herd hadit reuealed vntohim, to curethe madneſſeofa Goateſ 5 iviſ: madeof blacke Elle. boryand goatſ milke.:Goatſ are alſo moleſted and ſubieG tothe falling ſickneſſe and thiſ iſ knownleby their voyce and cold moiſt braineſ ; and therefore: cheRoman prieftſ were commaunaded too abſtaine from touching ſuch beaſtſ. ; *Theyarealſorroubled with the gowtſ the Female—goate eaſeth the paine ofhereyeſ by pricking them vpon a Bul—cuſn, and the Male—goate by pricking them vpon a Thorne, andſo pituitouſ matter followeth thepricke , whereby the ſightiſreconered without a— any harme done to the Apple; and fromhenceit iſ ſuppoſed, thatthe Phyſitianſ learned 26 their Parakenteſiſ pricking offore eieſ with a necdle. The FEemaleſ neuerwinke in their leepe, being heerein like the Roe—buckeſ. There arecertaine birdſ (called Capri—mw/g7) becauſe of their ſucking of Goateſ, and when theſe orany of them haveſucked a Goate ſhe—preſently falleth blinde. Ifatany time ſhe be trou— bledwith the Dropfic; an yſtue muſtbemade vnder her ſhoulder, and when the hamour iſ anoyded; ſtop vp the hole with liquid pitch. They drinke the ſeede of Seſeliſ to make them hauve an caſie deliveranceoftheir younge, and for that catniſeColumella preſcribeth apinte ofſod corneand Wine to be infuſed into their throateſ in that extremity ; their other maladieſ being like vntoſheepe, we will reſerne their deſcription and cure to that Hiſtor . ) 0 Thycſc Goateſ haue inauncienttimeſ beene vſed for ſacrificeſ, not onely by the So— | ueraigne commaunde of almightye God, but alſo by the practiſe of Heathen people, for their perfetſactifice which confiſted of a Rain, a goate, a Hog, anda Bull, waſ called He— catombe and Trytt1ſ. The reaſon why Swine and goateſ were ſactificed among the heathen, waſ becauſe the Swinedig vp the earth with their Noſeſ, and rooted out the Corne, they wereſacri— ficed:to Cereſ; and the Goatſ ſpoile the Vineſ by biting, for which cauſe, they ſactificed him to Bacchmſ 5 thatſo the drunken God might bee pacified with the bloode of that Beaſte, whoſe hallowed grapeſ hee had detioured : Whereuppon thePoet Wryteth thuſ: 40 o > Suſ dederat penaſ exemplo territuſ horum Palmite debueraſ abſtinuiſſe Caper Quem ſpeCTanſaliquiſ denteſ in vite permentenſ Talia nontacito ditt a dolore dedit Rode caper vitemtamen hinccum ſkabiſ adar aſ In tua quod ſpargicornuapoſſit, erit. When they ſacrificed a goate in Grzecia, they tried him by givuing him Peaſe or cold water to drinke, which if he refuſed, they alſo refuſed him for ſacrifice, but if hetaſtedit, 59 they tooke and offered him. 5 Martiallhaving ſeencor rather heard of a Countrey prieſt, ſacrifiſing a goate, and bcing aſſifted by a Countrey man , when the beaſt waſ ſlaine the prieft commaunded the poorecountrey man to cutte off the ſtoneſ, Texer ut immunde carniſ abiret odar, to let the vnwholſome vapour of the vncleane fleſh out of the body . Aftermardthe pricſt be— ing "Of the ſigoctte. 5\ 243 ing buGeabout the ſacriſicc,an_d ſtooping downe to the carkeiſe of thebeaſt,hiſ coddeſ appeared behinde him betwixt hiſ leggeſ,che which when the countrey man ſaw ,hee ſud— denly cut them off with hiſ ſharpe knife, thinking that the auncient ceremony of faſh'ng required thiſ to be done : whereupon Martia//wrot thiſ Epigram, } Sie modo qui Tuſcuſ fiwras, auneGalluſ aruſpee Dumingulaſ hircunſfactuſ eſ ipſe caper. . The Mendeſianſ worſhipped Goateſboth maleſ & femaleſ, becauſe aſ they imagine they Cyralduſ were like to their God Pey. The Egyptianſ alſo. deified.the male goate for hiſ genitall memberſ, aſ other nationſ did Przap%—. The G_cn_tiles hadalſo a brazen goate, where— x0 upon Verwſ rode in brafſe, which picture they called.(Randewen) and/epmſ (Epitragia,) ©* Ithinkethatluſt could not be better deſcribed—then by thiſ emblem, for venereouſ per— fonſwill ſuffer their whopreſ to doe.any. diſgrace.vnto them, for their carnall pleaſure. And thuſ much for theſemale and female goateſ, now follow the ſtotieſ of the wilde goateſ and the kidſ in order. azESN at tmieſ tthiſ oan OF:. THE!GOATE,—OALLED by P Linx a Dre Rx.. © 'ſiſi?ſiſi/,ſi/\\—\w\uw& 7W ſi/,fler /(\'),))/Yk AB 30 & Here iſ no man that ſhallſee thiſ beaſt, but will eaſily yeeld vintomy opinion, that it iſ a goate & not a deere,the hair, — beard and whole proportion of body moſt euidently de— monſtrating ſo much,neither iſ there any difficultic herein, except for the horne which turne forward at the point and not backward, whichthing yet ſwaruethnotſo muchfroma goatcaſ from a deare, and therefore canbeno good reaſon toalter my opinion. Thereare of thiſ kinde aſ DoGor Cay 7 __ affirmeth in the Northerne part of England;and that figure 1 S2a | which iſ engranenat Rowe in amarble piller being a remem: brance of ſome Triumphe which Pliny ſetteth forth, differeth in no part from thiſ beaſtſ deſcriptionand proportion: Yet I takeit that it may be brought into England fromſome — othernationand ſo be ſeene in ſome Noble manſ houſe, but that it ſhould be bred there, cannot findeany monument of authoritic, but rather I conie&ure the ſame to bebred in Spain.Of theſe kindſ there are three Epigramſ in martiall whereby iſ declared their mutuallfightſ killing one another.: their feare of doggeſ, and their fleſh deſired both of menand beaſtſ. i } Yy 2 The 144 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ThefirtEpigram deſcribing their wilfull fight one killing another and ſoſaning alabout tothehunter, forthey'killthemſelueſ to hiſ hand, iſ. thuſ. \ thocgn niliei prontibuſ aduerſiſ molleſ concurrere damaſ , E E TDETIND Spettanere caneſpredam ſtupuity, ſuperbix, *** J3C orgiſfuibaunpor Vinde leneſ animatanto caluerefurore ? Aſpiciſ imbelieſ tenent ynam fortin dame In mortem paruiſ concuryerefrontibuſ audent y & "Vidimnſ &fitiſorte iacere pari RRESSCFSEUCTCTIEEPDNW Venator cultvo nil ſupereſſeſuo |\in7 FSDITC #6 ,MS mA (+45 Sicpugnant Tanyiſie cecidere virt. PEMEIIHY a ir ty TheſecondEpigtam iſ a Dialogue ſpeaking rothe Emperour, who tooke care to encreiſe hiſ game)ſeeing nor onely men were enertiſeſ to them but they alſo to oneanother;, where— vpowhe writerh thiſ diſtichonſ ? WOV 4 f FNS Ct a90A Prilia tam timidiſ quanta ſit ixa fer iſ Viſ C afar damiſ parcereymitte caneſ. The thirde Epigram iſ a complaint of their weake and vnarmed ſtate,hauing neither teeth like Boreſ}nor Hoeneſ like\Hartſ to defend themſelueſ, but lie open to the violence of all their enemieſ: — 9760%4 Dente timeturAper defendunt cornua ceruum Imbelleſ dama quid niſipreda (umuſ. 5 Theſe are of a whitiſh yellow colour on the back ,and are noutiſhed ſometime for the plea. * ſure, and ſomtime for the profit of their poſſeſſorſ, for they wilſuffer hunting like a Deere and alſo betamed for milke like a Goat. And heereof I finde no other eſpeciall mention a— mong Authorſ beſide that which iſ already rehearſed. OFTHE WILDE GO AT, AND THE figure of the Heluetian Alpian wilde or Rocke—Goat. 30 49 We erncd 4.-___ſi-_;:ſi Of the Goate. 247 tainſ; becauſethey vnderſtand winter iſ approaching, making cuftome to be their ſhield againſt cold weather : there haue bene ſome oftheſe madetame,ſo that they haue diſcen— ded downeto the flockſ of tame Goatſ, whome they do notauoide like the zbhex. From theſe wilde goatſ hath that ſame herbe(called Doyenicu@») and of the Grecianſ, Doronien,givenanameamong the Germaineſ Gepzeſſeh Worzſ, that iſ, wilde—goatſ—herd, | being excellent to cure the Collick, and therefore highly eſteemed among the Arabiazſ Gracianſ, and Mauritanianſ.It iſ hot and dry in theſecond degree, and the countrey peo— ple in Ze/uetia do give it againſt dizineſ in the head,becauſe theſe wilde goatſ oftentimeſ feed vpon theſame, and yet are neuer troubled withthat infirmity, althoughthey runne r o roundabout the mountaineſ. ; Therearechunterſ which drinke the blood of thiſ goat comming hotr ont of hiſ body, immediately after the wound ginen, againſt that ſicknc_ſi:s. The ſaF & milke of a wilde goat mingled together, hane.cured onelong fick of the Priſick. The wilde goatſ of Creee, being wounded with poyſoned Darteſ, runne preſentlyrand eate of the hearbe Diz#ax%7, by the vertue and inice whereof, they not onely auoid the arrow which ſticketh in their Skin, bug alſo death, and cure the poyſon. OF..ITHE.EYD, 5 52 Auing formerly diſcourſed,ofſcuerallkindeſ of Goateſ, now it fol— Ofthe name E9 loweth that we ſhould alſo intreat ofthe Kid which iſthe yſſue of a Goat ; and firſt of the ſenerallnameſ therof,. It iſ called in Hzebrew Weg) Egedi, which becauſe it ſignifieth alſo a Lambe, they put vnto it ſi' $<6 Huſgm,andthe plurall maſculine iſ Gedaj/w@e, and the feminine Ged/— i=— w oth, Gen. 35. where the Caldeanttantlation hath Gadeia,the Perſian 5— card[EPe v-ſſ Buſ—kahale, or elle Cahali buſfan 5 for the Perſianſ render Cabale for INW DCMENRNS Shcter, in Hacbrew Buſan, for IſGiſ. The Septuagintſ render Eziſon, and vulgarly at thiſ day, the Grecianſ cal him Z»/p/0/,but the troth iſthat Z7iphor are kidſ o of three or foure monthſ old, and after that time vnrilltheir procreation, they are called _, . , Chimaroi—thc Latineſ calhim Hoedſ ab edendo, from eating (aſ//idoruſ ſaith) forthein their Prat fleſh iſ tender and fat, and the taſt therof pleaſant. The Italianſ call it Camrerzo, or Capret— #0, and Clawerello 5 the Rhetianſ which!ſpeak Italian; Zl/eol : the Spaniardeſ Cabrite, the FrenchC/erer»,the Germanſ Gitſe, or Ki#/lem, the Polonianſ Kuzizel. It waſ a queſtion whether nature would finiſh her partſ vpon a youing ong out of the damſbellyy wherefore a triall waſ made vpon a kid which never ſawhiſ dam, for vpon a ſeaſon a difſexion waſ made vpon a Female—goate great with young, and out of her belly waſ her young one taken aliue, ſo aſ it could neuerſee the mother 5 the ſame kid waſ put into a houſe where were many boaleſ fullof wine, oyle, milke, and Hony , and other ly— 6 quid thingeſ:: therealſo lay beſide him dinerſkindeſ of fruitſ, both of the vine, of corne, and of plantſ; atlaſt thiſ kid waſ ſeeneto ariſe and ſtand vpon hiſ feete, and aſ if ſomebo— dy hadtold him that hiſ Leggeſ were made to walke vpon, he ſhooke off all that moiſt— neſſe which he brought with him eut of hiſ motherſ belly, afterwardeſ he ſcratched hiſ fide withhiſfoote, and then wentand ſmelled at allthe former veſſelſ, and atlaſt comming tothe milke—boule, heſupped and licked thereof, which whenthe behouldetſ ſfaw, they & alleryedontthar ZBpocriteſrule waſ moſt true, Avimalinm naturaſ eſſe indoct aſ, that iſ to fay , the natureſ of creatureſ are notformed by Art, but of their owne inclination: Thereiſnothing more wanton then a Kid, whereupon Ow/d miade thiſ verſe: . *\ > Splendidio?vitro tenero laſcinior hoeda. x V '5'(, They ofteniumpeandleape among themſelueſ, and then they promiſe faire weatherbut , 41044, if they keep continually with the flockſ and depart not from their motherſ ,or continually fucke and licke vp their meat: alſo they for—ſhew a ſtormi,and therfore they muſtbe gathe— red to their foldſ, according tothe Poetſ ſaying ; // ſine fine modogue: I | Pabula delbenutcum tut iſ veſper adive ' '0> Gonipellat canlaſ monſtrabunt ad fore nimbeſ. 1 If 248 Aratoloeſ Varre Palladinſ Albertuſ Arnolduſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. If Geeſe ſwallow the haireſ of Kidſ or Goatſ they diethereof.Kidſ areinot to be ſeparated from their Dammeſ, or weaned till they be three monthſ old, at whichtime they may be ioynedtothe flockeſ : they are noutiſhed when they are young affcr theſame maaner aſ they be at a year old, except that they muſtbe more varrowly looked vato, leaſttheir laſ— ciniouſneſſe ouerchrowtheir age : and beſideſ their Milk, you muſtgine vnto them three leaued—graſſe, Luy , and thetoppeſ of lentileſtender leaueſ, or ſmalltwiggeſ of treeſ : and whereaſ commonly they are brought forth in twinneſ, it iſ beſt, to chooſe out the ſtrong— eſthcaded kid for the flock, and to ſel the other away to the Butcherſ. Out of the rennet of the Calueſ or Kidſiſ the Coagulazion. i 8 There waſ a certaine law (aſ appeareth by guifjwſ) in the bookeſ of the civill Lawyerſ, that ſhooeſ ſhould be made of the ſkinneſ of Kidſ, aſappeared by auncienr Marble mo— numentſ at Rome, which thing Marzzall approucth in hiſ verſeſ to Phebuſ ; ſhewing how timealtereth al thingſ and that the ſkinſ of kidſ which were wont to couer bald headſ,are now put vpon barclegſ 5 the verſeſ are theſe that follow, — Ocdinatibi pelle Contegentſ Nudatempore verticemgue calue Fefline tibi phebe dixit ille Quidixit caput eſſe calciatum. . Out of the hide ofa Kid iſ madegood glue, and in thetime of C/rero they ſtuffed beddeſ with Kidſ haire : their fleſh hath been much eſtecmed for delicate meat 5 & for that cauſe dreſſed and trimmed ſundry waieſ 5 the beſtKidſ for meate hauce been ſaid to come from Meloſ, or Vmebratia,or Viburtinum, which never taſted graſſc,but haue moremilke in them then blood ; according to theſaying of Juwenall : De viburtine venict pinguiſſimuſ agro Heeduluſ & toto grege mellior neſcimſ herbe Ee dum anſuſ virgaſ humiliſ mordere falii, Forthiſ cauſethey may ſafely be eaten all the yeare long while they ſucke, both of men of temperate and whot conſtitution, for they areleſſe hurtfull then the Ramimeſ, and doe eaſily diſgeſt, and nouriſh temperately ,forthey engender thinneand moyſtblood ,and al— ſo helpe all whot and temperate bodieſ , and they are at the beſt when aſ they are neither too olde , that, iſ aboue ſixe montheſ, nor two younge , that iſ vnder twoo monetheſ. The red orſandy colouredare the beſt, yet iſ their fleſh hurtſull to the Collicke. S#— meon Sethi afirmeth, that if a man eate akidſliner before he drinke inthe m orning, heſhal not be ouer drunkethat day. Ce/tnyſ alſo preſcribeth it in theſickeneſſe of the Holy—fire. They are wholeſome, ſod ,, roaſted, or baked , but the ribſ are beſt ſodde. P/azina teacheth one way whereby it waſ drefſed in hiſ timefor a delicate diſhe ; they tooke ſome fielde Herbeſand fat broath, twoe Whiteſ of an Egge wellbeaten together, with twoo headeſ of Garlike, a little Saffron, and a little Pepper, with the Kiddeſ fleſh, putalltogether into IQ a diſhroſted before at the fire, vpon a ſpitte (with Patſely, Roſematy, and Lawrelleaueſ) 40 and ſo ſerud out with thatſauce, and ſet it on thetable : but if they did not cate it beforcit waſ colde, itweakened the eye—ſight, and raiſed vp venerial luſt, Thebloode alſo of a Kid waſ made into a bludding, and given to be eaten ofthem which haue the bloody—flixe . They haue alſo deviſed to dreſie a Kidde whot, andto fill hiſ belly with Spiceſ and'o:cher goodthingſ : likewiſeit iſ ſod in Milke with Lawrell, with ldiucrs other faſhionſ , whicheuery Cooke iſ able to pradiſe without the knowledge of earning. And. thuſ I might conclude the diſcourſe: of Kiddeſ with a remembraunce of theirconſtellation in the Waggoner , vppon the Bulleſ Horne, which the Poctſ ob— ſcn{x_e for ſigneſ and tokenſ foreſhewing Raynand Clowdy weather, according to Virgilſ verſe: Quantuſ aboccaſuvenienſ plunialibuſ, Hoedi. Theſe Starreſ riſe in the Euening about the Noneſ of OGoberand in December, they were wont to ſacrifice a kid with wine to Fanpuſ. There iſ a byrd called Captiluſ which iſ a great denourer of kiddeſ and Lambeſ,andthe ſame alſo iſ hunted by a Dragon,for when — ſhſ 50 . . Ie Of the Goate. & 249 ſhe hath filled hir ſelfe with theſe beaſteſ, being wearied and idle, the Dragon doth eafily ſet vponhir and ouer take her. Alſo when they fiſh for the Worm ſeuen Cubitſ long in the River ?#/»wſ, they bait their hooke with a lambe'oor Kid, aſ iſ reported by AeZian7 ; and theauncienteſwere wont by inſpedion into the intralſ of Kidd eſ, to declare or ſearch into thingeſ to'come; aſ Gyraldeſ amongſt other their ſuperſtitionſ vanitieſ rehear— ſeth. $ W e © * , i a Themanifold medicinall properticſ of Goateſ comenow in the end of thiſ ſtory to be declired, andfirſtofallit iſ to bee poted, that theſe propercieſ are ſeuerall, both in the Male; femile; and Kidde'; and therefore they are notto be confounded, but aſ the dely— g0 gence of leathed Authorſ hath inuented, and left them ſenerally recorded, ſo they re— (quireatourhandſ whichAte the heyreſ of ſuch benificiall helpeſ , the ſame care and need— full curnſie© — Saitlw jo ognizo ailo ,tuddled he rvorucſ 2 Thereidre ſome which doecontinually nouriſh Goateſ in ſtableſ neere their dwelling. YZ'ZFZ: te Houſeſ with'an op inion'that theyhelþto continue them in health, for th=aficienteſ or— cineſ ariſing | dained that a man which had beene bitten or ſtroke by Serpentſ, and could not eaſily be ffl::\-ſſſiſ;"l' cured thereof, ſhouldbcelodged in a Goateſ ſtable. The haireſ of a Goate wh + %lſo{vhen the necke of an Ozxe ſwelleth, ithath beeneprooued for a golden remedy, to rakean dannointitwith Goateſ—greace, liquid Pitch, the marrowe of a Bugle or Oxe, and olde Oyle, and may aſ wellbe called Terrapharmacym, aſ that of Galeſ made of Wax, Rozen, Pitch, and Goateſ—ſewet. Alſo if the blood be fallen into Oxenſ Leggeſ, itmuſt a be letforth, or elſeit will breed the marige ; and therefore firſt of allthe place muſtbecut withakinfe, and then rubbed with cloutſ wet in ſalt :and oile, and laſtofallannointed with oldſewetand Goatſ—greace. Two.ounceſ of thiſ Goateſ—greace and a pinte of greene Oyle mixed together,and melted in a potte, and infuſed into one that hath the bloody—flixe,.cureth him ſpeedily: when the whot dung or fime of a Goate iſ mixed with Saffron and applyedto the gouty memberſ Hydropicke, it workethvponthema ſtrange cure: and ſome ad heerunto the ſtalkſ of Iuy beaten, Muſtard—ſeed ,and the flower of wilde Cucumber. The Lyuer of thiſ beaſt layed vppon a man that hath beene bitten by a mad Dogge, cauſeth him nevier to be afrayd of Water : the ſame being ſodde; yealdeth a certaine 1y— 40 quor, and ſore eyeſ being annointed with that liquor , within twelue timeſ recduer ; and drunke inſharpe Wine, and layed to the Nauell, ſtayeth the fluxe; alſo ſod in Wine no ſcumme or froth being taken off from it, but permitted to ioine with it,helpeth the bloo— dy—flixe. " The entralleſ of a Gonte caten are profitrableagainſt the falling ſickneſſe. The Gall killeth the Leprofic, al ſwellingſ and Botcheſ in ſuch bodyeſ, and being mingled with Cheeſe, Quickſiluer; and powder of ſponge; and madeaſ thickeaſ hony , taketh away the ſpotſ and burleſ in the face. It alſorooteth out and conſumeth dead fleſh in a wound, andalſo mingled with bran ANG 56 Of the Goate. 251 and the vrineof a Bull, cureth the ſcurffe in the head. A2z/@ſ alſo teacheth women how to conceinewith childe, if ſhe dip a putple cloth ia Goatſ—blood, and apply it to her Naucll; ſeuen daieſ, and afterwarde lie with a man in the prime and encreaſeof the Moone:the! gallofa wilde Goatiſ commended priuately,, for the helpe of chenmithat are purblind, ; and for all whiteneſ and vicerſ inthecieſ ;and when the haireſ which ttouble the eyeſ be— pulled vp, if the place be anoynted with the gallof goateſ, the haire will neuer growe any more. "A! V — The meltbeing ſod, helpeththeFlix, and the Spleene taken hotout out of the beaſkteſ belly, and applied to the Spleene of a man, doeth within thort time eaſe it of all paine, if . xo afterward itbe hanged vppe in any fume or ſmoake to "be dryed. Alber#uſ and Raſiſ ſay , ddarectin that if a man eat twoGoatſ ſtoneſ,and preſently lye withhiſ wife, the ſhall bring foorth a male' childe,but if he eatebut one;,then ſhall the child hauebut oneſſtone.—(Thefyrme .de—; coded with Honny, and layed to Vlcerſ and ſwellingeſ; diſſolyeth or 'driweth them, andmingled with Vineger, iſ moſt profitably vſed to take away. blacke Aporteſ in the; faceol!d —>» bort Shimerhb bi Worllini finey— And if hee which! iſ ſicke ofthe falling euill doe eate therdoffifteencpilleſ, or litte 5,7,,,, Balleſ,;itſhall procure vatohimrmach eaſe.. Ifit bee mingled with Mouſe—dunge, toa— ſtedat the fire and ſpriokled with Honney; and ſo, anuointed vppon: balde placeſ, where you woulde haue the hayre to growe againe, and mingled with Vineger wherein a 20 ſea—onion hathbin ſtecped, and bound to the forehbead or tenipleſ; afſwageth the pain of the brain—pan. vikolinb Lodſfin.noc boog ei iſ.w Thepaſtorall Car/#haginianſ, to the intent that the humour flowing out at/ theirChil— drenſ noſeſ, may neuer hurt them, burne 3 vaineinthe:crowne of the headwith Woooll, whentheyarefoure yeareold; and thereby they.conceiue that "they arekeptandgonſer— . ued in perpetuall good health : and if when they burne their children, \theyofell into a crampe, they caſed them preſently by caſting vppon themthevrintofgoateſ: |When a Hervdow. man iſ thicke of hcaring, mingle together the gallof an Oxe,; andithe vrine. of a;Goate, and infuſed into the eareſ, although there bee iin them: a "verye »mattery: Sub—+ ſtance. | Ol 223 ci? Ortaniniiiot 30 Galen preſcribeth thiſ potion to enacuate that Water which:lyeth betwixt the; ſkinne by Vrine, if one drinke Hyſope Water and the. vrine of agoat : Likewiſedt helpeth the Dropſic, and the duſte of an Elephaunteſ toothdrunkein thiſ goateſ Virine, it diſſolueth the ſtone in the reyneſ and bladder, wichout all fearefull perilland.daun. etſ | Sbvod a &f The medicineſ ariling out of the female goatare theſe, we find that the Femule—goat, and thedand toad being ſodden together, are cureſ of ſingular— woorthfor thediſeaſeſ of allliuing foure—footed—beaſtſ. The (Mag#) or wiſemen ſay,: that the right eic ofhagreene living Lizard, being taken out and hiſ hedforthwith ſtrok offandput in a goatſ Skin iſ of a great forceagainſt quartan Agueſ. Theaſheſ of a goatſ hide beſmearedouer _withoile, Ply, 0 taketh away the ſpotſ in the face. Theſame aſheſ made of a goateſhide; recoutrethithe bliſterſ and galſ of the feet. The ſhaumg of the Goateſſkinne, being rubbed with pum: A@r@l: miceſtone, and mixed with Vineger ;iſ an excellent approucd good remedy for the ſmal Ploy O | y re 3 Plany. x 7 If a woman bleed ouermuch at the noſe,let her breaſtſ be bound with athong made of Afaree/nſ a goatſ ſkinne. Theſame being ſodden with the haire on it; the iuyce being'ſoked vppe, ſtieth the belly, It iſ not good for thoſe that haue the. falling fickneſſe to fleepe (WAaer//® or lie in a goateſ ſkinne, if at any time the paſſion mooucth them to it; yetitiſ burt— full ſfor their heade, by reaſon of the ranke ſmell, and/not for any other particulerprivat cauie. 3 + ſ in? r ariiu09 (Celinſ 5? Goatſ haireſ being burnt, do appeaſe all yſſteſ of blood,. which being mixed with Awreliaunſ Vineger they are good to ſtaunchthe bleeding at noſe, dad you may blow intheit—noſttilſ —— goatſ haireſ burnt and whole, and alſo myrrhe mixed with goatſ haireſ ſo burat, The ſame {'{Zi@'ctct alſo burned and mingled with pitchand Vincgcr, helpeth the bleeding at noſe,and being g41,;, — . < putin the noſethey ſtir vp lethargicſ. — Sd5i ber Marcelluſ, Thi Sextuſ. Plizy 25% Piicz, Adartelluſ Plingnſ. Hippocrateſ Seaxctutſ ( inlmſſ Aarcelinſ Difiarlſizſſe: Pliy, Mareellinuſ Galen, e/Etim, Pliy. Gallen Collumeliſ Pliny, The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſſ. 'The ſanor of the Goarſ horme or of the haire doth the like, Goatſ dung in ſweet water, dothexpellthe ſtonein the body, ſo dothithe atheſ of Goatſ haire in like maner, which being burned and bruſed, and given. in a medicine, they doe mighrily helpe and reconer. theſtrangury. It iſ alſo reported that Goarſ horne and the haireſ being burnt, willdrite away Serpentſ: and their aſheſ ſoked or annoynted, iſvery goodagainſt ſtrokeſ or.ſtin= ging of Serpentſ. 3 toih J E To ſtay the flux in the belly, take the hairſ that grow behind on the Goatſ ſitting place, and burhe them, whichybeing tempered with beacen Barly and oileynuſt be perfumed vn— deramaanſ feat—.: —|<> 30 S ( 9 SÞi Goatſ fleſh being roſtedby the fire where dead men are burnt, iſ good for thoſethat 10 hauethe falling ſickneſ/The ſame iſ a good remedic againſt the falling:ſickneſ. It iſ good for ſuch toabltcine from Hogſ fleſh, beefe, or Goatſ fleſh. They that drivuke goatſ blood wax pale preſently on iywhichiſ excellentto get out ſpotſ of any thing: it alſo very good againſtthoſethatareintoxicat withpoyſon, and therefore muſt bedrunk with wineſ and being ſod with marrow, it iſ good againſt theſame diſeaſe, ſo iſ the male—Goateſ blood. The roote ofſinke—foyledrunke in wine,belpethilhumorſ.Goatſblood alſo,cither Ofthe male or of the female, aſwageththe inwardſ and theflowingſ: or laſkeſ of the belly: it iſ good for thoſe that hauethe Dropſicybcing tempered with honye; and aHo—dodden with marrow. 4H HMI ZUK . I Somevſeitagainſtthebloodic Elixand paine of the belly, beingalſo ſodden with mar— 14 row,it iſ good againſt the ſame diſeaſe. If you mix Goatſ blood with chiſel ſteeptin broth and alittic Roſingputinto it, whereofmakea plaiſterand lay it tothebelly or other panſ and itreconerethany paine thereaboutſ. fryutiionſ ? Thefabvofthe male Goat iſ more faſter, and therfore goodfor thoſe that hauethe bloo. dyoflix Theſubſtance of a Goat iſ fat, yet iſ notthe fat of a Goat ſo moiſtaſ a fwineſ, but for bitingſ.& thoſethatare griened imtheir bellic goatſ fat iſ better then ſwineſ, not be— eauſcithath more operation in'it to expellthe greefe; but by reaſon it iſ thicke; whereaſ the Swineſ greacewill runabout like oyle :neicheriſ.the fat of Kydſ fo warme and dry aſ female—Goatſ, neither the male—Goatſ ſo fat aſ the gelded Goatſ, in Latin called(#irc7) alſofenale:& oatſ fatiſ inove binding then the Fallow ofOxen, but the maleſ fat iſ good 30 againſtScorpionſ made ina perfume. /It iſ alſo good :for thoſe that are poyſoned with Freuch gteen flyeſ called (Camrharideſ.) Being tempered with wax it raketh awaythe ſtin— ging of Serpentſ, it belpeth any biting or wound : If a womanſ breaſt grieue her afterher deliuery of child, let her ſeeth huſked Barley and ſcallionſ, 2and the fat of a male—Goate. whereoflet her drinke a litrle— Againſt theach of the cieſ,take Goatſfatand ſhccpstovii ther, withalitrle warmewater. » co>07, tod i 5 Almoſteuctie greefof the body if it be no woild,wil be more eafily recouerd by plaiſterſ but if Fl_ic-grccſc beaſivwere grounded, (oran old greefeyletitbeburned, and vpon :hc, placeſoſcorched, putButter or the fat of a male—Goat.itwillalfo rccoucr)and healkibeſ andChilblaneſ.It helpeththckingſ euill, fo doethithe fat of the female—Goateſ helpe the # ſame diſeaſe The maleſ fat mixedwith\Ar/epiete; takethaway the roughneſ of themailſ: italſohealeth thenaileſ of the Leproſte withoutany paine : itexpelleth the Carzhaidanſ being applyed with the inyce of the grape that growerh on a wilde Vine. Thiſ goateſ fatiſ profitable to helpe any about the ſtraightneſ oftheir mouthſ orlipſ being tempred with waxit alhiethſoreſ and bliſterſ, and with pitchan d Brimſtoneir hcalzzch them Znd being applied with hony andthe inyce ofzbrambell; it careth the ſwellingſ ariſing i\; the handſ , orfingerſeſpectallyin curing offellonſ. ent Acſculapiiſ ThefaitoſaBullwell ſalted, or if it be in an ach or. griefe, dipr it in oile without falt,and ſoafter the ſame manner iſ the Male—goatſ fat vſed, which being tempered win roſcſis ta— keth away the whealeſ or bliſterſ that riſethin the night, being alſo dropped into thccſiars 9 ofonethat iſ deafejitrecouerethhim. 2 P P # It helpeth the falling ſickneſ, putring theretoaſ much of the galof Bulſ ,iuſt of the ſame weight;and ſeeth it togerher , and then laie itin the ckinneof th? gall tlm,ic touch not the ground, and drinke it out ofthe water. It iſ alſo good againſt'the ſ{ino;n of Scorpionſ being applied with Butter and the meale of (Zeſ) warmed and waſhgd \%ich red Wine. "The Of the Goate. —an" Thebroath that iſ confecdted of Goatſ fat ſodden, iſ excellent for thoſe that aretrou— bled with the Pchiſicke, to ſup now and then a fewe, alſo it helpeththe cough being tem . Dicſeorideſ peredwithnew ſweet wine,chat an ounce may be put in a goblet & ſo mixed with a branch ofRue. It beingalſo ſodden with huſked barly, eaſeth thoſe that haue frerting in the utſ. b Theſamealſoſodden with barley flower and wine made of pomegranateſ and Cheeſe, 4/"*!* letit be given to thoſe that are troubled withthe bloodyflixe, and let them take it with the inyce of huſked barly. t Raſiſalſo ſaith, that the fat of a fierce Lyon iſ ofſuch ſingular account, thatifa gly— p, lolvide: 1 o ſter bemade ofit, with the water of barly ſod, eitherwith the water of toſted meale, and boyled Suzich; and ſodiſſolued with waxe, it iſ a moſt pretionſ remedy for theſwelling of the inwardſ. But Goatſfat doth much help the griefeſ ofthe inward partſ that nothing commethforth but cold water: The fat of the Buck: goat many vie (being ſod withbread P/, and aſheſ) againſt the bloody flixe, and alſo the ſhe—goateſ fat being taken out of her back alone being a little cold, and then ſupped vp :< Otherallow the fat to be ſodden with Bar— ly flower, Cinnamon, annife, and vineger mixed together. The ſame fat taken ſo out of the backe mixed with barly bran, and Cinnamon, anniſe, and vineger, of each of thema— 2/%y. like , andſeeth thereof, and being ſtrained give it the patient that iſ diſeaſed with the bloo— alyflixey and it ſhall moſt ſpeedily help him. ſ I 20 + Theſamealſo mixed with Pellitory and Ciprian Waxe, may be laide to the gowte, Alſoſoddenwith Goateſ Dunge and Saffron, and layed on the gout it aſwagechthe //""/" riefe. 7 & The marrow of the Female—goate, inthe forth place nextafter the marrow of the Hart, the Calfe, and the Bulliſ commended of D/o/eor/deſ , but the laſt of all iſ the ſheepſ fat. The Hartſ iſ moſt renowned of all, next the Calueſ, then the Buck—goatſ, andlaſt of all the Femaleblinde eieſ, alſo it iſ good.to holde the eyeſ open Ouer it while it ſeetheth, and to receiue into them the fume,and the reaſon heerof iſ becauſe that goatſ ſee aſ perfectly in the night aſ in the day time, and therefore Ce//wſ ſaith, that thiſ medi— cineiſ moſt ag reeable to them that cannor ſeeat allin the night, aſ it hapneth to women whoſe monctl%ly courſeſ are ſtopped, and then it iſ good for them to annoint theyr eieſ withthe blood of aGoate, and eate the liner fod or roſted. The pouder of the liner burnd; purged and drunkein wine ,cureththe collicke,; i orl Ifa woman in trauell or with childe beſwollen vp,let her take a Goatſclitter rowled in warmeaſheſ, and let her cat it in foure daieſ, and drinke old winethereunto;, ſoſhallſhe bedelinered. Thegalliſ contrary to all poyloned Witch—crafttuade v ppontheriiſticke Wealill, and if the Kingſ euillbe dayly touchedtherewith at the begioning , it willkeepe it from ouer—ſpreading ,and withbeaten Alumit diſperſethſeabſ: Theold Magicianſ wer twont roſay , that when a man rubbed hiſ cieſ when he lay down, and put itvnderneathhiſ pillow, he ſhouldſlgepeſoundiy, it driveth away ſcabbeſ inthe head if it be mingled with w» & . fullerſ chaulke, ſo aſ the haireſ may dry alitcle, and the ſame with Honey helpeththecieſ, 48 according to the ſaying of Serennſ : Fybt@imelliſ ſuccicum felle caprine Sibneniunt oculiſ dira caligine preſſiſ. The Phyſitianſ in applicatibn heereofto the eure of eyeſ.rake many wayſ, and mj,; jewith other drugſ,aſ whenthey giveitagainſt whiteneſſe in the eyeſwith Hellebore; againſte _ woundſ and pin land webſ with wine, and againſt the broken tunicleſ with a womanſ milk, Mearcellaſ. andthetefore Raſſſ and Alber#uſ do iuſtly callthe galofa goatan eic—ſalue, 'and alſo beey ing inſtilled into the eareſ when they areful of paine , it cureth them,firſt mingling itwith.;e aſcruple of Zony in an earthen ſheard, and ſo infuſing itinto the care, landifautringitin' withalittiewooll. neld a : y a he of Of the Goate. 255 Alſo all the paineſ in the gareſ are cured by the ſtalkeſor inyce of leekeſ,gall of Goatſ, and ſweete water ; and if there be any rupture in the eare then vſe therewith a Womanſ imilke, or warme oyle of roſeſ : likewiſe againſt the cankerſ inthe gumſ, and the Squinan— cy it1ſ profitableto vſeit with Hony. For alltumorſ or ſwellingſ in the necke, take equall quantitieſ of thiſ gal,of | Gooſe—greaſe,and the yolke of an Egge,and theſe being all ming— ledtogetherlet the offended place be rubbed therewith. The ſame with the inyce of Cyclamz>re and a litle alum looſench the belly,and Wool be. 4/*"*/** ing well dipped therein and bound to the Nanell of the belly, expelleth the wormſ, it cu— reth the faultſ in the ſeat by anointment, ithath alſo another vertue in it expreſſed by the 1 o Poetin thiſ verſe 3 — Languiduſ antiquo purgatur peniſ Iaccho. Ac ſuper illi nitur fecundafelle capelle. The meltſod cureth the bloody—flixe, and the bladder butnt and ginen in poſſet drinke iſ good for them that cinot containe vrine in their ſleepe,& theſecundſ of a femalegoat Sexzm being drunk in wine of women after their delinery;cieGeth & caſteth forth their ſecundſ P/## alſo. The milkeiſ many waieſ anaileable, for Demverateſ the Phyſitian in the reconery of Confidiathe davghter of Seruiliiſ which had beene Confull, vſedthe milke of Goatſ along 20 ſeaſon which he fed with Lentileſ : ſea—crabſ mixed with thiſ milke, expelleth poyſon, and che firſt milke of a Goat which iſ milked from her after the weaning of the Kid drunke by him that hath a quartane ague, eaſeth the fitſ thereof. And ſome of the ancient Phiſitianſ gaue aſ much dunge of ſwalloweſ aſ willlie vpon three groatſ, mixed with thiſ milke a— a gainſta quartane Ague, and when young lambeſ wereſicke,the ſhepherdſ cured them by Coltmellk infuſing into their chapſ the milke of goateſ : the powder of Betony drunke out of Goateſ milke ſtayethbleeding. ,— Phoumſ# The holy fire iſ a diſeaſe of ſheepe almoſt incurable, becauſe if any remedy' doe but touch them, they fall mad : but they onely in thiſ Malady admit for the recreation or re— medy goatſ milke. The roote of the greater Siler decoGed in Goatſ milke,cureth thoſe 30 coldvſtionſ in the fleſh or belly, when the place looketh blacke or looſeth ſence:and AcJculapinſ taught hiſ followerſ and paticntſ to drinke ſt againſt the ytche, or any biting, andifatany time there beany ſtraive in any member of the body, ſo that the Article ſeemeth to decline and looſe hiſ former ſtreagth and humour, it iſ recouered againe by binding vnto itlyne—ſeedeſod in Goateſ milke. E#mer/#ſ aduiſeth to waſh the face there= withthatthe beauty of it may bemereſplendant. Takeſcuen Sea—crabſ and being beaten to powder mingle them with one pinte of Goateſ milke and a cup of Oyle, and ſo ſtraine them diligently , and infuſethem into a Horſſeſ mouth which iſ ſicke of the headache and it ſhal cure him. Themilke alſo by the counſell of Philiſfiew with the inyce of Cabageſ, Salt, and Ho— "g40 4» 15 given againſtthe ſhormefſe of breath, and if the right cic of 2 Chamalion be pulled ourlof heralive, and put into Goatſ milke, and apply ed to the eyeſ, it cureth the whitneſſe ofthe cieſ. 5 The fat of a Bull mixed with thiſ milke and infuſed into the eareſ,cureth their mattery euilſ, and canſeth them to heare more aſſuredly and fiermely. "The gummeſ of children annoynted therewith, cauſeth their teeth to come forth with leſſe paine, and it faſteneth thelooſetecthby often rubbing : the cornerſ in the throat, andthearterieſ are delivered fromexulcerationſ by gargarizing thiſ milke, either warmed at the fire, or elſe aſ it com— methforth of the vdder. Plinguſt The ſeede of Creſſeſ decodtedin thiſ milkeand drunke, eaſeth the paineſ in the ſto— tte W go mach, andalſo purgeth being mixed withſaltand Hony. AMarcel/uſ preſcribeth thiſ ex— cellent purgation which ſhallneuer make the p arty ſicke, that iſ a pinte of Goateſ milke, two ounceſ of ſalt Ammoniacke and one ounce of the beſt Mec#®, beate them altogether andginethem to the patient faſting, and ſo let him' walke a good while tillthe mdicine be Hippocraeſ wrought in hiſ body , and if a woman be with childand oppreſſed with headache or havie an Ague, ſhe may ſafely take thiſ milke ſod with Hony. L 2 The 256 Plixmſ Adarceliuſ Marceliuſ. Plinimſ BM arcelinſ Diofeorideſ Actit. Plmym Piay The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The Phyſitianſ makea ſpeciall drinke of thiſ milke, which they cal Schifton ; it iſ ſod in aneweearthen pot, andhathputintoit the brancheſ of a fig—tree,and ſomany cuppeſ of ſweet water, aſ there were pinteſ of milke, and when it boyleth, kecpeit from ſeething o— ver, by putting into it a ſiluer veſſell with colde water, and being taken from the fire, de— nide itinto many veſſelſ tillit be cold, ſo the whay wil part from the milke: andſome take the whay and ſeeth it againe till the third partbe onely left, and afterward ſet it abroad in the Sunne to coole, and thiſ may be ſafely drunkefiue dayeſ together (enery day a pint) at fiue ſeucral timeſ, againſt the falling enil, melancholy, palſieſ in Leproſicſ, gowteſ or paineſ in the Articleſ, and the ſickneſle of the liner, which iſ like to a plereuſie.Or let him drinke the G oatſ milke, the third part thereot mingled with hony (aſ Zppecrateſ preſcti— 19 bethyor with the ſced of Muthrum (aſ Serenuſ countelleth) in thiſ verſe : ——Stomacho medentur' Sermina Mathyi fact a cum lace capella., A draught of Goatſ milkeſodden with malloweſ, and a littleſalt put to it, repreſſeth the gripingſ of the belly , and if you pw a littlerennetvnto;t,it wilbe more profitable.Goatſ milktempered with rennet, before it bealtogether firained, while it iſ warme, itmuſtbe 20 jnen to thoſe that baue the bloodic flix to drinke, and it will helpe them preſently : put alſo to a good potion of ſweet Wine mingled with goateſ milke, and a little rennet of a kid(aſ much aſ a nut kernell iſ) which bcing_ tempred with the hand, let it be given to the patient, laboring with the bloody flix, before it be ſtrained, for the ſpace of three daieſ, Let thiſ drinke be ginen one that iſ faſting about the time he riſech, and being boyled, putſufficient Barly flower to it, and being in like manner like pap or portage, you muſt gwe itto the patient to drinke for the ſame diſeaſe . ..+ ( Goatſ milkebeing ſodden halfe away, may be givien to thoſe that haue the bloody fiix. Ifthey that be troubled with fretting of the gutſ, and the f lix, are weakened by reaſon of their often going tothe ſtoole. 3 The broath of a fat Henne ſod with Butter or goatſ milke, or Sheepeſ, warmedby it ſelfe, or elſe ſod with Butter, iſ very good to be giten vnto them. Take three ounceſ of Amjlum, being akind of meat, three monethſ olde, into aſ much goatſ milke ſod aſ you ſhallthinke fit, and ſo give it the patient by ſvppoſitory meaneſ for the bloody Flix. Ox— en, Sheepeſ, or goatſ milke, ſtaieth the exulcerationſ and flowingſ of the belly, ſoit bee ſod on the coaleſ, after the vſe of gliſterſ, if a manſ ſecret inwardſ do abound with filth, butifnot after the fomentſ be laid to the rootſ and ſtocke of the yard, freſh goateſ milke muſtbe applied about the meaſure Hew/aſ and no leſſe, but it muſt not be done altoge— therbut a part/The next day letthemilke ſeeth ul the one halfe be diminiſhed , ſtill taking away that which iſ vpermoſt (I meane the ſkinne or froth that gathereth in ſetling) andſo 49 Vſc itſ For the riſingſ and flowingſ of the belly and the flix, it iſ very goodto get cowſ milke or Goatſ, aſ iſ before mentioned of the Cow.Pamcke being ſod in goateſ milke, helpeth thebelly , being taken twice a day , and ſo it iſ good for the fretting of the gutſ. Old bread tempered with goateſ milke, being given thoſe that haue the fluxein their belly twice@ day, in manner of ſupping, it iſ a preſent helpe. — The inyce of planted peaſe, ſoked with goatſ milke, helpeth the laſk of the belly. The melt iſ good with goateſ milke, after one hathfaſted two daieſ, let him drinke goalſ milke, that are fedde with Iuy, without any otherkinde of meate, for three daieſ to— gither. They that are troubled with the paine of the melt the beſt remedy iſ thiſ : let milche goatſ be kept faſting three daieſ, and in the thirde day let him eate Iuie onely, and let them bee milked before they drinkeſ and let the faſting — patient greeued about hiſ melt, take three ſextarieſ Warme of that milke, ſo ſoone aſ ſhe iſ milked, and fo let Of the QOMe. & : 257 Tethim drinkeit theſpace of three daieſ , during which time he ſhallnot eat nor drinke a — ny other meate, and it ſhall helpe him maruailouſly. He thathath the conſumption of Marecitaſ the Spleene, let him drinke the whay of Goatſ thatare fed with Iuy . G oatſ milke alſo halfeſodden, ſoitbe of them that feede on Iuy onely, it may bece given to children that aretroubled with the paine in the melt. A drinke made of Goatſ milke and renner put to it (aſ cheeſe iſ acuſtomed to be made) and ginen to thoſe that hane the Droplie, they ſhal beholpen. Alſo Goatſ milke killeth the wormeſ. 0 Sextuſ. Thoſe that aretroubled with the greefe of the reyneſ,lethim take three cupſ of Creti— an ſod in wine, andfo much of Goatſ milk, and three and thirty grainſ of Cowcumber— 10 ſeed, all welbrviſed togither , which hee may drinkeat one draught. Anazo/ivſ ſaith, that aporengerfull of Goatſ milke, with aſ much Ayy/zm, which iſ aſ much aſ three poren— Amitolitſe gerſ of Sheepeſ milke, and three ounceſ of oile , all which well tempered together muſt be given through a horne to a horfſe that piſſeth blood, and it wil remedy theſame: and Ppolygoninſ ſaiththat goateſ milke and Apz/am with three Eggeſ and the iuyce of pellito— ry iſ good for theſame diſeaſe in horſeſ. The meale of Bettony ſoked out of Goatſ milk ſtayeth the blood dropping out of the papſ. Philitianſ do drink certaine medicineſmade p;,,, of goatſ milke that inc reate Venuſ. Maceliuſ. The men of Theſſilia drinke another roote of a certaine hearbe (called Orchim) becing ſofterandnothing inferior with Goatſ milketo ſtirrevp mento carnallcopulation , and 20 they drinkethe harder kind of roore ſotemperedto ſtay it. Theroote Ragworz (aſ ſome * callity being given to women with childe, itmaketh them thatthey cannot conceiue, be— ing of watery condition :againſt which Goatſ milkeſoked with honey, iſ an excellentre— medy. } If the binder partſ that are ſomewhat fleſhy ſtand further out thenthe reſt, and open, Sextmſ annoint them with Goateſ milke warmed . If any manſ Sheepe be ſicke, let him take < Goateſ milke mingled with Wine, and {o lethim give it them to drinke . If Lambeſ Innominarſ bee troubled with Agueſ or ſickneſſe, let goateſ milke bee given them thorough a horne. Cheeſe made of goateſ milke iſ an excellent helpe for thoſe that haue drunke Miſe commey, 30 den . For otherbitingſ of beaſtſ (beſideſ that of a madde Dogge) goateſ cheeſe wel dri— edwith wilde Margerom muſt be drunk. The ſime alſo iſ excellent againſt the ſting— ing of Serpenteſ 5 For allother bitingeſ and ſtingingeſ of leſſer Beaſteſ, it iſ alſo a ve— ry good remedy. Being dryed out of Vineger and Honey, takethaway vicerſ and bli— ſterſ. —Thiſ ſame cheeſe when it iſ new ,ſo it bee wel preſſed and no whay left in it, and mixed with honey , iſ moſtexcellent againſtthe quartan Ague. Goatſ cheeſe alſo repreſſethall Sereunſ, dolorſand pundtionſ, and being ſoftand new, and madewithhony, and couered with a Plyy. wollen or linnen cloath, taketh awaie the puffing vp of the fleſh.It being dryed with ſcalli— onſ, you may anoint Saint Antonieſ fire withit. Being dried out of Hony and Vineger, Aeſculapinſ 0 (when men do bath) without oile,it may be annointed on blacke whealeſ. That which iſ ling freſh and wellrituated, being laid on the cieſ, it quicklie aſwageth the paine. It iſ alſo ex— ceeding good for the pricking of the cieſ , the greefe of the head and feete, it iſ alſo good for the dropping of the eyeſ, with a litrle warme Water applied vnto it, and if it bee aſwelling of the eieſ then out of honey , either of which greefeſ iſ to bee kept warme with whay. >zſſfor the greefe of a manſ yard, ſeeth goateſ cheeſe and honey , of a like quantity in a poulreiſe made in a new earthen pot, and ſo laid thereunto twice a day , but firſte waſh the place with old wine that iſ to be cured. It iſ good for Carbuncleſ, and if a woman beſicke 2 ofher wombe, and troubled with a Febre, let her takethe fift part of halfe a Chen/x ,of Pet— p;,,, tiſpurge, and ſo much nettle ſeede, and halfe a Chenix of goateſ cheeſe ſcraped, being tempered withold wine, and afterward being ſodden let her ſup it vp, and if ſhe hauethe Filix let her drinke the blacke wilde grape, and the rinde of a Pomegranat,anda nutkernel, and the rennetof a Bul, theſe being waſhed in blacke wine, goatſ cheeſe,and wheat—flower put them together. Acſculapiuſ Pelagoniuſ. The Z 3 (3 253 Diſcerideſ Arc!;{gene}ſſ Plinea Vegermſ Anatolieſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Theſfime.or dung of ſuch femaleſ aſ line inthe Mountaineſ drunk_c in wine, cureth the falling euill ; and in Galewſ time they gaucthe trindleſ of Goarſ in Wine againſt the Iaun. dife, and with the fime they annoynt themthat hane the fluxc, and madeinto aſſ_polFeſſc iſ very helpfullagainſt the Collicke : but Myrcelleſ preparethit on thiſ manner : fit ſt it muſt be {teeped in water and ſtrained, with ſixty graineſ of pe_tzpc'r,and rl}rce porringerſ of ſweet water; andfo denideitintothrec equal potionſ to be drumke, in three ſeneral daicſ: but the body of the patient muſt be firſt waſhed or annointed with Ac9p@, {0 aſ all per— frictionſ by ſweate may beauoyded. 1 iſ # | J /Atinſ againſtthehardneſſe of the Spleene preſcribeth a plaiſter made of Goatſ dung, barly meale, and the dung aloneagainſtallitumourſ or 1wcl_hq gſof themelt. Aga?nſt waſ terlying betwixtthe ſkinne, and the ſkinne and the fleſh thiſ iſ prepared many waieſ, and finſtagainſthe Dropſic, they ſeeth it in the vrine of a Boy which hathtaſted of poyſon, oria the Goateſ vrine, tillitbe aſ thicke—thatit will ſtickeand cleaue, and it will purge all by the belly, andalſothe ſhauingſ of hideſ. which Corrierſ make, ſod in vineger with Goateſ dungiſ accounted in England a ſingular medicine to repreſſeall hydropickſwel— ling in the legſ and belly. Thefime of Female—goateſ drunke inſweete water expelleth the ſtone outof the blad. der. Againſtthepaine inthe hippeſ, the Arabiamſ preſcribe it in thiſ manner , which they call aduſtion (betwixt the thumbe and. the hand) there iſ a hollow place whercin they put Woolldiped in Oyle ; afterward they ſet on fire littlepileſ of Goateſ dung in the ſame Wooll, and there letitburne tillthe fume and vapour thereofbeſenſibly felt in the hip— bone :ſome vieto apply thiſ to the fat , but in our time it iſ all out of vſe, and yet ſeeing the paineſ of the hip doerather fallintothe thigheſ, ſhinneſ and Leggeſ, then affend vp into the Armeſ and ſhoulderſ, Ac//x and Cormariſ ſaye, that thiſ aduſtion for the hipſ waſ vſed in the auncienttime dinerſ waieſ , and ſome on thiſ manner, holding the burning dung in a paire of tongeſ vnto theleg of that ſide where the painelieth, vatillthcaduſtion befelt inthehip, and thiſ courſe vſed Div/ſcarideſ. Quintilliuſ vied another way , which waſ thiſ,: he firſtof all heate the Goateſ dung, and therewithall burned theſoft and feſhy part of the great toe, neare vnto the Naile, vntill me w 0 0 itpierced to theſicke place ; after ſuch vſtianſ, they lay beaten leaueſ of leekeſ with ſalt to 39 the place, but in the hard bodieſof country men invred to labour, they apply the dung of goarſ with barly meale and vineger. The ſame with Saffron and Goateſ ſewet, applied to the gowt, healeth it, or elſemu— ſterdſeede, ſtalkeſof Luy, Bittony,, or the flower of Wilde cowcumber, the ſame drunke withſpikneard, or other ſpice, ſtirreth vp a womanſ flowerſ, and cauſeth eaſty deliue— rance, but being beaten into meale and vineger and layed to a womanſ belly , with weoll and Erankcumcenſe, ſtayeth all fluxeſ and Iſſueſ : alſolittle balſ ofthe ſame with haireſ and the fat of a Sea—calfe wrought altogether and perfumed vnder a woman, hath the ſame effeQt, or elſe the Lyuer of a Sea—calfeand the ſhauingſ of Ceder wood. Pliny affirmeth, thatthe midwineſ ofhiſ time ſtaied the greateſtfluxe of the belly 4 by drinking the vrine of a Goat, and afterwardeſ anoynting it withthe dung of a Horſe that hath bruiſed hiſ hoofe: Goatſ blood with vineger curetbthe ſame, and if an Apletree hauewormſ in it, the dung of a Goateand the vrine of a manJaied to the root drive them away. , The vrine of Goateſ blood drunke with vineger, reſiſteth the ſtinging of Serpentſ,and alſo being laid to buncheſ and ſwellingſ in the fleſh, in what part ſocucrctchcy be,itdiſper— ſethand expelleth them. Againſtthe ſtiſmeſſe of the Necke which they call Opi/?hotonſſ, Take vrine of a Goateand the headeſ of ſcallionſ bruzed to iunyce , and infuſe them into the eareſ; and the ſame mingled with the oyle of roſeſ and a little Nytre, cureth the paive' in the eareſ by infuſion, or by the ſimoke perfurmed in a Goatſ horne twenty dayeſ toge— 5" ther. Againſt narurall deafencſſe take the horne of a Goate newly ſlaine, and fill it with the vrine andhang itvp nine daieſ in the ſmoke, and afterwardſ vſe it. The vrine of a goate made warme,, and inſtilled into the eareſ, and the fimeannoynted with fat iſ good for the vaineſ of the throat . For the Dropſie drinke one ſpooenfull mingled with Carduſ, — and Of theGonte. <.\75. 259 and watme itatthe fire, alſo mingled with wine or water;it expelleth the ſtone in the blad— der, according to the ſaying of Serennſ : Nee non obſtanuſ capr a; potabitur humor Obruat hiſ morbum tabefattaque ſaxa remittit. The ſame Phyſirian preſcribed Goatſ trindleſ to be drunke in wine againſt the Z00d/, and to ſtay the fluxeſ of women, theſame . dung tied in a cloath about vnquietchildren,e— ſpecially women—kind, makeththem more ſtill, being— mingled with wine, cureth the bi— tingſ of viperſ, and the dung taken out of the Goatſ belly and annointed vpon the ſore, curethit with all ſpeede : the ſamevertueit hathto heale men wounded by Scorpionſ, 1 0 being decoGed in Vineger it cureth alſo thebiting of a mad Dog, mixed withhoney and wine. } a — . Being laid vpon a wound it keepeth it from ſwelling, it hath the fame vertue mingled withBarley—meale, but healeth thekingſ evill, It iſ vſedalſo to ripen ſoreſ andruptureſ, beingapplyedto the ſuppurationſ ,itkeepeth downe the ſwellingſ of womenſ breftſ , be— ingfirſtdriedand then ſteeped in new wine, and ſo laide to theſore, for it diſgeſteth in— flamation. | — When the eyelidſ be thicke, hard, red, and bald, take goatſ dung and Mouſe dung, of eyther a like quantity. burned , and twice ſo much of the powder ofthe Grzecian caneſ with honey Atticke, and anoint them therewith ; being heate with Vineger and put vpon 20 theſore it cureth Tetterſ andRing wormeſ, and diſperſeth Carbuncleſ in the belly : alſo being heared in Vineger withcow milke, oile of Cipreſ and Laurell, it purgethand cu— rethal woundſ of the legſ and ſhinſ;it pulleth out thornſ or ſharp prickſ out of the body, aſ that learned Phyſitian AGz/e hath proued, aſ ſheepeſ dung alſo doeth : laying it round about the wound it cureth burningſ and draweth out heat, with oile of roſeſ and Vineger (aſ Gallen writeth.) f Itiſ alſo commendedfor broken ioyntſ, be cauſe it ſuffereth them not to ſwell or ſtart out being once ſet, therefore it muſt be vſed with Honey and wine,and it hath the ſameope— ration for broken ribbeſ, for it openeth,drawethand healeth : alſo it being decoGed with Vineger, it healeth the paineſ in the nerueſ although they be ready to rot, and eafeth the go paine in the ioyntſ : the fime of a fat Goat cureth the gout, aud the contraction or—ſbrin— king of the nerueſ ; being dreſſed with Vin eger and madeaſ thick aſ Hony, it helpecththe trembling memberſ.It iſ verie dry, and therefore (Arroldwſ ſaich) it cureththe Fiſtula, making a plaiſter thereof with the meale of Beaneſ, Wine and Leigh, which hath beene ſeene wonderfully to dric vp the Fiſtula. With Oxymeland Vineger it cureth the Aleptinuſ but it muſt be burned. ſ | Takeſeauen balſ of G oatſ dung, worke them in Vineger, then anoint your forchead therewith, and it eaſeth the paine in the head, or elſe mingle it with oile of roſeſ, and ſpred it vpona cleath laying it to your Templeſ, change it morning and euening, and you ſhal find great eaſe thereby. i — Ifthe cieſ beſwolne at any time, bind chiſ dung vnto them : being mingled with Li— quid pitch, and honey , healeth them which are ſicke of the Quinanſie; being gargarized in the mouth, he which iſ ſicke of an oldeCough, let himtake the dryed trindleſ and put them into the beſt wine, and drinke it off, ſo ſhall he preſently anoid hiſ flcame and filthy humor and be healed. — < The remedieſ out of a wilde goat. Theſame vertue which are in the Goatſ before ſpoken of, doalſo belong to the wilde o Goatſ, the blood taketh away buncheſ in the fleſh, and being mingled with Sea—palme, cauſeth the hair to fall off. An ointment made of the fat of Goateſ, iſ profitable to them which hane webſ in their cieſ, and the fat of mountaine Goatſ, helpeth infected Zighteſ : Hiſ liver broiled vpon coaleſ andtaken alone, helpeth the Flix, butmoſt certainely when ® iſ dried and drunke in wine: the gawle iſ good for many thingſ, eſpecially it iſ a Trea— eleagainſtpoiſon,ſuffuſionſ, whitneſſe andblindneſſe of the cieſ; by annointing, it cul; ret 40 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. reth the purblind and the webſ in the eie, and generally it hath theſame propertieſ in e— uery part aſ the tame goatſ before ſpoken of. . Se Thelike may be ſaid of the Kydſ or young goatſ, and firſtof all a Kyd being {lit aſſun— der aliue, and hiſ warme fleſh laide to a poiſoned wound, doeth moſt aſſuredly heale the ſame.Otherſ takethe warm f leſh of kydſ and perfume them with hair,by the ſauor where.— of they driveaway Serpentſ: the ſkinne newly pulled off,and put vppon the body beaten with ſtripeſ, takerh away their paine —otherſ againe vſe it againſtthe Crampe, and not without reaſon, for the tender Skinneſof Lambeſ and Goateſ, being ſprinkled or dip— pedin Warme Oyle, giverhvery mugh ſtrength and patience, to endure the convul— tion. 10 Praxagoraſ preſctibeth the fleſh again ſtthe falling eui Land by gargarizing the broath when it waſ ſod, eureth the Quinſie and ſoreneſſe of the throat. Deez»#@ ſaith, that the braine being drawne thorough a gold ring and given to a Hawke whichhath the fallinge fickneſ, it willworke admirably vpon her. The blood being dried and decoGed with mar— row, iſ good againſtallintoxicat paſſionſ .and being mingled with ſharpe Vineger before itbe congealed, ithelpeth the ſpitting of blood : the ſame being eaten, cureth all kinde of Flixeſ, being taken three daieſ together. Ga/ley rehearſeth in the Antidot of Vrbane, a — mong other thingſ the blood of Kydſ to draw the deade young oneſ out of the dammeſ belly. \ZVith the fatte there iſ an ointment made with roſe water, to heale the fiſſureſ ofthe 20 lippeſand noſe, which iſ much deſired of women, not onely for the before rehearſed vir— tue, butalſo becauſe by annointing they keepe by it their face from Sunne—burning. The Erench and Italianſ call it (Pop4zo) becauſeit ſimellech Lke Appleſ, they put alſo into it muſke and Roſe—water, a pound ofkydſ ſewet, and warme it in a Bath vntillallbee white, and fo waſh it with the ſaide roſe water, andafterward repoſe it in a glaſſe : The ointment which iſ caled (Paguen?tu» album) iſ like vnto it : the aſheſ of the thigheſ of akyd, healeth burſtineſ and ſtancheth blood :the rennet iſalſo commendable againſt Hemlocke, or toad—ſtoole, and againſtal the poiſonfull ſtrokeſ of Sea—beaſtſ 5 Being drunke in Wineit ſtayeth bleeding , and rcfreſhe_th excreationſ of bloode; being taken with Vineger it hel— peth alſo the flix,being drunkfaſting,it hath ſome operation to ſtay womenſ flowerſ. The 30 lightſ ofakyddeſod and eaten faſting, preſerueth from drunkenneſſe that day , and the powder of it burned, eaſeththe itching of the eieſ, and pieldeyelidſ, if it be applyed like Stibium : likewiſe the bladderof a female kyd drunke in powder,belpeth the inconſtancy of vrine : the meltlaide vppon the Spleene of an infant aſſwageth the paine and tumorſ thereof ; the liuer iſ not fitſortemperate men, but for weake colliricke men. The inhabitantſ of the mount Ar/@ do gather Euſorbinm, and cortrupt it with Kyddeſ milke, butit iſ diſcerned by fire 5 for the good Euforbinm being burned, yeeldeth an vn. acceptable ſauor, and ſo we conclu de thiſ ſtorie , with the twoEmblemſ of Alziatuſ. . Oncagainſt them that take much paineand make good beginningeſ but euell endeſ, like a goat which giveth a good meſſe of milke and ouercurneth iit withhir foot : 40 Quod fine egregioſ turpi muculaneriſ orſuſ Imnoxamgaue tuum verteriſ officium Feciſti quod Capra ſui mul&Eraialait iſ CGum ferit & propriaſ calte pro fundit opeſ. The other Emblem iſ vpon a Goat, the which by her keeper waſ conſtrained to givea young wolfeſuck, who afterward notwithſtanding that good turn, denoureth hiſ nurſe: and it maie beapplied vnto them which nouriſh their owne harmeſ , and ſaue a theef from the galloweſ. ' Capra lupum non ſponte mennunc wbere laito * Quod male paſtoriſ pronida cur a inber Cernerit ille ſimul men me poſt vhere paſcit Improbitaſ nullo flectitur obſequio. Thereiſ a prettic compariſonofa He}rlottcs loue to a fiſherman which putteth vpon him a goatſ Skin withthe horneſ, to deceive the Sarg%—fiſh, for that fiſh loueth a goataboue all other creatureſ, and therefore the fiſher—man beguileth her with a p falſe nce aſ the flattering louc of Harlotſ do ſimple mindſ by fained proteſtationſ, appearance; 261 OF THE GVLON.. Hiſ beaſt waſ notknown by the ; a ancientſ, but hath bin ſince diſ— 3 '!ffi coucredin the Northern partſ \ of the world, and becauſe of the great voraſity thereofiit iſ called (Galoythat. iſ , a devuourer—in imitation of.the xo Germanſ, who call ſuch denouring creatureſ Vil/P#//;and the Swedianſ, Cerff ,in Litnania and: Muſcouiſ,:it iſ called Loſ/omokal., It iſ thought to be engendered by a Hyemſ & a Lioneſſe, for inquality it reſembleth a ZHyezſ, \ & it iſ the ſame | which iſ called (Czrg+ \ cuta: yitiſ a deucouring andanvnpro— 7 \L fixable creature, hauing ſharper teeth WiI S{LWHiN then other creatureſ. .Some thinkeit 7 20 iſ derined of a wolfe and a dog,. for it 2 iſabout thebigneſſe of a dog :git hath ſſ:ctct jſi,ſi%/ the face of a Cat, the body and eaile & F of a Foxe ; being black of colour: hiſ EQJ feetand naileſ be moſt ſharp,hiſ ſkin ——! ruſty, the haire very ſharp, anditfee— deth vpon dead carkaſeſ. 5 . When ithath found a dead carkaſſ \/ 7 .' he eateth thereofiſo violently , that hiſ belly ſtandeth out like a bell ; then ſeeketh he ſome narrow paſſage betwixt two treeſ, and there draweth through hiſ body ,by preſſing wher— go of, he driveth out the meate which he had eaten: and being ſo emptied returneth and de— noureth aſ much aſ he did before,and goeth again & emptyeth himſelfeaſ in former ma— ner 5;and ſo continueth eating and emptying tilal be eaten. It may bee that Godhath or— dained ſuch a creature in thoſe countrieſ, to exprefſſethe abhominable gluttony , of the men of that countrie, that they may know their true deformed nature, and linely vgly 6— gure, repreſented in thiſ monſter—eating—beaſt: for it iſthefaſhion of the Noble men in thoſe partſ, to ſit from noone till midnight, eating and drinking, and never riſe from the table,but to diſgorge their ſtomackſ, or eaſe their.bellieſ : and then returnwith refreſhed appectiteſ to ingurgitatednd conſume more of Godſ creatureſ : wherin they grow to ſuch a bighth of beaſtlineſſe, that they looſe both ſence and reaſon, and know no difference be— 6 tweene head and taile. Suchthey are in My/cowia, in Lituania, and moſt ſhamefull of al in Tartaria. Theſe thingſ are reported by Olamwſ Magauzſ, and Mathiaſ Michowſ But I would to God that thiſ ſame (more then beaſtly intemporate gluttony) had beene circumſcribedand confined within the limetſ of thoſe vncbriſtian or bhereticall—apoſtaricall—countrieſ, and had not ſpred it ſelfe and infected our more civelliand chriſtian parteſ of the World; ſo ſhould not nobility, ſociety ,amity, good fellowſhip, neighborhood, and honeſty ,be euer placed vpon drunken or gluttonouſ companionſ : orany'man be comended for bibbing and ſucking in wine and beerelike a ſwine : VWhen in the meane ſeaſon no ſparke of grace, or chriſtianity ,appeareth in them : which notwithſtanding they take vppon them, being 5© heetcin worſethen beaſteſ, who ſtilreſerue the noteſ oftheir nature, and preſerue their lineſ 5but theſe, looſe the markeſ of humanity, reaſon, memory and ſence, with the con— dicionſ of their familieſ, applying themſelueſto conſume both patrimony and penice in thiſ voracity ,and forget the Badgeſ of. chriſtianſ, offering ſacrifice to nothing but their bellieſ. The church forſaketh them , theſpirit accurſeth them, the civell world abhorreth them, the Lord condemneth them, the divill expe&cth them, and the fire of hell it ſelfe iſ prepared for them, and all ſuch devourerſ of Godſ good creatureſ, to helpe, &c., 262 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. To helpe their diſgeſtion;tor aichſſough the Z/eaanand Gulwſiz,and ſome od]cr monſterſ areſubjedQ to thiſ gluttonie, yetare ther many creatureſ morein thc_ world, WPO altl]gtlgh they be beaſteſ and lacke reaſon, yet can they not by any fa:}nng flnpes, or pronOCAtionſ be drawne to exceede their naturall appetiteſ, or meaſurein eating or drinking. "There Z,{ſilfſſlſimds a2reoftheſe beaſteſ two kindeſ, diſtinguiſhed by coulout, one blacke, and t[jc other like a " — Wolle —, they ſeldomc kill a man or any liue beaſteſ, but feede vpon carrionand dead car— kaſſeſ, aſ iſ before ſaide, yet ſometimeſ when they arehungry, they prey vpon beaſtegaſ horſeſ and ſuch like ,and then they ſubtlely aſcend vp into a tree; and when they ſee a beaſt vnder theſame, they leape downe vpon himand df:ſtroy him. A Bcat; iſ aſiald tq meete them , and vnable to match them, by reaſon of their ſharpe teeth. tR ut Thiſ beaſt iſ tamed, and noutiſhed, in the courtſ of Princeſ ?ſor ho qthcr canſe then for an example ofincredible voracitie. VVhen he hath filled hiſ belly, if he car findho treeſ growing ſo neare together, aſ by ſhding betwixte them, hee may expellhiSexcre— mentſ, then taketh he an Alder—tree, and/with hiſ forcfcc_rc Fcndcth the ſamg aſtinder, and paſſeththroughthe middeſtof it, forthe cauſe aforeſaid. When. they are wilde, men kill them with boweſ and gunſ, for no other cauſe chaſi} for rlȝcſſ Skinſ v\_rhich are pretiouſ and profitable, for they are white ſpotted, changeably interlined like diverſ flowerſ for which cauſethe greateſt princeſ, andricheſt nobleſ vſe them in garmentſ in the Winter Theſkinneſ time : ſuch are thekingeſ of Polow/#a, Swene—land, Goatland, andthe princeſ of SGermany, ef Sulenſ— neither iſ there any »kinne which willfſooner take a colour,ormore conſtantly retaine it. 20 The outward appearan ceof the ſaide ſkinne iſ like to adamaſkt garment, _and befideſ thiſ ourward partthere iſ no other memorable thing woorthy obſeruation in thiſ rauenouſ beaſt, and therefore in Germany itiſ called a foure—footed Vulture. OF THE GORGON, or ſtrange LybianBeaſt.: Mong the nianifold anddiverſ ſortſ of Beaſtſ which are bred _ inAftricke,it iſ thought that the Gergoſ iſ brought foorth 3® in that countrey . It iſ a feareful and terrible beaſt to behold, it hath high and thicke eie—lidſ, eieſ not very great,but much like an Oxeſ or Bugilſ, but all fiery—bloudy, which neyther looke direCly forwarde, nor fyct vpwardſ, but continuallye downeto the carth, and theretore are called in Greeke Cazre— bleponta. Fromthecrowne of their head downe to their noſe they haue a long hang ing mane, which maketh them to look fearefully. Zteateth deacly and poyſonfull hearbſ, and if at any time he ſee a Bullor other creature whereof he iſ afraid he preſently cauſeth hiſ mane to ſtand vpright , and being ſo Iftedvp, opening hiſ lipſ, and gaping wide, ſendeth forth £ of hiſ throat a certaine ſharpe and horrible breath, which infectethand poyſoneththeair aboue hiſ head,ſo that allliuing creatureſ which drawin the breath of that aire are gree— uouſly affliGted thereby , looſing both voyce andſight, they fallinto leathalland deadly convulſionſ.It iſ bred in Heſperiſ and Lybia. The Poetſ have a fiction that the Gorgoweſ were the Daughterſ of Med#/@ and Phorey— eAchanuſ #iſ, and are called Steingo , and by Heſſoduſ Stheno, and Euryale inhabitin g the Gorgudion Tlandſ in the Acth/opick Ocean, ouer againſt the gardenſ of Heſperia. Medauſ/a iſ ſaid to haue the haireſ of hiſ head to be lining Serpenteſ, againſt whom Per/emſ foughtand cut offhiſ hed ,for which cauſe he waſ placed in heanen on the North ſide of the Zodzaeke aboue the Waggon, and on the left hand holding the Go»ygo»ſ head: The truth iſ that there were 5 certaine Amozenian women in Affricke diverſ from the Scithranſ, againſtwhom Per/ſenſ made Warre, and the captaine ofthoſe women waſ called Med#/ſ, whom Perſenſ ouer— threwand cut off her head, and from thence came the Poetſ fiGion diſcribing it with Snakeſ growing out ofitaſ iſ aforeſaiid. Theſe Gorgonſ are bred in that countrey, and haueſuch haire about their headſ aſ not onely exceedeth all other beaſteſ, but alſo poy— — E i I ſoneth e 0 The country and deſcrip= tien, 9 Of the Goate. 263 ſeneth when he ftandeth vpright.P/py calleth thiſ beaſtCazablepon, becauſeit continually looketh downeward, and ſaith that all the partſ ofit are but ſimal excepting the head which iſ very heauy , and exceedeth the proportion of hiſ body which iſ neuer lifted vp,but all lining creatureſ die thatſee hiſ cieſ. By which there ariſeth a queſtion whether the poiſon which he ſendeth foorffigctproccede from hiſ breath orfrom hiſ eyeſ.Wherupon it iſ more probable,that like the Cockatrice he killeth by ſe—ing,,then by the breath of hiſ mouth which iſ not competible to any other beaſtſ in the world . Beſideſ when the Souldiorſ of Maziaſ followed Jugartha, they ſawe one of theſe Gorgonſ, and ſuppoſing it waſ ſomeſheepe, bending the head continually 10 to the earth, and mouing ſlowly , they ſet vpon him with their ſwordeſ, whereatthe Beaſt diſdaining ſuddenly diſconered hiſ eieſ, ſetting hiſ haire vpright,atthe ſigh't whereofthe Souldiorſfel downe dead. o & Mariuſ hearing thereof ſentother ſouldierſ to kill the beaſte, but they likewiſe died aſ the former. Atlaſtthe inhabitaunteſ of the countrey, tolde the Captaine the poyſon of thiſ beaſtſ nature, and that if he were not killed vpon a ſodaine with the onelyſight of hiſ eieſ, he ſent death into hiſ hunterſ : then did the Captaine lay an ambuſh of fouldierſ for him, who ſlew himſodainely with their ſpeareſ and broughthim to the Emperour ; whereupon Mariuſ ſent hiſ ſkinne to Rome, which waſ humg vp in the Temple of Zerewleſ, whereiil the people were feaſted after the triumpheſ;by which it iſ apparantthattheykill with their 20 cieſ and not with their breath, So that the fable of Serninſ which reporteth that in the furtheſt place of Ar/aſ theſe Gorgonſ are bredde,, and thatthey haue but one cie a peece , iſ not to be belienued, excepre he meane, aſ elſewhere he confeſſeth, that there were certaine maideſ which were ſiſterſ called Gorgonſ, and we re ſo beautyfull thatall young men were amazed to beholde them. Whereupon it waſſaide,that they were turned into ſtoreſ : meaning that theirlone bereft them of their witte and ſence. They were called the danghterſ of Ce#, andthree of them were made Nimpheſ, which were called Pephredo, Enyo, and the third Dinop, ſo called aſ Geraldnſ faith : becauſe they were olde women ſo ſoone aſ they were borne , whereunto waſ aſligned one cic and one tooth. But to omit theſe fableſ .it iſ certainethatſharpe poi— 30 fonedſighteſ are called Gergon Blepen, andtherefore we will followe theauthority of Pliny and Athenewſ. It iſ a beaſt allſet oner with ſcaleſ like' a Dragon, hauing nohaireexcepton hiſ head , great teeth like Swine, hauing wingſ to flice, and handſ to handle, inſtarure be— Pygineſ. ; : twixt a Bulland a Calfe. E 1Br V } There be Ilandeſ called Gorgonieſ, wherein theſe monſter—Gorgoenſ werebredde and vnto the daieſ of Pligy,the people of that countrey retained ſome partof their pro-digiſſou__s nature. It iſ reported by Xezophon, that Hanmo King of Curthage ranged with hiſ armic in thatregion, and founde there. certaine women of incredible ſwifineſſe and perniſcitle df —" foote. Whereot he tooke two'onely of allthat appeared inffight, which had ſuch roughe arnd ſharp bodieſ, aſ neuer before were ſeene. Wherefore when they were dead, hehung— 40 YP their ſkinneſ in the Temple of 74#70,for a monument of their ſtraunge natureſ, which remained there vntill the defſtriiction of Carrthage.By the conſideration of thiſbeaſtthete appearethone manifeſt argument of the creatorſ devine wiſdome and prouidence , who v> a hath turned the eieſ of thiſ beaſte downeward to the earth, aſ it were thereby butrying hiſ * poyſon from the hurt of man —and ſhaddowing them withrough; long, and ſtrong hajire, that their poyſened beameſ ſhould not refle& vpwardſ,vntill the beaſt were provokedby feare or dinger, the heavineſ of hiſ head being like a clogge to reſtraine the liberty of hiſ Poyſonfull nature, but what other parteſ;vertueſ, or viceſ , are contained inthecompaſſe of thiſ monſter, God onely knoweth, who peraduenturehath permitted ittolive vppon the face of theearth, for no other cauſe but to be a piinniſhment and ſeourge vnto man— kind: andan euident example of hiſ owne wrathfull power to euerlaſting deſtru@ion:And thuſ much may ſerue for a diſcription of thiſ beaſt, vntill by godſ providenice, more catt beknowne thereof, e ot MefSW ot "The. 264 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. . O F THE HARE. Hare iſ a four—footed beakt of the earth, which the H/brewſ call Arnebet, in the feminine gender, which word gaue occa— ſion to an opinion that all Hareſ were femaleſ, or at the leaſt thatthe maleſ bring forth young aſ wellaſ femaleſ : whereof we ſhall ſee more intheſequell of thiſ ſtory. And the Ieweſ ſay that it ſignifiech nothing elſe in Hzxbrew but a Hare, for which word Deut. 14.. the Chaldee travſlateth Arzebſ, the Arabianſ Ermab,the Perſianſ Xargoſ.Anicenna caleth it Arzpeſ beti, Siluationſ, Arnobert, Arnebuſ, and Arnaben5 the Sara. cenſ Arneph,the Grzecianſ Leporiſ, Lagooſ, Lagoſ, Lageuſſ, becauſe of hiſ immoderat luſt.It iſ called Pz9x for hiſ feare,and in Latine Zeppſ, Of Leni— peſ, lignifieng ſwifineſſe of feete, and thatit iſ not heard when it goeth, howſocuer ſome men derine itfrom ZLeporiſ the G reeke word, otherſ derive Lagſſ from La, betokening c— uclation, and Oſſ ſignifieng an eare, becauſe ſhe pricketh vp one of her eareſ when ſhee runneth. The Icalianſ call it L/iewor4, the French ZLicwre, and Leurawh, Leuretean—the Spani— ardſ Hebre, the Germanſ Auſſ, or Haaſ, the Illyrianſ Zagitz., g[ſſig*ſſfd?"f' There be foure ſortſ of Hareſ, ſomeline in the mountaineſ, ſome in the fieldſ, ſome in * themariſheſ,and ſome euery where without any certaine place of abode. They of the mountainſ aremoſt ſwift they of the fieldſ leſſe nimble,they of the marſtheſ moſt flow, & the wandring Hareſ aremoſtdaungerouſ to follow : for they are ſo cunning in the wayeſ, and muſeſ of the field, running vp the hilſ and rockeſ, becauſe by cuſtome they know the neareſt way , and torbearing downchillſ, ſometime making headſ vpoo the plain ground, to the confuſion of the Dogſ, and the diſmaying of the hunter. OftheEly— . Pallax ſaith, that there beicertaine Hareſ called E/yp 3 —# ſecret. !WheteforetheEgyptianſ when they will ſignifie and open a manifeſt: matter, they pidureahare ſleeping: They watch forthe moſt partallthe night: when theeyc—lidota mandſ pulled backe; ſoaſit willnotcoucr the ball of the eye . The Greeciauſvaltit Lax , gopbthalmonſ, that iſ chareſ cieſ, for ſo doeth Celivſ defineit:itcommeth:ſomerimeſ, V S9 whenitithe cure itiſ curaway too much, or elſewhen the hinder lid falleth downe, and ftandertonlot vptomeert the ochery but concerniugthe colour.of their cieſ, itienot very: poflible to diſcorier in;aſ wel torthe cauſeſ aforeſaid,) aſ alſo becauſcit iſ fieldome raken but dead, yet thiſ iſ certaine, that with what cologrit beginnethyinthat it continuethto thelaſtjaccordmgrowrrgilivetſeſ. J nihoomobbavermeRor) mo! Quem fuga non rapit ore Canum,non occulit vinbra Concolor immotumſub Iouc terra tegit. A a The Oftheir ſe— veral ſenceſ 2 7 2o0ſ The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The liner iſ (o parted aſſunder, that a man would thinke there were two liverſ in one bo.. dy , and Plizy iſ bold to affirme, that in Briletum,ſbzme, Propontiſ, Sycymum,Bolba, and o— ther placeſ they are al ſuch . Archelatſvppon thiſ occalion affirmeth, that a hare b_C'-l'ſi'crh Whethr _young both male and female, ſo that the Gramz=azianſ know not of what ſex to make it. 4/— Tone like to . bertuſ and Democrituſ are abſolute in thiſ point. abſ Blonduſ confeſſethhe cannot tell, the common ſort of people ſuppoſe, t'ncy areone yeare male, and another female. Aclianxſ alſo affirmeth ſo much, and by relation of hiſ friend, he ventereth the matter, and ſaith moreouer, that a male hare waſ once fo-.md_all. moſtdead , whoſe belly being opened,there were three yourg oneſ aline taken out of hir 15 bellie, and that oneof themlooked vpaliue, after it had lyen a whilein the Sunne, andit put outthe tongue aſ though it deſired meat, whereupon milke waſ brought to it, and ſo it waſ nouriſhed. Se But al thiſ iſ ealily anſwered, if a man follow the counſell of Archadivſ, and looke vpon theſecretſ of nature, he ſhal finde amoſt plaine diſtincion : but the hunterſ obie that there beſome which are onely femaleſ and no more: but no male that iſ not alſo a fe— male,and ſo they make him an Hermaphrodyte.Niphuſ allo affirmeth ſo n_mch,for he ſayva Hare which had ſtoneſ and a yard, and yet waſ great with young, andalſo anorhſicr which wanted ſtoneſ, and themaleſ genitall, and alſo had young in her bellye. Rondeleinſ Gaith, that theyarenot ſtoneſ, but certainelitrie bladderſ filled with martter, whichmen find in female—Hareſ with young, ſuch aſ are vpon thebelly of a Beuer, wherein alſo the vulgar ſort are deceivued, taking thoſe buncheſ for ſtoneſ, aſ they do theſe bladderſ. And the vſe oftheſe partſ both in Benerſ and Hareſ iſ thiſ 5 that againſt raine bothione and other ſex ſuck therout a certaine humor, and annoint their bodieſ all ouer therewith, and ſo arede— fended intime ofraine. The belly of a Sow, a Bitch, anda Hare, haue many celſ in them, becauſe they bring forcth many at a time , when a hare lyeth downe, ſhe bendeth herhin— derlegſ vader herloineſ, aſ all rough—footed—beaſtſ do. Theyare deceined which deliuer by authority of holy Scriptureſ that hareſ lone to lodgethem vpon rockſ, but we hane manifeſted elſe—where,that thoſe placeſ are to bee vnderftood of Conieſ. They haue fore—knowledge bothof wind and weather, Summer eActianuſ and Winter by their noſeſ, for inthe Winter they maketheir formeſ in the Sun—ſhine, ſiſſi*ſifgſ;:}ſi': becauſethey canot abide froſtand cold, and in the Summer they reſt towardtheNotth, on. remaining infome higher ground where they receivue colderayre. — In Wee haue ſhewed already that their ſight iſ dimm, but yet heerin it iſ true that p/uzarch ſaith, they have Viſwm indefeſſam, an indefattigable ſence of ſecing, ſo thatthe continu— ance in a meanedegree, counteruaileth inthem the want of excellency. Their hearing iſ moſt prc%nant, for the Egyptianſ whenthey ſignifie hearing piC&ure a hare, andfor thiſ cauſe we haueſhewed you already that their eaveſ are long like horneſ, their voyce iſ a whyning voice, and therefore Authorſ call it 7agzzem, aſ they doe a youg childſ, accor— to the verſe of Ou@d : & 5þ1 Intuſ aut infantiVagiatore Puer. } t . . Theyreſtinthe day time; and walkabroad to feed inthenight, never feeding near home, ZZZERZZF elc}}cr bcc_auſe they are d_clightcd with fprrcn foode,or efſe becauſe they wonldeiexerciſe their legſ in going,or elleby ſecret inſtin of nature;toconceale their formſ and lodging placeſ voknowne, their hartand blood iſ colde, which Albertm aſſigneth for a canlcof their night—feceding: they eat alſo grapeſ, and when they are onercome—with heat; they eat »Alumu, Of an berbe called LaZuca Leporina, and of the Romaineſ and Hetrurianſ, Ciſerbit@, of the Fenctianſ; Ladtucinoſ,ot theErench Lae?Feroneſ, that iſ,hareſ Lettyuce;hatreſ houſe;bareſ pallace, and there iſ no diſcaſe in thiſ beaſt the cure whereofſhedoth nor ſeeke for in thiſ hearbe. ( Hareſareſaid to chew the cud in the holy Scripture, they. never drinke,but con— tent themſelueſ with the dew, andfor that cauſethey.often falrotten . It iſ reportedby:Ph#— 35" llippuſ Belot;that when a hare drunke Wine ſhee.inſtantly died, they rendff,:r theirVrine backwardeſ, and their milke iſ aſ thicke aſ a Swineſ, and ofall ecxeatureſ they haue milke in vdderſ before they deliverthcir young. o Piw e=cteiffriey brotct They areveric exceedingly given to ſleepe, becanſe they nenerwinke perfedly: ad3 Cor ſ Iiaox ( ſomg w» 0 & we 40 < Of the Hare. 267 ſomeauthorſ derive theirname ZLiagarin Greeke, from Lacin to ſee, and thereupon the Gracianſ haue dacommon prouecrbe Lagſ: Carhewdon, aſleeping Hare'for a diſembling and counterfertting perſon y becauſe the Hare ſeeth when ſhee ſleepeth, for thiſ iſ an adinirable and rare Worke of natwre, that all the reſidewe of her bodilye parteſ take their reft, but the eye ſtandeth continually ſentinell. Hareſ admit copulation backe— Oreheir co— warde,and heerein they are like ty Connieſ; becauſe they breede euery moneth for the pulation and moſtpart, and that many 3 at that time the female proucking the male to carnal copyulati—""ſ="4&ing: on} anid while theyhaue yong oneſ in their belly they admit copulation, whereby it com— merttptopaſſe that they do not litter alat a time, but many'daieſ aſunder, bringing forth r0 one perfect, and another bald without haire, bucalblind like other clouen footed:beaſtſ. Itiſ teported that twoe Hareſ brought into the IMſle Carparheſ, filled that Tland withſuch aboundance, thatin ſhort time they deſtroyedal the fruiteſ; whereuppon came the pro—! verbe Carpathinſ Leporem, to ſignifie them which plowandſow their owne miſerieſ. Tefulleth out by deuine prouidence, thar Hateſ and other fearefull beaſtſ which are good for meat, ſhallmultiply to greaternumberſ in ſhort ſpace, becauſe they are naked! and vnarmed; lying open to the violence of meavand beaſtſ, but the cruell and malignant creatureſ which line only vpon the devouring oftheir mferiourſ,; aſ the Lyonſ,Wolueſ, Foxeſ; and Beareſ , conceiue but verie ſeldome, becauſe there iſ leſſe vſe forthem in the world, and Godinhiſ creatureſ keepeth downe the cruellandranenouſ, butaduanceth 20 the ſimple, weake,; and deſpiſed : whenthe female hathlittered her youngoneſ, ſhefirſte lickerIſthem with her tongue, and afterwardſ ſeeketh out the male for copiilation. Hareſ do ſildome wax tame, and yet they areamongſt them,, which are neither P/ac/— denorFare, tame nor wilde,but middle betwixt both, and Cardaze gineththiſreaſon of hſi: eſ fildom their vaotamable nature, becauſe they are perſwaded that allmen aretheir enemieſ. Scali— ger writeth , that he ſaw a tame Hare in the caſtle of Mount—Pe/a/, whoe with her hinder Anexample leggeſ would comeand ſtrike the Doggeſ ofher owneaccord, aſ it were defieng their ſifſſſicfſim' force; and prouoking them to follow her. Therefore for their meate they may be ramed andaccuſtomed to the hand of man, but they remaine vncapable of al diſcipline and ig— norant of their teacherſ voice ,ſo aſ they canneucr be brought to be obedient to the call 30 and command ofthcir teacher , neither will go nor come at hiſ pleaſure. It iſ aſimple creature; hauing no defence but to tunaway, yetit iſ ſubrile,aſ may apear by changing of her forme, and by ſcraping out her foorſtepſ when ſhceleapethinto her forme, thatſo ſne may deceine her hunterſ ,alſo ſhekeepeth not her young oneſ togither Achaxeſ. inone litcer, but layeth them a furlong one from another, that ſo ſhe may notlooſethem The beiiie altogether, if peraduenture men or beaſteſ light vppon them. "Neither iſ ſhecarefullto ornam,, feede her ſelfe alone, but alſo to be defended againſ{t her enemicſ, theEagle,the Hawhke: The derence the Fox, and the Wolfe; for ſhe feareth alltheſe naturally, neither can therebe ANyY PCACE of the hare a made betwixt her and them, but ſhe rather truſteth the ſcratching brambleſ, the ſolitarie gaint ber e woodſ, the ditcheſ and cornerſ of rockeſ or hed geſ,the bodieſ of hollow treeſ ,andſuch "***** 40 like placeſ ; then a diſſembling peace w ith her aduerſarieſ . The wilde Hawke when ſhe taketh a Hare,ſhec ſetteth one of her talantſ in the earth and with the other holdeth her prey, ſtriving and wraſtling with the beaſt vntil ſhe haue pulled ApZczm outhiſ eieſ, and then killeth him.The Foxeſ alſo compaſſe the poor Hareby cunning, for in the night time when he falleth into her foot—ſtepſ, he reſtraineth hiſ breth, and holdeth in hiſ ſauor, going forward by litcle and little,vntil he find the form of the Hare, and then thinking to ſurprize her,on a ſuddaine leapethat her to catch her, but the watchfull Hare doth not take ſleepe after a careleſſe manner, delighting rather in ſuſpition than ſecurity, when ſhe pereciueth the approaching ofſuch a gueſt, (for ſhe windeth him with her No» & ſtrilſy and thinketh it betterto goe from home, than make a feaſt to her foc, Wherefore ſhe leapeth out of herforme and runneth away withall ſpeed ſhecan; The Foxealſofolloweth but a farre off, and ſhe hearing her aduerſarie no more, betrakechher felfe to reſtagaine, vnder ſome bramble or other buſh, ſuppoſing that the ground ſhee hath gotten ſhal neuer berecouered of her againe : but the proucrbeiſ old and true; faire andſoftly goeth far, ſo the Fox which ſeldome getterh meat but winneth it with hiſ wit & hiſ heelſ, folowcthaſ faſtaſ he ca,for a flow pace ouertaketh the hareat reſt,which whe ſhe & Aſ 3 percet, 268 The Hiſtory of Foure=footed Beaſtſ. perceineth, forthſhece goeth .apaine, forſaking her quicet ſleepe, for theſauegardeof her life,& hauing goneſo much groundaſſhedid before; ſhe betaketh IICF toreſt Shc ſecond time; hoping that now ſhee hath quit her ſelfe from herfoc ; but the FEoxeſ belly hathino careſ, and therefore hunger iſ to him like a thouſand whipſ, or a wholekennel ot houndſ, forceing him forward after hiſ game. I i The hare for her better ſauegard gettethvp into ſome{ſimal tree, being ſleepy andwea— ry through the Foxeſ purſuteſthe Fox commeth to the tree ;u}d ſhaketh it by tþc rooteſ, and wil not ſuffer the hare to takeany reſt, for he hopctſſh thattime And_ trauclwil bctrmg hir tohiſ diſh, ſhe leapeſ away againe, and lettethno graflegrow vaderhiſfeet, hoping that her heeleſ ſhal deliuet her from the Foxeſteeth : Afterfolloweſ the Fox, and at length(aſ 10 thegreater putſſe ouer waigheth the ſmaller,and the great horſſe of Warre ouerwearieth thelictle hunting nag,ſo doththe lIuſty limbeſ of the Eox,ourlaſtthe weake l;g_gſſcs of the hare, and when ſhe can go nomore; needeſ muſther weakeneſ betray her tohir foe, and ſo waſ hir flight and want ofreſtlike a ſicknieſſe before her death, and the Foxeſ preſence Actianuſ, MUk the voice. of a paſſing bell— 5: E | | And on the contrary, allthe Jabour. of the Foxe, like a gentle and kinde! exercile for the preparing of hiſ ſtomacke to ſuch a feaſt.The fiſt and leaſtkind of Wolueſ areallo e— nemieſto hareſ, and the Weaſill do craftily ſport and.play with the hare vntillhe hane wearied himand then hangeth faſt vpon her throat, and will not looſe her holde, runne the harenevuer ſofaſt, ullat laſtthrough/ want of breathand loſſe of blood;ſhe falleth into 2 the handſ of her cruel play—fellow, who turneth ſport into good earneſt, & takethnothing from her but her blood, leauing her carcaſſe to be devoured by the handſ of otherſ, and in thiſ manner iſ the ſeely hare bunted by beaſteſ : Now letvſ heare how ſhe iſ kunted of men. The hunting ——| It iſ before expreſſed, that cuery limbe of a hare iſ compoſedfor celerity, and there. of hareſ: <*> foreſheneuer trauellethbut iunmpeth, her eareſ lead her the way in her chaſe,for with one * efthem ſheharkeneth to.the voice of the doggeſ, and the other ſhe . ſtretchethforth like aſaile to haſten her courſe; alwaieſ ſtretching her hinder—feet beyond her former, and yet not hindering them at all, but ſometimeſ when herardent deſiremaketh her ſtraine to fly from the doggeſ, ſhe fallethinto the netteſ , for ſuch iſ the ſtate of the miſerable, that 30 while they runnefrom one perill, they falintoanother 5 according to the ſaying of holy Scripture, Eſay 24. Hezhat ſcapeth ont of the ſuare,ſball fall into the dutch. And thiſ iſ to be noted, that if the hare had the wit to runneforthright, and never to turne, ſhe could not beſo caſily ouertaken, but becauſe of her loue o the place of her breed , there ſhe iſ taken andlooſetbher life where ſnehad her beginning :forſhe preferreth that place aboueall otherforſafty. Againeſomeof the elder hareſ, aſloone aſ they heare the Doggeſ,flye tothe toppeſ of the high mountaineſ » tor they more eaſily runne vppe the hill, then downe. Wherefore thehunter muſt ſtudiouſly auoid that diſaduantage,and keepe her down in the vallieſ. In pathſ and bygh wateſ ſhee runneth more ſpeedily , whereforethey muſt 40 bekeptfrom thatalſo. The hareſ of themountaineſ do oftentimeſ exerciſethemſelueſ in theplaine, and throughpractiſe grow acquainted. with the neareſt waieſ to their ownlod— ging ſ ſo that if at any time the huſbandmenſet vpon them in the fieldeſ, they dally with themtillthey ſeeme to bealmoſt taken, and then .on a ſaddain take the neareſt way to the mountainſ,notſuſpecGed by the hinterſ,and ſo takeſanCtuary in the vnacceſſible placeſ, whetherdogſ nor horſe dare aſcend.For the hareſ whichkeep in the buſheſ are notableto indureJabour, and not very ſwift (by reaſon of the paine in their feet ) growingfatte tho— roughidleneſ and diſcontinuance of running, they muſt be hunted on thiſ ſoxt. :firſtofal they go through young woodſand hedgeſ, ſuch aſ grow not very thicke, for the thicker hedgeſ they leape ouer, but when they come to many thicke placeſ thatthey muſt leape 5 ouer, they quickely falldowne and are tired. The:dogſfirſtof all go from them careleſſely, becauſethey cannotſeethemthrough the treeſ, butſuffer them to run in the woodſ following a farr off by the ſcent , vnrillatlaſt they get the ſight of her, and then through their better exerciſeand Skill, eaſily onuer take her Sbutthe campeſtriallor fielde—hare being leanerof body and oftner chaſed, iſ tach wit © & Of the Hare.: . 269 with more difficultie, by reaſon of her ſingular agility, ſhe therfore when ſhe beginſher courſe leapeth vp from the ground aſ if ſhe flew ,afterward paſieth through brambleſ and thicke buſheſ with al expedition, and if at any time ſhe come into deepe grafſe or corne ſheeaſiliedclhuerethher ſelfeand ſlideth therough it. And aſ it iſ ſaide of the Lyonſ, that with their taileſ they ſtirre vp their ftrengthand courage, ſo are the eareſ of thiſ beait like Angelſ wingſ, ſhipſ ſaileſ, and rowing Oareſ, to helpe her in her flight;ſfor when ſhe run— mneth, ſhe bendeth them backward and vſeth them inſteed of ſharpe ſpurſ to prickforward herdulneſ,& inhir courſe ſhe taketh not one wayſbut maketh headeſ like laborintheſ to to circumvent and trouble the dogſ, that ſo ſhe may go whether ſhewil, alwaieſ holding 1 0. vppeone eare, and bending it atherpleaſuretobethe moderator of herechaſe. Neither iſ ſheſo vnpronident or prodigallofher ſtrength, aſ to ſpendital in one courſe, but ob= ſerneththe force of her proſecuror, who if he be flow and ſluggiſh, ſhee iſ not profuſe of ther celerityybut onely walketh gently beforethe Doggeſ, and yet ſafely from their clowſ cheſ,; reſeruing her greateſt ſtrengthto her greateſt neceſſity , for ſheknoweth that ſhee can out—runne the Doggeſ when ſhe pleaſeth, and therefore it iſ a vaine conceit to trou— bicherſelfemorethen he iſ vrged.! Butifthere be a Doggefollowing hermoreſwiftly then the reſidew, then ſheſetreth forward withallthe force ſhee can, and when ſhe hach left both bhunterſ and Dogſ a great way behind her; ſhe gettethto ſome little hillor riſing "of the earth,; there ſheraiſeth her ſelfe vpon her hinder lepgeſ , like a Watch—man in hiſ 20 Tower, obſeruing how farre or neare the enemy approacheth, and perceuingthatſhee iſ deliuered from purſuit of all daunger, ſeemeth to deride the imbecillitie of their for— ceſ. | Theyoungerhareſ by reaſon of their weake memberſ, tread heauier vppon theearth thentheelder, andtherefore leaue the greater ſauour behind them : and in ancient time if the Hunterſ had taken a young Lencrit, they lether go againe in the honour of Diapa. At'a yeareold they runne very ſwift;and their ſanour iſ ſtronger in the woodſ then in the plaine fieldſ. , The Hare iſ followed by the foore and ſo diſcryed,; eſpecially in ſoft groundſ or high waieſ,butifthey go to therockſ, to the mountainſ,yor to the hollow placeſ,they are more 3o vncertaine, if they liedown vponthe earth (aſ they louc to do)in red fallow groundſ,cthey are ealilydeſcryed. When they are ſtarted in the plaine fieldſ they run far, butinthe Woodſ they make ſhort courſeſ:If they heare the Doggeſ, they raile themſelueſ on their leggeſ and runne from them, butif fearefull im magination oppreſſethem, aſ they oftentimeſ are very ſad and melancholy, ſuppoſing to heare the noiſe of Doggeſ where there are none ſuch fturring, then doe they runne too and fro, fearing and trembling, aſ if they were fal— len mad. Their footſtepſin the Winter time are more apparant then in the Summer, becauſe aſ the nightſ be longer , ſo they trauell farther : neither do they ſmellin the winter Mor— g0 pingſ ſoſooneaſit iſ day vntill the froſt and yee be thawed, but eſpecially their footſtepſ are vncertaine in the full moone, for then they leape and play together ſcattring and put— ting out the ſauour, nor in the ſpring time alſo when they do ingender , they confound oneanotherſ footſtepſ by multitude. They which will goe foorth to hunt or take pleaſure in that paſtime, muſt riſe earely, leaſt they be deprived of the ſmell of her foote—ſtepſ, ſo ſhall not the doggeſ be able any waie to find the Hare, nor the hunterſ their game and paſtime : for the nature of the foot— ſtepremaineth not long , butſuddenly in a manner vaniſheth awaie euerie houre.Againe, they muſt ſet the hilſ and rockeſ, theriuerſ and alſo the brookſ with netſ and ginſ, there— byaſitwere ſtopping vp the ſtarting holeſ,pathſ,and waieſ, wherein the hare for rhcſſ: m_oſt go Part truſtech, whether they bebroad or narrow: The beſttime for the effecting & bringing Aa 3 heexof The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. hecreofiſ after the Sunneriſing, and not in twy light or breake oftheday, leaſt the netteſ be ſetneare the Hareſ forme, and ſhe beſcarred away, but if they be ſet a farre off, there iſ nodaunger of herdeparture after the Sunne iſ vp, becauſe thcp ſhcc_ giuc_cb her \(ſi-lfe to ſleepe :the netſ muſt be ſet on thiſ manner, letthe rodeſ bee pitched vpright, faſtning their ſnareſ to the topſ, raiſing the net in the middle, and bange along ſtoneatoneſide, that when the Hare iſ in the net ſhe may not go outagaine .When the Hare iſ raiſed, hee which followethher to the netſ, muſt drive her in with great cry, and being in the net, he muſtgently reſtraine theDogſ, and make ſignification to the hbunter that ſheiſ taken, or elſe if it faile, let him ſhewthe contrary. . eatlſ The keeper of the netſ muſtkeepefilence, leaſt by hearing of hiſ voice ſhe be auerted, and the hunter muſt take the Dogſ and goto the forme , there to ſtart the Hareſ and the faſhion waſ in auntienttime among the Paganſ, firſtof all to call vpon Apol/o and Diana, (their immagined Goddeſ of hunting) to ſpeede their ſport, to whlom_c they promiſed part of their game.But when the dog iſ ſent: forch, and after much winding and caſting a— bout, falleth into the foorſteppe of the Hare,then let him looſſſc another, a_ndſccm_g them tunne in one courſe, vncouple all the houndeſ , let him follow after, ſpeaking to hiſ dogſ by name, ſaying nowe 4, then 3. HeikaC.andſuch like Wordſ of Art, not preſling them too eagerly at the beginning, but gentlic encoraging them to the purſun: The Dogſ take thiſ for a ſigne of ioy, andbeing glad to gratifie their maiſterſ, runalong with gallant ery ,turning ouer the doubtful footſtepſ, now oneway , th;n another, like the cutſ of Indentureſ, through rough and plain, crooked and ſtraight,dire& and compaſle, wagging of their taileſ, and gliſtering with their eieſ,vntil they find the Hareſ form : then they make fignificationthercof to the hunter withtheir taileſ, voiceſ, and paceſ ; nowe running together, now ſtanding ſtil devided aſunder, they ſet vpon the beaſt, who ſudain— ly riſeth, and turneſ the ery of the houndſ after hir flight, then muſt the hunterſ cry out: to Dogſ, there boieſ, there 20, A, 20, 3, I0, C, and the ſhorteſt word iſ fitteſt to applawde the Dogſ. Let tghc hunteralſo runne after, ſo aſ he neuer meet the Hareand trouble the houndſ, the poore Hare getſ her our of ſight, and runſ to the place where ſhe waſ firſt ſtarted,but if ſhe fallinto the netſ by the way , the keeper of the netſ muſt gine token to the hunterſ by 3 hiſ hollowing voice,after the vſuall manner of woodmen : 0 Oha,0 ehe, that the! gameiſ atan end, and then callthe Dogſby name : If the Harerunfarre, and ſtand long onfoot, and if the dogſ paſſe ouer the Hareſ footſtepſ and diſcry them not, then muſt the hunter recal them witha peculiar hunting terme , and lead them to the place, or caſting about it aſ neare aſ he can, rebuking the Doggeſ that rangeat vncertaintieſ, and exhortingthem that be diligent ; who when they haue found the fooringſ againe, run on aſ before, with al alacrity .Inthe mean ſeaſon let the hunter ſtand ſtill tilthe dogſ do infalliably demonſtrat vnto him that they haue found the game againe, then letthe hunter proceede aſ before, exhorting hiſ dogſ to the ſport, and if it laſtal day, the hunter muſtregardthat he reſtrain and keepe the Doggeſ to the wearyed Hare, leaſt if they ſtarta freſh one, their labour be Joſt. If itbein Summer about noone, let him reſt hiſ doggeſ for ſtrengthning of their feetetill the heat be ouer ; if itbe ſnowy weather, and the winde ſet Northerly, the foote— ſtepſ remaine long and arenot eaſely melted, but if the South winde blowe, the foote ſtepſ are very quickly ſhortened : and neither when the ſnowe falleth faſt, or the winde bloweth ſtrong, muſttheDoggeſ beledde foorth tohunting, for the ſnow burneth the Doggeſ noſeſ, and the froſt killeth the heat of the Hareſ foot ; then let the hunter take hiſ netſ and ſome other companion with him, and go to the woodeſ or mountaineſ, tracitS out thefoot— ſtepſ of the beaſtin the ſnow vnto the forme, which iſ in ſome ſteep or ſha— dowed place, where the windeſ blow ouecr the ſnow , for in ſuch placeſ doth the Hareſeek her lodging; hauing foundit, let him not come too neare, leaſt he raiſe her from hir ſeat, /* but caſtround about, andit he find no footingſ from that place, he may take it for graut— ted,that the Hare iſ found. Haning ſo done, let him leaue her, and ſeeke another before the ſnow be melt, and the footingſ daſhed, hauing reſpe& to the time of the day , that ſo he may incloſeandtake them before the enening : then let him draw hiſ netſ round about them, compaſing the whole to w 9 & —ia S Of the Hare. 271 whole plat wherein ſheereſteth, and then raiſe her from her ſtoole : if ſhe auoide the net, he muſt follow her by the foot vnto her next lodging place, which willnot befar off if he followher cloſe;for the ſnow doth weary her and clot vpon her hinder feet, ſo aſ the hun— ret may take her with hiſ hand, or kil her with hiſ ſtaffe. Blonduſ ſhoweth another way of taking Hareſ : The hunterſ ſpread and deuide them— ſelueſ by the vniilled and rough waiſ,leading a Grey—hound in a ſlip, beating the buſheſ, hedgeſ,; and thorneſ, and many timeſ ſending before them a quicke ſmelling Hound, whichraiſeth the Hare out of her muſe, and then let goe the Grey—hound with bunting termſ,and cryeſ ,exhorting him to follow the game ; and many timeſ the Dogſ teare the 1 o Hareintomany pieceſ,; but the hunterſ muſt pull them bleeding from the mouth of their Dogſ. (%t{lſſrs againe lie in waite behinde Buſheſ and treeſ to take the Hare on a ſudden, and ſome in the vineyardſ,for when they are fat & reſty,they are eaſily ouertaken,eſpecially in the'cold of winter. Cj7w: ( aſ appeareth in Zexpphon) waſ taught to make ditcheſ for the tFapping of Hareſ in their courſe, and the Eagleſ and Hawkeſ watch the Hare when ſhe iſ raiſed'andhunted by the houndeſ , and ſet vpon her on the right ſide, whereby they kill and takeheer, ſo thatit iſ truc which waſ ſaid at the beginning, that/ Hareſ are hunted by menandbeaſtſ. ! Having thuſ diſcourſed of hunting and taking of hareſ ,now it followeth alſo in a word Ofparkſ and 26 ortwo to diſcourſe of Parkeſ or incloſed Warrenſ, wherein Hareſ, Conieſ, Deere, 1,.. ge Boareſ, and other ſuch beaſteſ mayralwaieſ bee ready, aſ it were out of a ſtore—houſe or < ſeminary to ſerne the pleaſure and vfe of their maiſterſ. Grapaldnſ ſaith,that the firſtRo— man that euer incloſed wilde beaſtſ, waſ Fu/a/m Herpinuſ, and Gillinſ ſaich that Paryo had the firſt warren of Hateſ : the manfer waſ (ſaith Colemella) that Richmen poſſeſſed of whole Townſ and Lordſhipſ, neare ſome village, incloſed a peece of land by paile, mud— wall, or buſhe, ſtoring the ſame with diverſ wilde beaſteſ, and ſuch a one there waſ in the — Lordihipthat yayrobought of Mazem@ſ Prſo in Tuſeulanum : and Quintaſ Hortentinſ ſaw at Lawretum a wood incloſed, containing fifty Akerſ, wherein were nouriſhed all ſorteſ of wild beaſtſ, within the compaſſe of a wall. o Quinanſ Althea commanded hiſ foreſter to callthe beaſteſ together before him and hiſ gueſteſ ſitting at ſupper , and inſtantly he ſounded hiſ pipe, at the voice whereof there aſ— tembled together a great company of all ſortſ, tothe admiration of the beholderſ. Quiv— zuſ Fuluinuſ had a Parke in Tayquinium, wherein were included not onely allthe beaſteſ be— foreſpoken off, but alſo wilde ſheepe, and thiſ contamedforty Akerſ of ground : beſideſ he had two other. Pepzpermſ ereGedaParkein France, containing the compaſſe of three thouſand paceſ, wherein heepreſernednot onely Deere, Hareſ, and Connieſ, butalſo Dor—miſe, Becſ, and other beaſteſ ; the manner whereof eught to be thuſ ; firſtthat the walleſ or paleſ be high, or cloſe fointed, ſoaſ neither Badgerſ , nor Catteſ may creepe through, or Wolueſ, or Foxeſ, may leape ouer : Wherein ought alſo to be buſheſ, and g o broadtreeſ for to coner the beaſteſ againſt heate and cold,and other ſecret placeſ to cen— teattheir natureſ, and to defend them from Eagleſ and other rauening fouleſ : In which, three or foure coupleof Hareſ doquickly multiply into a great warren. Itiſ alſogoodto ſowe Guoardſ, Miſeline, Corne, Barly, Peieſ, and ſuch like, wherein Hareſ delightand willthereby quickly waxe fat. For theirfatting, the hunterſ vſe another device, they put waxe inco their careſ, and ſo make them deafe, then turne them into the place where they ſhouldfeed, where being freed from the feare ofſoundſ (becauſe they want hearingythey grow fat before other of their kind. Concerning the vſe of their Skinſ,in ſome countrieſ they make ſleeueſ and breecheſ of THe civil vie them, eſpecially lyningſ for alloutward coldedifeaſeſ. Heliogabalwſ lay vpon a bed filled of their ſeue—» o with flew or woollof Hareſ, for then that, there iſ nothing more ſoft, for which cauſe the rallpariſ, Grecianſ made ſpungeſ thereof,to clenſe the cieſ of men. The Goldſmitheſ' vſe the feete or Leggeſ of Hareſ in ſteed of bruſheſ or broomeſ, to take off the duſtfrom their plate. The flcſh of hareſ hath euer beene accounted a delicate meate (among all other foure— footed—beaſteſ) aſ the Thruſh among the fouleſ of the aire, according to theſaying of Martiall: E i aſ" Inter £7%. The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. Intey aueſ Turduſ ſi quiſ me iudice certer Inter quadrupedeſ gloria primalepuſ. | f Inauncienttime (aſ Celiyſ ſaith) the zritronſ were fo rbidden to eate Hareſ; like aſ the Zeweſ by the law of My/@ſ, Lew. 11. Dent. 14 + Plutarch in_quctn*cth the reaſon whye the Zeweſ worſhip ſwine and Hareſ becauſe they did not eate their fleſh: whereunto an. ſwer waſ made, that they abſtained from Hareſ, becauſe their colout, carcs,_and cieſ, were like aſſeſ 53 wherein the ignorance of Godſ law appearcdſſ, forthey abſtained from Hareſ at Godſ commandement, becauſe they werenotclouen—footed,for the Egyprianſ accounted all ſwift creatureſ to be partakerſ of divinity. !, To Their leſh ingendereth thicke blood, therefore it iſ to bee preſcribed for a dry diet, . for it bindeth the belly, procureth vrine, and helpeth the paine in the bowelſ : but yet it irnotgood for an ordinary diet, it iſ hot and dry in the ſecond degree, and thereforeit nouriſheth but little being (o hard, aſ Gu/lley witneſſeth. Theblood iſ farre more whot then the fieſh , it iſ thinne, and therefore watery like the blood of all fearefull beaſtſ; the hinder partſ from theloineſare moſt delicate meate, cal. led in Latine Palpamentum,it waſ wont to be drefſed with alt, & Coriander ſeed, yet the forevart iſ the ſweeter, for the manner of the dreſſing whereof T leane to enery manſ hu— mour. It waſ oncebelecued that the eating of the hinder loineſ of a hare would make one faire or procure beauty ,wherupon AMarz/all receined a hare from Ge/lia a friend of hiſ with thiſ meſage: + 20 Formoſuſ ſeptem Marce diebuſ eriſ, And he retorted the ieſt in thiſ manner vpon Gelliaſ Sime non fulliſ ſi verum ( lux mea) diciſ Ediſtinunquam Gellia tuleporem. Tke bloud & fleſh eatem Lampriduſ writeth thata certaine Poet played vpott Alexapder Sexernſ the Emperor for eating: hareſ fleſhe, which made him faire, whereaſ in truth hee waſ very black; Inthiſ manner3 i Pulchrum quod videſ eſſe noſtrumregem Quem Syrum ſuum detulit propago , $9 Venatuſ facit,ycr lepuſ comeſuſ EX q#o continuum Cflp_lt /?PU}T"Z- The Emperorſecing thoſe verſeſ, for Emperorſ hauing long eareſ and handſ, madean— fwer vnto themaſ followethſ Pulchrum quod putaſ eſſeveſtrumregem Vulgariſ, (miſcrande)y de fabella. Si verum putaſ eſſe non iraſcor Tantum tu comedaſ velim lepu ſmlos Vt fraſ animimaliſ repulſiſ — » Pulcher ,ne inuideaſlinore menti. 40 Ifany man finde fault with the Emperorſ verſeſ, E7a/#ſ hath already anſwered the ob— iection, that Kingſ and Emperorſ are not ſubje tolaweſ of verſefieng, beſideſ hiſ aun— ſwer waſ in Greeke and thiſ iſ but tranſlated. The eating of hareſ procureth ſleepe, and thuſ much: for the fleſh and partſ. TheE— _+_ pethiteſ of a Hare expreſſing their natureſ are, Eared;truſting their feet, feareful, careful, Lhſi:fe':ſſ"" fruitefull, flying, raging, vnhorned, little, craſty, cender, ſharp-ſinclling, ſwift, whining, | and wandering ; befide many other Greeke nameſ. When Xerxeſ gathered hiſ Army to ſd gocagainſt Grzecia, a man brought forch a Hare which fore—ſhewed that great Armye orieſ of montiounſ: thould worke no ſtrangeeffect. And another mare of three yeare old broght forth a hare Hareſ, which ſpake aſ ſoone aſ it waſ littered, biting her mother with her teeth, and killing her 50 and while they looked vpon her, ſucking her damſ blood , fetherſ grew out of her backe in faſhion of wingſ, which being done the moſter lifting vpthe voice, ſpake in thiſ mannerſ Fundite iam lachrymaſ & ſuſpiria miſeyi mortaleſ,ego hinc abeo : that iſ to ſay ,O ye wretched mortallmen weepe and figh 1 go away : at which wordſ ſhe flew away and waſ neuer ſeene more. There Of the HLire. / 273 Therewerepreſent atthe ſight heercof. ſeucn publike notarieſ, which calledwitneſſeſ and made inſtrumentſ thereupon, (aſ Anzoniuſ Bawtine writeth in hiſ Epiftle to Peryamſ! Toletuſ of Lyouſ in the yearea 537 eluDecember:}whereunto the ſaide Tolerwſ made thiſanſwer, The daieſ ſhall cometſ@ithheyexceptthe mercy of God preuent them, that childrenſhallthinkethey doc obedience to their parentſ if chey put themito death.. They ſhallgrieue becauſe they were borne, andſay they are adulterate, aſ the Hare that waſ boine of the Maire.: Likewiſe it iſ reported by Li/arder, that when the Corrpthi— anſ retuſecthedcondut of the Lacedemontanſ, andtho: Lacedemonianſ beſicdging the Cit. ty;felltorba very much aftaid, and vawilling todcalethe walleſ ; whileſ they ttood in thiſ o amage, ſuddenly a Hareleaped out ofthe towne ditch; which thing when Z//azderdaw he exhortedhiſ:Souldierſ; ſiymg ; Benot.atfraid ( O yegpar#aneſ) of thiſ ſluggiſhand vnex— erciſed people,; for youfce they ſtirrenotoutofthe citty, but—ſuffer Hareſ to lodge vii— dertheir Walleſ; whetenpon came the> pronerbe ( Doyrmureleporeſ: {nbmventhuſ y Hareſ flecpe:vnder—their Walleſ; to ſiguifie:2 flothfully ſecure, fluggiſh, idle, and votbrifty, eoplewo b 1 1 < P, ct'IL')helEaglcs of Nermdylay theiryounge oneſ.inHareſ ſkinneſ., which thenilelueſ pull off. There iſ alſo a bird in Se/rhiſ, about the bigneſſe ofa Buſtard; which bringeth forth — Ttwoatatime) andkeepeththem in a Hareſ ſkinne which ſhe hangerhvpona—bough Hareſ were dedidated to loue;»becauſe (Aemephonſaith) there iſ no mamthat ſcetha/Hatre buthe go remembred whathe hathloued. | ; (—;», 5 — oanilii>r Theyday thecitty Boewſ of Latenia waſ builded by a ſigneotgood fortune taken from a Hare, for when the inhabitantſ were drinen out of their countrey they went to the Ora> Eleto.deſire a place to.dwell in, from whom they receined anſwer, that D/a74 ſhould ſhew them a dwelling place: they going out of their countrey ahare met wich them which they conſented to follow; aud there to build where the Hare ſhould lodge ,and they followed her to amyrtle treey where the hate hid her ſelfe, in which place they builded their citty; and cuet afterwardſ retained with veneration a myrtle tree. And thuſ Lwillconclude thiſ Parſaninſ morrall diſcourſe—of hareſ, with that Ep/gzam of Marzial/made vponoccaſion of a hare "that inſport paſſed through the mouth and tecthof a tame Lyon, ſaying that ſhe waſ am— 30 bitiouſ. in offering her life to the Lyonſ teeth inthiſ wiſe : Non facit ad ſeuoſ cernix niſiprimaleoneſ Scilicet a magniſ ad te deſcendere tanriſ Deſperandatibieſt ingentiſ gloriafati Quid fugiſ hoſdenteſ ambitioſe lepuſ Et quanoncernunt frangere collavelint | i Nown poteſ haſ tenuiſ pr eda [ub hoſte mori. (The powder of a hare with oyle of mittle, dryueth away paine in the head, and the ſame 4o burned cureththe cough; the powder thereof iſ good for the ſtone in the bladder:alſo h. mea; . the blood and fime of a hare buint in a raw potto powder, afterwardſ drunke faſting with cinſ of Hareſ Wine and warme water, it cureththe ſtore : and Sext@ſ ſaith, hee made triall ofit by puc P#+ ting a ſpoonefullof thke powder into Water whercin waſ a ſand ſtone, and the ſame ſtone didinſtantly melt and diſolue: ſo likewiſe a yorung hare cut out of the damſ belly and burnt to powder, hath the ſame operation. A waſtcoat made of hare Skinſ ſtraighten the bodieſ of young and old +alſo the ſamie dipped in oyle laide to the ſore placeſ of a horſſeſ Leggeſ wherve the Skinne iſ off by onuer reatching , it often cureth the ſore : the blood taken warme out of the body amendeth Sunneburning, freckleſ, pimpleſ, and many other faulteſ in Skinneand face; which Celſuſ preſcribeth to bee doone firſtby waſhing the place many 5© houteſ together, in the morning with the blood, and after wardeſ annoynting it with oile: theſame vertue iſ in the fat of ſwanneſ mwingled with oyle; according to theſaying of Se— yenuſ : . Cygnzoſ adipeſ hilari miſerto ly2o, Omme malumpropere maculoſo ex orefugabiſ Sanguime welleporiſ morbuſ delabitur ommiſſ $(2 274 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Italſo cureth and raketh away the thicke Skin of the ele;it adorneththe ſkinne, produceth haireinableplaceſ,and eaſeththegout. — h. i Or no catim, perduco pileſ droſedo podagr ani>* Sanguine ſifnerintmembyra perunitameſ. ," Itbeing fried helpeth thebloody—flixe, vicerſ in the bowelſ, an old lask;, aſſndſſ taketh away the poyſonofan arrow: Itbcing annointedvpon a whot ontward vicer ir ripeneth it. At. ter a bath, it cureth a greatleproſic by \waſhing.. Therennet of a Hare ſtaiechlooſeneſſe, the fleſh iſ profitable for vicetſ inthebowelſ, it breaketh theſtone being beaten; and be— ing decoGedlike aFox eaſeththegoutand the ſhrinking vp of the ſinneweſ: Thefatwith the flowerſ of beaneſ beaten together , draweth thomeſ out ofthefleſh ; If@naile ſticke' 15 in the fole of the foote beat together the fat of a hare and a rawe ſeaccrabytherlayit to the place andright againſtitvpontheſame footelay allotwoor three bcanc. flowerſ, and let it Ie a day and a nightand ſo it ſnalbe cured: andtheſamedrawetha poiſoned arrow ou ofaHorſſe. Audreaſ reporteth to Geſnerthathe hath often heard that the ſewet of a Hare layed to the crowne of a womanſ head, expelleth herſecundſ, and a dead child outofthe wombe. The powder made of thiſ woolor haire ſtauncheth bleeding,if the haireſ be pul— Ted off from a line Hare, and ſtopped into thenoſe. eiſ The powderof the wooll ofa Hare burned,mingled with the oyle of Mirtleſ,the gal of a Bull, and Allum warmed at the fire and anhointit vppon the heade,faſteneth the haire from falling off : alſo the ſame powder decodted with Hony, helpeththe paineitithe bo— 29 welſ, although they be broken : being taken in a round ball the quantity of a beanietoge— ther; burtheſe medicineſ muſtbe vied euery day. Arnolduſ preſcribeth the haireto becut ſhort andſo to betakeninto thebody againſt burſtneſſe : A perfume made of the dung and haireſ of a Hare, and thefat ofaſea—calſe, draweth forth womenſ flowerſ. Theſeede of awilde Cowcumber,;and an Oyſter ſhell burned, and put into Wine, mingled with the haire of a Hare, andwoollof a ſheep,with theflower of roſeſ, cureth inf lamationſ of womenſ ſecretſ after their child—birch . Alſo Hipecrateſ preſcribeth the ſhe! of a Cuttle—fiſhto be beaten into wineandlayed inſheepſ woolland Hareſhaire, helpeth the falling downe of the wombe of a womana with child. df a manſ feere be ſcorched with cold, the powder of a Hateſ Wooll iſ a remedy for it. The ;0 head ofa Hare burned and mingled with fat of Beareſ and vineger, cauſeth haire to come : where itiſfallen off, and Ga/leſſaith that ſome hane vſed the whole body of a hare o but— nedand mingled for the foreſaid cure, being layed in manner of a plaiſter. By eating of a hareſhcad the trembling of the Nerueſ and the loſſe of motion and ſence in the memberſ receiueth ſinguler remedy. Theſe thingeſ: alſo preſerueth teeth from aking : the powder of a hareſ head burned withſaltmingled together, rubbed vpon the teeth or if ye will put thereunto the whiteſtfeanell;and the dryed beaneſ of a Cutle The Indianſ burne together the hareſ head and mice for thiſ purpoſe . When'oneſ mouth ſmelleth ſtrong thiſ powder with ſpicknard aſſwageth the ſmell. The braine iſ good 49 againſt poiſon. The heart of a Hare hath in yt a theriacall vertuealſo: The braine iſ pro— ued to have power in it for comforting and reparing:the memory. The ſame ſod and ea— tenhelpethtremblingſ which hapeneth in the acceſſionſ of ſickneſſe / ſuch aſ one iſ in the cold ſhaking fit of an Ague : It iſ to bee —noted, that jall trembling bath hiſ originallcauſe from the infirmitie or weakeneſſe of the Nerneſ, aſ iſ apparant in olde age, althoughthe immediat cauſeſ may be ſome cold conſtitation,aſ aboundance of cold humorſ, drinking of cold drink, and ſuch llike ; all which tremblingſ are cured by eating the braine of a hare roaſted, (ſaith Divſcorideſ and Egineta.)Italſo helpeth children to breed teeth eaſily; if the gummeſ be rubbed therewith, for it hath the ſame power againſt inflamation , that hony and Butter hath : being drunke in wine and the ſtoneſ thereof roſted and eaten, it iſ good 59 forhim which hath any paine in hiſ bladder , and if the: vrine exceede ordinary', for ſtay— ing thereoftakethe braine heereof to be drunke in wine. < _The toothofa hare layed to that part where thereethake, eaſeththem. Take the mawe iſf © w_xch _chc dung in it, and waſhit in gld wine _ſo aſ the dung may mingle therewith, and thet gineit to oneſlicke of thebloodyflixe, and it ſhal cure him, The rennet hath the ſamc ve» tue Serentſ, Of the Hare. 275 tue that iſ in a Calueſ or Kydſ, and whereaſ Mcander praiſech it in the firſt place, for the vertue it hath in it againſt poyſon, Mceew an ancient Phiſitian giveth it the ſecondplace, , fite for it iſ full of ſharpe digeſting power, and thereſfore hath a drying quality. Itdiſſolueth Gþ,,, the congcalcdand coagulated milke in the belly , and alſo clotted blood within in the ſto— mach more effectually , then the rennet of any other beaſt, bcing alway the better for the age. , ching mingled with vineger, it iſ drunke againſt poyſon, and alfo if a man or Beaſtbee Dioſcortdeſ annoynted with it, no Serpent, Scorpion, Spider, or wilde Monſe, whoſe teethare veno— mouſ willventer to ſting the body ſo annoiutedof elſe inwardly take thereof threeſpoon— to fulſ with wine againſt the ſaid bitingſ ,or of any Sea—fiſh or Hemlocke after the wound re— ceived, and with vineger it iſ ſoncraigne againſt all poiſon of Chamzleorſ, or the blood of Bulleſ. The ſame being dranke in vineger or applyed outwardly to womenſ breaſtſ, diſper— ſeth the coagulated milke in them : alſo being mingled with Snaileſ,orany other ſhelfiſh, which feede vpon greene herbeſ or leaueſ, it drawech forth Thorneſ, Darteſ, Arroweſ, or Reedeſ out of the belly : or mingled with gum of Franckincenſe, 0 yle, bird:lime, and Beeſ—glew, of each an equall quantity with vineger, it ſtauncheth blood and all yſſueſ of blood flowing out ofthe belly : and it alſo ripeneth an oldfore, according to the laying of Serentſ ; , 20 Siindrcaſ leporiſ aſperſa coagula vino. Being Jayed to the kingſ cuill in Lint with vineger, it diſperſeth and cureth it : alſo it hea— lethCankerſ, it curech a quartan Ague, alſo mixed with Wine and drunke with vineger, againſtthe falling euill and the ſtone in the bladder : If it bee mixed with Sagapanum and Wine Amyrey, and infuſed into the eareſ, giveth help, aſ alſo the paine of the teeth. It p, iefewiieſ diffolueth blood in the lightſ ,and eaſeth the paine of blood congealed in your ſtomacke : when one ſpiteth blood,if he drinke S47/a and Mirtle wine, with the rennet of a hatre, it ſhal giuehim very preſent eaſe. f — Thelaterlearned Phyſitianſ take a drinke made of vineger and Water, and gine it warme to ele& and expell blood out of the Lighteſ, and if any drop thereof cleaue in the 30 bowelſ, then doe they three or foure timeſ together iterate thiſ potion, and after apply and miniſter allbinding aſtringent medicineſ and emplaſterſ, and for the bloody—flix it iſ good to be vſed : It iſ held alſo profitable by D/o/corideſ and other the ancientſ, that if the pap or breſt of a Woman bee annointed therewith, it ſtayeth the ſucking infanteſ looſe— neſſe ofthe belly, or elſe given to the child with Wine , or (if it haue an Ague; with Wa— ter. a There iſ ſaith Azforle in the rennet a fiery quality, but not in the hbigheſtdegree, for aſ fire diſſoluethanddiſcerneth,ſo doth thiſ in milke diſtinguith theayery part from the w2— < tery, and the watery from the earthye : Wherefore when onetaſtethan olde rennet, he ſhall thinke hee taſteth an old putrified Cheeſe,but aſ leauen iſ to bread,which hardneth 0 toyneth, and ſceaſoneth the ſame,ſo iſ rennerto Cheeſe; and therfore both of them haue the ſame qualityeſ of diſſoluing and binding : Ga/leeafirmeth that he cured one of gow— ty tunourſ and ſwellingſ , by applying thereunto olde and ſtrong putrified cheeſe beaten inamorter, and mixed with the ſalted fatte or leg of a Swine. If a man ſicke of thebloo— dy—flixe drinke thereof in a reere egge two ſcrupleſ for three daieſ together faſting, it will Procure him remedy. For pacifieng the Collicke , drinke the renner of a Hare : the ſame mingled with Gooſe greaſey ſtayeth the incontinenſie of vrine,it alſo retaineth womenſ flowerſ. If itbe druink with vineper it helpeth the ſecundſ,and being applied with Saffron andthe inyce ofleckſ, drlſiu eth'a dead child out ofthe wombe. Ifitbe drumke three or foure daieſ toge_thcr afrer go child—birth it cauſeth barrenneſſe. Thereare (ſaith P/iny) akind of Wormeſ which being boundto women ocforetheſumne ryſing in a hartſ 5kin, cauſe them that they cannot con— ceive : thiſ power iſ called Afocion. Maſarinſ ſaith, thatifa Woman drinke thiſ rennet to her meate before ſhe conceiue with child, ſhe ſhallbe deliuered of a Male child : and ſuch iſ the fooliſh opinion of them which affirme at thiſ day ; that if men eate parſly or white budſ of blackeyuie, it maketh them vnable to carnall copulation, The Marcelinſ, a786 Fhe Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Actiuſ The renntt of a Hare caſeth anddiſperſeth al tumorſ and ſwellingſ in womenſ breaſtſ; the Lightſ of a Hare powdred with {ale, wich F ranckinſenſ ,and white Wine, helpeth him > that iſ vexed with the falling ſickneſſe, it he receineit thirey daieſ together. Set/vſ aſcri— beth the ſame remedy to the hart, and P/#zy com mendeth the Lightſ to heale the paine in the eieſ, by binding it vpon the cieſ. Being drunke in powder, it cureth theſecretſ , If theheeleſ be troubledwithkybeſ they are healed with the fat of Beareſ ; but if they bee wrongewith a cold, they are healed with the doſt of aHareſhaire,or the powder of the Lightſ; Likewiſe when the foore iſ hurt with ſtraightſhooeſ, it hgth the ſ;%mc operation, The ancient Magz tooke the ſkin of an Oxe in powder, with the vrine of Boieſ, andſprink— lediton the toeſ ofthere feete, binding the heartofa Hare to the handſ of him that hath 10 a quartan Ague : and ſome cure it by hanging the heart of a young hare or Leveret to the necke or arme, in the beginning of the fit of him that iſ ſo viſited. The }1cart of a hare dri— ed mixed with Franckincenſe or Manna in white wine drunke thirry daieſ together,cureth the falling fickneſe. o: pord i Ploy, For.the paine in the belly take the ſame medicine, and being drunke with warme water mingledwith Samia, cureth the fluxeſ of women : alſo_xf a man that hz}ththc fluxe eat the LiuerofaHare dipped in ſharpe vineger it helpethbimifheebecLiver ficke: or ifone haue the falling ſickneſſe, eate the quantity of an ounce thereof, and it helpeth him. The gall of a Hare, the Hart, Lungſ, Lightſ and liver of a Weaſill, mixed rogether,three dramſ, one dram of Gaſferenm, fourſ dramſ of Myrrba,a.dram of vineger and Hony beat 20 together,curethhim thathath a ſwimming or dizzineſſe in hiſ brain. The galnewly taken forch mingled with a like portion of hony , and warme in the. ſkinne of anonyon, and ſo ſſput into the eare, gineth remedy to him that can hearenothing. Tſhe that iſ ſicke in the melt, that iſ if it be oner hard, ſwallow downe the melt of a Hare not touching itwith hiſ teeth, or ſeeing it with hiſ cieſ, it cureth him. The belly of ahare wicth the intralſ toſted and burned in a frying—pan mixed withoyle, and anointed vponthe head, reſtoreth decaied haireſ. The raineſ of a hare inueterated and drunke in W ine, ex— Au _Peleththe ſtone; and being ſod,cut, and dryed in the ſun, helpeththe paine in the raineſ, ifir be ſwallowed downe and not touched with theteeth., Theraineſ of a hare, and ofa Movore—henne,cureththem that are poiſoned by Spiderſ,; the ſtoneſ of a hare roſtedand pp drunke in wine, ſtaieth the incontinenctie of vrine : Inthe paine of the loineſ, and of the hip boneſ they hauetheſame operationſ The ſecretſ and ſtoneſ of hiareſ are giuen to men and womento makethem apter to copulation and corceprion, but thiſ opinion hath no other ground beſide the foccundity of the beaſteſthat beareththem. They which carry about with them the anckle bone of a hare, ſhal neuer be pained in the belly(aſ P/izy ſaith:) Solikewiſe Sextaſ and Marcelluſ. i : —_— Takethe ancklebone out of a line hare and haireſ from her: belly, there withallmakea threed and bind the ſaid bone to him that haththe Collicke, and it ſhalleaſe him.The ſaid bone alſo beatenito powder iſ reckoned amongethe chiefe remedieſ againſt. the ſtone. When womenhauchard tranel, put itinto Creticke—wine. with the liquor of penyroyall, 40 and it procureth ſpeedy delinery, being bound tothe benummed ioyntſ of a manſ leege bringeth great eaſe :ſo.alſo.do the feete being bruiſed: and. drunke in warme wine,relee uveththearterieſ and ſhortneſſe of breath : and ſome beleeue that by the foote ofahare cut off aliue, the gout iſ eaſed. too SIi The fime of a hare cureth ſcortched memberſ , and whereaſ it waſ; noſinall honour to virginſ inancient time, to haue their breſteſ continually ſtandrout, enery onewaſ preſeri— bed to drinke in wine or ſuch other thingeſ, nine graineſ of hareſ dung : the ſame divnk® inwine at the Evening ſtaieth Foughing in the night, in a potion of warme wineditiſ givel tothem that hauethebloodyflix, likewiſe if a man beſicke of the Collicke, and drink three picleſ thereof in ſweet wine, it procureth him much eaſe :: being decoGed withhony and 50 catlen enery day, the quantity of a beane in deſperatecaſeſ; mendethruptureſ in thebo< welſ. 4 Aſclepiadeſinhiſ medicine whereby he procured fruitſulneſſe toNobleWomen, hee gauethem foure dramſ of Mirtha, two dramſ of Flower—deluce;two of hareſ dung,c% feaed with colluiall water, and ſo put vp into their bellieſ after ceaſing of the flowerſ,b® f t oy o Sextmſ. Galen, Of the Hedg—hog. 277 forethey lay with their buſbandſ. Alberzeſ and Raphael preſcribethiſ medicine to help awoman that wanteth milke in her breſtſ, Cri/f4//, white muſtard—ſeed, and Hareſ dung put into broath made withFennell. THE—HEDGHOG: Oraſmuch aſ * there bee two fortſ of hedghogſ one of the ſea, and I9 anocher of the lad, our purpoſe in thiſ place iſ only to dif courſeof the land hedghog, the Haxe— brewſ cal him 87— pod, which in the 14, of Eſay, and Zepha. 2 . iſ ſo tran— ſlated by the Sep— 20 tuagintſ : although that ſome of the Hzbreweſ woulde have it to ſignifie, arauening byrde, but ſecing that I finde the word K7— paz in moſte Hz— Of the kindſ ofhcdghagſ, T he ſeveral mameo, brewe c_']ictiongrics — 27Z I7 ; { \ſſ\\ þ that iſ moſtproper Z \\\\\\\\Sſi\\ N to ſhut vp & draw P AR@2 \ \ ' \\ \\\\ſſ-'l\ VY N \ together, I doe ra 27 . $V ther beleeue that 2 he 6 ff ody P oy if y b0 y 2 \\R/\\// the proper mean— ſi\\\\ ) \ / \\\ &Zſſ\\ſiſſ thiſ beaſt o draw— ffi\\\' \\ \/\Hſi\\ct* NW eth itſelftogither, ſi/\ſt\\\ \ \ \ \ \/ 7 \\\Mſi:\*? T\ſi 8 o when it iſ in danger W ff\\ \\ :- \\ \\\),-Z.:,:'.y _\\\ſſſſ'-\\\ Aomp tiS ſ a tcſi.-:varc(c:sZ acgor; I \}//ſſ\ \/ (} \'ZYZ\ (\\ſi N ſ-ſiz/ 2 ſ mM y In— © tt ſſlſſſſſictſiſiſſſſſſ"ſſſi IV , \\\\\\ \ Bb 278 Their place ofabode. Ihe Hiſtorie of Foure; ooted Beaſtſ. Implici tumque ſinu (þinoſi corporiſ crem. t The Arabianſ callhim Cenſ#d, orCoufed, the Calde— anſ Cawpeda,the Septuagintſ Muygale. Siluaticnſ callctþ it ,_Agz'[i/nſn, Anicen Aduldaſ, and Aliherhaſignifieth a great Mountaine Hedghog : the Grecianſ C'n_er,aud Acanthoneceſ,or Echinoſ,by reaſon ot the prickeſ vpon hiſ backe. The La{mcs Echinuſ Ericinſ, Ricitſ,He. rix, and Erimatinſ ,the Italianſ Riccr0, and 2iz0, the Spaniardſ Er/c0,the P:)ſſmngnls Ouri— ſo,or Orizo, Cache,becauſe of hiding tlmnſi:lucs : th.c Frcn;h Heriſonythe Germanſ lſigal, aſ inlower Germany, in Holland, Eew 7/ezenVercken in Enghſh a Hedghog,oran yrchine : by which name alto we callaman that holdeth hiſ Necke in hiſ boſome: the Icſſahans Geſf, AMalax ,& Illitianſ Azougier Zatho,&0t2ziſchax.S 0 the for the entrance of thiſ diſcourſe we take it for granted, that Her@matinſ and E chinuſ ſignifie one Fhlngſicx_cept one ofthem ſig— nifie that kind which iſ like to a Hogge,and the other that kinde which iſ like to a Dogge, ii 0 < for they differ in place,or in habitation : ſome ofthembkeepe in the mountaineſ and in the The quanti— tyc. The partſ. Hermolanſ. Albertuſ, Their copu— lation. their inward partſ and dif poſition Woodſ or rollow treeſ, and other about Barneſ and houſeſ : in the Summer time they keepe neare vineyardſ and buſhy placeſ, and gacher fruite,laying itvp qgan:ſtwmtcr. Itiſ about the biggaeſſe of a Cony, but more like to a Hogge, being beſet and com— paſſed all onerwith ſharpe thorney haireſ, aſ well on the face aſ on the feete : and thoſe ſharpe prickleſ are coucred with a kind of ſoft moſſe, but when ſhe iſ angred or gathereth her foodeſhe ſtriketh them vp by an admirable inſtinG ofnature, aſ ſharpe aſ pinneſ or Needleſ : theſe are haire at the beginning, but afterwardeſ grow to be prickleſ, which iſ the leſſe to bemaruciled at, becauſethere bee Miſe in Egyprt (aſ Pliny faith) which have haire like Hedghogſ. Ithath none of theſe prickleſ on the belly, and therefore, when the ſkiniſ off,it iſ in all partſ like a Hog. Hiſ ſtoneſ are inward and cleaue to hiſ loinſ like aſ a birdſ,he hath two holeſ vnder hiſ taile, to eledt hiſ excrementſ, which no creature lining hath beſide him. Hiſ meate iſ Appleſ, Wormeſ, or Grapeſſ; When he findeth Appleſ or Grapeſ on the carth, hee rowlech himſelfe vppon them, vntill he haue filled all hiſ prickleſ, and then carrieththem home to hiſ den ,neuer bearing aboue one in hiſ mouth. And if itfortun that one of them fall off by the way, he likewiſe ſhaketh off all the reſidue ,and walloweth vpon them a freſh, yntill they be allſetled vpon hiſ backe againe, ſo foorth hee goeth, making a noy{e like a: cart wheele. \ 0 + And ifhee hane any young oneſ in hiſ neſt , they pull of hiſ load wherewithall he iſloaded, eating thereof what they pleaſe, and laying vppethereſidue for the time to come. When they are nouriſhed at home in houſeſ and brought vp tame, they drinke both Milkeand Wine : But thereiſ an Hearbe (called Ppzomag/zon) whereof if they taſt, they die preſently. When they are in carnall copulation they ſtand vpright, andarenot ioy— ned like other beaſteſ, for they imbrace one another, ſtanding belly to belly : but the prickly thorneſ vppon their backeſ will not ſuffer them to haue copulation like Doggeſ or Swine, and for thiſ cauſethey are a very littlewhile incopulation, becauſe they cannot 4 ſtandlong together vpon their hinder Leggeſ . When the female iſ to bring forch her young oneſ , and fecleth the naturall paine of her delinery, ſhe pricketh her owne belly, to delay and put of her miſery, to herfurther paine, whereupon came the prouerbe (aſ Eraſmuſ ſaith)Echinuſ Partum Differt, the hedghog putteth of the littering ofher young which iſ alſo applyed againſtthem which putofand defer thoſe neceffiryſi\:vorkcs, which God and nature hath prouided them to vndergoe 5 aſ when a poore man defereth the paiement of hiſ debt, vatillthe value and ſumine grow to befar more great then the principall. The inward diſpoſttion of thiſ beaſt, appeareth to bee very crafty and full of ſuttlety; by thiſ, becauſe (Z/cophron ſaith) that Nawpliuſ had a cunning crooked wit, and waſ called 5® by him a Hedghog. Whenchey hide themſclueſ in their den,they haue a naturall vnder— ſtanding ofthe turning of thewind, South and North, and they that are noriſhed tame in houſeſ, immediatly beforethat change remoue from one Walto another : the wild oneſ haue two holeſ in their caue,the one north,thother ſouth, obſeruing to ſtop the moutha— gainſt the wind ſ the $kiful mariner to ſtiere & turne the rudder or ſailſ,fox which occali— on Ariſtotle i» 0 0 o2 Of the Hedg—hog. 279 Ariftotleſaith,that ſome hanue held opinion,;that they do naturally fore—know the chang of Oppiannſ, weather. u There iſ mortall hatred betwixtche Serpent and the Hedgehog, the Serpent ſeeketh Zl'ſi:;lſ};\(;cz out the Hedghogſ den, and falleth vpon her to kill her, the Hedghog drawethitſelſevp in together round likea foot—ball, ſo that nothing appearech on her but her thorney prickeſ: whereat the Serpent biteth in vaine, for the more ſhe laboreth to anoy the Hedghog, the more ſhe iſ wounded and harmethher ſelfe,yet notwithſtanding the height of her mitide, and hate of her heart dothnot ſuffer her to let goe her hold, till one or both partieſ bee deſtroyed. | & » [MitAt o | The Hehghog rowleth vpon the Serpentpiercing hiſ Skin and fieſh, (yea many timeſ tearing the fleſhfrom the boneſywhereby heſcapethaline and kjllcth þis aduerſary, car— rying the fleſh vpon hiſ ſpeareſ, like an honorable banner won from hiſ aduerſary in the field. The Wolfealſo iſ afraid ofand flycthfromthe Hedghog, and thereiſ alſo a ſtory ofhatred between the Hareand the hedghog;, for it iſ ſaid thata Hare waſ feene to plucke off the prickleſfrom the Hedghog, and leaue her bald, picled, and naked,without an y de fence. The Fox iſ alſo an enemy to the poore Hedgechogge, and lieth in waite to kill it, for the proucrbeiſ trye . Mylra npowit vulpeſ, Echinuſ Vero vanutmm magnum : That iſ to ſay ,the Foxe knoweth many deviſeſ: to helpe himſelfe, but the Hedgchogge knoweſ but one great one}, for by rowling vp her ſelfe (aſ beforeſaid) ſhee oppoſeth the thorneſ of 2 0 her back, againſt the Foxeſ teeth : which alone were ſufficient to ſecure her froma greater adverſary ; but the wily Fox pereegiving that he can no where faſten hiſ teeth without dan— ger of himſelfe,piſſethypon theHedghogſface and poiſoneth hir : Wherupon the poor beaſtiſ forced to lay open himſelfe, and to take breath againſt theFoxeſ ſtmcking excre— ment : which thinge the Foxe eſpying, looſethno oportunity, but preſently teareth the Hedghog in peeceſ, thuſ the poorebeaſt auoiding the poyſon, falleth intothe mouth of hiſ enemy. t The manner of Hedgehogſ iſ, that whenſoener they are hunted by meny they draw vp their Legſ and put downe there head to the nſofſy part of there belly, ſoaſnothing of them can be taken but there prickleſ:and perceiuing that ſhiftwil not ſeruethe turne,but go their caſe growing deſperate, they render out of their owne bodieſ a cerrainyrine hurtful to their ſkin and back, enuying that any good thereby ſhould euer come to mankind;and therefore ſeeing they naturally know the manifold vieſ of their owne hideſ, heere iſ the cunning of her hunting, to cauſe her firſt of all to render her vrine? and afterward to take her, for the vrine maketh the thorneſ of her back to falloff euery day, and therefore they take thiſ courſe for their laſt refuge : Butin theſe caſeſ the hunterſ muſt poure vppon the Hedghog warme water,for feeling warmth ſhe preſently vnfoldſ her ſelf) and lyeth oper whichthe Hunter muſt obſerue, and inſtantly take her by one of her hinder Leggeſ,ſo haknging her vp till ſhe bekilled withfamine ; otherwiſe there commeth no benefitby her taxing. V\% ith the ſame Skin flead off ,bruſheſ are made for garmentſ, ſo thatthey complaine il which affirme, that there iſ no good or profitable condicion comming to mankind by ( 'f[_*ct'ct' : thiſ beaſt. Againe thiſ iſ to be reſereud and vſed for dreſſing of flaxe (aſ M//dri@ſ ſaith) L:ſi:ſi:ſſfiſſ;%h and alſo it iſ ſet vpon a Laueline at the dore to drive away Dogſ. In ancienttimethey did not eate the fleſh of Hedgechogſ, but now a daieſ men eate thereof, (ofthem which are of the ſwiniſh kind. )When the ſkin iſ off their bodieſ, they Skald it a little in wine and vine— ger, afterward Jardit and put it vppon a Spitte, and there letit be roſted, andafterwardeſ caten,but if the head be not cut off at one blow the fleſh iſ not good. , TheEpithitſ belonging to thiſ beaſt are not many ; it iſ called red, ſharp, maryne, yo— lible, and rough, whereupon Eraſmuſ ſaid, go 4o Exhirco in lenem nunquam mutabiſ Echinum & Andthuſ much for the naturall and morall parteſ of thiſ Beaſt. Now followeth Tt themedicinall. Tenne ſprigſ of Lawrell, ſeauen graineſ of Pepper, and of Opponax aſ Hcct{)ghogs big aſ a Peaſe, the ſkin of the ribſ of a H edghog, dryedandbeaten caſt into three cupſ of * WWater and warmed, ſo being drunk of one that hath the Collickcſſſſ and let, reſt, he ſhall þ 3 in Raſiſ Marcelluſ Actianuſ Dioſcorideſ CMearcelluſ. Auicen Albertnſ, Plag, T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. in perfe@thealth; but with thiſ exception , that for a man it muſt bee the membrane of a male Hedgchog, and for a woman a temale. The ſame inembranc or the body of all Hedgchogſ burnt to aſbeſ, hath power in it of clenſing, digeſting, and detracting, and therefore it iſvſed by Phiſitianſ for taking downe of proud ſwelling woundſ, and alſo for the clenfing of vicerſ and boyleſ ; butſpe— cially the powder of the ſkinue hath that vertue ; alſo it being roſted. with the head, and afterwardeſ beate vnto powder and annoynted on the head with Horly, cureth the A/— peviaſ. The ſame powder reſtoreth haire vpon a wound if it bemingled with Pitch, andifyou adde thereunto Beareſ—greaſe, it will reſtore vneo a bald man hiſ head of haire againe, if 19 the place berubbed vntill it be ready to bleed. The ſame powder cureth the Fiſtula, and ſome mingle red Snaileſ with thiſ duſt, applying it in a plaiſter to ruptureſ and ſwellingſ in the codſ, and being mingled with oile by anointment, it taketh away the burleſ in the face, and being drunke in wine iſ a remedy againſtthe paineſ of the raineſ or the water be. twixt the ſkinand the fleſh. A ſuffumigation made of a Hedgchogſſkin, vnder them that baue their vrine ſtopped by Godſ help (ſaith my Author) the ſtopping ſhall be remoued, if it proceedenot from the ſtone; nor from an impoſtime. The fleſh{alted, dried, & beat to powder , and ſo drunk with ſweere vineger, helpeth the paine in theraineſ, the beginning of Dropſieſ, conuulſi— onſ, and Leprofieſ,andallthoſe affectionſ which the Greecianſ cal CarhecZF#. The Moun. taine Hedghog iſ better then the domeſticall, hauing prickleſ like Needleſ pointeſ, but " Leggeſ like to the other : the meate iſ of berter taſt and doth more helpe to the ſtom,zck ſoftning the belly and prouoking the vrine more effeQGually, and all thiſ which iſ attribue ted to Hedghogſ iſ muchmorepowerfullin the porcupine. The Hedghogſalted and eaten iſ good againſtthe Leproſic, the Crampe, and allſick— neſſe in the Nerueſ, and Prtiſicke and paine in the bellyc, riſing of windineſſeand difficul— ty ofdigeſtion:: the powder anointed on Women with child alwaieſ keepeth them from abortment. The fleſh being ſtale given to a madde man, cureth him, and being eatenke— pethone from the Strangury ; allo being drunke in wine, expelleth the ſtone in the blad— der, and iſ good againſt a quortidian feuer and the bitingeſ of Serpenteſ. The fatte of a »; Hedgehog ſtayeth the fiuxe of the bowelſ; If the fat with warme water and hony be gar— gatized, itamendeth a broken and hoarſe voice, thelefteie being fried with oile, yeal deth aliquor which cauſerHſlecpe, if itbee infuled into the eareſ with aquill. The gail with the braine of a Batand the milke of a Dog, cureth the raineſ 5 likewiſe, the ſaid galldothnot ſuffervncomely haireſto grow againe vponthe eic—broweſ,where once they haue bin pul— led vp. It maketh alſo a good cic—falue. * P Wartſ of al ſortſ are likewiſe taken away by the ſame, the melt ſod and eaten with meat, it healeth all paineſ in the melt, and the raineſ dried are good againſta leprofic or cjſickc, comming by vicer, or the difficulty of vrine, the bloody—flixe, and the cough. Thx dunge of a Hedghog freſh,and Sapdaracha with vineger and liquid pitch,being laiedto the hcagd 49 ſtaieth the falling away of the haire. a When a man iſ bitten witha mad dog, or pricked with prickleſ of a Hedghog,hiſ own vrine Iaid there vato with a ſpunge or. Wooll, iſ the beſt cure: or if the thorncs)ſtickcin the wound of hiſ foote, let him hold it in the warme vrine of a man ,and it ſhall eaſily ſhake them forth : and Albeyt»m and Raſiſ affirme, that if the right eie of a Hedgho bcyfi' ed with the oile of Alder»e or line—ſeed , and put in a veſſell of redbraſſe,,and afrcrw%rd alx><ſſ>in£ hiſ cieſ therewith, aſ with an cie—ſalue, he ſhall ſee aſ well in the dark,c aſ in the light . And thuſ I will concludethiſ diſcourſe , withone ſtory thata Hedghog of the earth w%s d;-_djcgct. ted to the Good—god among the fooliſh Paganſ, and the water Hedghog to the cuill, and thatonee inthe cittyeof phrigiſ called Azapium when a great famine troubled the iſiha- ſ b[ltaFts, andno ſacrigcc could remoue it, one Euphorbuſſacrificed a hedghog,whereupon | thefamine remoued and he waſ made prieſt, ar i i Ooccaſion of that ſacrifice. ESe ty why EZ Tyoganeſ ypor c.hc of Of the Horſe. 281 OF THE HOR SSE. & Hen I conſider the wondetfull workeof God in the creation of thiſ Beaſt,enduing it with a ſingular body and a Noble ſpirit, the princi— & pal wherof iſ a louing and dutifull inclination totheſeruice of man; Wherein heneuer faileth in peace nor Warre, being euery way £C morenearevnto him for labour and trauell: and therefore more » deare (the food of man onely excepted : ) we muſt needeſaccount E it the moſtnoble and neceſſary creatureof all foure footed—beaſtſ, ©d /S#d8 beforcwhom no one for multitudeand generality of good qualitieſ iſ to be preferred, compared or equaled, whoſe commendationſ ſhalappeare in the whole 77 —..... diſcourſefollowing. nameſ of hor It iſ called in H;brew Su/, & a Mare Suſzh, the which word ſome derive from S5i/ ſignifi— ſ ing ioy, the Syrianſ call it Reke/h and Saw/zaſ, the Arabianſ Ranica, and the Caldeanſ Re— aakim, Suſuatha,the Avabianſ Bagel, the Petſianſ Aſbacha, the Grecianſ Hippoſ, and at thiſ day Alogo,the Latineſ Eqgu=ſ, and Cabailuſ, the Italianſand Spaniardeſ Canallo, the FrenchChewall, the Germanſ Ayſ/S, the Bohemianſ Kw#, the Illirianſ Koby/a, thePolo— a nianſ Roxy. & It iſ alſo profitable to conſider the reaſon of ſome of theſe nameſ, both in the E2trE The geriua— & Greektong : and firſt of all Equnſ ſeemeth to be derivued, Ab equalirate,from equality, tion ot ſun— becauſe they were firſtvſed in Charetſ and draughteſ, and were loyned together being of 4y 297< equall frength, Legſ and ſtature, CabalZmſ ſeemethto be deriued from the Greeke word Caballeſ, which waſ a common name for ordinary Hackney—horſſeſ, and Horſſeſ of carri— age, whereupon Senceſ commendeth Marenſ Cato, that in hiſ triumph of Cenſorſhip, Vno Caballo contentum et ne toto quidem,partern enim ſarcing ab vtroque latere dependenteſ octupahant. That iſ to ſay , that he waſ contented with one Horſſe for hiſ ownſaddle, and yet not totally one neither, for the packeſ that hung on either ſide of bim, poſſeſled the 20 greateſtpart, and the true deriuation of thiſ word, {eemeth to acord with Cape, which ſig— nifieth a manger, and A// aboundance, becauſe riding Horſſeſare more plentifully fed; and theſe Horſſeſ were alſo vſed for plowing, according to theſaying of Horace 5 Optat ephippiaboſ piger optat arare Caballuſ. The Grecianſ call it 2Z%p0ſ, which ſeemeſ tobe deriued from ſtanding vpon hiſ feete,and thiſ beaſt onely ſeemethi to be one of the number of them, whichate called Armwenza. And beſideſ all hiſtorieſ are filledwith appellatine nameſ of horſſeſ, ſuch aſ theſe are Alaſtor, Aethon,Nicteuſ, and Ornenſ the Horſſeſ of Pluto. Aetha a Mare of Agamemnon remembred by Apwer. Acthion, Statio, Eouſ, Phlego, Pyroiſ : the Horſſeſ of the Sun;Lam— Claudian puſ, Podarguſ, Ximpuſ, Arnon, the horſſeſ of Erymuſ : by whoſe ay de Herealeſ iſ ſaide to ouercome Cygmmſ, the Sonne of Marſ. Balinuſ, Xanthuſ, and Pedaſuſ , the horſſeſ of Achil— leſ, Boriſteneſ , for whom Adrianuſ made a graue(aſ Dion writethy Brominſ, Cernſ, Calydoen, Camphaſwſ, Cnaſiuſ, Corythe.and Herpinuſ, two nameſ of Brittaine horſſeſ cited by Marzial and Gillinſ. Cylaruſ the ſwift horfieſ of Caſtor, Dimo:, and Phoboeſ, the horſſeſ of Marſ. E#— riele, Glaucuſ, and Sthenon,the horſſeſ of Neptune, Parthenia, and Euripha, Mareſ belong— ing to the Swui/torſ of Hippodamin,ſlaineby Ocnomanſ . Harpe, another Mare, Phoenix and Corax the horſſeſ of Cleoſtheneſ. Epidamnenſ, who wanthe prizeſ in the ſixty ſixe Olimpi— ade, and cauſed a ſtatue to be made in O/pmp#ſ, and hiſ ſaid horſſeſ and—Charrior called Pantarceſ,and beſide theſe,other Cuaci@eſ and Samuſ. Alſo podarceſ, Rhoebuſ, Strymon, Tagu:, Theron, Thoeſ, Volueriſ, which waſ a horſſe of 20 ?rdſiznum, and itiſ reported that Ferwſ the Emperor ſo much affected thiſ borſſe, that he not onely cauſed him to be brought into hiſ owne Pallace, and to haue hiſ meate alway given in hiſ preſence, but made of him a piture with a manger, wherein were Grapeſ and Corne, from whence came the firſt Golden borſſeſ or prizeſ of chiualry ; | Primuſ equum volucrem Maſgjli muncraregiſ Haud ſpernenda tulit — Bb 3 Vnato footed Beaſtſ. "OFre— y & iftoriſ ſſ E T he H —<= y o — ſiſi\\\\\%\ *L\\M N 1 ſſ \\\ — . er o _— tN\ y &— _— :z geS———————— Z >ie ————— Of the Horſſe. 283 Vinto theſe may be added the affected nameſ of Poctſ in lone of their fauoriteſ, aſ RGo— Mndm,Vegiantmm,Bctiardm , the horſſe of Razma/duſ, Rubicanuſ of Argalifaſ, H/ſſſigctfict Of Rugermſ, Frontinuſ and Fratalatuſ of Sacrapan, and Rondelliuſ ot Olineriuſ. : — The Epithitſ that belong to borſſeſ, are either generall or particular, the generalmay 'flſiſixjſz]ſiſiffl" berchearſed in thiſ place, ſuch aſ theſe are following : brafſe—foored, continuall, horne= **'*** ' footed, ſounding—footed, foming, bridle—bearer, neighing, maned, duſty,four—footed, fretting,ſaddle—bearing, watery , or ſweating, whole—footed; and many ſuch otherſ both among the Greekeſ and Latineſ,which howſoener they may containe dinerſ Alegorieſ £o in them, and thereforegmay ſeemic to be figuratively ſet downe, yet I thought good be— 1 o ing of other opinion to reckon them heere in the beginning, that ſo the reader may con— ſider,, that I would be vnwilling to omit any thing in thiſ ſtory, which might any way tend to the dignity of the ſubieA we intreatof, or the expreſſing of hiſ nature. Wherefore, wee will firſte of all beginne with the deſcription of the namrall parteſ of a good Horſſe. The haire of a horſſe falleth off enuery yeare, the neather eyelid or browe hath no long haireſ growing vpon it, auti therefore Mveoſ# that famouſ painter of Greece, when hee had moſtcuriouſly Imbed fortha horſſeſ perfeCtion, & faild in no part of nature or are, TÞe Ma but onely in placing haireſ vnder hiſ eic, for that onely faulthee receiued a diſgracefull dar FZF\, blactn]c' 4 It of Horſleſ. 20 The haire of the maneſ oughtto be long, that part which groweth betwixt the eareſ, vpon the Templeſ, hanging downe betwixt the eyeſ,che Greecianſ tearme Prormmion,che Latineſ Caproma, and in Engliſh it may be called a fore—top, which iſ graunted to borſſeſ notonely for ornament ſake, but alſo for neceſſitie to defend their eieſ. The horſſeſ are naturally proud oftheſe lockeſ and/ manieſ, aſ may appear by thoſe mareſ whichare kept | for procreation of muleſ, by copulation with Aſſeſ, which at the firſt deſpiſe—to ingen— der with thoſe ſnaucling and ſhort haired Stallionſ. I ov09dm Whereforethcirkeeperſ ſhaue off their maneſ ;and their fore—topſ;afterwardſ leading them to the waterſ, wherein while the Mareſ behold their owne deformity; they grow ſo ſhamed, deiected, and diſcouraged , that ener aſter: they admit with quiemneſſe the Aſſeſ o to couer them . Thereforcit iſ never good to cut the mane or the fetter—lockeſ except f neceſſity require, forthe mane and fore—top iſ an ornament to the Necke and head, and v thefetter lockeſ to the Leggeſ and feete : and he thatkeepeth horſſeſ muſt aſ well regard to haue them comely for outward grace, aſ ſtrotigeand able for neceſſary laboutr.. Many vie to cur the Neckeſ of their riding Horſſeſ enen; aſ they doceof their drawingHorſſeſ, whichthing althou ghitmay ſeeme to be done for greater encreaſe, and farchergroweth ofhaire, yet iſ it vnſeemely for an honeſtrider : ſome againe cutitto ſtand compaſſe like abow, and many vſethe Armenianfaſhion, cutting themane by roweſ, leauing ſome lon— gerthen other, aſ it were the batlementſ ofa Church ; but the beſt faſhion ofall iſ the Petſian cut, whereby the one halfe of the thickneſſeiſ cut away onthe left ſidej andthe 0— 3y ;Zlc[r on therightſideſmoothly turned oner and combed, according to the ſayſſlg ofVir— eX leamm, Denſainiba &r dextro iattata recumbit B aymo. But ifthe Horſſe be double maned and ſo the haire fallhalfe on the one fide, and halfe on the other, then cut all the middle haiteſ away, andleaue both the ſideſ whole:forſiich. waſ theinuention of the Paz#hianſ: In a Coult or young foale the hinder part iſhier their 'iþjſi' gore part, but aſ he growſ in yeareſ; ſolikewiſe theforepart groweth higher then the inder. lo3ſ to Thiſ beaſt hathtwo bonieſ in hiſ head ,and other twodiſcending frombiſforchead to the o Noſtrilſ; twoinferior Gumbeſ , or Checke—boneſ, fortyreeth, that iſ to ſay, foureand Twerty grynderſ, foure canyne, and twelue biting reeth ; thero are ſeauen croſſe ribbeſ in hiſ Necke, and ſeuen from hiſ raineſto hiſhole, hiſ raile hath twelue commiſutreſ, and two Ragale in hiſ fore— ſhoulderſ, from hiſ ſholderſ to hiſ Leggeſ other two, from hiſ Leggeſ to hiſ kneeſ two moe, in hiſ kneeſ thereare twoo ſupporterſ, and from the . E ſhin 28 4 &» : T Nertet in _/C_ſſct!ſſzſh! The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ſhin, to the Articleſ two mo, there are ſixteene ſmall boneſ in the bottome ofhiſhooſe, and but one in hiſ breſt, in the inward partſ thereare ſix and twenty ribſ,ſrom the hinder partſ to the top of hiſ reyneſ, the two grinding boneſ; and from them to the hinder part ofthe head there are two moe, and two little ribbeſ from the vpper part of the thigh to the Gamba, and from thence to the haire of the paſterneſ, there are two,, and the little oneſ to the hooueſ ſixteene, fo.all the boneſ in number are accounted a hundred and ſe— uenty. & Now it followethto declare themeaſtre and number of the memberſ ; thereare twelue ſtepſ or degreeſ in the roofe of hiſ mouth, hiſ tongue iſ halfe a foot long,, the vp— per lip hath twelue yncheſ,;the voder lip fiue, enery one of the cheekſ ten : from the fore— locke to the Noſtrilſ he bath one foot in length, hiſ two eareſ containe ſix yenheſ, and hiſ cieſ foure yncheſ a peece. From hiſ fore—locke to the Merenrimſ, there are contained 8. yncheſ, the backbone containeth threeand thirty crofſeribſ.From the conuulſial of the reineſ, to the top of the taile, are twelue commiſſureſ,the length of hiſ Sagwlſ containeth alſo twelue yncheſ, from hiſ ſnoulderſ to hiſleggeſ ſix, from hiſ legſ to hiſ kneeſ a foote inlength, from the Articleſ to the hooueſfoure yucheſ, in hiſ whole length ſixe feete. And thiſ iſthe ſtature of a couragiouſ and middle horſle, for Iknow there are bothbig— gerandleſſer. The quality and the meaſure of the nerueſ or ſinngiyeſ iſ thiſ, from the middle noſt— rilſ through the heade necke and backe. bone, iſ a dubble file or thred to thetoppe of the taile, which contayneth twelue foot in length. The two broad ſinnewſ in thenecke do con— taine foure—foot, from the ſhoulderſto the kneeſ, there are two ſinneweſ, from the knee to the bottome of the foorthere are foure {inneweſ, in the fore—legſ there are ten ſinnewſ inthebinderleggeſ thereare otherten ſinneweſ, from the reyneſ to the ſtoneſ thereare foure ſinneweſ, ſo the whole number of them amounteth to thirty foure—:Conſequently the number of the vaineſ iſ to be declared. In the pallet or roofe of the mouth, there are two vaineſ, vader the cieſ other two, in the breſtother two, and in the leggeſ other two, foure vnder the paſtroneſ, two in the ancleſ, foure inthe crowne ofthe paſtroneſ, foure outo!the thigheſ, two out of the loineſ, two out of the Gambaeſ, one out of the tayle, and two in the wombe ot Matrix, ſo the whole number iſ nine and twenty. There are. certaine vaineſ aboue the eieſ which are divided in horſſeſ, wherin they are let blood , by making inthem ſmall inciſionſ the blood alſo iſ taken out of the vaineſ ,in the pallet or toofeotthe mouth There waſ an auncient cuſtome of letting horſſeſ blood vpon Saint Sreuenſ day by reaſon of many holy daieſ oneſucceeding another, but that cuſtome iſ now growne out of vſe: Alſoſome take blood out of the Matrixe vaineſ, but thatiſnot to beadmitted in geldingſ, becauſe with their ſtoneſ they loſe a great part of their heat, excepting extreame neceſſity, butout of the pallat bloode may beelet euery moneth,and ſtallionſ when they arekeptfrom mareſ if the vaine of their moutheſ bee opened, falinto blindneſ.,although it iſ no good part of buſbandry to let them bleed that yeare, wherein they admit copulation, for the vacuation of blood and ſeede, iſ a dubble charge to nature. But in the Organicallvaineofthenechk, iſ the beſt letting of blood, both in ſtoned and gelded horſſeſ. The later leacheſ make incilion in the great vaine called Foptanella, and alſo in Thywuſ or rugulit/The cieſ of a horſſe are greyyor glaſſy;and it iſ reported by Aw— guſtuſ, that hiſ cieſ were much more brighter then other.menſ ,veſembling horſſeſ:theſe cieſ ſee perfetly in the night, yet their colour varieth aſ it doth in men, according to the caprineand glazic humor. And ſometimeſ it falleth out , that one, and the ſame horſſe hath two cieſ of diſtind colourſ. When the eieſ of a horſſe hang outward,he iſ called Ex® ophthalmoſ. Such faire cieſ are beſt, for Bucephaluſ the horſſe of Alexander had ſuch eieſ, but when the cieſ hang inward, they are called Coelppþ—Thalmei, andthe Parthianſ count them thebeſt horſſeſ , whoſe eieſ are of diverſ colourſ, and are therefore called Heteroph Thalmoi, becauſe the breed of that horſſe waſ ſaid to'take the beginning from the Parth/— anſy & the reaſon why the people loued not theſe horſleſ waſ, becauſe they were fearful, and apt to run away in warreſ. . 'The 3 —I. a 0 0 0 Of the Horſſſ. 285 The eareſ of a horſſe, aretokenſ andnoteſ of hiſ ſtomacke, aſ a taile iſ to a Lyon, hiſ Arifor/e, teethare changed , yet they grow cloſe together like a manſ. It iſ a hard thing for a Horſſe to haue a good mouth, except hiſ ſtallion teeth bee pulled out, for when he iſ chatedor heated, he cannot be helde backe by hiſ rider, but diſdaineth the bridle : wherefore after they be three yeare and a halfe old, thoſe teeth ought to be pulled forth.In old age, a hor— ſeſ teeth grow whiter, but in other creatureſ blacker. A mare hath two vdderſ betwixt her thigheſ, yet bringeth foorth but one at a time : many of the Mareſ hane no papſ at al, but only they whichare like their dammeſ. Inthe heart of a Horſſe there iſ a little bone, likeaſ inan Oxe, and a Mule, he hath no gall like reo Muleſ, and Affſeſ, and other whole—footed—beaſteſ, howſoener (ſome ſay) it lyeth in hiſ belly, and otherſ that it cleaueth to hiſ liner ,or to the gut—colon. Theſmal gutſ of a horſe lie neare that gut, that ſo oneſide of hiſ belly may beefree and full of paſſage; and from hence it commeth, that the beſt Horſſeſ, when they runne or traue t hard, haue a noyſe or rumbling in their belly.The hip—bone of a horſſe iſ called by ſome the Haunch, aſ the A— rabianſ ſay ,the taile(becauſe therwith he drineth away flieſ)iſ called My/carivw, it ought to be long, andful of haireſ. Theleggeſ are called Gambe of Campo, lignifying rreading: the hooueſ of a horſſe ought neither to be high nor very low, neither ought the horſſe to reſtvpon hiſ ancleſ, and thoſe horſſeſ which haue ſtraight boneſ in the Articleſ of their hinder kneeſ, ſet harde on the grounde, and weary theryder: but where the boneſ are 20 ſhort in theſame placeſ, aſ they are in Doggeſ,;there the horſſealſo breaketh, and woun— dethonelegge with another, and therefore ſuch horſſeſ are called Cypuypode.They haue alſo quicke fleſh in their hooueſ, and their hooneſ are ſometimeſ called horneſ, vppon which for their better trauel, men haue deuiſed to faſten yron plateſ or ſhooeſ. Thiſ hoot ought to be hard and fhollow , that the Beaſtmay notbee offendſd, when he goeth vppon ſtoneſ; they ought not to be white, nor broade, butalwaieſ kept moiſt, thatſo they may trauelthe better, hauing ſtrong feet, hard and ſound hooueſ, for which cauſe the Grz— cianſ callthem Expodeſ. Foraſmuch aſ it iſ requiſite for enery man to prouide him borſſeſ of the beſt race , and thecir kindſ are diverſin moſt placeſ of the world, ſo the courſerſ of horſſeſ do many I}ſiflf:ſi*;ſſ 30 timeſ beguil the ſimplerſort of buyerſ, by lying and deceiptfulafirmation of the wrong tionſ, countrieſ of the beſt horſſeſ, which thinge bringetha confuſion : for there are aſ many kindſ of horſſeſ aſ nationſ, I will therefore declare ſeuerally the countrieſ breeding the horſſeſ, for the Region and aire maketh in them much alteration,that ſo the reader may in _ . a ſhort view ſee a muſter of horſſeſ made of all nationſ, The wilderneſ of Arcauania, and OPP*"*$ Etolia iſ aſ fit for feeding of horſſeſ aſ Theſſalie . The horſſeſ ofthe Greekeſ, Armenianſ, and Troianſ are fit for war,, of the Greekiſb I wil ſpeake more afterward. Apolowinſ Alexandriawaſ wont to take great delight in horſeſ and combatſ of horſſeſ : Appolo— Horſeſ with niuſ writeth Lib. 5 . Acthiopia (aſ it iſ reported) breedeth horſſeſ hauing wingſ and hornſ. ffi?gc,fsmct Varro commendeth the Apu/ian horſleſ, and Velatteraneſ writeth, that they and the horſſeſ 0 of Roſea are moſt fit for warre : he meaneth aboue all the horfſeſ of Italy.There haue bene very fruitful paſtureſ in Arcadia for cattell, eſpecially for breeding horſſeſ ind Aſſeſ that are Stallionſ,for the procreation of Muleſ,and the breed of the Arcadiaſ horſeſ excelleth. Theſame man prefereth the horſſeſ of TÞhe//a/rſ & the Grekiſh horſſeſ,for they are ſound of their feeteand heade, but not of comely buttockeſ, they haue theit backe: bone whole, great, and ſhort. a Ruelluſ Thelatter two I might haue referred to the whole body of the horſſe. The horſſeſ of 2 Armeniaate very neceſſary and conuenient for war , for they and the Capaducianſ dobreed RlſymM of the Parzhiap horſſeſ,ſauing their headſ are ſomewhat bigger. Of the Auckne) or com— mon horſſeſ, I wil ſay more afterward where I touch the difference of horſſeſ, and of their pace. The Baybarian horſſeſ are the ſame aſ the Zybi2p horſſeſ. Vegerimſ commendeth the horſſeſ of Turingſ and Burgundia after them of yonuſti. Brittaine breedeth little horſſeſ & amblerſ.Of horſſeſ thatare celebrate of the Calp/a# mountaine, See in the Spaniſh. The horſſeſ of Cappadecia and Armenia have their breed ofthe Par#h/anſ, but their headeſare Trr@u;, bigger, and are of a moſtfamouſ nobilitic,for that country beforeany other land, iſ moſt gommodiouſfor thenouriſhing of horſſeſ, according to the verſeſ of Nemeſian; P * * C/!!f Strabo, Swetominſ PVarrim Strabo T he Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Cappadocumgue not aſ referat generoſapropago, Armata& palmaſ niaper grex omniſ anorum. The cappadocianſ do pay to the Perſſanſ enuery yeare, beſide filuer,; athouſand and fue hundred Horſſeſ, &c. The Medeſ haue the doble of theſe,and they Sir—name the Cappado. cianſ horſſeſ famouſ and ſwift, for he ſaith, that whileſ theſe are young,they are accoun.— ted weake by reaſon of their young teeth, and their body feeding on milke, but the older they grow, ſo much theſwifter they are, being very couragiouſ ;_md apt for war and hun.— ting, for they are not afraid of weaponſ, neither to encounter with wilde beaſtſ. MrzZzcz iſ a citty of Cappadocia,ſcituate vnder the mountaine Argem now called Ceſizrmſſ aſ Exſe— binſ remembreth in hiſ Chronicleſ, and from that citty commeth the Myzace@iazhorſſe for the Cappadecian horſſe.Andnot onely the countrey, but the citty it ſelfeſometime waſ ealled Cappadecia fromthiſ citty or walled towne Iuppoſethe horſſeſ of Mazarcawere ſo called, which Oppiamiſ calleth AMuzaci, of theſe alſo and more, I will ſet downe theſe verſeſ of Nemeſian : Sit t1bipraterea [onipeſ Mauruſiatelluſ Quem mittit modo ſit gentile ſanguine frrmuſ, Quemgne coloratuſ Mazax deſerta per arna Panit, & aſſiduoſ docuit toleyare laboreſ Ie pigeat quod turpe deformiſ & alunſ Eſtilliſ, quodque infreneſ, quod libey vterque, Quogque inbiſ pronoſ ceruix dinerberet armoſ. Nam flectifaciliſlaſtinague colla ſecutuſ Paret inobſequium lenta moderamine virga. Verbera ſunit pracepta fug2, ſun? verberafreni, Quin & promiſſi ſpatioſuper equora campi, . Curſibuſ acquirunt commoto [anguine vireſ, Panlatimgnue, anidoſ poſt terga relinquunt . Haud ſecuſ effuſiſ Nererper carula ventiſ, Cum ſe Threicinſ Boreaſ ſuper extulit antro,C>e Horum tarda venit longi fiducia cur ſuſ : Hiſ etiamd emerito vigor eſtinneniliſ in euo. Nam quacungne ſniſ virtuſ bene floruit anriſ. ANon privſ eft animo quam corpore paſſaruina. And peraduenture Acmeſſanuſ vnderſtood certaine horſſeſ of Lybia, by the name of the Mazacion horſſeſ, when aſ he ioynſ them with the Mrazaſiaz horſſeſ, and cal them painted Mauzacion horſſeſ, which agreeth not with Cappadecian, writing alſo,that they are ruled with a ſtroke of aire inſteed of a bridle, whichthing we haue reade in Authorſ writing of the Mf/jlian horſſeſ in the countrie of Lybia, and whereof we willſpeak when we diſcourſe of the Lybian horſſeſ.But the Caoppadecian horſſeſ are fwift and luſty in their old age, aſ it iſ related by Oppiannſ.Againe if Mazacian horſſeſ be the ſame that the Cappadocian are, what iſ the reaſon why Oppiaauſ doth name themapt,vnleſſe peraduenture enerie Mazac/— an horſſe iſ a Cappadecian, and not otherwiſe. The horſleſ of Chalambria,are ſo named ofa place in Lybia, the Cheoniaſ horſleſ are the ſame with the Aprirolaſ horſſeſ. The Colophſ— : nianſ and Magnetianſ do beſtow great labour in breeding of horſſeſ ,for the Colephonianſ dwell in aplaine, aſ Lhaue read in a certaine Greeke author. S#rabe lib.14.writeth that the © Colophonianſ in timeſ paſtdid abound with fea—forceſ, and haue much excelled in horſſe— mien, that whereſocuer in anie nation there waſ waged warre, they hired and required the aide of the Colophoxianhorſſe—men , and ſo it waſ made a common prouerbe : Colophonem addidit Eraſimaſ.The horſſeſ of Creet are commended by Oppianuſand elſe—where, From their loineſ vpward they are aſ bigge aſ the Cyreniaw horſſeſ, with well ſetthigheſ, excel— lent for the ſoundneſ of their feet,and holding their breath a long time in riding ,and ther— fore fit for ſingle raceſ or inchariotſ. The Epean horſſeſ, are remembred of Oppianwſ, and the Epeanſ are a people of Achaia, and the Acha/a» horſſeſ arecommended oftheſame . The Lipidazean kinde of horſſeſ iſ more excellent; and he preferreth the T9He//a/iap horſſeſ before thoſe of Epidaurea, but the Epicotian horſeſ are biting and ſtubborne: Abſy7z@ ſaith, that the Epicorian horſeſ, & the Samerican and Dalmatran, although theyare ſtubborne and wil not tabide the bridle, and beſideſ are baſeand contemptible, yet they are bold in war and combatſ, and there— fore the Epicormmborſeſ and the Siciliaſ deſpiſe not it their qualitieſ and comely partſbe aparantia them; although ſometime he hath run awaie from the enemie,aſ the poetſiith; Quamniſ ſape fugaille verſoegerit boſteſ, ? Et patriaEpirum reſerat. Epereſ 30 40 Of the Horſſe. 287 Epiria andchaonia,iſalſo apartof" Epiruſ Alpeſtrian, although ſometimeſ it be'taken for the whole country of Ep/r@ſ. The horſleſ of Chaopiaare commended, aſ Grazinſ remem— breth, writing of the Sig7lian horſleſ, in theſe verſeſto thiſ effect, that no man hath pre— ſumed to ſtrine with the Chaozian»ſ, and the Acha#a7 hand doth not expreſſe their deſertſ : Queiſ Chaoniacontendere coatra, | Auſit, vixmerita quaſ ſignat Achata palma. . Thereare a people of Arabia called Erembi, which ſome ſome call Irbhrhyophaganſ, and Oppiauuſ Trogloditanſ. Vegetiuſ inthe thirde place commendeth the Friſian Horſſeſ for ſwiftneſle and long continuance of courſe, after the Humpian, Burguzdianſ.The French horſſeiſ the 1 0 ſame thatthe Mepipianſ,and S. Hrerow writeth, that wordly men are delighted with the French geldingſ, but Zachazieſ Afſe looſed from hiſ bandeſ,reioyceth good men. z4— ciuſ Apuleiuſ hath commegded the French beaſtſ,for if the young fole be deriued of a ge— nereouſkind, it iſ an argument it wil prouce a noble beatt. 'The Gelantianhorſieſ atea kind of baſe horſieſ not fit for warre, whether thiſ name proceedota ſtrange contrey,I haveno certaine knowledge thereof. There iſ a certaine river in Sicili@called Ge/zſ, of which country the horſſeſ are of great valueand much ſet by : "And alſo the :Ge/onſ are a people of Scythia, who in their flight fight vpp— onhorſieſ, of which Zrcanmſ writeth to thiſ efeXt. Maſſageteſ quo fagtt equo, forteſque 5» Geloni.AndVirgill, Biſalte quo more ſolent, acerque 5 Gelonuſ.Cum fugit in Rhodopen, aut in a 0 deſerta Getarum.Et lac coneretum cum {ainguine potdt equino, ſignifying thuſ mach that the — Maſſageteſ and valianut Gelonſ fiie away vpon horſleſ like the B//a/zamſ, when they fly e into 2hodope, ot into the wilderneſſe of the Gelawſ, and drinke milke mixed with horſſe— blood for hunger and famine. Buttheſe fearefullhorſſeſ atrenot meet for war. Germania hath greater horſſeſ and hard trotter'ſ, whoſe pace iſ very hard andtroubleſome. The Ge— tican horſſeſ runne moſt ſwiftly. The horſſeſ of the Greekſ haue goodſound broadfeet, nd of a great body , a comely fine head,their forepart ſomewhathigh of ſtature,ſtraight eL/rm and well compated, and of a wel faſhioned body , but the ioyning of their buttockeſnot ſoagreeableand anſwerable to the reſt: they are moſt ſwift and couragiouſ, yet fotwith= ſtanding in all Greece the Theſſalian horſſeſ are moſt eſteemed, Memweſſazuſ writeth alſo. 4 20 ofthe Greckiſhhorſſeſ . Greecethercforeyeeldeth choice horſſeſ, and wellhoofed. Yorun In Heluetiathe horſſeſ are fitted and very expertiin war , and eſpecially the Algeciaſ horſ— ſeſ, which will laſt and continue a long time. \; In Spainealſo the horſſeſ are of a great ſtature of body, well proportioned andſtrait, hauinga finehead, the ioyntſ of their bodieſ very well deuided, ſet a part, and ready or flexible,;ſimple andſhort burtockeſ, but not very ſtrongand comely. They are ſtronge andable to ſuſtaine thevndergoing or compaſling of iourneyeſ, neither are they ſlender bodied or ſuble& to leanneſſe, but they are nothing nimble for courſe, aſ ſhall appeare by the wordſ of the Authorſ following, neither are they ſpurred when they are ridden: from their growing euen to their middleage, they are pliant and eaſie to be handled, a terward they waxe wilde and biting . The Cappadocian horfſeiſ renowned, the like, or the next triumph or viGory haue the Spaniſh horſſeſ in running the ring. Neither doeth Sinilia yeeld horſſeſ inferior for the ring then thoſe : and Affrica iſ accuſtomed tobring _ ſoorththe mpſt ſwiſt Horſſeſ by copulation with the Spaniſh bloodeto the vſe of the faddle. y Oppiannuſ ſaich that theit 7Þe74@ horſſeſ are more excellent,and do ſo muchſurre—paſſe otherhorſieſ in ſwiftneſſe, how much the Eagle or the winding Hawke in the ayre, & the Dolphin in the ſea excelleth other birdſ and fitheſ, but they are ſmal andOflittie ſtreogth and nocorage (although Abſ/yr#ſ affirmeth) if you read him wellthat they are of a great ſtature of bodie, they being rid but a little way dolooſe their ſwiftneſof pace, they are go ofacomely body, but their hooucſ are no# hollctow orhard. (Camevariuſ, The Spaniſh horſſeſ are deſired of great Princeſ and Peerſ : & the Magwareſ becauſe tþcir opinion iſ that they are ſwift and nimble, and out of Spaine they are reſpected for lightneſ and cleg incy. The indgement of the auncientſ forthe general breed of horſſeſ waſ thiſ, that the greate'ſt horſſeſ are bred from the third climar, to theendofthe ſixt and moſtofal in Spaine, yet we haue ſeene ſtronger and bigger horſſeſ bred in the ſi:]ucnth climat, Ruelimſ 40 28 8 Alberiuſ Strabo Uegetiuſ Actiunuſ Oppianuſ, I he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. climat, and thoſe more able to indurelabor then thoſe thatare vnder the thirde or fourth climat. , The Horſſeſ of the Celtiberanſ ſomewhat a duſty colour ; and they chaung if they bee tranſportedinto thefarther Spaine, and the parzhian Horſſeſ are like them in regard they excel in nimblene ſand dexterity ofr unning, wherof Marzzial writech thuſ, Videbſſ altam [i— ciane Bilbilim equiſ &r armiſ nobilem: which Bilbiliſ iſ a Citty of celiberia, Of the Callacianſ and Gennetſ we will ſpeake alſo in the Spaniſh Horſſeſ that ate bred in the Calpm» Moun— taine afterward, when wee entreat ofthe differenceſ of Horſſeſ according to their de— ree. E The Awaneſ bring vp their Horſſeſ hardly, able to indure coldand hunger, and they } haue greatand crooked headſ, ſtaring cieſ, ſtraight Noſtrilſ, broad chappeſ, and ſtrong andrough Neckeſ, and long maneſ downeto their Leggeſ ; great ribbeſ,ſtraight backſ, buſhy taileſ , ſtrong ſhankeſ or Leggeſ,ſmall feete, fulland wide hoofeſ, their flankeſ hollow, and all their whole body fullofholeſ. There iſ no fatneſſe in their hanch or but— tockſ, they haue no ſtringſ in their ſinneweſ orarterieſ, and they exceede inlength more then in highth,; hauing great bellieſ hangingdowne, big—boned and leanneſſe (which iſ a deformityein other Horſſeſ) in theſe it ſhewed their. ſtatelineſſe : their courage iſ mo— derate and wary, and theſe are able to indure w oundeſ. Theſe Aupzuian Horſſleſ elſe where he calleththem Arazicar Horſſeſ,and the ſame in timeſ paſt Zpppeſ : but they are called a daieſ Vagarian Horſſeſ. 25 The companieſ or armieſ of Hwzpeſ, wandering vp and downewithmoſtſwifthorſeſ filled al thingſ with flaughter and terror. They are biting &kicking horſſeſ,aſ moſt ppappo nickſ are (for they call Paxonia at thiſ day Auzgazia) of which there iſ a prouerbe of Malig— nity ſprung vp, Now vi/Zirritatiant opintone offenſa& metun ferociunſ : that iſ to ſay. They wax not ſtern or rage not,;but either by opinion or fear of offenſe affirming—that the Pannoni— anſ are very fit for War. There iſ not any that can hold and conſtrain or draw the bridleſ in, orlooſe them forth, that rydeth an Indian Porſſe when hee praunſeth and runnreth violently ; but ſuch a one thathath beenetrained vppe from hiſ childhood in the Skill of Horſſeſ ; theſemen hane accuſtomed to hold them with'the bridle, and alſoto break their wilfulneſſe by ſnaffieſ or bitſ, and thoſe that are well ſkilled in handling Horſſeſ do, com— 30 pell themifrom their varulinee , aſ reſtrainethem withina ſmall cyrcuit. Yet notwith— ſtanding to make thiſ circle and finiſh it, it requireth the help of handſ,and it iſ a great Skil beloriging to horſemen. They whicharemoſt I Fingit equoſ Piſiſ Numide &c. Andax & patienſ operum genuſ ille vigebit Centum alt uſ ſpatifſ atque eludTabitur iram Necmagnui cultuſ ſteriliſ quodcungnue remiſit Terra ſui tenneſque ſitiſ producere rini. Although the placebe not perfed&, yet that iſ ſpoken concerning the Num/dia» and Ly— bian horſſeſ, iſ manifeſt aſ well by the wordeſ of Oppianuſ before recited, aſ alſo by that which Ac/azuſ ſetteth downe : for (ſaith he) I hanue heard theſe thingeſ touching the Ly— 30 bian horſſeſ of the men of that nation, that of allother horſſeſ they are the ſwiſteſt, and that they haue no ſence of their laborſ,bcing lanke by reaſon of their ſlenderneſ and thin... neſſe of their ſhape, and are wholy ofthemſelueſ fit to endure their maiſterſ negligence, for their maiſterſ gine them no meat or fodder, neyther doeth any man rubbe or dreſſe them withthe curry—combe after they haue labored or traueld : neither do they lay anie litter or ſtraw for them tolie on, nor pare their hooueſ, butſo ſoone aſ they have ended their iourney, leaping off their backeſ , they turne them to ſeeke their foode : and in like manner the men of Lybia worne with lceaneſſe,and al beſmeard with filth,do ride on hor— ſeſ ofthiſſore. , 5 The horſſeſ and Oxen of Afftica, which dwell between Ge#w/ia and vſ, are aſ ourſ, that o iſ, bauing longer lipſ (the interpreter tranſlateſ ithooueſ.y Their kingeſ take delight in troopeſ of horſſeſ, ſo that there are numbredto him cuery yeare onehundred thouſand Colteſ. The Chalambrian Libianſ are before ſpoken of, and the Au/aujionſ we will ſpeake of here after. Barbarie breedeth very fewe Horſeſ, but the Arab/amſ which inhabite in' the deſart, and thepeople of Zibija doe breed very many , and they do not ſo muchaccuſtome them to iourneyeſ|and warkare, aſ to Hunting, and feeding them with Camelſ milke only twiſe a day and night, whereby they keepe them fine, but very leane, and in the time of gralſe, they turne them out to feede inthefielde, but they ride noton them. TheHorſſeſ of Myſſilza are equallwith the Libianſ.The people of Magaetia haue been 52© renowned in feeding and bringing vp Horſeſ, and they are very Skillfull. in combate on Horſe—backe (aſ Zucammſ ſaith.) The Magnetianſ are tamouſ for Horſſeſ, and the nation of Ncaia for Oareſ : Magnetia iſ a contrey of Macedenia, bordering vppon , Theſſalie, ſo the Citty and countrey of Aſalyeth toward Meandrm. Opianuſ commendeth the Maganetian Horſſeſ. The Mooreſ fight often on Horſe—backe with ſpeareſ, buttheir Horſeſ are naked and their bridleſ made of ruſheſ. i & * E Cc The 290 Strabo, MLeo Affricun Abſjriuſ Ackanuſ The Hiſtory of Foure—Jooted Beaſiſ. The Meſſylianſ following the Lybianſ (for the moſt party are furniſhed after that maner, and they reſemble otherſ, hauing little horſſeſ, both ſwiſt, obedient, and eaſily to be ru.— led with a rod. The collarſ of their horſeſ are made of woorl or haire, whereby the bridleſ hange. The principall horſſeſ of Barbarie are not ſwiſt, but in reſpe& they line on fodder they are more handſome and better in fleſh, which they vſe in eminent daunger when it ſtan— deththem vpon to eſcape the rage of their enemieſ.Thuſ far L hane related the wordſ of Oppilingſ, touchit@g the noriſhing of horſſeſ, among the Lybianſ, where he ſheweth that hey Sreall alike, both in ſhape and other proportion. Touching the Newe//ar horſſeſ,they are all one with the AMavzapſ and Marw/azſ(aſ Strabo witneſſeth) calling them nimble and ro ſwift kindſ among t the Mooreſ. The Sicilianſ are ſwifter then the Mooreſ, and the Mooreſare of a more valiaunt cou. rage then the Sicilianſ, or ſome ſuch like other thing, who are furniſhed with yellow co— lourſ, and ſhew to the eye moſtſhining and ſplendant, and which iſ more they only de— ſire the roaring of a Lyon, for which when they come to other wilde beaſtſ by way of hunting, he commendeth them to be excellent : then he ſayth that the yellow iſ the beſt colour. In the country of Mayritaziaare great ſtore of Lyonſ, and of the Nycucenaſ wee hauc ſpoke of before ſufficiently. The Median horſſeſ are of exceeding greatneſſe; and the men of that countrey are ſo bewitched with the rich attire and ſhape of their bodieſ, and alſo their horſſeſ being ſo looſe withſuperfluity or rankeneſ,that the horſeſ take de— lightin their maiſterſ, both in greatneſ and in faireneſ of body, and ſuch coltly furniture vpon their backeſ, that they ſeeme to perceine their owne ſtature and comelineſ. The Medeſ euery year by way of cuſtome, pay 3. thouſand horſeſ. Herodormſ alſo calleththe Niſean horſeſ the Medeſ, wherof more ſhalbe ſpoke afterwardſ. The Mexap/iayſ amongſt our countrimen the onely men, which I ſuppoſe were once cald French of Ceſ/ar and the Rugianſ,(aſ warriourſ for the moſt part are in eſtimation. I alſofind that the Regian: in— habited that country which iſ now called Rugerland, and that Pag/uſ Diacon®ſ remem— breth them lib. 1. : Touching the affaireſ of Loxgobarduſ, thereare that ſay they departed into Mechelbur— 30 gialTheſe arethe right off—ſpring ofthe Germaineſ (ſaith Alzhamer»ſ) they are counted aſ Germaineſ, both in language and vertue. G7ar/wſ writeth of the Marſibianſ, ſaying the Mareibianſ ſcarce yeld their tough necke to the ſword./izgill alſo declareth AMycenta to be a countrie of moſte notable horſeſ : and Grazi@ſ commendeth a horſe fit for huntingſ highly in theſe verſeſ : . Conſule Penei qualiſ prefunditur ammne Theſſaluſ ant patrie quem conſþexere mycang Glancum nempe ingenſ nempe ardua fundit in aur aſ Orura quiſ Eleaſ potior Inſtrault arenaſ? Ne tamen hoc attingat opuſ iattantior illi Virtuſ quam ſilmaſ duramgue laceſſere martem. The Myliaſ horſſeſ were once great in eſtimation (aſ C/merayivſ writeth ſ Alſo the Meſa— . #onianſ are a people of Lybia, liuing aſ ſpoilerſ of the ſhipſ of 577ze4. Ofalltheſe horſeſ beforſaid, the Mr///eaſ horſe iſ the goodlieſt, and fitteſt to cary the body of a King, they are of a paſſing good ſhape, an eaſic pace, and veric ſubmiſſiue to the bridle 5 hauing alit— tle head, and a long and thicke mane, with yellow or browne haireſ hanging downeon bothſideſ : Armenia iſ verie fit for feeding horſeſ,wherin iſ a certain meddow called H#— poboanſ by which they maketheirjiourney which paſſe from Perſia and Babylon into the gct]þim border,in which place they feede fiue hundred Mareſ which belong vnto theit ing. The Miſ@an horſeſ (writtenwith 2or7a and ſimple Sigma,aſ Enſkathinſ writeth) are the moſtexcellent and beſt; ſome ſay that they haue their generation from Germanie,otherſ out of Armenia, but they have a certainekind of ſhape like the Parthianſ. In India moſt of their lining creatureſ are far greater then in other placeſ (except horſeſ) forthe Miſzean horſeſ, do exceede the Indian horſſeſ, aſ Herodormſ writeth) in hiſ ſea— nenth 20 40 50 Of the Hor/ſe, uenth booke, deſcribing the Perſian horſſe.Behind the ſpeareſ (ſaith hey cameten Hor— ſeſ in moſtſumptuouſ furniture, which were Niſeanſ,ſo called, becauſe there iſ a great field named Ni/z in the countrey Of Medica, which yeeldeth horſleſof a great ſtature. Aftertheſefollowed Zwp/ferſ chariot drawnewith eight horeſ,; aftrer which Xerxeſ waſ caried in a charior drawne by A//ea7 horſſeſ, and by how much the greater theLybian Elephant iſ then the AZ/e## horſſe, ſo much greater are the Niſzan horſſeſ then the In— dian(aſ the ſame man ſaieth) inhiſfirſt booke : butthe king waſ about to offer a white hotſe;that iſ of the AZ/@7 horſeſ, hauing a better marke aſ ſome expounded. Thereare thatſay that N//@wſ iſ a plane of Per//ſ, where the moſtfamouſ aud notable to borſſeſare bred.Someinterpret it to the yellow Niſzan horſſe, becauſeallthe horſſeſ of Niſcean are of thiſ colour.Betweene'Su//max and Bac?riaythere iſ a place which'the Greekſ call (Miſoſ) in whichthe moſtſingular fine horſſeſ are bred . There are alſo that ſuppoſe they are had from the redſea, andal thoſe to be of a yellow colour. Zerodormſ writin ge of Nitzuſ makethita parr of Media. O/phewſ alſo writeth that there iſ a place in the red Sea called ANiſ@, Stephanuſ allomaketh mention of (My/ean Pedion)with theMedeſ, of which people the horſſeſ are ſo called. Celieſ Rhodiginuſ reproved a certaine man whichtran— ſlanted the Ilandiſh horſſeſ for the Niſzan horſſeſ. Plurarchſ ſaith that PF>h#ſ had an apparition of a Niſzan horſſe armed and furniſned with a rider,that Alexander the great waſ captaine thereof. f 30 © TheMedeſhaue Coltſ of a moſtnoblekind of horſſeſ, which (aſ auncient writerſ do reachvſ, and aſ we our ſelueſ haueſeene) men when they begitine the battell with a fierce encounter are wont to prance valiantly, whichare called Niſzan horſeſ. Touching the Paph/agonianſ about the education of their horſſeſ ſee more among the Venetianſ: The Parthian horſeſ are of a large body, couragiouſ, of a gentle kinde and moſtſound oftheir feet.Concerning thoſe horſſeſ which haue butonecye, commended among the Parthianſ, and of thoſe which are diſtinguiſhed by dinerſitie of colorſ, from thoſe that come forth firſt, I haue ſpokealready out of Abſjriuſ. The Armenian and Par— thian horſſeſ are of a ſwiſter pace then the Siculianſ,and the Z5@% ſwifter then the Parchi— anſ, whereof Grativſ writeth to thiſ effec : f* Scilicit & parthiſ inter ſnamolliarura Muſit henor veniat Candini [ax a Taburni Gargarmndue trucem , aut ligurinaſ de ſuper Alpeſ Atite opuſ excuſſiſ cadet vanguibme; & tamen illi Eſfanizwſ, fungetque meaſ ſe niſſuſ in arteſ Sedinxtavitium poſuit Deuſ, That iſ to ſay among the Par#hianſ there hath remained honor for their ſoft Cotintrieſ $e butlet him come to the Rockeſ of Candmanſ, Tabernuſ and too rough Gargapmſ,or vppon the Zigurian Alpcſ, then he will quickly ſhake off hiſ hooueſ :and make a ſhew of great valiantneſ. The horſeſ of the Ce/fibayianzſ are ſoruwhat white, and if they may be brought into Spaine they change their colour.But the Pay#hiaz; are alike, for they excellallotherſ in nimbleneſ and dexterity ofrunning : How the P47#hian; do make their pace eaſic in the trotterſ and hard footing horſſeſ, after the manner of geldingſ, ſhall bee declared after— wardſ, for perſia preferreth theſe horſſeſ aboue the cenſure of their patrimonieſ, aſwell to cary, (hauing ancafic pace) and being ofmoſt excellent dignity : Aſ for their pace it iſ thicke and ſhort, and he doth delight and lift vp the rider being not inftruGed by art, but effeGeth it by nature. Amongſt theſeambling naggeſ, (called of the Latineſ among the commonſort Toro— o #474) their pace iſ indifferent, and whereaſ they are not alike, they are ſuppoſed to haue ſomething common from both 3 aſ it hath bin prooued :whereofPegetinſ writeth in thiſ manner. Inaſhort iourny they havue the more comelineſ and grace in going,but whentbey trauc far they are impaticnt,ſiuborn, and vnleſ they be tamed wil be ſtuborn againſt the rider 5 andthatwhichiſa more greater maruell, when they are chafed, they are of a delighrtfull | : EE 3 gome— 201 25% ((wliuſ Acliaanſ. Wegerinſ P[DZ). Hebrodon The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. comelineſ, their necke turneth in manner of a bow, that it ſeemethto lic on their breſt. The phar/alian mareſ euermore bringfoaleſ very like their S7re, :mfi therfore very:wellſo named, Eque probe, we read of the Phaſiaſ horſſeſ which receiue their name {freni the the marke or braud of a birdſo mamed)or elſe becanle of their excellent beauty and com— lineſſe. | i t The Ruſean horſſeſ Farre ſo nameth of Roſe:, which Volatreranu;writeth to be moſthit for war : and thiſ Ro/ea otherwiſe Roſcea, Feſtuſ ſaith, that itiſ a country in the the coaſtſ ofthe Rearien:,ſo called,becauſe the fieldſ are ſaidto be moiſt with that dew, Thehorſſeſ ofSaceif they happen to throw dowatheir rider, they ſorthwi_ch ſtand ſtil thatthey may gervp avaine Vegetim hauing commended the zer/ay horſſeſ ſaith, that the! Armenianſ and upharenſ dofollownext. Thiſ Saphirine verily iſ an Iland in the Arabian' coaſt, and the people of Sapirialie beſide 7oprm. The horieſ of Epirota, Salmarieaſ, and Dalmatia, al thogh they wilnotabideto bebridled, yerthey ſnew that they are warlicke by their legſ. The Sa dinian horſſeſ are nimble and fair, butleſſer then otherſ. The Sarreatican kinde ofhorſſeſ iſ feat and wel faſhioned in thiſ kind, very fit for running, vnmixt,hauing awel ſetbody, a ſtrong head, and a comely necke. Some horſſeſ they cal —Lfagezeſ; from a certaine marke which they haue in their ſhoulderſand colour, which the Sarmatianſ doe take vnto themſelueſ aſ very good, with whichthey doe contend about their cruelty, wherefore they imploy them in warlicke outrodeſ, but thoſe that beare the Eagleſ marke in their butrockeſ and raile, they are diſallowed of them, and they reportthat they marke them ſo becauſe they wilnot vſethem,by reaſon leaſt the riderſhold quickly be deſtroyſ ed or run into ſome trouble. | The Sarmatianſ when they entend any long iourneyeſ, the day before they keepe them faſting, giving them a little drinke, and ſo they wil ride thera a hundered and fifty mileſ continually going. Theſe horſſeſ are very fit for war, and many of themare founde gelded in ther tender age, and they ſay theynener looſetheirteeth . It iſ a cuſtomcof Scythia and Sarmatiato geld their horſſeſ to makethem more gentle: they areſwifr, lice, andfierce; but very ſtubborneand vatamed, neither doeth Cirey, (ſcituate neare Sicilia) breedhorſſeſ inferiorto the Spaniſh, aſ /egeri@eſ writeth. The Epiroram and Sicalian hor— ſeſ are not to be deſpiſed, if they were well bred and educated,chey want not comelineſſe and gnod qualitieſ. 7 P i The Siculian horſſeſ are moſt ſwift, Lit/ybeamſ iſ a promontory of Sicilialying towardſ Lybia, which a certaine verſe maketh more plain < but aſ I vnderſt and it iſ the three—clift— topt—mountaine Ag#z4, which caſterbforth fire, and coucreth the carcaſſe of Exgeladu the Gianut, lyeng there vnder, (whereof Oppianwſ writeth) and ſome otherſ alſo . But (ſaich hey the Armezianſ and Parthianſ haue ſwifter courſerſ by farre, then the Siculianſ. Now, letvſ heare Grativſ himſelfe, diſcourſing of the Siew/iaſ horſſeſ, aſ wel aſ of the Lybycan. Sic & ſtrymonio faciliſ tutela Biſalra, Poſſent Actneaſ vtinam ſeferre per arteſ Quiluduſ Siculiſ : quid tum {i turpia colla Aut temuiſ dor ſo curuatur ſþima ? per illoſ Gantaluſ Grayſ Agragaſ, vidt eque fragoſum Ne broden liquere fer e.0 quantuſ in armiſ Iile meiſ ,cuinſ docileſ poouaria f et uſ Suſff cient queiſ Chaoniaſ contendere contra Auſit vix merita ſignat Achaiapalma. But aſ for Gratiiſ I ſuſpec the place to be vaperfed 5 for Agragaſ iſ a mountaine of gici— liſ, hauing a towne ſcituate in the top of it bearing the ſame name, wheretheir aunceſtorſ 49 werewont co noutiſh and bring vp the beſthorſſeſ. There iſ allo in S/e/lia a mouttain cal— o 5 $ led AMebrodeſ, which ſome thinke to be ſo called by reaſon of the plentie of dear, but they haue no author for it, and aſ for the printed booke of Grazivſ, I finde it expreſſeth it not ſo welaſ Virgill ſetteth it downe, ſaieng, that Agragaſ waſ a breeder of moſtcouragiouſ and notable horſſeſ: but yet S—/@/ſ ſaith ,(according to Predare3)thatthe Agrigentineſ in timeſ paſtſent their horſſeſ to the iuſting or combateſ of Grm'a,rctumingſſwithvi%oric ; rom o — Of the Horſſe. 293 from thence, and we have alſo read that in Cappadveia whole troopeſ of horſſeſhaue bin deſtroyed.The men of Delphoſ by the anſwere of Apollo got herdſ and great ſtore o hor— ſeſ from Agrigentine, and thoſe were excellent. Ariftephaneſ calleth thoſe great dctnean horſſeſ (Carzrhiari) either of the greatneſle ofthe mountaine, or elſegreat Cartharſ are bred in it, or of the horſleſ of Aciva,bcing notable for ſwiftneſſe and running., The hor. feſ that are bred in Creez and Cappadocza are alſo moſt excellent. In Greece thereare moſt notable horſſeſ of The/ſalie,which Ab/ſyrewſ ſaith be the beſtin all Greece. The wordſ of Gratizſ the Poet ſpeaking ofthe Theſ/aliap horſſeſ are beforere— cited. The mareſ of Admetuſ were the moſt excellent, but aſ Homer reporteththe Theſ/a— 1 o Hian were before them. The Solitude or wilderneſ of Arcamaznſ iſ aſcommodiouſ to feed horſſeſ, aſ Theſſalia.It iſ certaine that Theſ/alia excelſ with horſſeſ, from whence Xeyxeſ. iſ ſaid to haue made a combat, that he might try hiſ horſſeſ there where he vnderſtoode the beſtbreed of Greekiſh horſſeſ to be, and from whence thiſ prouerbe aroſe, Decerne— tur equa Theſſalia ( :Viz : )let the Theſſalian Mare be tried by battaile, a prouctbe of ex— cellent worth, becauſe in old time the chiefeſt praiſe waſ of the The//aliam Mareſ : which iſ very apparant by the Oraclethat waſ delinered to the Acginenſtanſ.Suidaſ relateth (but Tknow not out of what authory that 7He//i//a hath excelent horſmen; Thraſfiacxpert ſhoo— terſ, and 2adia light armor : ſo hath likewiſe Czeez and Caria. Eraſmuſ writeth that Theſſalza iſ moſt fit to feed horſſeſ, who do far excel the Arca/d/— a e d4#ſ and Epidaureſ aſ Strabowitneſſeth lib. 8. C2/ar waſ ſaid (when he waſ dictato ryto haue madethefirſtſhewamong the Romaineſ of the Horſſeſ, fighting again ſt bulſ, and killing them, whereof Lwcianemſ writeth thuſ : , Textorſ Theſſaliuſ ſompeſ belliſ feralibuſ omen. That iſ to ſay : the TheMalian horſle iſ profitable for fence and deadly conflitſ. There iſ alſo in Theſſalia a citty (named Pe//ſ) from whence I deeme the Pel/ean horſſeſ are ſo cal— led of Grarieſ, yet there be other placeſ called Pe/lalaſ Mucedonia and Achaia) wherof Gra— Finſ writeth thuſ : Strabſ Spadiceſ viſ pellei valuere Ceraunt 3o Et tibi denoſe magnum peeuaria CJrre phabe decuſ noſtraſ agere in {acraria touſzſ. Which (Cerani) dre mountſ of Epiruſ,and Cyrrha iſ a Towne of Phociſ ſcituateatthe foot ofthehil Paymaſfw, where Appollo Cyrrhanſ waſ worſhipped.The Tyrrheanſ being excel— lectwarriorſ are comimended of Oppianuſ out of the Iſlandſ of the Tyyrhemean ſeaſeſpeci— ally Corſ/ea and Sardinia) there be very ſhort horſſeſ, but they are of good courage and gentle withall. i The Thracienborſſeſ arefoule and il—ſhapen, being rough al oner their bodyeſ.and: Uolatreran: hauing very great ſhoulderſ, which in the Greeke iſ named (Calomjſten) {uch a one aſ wil caſt downe the rider on the ground from off hiſ backe, they arecrook—backt, or bunched out; or elſ of diverſ kindſ ; and therefore they hanean vnſure and reeling pace, andtheit courſe iſ yery vnconſtant. Abſyrewſ ſaith, the Thraciap horſleſ are the beft. The T buringe= an horſſeſ areneighborſ to Heſſſ, which Pliny and Volatteranuſ ſuppoſed, are called (d diterranean Cimbri.y > 1 There beſome thatſuppoſe the Venetianſ to diſcend from a people of Paphlagonida, Ccalled Veerawſ) whichafter the deſtruGion of Troy came to theſe placeſ, and by theſe they make an argument, coniecCturingit to be good, in regard they are wholy imployed about breediug horſſeſ , which at thiſ time faileth altogether, but in former daicſ they.. were very carefulto follow their buſineſſe about the training vp of young muleſ, whereof go Homer writeth. And Dyoniſi@ſ the Tirant of Sicilia ordained, that the breede othorſeſ.;. ſhould be fetcht from hence, to make warlike combatſ withthem, that amongtheſGrz— cianſ the excellencic of the Venetianbreede ſhould remaine, and that a great while aftecr: thatbreed ofhorſſeſ got the praiſe. Vaallachuſ thiſ daic iſ called of the Suxomeſ, a gelided horſe ,& brought out of that countric which ſometimeſ waſ called Dacia.The Tycoſpudeſ, and Zycephotionſ ſhal be ſpoken of hecrafter. id ad vood odiivil — C o3 Of 294 The mem— barſ of an eli gible horſſe. T he Hiſtorie of ſſFoureſifooted Beaſtſ. Of the choice of good Horſſeſ, | Aiadiuſ adviſeth to obſerue foure thingſ in choyſe of a Stallion horſle, the forme or outward proportion; the colour, the mer rit,and the beau. ty ,all which are neceſſary to be obſerned in the choiſe of Colteſor el— der Hotſſeſ, thatthey may be of a generouſ race, hauing ſoftliegſ lofty paceſ gentlietreading, ſuchaſ willlead the way ,and be not affraid of a— 10 ny water, bridge, nor ſuddain noiſeſ ; hauing a gentle ncckc,. aſharpe hc?ad , aſhortbel— ly, a fatbacke, a dapplc colout, nimble eareſ, thicke mane lying on theright ſ dzſiz, a dtſilb- ble bone diſcending by hiſ loinſ , a ſounding hoofe, and legſ that cannot ſtand ſtil, which Firgillexpreſſeth in theſe wordſ : < Nec non G& pecori eſt idem deletiuſ equino Tu mode quoſ in ſþem ſtatuiſ, ſummittere Gentiſ Precipuum ram inde a teneriſ impende laborem Continmue pecoriſ, genereſi pulluſ in Ariiſ Altinſ ingreditur , & mollia crura reponit. Pritmomſ & ire viam, & {luuioſ tentare mimaceſ Andet,&r ignoto ſeſe committereponti: 20 4 Nec vanoſ horret crepituſ ,illaardna cernix Argutumgque caput, breniſ alunſ, obeſaque terga Luxuriatqnue toriſ animo ſumpeituſ honeſti Spadigeſ glanerque color deterrimuſ albiſ Et giluo: tam {i qua ſonunſ procul arma dedere Stare loco neſcit micat auribuſ &G tremit artuſ ColleXumgue pr amenſ veluit ſubnaribuſ ignem Denſainba & dextro iatTata recumbit in armo Ac duplex agitur perlumboſſþina canatque Tellurem & /olido grauiter / onatwngula cornn. 39 Varre ſhneweth that at the firſt foaling of a colt,a man may obſerne: by certain Signeſ how ſignſ to chuſe he will proue when he iſ in perfedion : for if hebe cheareful,bold, and not terrified at'a— a good Colt. ny ſtrangeſight, iſhe run before the company ,be wanton and contend with hiſ equaleſ in courſe, and ouer—run them : if heleape ouer a ditch,go oner a bridge, or through wa— ter, and being prouoked appeareth meeke, theſeare the moſtirue Signeſ of an elegiable olt. Alſo it iſ to be conſidered, whether they riſe quickly, being ſtird from their reſt, and runaway ſpeedily, if their bodieſ be great, long, full df muſcleſ, and ſharpe, hauing a lit— Columelle Varro Albertuſ, Ofthe choiſ of a horſevn backed or ne nerridden. tle head, blacke cieſ, open aad widenoſtrilſ, ſmarpepricked eareſ, a ſoftand broad neck, not long, a thicke mane curled, and falling on theright ſide a broad and ful breaſt,large 40 ſhoulderſ, and ſhoulder—boneſ, round ribſ , a littlebelly, a dubble backe—bone, oratthe leaſtnot thin, bunchic or extended; hiſ loineſ preſſed downewardſ , broad, and well ſet, liteleand ſinal ſtoneſ; a long taile, with curled haire, highe , ſtraighte and: equalleggeſ, round kneeſ not great, nor bending inward,round buttockeſ,brawny and flethy thigheſ, high, hard, hollow, and round hooueſ, welſet to—the crowne of their paſterne, hauing vaineſ conſpicuouſ and apparant oner al hiſ body. That colt which at the time of hiſ foa— ling hath the moſte higheſt leggeſ , iſ likelyeſt by common reaſonto proue moſt able and noble in hiſ age, for of al the ioyntſ in the body the kneeſ and leggeſ grow leaſt, and they which haue flexible ioyntſ in their infancy , wil be more nimble and flexible in their age. And thuſ much forthe partſ of a colt. Now, in the next place we muſt like wiſe take conſideration of a hoffſe vntamed , and ready for the ſaddle.For the ountward parteſ of hiſ bodieſaith xerophon; yeeld euident ſignification of hiſ minde, before he be backed. : Plate willeththat the ſtatcoſf hiſ body bee ſtraight, and articulate, hiſ head bony ,hiſ checkeſlitile, hiſ eieſ ſtanding out,and not ſunke into hiſ head,flaming like blood, looking etvelly ifthe body be blacke, but blacke eicſ if the body be white. docargue'a gentler and & i 9 þet— va © Of the Horſſe. better diſpoſition : ſhortandlitile eareſ , the crowne of hiſ head greater then the reſidue, broad Noſtrilſ, whereby he not onely looketh moreterribly but breatheth more eaſily, for when one Horſſe iſ angry with another, in them rage they are wont to ſtretch out their Noſtrilſ vebemently. ! The beake or ſnout of a Horſſe , ought not to ſtand out like a ſwyneſ, but to bend downe alittle crooked, the head to beſo 10yned to the necke ,'aſ it may bend more coin— modiouſly, that iſ , if the necke be ſmall next to thehead, ſo willthe necke ſtand before the rider, and hiſ eieſ appeare before hiſ feete : andalthough he bee full of ſtomacke, yet will he neuer be violent or ſtiffenecked. It ought alſo to be conſidered, whether hiſ cheek— a 0 boneſbeſharpe, tender, or vnequall, ſtanding one aboue another, for their imparity ma— keth the Horſſleſ necke to be hard, and ſtubborne. ſi The backe—boneabouc hiſ ſhoulderſ higher commodiouſ to ſet the ſaddle vpon, & hiſ whole body the better compacted, if the backe bone be duble, and ſmooth ; for then ſhall the rider ſit more eaſily, and the forme of the Horſſe appeare more deleSable. A large breſtſheweth hiſ comlineſſe and ſtrength, making him fit to take longer reacheſ without doubling of hiſ Leggeſ , becauſe in a broad breaſt the Legſ ſtand further aſunder : large ſideor ribbeſ ſwelling out aboue the belly, for they ſhew the ability of the Horſſeboth to hiſ food and worke, a round euen belly and hiſ loineſ being broad and ſhort, cauſeth the forlegſ to belifted vp more caſily,and the hinderlegſ to follow, for the ſmal loineſ donot 20 onely deforme, but enfecble and oppreſſe the Horſſe, therefore the loineſ ought to bee duble,the ribbeſ broad and fleſhy , agreeable to the breaſt andſideſ, buttockſ ſollide and broad,withalong taile reaching downe to the heeleſ of hiſ hinder Leggeſ, Thigheſ full ofſinneweſ, the boneſ of hiſ Leggeſ thicke like the poſteſ of the whole body, but.that thickneſſe ought neither to be of vaineſ nor fleſh;, for then they are quickly inflamed and wounded, when they trauile in rough and ſharpe waieſ : for if the fieſh be cut a little, the commiſſureſ parte aſunder, and cauſeth the Horſſe to halte, and aboue all other thingeſ hauea regard to hiſ feet,and therin eſpecially to hiſ hoof, for being thick ,it iſ better then being thin ,likewiſe if they be hard, cauſeth the paſterne to ſtand higher from the ground, for ſo in their pace the ſoftand hard partſ of the foore doe equally ſuſtaine one another, o and the hard hoofe yealdeth a ſound like a Simbal,for the goodneſſe of a horſe appeareth by theſound of hiſ feete. Now on the contrary ſide it iſ good alſo to fet downe the faultſ and ſigneſ of reproba— tion in Horſſeſ, and firſt of all therefore,,a great and fleſhy head , great eareſ, narrow No— ſtrilſ, hollow eyeſ, a long necke, a mane not haity, a narrow breaſt, hollow ſhoulderſ, narrow ſideſ, and little fleſhy ſharpeloineſ, bare ribſ, hard and heauy Leggeſ, kneeſ not apt to bend, weake thighſ, not ſtrong ,crooked legſ, thin full fleſhy,;plaine and low hooſfſ , alltheſethingſ are to be anoided in the choiſe of your Horſſe, . Se Of the choiſe of Stallionſ and breeding Mctrbf. > 3|\ Ow in the next placelet vſ conſiderthe choiſe of Horſſeſ and Mareſ ap—, pointedfor breede and procreation, and we haue ſhewedalready that in a | ſtallion we areprincipally to conſider the colour , forme, merit, and beau— SQ\ cy. Thiſ Stallion iſ called in Italy Rozc0%e, in France E/Palon, in Germany 212)! Ein Springhengſt, and in Latine Admiſſarinſ quia ad generandam \obolem admittitur,bicauſe he iſ ſent to beget and en gender. The Graeci.Apabateſ or Ochenteſ.Firlk ofalltherefore to beginne withthe colour : that Horſſe iſ beſt which iſ of one continued colour, although oftentimeſ (aſ Rf@ ſaith ) Horſſeſ of a deſpicable colour proneaſ go Nobleaſ any other. \ Thecheefe colourſare theſe; bay, white, carnation, goldeng ruſſet, mouſe—colour, fleabitten, ſported, pale and blacke : of all theſe the blacke or bay iſ to be preferred. Op— Pprianuſ makethdiſtinGion of Horſſeſ by their colour in thiſ manner, the gray or blewiſh ſpotted iſ fitteſt for the hunting of the Hart , the bright bay for the Beareand Leopardſ, theblacke with f laming eieſ againſt the Lyonſ. The naturall colour ofthe wilde Horſſeſ are Ofthe color, 296 Varrinuſ Artificial mcaneſ to make Mareſ conceiue the beſt colourd Coltſ. T he forme The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. areanaſhe colour with a blacke ſtrake from the head along the backe to the taile, but a . mong tame Horſſeſ there are many good oneſ of Black, White, Browne, Red, and flea. bitten colour . But yet it iſ to beremembred that ſeldome or neuer Coulteſ be foaled white, but rather of other colour, degenerating afterward by the increaſe of their age for ſuch Horſſeſ are more linely,, durable, and healthy, then other of their kinde, and there— for plutarch commendeth a white Horſſe of S4/ſ for hiſ ſwiftneſ of foot and ſtomacke : a — mong al colourſ, firſt the blacke, then the bay, next the whicte, and laſt the gray are moſt commended. Camerariuſ commendeth a certain colour cald in Latin Paz/wſ and may b ee engliſhed da ple gray , becauſe of the dinerſ in—textureſ of colourſ, which although many nationſ doe diſalow ,yet vndoubtedly that colour (ſaith he) iſ a ſigne and argument of a good nature, conſtituted and builded vpon a temporate commixture ofhumorſ. 'thrc black, white, and yellow haireſ appeare,ſo that the ſight of one of| theſe iſ nothing inferiour to the eque— ſtriall party coloured capariſonſ: Among Horſſeſ which are divetſ coloured,they which : haue ſtarſ in their forchead ,and one white foote, were moſt commended ; ſuch were the Thraſian Horſſeſnot admitted in copulation, of which /agil/ ſpeaketh in thiſ manner ; Thraciuſ albiſ Portat equuſ buclor moculiſ veſtigia primi Alba peda,frontemgque oftentanſ arduuſ albam. Blacke Horſſeſ alſo which haue one ruſſer or ſwart ſpot in their faceſ, or elſe a black toung ſ are highly commended for generation,but the pale coloured Horſſeſare no waieſ to be admittedto couer Mareſ,becauſe their colour iſ of no acount:& likewiſe it iſ ſeldom ſeen that the Fole proucth better then the ſire. T he bay colour hath bin receined without ex— ception for the beſt trauailerſ, for it iſ ſo; poſed that 322diuſ (amongſt the Latineſ) iſ de— rined of 7adium quia inter,coctera antmaliafortinſ vadatyoccanſe among other creatureſ he goeth moſtſurelye. i Tt iſ allo behooucfull that in a Stallion Horſſe, the mane bee of the ſame colour with the Body. Horſſe—keeperſ hane deuiſed to make their Mareſ conceine ſtrange colourſ, for when the Mareſ would go to the horſethey paint a Stallion with diverſ colourſ, and ſo bring him into the ſight and preſence of the Mare 5 where they ſuffer him to ſtind agood while vntill ſhe perfeetly conceiue in her imagination the true 7deſ and ful impreſſion of thoſepi&ureſ,and then they ſuffer him to coucr her; which being performed ſhe concei— neth a Foale of thoſe colourſ : In like manner, Pigeonſ conceiue younge oneſ of dinerſ colourſ. The Germanſ to mingle the colour of horſeſ haireſ (eſpecially to bring blacke among white) take the rootſ of fearne , and of ſage, and ſeeth them together in leigh, and then waſh their horſſeſ all oncer therewith. For the making oftheir horſſeſ white, they take that fat which ariſeth from the decoction of a monle in an earthen pot, and there withalanoint the placeſ they would hane white. Alſo they ſhaue off the haireſ, and put vpon the balde place crude hony, and Badggerſ greaſe, which maketh the haireſ to arile white : and ma— ny other meaneſ are vſedby horfſe—leatcheſ, aſ afterward ſhalbe ſhewed.—In the olde age ofahorſſe hiſ hair doth naturally change white, aboue all other beaſtſ that we know, and the reaſon iſ, becauſe the brain—pan, iſ a inore thin and flender bone, then the greatneſſe ofhiſ body would require, which appeareth by thiſ, that receining 4 blow in that place, hiſ life iſ more indangered then by hurting any other member, acording to the obſerna— tion of Homer : Et qua fete herent capitiletaleque vilutſ Procipue ſit equiſ. " Andthuſ much ſhallſuſfice for the colour of a Stallion :now followeth the form or out— ward proportion of the body , which ought to be great and ſolide, hiſ ſtature aunſwerable tohiſ ſtrength, hiſ ſideſ large, hiſ buttockeſ round, hiſ breaſt broad, hiſ whole body full andrough,with knotſ of muſcleſ, liſfoot dry and ſolide, hauing a high hoofeat the heele. The partſ of hiſ beauty are theſe, a litcle & dry head,the ſkin almoſtcleauing to thebonſ, The beautye ſhort & pricked eareſ,greateieſ ,broad noſtrilſ a long andlarge maneandtraile, with a fo— ota Stallion: lid and fixed rotundity of hiſ hoofeſ,& ſuch an one, aſ thruſteth hiſ head deepe into the warer whenhe drinketh, hiſ ribſ and loineſ like an Oxeſ,aſmooth and ſtraight backſ, biſ 30 50 *hancheſ OF / | 19 20 Offthe Hurſſſ. 97 orhippeſlong, broad, and fleſhy, hiſ Leggeſ large, f leſhy and dry, the ſinneweſ and joyn&ureſ thereof great and notf leſhy nearethe hooſeſ: that the hinder part of hiſ be— dy be higher then hiſ forepart,like aſ in a Hart, and thiſ beauty betterappeareth in a leane body then in a fat, for fatneſſe couerethmany faultſ; the former partſ are thuſ expreſſed by Horace: 3 : * Regibuſ hiſ moſ eft vhiequoſ mercantur , opertaſ i Inſpiciunt neſifatieſ vt flepct decora. & Mollifulta Zedc eſt emptorem inducat hiantem : Quod pulchri tluneſ, brene quod caput arduacernix. Ifyou will make triall of your ſtallion whether he be fit for procreation,?Lipparcheſ teach— ethyouthiſ experiment : preſſe the gcnycall member with your two fingerſ) and with lockeſ of Woll draw ont hiſ ſeede which being ſo drawne out , if it cleane and hang toge— ther; ſo aſ it will not be cut nor eaſily parted, it iſ a demmenſtration of a good Stalion ,but if it haing not together like birdlime, but eaſily go aftinder like milke or whay, ſuch a Hor{e iſnot to beadmitted to coner your Mareſ. When Horſſeſ be olde among other faulteſ The age ofa they engender Foaleſlame in their feete, and t_hercſorc they are to be kept andnotto be Stallien, adimitted to copulation nor War, for hiſ rage iſ like a weake fire among wet ſthble accor— ding to theſe verſeſ : RS. wite E 5 Morbo grawiſ ant ſeqnior anniſ Deficit ,abde domo, nec turpi ignoſte ſeneita Frigiduſ in venerem ſenior fruſltaque laborem * Ingratum trabit : & {} quando ad preliiventum eſt Vt quondam in Stipuliſ magnuſ ſine viribuſ igniſ In caſſum furit. 3 'Thereforeitbechooueth that a Stalion Horſle be not vader three yeareſ old when he co— Collumelia uereth a Mare, and it iſ beſt for him to beginne at fine, for ſo he will indure in generation f not onely tillhe be twenty yeare old, but alſo to thirty or forty yeareſ, aſ in ſome coun— trieſ hath beene often proued. Theyate not to bee admitted to couer abouce fifteene in one yeare at the moſt, and a young Horſſe not aboue ten or twelue in one yeare ; the reſi— 30 due may beſuffered with obſeruation oftheir ſtrengthand nature. 40 $9 The King of 8abilon beſide hiſ Horſleſ for VWar had eight hundreth Stalionſ, which. wereadimitedto coucr ſixe thouſand Mareſ, ſo that enery one had twenty a peece,ther Peladiw, iſ allo a place in Syria neare Apamia, where in one plot of ground were nouriſhed thir — thouſand Mareſ, & three thouſand Stalionſ (aſ Celivſ ſaith) ſo that euery Stalion hadan hundreth Mareſ to couer (in that place) which number exceedeth the proportion of na— ture , It iſ alſo o be remembred that Stalionſ are to beſeperated from Mareſ al the yeare long, except at the time of procreation,and then alſo hemaſtbelargely fed according to. theſe verſeſ. \ þ "* Hiſ animaduerſiſ, inflant [nb tempuſ , & omueſ Impendunt cur aſ denſo diſtendere pingui, Quemlegere ducem,Cr pecori duxere maritum: Florenteſque ſecant herbaſ, fluuio/que miniftrant, Farragque : ne blando nequeant ſupereſſe laberi : AInnalidique patium refer ant iciunia nati, Ipſaautem macie tenuant armenta volenteſ. Atque vhi concubituſ primoſ iam nota volaptaſ Sollicitat,frondeſique negant, & fontibuſ arcent. Sape etiameurſit quatinat,c> Sole fatigant : Cum gr auiter tun/iſ gemit areafrugibuſ: c cum Surgentum ad Zephyrum palex iaCantur inaneſ. Hoe faciunt, nimio ne luxuobtuſior vſuſ Sit genitalſ aruo, & ſuleoſ oblimet inerteſ. Sed rapiat ſitienſ Venerem ,interiu/|que recondat. Abſjriuſ It iſ alſo to be obſcrued , that the maleſ which are deſigned for procreation benotouer wuch labored, for then he wil be the more weake for generation, nor yet ſuffered to bee i f to 298 T he Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. to idle,for then a certaine fleamic humour. iſ increafed in them, whichlikewiſe:diſableth them in copulation, and thuſ much for the maleſ, Almoſtal the ſame thingſ which haue bin ſaid of the male, bcIorfg to the fcm:{l;) excepr Thecheiſt the belly of the female ought to be greater,but if there beany whitſpeckleſ orſportſ inthg SM#T . cieſ of the female, ſuchaſ are not contracted by aceident, but breede in them by nature; ſuch a one iſ refuſed for breede, for a Horſſeborneofſuch a Marcez whc_n be commethto be olde, will likewiſebeaſfected withtheſame blindcſi:ſſ e :but 1_f it bcg afemale, by reaſon of her yearely purgation, ſhe may peraduentureaucidthatmiſchieſe. Itbchooucth therefore that the Mareſ appointed for race, be wel compacted, of a de. cent quality , being faireand beautifull to looke vpon, the belly and loineſ being great,in The co]pu[a- age not vader three nor abone ten yeareſ old. Concernit1g their adxp;ffion to generation, tion ofherſtſ it iſ to beremembred, that the Latineſ haue a proper tearmeto ſignifie the appetite of the and Mareſ. female to the male, which they call (Equire) that iſ, (Horſſing) and they continue in that Inſt fixty daieſ together, the ſigneſ whereofare theſe:. They forſake their company, Tun= ning not toward the Eaſtand Weſt, but thecontrary, to the North and South : neitber permit they any body to come neare them, vntill they clthcſizr bee wearied ormeecte with themale,and if they meet with a femalelike themſelueſ;they toyne neare to her, and ſeeme to reloyce at her ſociety,liſting vp the taile, changing of the voice, and ſending forth of herſecreteſ, a certaine thin humour ,ſomewhatlike the ſeede of a horſle, which iſ called Hippomaneſ. ſ They alſo make water more often then at other timeſ, ſo that among al the femaleſ of Avriſfeee. the world, there iſ none beſide a woman, thatiſ more greedy of procreation then a Mare, Albermir becauſe they want a menſtruouſ purgation and yet eat aboundance of meat, which Virgilt exprefſeth, ſetting downe their vnlimitablerage, which carrieth them oner mountaineſ and rinerſ, in the time of thiſ fury. Sciliget ante ommeſ furor eſt inſigniſ equarum » Etmentem venuſip/a dedit, qno tempere Glanei Dotniadeſ maliſ membr a abſumpſore quadrige Ilaſ ducit amor trauſ Gargara, tran{que ſonantem Aſcanium, ſuperant monteſ & fluminſ tranant., Alſo at that time, their genital hangeth forth more then at other timeſ, but if their maneſ be ſhorne off, their luſt iſ extinguiſhed. Itiſ reported alſo by Columella that in Spaine,in the Mountain 74gr0which reacheth into Parzwgul/vpon the O cean,there be Mareſ which rage ſo far in Iuſtcchat by their ardent deſire of copulation they concene bythe Seuthweſt wind, without the company of a horſſe, (cuen aſ Henſ do lay Eggeſ being not trode by a Cocke) whichare called Hpenemia,but thoſe Foaleſ line not till they be aboue three year old. And it iſ the property of theſe Mareſ (ſaith Aieen) by kicking againſt the wind with their hinder legſ, to open their owne wombe, and to receiue in that deleGable aire, wher— withallthey are ſatiſfied. Alſo heſaith, that he heard of an old man, which waſ borne in the Ie of Pealtupha;that theMareſ therofncuer ceaſe running, from thone end ofthe land to the other, when the rage of theirluſt iſ vppon them ; which thing iſ elegantly.deſcribed by a Poct, how they turne themſelueſ to the Weſt, ſtan ding vpon therockeſ, and thereidraw in the cold aire, which oftentimeſ makeththem conceinue, wondering that they conceine not rather by the eaſt ſunriſing or South,then by the weſterly wind bordering vpon the noxth,the Poctſ wordſ are theſe : Continnoque anidiſ wbi ſubdita flammamedulliſ, Vere magiſ (quia vere calor redit oftbuſ) ille Ore omameſ verſſin Zephyrum, ſtant rupibuſ altiſ Exceptamngue leneſ aur aſ : &r [ape fine vlliſ Coniugijſ vento granide (mirabile diciu) Saxa per ,& [copuloſ, & depreſſaſ conwalleſ Diffif_giuut, nen Eure tuoſ neque Solſ ad ortuſ In Boream Canrumd, aut vide Nigerrimuſ auſter Neſcitur,& plunia tontriſtat frigore calum. Some» IQ 29 39 49 sl Oſt/'oe HO}ſſZ'. 299 Sometimeſ Horſſeſ and Mareſ admit copulation at two yeare old, but thoſe Foaleſ never proteexcellent, but at three yeare old or thirty montheſ, they ſuffer coniunGion ſafely 2nd with profit, becauſe they ceaſe to looſe their teeth. They continue in their generati— on,bearing evuery ſecond yeare, the male vntillhe be thirty yeare olde, and the femaleaſ P long aſ ſhe lineth ; but themale ingendereth yearely ; Andit iſ reported of a horſe in O— puſychat couered a Mare after he waſ forty yeare old,being onely holp vp and down from theMare. B Pliny, Oppianuſ , Aclianuſ ,and Ariſtotle, doe confidently affirme, that when the King of A(Þ ſſ(}ſſ:,?,' a Seythiahadall hiſ generouſ breede of Horſſe deſtroyed by a peſtilence (exceptone of hiſ tiſ own dam 10 beſt Mareſ and a Stallion which waſ a Foale of that Mareſ, being deſirouſ to contmue the breede, cauſed hiſ horſſe—keeper to put the Sonne and Mother together, but the Horſſe refuſed copulation with hiſ owne: parentſ. Afterward the Horſſe—keeper cone.— redthe Mare with artificiall ſkinneſ, and likewiſe dreſſed the Horſſein'ſuch manner, aſ one couldnot know the other, wherupon being brought together theſecond time , the Stallion coucred hiſ owne mother : Afterward the Horſſe—kecper diſconered them, the one to the other , whereby they knew the fraude, and grew guiltye in themſelueſ of ince— ſtiouſ commixtion ; Whereupon they tooke no other reuenge vppon themſelueſ, but ranne to the top of ahighrocke, and there ſucceſſiuely threw downe themſelueſ, one af= ter another ,ſo ending their milerable daieſ,& preventing their Maiſterſ hopeſ; to teach 20 al@@ankind, that they ought not to ſeeke to thrine by ſinſ againſt nature, the like iſ before rehearſed of a male Camell. The very like ſtory iſ reported of a Horſle in the coaſtſ of Rea,yet thiſ iſ not held to be ge— nerall : for beaſtſ (aſ A7//o/e ſaithy do promiſcuouſly coucr one anotherſ the father the Daughter, the Sonne the mother, the Brother the Siſter,and thiſ maketh them to be per— fe& beaſtſ ; and the ſtorieſ before recited may bettue, yet are they extraordinary : other— wiſe the common rule of Ogid remainethtrue. That it iſnot a filthy thing for beaſtſ toob— ſerueno degreeſ of nature. Cocunt ani malia malle ; Cetera delettn, nechabetur turpe inneuce 30 Ferrepatremtergo ,fit equo ſua filz1a coniux. Thebeſttime of the yearefor the ioyning of Horſſeſ and Mareſ for copulation, iſ from the vernall cequinoctiall to the ſummer ſolſtice; becauſe then the Coultſ which arefoaled in due time, have the greene herbeſ and allthe warme weather for the ſuccour oftheir in— fancy : and if the Mare (after ſhee hath beeneonce couered) retuſe the imale, let her reſt temne daieſ, and then bring her to the male againe; if ſhee refuſe theſecond time, you may take it for graunted, that ſhe iſ filledalready. Wherfore ſeeing it iſ knowne certain— lythat a Mare goeth twelue monthſ with young, it iſ an eaſiematter ſo toorderthe time ofhercopulation, that her foale may alwaieſ be delinered in a warme and ſeaſonabletime The meantſ of theyear: for which cauſe there iſ an invention for ſtiring vp of the luſtboth inthe male o procure 40 and female : the Aymenean ſhepherdſ,by the ſweetneſſe of ſongſ vpon their pipeſ, ſtirred oT vp their Horſſeſand Mareſ to copulation, butthemore aſſured way iſ, to follow the di— ?***** rection of Columella and Abſjrrmſ, toprouckethem by naturallmeaneſ, like aſ Bulſ and Kyne. ! And firſt of all for the male, give him the raile of a Hart burned, mingled with wine, and annoint therewithall hiſ ſtoneſ and genetallmember, and ſo ſhal the dul Stallion be more prone to veriery 5 alſo there iſ akind of S47#/#», which they give to them in drinke, or the powder of a horſſeſ ſtoneſ : likewiſe if the female refuſe, take ſhrimpeſ beaten ſofte withwater (aſ thicke aſ hony) therewithal tonch the nature of the Mare in hir purgation, andafterwardſ hold it to her Noſe; or elſe take henneſ dunge mixed with Rozen and +5 4 Turpentyne, and annoynttheſecretſ of the Mare, which ſhall to far increaſe her luſt, aſ it cureth thelothſomneſſe better then the ſhrimpſ, and increaſeth luſt. But you muſtregard, that o leane and ill fanoured Marebe annointed, bCC_AUſC the horſe iſ quickly wearied from hiſ Inſtand ſo delighteth only to be tickled therewith with— ourdoing any thing! Otheragaine docfirſtof all bring ſome volger horſſe to the Mare, who prouokctg : an To ingender a male or fe— rmmale. The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. and ſtirreth her to luſt, and when he iſneare the very fade of filling her, they lead her a — way, to a more generouſ Srallion, to be couered by him : And ſo ifnone oftheſemeaneſ do prevaile with her, they doerub her ſecretſ with a Nettle, andthat cauſeth her toſuffer the Horſſe to enter. i | Demucrituſ alſo ſaith that it iſ in our power to cauſe our Horſſeſto bring forth maleſ orfemaleſ ; for if weſuffer themto couple when the North winde bloweth, or the third day before the full Moone, or bind hiſ leaft ſtone, hee ſhall get a male 5 but if when the South windbloweth, or three daieſ after the full Moone, or binde the right ſtone of the Horſſe, it will proue a female. 2 Alſo if atthe time of copulation, the Horſſe leape off from the Mare on therightfide, 10 itiſ a token itwill be a male, but if on the leftſide, it wil be a female. Carnall copulation iſ moſtacceptable to Horſſeſ, and leſſe grieuouſ vnto them _thcn to N;catc, fgr there iſ no kind (man only excepted) that iſ ſo venereouſ and nimble in generation aſ iſ a Horſſeor are. * The maleſ know their femaleſ with whom they line, although they have bine buta few daieſ together; and if ftrange femaleſ fallinto their company,, they c?zpell them away by biting, teeding ſingleandalone with their female by themſelueſ; butif, any mal_c or qthcr ſtone Horſſe come within their walke, then preſently they make force at him ; if their fe— male ſtir from them, they reſtraine her by biting : and in thiſ time of their rage, they nei— ther regard the rider,nor their aduerſary,nor the bridle, nor cruell ſtripeſ,nor ſteep hillſ, 20 nor rockſ ,or caneſ ofthe earth,if they wind the amorouſ ſauour oftheir felloweſ; accor— ding to the ſaying of Fagill in theſe verſeſ : Nogne videſ, vt tota tremor pertentet equorum Corpora, ſitantum not aſ odor attulit aur aſ ?_ Acneque eoſ iam frena virum, nee verbera [2#4, Non ſcopuli, rupeſd, cane,atque obiedt eretardant Flumina,correptoſ vndaterquentia monteſ. Ithath beene alſo receined, that a barren mare ſhal conceiue if you take a bunchofleckſ bruiſed ſmall and put intoa cup of Wineand twelue French flieſ called Camzazrideſ in wa— ter, put them two daieſ together into the genitall of a mare—like a Glyſter, and afterwardſ 30 . puther to a Horſſeanointing her ſecretſ with theſaid ointment twoſeueralltimeſ, when the horſeleapſ down from her 5 or elſe they take Nyter,Sparrowſ dung,Rozen, and Tur— pentine, thruſting the ſame into the mareſ genitall, whereby ithath been proued, that fe— cundity oftentimeſ followed. Alſoſome vſe Syler of the mountaineſ to procure conception in Mareſ and Coweſ, and the true ſigne of conception iſ, when their nature (that iſ) the fluent humour ,out of their ſecretſ ceaſeth for a month, or two,or three : and Pliry ſaith that when a mare iſ fil— led ſhe changeth her colour, and looketh more red, which iſ to be vnderſtood not of her haire, but of her ſkinne, lipſ and cieſ, her haire ſtanding more fullthen before. Thenlet The ordring them beſeperated from the maleſ, exempting them from moiſtplaceſ, cold, and labour, 49 of a Mare with foale. Vitrro PS!/N(W* Oruſ— for all theſe are enemieſ to her foaling, and cauſe abortement . Likewiſethey muſt not haue too— much meate nor too little , but onely a tempe— rat?_ dyetand ſoftelodging, their better ordering iſ elegantly deſcribed in Pirg/ in theſe verſeſ Nonillaſ grauibuſ quiſquimiugaducere planſtraſ, Non (alta ſuperare viam, (it paſſuſ C&r dcri Carperepratafuga: flumtoſque innare yapaceſ. Saltibuſ in vacuiſ paſcant : & plena ſcenndum FluminayC viridiſama gramine ripa : oat Spleunceque tegant : & ſacra procubet vmbra. 59 Thiſ iſ moſt certainethatifa Woman in her flowerſ, touch a mare with foale (or ſome— timeſ doe butſeeher) itcauſeth to caſt her foale, ifthat purgation, be the firſt after her virginity : Inlikemanner, if they ſmellof the ſhuffe of a candle, or eat bucke—maſtor Ger— tian. TheEgyptianſ when they wil deſcribe a woman ſuffering abortement, they piſture aMaretreading vpon a Wolfe, for if a Mare kicke ata Wolfe or tread where a Wt:)lſ; atl Of the Horſſe. . 3o1 hath troad, ſhee caſteth her foale: If an aſſe couer a Mare, which a horfſe hath formerly filled, there followethabortment,,but if a horſſe couer a Mare, which an Aſſe hath former— ly filled, there followeth no abortment, becauſe the horſſeſ ſeed iſ hotter then the Aſſeſ, Ifa Mare be ſicke ofabortment or foaling, Pollipedy min gled with warme water given hir in a horne, iſ a preſentremedy. ſſ The Sey thianſ when they perceine their Mareſ to be quicke with foale, they ride vp— . on themholding opinion that thereby , th_cy caſt forth their fealeſ with leſſe paine and f}gſiffff Por difficulty.They carry their young one in their wombeſ aſ hath beene alteady ſaid, twelue ner going | monethſ, but ſometimeſ they come at elenen monethſ and ten daieſ, and thoſe are com— with young. 10 monly maleſ,for themaleſ are ſoorier perfected inthe womb then thefemaleſ,and com— monly the femaleſ arefoaled at twelue monthſ or ten daieſ, and thoſe whichtary longer are vaprofitableand not worth education» A Mareiſ moſt caſil_y delivered of her youn among ether beaſtſ ,and bearethmoſt commonly,but one at a time,yer ithathbeenſcen that twinſ hath proceeded from her. At thetime of her deliuery, ſhee hath leſſe purgati— on of blood,then ſo great a molde of body canaffoorde, and when ſhe hath foaled, thee Ariſtoile devoureth herſecondſ, and alſo a thing that cleaueth toher foaleſ fore—heade, being a piece of black@fieſh called Zpppmazeſ, neither doth ſhee ſuffer her young one toſucke vntill ſhe haue eaten that, for by ſmelling thereunto ,the young and old horſſeſ,or other of thatkind would falmad, and thiſ thing hane the impoſterſ of the world; vſed for aphyl— 20 freor amorouſ cuppe; to draw Womentoloue them, Frgill ſ; peakeththuſ ofit 5 Quaeritut C& naſcentiſ Equi de fronte rewnlſiſ Et matriſ prareptuſ amor. . Andagaine, Hine demicm Hippomaneſ vero quodnomine dicunt Paſtoreſ. Lentumſ diſtillat ab inguine viruſ Hippomaneſ, quod [@pe malalegere nonerca Miſcneruntque herbaſ & non innoxia verba. Thiſ poiſon made into a can dic (Arx//amſ ſaith in the burning thereof, there ſhall beea o Preſentation of many monſtrouſ horſſe—headſ. There iſ verie great poiſon contained in — thiſ H/ppomaneſ, for the Arcadian Phormiſ made ahorſſe of brafie at Olympia, and put H#— pormaneſ into the ſame, and if the horſſeſ at any time had ſeene thiſ brazen horſſe, they weareſo farre inraged with luſt, that no halterſ or bandſ could hold them, but breaking all, runneandIcaped vpon theſaid brazen horſſe, and although it wanted a taile, yet wold they forſake any beautiful Mare and runne to couer it 5 neither when they came vntoit, and foundit by their heeleſ to be ſounding and hard brafſe, woulde they deſpaire of co— pulation, byt more and more, with noiſe of mouth, rage, and endevor of body, labor to leapevpontheſame, althogh the ſlippety brafſe gaue them no admiſſion or ſtay of abod vpon the backe of that ſubſtance, neither could they be drawne from the ſaide brazen I— Io magevntil by the great ſtrength and cruel ſtripeſ of the riderſ they were forcibly driven away. Somethinke thiſ little peece of fleſh to cleaue to the fore—head, otherſ to the loyneſ, and many to the genitalſ : but howſoeuer it iſ an vnſpeakeable part of Godſ prouidence, tomake the Mareſ belly a ſepulchre for that poiſon; for if it ſhould remaine in the maleſ aſ in thefemaleſ, the whole race of hor ſſeſ would vtterly periſh and be deſtroied throgh rageof[uſt, for which cauſe the keeperſ and breederſ of horſeſ;do diligently obſerue the time of their Mareſ—foaling, and in ſtantly cut off the ſame from the Colte,reſe ruing it in the hooſe a Mare, to Procure the Stallionſ to carnal copulation, and the Colt from which they cut thiſ piece of fleſh,chey ſacrificed it, for it iſ manifeſt ſaith Elianuſjhat the Mare 5o Hilſl}:\mcr lonethat foale, from whence ſhee hath not eaten and conſumed thiſ peece of eſh. And thiſ poiſon iſ not onely powerful in brutebeaſtſ, but alſo in reaſonab}c; men,for if at any time by chance or ignorantly they taſtheereof, they likewiſe fall to be ſo madde and preecipitate in luſte, raging both with geſtureſ and voice, that they caſte their luftfull eyeſ, vppon enerie kind of Women, attempting whereſoeuer they meet them | d to » T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. to rauiſh or ingender withthem : and beſideſ becauſe of thiſ oppreſſion of their minde, their body conſumethand vadeth away : for three daieſafter the Colt iſ foaled hee can hardly touch the ground with hiſ head. It iſ not good to touch them, for theyare har< med by oftenhandling, onely itiſ profitable, that it beſuffered withthe damame.in ſome warme and Jarge ſtable,ſoaſ neither it bevexed withcold, nor imndaunger to be oppreſſed by the Marethoroughwant of roome—Alſo their hooueſ muſt belooked vnto, leaſt their dung ſticking vnto them burne them , afterward when it waxerh ſtronger, turnebim out into the field with hiſ damme, leaſtthe Mare ouer—mourne her ſelfe for want of hirfoale, forſuchbeaſtſloue their young oneſ exceedingly. : Afterthree daieſ letthe Marebecexerciſed andrid vppe and downe; but with ſuch a pace aſ the foale may followher; for that ſhallamend andencreaſe her milke. If the Colt haue ſoft hooueſ, it will make him runne mote ſpeedily vppon the hard ground, or elſe laylittle ſteneſ vnder their feet, for by ſuch meaneſ their hoeneſ are hardned; and ifthat prevaile not , take ſwineſ greaſe, and brimſtone nener burned, and the ſtalkeſ of Garlicke bruzedand mingled alltogether, and therewithallanoint the hooneſ. The mountaineſ alſo are good for the breeding of Coltſ for two cauſeſ, firſt for that in thoſe placeſ their hooueſ are hardned, and fecondly by their continuakaſcending and diſcending, their bodieſ are better prepared for induring oflabour:Ard th'us much may ſuffice for the educating and nurſing of foaleſ.Eor their weaning obſerue thiſ rule, firſtſe— perate them from their dainſ twentyfoure houreſ togither,;in the next morning let them be admitted to ſucke their belly full, and then remoued to be never more ſuckled : atv. monethſ old begin to teach them to eat bread or hay, and at a yeare old gine them barly and bran; and at two yeareſ old, weane them vtterly. Of handling, mmizſig, or breaking of Hor Hey whichare appointed to breake horſſeſ, are called by the Graecianſ Eporedice,Hipodami,and Hipecomiothe Latinſ Equiſoneſ, Arulatoreſ,ond Cotioneſ ,uy Italian Io Cozone. Ab— ſirtuſ iſ of opinionthatfoaleſ are to be vſed to hand, and to be begun to be tamed at eighteene monethſ old, not to be backed but onely tied by the heade in a halter to a racke or maunger, ſo that it may not be terrified forany extraordi— nary noiſe, for which cauſe they vſe them to brakeſ, but the beſt time iſ at three yeareſ old, aſ Creſcetienſ?ſ teacheth in many chapterſ, wherefore when they begin tobe handled, let him touch the rough parteſ of hiſ bodie, aſ the maane and other placeſ , wherein the to we 9 horſſe taketh delight to be bandled : neither let him bee ouer ſeaueare and Tyrannouſ, 42 and feeke to ouercome the beaſt by ſtripeſ, but aſ C#rerſ ſaith, by faire meaneſ or by hun— ger and famine. Some hauc vſedto handle them ſucking, and to hange vpin cheir preſence bitſand bridleſ, that ſo by the ſight and hearing the gingling thereof in their eareſ, they might row more familiar.And when they came to hand to lay vpon their backeſ a litle boy flat on hiſ belly; and afterward to make him ſit vpon him formally, holding him by the head, and thiſ they do at three yeare old, but commit him to no labor yntill he be foureyeare old, yet domeſticall and ſinall horſſeſ for ordinarie vſe are tamed at two yeare olde, and the beſt time for the effecting heereof, iſ in the moneth of March. It iſ alſo good in riding of a young horſſeto light often, and to get vp againe, then Iet him bring him home and vſe him togheſtable, the bottome whereof, iſ good to be p2— ued with round ſtoneſ, or elſe plankſ of oake \ſtrewing litter vpon it when he lieth down, that ſo he may lieſoftand ſtand hard.It iſ alſo good to be regarded, that the plankeſ bee ſo laid , aſ the vrine may continually run of from them, hauing a little cloſe ditch to re— ceive it, that ſo the horſſeſ feet may not be hurt thereby, and a good maiſter of horſſeſ my 4 a 0 Of the Horſſe. 303 muſt oftentimeſ go into hiſ ſtable, that ſo he may obſertue the vſageof thiſ beaſt. The mangcralſo ought to bekept continually cleanefor the receiuing of hiſ pronuender;that ſono filth or noiſome thing be mingled therewith: there oughtalſo tobe partitionſ inir, thatſo enuery beaſt may eat hiſ owne allowance; for greedy horſſeſ do not onely ſpeedily rauen vp their ownemeat, but alſo rob their felloweſ. Otherſ againe haueſuch weake ſtomackeſ that they are offended with the breath of their felloweſ , and willfnot cateex—= cept they eatalone. The racke alſo iſ to be placed according to their ſtature;that ſo their throat may not betoo much extended, by reaching high, nor their eyeſ or head troubled, becauſe it iſ ro placed too low. There oughtalſo to be much light in the ſtable, leaſt the beaſtaccuſto— med to darkeneſſe, be offended at the Sunne light, and winke ouer much, beingnor able to indure the beamſ when he iſ ledabroad, but yet the ſtablemuſtbe warme and not hot; for althogh heat do preſeru fatneſ, yet it bringeth indiſgeſtion and hurtetha horſſeſ na— ture, therefore in the Winter time the ſtable muſtbe ſo ordered,; aſ the beaſt may'not be offended or fallinto diſeaſeſ by ouermuch heat or ſuddaine cold.In the Summer timelet themlodgeboth night and day in the openaire. Thiſ alſo in ſtabling of your horſſeſ maſt beauoided, namely the ſtieſ of Swine, for the ſtinke, the breath, the gruntling of hogſ, iſabhominablefor horſſeſ, andnature hathframed no ſimpathie or concorde betwixte thenoble and couragiouſ ſpirite of a horſſe, and the beaſtlie fluggiſh condition of a 20 Swine. I Remove alſo far awaie from your horſſeſ ſtableſ all kind of fowle, which were woont to haunt thoſe placeſ, to gathervp the remnant—graineſ oftheir prouender; leauing be— hindthem their little fetherſ , which if the horſſe licke vp in hiſ meat, ſticke in hiſ throat, or elſe their excrementſ which procureth the looſeneſ ofhiſ bellie; Itmuſtalſo be regarded, that the ſtable muſt bekepr neat, ſweet, and cleane, ſo aſ in abſence of the horſſe;it may notly—like a place for ſwine:The inſtrumentſ alſo;and imple— mentſ thereof, ſuch aſ are the horſſe cloatheſ ; the curri—combeſ,chemane—combeſ,ſad—= dleſ and bridleſ be diſpoſed and hung vp in order behindthehorſſe, ſo aſit maieneither troublehim eating or lieng, nor yet give him occaſfon'to gnaw,eat, and devuour them to 30 their owne damage or hurt, for ſuch iſ the nature of ſome wanton horſſeſ, to pulaſſundet and deſtroie whatſocuer they can reach. E t They are therefore oftentimeſ to be exerciſed and backed, and principally to.beekept inagood diet, for want of food deieGeth the ſpirit of the nobleſthorſſe, and alfo maketh the meane horſſe to beofnovſe; but on the contraty, a good diet doth not onelie make ameane horſſe to be ſeraicable, but alſo continue the worth and value ofthe beſt, which thing Poetſ conſidered, when they fained that A/i2# the horſſe of Neptune andſome o— therſ were made by Cereſ the Goddeſſe of corne, which any meane witted man imay in— tetpret to ſignifie, that by abundance of prouender the nature of horſſeſ waſ ſo farre ad— uanced aboue ordinary, that like theſonneſ of the Godſ they perform incredible thingſ: 40 whether thereforethey eat chaffe, or hay, or graſſe,; or graine, according'to thedivuerſi— tieſ of countriceſ, let it be wholeſome, cleane, freſh, and ſweet, without duſt, graucly mu— ſtineſ, or euillſmell. : Citw In the morning give them barley or prouender , a little at a time in diſtin@or ſeueral portionſ,twice or thrice one after another ſo aſ he may chew and ekediſgeſtitthorogh 1y otherwiſe ifhe rauen it in ,aſ he wil do hauing much at a time,he rendreth itin hiſ dung wholeand not diſgeſted. Aborit three houreſ after he hath caten hiſ pronuender,giuehim alittle of hay , and three houreſ after that hiſ dinnerſ allowance of \graine, aſinthemor— ning, and afterwardſ about two or three a clock hay againe, and then ſome drink : laſt of all give him hiſ allowance of prouender for Supper, with a bottle or twoof hay, which ought to be more plentifulthan the former ſeruingſ:& yettheſe ruleſare not tobe vnder ſtood aſ though they might not be altered, for the timeſ prefixed may be preuented if o— caſſon require. Their beſt prouenderiſoatſ and barley, yet barly ingendreth the'thinner and better blood, and therefore it iſ to be preferred, only the meaſure lofthe provuender iſ lefte to the diſcretion of the horſſe—keeper,and there iſno meate more wholſome for a horſſe,than barly and chaffe; becauſe itwil make hrim ful of life;and/alloable to induire La— or, yet not ouer fat, Dd 2 Iſ Uegerinſ (Camerariuſ 304 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ! In Englind in many placeſ they give their horſſeſ bread made of Fitcheſ, beanſ , and : peaſe. When one iſ to makea iourney on horſſe—back,let him not giue hiſ horſeto much | prouinderthenoone before,but ſomewhat themore hay, and bread ſteeped in wine,and | alſolet him ſeruchim ſooner at night than ordinary, that ſo the beaſt may take the more | reſt. There be which refuſeto ginue horſſeſ wet provuender or ſteeped bread ; becauſe they conceiue that it will breed in them loathſomneſſe of meat 5 but the truth iſ, a reaſonable horſſe—keeper preventeth that miſcheefe, andbeſideſ, the meat of a horſſe iſ altogither ſo drie, that the beaſthimſelfe iſ indangered to beſicke of that diſeaſe ;and therefore it iſ aſ fafe to giue him moiſtened foodeſometimeſ, aſ wellaſ to ginehim bread mingled Wl[h ſak. 10 When'a horſſe iſ weary or ſweateth, let him not drinke nor eat prouender, but after he iſ walked a litle while, gine him hay, firſt of al coucring hiru with a large cloath,and re— member, that hay iſ not to be caſt before a horſſe, aſ it iſ outof therecke, but firſt of all, it muſtbe pulled, and ſhaken betwixt the handeſ,;for the auoiding of duſt, and other filth, Reſtrain the horſſe aſ much aſ you may from eating the litter vnder hiſ feet, for euen the: beſt meat ſo defiled iſ vaholſome. It iſ alſo good ſometimeſ to ſuffer him to picke vp hiſ meaton the ground betwixthiſ forelegſ, that willmakehiſ necke to grow thinner, lean— ner, and more comely.Let hiſ necke be faſt bound in the ſtable with a Letherne collar, and bind with a manicle hiſ fore—legge to the hinderleg on the contrary ſide, and ſo ſhal biſ legſ be preſeruedin more health, becauſe they cannot mooue out of their place but 29 with difficulty. Concerning the drinke of horſſeſ, ſomething more iſto beadded in thiſ place, and namely brackyſh and troubled water, ſuchaſ runnethſoftly, aſ in great pondeſ, iſ fitteſt for horſſe, becauſe that water, being hot andthicke nouriſheth better, but the ſwift Wa— Ruſtint _ter iſ colder, and therefore more vnhollome, but yet in hot timeſ (aſ inSummer) the ſweet and clearer water iſ more conuenient if cuſtome beenot againſt it. Ad becauſe a horſſe (except he driake freely) can neuer be far, let hiſ mouth oftentimeſ be waſhed within withſaltand wine, and that will make him eat and drinkemore liberally : and yet the running water iſ more wholſome for horſſeſ, becauſe whatſoener iſ moucably fluent, iſ lefſe ſubic& to poyſon then that which ſtandeth ſtill; but if a horſſe ſweat or be weary , it iſ notſafe to let him drinke any thing, excepthefirſt ſtale, for in ſuch caſeſ followeth di— ſtention. And itiſ better to turne orlead forth your horſſe to watet,then to bring it vnto them. And if atany time neceſſity.cauſe thiſ to be done, then Iet the VVater be very cleare and freſh. Hiſ ſtable or lodging ought to be ordered, aſ neither it offend him by coldin winter, nor yet thorough heat in Summer, for both theſe extremetieſ are perniciouſ: and ther— fore when the weather iſ extreame colde, then muſt the horfſleſ backeand belly be couc— red with a cloath, and when on the contrary it exceedeth in hearthen muſthiſ litter be ta— kenaway.— Alſo in heate he muſt bee couered with linnen to auoide flieſ, and in cold 49 with woollen to helpe nature : likewiſe it iſ good toward night to picke, cleanſe, aud open hiſ hooueſ, with ſome artificiall inſtrument, andtothruſt into the hollow cow— dung, or in defe& thereof horſe—dung with a littie ſtrawe, thatſo he may notſhakeit out againe, but thiſ iſ not good to be done evcrie daye, but rather enery ſecond day, andit iſ good tomingle therewithfewet or greace, or elſ a new laideEgge with warme aſheſ. In auncient timethey vſed not to ſhoo their horſſeſ with yron,vyntill the daieſ of Carullm, whoremembreththiſcuſtome,ſaying : ((amerayiuſ 0 we Ferytam ut [oleam tenaciin voragine mula : So thatit ſeemeth that thiſ deniſewaſ firſtof al inuented for muleſ. Theſehorſſe—ſhooeſ, 59 oughttobe round like hiſ feet, and not heauy ,leaſt the horſſeſ nimbleneſ be thereby hin— dered, & great care muiſt be had in nailing or ſering the on,leaſtthe tender and fleſhy part Pollux. _Ofthe foor bethereby pierced. Another charge of a horſſe—keeper iſ to keepe hiſ horſſeſ lippeſ ſoft, tender, and gentle, ſo aſ hemay more ſencibly feele hiſ bit : andfor thiſ cauſe let him often rub theim with hiſ handſ and warme Water, andif neederequire with oy(l_c ſ allo Of the Horſſe. 305 alſo : and in handling of a horſſethiſ muſt beobſcrued for a generall rule, that neither he come to the horſſeright before hiſ face,nor behind hiſ taile, becauſe both theſe are dan— gerouſto the rider; leaſt by hiſ þcclcs or mouth hee harme him, but on hiſ ſide he may ſafely ſ?tdvpon him or handle hiſ horſle, and when he leadeth him, he muſt likewiſe goe on hiſ fide. £ Likewiſe good and painefulldreſſing of a horſſe iſ noſmall meaneſ to retaine bimin infound and perfe& health: and therfore he muſt often be touched with the curty—comb; and afterward with a handfull of ſtrawe, ſo aſ the hand may follow the ſtroke to lay the haire ſmooth : and their faſhion waſ in old time to bruſh ouer their horſſeſ with a little 10 Jinnen inſtrument made like a ſword , whereby they excuſſe all duſt from the beaſt : and heerein it iſ wiſedome to beginne at the head and mane, and ſo to deſcende to other partſ, and to touch the horſleſ backe gently : he may waſh the head and mane becauſe it being ſo bony it iſ daungerouſ leaſt the combe offend and greeue the beaſt, exceptit belayed on very tenderly , but it iſ not good to waſh the leggeſ, becauſe daily waſhitlg ſoftneth the hoofe by ſliding downe ofthe Water; and therefore it iſ ſufficient onely to, ſtroke them downe with hiſ handſ.: i | The neather part alſo of the belly iſ not to be kept ouer clean ,for the more it iſ clenſed: f with water, the more iſ the horſſe painedtherein : when a horſſe iſ dreſſed it iſ good to Lemararidſ bring him outofthe ſtable, that ſo in the open ayre hee may be tyed in a longer halter, 20 and ſceme to beatliberty , whereby he ſhallbebrought to more cleanneſſe and tradable gentleneſſe , ſtanding vppon ſome ſi moothſtoneſ, tillall the duſtand looſe haireſboth by thecombe and bruſh be driven away, and in the meane time the ſtable be emptied, and thiſ iſ to be performed before the horſſeſ watering. You muſt alſo regarde the Skin wherein the horſſeſ yard runneth be kept cleane,for if it be ſtopped it hinderethvrine , and maketh the horſſe ſicke, and when your horfle iſ in drefling, let him haue before him no manner of meat either of bay or prouender. feV Letthem beledde to the Water twice a day, and waſh therein both leggeſ and bel— Ty , except in the Winter time, wherein it iſ not ſafe to wet the beaſt ſo often :and if there be in them any appearance of ſickneſſe and infirmity, or if youhaue any purpoſe to give 30 vnto them any kinde of medicine, then muſt you altogether forbeare to Water them. Some vſe to waſh their horſſeſ leggeſ with warme wine—leeſ torefreſh their loynteſ and ſianeweſ after hard iournieſ, which cuſtome ſeemeth very allowable : other vſe in— —— ſteed thereof warme diſh—water out of the kitchin, and the backeſ they waſh with colde TVegerinſ water and ſalt. Vnderneath their tailſ and neare their yardſ, you ſhal find them in the Summer time to bemuch annoyed with flieſ, and therefore it 1ſ a needefull part of the horſſe—keeperſ watch—fulneſ to looke in thoſe placeſ and drive them away , for ſo hiſ charge will take the betterreſt. 4o _ And evermoretheremuſtbenouriſhed a mutuall benenuolence betwixt the horſe and horſſe—keeper,ſo aſ the beaſtmay delight in the preſence and perſon of hiſ attendant; andfor thiſ cauſe he may bekept from hunger, wet litter , cold in the winter, and flieſ in the Summer; and futthermore a dilligent caution muſt be had,that the beaſtbe not pro— voked thorough ouecrmuchſeverity,for if the horſſe by hiſ keeperſ violence be often dri— uen to hiſ rackeand maunger to auoid ſtripeſ, either he hurteth hiſ ſhoulderſ or leggeſ by hiſ owne weight or force, or elſe groweth into a trembliag at the preſence of a man; and ſo neuer yeeldeth any louing obedience;or elſ falethinto ſome furiouſ and vnreclai— mable cuill qualitieſ. The maſter therfore ought often to enter into hiſ ſtable,and takea view of hiſ horſleſ ** viage, whereby the beaſt wil quickly take notice of him,eſpecially if he haue but one,for it iſ a greatfollie and peece of ill huſbandry totruſt Seruanteſ and notto ouer—ſeethem. Catewaſ wont toſay : Fromſ ogtipitio prior + 3 Thatiſ, Aſ the forchead iſbefore the nape of the necke, mecaning thereby that nature Dd 3 hath The furnitur of a horſe & hiſ triming. The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. hathſet himhigheſt and formoſt, which ſhouldnot hide himſelfe, but.take hiſ place vp— ponhimanddiſchargecit, for it iſ not ſafe or any part ofwiſdome.to ſee by another manſ cieſ, or workealrogether by Deputieſ. | } E i Men muſtalſo be afftaidokf Ienflingxhclrhorſſcs, for the Gcrmaſſxs hayeapretty pro. nerbe, that they willnot truſt their wiveſ at great feaſtſ out of their ſight, for com'monly theylearneſome euillfaſhion or other: more thenthey: had bc(c)rc,' and_(o muchmore horſſeſ (afterlending) ireturne homeagaine to their maiſterſ with alteration of ſtrength and quality: / Of adorning and furniſhing horſſeſ. Cannot approue them that cut off their horſſeſ taile,or fore— top; one receined beginning from an ignorant perſwaſion of increaſing the ſtrength of the Horſſeſbacke, and the other froman immagined comelineſ, by triming it with ribben or ſome deuiſed knot, or that it hindred the horſeſ ſight. In the firſt, the beaſtiſwronged and deprivued ofhiſhelpe againite flieſ, and decency of hiſ hinder partſ, and in theſecond naſ ture acuſed, for not adorning the horſſeſ forhead with more gavdy and variable coloured hairſ, and prouiding a bunchof haire to weakea hiſ eyeſ:: but neither of theſe are tollerable, for a wiſe man once to ima— gine, and therefore I willnot ſpend any more time to confute thiſ vaine adorning of Horſſeſ.. . Letthe horſſe—keeper take heed that he harme not the beaſt when he purteth on hiſ bridle, for a little negligence quickly bringetha great offence, by touching, wringing, and oppreſſing any teader part in the horſſeſ head or mouth. Hemuſtalway put on hiſ bridle on theleft ſide, and if the horſſe of hiſ owne accord do not open hiſ mouth to the bit, thenmuſthe gently open hiſ mouth with one finger, and {o put itvppon him ; and if by thatmcaneſ he opennot hiſ mouth, then preſie or wring hiſ lip vpon hiſ greaticanine tooth, which thing cauſethany horſſe to open hiſ mouth. Alſoitmuſt be regarded that the horſſe inleading be not drawne after you, for ſo will _ he bemade hard headed,vnwilling to follow : againe hiſ cheekeſ muſt not be pinched by ' thebridle, Jeaſt the ſkin grow ſenceleſſe, and alſo it muſt not hange long or looſe inhiſ mouth, for ſo he will be alway biting hiſ bit, and give leſſe obedience to hiſ Rider. Camerarind writeth that he hath teene ſome put ſalt vpon their bitſ, whereof the horſe licking or taſting, becamemore willing to take it into hiſ mouth : and for the better per—= formance heecreof, it iſ neceſſary to obfſerue by often triall, what kind or faſhioned bitte beſt beſcemeth and fitteth the horſſeſ mouth,and finding it, keepe him thereuntoconti— nually : and when it iſ put on, neitherwring hiſ cheekeſ, or lethim rowle it betwixt hiſ teeth. : The ſaddle alſo muſt be ſo faſtned to hiſ backe, aſ that it may not turne or rowlevpon the ſame ; wherefore hewbich layeth it thereupon, moſt come on theleft fide, and gent— ly without violence or noiſe, ſetit vpon the beaſt : ſo aſ neither girthſ, peytrill,ſturropſ, trappingſ, or crupyard, fall betwixtthe backe and ſaddle, neither coucring therewith the horfſeſ wither, nor yet touching hiſ hipſ or loyneſ. Firſtofalllet the peyttill on the breaſt be buckled , then the girchſ in order neere the forelegſ, not vpon the belly , for vpon the belly they wil be ſliding off, and that iſ againſt the ruleſ of riding ; for Bexe equitant qui' bene cingunt,,that iſ to ſay 5 they ride well which bind faſt: and thiſ ought to be done in an open place, where both the rider and the horſe may have more liberty : wherewithal a generouſ and great ſtomacked beaſte iſ much de— lighted : neithermuſthe be tyed or drawne too hard till the rider beſeated, Looke alſo oftento the gircheſ,that they wring not the ſideſ, or pul of the ſkin. Of 10 ao wo — ozt ſ Therefore before you goc to Horſſebacke, firſt ſtroke yourHorſſe and makemuch of him with gentlewordſ yor other conuenient ſound which the Horſſe voderſtandeth, and ſo will he ſtand morewillinglytil you be on hiſ backe : for thiſ.thing,there iſ in Plyzarch an excellent ſtory of Alexazder the great, when Bucephaluſ waſ firſt of allpreſented to hiſ father King Ph//p, by a Thaſſalian (called Phillenix:»)For when the King waſ perſwaded to go forch into the fielde to try the qualitieſ of thiſbeaſt, which waſ fo highly comended for 20 trare parteſ, and valued atſuch a price, aſ none but a King might yealde for him— thenthe Horſſebeganne to ſnort, and kicke; and toadmitno mantocome' vnto himwithin the length of the rainſ , but kept aloft like a wildand votamed Horfle ; yealding no obedience to voice or other ſigneſ of the riderſ : whereat the King fel exceeding angry, andbid them lead away the vnruly and vntamed Horſe : Alexander being preſent, complained of the ignoranceand fearefulneſſe of the riderſ, and that they were the canſe why ſuch a gene— rouſ and gallant beaſt waſ no better manned. At the hearing wherof, King Ph///p ſmiled, and yetſo carried himſelfe aſ though he had not heard the wordſ of hiſ Somne, vntill A— lexander repeatedhiſ ſaying the ſecond time ſ wherennto hiſ father replyed, what (ſir Boy) will you make your ſelfe more Skilfullthen theſe old cunning riderſ:—? will youlay on them 30 an imputation of feareand ignorance? yeſ (ſaid Alexander) I will aduentureto handle thiſ Horſle better then any other : yea but ( ſaide Pþ///p ) what puniiſhment then wiltthouyn— © dergoec if thou faile and performe not what thou haſt ſaid ? What puniſhment (ſaid Alex— ander) why Iwillgive them the price of the Horſſe: Whereat the King laughed and ftrek vp the Wager, and ſo had Alexazger the raineſ of the Horſle delinered to him, who pre— . ſently turned him about againſt the Sun—riſing, that ſo be might norbee terrified with the ſhaddow of the beholderſ, and ſo led him vp and downe ſoftly two orthree turneſ.and at Taſtwan the Horſſe to hand, which he gently ſtroked and applauded : and when he had got— ten perfect intelligence and vaderſtinding of the Horſſeſ ſtomacke, he caſtoff hiſ cloake, and addreſſed himſelfe to mount on hiſ backe, ſo holding the raineſ and bearing biſ hand and whole body aſ he did not checkeor pinchthe Horſſeſ mouth: ſo he inclinedhim firſt ofal tolay away hiſ ſtirred and angry minde, and afterward paced him to and fro gently which the Horſſe indured : At laſt he put Spurſ vnto him, and made him funne, leap, car— . rier, and curuet, to the terror at thefirſtiof all thebeholderſ, & afterward to their ſingular admiration and praiſe of himſelfe : which caunſed the company or traine to applande thiſ fad, and forced the old man hiſ father, to fend forthteareſ for ioy :and when Alexunder deſended from hiſ Horſſe, hee could not containe himſelfe, but he muſtneedeſ gockifſe and embrace ſuch a Sonne; whereby it iſ manifeſt, that when a man iſ to ride on a gene— xouſ ſpiritedHorſſe,he ſhal bend him to endurethe burthen by gentleneſſe and familiari— ty, ſo aſ the beaſt may ſtillknow and loue hiſ rider. o Likewiſe when the maiſter mounteth, it iſ requiſit that the ſeruant beonthe other fide ??}1]6 horſſe to hold the ſtirrop, for ſo ſhall he get vp more ſurely and ſethimſelfemor oftly. t } Some Horſſeſ are raught to bend their kneeſ to.takevp their aged and ſick Maiſterſ,that Yenophon, ſothey may be the leſſe offended in aſcending to their backſ;and thiſ cuſtonalſaith Pp/zx) didfirſt of albegin among the Perſianſ. iIh & 308; Ruſtinſ e Abſiriu: Pollux., T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The ancient Germanſ were {o ſingularly exerciſed in Horſmanſhip, that ſtanding vpon the groundand holding a Speare or launce in their handeſ, they mounted withoutother ſtirrop or vantage vppon their Horſleſ backſ ; and not onely when they were ordinarily attired in common garmentſ,but then alſo,when they were armed ( tho Zw/im C#e/2@r take from them allglory of chinalry) yet nowadaieſ the inuention of Saddleſ with ſtirropſ, iſ moſteaſie both for Horſſe and Horfeman, being theu bctter the Pelethronian inuegtion time. — WWhen the Rider iſ in hiſ Saddle, and iſ well ſeated;he muſt not fit aſ in a Chaire or cha— riot, bended together, butrather keepe hiſ body vpright, oncely bowing outwardly hiſ kneeſ, for ſo ſhal he be betterable to defendhimielfe,or offend hiſ aduerſary; for he muſt 10 rather ſeemieto ſtand then to ſit on horſebacke. — TheRideror maiſter of Horſſeſ muſtſpare hiſ Horſſe in the heate of Summet, (about Dog daieſ) and in the colde of Winter, and nenver at any time to ride paſt the twylight ofthe euening. The Horſſe being empty, iſ moreprone to make water then being full, and therefore muſt not be hindered in that deſire : and alway after hiſ ſtaling , ride him not too faſt; vntil hiſnerueſ which were extended to let forththe vrine be contracted, ſet— led and drawnetogether againe: If in the wintertime a horſlebe to paſſe ouer a foord of water(which wilaſcend vp aboue hiſ belly) Iet him ſtale firſtof al; leaſthe fallinto the ſtrangury , and alſo be a little eaſed of iſ loade. 3 f t 20 There iſ no beaſt thatreloyſeth more in celerity and ſwiftneſſe then a horſe, becauſe ſo ſoone aſ he 'iſ turned ont of band , he inſtantly tunnethaway ſpeedily ,and doth walkeſoft— ly aſ at other timeſ : and thiſ iſ a pleaſure to them,except whenthey are prouokedaboue their deſireſ : and the counſel of xevophonwhen youare to ride faſt or for a wager , iſ thiſ 5 bend the vpper part of the body forward, ftretrching out thehand that carrieth the raineſ; now drawing it in, and theri letting itatlength againe ; and therefore it iſ good in ſuch ca— ſeſ to vſeſhort raineſ ,and if the Horſſe in hiſ courſe ſtretch forth the raineſ of hiſ owne accorde;then iſ it a figne of an vnokilfull Rider , or of a weake and tireable horſſe. & Adde not Spurſ but in great neceſſity ,but guide and prouoke him with voice and riding rod, for quiekand good metled Horſſeſ, are by the Spur made fierce ; and gentle natu— 30 red beaſteſ made ſluggardſ like Aſſeſ, which by often beating feem to neglect and diſpiſe ſtripeſ. r, i You muſtalſo ſhorten and lengthen your {ournicſ andtimeſ oftidingſ ,ſoaſ they may neither be certaine to the beaſt, nor yet oner long; and ſpecially after along iourney ;take aſhorter if you ride vpon the ſame hor®e. Firſt of all let him be vſed to plaineand equal waieſ, andifhebe to leape or goe vpper hilli it waſ a precept of the old Grzecianſ, that then the Rider muſt lay the raineſ in hiſ necke. If the Horſſe atany time be cither more fierce or ſluggiſh then ordinary , he may be holp by theſe meaneſ. Wildeneſſeand fierceneſſe of Horſſeſ, iſ like to anger and rage in 40 men 5 and therefore occaſionſ of offence in word and deede muſtbe auoided : thereftore aſſoone aſ the Rider iſ vpon hiſ backe, let him reſt alittle before he ſet forward, and then alſo let the horſſe moue buthiſ own pace : for aſ men are offended with ſudden violence and imperiouſ geſtureſ; ſoalſoare horſſeſ : but if the horſſe being ſtirred to hiſ race, bee moreforward and whot then ordinary, he muſt be gently reſtrained by the bridle; andit iſ better to qualific their rage in long and ſpaciouſ direC iournieſ, then in oftenwind— dingſ and turningſ. But ifany man be ſo ſimple aſ to thinke that by length of iourney or race, hiſ horſſe wil be more meeke, becauſe he may be tyred, hee deceineth himſelfe, for aſ rage in man inuentethburtfulrenenge, and turneth into malice by continuance, ſo alſo in horſſeſ it 58 procureth a headlong ruine (if it be not preuented) both to horſſeand rider : and there— fore if your horſſe be of a generouſ ſpirit, never proucke him to ferocity , for aſ they are wilde and fierce, ſo are they wicked and harmefull. It iſ alſo better to vſe light and gentle bridleſ then heauy and ſharpe, except } the we Of the Horſſſ. the rider can by hiſ art ſo frame the ſharpe,aſthe gentle bitte : and alſo the rider muſt ſo frame himſelfe in hiſ art of ryding, that in the commotion ofhiſ Horſſe, hee may not touch any member or part of him, but onely hiſ backe whereupon he ſitterh. 3 He muſtalſo learne hiſ different termeſ, to incite and ſtir vp hiſ Horſſeto run forward, which the Greecianſ call (C/ogmoſ) or elſeto reſtraine him and keepe him in which they call (Pyppj/mmſ) the one cloſeth the lippeſ, and the other toucheth the palat. & If the Horſſe be fearefull of any thing , you muſt ſhew the thing to him plainly, that ſo by cuſtom he may learne not to be ſkittiſh, and let him ſimell thereunto, till he learne not to beafraid, butif men beate them, they do but feare them more; for while they are ſo ill 10 handled, they ſuſpee thatthe thingſ wherof they are afraid re the canſe ofthecir ſtripeſ, In likeſort when they go on the oneſide, or turne back againe, it iſ good to vſe the ſpurſ, becauſe they encreaſe their terror and peruerſencſſe'; and, thereforeaſ peaceable encou— ragement and friendly perſwaſion iſ the beſtmeaneſ to perſwade a man in hiſ feare, the like courſemuſt be taken with a Horſſe, that ſo he may goe ſtraight on without doubt or trembling ; and learne notto account any thing horrible to hiſ nature. When a Horſſe iſ ſo tyred and wearied in hiſ iourney that a man would indge him vofitfor any labour, take off hiſ Saddle and burchen, and put him into ſome ſtable or greeneficlde, where he may tumble and rowle ouer and ouer , and he ſhalleaſily recouer. Inancient time, if horſſeſ were to be trauailed through ſnow, they madethem booteſ of 20 ſackeloth to weare in their iourney. Of the diſpoſition of } horſſeſ in generall. Mong the flockeſ or heardeſ of Horſſeſ, there iſ not a Cap— taine or leader going before or gouerning the reſidue, aſ a= mong Oxen, Sheepe, and Elephantſ; becauſe the nature of theſe iſ more inſtable and moucable it being a ſwift and high ſpirited beaſt, and therefore hath receined a body furnithed with ſuch memberſ aſare apt to be ſwaied by ſuch ſpirit: for Lactantinſ twuly obſernethinthemadeſire of glory, becauſe afterviGory, the conquerourſ exſult andreioyce, butthe conquered or ouercome, mourneand hange downe their J headeſ : which thinge Pirgill expreſſeth in thiſ verſe 5 Inſultare ſolo, Cy greſſuſ glomerare ſuperboſ. But more plainely O»id, the triumph of the conquering horſſe, ſaying : Hic generoſuſ honoſ & gloriamedior equorum Num capiunt animiſ palmi,gaudentque trium}:l:o 40 Sen ſcptem ſpatifſ circo mexuere corommm. Nonne videſ vidtor quanto ſublimiuſ altunmſ Attollat caput, G&> wulgi ſe venditet aura, Celſane cum caſo decoratur tergaleone Quam tumiduſ , quantod, venit ſpelTabiliſ attu : Compeſcatgue ſolum, generoſo concita pulſn, . Vngula ſub ſpolijſ grauiter redemitiſ opimiſ. 5 And Pliny affirmeth that when they areioyned together in chariotſ,they vnderſtand theyr encouragementſ of glory andcomendation: and therefore there iſ not any beaſte of ſo ſ highaſtomach aſ a horſe. i Ofthe naturall dij]zoſition of borſſeſ— . Hey lone wet placeſ and bathſ, for which cauſe they are called Philolugrſ, theyal— } ſolonemuſicke aſ hath beene already declared, and the whole hoaſt or Army l(;f ſi 8 ——38 99 ȜlO AHiſtory, Solinuſ The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. the Sybariteſ, taughttheir Horſſeſ to daunceat the ſound of a Pipe: and Ceelinſ writeth hcereofin thiſ manner 5 So great (faith he)y waſ the rior and wantonneſſe of the Sybarixſ, that at cheir common feafteſ they brought in horſſeſ to daunce before men 5 which thing being knowne by the Crozontate,they otfered them Warre,and agreed vppon the fight : wherenpon, in the day of battell, the Czazeriaſſ brought with them divierſ Piperſ and Minſtrilſ, who vppon aſignc givuen to them, ſounded their inſtrumentſ, wherevpon the Sibaritan horſeſ came running & dancing among theiraduerſarieſ,and ſo betraied them felueſ and their riderſ to the enemy. The like ſtory iſ reported by Arhenenſ, of the people ( called Cardrazi) for they alſo caught their Horſſeſ to dauncevpon theit hinder Leggeſ, and to worke many ſtraunge to feateſ with their forefeete, at the hearing of certaine meaſureſ played vpon Pipeſ. The Bi/altanſ waged Warre agai—#t the Cardianſ, and they had to their Captainea certaine man (called Opar/ſ) who when hee waſ a Boy waſ ſold to Cardza , and there hee ſerued with a Barber : In the time of hiſſeruice he oftentimeſ heard, thatthe Oracle had foretold, how the Card/azſ ſhould be ouercome by the Bi/altanſ, and therefore he to pre— uent the worſtranne away from hiſ maiſter, and camehome ſafe to 3i/@lza hiſ owne.coun— try, and waſ by hiſ countrey men created. Capraine of all their warlike forceſ : he vnder— ſtanding what trickeſ the Cazrd/anſ taught their Horſeſ in dancing, brought out of Cardia certaine Pipeſ, and taughtdiverſ B//a/zanſ to ſoundand play the meaſureſ vpoa'them, whichthe Card/anſ taught their Horſſeſ : whereupon when uſ they toyned battellwith the 20 Cirdian Horſſeſ (for all the force of the CardZ/anſ lay in their Horſeſ) he commanded hiſ piping Bi/alranſ to ſoundetheir muſicke, which the Horſſeſ vnderſtood, who preſently ſtood vp vpon their hinder leggeſ, and would not fight any more or goe any further,ſo aſ they were ouerthrowne by their aduer{arieſ. They have alſo a ſingular pleaſure in publikeſpeSacleſ 5 and therefore haue beene ob— ſerued to beprouoked not only by pipeſ or ſuch inſtrumentall muſicke, but alſo by ſongſ orvocallharmony, by variety of colourſ, and by burning Torcheſ : D/o»alſo Writech that heſaw a Horſſe taught to know and to do reuerence to a king. And Textor affirmeth that he ſawa Horſſe at Par# at the triumpbſ,tilt, and Turna— mentſ made forthe marriage of Leweſ the twelueth to M@7, a Lady of Brittaine, which 30 "being commaunded by'hiſ Ryder to ſalute the Queene, prefently did bead both—hiſ kneeſ vntoher, and then roſe againe running away aſfaſt aſ a bird could fiye. " Homer ſeeivethalſo to afirme that thereare in Horſſeſ diuine qualityeſ,vnderſtanding thingſ to come, for being tyed to their mangerſ they mournd for the death of parracl®, and alſo fore—ſhewed Achif/eſ what ſhould happen vnto him : for which cauſe Plimyſaieh of them, that they lament their loſt maiſterſ with teareſ, and foreknow batcaileſ, irgill writeth thuſ of the horſſe of Pa/laſ : >Poſ? bellatrix equuſ, poſitiſ inſignibuſ Aethon Lachrymanſ,quiſique humeitat grandibuſ ora. Accurſiuſ affirmeth ,tharCeſar three daieſ before he died found hiſambling Nag weeping in the ſtable, which waſ a token of hiſ enſfewing death, which thing I'ſhould not beleeue, 49 exceptTrangquilluſ in the life of GCeſar, had related theſamething , and he addeth moreo— uer, that the Horſleſ which were conſecrated to Marſfor paſſing oner Rywbrico», bcing let to run wilde abroad without their maiſterſ,becauſe no man might meddle with the horſeſ of the Godſ, were found to weepe aboundantly and to abſtaine from all meat. Whereof their could beno cauſe given ,buit the loneoftheir former maiſterſ. It iſ alſo reported of Rodatuſ ,a captain to Charlſ the great, who after the death of the Emp.waſ made a Monk, hiſ horſe would nener ſuffer any to come:on hiſ back except hiſ maiſtet, who likewiſe had abſtained from riding many yeareſ : But it happened that certaine Paganſ, brakein vpon theſaid monaſtery , whereupon poore Rodatuſ went vnto hiſ horſe, whoafter many yearſ diſcontinuance, willingly tooke vp hiſ aged maiſter vpon hiſ back.and ſo caried him vntil 58 he trinmpbed ouer hiſ aduerſarieſ, and no maruaile for dogſ and horſeſ are moſtlouing to men, if they bebrought vp carefully, andliberally , they recompence the good turneſ oftheir benefaGorſ . It iſ obſerved in the nature of horſeſ that they ſeldome hurt a man or child, exceprintheir madneſ,yet arethere malitionſ horſeſ, aſ well aſ men. It iſ reported by Plinyand Txetz=eſ, that when a foale hath loſt hiſ damithe reſidue of the Mareſ which give ſuck, bring it vp ,and that they areſeldom found at variance,except the barxen mareſ pullaway the foaleſ from the naturall damſ. For Of the Horſſe. 311 For there iſ no creature ſo louing to their young oneſ, aſ are Mareſ, neither any ſo deſ— rouſ of young ; for which cauſe, w hen they are barren themſelueſ, they labout to ſteale them away from otherſ. * They which were wont to runne raſeſ, would performe it vpon Mareſ, newly deliuered Ariſtatle, ofFoalſ, they tyed vp the Foalſat home, and led the Mareſ to the begining of the race, making the end thercof at the Foaleſ ſtable ; and ſo putting the Beaſt forward, ſhe run— neth homewardeſ more ſpeedily for the remembrance ofher Foalc. \, Of the feare of Horſſeſ and their enemieſ IL@ — 1IDDNACUTE. 9 Vt ' Orfſeſ areafraid of Elephantſ in battaile, andlkewiſe of a Cam— 25 11 Wſſ mell, for which cauſe when Cy fought againſt C/e/@, he ouer— ou l "'} threw hiſ Horſſeby theſight of Camelſ, for a Horſle cannot a — H þ 3 bide to looke vpon a Camell. If a Horſſe tread in the foot—path of __ y/q%) a Wolfe, he preſently falleth to be aſtoniſhed 5 Likewiſe, if two or SeT more drawing a charriot, come into the place where a Wolfe hath ſſ AABIS3 troad, they ſtand ſo ſtill aſ if the Charriot and they werefrozento 20 the earth, ſayth Acliawuſ and Pliny. Acſtulapinſ alſoafirmeth theſame thing of a Horſſe, treading in a Beareſ footſtepſ,and alligneth the reaſon to be in ſome ſecrer, betwixt the feere of both beaſteſ. & Oraz, Wehaue ſhewed already, that if a Mare ſtrike a Wolfe , or treade in.the foorſteppeſ thereof,ſhe preſently caſteth her Foale; and therefore the Egyptianſ, when they ſigni— fie a Woman ſuffering abortement, piQure a Mare kicking a Wolfe. The Dextanian Horſſeſ being not gelded, dare fight with Lyonſ, but being gelded,likealother Horſſeſ, Oppianſ they are ſo afraid of Lionſ, thatnoſtripeſ, nor Spurſ, iſ able to bring them in their pre— ſence, the Carapion Horſleſ excepted. Alkind of Swine are eneinieſ to Horſeſ, the Eſtridgealſlo iſ ſo feared of a Horſe;that o the Horſſe dareſ not appeare in hiſ preſence. The like difference alſo iſ betwixt a Horſſe Cardan. and a Beare. There iſ a bird which iſ called Ayr/ormſ which neyethlike a Horſſe, flying a — bout, the Horſle doth many timeſ drive it away, but becauſeit iſ ſomewhat blind, and cannotſee perfectly, therfore the horſſe doth oftentimeſ kerch it, and devoure it, hating hiſ owne voice in a creature ſo vnlike himſelfe. Itiſreported by AriſZerle,thatthe Buſtard louctha Horſle exceedingly,forſceing other Beaſteſ feeding in the paſtureſ, diſpiſethandabhorreth them, but aſ ſooneaſ ever it ſee— 97 eth a Horſſe, it flyeth vato him for ioy , although the Horſſe runaway from it: and there— * (Vitt foretheEgyprianſ, when they ſee a weake man drining away a ſtronger, they picture a Buſtard flying to a horſſe. Horſſeſ arealſo taught to leape, if a man take him by the rainſ, and go ouer the ditch before him, holding him faſt, and pulling him to him. But ifhe be 4 vnwilling, then letanother come behinde him and ſtrike him with a Whip, or with a rod, : o will he leape ouer without delay; and thuſ when you haue vſed him to leape empty,like— wiſe accuſtome him loaded. Firſt oucr ſimaller and then ouer greater hedgeſ. But at the beginning let him leape in ſoſfte ground, and being wel practized in harder, and when he beginneth to leape , let the Rider put Spurreſ vnto him, for ſo will he performe hiſ leape with more ſafety to himſelfe and the rider ; and by cuſtome hee may leape, and runne aſ wel downe the hil aſ vp hil; and thereforethe Perſ/amſ, and Aadriſiamſ vſeand accuſtome their Horſſeſ to run both down hil, and vp hil. . TheſeEpethitſ following, do ſerucand expreſſethenature of Horſſeſ: ful of ſtom?ch, 0 generouſ, magnanimiouſ, ſtrong, ardent, ſharpe, conctouſ,fierce, bolde, threatening, terrible, foaming ; ſuch were the Horſſeſ of Arcamania, Argoſe, Myſene, Aria »Eliſ,Eptd. Spaine, Theſalt, Far/aliſ , of which country waſ Burephalwſ,the Horſſe of, A[exm.dcr. Balla— fia,aprouince addiGted to Mahomet,hath many of theſeexcellent,great, and ſwift horſſeſ, whoſe hoofeſ are ſo hard, that they needeno yron ghooeſ, although they trauaile oner rockſ and mountaineſ. ſ f1 E 31% T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The Atabianſ alſo haue ſuch horſeſ, and in the kingdom of Serega, they haneno breed of Horſſeſ atall, by reaſon of the heateof their Countrey , which doth not onely burne vp all paſture, butalſo cauſe Horſſeſto fall into the ſtrangury ; for which cauſe they doe buy Horſſeſ very deare, vſing in ſtead of hay, the ſtalkeſ of Peaſe dryed and cut aſunder, and Millet ſeede, in ſtead of Oateſ, wherewithall they grow exceeding fat, and the loue of that people, iſ ſo great to Horſſeſ, that they give, for a Horſſe furniſhed, nine bond. flaueſ , or if it pleaſe them well, fourteen ; but when they haue bought their Horſleſ, they ſend for Witcheſ, and obſeruetherein thiſ ceremony. } They make a burning fire with ſtickeſ, putting therein certaine fuming Herbeſ, after. wardeſ they take the Horſſe by the bridle, and ſet him ouer thiſ ſmoking fire, annointing him wich a very thinne oyntment, muttering ſecretly certaine charmeſ, and aſtcr\ſiardcg hanging other charmeſ about their Necke in a red ſkinne, ſhut them vp cloſe for fiſteene daieſ together : then did they bring them forth, affirming that by thiſ meaneſ, they are made more valiant, and couragiouſ in war. T he lone and knowledge of . Horſſeſ to men. iNdto thiſ diſcourſeof Horſſeſ belongeth their nature, ei— ther of louing or killing men. Of the nature of Alexamderſ 29 Horſſe before ſpoken off called Bucephalzſ, iſ ſufficiently ſaid, except thiſ may be added, that ſolong aſ he waſ naked and without furniture, he would ſuffer any man to come on hiſ backe; but afterwardeſ being ſadled and furniſhed, hee could endure none but Alexarzder hiſ maiſter : For if any o— ther had offered to come neare him, for to ride him, he firſt of all terrified him with hiſ neighing voice, and afterwardeſ & troad him vnder foor if he ran not away. When Alexander waſ in the IndianWiarreſ, and ryding vpon thiſ Horſſe in a certaine battaile, performed many valiant adſ, and through hiſ own improuidence, fellinto an ambuſh of hiſ foeſ, fr6 which he had neuer bin delinered alite, but for the puiſancy of hiſ Horſſe,who ſeeing hiſ maiſter beſet with ſo many enemieſ, receinued the Darteſ into hiſ owne body, and ſo with violence preſſed through the middeſtof hiſ enemieſ, hauing loſt much bloode, and received many woundeſ, ready to die for paine, not once ſtaied hiſ courſe tillhee had — brought hiſ maiſter the King ſafe out of the battell, and ſet him on the ground ; which be— Gillinſ ing performed in the ſame place hee gaue vppe the ghoaſt and dyed, (aſ it were com— forting himſelfe with thiſ ſeruice ) that by hiſ owne death hee had ſaued the life of ſuch a King : for which cauſe, after Alexander had gotten viGory, in that very place where hiſ Horſſe died, he built a citty and called it Bucephalon. — It iſ alſo reported that when Z/» the Emperour would haue had hiſ Horſſeſto teare 40 in pieceſ hiſ Daughter, becauſe ſhe waſ a Cohriſtian, he himſelfe waſ by one of them bit— ten to death. Aeec/er the Sonne of Themiſfocleſ periſhed by thebiting of a Horſſe : neither heerein onely iſ the nature of Horſſeſ terrible, becauſe alſo they hane been taught to teare men in pieceſ : for it iſ ſaid that Buſfriſ and D/omedeſ did feede their Horſſeſ with manſ fieſh, and therefore FTerenleſtooke the like reuenge of Diomedeſ, for hee gavue him to hiſ Horſſeſ to be eaten : of D/omedeſ were theſe verſeſ made , Vt qui terribileſ pro gramen habentibuſ herbiſ , Impiue humano viſcere panit equoſ. The like alſo iſ reported of Glareuſ (theſon of Syſſphwſ) who fed Horſſeſ with manſ fleſh at Potnia a city of Beotia, and afterward when he could make nomore prouiſion for them, 5® they devoured their maiſter : whereof Virg/// writeth thuſ ; Et mentem venuſ ipſa dedit quo tempore Glauci, Potniadeſ maliſ mombra ab/umpſere quadrigſ. But thiſ iſ thought a fiGtion, to expreſſe them which by feeding and keeping of Horſſeſ, conſume their wealth and ſubſtance : and thuſ much for the natural inclination of Horſ:)sict me 9 we & Textor» Of theHorſſe A ſNX vi 313 Of ſenerall kindeſ of Horſſeſ. ffi%) Here be ſeucrallkindſ of horſſeſ which require a particu— lar tractare by themſelueſ, and firſte of allthe martiall or great warlicke horſſe, which for profit the poet coupleth wichſheepe : C Laniſiera pecudeſ & equorum bellica proleſ. fl The partſ of thiſ horſſe are already deſcribed in the Stalli— on, the refidue may beſupplied out of Xemgphor and Opp;— 4<»uſ.He muſtbe of a ſingularconrageand docibility,with our maime, feate, or other ſuchiofirmity. } Z Hemuſtbeableto ton vp and down the ſteepeſthilſ, 1o leap, and bite, and fight in battail,but with the direCtion of ſttſrider: for by theſe iſ both the ſtrength of hiſ body and mind diſconered; and aboue al, ſuch a bne aſ will nenefre— fuſe to labor, though the day be ſpent : wherefore the rider muylt firſt look to theinſtituti— on and firſt inſtrudion of hiſ horſſe, for knowledge in martiall atfaitreſ iſ ot naturallifn — menor horſſeſ, and therefore exceptinformation and practile adornenature, iteafinotr 20 be,but either by feare or heady ſtubborneſ, they willouerthrow themſelueſ and theirri— derſ.Firſt of allthey muſtnot be gelditgſ, becauſe they are fearefull, but they muſtbee ſuch aſ wil reioyce and gather ſtomacke at the voice of muſicke, ortrumpetſ, andat the ringing of armour : they muſtnot be afraid of other horſſeſ; and refuiſe no combate;but beable toleapebighand far, and ruſhinto the battell, Gghting (aſ iſ ſaid) with heeleſand mouth. SlM t The principall thingſ which he muſt learne are theſe : firſtto have a lofty and flexible necke, and alſo to be free, notneeding the ſpur 5 for if he be ſluggiſh and need ofteh agi— tation'too and fro by the hand of the rider, or elſ if he be full of ſtomacke and ſullen 16 aſ he will do nothing but by flattery and faire ſpeecheſ, he much troubleth the mind of the o rtider :but if he run into thebartell with the ſame outwardaſpee of body , aſ he doth vn— to a flocke or company of Mareſ, with lowde voice, high necke, willing minde, and great force, ſo ſhall he be bothterrible to looke vppon, and valiantly puiſſant in hiſ combate. Whetefore the rider muſtſo cary hiſ hand , aſ the reyneſ may draw in the horſſeſ necke» and not ſo eaſily, aſ in a common trauelling gelding, but rather ſharply to hiſ greeuance alittle, by wſuch he wil be taught aſ it were by ſigneſand tokenſto fight,ſtand ſtilkLor ran away. f The inſtitu= The manner of hiſ inſtitution may bee thiſ : after the dreſſ ng and furniſhing of your tion T]f . horſie aſ aforeſaid, andlikewiſe the backing, firſt of almone, ſtir, or walk your horſle geot litkeboullſ lie, vntilhe be welacquainted with the cariage of your hand and whole body, and aſter— ward accuſtome him to greater and ſpeedier paceor exerciſe, vſe him alſo to run longer raceſ, and alſo by drawing in your hand to ſtay or ſtop ſuddenly : for therearehorſſeſ ſo inftructed that they can ſtay themſelueſ in their ſpecdieſt courſevpon an inſtant, without any circumambulation , ſhaking off the violence of their courſe, like an ordinary trotting nag,by mounting vp a little with their forefeet. And alway it iſ to be remembred that after the mounting on horſſe—backe, youmuſtfirſt of al begin on theleft hand , bending your hand that waie,and alſo to the right hand when youwould haue your horſſe to turne on that fide. Andaboue allother thingſ horſſeſ are delightedwich crooked, bending and round courſeſ, ſuch aſ are in circleſ and Ringſ,and he muſtbe accuſtomed to runfrom other horſſeſ, leauing them behind him, and likewiſe via! g0 turning toward them and making at them with hiſ face to them: but headlong and preci— e4b, h. pitatecourſeſ, ſuch aſ hunterſ make without guiding body,hand or horſſe,are EUEFMOFE neſ in riding. tobe avoided, for manie menhaue periſhed from their horſſeſ, aſ the Poetſ witneſſe of Nipheuſ Lencaguſ, Liger, Cloniuſ,Remulnſ, Amjcnſ—And alſo among the Hiſforiographerſ. Agenor, Fulco of Ieru/alem, Phillip,ſon of Ludenienſ Craſſuſking of Erance, and Belaking of Pannonia. E of XKenoplon. he a The honour ofhorſſe— manſhip, Feſtuſſ Suidaſ, The Atheni— an orderſ. Aviſtophaneſ (elinſ Suideſ. IT he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of Horſſe—men, and the orderſ of (Chinalry andKnight—hood. He principal horſſeqmen of the world celebrated in ſtorieſ, for training, ruling, and guiding their horſſeſ according to the art of warre, may for thedignity of Knight—hood (wher withallthey are honoured) and from whom that Equeſtrial order iſ derined, be recited in thiſ place. It iſ manifeſt by 57 pontinuſ thatthe Romaine Equeſtrial order, waſ in the mid— dle betwixt the Senatoutſ andthe common people, for at thefirſt there waſ no difference betwixt Equizeſ and Zudiceſ, for both of them had for a badge, cognifaunce, or note of their honour ,power to weare a ring of gold ,and in the con— ſulſhip of Marewſ Cicera the title waſ turned to Equeſtriall or name of a knight or man at Armeſ,by that meaneſ reconciling himſelſe to the Senate, and affirming that he waſ de— rinedfrom thatorder, and from that time came the Eque/?er ordo,bcing aſ iſ ſaid before the people, and recorded after the people,becauſe of the latter creation thereof : yet had they not their beginning at thiſ time, but onely now they firſtecame into the orderſ of the common—wealth ; for they were called (Celereſ) vnder Roymluſ, of one Celer , who at the command of Romylwſ flew Remuſ,and he waſ made the chief indge of three hundred, They were afterward called F/lexamireſ, eyther becauſe they ſwayed the mindſ of them whomthey indged, or elſe which iſ more probable, becauſe of martialling and inſtrua— ing their horſſeſ for war: afterward becauſe they tooke a great company of horſſe—men, without all aide of foormen, at the citty Try/ſylamſ in Thu/eia,they were called Troſſulai, and Troſſel#, and yet ſome ignorant perſonſ honored with the title of Tro//#/; in remem— brance of that viGory, were aſhamed thereof aſ vnworthy their dignitieſ. They were forbidden to weare purple like aſ were the Senatorſ, and their golden Ring waſ a badge both of peace and war. The maiſter of the horſſe among the Romainſ called by the Greecianſ Aſpparchmſ, and by the Latineſ Magſ/Zer Equitum,waſ a degree of honor next to the DicZator, and Marciuſ the Dickator made the firſt maiſter of horſſe—men, who waſ called Spw7riwſ, and ſet him in place next to himſelfe. Theſe Equeſtrial men or knightſ ofſtate were wont to be publicanſ at the ſeaſt, and it waſ ordained that no man ſhould be called into that order, except both he , hiſ father, and grand—father, were free men, and were worth in value, twenty thouſand pound;ſ Twroz and Tiberinſ made thiſ law, but after ward it grew remiſſe and not obſerued, whereby bothbond menand Scribeſ were rewar— ded with thiſ dignity from the Emper our, for Orationſ and pleaſing ſpeecheſ : yet were the Decurialliudgeſ choſen out of thiſ rank ; for indeed by primary and inſtitution,chey w» 0 were the flower andſeminary of the Roman gentry.Pliny complameth that thiſ dignity 49 which waſ wont to be a reward for military men, who had aduentured their lineſ for the honor oftheir country;waſ now beſtowed corruptly, and for mony vpon meane bribing perſonſ.It ſhould ſeeme they had enuery one a horſſe of honor given to him for hiſnote, for if one of them had grown fat and vnweeldy ,not able to manage and gouern thiſ horſ it waſ taken from him.And Caro took away the horſe from Scipio Aſfaticuſ,be cauſe he had intercepted mony ,& from hence cam the termſ of their allowance ,aſ Equiſ?re #ſ.for that mony which waſ paid for a horſe to one kni. & pararivw 2ſ,for a double feeto anEqueſt— rial man.Among the Athenianſ the higheſ order waſ of them which were cald pPenztacoſic— medimni, whichhadplowd ſomuch land aſ had ſowdan C.buſhelſ of corn,& the next de— gree were their Equiteſ, knightſ,or horfemen ,bccauſe for the defence of their citty ,they were able eucery one to noriſh a horſſe of war.There wer of theſe in ancient time but 6.C. and afterward they were increaſed vnto 1200. and the ſacrificeſ which wer madefor theyr pompſ and triumphſ,were called ZZppadeſ : and they had liberty to noriſh their long haic which waſ forbidden to other men, and their tax to the ſacrifice waſ at the leaſt halfe a ta— lent,(which iſ attheleaſt 300. crownſ) and thiſ ſacrifice waſ made for the health of tl(%cir horſleſ. vr 9 Oſ the ]{Mffi y ' 315 horſſeſ: there were two maiſterſ created ouer theſe, to wage and orderwaty and ren in— feriorgouernourſ or wardenſto look to the provuiſion and'ndriſhing of horſleſ: Among the Lacedemonianſthey had foure gouctnmentſ. The monarchy for the kingſ, the A/7<= Stecratyfor the old men ,che O/ygarchie for theinrEphorior commiſſionerſ, the Dembocratye for their young men; with gonerned, managed, and inſtrucechorſſeſ . Neſtor that anciſ entknight waſ commended for thiſ Skill, and had therefore given him the ritle of Hip— poteſ. 3 13 Among the Chalcidenſianſ therewaſnotarichman but they took him into thiſ ord er.and the Crerianſ likewiſe did enuer highly account hereof, and made it theirt higheſt degree of 10 honor, for euen the Romanſ did ſometimeſ gouern whole proumceſ withno other then theſe, and Egipt had thiſ in peculiar,that no other order,no.not a Senator might be pre— ſident or gouern among them. The Acheanſ had thiſ degre in higheſtimatzlike aſ the Ger manſ their Batam or ſtateſ. The Cittizenſ of Capi/a were andate diſguiſed with a perpetu — ity of thiſ honour, becauſe in the Latineſ war, they didnot reuolt from the Romanſ,and among all other the Gadira7 wermoſthonored herewith, for atone time and for one bat telthey created 400.Thiſtitle hathſpred and adornd it ſelfe with many more degreeſ ,aſ that among the French Cabailar/—and Equiteſawrati, and ſuchaſ areknightſ ofleruſalem and diverſ other, ſome for religion,and ſomefor featſ of armeſ.:whereaſ the Perſianſ v— ſed a certain kind of garment in warre, called MaxAaſ, from hence commeth the knightſ 26 vper garment to be called a mantel, for althe Perſiinſ werehorſſermen. The nobleſthor— ſeſ andſuch aſ coulde run moſtſpeedily andſwiftly were ioyned together in chariotſ for raceſ, courſeſ; ſpectacleſ, gameſ, and combatſ, for great valueſ and prizeſ. Nempe volucrem 3 Sic laudamuſ equume : facili cui pluriena palma Feruet, C exultat rauco vitteria circo. \ bnA Andagaine Owidſaith : Non ego nobiluim venio ſpe&ator eqnorum And Aovrace : _ANee te nobilinum fugiat certamen equorum Primuſ in tertamine. 36 Therewaſ one Anniceriſ a Cyrenian moſt ckilful in thiſ practiſe, and according to the vain humorſ of men, waſ not a little proud heerof, and for hiſ loue to P/are would needſ in the Academy ſhew him and hiſ ſchollerſ hiſ Skill, andtherefore ioyning hiſ horſſeſ and cha— riot togither, made many courſeſ with ſuch an evuen and delineat proportion;that hiſ hor= ſeſand wheeleſ neuer wandered a hair bredth from the circle or placelimited, but alway kepttheſame toad and footſtepſ, whereat every one marneiled : but P/agoreproued the dubble diligence and vaine practiſe of the man, ſaying to him in thiſ manner : It cannot be; that a man which hath travelled and laboured ſo muchrin an att or Skil ofno worthor vſe inthe common wealth, that euer he can addi&hiſ mindto grave, ſeriouſ, :and profi= table buſineſſe, for while he applyeth all hiſ partſ and powerſ of body andſouleto thiſ,he, 40 Iſ the leſſe ableand more vnapt to thoſe thingeſ) which are alone more worthy ofadmi— ration. 4 The ancieat cuſtome waſ to vſe other menſ horſſeſ in thiſ combate, and therefore in the funerall of pPatrocluſ, Home» bri ngethin Mevelauſ wſing the horſſe of Aganiemmnon.There were foure ſeverall placeſ wherein theſe gameſ of horſſeſ and chariotſ were wont to bee , obſcued andkept, and they were called after theſe placeſ, Olympia, Pythin, Nemea, and Iſthmia, ind of all theſe the Olympiadſ werethe cheekfe whereof all ſtorieſ arefull, for they were celebrated in Olympuſ euery fifte yeare incluſiwelic, thatiſ , after the end of euery fourth yeare . t — T RE Writerſ of Chronicleſ do agree that the gameſ of Olpmpaſ werefirſtin{tituted by 59 Herculeſ in the 27 52. yeare of the world, beginning the worlde from Nuahſ flood, and they beginne to recordand number the firſt Olympiad to be about the 3185. yeare ofthſ , world, aboutſeunentcene yeare before the building of Rome. 3 Therewere of theſe Olympiadſ 328. and the laſt of theſe by computation or dccount f;clll aboi/; the yeare of our Lord 5 34. after the birch of Ieſuſ Chriſt, the bleſſed Sauior of the world, —>_ . RQ 3 > Ee a 'The 316 Plag., The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. TheperfeGionoft theſe gameſ began the twenty fine Olympiad, at what time Pagordaſ the Thebamwaſpronounced viſtor : for then were ſwitthorſſeſ broughtinto the gameſ, and were called (Zeleiv?) thatiſ,perfeC inagility and growth: andtheſearecalled by Piz— daruſ (Monampyciſ,) akterwarde came in Synoriſ withtwo horſſeſ, and in ſucceſſionboth Coltſ; Mareſ, and Muleſ itheir courſeſ are thuſ expreſſed by Zirgil/, Ergo animoſ evumgune notabiſ, iEtquiſ exique delor victo, que cloriapalme. > Noune videſ ?cumpracipiticertamine campum to Corripnere, runtque effaſum carcerecurruſ ? | . :© Gum ſpeſ arreidt 2 inneuum : exultantiaque havrit Cordapanor pulſanſ,illiinſtant verberetorto; Et pronſ dant lora : volat viferniduſ axiſ. Jumgue humileſ, iamane elati[ublime videntur Acraper vacuumferri atque aſſurgere in auraſ, ANccmora, net requieſ ut falua nimbuſ arene Tollitur : humeſcunt ſpuniſ,flatuque ſequentum : Tantuſ amor laudum tante eſt viitoriacure., Siv ad bella magiſ ſiudium turmaſque feroceſ : Aut Alphearotiſ prelabi flumina Piſſ, ſ go Et lontſ inluco curruſ agitare volanteſ ; primouſ equilabor eſt animoſ atque arma videre Bellantum lituoſque patitractud, gementen Ferre rotam & {tabulofrenoſ audire ſananteſ And Abrace exprefeth it in thiſ maner: Sunt quoſ curriculo paluorem Olympicunſ Collegiſe innat, metaque farindiſ Ewitata rotiſ palmague nobiliſ Terrarum dominoſ enchat ad deoſ. Women were wont to be excluded from theſe gameſ, vntill Cyriſc4 the daughter of Ar— 35 chidamuſ king of the Spartanſ, firſtof all other women nouriſhed and trained horſſeſ for theſe curtule and Charyot gameſ, and when ſhe brought her horſſeſto O/yp»pwſ,ſhe ob— taind the prize, therfore her horſeſ waſ conſecrated to Zwpitey Olympuſ ,and their figureſ remained in braſſe in hiſ Temple. It iſ alſo ſaid that Echerazeſ a Theſſalian onercame in the O/prpiax gameſ witha Mare greatwith foale: And it iſ alſo reported that Ad/z/adeſ the ſon of Cimon Steſagora (one of the tenne captaineſ of A@henſ) ran away from Piſiſfrateſ the Tyrante , and in the time of hiſ abſence, he waſ twicevictor at Olymp#ſ by foure Mareſ,;the firſt time he beſtowed the glory vpon hiſ cozen Germanp Miltiadeſ, hiſ motherſ brotherſ ſonne,and the ſecondtime betooke it to himſelfe, for which cauſe he waſ ſlaine by the ſonſ of Pi/ſiſratuſ, hiſ Mareſ were alſo buried ouer againſt him, with an inſcription that they had won four gameſ in 0— dympuſ,ſo that it appeared, hee ranne dinerſ timeſand nevuer miſſed viGory. At Athenſ they obſeruedtheſe courſeſ with horſſeſ in honor of Theſewſ, and called the place of the guaning, Hippodromuſ. The Larineſ call it Sr#udin, and Curricalum, and it waſ appointed in ſome plainevalley, . according to the proverbe ; Equuſ am planiciem, in the middeſt whereof waſ a building called(Girenſ) whereon the beholderſ ſtood to looke vpon the paſtime,and there were al— ſoplaceſ to containe the horſſeſ and Chariotſ, tillthey were turned out to run, (called Garcereſyaccording to the verſeſ of Silwſ Sic vhiproſiluit piceo de carcere precepſ $9 Ante ſuoſit vitdtor Equuſ. And Horace alſo Vt cum carteribuſ miſſoſ rapit vngala curruſ Inſtat equiſ auriga ſwoſ vincentibuſ, illum Preteritum temnenſ extremoſinter Enutom. And heereof came the pouerbe (A careeribw ad calcemplignifieng, from the beginning Zf y NG Of the Horſſe. therace to the latter end. 24//Þo»/wſ innented a charior called Harma; and waſ the firſe that ever ran in O@p@ſ with foure horſſeſ in theſame, of whom Virgill writeth thuſ : Primuſ Erichthoniuſ curruſ & quataior auſiſ Iungere Equoſ rapidiſque inſiſtere vitFor. Andfrom hence came thetearme Quad/rigſ for a chariotwithfoure horſleſ. There waſ a chariot in Athenſ drawne by one horſſe, and the gameſthereof werecalled Polempyſterta, LikewiſeatRome in the Conſuall—feaſtſ celebrated for the honour of Neptune; they tan: withhorſſeſ both ioynd andſingle. : i9tH] Therewerelikewiſe gameſ at Rome, called Acguitia, and Equizina , celebrated euery 1 0 yeare, the twelfth of the calenderſ of May , wherein after the horſſeſ they courſed Foxeſ tyedtopeeceſ of wood ſet on fire, thiſ iſ called in Latine alſo, Tarzeamentu»m,,and in Ita0 lian by Scoppa, Hagioftra,and in French Formierim.There iſalſo a playewith horſſeſ for: children cald 77970, firſtinuented by A/cammſ when he beſieged A/ba, & by him broght and taught to the Romaineſ, of which Virg// ſpeaketh,ſaying : DitiG9 ' Incedunt pucr?, pariterque ante ora parentum » Frenatiſ lucent in equiſ , t Cornea binaferunt prafixa haſtiliaferro : Parſ leneſ humero pharctraſ. Treſ equitum numero turma;terviquevagantur 48 Duitoreſ : pueri biſſeni quengue ſecuti. Signum clamore paratiſ Acpytideſ longe dedit, inonnitque flagello, Olli diſcurrere pareſ, atque agiminaterni Diductuſ ſoluere choriſ, rur{uſque vocati Connertere viaſ, infeſtaque tela tulere. JInde alioſ ineunt curſuſ, alioſque recur/uſ Aducrſiſ ſpatijſ alternoſG, orbibuſ orbeſ . Impediunt pugneque cient ſimalacha ſub armgiſ. Et nunc tergafuga nudant — nunt ſpicula vertunt Infenſi:faitapariter nuncpaceferuntur, Huneg morem cur ſuſ , atque hat certamina primuſ Aſcaniuſ, longammuriſ cam cingeret Albam Retulit, &r priſcoſ docuit celebare Latineſ. Hint maximea perro Accepit Roma, &r patrium ſernauit honorem : Trotaque nunc pueri, Troianum dicitur a igmem. Of the greateſt Hor{ſe—maiſterſ, and nouriſherſ £1 } of Herſle. 39 T iſ reported of King Salomon , that he bad forty thouſand ſta— bleſ of horſſeſ, for chariotſ, and twelue thouſand for warre. The Lybianſ when they went to warre, did fight out of their chariotſ, and therefore they wereſaid to fight vpon two hor — ſeſ. The Centanreſ werethe firſtthat enuer taught men to fight on horſſe—back, and the Roman Twrzia conſiſted of two and thirty horſſe—men, ithe Captaine whereof waſ. called Becwriſ. The people of Nomadeſ called Suygaty , brought eight thou— ſand horſſemen at one time into the field, which neither vſed tp aArmor,nor brafſe, nor yron, except only their daggerſ, and a rope of leather thonch, wherewithall they entred the battaile, and ioyning with their enemie, they made certain ginncs, orloopeſ thereupon, which they caſt vpon the neckſ of horſſeſ and men, and ſo with multitudeſ drew them vnto them, in which draught they ſtrangled them, The Indianſ vſe the very ſelſeſame Armour on horſſe—backe that they do on foot,but yetthey lead empty horſſeſ and chariotſ to leape vp and down vpon;and to refreſh their r ECS .3 fighting S—ZUI e ffiſi@} Dign. Alexander. The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. fightinghorſſeſ, and the aumber of their horle—men wereat one'time, foureſcorethou— ſand. When pharnucheſ the Arabian, waſ riding on horſſe—backe, there waſ a Dogge ran betwixt hiſ horſleſ leggeſ, wherewithall the horſe being amazed, ſi}ddaincly leapedvp— right, and caſt off hiſRider, who being broſed withthe fall, fell. into a conſumption : whereupon the Seruanteſ at the commaundement of their Maxſtcr, brought theſaide horſeinto the place wherehe caſt hiſ Rider,and there cut off hiſ leggeſ abouc thekneeſ. There waſ alſo afaſhion for horſſeſ to fightin battaileſ without bridleſ : For F@/uiwſ Flac— cuſywhenthe Ropmineſ ouerthrew the Celtiberianſ in Spaine, cauſedthem to pull off their bridleſ from their horſſeſ, that ſo they might runne with alb voilence, without reſtraint ofRiderſvpon theirenemieſ; whereuponfollowed victory : formany timeſit falleth out that the horſſe hath more courage then hiſ Rider, wherefore a good horſe—man muſt haue Skill to annioy hiſ enemic, and defend himſelfe; andlikewiſe, to make hiſ horſſadto come off and on without feare or dread,accordingto neceſſity. There iſ a prouerbe in Greeke, (Char/ſ hippeiſ)that iſ, (Seorſi equiteſ) the horſſemen are aſſunder, whereof Su/deſ giueth thiſ reaſon : when Dagyſ inuaded the territory efthe Athenianſ ranging and deſtroying at hiſ pleaſure, no man daring to abide hiſ forceſ,, at hiſ depatture, the Zowjanſ climed vp into treeſ, and ſignified vato the Athenianſ, that the horſſemen had broken ranke and were aſſunder. Whereupon Miltiadeſ ſet vpon the ſca— tered company , and obtained a noble victory. Of fighting in warre vpon Horſſeſ. ——» He moſt cruelland fearefullkind offight, iſ the arming of \|I horſſeſ, which were called in auncient time CarafracZi, and || clibanariy , and Acatafradti, and Ferentariſ , fighting firſt of ) all withſpeare ,and afterwardeſ with ſword and ſhielde, ca— ſting ſometimeſalſo Darteſ at one another, and bearing boweſ to ſhootarroweſ, their horſſeſ making roome for them, which way ſocuer they went : for with ſharpe pikeſ and other crooked—keene—cutting—inſtrumentſ, faſtened to their armour or Chariot—wheeleſ, in the violence of their courſe, they wounded,killed, ouer—turned, or cut aſſunder whatſocuer fleſh came in their reach. The auncient horſſe—men of the Romaineſ had no breſt—plateſ, (aſ Polibiuſ affirmeth) and therefore they werenaked in their fore.partſ, prouiding for the datinger that waſ be— hind them, and defending their breaſtſ by their owne celerity :their ſhieldeſ were made of Oxe ſkinneſ plighted and paſted togither, being a little round in compaſſe like the fa— ſhion of a manſ belly. There waſ alſo great vſe of ſwift horſſeſ in Warre, for the Romaine ſouldiorſ caryed with them ewohorſſeſ a peece, being taught and exerciſed like Indianſ, when they had neede to flie, to leape vpon their empty horſſe, for the ſparing of their other : and they were therefore called Apppiphz, being apt to carry their maiſterſ out of danger,and from hence (Aelianuſſaith)theRomaineſtooke the patterne of their Phalanx, (called Anzifte— muſ) which they vſed toterrific the Barbarianſ, ſetting theirhorſeſ in a doubblefront, ſo aſ they appeared headed both waiceſ : and thiſ waſ alſo the cuſtome of al the Germaineſ, when the number of their horſſe—men waſ not equall, they mingled theſoot—men, with their light horſeſ, who being experienced to runne ſuddainely with the horſe—men, lea— 20 30 40 ped into the battaile, and ſurprized the enemicſ flying away :and the ſame faſhion did 59 the Spanriardſ alſo vſe (Strabo ſaithyf or the terrifieng of their enemieſ, making the foot men to fallinto the battellamong the horſe—men. Thoſe which didſhoot Dartſon horſebacke, were called ZTpporoxatize, and therefore Ariſtophaneſ in hiſ diſcourſe of byrdſ, calleth Hawkeſ by that namefor the reſemblance betwixt them and horſeſ, bearing theſe Riderſ. The hawkeſ are ſo called in the ſwfi'cneſi Qf their Of the Horſſe. . 3ÞÞ their courſe; & becauſe the talantſ of the Hauke are crooked like boweſ.. AZ#az2ſ writeth that the horſe—men of Alexander carried ſpeareſ in their handeſ,fourteene cubitſ long 3 — whereunto Icannot conſent, for eight eubitſ iſ a common ſize, aſ much aſ any Souldier ® onhorſe—backe iſ able to vſe. 4 ſ In battaile there are wingſ of Horſe—men, which are ſoculled, becauſe like Wingſ they couer and protect the Army. And there were alſo Legionary Horſe—men, becauſe ſithcy were ioyned to the Legionſ of Souldierſ, and the company of Elephantſ;Foot—men,and Horſſe—men which were wont to goe before the King, were called Agem@. A company of Horſſeſ ſetlike a Tower in a Quadrangular forme in a fielde,, waſ called (Pergny: . The ro Armour of Horſſeſ on hiſ front or fore—part,iſ called (Promergpidia) vpon the eareſ (Paro— #iay vpon the cheekeſ (Paria) vpon the brefſt (Proſlerzidra) vpon the ſideſ Cparapleuriaia) vponctthe loineſ (Parameridia,) vpon the Leggeſ (Paracuemidia.) Andthetimeof arming a Horſſe iſ knowne of euery Souldier. urod Oſ' YQding. He Meadeſ, perſranſ, and Armenianſ, werethe firſtthat in— //l uented the art of riding and ſhooting, (aſ Strabſ ſaith,) Pauſaniaſ cald Neptune Hippeoſ for no othier canſe,but that | it waſ ſuppoſed he waſ the firſt innented the art of riding. Pollidoruſ aſcribeth it to Bellerophon. Lyſiaſ the Orator ſai— fl eth that the Aamazonian Women were the firſtof all mor— tall creatureſ that firſt aduentured to backe Horſſeſ. O+ therſ aſcribe it to the Cepzauzeſ — But to leaue theinuenti— on, and come to the Art. Dawiſ in the life of Apollonimſ, . ſettethdowne the ſum of the Art of riding, which briefely ſ Horſſe, to rule him valiantly, to turne him with the bridle which way {ocuer he pleaſeth, to beate him when hee iſ ſtubborne, to anoydeDitcheſ, 30 Gulfeſ, and Whyrpooleſ when he rideth through Waterſ; going vp ahill, to lengthen the raineſ, and to reſtraine and drawthem in going down the hill 5; now and then to ſtroke hiſ haire, and not alwaieſ to vſe ſtripeſ. t 1 Martial hathan excellentEpigrame vppon one Priſew a raſh—headed—bunter, who nei— therfeared Hedgeſ, Hilſ, Daleſ, Ditcheſ, Rockeſ, Rivierſ, nor other perilſ ; vſing a bridle to hiſ Horſſe but none to hiſ affectionſ, and thereforehe telleth himy that he may ſooner break a Hunterſ necke, then take away a Hareſ life : for ther are deceitſ in therockſ ;hilſ, and plaine fieldeſ, to ſhake the rider from horſebacke to the earth, Thuſ followeth the Epigram. Parciuſ vtariſ inoneo rapiente veredo 35 Priſce, nec in leopereſ tam vidlentuſ eaſ. Sape {atiſfecit prada venator,C acri Decidit excuſſuſ necredituruſ equo. O o Inſidiaſ &r campuſ habet : nec fuſſa, nee agger; Nec ſrot ſaxalicet, fallere plana (olent, Non deerunt qui tantatib1 ſpeitaculapraſtent : Innidia fatiſed leniore cadunt . Site deleitant animoſa pericula, Thuſciſ Tutior eſt virtuſ ) inſidiemur apriſ . Quidtefrenainnant temeraria ? Sepiuſilliſ Priſce datum eſt equitem rumpere, quam leporem. c The beſt place for riding, iſ a barren and plaine Country. Itiſ reported of Clandiuſ, that when he had roadea great way in the Country vponhiſ enemieſ aad met no body, here— turned backe againe into hiſ owne Campe,and blamedtheſluggiſhneſſe of hiſ enemiceſ, becauſe no oneof them waſ ſeene abroad. It iſ reported by A7/#or/e, that the further a mantideth, themoreapthee ſhall be Zo !— weepeſ; 59 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. weepe; and the reaſon iſ, becauſe of all the motionſ of the body ,viding iſ the whoiſomeſt, bothfor the ſtomach, and for the hippeſ ; for a man muſtnot ſit on horſebacke, aſ if hee were carried in a coach 5 but rather keepe hiſ backe—bone vpright,not onely to be moued by hiſ Horſſe that beareth him ,, but alſo by himſelfeſ and therefore hee muſt ſitcloſeto the Horſſeſ hipſ, extending hiſ Lteggeſ to the vttermoſt, vſing not onely hiſ eieſ to looke before him, butalſo liſting vp hiſ neck to help hiſſight : for ſo the ſoft pace of the Horſſe dothcorroboratethe ſpirit aboue al other exerciſeſ ; likewiſe, the body and ſtomack; al— ſo itpurgeth the ſenſeſ, and maketh them ſharp : yer ſometimeſby the violent courſe of a Horſſe, the breaſt of a man,or ſome other partabout the raineſ recernue damage,(aſ ſome haue obſerued : y yetiſ it not ſo much to be aſcribed to the motion of riding, aſ to the vn— caſie pace, or rather to the vneaſie ſeat of the rider. The Seyrthiinſaboueallother Nationſ haue the looſeſt and broadeſt bodieſ ; and the reaſon iſ, becauſe they wrap not their children in ſwadling cloatheſ aſ other people, and likewiſe becauſe they have no regard vnto their ſitting vpon horſeback,and laſtly for their continual ſloathand eaſie : for the men vſe much to ride in Chariotſ, and Litterſ, before they get on horſebacke, butafter they are accuſtomed thereunto they rideſo much, that their hipſ and boneſ fal ful of ache, and they are alſo thereby made vnfit for generation, becauſe in 2iourney of an hundred Mileſ they neuer light to eaſe themſelueſ and their beaſkeſ. Theſe men hereafter named , were cxcellent riderſ & tamerſ of Horſſeſ. Axtomedop,ſer— uant of Achilleſ,/dewſ,ſeruant to Paraimeuſ; Metiſeuſ ſexuant to Turmemſ; Myrtiluſ ſeruant to Oenomanſ 5 Cebereſ ſexnant to Dariuſ ; Apmiceriſ, ſetuant to Cyrenenſ ; Picuſ to Meſapuſ ; and ZLawſwuſ SiliuſxemembrethCyrmmſ, Durinſ, Atlaſ,and Iberuſ. T heinſtrumentſ of ;Z{i_ffl]ſſctlctſlg appertaining to a OilGc. Good rider muſt conſider the hardneſſe or ſoftneſſe ofhiſ Horſſeſ mouth, that ſo hee may temper hiſ bit; for a ſtifke necked horſſe, iſ not ſo much to be guided by rod and Sput, aſ by bit, and bridle : wherefore it mu ſtſometime be hard,& ſometimeſ gentle. The hard bitſ are called Zep4#, becauſe they are vnequal, and indented like to a wolueſ teeth, where— vnto the Horſſe being accuſtomed,groweth more traGable and obedientto a gentle bit.. According tothe ſaying of Ounid : Tempore pareot equuſ, lentiſ ,animoſiſ habeniſ o riimii —+___ Etplacidoduroſ, accipit ore lupoſ. AndPirgill againe ſpeakethto like effect : pree/?/que negabunt Verbera lenta pati, &y duriſ parere lupatiſ Aſper equuſ , duriſ contunditur ,ora lupatiſ. And Silinſſaith : Quadrupedem fleitit, non tedenſ virga lupatiſ. There iſ alſo another inſtrument made of yron or Wood (called Paſſomiſ) and engliſhed (Barnacleſ)which iſ to be put vpon the horſſeſ Noſe, to reſtraine hiſ tenatiouſ fury from biting, and kicking , eſpecially at ſuch time ;,aſ he iſ to be ſhod or dreſſed. The Indianſ wer wont to vieno bridleſ, like the Greecianſ and Celtſ, but only put vpon their horſeſ mouth a piece of a raw Oxe ſkin faſtened round about, containing in it certaine yron prickſ ſtan— ding to the Horſſeſ lipſ, putting a long a round trench through hiſ mouth, to the edge whereofthey faſten the raineſ, wherewithall they guide the beaſt. The TurkiſhHorſſeſ, ——c"— 2 and Spaniſh Iennetſ haue bitſ , with open circleſin the middle, conſiſting of leather, or I— 5 ron,to reſtraine the Horſſeſ fury. The raineſ are (called Zabez@e) becauſe they make the horſſeſ, Zabeleſ, that iſ, traQable, and rulable, to be turned, reſtrained, or put forward, atour pleaſure, according to the ſaying of Cilivſ 5 & Ferrato calce, atque effuſa, larguſ habena, y Cuwunitantem impellebat equum. And Pirgill: TIpſe ter aduita,cireum caput egit habena. Nei— ve wo 9 0 40 0 Of the Horſſe. Neither iſ thereany Horſſe, ſwift; or ſlow, noble, or vanoble;that can be guided without. theſe , which muſt be held continually in the hand of the rider, they muſtnot be vnequal, one longer then another, neither thicke, neither weake, nor brickle. There waſ a certaine Golden chaine (called Ap/x) wherewichallthefore—topſ of Hor— ſeſ were wont to beebound or tyed .vp, and thereupon ZZomer calleth the Horſſe of. Marity (Cryſampix)yand from hence came that cuſtome of womenſfrontletſ, to beadorned with gold and pretiouſ ſtoneſ. Thereare alſo other ornamentſof Horſeſ called trappingſ,and in Latine (Phalere) derined from Phaloy in Greeke, lignifying bright, becauſe they were wont to put a great deale of Gold and Siluer on them ,(aſ LZiwimſ ſaith) which Horſſeſ ſo ro trapped, were preſentſ for great Princeſ : And there iſ a kind of Achazeſ ſtone, wherwith— all the Indianſ do adorne their Horſſetrappingſ : and it waſ apparent in Homerſ time;that they vſedlitrle Belſ, or ſounding pieceſ of Brafſe to beefaſtened to theit horſſeſ bridleſ and trappingſ ; they hanged likewiſe Iewelſ, and pearleſ to the breaſt of their Horſſeſ, which//rgillexpreſſeth in thiſ manner: } : Inſtratroſ oftro alipdeſ, pictiſque tapet iſ AureapetToribuſ, demiſfe monilia pendent . . Toeti auro, fulum mandunt , ſub dentibuſ aurum. i A good horſe—man muſtalſo haue a paring knife, wherewithall to purge and open hiſ Horſſeſ feet ; thiſ iſ called by Ry//wſ (Roſ/mera) and by otherſ Scalprum. There iſ a kind of 20 Manicle for the paſterneſ of Horſſeſ,(called Nyzmellſ .yMoreouer a good rider muſtpro— uidehim ſtirropſ,(called Swb/ellareſ and Staphe) which although it bee but a new deuiſe; yetarethey ſo neceſſary ſfor enuery Ryder,» aſ without them they cannor long continue. They muſt not be made to ſtraight for the foot, becauſe that then they doe not onley hin— der motion in that part, and ſo make it benummed and colde, but alſo give occaſion of great hurt to the Ryder in caſetheHorſſe fall, except he canſo temper himſelfe to put but a very little part of hiſfoote therein. Therearealſo Spurſrequiſit to a Rider (called Calraria) becauſe they are faſtenedto the heele of a man, wherewithall he pricketh hiſ dull Horſſe when he would haue him ha— ſten the iourney 5 and the Greekeſ derineit from Mvapſ, ſignifieng a pricking fiyc, from . 0 Imitation of which creature it may ſeeme they tooke thiſ inuention: butthiſmuſtbeere— membred, that they are prepared for the dulland ſluggiſh Horſſe, and not for thefree andfulloflife ; for ſuch a Horſſebeing pricked therwith;runneth forth rather with rage & *; difſdaine then for loue ofthe iourney, and many timeſ the torment thereof maketh him by kicking out of hiſ heeleſ to caſt off hiſ rider. Laſtly, he muſt haue regard to hiſ Saddle, whereon hee muſt ſit : for the Barbarianſ did vſeto ride vpon bare Horſſeſbackeſ, but ſince thattime, the wiſer ſort of horſe—men haue inuented a ſeate for their owne ſecurity. Mſz#/a/Zwritethheereof thuſ : / Stragula ſuceincti, venatur ſume veredi, Nam ſolet a nudo, ſurgere fienſ equo. 40 — Of bunting Horſſeſ. Vnting Horſſeſ becauſe of their ſwiftneſſe, were wont to be ealled (Veridiyaccording to the ſaying : Swnt er veridi,curſuperniceſ ; Al— thoughthey vſe thiſ kind alſo for poſtſ, and performance of ſpec— dy iournieſ. The maleſ are much better then the femaleſ,andther— forethey ſeldome vſeMareſ in hunting, becauſe they are not'ſo < wellabletoleape, or endure the woodeſ, for which cauſe Gratinſ WWAſ writethin thiſ manner of them ; I Reſtat equoſ finire notiſ , quoſ arma Diane Admittant : non eomne meaſ genuſ audet in arteſ Eſt vitium ex animo : ſunt quoſ imbelliafallant : Corpora : prenenienſ quondam eſt incommodaviyzthſ. Oppianuſ in hiſ difcourſe of hunting horſſeſ, (aſ wee haue ſaidalready) aduiſeth to 21:13_1;_: choi t 'ſ Hſſ Z21 32%% The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. choiſe of them by the colour, vnto whom Gratinſ conſenterhſaying : : Venantimeliuſ pugnant color , optima nigrr. | t They that are of blewiſh colour, hauing variable ſpotted Legſ (heſaichy are fitteſt to hunt Hartſ :they thavare ofa bright gray ,to hunt Bearſ, and Leopardſ; theythatare bay,or of a readiſh colout, to hunttheBoarſ; they that are blacke, hauing glazen eyeſ, are good againſtLyonſ—:and thuſ much for the bunting Horſſeſ. Of courſerſ or ſwift light running Horſſeſ. 18 Fter the vie of Wagonſ, and Chariotſ, which men had in— uentedfor their eaſe in traucl,& gtowing to bee weary ther— ofoby reaſon of many diſcommoditieſ,they came alſo to the vſie of ſingle Horſſeſ, which therefore they called courſerſ, andnow a daieſ a Horſle for. Saddle, whereupon men per. forme their iournieſ; and the Poetſ ſay the inuenter heerof, waſ Belerophon the Son of Neptunre, to whom hiſ father gaue Pegaſuſ the fiying Horſle,which therforethey deſcribe with wingeſ, and place for a ſtar in heanen likean Angell,becanſe ,, — — ofhiſ incredible celerity:otherſ attribute it to theinucntion of Seſoſixiſ, otherwiſe called Seſoncheſiſ; aK.. ofEgypt, ſometo Orwſ, when he waged war againſthiſ brother Zjphox 5 For theſe horſſeſ;are no leſſe profitable in war,then in peace, although none vſe them in theſe daieſ, but common Souldierſ, yetin auncient time the greateſtnobleſ rode Vpon them. The Emperor Probm had one of theſeHorſſeſ, which waſ nothing comely nor very highe, yet would he endure ordinary iournieſ;to run a hun— dred milea day , whereupon hiſ maiſter waſ wont toſay merily ,that hee waſ better for a flying, then a fighting Souldier. The Horſſeſ of Spaine are of thiſ kinde, which they call Tennetſ, of Gemzbmſ theyr kneeſ,becauſe when the rider iſ on their backſ, he muſt hold hiſ knceſ cloſe to the Saddle and ſideſ, for hiſ better eaſe. Like vnto theſe are the Barbary 30 Horſſeſ, whom they geld, to keepe themfrom the hardneſſe of the Nerueſ, which happe— neth vnto them in their heatcandtraucll, There are a kinde of Horſſeſ called Lycoſpacleſ, and the reaſon of thiſ name iſ, aſ ſome ſay 5 becauſe when they were Foaleſ, they eſcaped theteeth of Wolueſ, being ſet on by them ; and therefore they run the more ſpeedily to their dying day , for the woundſ of Wolueſ makeſ a Horſſe light—footed ; but thiſ iſ not likely, for feare cannot put that into them which iſ not bredofnature, cuen aſ we ſay ,that Viifſeſ by auoy ding Circeſ cup,, or Cyelopſ, waſ therfore made wiſe, but rather on the con— trary, becauſe he waſ wiſe,therefore heedidauoide Cirerſ cup ; ſo likewiſe wee ſay,that theſe Horſleſ are not lighter of foot, nor fuller of courage,becauſethey were ſet vpon by Wolueſ, and delinered by feare, but becauſe nature hath framed them, nimble, valiant, 40 and couragiouſ; therefore they did auoide the Wolfe. Adlianuſ alſo ſaith that theſe Horſſeſ, had a wonderfull knowledge, andſagacity, to diſcerne betwixt Graecianſ and other nationſ; for when a Greecian came vnto them, they loued them;ſtood ſtil, and tooke meat at their handſ, but if a Barbarian, or ſtranger came viito; them;they diſcerned them by theirnoſe, aſ a dog doththe ſoot-ſtcps of ; aſibcafl-,liſ— ting vp their voice, they ranne aſ faſtaway from themaaſ they would ſrom any rauening beaſt. Theſelonednot onely their familiarſ, but abone all other thingſ, to be neate, fine, and cleanely in: Chariotſ :For if atany time they came through water, drawing of a Cha— riorthey tooke a pride in clenſing themſelueſ from alldurte and filthineſſe cleaning co their legſ or face. And that which iſ more ſtrange, they were vawilling in race, to be ſtai— 50 ed or taken out the rof,aſ appeared by thiſ ſtory,,related by FeſZwſ.There iſ ſaith he inRom a great gare called Razymena, which tooke hiſ name from the deathof a young man, an Hetrurian,whoe periſhed there in a race of chariotſ,being congueror.becauſe hiſ horſeſ would not ſtay vntillthey cameinto theCapitoll, and ſawthe ?'ramcd eapthen Chariotſ whichwereplaced in the porch of 2epiterſ Temple by the Romanſ, and were appointedto be faſhi— Of the Horſe. 323 faſhioned in earth by thehand of a cunning porter, the which being wroughtin earth," and put into the furnace, they grew ſo great that they could not bee taken out whole 5 at the ſight of theſe, the Horſſeſ of Raremewſ ſtood ſtil, but firſtof al, their maiſter waſ ſlain in the courſe by falling off. y ® The horſleſ of Turzaria are ſo incredibly ſwift, that they will goe twentye Germaine mileſ in one day . There waſ a race of Horſſeſ at Venzee(called Lupiferey which were exceec— ding ſwift, and the common fame iſ, that they came vpon thiſ occaſion. There waſ a cer— taine merry fellow which would become ſurety for euery man, for which hee waſ com— monly Ieſted at in the whole Citty. Itfortuned on a day, aſ he trauailed abroade in the 10 Woodeſ, that he met with certaine hunterſ that had taken a Wolfe, they ſeeing him aſ— ked him merrily if he would be ſurety for the Wolfe, and make good all hiſ da mageſ that he had doneto their flockſ, and Evaleſ, who inſtantly confeſſed hee would vndertake for the Wolfe, if they would fet him at liberty, the hunterſ tooke hiſ word, and gave the Wolfe hiſ life, whercupon he departed without thankeſ to the hunterſ. Afterward in remembrance of thiſ good turne, he brought to the houſe of hiſ ſurety agreat company of Mareſ without marke or brand, which he received, and brandedthern with the image of a Wolfe, and they weretherfore called (Zapifere) from whom deſcen— ded that gallant race of ſwift horſſeſ among the yexer/: vppon theſe ride the poſteſ,carty= ing the letterſ ofkingſ and Emperorſ to the appointed placeſ, and theſeare ſaid to refuſe 20 copulation with any other Horſſeſ that are not oftheir owne kind and linage. The Perſian horfſeſ are alſo exceeding ſwift, which indeedc haue given name vnto all otherſ. The meſſengerſ of the great Caw King of Tartaria, haue their poſteſ ſo appoin— ted at euery fiue and twenty mileſ end, of thefe running lighthorſſeſ , that they ride vpon them, two or three hundred mileſ a day 5 And the Pega/ivian courſerſ of France, by the like change of horſſeſ ,cun from Lyonſ to Rome in ſine or fixe daiceſ. The Epethitſ of aſwifte running corſer are theſe, winged or wing—bearing, Larke— footed, breathing, ſpeedy,light, ſtirred, couetouſ of race, flying, ſweating, not ſlow, viGoriouſ, raſh, violent, and Pega/eaz. Virgill alſo deſcribetha ſwiſt andſluggiſh horſſe moſt excellently in theſe verſeſ;ſending one of them to the Ring, and victory of running, 30 without reſpe& of Countrey or foode, they are to be praiſed for enriching hiſ maiſter, and the other for hiſ dulneſſe to the mill, the verſeſ are theſe following, Nempe volucrem. Sic landamuſ equum, facilicui plurimapalma Fernet, &y exultat vanco vidtoriacirce, Nobiliſ hic quecungue venit,degramine cuinſ Clara fuga ante alioſ, & primuſ in equore puluiſ Sed venale pecuſ Coritha,poſteritaſ &» Hirpini, ſi rara,iugo vidtoria ſedit, Nil t1b1 maiorum reſpeciuſ , gratia nulla 49 Vembrarum , dominoſ pretiſſ mutare inbentur Exiguiſ, tritoque tralbunt Epivhedia collo. Sequipedeſ, dignique malam verſare Nepotiſ. One of theſe ſwiftlight horſſeſ iſ not to be admitted to race or courfe ynril hebe paſt three yeare old, and then may he be ſafely brought to the ring and put to the ftretching of hiſ legſ ina compoſed or violent pace aſ Pirgill ſaith: Carperemox gyrum inicipiat gradibuſque ſonare. Compoſitiſ, ſinuet que alterna voluminacrurum. Pliny affirmeth that if theteethof Wolueſ be tyed to theſe horſſeſ it wil make them never to gine ouer in race, and when the Sarmatianſ were to takelong iournicſ, the day before © they gaue their horſſeſ very little drinke and no meat atal, and ſo would they ride them an hundred and fiſty mileſ out right. The Arabianſ alſo in many regionſ vſe to ride vpon Mareſ, vpon whom they perform greatiournieſ, and King Dayiuſ did alſo fight hiſ batraileſ vpon Mareſ W_hlch had—doaleſ; Farromantſ, for if at any time their affaireſ went to wrack & they in danger ,the Mareſ in remembrance of their foaleſ at home would carry them away more ſpeedily then any other horſſe, and theſ muchfor thelight or ſwiſt horſſeſ. 224 Grapaldm. (Camerayinſ ((ameraritſ, Leninſ Feſtuſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of the Gelding. 9 Hey haue vſed to lib their Horſſeſ an d take away their ſtoneſ, and ſuch an one iſ caled in Latine Conter/#ſ or Camtheriuſ ,which iſ de— rived of Cawzerinm becauſe they were ſeared with whot ironſ, or elſe from the ſtronger bougheſ or brancheſ of Vineſ ſo called be— cauſe they were pruned. In Freach Chenal Ogre, Cantier , Chenron, aweſ and 5 opp4 dothinterpretthe Spaniſh Janetto to be a Gelding. Itiſ rC BpetrARE ſaid of Cato Cenſorinſ that he waſ cartied and rode vpon a Gelding, and of theſe the TurkiſhHorſſeſ receine the greateſt commendationſ. Foraſmuch aſ many Horſſeſ by their ſeede and ſtoneſare made very fierce,truculenty and vnruly , by taking away ofthem,they are made ſcruiccaþlc and quict which before yealded vato man very little profit : and thiſ inuention may ſeeme firſt of allto be taken from them which fed diverſ togcthcr in one heard, being taught the intollerablerage of their ſtoned Horſſeſ towardſ their Colleagueſ and guideſ ; for abating wherof they tooke from them their male—partſ. Ofthe manner heereof you may reade plentifully in REuſiuſ, and hee affirmeththat the Scythianſ and Sarmatianſ , who keepe all their Horſſeſ in heardeſ, were the firſt deuiſerſ thereof :Fortheſe people viing to robbe and fortrage, were many timeſ by the neighing oftheir vnruly Horſſeſ diſcouered; for their property iſ to neigh not on ely at Mareſ,þbut alſoat enery ſtranger that they ſee or winde, andfor Maleſthey were ſo head ſtrong that they would diverſ time cary aWaY theryder perforce and againſthiſ will to hiſ owne de— ſtrudion, in the rage of their nawwrall luſk. If they be gelded vnder their damſ when they ſucke, it iſ reported by ſome,that from ſuch their teeth nener fal away , and beſide in the heate of their courſe their nerueſ arenot hardened, for which cauſe they are the beſt of all to run withall. They vſeto geld them in March in the beginning of the ſpring, afterward being well nouriſhed they are no leſſe ſtrong.able and couragiouſ then other vnlibbed.alſo there iſ a pretty prouerbe Capzheriuſ in Foſſ, a Gelding in a Ditch,which iſ then to be vſed,when a man vndertaketh a buſineſ which he iſ not able to manage,for a Horſſe can do muchin a plaine, but nothing at al in a Ditch. It iſ reported that Zube/linſ, Tawrea,and C_Aſſelliuſ, fought a combate on Horſe—backeneare the Citty ( Gapu@,) and when one had prouoked anotheragood while in the plaine fieldeſ , Tamze4 deſcended into a hollow way,telling hiſ fellow combatant, that excepthe came downe vnto him.it would beafight of Horſſeſand notof Horſe—men ; Whereunto A/ſ/ellwſ yealded and came downe into theDicch : at whom hiſ aduerſary ieſted, aſking bim ifhe did notknow that a Gelding cold do nothing in a ditch;, fromwhence came thecommon proucrbe aforeſaid. There iſ alſo another prouerbe (Antheniuſ in pPorta.) A Gelding in the gate,;to ſignifiea aman who after he had vndertaken the performance of ſome great exploit,hiſ hart faileth in the very enterance, for it iſ reported of one (Swlpeciaſ Galbay who riding out ofthe Cit— ty ,hiſ horſe tyred in the gate. There iſ likewiſe another adage in Plauty: which iſ thiſ : Czezre her maulier cantherinoritt aſtanſ {omuniat. That iſ to ſay, thiſ Woman ſleepeſ ſtanding like a new dreſſed Horſſe, and iſ appliedagainſt them which in a kind of fooliſh iefture ſhut their eieſ when they talke or worke :and thuſ muchfor the Gelding. Of carriering Horſſeſ for pompe or Triumpbe. FI Henature of theſe Horſſeſ iſ to lift vp themſelueſ and riſebefore, ſtanding vpon their hinder Leggeſ, which iſ not poſſiblefor any to doe without 2 )\| generouſ and gallant ſpirit, aad alſo nimble and ſtrong loineſ to beare vp SND the hinder Leggeſ, for it iſ not aſ many ſuppoſe that thiſ power of riſing 5 before from the ſofineſſe of hiſ Leggeſ, but rather from hiſ loineſ and hipſ; ve 0 to 9 0 we 40 Of the Horſſe. 325 hipſ betwixt hiſ hinder Legſ,for when hiſ mouth iſ a little checked with thebridle he pre— ſently bendethhiſ hinder paſternſ and Ancleſ, and ſo lifteth vp hiſ fore partſ, thathiſ bel— ly and yard doc appeare, andin doing heerofthe rider muſtnor beare hiſ hand hard,but giuehimthe bridle, that ſo he may doeit willingly—and with greater grace of the behold— derſ; f There are ſome which teach Horſſeſ to lift vp themſelueſ by knocking their paſterneſ with a rod, which the Horſſe vnderſtandeth aſ wel aſ he doth hiſ race, whenhee iſ ſtroke on the back by the rider. And in teaching of a Horſe thiſ feat, itmuſtbeobſernued, that he never haue reſt vntil he haue learned it, and that at certain ſigneſ and tokenſ, he be taught , ro of hiſ owneaccord to performe diverſ and ſundry ieſtureſ : but if after long fiding and Kevopleen. copiouſ labor,hebegin to vnderſtand hiſ maiſterſ pleaſure,andriſe twice or thrice toge= ther, then you may give him the raineſ,nothing doubting but thathee vnderſtandethand wilbe obedient to the pleaſure of the rider. And in thiſ kind he iſ acounted the beſtcaree— ring Horſe, which wil riſe high & oftneſt together ; neither iſ there any quality ſo comen— dable in a Horſeaſ thiſ, or that ſo draweth and (aſ it wereyſo impriſoneththe cieſ of old & young, and other beholderſ, for which cauſe Marſhall Horſſeſ for ſeruice of war, are to : be inſtructed herein 5 And thuſ much for thiſ Horſe. Of load or Pack horſfeſ. Rec o e—| Here they kecpHorſſeſ in heardſ and flockſ ,they haue ſome which are 5) '577(5 ZI\ not fit for the ſaddle,nor for the warſ, and chcrcerc aretobe employed Yſſ 4? /5 for the carring of burthenſ,;or to the cart;althogh(aſ Feſ?wſ ſaith)y muleſ 2 VA VPS|| were firſtvſed for carrying and draught ; but for aſ much aſ all Nationſ 3 W have not Muleſ, they are therfore inforced to vſe Horſſeſ,and for thiſ - — purpoſethe Geldmgſare much better then the ſtoned Horſſeſ ; wher — fore the countrymen of moſt nationſ take Horſleſ, for thiſ purpoſe,after they beold,paſt breeding; or haue ſome other blemiſh in winde or lim , wherby they are diſabled to trauell vnder a man:for ſo great iſ the greedineſ of our age,that horſſeſare not ſpared ſo long aſ — 39 they be able to line ;according to the common pronuerbe (AſſGiniſ equiſ Muliſ ferik nulle) Horſſeſ, Muleſ, and Aſſeſ, keepe no hollidaieſ : where the law of God concerning the Sa— both iſnot obſerued ; for the nouriſhing of horſſeſ doth counteruaile the chargeſ. A— mong theſe may be remembred thoſelittle Nagſ called H/p»; & Ginniſpoken of already in the diſcorſe of Aſſeſ, wherof ſom are generated betwixt a Horſe and an Aſſe,and otherſ fal to be very little, through ſome ſickneſſe which happeneth vnto them in their damſ bel— ly :theſe are vſed with ſhorne maneſ according to the ſaying of Propertinſ: huc mea deton— Sfiſ aucta eſt cynthia manuiſ. They ate vſed for pleaſure,to carry the youngſonneſ of noble men and Gentlemen. There are alſo horſſeſ called(Equifunaleſ ,becauſe in their triumphſ they were led with a halter nextafter the triumph. ) 0 Of wilde Horſſeſ, the Sea—horſe, and the Hart—horſe ——_(called @ppellaphuſ.) 20 N the daieſ of Gordianuſ there were brought to Rome forty wildeHorſſeſ, and in the map of Gordianuſ wood, there were pictured three hundred. They are called in Latine Equferi, and in Greck Zppagro7,they abound in Spain,& in the Alpeſ, and in the deſertſ of Aczhiopia there are many of them, which haue twolong venomouſ teeth ſtanding out of their mouth: they differ alſo in their hoofeſ fromother Horſeſ, for they are cloten—footed like Hartſ, and they have a long mane growing allalong their backeto their taile : And if at any time the inha— Oppiamſ habitantſ take them by ginneſ and other ſlightſ, they fall ſo ſullen that they abſtaine from meateand drinke diſdaining to be kept in any ſcruitudfc or bondage, the Wilde HorſſZ!sf F o 0 4 326 Allbertuſ, T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. of India haue but one horne : In the Alpeſtheyareof anaſh=colon?, with a blacke! liſ" downe their backeſ . The wilde horſſeſ of Scythia, neare the RinerZypian/;are cleane white. The wilde horſſeſ of Syria live in flockeſ and heardſ cogither;and ineueryhearde | they haue one Capraine or Maiſter.onerthereſidue, and if it Fortime. that:any ofiche younger horſſeſ leape vpon a Mare; thiſ captaine—horſſe runnethafter him,reuer giving ouer tillhe hathbit offhiſ ſtoneſ. I 7 ? 5 ! There are wilde horſleſ in 3ry/h/a whiich are like to other horſſeſ imall partſ; excepring their backeſ, which are ſoſoft and weake, that they cannor endureto be ſat vppori;ney= ther arethey eaſily tamed ,and the people ofthe:country eat their fleth; In Polonia there iſ akindeof wilde horſſe which hath horneſlike a Hart, and therefore I take itto"beethe fſame which iſ called ype//aphmſ, whoſepicture iſ heere deſcribed aſ it waſ taken hecrein England, by thatlearned Phyſitian DoFer Ca7. i T/oeſiguſireofHIPELLAPHvs.ſſ Ariſtotle a Trrpyy 2 k "4I, — 2 ) y tht, ſ BW X 1 1 4\\\\( AQ t T NHTITTITTIT Z pmronite ,- @ ///)/)/ =— 71 Hiſ beaſt waſ brought out of Norway,hauin g a mixt form, betwixe a Hart and a Horſie; hauing a wel compag&ed body, a long and leane leg, a clo— uen hoofe, a ſhort taile, and in all partſ you wouldinudge him to be a Hart, \J but in biſ bead and eareſ you would indge himto be a mule, & in hiſ hornſ & " a Roe,the vpperlip hanging ouer the neatheralimoſt aſ much aſ an Elkeſ: hiſmane like a horſeſ, but thinner and ſtanding more vpright , without other altera— tion : fromtheir ſhoulderſ to their taile, they haue a like briſtling mane growing on the backc' bone, aſ longe aſ their other haire, a bunch vnder their chapþctcs, and vppon thatabunchor ſhagic haire, the hair about their ſhoulderſ iſ more longer then ordinary, but but their neckeſ ſo ſhort that they can neither drinke their drinkenor eat their meat vpon the ground, except they bend downe vpon their kneeſ. The maleſ in thiſ kind doe onely bearehormeſ, andſuch aſ do not grow out of the Crowneſ oftheir head,butaſit were out ofthe middle on either ſide, a litle aboue the eieſ,and ſo bend to the ſideſ: Theyareſharp and full of buncheſ like Hartſ, no where ſmooth but in the topſ of the ſpeerſ, and where the vaineſrun to carry nutriment to their whole length, which iſ conered with a hairye ſkin : they are not ſo rough at the beginning ot at the firſt proſieſ ſpecially in the for— part aſthey are in theſecond, for that onely iſ full of wrinckleſ; from the bottom to the middle they growe ſtraight, but from thence they are a little recurued; they have onely three 1 0 ſpeerſ or proſſeſ, the two lower turne awry, but the vppermoſt groweth vprightto hea— * nen, yet ſometimeſ it falleth out (aſthekeeperſ of the ſaide beaſt affirmed) thateither by ſickneſ or elſethrough want of food, theleft horn hathbut two brancheſ : Inlength they are oneRoman foot and a halfe, and one finger and a halfe in bredth, atthe roote two Ro.— man palmeſ. The top of one of the horneſiſ diſtant from thetop oftheotherthreeRo— manfectand threefingerſ, and the lower ſpeere of one horne iſ diſtant from the lower of the other, two Romanfeet meaſured from the footſ: inſubſtance and collor they are like to Hartſ horneſ , they waiedtogether withthe dry broken ſpongy—bone of the forchead, fiue pound and a halfe, and halfe an ounce,; (I meane ſixteene ounceſ to the pound:) they fall off euery yeare in the month of Aprilllike to Hartſ, and they are not hollow. The 2 0 bredth of their fore—headſ betwixt the horneſ iſ two Roman palmeſ and a halfe,the top of the crown betwixt the hornſ iſ hollow on the hinder part,and in that ſiecel lieth the brain which diſcendeth downe to the middle region of the cieſ. Theyr teeth arelike Hartſ, and inwardly in their checkeſ they grow like furroweſ bigger then in a Horſſe; the tooth riſing out ſharp abouethethroat,aſit ſhould ſeeme that none of hiſ meate ſhould fall thereinto vnbruiſed. Thiſ beaſt in hiſ youn g age iſ of a mouſe or Afſe colour 5 but in hiſ elder age it iſ more yellowiſh, eſpecially in the extreame parteſ of hiſ body :the haire ſmooth but moſtof allenhiſ leggeſ, but vnder hiſ belly ,in the inner part of hiſ knee, thetop of hiſ Neck, breaft, ſhoulderſ, and back bone , not ſo ſmooth : In heigth it waſ about 2 2. handfulſ and three fingerſ; being much ſwifter thenany horſezthe go femalebeareth euerylyeare aſ the keeper ſaid in Norway two /atatime, but in England it brought forth butone. c > The fleſh of it iſ blacke, and the fibere broad like an Oxeſ ;but being dreſſed like hareſ fleſh and baked in an Ouen ;ittaſted much ſweeter. It eatech commonly graſſ_e,buc ineng— landſeldomeafter the faſhion of horſſeſ, which forbeare hay whenthey may have bread 5 butleaueſ, rindeſ of treeſ, bread and Oatſ, aremoſt acceptable vato it. It reachethnatu— rally thirty hand breadthſ high,but if any thing be higher whichit dothaffe&: itſtandech vp vpon the hinder legſ ,and with theforelegſ there imbraſeth or leaneth to thetree, and with hiſ mouthbiteth off hiſ deſire: It drinketh water and alſo Engliſh Ale in great plenty,yetwithout drunkenneſſe ; and _ Ere Werethat ganeitwine, butifit drinke plentifully inbecame drunk. It iſ a moſt plea— ſantcreature being tamed , butbeing wilde iſ very fierce, and an enemy to mankind, per— ſecuting men not only when he ſeeth them by the eic, but alſo by the ſagacity of hiſnoſe following by foote mor e certainly then any horſe, for which cauſe they whichkept them neare the high waieſ, did euery yearecut off their horneſ with a ſaw : Itſertethboth vpon horſe and foot—men ; trampling and treading them vnder foot whom'he did ouermatch, when heſmelleth a man before hee ſeeth him, hee vttereth a voice like the gruntling of a Swine being without hiſ female "it doth moſt naturally affed a woman, thruſting out hiſ genital (whichiſlike a Hartſ)aſ if it diſcerndſexeſ.In Norway, they calitan E/keor Elend; but it iſ plaine they are deceivied in ſo calling it, becauſe it hathnot the leggeſ of an Elke, go whichnener bend, nor yet the horneſ, aſ by conference: may appeare. Muchleſſe can I belecue it to be the Zppardizſ, becauſe the female wanteth horneſ, and the head iſ like a Moleſ 5 but yet it maybe that it iſ akind of Elke,for the horneſ are not alwaieſ alike, or ra— ther the Elke iſ a kind of Horſſe—hart, which Ari/Zore calleth Arrochoſiuſ of Aryacetoſ a re— gion of 4//ya, and heerein HNeaucenery man tohiſ indgment } referring the reader vnto the former diſcourſeſ of a Elkeand the Trage/aphm. 51 +. . Or 2 328 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OF THE SEA_—HORSE. "__ my Se SH 3Þ IN o ! ſſ%\ſi& Ty oy zſi% 0 20 He Sea—horfſſe, called in Greeke ZZpporomſ, and in Latine Fquuſ Eluniatiliſ 5 Itiſ a moſt vely and filthy beaſt, ſo cal— led becauſe in hiſ voiceand mane he reſembleth a Horſie, but inhiſ head an Oxe or a Calfe 5 in the reſidue of hiſ bo— dy a Swine, for whichcauſe ſome Graecianſ call him ſom— F}} timeſ a Sea—horſſe, and ſometimeſ a Sea—oxe, whichthing hatkmoned many learned men in our time toaffirme, thata Sea—horſſe waſ never ſeene 5whereunto I would eaſi— lyſubſcribe (faithBe/lop?aſ ycwereitnor thattheauncient 3* ==>) figureſ of a Sea—horſle, altogether refembled that which iſ heere expreſledſ and.waſJately to beeſeenc at Conſantinople, from whom thiſpiliure waſ taken= Itlineth forthemoſt partin A/z, yet iſ itof a doubtfullife;for'it bringſforth and ,br'eedcch'on the land; and by the proportion ofthe Leggeſ it ſeremethrather to bee made for going, then for ſwimming: for in the nightrime it earerh bothHay and fruteſ, forraginginto cornefieldeſ; and devouring whatſocuer dommeth in the way ; And there— fore Ithoughtit fit to Beinſerted into thiſ ſtoty. Aſ for the Sea—calte, which commeth ſometimeſ to land onely to takeſleepe, I didnot indgeit to belong to thiſdicoutſe, be— canſeitfeedeth orely inithewaterſ. | i dnith Thiſ picure waſ:taken. out the C#le//@ In the Pagicarz at Rome,;repreſenting the Ri— 4 ner AMj/y3, and eating otaCrocadileſ: andthuſIreſerue the farther diſcourſe of thiſ beaſk wntothe Hiſtory of Fiſheſ; adding onlythuſ much;thatit oughtito be no wondertoicon= ſiderſuchmonſterſ to come out ofthe Stea, which reſemble horſſeſ in their headſ, ſeeing thereimarealſo—creatureſ like vnto Grapeſand ſwordſ: Bugſ Iſ The: Or/ea# Indiauſ dobhunt a beaſtwith one hornd;hauing the body of a Horfle; and the head of a Hart, The Ae#//9pianſ likewiſe hauc acbeatt, in therjecke:likevhto— a Horſle, andthe feetand legſlike ynto an Oxe: ( The Rhimorephaluſ—hatha necke like a Horſſe, and alſothe other partſ of hiſ body, butitiſ ſaid to breathlout aire which killeth. ment pAwſani— aſ writeth;, that in the Temple of Guba/eſ! there iſ the—picture.of a Horſſe, whichfrom hiſ breaſt backwardſ iſ like a whale. Lamp/afennſ writeth;that intheScythian Qccan, therare/?" Tlandſ wherein the peopleare called ZBppopodeſ, hauing thebodyeſ of men but the feete of Horſſeg,and the ZLampaheereafter to be declared ſ haththe feeteof a Horſle, but in 0 ther thingſ the memberſ of a Goxt:and thuſ muchforthc ſencrallkindſ of Horfleſ, both: for them thatare properly ſo.called, and alſo for any other which like baſtardſ. retaine any reſemblance of nature with thiſ Nobleand profitable kindofbeaſt. . ,— ! — of Of the Hovſſe. 339 Of the diet of Horſſeſ and their length oflife. 3\ Auing thuſ diſcourſed of the kindſ of horſſeſ, and their ſeueral accidentſ, and vieſ, bothfor War, and peace, pleaſure, and neceſſity ; now likewiſe SS)| itfolloweth, that we ſhould proceed to their dyet, and manner offecding: CBT $NN wherein wee arefirſtof all to conſider, that the nawrall conſtitution of a Se&wo8)) Horſſe, iſ whotand temperate. Whot, becauſe of hiſ Leuity, and Veloci— length of lifeſ temperate becauſe he iſ docible, pleaſant, andgentle towardeſ hiſ maiſter andkeeper. Hetherefore that willkeepe Horſſeſ, muſt prouide for themaboun— dance of meate, for allother cattell may be pinched without any great danger, only hor — {eſ can endure no penury. (Varzſ ſaith)ythat in feeding of Horflzcſſs,we muſt conſider three thingſ ; firſt of all what foode the country wherein wee linvedoth yeald; ſecordly when it muſt be given : thirdly, by whom, but ſpecially the place of feeding Horſleſiſ to be con— ſidered, for although Geateſ can line in the Mountaineſ, better then in the greene fieldſ, yet Horſſeſ live better in the greene fieldeſ, then they can in the Mountaineſ. For which cauſe when we chuſe paſture for horſſeſ, we muſt ſee that it be fat ,ſtuchaſ groweth in med—= 26 doweſ, that in the winter time it may beſunny ,& in the ſammer it may be open and cold, neither ſo ſoft vader foot, but that the Horſſeſ hoofeſ may feele ſome hardnefſe,for hor— ſeſ, Muleſ,and Aſſeſ, do loue wel greene graſle, and fruitſ, yet principally they grow fat py,4,,,,; with drinking ſ When they are in the ſtableſ, let them haue dry hay. A Mare when ſhee hath foaled giue herbarly, and generally atall timeſ in the Winter ſeaſon By/lim»zg, or a mixture of al kindſ of graine iſ fit for them in the houſe, according to theſe verſeſ of Ne— metian : Reuſſinſ Inde vhipubenteſ ,calamoſ duranerit aftaſ LaiGtenteſique vrenſ herbaſ ſiccanerit omnem Menſibuſ Zumm*m, culmiſque armarit, ariſtaſ Ordeatum, paleaſque leneſ, prebere mementſo Puluere quin etiam,puraſ ſecernere frugeſ Curaſit, atque toroſ, manibnſ,percurrere equorum Gandeat, vr plauſiv, ſonipeſ,letumgnue yelaxet, Corpuſ,Cr altoreſ, rapiat per viſcera ſuceoſ, Id curent famuli, comitumgue animoſaiunentuſſ 30 We haue ſhewed already, that they muſthaue ſtraw, or litter tolie vpon, and pollux doth ſet downe thekindſ of meateſ for Horſſeſ, aſ Barly, Hay, or French wheat, riſe, and hay; for hard and dry meat iſ fitteſt for Horſſeſ, becauſe it doth not fill them with wind ; but al . greenmeatiſ the leſſeaproued, by reaſon of inflamation. Three—leaud—graſſe iſ alſo good for horſſeſ, eſpecially ifthey be young, for chaffe, hay, graſſe, and Oatſ, aretheir natu= raland pleaſing foode : and although graſſe be moiſt, yet in the young age of a Horſſe—he delightſ in moiſt meateſ, for they ſtretch out hiſbelly ,and encreaſe hiſ growth,but when he iſ elder, then ought he to be nouriſhed with dryer foode; aſ chaffe, Early, Oateſ, and ſuch thingſ. For although chaffe, by reaſon of their dryneſ make not a Horſſe fat,yer doe they preſerue him in perfe& ſtrength,for al hard thingſ which ate diſolued with difficulty, do retaine their force of nutriment longer, butſofter meatſ donotſo ; therefore the beſt dietor habitude for Horſſeſ iſto reraine the meane betwixtfatneſſe and leanneſ. For fat— neſſeminiſtreth many humorſ to the nouriſhment of ſickneſſe, and leanneſſe diminiſhetH 0 paturall ſrength, maketh the body deformed. In ſome countrieſ they give their borfleſ vine brancheſ in the Autumne, to moue their bellieſ, and increaſe their ſtrength. The hearb Medica which aboundeth in Media, iſ very nouriſhable to Horſleſ, but the ©4@pp.0m: firſt ſtalkeſ are refuſed, ſaith Ariſferle, the reſidue being watered with flincking Warer,iſ Dyoſoarideſ moſt commodiouſ. In Italy they fat theit horſſeſ with 7>//oley, in Calabriawith Snulla,or Arthritica,and the Thraſianſ, neare the River S#7pmon, with a greeneThiſile, | Et 3 n 5 330 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ, In theſpring time giutct: your younger Horſſeſ 2 u{!z'm@g for many daieſ rqgezhcrſi*for thatwill not onely make tm(:m'fat,but al\o. purge [}]CLYLZCHLCS ; fOF thiſ purgation iſ moſt neceſſary for Horſſeſ, vvhi_chſi iſ called ſoyling, and ought to continue ten daieſ together, without any other meat , giving them the clcuf:nth day a littde Bgſly, andſo forward to the fourteeneth 5 after which day , continue them in that diet ten daieſ longer, and then bring them forth to exerciſe alittle, and when aſ they ſweat, annoiot them with Oyle, andifthe weather bece colde, keepe a fire in the ſtable : And you:muſt remember when the Horſſe beginnethto purge, thathe bekept from Barley and drinke, and gine him greene meat, or Bullimamg , wherof that iſ beſtthat groweth neare the Sca_ſide._ But if the Horſſe goc to ſoile in Aprill,after fine daieſ bring him forth, and waſh him 16 all ouer with Wiater, then wiping hiſ haire from all wet and filth, and lo oſc; haireſ, poure vpon him Wine and Oyle, preſſing itſmooth vppon hiſ backe, downeto hiſ ſkinne, ſolet him be wiped all oner againe and carried into the ſtable, to be dieted with Ma/line, or Bul— limeng aſ before, except he be troubled with the Glaunderſ,and then he muſtnor feed on it inthe daye time , lcaſtthrough the heate of the Sunne, he fallinto the Mange orinto madneſle. 4 tiſalſo requiſite that w bile we feede our Horſſeſ with greenCorne, they be let blood in the vaineſ of the breaſt, and alſo cutte in the roofe of theirmouthſ, that ſo thoſe placeſ being empticd which were ſtuffed with corruption, the vacuety may berepleniſhed with better blood ; a Horſſe thuſ diered ſhall not onely line inmore. health and free from ſick— 20 neſle, but alſo be more ſtronge to vndergoe hiſ labour. With the blood that commeth out of him, mingled with Niter, Vineger, and Oyle, you ſhall annoint him all ouer, iffo be he bece ſubiec to the Glaunderſ , or to the Mange, and then keepe him in the ſtable fine daieſ together, ſuffering no curri—combe to come vpon him, vatill the ſixt day , feeding him in the meane time with greene Corne, or Bulli— mung 5 and then bring him forth againe, waſhing him al over with water, and rubbing him witha hard whiſp, votill the humor or moiſtureſ be wholy wiped off, and he fed aſ before fourteenc daieſ together. If you pleaſe not to keep him in the ſtable, then intheſpring time, turne him oftinſome meddow, or greene paſture, and there let him feed at hiſ owne pleaſure ; for ithathbin of— 3 tea proued, that ſuch adyet hath recoueted many ſicke Horſſeſ. It iſ reported of the ZIpxote,and Gedru/7 ,and menof Freeſeland,the Macedenianſ and Lydianſ, doe feede their Horſſeſ withfiſheſ : Likewiſethe Ppeowjanſ which inhabit about Praſiuſ neare the Mountaine Orbeluſ, doe teede their Horſleſ andall cartell which they yoake with fiſheſ. Concerning the drinke of Horſſeſ we haue ſpoken elſwhere, and therefore we ſhal not need to ſay any thing of it heere, ex cept that the drinking much, and the borſſe thruſting hiſ head indecpe intothetroubledwater, iſ an vnfalible ſigne of hiſ goodnefle;and the cuſtome of ſome iſ, forto gine their horſſeſ maſheſ made of water and corneſodtoge— ther, or elle, Beare, Ale or Wine , by drinking whereof, they encreaſe their ſpiritſ and 49 ſtomach... . . a Albertuſ ſaith, that ſome to make theit Horſleſ fat, rake Snaileſ, and beate themin pic— ceſ, ſo putting them into their meateſ whereby they grow to a falſe fatneſſe, which iſ ea— fily diſolued. By eating of blacke Hellibor, Oxen, Horſſeſ and Swine, arekilled : and thuſ muchfor thefoode of Horſſe. 5 ©> Concerning the voice of Horſſeſ, the Latineſ call him Fipp/tum, and the Greecianſ, Phruma, and Phrumateſta 5 but thiſ iſ certaine, that from their very foaling,the femaleſ have a ſhrilland ſharper voice then the maleſ, which iſ fuller , and broader, vntillthey be two yeare old; andafter copulation their voice encreaſeth,ſo continuing votilithey bee twenty yeare olde, after which time, it falleth, and decreaſeth againe. a 50 Thelength of a Horſſeſ life, (according to Ari/tatle) iſ eightcen or twenty yeareſ, Therime or e4 PY Deewellitendedandregarded in their youth : It hath beene ſound, that ſome tbeyrhic, . Davelited vnto fiue aud twenty , or thirty year old. The femalſliye longer then themialeſ, becauſe of their generation;ſfor the immoderate luſt of Horſſeſ, ſhortneth their diieſ. Andit hathbeene found that aMare hathliuedto forty, or fifty yeareſ, and a Horſleto three Of the Horſſe. b 331 three and thirty : wherefore I do leane the relation of Pliny and Athenenſ,to be cenſured by the Reader, who affirme, that horſſeſ in their time, Jinved threeſcore or ſeanenty careſ. F Albertuſ allo affirmeth, that a Souldiour told him for a certaine truth , thatheknew a horſſe which linued tll he waſ threeſcore yeareſ olde, and at that age, didſeruice in the field. And Augwſ?. NXuphuſ alſo affirmeth, that the Riderſ of Feydamazd the firſt ,told him, there waſ a horſie in their maiſterſ ſtable of} ſeuenty yeare old. The age of a horſſe may be — known by hiſ tecth, and the Pey//ay, Sohemian,Epirian,& Sycilian horleſ,,line longer then the Spaniſh or Numidian.Intheir yeatſ , the female neuer groweth after fiue,nor the male 10 after 6.in height or length,ſo aſ the male a re ſoner perfited inthewomb then the femalſ , on thecortrary the femaleſ do fooner grow to their perfection after their foalling then the maleſ. ſſ The maleſ hane more tecth then the femaleſ, and in each ſex they which haue feweſt teeth, line not ſo long, and in their old age, their tecth grow white. Now their age iſ dif— cerned by their teeth on thiſ mannet, thefirſtfoure, thatiſtwoabouc, andtwo beneath, be changed, after they be thirty yeare olde, and a yeare aſter the foure next are changed in like manner, againe after another yeare, foure more are chaunged,ſo that after foure yeare, and{ix monthſ, he looſeth no teeth, except the canine, which commeth again in the fift and ſixt yeareſ ſo that aftetwardſ their age cannotbe diſerned, becauſe in theſea— 20 uenth yeare, they areal filledſ An other vafained note of their age , iſ the hollowneſſe ofthcir templeſ, and their eye—lidſ bepinning to wax gray, andtheir teeth hanging out of their mouthſ. They alſo haue litle blackeſ in themiddle of their teeth. Some tryethe age of their horſſeſ,aſ a wiſe andlearned man writech, by conſidering tweluetecth,ſixe aboue,and ſix beneath,for the old horſſeſ haue longer and thinner teeth, which are black atthe top, and there are certaine broacheſ or wrinckleſ in their teeth, which being filled, the marke iſ ſaid to be out of their mouth. Some try theage of their horſſeſ by their cheekeſ, for they pull vp the Skin from the boneſ, and if it will quickly fal backe againe intehiſ former place, they take it for an aſſu — red token of the horſſeſ youth: but if if it ſtande out and fal ſlowly downe, then on the 30 contrary, they iudge the horſle to be old,and thuſ much for theage and dyet of horſſeſ. Of the v/ſeſ of Horſſe—fleſh, Meareſ milke, and — otherpartſ. There werecertaine people in Scythia, which were called Hippephagi, becauſe they linedvpon horſſe—fleſh ; ſuch alſo were the Saymmrzianſ and the Vardalſ:likewiſe in Seyrhrathe lefle, neare Tawrica Cher\onneſſuſ,the peopledonot onclie eatthefleſh of horſſeſ, but alſo theirmilk, andmakecheeſe thereof. Arhenewſ alſo affirmeth;, thatthe manner of the an— cient Perſianſ waſ,, vpon the feaſtſ of their nativuitieſ to roſt an Oxe, an Afſe, a Horſſe, and a Cammell wholejand ſo ſet them before their gueſtſ. Tnlikeſort, they eat horſe— fleſh and Camelſ—fleſh at Dſ— maſcuſ, and in pollonia wilde horſeſ ; eſpeciallye that part , which groweth vnder the mane.The Sarmmatianſ make meat of Milletſced, and mingle it with Mareſ milk, or th_h o blood taken out ofthe vaineſ of theirlegſ, wherewithall they make puddingſ, and thiſ iſ ;\ſar_:ſimſſ!gffi their chiefe food. So likewiſe doe the T4/ar/a»ſ, who hauing a horſſe ſicke, cut biſhiſ v\} FaX yeruuſ ceror wound, and ſo kilhim and eat hiſ fleſh. The Gorkeſ alſo in the daieſ of Firgill did 50 drinkethe blood of horſſeſ, aſ appeareth by theſe verſeſ : & Profuit incenſoſ ,eituſ abertere C&y inter Ima fertye pediſ,ſalientem [anguine venam Biſalte,quomore [olent, acerque Gelonuſ Curmefagit in Rhodapem, atque indeſerta Getartm Etlagconeretum,cum [inguinepotat equindo. The The Hiſtorie of Fouctreſſjbotea' Beaſtſ. The poetſ doalſo faine, that Pelieſ, the Sonne of Tirm and Neptune, waſ educated by a Mare, and Mezabw brought vp hiſ Daughter Camlleſ with Mareſ milke, becanſe ſhe waſ borne wilde, hee alſo bredde her among the buſheſ, according to theſe verſeſ; Hic natamindumiſ , interque horrentia luſira Armentaliſ equa,& lacteferino ANutribat, teneriſ immulgenſ vbera labriſ. The Tartarianſ drinke|Mareſ milke, which they drefſelike white—wine, and call it chumy;, whereof Paxluſ Venet=ſ rehcarſeththiſ ſtory. Theking of Turza7 ſaithhe, noutiſheth a— bouc ten thouſand milke white horſſeſ and Mareſ, and euery yeare, vppen the eight and twenty day of Auguſt,they obſcrueaſolemn feaſt, wherein the milk of theſe white mareſ iſ dreſſedand ſet forth in comely veſſelſ. Afterward theking taketh 2 bowle full thereof, and poureth it on the ground rounde about him, being ſo tſiaught by hiſ Magitianſ ,;to offer {kcriþcc to 'thc goddeſ of hiſ coun— try : For they perſwade him, that the godſ licke vp that milke ſpilt on the ground , andaf— terwardſ the king drinkethvp thereſidew, and beſideſ him no body that day, except it be ofthekingſ lignage,or ofthe country of Horiaeh(for the people ofthar country,haue liberty to taſtthereofthat day , y becauſe of a battaile which ence they obtained for the grem: Cam. t & The property of thiſ milke iſ to leoſen the belly; and becauſe it iſ thin and hath no fat in it, therefore it eaſily diſcendeth, and doeth not curdle in the ſtomacke , and it iſ ſayde that the Scythianſ can keep it twelue daieſ togither,therwithal ſatiſfying their hunger,& quenching their thirſt, and thuſ much ſhall ſatiſfie for the naturall diſcourſeſ of horſſeſ; heercafter followeth the morrall. I he morrall diſcourſe of Horſſeſ, concerning fidtionſ, pictureſ, and other deviſeſ. Nd firſtof al for the morral dignity of horſſeſ,ther iſ a cele— ſtiall conſtellation called Zjppoſ, according to theſe verſeſ of Arratuſ thuſ tranſlated : Huic Equuſ ille inbam quatienſ fulgore micanti Summum contingit capuſ aluo ſLellaque 1nngenſ vna. The Latineſ callthiſ ſtarre 2e54/#, and they fay that hee iſ theſonne of Neprwmeand Gorgon 5 Meduſa with ſtriking hiſ foot vpon a Rock in Ze/licep amountaine of B0tia, opened a fountaine, which after hiſ name waſ called ZIppogrene. O— — therſ tell the tale in thiſ ſort, at what time Ze/lerophon came to Pratuſ theſonne of Abaſ the king of the Argineſ, Antiathe kingeſ wife fell in lone with herghucſt, and making itknowne vato him,promiſed him halfe hir huſbandſ kingdome it he woulde lie with her , but he like an honeſt man abhorring ſo foule afact, vtterly refu— ſed to accompliſh the deſire and diſhoneſty of theluſtfull Queene; wherupon ſhee being afftaidleaſt he ſhould diſcloſe it vnto the king, prevuented him by her owne complaint, enforming the king that he would haue rauihed her : when the king heardthiſaccuſation Cbecauſeheloned ze/lerophon wel,) would not give puniſhment himſelfe, but ſent him to Sthenobeaſ the father of Quecn Apt/a, that he in defence of hiſ daughterſ chaſtity might take reuenge vpon him , who preſently caſt him to C/#m@74, which at that time depopu— lated all the coaſtof zz0/a : but Bellerephow by the helpe of the horſſe Pegaſ/wſ did botho— uercome and auoide the monſter, and being weary of hiſ life perceinuing that there waſ no goodnor truth vpon the earth, determined to forſake the world and flye to heauen : who comming neare to Heauen, caſting downe hiſ cieſ to the earth, trembled to ſee how farre hee waſ diſtant from it, and o hiſ heart fainting for feare, fell downe backe— warde and periſhcd, but hiſ horſſe kept on hiſ flight to heauen, and waſ chcrZ placed ſ 9 29 36 49 50 Of the Hozſſzſi. 333 placed among the ſtarſ by Iupiter. Z#7/p/deſ telleth the tale otherwiſe, for heeſaith that Chirenthe Centaure had a Daughter nouriſhed in the mountaine Pe/i#ſ which waſ called Theaſ and afterward Zippe, becauſe of her exceeding hunting on horſſebacke, ſhee waſ perſwaded by Arca/aſ (the ſonn of Hellen, a Nephew of Iupiterſ, tolet him lie with her, wherupon ſhe conceined with child,and when the time of her delinerance cam, ſhe fied from her father into the woodſ, for feare the loſſe of her virginity ſhould be knowne vn— to him, but hee followed her toſee what waſ the cauſe of hiſ Daughterſ departure, whereupon ſhee deſired of the Goddeſthat her father might notſeeher in trauaile, her prayer waſ graunted, and ſhee after her delivery, waſ turned into a mare, and placed a— ro mongſtthe ſtarſ, Otherſſay that ſheewaſ a propheteſſe, and becauſe ſhe rencaled the counſelſ of the Goddeſ, waſ therefore metamorphized in that ſhape in the place aforeſaid: Otherſſay, that becauſe ſhee gane ouer to worſhip Diana, ſhe loſt her firſt preſence : but to returne to the firſt tale of Bellertphon, who after the death of Chimarſ, growing proud for hiſ va= lorattempted to fly to heauen , but Iupiter trobled hiſ horſſewith a fury, and ſo heſhook offhiſrider, who periſhed in thefield, Aleeuſ apoteſe aleſe, becauſe of hiſ error : and Pe— gaſfuſwaſ placed in heaven. i Butto comencarer to the deſcription of the poetical horſſe, Alberzuſ Magauſ and ſome otherſ ſay,, that it iſ a beaſt bred in Aerh/opia, hauing the head and feete of a horſſe, 20 but horned, and wingſ much greater then the wingeſ of an Eagle, which he not doth lift vp into theairelike a bird, but onely ſtretcheththem out when he runneth, whereby hiſ only preſence iſ terrible to allcreatureſ, vnto whom he iſ enemy, but eſpecially to men : but for the truth heereof (although Pliny and ſome otherſ ſeeme to affirme aſ much)yyet willI ſet downenothing fer trueth and certainety , becauſe aſ the poetſ call euery ſwifte horſſe volugreſ, and Alipedeſ, ſo the errour of that figure, hath rather given occaſ— on to the framing of thiſ newe Monſter Pegaſwſ, then anye other reaſonable Alt» ory. 1 Likewiſe Iknowe no canſe why the poetſ ſhoulde faine, that Cereſ waſ turned into a Mare, and bidde hirſelfe inthe heardſ of Ovciwſ, Neptune falling in loye with her, fol— 30 lowcd her to thoſe fieldſ, and perceiuing that hee waſ deceiued, turned himſelfe alſo into a horſſe, and ſo had to doe with her, whereat Cereſ waſgreenouſly offended, and fellinto a very great fury , for which cauſe ſhee waſ called Evizz# : yet afterwardeſ ſhee waſhed her ſelfe in the Riner Ladon,laying aſide al her rage and fury,at the fulneſ of time ſhe brought foorth Arion. And the Arcadianſ alſo hada certaine Denne, wherein they had a great remem— brance of thiſ rauiſhment of Cereſ, ſitting in a Denne, wherein they ſay ſhe hidde hir ſelfe from all creatureſ, and whereunto they offer dinine worſhip. They picture her in a coltſ ſkinne, ſitting like a woman in all partſ, with along garment downe to her ancleſ, but the head of a horſſe with the piStureſ of many Dragonſ, and other ſuch wilde beaſtſ, hold— ing in one of her handſa Dolphin, and in the other a Douc. i * By all which it iſ not eaſie forenery man to knowe and conceine their meaning, that plenty of food ſignified by Cereſ,dothnot only maintaine men ,Fowlſ,Beaſtſ,and Fiſheſ, butalſo the immoderate vſe therof draweth'men to inordinate Inſt and concupiſence; and that the Goddeſ of the Heathen were more rather tobe accounted beaſteſ then men. Diana alſoamong the Arcadianſ waſ called Eurjppa, for the finding out of thoſe Mareſ which F/y/eſ had loſt : which ly//eſ ereGed a ſtatue for Neprume the greate Ryder, and they ſay that @ppolizyſ being torne in pieceſ by Horſſeſ through the loue Of Digna, and Skill of Ac/ealapinſ, by the vertue of certaine Hearbeſ hee waſ reſtored "zo YMCO life againe : Whereupon Zupiter being ſore" vexed and angry with Acſcnlapiuſ or 334 Textor, Heliodoruſ (Celinſ G]r-zldzx Eeſtuſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. for ſuch an inuention, deluding aſ it were the fury of the Goddeſ, killed him withlighe. ning; and thruſthim downe to hell, bcc\:au.ſc no w_rctc'nc_:d man woulde feare death if ſuch deviſeſ might take place :which fa Zirg#/ deſcribeth in theſe verſeſ ; At Trinia Hippolitum ſeeretiſ alma recondit Sedibuſ t nymphe degeria nemoriqne relegat Soluſ wbi in filuiſ Italiſ ignobiliuſ euum Exigerit, ver/ſoque vhinomine virbiuſ effet Vinde etiam Trinietemplo luciſque ſacratiſ Cornipedeſ arcentur equi quod litore currum Etinuencm Monſiriſ pauidieffudere mariniſ. The Poetſalſo do attributevato the night,blacke horſleſ;and vnto the day white.Homer ſaith,that the nameſ'of the day—horſleſare Lampuſ & phaethon, to the moon they aſcribe twohorſſeſ, one blacke and another white ,the reaſon of theſe inuentionſ,for the day and the night iſ, to ſignifie their ſpeedy courſe or revolution by the ſwifineſ of horſſeſ, and ofthe darkeneſ of the night by the blacke horGeſ, and thelight of the day by the white, and the Moone which for the moſt part iſ hiddeand coucred with earth, both encreaſing and decreaſing, they had the ſamereaſon to ſignific her ſhadowed part by a black horſe, and be: bright pare by a whice one. The like fixtion they had of Areate, whom Anſoniaſ calleth Tergemina, becauſe ſhee iſ deſcribed with the heade of a Horſſe, a Dogge, and a wilde Man, the horſſe on the right hand, the Dogge on the left hand,and the wilde man inthe middle : whereby they decla. red, howvulgar, illiterate,and vnciuilized men, do participate in their conditionſ,thela— borſ and enuy of brute beaſtſ. W'ee may alſotead in the Annaleſ of Tuc/t@, that in hiſ time there waſ a Temple rai— ſedto Equeſtriali fortune, that iſ, for the honor of them which managed horſſeſto their owne profit, and the good of their countrey, and that F#/wimſ the Przetor in Spaine, be— cauſe he obtained a victory againſtthe Celtiber/anſ, by the valiant diligence of hiſ horſſe— men, waſ the firſt that builded that temple.Likewiſe, there waſ another temple in B20#%/@ for the ſame cauſe dedicated vato Herenleſ. The auncient Paganſ call the Godde of Horſſeſ Zippora, aſ the Godde of Oxen E#— bonſ. It iſ alſo apparant, that many Nationſ vſe to Sacrifice horſſeſ, for at Salentinum a horſſewaſ caſtaliue intco the fyre and offered to »piter.Likewiſe the Lacedemenianſſacti— fyced a horſe to the windſ—at Rome alſo they ſacrificed a horſe to M#7ſ,& therofcam the terme of Equuſ October, which waſ ſactificed euery yeare in OGober,in Campuſ Martivſ, Thiſ horſſe waſ often taken out of a chariot,which waſ a Corgqueror in race, & ſtood on the right hand, aſſoneaſ he waſ killed fom one caried hiſ taile to a place called Regia,and for hiſ head there waſ a continuall combace betwixtthe inhabitantſ ofthe ſtreeteſ(Subr— ra) and (Saerawiaywhich of them ſhould poleſſe it : for the Suburanſ would haue faſtened it to the walof Regia, and the Sacrauienſto the Tower Mamillia. The reaſon why they ſacrifyced a horſe, ſome haue conie&urd becauſe the Romanſ wereche off—ſpring of the Troyanſ, and they being deceined by a horſſe, their poſterity made that Sacrificefor puniſhmeat of horſſeſ : but it iſ more reaſonable, that becauſe they Sactificed a conquering horſle, they did it onely for the honour of Mrſ (the god of viGoriey or elſ becauſe they wouldſignifie, that flying awaie in battell waſ to be puni— ſhed by the example of ſactificing of a ſwiſt horſſe. The Carmani did alſo worſhip A415ſ, and becauſe they had no horſſeſ to vſe in warre, they were forced to vſe Aſſeſ, for which cauſe they Sacrificed an Aſſevnto him, There iſ anotherfableamongſt the Poetſ, thatthe Merhijm»@eamſ were commaunded by the Ora— cleto caſt a Virgin into the Sea to Neptune, which they perforind :now there waſ a yong tman whoſe name waſ (Exzailluſ) which waſ in loue wich the ſaid Virgin, and (ecing hir in the Waterſ, ſwum after her to ſaue her, but both of them were coucred with the waterſ ofthe Sea, yetafter acertaine ſpace, Epmallmſ retutned backe again, and brought neweſ thatche virgin lined among the pharieſ of the Sea,and that he after that he had kepr Nep— tuneſ horſeſ, by the helpe of a great waue, eſcaped awaie by ſwinmingſ for the poetſ fain that Neptuneſ chariot waſ drawn by hor(ſeſ of theſea,acording to theſe verſeſ of Gilm: Nog to aſ 40 va 0 O}([Z)E Hozſſ \_ i 335 Nondliter quotienſ perlabituy equoracurran Extremamque petit PhabantabilinTethyn & FEranatiſvneptunuſequiſ Soon They alſo faine thattheSrinne iſ drawnewithtwoſwifewhite Horſſeſ from whence came Tdolatry by thatabhomination, thatthe Kingſ of »d/e# had ereeted Horſleſ and Chariotſ in honor of þi How: *= the Sunne} which wereſet atthe entrance of the Temple of the Lord:; which Horſſeſ were deſtroyed by Zo//@ſ, aſ we reade in holy Scripture. And the manner oftheirabhominati— orn'waſ,; that when theydid worthip to the Sunne,they roade vpon thoſe Horſſeſ from the entrance of the Temple'to thechamber of Nethar—melech.\ The Perſianſ alſofacrificed a ro: Horfleto Apbllo accotdingto theſe verſeſ of Onid: <>.: at5rn Placat equum Perſiſ, radij byperiona cintiuſ 6 Nedetur ſceleri viCima tardu deo 7: f oghowadPonerl 5 Andfor thiſ cauſe the Arm/agereſ ſacrificed a horſſe (the ſwiſteſt of allBeaſtſ) vndo:the ſun3) theſwifteſtofall the Gorlſ: phily/frareſalſo recordeth; that Paelazeder ganue chargeto the Greecianſ to ſacrifice tothe Sunne riſing a whitehorAe: The Rhvdianſin honor bfthe:Sun did caſt yearly away into the Sea, the Chariotſ dedicated torhe Sinne)ininiagination thatthe Surinewaſ carried about the Weorld in a Chidriot, dtawen by ſixe Horſleſ:— ; Aſthe Army of the Perſianſdid proceede: forward on theit iournie, therfire which: The cexemo they did (callholy andeternall) waſ lifted vp on Siluer alverſ@Preſently afrer thiſ, there ( ctthe Por 20 followedtheWiſe—menyand after thoſe wiſe—men camei 65: young men, being cloathed e vieſ ſ » witbaſmany red litcle—garmentſaſ thereare daieſ: iathe year — Inſtantly vpon cheſame,; cametheholy: Chariotſ of#upirer, whichwaſ drawneby white Horſſeſ 5 aftet whichſ with a reſplendant magnitude the Horſſe of the Sun waſ ſeene to appeate (for ſoit waſ called) dndthiſwaſ the manner of their ſacrificer Siip 51 ( orlineſ The King: of Jydzanſ alſo (aſ iſ ſaid) :when the daieſ beganto, waxe long, he deſcended. downe to the Riner 72d>ſ, and thereunto facrificed black Horſſeſ and Builſ, for the. Builſ in ancienttime were conſecrated to the rinerſ, and horſieſ alſo werethrowne therintoaliue, aſ the Trommſ did into Xepthwſ. aialine Varrinuſ The yeneti (which worſhiped D/omedeſ with ſingulerhonorydidſactifice to HKinvawhit 5rao 39 horſſe : when the Thebaneſ made war on the Lacedemonianſ, it iſ ſaid that Cedaſ@ſ apeared in a viſion to Pe/apidaſ,one of the ThebaneCaptaineſ,andtold hiim thatnow the Lacede— monianſ were a Lext?ra and would take vengance vponthe Thebaveſ,and their Daughterſ; Whereupon Pe/apidaſ to auert thatmiſchiefe, canſed a young foale tobe gallantly attired, and the day before they ioyned battel; to be led to a Sepulclgr of their virginſ, and ther to bekilled and ſacrificed. \ The Theſſalianſ obſerued thiſ cuſtomeat their marrigeſ and nuptial ſactrificeſ,the man tooke a Horſſe of War armed and furniſhed, which he ledinto the Temple, after the ſa— crifice ended he delinered the raineſ ofthe bridle into the handſ of hiſ Wife who leduhe ſame Horſſe home againe, but for what ſignification or cauſe thiſ rite. waſ obſerued, Aeli— Platarch 0 amuſ which relateth the ſtory ſheweth nor, butſaieth he referreth himſelfeto the Theſ/a/z— anſ to declare their ownereaſonſ of thiſ obſeruation, and thuſ muchſhallſuffice concer— Bing the ſacrificing of Horſſeſ. i DHFDOHE DAWGISID tho Laciilog Anothet moral—honor done vnto them waſ their burial ; For we haueſbewedialteady nore, . that yalucerthe Horſſe of "erkſ the Emperour waſ honourably buried; the Mareſ.of,C#— fon which had won three gameſ at O/ympm#; were likewiſe interredinearehiſownebody— The Scithianſat the burialof their kingſ vſed for to ſtrangle one of hiſ harlotſ hiſ cupbe— ret, hiſ Cooke, hiſ Horſſe—keeper, hiſ meſſenger ,and alſo Horſſeſ and other cattell ; and afterayeare they do thiſ theſecond time; taking fifty of hiſ deareſt ſeruanteſ which were natural Seyrhianſ and ſtrangled them 5 Likewiſe fiſty of hiſ beſt Horſleſ, out of whoſebcl— lieſ they pul out their bowelſ and gutteſ, and filing their bellieſ vppe againe with chaffe, 0 they fowe them vp : thenmake they halfe an arch vpon two poſtſ ſtanding vpright;arnid likewiſe the other halfe vpontwo other poſteſ ouer the kingſ graue; Likewiſe faficnmg 1D theearth dinerſ other ſharp poſtſ vpon which they put the fiſty horſſeſ,ſo faſtening them with thicke pieceſ oftimber al along their neck and back,ſo that the ſhoulderſ of the hoxr— ſeſ reſt vpon the fore—arch and their bellieſ on the hinder;their legſ ſtanding vpwafdg tlacſſn YLQLG Munſter, 9 wal 336 Dion. Achianuſ. Plmy. Feſtuſ PrediGtionſ or auguriſmſ by horſeſ Valen: Max. The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. bridle they the horſſeſ, and ſtretch foorth the reyneſ oftheir bridleſ vato the poaſteſ ofthe earth, afterwardſ vpon enery one of the dead horſſeſ they lay a dead man, purting a ſtake through hiſ backe out of hiſ necke, and the neather part oftheſaid ſtake they faſt. eninthepoſte, which pierceth or goeth thorough the horſſe; and thuſ hauing compaſ— ſedaboutthe graue of their king , with ſuch horſſeſ and horſſe—men, they depart ,leauing both one and the other to the conſumption of nature, and after thiſ manner did they bu— ry all theirkingſ. > Adrian buried hiſ hunting horſſe, Exomanſ hiſ Mareſ, Ppartheriaand Eripha.— Like— wiſe Miltiadeſ, Euagoraſ, and AuguſtuſtheEmperor : AtAgrigentum alſo therearemany piramideſ exeQed vpon the ſepulchreſ of horſſeſ,and thuſ much ſhal ſuffice for the buri— all of horſſeſ. We haueſhewed you already how men and women haue bin tranſformed into hor— ſeſ, according to the fiGion ofthePoetſ, aſ of Saturne, Impiter, Neprune, Cereſ, Hippeſ, and Ocyrrhoeſ the daughtrrſ of cChiren.Inlike ſorttherehaue beene preditctionſor often— tationſ of thingſ to come, taken from a Wolfe,a Fox.and a Serpent,and a Horſſe, which were called Auſpicia Pedeſtria. Dreameſalſo hauebeene declaredby horſſeſ, for Publiuſ Vatiniuſinthe MMacedonian warre; comming towardſ Rome in thenight time, ſuppoſed he ſaw two yong men ofex— cellentbeauty to meerhim, andtell him that Perſeſ the king waſ taken by Paw/zſ, which thing he declared to the Senace, but waſ by them putinto priſonaſ a contermner of the Maieſty and honor of that Captaine, butafterwardſitappeard by the lerterſ of Paulthat Perſeſ waſ taken thatvery day; whereupon Vazininſ waſ delinered out of priſon, andre— warded withland andliberty. Italſoapeareth that theſame day that Caſtor and Pollux waſhed away the ſweat of them felueſ and their horſſeſ, in the lake of uturne, that they watched for the ſafety of the Ro— manEmpire, and their Temple which waſ ioyned to theſame fountain being faſt locked, vponaſuddaine flew open without the hand of man. Aenaaſ alſo inPVirgillſaith,thathe knew war woulde follow by the appearance'of foure horſſeſ, which in a green field ſet vpon a whole campe, whereuppon in Virgill he ſpeaketh thuſ to Anchzſeſ— & } Quatuor hiſ primum omen Equoſ in Cramine vidi Tyndenteſ campumn late candore nowalſ Et pater Auchiſeſ bellum o terr a hoſpitaparteſ Belle armantiy equi, bellum hac armenta minantur Sedtamen iidem olim curru ſuccedere ſweti Quadrupedeſ & franaiugo concordia ferre gpeſ eſt paciſ att. Lucan alſo ſpeaketh to the ſame purpoſe that horſſeſ preſage warreſ primuſ ab equorea percuſſiſ cuſpide ſaxiſ Theſſalicuſ ſonipeſ velliſ feralibuſ omen 49 Exiluit. Alexander alſo writeth, that the Germanſ were wont to bring vp white horſſeſ which wer nenervſedtolabour, by whoſe neighing they were forewarned of warreſ, and of other ſtrange euenteſ: It iſ vulgarly knowne how Dariwſ came to the kingdome of Perſia, after it waſagreed amongſtthe ſeuen princeſ, that he whoſe horſſe did fir ſt neigh in the mor— ninginaplace appointed, ſhould be ſaluted king,, Ebareſ hiſ rider in the night time tooke one of the Mareſ whichheknew hiſ maiſter horſſe loued, and ledde herinto the ſuburbſ, and theretied her, afterward he brought thither Dayiaſ hiſ horſe, and led himabout hir 2. orthreetimeſ, and at length ſuffered him to coner her, and ſo ledde them both away to— ither. j9 Inthenextmorning the princeſ metaſ ſoone aſ day brake, and road vp and downthe ſubburbſ,vntilatlaſtthey came to the place where the Mare of Darim waſ tied the night before, whereunto the horſſe of Dariuſ ran neighing ſtrongly ,and preſently it thundere andlightmmed inaclecre day :whereuppon the reſiduc of the princeſ alighted from their horſeſ, and did reucrenceto king Darinſ, whom by dinine appointment waſthuſ aduan— cedtotheScepter. Althogh 3 Of the HO?ſſZ'. 357 Although there beſome that ſay Eboreſby handling of a Mareſ genitall and keeping hiſ hand warme, vnatill they came to the place aforeſaide, there ſtroking the Noſtrilſ of hiſ maiſterſ horſſe, cauſed him thuſ to neigh and win the kingdome, yetZrather incline to the former opinion which waſ related by Zezodor=ſ in hiſ Thalia. There hate alſo beene horſſeſ of ſtrange faſhionſ, for aſ we haue ſhewed already,that a Maredid bring forcth a Hare, ſo alſo (Zinyſayth)an Oxe did bring foorcth a Foale, Mero did thew certaine Hermaphrodite maxeſ , wherewjthallhiſ chariot waſ drawne, which waſ Of_ſiſifonſic** a thing worth the ſight, that the Monarcke of the worlde ſhouldſic vpon Monſterſ. — ot Juliuſ Geſar had a horſſe which had clouen hooueſlike a manſ fingerſ, and becauſe he 10 waſ foaled at that time when the ſouth—ſayerſ had pronounced that hee ſhould haue the gouernment of the world, therefore he nouriſhedhim carefully, and never perimitted Pliczſ any man to backe him but himſelfe, which afterwardſ he dedicated in the Temple of ve— muſ, for he conceined, that ſuch a ſtrange beaſtbredde in hiſ owne flocke waſ a prediction vnto him of great honor. The Palatine of Vi/ua had a horſie foled with finelegſ,and Hen— ry the count—Pa/azine had likewiſe a horſſe with ſixe legſ :Thuſ much may ſuffice ſor the monſter horſſeſ. In the next place it iſ good to enquire what the Ceptawzeſare, who are deſcribed by . the Poctſ to hauetheir forepart like men, and their hinder part like horſſeſ, the occaſton Of Centaurſ wherof iſ thuſ related by pipdaruſ:that Centanruſ the Sonne of Ix/on, committed bugge— 20 ry withthe mareſ of Maganeria, vader the mountaine Peliwſ,from whence came that mon— ſtrouſ birth in the vpper part reſembling the father and in the neather the mother. Theſe ſaith he poſſeſſed the mountaineſ and deſart placeſ of Theſſaly, being given to all man— ner of Latrociny and Depraedation.T hey were called alſo ZVppocentazri: And ſome ſaye that they were firſt of allnouriſhed by the Nimpheſ in the mountaine Pe/iyſ, who after— wardſ being the firſt that tamed horſſiſ, were thought to be halfe men, and halfe horſeſ, becauſe they were ſeene backward, and from hence came the fable that they were tamed by Herculeſ; which waſ one of hiſ greateſt labourſ : But yet that no man may wonder or thinke it impoſſible thatſuch monſtrouyſ creatureſ ſhouldhaue exiſtencein nature, theſe authoritieſ following may perſwade ſufficiently. 30 _Plutarch in hiſ banket of wiſemen, affirmeth, there waſ a horſſe—keeper which broghſ into the houſe of Periander an infant or rather a monſter which he had got vpon a Mare, which had the head, necke, handſ and voice oa child, and the other parteſ like a horſſe, Diocleſ preſently indgedit to bee a monſter, and fignified contentionſ and ſrifeſ in the world.But zhaleſ told Periander he waſ of another opinion, namely, that it waſ no mon— ſter, but a meere naturall birth from ſuch a copulation, and therefore aduiſed Periawder, that either he ſhould keepe no riderſ , or elſ let them haute wineſ. Clandiuſ Caſar alſo writetb, that in the time of hiſ raigne there waſ ſuch a one borne in Theſſaly, which dyed the ſame day it waſ borne: and Pliny that he afterwardſ ſaw it ſea ſoned in hony , brought out of Egyptto be ſhewedto the Emperor. Theſe Centanzeſ Ho= mer calleth Feray, that iſ Feze,wilde perſonſ.The Lapitheand the Centaureſare ſaud tobe very like the one to the other and werealſo once very louing, but they fell afterwardſto deadly war, by reaſon the Ceptanreſ in a banket being drunk ,offered to rauiſh the femalſ of the Lapirhe, for which cauſe the Lapirheſlew them in their iealoſſe,wheron fell a mortal war , whereby the poctſ fignifie how intemperancy in men & beaſtſ dothnot only bring with it other ſinſ, but alſo cauſethmuch ſlaughter. Andſo I conclude the ſtory of Cem» zaureſ, holding it poſſible that Such ſhould be gencrated by vncleane and vnnaturallco— pulation,but vapoſſible that they ſhould line long after birth ,and therefore the Centan7ſ of the Poetſ are nothing elſ but men ſitting on horMebacke, miſtaken for one entire crea— ture which were diuided,; and ſo Iconclude with the verſeof Ayrace : Dicn, ((ulinſ 0 4 53 Humano capiti cernicempiifor Equinan Hoe monſtrum puto Centauruſ foret . Gg a 338 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. Of the ſlatueſ and ' figureſ of Horſſeſ. 2Xy \ 1 iſ waſ no ſinal dignity that the ancient Cephaleweſ did ſtamp D, c C) 0 !y Y | thei ith the pi ahorſſe,for ſurely fr *?{Zſſffl_ſſſi their mony with the pitureofa horſſe,for ſurely from them 4 > CGGAS}] | it came, that cpine waſ firſte of all called currant, becauſe of EDLLL | the ymage of a ſpeedy horſſe, wherewithall itweſ imprinted. SAdA EhEyYma pecay > P ſ Textor alſo writeth, that amongeſtthe auncienteſ there waſ a { cuſtome to make the Character of a horfſe in the forehead of 19 k a boud—ſlaue;therewaſ alſq ymageſ of horſſemen an_d horſleſ \\\ſiſifflſict renowned in many countrieſ for the honor of both,ſuch were Set the ſtatueſ of the Amazonſ (cald ZBpp/adeſ (who by Zy/iaſ the Oratour areſaide to be the firſtthat euer. backed horſſeſ : Such waſ the ſtatue of Clelia, Quintuſ Martinſſ Tremmluſ, Domitianuſ, and manye other both men and women: for the Romaineſ had theEqueſtriall ſtatueſ in great renuerence and ceremony, no doubt in imitation of the Grzecianſ, but with thiſ difference, that they picured none buttheſwift horſſeſ, but the Romanſ, horſſeſ and chariotſ,and from hence came the cuſtome to haue chariotſ in triumph. But thiſ cuſtome to haue ſix horſſeſ in a chariot waſ brought in laſt of allby Arguſeſ. 29 Ariſiodemuſ piSuted the chariotſ and wagener.Piſferateſ the woman Pitho,with a wagon. Euthycrateſ the ſonne of Lyſippuſ expreſſed the Equeſtriall combate at the Oracle of Tro— phonium with ſingular art, alſo many Chariotſ of Medea,;the horſſe and hiſ cariage : there were alfo earthen chariotſ at Rome in the porch of Iupiterſ Temple, aſ we haue ſhewed before in the diſcourſe of chariotſ. When Conſtantinuſ the great took a view of the citic of Rome,and paſſing from place toplace, came atlength to Forum Traiani,the moſt exquiſite building of all the world;he ſtood amazedat the admirable frame of Giantſ, which werelineally deciphered therein, whereof diſparing to imitateany part of that worke, he choſe onely to ere&the piGure of ſuch a horſle & prince, aſ in the middle of the ſame waſ ereG&ed, inremembrance of 774— 30 iame,and ſo much he intimated to hiſ followerſ: cloſeby him ſtood that princely Hormiſ= da (a perſian) who made the Emperor thiſ anſwere 5 Apte iyperator ſkabuinm tale condiin— beto ſ valeſ : Equuſ quemfabricare diſoniſ ita late ſuecedat vtiſte quem videmuſ : ONoble Empe. before you makeſuch a horſſe, firſt of all builde ſuch a ſtable; that your wotke in all partſ may be correſpondent to thiſ which you propoſe vato your ſelfe to imitate. Actelluſ the Macedonian raiſed two porcheſ which were compaſſed about withtwo hborſſeſ, without inſcription or dedication, which now are compaſted with the porcheſ of Odfauta,&the row of Equeſtrial ſtatueſ in thefront of the ſaid buildingſ,now thegrea— teſt ornament of that place, he alſo brought out of Macedonia. And it iſ ſaidthar Alexan— derthe great canſed Zyſſppy: (thatſingular workeman) to frame the piSureſ of all. thoſe 40 knightſ which in hiſ company were ſlaineat the Riner Gravicww, and alſo to place hiſ ownepicure amongſt them. : In the citty of Romethere are two mountaineſ called Equilizz, in one of them are the batheſ of D/rcleſſan, and the great Marble horſſeſ, with two men halfe naked, holdinge their reineſ, being moſt ſingular workemanthip, whereof one hath thiſ inſcription in la— tine letterſ Opmſ Praxizeliſ , the vvork of Praxitileſ,the other Opuſ Phidiethevvork of Phi— diaſ : and itiſ cleare, that they were brought thitherby Tyridazeſ. king of Armienia, for whoſe entertainment Agzſ cauſed the Theatre of Pempey to be couered all ouer with gold Copoutinuſ in the ſpace of one daic. The ſtory of the Troinn horſſe iſ vulgarlieknown, which'iſ alſo ca— 8 led Eguuſ Duratenſ, or Durenſ, wherein the Greecian princeſ hid themſelueſ, when'they 50 tooke Troy, according to theſe verſeſ : b 3 Nec cumduratenſ Troianiſ pergamapartu Inflammaſcit Equuſ nocturno graingenarum. i Thetruthwhereof itandeth thuſ, the Greecianſ making ſhew that they had vowed a vow ynto 24//25, framed a horſle of ſo great bigneſ, that it coulde not be taken into Troy, ex— cept Pollnxſ e dnGaniſ Of[be Hozffi. | £339 cept the gateſ were pulled downe ;and thiſ they placed hard to the walſ of Troy : Sinon (the counterfet runagat)being then within the walſ among the Troyanſ,perſwadedthem ' to pulldowne their walſ and pul in thatwooden horſie 5 affirming thatif they could getit, palleſ:would ſtand ſo friendly tothem thatthe Grzectianſ ſhould neuer be able to mooue warreagainſtthem : wherefore they pull downe their gateſ , and part of their wall, and by that meaneſ do bring the horſſe intothe citty : while the Troyanſ—were thuſ teuclling and making merry with themſelueſ , and notthinking of any harme might enſuevpon them; cheleaderſ of the Graecian army who by deceirallthiſ while kept themſelueſ cloſe hid;, (euer ſince which timethe Greecianſare tearmed of all nationſ deceitfully: ona ſuddaine 10 roſeout of their lurking placeſ, and ſo going forward inuadedthecitty, being— deſtitute ofany'defen®e, and by thiſ meaneſ ſubdewedit. aoetalih yow vnſ: Otherſareofopinion , that the poetſfiGion of the Troyan horſſe, waſ no. other but thiſ;that therewaſ amountaine neare Troy called Egu055and by aduantagethercof Troy waſ taken, whereunto/zrgill ſeemethtoalude,faying 5 t Inflar mont iſ Equum dinina Palladiſ arte — Acdificant: nſ aStrontiÞnn: : zo4m9hloo8 a1t baſ For they ſaie that Palleſand Zpemſ made the horſſe, and therefore I conie&ure, that the Trojian horſſe waſ nothiug elle but an engine of war , like vnto that which iſ called Ar%eſ : For (Pauſaniaſ ſaith) that Epewſ.—waſ the inuenter, thereof. And Higinziaſ ſaith, that the 20 Troyanhorſſe waſ Machina eppugnatoira, a dcſſuiſc'of war, to ouerthrow the walſ. Ofthiſ horſſe there waſ a brazemimage at Athenſ:in Afropoliſ; with thiſ inſcription, Charidemuſ, Fnangelifiliuſ calenenatuſ dickuit. \When Alexander looked vponhiſ own piGureat Epheſuſ which Apelleſhaddrawne withialthiſ Skill, the king did not commend it according to the worth thereof> It foruned that a horſſeiwaſ brought into theroome, ® who preſentlie neighed atthe pictute of Alexanderſ horſle, ſinelling vnto it aſ to a lining horſſe,where at Apelleſ ſpakethuſ to the king : ſ 1 i Homen Hippoſevice ſen graphicoterſſ Catapoly. orſ 3 } That iſ to fay : the horſſe iſ a betterdiſcerner of truth then you. 2>, Therewaſ one Phoymiſ which went frony Memilyſ in Atrcadia into Scicilia, to ſerue Gelonthe Sonne of Dinomeneſ,vnder whomandhiſ brother Higry he aroſeto greateſtate of wealth,; andtherefore he gaue many guiftſ to Apollo at Delphoſ, andimade two brazem horſſeſ with their riderſ at OVpppia,ſetting Dreziſiuſ the Greecianvpon one,and Simup E— » genenta vpon the other. »alamitia c o t 4 Aemiluuſ Cenſorinuſ (a cruel Tirant in Seicilia) beſtowed great giftſ vpon ſuch aſ could in— uent new kind of Tormentſ 5 there waſ one Araptinſ Paterculeſ, hoping to receine from: him ſome great reward made a brazen horſſe, and preſented it to the Tirant: to include thereinſuch aſ he ſhould condemne to death : at the receipt whereof _Acmi/linuſ which waſ neuver iuſtbefore, firſt of all put the author into it, that he might take experience how cur— ſed a ching it waſto miniſter vnto crueltie. ; Apelieſ alſo painted Clyenſ on horſſe—backe haſtening:to war, andhiſarmour bearer. reaching hiſ helmetvntohim, ſolinely ;that other dumb beaſtſ were—aaffraid of hiſ horfſe.. And excellent waſ the Skil of Newleeſ who had ſopi&tured a horſſe'foaming that the be— holderſ were wont to take their handkerchefſ to wipeirfrom hiſ mouth:and thuſ much forthemortallvieſof horſſeſ. ſ: Higo.yalt o: Rae & Of the ſencrall difeaſeſ of Holzffi;ſirctdnd their cureſ. 40 < (t 3@;%'*5 Eeing in thiſ diſcourſe Thane principally aymed at the plczsurc,dqlightſiand t " 6 t S a profitte of Engliſhmen, I haue thought good to diſcource of the'diſeaſeſ of! - horſſeſ and their cureſ inthe wordſ: ot our owne:countrymen M.Bluzdevile, E S<==258! and M. Atarkham, whoſe workſ of theſe'mitterſ are to berecorded like the z/— liadſ of Eomer in many placeſ and ſeuerall Monumenteſ, tothetheentent tharenuy or Barbariſine may never beable to buric them in obliuion, or neglectto:root them out of; theworld, without the loſſe of othermemorable laborſ, Gg 2 Vyhere— 340 Blundevile The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſ?ſ. Wherefore good Reader, for the enſuing Tractate of diſeaſeſ and cure; compiledb them,after that I had read oucr thelaborſ ot C.Ge/rer, and comparedit with them,find. ingnothing of ſubſtance in him, which iſ not more materially, perſ; picuoufly,proſitſizbly 5 and familiarly, either extracted or expreſſed by thein, in a method moſt fitting thiſ Hy. ſtory, Lhaue thoght good to follow the in the deſcription of the diſeaſe and the remedy, firſt (according to time) declaring them in the wordſ of 44. Blund. and aftecwardſ in the wordſ of Af. Markam methodically one after the other in the ſame place: wherwithall truſt the living authorſ will not be diſpleaſed, thatſo you may with one labour examin both; and I hope, that neither they nor any of their friendſ or Schollerſ ſhallreceine any iuſte cauſe of offence, by adding thiſ part of their ſtudieſ to onr laborſ, neither their bookeſ imprinted, beany way diſgraced or hindered, but rather revived, renobled, and honou. red. To beginne therefore (ſaith Maiſter Slupdeazll yafter the diſcourſe of the nature of a horſſe followeththoſe thingſ which areagainſt nature, the knowledge whereof iſ aſ need fully profitable aſ the ocher.Thingſ againſtnature be thoſe whereby the heathfull eſtate of a horſſeſ body iſ decayed, whichare in number three. Thatiſ, the cauſeſ , the ſickneſ, and the accidenteſ ; of the two firſtin order, and the other promiſcuouſly aſ neede re— quireth, Oſ canſeſ and kindſ thereof . He canſeſ offickeneſ be vonaturallaffectſ, or euilldiſpoſi— »| } tionſ preceding ſickneſſe, and proucking the ſame, which I of themſelueſ do not hinder the actionſ of the bodye, but by meaneſ of ſickneſſecomming betwixt. Ofcauſeſ, ſome be called internal, and ſome Externall. Internall bethoſe that breedewithin the body of the beaſt, aſ cuill iuice. Ex— ternallbe thoſe that chance outwardly to the body ,aſ heat; cold, or the ſtinging of a Serpent, and ſuchlike. In knowing the cauſe of euery diſeaſe, conſiſteth the chiefe ſkill ofthe Ferrer, For vnleſſcheknoweth the cauſe of the diſeaſle, it iſ impoſſible forhim to cureit wel and Skiſfully. And therefore I wiſh al Ferrerſ to be dili— gent in ſeeking to know the cauſeſ of all diſeaſeſ, aſ wel in the partſ fimiler ,2ſ inſtrumen— tall, and to know whether ſuch cauſeſ beſimple, or compound : for aſ they be ſimple or compound,ſo do they engender ſimple er compound diſeaſeſ. Of ſickneſſe what it iſ, and how many generall kindſ there be, alſſ with what order the diſeaſeſ of Horſſeſare heerein declared.And finally, ofthe foure timeſ, belonging to enery ſickneſſe. J\ Ickneſ iſ an cuillaffet contrary to nature, hindring of itſelfe, ſome agtion of the body.Offickeneſ there be three generallkindeſ, wher eof the firſte 3|| conſiſteth in the partſ ſimyler ; the ſecond in the partſ inſtrumental : and SW the third in both partſ togither. The firſtkind , iſ called of the Latineſ Iw— 28 temperieſ that iſ to ſay , cuill temperature, which iſcither ſimple or com pound.It iſ ſimple, when one quality onlie dothabound or exceed too much,aſ to be too hot or too cold; it iſ compound, aſ when manie qualitieſ do exceed ,aſ when the body iſ too hot and toodrie, or too cold and too moiſt. The ſecond kind iſ called Aga/ſ conſfitutio» that iſ toſay ,an euil ſtate or compoſition,which iſ to be conſidered ,eyther by the ſhape, number, quantity,, or ſight of the member, or part euell affected or diſeaſed. The thirde kind iſ called Pwizatiſ ſolutiothat iſ toſaie, the looſening or diuiſion ofthe vnitie, which aſ it may chaunce diverſlieſ fo it hath diverſ nameſ accordinglie : for if ſuch ſolution or diviſion be in a bone, then it iſ called a fradure , if it be in anic fleſhie part, then it iſ called a wounde or vicer; inthevaineſatuptute, in the ſinnewſ a conuulſion or crampe and in the ſkin an excoriation. i Againe, ve wo 0 d 40 we 0 Of the Horfſe. 341 Againe,of' diſeaſeſ, ſome becalled long, andſome ſharpeand ſhort, called of the La— tineſ, Mozbiaccuti, which be perillouſ, and do quickly killthe body. The long, do tar rye longer by it. Yet morcouer there iſ ſiekneſ by ſtſelfe, and{ickneſ by conſent. Sickneſſe by it ſelfe, iſ that which being inſome member,, hindereththe action thereof by itſelſe Sickneſſeby conſent, iſderined out of one member into another, through the neighbor— hood and community that iſ betwixt them :aſ the pain of the head which commeth from theſtomacke. =>: 4 Thuſ the learned Phyſitianſ which write of manſ body, do dinide ſickneſſe.But Abſir— t=ſ writing of horſſe—leach craft, ſaith of that ſickneſ or rather malady (for ſo he rermeth, 1 0 it, vſing that worde aſ a generall name to allmanner of diſeaſeſ that be in a horſle) there be foure kindſ: that iſ to ſay ,the moiſt malady ,the dry malady ,,the malady of the iloyntſ, andthe malady betwixt the fleſh and the Skin. The moiſt malady iſ that which we call the Glanderſ :the dry maladie iſ an incurableconſumption, which ſome perhapſ would call themourning of the cheine, but not rigbely; aſ ſhall well appeare vato you heereafter: Themalady of the loyntſ comprehendethalgriefeſ and ſoranceſ that bein the ioynteſ ; And the malady betwixt the fleſh and the ſkin, iſ that which we'call theſcab: vnto which foure kindeſ of maladieſ Vege#i@ſ addeth three otherſ, that iſ, the Farcine, the paine of the Reyneſ or Kidneyſ, and the cankered Mangeneſle, moſtcommonly called of the old writerſ the Leproſic; and ſo maketh feauen kindſ of maladieſ, vnder which all other par— 20 ticular diſeaſeſ arecomprehended. o a ſ — . Againe, Lawrentiuſ Ruſſiuſyvieth an other kind of diviſion of ſickneſ.Ofhorſſeſdifea— ſeſ (ſaith hey ſome be naturall, and ſome accidentall. Thenatural bethoſe that do come either through the exceſſe, or lackſ of engendring ſeed, ot by error of nature, in miſfor— ming the young, or elſe by ſome defe& ofthe damme or fire, inthatpethapſthey be di— ſeaſed within, and haue theirſeed corrupted. I The accidentalldiſeaſeſ be thoſe that come by chaunce, aſ by ſurfetting of cold, heat, and ſuch like thing.But foraſmuch aſ none of theſe writerſ doe followtheir owne diniſi— onſ, nor handle the parteſ thereofaccordingly : to anoide their confuſion, and to teach plainely : I thought good and profitable therefore to vſe thiſ my owne divuiſion and order 0 hecrefollowing, & Firſtthen, of diſeaſeſ ſome be inward,andſome be outward.The inward bethoſethat breede within the horſſeſ bodie, and are properly called maladieſ and diſeaſeſ, whereokf ſome do ocupy althe whole bodie,and ſome particular partſ or memberſ of the body: Ofthoſe then that occupice all the body, and not be accident to any private mem— ber, I do firſtrreat, aſ of Agueſ, of the Peſtilence, and ſuch like,and then of thoſe thatbe incident to euery particluar member, beginning atthe head, and ſo proceede orderly throughout all the memberſ, euen downe to the ſole of the foot, obſeruing therein ſo nie aſ I can, theſelfe 5ame order that Galen vſeth in hiſ booke, De lyciſ male aff eeFiſ, decla— ring firſt, what manner of diſeaſe it iſ, and how it iſ called in Engliſh, and alſo in Italian, becauſe the Kingſ ſtable iſ neuer without zralian riderſ, of whome our Ferrerſ haue bor — rowed many nameſ, aſ you ſhal perceiue heerafter. Then the cauſeſ whereofit proceedſ, and the ſigneſ how to know it, and finally, the cure and diet belonging to the Same, and becauſe I find not inward diſeaſeſ enow to anſweare euery part of the body, Z7doe not let to enterlace them with outwarddiſeaſeſ, incident to thoſe parteſ, yea rather, I leaue out no outwarde diſeaſe belonging to anie particular member, and to the en— tent you maie the betterknow to what diſeaſeſ or ſoranceſ eneric part or member of the horſſeſ bodie iſ moſt commonly ſubicG&.And note by the way , that I call thoſe outward diſeaſeſ that proceede not of any inwarde cauſe, but of ſome outwarde cauſe, aſ when a horſſe iſ ſhouldered by meaneſ of ſome outward cauſe,or hiſ backe galled withthe ſad= go dle, or hiſ ſideſ ſpurgalled ,or hiſ hooue cloid with a naile, and ſuch like, which properly may be calledſoranceſ or griefeſ, Thirdly, I talke of thoſe diſeaſeſ aſ wel outward aſ inward, that maie indifferently chance in anie part of the bdie, aſ of Impoſtumeſ, cankerouſ Vicerſ, Woundeſ, Fiſtuleſ, Bur— ningeſ, Brouſingeſ, Breaking of boneſ, and ſuchlike. Fourtbly, becauſe moſt diſeaſeſ arehealedcither by letting of blood, by taking vp of vainſ, by purgation,or elſby caure— 38 3 riſation 342% The Hiſtory of, Foure—footed Beaſtſ. riſation, that iſ to ſay, by giving the fire : I talke of thoſe foure neceſſary thingſ ſen erally by themſclueſ 5;and finally, Iſhew you the true order of paring andſhooing all man. ner of hooueſ, according aſ the dinerſity of hooueſ require : and to the intent you imay the better vnderſtand mee, you hauethe perfe& ſhapeſ of all neceſſary ſhooeſ , plainely ſet forth infigureſ before your eyeſ. Thuſ much touching mine order which I hang hitherto obſerued . Now it iſ neceſſary to know, that to enery diſeaſe or malady, beloangeth foure ſeuerall timeſ, that iſ to ſay , the beginning, the increaſing,the ſtate, anc_i declination, which timeſ are diligently to be obſerned of the Ferrer, becauſe they require dinerſ applying of me— dicine: for that medicine which waſ meete to be vſed in the beginning of the diſeaſe, per— 1o hapſ iſ not to be vſed in the declination thereof : and that which iſ requiſite, and ver® needefull, to be applyed in theſtate or chiefeſt of the diſeaſe, may bevery dangcrouſ to be vſed in the beginning. AndthereforetheFerrer ought to be a man of indgement, and able to difcerne one time from another,to the intent he may apply hiſ medicineſ rightly. Hither of cauſeſ and ſickneſſe in generall. Now it iſ alſo meete, that we ſpeake in genetall offigneſ whereby ſickneſſe iſ kuowne. E (ſſ)ſiſtbe ſigneſ of ſickpeſſe in generall. W Ickneſle according to thelearned Phyſitianſ, iſ knowne foure man— 18 ner of waieſ : firſt by inſeparable or ſubſtantiall accidentſ, aſ by the ſhape, number, quality, and ſight of the part or member diſcaſed. For if iſ bee otherwiſe formed, or more or leſſe in number or quantity, or elſe otherwiſe placed then it ought to be, thenit iſ not well. Secondly , ſickneſſe iſ knowne by alteration of the quality, aſ if itbetoo hot, or too cold, too moiſt, or too dry. Thirdly, when ® the action of any member iſ burt or letted, aſ when the cic—ſight iſ not perfedQ ,it iſ a manifeſtſigne that the cic iſ cuillaffedted or ſicke. Likewiſe, when there breedethno good blood inthe body ,it iſ an euidet token that theliner iſ not wel. Fourth— ,,, ly, ſickneſſe iſ known by the excrementſ that come from the beaſt, aſ by dung, or ſtale : for if hiſ dung be too ſtrong of ſent, fullof whole Corneſ, or of Wormeſ, too hardor tooſoft, or euill coloured, it iſ a token that he iſ not well in hiſ body : ſo likewiſe iſhiſ ſtale be too thicke, or too thinne, too white, or too red , it betokeneth ſome ſurfet,raw digeſti— ofn,or elſeſome griefe in hiſ reyneſ, bladder or ftoneſ. But Vegeri»ſ ſaith, that it iſ beſt knowne, whether a Horſſebeficke or not, or towardſickneſſe, by theſe fi gneſ heercfollo— wing : for if he be moreſlowand heany in hiſ trotting, or gallopping, harder of Spurre, then he waſ wopnt to be, or ſpreadeth hiſ litter abroad with hiſ feete, often tumbling in the nightſeaſon ,fetching hiſ breath ſhort and violently ,loud ſouffling in the Noſe, and caſting out vaporſ at hiſ Noſtrilſ, or lyeth downe immediatly after hiſ prouender, or ma— 40 kethlong draughtſ in hiſ drinking, or in the night ſcaſon iſ now downe, and now on foot, or if inthe next morning he be very hor in hiſ paſterneſ, or betwixt hiſ eareſ, or thathiſ eatreſ hang more thenthey are wont todoc : againe, ifhiſ eyc—ſight be dim, and hiſ cieſ. hollow in hiſ head, hiſ haireſ ſtanding right vp, and hiſ flankſ hollow and empty , whenſo— enertwo or three of theſe figneſ doe concur together , thea it iſ to be thought, faith Vege— timſ ,thatthe Horſſe iſ not well, and therefore hee would haue him inmme diatly to beeſe— parated fromhiſ companyonſ thatbee whole, and to bee placed by himſelfc vntill hiſ diſeaſe bee perfectly knowne and cured, and eſpecially if it bee any contagionſ dif— tale.: Thaue ſeene diverſ Ferrerſ heere in England to vſethat for the triall of a Horſſeſ ſick— 59 neſſe, which Enenerread in any Author, that iſ, to feele hiſ ſtoneſ, whether they be hot or cold, and to ſmell at hiſ noſtrilſ, and ſor by the ſauour thereofto indge what ſickneſle the Horſſe bath. Truely I thinke that no euill waie, if they can diſcerne with their ſenſe of ſmelling, the dinerſity of ſauoutrſ, that commeth outof hiſ Noſtrilſ, and then aptly apply theſame to the humoutſ whereof ſuch ſamiourſ bee bred, and ſo orderly to ſeeke out Of the Horſſe. 5* 343 out tſihc originall cauſe of hi? ſickeneſ. But I feare mee, thatmore Fetrerſ ſmell without indgement, than with ſuch indgement, and no maruell why , fith that few or none beler— ned, or haue beene brought vp—with ſkilful maiſterſ.But from hence forth I truſt that my traiiaile, will cauſe ſuch Ferrerſ aſ can read , and haue ſome vnderſhnding already, to bee more diligent inſecking after knovſivlcdgc then they haue bin heeretofore, whereby they ſhallbethe better ableto ſeruetheir countrey, and alſo to profit themſelueſ, with good fame, wheraſ now for lacke of knowledge they incurre much ſlander. +Of the Feauer and the dinerſ hindſ t/omſioſſi 19 inahorfe. F'Thinke it willſfeeme ſtraunge vato ſome, to heare that a horſſe ſhoulde have an Ague LorFeauer, biit it waſ not ſtrange vntothemen'of oldetime, aſ to Abſprzmſ, Hierocleſ, Xenophon, Vegetinſ , anid ſuch like olde Souldiorſ ,thoroughlie experimented in horſſeſ griefeſ. A Feuer, according to the learned Phiſirianſ, iſ an ynnaturall and immeoderate heat, which proceeding{firſt from the hart, ſpreadeth itſelfe thoroughout all the arterieſ and vaineſ of the bodie, and ſo letteththe aGionſ thereof, ſ Of Feauerſ there bethree generallkindeſ , whereof the firſt, iſ that which breedeth in the ſpiriteſ, being inflamed or heated more than their nature requireth. The ſecond 20 breedethin thehumorſ, being alſo diſtempered by heat. The third in the fitme partſ of the body, being continually hot. What ſpiritſ and humorſ be, hathbeene told you be— fore in the keeperſ Office. . Of theſe three generall kindſ doe ſpring many other ſpeciall kindſ, aſ Quotidianſ, Tertianſ, Quartaneſ, Feauerſ HedGtique, and very many othetſ, whereunto manſ body iſ ſubie&, whereof none ofmy Authorſ dotreat,vnleſſe vegeriuſ, who ſpeaketh ſomewhat of a Feauer Quotidian, of a Feauer continuall, and alſo of a fea— uer Accidentall. Heſpeakethalſo of Summer, Autumne, and WinterFeauerſ, without making any greatdifference betwixt them, more then that one iſ worſe than another, by reiſon of the time and ſeaſon of the yeare, ſo that in effe all iſ but one Feaner.Where— foreaccording vnto 4b//#@ſ opinion, I willbreefely ſhew youirſt the cauſeſ—whereofit 39 proceedeſ, and then theſigneſ howtoknow it, and fnally how to cure the ſaime. The Feauer chaunceth ſometime by ſurfetting of extreame labour or exerciſe, aſ of too muchtrauelling , and eſpecially in hot weather ,of too {wift gallopping and running, andſometime by extreame heat of the Sunne; and alſoby extreame cold of the ayre, and ſometime it breedeth of crudity or raw digeſtion, which many timeſ happeneth by onuer greedy eating of ſweet green corne,or of ſuch pronuender aſ waſ not throughly driednor clenſed :forafter ſuch greedy eating, and ſpecially of ſuch meat, neuer followeth perfect digeſtion.The ſigneſ to know a Feauer be theſe. The horſſe doth continually hold downe hiſ head, and iſ not ableto lift it vp, hiſ eieſ are euen blown ſo aſ heecannot ealily open them : yea and many timeſ they be watering, the fleſh of hiſ lippeſ andof all hiſ bodye 40 iſ luſh andfeeble, hiſ ſtoneſ hange low, hiſ body iſ hot, and hiſ breath iſ very horteand ſtrong,, he ſtandeth weakly on hiſ leggeſ, and in hiſ going draweth them lazily after him, yea hee cannor goe but very ſoftly, and thatſtaggering heereandthere he will lie downe on hiſ ſide, and iſ not able to turne himſelfe or to wallow ; he forſaketh hiſ meatboth hay and protendet , and iſ deſironſ of nothing but of drinke, which aſ Abſ/rzmſſaith, iſ an aC ſured token of a Feauer : he alſo ſleepeth butlittle, The cure and diet. Lethimblood in the face and Templeſ, and alſo in the pallate of hiſ mouth, and the firſt day giuehim no meat; but onely warme drinke, and that by little and little. Afterward gine him continu— ally graſſe, or elſe very ſweet hay wet in water, and let him be kept warme, and ſometime walkchim vppe and downefaireand ſoftly ina temperate ayre, and then let him reſt, and when you ſeethat he beginneſ to amend , gine him by little and little at once barly faire 50 ſiftedand wel ſodden, and alſo mundified, that iſ to ſay, the huſke pulledawaye, like aſ when you blanch Almondſ. Elupdevile — of 344 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſ?ſ. Of dinerſ fortſ of Fenerſ, according to Vigetiuſ, and firſt of that which continueth but one diy. ==#I He Feauer of one day called by the Geeekname Ephemerſ,or cls_by theLatin 2 ' name D/#azia, chauncethmany timeſ through the raſhneſſe and ſmall difcreti— I} ct, .,ſſſictfzſi on of the keeper, or ſome other that letteth notto ridea horſſe—vameaſura— @ffi@ bly ,either before or after. watering, whereby the horſſe afterward in the ſta— ble entreth into an extreame heate, and ſo fallethinto hiſ Fcucr,_ which you ſhall know partly, by hiſ wateriſh and bloodſhotten eyeſ, and partly, by hiſ ſhort,vxolenſir and hor breathing, and panting. , ; — reai\!ſſcr)]r%oucrfhc wil%forſake hiſ meate, and hiſ Legſ wil wax ſtiffe and feeble. The cure. Lethim haue reſt all the next day following, and be comforted with warme meate, then lethim be walked vp and downe faireandſoftly, and ſo by little and little brought againe to hiſformer eſtate. Oſ the Feaner continuall. He Fever continuall, iſ that which continueth without intermiſſion, and iſ called 20 in Italian by the Latine name Febr# continua, whichſpringeth of ſome inflamation or extreame heate, bredde in the principall memberſ or inwarde parteſ , about the heart, which iſ knowne in thiſ ſort. The Horſſe dothnot take hiſ accuſtomed reſt, where— by hiſ fleſh dothfal away euery day more and more, and ſometime there doth appear hot inflamationſ 'in hiſ flankeſ, and aboue hiſ witherſ. The cure, Purge hiſ head by {quirting nto hiſ Noſtrilſ manſ vrine, or the Water of an Oxe that hath beene reſted a certaine time, to the intent ſuch water may be the ſtronger, and then give him the drinke writen in thenext Chapter. } Of the Fener taken in the Autummne, that iſ to ſay, at the 3 fall of the leafe. blood inthe neckevaine, and alſo in the third furrow of the roofe of hiſ mouth, and then gine bim thiſ drinke. Take of Iermander foure ounceſ, of Gum dragant, and of dryedroſeſ, of each one ounce, beatthem all into fine powder, and put them into a quart of Alc,adding thereuntoof Oyle oliue foure ounceſ, and of Hony aſ much, and give it the Horſſelukewarme, Of the Fener in Summer ſcaſon. a | Feuer taken in Summer ſeaſon iſ much w orſe then in any other time, and eſpecially if it be taken in the Dogge daieſ, for then the accidentſ bemore furiouſ. The ſigneſ be theſe : hiſ artireſ wil beate euidently, and heewill 2yy ſhed hiſ ſeede when he ſtaleth, and hiſ going wil be vnorderly. The cure. S<="21! Let him blood in a vaine that he hath in hiſ hinder hanch, about fourefin— gerſ beneath the fundament, or if you cannot finde that vaine, let him blood in the necke vaine, toward the witherſ, and if it be needefull youmay give him alſo thiſ drinke. Take the iuyce of a handfull of Parſlein mingled with Gum dragant, with Enſenſ, and a fewe 5@ Damaſkeroſeſ,beaten all into fine powder, and then put thereunto a ſufficient quantity ofale made ſweetewith Hony. of IF aHorſſechancetoget a Feauer at thefall of the leafe, canſe him immediatly to be let Of the Horſſe. 345 Of the Fewer in winter. zF] Or the Feauer in Winter, it ſhall be good to take the powder of the drugſ laſt | mentioned, and with a quillor reede, to blowe it vp into hiſ left Noſtrill to il make him to neeſe. It ſhall be good alſo to let him bloode in the necke vaine, Blumdevile 103 ! and in the palat of the mouth, and thento give him one of theſe drinkeſ heere following. Take of Ireoſ ſixe ounceſ, of round Pepper one ounce, of Bay berrieſ» and of , theſeedeof Smallage, of each one ounce;andlet him drinke them with ſodden Wine. Or elſe take a pint ofgood Milke, and put therein of Oylefoure ounceſ, of Saffron one ſcruple, of Myrrhetwo ſcrupleſ, of the ſeede of Smallage a ſpoonefull, and make him drinke that : or make himthiſ drinke. Take of Ariſtoloch, otherwiſe called round Hart— woitone ounce, of Gention, of Iſop, of Wormwoode, of Sothernwood, of each one ourice, of dry fat Figſ ſixe ounceſ, of the ſeede of Smallage three ounceſ,,of Rue a hand—, full, boile them allin a cleane veſſelLwith Rinver Water, votill the third part be conſumed, and when you ſee itlooke blacke and thicke, take it from the fire, ſtraine it, and givne the Horſſe to drinke thereof lukewarme, E Aſtouching hiſ dyet, let hiſ water be alwaieſ lukewarme, wherein would be put a little a 0 Wheatmeale, and remember to giite him no meate ſo long aſ hiſ fit continueth. And becauſein all Agueſ it iſ good to .quicken the naturall heate of the Horſſe,by rubbing and fretting hiſ body, it ſhall not be amiſſe in ſome faire day to vſe thiſ friction, called of the ancient writerſ Apororap/e, which iſ made in thiſ ſort. Take of Damaſke Roſeſ onepound, of olde Oyle a pinte, of ſtrong vineger a pinte and a halfe, of Minteſ and Rue beaten into powder, of each one ounce and a halfe, together with one olde dry Nut, beate themand minglethem together, then being ſtrained and madelukwarme,rub and chafealthe hor— ſeſ body therewith againſtthe haire, vntill he beginneth to ſweate, thenſet him vp in the warmeſt place of the ſtable, and coucr him well. : 30 Of the Fener which commeth ojſiſi rſſctw digeſtion, . orofrepletion. Ou ſhallknow if the Feuer proceedeth ofany ſuch cauſe, by theſeſigneſ heere fol— Ylowing. The Horſſe willblow atthe noſe more then hee iſ accuſtomed to doe, ſee— methtofetcithiſ winde onely at hiſ noſe, and hiſ breach willbeeſhort, hot and dryz youſhall ſee hiſ flankſ walke, and hiſ backe to beate. The cure. Cauſehim to belet blood aboundantly in the head, and palat of hiſ mouth, and by ſquirting warme vineger in the morning into hiſ noſtrilſ, force him to neeſe : and if hee bee coſtiue, let hiſ fundament beraked, or elſe ginehim a gliſter to caſethe paine in hiſ head. And aſ touching hiſ dyet,; 40 givehim butlittlepronender, or hay , neither let him drink much nor often, but betwixt timeſ; But in any wiſe let him bewellrubbedand chafed, and that a good whiletogethery and if you vſethe friction declared in the laſt chapter before inſuch ſortaſ there iſ ſaid, it ſhalldo him very much good. | Of the Fener accidentall comming of ſome vicer in the mouth or throat, HeHorſſe not being wellkept and gonuerned, after that he hath beene let blood in., the vpper parteſ : yea, and alſo beſideſ that of hiſ owne nature iſ ſubiect vnto the \diſtillation in hiſthroate, or parteſthere about,, the painefull ſwelling or vicer wher— of, cauſeth the Horſſe to fall into agricuouſ Ague. Whereof, beſideſ theformer reme— dieſ apt to purgehumorſ, it ſhall be neceſſary alſo, tolet him bloode in the vaine of the head, and in the palat ofhiſ mouth, and to bee ſhort in all thoſe plateſ where the diſeaſe cauſethmoſtgricfe . And if the Horſſe bee ſo ſore pained aſ he cannot ſwallow dowgc iſ 3y 34.6 T he Hiſtorieof Fonre—footed Beaſtſ. hiſ meate, it ſhall bee good to give him lukewarme water, mingled with Barly mcale, or wheat meale, and beſideſ that, to make him ſwſizllovſſ downcſſ{cucn ſſſops ſOppcd in wine one afteranother,atone time : ſoine vſeat theſecond time to dip ſuchſopſ in ſweet ſallet oile. Thuſ fgr Vegetinſ. — Of i tþeſſ?@ctzlmt \n ced Xſ fin Martinſ opinion ctfld ex{:zemncc touching a Horſſeſ S f CUEL. < 3\ Hough Aarzin hanue notſeene ſo many ſenerallkindeſ offeterſ, to chance toHorſſeſ, yet he confeſſeth that a Horſſe will hanea feauer, and ſaith that time of ouermuchlabour , heate, colde, hunger , aad ſometime of ſudden running after long reſt, or of the retention or holding of ſtale or vrine, or p/ypdevile GP\| of drinking colde water whileſ theHorſſe iſ hor and ſweating , for all theſe " thingſ do breede corrupt humorſ in the Horſleſ body, whereofthe Peſti— lence doth chiefely proceede, or elſe of the cormption ofthe aire, poyſoning the breath, whereby the Beaſteſ ſhould line, which alſo happeneth ſometime ofthe corruption ofe— euill vaporſ and exhalationſ that ſpring out of the earth,and after great floodeſ or earth— quakeſ, andſometime bymeaneſ of ſome cuill diſtillation or influence of the Planetteſ, corrupting ſometime the plantſ and fruitſ of the earth, and ſometime diuerſ kinch ofcat— tell, and ſometime both men, Women and children, aſ wee daiely ſee by experience. It ſeemeth that thiſ euillor miſchiefe in timeſ paſte came ſuddenly, without giving any war— 50 ning,for none of mine Authorſ doth declare any ſigneſ how to know whether a Horſſe hath thiſ diſeaſe or not, but onely affirme, that if one Horſle do. die of it , al hiſfelloweſ thatbeare him company will follow after, if they bee not remedied in time: ſo that aſ far aſ Ican learne, the ſudden death of one or two, firſt, muſtbee the onely meane to knowe that thiſ diſeaſe daqeth reigne. And the remedy that they give iſ thiſ. Firſt ſepara(ehthle $Wf t wholg Markham., 348 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. whole from the ſicke : yea ,and have them cleane out of the aire of thoſe that bedead, the bodieſ whereofaſ Vegetiſ ſaith, if they benot deep buried, will infect al t.he reſt. And let them blood aſ wel in the neck, aſ inthe mouth, & then give them thiſ drink:take of Gen. tian, of Ariſtoloch, of Bay berrieſ, of Myrrhe, oftheſcraping of Iuory, of eachlike quan . tity, beate them into fine powder, and give aſ well to the ſicke aſ to the whol_c, whome you would preſeruefrom thiſ contagion, every day a (poopcfull or two of thiſ powder in a pinte of good wine, ſolong aſ you ſhallſee it ncedeſſfull- Thiſ mſi:dlgxne before tehear.. ſed, iſ called of the ancient writerſ D/aperze, that iſ to ſay : a coxypoſiqon oſfiu_e ſimpleſ, and iſ praiſed to be a ſoueraigne medicine and preſeruativue againſt al inward diſeaſeſ,and therefore they would haue ſuch aſ trauell by the way, to carty of thiſ powder alwaieſ a— 10 them. bom'ſhere be many other Medicineſ which Lleaue to write, becauſe if Iſhould rehearſe euery manſ medicine, my booke would beinfinite, I for my part would vieno other then either thatbefore expreſſed, or elſe wine and treacle oncly. Of the diſeaſeſ in the head. plundevile He head iſ ſubieG to dinerſ diſeaſeſ according to the dinerſ parteſ thereof: for in Tſhc pannicleſ or litrle fine Skinſ cleauing to the boneſ, and conering the braine, do moſtproperly breed headach and migram. Againe in theſubſtance of the braine (which in a Horſſe iſ aſ much in quantity aſ iſ almoſtthe braine of a meane hog)»dobreede the Erenſie, madneſſe, flecping euill, the palley andforgerfulneſſe. Finally, m the ventri— cleſ or celleſ of the braine, and in thoſe conductſ through which the ſpiritſ annimall doe give feeling and mouing to the body,do breede the turnſick or ſtaggerſ, the faling euill, thenight mare, the Apoplexy,the palſic, and the conuulſion or Cramp, the Catarre or Rheume, which in a Horſſe iſ called the Glaunderſ, but firſt of headach. Of headeach. 30 He headeach, either commeth of ſome inward cauſeſ : aſ offome cholerick humor, bred in the pannicleſ of the braine, or elſe offom outward cauſe, aſ of extream heat or cold, of ſome blow , or of ſome violent ſauour. Ermelwſ ſaith , that itcommeth of raw digeſtion : but 1%9%/2 ſaith moſt commontly of cold: the ſigneſ be theſe. The Horſſe will hang downe hiſ head, and alſo hang downe hiſ eareſ, hiſ ſight will be dimme , hiſ eleſ ſwollen and wateriſh, and he will forſake hiſ meat, The cure. Let him bloode in the palat of hiſ mouth. Alſo purge hiſ head with thiſ perfume. Take of Garlike ſtalkeſ a handfull, allto broken in ſhort pieceſ, and a good quantity of Frankencenſe, and being put intoa chafingdiſhoffreſh coaleſ, holde the chafingdiſh vnder the Horſſeſ Noſtrilſ, o aſ the fume may aſcende vp into hiſ head : and in vſing him thuſ once or twice, it wil make him 4* to caſtat thenoſe,and ſo purge hiſ head of al filth. Pelogoninſ ſaith,,that it iſ goodto poucr into hiſ Noſtrilſ wine, wherein hath beeneſodden Ewforbinm, Centuary, and Franken— CEnCe. Of the frenzy and madneſſe of a Horſe. | Helearned Phyſicianſ domake dinerſ kindeſ , aſ well offrenſie, aſ of mad— | neſſe, whichare not needefullto berecited, ſithI could never read' in any Author,nor learne ofany PFerrer,that a horſſe were ſubie& to the one halfe \ of them. Abſiytuſ , Hierecleſ, Eumeluſ, Pelagoniuſ,and Hippocrateſ, do write 59 4 ſimply defwrore & rabie : that iſ toſay, of the madneſſe of a Horſſe. But in— deede vegetinſ in hiſ ſecond booke of horſeleach—craft, ſeemeth to make foure mad paſi— onſ belonging to a Horſſe, intituling hiſ Chapterſ in thiſ ſort, de Appyyſo, de Frenerico, de Cardiaciſ de Rabioſo,che effectſ wherofthough 1 feare me itwil be to no greatpurpoſe,yet to content ſuch aſ perhapſ haue read the Author aſ welaſ I my ſelfe, I wil heere bricfly re— hearſe the ſame. c ' þ When aſ & Of the Horſſe. 349 When ſomenaughty blood (ſaith hey doth ſtrike the filme or pannacle of thebrain,in one part onely, and makeththe ſame grienouſly to ake, then the beaſt becommeth Appi— ofum,that iſ t ſay, aſ it ſeemeth by hiſ ownewordſnext following, both dul ofmind and offight. Thiſ word ppio/ſa»», iſ a ſtrange word, and notto be found againeinany other Author, and becauſe in thiſ paſſion, the one fide of the head iſ on ely grieuedthe Horſſſ turneth round, aſthough be went in a Mill.. But when the poyſon of ſuch corruptblood dothinfectthe mid braine, then the Horſe becommeth Frantike, and will leape and fling; andwilrnn againſtthe walſ. And if ſuchbloodfilleth the vaineſ of the ſtomach, or breaſt, thenit infeGeth aſ well the heart aſ the brain, and cauſethalienation of mind,; and thebo< 1 0 dy to ſweate, and thiſ diſeaſe iſ called ofV_eget/ctm, Pzſſ_ſhmm'mm, which if Egumſ Appioſuſ chance to haue, then he becommeth Rabjo/wſ, that iſ toſay ,ſtarke mad. For ſaith he,by overmuch heat of the liner and blood, the vaineſ, and artireſ of the heart are choked vp, for griefe and paine whereof the Horſſe biteth himſelle,and gnawethhiſ owne fleſh. . Offtwo fortſ of mad horſeſ, I beleeue I haue ſeene my ſelfe heere in thiſ Realme, For I ſaw once a black Sweathland Horſſe (aſ I tooke him to beyin my Lord of Hunſdonſ ſtable at Hunſdon, comming thither by: chance with my Lord Morley, which Horſſe would ſtand all day long biting ofthe manger, and eatlittle meate or none, ſufferin g Domanto aprochynto him,by which hiſ doingſ,and partly by hiſ colour and complexion,I indged him to be vexed with a melancholy madneſle, calied ofthe Phyſitianſ, Mazia,or rather a 0 Melantholia, which commeth ofa corrupt Melancholy, and filthy blood orhumor,ſom— time ſpred throughout al the vaineſ of thebody , and ſometimeſ perhapſ remaining only in the head, or elſe in the ſpleene, or placeſ next adioyning. The other mad Horſſe waſ a Roane of Maiſterſ Afhleieſ, maiſter of the Iewell houſe, which with hiſ teeth cruſhed hiſ maiſterſ right forefinger in picces_,wlgſiileſt he offered him a litcle hay to eate, whereby hee loſt in a manver the vſe of hiſ whole hand ,to the great griefe of al hiſfriendſ ,and alſo of al the muſeſ, which were wont to be much delighted with ſuch paſſingſweete muſick aſ that hiſ fine quauering hand couldſometime make vpon diverſ inſtrumenteſ, but eſpecially vpon the Virginalſ. 51 t Thiſ Horſle I ſay thoughhe could eathiſ meat, drinke hiſ drink, and ſIcepe : yetifhee 0 were never ſo little offended, he would take on like a ſpirit,and both bite and ſtrike at any man that came nigh him : yea and would bite himſelfe by the ſhoulderſ moſt terribly,pul lingaway lumpſ of fleſh, ſo broad aſ a manſ hand: and whenſoeuer he waſ ridden, he waſ faxine to be muſled with a muſſell ot iron , made of purpoſe to keepe him frombiting cither of hiſ rider or himſelfe, which o doubt proceeded ofſome kindeofftenzy or madneſ, whereunto the Horſle waſ ſubie&t ,by meaneſ that hotblood (aſ Itake ity abounded oner— much in him. But now aſ touching the cauſeſ, ſigneſ, and cure of Horſſeſ madneſſe, you ſhal heare the opinion of old writerſ : for M7#/7 neyer tooke ſuch cure in hand. Abſ/yzmſ, and the other Authorſ before mentioned ſay , that the madneſſe of a Horſſe commeth ei— ther by meaneſ of fome extreame heat taken by traueling,or long ſtanding in the hot ſun, or elſe by eating ouer many fitcheſ, orby fome hor bloode reſforring to the pannicleſ of 4" thebrain ,or through aboundance of choler remaining in the vaineſ,or elſe by drinking of ſome vety vawhol{ome water. The ſigneſ bee theſe, he wilbite the manger, and hiſ owne body, and run vpon euery man thatcomeſ nigh him, he will continually ſhake hiſ eareſ, and ſtare with hiſ eieſ , and fome at the mouth : and alſo aſ Hipocrateſ ſaith, hee will forſake hiſ meat and pine himſelfe with hunger, The cure. Cauſe him to be let blood in hiſ Legſ abotindanly,, which iſ doone (aſ I take it) to divert the bloode from hiſ head . Notwithſtanding it were not amiſſe, to let him blood in the Neck and breſt vainſ. Then give him thiſ drinke: taketherootſ of wildCow— cumber.and boile it in harſhredwine,& put thereunto a litle Nitre, and give it him with a — Dornlukwarm :or if you can get no Cucumber, then take Rue,& Mintſ, and boile them in the wine. It were not amiſſe alſo to addethereunto a handfuil of blacke Elleboruſ, for that iſ a very good herbe agaioſt madneſ. Egmel/w: ſaich, that if you give him manſ dung in wine to drink 3.morningſ rogether ,it wil heale him:allo to take of black Elleboruſ 2 .or 3.bandfulſ,& boileit in a ſufficient quantity of ſtrong vineger, & therwith rub and chafe both hiſ head andallhiſ body once or twice a day, for the oftner hiſ head iſ rubbed the 5 HbL better þ9 AMarkham., Blundevile Markham. The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. bettrer, and often exerciſe iſ very profitableto al_ hiſ body_. Some againe wouctld havethe ſkin of hiſ head to be pierced in dinerſ placeſ with an hotiron, to lez out t_hc euillhumorſ; but ifnone of all thiſ will prevaile, then thelaſt remedy iſ to gclc{lmn of bothihiſ ſtoneſ, or elſe of one atthe leaſt, for either that wil heale himor elſenothing. Aſ tochbing thedi— etand vſage of a mad Horſe, the Authorſ doenot .agrcc,'for ſome wouldþaue l_mn kept ina cloſe, darkeand quicet houſe, voyde from allnoiſe, whichaſ 45/%%2»ſ ſiith; will either makebim madder, or elſe killhim out of hand. Hiſ diet woulc! be thin,thz}t iſ to ſay : with. out any provuender, and that daie that he iſ letblood and receineth hiſ dtinke, they wonld haue him faſt vntill euen, and then to haue a warme maſh of Barly meale : yea, methinkeſ it were notamiſſe to feed him only with warm maſheſ and hay, and that by a little at once vatillhebeſomewhat recoucred. i Another of the Head—ache. He Head—acheaſ moſt are opynionated, proceedeth of cold and raſt digeſtion, the cure iſ, take a Gooſe feather annointed with Oyle de bay, and thruſt it vp into the horſſeſ noſtrilſ,to make him neeſe, then take a wreath of Peaſe—ſtraw or wet hay ,and purting fire thereunto, hold it vnder the horſſeſ noſe, ſo aſ theſmoke may aſcend vp itito hiſ head, then being thuſ perfurmed, take a knife and pricke bim in the pallat of the mouth, ſo aſ he may licke vp and chaw hiſ own blood , which done, haue great care in keeping hiſ hcad warme, and doubt not hiſ recoucry. Of the flecpingrenill. Hiſ iſ a diſeaſe forcing the beaſt continually to ſleepe, whether he wilor not, taking hiſ memory and apperite cleaneaway, and therefore iſ called of the Phy ſitianſ Ze— tharguſ, ivproceedeth of aboundance of flegme moiſtening the brain ouermuch It iſ eaſie to know it, by the continuall leeping of the Horſſe. The cure of thiſ diſeaſeac— a+ w 0 0 0 cording to Pelagoniuſ, Vegetinſ, and otherſ, iſ in thiſ ſort. Let him bloode in the necke, : and then give him thiſ drinke : Take of Camomileand Motherwort, of each two or three handfulſ, and boile them in a ſufficient quantity of water,and put thereunto a little wheat bran,ſalt and vineger, and let him drinke a pinte ofthat euery day, the ſpace of three or foure daieſ together. It iſ good alſo to perfume and chafehiſ hed, with Time & Penitoy— allſodden together in vineger,or with Brimſtone and featherſ burned vpon a chafingdiſh of coaleſ vnder hiſ noſe:andto proucokehim toneeſe, by blowing pepper and Pyrethre beaten to powder, vp into hiſ noſtrilſ : yea and to annoint the palate of hiſ mouth, with Hony and Muſtardmingled together, and in hiſ drinke, which would be alwaieſ warme water, to put Parſly ſeede, and Fennell ſeede, to prouoke vrine. Hiſ Legſ alſo would bee bathed, and hiſ hooueſ filled with wheat bran,ſalt, and vineger, ſodden togither , and laid too ſo hot aſ hee may indure it, and in any caſe ſuffer him not to fleepe butkeepe him waking and ſtirring, by continual crying vato him,or pricking him with ſome ſharp thing that caunot paſſe through the ſkin, or elſe by beating him with a whip, and thiſ doing he ſhall recouer. Another of the ſleeping euill. THe ſlecping euil in a horſſe, differeth nothing from that which the Phyſitianſ cal the Lethargy in men ,for it prouoketh the horſſe to ſleep continually, withoutr diſiſting, robbing hiſ memory andappetite of their qualitieſ : the knowledge thereof iſ caſily 5"? knowne by hiſ drowſineſſe,and the cure in thiſ ſort: Let one ſtand by him,and either with fearefull noiſe or ſtripeſ, perforcekeepe him waking : then let him bloode vnder the cieſ, and in the necke, and then takea leafe or two of the beſt Tybareo, which being dryed and beaten to powder, with a quill blow it vp into hiſ noſtrilſ , and gine him to drinke vineger» ſalt, and Muſtard mingled well together , to which if you put a little Honye, it ſhall nor be Of the Horſſe. "3z51 beamiſſe : and allo when he drinketh any water, put thereto cither Ferinel—ſeedeſ, Anny— e — feedeſorPepper. & Of a Horſſe that iſ taken. Horſſe iſ ſaid to be taken ,when he iſ deprived of hiſ feeling and mouing, ſo aſ he iſ A ableto ſtir no manner of way , but remaineth in ſuch ſtate and forme,aſ he waſ taken in. Which diſeaſe iſ called of the Phyſitianſ by the Greeke name Cazalep/#ſ, and in Latine Deprehenſio, or Congelatio and of Vegetiuſ, Sideratio,which alſo calleth thoſe beaſtſ ®® thathaue thiſ diſeaſe Zymenta ſideratit:a. The phyſitianſſay, that it commeth of aboun— dance of Phlegine and choler mixt to gether,or elſe of melancholy blood, which iſ a cold dry humor opreſſing the hinder partſ of the brain. But Þeger/» ſaith,chatit comſ of ſome extreame outward cold ; ſtriking ſodainely into the empty vaineſ, orſomem@xtreame heate orrawdigeſtion, or elſe of ſome great hunger , cauſed bylong faſting. It iſ eaſie to knowe by the deſcription before mentioned. Aſ touching the cure, "egez/wſ ſaith, that if it come of colde, then it iſ good to gine him to drinke, one ounceof Laſerpitium, with Wine and Oyle mixt together, and made lukewarmeſ: if of heat, then to give it him with water and hony : if of crudity, then to heale him by faſting : if of hunger, then by feeding bivſ well with Peaſe, But Marz/2 ſaith , that 2© thiſ difeaſe iſ called of the French—men Strprivſ and it commeth(aſ he ſaithy moſt chiefly ofcold taken after a heat, & he wiſheth a borſſe that iſ thuſ taken, to be cured in thiſ ſort. Firſt to be let blood on bothſideſ of the breaſt, and then to be put in a heat either by con— tinuall ſtirring and moleſting him, or elſe if he wil ſtir by no meaneſ , then to bury him all ſaue the bead in a warme dimghil, and ther to let him lie vatil hiſ limbſ hane ſome feeling. And before youſo bury him, it ſhall be good to givue him thiſ drinke. Take of Malmſie | three pintſ, and put thereunto a quarterne of . Suger, andſome Cinamon and Cloneſ, and lethim drinke it good and warme, and vntill he be perfectly whole, let him be kept warm; and oftenexerciſed and walked vp and down in the ftable, and thinly dieted, and drink no— thing butwarme watet, wherein if you put ſome Fennelland Parſlyſeed;to pronoke him 3© tovrine,it ſhal be the better: And if he cannot dung, let him beeraked, and hane a gliſter made of the broath of Malloweſ and freſh Butter. Another of a Horſſe that iſ taken. | Horfſe which iſ bereft of hiſ fecling, moouing or ſtirring, iſſaid to be taken, and in ſooth ſo he iſ, in that he iſ arreſted by ſo vallainouſ a diſeaſe, yet ſome Farriorſ, not Markhain wel vnderſtanding the ground of the diſcsſe,con(ſſr the word taken , to beeſtriken * by ſome Plannet or cuill ſpirit, which iſ falſe, for it proceedeth of too great aboundance of flemeand choler.ſimboliz'd together,,the cure iſ thuſ.Let him blood in hiſ ſpur vainſ , andhiſ breaſt vaineſ, and then by foulding him in aboundant number of cloathſ, drivne him into an extreame ſweat, during which time of hiſ ſweating,letone chafe hiſ legſ with oyle de bay then after he hath ſweatthe ſpace of two houreſ, abate hiſ'cloathſ moderatly, and throughly after he iſ dry, annoint him all ouce with Oyle Perrelinm, andin twice or thrice dreſling him he wilbe found. ; » Blupdevile % 40 " Of the Staggerſ. 3 member Capiſtura, Itcommeth of ſome cotrupt bloode, or gfflſſctc _9-"4 toughhu— morſ oppreſſing the brain,from whence proceedeth a vaporouſ ſpirit,diſſo] Ulſſ?d b}' aweake heat, which troubleth all the head. The ſigneſ be theſe ; dimneſſe offight, the ree— lingand ſtaggering of the Horſſe, who for very pain wilthruſthiſ headagainſt thewalleſ, andforſake hiſ meate. The cure according to Martip iſ thuſ. > a id + Hh 2 Let { l 'Hiſ iſ a dizzineſe of the head; called in Latine—werzrigo; and ofthe Italianſ aſ I fe— pyyyoj/e 50 +Markham. Blundevile T Hiſ iſ a kind of convulſionor crampe, called of the Latinſ by the Greek name Epi—* The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Lethimblood in the temple vaineſ, and then with aknife, make an hole an inch long i a 7 & f 3 ouerwart hiſ forehead, hard vnderneath hiſ fore—top, and raiſe the Skinne with a Cornet, thruſting it vpward towardſ the head—ſtaleagood handfull, and then put in a taint dipt in Turpentineand hogsſſgrcacc mo]tcp together, renewing the taint enery day once vinuillit be whole, and do the like vpon the ridge of the rumpe, but methinkeſ it were better to do the like, in the powle of hiſ head, or nape of hiſ necke, for ſo ſhould the euil humorſ haye both waieſ the eaſier and ſpeedier paſſage : and aſ touching hiſ dyct , let bim have conti. nually warme drinke, and maſheſ, and once a day be walked vp and downe faire andſoftly to exerciſe hiſ body . Of the Staggerſ. He Staggerſ iſ a dizy diſeaſe, breeding frenzy in a quſſc, whichifitbenotinſtant. ly helped, iſ mortall: the cure iſ thuſ. Lethim blogd inthe tem plþ vaineſ, and then aply to hiſ templeſ cloath wet in theinyce of Garlike,and Aqw4 vite mixt together : if you cruſh Garlike and put it in hiſ eareſ, it iſ excellent : or if youſlithiſ forchead, and looſening the Skin from the bone, taint it with Turpentine and Sallet—oyle, it will vndoub— tedly help him. ! — Of the falling euill. lepſia, in Italian, 2/ 2207 bo caduco, depriving the beaſtat certaine timeſ, and for a cer— taineſpace of the vſe of feeliftg, hearing and ſeeing, and of althe other ſenſeſ. And although it bea difeaſe that hath bin ſeldome ſeene to chance vnto Hotrſeſ of thiſ Coun— trey ,yet itappeareth by Ab//z05,and alſo by Vegetinſ, and dinerſ otherſ, that Horſſeſ be ſubieA therunto. For Ab//#wſ writing to hiſ friend Tibeyinſ Clandiuſ ſaith, that vnto hor— ſeſ chanceth many timeſ the falling ſickneſſe. The ſigneſ whereofaretheſe. The Horſſe will fall down ſuddenly,partly through thereſolution of hiſ memberſ, and partly through diſtenſion of hiſ ginneweſ, and al hiſbody will quiuer and quake,and ſomtime he wil fome at the mouth. Vege@yſ againe writeth in thiſ ſort : by a certaine courſe of the Moorichor— 10 C: 0 ſeſ and other beaſtſ many timeſ do fal, and die for a time aſ wel aſ men. The ſignſ wherof 32 aretheſe. Being fallen,,their bodieſ willquiuer and quake, and their mouthſ will fome, and when a man would thinke that they would die out of hand,they riſe ſuddenly vp and fal to their meat. And by feeling the griſtle of their Noſtrilſ with your finger , you ſhallknow whetherthey wil faloften or not : for the more cold the griſtlebe,the oftner, and the leſſe cold it be, the ſeldomer, they wilfal. The cure. »* | Let him bloode aboundantly in the necke vaineſ, and within fiue daieſ after let him blood againe in the temple vaineſ and let him ſtand in a warme and darke ſtable, and an— noint al hiſ body with comfortable ointmentſ, and hiſ head and eareſ with O yle of Bay, and liquid Pitch or Tar, mingled together. And alſo putſome therof into hiſ eateſ, and . >' & I $ o andthen make a Biggen for him of ſome ſoft warm ſkin ,aſ of a ſheepeſ Skin, or elſ of can. * uaſ, ſtuffedvnderneath with woll, and make him thiſ purging drink. Take of Radiſh rootſ two ounceſ, of the root of the herb called in Latine Panax 7 pamateſ, andof Scammony, ofeachone ounce, beate al theſe thingſ together , and boile them in a quart of Hony, and atſundry timeſ aſ you ſhal ſee it needefull, give him a good ſpoonefull or two of thiſ ina quart of Ale lukewarme, whereunto would be put three or foure 1 poonefulſ of oyle. It iſ good alſo to blow the powder of Motherwort, or of Pyrethrum, vp into hiſ noſtrilſ, and ifthe diſeaſe do continue ſtil for al thiſ, theniit ſhal be needeful to pearſe the ſkinne ofhiſ forchead in diverſ placeſ with a hot iron, and to let out the humorſ oppreſſing hiſ braine. of the night Mare. Hiſ iſ 2 diſcaſe oppreſſing either man or beaſt in the night ſeaſon when he leepeth, ſo aſ he cannor drawe hiſ breath, and iſ called of the Latineſ Zycybaſ. It commeth ofa continual crudity or raw digeſtion of the ſtomach, from whence grofile vaporſ aſcen— 58 &—, C { Of the Horſſe. aſcending vp into the head , do oppreſſe the braine, and al the ſenſitiue powerſ, ſo aſ they eannot do their office, in giving perfed feeling and mouing to the body.: And if chiſ dif— eaſe chancing often to a man, be not cured in time, it may perhapſ grow to a worſe miſ— chiefe, aſ to the faling euil, madneſſe, or Apopelexy. But I could neuer learne thar Hor— ſeſ wereſubiect to thiſ diſeaſe, neither by relation, nor yet by reading, but only in an old Eogliſh writer, who ſheweth neither cauſe nor ſigneſ , how to know when a horſſe hath A but onely teacherh how to cure it with a fond fooliſh charme, which becauſe it may per— hapſ make you gentle Readet to laugh, aſ wel aſ it did me, for recreation ſake I will heere rehearſe it. Take a flint ſtone that hath a hole of hiſ owne kinde; and hangit ouer him, and 1o writeinabill. In nomine patriſ, &c. Saint George our Ladieſ Knight, + + He walked day, ſo did he night ; "& Vatill he her found, He her beate, and he her bound, Till trucly her troath ſbe him plight, That ſhe would not come within the night, There aſ [aint George our Ladieſ knight, Nathed waſ threc timeſ, ſaint George. 20 And hang thiſ ſcripture ouer him, and let him alone : with ſuch proper charmeſ aſ thiſtſ; 30 40 from the neather part of the care downe to the ſhoulderſ.and drawalſo a good long ſtrike. 5 thefalſe Frierſ in timeſ paſt were wont to charme the mony out of plaine folkſ purſeſ. Of the APOP]BX_)'. He Apoplexy, iſ a diſeaſe depriving all the whole body of ſenſe and mouing. Apd Tif it deprive but part ofthe body, thenit iſ called of the Latineſ by the Greeke name Paralyſiſinour tongue a palſic. It proceedeſ of cold,groſſe, and tough humorſ,op— prefſing the braincallat once, which may breed partly of cruditieſ and raw digeſtion, and — partly by meaneſ of ſome hurt in the head, taken by a fall, ſtripe, or otherwiſe. Aſtouch— ing Apoplexy,few or none writing of horſleach—craft do make any mention thereof ; but of the PalſicZegerinſ writeth in thiſ manner. A Horſſe(ſaithbe) may haue the pallic aſ wel aſ a man, which iſknowne by theſeſigneſ. He will go grouclling and ſideling like a Crab, carrying hiſ neeke awry; aſ if it were broken, and goeth crookedly with hiſ legſ, beating hiſ head againſt the walſ and yetforſakethnot hiſ meatenor drink, andhiſ proucnderſee— methmorſtand wer. The cure. Let him blood in the temple vaine, on the contrary ſide ofthe wrying of hiſ necke, and annoint hiſ necke with comfortable ointment, and {} plentit with ſplentſ of wood to make it ſtand right, and let him ſtand in a warme ſtable, and give him ſuch drinkſ aſare recited in the next chapter folldwing. But if all thiſ profitethnor, then draw hiſ necke with a hot yron on the contrary fide : that iſ to ſay ;on the whole ſide , on hiſ temple, on that ſide and onthe other temple make him alittle ſta; in thiſ ſort,* and from hiſ raineſ to hiſ mid backe, draw little lineſ , in manner of a ragged ſtaffe, andthat willhcale him. Of the ((rampe or comvulſion of the ſinneweſ . and Muſcleſ. ther of the ſinneweſ and Muſcleſ which doe happenſometime through the whole body, and ſometimie but in one part or member only. And according aſ the body may be diverſely drawne, ſo do the Phyſitianſ,and alſo mine Authorſ that write of horſe— leach craft, giue it diverſ nameſ. | For if the body be drawne forward, then they callit in Greeke Emproſthotonoſ, in Latine Tenſio ad anteriora. And if the body be drawne backe, it. iſ called in Greeke Op//Phoromeſ; in Latine 72 enſio ad peſterior a . b A Conuulſion or craimpe , iſ a forceable and painefull contracion or drawing toge— 0 353 Elundevile B4 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. But ifthebody be ſtarke and ſtraite, bowing neither forward, nor back\ſſ-ſi'a'rſſd, then it iſ calledſimply in Greeke Texamſſ, in Latine Diſfenſro or Rigor : which nameſ alfoare appli— edto the lke conuulſionſ of the necke. Notwithſtanding, Feger/@ſ writing of thiſ dicaſe, intitulech hiſ chapterſ de Roboraſ?ſ, a ſtrange terme, and not to be found againe in any o— ther Author. A conuulſionaſ Iſaid before, may chance aſ well to one part or member of, thebody, aſ to the whole body : aſ to the eic, to the ſkin of the iorehcſi}d,to therooteſ of thetongue, to the iaweſ, to thelipſ,to thearme, hand or Legge : :1};1\ iſ to ſiy, wh(_:nſocct uer the finaew or muſcle ſeruing to the moouing of that part, iſ euillaffeSed or gricued. Ofwhich conunlſionſ,though ther be many diverſ cauſeſ : yet Hiſpoczateſ bringeth them allinto two : that iſ to ſay , intofulneſſe and emptineſſe : for when a copunlſion procee— deth either ofſome inflamation of ſuperfluouſ eating or drinking, or for lacke of duce pur— gation, or of ouermuch reſt and lacke of exercile, all ſuch cauſeſ are to bf: referred tore— pletion or fulneſſe. Butif a conuulſion come by meanſ of oucr{}mch purging or bleeding, or much watching, extreame labor, long faſting, or by wounding or pricking of the fin— neweſ, then al ſuch cauſeſ areto be referred vnto emptineſſe, And if the conuulſion pro— ceede of fulneſſe, itchancethſuddenly , andallat once, but if of emptyneſſe, then it com— methby littleand little , and leiſurely . & Beſideſ theſe kindeſ of conuulſionſ , there iſ alſo chancing mary timeſ in a manſ fin— gerſ, Leggeſ and toeſ, anotherkindof conuulſion, which may bee c.a!lcd a windye con— unlGon, for that itproceedeſ of ſome grofſe or toughvapor, entred into the brauncheſ ofthe ſinneweſ, which maketh them to ſwell like a Lute ſtrng in moyſt weather, which though it be very painefull for the time, yerit may bee ſoone driven away, by chafing or rubbing the member grienued with a warme cloath. Andthiſkind of conuulſion or cramp chanceth alſo many timeſ to a Horſſeſ hinder Legſ, ſtandingin the ſtable. For Lhaueſeeneſome my ſelfe, that haue had one of their hinder Leggeſ drawne vp with the crampealmoſt to the belly ſo ſtiffe and hard, aſ no man hath beeneable to ſtir it, neither could the Horſſe himſelfeſet it down to the ground of along ſeaſon, which 'I think mightbeſoone remedied : firſt by continuallchafing, fretting; or_rubbing hiſ Legſ with a good wiſpe, and then by tying vp the other hinder Legge, or elſe the forelegge on the fore ſide, wherby he ſhould beforced to ſet downthe pained Leg.Thuſ far Ihane diſcour— Ted of the conunlſion of ſinneweſ, and of the canſeſ therof, according to the opinionſ of the learned Phyſitianſ. Now I wil briefly ſhew you the cauſeſ, ſigneſ, and cure thereof, according to the doGrine of mine Authorſthat write of horſeleach—craft. Abſiytuſ ſaith, that thiſ diſeaſe docth come, either by driving the Horſſe into aſweate when he halteth, or for that he hath troden vpon ſome naile ,or by taking cold after iour— nying and ſweating in Winter ſeaſon, whereby hiſlippeſ are clung together, orbylong lying and reſtafter ſweating, whereby the ſinneweſ of hiſ foreleggeſ be nummed ,or by hauing ſome ſtripe of hiſ priuy membetſ ,or by long trauclling in the colde Mountaineſ, where ſnowe and Iſedothabound. For Theorpeſtyſ Wiiteth, that comming out of Per— we oo 0 6 uia, with the King and hiſ army , and paſſing ouer the Mountaineſ to goe into Italy, there 49 fellſuchaboundance of ſnow , aſ not onely many Souldierſ dyed, ſitting ſtill on their hor— ſeſ backſ, with their Weaponſ in their handeſ, being ſo ſtarke and ſtifte, and cleauingſo faſt to their Saddleſ, aſ they cold not caſily be pulled out of them : but alſo diverſ horfleſ in their going were ſo nummed aſ they could not bow their legſ: yea and ſome were found ſtarke dead, ſtanding ſtilon their feete, and few Horſſeſ or none eſcaped at that time free from thiſ conuulſion, of ſinneweſ, infomuch that Theawmeſ?eſ hiſ owne Horſle whichhe _ loued dearely, waſ ſore vexed therewith. The ſigneſ to know whether a Horſle bec trou— bled with the conuulſion in the ſinreweſ or not, beetheſe. & Hiſ head and necke will beſoſtiffe and ſtarke aſ hee can bow it no manner of way, hiſ eareſ wil ſtandrightvp, and hiſ cieſ will be hollow in hiſ head, and the fleſhy partſ therof 5* in the greatcornerſ,, willbe turned backward, hiſ lipſ will be clung faſt together,ſo aſ hee cannot open hiſmouth, and hiſ tongue ſo nummed aſ he can neither eate nor drinke, hiſ backbone and taile wil beſo ſtiffe, aſ he cannot moue it one way nor other, and hiſ Legſ ſo ſtiffe, aſ they will not bow, and being layed hee iſ not able to riſe, andſpecially on hiſ hinder Leggeſ, but falleth downe on hiſ buttockeſ, like a Dogge when heeſittethon the grou no;» Oſ t/JEHorfflZ'. \ r | 355 ground, and by meaneſ ofthe conuulſion in hiſ backe, hiſ bladder allo for neighbout— hoode ſake, ſuffereth, whereby the Horſſecannot ſtale but with greatpaine. The cure. Put him into a ſweat, either by bury ing him all aue the head in ſome warme dunghill,or if he be a horſſe of price, cary him into a hot houſe, where iſ no ſmoak, and letthim ſweat there.Thenannoint allhiſ body , heade, necke, leggeſ , and allwith oyle of Clypreſ, and oile of Bay mingledtogether.Or elſe with one of theſeointmentſ. Take of Hogſ—greace two pound, of Turpentine halſe a pound, of Pepper beaten in powder one dramme, of 'new Wax one pound, of olde Oyletwo pound, boile all theſe together, and being made very warme, annoint all hiſ body therewith. Or elſ with thiſ ointment. Take of new wax o one pound, of Turpentine foure ounceſ, of oile de Bay aſ much ,of Opopanax two oun— ceſ, of Decreſ ſewerandoile of Storar, of each three ounceſ, melt al theſe together, and annointall hiſ body therewith. a Itiſ good alſo to bathhiſ head with the decoGion of Fitcheſ, or elſ of Lupirteſ, and make him thiſ drink. Take xx. graineſ of long Pepper,finely beaten into powder, ot Ce— dar two ounceſ ,of Nitre one ounce,of Lacerpitiuim aſ much aſ a Beane, and mingle all theſetogether with a ſufficient quantity of white Wine ; and gine himthereof todrinke a quart enery Morning and Evening for the ſpace of three or foure daieſ,or elſe thiſ drink. Take of Opopanaxtwo ounceſ,of Storar three ounceſ,of Gentian three ounceſ,of Man.— na Succarie,threcounceſ, of Myr one ſcruple,oflong Pepper two ſcrupleſ,gine him thiſ 20 with old Wine : or make him a drinke of Lacerpitium, Cumin, Anniſ ſeed; Fenegreeke, Bay berrieſ, and old oyle. In old time they were wont to let him bloode in the Templeſ ,which Aþ//z#5 dothnot alow, ſaying that it will cauſe the ſinneweſ of hiſ lipſ to dry vp, ſo aſ the horſle being not able to mouc them . ſhall pine for hunger Aſ touching hiſ diet,give him at the firſt warm maſheſ, and ſuch ſoft meat aſ he may eaſily get down ,and wet haic,bringing him to har— der food by littleand little. And inany caſe, let him be kept very warme, and ridden or walked once a day to exerciſe hiſ leggeſ and limſ. Thrommeſtuſ cured hiſ horſe, aſ he ſai— eth,by placing him in a warm ſtable, and by making a cleer fire without any ſmoakround . about him, and the horſſe not being ableto open hiſ iaweſ of himſelfe, hce cauſed hiſ o mouth to be opened, and put therein ſopſ dipt in a confection called EpZrigon condirum, andalfo annointed al hiſ bodie witha medicine or ointment called Acgp#z: (the making whereof herafter followeth diſſolued in Cypreſ oile, which made himto falinto a ſweat, and being before halfe deadand more, brought himagaineto hiſ feeling and mouing,ſo aſ he did riſe and eat hiſ meat. Of the ( rampe or comuulſionſ of the Sinneweſ or Muſcleſ. Convulſion or cramp , iſ a forcible drawing together of the finneweſ, ſSometimeſ vniverſally oucr the whole body,aſ L haue ſeene one horſſe in my lifetime, and Sometimeſ but in one part or member, aſ Zhaue knowne and helpt dinerſ.Theſe convulſionſ haue two groundſ, name— ly, either natural,or elſ accidental : natural ,aſ proceeding of cold win— die hymourſ ingendred in the body, and diſperſed into thoſe parteſ, work e there the effecdtſ of greeuance. Accidental, iſby wounding or pricking the ſinnewſ of which immediatly enſueth a convulſion. If it be naturall , and the diſeaſe generally diſ— perſed;then the cure iſ thuſ:dig a great deep hole in ſome old dunghil,& there bury him all ſaue the head, ſo aſ he may ſweate there for the ſpace of twohouteſ at theleaſt, then go take bim out, andannoint hiſ body all oner with Narucoile, Turpentine, and Deareſſu— et mingledtogether on the fire, and bathe hiſ heade in the iuice of Rueand Camomile. Then give him to drinke old Ale brewdwith Sinamon, Ginger, Fenecreeke and long Pepper : of each three ounceſ. Aſ for hiſ dyet, let it be warme maſheſ, ſodden wheat and hay ,, tho roughly carded with a paire of wool cardſ : let him be kept verie warme and ay— red abroad once a daic at the leaſt. If 356 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Tfthiſ convulſion be not onely in one member, then'it iſ ſufficientif enuery daye with hardropeſ of hay orſtraw you rub and chafe that part exceedingly, and apply thereto a ſitlle quantity of the oyle Pepper. If the con_vulſion be accxdcgtai!, pr_occedmg ofſome hurt, whereby the ſinnewſ iſ wounded or Pſirickc, then ſſll\ml you mcontmgm]y take vp the finnew ſo wounded, ſearching the wound withgreat diſcretion, and cut it cleane inſun— der, then ſhal you endenor to heale vp the ſime with vagueatſ,plaiſteeſ & balmſ,.aſ ſhall be hereafter mentioned in the chaprerſ of woundſ and vicerſ, of what kind or nature ſoe— ger, | Ofthecold in the head. 10 R Ccording to the cold which the horſſe hath taken, iſ new or old , great or ſmall and 4 alſo according aſ humorſ do abound in hiſ head, and aſ ſuch humorſ be thicke or Blundevile thin, ſo iſ the diſeaſe more orleſſe daungerouſ. For if the horſſe caſteth little orno matter out of hiſ noſe, nor hath no very great c_ough but onely hcauyctiu hiſ heade, and perhapſ lightly cougheth now and then, it iſ a hgncflthat lie iſ ſtopped in the head, which we were wont to call the poſe.But if hiſ head be ful of humorſ congeald by ſome extream cold taken of long time paſt, and that he caſteth fowle filthy matter out at the noſe, and cougheth greevouſly ,then it iſ a ſigne that hee hath eitber the Glaunderſ, or the Stran— gullion, mourning of the cheine, or conſumption of the lungſ. For all ſuch diſeaſeſ doe breed for the moſt part of the Rhneme or diſtillation that commeth from the head . Of 29 the cureſ whereof we leaue to ſpeake , vntill we cometo ralke of the diſeaſeſ in the throat, minding beere ro ſhew you how to healethe poſe or colde before mentioned. Martin ſaith, it iſ good to purge hiſ head , by perfuming him with Frankencence, and alſo to pronoke him to neeze by thruſting two Gooſe featherſ dipt in oyle de Bay vp in— to hiſ noſtrilſ and then to trot him vppe and downe halfe an houre, for theſe featherſ will make him to.caſt immedigatly at the noſe. ZLaxzrertinſ Rwſſ/aſ would haue him to be perfu— med with Wheat, Penneroyal,and ſage ſodden well togither and put into a bag ſo hot aſ may be, which bagge would be ſo cloſe faſtened to hiſ head, that all the ſauour thereof" may aſcend vp into hiſ noſtrilſ, and hiſ head alſo would be couered and kept warme:and to provuoke him to neeze, he would haue you to bind a ſoft clout annointed withſope,or 36 elſ with Butter and oyle de Bay vnto a ſticke, and to thruſtthat vp and downe into hiſ no— frilſ, ſ0 high aſ you may conueniently goe, and let him be kept warm and drink no cold water.Yea, it ſhal be good for three or foure daieſ ,to boile in hiſ water a little Fenegreck, wheate meale,and a few Anniſ ſeedſ.And eneric daie after that you hane purged hiſ head by perfurning him, or by making him to neeze, cauſe him to be trotted vp and downe, either in the warme Sunne ,or elſ in the houſe halfe an hour, which would be done before you water him, and give him hiſ prouender. Of the cold in the head. 40 He poſe or cold in a horſſe, iſ the moſt generall diſeaſe that hapneth, and iſ the eaſteſt perceined, borh by ſtopping, ratling in the noſe, and cough— ing, thecure thereof iſ in chiſ ſort: 2f it be but newly taken by ſome care— || leſſe regard , and immediately perceined, you ſhalneed no other remedy J! butto keepe him warme euery Morning and Etvening after hiſ water, to ,and to trot him vp and downe very faſt tillhiſ cold break, and then geotly to gallop him a litrle, which moderace exerciſe with warmekeeping will quickly recotter him againe ; but if the cold hath had long reſidence in him, and ſtill encreaſeth,chen you ſhall give him thiſ drinke three daieſ togither. Take of ſtrong Ale one quart, of thebeſt Treakle ſix penniworth, of long Pepper and graineſ, of eachiaſ much beaten to powder, 59 ofthe inice of Garlicketwo ſpoonefulſ, boile all theſetogither, and gineit the horſſe to drinke, ſo warme aſ he may ſuffer it, and then trortehim vp and downe by the ſpace of at houre or more, and keepe him warme, gining him to drinke no cold waterſ . Maykham. of Of the Horſſſ. . 357 Of the diſeaſeſ of the eieſ. T J Orffeſcieſ beſubieG to dinerſ griefeſ, aſ to be wateriſh orblood—ſhotten, to bee zlppdowile dim of ſight, to haue the pin and web, and the haw, wheredf ſome comeſ of inward cauſeſ,aſ of humorſ reſorting to the cieſ, and ſome of outward, aſ of cold, heate, or firipe. 0 f Wweeping or watering eieſ. 19 hiſ, aſ Leonzentiuſ Ruſſinſ {aith, may come ſometime by confluence of humorſ, and ſometime by ſoine ſtripe, whoſe cure LHleaue to recite, becauſe it doeth not differ much from AM4zzinſ experience heere following :take of Pitch} Roſenand Maſtick, alike quantity, melt them togither. Then with a little ſticke, hauing a clout bound to the endthereof,and dipt therein , annoint the Temple vaineſ on both Sideſ ,a hand fulaboue the eieſ,aſ broad aſ a Teſtern, and then clap vnto it immediately:a few flockeſ of like co— lour to the horſſe, holding them cloſe to hiſ head with your hand, vntill they ſtickefaſt vn— to hiſ head, then let him blood on both ſideſ (if both ſideſ be infected) a handfull vnder the eieſ. Rwſ//wſ alſo thinketh it good to waſh hiſ cieſ once a day with pure white wine, andthen to blow therein a little of Tayſarz», and of Pomiſ ſhone, beaten into finepow— 20 der. f, ſi Sart Of watering eyeſ. VV Atering eieſ commeth moſt commonly infome ſtripe or blowe, and the cure iſ Markham., thuſ.Lay vnto hiſ Templeſ a plaiſter of Turpentineand Pitch molten together, thenwaſh hiſ eieſ with white Wine, and afterward blow the pouder of burnt Allomeinto ſ theſame. Of bloud—ſhotten cieſ, alſo for a blow, or itching and rubbing in the eieſ. 30 Artin never vſedany other medicine, then thiſ water heere following, wherewith — he didalwaieſ healethe forcſaid griefeſ : tike of pure Roſe water,of Malmefic, of Blundevile Fennel water,of each three ſponfulſ, of Tutia aſ much aſ you can eaſily take with your thumbe and finger, of cloueſ a dozen beaten into fine powderſ minglethem toge— ther,and beihg luke warme, or cold if you will, waſh the inward part of the eie' with a fea— * ther dipt therein twice a day vntill he be whole. 2#ſ/#@#ſaith that tobloudſhotten cieſ it. Iſ good to lay the white of an Egge, or to waſh them with the inice of Selidonye. @Another of blood—ſhotten eieſ, or any other —ſore eie, comming | ofrume of other bumor. 4 1 Oranyſore eye make thiſ water, take of the water of Eye—bright, of Roſewater, and 44 kham . Malneſcy, of each three ſpoonefulſ, of Cloueſ 6. or ſeayen beaten to fine powder, of the inice of Houſelicke two ſpoonefulſ, mix all theſe togither and waſh the horſſeſ eieſ therewith once a day , and it will recouer him. Of dimneſſe of ſight, and alſo for the pin and web, or any other ſpot in the cie. af yffl Ethe }'{orſſc be dim ofſight, or hath any pearle growing inhiſ eie, or tþin film . WU'%\ coucring the ballof hiſ eie, than R#ſ/— would haue youtake of pomiſ Qoneſi Blundevile MMH[ of Tartarum, and of ſal Gemma, ofeach like weight, and being beaten into W____—ZY very fine powder to blow a little of that in hiſ eie, continuing ſo to do enerie daie once or twice, vntill he be whole.. Marzin ſaith, that hee alwaieſ vſed to blow a little ſandiuoire into the eic once a day, which ſimple he affirmeth to be ofſuch force, aſit will breake any pearleor web in ſhort ſpace, and make thecie very cleare and faire. Ruſſ/uſ amongſt a number of other medicineſ, praiſeth moſt al thepowder of a blackſe flint ſtone, 358 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of the pin and Web, and other dimneſſe. Markham . 'FOr to cure the Pinne, Web, Peatle, Eylme, or other dimneſſe, vſe thiſ meaneſ follo= wing: Take of Sandiifere; the powder of burnt Allom, and the powder of black Elint— ſtone of each like quantity : and once a day blowalittle thereof into the horſſeſ eye, and it willweare away ſuch imperfed matter, and make the cic clecre. Of the Haw, called of the Italianſ, Il vnghia de gli occhi. 19 Hiſ iſ a griſtle concring ſometime more then onehalfe of the cie. It proceedeth Blundevile of grofſe and tough humourſ, diſcending out of the heade, which Haw, aſ Majtin ſaith, would be cut away in thiſ ſort.Firſt pull both the eyelidſ open with two ſeue— rall thredſ , ſtirched with a needle to cither of the lidſ. Thencatch holde of the Haw with another needle and thred, and pull it out ſo far aſ you may cutte it round the bredthofa peony, and leaue the blacke behind.For by cutting away too much of the fat and blacke ofthe cie, the horſſe many timeſ becommeth blear eied. And the haw being clean taken away, ſquirtalittic white wine or beere into hiſ cie. — e Another of the Haw. Haw iſ a grofſe griſſell growing vnder the eye of a horſſe, and couering more then one halfe of hiſſight ; which if he beeſuffered will in ſhorttime perriſh the cie: the cure iſ thuſ, Lay your thumbe vnder hiſ cie, in the very hollow, then with your fin— ger pull downethe lid, and with a ſharpe needle and thred rake hold of the haw and pluc— king itout, with a ſharpeknife cutitaway the compaſſe of a penny, or more, that done, waſh the cie withalittle Beere. Of Lunaticke cieſ. | Egetiuſwriteth De oculo lunatico, but he ſheweth neither cauſenor figneſ thereof, Blundevile .but onely ſaith that the old men tearmed it ſo,, becauſe it maketh the ate ſometime tolooke aſ thoughit were conered with white, and ſometime cleare. Muartin ſaith, that the horſſe that bath thiſ diſceale, iſ blind at certain timeſ of the Moone, infomuch thathe ſeeth almoſtnothing at all during that time, and then hiſ eyeſ will look yellowiſh : yea, and ſomewhat reddiſh, which diſcaſe according to Mazziv, iſ to be cured in thiſ ſort.Firſt vſe the plaiſtermentioned before in the chapter of wateriſh or weeping _ _ eieſ, in ſuch order aſ iſ there preſcribed , and then with a ſharpe knife make two ſlitteſ on 40 *** bothſideſ of hiſ head an inchlong, ſomewhat towardeſ the noſe, a handfull beneaththe cieſ, not touchitig the vaine : and with a cornet looſen the But beware you touch none of the kirnelſ with your bare finger for feare of venoming the place, whichiſ verieapt for a Fiſtula to breed in. eAnother of the Dineſ. ruptblood, the cureiſ diuerſly ſpokeand written of, but thiſ iſ the beſt mean which He Vinveſ be certainekirnelſ, growing vader the horſſeſeare, which come ofcor— Markham. Thaue tried : that if you finde the kernelſto enflame and greeue the horſſe, take a handfulof Sorrel, and lap it in a Bur— docke leafe, and roaſt it in the hor emberſ likea \'dVa[— en me 0 a» 0 40 50 ! Of the Horſſe. 361 den,then being taken out of the fire, apply it ſo hot aſ may be to the fore—partoſuffering it to lie thereunto the ſpace of a day and a night,and then renew it;tillſuch time that it ripen and break the fore, which it wil in ſhortſpace do. When it iſ broken and the vilde marter taken away, you ſhal healevp the ſore place with the yolk of an Egge, halfe a ſpoonefulof i hony, and aſ much wheat—flower aſ wil ſerue to make it thicke, plaiſter—wiſe, which being bound thereunto, wil in three or foure daieſ healethe ſame. 1 Of the Gankerouſ Vicerin the noſe. Hiſ diſeaſe iſ a fretting humor,,eating and conſuming the fleſh,and making it al raw plundevile within,and notbeing holpen in time wil eatthrough the griſtle of the noſe. It com— meth of corrupt blood, or elſe of ſharp humorſ ingendered by meaneſ of ſome ex— treame cold. The ſigneſ be theſe. He wilbleedeat the noſe, and al the feſh withinwilbe raw, and filthy ſtinking ſauourſ, and matter wil come out at thenoſe. The cureaccording to Martin iſ thuſ. Take of green Coporaſ, of Allum, of each one pound,of white Copo— raſone quarterne, and boile theſe in a pottle of running water, vntila pint be conſumed; then take it off, and put thereunto halfe a pinte of hony : then cauſe hiſ head to be holden vp witha drinking ſtaffe,& ſquirt intohiſ noſtrilſ with a ſquirt of brafſe,or rather of Elder, ſome of thiſ water being lukewarme, three or foure timeſ one after another, but betwixt euery ſquirting, give him liberty to hold downe hiſ head, and to blow out the filthy mat— ter, for otherwiſe perhapſ you may choke him. And after thiſit ſhalbe good alſo without holding vp hiſ head any more, to waſh andrub hiſ Noſtrilſ with a fine cloute bound to a white ſtickſ end, and wet in the water aforeſaid, and ſerue him thuſ once a day vnitill he be whole. 20 Ofbleeding at the noſe. Hauve ſeen Horſſeſ my ſelfe, that haue bled at thenoſe, which hane had neither fore nor vicer in their Noſe,and therefore I cannot chooſe, butſay with the Phyſitianſ, that it commeth by meanſ that the vaine which endeth in that place, iſ either opened, broken orfettered. It iſ opened many timeſ by meaneſ that blood aboundeth too much, or for that it iſ too fine, or too ſubtill, and ſopicrceth through the vaine, Againe it may be bro— ken by ſome violent ſtrain,cut or blow. And finally ,it may beefretted or gnawn through, by the ſharpneſſe of the blood, or elſe of ſome other humor contained therein. Aſtou— ching the cure, Martin ſaith, it iſ good to take a pinte of red Wine, and to putthercima | quartern of Bole Armeny, beaten into fine powder, and being made Iukewarm, to voure — the one halfe therofthe firſt day into hiſ noſtrilthat bleedeth, cauſing hiſ head to bee hol—' den vp, ſo aſ the liquor may not fal out, and the next day to gine him the other halfe.But if thiſſpreuaileth not , then I for my part would cauſchim to be letblood in the breſtvaine, on the ſame ſide that he bleedeth atſeueral timeſ : then take of FErankencenſe one ounce, of Aloeſ halfe an ounce, and beate them into powder, and mingle them throughly with 4" the whiteſ of eggeſ,, vntil it be ſo thickaſ hony , and withſoft Hareſ haire, thruſtit vp into hiſ noſtrill, filling the hole ſo full, aſ it cannot fall out , or elſe fil hiſ Noſtrilſ ful of Aſſeſ dung,or Hogſ dung, for either of them iſ excellent good to reſtraine any fluxe of blood, 30 Of the bleeding at the noſe, or to ſtaunch Tluxe of blood in } any fort . Hauveknowne many Horſſeſ in great danger by bleeding, and I hanetryed diuerſ re— Myrkham. medieſ for the fame, yet haue I not found any more certaine then thiſ: take a ſpoone— 5 fulor two of hiſ blood, and put it in a Sawcer, and£fet it vpon a chafingdiſh of coleſ, & 5" Jerit boiletilitbeal dryedvp into powder, then take that powder, and if hee bleede at the noſe, with a Cane or quil blow the ſime vp into hiſ Noſtrilſ : if hiſ blecding come of any wound or other accident, then into the wounde puttheſame powder, which iſ a preſent remedy, New Horſe—dung or earth, iſ a preſent remedy, applyed to the bleeding place , and ſo are Sage leaueſ bruiſed and put into the wound. Ii Of 362 — The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Blundevile Of the diſcaſeſ in the mouth , and firſt of the bloudy riftſ or chopſ in the palat of \ the month. 'Hiſ diſeaſe iſ called of the Italianſ, Pa/azina, which aſ Lanrevtinſ Ruſſ#uſ ſaith,com. { meth by eating hay or prouenderthat iſ fullof pricking ſeedeſ; (which by continual pricking & frettingthe furroweſ of the mouth do cauſe them to rankle, and toblecd corrupt and ſtinking matter, which you ſhal quickly remedy , aſ M@tip ſaith, by \vaſhing firſt the ſore placeſ with vineger and ſalt, and then by annointing the ſame with hony. Of the bladderſ in a Horſſeſ mouthywhich our old Eerrerſ were wont to cal the Gigſ.The Italianſ call them Erontelle. ſ ©{ 'Heſe be litle foſt ſwellingſ or rather puſtulſ with blacke headſ , growing in the infide T of hiſ lipſ, next vnto the great iaw—teeth, which are ſo painful vnto the horſe;aſ they — make him to let hiſ meat fal out ofhiſ mouth,or at the leaſt to keepe it in hiſ mouth vnchawed, whereby the horſſe proſpereth not. RyſGwſ ſaith, that they come either by eat. ting too much cold graſſe, or elſe pricking, duſty ,and filthy pronender. The cure wherof, according to Marzin, iſ in thiſ ſort. Slit them with a launcer, and thruſt out allthe corrup— tion, and then waſh the ſore placeſ with alittle vineger and ſalt, or elſ with Alum water. Of the bladderſ in a Horſe mouth. Markham. Ome Horſſeſwill hane. bladderſ like papſ growing inthe inſide of theirlipſ, next to 20 S their great teeth, which are much painful:the cure whereof iſ thuſ.Take a ſharp paire of ſhearſ,and clip them away cloſe to the gum, and then waſh the ſore place with run— ning water;, Allum and hony boiled together , til it he whole. Ofthe Lampaſſe. He Lampaſſe, called of the Italianſ Lampaſe@ſ, proceedeth of the aboundance of blood, reſorting to the firſt furrow ofthe mouth, I meane that which iſ next vnto the vpper foreteeth, cauſing the ſaid furrow to ſwell ſo high aſ the Horſſeſ teeth,ſo aſ he cannot chew hiſ meate, but iſ forced to let itfall out of hiſ mouth. The remedy iſ to cutalthe ſuperfluouſ fieſh away , with a crooked hot iron made of purpoſe, which eue— 30 ry Smithcan do. { Another of the Lampuſſe. He Lampaſſe iſ a thick ſpungy fleſh, growing oucr a horſſeſ vpper teeth, hindering Markham. the coniunion of hiſ chapſ,in ſuch ſort that hee can hardly eat : thecure iſ aſ fol— loweth. Cutall that naughty fleſh away with a hot yron, and then rub theſore well with ſalt, which the moſt ignorant Smith can do ſufficiently. Of the Canker in the mouth. 0 Hiſ diſeaſe aſ Marziz ſaith, iſ arawneſſe of the mouth and tongue; which iſ fullof " bliſterſ, ſo aſ he cannot eat hiſ meate. Which proceedeſ of ſome vnnaturall heate; comming fromthe ſtomach. For the cure whereof, take of Allum halfe a pound, of Hony a quarter of a pinte, of columbine leateſ,of Sage leaueſ of each a handfull : boile al theſe together in three pintſ of water, vntill a pinte be conſumed,and waſh the fore placeſ therewithſo aſ it may bleede, continuing ſo to do enery day once vntillit be whole. Blundevile Another of the Canker in the mouth. . "\| T Hiſ diſeaſe proceedeth of diverſ cauſeſ, aſ of vnnatuirall heatof the ſtomach,of foule 50 feeding, or of the ruſt ot vennome of ſome bit or ſnaffell, vndiſcretly lookt vnto : the cure iſ thuſ. Waſh the fore place with ſtrong vineger,made thick with the powder of Al— lum, two or three daieſ together, euery time vntilitblecde, which will killthe poyſonand vigor ofthe exulcerated mwatter :thenmake thiſ water, take of running water a quart, of Allum foure ounceſ, of Hony foure or fiue ſpoonefulſ; of Wood—bineleaneſ, of Sage— leaueſ, Markham. Of the Horſſſ. { 563 leaueſ, and of Collombinie—leanueſ , of each halfe a handful, boile al theſe togethertilone halfe be conſumed; then take it off, and euery day with the water warmed, waſh the ſore vatilit be whole. ' Of the heat inthemouth and lipſ. SOmctimc the heat that commeth out of the ſtomach breedeth no Canker, but maketh the mouth hot, and cauſeth the horſe to forſakehiſ meat. The cure wherof, aſ Marzin ro faith, iſ in thiſ fort. Firſt, turne vp hiſ vpperlip,, and iaggeit lightly witha launcet, ſo aſ it may bleede, and then waſh boththat and al hiſ mouth and tongue with Vinegerand falt. Blundevile Of the tongue being hurt with the bit or otherwiſe. F the tongue be cut or hurt any manner of way, Mſrziſ ſaith, it iſ good firſt to waſh it with Allum water, and then to take the leaueſ of black Bramble and to chop them togi— ther ſmall with a little lard, that done to binde it vp in a little clout, making it round like a ball, then hauing diptthe round end in hony , rub the tongue therewicth : continuing ſo to do once a day vntil it be whole. 20 Of the Barbleſ,or Papſ vnderneath the & tongne. in euery Horſſeſ mouth vnderneath the tongue, in the neather iaweſ, which if they ſhoot of any length, Rw/G%w@ſ ſaith, that they wil hinder the Horſſeſ feeding, and therefore he and Martin alſo wouldhaue them to be clipt away with a paire of ſheereſ, and that don, the Horſſeſ mouth to be waſhed with vineger and ſalt. THeſe be two little papſ , called of the Italianſ 24,bo/e, growing naturally(aſ Ithinke) . 30 Of the paine inthe teeth and gumſ,, of the Wolfeſ teeth, and Iuw—teeth. Horſe may have paine in hiſ teeth, partly by diſcent of humorſ from hiſ head,down into hiſ teeth and gumſ, which iſ to be perceined by the rankneſſe and ſwelling of the gumſ, and partly hauing two extraordinary teeth called the wolfeſteeth, which betwo little teeth growing in the vpper iaweſ, next vnto the great grinding teeth, which areſo paineful to the Horſe, aſ he cannot endure to chaw hiſ meat, but iſ forced either to het it fal out of hiſ monuth , or elſe to keepe it ſtil halfe chawed, whereby the Horſeproſpe— reth not; but wixerh leane and poore, and he wil do the like alſo when hiſ vpper Iaw—teeth 0 beſo far growneaſ they ouerhang the neather Taw—teeth, and therewith be ſo ſharp,aſ in mouting hiſ iaweſ they cut and race the inſideſ of hiſ checkſ, cuen aſ they were raced with aknife. And firſt aſ touching the cure of the paine in the teeth, that commeth by meaneſ ofſomeldiſtillation : Fege##@ ſaith, it iſ good to rub al the outſide of hiſ gumſ with fine chalkeand ſtrong vineger mingled rogether , or elſe after that you have waſhedthe gumſ with vineger, to ſtrew onthem of Pomegranate pileſ. But methinkeſ that beſideſ thiſ, it were not amiſſe to ſtop thetemple vainſ, with the plaiſter before mentioned, in the chap— ter of weeping and wateriſh cieſ. The cure of the Wolfeſ teeth, and of the iaw—teethac— cording'to Martin iſ in thiſ ſort. Firſt cauſe the horſſe head to betyed vp to ſome rafter or poſt, and hiſ mouth to beopened with a cord, o wide aſ you may eaſily ſee euery pary thereof. o , Then takea round ſtrong iton toole, half a yardlong and made at the one end in al Roints likevntothe Carpenterſ gouge, wherewith he maketh hiſ holeſ to be bored witha wimble or augor,& with yourlefthand ſetthe edge of your toole at the foot of the wolfſ teeth,on the outſide of the jaw;turning the hollow ſide of the toole downward,holding—.your hand ſteadily ,(o aſ the toole inaynot ſlip from the forcſaid tooth: them haning amillet in YOZY Ii 2 right 364 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. right hand ſtrike vpon thehead of the toole one pretty blow, and therwith you ſhallooſen the tooth, and canſeit to bend inward : then ſtaying the midſt of your toolevpon thehor— — ; intthe i e0f at ſeſ neather iaw, wrinch the tooth outward, with the inſide or hollowſide of the toole;and Blundevile thraſt it clean out of hiſ head: that done, ſerue the other Woilfeſ tooth on the other ſidſ inlike manner, and fill vp the empty placeſ with ſalt finely braied. But if the vpper iawe— teethdoalſo ouerhang the neather teeth, & ſo cut th'c inſide of hiſ mouth aſ iſ aforeſaid, then keeping hiſ mouth ſtil open, take your toole and mallet, aqd paxſſ'e althoſetecth ſhor— ter, runniog alongſt them euen from the firſt vnto thelaſt, turning the hollow ſide of your toole towardſ the teeth ſo fhal not the toole cut the inſide of hiſ cheekeſ, and th;backcor round ſide being turned toward the foreſaid cheekeſ, and that doone waſh all hiſ mouth with vineger and ſalt, and lec him go. Why the diſcaſeſin the necke, witherſ, and backe ,be declayed heere before the diſeaſeſ in the throate. Auing hitherto ſpoken of the diſeaſeſ incident to a }}orſſcs þead,and toalthe partſ thereof,naturalorder requireththat we ſhold now dlſ_ cendinto the throat, aſ a part next adiacent to the mouth. But foraſmuch aſ the diſeaſeſ in the throate haue not onely afinity with the head, butalſo with the Jungſ and otber inward partſ, which are ma.— ny timeſ grievued by meaneſ of diſtillation comming from'the head, and through the throat : I wilſpeake of thediſeaſeſ, inciden to the necke, witherſ, and backe of a Horſſe, to the intent that when I come to talke of ſuch diſeaſeſ, aſ theumeſ and diſtillationſ doe caunſe, I may diſcourſe of them orderly withoutinterrgption. Of the Cricke inthe necke. BEcauſe a Cricke iſ no other thing but a kind of conuulſion, and for that we haue ſpo. 4 Dken ſufficiently bofore of al kindſ thereof in the chapter of conuulſion : I purpoſenot hecretherefore to trouble you withmany wordeſ, but onely ſhewe you R#/ſzſ opinion, and alſo Mar##@ſ experience therein. The cricke then called of the Italianſ Sciv24 o7 Lucer— doaccording to Rwſſuſ, and according to Marzin iſ, when the Horſſe cannot turne hiſ neck any maner of way, but hold it ſtil right forth, infomuch aſ he cannot take hiſ meate from the ground butby timeſ, and that very ſlowly , Aw/Gmſ ſaith it commeth by meaneſ of ſome great weightlaid on the horfleſ ſhoulderſ, or elſe by ouermuch drying vp ofthe ſinneweſ of the necke. The cure whereof according to Marziv iſ in thiſ ſort. (Draw him with a hot iron from the root of the eare on both ſideſ of the necke, through the midſtof theſame even downto the breaſt, a ſtraw deep,ſo aſ both endſ may meetyponthe breaſt: then make a hole in hiſ forehead, hard vnder the fore—top, and thruſt in a cornet vpwarde betwixt the ſkinand the fleſh a handfull deepe, then put in a Gooſe feather, doubled in the midſtand annointed with Hogſ—greace to keepethe hole open, to the intent the matter may run out the ſpace of ten daieſ. But enucry day during that time, the hole muſt be clen— ſed once, and the feather alſo clenſed andfreſh annointed, and ſo put in again. And once a day let him ſtand vpon the bit one houre or two., or be ridden two or three mileſ abroad by ſuch a one aſ wil beare hiſ head, and make him to bring it in. But if the Cricke be ſuch aſ the Horſſe cannot holde hiſnecke ſtraite, but cleane awry, aſ I haue ſeene diverſ my ſelfe : then I thinke it not good that the Horſſe be drawne with a hot iron on both fideſ of the necke, but onely on the contraty fide, Aſ for example, if he bend hiſ head towardthe rightſide, then to draw him aſ iſ aforeſaid onely on the lefte ſide, and to vſe the reſt of the cureaſ iſaboueſaide, and if needebee you may ſplent him alſo with handſome ſtaueſ meete for the purpoſe to makehiſ necke ſtand right. Of Wenneſ in the neck, Wen iſ a certaine kirnell like a tumor of ſwelling, the inſide whereof hiſ hard like a griſtle, and ſpongiouſ like a Skin ful of wretſ. Of Wenſ, ſome be great , and ſome be . > ſmall. Againe, ſome bevery painefull, and ſomenot painefulat all. The Phyſitianſ Tay, that they proceede of groſſe and viciouſ humorſ, but Pegerivſ ſaiththat they chance to 0 5]! Horſſe, ſo aſ he cannot well go. The cure whereof according to Rwſſinſ iſ thuſ. Let him bloodeon both ſideſ of the breaſt in the accoſtomed vaineſ, and rowell him vnder the breaſt, andtwice a daye turne the rowellſ with your hand, to mooue the humoutſ thatthey may yſſue forth , and let him goe ſo roweled the ſpace of fifteene daieſ= . Of the paine of the beart called Auticor , that iſ to ſay,Contrary to the heart. 20 gam Hiſ proceedeth of aboundance of ranke blood bred with good feeding & \ ouermuch reſt : which blood reſorting to the inward partſ doth ſuffocate the hearr, and many timeſ cauſethſwellingeſ toappeare before the breaft, whichwill grow vpwardetothe necke, and then . it killeth the Horſſe. The ſigneſ. The Horſe will hbang downe hiſ head in. the manger, forſaking hiſ meatejand iſ not able.to lift vp hiſ head. The.cure according to Maryzz# iſ thuſ.Let him blood on bothſideſ aboundantly in the platvaineſ, and then—give him thiſ drinke : take aquartof inalmeſie, and puttbereunto halfe a quarterne of Sugarſand two ounceſ of Ci— namon, and give it himlukewarme, then keepe him warme in the ſtable, ſtuffing him well 30 about the ſtomach thatthe wind offend him no manner of way, and give hina warme wa— rer with mault dlawieſ to drinke, and give himdſuch meate aſ he will eate. Andiif the ſwel— ling do appeare, then befide% letting him blood, \ftrike the: ſwelling in dinerſ placeſ with your fleame thatthe corruption may goe forth : and annoint theplace with warme Hogſ greace, and that wil either make it to weare away or elſe to grow to a head, if it be coucred andkeptwarme. \ c Fay Of tired Hor ſſeſ. Icanſeweare inband heere with the vitall parteſ, and thatwhen the Horſſeſbe tyred with ouermuch labour.; their vitall ſpiritſ: wax feeble, I thinke it beſt todApeakofthem 4 euenheere, not withlong—diſcourſing aſ Vegeridſ vſeth, but briefely toſhew you how torefreſh;:he poore Horſſc hauing neede thereof, which iſ doone'chicfely by giuing hina reſt, warmithand goodfceding, aſ with warme maſheſ and plenty of pronender. And to quickenhis-ſpirits, itſballbe good to poure a little Ooyle and vinegetinto hiſ Noſtrilſ, and tegine him the drinke ofſheepſ headſ recited beforein the Chapter of conſumption of the fleſh, yea and alſo to bath hiſ Leggeſ with thiſ bath atake of Malloweſ, of:Sage, of each two oxthree handfulſ, and aRoſe—cake: boile theſe thingſ together; and being boy— led, thenpuryntoit a good.quantity of butter or of Sallet—oyle! Or. elſfe make him thiſ charge.:ſſcakſſcoſ Bole Armony. and of Wheat—flopwer of each halfe a pound, and alitrieRo— zenbeaten into powder, and: a quart of ſtrong vineger, arid mingleithemitogether, and 59 cotterall hiſ Legſ therewith, and ifit beſummer, turne him tograſſe; | i ofthediſeaſed partſ vnder the midriffe, and firſt of the omucke. Heold Authorſ make mention of many diſeaſeſ incident to a horſeſ ftomacke, aſ Joathing of meat, ſpewing vphiſ drinke,ſutferting of provender, the hungry cuil, andfuch like, which few of our Ferrerſ haneobſerued : andtherefore Lwil brccſely ſiBlzmdefvile ſpeake of aſ many aſ Ithinkeneceſſary to beeknowne, and firſt of the loathing of meate. 1o t9ic Of the loathing of ment. 75 Horſſemay loath hiſ meat through the imtemperature of hiſ ſtomack, aſ for Fegoil that it iſ too hot or too cold.If hiſ ſtomacke be too hot, then moſt common— R) y it will either inflame hiſ mouthand make it to breake out in bliſterſ, yea B otZ *_Lſſj_ſi_! and perhapſ cauſe ſome cancker to breed there. The cure of all which thingſ hath beene taught before.But if he forſake hiſ meat onely for very heat, which you ſhall perceiue by the hotneſſe of hiſ breath and mouth,then coole hiſ ſtomackby gining him cold water mingled with alitrle Vinegerand oile to drinke, or elſe gine him thiſ drinke. Take of milke, and of wine , of each one pinte, and put thereunto three ounceſ of Me/Ro— 20 Jitum,and waſh al hiſ mouth with Vineger and ſalt. If hiſ ſtomacke betoo colde, then hiſ haire wil ſtare and ſtand right vp,which Ab/#z#5and otherſ were wont to cure,;by giving the horſe good wine and oile to drinke, and ſome wouldſeeth in wine Rew, or Sige, ſome wouldadde thereunto white Pepper and Mirre, ſome woulde gine him Onionſ and Roc— ket ſeed to drinkewith wine, Againe there be other ſomewhich preſcribe the blood. of a young Sow with old wine. Abſ/rz2ſ would hauethe horſe to eat the green bladeſ of whear, ifthe time of the yeare wilſerue for it. Columellaſaith,that if a horſſe or anie other beaſte, doloathhiſ meateit iſ good to gine him wine, and theſeede of Gith, or elſe Wineand ſtampt garlicke. Of caſting ont hiſ drinke. bn + Egetiuſſaith, thatthe horſe may have ſucha Palſie proceeding of cold in hiſſtomack aſ he iſ notable to keepe hiſ drinke, but nrany timeſ to caſtit out again at hiſmouthſ Theremedy whereofiſto let him blood in the negke, and to give him cordiall drinkeſ; that iſ to ſay, made of hottcand comfortable ſpiceſ, and alſo to annointalhiſ breaſt and vnderhiſ ſhoulderſ with hor oyleſ; and to purge hiſ head, by blowing vpinto hiſ No— ſtrilſ, pouderſ that proucke neezing,ſuch aſ haue beene taught you befor e. ror 30 of ſhffitting with glut of pronender . Heglut of prouender or other meat not digeſted, doth canſe a horſe—to haue great 49 paine in hiſ body ,ſoaſ hee iſ not able to ſtande on hiſ feete, but lyeth downe, and . waltereth aſ though he had the Botſ. The cure whereofaccording to Martinſ expeſ rience;iſin thiſ ſort: Let him blood in the necke; then trot him vppe and downe for the ſpace ofan houre, and if he cannot ſtale, draw out hiſ yard, and waſh it with a litrle white wine, Juke warme, and thruſt into hiſ yard either a bruſed cloue of Garlicke, or elſe a litſ tle oile of Cammomile, with a wax candle. If he cannot dung, then rake hiſ fundamenty and giue him thiſ gliſter. Take ofMallowſ two or three handfulſ, and boilethem in a pot+ tle of faire running water, and when the mallowſ beſodden, then ſtraine it, and put thereſ vntoa .quart of freih Butter, and halfe a pinte of oileOliueſ and hauing recciued thiſglir ſtet, lead him vp and, downe, vntill he hathemptied biſ belly ,therſerhimuvp, andkeepe him hungry the ſpace of three or foure daieſ, and the hay that he eaterh, letitbeſprinke— 50 led with water, and let him drinke water, wherein ſhoald be put a lircle bran, and when he hath drunke, give him the bran to eate, and giuehimlittle or no pronender at al, for the ſpaceofeightortendaieſ..— ® \ a a ray paloikd Of EBlundevile The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of another kind of ſurfetting with meat or drinke, calledof v:, foundering in the body. Hiſ diſeaſe iſ called of theold writerſ in GreekeCrizhiaſ?ſ, in Latine Hordiatio, iſ commethaſ they ſay, by eating of much provuender ſuddainely after labout, whilp the horſe iſ hotand panting, whereby hiſ meate not being digeſted, breedeth e uill humorſ, which by little andlittle doſpread thorougbout hiſ memberſ, and at length do oppreſſe allhiſ body, and doe cleane take away hiſ ſtrength, and make him in ſuch a caſe, aſ he can neither goe, nor bow hiſ ioynteſ, nor being laide, he iſ not able to riſea— gaine, neither can he ſtale but with great paine. It may come alto, aſ they ſaie, of drinking too much in trauelling by the waie when the horſe iſ hot, but then it iſ not ſo dangerouſ, aſ when it commeth of eating too much. But howſoeuer it commeth, they ſaieall, that the humourſ will immediatelie reſorte dowre into the horſeſleggeſ, and feet, and make him to caſt hiſ hooueſ : and therfore I muſt needſ indge it to beno other thing but a plaine foundering, which word foundering iſ borrowed ,aſ I take it, ofthe French word Fa»dy, that iſ toſay, molten.For founderin iſ a melting or diſſolution of humorſ, which the Italianſ cal Zyf#//ome. Mazz/2 maketh di— uerſ kindeſ of foundering, aſ the foundering ofthe bodie, which the Freach men call moſt commonly Morfwnd#, and foundering in the legſ and feet, alſo foundering before and behind, which ſome Authorſ doe denie, aſ Magſz/?ey Manrmſ, and Lanrentiuſ Ruſſinſ, affirming that there are fewer humorſ behind than before, and that they cannot caſily be diſſolued or molten,being ſo fardiſtant from the hart,& the other vital partſ.Where— unto a man might antwere, that the natural heat of the hart dothnot cauſe diſſolution of humorſ, but ſome vnnaturall and accidentall heate, ſpred throughonut all the memberſ, which iſ daily pronued by good experience. For we ſee horſeſ foundered not only before or behind,butalſo of al foure legſ at once, which moſtcommontly chanceth either by ta— king cold ſodenly after a great heate, aſ by ſtanding ſtilvpon ſome cold pauement, or a— broad in the cold wind,or elſ perhapſ the horſe trauelling by the way ,and being in a ſweat waſſuffred to ſtand in ſome cold water whil ſt he did drinke, which waſ worſe then hiſ drin— 3 king : for in the mean time the cold entering at hiſ feet, aſcended vpward,and co ngealed the humorſ which the heatbeforehad diſſolued, and ther eby when he commeth once to reſt, he waxeth ſtiffe and lame of hiſ legſ But leauing to ſpeak of foundering in thelegſ,aſ wel before aſ behind,vntil we come to the griefſ in the legſ & feet, we intend to ralkhere only of foundring in the body,according to Martinſ experience. The ſigneſ to know if a horſe befoundered in the body ,be theſe.Hiſ haire wil ſtare,and he wil be chilvand ſhrug for cold,and forſake hiſ meat,hanging down hiſ head,and quinier after cold water,and af— ter 2. or 3 . daieſ he wil beginto cough. The cure,according to Martin iſ thuſ.Firſt ſcour hiſ belly with the gliſter laſtmentioned, and then give him a comfortable drink made in & & thiſſort.Take of Malmſieaquart, of Sugar halfe a quartern,of hony halfe a quarterne, of 40 Sinamon halfe an ounce, of Licoraſand Anniſ ſeedeſ, of each two ſpoonfulſ, beaten into fine powder ,which being put into the Malmſie, warme them togither at the fire, ſo aſ the hony may be molten, and then give ithim luke warm :that done, walke him vp and down in the warme ſtable the ſpace of halfe an houte, and then let him ſtand on the bit 2. or 3» houreſ without meat, butlet him be warme couered; and wel littered ,'"and gine him hay ſprinkled with a litcle water;and clean ſiſted prouender by a little at once, and let hiſ water be warmed with alittic gxound Malttherein. And if you ſee him ſomewhat cheetred, then let him blood in the neck,and alſo perfiime him once a day with a little Frankincenſe, and vſe to walke him abroad when the weather iſ faire and not windy,or elſ in the houſcif the weather be foule : and by thuſ vſing him you ſhal quiickly reconer him. Of the humgry enill. o | Hiſiſ a verie greatdeſire to eat, following ſome great emprineſſe, or lacke of megre;: and it iſ called of the olde Authoruſ by the Greeke name By//meſ, which ig aſ much " to 50 Of the Hmffi. & ? 381 toſay, aſ a great hunger proceeding , aſ the Phyſitianſſay , at the firſt ofſome extreame outwardcold, taken by long trauelling in cold barrenplaceſ, and eſpecially whereſnow aboundeth, which outward co_ld cauſeththe ſtomacke to be cold, and the inward powerſ to be feeble. The cureaccording to Ab/y7zwſ and FTierecleſ, iſ in thebeginning to com— forthe horſeſ ſtomacke, by giuing him brcafi ſopt in wine. And if you be in a place of reſt, to ginve him wheat flower and wine to drinke, or to make him cakeſ.or balſ of f low— er and winekneadedtogither, and to feed him with that, or with wine and nutteſ of pine treeſ. Aierocleſſaith, if any ſuchthing chaunce by the way whereaſ no flower iſ to be Ead, then it ſhall be beſt to gine him wine and earth wrought togither; either to drinke or elſe — 0 to eate in balſ. Of the diſeaſe in the liner. Lithe olde Authorſ ſpeake much of the paine in the liver, but none of them do declare whereofit commeth, or by whatmeaneſ, ſauing that Hippocrateſſaith, that ſomehorſeſ get it by violent running vpon ſome ſtony or hard ground. I for my part thinke that the liner of ahorſeiſ ſubie& to aſ many diſeaſeſ aſ the liner of a man; and therefore.may be pained diuerſly. Aſſometime by the intemperameſſe of the fame, aſ for thativiſ perhapſ toohot, ortoo cold, too moiſt,or too dry : ſometimeſ by meaneſ of euill humorſ, aſ choler, or flegme abounding in the ſame, according aſ the liner iſ ey= ther hot or cold : for heat breedeth choler, and cold,flegme, by meanſ of whichintem— perature proceedeth all the weakeneſ of the liner. It may be painedalſo ſometimeby.ob— ſtru&ion and ſtopping, and ſometime by hard knobſ, inflammation, Apoſtume,;or vicer bred therein, ſometime by conſumption of the ſubſtance thereof. Theſigneſ of heate and hothumorſ, betheſe, loathing of meat, great thirſt, and looſeneſ of belly, voiding dung ofſtrongſent, and leanneſſe of body. The ſigneſ of cold, and cold humorſ be thefe :ap— petite to meat without thirſt, a belly neither continually looſe nor ſtiptike,but betweene timeſ, no ſtrong ſent of dung, nor leanneſſe of body,; by which kind of ſigneſ; both firſte and laſtmentioned, and ſuch like, the weakeneſſe & greefe of the liner iſ alſo to bee lear— , nedand ſought out.Obſtruction or ſtopping moſt commonly chancethby travelling or laboring vpon a full ſtomacke, whereby the meat not being perfectly digeſted,. breedeth grofic and toughhumourſ, which humourſ by vehemency ofthe labour, are.alſodrinen violently into the {mall vaineſ, whereby the linver ſhould receine good nutriment; and ſo breedethobſtruction and ſtopping. The ſigneſ whereof in manſ body iſ heauineſle and diſtenſion, or ſwelling, withſome griefe in the right ſide vnder the ſhortribſ, and eſpe— cially: when he labourethimediatelyafter meat, which thingſ Lbelecue if it were diligent ly obſcrued, were eaſie ehough to find in a horſe , by hiſ heauie going at hiſ ſerting forth and often turning hiſ head to the ſide greened. Ofan olde obſtruGtion, and efpecially.if the humorſ becholericke, breedeth many timeſ a hardeknob.on the liner, called of the Phyſitianſ Sechi7r0ſ; which in manſ body may befelt, ifthe body bee not oner—fat : andit 4 iſmore eaſic for him to lie on theright ſide than on the lefte, becauſe that. lying on the leftſide, the weight of the knob would oppreſſe the ſtomackeand vitallparteſ veryeſore, by which ſigneſ methinkeſ a dilligentFerrer maylearne, whether ahorſe hath any ſuch diſeaſe or not. The inflammation of the liner commeth by 'meaneſ that the blood either through the abundance, thinneſſe, boiling heat, or ſharpeneſ thereof,or elſethrough the violence of ſome outwarde cauſeſ breaketh out of the vaineſ, and flowethinto the bodie ofthelitreer, and there beirig out of hiſ proper veſſelſ doth immediatly putrifice and iſ in» flamed, and therewith corruptethſo muichf leſhieſubſtaunce of the liner aſ iſ imbrewed withallſ and therefore'for the moſtpart, the hollowſide ofthe liner iſconſumied : yea,and 0 fometime the full ſide. i aAo Thiſhotte bloodymatter then iſ— properlie called an inflammition, which by natutall heateiſafterwardeturned into a plaine corruption, and then it iſ calledin Impoſtiime, which if it breake out and run, theniitiſ calledan Vicer, or filthic fore : Thuſ yquſee, of one euill Fountaine may ſpring diverſ greefſ, requiring diuerſ cureſ.And thoglhnone of mine\Authourſ, nor anic other Eerrer that LIknow hane waded thitſ farre, yetlthought good 382 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Elundevile goodby writing thuſ much, to give ſuch Ferrerſ aſ be wiſe, diſcreet and diligent, ocea.— ſionto ſeeke for more knowledge and vnderſtanding than iſ taught them, and methinkeſ thatit iſ a great ſhame;that the Ferrerſ of thiſ age thould not know much more than the Ferrerſ of old time, fith that beſideſ that, the olde menſ knowledge iſ not hidden from them,;they haucalſo their own experience, and time alſo bringeth cuery day new thingſ to light.But now to proceede in diſcourſing of theliuer according to the Phyſitianſ doc— trine aſ Thaue begunne, May then of an inflammation in the hollowe ſideofthelinuer, the ſigneſ be theſe : loathing of meat, great thirſt, looſeneſ of belly, caſie lyeng on the right fide, and paineful lyeng on the left.But if the inflammation be on the full ſide or ſwelling fide of the liner, then the patient iſ trobled with difficulty of breathing ,with a dry cough t and grecuouſ paine,pulling and twitching the wind—pipe, and to lie vpon the rightſide iſ more painſul than the left, and the ſwelling may be felt with a manſ hande. But you muſ vnderſtand by the way, that al theſe thingſ laſtmentioned be the ſigneſ of fome great in flammation, for ſmal inflammationſ hauenoſuch ſigneſ, but are to be indged onely by griefevnder the ſhort ribſ andferching ofthe breath. Theſigneſ of Apoſtumation iſ painefuland great heate. Theſigneſ of Vicerationſ iſ decreaſe of the heat with feebleneſ and fainting. For the filthy matter flowing abroad with cuil vapourſ corrupteth the heart, and many timeſ cauſeth death. The ſigneſ of the conſumption ofthe liner, ſhal bee declared in thenext chapter, and aſ for the curing of alotherdiſeaſeſ before mentioned, experience muſt firſt teach it ere I can write it. Not— 29 withſtanding, Icannor thinke but that ſuch thingſ aſ are good to heale the like diſcaſeſ inmanſbody are alſo good for a horſe, for hiſ liver iſ like in ſubſtaunce and ſhape tog manſ liner , differing in nothing but onely in greameſſe. And therefore I would with you to learne at the Phyſicianſ handſ, who I amſure firſt, aſ touching the weakeneſ of the Li— uer, proceeding of the vatemperateneſ thereof, wil bid you to heale euery ſuch vntem— peratneſ by hiſ contrary ; that iſ to ſay, heat, by colde, anddrineſſe by moiſture :andſo contrary: And therefore it ſhal bec verye neceſſary for you to learne the qualitieſ, na— tureſ, and vertueſ of hearbſ,drugſ,andal other ſimpleſ, and how to apply them in time. Andfor to heale the obſtcuction of the liner, they wil counſel you perhapſ to make the horſe drinkeſ of ſuch ſimpleſ aſ theſe be, Agrimony, Fumitory, Camomile, Worme— 30 wood, Licoraſ, Anniſ ſeedſ, Smallage, Perſly, Spiknard, Gentian, Succorie, Endivue, Sperage, Lupinſ, the vertueſ whereof youſhalllearne in the herbalſ: but amongeſtall ſimpleſ, there iſ none more praiſed than the liner of a Woolfe beaten into powder, and mingledin any medicine that iſ made for any diſeaſe in the liner. The cure of an inflammation confiſteth in letting blood , and in bathing ,or fomenting theſore place with ſuch hearbeſ and oyleſ, aſ may mollifie and diſperſe humorſ abroad, wherewithſome ſimpleſ that be aſtrigent would be alwaieſ mingled : yea, and in alother medicineſ that beapplyed to the liner, for any manner of diſeaſeſ. Simpleſ that mollifie and diſperſebe theſe: Linſeed, Fenegrecke : Camomel, Anniſ ſceedeſ, Meliot : and ſuch like thingſ.Simpleſ aſtringent be theſe :Red Roſe leaueſ,Bramble leaueſ,Wormwood, 48 Plantaine , Mirrhe, Maſticke, Stirax, and ſuch like. Apoſtumeſ are to beripend and voi— ded.Vicerſ muſtbc clenſed, and ſcowred downward either by the belly or by Vrine : and thereforethe vſe of ſuch ſimpleſ aſ prouoke vrine inſuch caſe iſ neceſſary: The oldewri— terſ ofhrorſeleach craft do ſay, that when a horſe iſ greeued in hiſ liner; he wil forfakehiſ meat,and hiſbody wil wakke, hiſmouth wil be dry,hiſ tongue rough and harſh : yea.andit wilſmel, and he wil refuſe to lye on that ſide where hiſ griefe iſ. The cure whereofaccor— dling to Abſ?rtaſ iſ in thiſſort. Let him drink ſtampt Ireoſ with winealayed with water. Heepraiſeth alſo an hearbe much like vnto Calamint : called of Pliny, pPolymeorid, or let him drinke Sauerie with wine and oyle. I thinke that Agrimony or liner—woort iſ aſ g00 aſ the beſt ofthem..4Þ/###ſ would haue hiſ body to be chafed with wine and oile:mixt to 59 gither : and to be welllittered that he may lieſoft ;and hiſ provuender that ſhouldbe gi— nen him to be ſteeped firſt in warme water : and now and then ſome Nitrum to beput itf hiſ drinke. > Of the conſumption in the Liner. HSNiAo! I?elccuſic,that no inwardmember of a horſe doth ſuffer ſo much aſ the lungſ and liuer, ndthatnotſo muchby continual aſby vnordinate, and vntimely trauaile, 1abom;Z an Of the Horſſe. . 383 and exerciſe, whereby either the horſeſ lungeſ, or hiſ liner do moſt commonly periſh, and iſ conſumed : yea, and ſometime both., Of the conſumption of the lungſ, we haue talked ſufficiently before : thereforelet vſ ſhew you heerethe cauſeſ whereofthe con— ſumption of the liver proceedeth, The Phyſitianſ ſay , that it may come of anie humour, but chiefelie and moſt commonlie of cholericke matter, ſhed throughout the ſubſtance of the liner, which purrifieng by litrleand little, and leiſurely, doeth at length corrupt andperiſh all the ſubſtance of the liuer, which thing in manſ body doth fir{it proceede, aſ the phyſitianſ ſay, either by eating corrupt meateſ, or elſe by continuall drinking of ſweet wineſ. 10 But methinkeſ that the conſumption of a horſeſ liuer, ſhould come by ſome extream heat,inGaming the blood, which afterward being putrified, doeth corrupt and exulce— rate the ſubſtance of the liner.For after inflammation, aſ Mſaidebefore, commeth Apo— ſtumation, and then exulceration, which iſ very hard to cure, becauſe the ſubſtance of the liner iſ ſpongeouſ like vnto the Lungeſ. And whilſttheliuer iſ ſo corrupted, there can bee no good digeſtion, for lacke whereof the body receineth nogood nutriment, and therefore muſt needeſ alſo languith and conſume. The ſigneſ according to Mar— tin be theſe. The horſe will forſake hiſ meat, —and wil ſtande ſtretching himſelfe in length, and ne— ver conet to lie downe, and hiſ breath will beſo ſtrong ,aſno man can abideit, and he wil 20 continually caſt yellowiſh matter at the onenoſtrill, or elſe at both, according aſ one or both ſideſ of the lyuer iſ corrupted, and on that ſide that he caſteth moſt, he will haue vn— der hiſ iaw, enen about the midſt thereof a knob or kirnell aſ much aſ a Walnut, which when Martin findeth, hee committeth hiſ carcaſſeto the Croweſ, taking him to bee paſt cure. Butifhe werelet blood in time, and had ſuch drinkeſginen him, aſ are good to comfortand ſtrength the linver, he thinketh that the horſe might be reconered. Inever readany medicine for the waſting of theliuer, aſ Iremember,, but thiſ onely diet,which I found in an oldeEnglith booke. Eet him drinke for the ſpace ofthreedaieſ noother thing but warme wort, and let him eateno othermeat but Oateſ baked in an ouen, and lethim ftand meatleſſe the firſtnight before yougine him thegroort : But Ithinkeit were 30 not amiſſe to put into the wort that he drinketh euery morningſome good: confection or powder made of Agrimony, redRoſe leaueſ, Succharum, Roſaceum, Diarchadon, Abba— ti:, Diaſantalon, Licoraſ and of the liver of a Woolfe, and ſuch other ſimpleſ aſ doe comfort and ſtrengthen the liner ,, or elſe to gine him the ſamethingſ with Goateſ milke lukewarme. Of the diſeaſeſ in the Gall. Sal N my opinion the gall of a horſe iſ ſubieG to dinerſ diſeaſeſ, aſ welaſ the gal Yg of a nian , aſ to obſtruction, wherecof commeth the fulneſſe and emptineſ of 22) the bladder andlikewiſe the ſtone in the gall. . But obſtruction may chaunce 40 51 two manner of waieſ *Firſt, when the waie, whereby the choler ſhould pro— ceede from the liner. vatothe bladder of the gall aſ vnto hiſ receptacie, iſ ſtopped, and thereby the bladder remaineth empty , whereof may ſpring diverſ euill accidentſ : aſ vo— mitting, the lax or bloody flix.Secondly, when the way whereby ſuch choler ſhouldyſ— ſue forth of the bladder of the Gall downe into the gutſiſſhut vp , wherby the bladder iſ ouer full and aboundeth with too much choler, which cauſeth heauineſſe, ſuffocation, belching, heatthirſt, and diſpoſition to angrineſſe. The ſigneſ of bothkindſ of obſtructi— on in the gall iſ coſtiveneſ and yellowiſhneſ of ſkin infedted with the yellow Iaundiſ. The ſtone in the gall which iſ ſomewhat blackiſh proceedeth of the obſtruction of the con— duiteſ of the bladder, whereby the choler being long kept in, waxethdry andturneth at length to harde grauell or ſtoneſ, whereof becauſe there iſ neither ſigneſ nor any gree— o UOUſ accident knowne to the Phyſitianſ, I leaue to talke anie farther thereof, and thera— ther for that none of mine Authorſ do makeanie mention of the gallat all . Notwithſtan— ding to give ſomellight vnto the lerned Ferrerſ, and that they may the better ynderſtand theinward parteſ of a horſe, I thou ght good to writethuſ much,thinkſhg itno timeloſk whileI may profit them anie way. of 384 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of the dzſta_/rſj in the Spleene. He Splene, aſ Lhaue ſaidbefore in many placeſ, iſ the receptacle of mclanchojyſi and of the dregſ of blood, and iſ ſubieC to the like diſeaſeſ that the liner iſ, that iſ to ſay, to ſwelling, obſtrud&ion, hard knobſand inflamation pent, or by fighting one horſe with another.For remedy whereof, hee waſ woont to bath the cod with water wherein hathbeene ſodden the rootſ of wilde Cuctmber and ſalt, and thento anneintit with an oint— ment made of Ceruſa oile, Goateſ greace, andthe white of an Egge:; Some againe would haue the cod to be bathed in warme Water, Nitrumand Vineger togither, and alſo to beannointed with an ointment made of chalke, or of potterſ earth; Oxe dung, cumin, Water and Vineger,,or elſe to be annointed with theivice of theherb 5" Solanum , called of ſome night—ſhade, or withthe inyce of Hemblocke growing on dung< hilſ : yea and alſo to belet bloud in the flankeſ. But Martin ſaith, that the ſwelling of the codſ commeth for the moſt part after ſome ſickneſſe or ſurfetting with colde, and then it iſ a ſigne of amendment. The cureaccording to hiſ experience iſ in thiſ fort.Firſtler him blood on both ſideſ the flanke veineſ. Thentake of oile of Roſeſ,,of V ineger of each halfe # 394 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. apinte, and halfe a quarterne of Bole Armony beaten to powder. Mingle them togither inacruſe, and being luke—warme, annoint the codſ therewith with twoor threc feacherſ boundtogither, and the next day ride him into the water ſo aſ hiſ coddeſ may be within the water, gining him two or three turneſ therein, andſo returne faire and ſoftly to the ſtable, and when he iſ dry annoint him againe aſ before,continuing thuſ to do euery day once vntil they be whole. The ſaid Martin ſaith alſo, the codſ may be ſwollen by meaneſ of ſome hurt or euil humorſ reſorting into the Cod, and then he would haue youcouer the codſ with a charge made of Bole Armony and Vineger wronght togither, renewing it euery day once vntil the ſwelling goaway, or thatit breake of it ſelfe, and if it breake then taint it with A%/ Ry/@z@@m,aud make him a breech of Canuaſ to keepe it in, renewing the taint enery day once vntilitbe whole. Of incording and bruſing. 5 Hiſ—terme incording iſ borrowed of the Icalian word Zecorda#o, which in plain En. Blundevile gliſh iſ aſ much to ſay aſ burſten, and might be more rightly tearmed of vſ vncod— ded, For when a horſe iſ burſten, hiſ gutſ falleth downeinto the cod making it to ſwell. The Italianſ aſ I take it did calit ]flcom%zta becauſe the gutfolloweſ the ſtring of the ſtone called of them 2/cardonſ, or Lachorda, whereof Incordato ſeemeſ to be deriued with ſome reaſon. According to which reaſon we ſhould cal it rather inſtringhed than inchor — ded, for Charda doth fignific a ſtring or chord.Notwithſanding, ſith that incording iſ al— ready receined inthe ſtable, I for my part am very well content therewith,minding notto contendagainſtit.Butnow you haue to note, that either man or beaſt may be burſtendi— nerſly, andaccording to the nameſ of the parteſ greeued, the Phyſitianſ doe gine it di— uerſ nameſ y for you ſhallvnderſtande, that next vnto the thicke outward ekinne of the belly, there iſ alſo another inward thinſkin concring althemuſcleſ, the Caule, and the gutſ of the belly, called ofthe Anatomiſtſ Pex/zonenm», which Skin commeth from both parteſ and ſideſ of the backe, and iſ faſtened to the midriffeaboue ,and alſo to. the bot— tome of the belly beneath, to keepe in al the contentſof the neather belly.And therefore ifthe Skin be broken, or oner fore ſtrained or ſtretched,then either ſome part of the caule or gutſſlippeth downe,ſometime into the cod, ſometime not ſo farre. If the gut ſlip downe into the cod ,then it iſ called ofthe Phyſitianſ by the Greekname Enterocele,that iſ to ſay , gut—burſten. But if the caule fall downe into the cod, thenit iſ called of the Phyſitianſ Eppplocele, that iſ to ſay, Caule—burſten.But either of the diſcaſeſ iſ moſt properlic incident to the male kind , for the femalkind hath no.cod.Notwithſtan— ding they may be ſo burſten, aſ either gut or caule may faldowne into their natureſ.han ging there like a bag : But if it fal not downe ſolowe, but remaineth aboue nigh vnto the privy memberſ or flankeſ, which place iſ called ot the Latineſ z»g@e@,then of that place the burſting iſ calledofthe phyſitianſ Palboncee/e, whereunto I knowe not what Engliſh name to gine, vnleſſe Iſhould cal it flanke—burſten : Moreouer the cod or flanke may bee ſometime ſwollen, by meaneſ of ſome wateriſh humour gathered together in the ſame, whichiiſ called ofthe phyſitianſ Tydrocelſ, that iſ to ſay; water —burſten;and ſometime the codmay beſwollen by meaneſ of ſomehard peece of fleſh cleauing to the thin ſkinſ or lp;ang:ics of the ſtoneſ, and then itiſ called of the phyſitianſ Sazcocele, that iſ to ſay ,fleſh— urſten. Butforaſmuch aſ none of mine Authorſ,Martinnor anie other Ferrer in theſe daieſ that Iknowe, haueintermedled with anie kindof burſting, but onely with that wherein the gutfalleth downeinto the cod : leauing all the reſt apart,, I wil onely talke of thiſ 5 and thataccording to Martinſ experience, which I aſſure you differeth not muchfrom the preceptſ of the old writerſ : But firſt you ſhal vnderſtand, that the gutburſten,and flanke burſien, dothproceed both of onc cauſe,that iſ to ſay , by meaneſ that the Skinne, called before Peyitonewm ;iſ cither ſore ſtrained, or elſe broken,cither by ſome ſtripe of another horſejor elſ by ſome ſtrain inleaping ouer an hedge,ditch,or pale,or otherwiſe: yeaand many rimeſ in paſling a carier,through the careleſneſ ofthe rider ſtoping the horſe ſo— dlenly without giving warning, wherby the horſe iſ forced to caſt hiſ hinderlegſ ab r03 ?, and1d 2 ve w we —In 0 0 0 0 $0 Of the Horſſe. 3D5 ſo ſtraineth or burſteththe Skin aforeſaid, by meaneſ whereof the gut falleth downe into the cod. The ſigneſ be theſe. The horſe. will forſake hiſ meat, and ſtand ſhoring and lean— ning alwaieſ on that ſide that he iſ hurt : and on that ſide, if you ſearch with your hande, betwixtthe ſtone and the thigh vpward to the body, and fomewhat aboue the ſtone you ſhallfindthe gutit ſelfe big and hard in the feeling, whereaſ on the other ſide youſtal find no ſuch thing. The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ.Bring the horſe intoſome houſe or place that hath ouer head a ſtrong balk orbeame going onerthwart, and ſtrew thatplace thickeiwith ſtrawe; then put on foure paſterneſ with foure ringeſ on hiſ feete, and then; faſten'the one end of a long ropeto one ofthoſe Ringeſ, then thread all the other ringſ ro withthelooſeend of the Rope, and ſo draweall hiſ foure feete togither, and caſthim on the ſtraw; Ail + I a That done, caſt the rope ouect the baulke, and hoiſe the horſe ſo aſ he may lye flatte on hiſ backe» with hiſ legſ vpward without ſtruggling. Then bath hiſ ſtoneſ well with warme Water and Butter molten togither , and the ſtoneſ being ſomewhat warme, and wel mol— lified, raiſe them vp from the body with both your handſ being cloſed by the fingerſ faſt togither, and holding the ſtoneſ in your handſ in ſuch manner, worke downe the gut in— tochebody of the horſe,; by ſtriking it downward continually with your two thumbg,one labouring immediatelyafter another, vntill you perceive that ſide of the ſtoneto beeſo ſo ſimallaſ the other, and haning ſodiſcorded, that iſ to ſay , retuind the gut into—hiſ right 20 place ; take a liſt oftworfiugerſ broad throughly annointed with freſh butter, and tichiſ ſtoneſ both togither with theſameſo nigh aſ may bee, not oner hard, but ſo aſ you may put your finger betwixt. That done, take the horſe quietly doWn,an_d lead him faire and ſoftly into the ſtable, whereaſ he muſt ſtand warme, andnot be ſtirred for the ſpace of 3. weekeſ.But forget not the next day after hiſ diſcording to vnlooſen the liſtand to take it away ,and aſ wel at that time'aſ enery day once or twice after, to caſta diſhor two of cold water vp into hiſ codſ and that wil cauſe him to ſhrinke vppe hiſ ſtoneſ and thereby re— ſtraine the gut from falling downe,and at the three weekeſ end be ſure,it were not amiſſe to geld the ſtone on that ſide away , fo ſhall he nenuer be encorded againe on that ſide.But let him noteat much hor drinke much, and let hiſ drinke be alwayeſ warme. 30 Of the botch in the graineſ of a horſe F a horſe be full of humourſ anid then ſuddenly laboured, the humourſ willreſort into theweakeſtpartſ, and there gather together and breede a botch, and eſpecially in the hinder partſ betwixt the thigheſ , not farre from the codſ. The ſigneſ be theſe. Thehin— der leggeſ wilbe al ſwollen, and eſpecially from the hougheſ vpwarde, and if youfeele with your hand you ſhal find a great kind ofſwelling, and if it be round and hard it wil ga— ther to ahead. The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſt ripe it with a plaiſter : take of Wheat—flower, of Turpentine, and of hony , of each like quantity, ſtirring it together to make a ſtiffe plaiſter, and with a cloth lay it vnto the fore, renewing it euery day once vn— til it breake or waxe ſoft, and then launce it aſ the matter may runne downeward : Then taint it with Turpentine and Hoggeſ greace moulten togither, renewing it enery daye once, yntil it be whoole. ! Of the diſeaſeſ incident to the wombe of a Mare, and ſpecially of barrenneſſe, though not ſo many aſ the wombe of a Woman, aſ to aſcent, deſcent, falling out, convalſion, barrenmeſſe, aborſment, yea Ariſfarle and otherſ do not let to write, that menttrualblood doth naturally void fromthe Mare, aſ from the Woman, though it bee ſolittle in quantity, aſ it cannot be well perceiued. But ſith none of mine Authorſ have written thereof to any pu:poſe, nor any Ferrerof thiſ time that I knowe, haue had any experiencce in ſuch matterſ I wil paſſe them all ouer with ſilence,ſauing barrenneſ,where— of IE promiſedbefore in hiſ ducplace, to declare vato you the cauſeſ andſuch kind of cufrc OK IT ſeemethby ſomewriterſ, that the wombe of a Mare iſ ſubieC& to certaine diſeaſeſ, 0 3058 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. for the ſame} aſ the old writerſ have tavght. A Marethen may be barren through the vn— temperateneſſ: of the wombe or matrix, aſwell for that it iſ too hor and fiery, or elſe to cold and moiſt, or too'dry} or elſe too ſhort, ortoonarrow, orhauing thenecke thereof turned awry, or by meaneſ of ſome obſtruction or ſtopping in the marrix, or forthat the mare iſ too fat or too leane, and mary rimeſ mareſ goe barren, for thatthey—be notwell horſed Wel, the cure of barrenneſſe that commeth through the fault of the! matrixe or wombeaccording to the old writerſ iſ thuſ.Takea good handful of Leckeſ, ſtamp them ina morter with halfea glaſſe ful of wine, then put thereunto twelueFlieſ; calledofthe Apothecarieſ Cantharideſ, of diverſ colourſ, if they miay be gotteh, then ſtraine altoge— ther with aſufficient quantity of water to ſerue the mare therewith two'daieſ topether; 15 by powring the ſame into her nature with a horn or gliſter—pipe made of purpeſe; and ay the end of three daieſ next following offer the horſevnto herthat ſhould couer her, and immediately after that ſhe iſ concered, waſh her nature twice together with cold water. Another receipt for the ſame purpoſeſ Akeof Nitrum, of ſparroweſ dung, and: Turpentine, of each a like quantitye well : wrought together and madelike a ſuppoſitory, and put that into her nature,; and itwil cauſe her to deſire the horſe andallo to conceine. ZBppocrateſ ſaith,that it iſ goodalſotoputa nettle into the horſeſ mouth that ſhould coucer her. 20 Ofthe Itch, Scabbe, and mangineſſe in the taile, : and falling of the taile . N ſpringtime horſeſ many timeſ are trobled with the troncheonſ in their fun paldament, and then they wiltubbe their taile, and breake the haire thereof,and e yetin hiſ taile perhapſ, ſhal beneither itchyſcurffenor ſcabbe: whereforeif 5 } you rake the horſe wel with your hand annointed withSope, and ſearch for thoſe tronchenſ and pulthem cleane out, you ſhalcauſe him to leaue rubbing.: and if you ſee that the haire doe fal awaicit felfe, then it iſ a ſigne, that it iſ either eaten with wormeſ, or that there iſ ſome ſcurffe or ſcab.fretting the hair, and cauſing ſuchan itch 30 in hiſ raile aſ the horſe iſ alwaieſ rubbing the ſame.Aſ touching the wormeſ, ſcurffe or ſcab, it ſhalbe good to annoint all the taile withſope, and then to waſh it cleane euento the ground with ſtronge lie, and that wilkil the wormeſ, and make the haire to growe a— gaine. And if much of the taile be worne awaie, itſhall bee needefull to keepe the taile continually wet, with aſpunge dipt in faire water, and that will make the haire to growe very faſt But if the horſeſ taile be maungy ,then heale thatlike aſ you do the mangineſſe ofthe maine beforerchearſed. Againe, if there breed any Canker in the raile (whichwil conſume both fleſh and bone, and aſ Larre»tionſ Roſfinſ ſaith, makethe ioyntcs tofalla— way one by one) it ſhallbe good aſ Martin ſaith, to waſh all hiſ taile with Aquafortiſ Of 25 :ftrong watermadein thiſ ſort : take of greene Coporaſ, of Alum, of each one pounde, * of white coporaſ, a quarterne.Boileal theſe thingſ togither in three quarteſ of runninge water in a ſtrong carthen pot, votil one halfe be conſumed, and then with a little of thiſ water being made lIuke—warme, waſh hiſ raile witha litcle clout,or Flax bound to the end of a fticke, continuing ſo to do enuery day once vntil it be whole. Of the Scabbe. He Scab iſ a foule ſcurffe in diverſ partſ of a horſeſ body,& commeth of pouerty or ilkeeping, or many timeſ by going amongſt woodeſ wherein they are infeded with water bougheſ : it iſ moſt incident to olde horſeſ, which wil die thereof, and .4 ](;hieſc]fy in the ſpring time when thenewe blood appeareſ: the cure whereof Thaueſpo— enbefore. How to know when a horſe halteth before in what part hiſ griefe iſ— _ Being now come to talke of the griefeſ in the ſhoulderſ, legſ, hipſ, hougheſ, ioyntcsact an Oſffie Hoſiffi'. 39 7 and hooueſ, cauſing the horſe moſt commonly to halt : I thinkeit goodfirſt to ſhew you the way how to find in what part of hiſ legſ the horſe iſ grieued when he balteth either be— fore or behind. And firſt you haue to conſider that if a borſe halteth before, it muſt be ey— ther inhiſ ſhoulderſ, in hiſ legſ, or in hiſ feet. If it be in hiſ ſhoulderſ and new burt, the horſe wilnot lift that leg, but traile it nigh the ground.If it be old hurt, he wil caſtthat Lee further from him in hiſ going then the other, and if he be turned on the foreſide, then he wil haltſo much the more. If a borſe halteth in the legiit iſ either in the knee,in the ſhank, or elſ in the paſtern ioynt,if it be either in theknee, or paſtern ioynt, he will not bowthat leg in hiſ going like the other, but go very ſtifly vpon it. If he haltech in theſhank, then it x0 iſ by meanſ of ſome ſplent,wind—gal, or ſuch apparant griefe, apt to be ſeen or ſelt. If he halt in the foor,,it iſ either in the cronethcele,in the toe,inthe quarterſ,or ſole of the foor. If it be in the cronet the griefe wil beapparant,the ſkin being broken or ſwelen ſome man— nerof way : if in the heele,aſ by ouerreach or otherwiſe,chen he wil tread moſt on the toe: if vpon any of the quarterſ,then going on the edge of a bank or hilly ground , he will halt more then on the plain ground,and by the horſeſ comming toward you,and going from you vpon ſuch edge or banck, youſball caſily perceine whether hiſ griefe be in the inward quarter or inthe outward quarter : the quarter iſ to be vnderſtood, from the mid—hooue to the heele. If be halt inthe toe»which iſ not commonly ſeen;then he wil tred more vponthehcele. 20 Ifthe griefe be in the ſole of hiſ foot,then he wilhalt al after one fort vpon any ground,vn— leſſe it be vpon the ſtoneſ: And to be ſurein what part of the footethe griefe iſ, it ſhall be good firſt to make him go vpon the plain ground, and then vpon a hard & ſtony ground: yea,andalſo a banky ground. Thuſ hauing declared vnto you in generall, how to know in what part a horſe iſ gricued when he halteth before : I thinke it meete firſtto ſhew youor— derly all the particular griefeſ and ſoranceſ, whereunto the fore—partſ of a horſe iſ ſubicG, togetber with the cauſeſ,ſignſ and cure thereof. That done,I will ſpeak of halkting behind, and ſhew you firſt generally where the griefe iſ, and then particulary declarevntoyou e— uery griefe incident to the hinder partſ of a horſe. And laſtly, I will ſpeake of ſuch priefeſ and ſoranceſ aſ are commonly in both partſ,that iſ to ſay ,aſ wel to the forelegſ and fore— 30 fect, aſtothe hinder legſ and hinder feet, : Of the griefe and pinching in the ſboulder . Hiſ commeth cither by laboring and ſtraining the Horſe too young, or elſe by ſome great burthen ; you ſhal perceiue it by thenarrowneſ of the breſt, and by conſuming fieſh of the ſhoulderſ, infomuch aſ the forepart ofthe ſhoulder bone wil ſticke out,and be a great deal higher then the fleſh. And if itbe of long continuance, he wilbe very hollow in the briſket towardſ the armeholeſ, and he wil go wider beneath at the feet, then aboue at thekneeſ. The cure according to Martin iſthuſ. Gine him a ſlit of an inch long witha o ſharp knife or raſor vpon both ſideſ an inch vnder the ſhoulder boneſ : then with a Swanſ quilput intotheſlit, blow vp firſt the one ſhoulder and then the other, aſ big aſ can poſſi— ble, euen vp tothe witherſ , & with your hand ſtrike the winde equally into euery place of the ſhoulderſ. And when they be both ful, then beat althe windy placeſ with a good ha— ſel wand or withboth your handſ, clapping vpon the placeſ puffed vp with wind, to faftaſ they can walkeoneafter another ouer al the ſhoulder :then with a flat ſlice of iron,looſen the ſkin within from thefleſh: that done,rowel the two ſlitſ or cutſ with two round rowelſ made of the vpper leather of an old ſhoo, with a hole in the middeſt that the matter may yſſue forth, and letſuch rowleſ be 3.incheſ broad, and ſo put in aſ they may lie plain and flat withinthe cut: then make a charge to lay vpon the ſame in thiſ ſort. Take of Pitch ,and roſen, ofeach one pound, of tar halfe a pinte, boile theſe thingſ alto— 50 getherin a pot, and when it iſſomwhat cooled, take a ſticke with a wollen clout bound faſt to the end thereof, and dip it into thiſ charge, and couer or daube al the ſhoulder there— with. That done, clapthereunto a pounde of Eloxe of ſuch colour aſ the Horſe iſ, or aſ nigh vnto the ſame aſ may be, euery other. day clenſe both the woundeſ and rowelſ, and putthemin agzine, continuing thuſ to dotheſpace of fifteene daieſ. | Mm Then The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. 'Then take them out,and healevp the woundſ with two raintſ of Elax diptin Turpentine, and hogſ grcaſc molten together, renewing the ſame enery day oncc,vntfl_thc woundſbe whole. Burlet the chargelye ſtil ,"votill it fal away of it ſelfe,andlet the horſe run to graſſe, Yntillhehath had a froſt or two. of the wrinching of theſboulder . Hiſ commeth ſometime by a fal.and ſometime by turning tooſuddenly in ſome vn euen ground, or by raſh running out of ſome doore, or by ſome ſtripe of another horſe, or by ſome ſudden ſtop in paſſing a Cariere: you ſhal perceiue it in hiſ going by trailing hiſ legſ vpon the ground, ſo cloſe vnto himſelfe aſ heecan poſſible. The cure, according to Martin iſ thuſ. Lethim bloodthe quantity of three pinteſ, on the breaſt in the palat vaine, receiuing the blood ina pot, and thereunto put ſirſt a quart of ſtrong vi— neger, and halfe a doozen broken eggeſ, ſhelleſ andall, and ſo much wheat—flower aſ will thicken all that liquor. That done, put thereunto bole Armony beaten into fine powder one pounde, Samg#iſ Draceniſ two ounceſ, and mingle them altogether, ſoaſ the flower may nocbe percciued, and if it be too ſtiffe, you may makeit more liquid or ſoft, with a lictle vineger. Then with your hand daube al the ſhoulder from the mane downward, and betwixtthe fore—bowelſ allagainſtthc haire, and letnotthe horſe departout ofthat place, wntill the charge be ſurely faſtoed vnto the ſkin. Thatdone, carry him into the ſtable, and tie him vp to the racke, and ſuffer him notto lie down al that day, and giue himalittlemeat,dieting him moderatly the ſpace offifteen daieſ : during which time, he may not ſtir out of hiſ place, but onely to lye downe, and e— very day once refreſh the ſhoulder poinatwith thiſ charge, laying ſtillnew vpon the olde, and at thefifteene daieſ end; lead him abroad to ſee how he goeth, and if he be ſomewhat amended, then lethim reſt withouttrauelling,the ſpace of one month,and that ſhal bring hiſ ſhoulder to perfecion. But if he be nener the better for thiſ that iſ done,than it ſhal be needeful to rowellhim with a leather rowellvpon the ſhoulder point, and to keepe him rowelledthe ſpace offifteene daieſ, renewing the rowel, and clenſing the wound enety 0— ther day, and then walke him vp and downe fairreand ſoftly, and curne him alwaieſon the contraty ſide to the ſore, and when hee goeth vpright, pul out the rowell and heale the wound with a taint of flax diptin Turpentine, and hogſ greace molten together. And if al thiſ will not ſerue, then it ſhal be needful to draw himchecker wiſe with a hot iron ouer all the ſhoulderpoint, andalſfo make him to draw in a plough enery day two houreſ at the leaſt;to ſercle hiſ ioyntſ forthe ſpace of three weekeſ'or a month, and if any :thing wilthelp him, theſe two laſt remedieſ wil help him; and make him to go vpright againe: :— } Of ſpluiting in the ſhoulder. Hiſ commethby ſome dangerouſſliding or ſlipping, wherby the ſhoulderparteth from the breaſt, andſoleaueſ an open rift, not in the Skin, but in the fleſh andfilme next vnder the okin, and ſo he halteth & iſ not able to goe,; you ſhal perceiue itby. trailing hiſlegge after him in hiſ going. The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſtputa paire of ſtrait paſterneſ on hiſ fore—feet,kceping him ſtilin the ſtable without diſquicting him. Then take of Dialtheaone pound, of ſallet—oyle one pinte, of oyle de bayeſ halfeia pound, offreſh butterhalfea pound, meltal theſe thingſ togetherin a pipkin;andannoint the gricitred place therwith;and alſo round about the infide ofthe ſhoulder, and within two orthreedaieſ after, both that place and allthe ſhoulder befideſ wil ſwel. Then cither prick him withalancer or fleame, inalthe ſwelling placeſ, or elſe with ſome Ocherſharphotiron, thehead whereofwould be an inchlong, to the intent that the.cor— ruption may 'flin out ,and vſe toannointit ſtil with the ſame ointment But if you ſeethatit wilnot go away but ſwelſtil, and gather to a head, thein lance it where theſwelling doth ga— thermoſt, and iſſoftvnder the finger, & then tainvitwith flaxdiptin thiſ ointment : take of Turpentineand of hogſ greaſe of each two ounceſ; and melt them together,cencwinſ the taint twice a day vatilit be whole. E of tO 20 30 49 Of the Horſſe. 399 Of the ſhoulder pighſt. Hiſ iſ when the ſhoulder point or pitch ofthe ſhoulder iſ diſþlaſed, which griefe iſ Blundevile Tcallcd ofthe Italianſ gpa/lazo,and itcommeth by reaſon ofſome greatfalforwardruſh or ſtraine. Theſigneſ be theſe. That ſhoulder point wil ſticke out further then hiſ tellow, and the Horſe will halt right downe. The cure according to Martiniſ thuſ. Firſtmake him to{ſwim in a deepe water vp and down a doozen turneſ, and that ſhal make the loynt tore—» turne in hiſ place. Thenmake two tough pinſ of aſhen wood aſ much aſ your litcle finger, ſharp atthe pointſ, each one fine inchieſ long: that done ,ſlit the ſkin an inch aboue the T point,and an inch beneath the point of the ſhoulder, and thruſt in one ofthe pinſ from a— boue downward ſo aſ both endſ may equally ſtickwithout the ſkin. And if the pin of wood wilnoteaſily paſſe through, youmay makeitwayfirſt with aniron pin. That done, make otber two holeſ croſſe to the firſt holeſ,ſo aſ the other pin may crofſſe the firſt pin right in themidſt with a right croſſe, and thefirſt pinwould beſfomewbat flat in the mideſt, to the intent that the other being round, may paſſethe better withour ſtop and cloſethe inſter together. Thentakea peece of alittle lineſfomwhatbigger then a whipcord,andatone end make aloope, which being put oucr one of the pinſendſ,,wind the reſt of the line good & ſtraite a 0 about the pinſ endſ, ſo aſ it may lye betwixt the pinſ endſ and the Skin, and faſten the aſt end witha pack needle and a pack thread,vnto the reſt of the cordſo aſit may not ſlip—:and to do well, both the prickeſ and the cord would befitſtannointed with a litele hogſ greace. Then bring him into the ſtable, and let him reſtthe ſpace of 9.daieſ, butlethim lye down aſ little aſ may be, and put on a paſterne on the ſoreleg,ſo aſ itmay be bound witha cord vato the foot of the manger , to keepe that legge alwaieſ whileſt he ſtandeth in the ſtable more forward then the other. And at the nine daieſ end take out the prickeſ; and annoine theſoreplaceſ with a litle Di althea, or with hogſ greaſe, and then turn him out to graſſe. Of the ſwelling of the forelegſafter great labor, 30 ; Reatlabor and heat cau ſeth humorſ to reſort down into the legſ making them ſwel, The curewhercof, according to Martin iſ thnſ. Bath themwith buttered beereor elſ with thiſ bath here following : take of Mallovveſ 3< handfulſ,a roſe cake,Sage onchand— ful: boilethem togetherin a ſufficient quantity of vvater, and vvhen the Mallovyeſ bee foft, put in halfea pound of butter, and halfe a pinte of Sallet—oile, and then being ſome— yvhat wwarme, vvaſh the ſvvelling thervvith euery day once—theſpace ofthree or 4.daiceſ. And if the ſwelling wilnor go away with thiſ, then take Wine leeſ, and Gumin;and boile themtogether, and putthereunto a little wheate—flower, and ch argealthe ſwclhſing there— with, and walke bim often: and if it willnotſerue, then take vp the greatveine aboue the knee on tlic infide, fuffering him not to bleed from aboue, but al from beneach.. | Hecauſeof thiſ griefe iſ whereaſIſhewed you3tl diarlyreſort downe into hiſ I, ithehorſewilgo crovchingal Of the Foundering in the forelegſ. declared before in the Chapter ofſſfoundcrſiing inthe body, hat if a horſe be foundred in the body, thehumorſwilimme— egſ, aſ Martin ſaith within the ſpace of 24. houreſ, and then vponthehinderlegſ, hiſ forelegſ being ſo ſtiffe, aſ he iſ not abletobowthem. Thecure whereof,according to Martin, iſ in thiſfort. Garter cach leg iimmediatly.onehandfulabo , chatelim,and ſo puthimiin ae theknee, with aliſtgood and hard, and then walke himor a heat, and being ſomewhat warmed, let him blood in both thebreaſtvaineſ, refernuing the blood to make a chargewithalin thiſ manner. — Take of that bloodetwo quarteſ, and of Wheate—flower halfe a pecke, and ſixe Eggeſ» ſhelleſ and allpof bole Arimnony halfe a poundſ, of Sangniſ Draconiſ halfe a quarterne " "and a quaiteiof. ſtronge*Vineger : mingle them altogether, and charge all hiſ ſhoulderſyBreaſt, Backe, Loyneſ, and Forcleggeſ therewith, and then walke—him Mm 2 ypon 400 Markham. The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. vpon ſome hard ground, ſuffering himnot to ſtand ſtill, and when the charge iſ dry,re. freſh it againe. And haumg walked him three or 4.houreſ togcthcr,lcad him into the ſta— ble, and give hin a little warm water with ground manlt in it,and then a litle hay and pro— uender, and then walke him againe, either in the houſe, or elſe abroad, and continue thuſ the ſpace of foure daieſ : and when all the charge iſ ſpent, coucr him well with a houſing cloth, and let him both ſtand & lye warme, and eat but little meat during the foure daieſ, But if you ſeethatat the foure daieſ end he mendeth not a whit, then it iſ a ſign that the humor lieſ in the foot,for the which youmuſt ſearch with your butter, paring all the ſoleſ of the fore—feeteſo thin aſ you ſhallſee the water yſſue through the ſole. That done, with your buiter, let him blood at boththe toeſ, and let him bleede well. Then ſtop the veine 10 withalittie hogſ—greaſe, and then tacke on the ſhooeſ, and Turpentine moltentogether, and laid vpon a little Flax, and cram the place where you didjet himblood hard with tow, to the intent it may be ſurely ſtopt. Then fil botbhiſ feet with hogſ greaſe,and branfried together in a ſtopping Pan ſo hot aſ iſ poſſible.And vpon the ſtopping clap a piece oflea ther, or elſetwoſplentſ tokeepe the ſtopping. And immediarly after thiſ, taketwo Eggeſ, beat them in a diſh, and put therto bole Armony ,and bean—flower ſomuch aſ wilthicken the ſame, and minglethem weltogether,& make therof two plaiſterſ, ſuch aſ may cloſe eachſoot round about, ſomwhat aboue the cronet, and bind it faſt with a liſt or roler;that itmay not fallaway, nor beremoued for the ſpace of three daieſ, but let the ſole be clen— ſed,and new ſtopped euery day once, and the cronetſ to be remoued euery two daieſ,con— 29 tinuing ſo to do vntill it be whole. During which time, Iet him reſtvnawalked, for feare of Iooſening hiſ hooueſ. But if you ſeethat hebegin to amend, you may walke him faire and foftly oncea day vpon ſomeſoft ground,to exerciſe hiſ legſ and feet, and let him not eat muchjnor drink cold water. But if thiſ fandering breake out aboue the hooue, which you ſhalpercere by thelooſeneſſe ofthe coftin, aboue by the cronet;then when you pare the fole, you muſt take al the fore—part of the ſole cleane away ,leauing the heeleſ wholeto the intent the humorſ may have the freer paſſage downeward, and then ſtop him, anddreſſe himaboutthecronet aſ iſ before ſaid. Of Foundring. 30 E allother ſoranceſ, Foundering iſ ſooneſtgot, and hardlyeſtcured.: yet if it may be perceined in twenty and foure houreſ, and taken in hand by thiſ meaneſherre— after preſcribed, itſhalbe cured in other twenty and foure houreſ: notwithſtand— ing, the ſamereceit; bath cured a horſe that hath bin foundred a year & more, but then it waſ longer in bringing it to paſſe. Foundering commeth when a horſe iſ heated, beitig in hiſ greaſeand very fat, and taketh thereon a ſuddaine cold which ſtriketh downe intohiſ Jegſ, and taking away the vſe and feeling thereof. Theſigne toknowit iſ, thehorſe cannot go,but wil ſtand cripling withal hiſ foure legſ together» if you offer to turnehim, he wil ic_ouch hiſbuttockſ totlic ground, and ſome Horſeſ haue Iſeene ſit on their buttockſ to 40 cede. "The cure iſ thuſ : Let himblood of hiſ two breaſt vaineſ, of hiſ two ſhackle vainſ, and ofhiſ two vaineſ aboue the cronetſ of hiſ hinder hooueſ : ifthe vaineſ wil bleed,take from them 3 Spinella, and it 1to commeth, aſ Laxzrentinſ Ruſſuſ ſaith, by trauelling the horſe too younge,or by op— Blundevile preſling him with heauy burthenſ offending hiſ tenderſinneweſ, and ſo cauſethhim to halt. It iſ eaſie toknow becauſcit iſ apparant to the eye, and if you pinch it withyour thumbe and finger, the horſe will ſhrinke vp hiſ leg. The cure whereof according to Mar— tin, iſ in thiſ ſort. WWaſh it wel with warm water, and ſhaue offthe haire, and Ii ghtly ſcarifieal theſore pla— ceſ with the point of a raſor, ſo aſ the bloode may yſſueforth. Then take of Cantharideſ halfe a ſpoonefull, and of Enforbium aſ much, beaten into fine powder, and mingle them together with a ſpoonefull of oile de bay , and then melt them in a little pan, ſtirring them well together, ſo aſ they may not boile ouer, and being ſo boiling hot, take two or 3—fca— 20 therſ, and annoint all the ſore placetherewith. That done, let notthe Horſe ſtir from the place where you ſo dreſle him for one houre after, to the intent he ſhake not off the oint= ment, Then carry bim fair and ſoftly into the ſtable, andtyc him aſ he may not reach with hiſ head beneath the manger, for otherwiſe hee wil couet to bite away the ſmarting and pricking medicine, which if it ſhould touch hiſ lipſ, would quickly fetch of the Skin. And alſo Iet him ſtand withoutlitter all that day and night, The next day annoint theſore place with freth butter, continuing ſo to do enery day onceforthe ſpace of 9.daieſ, for thiſ ſhalallay theheate ofthe medicine, and cauſeboth that, and the cruſt to fallaway of it {elfe,and therewith either cleane take away the ſplent; or at the leaſt remove it out of the knee into the leg , ard ſo much diminiſh it, aſ the Horſe 30 ſhalgoc right vp, and halte nomore through occaſion thereof. Lanrentiuſ Ruſſiiſ would hane theſplent to be cured by fiering it longſt wiſe and ouerthwart. Thaue ſeen the ſplent to be cleane taken away thuſ.firſt hauing clipt away the haire growing vpon the hard place, you muſt beat it with a good big ſtick of haſill almoſt a foot long, in which ſticke ſomwhat diſtant from the one end thereof would be ſetfaſt aſharp pricke of a littlepiece of ſteele,y to pricke the ſore place therewith, once or twice to make the bloode yſſue out, nener lea— uing to beat it firſt ſoftly , and then harder and harder vntil it waxeth ſoft in every place to the feeling, and to thruſt out the blond, partly with the ſticke , leaning on it with both your. handſ, and partly with your thumbſ : that done, wind about the fore place with a piece of double red wollen cloth—holding it ſo aſ it may lye cloſe thereunto, then ſeare itvpon the 0 cloth with the flat ſide of your ſearing itron, made hot, and not red—hot, but fo aſ it may not burnethrough the cloth,that done, take away the cloth;and lay vpon the ſore a peece of ſhoomakerſ wax, madelike a little cake, ſo broad aſ iſ the ſore place, and then ſear that into hiſ Legſ with your ſearing iron, vntill the waxbe throughly moken, dryed,andfin— ken into the ſore : that don ſeareanother piece of waxe in like manner into theſore, vntill it be dryed vp , and then you may trauell your horſe inmediatly vponit if you will.for he willnot haltno more. Of the ſplent. Splent iſ a ſorance of the leaſt moment, vnleſſe it bee on the knee, or elſe a through Splent, both which cannot bee cured : A Splent iſ a ſpungy harde griſſell or bone, 3 growing faſt on the inſide of the ſhin—bone ofa Horſſe, wherea little making ſtark theſinneweſ compelſ a Horſſe ſomewhat to ſtumble : the cureſ are diverſ and thuſ they be. If the ſplent be young, tender, and but new inbreeding,then caſtthe horſe, and take aſpoonefullofthat Oyle called Petrolium, and with that Oyle rubbe the Splenttill you make it ſoft, thentake a fleame, ſuch aſ you let a horſe blound withall, andſtrike the ſplent Mm 3 E Markham. 4.02 Blundevile | Markham. The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. in two or three placeſ, then with your twothombeſ thruſt it hard, and you ſhal ſee cruſht matter& blood come out, which iſ the very Splent , then ſet him vp and let him reſt, or runatgraſſe for a weekſ or more : otherſ for a young Spleent do thuſ: take a haſell ſticke and cut it ſquare, and therewithall beate the ſplint till it be ſoft, then take a blew cloath and lay vppon the ſplent, and take a Taylorſ preſſing yron made hot and rab it vp and downe vpon the cloath oucr the ſplent and it ſhall take it cleane away. But if the ſplent be old & gſſ*eat and growne to the perfection of hardnefle, then you muſt caſt the Horſe and witha ſharp knifeſlit down theſplent, then take Cantharideſ and Euforbium, of each like quan. tity, and boyle them in Oyle debay , and with that fillyp the ſlit , and renewe it for three 15 daieſ together,,then take it away , & anoint the place with Oyle debay, Oyle of Roſeſ or Tar, vatillit be whole. of a Malander. Malander iſ akindeofſeab growing in the forme of lineſ,; or ſtrokeſ, 0— uerthwartthe bent of the knee, and bath long haireſ with ſtubborne rooteſ, like the briſtleſ of a Bore which corrupteth and cankereth the fieſh, like the rooteſ of a childaſ ſcabbed head : and if it bee great it will makethe Horſe to go ſtiffe attheſetting forth, and alſo to haſt. Thiſ dif— eaſeproceedeth ſometime of corrupt bloode, but moſt commontly for lacke of cleane keeping, and good rubbing. The cure according to Martin, iſ thuſ. Firſ waſh it well with warm water, then ſhaue both haire and ſcab clean away , leauing nothin g butthe bare fleſh, wheteuntolay thiſ plaiſter. Take a ſpoonefull of Sope, and aſ much of lime : mingle them rogether, that it may be like paaſt, and ſpreadaſ much on a clout aſ will coucr the ſore, and binde it faſt on with a liſt, renewing it cuery day once the ſpace of two or three daieſ, and at the three dayeſ end, take away the plaiſter and annoint the ſore with oyle of Roſeſ madelukewarme, and that ſhallfetch away the cruſt—ſcurfe, bredby meaneſ of the plaiſter, which being taken away, waſh the ſore place well enery day once with hiſ owne ſtale, or elſe with manſ vrine, and then immediately ſtraw vpon it the pow— der of burnt oyſterſhelſ, continuing thuſ to do enery day once, vntill it be whole. 30 a 0 Another of the Mallander. Mallander iſ a peeuiſh ſorance and commeth of illkeeping . it iſ on the fore—legſ,iuſt on the inſide,at the bending of the kneyt wiſſH ryſiakc a horſe go ſtark,& ſtumble much the cure iſ inthiſ forte. Caſtthe Horſe, and with ſome inſtrument pluck off the dry feab that wil ſticke thereon, and rub it till it bleede, then take and bind it thereto for three daieſ, in which ſpace you ſhall ſee a white aſker on the ſore,then take that off, and annoint itwithoyle of Roſeſ or freſh butter , vntill it be throughly cured. 4() Of an vpper attaint or onerreach vpon the backe ſinnew of the ſbanke, ſomewhat aboue the igynt. He Italianſ call thiſ ſorance A#7/#/Zo, which iſ a painefullſwelling ofthe maiſter ſinnew, by meaneſ that the Horſe dothſometime ouerreach, and ſtrike thatfinnew with the toe of hiſ hinder foote, which cauſeth him to < %}ſi halt. The ſigneſ be apparantby the ſwelling of the place, and by the hor— wWZ ZNW/AW) ſeſ halting. The cure, according to Martin, iſ thuſ : waſh the place with warme wa ter, and ſhaue all the haire ſofarre aſ the ſwelling goeth, and ſcarifie enuery part of the ſore place lightly with the point of a raſor ,that the bloode may yſſue forth. Then take of Cantharideſ and of Euforbium, of each halfe an ounce, mingle them together with halfe a quarterne of Sope, and with a ſlice ſpread ſome of thiſ oyntmentoner altheſore, ſuffering him to reſt there aſ you drefſe him for one halfe houre after, and then you may carry him into the ſtable, and there let him ſtand without litter, and tyed aſ hath beene faid before in the Chapter of theſpleene, and the next day dreſſe him with theſame oint— ment o 0 wa Of the Horſſe. 3 403 ointment onceagaine, enenaſ you did before. And the thirde daye annointtheplace with freſh Butter, continuing ſo to do the ſpace ofnine daieſ, and at the nine daieſend make him thiſ bath.Take of Mailoweſ three handfulſ, a Roſe—cake, of Sage an handfull. Boile them togither in a ſuſficient quantity of warer. And whenthe Malloweſ beſoftput in halfe a pounde of Butter, and halfe a pinte of Sallet oyle; and then being ſomewhat warme, waſh the fore place therewithenery day once, the ſpace ofthree or foure dayeſ. Of anether taint. ' THis iſ a little bladder ful ofielly, much like vato a wind—gal, not apparant to the cie, B/undevile 19 butto the feeling, growing in the midſt of the paſterne, ſomewhat abouethe fruſh. It commeth by a ſtraine, or elſe by ſome wrench ,or by any oner—reach, and maketh the horſe to halt.The ſigneſ be theſe. The neathet—ioynt toward the Fewterlocke willbe hot in feeling, and ſomewhat ſwollen.The cure, according to Martin iſ in thiſ ſort. Tie him aboue the ioynt with a liſt ſomewhat harde, and that will cauſe the bladder to appeare to the eye. Thenlance it with a ſharpe pointed knife, and thruſt out al the ielly. That doone, lay vato itthe white of an Egge, and a little ſalt beatentogether, and laid vppon Flaxeor Towe, and binde it faſt vnto theſore, renewing it once a day the ſpace of foure or fiue daieſ,during which time let him reſt, and then you may boldly labour him. ; @ J 3 Of an Ataint. N Attaint iſ a griefe that commeth by an over—reach, aſ clapping one legge vppon Markham. another, or by ſome other horſeſ treading vpon hiſ heelſ, the cure iſ : take a tharp * knifeand cut out the ouer—reach, that iſ, if it be neuer ſo deepe like a hole, cutit plain and ſmooth, howe broade ſocuer you make it, then waſh it with Beere and Salt, and lay to it Hoggeſ greaſe, Wax, Turpentine, andRozen,of each like quantity boiledand mingled togither, and thiſ wil in few daieſ heale him, beit neuer ſoſore. Of an onor—reach vpon the heele. 0 & Hiſ iſ a cut, ſo aſ the Skinne hangeſ downe at the heele, made withthe toe ofthe hinder foot, and iſ apparant to the cic, and it wil cauſe the horſe ſomewhat to halt. The cure whereof according to Martin iſ thuſ. Cout away theſkinne that hangeth downe, and binde a litrle Flaxe dipt in the white of an Egge, mingled with a little bole 1ÞrmonyI renewing iteuery day once the ſpace ofthree or foure daieſ, and that will rcale it. Of fulſe quarterſ. Hiſ iſ a rifteſometime in the out ſide, but moſt commontly in the inſide of the 49 hooue, becauſe the inſide iſ euer the weaker part, which ſideſ arecommonly cald quarterſ, and therof thiſ ſorance taketh hiſ name, and iſ called a falſe quarter, that iſ to ſay ,a craſed or vnſound quarter, which name indeed iſ borrowed of the Italianſ,cal— ling it in their toong Fal/o quarto.It commeth by euilſhooing ,and partly by euil paring. The ſigneſ be theſe. The horſe wil for the moſt part halt, and therift wilbleed, and iſ ap— parant to theeye.The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ. Iſ the horſe halt, then pul off the thooe,and cutſo much away on that ſide of theſhooe where the gricfe iſ, aſ the ſhctooe being immediately put on againe, the rift may be vncouered. Then open the riſt with a Roſenet or drawer, and filthe rift with a role of Towe dipt in Turpentine, Waxe, and Sheepeſ ſewet molten, renewing it enuery day once, vntil it be whole : Andthe rift being 5" cloſedin the top, draw him betwixt the haire and the hooue with a hot yron ouerthwart thatplace, to the intent that the hooue may ſhoote al whole downeward, and when the horſe goeth vpright, ride him with no other ſhooe, vntil hiſ hooue bethroughly harde» nedagaine. o of > 404 Ihe Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of halzring bekind; and wherethe griefe iſ, plundevile YE Ahorſe halk behind, the griefe muſteither be inthehip, in the ſtiffle, inthehough,in Markham. the hamme, in thelegge, in theneather ioynt, paſterneor foor. Ifhe halt in the hippe of a new hurt, the horſe wil go ſideling, and not followedſo well with that leggeaſ with the other.But if it be old hurt, the fore hippe wil ſhrink and be lower then the other.And iſ beſtſeene, when hee goethvp a hil, or vpon the edge of ſome banke, ſo aſ the woorſte legge may go on thehigher ſide, for then he wil haltio much more, becauſe it iſ paineful vnto him to go ſo vneuenly wrinching hiſ legge. If the griefe bec inthe ſtiffle, then the horſe in hiſ going wil caſtthe ſtiffleioynt outward, andthebone on the inſide wil be farre bigger than the other. If the griefebee in the hough, then it iſ by meaneſ of ſome Spauen, or ſome other hurt apparant to the cie, And thelike may be ſaid of the ham, wherein may beſeene the Selander, or ſuch likeapparant ſorance, cauſing the horſe to halt : If the griefe be eyther in the leg, paſterne or foot, then you ſhal finde it by ſuch ſigneſ aſ hane bin taught you before. Andtherefore let vſ now ſpeake of thoſe foranceſ, that are properly incident to the hinder legſ. i=t Of the String—halt. "He String—hanlt iſ a diſeaſe that maketh a horſe twitch vp hiſ legge ſodenly ,and fo hault much,itgommeth ſometimeſ naturally andſometimeſ cauſually,by meanſ ofſome grea(iold whereby the ſinmeweſ are ſtrained : the beft curetherecof, iſ to dig a pit in ſome dunghil, aſ deepe aſ the horſe iſ hie, and ſet the horſe in ,& couer him with warme dung, and fo let him ſtande the ſpace of two houreſ, then take him out and make him cleane,and then bath him al ouerwith Traine—oile made warme,and it wil help him. Of a horſe that iſ hipped ,or hurt in thebippeſ. He horſe iſ ſaid to be hipt, when the hip—bone iſ remooued out of hiſ right place, which griefe iſ called of the Italianſ Ad@/ de/ ancha.It cummeth moſt commonly by ſome great ſtripe or ſtraine, ſlipping, (liding, or falling. The ſigneſ betheſe. The horſe wilhalt, and in hiſ going he wil go ſideling , and the fore hip wil fallower than the other, and the fieſh in proceſſe of time will conſume cleane away.And if it be ſufftedto zun ſo long , it wil never be reſtored vnto hiſ preſtine eſtate. The beſt way aſ Martinſayth to make him go vpright, iſ to charge hiſ hip andbacke with Pitchand Rozen moltento— gither, and laid on warme, and thenſome flox of hiſ owne colour to be clapped vppon the ſame, and ſolet him run to grafſe, vntil he go vpright,But the ſore hip wil never riſe againe ſo highaſ the other. If the horſe be not hipped, but onely hurt in the hip, and that newly, then firſttake of vile de Bay , of Dialthea, of Nerual, of Swineſ—greace,melt them 40 altogither, ſtirring them continually vntil they be throughly mingled togither, and an— noint the ſore place againſt the haire with thiſ ointment euery day once, the ſpace ofa fortnight,and make the ointment to ſinke wel into the fieſh;by holding a hot broad barte ouer the place annointed, weauing your hand too and fro, vatilthe ointment beentred into the ſkin. And if at the fortnightſ end, you ſee that the horſe amendethno whitte for thiſ,then {lit a hole downward in hiſ ſkin, and an inch beneath the hip—bone, making the hole ſo wide, aſ you may eaſily thruſte in a rowel with your finger , and then with a'little broade ſlice or yron, loſen the ſkin fromthe fleſh aboue the bone, and round about the ſame, ſo broad aſ the rowel may lye flat and plaine betwixt the ſkin and the fleſh, which rowel would be made offoft Calueſ—leather, with a hole in the midft like a ring, hauing gſ athred tied vnto it, to pul it out when you would clenſe the hole, and if the rowel be row— led about with flax faſtried on, & anointed with thointment vnder written, it wil drawſo much the more : and thruſt in the rowel firſt double, and then ſpreditabroad with your finger.That done, taint it with a good long taint of flax or tow dipt inalittle Turpentine andhogſ—greace molten togither and made warme, and cleanſe the hole and the rowel euery day once, and alſo renew'the taint cuery day for the ſpace of a fornight. & 0 20 Of the Horſe. And before you dreſſe him, cauſe him euery day to be ledde vp and downe a foot pace a quarter of an houre, to make the humorſ come downe,andat the fortnightſ end pul out the rowel, and heale vp the wound with the ſame ſalue, making the taint every day leſſer, and leſſer vatilit be whole. And ſo ſoone aſ it iſ whole,, drawwith a hot yron croſſe lineſ, of eight or nine incheſ long, right oucr the hip—bone, ſoaſ the rowelled place may bee in the very midſt thereof, and burne him no deeper , but ſo aſ the Skin may looke yellow and then charge al chat place,and ouer al biſ buttockſ with thiſ charge. Take of pitch one pound, of Rozen halfe a pounde, of Tarrehalfe a pinte : Boile them together, and then being good and warme,ſpred it on with a clout tied in a rinen ſticke : and then clap on a > He horſe iſ ſaid to be ſtiffled, when the ſtiffling bone iſremoned from the fj\': *)ſi' place : but if it be not remoned nor looſened, and yet the horſe halteth by 25 þJt)| meaneſ of ſome gricſe there, then we ſay that the horſe iſ hurt in the ſtifſ ( jſſ W fle, and not ſtiffled. The ſtiffle commeth by meanſ of ſome þlow,or ſome TR<> 4 greatſtraine, ſlipping or ſliding. Theſigneſ betheſe. If he be ſtiffled, the 20 one bone wil ſticke out farther than the other, and iſ apparant to the eie. AMarzin woulde haue you to cure the ſtiffle in al pointſlike vato the ſhoulder—pight, ſauing that the pinſ need not beeſolong, becauſethe ſtifling place iſ not ſo breadaſ the ſhoulder, and ſtan— ding in the ſtable, let him haue a paſterne with a Ring on hiſ forelegge, andthereunto fa— ſtena cord, which cord muſt go about hiſ necke, and let it be ſo much ſtrained, aſ it may bring hiſ ſorelegge more forward thanthe other to keepethe bone fromſtarting out.But ifthe horſe bee but hurt in the ſtiffle with ſome ſt:ipe or ſtraine, then the bone wil not ſtand ont, but perhapſ the place may be ſwollen. The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſtannoint the place with the ointment mentioned before, eaery day once the ſpace ofa fortmight, and if the horſe amend not with thiſ, then rowel him with a hearen rowel, 30 or ele with a quil, and letthe neather hole be ſomwhat before the ſore place,and clenſe the hole euery daye, by turning the rowel, continuing ſtilto annointthe place with the ointment aforeſaid, and that wil make him whole. Of foundering behind. T 'Hiſ happeſ moſt commonly when a horſe iſ very fat, and hath hiſ greace moulren "__{| withiohim, which iſ ſoone done with enery little heate. You ſhal perceiue it by—hiſ going, for he wilbe afraide to ſet hiſ hinder feet to the grounde, and he wilbee ſo weake behind, aſ he wil ſtand quiuering and ſhakingand couct alwaieſ to lie downe. The 6 cure, according to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſtgarter him aboue the hougheſ, and then force him to go awhile to put him in a heat, and being ſomewhat warme, let him bloode in the thigh vaineſ, reſeruing of thatblood a pottle,to make him a charge in thiſ ſort.Put vnto : thatblood, of Wheat—flowerand of Beane—flower, of each a quarter of a pecke, of Bole Armony one pound, of Sexgu/ Dracortſ two ounceſ, ſix Eggeſ,ſhelſ and al, of Turpen> tine halfe a pound, of Vineger a quart, Mingle al theſe thingeſ togither, and therewith charge both hiſ hinder Leggeſ, hiſ Reyneſ, and Flankeſ, al againſtthe haire. And ifthe horſe cannot dung, lette him be raked, and giuehim thiſ gliſter :rake of Malloweſ three handfulſ, and boilethemwelin faire Water from a pottle to a quart. Then ſtraine itand putthereunto halfe a pounde of Butter, andiof Sallet Oyle a quarter of a pinte, and ha— uing emptied hiſ belly, give him alſo thiſ drinketo comforte him ; take of Malmeſiea go dWart, and put thereunto a little Cinamon, Mace, and Pepper, beaten into fine powder ct;\lndof Oyle a quarter of a pinte, and give the horſe to drinke of that Luke—warme witha, orne. f r That don, let him be walked vp and downe a good while togither it he be able to go : if not, then tie him vp to the racke, and let him be hanged with Canuaſ and ropeſ, ſo aſ he may 4.05 4.96 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. may ſtand vppon the ground with hiſ feet : For the lefſe helicth the better, and pare hiſ hinder feet thin, vnill the deaw come out, and tacking on the ſhooeſ againe, ſtoppe the hooueſ with bran aud hogſ greaceboiledtogither, andiet both hiſ fcctha.umg thiſ geere in it, be wrappedvvp in a cloath euen to hiſ paſterneſ, and there tie the clout faſt. Let hiſ diet be thinneand let him drinke no colde water, and giue him in winter wet hay, and in Summer graſſe. Of the dry Spanen. i t Blundevile THe dry Spauin called of the Italianſ Spanawo or Sparanagn0, iſ a greathardknob aſ * Markham. ſi:; big aſ a Walnut growing in the inſide of the hough, hard vnder the ioynt,nigh vn.. to the maiſter vaine, and cauſeth the horſe to halt,which ſorance commeth by kind becauſe the horſeſ parentſ pethapſ had the like diſeaſe at the time of hiſ generation, and ſometime by extreame labour and heat difſoluing humorſ which do deſcend thorough the maiſter vaine, continually feeding that placewith euilnutriment, and cauſeth that placetoſwel. Which ſwelling in continuance of time becommeth ſo hard aſ a bone,and thereforeiſ called ofſome the bone—Spauen. Itneedeth noſigneſor tokenſ to knowe it becauſeit iſ very much apparant to the eie, and therefore moſt Ferrerſ doe take it to be incurable. Notwithſtanding, Martin ſaith, thatit may bee madeleſſe with theſe remedieſ heere », fo]lc>wing. Waſh it with warme water, and ſhaue offthe haire ſo farre aſ the ſwclling Ex— tendeth andſcarifie theplace, ſo aſ it may bleed. Then take of Canzhazideſ one dozen, of Enforbium halfe a ſpoonefull, breake them into powder, and boile them togither with a litcle oile de Bay, and with two or threefeatherſ bound togither , put it boiling hot vpon the ſore, and let hiſ taile be tyed vp for wiping away the medicine ; and then within halfe an houre after,ſet him vp in the ſtable,and tic him ſo aſ he may notlie downe al the night for teare of rubbing off the medicine, and the next day annoint it with freſh butter, con— tinuing thuſ to do enery day once the ſpace of fiue or ſixe daieſ, and when the haire iſ growneagaine, draw the ſore place with a het yron. Then take another hotſharpe yron like 2 Bodkin, ſomewhat bowing at the point, and thruſte it in at the neather end of the 30 midd{e—line, and ſo vppeward betwixt the Skinne and the fleſh to the compaſſe of an inch and a halfe. And then taint itwith a little Turpentine and Hoggeſ—greace moulten together and made warme, renewing it euery day once the ſpace of nine daieſ.Bur remember firſtim mediarely after hiſ burning to take vppe the maiſter vaine, ſuffering him to bleed a little fromaboue , and tie vp the vper end of the vaine, and leaue the neather end open, to the intent thathee may bleede from beneath vntil it ceaſe it ſelfe, and that ſhal diminiſh the Spauen, or elſenothing wil doit. e Of the Spanen, both bone and blood. ; b . 40 (Z J| Oubtleſſe a Spanen iſ an euilſorance, and cauſetha horſe to hault princi— pally in the beginning of hiſ griefe, itappearcth on the hinder Leggeſ BS3|| within, and againſt the ioynt, and it will bee a litcle ſwolne, and ſome hor— eRREN) ſoſ have athorough Spauen, which appeareth both within and without. 22 2) Of the Spaten there are two kindeſ, the one hard the other ſoft : That iſ a bone—Spavca, andablood—Spauen, for thebone—Spanen Iholdeit harde to cure, and therefore theleſſeneceſſaty to be dealt withal, except very great occaſion vrge, and thuſ it may be holpen. a . *— Caſtthehorſeandwith a hot yronſlitte the fleſh that conereththe Spanen, and then 59 lay vpon the Spaven, Canth@rvideſ and Enforbinm boyled together in oile deBay , and an— noint hiſleggeſ round about, either with the oile of Roſeſ, and with Pygwenrum album camphiratum. Dreſſe him thuſ forthree daieſ togither, then afterwarde take it awaye andfor three daieſ more lay vnto it onely vpon Flaxe and voſlea& lime, then afterward dreſſeit with T arre vneil it be whole. * " v 4 6 Of the Horſſe. i 407 The Cantharideſ and Enforbium , wil eat & kilthe ſpungy bone, the lime wil bring it clean away, and the Tarre wil ſucke out the poiſon, and heale al vp found : but thiſ cure iſ dan— gerouſ, for iftheinciſion be done by an vnſkilful man, and he either by ignorance or by the ſwaruing of hiſ hand, burne in twaine the great vaine that runneſ croſſe the Spauen, then the horſe iſ ſpoiled. Now for the blood Spaven that iſ eaſily helpt, for Thaueknowne dinerſ which haue beenebut newly beginning, helpt onely by taking vppe the Spauen vaine, and letting it bleed wel beneath,and then ſtop the wound with Sage,and Salt,but if it be a greatblood Spauen, then with a ſharpe knife,cut it aſ you burnt the bone Spanen,and take the Spa— 0 USDAW2Y» then heale it vp with Hoggeſ—greaceand Turpentine onely. Of the wet Spauen, or through Spanen. Hiſ iſ a ſoſtſwelling growing on bothſideſ of the hough and ſeemeſ to goe to cleanethrough the hough, and therefore may bee called a through Spauen. \ But for the mo ſt part the ſwelling iſ onthe infide,becauſe it iſ continually fed WSIESME8ZL of the maſter vain, & iſ greater than the ſwelling on the outſide. The Italianſ cal thiſ ſorance Larerda, or Gierdone , which ſeemeth to come of a more fluxible humor, and not ſo viſcouſ or {limy aſ the other Spauen doeth, and therefore thiſ waxeth not ſo £ harde, nor growethto the nature ofa bone aſ the other doeth, and thiſ iſ more curable thenthe other.It needeſno ſigneſ, becauſe it iſ apparant to the eie, and eaſie toknow by the deſcription thereof before made : The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ.Firſte waſb, ſhaue, andſcatifie the place aſ before. Then take of Caprhazrideſ halfe an ounce, of Eufor— bium an ounce broken to powder,& Oyle de Bay one ounce,minglethem weltogether colde, without boiling them , and 'drefle the ſore therewith two daieſ togither;and enuery day after, vntil the hatte be prowne againe, annoint it with freſh Butter. Then fire him both without and within, aſ before; without tainting him, and immediately take vp the maiſter veine, aſ before : and then for the ſpace ofnine daieſ, annoint him euery daye once with Butter, vntilthe fiered placebeginne to ſcale, and then waſh it with thiſ bath. 3o Take of Malloweſ three handfulſ, of Sage one handful, and aſ much of red nettleſ, boile themin water votilthey.beſoft, and put thereunto a litlefreſh butter, and bath the place enery day oncefor the ſpace of threeor foure daieſ, and vail the burning be whole, Iet the horſecome in no wet. * * e Ofthe Selunder: | "I Hfiſ icakind ofſeab breeding in the ham,; which iſ the bent of the hough, and iſ like 1 in alpointſ, to the Malander, proceeding of like canſeſ, and requireth like cure, and therefore reſort to the Malander: Mb5F ſikſio nivneſ ©*> Ofthe hough boonie, or havd knob. PT Hiſiſ a routnd ſwelling boony , like a Pa,/ſ bal, growing vpon the tippe or elbow of B 'the hough, and therefore Tthought good'to calit the hough—boonic. Thiſ ſorance | Comnmieth offome ſtripe orbruſe, and aſ Martin ſaith, iſ cured thuſ. Take a round hot yron ſomewbat ſharpe at the ende like a good bigge bodkin, and let it be ſomewhat betiding at the pointy Then holding the ſore with yourlefthande, pulling it ſomewbat fromthe ſinneweſ, pierceitwith the yron, being fitſt made red hot,thruſting it beneath inthe bottome, and o vpward into the belly, to the intent that the ſame ielly may yſſue downeward out at the hole, and hauing thruſtoural the ielly, taint the hole with a tainte 50 of Flaxe dipt in Turpentine, and Hoggeſ greace moulten together, and alſo annointe the But—ſide withHoggeſ greicemade warme, rencwingitenery daye once vnatill the hole be ready to ſhutvp, making the taint enery day leſſerandieſſer, to the intentit may Healevp. cale vp of 4.08 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Ofthe Curbe. Blundevile crxe=mſ "TS behind ,and cauſeththe horſe to halt,after thathe hath been a while labouted £2) and thereby ſomewhat heated. Forthe more the ſinnew iſ ſtrained, the grea.— CORSRS) ter griefe, which againe by hiſ reſt iſ eaſed. Thiſ commeth by bearing ſome greatweightwhen the horſe iſ younge, ot elſe by ſome ſtraine or wrinch, whereby the tender ſinneweſ are greeued, or rather bowed (aſ R#/%eſ ſaith (whereofit iſ, called in I. talian Curba a Curuando,that iſ to ſay , of bowing,for anguiſh whereof it doth ſwel, which ,,, ſwelling iſ apparant tothe cie, and maketh that legge to ſhew bigger than the other. The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ : Take ofwine—Leezeapinte, a porringer ful of Wheat flower, of Cumin hbalfe an ounce, and ſtirre them welltogither, and being made warme charge the ſore 3.or 4. daieſ, and when theſwelling iſ almoſtgone, then drawiit with a hotyron,and coucr the burning with Pitch Jand Rozen moulten together, and lay it on good and warme, and clap thereon ſomeflockeſ of hiſ owne coloutr, or ſo nigh aſ ma be gotten, and remoue them not,vnitil they falaway of themſelueſ.And for the ſpace of nine daieſ let the horſſe reſt, andcome in no wet. 5] Hiſ iſ a long ſwelling beneath the Elbow of the hough, in the great ſinnewe Another of the Curbe. } 20 Markhanſ, Curbe iſ a ſorance thatmaketha horſeto halt much, and itappeareſ vpon hiſ hin— { I\ derleggeſ, ſtraight behind vponthe cambrell place, and a little beneath the Spa— uen, and it wil be ſwolne aſ big aſ halfe a Walnut, the cure followeth : Take a ſinall gord and bind hiſ leggeſ hard aboue it, and beneath it, then beat it, and rub it with a hea— uy ſticke til it groweſoft, then with a fleame ſtrike it in three or foure placeſ, and with your thumbeſ cruſh out thefilthy bruſed matter, then looſe the corde, and annoint it with Butter vntil it be whole. Of the paineſ. Blundevile Hiſ iſ akinde of ſcabbe,called in Italian, C/appe, which iſ full of fretting marteriſh water,and it breedeth in the paſterneſ for lacke of cleane keeping and goodrub— bing after the horſehath beene iournied, by meanſ wherof the ſand & dirt remai— ning in the haire, fretteth the ſkin and fleſh, and ſo breedeth a ſcab. And therefore thoſe horſeſ thathane long haire, and are rough about the feet, are ſooneſt troubled with thiſ diſcaſe, if they be not the cleanlier kept. The ſigneſ be theſe. Hiſ legſ wil bee ſwollen and hot, and water wilyſſue out of the ſcab, which water hiſ hot and fretting, aſ it wil ſcalde offthe haire and breed ſcabſ, o farre aſ it goeth.The cure, according to Martin iſ thuſ, Firſt waſh wel al the paſterneſ with Beere and Butter warmed togither, and hiſ legſ be— 19 ing ſomewhat dried with a cloth "clip away al the haire, ſauing the fewter lockeſ. Then take of Turpentine, of Hoggeſ—greace, of hony of each like quantity, mingle themto— icher in a por, and put thereunto a little Bole Armony , the yelkeſ of two Eggeſ, and aſ much Whear—flower aſ wil thicken the thingſ afor[?ſiaid , and make it plaiſter—like,andfor tharcauſeit had need to be very wel wrought and ſtirred togither.Then with a ſlice ſtrike fome of the plaiſter vpon ſuch a peece of linnen cleath aſ wil ſerue to go round about the paſterne, and bind it faſt on with a rowler, renewing itonce a day , vatilict be whole, and let not the horſe be trauelled nor ſtand wet. \ Another of the paineſ. rimnoh 3@ P Aineſ iſ a forance that commeth of hor ill bumorſ of ilkeeping : it appearethin the Markham. Fetlockeſ, and wilſwel in the Winter time, and wil ſendfoorth a ſharpe water: the haire wil ſtare, and the cure iſ thuſ : Waſhthem euery day twice or thricewithgui Pouderand Vineger, and they wil be whole in one weeke at the moſt. »p 0 Of the Horſſe. 409 Of Muleſ or kibed heeleſ called of the Italianſ Male. Hiſ iſ a kind of ſcab breeding behind ,ſomewhat aboue the neather ioynt, growing Toucrchwat the fewterlock, which commeth moſt commonly for being bted in cold ground,or elſe for lack of good drefling,after that he hath bin Jabored in foule mire and dirty waieſ, which durt lying ſtil in hiſ legſ,fretteth the Skin, and maketh ſcabby riftſ, whichareſoonebred, but not ſo ſoone gotten away, The anguiſh wherof maketh hiſ legſ . fomtime to ſwell,and ſpecially in winter and ſpring time,and then the horſe gocth very ſtif— 10 ly,and with great pain. The ſorance iſ apparant to the cie,and iſ cured according to Mar— tin in thiſ ſort. Takea piece of linnen cloth, and with the ſalue recited in the laſt chap.make ſucha plaiſter aſ may coucr al the ſore place, and binde it faſt on that it may not fall off, re— newing it euery day once vntil theſore leaue running,,and beginneth to wax dry ,then waſh it enery day once with ſtrong water, vntill it be cleane dryed vp, but if thiſ ſorance be but in breeding,& there iſ no raw fleſh;then it ſhal ſuffice to anoint it with Sope two or three daieſ, and at the three daieſ end to waſh them with a little Beefe broath or diſh water. Of Frettiſhing. PM FRcrtiſhing iſ a ſorance that commeth of riding a horſe,til he ſweat, and then to ſet him vp withoutlitter, wher he taketh ſuddenly cold in hiſ feet,& chiefely before : it appearſ vnder the heelein the hart of the foot: for it will grow dun,and wax white and crumbly like a Pomyſ,& alſo in time it wil ſnow, by thewrinckleſ on hiſ hoofe,and the hooſfe wil grow thicke and brickle,he wilnot beable to tread, on ſtoneſ or hard ground, nor well to trauel but ſtumble and fal:the cure iſ thuſ: Take and pare hiſ feet ſo thin aſ may be,then roſttwo or three Egſ, in the Emberſ very hard,& being extream hot taken out offire, cruſh them in hiſ foot,and then clap a piece of leather theron, and ſplint it that the Eggeſ may not fal eut, aud ſo let him run and he will beſound. Markham. 30 Of ſovanceſ or griefeſ that becommonto allfoure feet. Hlchcrto we haue declared voto youthe cauſeſ.ſignſ and cure of allſuch griefeſ aſ are properly incident, either to the forelegſ, or hinder legſ : now therefore weſpeake of thoſe griefeſ that be common to them both,and firſtof windgalſ. Of Windgalleſ. 3 He windgall called of the Italianſ G4//z, iſ a bladder full of corrupt ielly, whereof plundevile ſome be great and ſome bee ſmall, and do grow on each ſide of the ioynt, and iſ ſo painfull, and eſpecially in ſummer ſeaſon when the wether iſ hot and the waieſ hard, . aſ the horfeiſ not able to trauell but halreth downe right. They come for the moſtpart through extreame labor and heat , whereby the humorſ being diſſolued, doe flow and re— ſortinto the hollow placeſ about the neather ioyntſ, and there be congealed and conered with a thin Skin like a bladder. They bee apparant to the cie and therefore neede no other ſigneſ to know them. The cure whereof according to Martin iſ thuſ. Waſh chem with water and ſhaue off the haire, ſcarifie them with the point of a raſor, and dreſſe them with Cantharideſ in the ſelfeſame manner aſ the ſþlent in the knee waſ taught before, and an— nointthem afterward with butter vntil the ſkin be whole. And if thiſ will not heale it, then drawthemwitha hotiron like a ragged ſtaffe. That doneſlit the middleline which paſſeth right downethrough the windgall with a ſharpeknife, beginning beneath and ſo vpward the length of halfean inch, to the intent you may thruſttheielly outat that hole, then lay 0 itoit alittlepitchand rozen molten together, and made Inkewarme, and put a few floxe on it, and that will heale him. And youmay dry vp the windgallinſuch manner asuhccrc followeth . Firſt chop off the haireſo faraſ the windgall extendeth, and bauing firiken it with a fleame, thruſt out the ielly wich your finger. Then take a peece ofred wollen cloath and clap it to the place, and with ahot broad ſearing iron ſeare it, ſo aſ the iron may not burne through thecloth, which iſ don to dry vp the humorſ. Nn Thern 410 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. Then bauing taken away the cloth,lay vnto the place a peece of ſhoomakerſ waxe made like a flat cake,aboutthe breadth of a teſtorn and with your iron not made ouer hot,ſtreel ſoftly vponit too and fro, vntillthe ſaid wax be throughly melted into the ſore. VWherup.. on lay a few flox, and Iet him go. Which flockſ will afterward fall away of their owne ac. cord. ofWindgalſ. [A Z Ingalſ are eaſie to cure, they be litrle ſwellingſ like blebſ or bladderſ, on either ſide che joint next vnto the feuter—lockſ, aſ wel beforeaſ behind, and they come through Markkam:. the occaſion of great trauell,inhard grauelly ,or ſandy waieſ.The cure iſ. TakePitch, Ro. zen, and Maſtick, of each like quantity, meltthem together,and with a ſhc}c lay itround a. bout the horſeſ legſ ,ond whileſt it iſ hor layflockſ theron : the nature of thiſ plaiſter,iſ ne. ver to come away whilſt there iſ any windgall on the Horſeſ legſ, but when they are dried vp, then it will fallaway ofitſelfe. . o 0 Of wrinching the neather ioynt. — THis commeth many timeſ by treading awry infome cart root or otherwiſe. The ſignſ be theſe. The ioynt will be ſwollen and ſore, and the horſe will hale. The cure whereof according to Martin iſ thuſ : take of Dialthea halfe a pounde, and aſ mucfhl of Neruall. Mingle them together and anoint the ſore place therewith, chafing it well with boch your handſ that the oyntment may enter, continuing ſo to do euery day once, vntill the oynt.— ment beall ſpent, and let the horſe reſt. But if thiſ will not prevaile,then waſh it with warm water and ſhaue away all the haire ſauing the fewter—lock. Scarificit and lay to it Cantha— rideſ, and heale it aſ you do each ſplent in the knee. Ofenterfering. Blcauſc enterfering iſ to be holpen by ſhooing, wee purpoſenot to ſpeake of it, vntill we come to talke of the order of pating and ſhooing all manner of hooueſ. 20 30 Another of Enterfering. ENrerfcring iſ a griefe that commeth ſometimeſ by ill ſhooing, and ſomtimeſ natural— ly, when a korſe trotſ ſo narrow that he heweſ on leg vpon another, it appearethboth beforeand behbind, betweene the feete againſt the fet—lockeſ, and there iſ no remedy but ſhooing him with ſhooeſ made thin and flat on the outſide, and narrow and thicke with— in. Of the ſhakell gall. IF ahorſe be galled in the paſternſ , with ſhakell, locke paſterne, or halter, anoint theſore 4 place with a little Hony and Verdigreaſe boiled together, vntillit looke red which iſ a good ointment for all gallingſ on the witherſ and immediatly ſtrowvpon the ointment, beingfirſt laid vpon the leg, a little chopt flax or tow and that will ſtick faſt, continuing fo to do enery day once vntillit be whole. Of hurtſ in the legſ ,thit commeth by caſting in the halter or collar. T chanceth many timeſ; thata Horſſe having ſome itchvnderhiſ eareſ, iſ de— firouſ to ſeratch the ſame with hiſ hinder foote which whileſthe reacheth too '=' and fro , doth faſten in the coller or halter, wherewith themore that he ſtriveth EY the more he galleth hiſ Leggeſ, and many timeſ it chanceth for that he iſ ty ed ſolong,by meanſ wherof being laid, and the halter ſlack about hiſ feet,riſing perhapſ orturning he ſnarlethhimſelfeſo aſ heiſ not able to getvp,but hangeth cither by the neck or Leggeſ, vvhich ſometimeſ are galled euen to the hard bone.: i # Ruſſuiſ calleth ſuchkinde of galling Capiſtrazura, which he waſ wont to heale with thiſ oint— 1 | Ra 0 a Of the Horſſe. — . 411 ointment heere following, praiſing it to be excellent goodfor the cratcheſ, or any ſcab; bruiſe, or wound : take of oile Oliue one ounce, of Turpentine two or threeounceſ, melt them together oner the fire, and then put thereunto a little wax, and work them well togi— ther, and annoint the ſore place therwith. Martin ſaith it iſ good to annoint the ſore place withthewhite of an eggeandſallet—oile beaten together , and when it comimeth to a ſceab, annoint it with butter being molten, vntill it looke browne, Ofthe Cratcheſ or Ratſ taileſ, called of the Italianſ Crepaccie. !* "Hiſ iſ a kind of long ſcabby riftſ growing right vp and down in thehinder part, from the fewterlock vp to the Curb, and commethfor lacke of cleane keeping, and iſ caſily feene if you rake vp the horſeſ foot, and lift vp the haire. The cureaccording to Martin iſ thuſ. Take of Turpentine halfe a pound, of hony a pint, of hogſ—greaſe a quarterne, and 3, y olkſ of Egſ, and of bole Armony a quartern, beaten into fine powder, of bean flower halfe a pinte, mingle all theſe welltogether, and make a ſalue thereof,and with your finger annojot all the ſore placeſ, ſheading the haireaſ you'go, to theintent you may the eaſier ® find them ,and alſo to make the ſaliie enter into the ſkin, and let the horſe come in no wet, vntill he be whole. t | f 20 Ofthe Seratcheſ. SCratchcs will cauſe a horſe to halt ſore, and they come only by naughty keeping, and * they appeare in the paſternſ voder the Ferlockſ ,aſ if the Skin were cut ouerthwartzthat y4,47,44; a man may lay in a wheat—ſtraw : thecure iſ thuſ : bind vnto the (the haire being cut cleane | away) black Sope and Lime kned together., for three daicſ, then lay that by; and annoyne the place with butter, and heale the ſore with Boreſ greace and Tar mixt well together. Of the Ring—bone. $9 Hiſ iſ a hard griſle growing vpon the cronet, and ſometime goeth round about the cronet,and iſ called in Italian Soproſ/o. Lawrentinſ Ruſſiuſ ſaith, that it may grow in a— ny other place of the Leg, but then we cal itnot a Ring—bone, but a knot or knob.It com— meth at the firſt either by ſome blow of another Horſe, or by ſtriking hiſ owne footea— gainſtſome ſtub, or ſtone,or ſuch like caſualty. The paine whereof breederh a viſcouſ and | flimy bumer, which reſortingto the boneſ, that are of their owne nature colde anddry, ' waxethhard, cleaucth to ſome bone, and in proceſſe oftime becommeth a bone. The ſigneſ be theſe. /The Horſe will halt, and the hardſwelling iſ apparant to the cie, being higher then any place of the cronet. The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſt waſh it wellwith warme 49 water, and ſhane away allthe haire, ſo aſ the ſore place may be all diſconered. Then ſeari— fie it lightly with the point of a raſor, ſo aſ the bloude may yſſue forth. Then if the ſore be broad,take of Euforbium one ounce,ofCantharideſ halfe an ounce, broken into fine pow= det, and of Oyle de Bay one ounce, and if the ſore bee but little, the one halfe of thiſ may ſervue. Boile theſe thingſ together, ſtirring them continually leaſt ittunouer,and with two or three featherſ, lay it boiling hot vato the ſore, & let not the horſe ſtir from that place : for halfe an houre after , then carry him into the ſtable; both vſing and curing him for the ſpace of nine daieſ, inſuch order aſ hath been ſaid before inthe chaptrer of theſplent. But when the haire beginneth to grow again, then fire the ſore place withright lineſ from the 3 paſterne downeto the coffin of the hooue, and let the edge of the drawing iron be aſ thick 5"© aſ the backe of a meat knife, and burne him ſo deepeaſ the ſkinne may looke yellow: that done, coucr the burning with pitch and rozen molten together, and clap thereon flox of the Horſſeſ owne colour, or ſomewhat nightheſame, and about three daieſ after, lay a— i» gaine ſome of thelaſt mentioned plaiſter, or oyntment, and alſo new floxe vpon the olde, ardtherelet them remaine, votill they fall away of themſelueſ. er Nn ſ | 5 7 _ But \ 412 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Butifthcſering—boneſ, or knobſ , breede—in any other place, then in the cronet, you ſhal cure them; aſ iſ before faid, without firing them. Of the ctKing-bom*. HeRing boneiſ an il diſeaſe, and apeareth before on the foot aboue thehoofe.aſwell Markham. before aſ behind, and will be ſwolne 3. incheſ broad, and a quarter of an inchor more ofhcight, and the haire will ſtare and wax thin, and willmake a Horſe halt much, the cure iſ. Calt the Horſe, and with an iron made flat and thin, burne away that griſtle which an, nojeſ him, then take wax, Turpentine,Rozen, Tar,and hogſ—greaſe,of cach like quantity , 15 mingle them rogether plaiſter—wiſe, and with it cure the ſore : thiſ plaiſter wilalſo curea— ny other wound or vicer whatſocuer. : Of the Growne—ſeab. & THis iſakind offilthy and ſtinking ſcab,breeding round about the feetevpon the cro. pBlundevilſ I. netſ, and iſ an eluiſhiand painful diſeaſe, called in Iralian Czi/az#ſ. Itſeemeth to come by meaneſ thatthe Horſe hath bin bred in fome colde wet ſoile, ſtriking corrupt humorſ vp to hiſ feet,and therefore the horſe that hath thiſ griefe iſ worſe roubled in winter then in ſaummer. The ſignſ be theſe.The haire of the cronetſ wil be thin and ſtaring like briſtleſ, and the cronetſ wilbe alwaieſ mattering,and runon a water. The cureaccording to Mar— 9 tin iſ thuſ. Take offope, ofhogſ—greaſe, ofeach halfe a pound, of bole Armony a little,of Turpentineaquartern; and mingle them alltogether, and make a plaiſter and bind itfaſt . onrencwingit enery day once, vntill itleaue running, and then waſh it with ſtrong vine— ger being lukewarme enery day.once vntilithe fore becleane dryed vp, andlethim come in nowet, vntillit be whole. Of hurtſ vpon the cronet croſiing onefoot ouer another y which the Italinwſ call Suprapoſte. Art.ſaith waſh it wel with white wine,or witha little ſtale,& then lay vnto it the white 30 .Y Lof an Eggomingled with a little chimny ſoot and ſalt.and that will dry it vp in three or foure daieſ, if it be renewed cuery day once. 11 Of the quitterbone. Hiſ iſ a hard round ſwelling vpon the ctonet, betwixt the heele and the quarter, and groweth moſt commonly on the inſfide of the foor, and iſ commonly called of the Iralianſ Sexwla, or Seta. It commeth by meaneſ of grauell gathered vnderneaththe ſhooe, which frerteth the heele , or elſe by the cloying or pricking offſome naile euelldry— nen, the anguiſh whereoflooſcne:h the griſtle, and to breedeth euillhumorſ, wherof the 4 quitterbone ſpringeth, The ſigneſ betheſe. The horſe will halt, and the ſwelling iſ appa— rant to the eie, which in foure or fiue daieſ comming to a head, wil breake out with mat— ter ata little decp hole like a Fiſtula. The cureacording to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſburnabout the quitterbone with a hot iron,in manner of halfe acircle, and then with the ſame yrom draw another right ſtrikethroughthe midſt thereof. Then take of Arſenicke the quantity of a Bean beaten into fine powder, and put it into the hole, thruſting it downe to the bot— tom with a quil, and ſtop themouth of thehole with a littletowe, and bind it ſo faſt witha cloth, and cord, aſ the Horſe may not cone at it with hiſ mouth, and ſo let it reſtfor that day. And the next day , if youſee thatthe ſore lookethblacke within , then it iſ aſigne that the Arſenicke hath wrought welland done hiſ part. Then to allay the burniog thereof, taint the hole with flax dipt in hogſ greaſe, andtur— pentine, moſten and mingled together, and coucr the taint witha bolſter of tow dipt alſo in the ointment aforeſaid , continuing ſo to do euery day once, vntil you haue gotten out the core. Then ſhall you ſee whether the looſe griſtle in the bottom be vncoucred ornot, andif itbe vncouered, then feele with yourfinger, or with a quil, whether you benigh it Of SO Of the Horſſe. V 413 2 or not. And if you be, then raiſe the griſtle with a litle crooked inſtrument, & pul it clean out with a paire of ſmallnipperſ, meete for the purpoſe. That done, taintit againe witha fulltaint dipt it the aforeſaid ointment, to aſſwage the anguiſh of the laſt dreſſing,and ſtop it hard, to the intent that the hole may not ſhrinke together or cloſe vp, and the next day take out that taint, and taint it anew with the ſalue or ointment taught in the chap. of the ſhakell gallvenewingit euery day once vntilit be whole keeping alwaieſ the mouthof the ſoreaſopen aſ you may, to the intent that it healenot vppe to o faſt, and let not the horſe in any wet, nor trauell, vntill he be perfectly whole. 10 . Ofthe Quitter—bone. Vitter—bone iſ a round hard ſwelling vponthe cronet of the hoofe,betwixt the hoofe and the quarter, and for the moſt part, groweth on the inſide of the foor : the origy— 144 44. nalleffect therof iſ the fretting of grauell vnderneath the ſhooc, whichbruiſeththe heele, or elſe by meaneſ of ſome ſtub, or the pricking offomenaile, through the paine whereof the griſſell iſ looſened, breeding cuill humorſ, which beindecde the ground of the Quit— ter—bone: it iſ to beknown by the horſſeſ halting, and by the apparant ſwelling to the eie of that part, which in 3. or 4. daieſ will grow vnto a head and breake, euacuating great a— boundance of filthy matter at a little hole, the cure iſ thuſ. Take a hot yron, made in faſhi— on of aknife, and with it burne out the fleſh, in compaſſe of a Moone till you come to feele the griſſell, then burne it out too : then take Vardigreaſe, freſh Butter, and Tar mol— tentogether, and dippe fine Tow therein, ſtop vp the hole,then lay thereon a Sear—cloth ofDeere—ſewet and wax,and {olet him reſt for the firſt day : thenext day , take of Melroſa— rum, oyleofroſeſ, wax , and Turpentine,of each like quantity, infuſe them al on the fire together, and with the ſalue drefſe the ſore morning and cuening , tillit be whole. But if. you find any proud fleſhto grow, then forget not to lay thereon ſomered lead, or Vardi—. greaſe : and withall, haue an eſpeciallregard, that the vpper part of the wound, hcalenot faſter then the bottom, for feare of fiſtulating. 3 Ofthe Granelling. Hiſ iſ a fretting vader the foor, moſt commonly in the infide,and ſometime in the Bluwdevile outſide, and fometime in both ſideſ together ofthe heele. It commeth by meaneſ offlittle grauell ſtoneſ getting betwixt the hooue, or calking,or ſpunge of the ſhooc, which by continualllabor and treading of the Horſe, doth eat into the quicke, and the ra— ther, ifhiſ heele be ſoft and weake, or that the ſhooe doe lye flat to hiſ foot, ſo aſ the gra— uellbeing once gotten in, cannot get out. The ſigneſ betbeſſ. The horſe willhalt, and co— uet to tread all vppon the toe, to fatiour hiſ hecle. The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ.: Firſtpare the hooue, and get out the gravel with a cornet,or drawer, leauing none behind for if you doe, it will breede to a quitterbone. That done, ſtop him with Turpentine and 2 hopſ—greaſemolten together, and layd on with a Towe or flax, and then clap on the ſhooe to keepe in the ſtopping, renewing it euery day once vntill it bee whole, And ſuffer the horſe to come in no wet, vntill he be throughly whole. If a grauelling be not well ſtopt to keepe downethe fleſh, ir will riſe higher then the hooue, and not onely require more bu— ſineſſe in bolſtering it, but alſo put the horſe to more paine. — — Ofgranelling. . Markham. ctGRavclIing iſ a burt will make a horſe to halt, and commeth of grauell and little ſtoneſ, thatgoeth betweene the ſhooe' andthe hearte of the foote, the cure iſ : rake off the ſhooe, andlet him bewell pared, thenſet on the ſhooe againe, and ſtop it with Pitch, Ro— go zen, and Tallow, and thiſ ſhallhelp: T d F qof Surbating. C EHC — Hiſiſ a beating of the Hooucagainſt the ground, called of the Italianſ Spbarigara, it .4 commethſomtime by meanſ of cuill ſhooing, lying too flat to hiſ foote, or by going Covicd Nn 3 long bare— 414 Blundevile T he Hiſtorie of Fourc—footed Beaſia. barefoote, and ſometime by the hardneſſe of the grounde, and high lifting of the Horſe, Andthoſe Horſſeſ that bee flatſooted, the coffinſ whereofare tender and weake, are moſt commontly ſubie&to thiſ forance. The ſigneſ be theſe : the Horſe will halt on both hiſ forelegſ, and goe ſtifely and creeping, aſ thoughhe were halfe foundered. The cure, according to Martin iſ thuſ : take off hiſ ſhooeſ, pare him aſ litte aſ may bee, and ifthe ſhooeſ be not eaſie, that iſ toſay, long, large, and hollow inough, then make them ſo, and then racke them on againe with foure or fiuve Naileſ. That done, ſtop hiſ feete with braune, and Hogſ—greace boyled together, ſo hor aſ may be,andalſo coucr all the coffig round about with the ſame, binding all in together with a cloath, and a liſt faſtebedabout 10 theioynt, renewing it enuery day once, vntill itbee whole, and give the Horſſe during that while warme water, and let hirm ſtand dry and warme, and not be trauelled,vntil he be whole. 2 Of a pricke in the /ile of the foote , by treading on a naile, or any other ſharpe thing that dothenter into the foote. He ſigneſ be theſe. If a man be on hiſ backe when he treadeth on any ſuch thing, he ſhallfeele that the Horſſe will lift vp hiſ foot, and conetto ſtand ſtillto haue helpe. And if it chaunce at any other time, the halting of the Horſe; and the hurtitſelfe willſhew. (The cure according to Martin iſ thuſ. Pull off the ſhooe; and pare thefoote, ,, and with a drawer vncouer the hole, making the mouth ſobroade aſ a two penny peece, then tacke on the ſhoocagaine, That done,ſtop it, by powring into the hole Turpentine and Hogſ—greacemolten rogether, and lay ſome flaxe, or Towe vpon it, and then ſtop allthe Horſſeſ foote with Horſe—dung, or rather with Cow—dung, if you can getit, and ſplent it either with ſtickeſ, or elſe with an old ſhooe ſole, ſo aſ the ſtopping may abide in, renewing it euery day once vntill it be whole, and letthe Horſlecome in no wet: If thiſ be not well cured, or looked to in'time it millcauſe the hoone to breake aboue, and to laoſen round about, and perhapſ to fall cleane away. But if you ſee that it beginſ to break aboue, then make a greater yſſue beneath by opening the hole wider, and taking more of the ſole away ,that the fleſh may hane the more liberty. 'Thentake ofbole Armony halfe a quar— 30 we _ tefne, Beane—flower, and two Eggeſ. Beate them, and mingle them well together , and Markham. make a plaiſter thereof vpon Towe, and lay it round about the cronet; bind it faſt on, and ſo letit remaine the ſpace of two daieſ, and then renew itagaine,notfailing ſo to do euery two daieſ vntill you ſeeit waxe hard and firmeaboue.: For thiſ plaiſter being reſtriCive, willforce the humorſ to refortall d owneward, which muſtbe drawne out with Turpentin and Hogſ greace aſ before, vntill it leaute matrering, andthen dryit vp with burnt Alum, beatento powder, and ſtrowed vpon it, with a little Elaxe lLaidagaine vpon that, continu— ing ſoto doenery day once, vatilit be hardened, andletnottheHorſe come in any wet, vatil he bewhole. 3 3 : ' Offaceloyd or prickt: } i 40 *A Coeloydiſ a hure that commethvofſhooing; when a Smith driveth a Naile in the 1 N quicke, which will make him tohalt, and the cureiſ, to takeoft the ſhoo,and'to cut the hooſfe awayſ tolay the ſore bare :then layto it wax, Turpentine, and Deere—dewet which wil heale it. ier olle 3if daiſfioort re O_fzfch Figge. — IF a Horſehauing receined any hurt, aſ before iſ ſaid by nail; bone;ſplent, or ſtone; or otherwiſein the ſole of hiſ foot, and not be. well drefled and perfeGly cured,chere will grow in that place a certaine ſuperfluouſ piece of feſh; like a Figge: and it willhauedittle 5% grainſ in it like a fig.,and therefore iſ rightly called of the.Italianſ /» fice,that iſ tolay a Ag— The cure whereofaccording to Martin iſ thuſ . Cutte it cleane away with a hot iron, and keepethe fleſh downe with Turpentine;hogſ greace, and a little wax laid on with Towe or flax,and ſtop the hole hard;that the fleſh riſe not; renewing it onceaulay, otil it be wh'olgct. ; vVenmoD|! Eo wdorindſ chommoſ ſ I 0 zſia andto ſtop the hole with Turpentine, Waxe, and Sheepeſ ſewet moulten together, and 30 40 Of the Horſſe. Of a Retreat. Hiſ iſ the pricking of a naile, not wel driven in the ſhooing, and therefore pulled out againe by the Smith, and iſ calledof the ItalianſyTrafra weſfſ. The cauſe of the pricking may be partly ;the raſh driving of tbhe Smith,and F| partly the weakeneſ of the naile,or the hollowneſ of the naile intheſhank. For if it be too weake, the point many timeſ bendethawry'into the quicke when it ſhould go right forch: It ſlattethand ſhivereth in the driving into two partſ, wher— of one part raceth the quickin pulling out,or elſe perhapſ breaketh cleaneaſſunder,and ſo remaineth ſtil behind, and thiſ kinde of pricking iſ worſe than the cloyeng becauſe it wilranckle worſe, by reaſon of the flaw of yron remaining in thefleſh. Theſigneſ bee theſe.Ifſthe Smith thatdriveth ſuch a naile be ſo lewd, aſ he wilnotlookevnto it before the horſe depart, then there iſ no way to know it, but by the halting ofthe horſe, and ſer— ching the hoouefirſt with a hammer by knocking vpomevery clinging. For when you knock vpon that naile, where the greefe iſ. The hor{e wil ſhrinke vp hiſ foote. And if that wilnot ſeru, then pinch or gripethe hooue with a paire ofpinſonſ roundaboutvntil you hauefound the placegreeued. The cureaccording, to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſtpuloff the ſhooe, andthen opentheplace greeued with a butter or drawer, ſo aſ you may perceine — by feeling or ſeeing, whether there be any peece of naile or not, ifthere be, to pul it out, ſo poured hot into the hole, and then lay a little Towe vppon it, and clap on the ſhooca— gaine,renewing it thuſ euery day, vatil it be whole, during which time , let not the horſe come in any wet, and it muſt be ſo ſtopped,though it be but pricktwithoutany peece of naile remaining. And if for lack of loking to it intime,thiſ retreat cauſe the honeto break aboue, then cure it with the plaiſter. reſtrictivue in ſuch order aſ iſ mentioned in the laſte placeſauing onc before thiſ, Of Cloying. Loying iſ the pricking of a whole naile called ofthe Italianſ Znch/odatyr@, paſſinge (|__ through the quicke, and remaining ſtilin the ſame, and iſ clenched aſ other naileſ be, and ſo cauſeth the horſe to halt, The greened place iſ knowne,by ſearching with the hammer and pinſonſ, aſ iſ before ſaid ; If the horſe haltimmediately , then pul off hiſ thooe, and open the hole, vntil it begin to bleed, aud ſtop it with the ointment aforeſaid, in the ſame page of the Retreat,and clap on the ſhooe againe, and the hooue may beſo good, and the harme ſo little, aſ you may tranel him immediately vppon it : but if it bee raſſ ckled, then renew the ſtopping euery day once, let him._come in no wet , vntil it bee whole. — & re } Of looſening the hooue. =31 Hiſ iſ a parting of the hooue from the cronet, called of the Italianſ, Di/" 3 *'_ /olatura del vnghia, whichifit be round about, it commethby meaneſ of 2| foundering , if in patt, then by the anguiſh cauſed by the pricking ofthe \'Þ; $\l canelnaile, piercing the ſole of the foot , or by ſome quitterbone, Retreat; AG Þi'*":—.. B\ Gravelling, or Cloying, or ſuchilike thing : The ſigneſ be theſe. Wherlit iſ looſened by foundering, then'it will breake firſtin the fore—part ofthe Cronet, right a— againſtthe toeſ, becauſethe humor—doth couct alwaieſ to deſcend towardſ the toe. A= gaine when the pricking of a canelnaileor ſuchlike cankeredthing iſ the cauſe, then the hodirewillooſen round about, equally enen at thefirſt. Butwhen it proceedeth ofany of & 0 I a — ; . . + the other hurtſ laſtmentioned ithen the: hoouewilbreakeright abouc the place that iſ offended, and moſt commonly wil proceed nofurther. The cure, according to Martin, iſ thuſ Firſt, of which ſoener of theſe canſeſ itproceedſ, beſure to open thehoofe in th_c ſole of the foot; ſo aſthe humor may have free paſſage downeward, aud then reſtraine® aboue with the plaiſter reſtriS%iue before mentioned , and in ſuch order aſ—iſ there writ— ten 45 4—16 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. , ten, and alſo heale vp the wound, aſ iſ before taught in the chap. of a pricke in the ſole of the fgot. . Of caſting the hoowe. Hiſiſ when the coffin falleth clean away from the foor, which commeth byſuch cau. ſeſ aſ were laſtrehearſed , and iſ fo aparant to the eie,, aſ it needeth no ſigneſ to know it! The cureyaccording to Martin iſ thuſ. Take of Turpentine one pound, of Tarre halfe a pinte, of vawrought Waxhalfea pinte. Boile all theſe thingeſ together,and ſtirre them continually vntilthey bethroughly mingled, and compac together. Then make a boote ofleather witba good ſtrong ſole meete for the horſeſ feet,to be laced or buckled about the paſterne, and dreſſe hiſ foot with theſalue aforeſiid laid vpon flaxe or Tow, and bol— ſter or ſtuffe—hiſ foot with ſoft fhixe, ſo aſ the boot may greeuchim o manner of waye, renewing it enery day once vnitillit be whole, and then put him to grafſe. iſ 9 Of the hooue bound. Hiſ iſ a ſhrinking of all the whole hooue.It commeth by drought, for the CxS)| hoouſ perhapſ are kept to dry, whenthe horſe ſtandeth in the ſtable, and i fometime by meaneſ of heate, or of ouerſtraight ſhooing. The Italianſ <\| call the hotſe thuſ greened Zwcaſfellado. Theſigneſ be theſe, Thehorſe » |ES? $\\ wil haillr, and the hooueſ will be hotte, and if you knocke on them witha hammer,they wilſound hollow like an empty bottle, and if both thefeet be not hooue— bound, the ſore foot willbeleſſer than the other indeed, and appeareſo to the eic. The ture according to Martin iſ thuſ. Pull off the ſhooeſ, and ſhooc him with halfe moone— ſhooeſ called Zymetre, the order and ſhape wherof you ſhall find among the Ferrerſ,end raſeboththequarterſ of the hooue with a drawer, from the'coronet vnto the ſole of the foot, ſo deepe aſ youſhall ſee the dew it ſelfe come forth. And if youmake two raſeſ on eachſide, it ſhallbe ſo much the better, and inlarge the hooue the more. That done,an— noint all the hooue about, next vnto the coronet rotnd about, with the ointment preſ— cribed before in the chapter of caſting the hooue continuing fo.to do enuery day oncevn 36 tithe begin to amend for the ſpace of a moneth, and if he goeth not well at the monthſ &nde, then take off the halfe ſhooeſ and pare allthe ſoleſ, and fruſheſ, and all ſo thinne aſ you may ſee the deaw come forth, and tacke on a whole ſhoo, and ſtop al the foot with— in with hogſ greace and bran bdoiled together, and laide hot to the foor , renewing it dai— By once the ſpace of nine daieſ, to the intent the ſole may riſe. But if thiſ will do no good then take away the ſole cleane and clap on a whole ſhoce,and ſtop the foot with nettleſ and ſalt brayed together, renewing it oncce a day but not ouer hard,to the intent the ſole may hauE_ libertyto riſe, and being growne againe, let himbe ſhod with the lunetſ, and ſent to graſle. 2 aſ © o ® 35 Of the running Fruſb. "2» HeEruſh iſ the tendereſt part of the hooug towardeſ the hecle, cal— 3 jed of the Italianſ F#tone, and becauſe it iſ faſhioned like a forked head, the French menical it raycherre, which word our Ferrerſ, ci— &/ therfornot knowing righrly how to pronounce it, or elſe perhapſ pm\ PFren for eaſineſſc ſake of pronuntiation,,do make it a monaſillable,& pro 56 Tre> e 9 .» nounce it the Fruſh, in which Fruſh breedeth many timeſ a roten— cf t tt neſſe orcorruption proceeding of humoutſ that commeth out of .q vVvdN 0 _—I0N: the legee, wherebythelegge iſ kepr cleane fromthe windgalſ and all other bumoutſ and ſwellingſ by meaneſ that the humorſ hane paſſage that way. Not— witbſtanding the diſcommodity of the ſorancce iſ greater than the commodity , becauſe it makeththe horſeſ feet ſo weak and tender,zaſ he iſ not able to tred vpon any hard ground The ſigneſ betheſe. "4 The Ofthe Hirſa Seod© 417 Thehorſe wil haukt; and ſpecially when the paſſage of the humour iſ ſtopt with anye grauelgathered in the Fruſh, and not being ſtopt it wil continually runne, the ſauour whereof wil beeſo ſtrong aſ a man iſ notable to abide it, andinfome placeſ it wil looke — raw. The cureaccording to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſttake off the ſhooe and pare away allthe corrupt placeſ and make them raw, ſo aſ you may ſce the water yſſue out of the raw pla— ceſ, then tack on the ſhooc againe, being firſt made wide and large inough. That done, take of foore one handfull, of ſalte aſ much, bruſe them welltogither in a diſh, and putte thereunto the white of threeEggeſ, and temper them togither, and with alittle Towe '* dipe therein, ſtop all the footeand eſpecially theFruſh, and ſplent iſ ſo aſ itmay not fall 10 out, renewing it once a day the ſpace of ſevien daieſ, and then he willbee whole. During which timelet the horſe reſt, and come in no wet, at the ſeauen daieſ end leane ſtopping hin, and ride bim abroad, and alwaieſ when he commeth in, let hiſ ſore footebe cleane wathed, that no gravellremaine therein, without doing any more vntohim. Ofthe Fruſb.. HeFruſh iſtherendreſt part of the ſole ofthe foot, which by humorſ diſtilling ma> y timeſ downe from the leggeſ, occaſton inflamationſinthat part, which may ea— — dily be perceined by the impoſtumation of the ſame : the cure iſ, firſt having taken 20 Off the ſhooe, pareawayallthe corruptedand naughty matter, vntil theſore looke rawe, then naile on a hollow ſhooe madefor the ſame purpoſe, andtake of ſoote a handeful, of theinyce of Houſe—licke and of Creame with the white of an Egge or two, aſ muchaſ wilthickentheſame :with thiſ ſtop vp the ſore, and ſplint it , ſo aſ it may not falout, re— newing it vntilit be whole : bueduring the cure, haue regard that the ſorefoot touch not any wet, for that iſ very much hurtfull. i Markham. Of diſeaſeſ or griefeſ indifferently incident to any part of the body, . —.+. but firſt of the Leproſicor vniner/allman— < / { gineſſe,called of the old writerſ 30 Elephantia,|: . . 15 i» Hiſ iſ a cankered mangineſſe, ſpreading ouer allthe body, which commeth of a — bundance of melancholy, corrupt and filthy blood. The ſigneſ betheſe, Thehorſe will be al maungy and ſcuruy, ſul of ſcabſ, and rawe plotſ about the necke, ande— uilfauouredto lookeon, and alwayeſ rubbing and ſcratching, The cureaccording to Martin iſ thuſ.Lethim blood thefirſt day in the one ſide of the necke, and within 2. daieſ after that, in the flanke vaineſ, and Jaſt of all, in the vaine vader thetaile. Thenwaſh all the .— ſore placeſ withſaltbrine, and rubbing them hard with a wiſpe of ſtrawehard twiſted, ſo: aſ they may bleed well, and be allraw. That doue, annoint the place with thiſ ointment : take of Quicke—{iluer one ounce, of Hoggeſ—greace one pound,of Brimſtonebeaten into. powder a quarterne, of Rape oyle a pinte. Mingle theſe thingeſ well together , vatill the 4 Quicke—ſiluer be throughly incorporated with the reſt, and hauing annointed allthe raw placeſ with thiſ ointment, make'it to ſinke into.the fleſh, by holding andweauing vp and downeoucrit, a hot broad barre of yron, and then touch himno more againe, the ſpace of two orthree daieſ,'during which time. if you ſee that he rmbbeth ſtillin any place,ther xub that place againe with an old horſe—combe ,to make itraw, and annooint it with freſh ointment.But ifallthiſ will not—helpe, then with a hot yronand bluntatthe point, ſo big aſ amanſlittlefinger, burneallthe mangy placeſ, making round holeſ, paſſing only thoſ rough the ſkin ad nofurther.. For which intent it' ſhall be needefull to pull— the ſkinne firſt from the fleſh, with your left hand , holding it ſtill vatil you haue thruſtthe hot yron thoroughit, andlet euery hole bee a ſpanne off one fromanother, and if neede be, you may annoint thoſe holeſ withadlitte ſope, andlet the horſe bethinne dieted, during hiſ SSEHEIAgtimbobooi ondſ noliog orlſ! | | 5 | wiino — | Of the Farcin,calledin—Atalian of ſome, I verme,and of (ome Farcina. THis iſ a kind of erceping vicer growing in knotſ, following along ſome veine, and it # procecdethof corrupt blood ingendred in the body,orelſe of ſome outward hurr,zsf o 418 Markham. The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. of! ſpurgalling,or the biting of ſome other horſe; or of biting of tickſ, or of hogſ'lice, or ſuch like cauſualtieſ : Or ifit be in the leggeſ, itmay come by interferring . It iſ eaſilye knowne, partly by the former deſcription, and alſo it iſ apparant to the cie . Thecure, ac. cording to Martin isithus-Lct him bloud in that vaine where it commeth, aſ nigh the ſore placeaſ may be, and let him bleed well, then fire euery knot one byr one, taking the knot in your left hand, and pulling itſo hard aſ you can from hiſ body to the intent you maye the better pierce theknot, with a blunt hot yron, of the bigneſſe of a manſ fore—finger, without doing the body any hurt, & let out the mater,leauing none vaburnd,be it little or much. Thatdone, annoint enery knotſoburned with Hoggeſ—greace warmed euery day once, vntili the coareſ be ready to fallaway, and in the meane timeprepare a good quan . tity of old Vrine, and when you ſee the coareſ ready to fal, boile the vrine, and putthere. in a little Coporaſ andſalt, and a few ſtrong nettleſ, and with that water being warm, waſh out all the coareſ andthe corruption. That done., fill euery hole immediately with the powder offlectlime, continuing thuſ to do enuery day once, vntill the holeſ be cloſed vp, and if any be more ranker than other, fillthoſe with Verdigreaſe, and during thiſ cure, let thehorſe be thinly dieted, that iſ to ay with ſtraw and water onely , vnleſſe it be nowe and then to gine him a loafe of breadc. Forthelower he be kept, the ſooner he willbe whole, And in any wiſelet hiſ neckebe yo.— ked in an olde bottomeleſſe paile, or elſewithſhort ſtaueſ to keepe him from licking the ſoreſ, and the leſſereſt he hath the betrer.Or dothuſ. Take a good great Dock—rootclean ſcraped, and cuttethereoffiuelittle rundelſ or cakeſ to bevſed aſ followeth. Firſtwith a knife make a ſlit right down in thehorſeſ forhed three incheſ longe, then with a Cornet Tooſenthe Skinne within the fleſh, ſoaſ you may eaſily put therein fiue rundelſ of Docke, that iſ to ſay, two on each ſide of the ſlitoneabone another, and put the fift rundlein the very midſtbetwixt the other foure : that done, faſtento each of theſlitſ two ſhort ſhoo— makerſ endſ, to ſerue aſ laceſ to tie in the foreſaide rundleſ, ſo aſ they may not fall out, and clenſe the ſore enery day once, for the vertue ofthe root iſ ſuch, aſ it will draw al the filthy matter from any part of the body : yea, though the Far cin be in the hinder Leggeſ, which matter iſ to be wiped away from time totime, and new rooteſ to be thruſt into the theflit according aſ you ſee it needefull. Of the Farcion. He Farcion iſ a vilde diſeaſe, ingendred of ill bloud, flegmaticke matter, and vn— kindly feeding, itappeareth in a horſe like vato littleknotrteſ in' the fleſh, aſbiggeaſ a HaſellNutte, the knorteſ will encreaſe daily and inflame , impoſtume, and breake and when theknotſ amount to threeſcore, they wileuery night after breed ſo many more tillthey haue ouer—rimnie the horſeſ bodye, and with the poiſon, which iſ mighty and alſo ſtrong, ſoone bring gim 'to hiſ death : Thiſ diſeaſe iſ very infectiouſ and dangetouſ ſorſome horſeſ, yet if it betaken in any time it iſ eaſie to be holpen : the cure thereof iſ in thiſ manner. Take a ſharpe Bodkin and thruſt it through the neather part of hiſ noſe, that hemay blecde vor if you will to let him bloude in the necke—vaine ſhall notbe amiſſe :then feele the knotſ, and aſ many aſ are ſoft launce themandlet them runne, then takeſtrong Lye, Lime, and— Allum , and with the ſame bath allhiſ ſoreſ ,and it ſhall in ſhort ſpace cure him. There iſ alfo another manner of curing thiſ diſeaſe,and that iſthuſ : Take a ſharpe Taunce—knife, and in the top ofthe horſeſ forchead, iuſt betweene hiſ cieſ,make a long {lit euen to the ſcull ; then with a blunt inſtrument for the purpoſeloſe the fleſh from theſcalp apretty compaſſe : then take Carret—rooteſ cut into littlethinne round pieceſ, and putte them betweenethe ſkinneand the ſcull, aſ many aſ you can, then cloſevp thewound, an oncea daieannointit with freſh Burter : Thiſ iſ a moſtſureand approued way to cure the Farcion,for looke how thiſ wound thuſ made, ſhallrot, waſte, and grow ſound; ſo ſhall the Farcion breake, drie vp, and be healed, becauſe all the poiſon that feedeth the diſeaſe ſhallbealtogether drawne intothe fore—head, where it ſhall die and waſte away.The onely fault of thiſ cure iſ, it willbe ſomwhat long,and it iſ a foule cie—ſore vntil it bewhole.Some vſeto burne thiſ ſorance, but that iſ naughtand dangerouſ, aſ who ſo proueſ it ſhal find. © < /k we & 40 a 3 Of the Horſſe. & 419 A moſt approned medicine to cure the Farcion. *T— Abc of Agra—vite two ſpoonfulſ, of the inyce of hearbe of grace aſ much, mingle Maykthamſ. — them together, then take of plegantſ or Balſ of Flax or Toc and ſteepethem there— in, and ſtop them hard into the Horſeſeareſ, then take a needle .and athread, and ſtitch the tipſ of hiſ two eareſ together, by meaneſ whereofhe cannot ſhake out the me dicine, and vſehim thuſ but three ſeuerall morningſ, and it will killany Farcion whatſo— euer, for it hath bin often approued. | . 10 __ Another medicine of the ſame. Lit enery hard kernell with a ſharpeknife, andfillthchole with andintment made of old Lard, Sope, and gray Salt, for that will cat out the ceare, and cauſeit to rot, and ſo falloutof the oneaccord. —" Of the Ganker ,called of the Italian Il Canero. Canker iſ a filthy creeping vicer, fretting and gnawing the fleſh in gret breadth.In the beginning it iſ knotty, muchlikea Farcine, and ſprea— Blupdevile deth it ſelfe into diverſ placeſ, and being exulcerated, gathereth togi— ther inlengthinto a wound or ſore. Thiſ proceedeth of a melancholy and filthy blood ingendered in the body, which if itbe mixt with Salt \ humorſ, it canſeth the more painefoll and greevouſ exulceration,and ſometimeit commeth of ſome filthy wound that iſ not cleanly kept, the corrupt matter whereofcankereth other clean partſ ofthebody.Itiſ eaſie to be knowne by the deſcrip— tion before. The cure whereof, according to Martin iſ thuſ. Frſt let him blood in thoſe vaineſ that be next the ſore, and take inough of him. Then take of Alum halfea pound of greene Coporaſ and of white Coporaſ of each one quarterne, and a good handfull of Salt : boile all theſe thingſ togither in faire running water,from a pottle to a quart. And thiſ water being warme, waſh theſorewith a cloath, and then ſprinkle thereon the pow— der of vnſlecked lime, continuing ſo to do enery day once the ſpace of fifteen daieſ: and if you fee that thelime do not mortifie the ranke fleſh, and keepe it from ſpreading any fur— ther then take of blacke Sope halfe a pounde, of Quicke—ſiluer halfean ounce, and beate them together in a pot, vntill the Quicke—ſiluer be ſo wel!l mingled with the Sope, aſ you can perceine none of the Quicke—ſiluer in it. And with an yronſlice, atter that you hane waſhed the fore with the ſtronge water aforeſaide, couer the wound with thiſ ointment, continuing thuſ to do every day once, vntill the Canker leaue ſpreading Jabroad. And if it leane ſpreading , and that you ſee the ranke fleſh iſ mortified, and that the edgeſ begin, to gather a Skin, then after the waſhing, dreſſe it with the lime aſ before, continuiug ſoto vn:ilit be whole. And in the dreſſing , ſuffer no filth that commeth out of the ſore, to re— maine vppon any whole place about, but wipe it cleane away ," or elſe waſh itaway with warme water.And let the horſe during thiſ cure, be aſ thinly dieted aſ may be, and tho— roughly exerciſed. fen3 i 0 3 40 Of thc Fiſfulſ called of the Italianſ Fitula. . % Fiſtula iſ a deepe hollowe crooking vicer, and for the moſt partſpringeſ of maligne humorſ, ingendered in fome wound,ſore,or canker;,not throughly healed.It iſ ea— " ſie to know by the deſcription before. The cute according to Martin iſ thuſ. Firſte, , ſearch the depth ofit with a quill, or with ſome other inſtrument of lead, that may be bo.. wed enlery wayymeet for the purpoſe. For vnleſſe you find the bottome of it, it wil be very hard to cure "And hauing found the bottome. if it be in ſuch a place aſ you may boldely: cutand make the wayopen with a launcet or raſor , then make a ſlit right againſtthe bor— tome; ſo aſ you may thruſte in your finger, to feele whether there be any bone or griſtle periſhed, or ſpungy' or looſe fleſh,which muſt be gotten out ,and then raint icwith a tai(z:z T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. of flaxe dipt in thiſ ointment. Take of hony a quarterne, and of Verdigreaſe one ounce beaten into powder. Boilethem together, vaotill itlooke redde, ſtirring it continually, leaſt it runne oner, and being luke warme, dreſſe the taint wherewith, and bolſter the taint with a bolſter of flax. And if it be in ſuch a place, aſ the taint cannor conueniently bekepr in with a band, then faſten on each ſide of the hole, two endſ of Shoomakerſ thread right oner the bolſter tokeepe in the taint, which endſ may hang there aſ two laceſ , to tye and vntiear your pleaſure, renewing the raint enery day once vntill the ſoreleaue mattering, And then make the taint euery day leſſer and leſſer, vntill it be whole. And cloſeit vp in the end, by ſprinckling thereon a litrle ſled lime. But if the Elſtula be in ſuch'a placeaſ a man can neither cut right againſt the bottome, or nigh tþc ſame : thpn th.ercls no reme— dy, butto poure infomeſtrong water, through ſome quill, or ſuch l_1kc thmg,ſo aſ it may goe to the very bottome,and dry vp allthe filthy matter, dreſſing him o twice a day,vn. till the horſe be whole. Ofan Aubury. THis iſ a great ſpungy Wart full of blood, called of the Italianſ, Morſ, or Selfo, which may grow inany place of the body,and it hath a root like a Cockſ ſtone. The cure,ac— cording to Martin iſ thuſ.Tic itwith a thred, ſo hard aſ you can pull it, the thred will eate by little and little in ſuch ſort, aſ within ſeanen or eight daieſ, it will fall away by it ſelfe. And ifit be ſo flat aſ you can binde nothing about it, then take it away with a ſharpe hotte yrop, curting it round about, and fo deepe aſ you may leaue none of theroot behind, and dry it with Verdigreace. R#ſ//aſ ſaith, that if it grow in a place full of ſinneweſ, ſo aſ it can— not beconueniently cut away with a hot yron , then it iſ goodto eat out the core with the powder of Re/algar , and then to ſtop the hole with flax dipt in the white of an Egge for a day or two, and laſtly, to dric it vp with the powder of vnſlectlime and hony , aſ before iſ tanght. OfWoundſ., Otundſcommeth by meaneſ of ſome ſtripe or pricke, and they are properly \/ called woundſ, when ſome whole part iſ cut or broken. For a wound accor— ding to the Phiſitianſ, iſ defined to be a ſolution diuiſion,or parting, ofthe whole ; For if there be no ſolution or parting, then methinkeſ it ought rather to be cal— led a bruſe then a wound. And therfore woundſ are moſt commonly made with ſharpe or piercing weaponſ, and bruſeſ with blunt weaponſ.Notwithſtanding,if by ſuch blunt wea— ponſ, anie part of the whole be euidently broken,then it ought to be called a wound aſ wel aſ the other : Of woundſ ſome be ſhallow, and ſome be deepe and hollow : Againe,ſome tchance in the fleſhy parteſ, and ſome in the borye and ſinnewic placeſ: And thoſe that chaunce in the fleſhy partſ, though they be verie deepe, yet they be not ſo dangerounſaſ the other, and therefore we will ſpeak firſtof the moſt dangerouſ : If a horſe haue a wound a 0 newly made, either in hiſ heade, or in any other place that iſ full of ſinneweſ, boneſ, or 40 griſtleſ : firſt Martin would haue you to waſh the wounde wellwith white wine warmed: Thatdone to ſearch the bottome of the wound with ſome inſtrument meete for the pur— ofe, ſuffering it to take aſ litcle winde in the meane while aſ may be. Then having found the depth, ſtop the hole cloſe with a clout, vatill your ſalue berea— die : Then take of Turpentine of Mel Roſatuw;; of Cile of Roſeſ, of each a quarterne, and a little vawrought Waxe, and melt them together, and if it be a cut, make a handſome rol of cleanepicked Towe, ſolong and ſo bigg caſ may fillthe bottome of the wound, which for the moſt partiſ not ſo wideaaſ the mouthrof the wound; then make, another role gre2— terthan that to fill vp the reſt of the wounde; enen to the harde mouth, and let both theſe rolleſ be annointed with the oinrment aforeſaid Luke—warm.But if the hurt be like a hole 5@ made withſornme pricke, then make a ſtifferaint,ſuchaoneaſ may reachthe bottome; ad— nointed with the aforeſaid ointment, and bolſter theſame with alittle Towe: And if the mouth be not wide inough, ſo aſ the matter may eaſily runne forth, if it be in ſuchplace you may.do it without hurting avie ſinnew, then give it a pretieſlit from themouth dowſ ward, that the matter may haue the freer paſſage; and in anic wiſe hane a ſpeciall rcgaſgcz that Of the Horſſe. : < Ligot that the taiot may be continually kept in by one meaneſ or other, aſ by binding or ſtaying © the ſeme with the endſ of ſhoomakerſ thread aſ 1ſ aforeſaid. And if the hole be deep, & in ſuch place aſ you may not cut it, then make your taint of a ſpunge, and ſo long aſ it may reach to the bottom, and the taint being made ſomewhat full, with continuall turning and wrying ofit,you ſhall ealily get it downe, and then dreſſe the wound with thiſ twice a day, clenſing the wound euery time with a little white wine lukewatm. For thiſ ſpunge, anoin— . — 'ted with the ointment aforeſaid, willboth draw and ſuck vp allthe filthy marter, and make it ſo faire within aſ iſ poſſible : and aſ it beginneth to heale, ſo make your taint cuery day leſſer and leſſer, vntillit be ready to eloſe vp, and nener leaue tainting it, ſo long aſ it will 1o receivue a taint, be it neuer ſo ſhort. For haſty healing of woun deſ breedeth Fiſtulaſ, which properly be old woundſ , and therefore muſtbe cured like Fiſtulaſ. Of woundſ in the fleſby partſ. VSe the ſame ointment and maner of proceeding aſ before. And if the wound be large then to keep in the taint or roleſ,you ſhal befain to put two or 3 .ſhoomakerſ endſ on each ſide of the fore, leauing them ſo long aſ you may tye them together, and looſen them when you willlike laceſ. t Of old Vicerſ or woundſ. RZ O cure an old Vicer, aſ Fiſtula, Gall, or Botch or any new receined wound, theſe are the beſtſalueſ and moſt approned in mine experience : takeofhony halfe a pinte, of Deereſewer two ounceſ,of Vardigreaſe beaten into powder aſ much, boyle al theſe ex— ceeding welvpon the fire, then with the ſame lukewarme, taint or plaiſter any venemouſ ſore, and it wil recureit. If you take of wax, Turpentine, oyle of Roſeſ, of hogſ—greaſe, of each like qyantity, and—halfe ſo much Tar aſ any one of the other ſimpleſ, melt al theſeto— gether, atiti being well incorporated together, either taint or plaiſteriany wound, and it will heale it. Alſo, if you take the greene leaneſ of Tobacco bruiſed, and put them into a greene wound, they will heale it: the aſheſ of Tobacco burnt, if they be ſtrewed vpon a— o nye fore that iſ neere ſkinning, it will alſo ſkin it perfedly , and it will incarnate well,ifthe vicer be not too deepe and dangerouſ. There bee many other ſalueſ, plaiſterſ, and vn— guentſ which I could ſet downe , but ſince I haue experienced theſe for moſteffeQSuall IE omit the otherſ aſ ſuperfluouſ. i Of an hurt with an arrow. F the horſe be burt with an arrow, taint the hole with hogſ greaſe and Turpentine mol— ktentogether , renewing it cuery day once vntil it be whole, Of pulling out ſhinerſ or therneſ. 40 MArcin ſaith, that if it bee notvery deepe, ſopebeing laid vnto it al night will make it toappear,ſo'iaſ you may pul it out with a paire of nipperſ.But ifit be very deep then you muſt open the place with a knife or lancet, and get itout, and afterward heale vp the woundaſ hath beene taught you before. Ryſ/wſſaith, thatthe rooteſ of reed being ſtampt andmingled with hony will draw out any thorne, or ſhiver : and {o will ſmaileſ ; aſ he ſaith, being ſtampt and wrought with freſh butter, and if theplace be ſwollen, he ſaithit iſ good to mollifie it with Hogſ—greaſe and hony, which wil aſſwage any new ſwelling, that com— meth by ſtripeor otherwiſe. Ofbruiſingſ or ſwellingſ. 50 MAttin ſaith— Firſtprick itwith a fleame. Then take of wineleeſ a pint, aſ much wheat— flower aſ willthickenit, andan ounce of cumia. Boile them together, and lay thiſ ſomewhat warme vato it renewing it euery day once vntill theſwelling either departe or elſecometo a head. And if it do, then lance it, and heale it vp aſ a wound, — E | & 0Oo of bo2 2 Blundevile T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of ſinneweſ eut, prickt , or bruiſed. 'Ake of Tar, and Bean—fower, and a little oile of Roſeſ, and lay it hot vnto the place, And if thiſ do no good, then take Wormeſ and ſallet—vile fryed together , or elſe the ointment of wormſ,which you ſhall haue atthe Apothecarieſ, and one of theſe willkait ir againe, if itbenotcleane aſunder. How to cure a wound made with har quebuſh—ſbot. Artin ſaith.Firſt ſeeke with an inſtrument whether the pellet remain within or not, and if it do, you muſt get it out with aninſtrument meete for the pu rpoſe. Then to kill the fire. Take a little verniſh, and thruſt it into the wound with a feather, an. nointing it well within with the ſeather, and after that, ſtop the mouth faire and ſoftly with — alittieſoft flax, to keepe the wind out, and.on the outſide, charge all the ſwelling with thiſ charge : take of bole Atmony a quarterne, of Lineſcede beaten into fine powder halfea pound, of beane flower aſ much, and threeor 4. broken eggeſ, ſhelſ and all, and of Tur. peotine a quarterne, and a quart of vineger, and mingle them well together ouer the fire, and being ſomewhat warme, chargeallthe fore place with part thereof, and immediatly clap a cloth, or a piece of leather vpon it, to keepethe wound from the cold aitre,continu— ing both to annoint the hole within with verniſh, and alſo to charge the ſwelling without, the ſpace of foure or fine daieſ, and at the fiue daieſ end, leaue annointing of it , and taint it with a taint reaching to the bottom of the wound, and dipped in Turpentine and hogſ— greaſe molten together, renewing it enery day twice vntill it bee throughly killed, which you ſhall perceiue by the mattering of the wound, and by falling of the ſwelling : for ſo long aſ the fire hath the vppet hand, no thicke matter will yſſue out,but onely a thin yello— wiſh water, neither will the ſwelling aſſwage. And then take of Turpentine,waſhed in nine ſenerall waterſ, halfe a pound, and put thereon threeyolkeſ of eggeſ, and a little Saffron, and taint it with that ointment, renewing it euery day once vntill the wound be whole. Of burning with Lime,or any other frery thing. Artinſaith. Firſt waſh away the Lime, if there bee any, with warme water. Thenkill the fixe with oyle and Water beaten together, drefing him ſo enuery daye vntil it beall raw, and then annoint it with hogſ greaſe, and ſtrew thereupon the powder of ſlec— ked lime, dreſſinghim ſo enuery day once vntillit be whole. Ofthe biting of a mad Dog. 10 20 30 IF a Horſe be bitten with a mad dog,the venom of hiſ teeth will not onely paine him ex— treamely, butalſo infe&all hiſ blood, and makehiim to dye mad— The cureaccording to the old writerſ iſ thuſ. Take of Goatſ dung, of fleſh that hath laide long in ſalt, and of the herbe Ebu/uſ, called of ſome Danewort, of each halfe a pound; andxl. walnutſ. Stamp all theſe thingſ togetber, and lay thereof vnto the ſore, and thiſ willſucke out theyenom, and beale the wound. It iſ good alſo to give the Horſe Treacle, and Wine to drinke: yea» andſomewonuld haue the ſore placeto befiered withahotiton. Of hurtſ by tuſkeſ of a Boare, F a horſe be hurt with the tuſke of a Boare, lay /izr/ſl, and Coporaſ thereuntſ, and the powder of a dogſ head being burned, butlet the tong be firſt pulled outand caſtaway»> To heale the biting or ſtingiflg of Serpentſ. L./l_urentim Ruſſinſ ſaith. Take a good quantity oftheherb called Saniculſ, ſtamp it.and —diſtemper it with the milke of a Cowe, that iſ all of one colour, and give himthatto drinke, and that will heale him. Of 59 Of the Horſſe. 423 1 Another medicine for the ſame purpoſc. | Ake a plaiſter of Onionſ, hony and ſalt, ſtampt and mingled together, and lay that to the ſore place , and give the horſe wine,and treacle to drink. Ab/##2ſ would hane youto giue him white Pepper,Rue, and Time, to drinkewith wine. ) Of drinking of hoyſeleacheſ. 19 IF a Horſechanceto, drinkeſſhorſclſſca_chcs, they. will continually ſuckebiſ bloud,andkill him. The remedy , according to Ab///r05iſ to poure oyle into the Horſeſ mouth which willmake them to fall away and kill them; 5\ P rointI ; i0 > Of ſwalloming downe henſ dung» >.: E IF a horſe ſwallow downe henſ dung in hiſhay , it will frcr hiſ gutſ, and makehimto void "filthy matter atthe fundament. For retnedy whereof, Ab//rrwſ would haue you to gite him drinkemade of fmallage ſeede, wine, and hony, and to walke him throughly vponit, ithat he may empty hiſ belly. u + 20 ) Of Lice,and how to kill them THcy_bc like Geeſe Lice, but ſomewhat bigger ,they will breede moſtabout the eareſ, 1 necke,and taile, and ouer allthe body, They come of poucrty, and the horſewillbee g/updevile alwaieſ rubbing, andſcratching , and willeate hiſ meate, and not proſper withall, and with * rubbing hewill breake all hiſ mane, ahnd taile. The cutreaccordingto Martin iſ thuſ, An— noint the place with ſope and quickſiluer, well mingled together , and to a pound of ſope, put halfean ounce of quickſiluer. 30 S Heeet Of Lonſineſſe Here be HorſſeſthatwillbeLouſie, and itcommethof pouerty, cold, and ilkeeping, Markham. and it iſ oftneſt amongſt young horſeſ ,and moſt men takellittle heed vnto it, and yet they will dye thereon, the cure iſ,to waſh them three mornin getogether in Stau—akerand Wwarme water. | < * How to ſane horſſeſ from the ſtinging of flieſ in Summer, ANnoinc the Horſſeſ coat with oyle, and Bay berrieſ,mingled together, or tie to the 40 headſtall ofhiſ collar, a ſponge dipt in ſtrong vineger,or ſprinkle the ſtable with wa— ter, wherein hearb Grace hath bin laid in ſteepe, or perfume the ſtable with Iuie, or with Calomint, orwith Gith burned in a pan of coleſ. f Of boneſ being broken out of ioynt. FEW or none of our Ferrerſ dointermeddle with any ſuch griefeſ, but dorefer it oner to the bone ſetter, whoſe practiſed hand, I muſt needeſ confeſſe,to be needful in ſuch buſineſſe.. Notwithſtanding, for that it belongeth to the Ferrerſ art, and alſo for that the Old writerſ do make ſome mention therof,I thB\:ght good not to paſſe it ouer altogither with ſilence. Albeit, they ſpeake odlye of fradQureſ in the legſ beneath the knee. For they makelittle mention or none of boneſ aboue the knee,taking them to beincurable,vnleſſe it be a rib,or ſuch like. If a bone then be broken in the leg, it iſ caſie to perceine, by fee— ling the roughneſſe and incquality of the place grieued, one part being higher then ano— ther:the curewhereof, according to Aþ/?rtuſ, and Hierocleſ; iſ in thiſ forteſ 00 2 Firſt 424 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Firſt, putthe bone againe into hiſ right place. That done, wrap itabout with vnwaſht wooll, binding it faſt to theleg witha {mall linnen roller, ſoked before in Oyle and vine. ger mingled rogether Avdlet that roller belaid on ,aſ euen aſ iſ pc_)ffiblc,and vpon that lay againemore—wooll, dipt in oyleand vineger, andthen ſplent it with three } plcms,biþding themfaſtatborbendſwith athong, dodlerthe:—horſeſleg: be kept ſt}'aighc, and right out, the ſpace of forty daieſ and let not thebondſ belooſened aboue 3 timeſ in twenty daieſ, vnleſſe it ſhrinke, and ſo require to be new dreſt, and bound again. Butfaile not euery day once, to poure on the fore place, through the ſplenteſ, oyle and vineger, mingled toge. ther. Aod at the forty daieſ end, if yoir perceine that the broken place be ſowdered toge. theragrin withſome hardknob or griſtle : thenlooſen the bondſ, ſo aſ the horſe may go faireand foftly, vſing from that time forthto annoint theplace with ſome ſoft greace or Ointment. t & Rat iſ 0 Ofbroken boneſ. © Markham!® IHauc not for mine owne part hadany grcatſicxpcricfiſſcc: in braken boneſ of a Hokſc,beq IkPA?4 E cauſe it chanceda ſeldom, and when i doth chance, whatthrough the horſeſ brutiſh va— rulineſſe, and the immoderate maner ofthe ad&, it iſ almoſt held incurable , yet for thelit— tle experience I hane, I haue not found for thiſ purpoſe any thing ſo ſoueraine or ablolut good, aſ oyle of Mandrag.,which applyed,couglutinatethand bindeth trogether any thing eſpecially boneſ being either ſhinered, or broken. 48 Of boneſ out of ioynt . ſa0eaizd) F a Horſeſ knee or ſhoulder be clean out of ioynt, and no bone broken, Mar— Blundevite (Y 1 & \ | tin ſaith the readieſt way iſ, to bind allthe fourelegſtogerber, inſuch fortaſ E >| hath bin taught before in the chap. of incording, and then to hoiſethe Horſſe 19 21 ſomewhat from the ground, with hiſ heeleſ vpward, ſo ſhal the weight and pciſe of hiſ body , cauſe the ioyntto ſhoot in again into the right place: for by thiſ meanſ he pleaſured not long ſince a friend and neighbor o hiſ, who going with hiſ cart from S. Albonſ, towardſ hiſ owne houſe, hiſ Thiller felland put hiſ ſhoulder cleane out of ioynt, 30 {o aſ he waſ neither able to riſe, nor being holpen vp, could ſtand on hiſ Legſ : to which miſchance Martin being called, madeno more adoe, but raking hiſfriendeſ Cart—rope, bound the horſeſ legſ.all 4.. together ; and with a lener being ſtaid vpon the Cart—whecle, they putting their ſhoulderſ to the other end,hoiſed vp the horſe clean from the ground, the peiſe of whoſe body made the bone to returne into hiſ right place, withſuch a loude knack or crack, aſ it might he heard a great way off, and the Horſe immediatly had the vſe of hiſleg, {0o aſ he drew in the cart, and wentalſo ſafe home without complaining thercof eucr after. Certaine receiptſ of plaiſterſ, very goodfor broken boneſ, taken = out of the old Authorſ, writing of horſe— 40 leach—eraft. TAkc of 5puma argenti, of vineger,, of each one pound, of Sallet—oyle halfe a pound,of Amoniacum, and Turpentine, of each 3.three ounceſ, of waxe, of Rozen ,of each two ounceſ of Bitumen, of Pitch, of Vardigreaſe,of each halle a pound.Boile the vineger,oile and Spupa argenti together, vntill it wax thick,then put thereunto the Pitch, which being molten,take the pot from the fire, and put in the Bitumen ,without ſtirring it at al.and that being alſo molten,then put in al the reſt,& ſet the pot again to the fire, and let themboile altogether, votil they bee all vnited in one. That done, ſtraine it, and make it in a plaiſter forme, and thiſ iſ called Zieyacleſ plaiſter. 56 Another receit for broken boneſ. ! Ake ofliquid Pitch one pound,ofwax two ounceſ,ofthe pureſt & fineſt part ofFran— kincenſeone ounce, of Awzoniacem: foure ounceſ, of dry Roſeſ, and of Galbanum,of each one ounce, of vineger twopintſ. Boilefirſt the vineger and Pitchtogether, then put in Ofthe thiſſ:. = 425 in the Amoriacum,diſlolued firſt in vineger, and after that al the reſtof the Aforeſaid drugſ \ andafter they have boylcdltogcthcr,and be vnited in one, ſtraine it, and make it plaiſter— wiſe, and thiſ iſ called Emp/aſ?rom flanmm, that iſ to ſay , the yellow plaiſter, An vintment for broken boneſ, TAkc of old Sallet—oile a quart, and put therunto of hogſ—greaſe of Sppma#i#77, of each one pound, and let them boile together, vntil it begin to buble aboue,& let thiſ ointſ neent be very warm when you vie it. Hitherto of al the diſeaſeſ belonging to a horſe.Now 10 therefore my promiſe waſ made vato you to ſpeakeof thoſe thingſ wherein the cure of al diſeaſeſ do copſiſt, that iſ to ſay; in letting bloud, in raking vp of veineſ, in purging, and in giuing thefire : yea and alſo order itſelte bindech me to treat of the ſaid thingſ preſent— ly, andfirſtof lettingblood. In how manyveineſ a horſewray be let blowd, and to what end, S touching the order; time of the yeare, Moone, and day, andother circumſtanceſ 4 >belonging to letting of blood, we haneſufficiently ſpoken already in the keeperſ of: 20 fice, in the 22. chap. Itteſteth therefore hereto ſhew you what veineſ ſhould be opened whenthe horſeiſ ſick of any diſeaſe, according to Fegermſ opinion. But firſ|I will rehearſe vnto you once again, in how many veineſ a horſe may be let blood , and the rather for that I1followe vegerinſ. A Horſethen may bee let blood inthe two Temple vaineſ.Item, in the two'cie vaineſ, whichare eaſie to finde in the face of the horſe, ſomewhat beneath the eieſ. Item, inthe two pallat veineſ of the mouth, In the two necke vaineſ. Item in the two plat vaineſ which bee inthe breaſt. ftrem, in the two forethigh vaineſ. Item, in the foure ſhakell vaineſ before. Item, in the two toe vainſ before. Item in the two ſide veineſ,which may bee otherwiſe called flancke veineſ. Item in the taile veine. Item in the two haunch 39 veineſ. Item in the two hough veineſ. Item, in the foure ſhakell veineſbehinde. Item, in the two toc veineſ behind, ſo that by thiſ accout, a horſe may be letblood in 3 1. veineſ. All which veineſ are caſie inough to know ,becauſethat enuery one lyeth in alittlegutter, which by feeling ſoftly with your finger, you ſhallfinde immediatly. And Pegerinſ ſaith, that if a Horſe be pained with any griefein hiſ head, aſ with ach, heauineſſe, frenzy , fal— ling evillyor ſuch like, thein it iſ good to Jet him blood in the temple veineſ with a fleame. It hiſeieſ be wateriſh, blodſhotten, or grieued with pin, web, or hawe, then it iſ good to ſtrike the eie veine with a fleame. If he hane any heauineſſe or wearineſſe of body ,or bee diſcaſed in the throat with the ſtrangullion, quinzy , or ſwelling ofthe artireſ, either withim orwithout, then itiſ good to let him bloud in the mouth, in the palat veineſ with a Cor— o net. If he be vexed with an Aguc, or with any other diſca\c,vniucrſally burting hiſ body, thenlethirmm bloud in the necke vaineſ. If hiſ griefe be in the lungſ;liver, orin any other inward member, then Iet him blood in the breaſt veineſ, which we called before the palat veineſ. If he be gricued in the ſhoulder; then lethim blood in the forethigh veinſ, aboue the knee with a lancet, and that very warily , becauſe that place iſfull of ſinneweſ, and if he be griened in hiſ foyrnitſ, then let him blond in the ſhakell veineſ, and that warity, bex cauſe thatplace iſ alſo full of ſinneweſ. 6 } And if he be foiled on hiſ forefeet by foundering or otherwiſeqhen let him blood in the toe veinſ, Making way firſtwith your drawer, or cornet in the hoofeto cometo the veine, . Ihebcediſeaſed in the kidnieſ, reineſ, backe , or belly, then let him bloud in the flancke "< weineſy indin hiſ raile, ifhehath anyrgriefe in hiſ hipſ, or houghſ, then let him blood in go thehip orhough veineſyand if hiſ hinder legſ, iloyntſ, or feete, be grieued, then lethim blood in the ſhakell veineſ, and toe veineſ, aſ iſ aforeſaid. tht o3 00 3 Of 426 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The order of taking vp vaineſ, and wherefore it iſ good. J He order obſerued by Martin iſ in thiſ ſort. Firſt, ifthe Horſſe be very curſtand ſhrewd, then caſthimvppor a dunghill, or ſome ſtraw, then ha. uing found the veine that you would take vp, marke well that part of the ckinne which couereth the veine, and pullthatſomewhat a ſidefrom the [[S9G veine with your left thumb, to the intent you may ſlit it witha Rafor,with. out touching the veine. And cut not no deeper then onely through the ſkinne» and that to longſte wiſe, aſ the veine goeth, and not aboue an inchlong. Thatdone, tak_c away your Thumbe, and the Skinne willreturneagaine into hiſ place, right oucr the veine, aſ it waſ before. Then with a cornet vncouer the vaine and make it vp, and heing bare, thruſt the cor— het vnderneath it, and raiſeit vp, ſo aſ you may puta ſhoomakerſ thread vnderneath, ſomewhat higher then the cornet , to knit the vaine when timeiſ. And if your cornet had a hole in the ſimallend to put in the thread, it ſhould bethe eaſlier done. Thenthe cornet ſtanding ſo ſtill, ſlit the vaine longſt wiſe thatit may bleede,and hauing bled ſomewhat from aboue, then knit it vp with a ſure knot, ſomewhat aboue theſlit, ſuf— fering it to bleed onely from benieath; and hauing bled ſufficiently, then knit vp the veine alſobeneath the flit withaſureknot, and fill the hole of the vein with Salt, and then heale 20 vp the wound of the ſkinne with Turpentine, and Hogſ—greaſcmolten together, and laid onwith alittle Flax. The taking vp of veineſ iſ very neceſſary ,and dotheaſemany gricefeſ in the Leggeſ: forthe taking vp of the forethigh veineſ ealeth Farcinſ, and fwellingeſ of the Leggeſ, the raking vp ofthe ſhakell veineſ before, eaſeth the Quitter—bone and ſwel. ling oftheioyntſ, ſcabſ, and cratcheſ. The taking vp of the hinder veineſ helpeth the Farcin, ſwellingſ, and boththeſpauenſ,che taking vp ofthe ſhakel veineſ behind, helpeth ſwelling ofthe ioyntſ, the paineſ, and kibed heeleſ, and ſuch like diſeaſeſ. Of purging with Purgation,or Gliſter. 30 q Vrgationſ iſ defined by the Phyſitianſ, to be the emptiyng or voiding ofſuperfluouſ humorſ, annoying the body with their euill quality.For ſuch humorſ bring euillinyce and nutriment, called of the Phyſitianſ Cacochimia, which when it will not be corrected or holpen with good dy—. et, alteration, nor by the benefit of nature and kindly heat ,then itmuſt needeſ be taken away by purgation, vomitor Gliſter. But foraſinuch aſ Horſſeſ arenot wont to be purged by Vomit, aſ men be, I willſpeake heere onely of Gli— ſterſ and purgationſ» And firſt becauſe a Hor{e iſ gricued with many diſeaſeſ in hiſ gutſ, and thatnothing can purge the gutſſo well aſ a Glyſter, and eſpecially the thicke gutſ, I wiſh that our Ferrerſwould learne to knowethe dinerſity of Glyſterſ to what end they 49 ſerue, and with what drugſ or ſimpleſ they ſhould. bee made; for aſ the diſeaſe requireth, fo muſtthe Gliſterbee made, ſome to allay griefeſand ſharpneſſe of humorſ,ſometo binde;ſome to looſen, ſometopurge euill humorſ, fome to clenſe Vicerſ : but our Fer— rerſ vie Gliſterſ, only to looſen the belly and for no other purpoſe : yea, few or none do that vnoleſſe it be Martin, and ſuch aſ he hath taught, who iſ not ignorant that a Glifter iſ the beginning of purgation. For a Gliſter,by clenſing the gutſ,refreſheth thevital partſ and prepareth, the way before. And therefore whenſocuer a Horſeiſſurfered and fl of euill humorſ, ncedingto be purged and ſpecially being painedinthe gutſ, I wouldwiſh youtobegin firſtwith a Gliſter, leaſt by purging himby medicinevppon the ſudden, you ſtirvp a multitude of cuillhumorſ , which finding no paſſage downeward becauſe the gutſ 5 be ſtoprwith windand dreggeſ , do ſtrike vpwardeſ; and ſo perhapſput the horſe in great danger. — — Butnow you ſhall vnderſtand that Gliſterſ be made of foure thingſ, that iſ to ſay , of de— codtionſ, of Druggeſ, of Oyleſ, or ſuch like vnd&iouſ matterſ, aſ butter and ſoft greaſe, and fourthly of diverſ kindeſ of ſalt to prouoke the vertue expulſine. A decoction iſ 25 much 10 2 9 30 4o s(z Of the Horſſe. : 4227 much to ſay aſ the broath of certaine hearbeſ or ſimpleſ boiled together in water tillthe third part beconſumed. Andſometime inſtead of ſuch decoGion, it ſhalbe needfullparhapſ to vſe ſome fat broth aſthebroth of Beefe or of Sheepſ headſ, or Milke, or Whay, or ſomeother ſuch like li— quor,and that perhapſ mingled wiFh Hony, or Sugar, according aſ the diſeaſe ſhallre— qujfc,thc Gliſter to be either Lenitine, that iſ to ſay , eaſing paine :or Glutinatiue,;that iſ, ioyning together for elſe Abſterſiue, that iſ to ſay, cleanfing or wiping away filthy mat— ter, of which decocdtion ofbroath being ſtrained, you ſhall need to take three pinteſ or a quarrattheleaſt. And theninto that you may put ſueb druggeſ aſ ſhall bee needefull to the weight of three or foure ounceſ, according aſ the ſimpleſ ſhallbee more or leſſe vio— lent.Of Oyleat the leaſt halfe a pinte, and of Salttwo or three drammeſ, and then tobee miniſtred Luke—warme with a horneor pipe made of purpoſe, whenthe horſe iſ not alto— gether full panched, but rather empty , be it either in forenoone or after—noorre. And aſ touching the time of keeping gliſterſ in the body, you ſhal vaderſtand, that to gliſterſ ab ſterſiue halfe an houre or leſſe may ſuffice : to gliſterſ Lenitiue a longer time if it' may be., andto gliſterſ Glutinatiue, thelongeſtrime of all iſ moſtncedfull. * Of Purgationſ. Vrgationſ for men may be made in diverſ ſortſ and formeſ, buthorſeſ are wont to be purged onely with pilleſ, or elſ with purging powderſ put into Ale, wine or ſome p/rpdevile otherliquor.But the ſimpleſ whereoſſuch pilſ or powderſ be made,would be choſen withindgement and aptly applyed, ſo aſ you may purge away the hurifull bumourſ, and not the good.Leame firſt therefore to know with what humour or humourſ the horſe iſ > greeued, be it Cholet, Elegme, or Mclancholy,and in what part of the body fſuch humorſ do abound : then what ſimpleſ are beſtto purge ſuch humorſ,& with what property.quali ty,and temperament they be indued. Forſome be violent and next'couſinſ to poiſon, aſ Scamony, orCologuintida.Some againe are gentle, and rather meat than medicineſ, aſ Manna, Caſſia, Whay, Pruneſ,and ſuch like. And ſome againe beneither too violent,nor too gentle, but in a meane, aſ Rhewbarbe, Agaricke, Sene, Aloeſ. The oldemendid vſe muchto purge hor{eſ with the pulpe of Cologuintida, and ſometime with the rooteſ of wilde Cowcumber, and ſometime with the broathe of a ſodden Whelpe mingled with Nitrum, and diverſ other thingeſ whereof I am ſure Thanue mademention before in the curing of horſeſ diſcaſeſ. Nogwithſtanding I would not wiſh you to beraſhin purging a horſe afterthe oldmenſ example Foraſthcitſimpleſ many timeſ bee very violent, ſo the quantitieſ therecof by them preſcribed are verie much, and dangerouſfor any horſe to take in theſe daieſ , in the whichneither mannor beaſt, aſ itſeemeth, iſ ofſuch force or ſtrengthaſ they were in timeſ paſt And therefore wheoſocuer you would purge him withſuch like kindeſ of Pur— gationſ aſ Martin vſeth, wherof you hane example before in dinerſ placeſ, and whenſoe— uer youliſt for knowledge ſaketo dealewith other fimpleſ, to pronethem firſtvpon ſuch Tadeſaſ may well beſpared, For whoſocuer mindeth to purge a horſe, well, that iſ, to do himgoodandvo burt, had neede to conſider maniethingſ : aſ the nature of the horſeſ dif ſeaſe, and the horſeſ ſtrength : alſo the nature; ſtrengthand quantity of the medicine that heminiſtreth : the Region, or Countrey the time of the diſeaſe, the time ofthe yeere and daieſ For aſ the diſeaſeſ and euillhumorſ cauſing ſuch diſeaſeſare diverſ, ſo doethey re— quire to be purged with diverſ medicineſ, diverſlic compounded, wherein conſiſteth a point of Art to belearned at the Phyſitianſ handſ, and not at mine. Againe, weake, delicate, and tender Horſeſ, may not be purged in ſuch ſorte, aſ thoſſ that be of a ſtrong ſturdie nature:Andtherefore in ſuch caſeſ the qualitieand quantity of the ſimpleſ iſ notalittle to be conſidered, neither iſ the homeſſe or coldneſſe of the Repi— onto be negleGted, nor the time of thedifeaſe.Forſomerequire to be purgedintheverie beginning ſome, not vatill the matter be throughlie digeſted: and though thediſcaſepro— ceed perhapſ of colde and coldhumorſ, yet a man may not Miniſter ſuch hot thingeſ in Summer,aſ he would do in Winter, nor in the contrarie eaſe, ſuch cold thingeſ in Win— tCK T he Hiſlory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ter aſ he would in Summer. And therefore the time arid ſeaſon of the yeare iſ allo to bee obſcrired : yea the day and time of the day.For the more temperate the day iſ the better not in an extreame hot day, for making the horſe to faint, nor yetwhen thewinde blow. eth in the cold North, for that wil ſtop and hinder the working of the medicine, but rather iha temperate moiſt day , when the wind iſ in the South, if it may bee, for that will further and helpe the working of the medicine, and make the body looſe and ſoluble. Againe for a hor{e, whether you purge him wich pilſ or drinke,it iſ beſt for him(aſ Mar. tin ſaith to take them in the morning, after that be bath faſted from meat and drinke al the night before. And hauing receined hiſ medicine, let him be walked vppe and downe, one houre atthe leaſt, andthen ſet himvp.,and ſuffered to ſtand on the bit two or three houreſ without any meat, but in the meane time ſee that he be well littered , and warme conered : and at three houreſ end, offer him a little of a warme maſh made with Wheate meale, or with bran, or elſe with ground manule. Gite him little meat or none vntill hebe purged : all which thingeſ haue bin ſhewed you before in dinerſ placeſ, and therefore I thiake it not good to be tediouſ vato you with often recitall thereof. Of Canterization , or gining the fire , aſwell attnall aſ potentiall. Oraſmuch aſ the fire iſ iudged of all the olde writerſ to be the chiefeſt remedy , and ag it were thelaſt refuge in all diſeaſeſ almoſt whereunto a horſe iſ ſubieGe, Ithought good therefore to talke of it in thiſ place, and the rather., for that fewe or none of our Eerrerſ valeſſe it be Martin, or ſuch aſ hane beene taught, do know howe to give the fire, "or to what end it ſerueth.But firſt you ſhall vnderſtand;that according to the learned Chi— rurgianſ, yea, allo according to my old Authorſ, therebe two kindſ of Cauterie, the one actuall, and the other porential. The Cauterie atual iſ that which iſ done onely by fiering of thegreeued place with a hot yron. The potentiall Cauteric iſ done by applying vnto the greened place, ſome medicine coroſine, putrifaCivue, or canſticke. But we will ſpeake firſt ofthe actuall cautery, ſhewing you wherefore itiſ good, then of what mettell and fa— ſhion your inſtrument ſhould be made, and finally howand when to vſe them. Auicen/aith, that an a Auall canterie moderately vIed, iſ a noble remedy to ſtoppe co— zuption of memberſ, to rectifie the complexion of the ſame, andalſo to ſtaunch bloode. How be it you muſt beware (ſaith hey that youtouchnot theſinneweſ; chordeſ, ot liga— mentſ, leaſtthe member be weakened, or that the crampe inſueth: yzgzeziwſ alſo writing of horſe—leach—craft, praiſeth theaGuall cavterie very much, ſpeaking in thiſ fort. The aQuall cautery faithhc, bindeth together partſ loſened, it doth artinuate partſ blowne and puſfed vp, it drieth vp ſuperfluouſ moiſture, it looſeneth, and dinideth euill matter gatheredto— gether into knotſ, t aſſwagethold griefeſ, it reSiffeth thoſe partſ of the body thatare co— rupted by any manner of way , reducing them to their. priſtine eſtate, and ſuffereth no ſu— perfluity to grow or increaſe, for the Skinne being opened with a hot yron , altkind of cor— ruption by verme of the fire iſ firſt digeſted and ripened, and then diſfolued, ſo aſ the mat— 43 ter doth yſſue outat the holeſ, whereby the member or part before offended iſ nowe hea— led, and caſed of all paine and greefe :yea the holeſ being once cloſedand cleane ſhut vp, that place iſ ſtronger and better knit, and coucred with a tougher ſkin than euer it waſ be— fore.Now aſ touching the inſtrumentſ whereof, and of what faſhion they ſhould be made you ſhallvaderſtand, that veger/»ſ and the other old writerſ would haue them to be made ofcopper, praiſing that mettell to be far better to burne with, that yron. The chirurgianſ for manſ body dopraiſe gold and filuer, butaſ for the faſhion of the yronſ, itiſtobeete— ferred to the kinde of ſore placeand gricued, wherewith you haue to deale, according to the diverſity whereof, the inſtrumentſ are to be made of dinerſ faſhionſ, aſ ſome with ſea— ring yronſ with ſharpe edgeſ, and ſome with bluntand broade edgeſ,ſome like right, and 59 ſome like crooked Bodkinſ, and ſome like hookeſ and ſickleſ, and ſome: with a greatbut— ton, andſome witba ſmal Button at the one ende, in making whereof, the Ferrerſ indge— ment iſ moſt needfull, who ought to be ſo *kilfull aſ he may beable to makeal maner of y— xonſ thathe ſhould occupy ,and to alter them according aſ need ſhall require. And there. fore Ithought good onely heere to ſpeake of the common drawing yron, and of the | bug: 20 39 Of the Horſſe. 429 button yron, likein forme_to thoſe that Martin vſeth, referring all the reſt to your owne indgement, and ſpecially ſith you haue bin fully inſtructed before of what fort they ſhold be made meet to ſerue yourturne in any diſeaſe : Nowe, aſ touching the vſe of the inſtru— mentſ, two thingſ are ſpecially to be conſidered, that iſ the heating of the yron, and the bearing of the hand.For the backe of the yron may not be red hot,b'[xt onely the edge,;for feare of yeelding too much heat.And therefore though it be madered hot atthefirſt, yet it ſhall be good before you occupy it, to cool the backe of the inſlrument in water, and aſ touching the bearing of the hand more euenly and lightly it iſ donne the better, and that according aſ the fineneſſe and thinneſſe of the ſkin ſhall require, which iſ tobe indged by xo the haire.For if the haire be ſhort and fine, then it iſ a ſigne of a fine ſkinne, if longe and rough, then it betokeneth a thicke ſkinne. The fine Skinne requireth thelighter hand, and not to beburned ſo deepeaſ the thicke ſkinne, yet both muſt be burned vntill they looke ellow. I. But the fine Skinne willlookeyellow with leſſer burning, then the thicke Skinne. For the thicke ſkinne with hiſ long haire doth choke the fire, and therefore requireth amore heauy hand :yea, and more often heating of the inſtrument than the thirne ſkinnedocth, and be ſure to draw alwaieſ with the haire, and not againſtthe haire, in what forme and in, what manner of lineſ hath beene taught you before : for thoſe muſtbe made either long, ſhort, deepe, ſhallow, right—crooked , or ouer—thwart, according aſ the diſeaſe doeth re— 20 quire : you haue learned alſo how to alay the heat of the fire, after ſuch drawing. And ther— fore I haue no more to ſay heere,but onely to admonith you acccording to Vegerinuſ pre— ceptſ, not to fire anie ſinnewieplace, nor bone that iſ broken or out ofiointe, for feare of weakening the whole member , nor to bear ſo heauy or vneuen hand, aſ you ſhould there— by deforme or miſtaſhion any part of the horſe, nor be too haſty in giving the fire, but to attempt firſt allother conuenient remedieſ, and when nothing elſe will helpeto makethe fire your laſt refuge, and yet not ſo much to negle it and abhorre it, like the ignoraunt ſort, aſ you will not vſe it when need requireth, for lack whereof manyhorſeſ go lame,and vncured of diverſ diſeaſeſ.Practiſe your ſeluſ thereforein giving thefire at needful timeſ with indgement and diſcretion, ſo ſhall you do it tothe horſeſ benefit, and to your owne 30 greatpraiſeand profit. 2 Of Canterieſ potentiall. » Auterieſ potentiall, aſ 7ohawpmeſ Vigo ſaith, aremedicineſ Coroſiue, S»>) PutrifaGivueand Cauſticke. Thiſ word Coroſiue, iſ deriued of the Latine word Co7rrode, which iſ aſ much toſaie, aſ to gnaw and frette, . and of ſuch Coroſineſ,ſomebe ſimple andſomecompounde. The 5" ſimple aſ Vigo ſaith, be ſuch aſ theſe be, Roche Alum, aſ wellburnte J & aſ not burnt, ſpunge of the Seaſomewhatburnt, Lime, redde corall 4Qd ASSIFSPST powder of Mercury.Compoundcoroſiueſ betheſe, Vaguentum A— poſfolorum,Vngnentum egyptiacum ,Vngnentum Ceraceum.Medicineſ putrifaCiue,called of the learned ſort, Seprica according to Awjeen, be thoſethat haue ſtrengthto corrupte the complexion of the member, and to induce any ſcarre like dead fleſh, cauſing great pain : yeaand Feuerſ, & therefore ought not to be miniſtred, but to ftrong bodieſ and inftrong diſeaſeſ, aſ in Carbuncleſ, Cankerſ, Vicerſ, and ſuch like, and they beetheſe, Ar/enicke Julblimat reſalgar, and other medicineſ compoundtherwith.Si/wiwſ alſo addeth thereunto Sandarata, Chryſocella y and Aconitum,but he doth not agree with Aviceſ inthedceſcription. of the putrifadiue medicineſ : Eorheſaith, that they haue little paine or none, neither bee they ſo hot and drie aſ thoſe that are called E/@hazotica: that iſ to ſay cruſtive : which be hot in the forth degreeand do breeda cruſt and ſcarre, and cauſe greatpaine, aſ vnſleC lime, and the burned dreggeſ of wine : wherefore itſeemeth that Arieenſ deſcription belongeth 5 rather to the cruſtiue than to the putrifadine medicineſ. Notwithſtanding, Imuſt needſ ſay that our Chirurgionſ and alſo Ferrerſ, do ſinc'i both Arſenickeand Reſalgar, to beſo ſharpe, hotte, and burning thingſ, aſ when they miniſter the ſame to any part of the body,they are forced to alay the ſharpe neſſe thereof: the chi— rurgianſ with the inyce of Plantaine or Daffadill, or elſe of Houſe—lecke, the Ferrerſ with Hogſ— 40 430 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Hoggeſ—greace.Medicineſ cauſticke : that iſ to ſay burning.are thoſe whoſe opetation are moſt ſtrong and inclinethtothe natute of the fire, and yet more eaſily alayed aſ Pigſ w:;. teth, than the medicineſ putriſactiue, and therefore may be more ſafely vſed, They bee made aſ he ſaith of ſtrong lie, called Capirel/wm , or Aagi/?ra, of Virriole Romane, Sal Netri, Aqua fortiſ, of thiſ ſort be al thoſe which /igo calleth the bliſtering medicineſ, aſ Apitm, Cantharideſ, Ciclamine, Ovionſ, ſtrong Garlicke, Melanacardinunſ, the ſtoneſ or graineſ of Vitiſ alba, otherwile called Brione. Moreouer, /7g0 maketh every one of theſe canterieſ potentiall to excel one another, aſ it were by cerraine degreeſ, ſaying, that coroſiueſ bee weaker then putrifactiveſ, and purrifactiveſ be weaker then cauſticke, and thereforecoro. ſiveſ worke in the vpper part and in ſoft fleth, Putrifactiveſ in hard fleſh and deepe. But cauſtickeſ hatve power to breake the ſkin in hard fleſh and do enter moſt deepely. The vſe ofthe moſte part of which thingeſ have beene taught youbefore in ſundry placeſ, accor— ding to Marcinſ experience . And therefore I leaue to vrouble youany further, wiſhing you that are deſirouſ to know any more ofthoſe marterſ, to read Tuwgapzinſ writing De piroticiſ., And Siluivſ de medien. mentorum compoſitione And Iohn Vigo writing of ſurgerie, Engliſhed but few yeareſ ſince, But the old writerſ ſofarre aſ Ican indge by the wordeſ of 45/%,#£@5, and otherſ, that write ofhorſeleachcraft, doapplie thiſ worde cauſticke, to ſuch medicineſ aſ are aſtrictineand binding, called of Martin and cther Ferrerſ in theſe dajeſ, binding chargeſ, aſ may well appeare by the compoſition and vſe heere following, recited by Peger/@ſin thiſſort. The receipt of a Canſlicke vſed by Chiron ,to dry vp the ſuperfluonſ moiſſure and to bind partſ looſened, and to ſirengthen partſ weakened. TAkc of Bitumen Indaicum two pounde, of Bitumen Apolont two pouude, ofthe pureſt part of Frankencenſeſixounce, of Bdelliumſ Arabicum two ounceſ, of Deareſ ſewet 2. pound, of poprwlenm two ounceſ, of Galbanum two ounceſ, of the dropſ of Storax two oun— ceſ, of common wax two pound, of Reſin Gabial one pounde, of Viſewſ Italicuſ three oun— ceſ, of Apoxima two ounceſ,of the inice of hipſop two ounceſ ,of the dropſ of Armoniake two ounceſ, of pitch one pound. : Another Cauſticke vſed by pelagoniuſ, to dry vp ſwellingſ, Bladderſ, Windgalſ, and ſplentſ in the Leggeſ and doyntſ. TAke virgin wax one pound, of Rozen two pound and a halfe, of Galbanum three oun— ceſ, of Aſphaltum Indaicum two pound, of Mirthe ſecondary two pounde, of Bitumen one pound, of Armoniacke ſix ounceſ, of Coſf=ſ ſix ounceſ.Boile all theſe thingſ together v+ w» 0 0 in an earthen pot, ſauing the AſPhal/rwm, Armoninack & Coſtum :which(/being firſt ground 40 like fine flower, muſt beadded vnto the other thingeſ,and after that they haue been boiled and cooled, and then boiledal together againe, and well ſtirred, {o aſ they may bee incor— porated together, aud made allone ſubſtance. Theſekindeſ of emplaiſterſ or ointmenteſ ought in my indgement to be ſo called,aſ I ſaid before, rather binding chargeſ, than cau— ſtike medicineſ, becauſe there be no ſuch extreame corofſiue or burning ſimpleſ in theſe, aſ are before recited. Notwithſtinding I refer my indgment to thoſe that be better lerned, andſo end for being oucr tediouſ.For if I would, I could take very good occaſion heere to ſpeake of diverſ otherſ other medicineſ, whereof ſome are called Arodina, eaſing paine and griefe. Martin calleth them Linogeſ, whichare made of Lineſeede, Cammomiile, ſoft greaceandſuch like thingſ ,aſ are hot in the firſt degree, ſome againeare called Maycarica, that iſ to ſay , aſtonying or bringing to fleepe, aſ thoſe thatare made of Opinm, Mandrage— 74, Popic,and ſuchlike cold and grofſe thingſ. And ſome are called Sareoziea, that iſ, bree— ding fleſh, aſ Barly flower and Erankencenſe, And many other kindſ of emplaiſterſ, oint— mentſ, waterſ and ſalueſ, which would occupy a booke of noſimal volume, to bee written hereaſter by ſome other perhapſ,ifnot by my ſelfe, And in the meane time , let thiſ that I hauealready writtenſuffice. w 0 20 30 Of the Horſſe. . 431 Of the Anticor. N Anticor, commeth of ſuperfluity , of euill blood or ſpirit in the artireſ, and alſo Muarkham, of inflammation in the liner, which iſ ingenderedby meaneſ of too choiſekeeping, "* and ouermuch reſt, which choaketh the vital power, and occaſion vnnaturall ſwel— kingſ in the breſt, which it they aſcend vpward and come into the necke, they are inſtandly death: the cure thereof iſ in thiſ ſort.Let him bleed ſo aſ hemay bleed abundantly, then with a ſharp knife in dinverſ placeſ cut the ſwelling : which done, ſet a cupping—glaſſe ther— on, and cup it till the glaſſe filled with foule water fall away itſelfe: then give the Horſe to drinke three morningſ together a pinte of Malmeſie well ſtirred with Sinamon, Lycoraſ, and a little Bezar ſtone, and during hiſ ſickneſ, let hiſ drinke bee warmed, and mingled with eitherBran or Malt. : ' Of the Cordſ. He Cordſ iſ adiſeaſe that maketh a horfe ſtumble, and many timeſ fall, and they a— — peare in a horſeſ forelegſ, thiſ iſ the cure thereof. Take a ſharpeknife, and cutaſlitte euenatthetip of hiſ noſe, iuſt with the point of the griſle, open the{lit being made, aund you ſhall perceinue a white ſtring, take it vp with a Boreſ tooth, orſome crooked bod— kin, and cut it inſunder, then ſtitch vppe the ſlt and annoiot it withButter, and the horſe doubtlcſſe ſhall berecouered. } Ofthe Milletſ. He Milletſ iſ a griefe that appeareth in the Fetlockeſ behinde, and cauſeth the haire to ſhed three or foure incheſ Jong,, and a quarter of an inch in bredth, like aſ it were * >—_ bare and ill to cure, but thuſ iſ the cure : Firſt waſh it well with ſtrong lye, and rub it till it bleede,, then binde vnto it Hony ,vnſle& lime, and Deareſ ſewet, boiled and mingled together,thiſ do for the ſpace of a weeke, and it ſhallbe whole. — Of the Serew. Serew iſ a fonleſoraunce, it iſ like a Splent,but it iſ a little longer , and iſ moſt com= monly on the outſide of the fore legge, aſ the ſplint iſ on the inſide, the cure iſ thuſ, Taketwo ſpoonefulſ of ſtrong Wine—Vinegar, and one ſpoonefull of good Sallet— oyle, mingle them together,and enery morning beſtow one houre in rubbing the ſorance withitaltogether downeward til itbegone, whi ch will not belang in going. / T he medicineſ ariſing out of Horſeſ. He Grzecianſ haue written notbing'/atall concerning wilde , Imy. horſeſ, becauſe in their country there waſ noneof themv— ſually bredde or gotten : yet notwithſtanding theſame wee ought to thinke that allmedicineſor anye other thingeſ} which do proceed fromthem, are more ſtrong iiſoperati— on, and haue in them greater force and power then anye common horſeſ have, aſ it falleth out inall forteſ of other beaſtſ. - 31 14 The blood of a horſe (aſ Pliny affirmethydoth gnaw into "—=—=AR S deadefleſh with a putriſadine force, the ſame vertue hath the blood of Mareſ , which haue bin coucred by horſeſ : Alſo the bloode of a horſe (but e— ſpecially of one which iſ a breedery doeth verye much make and belpeagainſte im— poſtumeſ, and ſmallbuncheſ which do ariſe in the fleſh. Moreouer it iſ ſaid that the bloud of a young Aſſe iſ very good againſt the Laundice, and the otucr—flowing of the gall, aſ al— ſotheſameforce and effect iſ in the blood of a young horſe. The horſe—leacheſ do vſclz th; bloo 4.32 T he Hiſtor»y of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. blood ofhorſeſ for dinerſ diſcaſeſ which are incident vato them, both by annointin e or rubbing the outward partſ, aſ alſo within their bodieſ. . Eurthermore if one do cut the vaineſ of the pallet of a horſeſ mouth, and let it runne Themaxſtu: downe into hiſ belly , it will preſently deſtroy and conſume the maw or belly—wormſ, which are within him. When a horſe iſ ſicke of the peſtilence, they draw blood out of the veineſ in hiſ fpurring place, and mingling the ſame vpon a ſtone with ſalt, make him tolicke it vp. The blood of a horſe iſ alſo mingled with other medicineſ ,and being annointed vponthe armeſ and ſhoulderſ of men or beaſtſ, which are broken or out of ioynt, doth very much helpe them . Buta horſe which iſ weary or tyred, you m uſtcure after thiſ manner. Firſte, drawſomebloude out of hiſ matrixe or wombe, and mingle it with Oyle and Wine; and then put it on the firetillit bee luke—warme, and then rubbe the horſe all ouer againſte the haireſ. If the ſinneweſ of horſeſ do wax ſtifie or ſhrink in together, it iſ very neceſſary that the Pluy. ſicke partſ ſhould be annointed with the het bloode which doeth proceede from him, for horſeſ alſo which are fed in the field vſſ their fleſhand dung,againſt the biting and ſtinging of Serpentſ. & We doalſo find that the fleſh of horſeſ being wellboiled iſ very medicinable for di. Earaeritiſ nerſ diſeaſeſ.Moreouer it iſ very vſualland common with the women of Oceiraziato take the fat or greace of horſeſ to annoint their headeſ to make the haire of their headſmulti. ply and increaſe, and certaine later Phiſitianſ do mingle the marrow of a horſe with other ointmentſ for a remedy againſt the crampe. The marrow of a horſe iſ alſo very good to looſen the ſinneweſ which are knit and faſt. ned together, but firſtlet it be boiled in wine, and afterwardſ made cold, and then anoin— ted warmly either by the fire or Sun. If a horſe do labor in what kind of impoſtume which they vulgarly call the worme,cither any where aſ wellaſ in the noſe, they do open the $kin with a ſearirg yron, and doe ſprinkle Verdigreace within the horſeſ mouth being brent, there being added thereunto ſometimeſ the ſeed of Hen—bane. The teeth of a male horſenor gelded ot by any labor made feeble, being put vnder the head or oucr the head of him that iſ troubled or ſtarteth in hiſ dreame,doth withſtindand Alberrue _xrcſiſt all vnquietneſ which in thetime of hiſ reſt might happen vntohim. Plinyalſo doeth aſſent that flower doocth heale the ſoreneſ of a horſeſ teeth and gumſ, and the cleſtſ and chinkeſ of a horſeſ feet. —, Theteethalſoofahorſe iſ verye profitable for the curing of the Chilblaneſ whichare Mareellut yrotten and ull of corruption when they are ſwollen full ripe. Marcellſ ſaith that the toothe of ahorſe being beaten and cruſhed into very ſinall powder , and being ſprinkled vppona manſ genitall doth much profit, and very effeSually helpe him : but the teeth which were firſtingendered in a horſe haue thiſ vertue inthem,, that if they ſhould touch the teethe of man or woman who are moleſtedand gricued with the tooth—achezthey ſhal preſently find a finall ende of their.paing : if in the like manner a childe dockiſſe the noſe or ſnowt of a StaTue, h[:ſſſhc hF ſhal nener feele paine in hiſ teeth, neither at any time ſhall the childe be bitten by 40 . the/horte. id © ; iſ Their eami— be mingled together the haire falleth offfrom the Pardalſ ſkinne, but notfrom the Hy2e. therbeaio, naeſ;and therfore when the Egyptianſ deſcribe a ſuperiour man onercome by an infe. Oriſ riour, they piure theſe two ſkinneſ, and ſo greatly are they afraide of Hyzenaeſ, that they runne from all beaſtſ, creatureſ and placeſ, whereon any part of their Skinne iſ £a. ſtencd :And Aeliaruſ ſaith, that the zbiſ bird which lineth vpon ſerpentſ iſ killed by the gall of an Hyzeena. Hethat will go ſafely through the mountaineſ or placeſ of thiſ beaſtſ aboade, 24/7ſ & "The naturall 4/Peypy, ſaythat hee muſt carry in hiſ band a roote of Coloquintida. It iſalſo belecued vſe of their Skinneſ. . that if a man compaſſe hiſ ground about with the ckinne of a Crocodile, an Hyzna, or Palladuſ a ſea—Calfe, and hang it vp in the gateſ or gapſ thereof,the fruiteſ encloſed ſhall not be l}ffſiſ 4 moleſted with haile or lightning. And for thiſ cauſe Marinerſ were wont to coucr the HLaycle topſ of their ſaileſ with the ſkinneſ of thiſ beaſt or of the Sea—calfe 5 and Z%7»ſ ſayth, that a man clothed with thiſ ſkinve may paſſe without feare or daunger through the mid. deſtof hiſ enemieſ : for which occaſion the Egyptianſ doe picture the ſkin of an Hyzna to ſignifie feareleſſe andacitic. Neither haue the Magitianſ any reaſon to aſcribe thiſ to any preeſtigiouſ enchauntment,ſceing that a figge tree alſo iſ neuer oppreſſed with hailenor lightning. And the truc cauſe thereof iſ aſſigned by the Philoſopherſ to be the bitternefleof it, (etaſ for the influence of the heauenſ hath nodeſtructine operation vppon bitter but vppon ſweetethingſ ,and there iſ nothing ſweete in a figge tree but onely the fruite. Alſo colly— mella writeth, that if a man put three buſhelſ of ſeede graine intothe ſkinne of thiſ beaſt and afterward ſowe the ſame, without all controuerſie it will ariſe with much encreaſe. Gentian worne in an Hyzenaeſ ſkin ſeuen daieſ in ſteede of an amulet iſ very ſoucraigne againſtthebiting of mad doggeſ. And likewiſe if 2 man hold the tongue of an Hyzena in hiſ hand, there iſ no dogge that dareth to ſeizevpon him. The ſkinne of the forchead,or the bloud of thiſ beaſt, reſiſteth all kind of witchcraft and incantation. Likewiſe Pliny writeth,that the haireſ layed to womenſ lipſ, maketh them amorouſ. And ſo great iſ the vanitie of the Magicianſ,chat they are not aſhamed to affirme that by the tooth of the vp— per iaw of thiſ beaſt on the right ſide bound vnto a manſ arme or any part thereof, he ſhallneuer be moleſted with dart or arrow. Likewiſe they ſay ,that by the genital of thiſ beaſt,and the article of the backe—bone which iſ called A#/ap#ioſ, withthe ſkinne cleauing vntoit preſerued in a houſe, keepeth he fa— mily in continuall concerd, and aboue alother, if a man carry about him the ſimalleſt and Aftuariad CXXE2MVC8Ut Ofiſ intraileſ, he thal not onely be deliuerd from the Ty rany of the higher Zuroafireſ POATES> butalſo foreknow the ſucceſſe and enent of hiſ petitionſ and ſuteſ in Law. If hiſ left foor and naileſ be bonnd vp together ina Linnen bagge, and ſo faſtned vnto the right arme of a man, he ſhal nener forget whatſoeuer he hath heard or knoweth. And if he cut off the right foot with the left hand and weare the ſame, whoſocuer ſeeth him ſhal fal in love with him, beſideſ the Beaſt. Alſo themarow of the right foor iſ profitable for a Woman that loneth not her huſband, if it be put into her noſtrilſ ; And with the powder of theleft claw, they which are anointed therwith t being firſt of al decocted in the blood of a weaſil, do fal into the hatred of al men. And if the naileſ of any beaſtbee found in hiſ mawe after he iſ ſlain, it ſignifieth the death of ſome of hiſ hunterſ: And to conclude,ſuch 5 iſ the folly of the Magitianſ, that they belecue the tranſmigration of ſouleſ, not only out of oneman into another, but alſo of man into Beaſtſ.And therefore they affirm,;thattheir ' Paphivrinſ men Symiſ and religiouſ votarieſ departing life ſend their ſouleſ into Lyonſ, and theirre— ligiouſ women into Hyzenaeſ. The 20 9 Of the goate. 439 Theexorementſ or boneſ comming out of the excrementſ when it iſ killed, are tho ught to have vertue inthern againſt magicall incantationſ. And Dewerituſ writeth, that in Cappadecia and Meſi4, by the eating of the hearbe Ther/onarcha, all wildebeaſteſ fall into a deadly ſleepe, and cannot be recoucred but by the aſperſion of the vrine ofthiſ beaſt. And thuſ much for the firſt kind, now followeth the ſecond. THE SECOND KIND OF HY XN A called Papio or Dabub. SN ct*\\\\_ G a \S — — a S* -\Cſi\ Sv 8 = 8 SSN NS __ Sna Hiſ beaſt aboundeth neare C#/27/a in quantity reſembling T'e region a Foxe, but in wit and diſpoſition a Wolfe; the faſhion iſ, | ſ | I being gathered together,for one of themto go beforethe . //TR o | fockeſinging or howling , and all the reſt , an{wering him TS)| with correſpondent tune ; In haire it reſembleth a Fox,& Ugþj their voiceſ are ſo ſhrilland ſounding,that although they wefl be very remote and farre off, yet do men heare them aſ if . they were hard by: And when one ofthem iſ ſlaine, the re— The lamen— fidue flocke about hiſ carcaſſe, howling like aſ they. made F9"fort—© & funerall Jamentation for the dead. E t iAlberttſ, y groweto bee very hungry by the conſtraint of fimine they enter into Bellerewſiſ, the Graueſ of men and eate their dead bodyeſ, yet iſ their fleſhe in S777a, Dampmſewſ, and TOt tveral! Berftuſ, caten by men . It iſ called alſo Randeloſ, Abenaum, Aldabha, Dabha, Dabab, and bhit ſ Dhoboha 4.40 Ihe Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Phoboba , which are derined from the Hebrew word Deeb or Deeba: Dabuh iſ the Arablan — The partſ & DBNE) and the Africanſ cal_l him Leſi]e]zlz , hiſ feete andng% are liketoa manſ, neither iſ it nawrall dit— hurtfull to other beaſteſ being a baſe andſimple creature. The colow of itiſ like a Beare, p*ftier. and therefore I TIudge it to be Ar&ocyon which iſ ingendred of a beareand adoggc,and they barke onely in the night time. They are exceedingly delighted with Muſicke, ſuch The manner aſ iſ vſed by pipeſ and tymbrelſ, wherefore when the hunrcrslhm.xc found out their caneſ, offhcift?— they ſpred their netſ and ſnareſ at the mouth thereof, and afterwardſ ſtriking vp theit in. < ſtrumentſ, the ſeely beaſt inconſidgrat of all fraude commeth out and iſ taken, the pic— ture hereof iſ formerly expreſſed. And there waſoncof theſe in Germanie in the yeere of our Lord 1 5 5 r.ar the Citty Auſparg to be ſeene publikely. It waſ brought out of the wilderneſſe of 22dia, it did eate appleſ, peareſ, and otherfruiteſ of treeſ, and alſo bread, but eſpecially it delighted in drinking of wine : when it waſ an hungry, it climed vp into treeſ, and didthake the bougheſ to make the fruite fall, and it iſ reported, that when'it iſ in the tree, it feareth not an Elephant, but yet auoydeth all other beaſteſ which it iſ not able to reſiſt. It waſ of a chearefullnature, but then eſpecially when it ſaw a woman, whereby it waſ gathered that it waſ a luſtfull beaſt. Hiſ foure feete were deuided like a manſ fingerſ, and the female euer bringeth foorth twinſ a male and a female together. It continually holdeth vp hiſ tayle ſhewing the hole behind , for at enery motion it turneth that , aſ other beaſteſ doc their head. It hath a ſhort tayle, and but for that, I ſhould indge it to be a kind of Ape, I know not whether it be that kinde of little Wolfe which 2e/loninſ ſaith aboundeth in C@liciaand A//a, which in the night time raueneth and ** commeth to the bodieſ of ſleeping men, taking away from them their booreſ, ſhogeſ, capſ, or bridleſ : when they are ſhut vp in the night time they barkelike doggeſ, but be— ing at libertie they line two hundredin a company, ſo that there iſ no beaſt ſo frequent aſ theſe in all Cilicia, | e Aſ for the golden Woolfe ſpoken of by Oppianuſ I deferre the deſcription of it to hiſ duc place, for they are not allof one colour, and thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the 1þ— < condkinde of Fyema. OF THE ,CROCYT A. "l He third kind ofthe Zyepa iſ called Croewta not the Gulom |I aforeſaid but another different from that, which iſ ſaid to be an Acthiopian foure—footed beaſt, becauſe it iſ ingen— dred betwixt a lioneſſe and an Fyema. Hiſ teeth are all of one bone, being very ſharpe on both ſideſ of hiſ mouth, }| and included in fleſhlike aſ in a caſe, that they may notbe dulled:with their teeth they breake any thing. It iſ ſaid alſo by Solinuſ chatit never winketh, &that theirnatureſeemeth to be tempered betwixt a dogge and a Woolfe, yet iſ it 4 2 | more fiercethen either of both,more admirable in ſtrength, and eſpecially of the teech and belly , haning power to breake and digeſtany bone : it imita— tethalſo the voice of a man to denout them, aſ iſ ſaid before in the Hycena. In the Region Dachimabadeſ, which iſ a mediterranean Countty in the Eaſt, containing great and high mountaineſ, Among ſt other wild Beaſtſ, are abundance of theſe Croeuraeſ, and at the marriage of Auzopwſ the ſonne of Sewerwſ the Emperour, to plawtillathe daugh— ter of Plantianuſ, amongeſt the ſpeGtacleſ ſet foorth for the delight ofthe beholderſ, waſ a combat betwixt an Elephant and thiſ beaſt, which before that time waſ nener to beſeene at Rome (aſ D/op reporteth) and thuſ much for the thirde kind of Hyzena, exceptI may ad thereunto thatBeaſt which the Italianſ call Zowpchazr, that iſ Lupuſ Gaguſ, a Wolſe—cat, re— 5 ſembling in face a cat with ſharpe and harmefull claweſ, being betwixt a blacke and ſported colour,and waſ called an Indianwolfe, and thiſ waſ to be publickely ſeene, in the Byſhopſ caſtleat Trent. OF ie 0 30 Theregion proportion & and other qualitieſ. Se yim \i\ . i_\ſi 35 tinae ( anS _\-ſiiſiſi w 4 A a qicman -\\\\E\R \S) T t SA\ 3S TY o q SSES afl Sthaf— ced T Tttt Sin S—— Se ot =if ſ ſ 5 Wt \ſi-ſif.fl'ſi, '-'\\'\ —=> \ — Se eittt y /)// F Situw 1 |ib de C 442 Phileſ The medici— nal propertiſ Galem Rafiſ Pliny Piiny Alberinſ Raſiſ T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OF THE MANTIC HOR A. =====> ſig Hiſ beaſt or rather Monſter (aſ Cr#e//aſ writeth) iſ bred a— /( mong the Indianſ, hauing a treble rowe of teeth beneath andaboue, whoſe greatneſſe, roughneſſe, and feete are like | a Lyonſ, hiſ face and eareſ like vnto a manſ, hiſ eieſ gray, and collour red, hiſ taile like the taile of a Scorpion of the C | earth, armed with a ſting,caſting forth ſharp pointed quilſ, "— 4| hiſ voice like the voice of a ſmall trumpet or pipe, being in J IV doclir E ?ſiſſ@ſſm \ — \:\\ſſct courſe aſ ſwift aſ a Hart ; Hiſ wildneſ ſuch aſ can neuer be . @5 tamed, and hiſ appetite iſ eſpecially to the fleſh of man Hiſ k E body like the body of a Lyon, being very apt bothto leape and to run, {o aſ no diſtance or ſpace doth hinder him, and I take it to bee the ſame Beaſt which Aw/cen calleth Marion, and Maricomorion ,with hertaile ſhe woundeth her Hunterſ whether they come before her or behind her, and preſently when the quilſ are caſt forth, new oneſ grow vp in their roome, wherew ithal ſhe onercommeth all the hunterſ : and al— though India be full of diverſ rauening beaſteſ, yet none of themaare ſtiled with a tirle of Andropephagi, that iſ to ſay , Men—eaterſ ; except onely thiſ Marrichora. VW hen the Indi— anſ take a Whelp of thiſ beaſt, they all to bruiſe the buttockeſ and taile thereof, that ſoit may neuer be fit to bring ſharp quilſ, afrerwardſ it iſ tamed without peril. Thiſ alf B 6 ſo iſ the ſame beaſt which iſ called Lencroentſ about the bigneſſe of a wilde Aſſe, being in legſ and hoofeſ like a Hart, hauing hiſ mouth reaching on both ſideſ to hiſ eareſ , and the head & face of a female like vnto a Badgerſ. It iſ called alſo Mazziora,which in the Perſian tongue ſignifieth a denourer of men,and thuſ we concludethe ſtory of the Hy%ena forher deſcrip— tion,and her ſeucrallkindeſ now followeth the medicineſ ariſing out of her ſencrallparteſ. T he Medicineſ of the Hyena. The Oyle inwhich a Fox iſ baked either aliue or dead, doth eithet altogether cure and make whole thoſe whichare troubled with the gout,if {o be that the diſeaſe or ſickneſſe be greene or new, or at the leaſtnot of to longe continuance, it doeth ſo cure them, that al— though it may Lappen to returne againe : yet it will be much more milde and gentle then before it hadbeene. But the oyle which proceedeth from Foxeſ doth notbing moredrive away the forenamed diſeaſe, then that which likewiſe iſ got or prepared out of the Hyz— na 5 for that hath an excelleot and eminent quallity of diſſoluing & diſperſing. The fieſh of the AlJaabo iſ both what and cold; and being baked with oile, doth very much help ey— ther men or women which haue their feet gouty, or haue any paine in their ioyntſ, which K\ay happen or come by the oceaſion of colde : for it iſof a flenderand diſſoluteſub— ance. The vanity of the Mag? or Wiſe—men which iſ witty in nothing but in circumſtance ofwordſ,doth ſay that th e beſt time to take Hy naeſ iſ when the Moonepaſſeth oucr the ſigne called Gey—@/, and that for the moſt part the haireſ bee allkept and preſerued. The Magi do alſo affirme that the Skinne of an Hycena being ſpread vpon'/a ſore which waſ bit— ten by a mad Dogge, doth preſently and without any paine cure the ſame. The ſamealſo being bound to that part of the head , which doth ake, will imediately drive away the pain and griefe thereof. Theſame doth very effectually and ſpeedily helpe them which aretroubled with the gout,or ſwelling in the loynteſ . The flower of Barly being mingled with the blood of an Hyz@na, and fryed or baked oucr the fire and ſo taken, doth very much aſſwage the wring— mgſ and wrinchingſ either in the gutſ or beily of a man or woman.If the bloud of an Hſi);- xna being whot be annointed on them which are infeGed with the Leprofie, it will with— out delay very effeQually curethem. E The 0 w 0 30 40 Of the Hyena. 443 The Hyzneſ fleſh being eaten doeth much auaile againſt the bitringeſ of rauenouſ Dogſ :butſome are of opinion that the liner only being caren iſ of more force and pow— er to cure or heale them. The Nerueſ or ſinneweſ of an Hyz%na being beaten toſmall owderand dried and mingledwith and Frankincence, together and ſo drunke, dothre: P%@ ſtore fertility and plenty of ſeede in that woman which before waſ barren. There iſ alſo for the biting of a rauenouſ dog another excellent remedy, which iſ thiſ, firſtto annoiut the place ſo bitten with the fat or greace of a Sea—calfe, or elſe to give it in drinke,and then to make the operationmore effectuall mingle the marrow of an Hyzxna, and oile that commeth from the Maſticke tree and waxe together, and being ſo applyed and annojnted vpon the fore it will preſently cure the ſame. The ſame marrow of the Hy— cnaiſ very good and effectuall againſtthe paincand griefe in the ſinneweſ ,aſ alſo for the looſeneſſe and weakeneſſe of the raineſ. The marrow which proceedeth from the Chine—bone of an Hyzena, being mixed with hiſ gall and old Oylealtogether; and ſo boiled vntillthey come vnto a ſoft temperanceſ Deyyyrriyſ and molliflyng medicine, being annointed vpon the ſinneweſ, doth expeliandforce away all paine of gricfe thereof whatſocuer. The ſame marrow being bound votothe backe of cither man or woman who are troubled with vaine fantaſieſ or dreamſ in their ſleep,, doth very ſpeedily and very effectually help them: The fat or greace of an Hyzena being burnt, ddoth drive away all venemouſ Serpenteſ from the place where it iſ ſo vſed. 20 Theſame being mingled with leauen and ſo being wrought into a plaiſter iſ a very good cureor remedy for the falling of the haire, or the diſeaſe called the Foxeſ cuill. The left Afrepſiſ part of the braine of an Hyzena being annointed vpon the noſtrilſ of either men or beaſtſ iſ of ſuch vertue that it will cure diſcaſeſ vpon them which are in maner mortall. For the ſterility ot barrenneſſe of women,, the eye of an Hyzena being ' mixed with Lycoraſ, and the hearb called Dill, and ſo taken indrinke, iſ ofſiuch force and power ,that in three daieſ it will make themfitfor conception. "The teeth of an Hyana either touched or bound inorder vnto thetecth of any man or woman who aretroubled with the tooth—ach, will preſently.caſe the paineand vexation thereof. One of the great teeth of an Hyzena being bound with a ſtring vnto any that are 0 troubled in the night timſ with ſhadoweſ and fantaſieſ, and which are frayed out of their ſleepe with feareful viſionſ,doth very ſpeedily and effeQually procure them eaſe and reſt, The tooth of an Hyexena (called A/zabo)being bound vppon theright arme/ ofany: one which iſ either oblivouſ or forgetfull, and hanging downe from the arme vnto the mid— azgzy; dle finger or wriſt, doth renewand refreſh their decayed memory. The pallat of an Hyzna being dryed and beaten to powder,and then mingled with Egyptian Allum,and ſo madewhor and mixed altogether, being three timeſ turncd ina— ny oneſ month which hath either fore or vicer in it, will in ſmaltime procure them reme—= dy and help of their vexation and trouble. The fleſh which groweth vpon the hinder part ofthe necke being burned and then eaten or taken in drinke, doth very ſpeedily helpe and curethe griefeand acheſ of the loineſ. 3 4 "The ſhoulderſ likewiſe being vſed inthe aforeſaid maner, doth profit much for the hea— ling of any who are vexed with any anguiſh or paine in their ſhoulderſ orſideſ: Thelungſ being dryed and taken in drinke, do caſe any either man or woman which iſ roubled with the Collick or ſtone.But being dryed into powder and mingled —with Oyleand ſoannein— ted vpon the belly, it killeth the wormeſ and expelleth allacheſ away from the belly.. The Hare being vſed intheaforeſaid manner and taken in drinke, doth eaſe and —help all acheſ; paineſ, or griefe in the body whatſocuer: The white fleſh being taken from the breaſt of an Byeena, and ſeuen haireſ, andthe genitall of a Hart, being bound altogether in the ckin orhide of a buckor a Dde, and afterwardſ hangedabout the neck of a woman which iſ in travell, will greatly hinder her forbringing forth her child. i t If ther ſhal be anyfleſh or boneſ of men foundin the body of adead Hyeena,being dried and beaten to powder, and then mixed witha certaine perfume, they will bee very excel: lentto help the gout,or driveaway the conuulſion of theſineweſ. The kell or caule wher— in thebowelſ are contained, being vſed in the aforeſaid manner andalſo mixed with oile will be a preſent remedy againſt the burningſ .and inflamationſ offoreſ; botctieſ;and vlo cerſ. The Pling, 444 IT he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The chinebone of an Hyzena being bruſedand beaten into ſmall powder, andſo.drjed and then mingled with the tongueand the right foor of a Sea— calfe, the gall of an Oxe b.. ing added thereurto , and all of them boiled or baked togither, and annointed vppon the hide or ſkinne of an Hyzena, and ſolapped about the leggeſor ioynteſ of them which are troubled with the gout, willin ſhort rime eaſethe paine, and ridde them alogether of the greefethereof, The chine—bonebeing allo beatento powder and givien in wineto—drinke, iſ very pro— fixable and neceſſary for thoſe whichare in fore trauaile or paine ot childe—birth. The firſte or eighth rib of the ſame beaſt, being beatenand mingled with a certaine perfume, iſ very goodandmedicinable for ſoreſ and botcheſ which do breake thorough the fleſh. Theirfleſh alſo being caten , doth quickly cure and healthebitingſ or tearingſ of a ra. ** uenouſ Dogge,but the liner being ſo vſed iſ more effectuall and ſpeedy, for the curinge thereof: The liner of the aforeſaide beaſtiſ alſo very curable for Agueſ or Quarterne fea. verſ being beatentopowder and drunke in Wine, before the augmentation or ſecond af. ſaultſ thereof. The ſame alſo iſ an excellentand ſpeedy remedy for the wringingſ & acheſ Dioſcorideſ. of the belly , aſ alſo for that grieuouſ and painefull difeaſe called the collicke and ſtone. For theſame diſeaſeſ, the gall of a Sea Scorpion, and of a fiſh called Z/2/9p, and of a ſea crabbe and of an Hyzena, being beaten to powder, and mixedtogether, and ſo drunke in Wineiſ a very good and effectual cureand help. The gall of an Hyzena, by it ſelf alone being rubd oranointed vponthe head ofeyther man or woman whoſe haireſ are fallen off, doth pre. ſently procurethe haireto renew and grow againe, it will alſo bring haire vp on the eie—lidſ, being rubbedthereupon. The gal of an Hyzena being mingled with hony , and annointed vpon the eieſ;doth ſhar— pen and cleare the eye ſight, and expell and drive away alblemiſheſ and ſmal Skinſ which couer the ſight of the eye, aſ alſo the paine in the eieſ called the pinne and the webbe. But Callien Apolioniuſ Pitanauſ doth ſay,chat the galot a Dog being vſed in the aforeſaide manner iſ better to cure the ſight of the cieſ then the gal of an Hyzena. Bnt Pliny whom I thinke beſt to follow ,and worthieſtto bebelicued,doth beſt allow of the Hy@enaeſ gal for the aforeſaid purpoſe, and alſo for the expeliing of certaine white ſpotteſ in the eie which doc hinder the CMearceilluſ. ſight thereof. iſ The gallof a Beare and of a Hyzna, being dried and beaten to pouder, and ſo mixed ** withthe beſt hony which iſ poſſible to bee had, and then ſtirred vp and downe a long time togither; doth helpe them vnto their eye—ſight which are ſtarke blinde, if that it bee dailye annointed and ſpred vppon the cieſ for areaſonable ſpace together : The gall of a Hyena being baked in a cruſe of Athenian hony, and mingled with the crooked hearbe Czor@,and ſo annointed vponthe broweſ or forchead of them which are purblind doth ſpeedily helpe them ; it doth allo eaſethem which are troubled with the water ortheume which fallethin the cieſ. Dewweriznſ doth alſo affirme that if the brow of either man or woman be annoin— ted with the gallof an Hyzna onely , it will drive away all.darkeningeſ, and blemiſheſ, in the eieſ, and expell the Water or thewme thereof, andalſe aſſwage the paine or greefe 40 whichmay come or happen inthem whatſoeuer it be. The marrow which proceedeth from the chine—bone of an Hyzena,being mixed with hiſ AMareeluie C"VC 3Allſ and with old oile, and then baked or boiled in acruſe vntillit come vnto a tem— perate andmollifying medicine, and then being laid or annointed vppon the ſinneweſ or Nerueſ who iſ in thoſe partſ troubled, wil thoroughly heale and cure any default or paine which may hapen thereunto. The gal of a male Hy na being pounded or beaten and bound about the left thigh of any woman that iſ barren, dothhelp for conception. The gal of the ſame beaſt being drunke in wine to the value of a dram, with the decoGtion orliquor which commeth from Spike—Lanender called oyle of ſpike, iſ a very good remedy and helpe a— gainſt the timpany or ſwelling of the belly. The gallalſo being beaten and mixed with the 59 ſtone called Eat—fleſh,;iſ very good & profitable for them which are trobled withthe gout— The milt of an Hyzena iſ very effectual to cure and heale any paine orgreefe:inthe milt of plinyſ either man or woman. The lungeſ being dryedand beatento powder, and mingledwith oile, and annointed vponthe loyneſ ofany one who iſ greeued or troubled in thoſeplaceſ» willſpeedily cure the Acheſ or griefeſ thercof. Plicy, Maycelluſ Pliny, The Oſt/)e Tbex. 44.5 The bladder of an Hyzena being drunke inwine, iſ a very good and effectuall remedy a— gainſttheincontinency of man or womanſ vrin,or the running ofthe raineſ. But if there AMarcelſug beany vrine in the blader of the Hy%na found when he iſ taken.let it be poured forth into ſome cleaneveſſell, and mixed with oyle whichproceedeth from the pulſe or corne of In— dia, and ſo drunke vp , and it will much eaſe and help them who are troubled in mind, and arefull of care and griefe. Theſecret parteſ of a femal Hyzena beaten and mixed with the rind or ſkin of a Pomgranate and taken in drinke iſ very profitable to cure the inconueni— enceſ or paine of a womanſ ſecret partſ. The genitall of a male Hyznadryed and beaten to powder, being mingled with a cer— — taine perfume, doth cure and help thoſe which are troubled with the crampe,andconuul— ſion of the ſinneweſ. The feete o£n Hyzena being taken doth heale and cute thoſe which D;ycgrdeſ are ſand—blind, and ſuch aſ hane botcheſ and ſoreſ breaking through the ſkin and fleſh, and alſo ſuch aſ aretroubled with inflamationſ or breedingſ of windein their bodieſ,, on= ly by touching and rubbing them oucr. ſ The durtor dung which iſ found in the interior parteſ of an Hyzena, being burned,and dryed into powder and ſo taken in drinke iſ very medicinable and curable for thoſe which are grieued with painful excoriatiouſ and wringingſ of the belly,and alſo for thoſe which are troubled with the bloody—flixe. And theſamebeing mingled with Gooſe—greaſeand annointed ouer all the body of either man or woman, wil eaſe them of any paine or griefe 20 which they haue vpon their body whatſocuer. The dung or filth of an Hyeena alſo beivg mingled with certaine other medicinſ, iſ very excellent to cure and heale the biceſ and ſtingingſ of crocodileſ and other venemouſ Serpentſ. The dung it ſelfe iſ alſo very good topurge and heale rotten woundſ,; and ſoreſ which are full of matter, and filthy corrup— tion. OF—FHE"ITPBENX, 7 Hiſ beaſt Dewter. the 14. iſ called Ako, and iſ there reheat— *{ I ſed among the clean beaſtſ, which although the Septuagintſ Ma \| tranſlate Tragelaphaſ, yet wee haue ſhewed already in that Ofthe name ) ſtory, that itcannor ſtand with the meaning of the Holy— ghoſt, becauſe that beaſt iſ found nowhere but neare the ry— vet Phaſiſ, or mAvabia (aſ Pliny and Diodoruſ write : ) & be— ſideſ,the Chaldey tranſlation hath Jaelathe Perſianſ Karz=e iotw—the Arabianſ Ohal, all which by Abraham Ezxr4, and Rabbi Salomon, and many other of the learned Leweſ, are inſ ier — =1 terpreted to beethe zbex, which of the Germanſ iſ called Steinbock, and theFemale of the Heluetianſ iſ called 1b/@hep and Yb/rhgeiſ/;, which wordſ ſeemeth to bederived from the Latineword 2Zbex , and the Ci/alpine French, which ſpeak Italian; dwelling about M/%/n, retain the German word for the Male, but theFemal by a proper word they call/e//v4, and ſo alſo doe the Rhetianſ. The Tranſalpine French your eſtane, the Illirianſ Ayzoroziecze, and ſome latine Authorſ call him Capricorpſ. TheGFZ— a EAionof cianſ Zxaloſ and Aeigoceroſ; Althogh Thaneneuer read Cupricorenſ to ſignific a beaſt,but Capricornuſ onely a ſtar, excepting ſome pocticall Gramariapſ who affirme thiſ beaſt tobe a monſter of the Sea; and that Pay when he fled out of Egypt with other Godſfrom T}plzm the Gi— ant, their great enemy, caſt himſelfe into the water, and waſ tranſformed 1nt0.[h!s beaſt. Butſlupiter admiring hiſ wit, placed himamong the ſtarſ neare to Zeſ, according to thiſ verſe: 30 5o Humiduſ Acigocereſ ,nee pluſ Leo tollitur vrua. Although there be ſome that affirme, thiſ Capricorne to be placedamong the ſtarreſ by Inpiter,becauſe hee waſnurſed with him. And that P27 hath hiſ hinder parteſ like a fiſh andhiſ fore part likea Goat, according to theſe verſeſ : y Tam gelidum valido de petctore frrquſ anhelanſ, Corpore ſemifero,magno capricornuſ inorbe, Where— Par}ah]rim. The atributſ of thiſ beaſt, Textor. Their Coun gricſ otbrecd and parteſ of theirbudy. 'The placeſ of their 2a— þode. Wherefore by the ſigneſ Carcer and Cupriternnz,the auncientſ were wont to vnderſtand the deſcending and aſcending 6f the ſoul: that iſ to ſay, by the Cancer or crab whichgo— ethbacke:wat d, the ſonleſ Heſcent'; by the Capricorn ,(becauſe the Goat climbeth) the ſoulſ aſcent rand therefore they placeit in the Zod/ack,y wherethe Sunne after the ſhort ddieſ beginfieth to aſcend, korho othercanſethen for that which ILhaue rehearſed. The Epithetſ that are givien vord thiſ Capricorne, doealſobelong vato the Ibex, ſuch aſ are theſe, moiſt, cold, ſwift, horrecbearer, watery,ſſrowy ,wool.bearer, rough,briſtly,carcd, 40 horrible, flerce, tropicke; frowning, ſhowring,threatning, black, anedMuch like. Toreturite therefore vnto the Ibex, althoiugh 1 doe nor diſlike theopinionotthem;, which take it to be a wilde—goat, yetTlHiatereferued it into thiſ place, becanſe of manye— minent difference ſ uſ may appeare by the ſtorie. Firſttheſe are brediin the alpeſy andare ofanadmitrable celerity, although their headeſ beeloaded with ſuchhorneſ, aſnbd other beaſtſ of their ſtature beareth. ©For I do read in Ew/Zarhjvſ; that their horneſ areſixteene palmeſ longe, orfiue ſpanneſ, and one palme, and ſometimeſ feanen ſpanſ, duch waſ the horne conſecrated at Deleſ, being two cubitſ and a ſpanlong, and ſix and twenty poundſ in weight, Thiſ beaſt ( ſach Polibz2xſ) in hiſ necke and haire iſ like a Bucke—goat, beating2 beard vaderhiſ chin of a ſpan long, aſ thicke aſ a coltſ taile; and in otherparteſ of hiſ bor +g dy reſembletha Hart. 5t Itſeemeth that hiſ Heebrew name' 2/, iſ deritied of climbing, and (J@doruſſaith) that Ibiceſ are qenr/? Ariceſ, that iſ like Birdeſ, becauſe like Fowleſ of the ayrey they enhabite the toppeſ of clifreſ, Rockeſ, and Mountaineſ,'farre from: the viewe and ſight of men. Their horneſ reach to their Burtockeſ or Hippeſ,ſo that if atany® time hee doe chaunce to fal, he cowcheth hiſ whole bodie betwixt hiſ horneſ, to breake theſtronge force and violence of hiſ owne weight, andalſo hee iſ able to receiue VPPZ[: FF 1 20@ Of the Thex. 447 hiſ hornſ the ſtrokſ of great ſtoneſ whichare ſhot or caſt at him;they are knotty and ſharp, and aſ they encreaſein age ſo do their hornſ in ſtrongneſſeand other qualitieſ vntil they be twenty yeareſ old. . Theſe beaſtſ inhabit and keepethcir abode in the topſ of thoſe Mountaineſ, where the S+2pt/@ yceneuer thaweth or diſfolueth, for it loucth cold by nature, otherwiſe it would be blind, The benefite for cold iſ agreeable to the eic—ſight and beauty. It iſ a Noble beaſt and very fat. In the of cold. {mall head, and leane Leggeſ, it reſembleth a Hart, the eieſ are very faire and bright, the colour yellowiſh, hiſ hoote clouen and ſharpe like wilde Goateſ. It farre excelleth a wilde Goate in leaping, for no man will belecue how farre off, or what long ſpace it will leape ex— Their ſcueral memberſ. , ceptheſaw it. For there iſ no place ſo ſteep or cragged that ifit affoord him butſo much ſpace aſ hiſ foot may ſtand on but he will paſſe ouer it witha very few iumpeſ or leapeſ, . The Hunterſ drive them to the ſimooth and high rockeſ, and there they by encloſing Their taking them take them in ropeſ or toyleſ, if they cannot come neere him with ſhot or Swordſ. When the beaſtſeeth hiſ Hunter which deſcendeth to him by ſomeRocke, he obſcrueth very diligently and watcheth if he can ſee any diſtance or ſpace betwixt him and the rockſ yea, but ſo much aſ hiſ eye—ſight can pierce through : and if he can, then he leapeth vppe and gettethbetwixt the Hunter and the rocke, and ſo caſteth him downe headlong and if he can eſpy no diſtance at all, then doeth he keepe hiſ ſtanding vntill hee be killed in that lace. F The hunting of thiſ beaſt were very pleaſant, but that it iſ encombred with much la— bour and many perilſ, and the reforein theſe daieſ they kilthem with Gunneſ. The inhabi— < tantſ of Valoiſ (neere the Ryuer Sedwnwſ) takethem in their infancy when they are young 39 49 and tame them, and vntill they be old they are contented to goe and come with the tame Goateſ to paſture, but in their older and riper age they returne to their former Wilde na— ture. Ariſtorle afftirmeththat they couple or engendertogether(not by leaping vpo each othery but ſtanding vpright, vpon theit hinder Legſ, whereunto Icannor conſent, becauſe the Their copulſ ioyntſ and Nerueſ of their hinder Leggeſ willnot be ſtretched toſuch a copulation ; and "** it may be that he or hiſ relatour hadſeene them playing together aſ Goateſ doe, ſtanding vpright, and ſo tooke thatgeſture in their paſtime for carnall copulation. The female hath leſſe horneſ then the male, but a greater body, and her horneſ are very liketo a Wilde Goateſ. Whenthiſ beaſt feeleth infallible tokenſ of her death, and perceineth that her end by Their beha< ſome wound or courſe of nature approcheth, and iſ at hand, it iſ reported by the hunterſ, 4"Ur**** thatſhe aſcendethtothetoppe of ſome Mountaine or high rocke.and there faſteneth one ofher horneſ in the ſame ſteepe place, going round continually and neuer ſtanding ſtill, vntill ſhe have wornethat horneaſunder, whereby ſhe ſtayethher ſelfe, and ſo atlength atthe in ſtant or point of death, breaking her horne, falleth down and periſheth. And%c— cauſe they dye among the rockeſ, it falleth out ſeldome that their bodyeſ are found, but many timeſ when the ſrow falleth from the Mountaineſ in great and huge Maſſeſ,it mee— teth with a liuing zbex and other wilde beaſteſ, and ſo opprefſing them driveth them down to thefoot of the hilſ or Mountaineſ, aſ it doth treeſ andſmallhouſeſ, whichare built yp— on the ſideſ of them. In Creetethey make boweſ of the horneſ of theſe beaſteſ. And concerning their taking the vſe of it iſ not to be forgotten how the hunter which purſuethher from one rocke to another , iſ aT o Eſ forced many timeſ for the ſafegard ofhiſ ownlife, to forſake hiſ ſtanding, and to obſerue the beaſt when it maketh force at him, and to rid himſelfe from danger of death by lea— ping vpon hiſ back, and taking faſt hold onhiſ horneſ, whereby he eſcapeth. In the houſe of Pempey wherethe mcmora%lc forreſt of Gordiannſ waſ painted, there were amonge o— Pelagoninſ, ther beaſteſ, two hundred 7biceſ, which Pompey gaue vnto the people at the day ofhiſtry— * umph,for to makeſpoilethereof at their owne pleaſure. Q g 2 The 443 The kindeſ and nameſ with the rea ſon thereof Hermolatſ G}l[im. eAlbertuſ, TVincentiuſ. The quanti— ty and ſeue— pall parteſ, T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. IT he medicineſ of the Ibex. Some do commend the blood of the Ibexto be a very good remedy againſt the ſtone of the bladder, being vſed in thiſ manner : firſt, they devide it in parteſ, and put one part of the blood, and about ſome ſixe partſ of wine Ap/az and Hony mixed together, and doc boile them both together lukewarme, and afterwardeſ they reſerue it in a cleane veſſell, andthethird day inthe morning they give it vato the party to drinke who iſ grievued, and then they put him into a Bath about noone time, and in the euening ,and thiſ order iſ to obſcrued for three daieſ together, for it will come to paſſe that in that ſpace the ſtone will be diffolued and turned into ſand or grauell, and ſo by that meaneſ will haue vent toge. ther with the vrine. There iſ alſo bythe dung of theaforeſaid beaſt, an excelent remedy againſt the Sciati— caor hippe—gout, by which that moſtexcellent Phyſitian Aw/owinſ himſelfe waſ healed, and many otherlying diſperate of remedy, which iſ thiſ 5 to gather the dunge of thiſ beaſtintheſeuenteeneth day of the Moone, neither iſ it any great matter whether you gather it in ſome part of the old Moone,for it wil haue theſame operation : you ſhal ther— foretake aſ much of thiſ dung aſ you can hold in your hand or fiſt at one time:ſo thatthe quantity of the dung be vnlike, and you ſhall put it in a morter and beateit topowder, & caſttwenty grainſ of pepper into the ſame fime, being very diligently pounded or brui. ** ſed, and then you ſhalladde nine ounceſ of the beſt hony vnto the aforeſaid mixture,and foure poundſ of the beſt wine, and mixe the potion in the manner of a compoundwine, and the dung or durt being dryed and beaten firſt, you ſhallmingle all the reſtand put them together in a veſſell made of glaſſe, that when you haue any need you may hane the medicine ready prepared, to comfort him or her whichiſ ſo affliGed. 0 OF THE ICHNEV MON \CroQamMſ Arcelinſ and Solinusſſ, doe make queſtion of thiſ beaſt (2rhnenmen) to at Q be akind ofOtter, or the Otter a kinde of thiſ zehrenmon, which! C> fffl find to be otherwiſe called Exydroſ or E#hydraſ, becauſe itlinethin 5 35 8 P*ct water, & the reaſon of thiſ name I take to be ferched ab infeſigando, Y/- TF; \W ſeateſ of wildebeaſtſ, eſpecially the Crocodileand the Aſpe,whoſe Rotſ, 39 becauſe like a dog or hunting—hound, it diligently ſearcheth out the *C*_)_ eggeſ it deſtroyeth. And for the emnity vato Serpentſ, it iſ called > 06 Ophiomachuſ. Iſidoruſ iſ of opinion, that the name of thiſ beaſt in the Greeke iſ given vnto it, becauſe by the ſauour thereof, the venom and wholſomeneſſe of meateſ iſ deſcryed., Whereof Dracontiſ writeth in thiſ manner : 48 Predicit ſuilluſ, vim cuinſcung, venenſ. The Ichneumon foretelleth the power , and preſence of all poyſorz. And it iſ called Stilluſin La— tine, becauſe like a hog,it hath briftleſ in ſtead of haire ; A/bPerz7ſ alſo doth callit Neqmeor, miſtaking it for Zchrewmon. here be ſome that call it an Indian Mouſe, becauſe there iſ ſome proportion for ſimi— litude in the outwarde forme betweene thiſ beaſt and a mouſe. But it iſ certaine, that itiſ bred in no other Nation but onely in Egypt, about the rinver A//uſ, and of ſome it iſ called "Muſ Pharentſ, Pharoeſ Moule. For Pharo waſ acommon name to all the Egyptian kingſ. There beſome that call it Thyayon, and Anſ/ehycomon, and alſo Damala,miſtaking it for thatWeaſell which iſ an enemy to Serpenteſ, called by the Italianſ Dowolſ : yet I know 5® no learned man but taketh theſe two nameſ, to ſignifie two defferent Beaſteſ. The quanti— ty ofit or ſtature iſ ſometimeſ aſ greate aſ a ſmall Catte or Ferret, and thehaireſ of it like the haireſ of a Hogge 5 the eyeſ ſmall and narrow, which ſignifie amalignantand crafty diſpoſition ; thetaile of it very long like a Serpenteſ, the end turning vppe ;1 little, > hauing Of the Ichneumon . 449 —_ hauing no haireſ but ſcaleſ, not much vnlike the taile of a Monſe. Aclianuſ affirmeth, thar both ſexeſ beare young, hauing ſeed in themſelueſ »whereby they conceive. For thoſe Thrprocre thatareouercome in combateſ one with another, are branded with a warlicke marke of ſiſiſi?z ſict)ſi,}(: Villanage, orſubieCion to theit Conquerorſ, and on the contrary ſide they whicharecon with ano= quered and oucercome infight, donot only make vaſſalſ of thein whom they onercome, *** butin token thereof for further puniſhment, fillthem with their ſeede by carnall copula— tion, ſo putting off from themſeluſ to them, the doloutſ and T ormentſ of bearing yong. When itiſ angry the haireſ ſtande ypright, and appeare of a double colour, bee— ing white and yellowiſh by lineſ or roweſ in equall diſtaunce, entermingled, and re alſo very harde, and ſharpe, like the haire of a Wolfe, the body iſ ſomething longer T hiſ firſt pitture of the Ichnewmon waſ taken by Belloniuſ, except the backe be too much elenated. 26 T he ſecond pitture taken out of Oppianuſ poemſ,,aſ it waſ found in anold manuſcript. Qqg 3 then 4.50 The Hiſtorie of Foure—voted Beaſtſ. then a Catſ, and betterſer or compactedſ the beake blacke, and ſhatp at the Noſe like a Ferret, and without a beard, the eareſ ſhort and round, the Leggeſ blacke, haning fiue claweſ vpon hiſ hinder feete, whereof the laſt or hinmoſt of the inner ſideot the foote iſ very ſhort, hiſ taile thicke towardeſ the rumpe: the tongue, teeth, and ſtpncs, are like a Catſ , and thiſ it hath peculiar, namly a latge paſſage, compaſſed about with haire,on the outſide of hiſ excrement holelike the genitallof a woman, whichit never openeth but in extremity of heat, the place of hiſ excrementſ remaining ſhut, onely being more hollow then at other timeſ. And it may be that the Authorſ aforeſaid had no other reaſon to af— firme the mutation of feeble or common tranſmigration of genitall power, beſide the 1 obſcruation of thiſ natural paſſage in male ,& female. They bring forth aſ many aſ Catſ & Dogſ, and alſo eaterberm when they are young: they line both in land and water, and rake The placeſ E benifit of both elementſ, but eſpecially in the River A/»ſ, amongſt the reedeſ, grow— of their abod ing onthe bankeſ thereof, according to the ſaying of Nemerian ; Et placidiſ Ichneumonaquarereripiſ, Inter arundineaſ ſeogeteſ. For it will dive in the Wiater likean Orter, and ſeeme to be viterly drowned, holding in The courace | breathlonger then any other foure—footed—beaſt, aſ appeareth by hiſ long keeping and itrength wnder Water, and alſoby liuing in the belly of the Crocodile, vntill he deliver forth him— of thiſ beaſt. ſelfe, by cating through hiſ bowelſ, aſ ſhall be ſhewed afterwardſ. It iſ a valiant and nim. ble creature, not fearing a great Dogge, but ſetteth vpon him and biting him mortally, but eſpecially a Cat, for it killeth or ſtrangleth her with three biteſ ofherteeth, andbe. cauſe her beake or ſnout iſ very narrow or ſmal, it canor bite any thing ,except it bee leſſe then a manſ fiſt. The proportion ofthe body iſ much like a Badgerſ,andthenoſchangeth ouer the mouth, like aſitwere alwaieſ angry ; The nature of it iſ finding the Crocodilea Hir entrante [l6ePE&» ſuddenly to run downe intohiſ throat and belly, and there to cate vppe that meate into a Grece which the Crocodile hath denoured, and not returning out againe the way it went in,ma— dile: keth a paſſage for it ſelfethrough the beaſtſ belly. The taming _And becauſe it iſ a great enemy and devourer of Serpentſ, the common people ofthat ofIchreuſ Country do tame them, andkeepe them familiarly in their houſeſ like Catſ,for theyeat ei Mice, and likewiſe bewray all venemouſ beaſteſ : for which cauſe aſ iſ ſaid before, they cal 3® it phareeſ Mouſe by way of excellency . At Alexandria they ſell their young oneſ in the Market, and nouriſh them for profit : It iſ a little beaſt, and marnelouſly ſtudiouſ of puri— ty and clenlineſſe. Belleniuſ afirmeth that he ſaw one of them at Alexazdria, among ſt the ruineſ of an olde caſtle,which ſuddenly tookea Hen and eat it vp,for itlouethall manner of fouleſ, eſpeci— Theit ſeode. ally Henſ and chickenſ, being very wary and crafty about hiſ prey, oftentimeſ ſtanding . _vpright vpon hiſ hinder Legſ, looking about for a fit booty , and when it eſpiethhiſ prey 5*:2*;*;*};*1*_1' neare him, it ſlideth ſo cloſe to the grounde, aſ iſ very admirable vntill it bee within the ning their —reach, & thenleapeth vpon it with incredible celerity, flying to the throat,& like a Lyon brc)— killethal by ſtrangling. It eateth indifferently every lining thing ,aſ Snaleſ, Lizardeſ,ca— melionſ, all kindſ of Serpentſ, Frogſ, Mice, and Aſpeſ. For Sz7abo ſaith,when he findeth an Aſpe by the water ſide, itketcheth hold on the taile; and ſo draweth the beaſtintothe Water,& receineth help from the fludſto devour her enemy , and whereaſ wehaue fide already, thatthe 2ehaeamon entreth into the belly of the crocodil, Ammianuſ, Marcelinuſ, Strabo, Pliny, and Oppianuſ, maketh thereof thiſ diſcourſe following . Whenthecroco— dile hath filled hiſ belly, and ouerglutted himſelfewith meate, he commethto the land to fleepe. PNow there iſ in Egypt, a certaine Bird called Czechillyſ, whoſe nature iſ to wait vpott the crocodile, and with her breath and claweſ gently and with a kind of delight,to pul out the remnantſ ofthe meate ſticking in the crocodileſ teeth, wherewithall the crocodile be— ing pleaſed, opencth hiſ mouth wide, to be thuſ clenſed by thiſ Bird, and ſo falling faſt a ſleepe gaping, watched all the while by the vigilent eie of the Zchyumon, perceiuing him, tobe deeply plunged, in a ſenceleſſe fecurity, goeth preſently and walloweth in ſand and durt , & with a ſingular confidence entereth intothe gate ofdeath, that iſ the crocodileſ mouth, and ſuddenly pierceth like an arrow through the monſterſ wide throat downe in— tohiſ belly. — The aſ © % a ® Of the Ichneumon. | 451 The C a 0 co» 11 £ feeling thiſ vnlooked for enill, awaketh out of fleep, and in arageor TheCliace: madneſſe, voideof counſell, runneth too andfro, farre and wide, pluriging himſelfe in— :L fct:ffi:;\ſiſi to the bottome of the riner , where finding no caſe, returnethto lande againe, and there the Ichneu= breatheth out hiſ vntolerablepoiſon, beating himſelfe with all hiſ power, ſtriving to bee D.3,..' het delinuered from thiſ vnſufferable euil.But the Ahrewmaop careth not for al thiſ, ſitting cloſe Y vpon theliuer of the Cx0 c 0 »1 1 :, andfeeding full ſweerly vppon hiſ intralſ ,vntill at laſtbeing ſatiſfied, eateth out her owne paſſage through the belly of her hoaſt. Theſelfe fame thing iſ related by PJuzarch : but I wonder for what cauſe the beaſtſhould rowle her ſelfe in ſand and durt, to enterinto the C x 0 c 0 » 11 :ſ belly 5 For fir ſt of all,if after her roling in the durt, ſhe dry her ſelfe in the Sunne, yet willnotthathard cruſt be any ſuffi— cient armour of proofe to defend her ſimall body from the violence of the Crocodileſ teeth, and beſideſ, it encreaſeth the quantity of her body, making her more vnfit to ſlide downe through the Crocodileſ narrow throate : and therefore, the Authorſ cannot be but deceaued in aſcribing thiſ quality to her, when ſhe iſ to enter into the crocodile,but rather I bclecue,ſhe vſeth thiſ defence againſt the Aſpe, aſ Ari/Zar/e ſaith, and therefore the Author ſecing her ſo concred with mudde, might eaſily be miſtaken in her purpoſe. . , . _ For it iſ true indeed that when ſhe ſeeth the Aſpe vpon the land, ſhe calleth her felloweſ, bate—wich . who arme themſelueſ aſ beforeſaid before the combat, by which meaneſ they are ſafely Aſ<ſ. preſerued, from the bitingſ of their enemieſ; or if it be true that they wallow themſelueſ in the mudde, they doe not dry themſelueſ in the Sunne, but while their bodieſ are moiſt, flide downe more caſily intothe Crocodileſ belly. Concerning their fighting with Aſpeſ, and the arming of themſelueſ aſ aforeſaid the Aegyptianſ make thiſ hyrogliphicke of the Zrbpwmon, to ſignific a weake man, that wan— techand craueth helpe ofotherſ; Plizy alſo ſaith that when the. Aſpe fighteth with thiſ beaſt, the Zchnumon turnethto her, her taile, which the Aſpe taking for deflance, preſent— ly maketh force at it, whereby ſhe iſ onertaken and deſtroyed by the Zechawmon, but in my opinion thiſ combate iſ better expreſſed by Oppianwſ. For ſaith he, the Zehywmo# coucreth her body in the ſande aſ itwereina grave, leauing nothing vncoucred but her long Serpentinetaile, and hir eyeſ, and ſoexpedeth her ene— my.When the Aſpe eſpyethher threatning rage, —preſently turning about her taile, pro— uoketh the zchnumor# to combate, and with an openmouth and lofty head doeth enter the liſt, to her owne perdition.For the Tehrwymeſ being nothing affraid of thiſ great brauado, receiueth the encounter, and taking the head of the Aſpe in hiſ mouth, biteththatoff, to prevent the caſting out of her poiſon: afterwardeſ tearing her whole body in pieceſ, al— though gathered together wound in a circle, for the ſucceſſe oftheſe two combatantſ, ly— ethin the firſtblow . Ifthe Aſpe firſtbite the 2ehpwmoen, then doth her poiſon deſtroy her aducrſary; and ſo on the contrary , if the chpwmonſ firſt bite the Aſpe—then iſ the Zchywmon conqueror, and forthiſ cauſeſhe coucrethher body aſ aforeſaid. Eurthermore, thiſ Beaſtiſ not onely enemy to the crocodile and Aſpe, butalſoto Beleenint their Eggeſ, which ſhe hunteth out by the ſagacity of her noſe, and ſo deſtroyeth them, ;y at hinaſ yet doth ſhe not eat them : whereby the mercifull providence of God doth notablye ap— ofServenteſ» peare, for the ſauegard of mankind, which in thoſe countrieſ where theſenoiſome beaſtſ ******* ** are bred , hatbprouided ſuch an enemy to deſtroy them, both egſ, & birdſ , aſ iſ friend— ly and tameable by thehand and wit of man. For which cauſe the blind Paganſ, conſecrated thiſ beaſt to Larona, and Zugina, and the Heracleopoliteſ did thinke that they poſſeſſed all religion 5 the Aggypricyſ themſelueſ did worſhip them, becauſe aſ their countrey iſ aboue allother plagued with ſerpentſ, ſo they are much eaſed by thehelpe of thiſ little beaſt. And when they dic, they doe not onely lament them, butalſo bury them religiouſly.And thuſ much for the deſcription of 30 the Zechyumon. Now followeth their medicinal vertueſ. 0 E © 2 30 © & THE: 452 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. T he medicineſ of the Ichneumon. The ſkinne of the 2rhnewmon, being dried and beaten into ſmall powder, afterwardſ mingled with wine vineger, and annointed vpon thoſe which are grieued with the yen;. mouſ or poyſonſome biteſ of the ſame beaſt, doth very effeQXually and ſpeedily cure Pliny them of theſame. The pretiouſ ſtone calledby the name of £, which iſ very hard,aſ 1, ruſ ſaith , being burned andafterward beaten or pounded into powder, iſ an excellent re medie againſt the venemouſ biting of the Zehper@men. It iſ alſo ſaid that all beaſteſ (bue eſpecially the Crocadiley doe for the moſt part hate and deteſt the ſocicetie of thiſ beaſt, There iſ moreouer a very rancke and venemouſ poyſon, which pro ceedethfrom the ge. ** nitall or groine of thiſ beaſt. The haireſ of the Tchrexmon, being taken in a certaine perfurme, doth very much helpe and cure thoſe which aretroubled or gricued with the Maw—wormeſ. The dung of a Cat, or the dung of thiſ beaſt, iſ very medicinable to be put inany ſalue, or potion, for the ſtrenghthening, and confirming of the body. The vrine or taile of an hmevmop, bein mixed with the milke of ablacke Cow, & given vnto thoſe which are troubled with that Afarclia gricuouſ diſeaſe, called the collicke and ſtonefor the ſp_nce Qſ three daieſ together in any kinde of drinke will eaſily and ſpeedily cure them of their paine, T he ſtoneſ of an Irhner— mon, being either beaten in powder, or taken raw, either in wine or any "other drinke, iſ very medicinable, and curable for the eaſing of all ſuch aſ are troubled or greined with Herodatuſ any ache, paine, or diſeaſe in their belly ; And thuſ much ſhall ſufficeconcerningthe cureſ, and medicineſ,ofthe Zehneumon. OF .THE —LAMIA. Aticenna The ſignif. Hiſ word Law/a hath many ſignificationſ,being taken ſome— ;:;Znſicxfl ſſt:lie timeſ for a be aſtof LyÞiſ, ſometimeſ for afiſh, and ſome—= timeſ for a Spectre or apparition of women called Phaitieſ. And from hence fome hane ignorantly affirmed, that ei— ther there were no ſuch beaſteſ at all, or elſe that it waſ a compounded monſter of a beaſtand a fiſh, whoſe opinionſ I will briefly ſet downe. 4///ZLophaneſ affirmeth,that he heard one ſay , that he ſaw a great wilde beaſt hauing ſeuerallpartſ reſembling ourwardly an Oxe, and inwardly a Mule, and a he 2 beautifull woman, which he called afterwardſ Empuwſ/a, idom or When Appolloniuſ and hiſ c<_:>1_npa.nion_s trauailed in a_brighc Moone ſhine nighr,thcy Phctticſ, ſaw a certaine apparition of Phairieſ, in latine called Lamiz and in Greeke Empuſe,chang— ing themſelueſ from one ſhape into _moihcr, being alſo ſometimeſ viſible, and preſent— ly vanithing out of ſight againe : aſ ſoone aſ he perceaued it, he knew what it waſ and did 2 tate it with very contumeliouſ and deſpightfull wordſ, exhorting hiſ felloweſ to do the Phileſtramſ like, for that iſ the beſt remedie againkt the intaſion of Phairieſ. And when hiſ comp2— nionſ did likewiſe raile at them, preſently the viſion departed away, Thepuetieal The Poetſ ſay ,that ZLawſ/ſ waſ a beautifull woman, the daughter of Be/ivſ and Zybif, Lamia. which Jupiter loucd, bringing her out of Zyb/a into Z#4l/e, where he begot vpon hir ma— ny ſonneſ, but Z070 iealouſ of her huſband, deſtroied them aſ ſoone aſ they wereborne, Variu; _PUDiſhing Lawia alſo with areſileſſe cſtatc Sthat ſhe ſhould neuer be able to ſleepe, but liue night and day in continuall mourning, for which occaſion ſhe alſo ſtealeth away and killeth the children of otherſ, whereupon came the fable of changing of children : 2#— piter hauing pitty vpon her,gaue exemptile eyeſ that might be taken in and out at hir own . pleaſure, & likewiſe power to be tranformed into what ſhape ſhe would : And from hence alſo came the fained nameſ of Acho, and Alphito, wherewithall women were wont to make theirchildren afeard, according to theſe verſeſ of Laucilinſ. t Terricolaſ Lamiaſ, fauni quaſ Pompily d, Inſtitucre numatremit haſ,c>e. of Of the Lamia. 453 T he true piureof the Lamia. 10 Z fflctffif%gg%?%ſſct a P eceeed" E m e > y Y. V J (/2 (Z ox" T Wt c y E )___ Wileſ" = 2 5 C (t nSv \ ?\\\ Eay Oftheſe, Angeluſ Policiannuſ relateth thiſ old wineſ ſtory, in hiſ preface vppon Ariſiazleſ Old Wine*. firſtbooke of Amalitickeſ; that hiſ grand—mothet tolde him when he waſ a childe, there ;1;5, werecertaine Lamiz in the wilderneſ, which like Bug—beareſ would eat vp crying boieſ, and that there waſ alitrle Well neare to Fe/w/am#»m, being very bright, yetin continuall 40 ſhaddow, never ſeeing Sun, where theſe Phaity women hane theit habitation, which are torbeſeene of them which come thither for water. 0 i Plutdrch alſo afirmeth, that they haue exemptile cieſ aſ aforeſaid, and that aſoften aſ they go fromhome;they put in their cieſ, wandring abroad by habitationſ, ſtreeteſ, and croſſe—waieſ ;entring into the aſſemblieſ of men ,and prying ſo perfeetly into evuery thing, thatnothing can eſcape them , be it neuer ſo well concred : you wilthinke (faith hee) that they haue the cieſ of Kiteſ, for there iſ no ſmal mote but they eſpie it, nor any hole ſo ſe— cret but they find it out,and when they come home againe, atthe very entrance of their howſethey pul out their cieſ, and caſtthem aſide, ſo being blinde at ho me, but ſeeing a— broad.lf you aſk me (Gaith heywhat they do at bome, they ſit ſinging and makinig of wool, and then turning hiſ ſpeech to the F/oreptineſ ſpeaketh in thiſ manner : Vidi/# ſat obſerro _ 5o Lamtieſ iſtaſ viri Florentini, que fee&» ſina neſciunſ, alioſ c&> aliena ſpeculantur ,ncgati atqui —+amen ſunt invrbibuſ frequenteſ verum perſonale incedunt homineſ credaſ,lamic ſunt : that iſtoſay 0 ye Florentineſ, did you eter ſce ſuch Phairieſ, which were buſicin prying in— to the affaireſ of other men , but yetignorant of their own ? Do you denie it, yet dothere Sgt:_}monly walke vppe and downe the Cittic, phairieſ in the ſhapeſ of men. There $54— A ſtory of a Phairie wo— man. (Cxlmſ The true de— finition of Phairieſ, Their nameſ and deſcrip— tiou. The Hiſtorie of Foure—ooted Beaſlſ. Therewere two women called Maghe, and Zawoe, which were both fooliſh and madde, and from the ſtrange behauiourſ of them, came the firſt opinion of the Pharteſ : there waſ alſo an auncient Lybiay woman called Zamia, and the opinion waſ, that if theſe Phz. rieſ had not whatſocuer they demaunded, preſently they would rake away live children, according to theſe verſeſ of Horare. ®— Nec ynodcungue volet , poſcatſibi fabula credi New pranſa Lamia vinum puerum extrahat aluo. It iſ reported of AMcrippuſ the Lycian, that he fell in lone with a ſtrange woman, who at that time ſeemed both beautifull, tender, and rich, but intruththere waſ no ſuch thing, __ and all waſ but a fantaſticall oftentation ; ſhe waſ ſaidto inſinuate her ſelfe into hiſ fami— liaritie, after thiſ manner, aſ he went vpon a day alone from Corinth to Ce.ntl;rta heemet with a certaine phantaſine or ſpedre like a beautifull woman,who tooke bim by the hand, andtold him that ſhe waſ a Phewigceap woman, and of long time hadloued him dearely, hauing ſought many occaſionſ to manifeſt the ſame, butcould never finde oppormnitie vntill that day, wherefore ſhe entreated him to take knowledge of her houſe which waſ in the Suburbeſ of Corinth, therewithall pointing vnto it with her finger, and ſo defired hiſ preſence: The young man ſecing himſelfe thuſ wooed by a beautifull woman waſ eaſily ouercome by her allurementſ, and did oftentimeſ frequent her company. 'Ther waſ a certaine wiſe man and a Philoſopher which eſpied the ſame, and ſpake vn— to Menippuſ in thiſ manner. 0 formoſe, & aformoſiſ, expetitic muleribuſ, ophin thalpieſ, 15 at ſe ophiſ ? that iſ to ſay, O faire Memppuſ beloued of beautifull women, art thou a ſer. pentand doſt nouriſh a ſerpent? by which wordſ he gaue him hiſ firſtadmonition, or in. cling of a miſchiefeſ; but not prevuayling, Mewipp#ſ purpoſed to marty with thiſ ſpere, her houſe to the outward ſhew being richly furniſhed with all mannerof houſhold goodſ, then ſaid the wiſe man againe vnto Mew/pp#ſ, thiſ gold, filuer, and ornamentſ of houſe, arelike to Taxzaleſ Appleſ,who are ſaid by Aurer to make a faire ſhew, but to containe in them noſubſtance at all : enenſo whatſoener you conceaue of thiſ richeſ, there iſ no matter or ſubſtance in the thingſ which you ſee, for they are onely inchaunted imageſ and ſhadoweſ, which that you may beleeue, thiſ your neate bride iſ one of the Empuſ®, called Lamic or Mormolicie wonderfull deſirouſ of copulation with men, and louing 30 their fleſh aboue meaſure, but thoſe whom they doe entice, with their veneriallmartſ, afterwardſ they devoure withoutloue or pittic, feeding vpon their fleſh : at which wordſ the wiſe man cauſed the gold and ſiluer plate and houſhold ſtuffe, Cookeſ andſeruantſ, to vaniſh all away ; Then did the ſpeGre like vnto one that wept, entreate the wiſe man that he would not torment her, nor yet cauſe her to confeſſe what manner of perſon ſhe waſ, but he on the other ſide being inexorable, compelletd her to declare the whole truth, which waſ, that ſhe waſ a Phaity, and thatſhe purpoſed to vſe the companie of Menippuſ, and feede him fat with all manner of pleaſureſ, to the entent that afterward ſhe might eate vp and denour hiſ body, for all their kindelone waſ butonely to feedevpon beautifull yong men. 40 Theſeand ſuch like ſtorieſ and opinionſ thereare of Phairieſ, which in my indgement ariſe from the preeſtigiouſ apparitionſ of Deuilſ, whoſe delight iſ to deceine and beguile the'mindſ of men with errour, contrary to the truth of holye Scripture, which docthno where make mention of ſuch inchaunting creatureſ; and therefore if any ſuch be, we will holde them the workeſ of the Deuill, and not of God, or rather I beleeue, that aſ Poetſ call Harlotſ by the name of Charibdiſ,which devuoureth and ſwalloweth whole ſhippeſ and Navieſ, aluding to the inſatiablegulph of the Sea, ſo the ZLam/e are but pocticallalligo— rieſ of beautifull Harlotteſ, who after they haue had their luſt by men , doe many timeſ denour and make them away, aſ we read of Diomedeſ daughterſ, and for thiſ cauſe allo Harlotſ are called Lzctyct,ſhcc-Wolucs, and Leporeſ, Hareſ. Toleauethereforetheſefableſ, and come to the true deſcription of the Lamia, we haue in hand.In the foure and thirty chapter of Eſay, we do find thiſ beaſt called Lilith in the H@brew,and tranſlated by the auncientſ'Zai/a, which iſ there threatned to poſſeſſe Bu— bell. Likewiſe in the fourth chapter of the Lamentationſ, where it iſ ſaid in ourEngliſh granſlation, that the Dragonſ lay forth their breſtſ, in Hgbrew they are called Ei/mnnmſi: which 50 Of the Lion. whichby the confeſſion of the beſt interpreterſ, cannot ſignific Dragonſ, but rather ſeaſ calueſ, being a generall word for ſtrange wilde beaſtſ. How be it the matter being welex— amined, it ſhall appeare that it muſt needeſ be thiſ Lamia, becauſe of her grcat breaſteſ, which are not competible,either to the Dragon or Sea—calueſ; ſothen we wil take it for graunted, by the teſtimony ofholy Scripture, that there iſ ſuch a beaſt aſ thiſ Crifoftom= #uſ Diowalſo . writeth that thereare ſuch beaſtſ in ſome part of Libia, havinga Womanſ face, and very beautifull, alſo very large and comely ſhapeſ on their breaſtſ, ſuch aſ can— notbee counterfeited by the art of any painter, hauing a very excellent colour in their fore partſ without wingſ ,and no other voice but hiſſinglike Dragonſ: they are theſwifteſt 1o of foote of allearthly beaſtſ, ſo aſ none.can eſcapethem by running, for by their celerity they compaſſe their prey of beaſteſ, and by their fraud they onerthrow men. For when aſ they ſee a man, they lay open their breaſteſ, and by the beauty thereof, entice them to come neare to conference ,and ſo hauing them within their compaſſe, they devoure andkillthem wnto the ſame thingſ ſubſcribe Celinſ and Giraldwſ, adding alſo,that there: iſ a certaine crooked place in Libianeare the Sea—ſhore, full of ſand like to a ſandy Sea, and all the neighbor placeſ thereunto are deſertſ, If i fortune atany time,that through ſhipwrack men come there on ſhore,cheſe Beaſtſ watch vppon them, devouring themall, which either endevour to trauell on the land, or elſe to returne backe again e to Sea, adding alſothat when they ſeea man they ſtand ſtone 20 ftill,and ſtir not til he come vnto them,looking down vpon their breaſtſ or to the ground, whereuponſome haue thought, they ſeceingthem at the firſt, ſight haueſuch a deſire to comenearſ them, that they are drawne into their compaſſe, by a certaine naturall magi— callwitch—crafte: but I cannot approue their opinionſ, either in thiſ or in that, whereinm. they deſcribe him with horſſeſ feet, and binder partſ of a ſerpent , but yet I graunt that he doth not onely kill by biting, butalſo by poyſoning, feeding vpen the carcaſſe which hee hath devourd : Hiſ ſtoneſare very filthy and great, and ſimel like a Sea—calueſ, for ſo 477— _flophnaeſ writing of Cleona Corior; and luſtfullman; compareth him to a Lamia, W _ S i Theſeueral kindſ of Ly— onſ. The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. they diſtinguiſh Ar#, and Zab/, making Ar/todignific a little Lion, and Zab/ſ a great one,; andin Aw».23.in thiſ verſe, containing oneof Godſ promiſeſ to the people of Z/raell for victory againſttheir enemieſ, Behold my people ſball ari/d like Labi,and be lifted vp like Aria there the Chaldey tranſlation rendereth Labz, Ze#a, the Arabian Iebuzthe Perſianſ Scher, and Awpſfer, ſaith that Labſ iſ an old Lyon . In Iob. 38. Zebai ſignifieth lionſ, and in p/4, the 57. Lebaot ſignifieth Lioweſſeſ. IntheProphet Nawp the 2. Laiſchiſ by the Hebreweſ tranſlated a Lyon, and the ſame worde E/2. the 30. iſ by the Chaldieſ tranſlated a lionſ Whelpe; and in theaforeſaid place of the prophet Naw»ſ,you ſhalfind Ar/eh for a lionſ for a lioneſſe, Cephiram for little lionſ, ZLabi and Guwr for alionſ whelp, allcontained vnder one period. The Sarizenſ cal a Lion at thiſ day Sebey, and thuſ much for the name. In the next place weare to conſider the kindeſ of Lyonſ, and thoſe are accordingto Ariſtotle two, the firſt of a leſſe and well compacted body , which have curled maneſ, being therefore called Aczo Leorteſ, and thiſ iſ more ſluggiſh and fearcefull then the other. The ſecond kind of Lyon hatha longer body , and a deeperloſe hanging mane,theſe aremore noble, generouſ , and couragiouſ againſt all kind of woundſ. Andwhen I1 ſpeak of maneſ it muſt be remembred, that all the male Lyonſ are maned, but the femaleſ are not ſo; neither the Leopardſ which are begotten by the aduſtry of the lyoneſſe : for from the ly— _onthere are many beaſtſ which receine procreation, aſ the LZegpard or Panther. Udrinuſ, Heſychinſ Achanuſ, Monſterſ breedlike Ly ONS, Celinſ. Herodituſ. There iſ a beaſtcalled Zeouzophoynſ, a little creature in Syria, and iſ bred no wher elſ butwherelyonſ are generated. Ofwhoſe fleſh if the liontaſt, he looſeth that princely po— wer which beareth rule among foure—footed—beaſtſ, and preſently dyeth ; for which cauſe they that lie in waite to kill lyonſ, take the body of thiſ Leqyzophonuſ, which may wellbee engliſhed Lion—queller, and buirneth it to aſheſ , afterwardſ caſting thoſe aſheſ vpon fieſh, whereof if the lion taſt ſhe preſently dyeth, ſo great iſ the poyſon taken out of thiſ beaſt forthe deſtru&ion of lyonſ ; for which cauſe, the lyon doth not vndeſeruedly hate it ,and when ſhe findeth it,although ſhe dare not touch it with her teeth,yet ſhe teareth it in pic— ceſ with her claweſ. The vrine alſo of thiſ beaſtſprinkled vppon a lyon doeth wonderfully harme bim, ifit doth not deſtroy him ; They are deccived that take thiſ Z/io»—quel/er to be akind of Worme, or reptile creature, for thereiſ none ofthem that render vrine; but thiſ excrement iſ meerely proper to foure—footed—lining—beaſteſ: And thuſ much I thought good toſay of thiſ beaſt in thiſ place, which I haue collected out of Ariſtotle, Pliny, Soli— mnuſ, and other Authorſ aforeſaide, although hiſ proper place be afterward among the Ire onſ enemieſ. The Chimera iſalſo fained to be compounded of a lion, a Goate, and a Dragon,accor— ding to thiſ verſe: Pprimaleo, poſtrema Draco, media ip/a Chimera. * There be alſo many Fiſheſ in the great Sea, aboutthe Ile Tupraboxeſ, hauing the headeſ of Lyonſ, Pantherſ, Ramſ,and ocher beaſtſ. The Tygerſ of Praſia are alſo engendred of Lyonſ, and are twice ſo big aſ they. There are alſo Lyonſ in India;(called Eor@ic@)about thebigneſſe of Egyptian Wolueſ.Camalypardaleſ haue their hinder partſ like Lyonſ. The Mantichorahoath the body of a Lyon : TheLewrroeura, thenecke, taile, ad breſtlike a lion, and there iſ an allogoricalthing cald (Dewonzamx Leoeninum) a lyon—Dinel, which by Belly— nenſiſ,iſ enterpreted to be anallegory ;ſignifieng the mingling together reaſonable vnder— ſtanding withmaliciouſ hurtfull actionſ—.It iſ reported alſo by Ae/ia@wſ, that in the Hand of chooſ, a ſheepe of the flock of A/e/pp#ſ, contrary tothe.nature of thoſe beaſtſ, in ſtead of a lamb brought forth a lion , which monſttouſ prodigy waſ ſeene and conſidred of ma— ny , whereof diverſ gaue their opinionſ what it did pretend, namely that Aeippmſ jofa pri— uate man ſhould effed ſuperiority and become atyrant,which ſhortly aftercam fopaſſe, for he ruled allby force and violence, notwith fraud or mercy 5 for\E®yawſ ( faith Ciier?) qjzſm/i wnlpecule, viſ leoniſ efſe videtur , that iſ : Frand iS\the property of a Fexe, and wiolente 0f a Lton. 3 It iſ reported that AMeleſ the firſt King of S47/d% did beget of hiſ concubine a lyon,& the South—ſayerſ told him that on what ſide ſocuer of the city he ſhould Lead that lion ,it ſhold remaine inexpugnable, and nevuer be taken by any man ; whereupon AMr/eſled him about euery tower and rampler of the citty, whichhee thought waſ weakeſt, exceptonely one & tower, 10 a 0 0 o 49 WW amt Of the Eyon. —=> 459 Tower, ſtanding towardſ the river T9/#,becauſe heethought that ſide waſ inuincible, and could never by any force be entred, ſcaled, or ruinated. Afterwardſ in the raigne of Cr#aſuſ,che Citty waſ taken in that place by Darinſ. & T DNA £ — Thereare no lionſ bred in Europ,cxcept in one part of Thraſia,for the Newedn,or C/e— C*T! _ @naan lion iſ but a fable; yet in Ariſoz/eſ time,therwere more famouſ & valiantlionſinthat onſ part of Europe, lying betwixtthe Riverſ Archelowſ and Neſ/wſ, then in all Affrica and Afia, For when Xerxeſ led hiſ Army through Peo»ia ouer the Riner CHAor@ſ, thelyonſ came and denoured hiſ Camelſ in thenight time ; but beyonde Aeſ/@ſ towardeſ the Eaſt, or Achillouſ towardſ the VWeſt, there waſ neuer man ſaw a lion in Europe : but in the region " go Detwixt theim which waſ once called the countrey of the Abdeziteſ; there were ſuch ſtore, that they wandered into OVizpeſ, Macedonia, and Theſſatia, but yet of purpoſe Princeſ in caſtleſ and Towerſ for their pleaſureſ ſake, do nouriſh and keepe Zionſ in Europe, where ſometimeſ alſo they breed.aſ hath been ſeene both in England and F/areace 5 Pelloponcſiſ alſo hath no Jionſ,and therefore when Hower maketh mention of Dia#aeſ hunting in the mountaineſ of Frz@p4mthwſand Taygetuſ, he ſpeaketh not of lionſ, but of Hartſ and Boreſ. Allthe countrieſ in the Eaſt and South, lying vnder the heate of the Sun, doplenti— fully breede lionſ, and except in whot countrieſ they breedſeldome, and therefore the li— — onſ of Feſſe, Temeſna, Avgad, Hippe, and Twniſ, are accounted the moſt noble andauda— tiouſ lionſ of Affrick, becauſe they are whot countrieſ. Butthe lionſ of colder countrieſ 20 have not halfeſo much ſtrengrh,ſtomack, and courage . Theſe Libian lionſ haue nothalfe ſo bright haire aſ otherſ,; their face and necke, are very horriblerough, making them to looke tearefully, and the whole collour of their bodieſ betwixt þbrowne and blacke 5 Apo— loniuſ ſaw lionſ alſo beyond Ajuſ, Hiphaſ?ſ.and Gangeſ: and Strabo affirmeth thatthereare lionſ about Mezcge, A/lape, and Aſfabore, which lionſ are very gentle, tame, and fearefull, and when the dog ſtar called (Caw# S#7inſ) doth appear,, wherof commeth the dog daieſ, that then they are droneawaie by the bitingſ of great gnatſ. Acthiopia alſo breedeth Lyonſ, being blacke coloured, hauing great headſ, long hair, roughfeet, fiery cieſ, and their mouth betwixt red and yellow. Silicia, Armenia, and Par— thia, about the mouth of z/fer,breed many feareful Lyonſ, hauing great headſ,thick and roughneckeſ and cheekeſ, bright cicſ, and eye—lidſ hanging down to their noſeſ. There arealſo plenty of lyonſ in Arabia,ſo that a man cannot trauell neare the citty Adew oner the mountaineſ, with any ſecurity of life, except he have a hundred men in hiſ company. The Lionſ alſo of Fircayia are very bold and hurtfull, and India the mother of al kinde of beaſtſ, hath moſtblacke, fierce, and cruell Lyonſ. In T47#4r/a alſo, andthekingdome of ANurſinga, and the Prouince of Abaſra, are many Lyonſ, greater then thoſe of Babilonand Siria, of diverſ and ſunrdy intermingled colourſ, both white, blacke and red. There be Verremanuſ many Lyonſ alſo in the prouince of Girg@7, ſo that for feare of them, men dare not ſleep : out of their owne houſeſ in the nighttime.For whomſoeuer they find they deuoure and teare in pieceſ. The ſhipſ alſo which go vp and downe the river, are not tyed to the bank— ſide for feare of theſe lionſ, becauſe in the night time they come downe to the Water— 49 ſide, and if they can find any paſſage into the barkeſ, they enter in, and deſtroy euery ly— uing creature, wherefore they ride at Ancor in the middle ofthe river. Thetohin Thecolour of Lyonſ iſ generally yellowe, for theſe before ſpoken of, blacke, white, ofLyonſ., and red are exorbitant : Their haire ſome ofthem iſ curled, and ſome of them long.,ſhag— gy, and thin, not ſtanding vpright, but falling flatte, longer before,; andſhorter bcþindc, and although the curling of hiſ haire be a token of ſluggiſh timidity, yet if the haire bee long and curled at the top onely , it pretendeth generouſ animoſity . So alſo if the haire be hard : (for beaſtſ that haue ſoft haire, aſ the Hart,the Hare,& the Sheep),are timerouſ, but they which are harder haired, aſ theBoare and the Lyon, are more audaciouſ and feareleſſe. a $"% . Thereiſ no foure—footed beaſte, that hath haireſ on hiſ neather eye—liddeſ like a man, but in ſteede thereof, either their face iſ roughall ouer aſ in a Dogge,or elſe they haue a forctop aſ a horſe and an Afſfe,or a mane like alion.The Lyoneſſe hath no mane at allfor it iſ proper to the male, and aſ long haireſ are an ornament to a horſeſ mane, ſo are they to the necke and ſhoulderſ of a Lyon; neither are they eminent but in their fullage , and R r> 2 there— Countrieſ of their breed. 30 cardanuſ 4.60 The ſeueral partſ. Pbctdfl'ho T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. therefore plixy ſaid : Turriger 0ſ elephantorum mir amur humeroſ, leonum inbaſ. We wonder at the Tower—bearing ſhoulderſ of Elcph;ctmtcs3 and the long hanging maneſ of Lionſ. And Acl/anuſ in orationiſ expertibuſ maripr eſtantiam guandam natur a largita eft, juba leo ant ecellit feeminam , ſerpenſ Chriſta. Nature hath honored the/Male, enen in crea. tureſ without reaſon, to be diſtinguiſhed from the female, aſ the mane.of the male Lyon 5 and the combe of the male Serpent do from their femaleſ. AGſ7#/a/Z writeth thuſ.of the li. onſ mane: + O quantum per colla decuſ, quem (parſit hanorem, Aurealunatecum ſtetit vndaiuba? A Lyon hatha moſt valiantand ſtrong head, and for thiſ occaſion, when the Nympheſ were terrified by the Lyonſ and fled into Caryſ?#ſ, the promontory whereinthey dwelled waſ called Co—/eon,that iſ the Ly onſ—head, where afterwardſ waſ built a goodly Citty. Ie fortuned aſ Themiſtocleſ went thether to manage the affaireſ of the Greecianſ, Epirieſ the Perſſan, preſident of Phryjgiſ intended hiſ deſtruction, and therefore committed the buſineſ vato one 2//#ſ,with charge that he ſhold behead Themi/focleſ,who came thither to execute that murder , but it happened aſ Themi/?ecleſ ſlept at the noone day, hee heard a voice crying outvnto him,0 Themiſfacleſ effuge leonum caput ne ipſe in leonem incurraſ: thatiſ to ſay , 0 Themiſlocleſ get thee out of the Ly onſ head, leaſtthon fall into the Lyonſ teeth : whereupon he aroſe and ſaued hiſlife. The face of a Lyon iſ not round aſ ſome haue imagined, and therefore comparedit vnto the Sunne, becauſe in the compaſſethereof the haireſ ſtand out eminent like Sunne— beameſ, but rather it iſ ſquare figured like aſ hiſ forehead, which A7#//or/e ſaith, you may chuſe whether you will cal it a forchead or Epipedon frentiſ : that iſ ,the ſuperficieſ of a fore— head : for likea.cloud it ſcemeth to hange ouer hiſ eieſ and noſe, and therefore the Ger— manſ calla man that looketh with ſuch a countinance, Nib/er of Aybilare, to be cloudy, and it betokeneth either anger or ſorrow: alſo it iſ called Seirhicwſ aſfee?F»uſ ,becauſe the Sc— thianſ werealwaieſ wont to looke aſ though they were ready to fight. The ceieſ of a Lyon arered, fiery, and hollow,not very round nor long looking for the moſtpart awry ; wher— fore the Poetſ ſtile the Lioneſſe Tocwa leema. T he pupilſ or apleſ of the eie ſhine exceeding 3 ly,infomuchaſ beholding of them, a man would thinke hee looked vpon fire. Hiſ vppercic—lidiſ exceeding great, hiſ Noſe thick , and hiſ vpper chap doth not hang ouer the neather, but meete it iuſt : hiſ mouth very great, gapiug wide,hiſ lippeſ thinne, ſo that the vpper parteſ fall in the neather, which iſ a token of hiſ fortitude : hiſ teeth like a Wolueſ and a Doggeſ , like ſaweſ, loſing or changing onely hiſ canine teeth, the tongue like a Catſ or leopardſ, aſ ſharpe aſ a file, wearing through the ſkinne of a man by licking 5 hiſ Necke very ſtiffe becauſe it conſiſteth but of one bone without ioyntſ, likeaſ in a Wolfeand an Hyzena, the fleſh iſ ſo hard aſ if it were all a ſinnew: Ther are no knucleſ or turning loynteſ in it called $p9@#»//, and therefore he cannot looke backward. The greatneſſe and roughneſle of hiſ Necke betokeneth a magnanimiouſ andliberall mind, nature hath given a ſhort Necke vnto the Lyon, aſ vnto Beareſ and Tygerſ, be— cauſe they haue no need to put it downe to the earth to feede like an Oxe, but to lift it vp to catch their prey. Hiſ ſhoulderſ and breſteſ are very ſtronge , aſ alſo the forepart of hiſ body, butthe memberſ of the hinder part do degenerate.For aſ Pliny ſaith, Leon; viſ ſum— main pectore, the chiefeſt force of a Lion iſ in hiſ breaft. The partabout hiſ throate—bole iſ looſe and ſoft, and hiſ Me#aphrewon or part ofhiſ backe againſthiſ hart (ſocalled) betwixt hiſ ſhoulder—bladeſ, iſ very broad. The backbone and ribſ are very ſtrong, hiſ ventricle narrow, and not much larger then hiſ maw. Heiſ moſtſubieG to woundſ in hiſ flancke, becauſe that part iſ weakeſt, in all other partſ of hiſ body hecan endure many bloweſ. About hiſ loineſ and hip—bone he hath but litle fleſh. The lioneſſe hath two vdderſ in the mideſt of her belley , not becauſe ſhe bringeth forth but two at a time, ( for ſomtimeſ ſhe bringeth more, but becauſe ſheaboundethin Milke , and her meat which ſhe gettethſel— dome,) and iſ for the moſt parte fleſhe turneth all into milke . The taile of a Lyon iſ FCJ 20 wa Of the ELyon. 5 461 iſ very long, which they ſhake oftentimeſ,and by beating their ſideſ therewith; they pro+ ' uokethemiclueſ to fight. The Grzciatniſ call it A%eſ bydropoſian de raon toen Leonteon pherete,tbat iſ to ſay; hunger iſ your ſhambleſ,;and you Theterrourſ are more patient of thirſtthen lionſ, although you drinke water : Notwithſtanding thiſ :xct:;ſiſi:ſi;:hſieſſ;ſi.l great valliancie of lionſ yet haue they their terrorſ,enemieſ, and calamitieſ, notonly by by they pe— _ men,, but alſo by beaſtſ,ouer whomthey claime a ſoucraigntie.We haneſhewed already . Flite in the ſtoric of doggeſ, that the great dogſ in Jr»d/a and Areania doe kill lyonſ,and for— ſake other beaſteſ to combat with them. There iſ a Tzgre alſo called Lawzani which in many placeſ iſ twice aſ bigge aſ a lion, that killeth them ,and deſpiſeth the huge quantity of Elephantſ. Marzial/ alſo writeth, that he ſaw a tame Tiger devoure a wilde lion, A ſerpentor ſnake doth eaſily kill a lion, whereof Ambroſ@uſ writethvery eleganly. Eximia leoniſ pulchritudo per comanteſ ceruiciſ toroſ excutitur;cum ſubito a (erpente oſ pet— . tore tenuſ attollitur , itaque Coluber ceruit fugit ſed leon? interfieit.The ſplendant beautie of a lion in hiſ long curled mane iſ quickly abated and allayed when the Serpent doth but life vp hiſhecad to hiſ breſt ; for ſuch iſ the ordinance of God that the ſnakewhich run— neth from a fearefull Hart, ſhould without all feare kill a couragiouſ lyon : and the writer 59 of Saint Marcelluſ life, Alla 0 men dracon.c&c— Howmuch more will he feare a great Dra+ gon,againſtwhom he hath not power to lift vp hiſ taile: And A7//Zoz/e writeth that the ly— on'iſ afraid ofthe Swine, and 24//ſ affirmeth aſ much of the Mouſe. Pliniuſ The Cocke alſo both ſeene and heard for hiſ voice and combe, iſ a terror to the lion Ambroeſe _ and Baſiliſke, and the lyon runneth from him when he ſeeth him, eſpecially from a whi(tc COCKE, aeAlianuſ Of the Lyon. 455 cockeand thereaſon hereof, iſ becauſe they areboth partakerſ of the Sunneſ qualitieſ in a highdegreeand thereforethe greater body feareth theleſſer, becauſethere iſ a more Acimal eminentiand predominant ſunny propertic inthe Cocke,then in the Lion. 1 ctſſ;ſſ;ſſſſ SL: LEucretinſ deſcribeth thiſ terxrour norably , affirming that in the morning when the _* Cocke croweth the: Lionſ betake themſelueſ to flight, becauſe there are certaine ſeedeſ in the body of Cockeſ, which when they are ſentand appeareto the eyeſ of Lionſ, they vexe their pupilſ and appleſ, and make them againſt nature become gentleand quict, the verſeſ aretheſe : t .u Quinetiom gallum notte explandentibuſ aliſ 19 ; Aroramolaracon{uetam voce vocare Quem nequennt rapidi contra conſtare leoneſ Indg, therv: itſ continuo memainere fugari Nzmizrum gquia ſunt gallorum in corpore quad am Sernizi a : quee quium ſint ocnliſ immiſſa leonum Pupillazſinterfodiunt acremdg, delorem, Prabent, vſt nequeant contra durare fereceſ. Wehaueſpoken already of the Leo@tophowmſ howſherendreth a vrine which poyſoneth the Lionſ the noyſeſ of wheeleſ and chariotſ docalſoterrificthem ,accordingto the ſay— 20 ing of Seveca, Leonipanida ſunt ad leuiſſamoſ ſtrepituſ peitora. Thehigh ſtomacke of a Lyon iſ aftaid of alittle ſtrange noice. Amthologi@ſ hath an excellentEpigram of one of Cybeſſ Prieſtſ, who trauailing in the mountaineſ by reaſon of froſt, cold, and frow, waſ driven into a Lionſ den,and atnight when the Lion returned, he ſearred him away by theſound of abell:Thelikealſo ſhall beafterward declared of Wolueſ in theirſtory. They are alſo afraid of fire, Ardenteſ#ſ faceſ,quaſ quamuiſ ſewiat horret y For aſ they are inwardly filled withnaturall fire ( for which cauſe by the Egyptianſ they were dedi— cated to Valean)ſo are they the more afraide of alloutward fire, and ſo ſuſpiriouſ iſ he AeZaneſ of hiſ welfare, that if he tread vpon the rinde or barke of Oke or the leaueſ of Ofyer he trembleth and ſtandeth amazed: Aud Democyituſ affirmeth that there iſ a certaine herbe 30 growing no where but in Armeria and Cappadecia , whichbeing layed to a Lion, maketh him to fall preſently vpon hiſ backe and lye vpward without ſtirring, and gaping with Plvinſ the vFho\c breadth of hiſmouth,the reaſon whereof (Pliry ſaithy iſ becauſe it cannotbe bruiſed. There iſ no beaſt more deſirouſ of copulation then a lioneſſe, and for thiſ catile—Zeſ AGr themaleſ oftentimeſ fall forth,for ſometimeſ eight, ten, or twelue maleſ follow one li— Their luſt of oneſſe like ſo many doggeſ one ſault bitch : for indeedetheir naturall conſtirntion iſ ſo "******** hotte, thatat alltimeſ of the yeare both ſexeſ deſire copulation,although AridZarleſec— methto be againſtit becauſe they bring forth onely in the ſpring. tog Thelioneſſe (aſ we haue ſhewed already) committeth adultery by ly ing with the Z/—: he agultery 40 bard,for which thing ſhe iſ puniſhed by her male if ſhe waſhnot her ſelfe before ſhe, oflioneſteſ. come at him, but when ſhe iſ ready to be delinuered ,ſhe flieth to the lodgingſ of the Lib— Z'ctz . bardſ,and there among thein hideth her yong oneſ, (which for the moſt partaremaleſy ?**/* for ifthe male Zion find them, heknoweth them and deſtroyeth them, aſ a baſtard and adulterouſ iſſue,and when ſhe goeth to gine them ſucke, ſhe faineth aſ though ſhee went to hunting. — By the copulation of a lioneſſe and an Hyzena iſ the Acthiopian Crocuta brought py,,.. foorth. The Arcadian doggeſ called Leoptomigeſ were alſo generated betwixt dog2% Lelinſ and Zionſ: In allher life long ſhe beareth but once, and that but one at a time, aſ Ac— Sop ſeemeth toſet downe in that fable, where he expreſſeth that contention berweene the lioneſſe and the Fox, about the generoſitic of their youg oneſ : the Foxe obieGeth: o tothe lioneſſe, that ſhe bringeth forth but one whelpe at a time, but hee on the contrary begetteth many Cubſ, wherein he taketh great delight; vato whom the lionſſe maketh thiſ anſwere : Parere /(2 guidem vnum ſed Leonem : That iſ to ſay , ſhee bringeth foorth indeede but one, yet that one iſ a Zyon:for one Zyon iſ bccterh theſn ?1 Hi thouſan 4.66 Phileſtratuſ Plhyſiologuſ Aclianuſ Endenmſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſ?ſ. thouſand Foxeſ,and true generoſity conſiſtethnor in popularitie,or mulritude; but in the gifteſ of the minde ioyned withhonorable diſcent: The lioneſſeſ of S7z/a bearefiuetimeſ in their life ; atthe firſttime fine, afterwardſ but one; and laſtly they remaine barreny Fze rodotuſ ſpeaking ofother lionſ, ſaith they neuer bearebut one; and that only once, where. of he giveth thiſ reaſon, that when the whelpe beginneth to ſtirre in hiſ damſ belly, the length of hiſ claweſ pearce through her marrix, and ſogrowing greater and greater, by oftenturningleaueth nothing whole; ſo that when thetime of littering commeth the ca— ſteth forch her whelpe and her wombe both together , after which time ſhe can nevier bear toore : but Lhold thiſ for a fable, becauſevipmer, Pliny, Oppianuſ, Solizuſ, Phileſ, and Acli. anuſ affirme otherwiſe contrary;and beſideſ experience ſheweththecontrary. When Apolloxiuſ travelledfromB4bilow, by the way they faw alidneſſe that waſ killed by hunterſ, the beaſt waſ of a wonderfullbigneſſe, ſuch a oneaſ waſ never ſeene:about her waſ a greatcry of the hunterſ, and ofotherneighboutrſ which had flocked thither to ſeethe monſter, not wondring ſo muchat her quantitie, aſthat by opening of her belly, they found within her eight whelpeſ, whereat Appoloninſ wondring alittle,told hiſ com— panionſ that they trauailing now into 7#@d/ſ ſhould be a yeare and eight montheſ in their jiourney : For the one lion ſignified by hiſ ſkill, one yeare, and the eight yong oneſ eight monetheſ. Thetruth iſ, that a lion beareth neuer aboue thrice, that iſ to ſay,fix at the firſt, and atthemoſt afterwardſ, two ata time, and Jaſtly but one, becauſe thatone pro— ueth greater, and fuller of ſtomacke, then the other beforehim;wherefore nature hauing in that accompliſhed her perfeection, giveth ouer to bring foorth any more. Within two montheſ after thelioneſſe hath conceaued,the whelpeſ are perfected in her wombe;and atſix montheſ are brought foorch blinde, weake, and (ſome are of opinion) without life, which ſo doe remaine three daieſ together,vntill by the roaring of the male their father, and by breathing in their face they be quickned,which alſo he goethabout to eſtabliſh by reaſon : but they are not worch the relating. 7/@/dorwſ on the other ſide declareth that for three daieſ and three nightſ after their litcering , they doe nothing but ſleepe, and at laſt areawaked by the roaring of their father : ſothat it ſhould ſeeme without contronerſie, they are ſenceleſſe for a certaine ſpace after their whelping: Attwo montheſ old they be— gin to runneand walke. They ſay alſo that the fortitude , wrath, and boldneſſe of lionſ, iſ conſpicuouſ by their heate, the young one containeth much humiditie contrined vnto him by thetemprament of hiſ kinde, which afterwardſ by the drineſſeand caliditie of hiſ complecCiom groweth viſcuſ and ſlimie like bird—lime, and through the helpe of the ani— mall ſpiritſ preuaileth eſpecially about hiſ braine, whereby the nernueſ are fo ſtopped, and the ſpiritſ excluded , that all hiſ power iſ not able to mouc him, vatill hiſ parentſ partly by breathing into hiſface,and partly by bellowing, drive away from hiſ braine that viſ— cuſ humour: theſeare the wordſ of Phy//ologiſ whereby he goethabout to eſtabliſhbhiſ opinion: but herein Leaue euery manto hiſ owne indgement,in the meance ſeaſon admi— ring the wonderfull wiſedome of God, which hath ſo ordered the ſeuerall natureſ of hiſ creatureſ that whereaſ thelittle Partrige can runneſo ſoone aſ it iſ out of the ſhell& the duckling the firſt day ſwim in the water with hiſ dam;yet the harmefulllionſ, Beareſ, Ty— greſ, and their whelpeſ arenot able to ſee, ſtand, or goe, for mary montheſ ; whereby they are expoſed to deſtruQion when they are young , which live vpon deſtruction when they areoide : ſo thatin infancie, God clotheth the weaker withmore honor. There iſ no creaturethat loucth her young oneſ better then the lioneſſe, for both ſheapheardſ, andhunterſ, frequenting the mountaineſ, doe oftentimeſ ſee how irefully ſhe fighteth in their defence,receauing the woundſ of many dartſ,& the ſtroakeſ of ma— ny ſtoneſ, the one opening hir bleeding body , & the other preſſing the bloud our oftbe woundſ,ſtanding inuincible neuer yeelding till death , yea death it ſelfe were nothing vn— to her, ſo that her yonge oneſ might neuer be taken out of her den : for which cauſe A— mer compareth Afax to a lioneſſe, fighting in the defence of the carcaſſe of parrecluſ.It iſ alſo reported, thatthe male willleadeabroad the yong oneſ, but it iſ not likely;that the lyon which refuſeth to accompany hiſ female in hunting will ſo much abaſe hiſ nobleſpi l'ifzas to vndergoe the lioneſſeſ duty in leading abroad the yong oneſ.InPanginſ a MOWD— taine of TÞracia, there waſ a lioneſſe which had whelpeſ in her den, the which c:)?ſſſn waſ obſerue oſ —In wa 0 9 0 10 30 5 & Of the Lion. 467 obſerued by a Beare, the which Beare on a day finding the den vnfortified both by the Gileſ abſence of the Lion and the lioneſſe, entred into the ſame and {lew the Lionſ whelpeſ ;aZ terward wentaway, and fearing dreuenge, for her better ſecuritieagainſtthe Jionſ rage, climbed vp into a tree, and there ſat, aſ in a ſure caſtleof defence =atlength thelion and lioneſſe returned both home, and finding their littleoneſ dead. in their owne—blond, ac— cordingto naturall affedion fellbothexceeding ſorrowfull, to ſeethem ſo ſlaughtered whom they bothloued ; but ſmelling outby the foote the murderer;followed with rage vp and downe vatillthey came to the tree whereinto the Beare waſ aſcended; and ſecing her, looked both of them gaſtly vpon her, oftentimeſ aſſaying to getinto the tree, bit allin vaine, for nature which adorned them with ſingular ſtrengthiandnimbleneſſe, yet had not endued them with power of climbing, ſo that the trechindring theiu fram re— uenge, gaue vnto them further occaſion of mourning, and—vnto the Beare to reidyceat her ownecrueltie, andderide theirſorrow. ova nfſ y ie: Thenthe maleforfooke the female, leauing her towatch the tree, and he like a mourn— full father forthe loſſe of hiſ children, wandred vp and downe the mountaine—making great moane and ſorrow , tillat the laſt he ſaw a Carpenter hewingwood, whoſecing the lion comming towardſ him letfall hiſ Axe for feare, butithe Nionicame very loyingly towardſ him, fawning gently vpon hiſ breaſt withhiſ forefecte, andlicking hiſface with hiſ torgueſ which gentleneſſe of the lion' the man perceating ;he waſ muchaſtontſhed, and being more and more embraced, andfawned one by the lio, he followedhim, lea— uing hiſ Axe behind him which hebadler fall, which the lion perceauing went backe, and made figneſ: with hiſ foote to the Carpenterthatheſhouldrakeit vp : but the lion perceauing that the man did not voderſtand hiſ ſigheſ, he@brought it himſelfe:in hiſ mouthanddelinered it vato hink, and ſoled hinuintohiſ Caueywherehiſ yongue whelpſ lay all embrewed in their owne bloud, andthenledhimi wherethelroneſſe didwatch the Beare;ſhe thereforeſeceing them bothcomming,,a@onerhatknew her huſbandſ purpoſe, did ſignifie vnto the man he ſhould conſider of the miſerable flaughter of her yongue whelpeſ, and ſhewing bim by ſigneſ, that he ſhoutd looke vprintothe tree—where the Beare waſ , which when the man faw he . conie@ured tharthe Beare haddoneTome grei— uouſ iniurie vato them 3 he therefore; tooke hiſ Aze and heweddowne the tree by the rooteſ; which being fo ent, the Beare tumbled downe headlong, which the twofuriouſ AZEMmMuz beaſteſ ſeeing they tore her all to peeceſ» Andaftermardſ the Itonconducted theman . * vnto the plice and worke where he fir%methim;and there lefthim, without doing the leaſt violence or harnievnto him. m40959 064 ert orm 41709 ontikm . Neither doe the old lionſ lone their yongue oneſ invaine and without thankeſ or—re— ;Zi'ſict:ſſ'}m* compence, for in their old age they requite it againe , then do the yongueoneſ :bothrdE— youg Lionſ fend them from the annoyanceſ of enemieſ and alſo maintaine and feede them by YY*ȜW $4: their owne labour :for they take them foorth to Kunting; and whenaſ their decrepite and <****' withered eſtate iſ not able to follow the game;the yonger purſuethand taketh it for him: hauing obtained it,roareth mightily like the voice of ſome warning peece; to ſignifie vn— tohiſ elder that he ſhouldcome onto dinner, andif hedelay, hee goett to ſeeke him where he left him; or elſe carrieth the prey vntohim "attheſight whereof in gratulation of namrallkindaeſſe and allo for loy of good ſuceeſſe, the oldelone firſtlickethand kiſ ſeththe yonger, and 4fterward enioy the bootie incommon betwixtthem. .—*i Adrmiitable iſ the diſpoſition of lionſ, both in their courage, focietie, and—loue, for c*\ſſſſſſſiſtctfct they lone cheir noutriſherſ and othermien with whom they are connerſant : they arenei— Ty tom_ or ther fraudillent nor ſuſpitionſ, they neuerlookeawryor. ſquinte,and by their good wilſ Tionſ to their they wouldhener belooked vpon. niid benefaGQerſ, yort b—> } +2: ot t The nature Theirclemencie in that fierce and angrynature iſalſo worthy COmmendati0un:, 21d or their reſ to be wondered at inſuth beafteſ, for ifone proſtrate himſelfe vnto them aſ itwereinpe— venge. tittonfSrhivlife, they often ſpare extept inextremitie of fa mine; and likewiſe they fel— g ſiſiſſſſ'ctj dbme deltroy women or children : and if they ſee women, children, and men topither, *" Wt theytaRethe mch whichare ſtrongeſt and refuſe the other aſ weaklingſ and vnworthic their hdtor ; and if they" fortune to be harmed by a dait or?ſtone by.anycman, accor— "diflg to the qualitie of the hurt, they frame their reuenge ; for if it wound not,they o-}fl_\y a — terrifie 4.58 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. terrifiethchunter, butif it pinch them further, and draw blood, they increaſe their pun niſhment. EW There iſ an excellent ſtory of a Souldior in Arabia, who among other hiſ colleagueſ rodeabroad on geldingſ to ſee ſome wilde Lyonſ : now geldingſ are ſo feareſull by n;. ture, that wherethey conceine any feare,no wit or force of mar iſ able by ſpurre and roqg to make him to comeneare the thing itfearech, but thoſe which arenot gelded are more bold and coragionſy andare vot arallaffraid of Lyonſ, but will fight and combatewith them. Aſthey road theydaw three' Lyonſ together, one of the ſouldiourſ ſeeing one of themſtrayand ruune away from hiſ felloweſ, caſt a Dart at him, which fellon the ground neare the Lyonſ head, whereat the beaſtſtood ſtil a little,and pawſed,and afterward went to forward'to hiſ felloweſ. At laſtthe Souldior road betwixt him and hiſ felloweſ which were gone before, andran at hiſ head with hiſ ſpear ,but miſſed it, and fel from hiſ horſe to the earth ,then the Zyon came vnto him and tooke hiſ head in hiſ mouth, which waſ armed with a Helmet, and preſſing it alitrle did wound hime, but notkill him, taking of him no more renenge, then mightrequitethe wrong receiued, but not the wrong intended; for generally they hurt nomore then they are harmed. There iſ an obſcure Authour that attributeth ſuch mercy and clemency to a Beaſte whiclvhecalleth Mcly/m , for he perſecurech with violence and open mouth ftout men, and alwhom he iſableto reſiſt, but yet iſaffraid of the crying of children.It iſ probable that hemiſtaketh itfor the Lyon, for beſideſ him, Ihaue notread of any Beaſt thatſpa. 20 —reth young children.So/izwſ affirmeththat many Captiveſ hauing bene ſetarliberty,haue met with Lyonſ aſ they returned home, weake, ragged, ſicke, and diſarmed, ſafely with— outreceiuing any harme or violence. Andin Zjb14 the people beleeue that they vnderſtandthe petitionſ and entreatingſ of them that ſpeakto them for their lineſ:for there waſ a certaine captive woman comming homeapgaineinto Gerulia her native country through many woodſ, waſ ſet vpon by ma— ny Zyonſ,againſt whom ſhe vſedno other weapon but only threatningſ and faire wordſ, falling down'on her kneeſ vnto them, beſeeching—them to ſpare her life, telling them that —ſhe waſ a ſtranger, a captive, a wanderer, a weake, a leane and loſt woman, and therefore } notworthy tobee detioured by ſuch couragiouſ and generouſ beaſteſ aſ they :at which 30 Play IZ } ayordſ they ſpared her , which thing ſhe confeſſed after her ſafereturne : thename of thiſ Selintſ: . weman waſ called Z2hſ: Although about thiſ matter there beſundry opinionſ of men, Gome making queſtion whether it be true, that the zyon will ſpare a proſtrate ſuppliant, making confeſſion vnto him that heeiſ ouercome ; yet the Romanſ did ſo generally be— lecueit, that they cauſed to be inſcribed ſo much vpon the gateſ of the great Roman pal— lace intheſetwo verſeſ ; Textor. — Iratuſrecolaſ,quam nobiliſ iva leowiſ Inſibiprofiratoſ[enegar efſefer am. 49 Itiſ reported alſo, that if a manand another beaſt be offered at one time to a lyontotale hiſ choiſe, whether ofboth he will devoure, he ſpareththe man and killeth the other beaſt. Theſelionſ are not onely thuſ naturally affeded; but are enforced thereunto by chance and accidentall hatmeſ: Aſ may appeare by theſe exampleſ following, Mextoar the S1r# cuſanaſ he trauailed in Syria metwitha Lyono, that athiſ firſtſight fell proſtrate voto him, roling himſelfevponthe earth like ſomediſtreſſed creature, whereat the man. waſ much amazed, and not vnderſtanding the meaning ofthiſ beaſt, he indeanored to runaway; the beaſte ſtillonertooke him, and met him in the face, licking hiſ footſtepeſ like a flatter?; ſhewed him hiſ heele, wherein hee did perceiue a certaine ſwelling, whereat hee tooke a good heart, going vnto the ZLyon, tooke him by the legge, andſeeinga ſplint fiickin_g 59 therein, hee pulled it forth, ſodeliuering the Beaſt from paine ; for the memory ofthiſ faQ, the piQure of the man and the Zyon were both piGured together in Syracuſiſ, Yo tillPlynieſ time , aſ heereporteth . ( The like ſtory iſ reported of E/p# the Samian,who comming into Affticke by ſhippe , and there' goyng a ſhore, had not walked fvcf)' aure Albertuſ, Of the Lion, 469 far on the land, but he met with a gaping lyon, at which being greatly amazed, he clim— bedvpinto atrce, foraſmuch aſ there waſ no hope of any other flight, and prayed vnto Bacchuſ (who in that Countrey iſ eſteemed aſ chiefe of the Godſ ) to defend him,aſ hee thoght from the iawſ of death : but the lion ſceing him to climb into thetrce ſtoodſtil,and layed himſelfe downe atthe roote thereof, deſiring him in a manner , by, hiſ heauy roa— ring to takepitty vppon him, gaping with hiſ mouth and ſhewing him a bone ſticking in hiſ tecth, which through greedimmeſie he ſwallowed, which didſo paine bim;that he could . eate nothing : at the laſtthe man percciuing hiſ mind,(moued by a miracle )layed aſide all feare, and came downe to thedumbe—ſpeaking diftrefled Zyon, and eaſed him of that ro miſery : which being performed he not onely ſhewed himſelfe thankefull for the preſent time, butlike the beſtnatured honeſt man, never forſooke ſhore, but once aday came to ſhew himſelfto the man hiſ helper, during the time that they abode in thoſe quarterſ;& therefore Elpiſ did afterward dedicate a temple vnto Bacebhwſ in remembrance thereof. And thiſ ſeemeth to me moſt woouderfull, that Zyonſ ſhould knuow the vertue of menſ curing handſ abone other creatureſ,& alſo comevnto thenragainſtnature & kind, but ſo much iſ the force of euil & pain,chat it altereth al courſeſ of } ſauage mindſ and creatureſ— When' Androcleſ a ſeruant ranne away from a Senator of Rome, becauſe he had com— Ar/izanſ mitted ſome offence, (but what hiſ offence waſ I knownor)and cameinto Affrica, leauing Srli. the Cittieſ and placeſ inhabited to come into a deſert region : Afterward when Avdreceſ ,__ . , 20 had obtained a maiſter being Conſull of that prouince of Affrica, hee waſ compelledby fiox; of ch.y daily ſtripeſ to runaway, thathiſ ſideſ might beefreefrom the bloweſ of hiſ maiſter, and or— : went into the ſolitary placeſ of the fieldeſ, and the ſandeſ of the wilderneſſe : and if hee fhould happen to ſtand in neede of meat, he did purpoſe to end hiſ life by ſome meaneſ or other : and there hee waſ ſo ſcortched with the heate of the ſunne, that at laſt finding out a caue, he did coucr himſelfe from the heate of it therein : and thiſ caue waſ a lyonſ den.But after that the lyon had returned from hunting, (being very much pained by rea— fon of a Thorne which waſfaſtened inthe botrom. of hiſ foote)y vitered forth ſuch great lamentation and pittifull roaringeſ; by reaſon of hiſ wound, aſ that itſhould ſeeme, hee did wantſome body to make hiſ moane vnto for remedy 5 atlaſt comming to hiſ caue, 30 and finding a young man hid therecin, hee gently looked vpon him,and began aſ it were toflatterhim, andoffered him hiſfoote, and did aſ wellaſhee could pray him to pull out the peece of ſplint which waſ there faſtened. F But theman atthe firſt waſ very ſore aftaid of him;jand made no other reckoning but of death : butafter that he ſaw ſuch a huge ſauage beaſtſo meekeand gentle, beganne to thinke with bimſelfe, that ſurely there waſ ſome ſore on thebottom of thefoore of the beaſt, be cauſe he lifted vp hiſ foote ſo vato him, and then taking couragevnto him, lifted Gy;2,," vppethe lyonſ foot, and found in the bottomofit a great peece of ſplint, which he pluck— ed forth, and ſo by that meaneſ ealed the lyon ofher paine, and preſſed forth the matter which waſ in the wound , and did very curiouſly without any great fearethroughly dryit, 40 and wipe away the bloud : thelyon being caſed ofhiſpaine, laidehimſelfedowneto reft, putting hiſ foot intothehandſ of Apdracleſ. Lenioet Withthe which curethelion being very wel pleaſed, becauſe he handled him ſo curti— ouſly and friendly , not onely gaue him for a recompence hiſ life, but alſo went daily a— broad to forrage and brought home the fatteſt of hiſ prey. Axdreacleſ whom all thiſ while (euenfortheſpace of three yeareſy he kept familiarly, without any note of cruelty or e— uillnature in hiſ den,and there the man and thebeaſtliuved mutually at one commonſ, the man roaſting hiſ meate in the whotſun, and thelyon eating hiſ part raw, according to kinde. When he had thuſ lined by the ſpace of three yeareſ, and grewweary of ſuch a habitation , life, and ſociety, he bethought himſelfe of ſomemeaneſ to depart ; and ther— fore on a day when the lion waſ gone abroad to hunting, the man tooke hiſ iourny away 0 from that boſpitality, and after he had trauailed three daieſ (wandering vp and down) he waſ apprehended by thelegionary ſouldierſ : to whom he told hiſ long life and habitati— on withthelyon,and how he ranne away from hiſ maiſter a ſenator of Rome, which when they vnderſtood, they alſo ſenthim home againeto Rome to the Senator. And bcing receined by hiſ maiſter, he waſ guilty ofſo greatand foule faultſ, that he waſ Sf con— Pling. 4.70 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. condemned to death, and the manner of hiſ death waſ, to be' torne in peeceſ of Wilde beaſtſ.Nowthere were at Romein thoſe daieſ many great, fearefullcruell, and rauening beaſteſ, and among them many Zyonſ,it fortunedalſo that ſhortly afterthe taking of the man, the aforeſaid Libyan zyon with whom heclined long, ſeeking abroade for hiſ companion and man—friend, waſ taken and brought to Rome, and there put amongthe reſidue, who waſ the moſtfierce, grim, fearefull,and Sauage, aboneallother in the.com, pany,andthe cieſ of men'were more faſtened vppon him thenalbother beſide . When Anidracleſ waſ brought forth to hiſ execution, and caſtin among theſe Sauage beaſteſ, thiſ Lyon atthe firſtſight looking ſtedfaſtly vppon him,ſood ſtilla little, and then came toward him ſoftly , and gently ſmelling to himlikea Dogge, and wagging hiſ taile : the poore exanimat and forlorne man not looking tor any thing but preſent death, trembled and waſ ſcarce able to ſtand vpright in the preſence of ſuch a beaſtſ notonce thinking vp— onthe Lyon thathad nouriſhed himſolong, but the Beaſt Acceprſ beneficii; memoreymind. fullofformerfriendſhip» licked gently hiſ handſ and legſ, and ſo went round about him touching hiſ body, andſo the man began to know him;and bothof them to congratulate eachother in thatthcirimpriſoned occurrence; and to ſignifie to all the bebolderſ their former acquaintaunceand conuerſation, the man by ſtroking and kiſſing the Lyon; and the Lyon by falling downe proſtrateatthe manſ feet. In the meane time a Parda Icame with open mouth to denoure the man, but the lion roſe vp againſt hir and defended hiſ old friend, and ſhe being inſtant,the lion tore her in pieceſ to the dgrcat admiration of the be— Gitiu, holderſ, aſ it could not othe rwiſe chuſe. Then C2/ar which had cauſed thoſe ſpeGacleſ, ſent for the man, andaſked him the cauſe of that ſorare and prodigiouſ an event;who in— continently rold him the ſtory before expreſſed. The rumorwhereof waſ quicklyſpreda— broad among the people, and tableſ of writing were made of the whole matter, and 'final— Appion. _lyallmenagreed that itwaſ fit that both themanand the lionſhould be pardoned andre— ſtored to liberty : and afterward (ſaith Appio2)all the people (and beholderſ of thatcome— dy)were ſutorſ to the Senat for the accompliſhmentthereof, and fo the man waſ pardo— ned, and the lion waſgiven voto himfor a reward or fuffrage ,, who led him vp and downe the ſtreetſ in a leamne or ſlip, Ardzacleſ receiving mony, and thelion adorned withflowerſ and garlan dſ, and all men that ſaw or met them, {aid + re eſf /eo hoſpeſ hominiſ, hic eft homo 39 medi cuſ leoniſ, Here goeththe lion which waſ thiſ manſ Hoſt,and here iſ theman whichvoaſ thiſ lionſ Phiſitian.Seneca alſo in hiſ book de beneficyſ,out of Gellinſ writethſomuchofanother lion:andindeed there iſ no man or other beaſt more fixed and conſtant in their loue and frendſhip, ormore ready to renenge thebreach of amity and kindneſſe, then iſ a lion ; aſ A ſtory of — o Porſ er » ; acniorini i theluſtice or appeareth by thiſ ſtory of Exdemuſ,who writeth of a certaine young man,that he nouriſh— Lyonſ. edtogethermany yearſ,adog, a beare, and a lyon, who lived in perfect peace and con— cord without breach, ſnarling,or apparance of anger.On a day aſ the bear and dog play— edtogether and biting one another gently , it happened that the dog faſtened hiſ teeth(in ſporty deeper then the beare could digeſt, and therefore preſently he fell vpon him, and with hiſ claweſ tore out the ſoft part of hiſ belly, whereof he preſently dryed: The lyon 4 ſitting by ,and ſeeing thiſ cruelty and breach of loue, amity, and concord, among them that had ſolong linued together , fellto be inflamed to renuenge that perfidy ; and like a true king of beaſtſ, meaſdred the ſime meaſure to the beare aſ he haddone to the dog,andſer— ued him with the ſſmeſauce, tearing him inſtantly in pieceſ. There iſ alſo in thelifeof S. Ierome, attory of alion; that waſ curedby him, aſ your haue read: before the lyon waſ by Elpiſ ,and that th ebeaſtin gratitutde of that goodturne,did ever afterward follow the afle which brough him home hiſ carriage and proviſion through the woodſ 5 Tillat laſt theli on beingaſleepe, the Aſſe waſ ſtollen away , for ſorrowwherofthe lion put himſelfe in the Aſſeſ ſtead ,to beare burthenſ aſ hedid + within ſhort time after he found out the Aſſein thetheeuſ ſtable,and broght him home again: but I am of Z74/»@ſ mind concerning thiſ Diodora;, NOLY 5that the Author thereof tooke vpon him towrite wonderſ and not truth. The Kingſ ofEgypt and Syria did keepe tamelionſ, toaccompany theminto their warſ ,which were The clemen led about their owne bodieſ for their guard and coſtody, againſtall perilland inuaſion. i/ f?;;ſiiſi'ſiſis It iſ alſo very pertinent to thiſ place, to expreſſe the clemency of theſe beaſteſ towardeſ men, " themartyrſ andſeruantſ of leſuſ Chriſt, both mcm and women, that ſo we may obſcrgc & the we 0 a 0 Alctianuſ, Textor. 0 oa Of the Lion. 4.71 the performance and accompliſhment of that propheſie PAL 91. Thaſ they ſbould walke vpenthe Aſpe and the Cockatrice, and ſofely tread vpon the lion and the Dragonſ Thiſ weare not to attribute to the natureof lionſ,but rather to the ouerruling hand of ourſ and their Creatorwhojin remembrance of hiſ own promiſe,and aduancement ofhiſ own glory,ſto— peththe mouth of lionſ, and reſtrainech all violence both of linuing creatureſ and cle— mentſ, yet I wilnot impoſeany neceſſity of belecuing theſe ſtorieſ vpon the reader,for I my ſelfereportthem not for trueth, but becauſe they are written . When S. Anthony Textorſ wentabout to make a graue for the interring of the carkaſle of Pagle the firſt Awacherite, and wanted a ſhoucllor ſpade to turne vp the earth, there cametwo lionſ, and with their claweſ opened the earth ſo wide and deepe, that they performed therein the office of a " good graue—maker. The prophet Daniell waſ caſt intothe lionſ, to whom (according to the Babilonian ſtory) waſ given for their diet euery day, two condemned men, and two ſheep, and yet by power of the almighty whom beeſerued; the Angell of the Lord came downand ſtoptthe Lyouſ mouthſ, fo that in extremity of hunger, they never fo much aſ made forceat him, but ſar quietly at hiſ feet like ſomany little dogſ 5 by which meaneſ he eſcaped all periland tormentſ of death. Elewtherinſ being caſt to the lionſ at the com— maund of Adriaſ the Emperor, and Prifea a noble Vergin, atthe commaund of Clawdiuſ Geſar, both of them in their ſeuerall timeſ, tamedthe vntamed beaſteſ and eſcaped death. Macariuſ being inthe wilderneſſe or Mountainſ, it fortunedthat a Lioneſſehad a den neer. vnto.hiſ cell, wherein ſhe had long nouriſhed blind whelpſ, to whon the holy man (aſ it iſ reported) gaue the vſe of their eie and ſight ; the Zioneſſe requited theſame with ſuch g9ta— tification aſ lay in her power, for ſhe brought him very many ſheepe—ſkinſ to cloth & co— ner him.Pzr/ipmwſ,and Evelicianuſ, Thracuſ,Vitiuſ, Modeſtuſ, and Creſcentia, allmartyrſ, be— ing caſt vntolionſ, receined no harme by them atall, but the beaſtſ lay down at their feeſ and became tame, gentle, and meeke, not like themſelueſ, but rather like Doneſ. When a beareand a lion fell vpon Tec/ſ the vergin, a Martyr, a Lioneſlecameand fought eagar— ly in her defenceagainſt them both. When Mazz/»ſ the Daughter of a Confſull could not be terrified or drawen from the Chriſtian faith by any imprilſonment, chaineſ or ſtripeſ, nor alured by any faire wordſ to ſacrifice to Apole, there waſ a lion broughtforth to her, atthe commaundement of Alexanderthe Emperor, to deſtroy her ; who aſſooneaſ hee faw her, heelay downe atherfeet wagging hiſ taile, and fawning in a loning andfearefull manner, aſ if he had bin more in loue with her preſence, then deſirouſ to lift vp one of hiſ haireſ agaiaſther. The like may be ſaid of Daria a virgin in the daieſ of Nymer/iax the Em— peror, who waſ defended by a Lioneſſe, but L'ſpare to blotmuch paper withtherecital of thoſe thingſ(which if they betrueyyet the Authorſ purpoſe in their allegatio iſ moſt pro— phain,vnlawfuland wicked,becauſe he thereby goethabout to eſtabliſh miracleſ in ſaintſ, which are long agone ceaſed in the church of God. Some Marty'rſ alſo hane beene denoured by lyonſ, aſ 2724#/@ſ Biſhopof 4@##/ack, 54 men deneu. Fyruſ and Perpetua, he vader Traian the Emperor, and they vnder Valerian and Galien#$ red by Ly— 4? In holy ſcripture there iſ mention made of many men killed by lionſ. Firſt of all it iſ me— **— morable of a prophet 1 Kz2g 13. that waſ ſent by the almighty vnto Zeroboam,to cry out a — gainſtthe alterat 2&4hc//, and him that ere&ed that altar, with chargethat he ſhould nei— ther eate nor drinke in that place, Afterward an old prophet which dweltin that place hearing thereof, came vnto the Prophet, and told him that God had commaunded him to goe after him,and fetrch him backe againe to hiſ houſe to eateand drinke ; wherewithal being deceiued, he came back with him contrary to the commaundement of the lord: given to himſelfe : wherenpon aſ they fat at meate , the prophet that beguiled him, had a charge from God to propheſiea— gainſthim,,and ſo he did : afterward aſ he went homeward a lion mer himand killed himy 5" andſtood by the corpſ, and hiſ Aſſe not cating of them tillthe old prophet cameandtook himawayto bury him. = Inthetwentieth chap. of theſame book of Kingſ,ther iſ another ſtory ofa prophet,which aſ hee went by the way hee met witha man, and bade in the name of the lord to wound $1f 2 and 20 472 Acliaunſ Plutarch Men that have ouer— dome lionſ. The Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. and ſinitc him, buthe would nor, preferring pittic before the ſeruice of the Lord : well (ſaidtheProphet vnto him)ſceing thon refuſeſt to obey the voice of the Lord,zehold ſ Loone aſ thow art departed., a lyon ſhallmeete thee and deſtroy thee : and ſo it cameito paſſe; for being out of the preſence of the Prophet, a lion met him and tore himin peeceſ, The idolotrouſ people that were placed at Zere/aleoy: by the King of Babel were de. ſtroyed by lionſ, and vato theſeexampleſ of God hiſ indgementſ, I will adde other out of humane ſtorieſ. Paphageſ aKing of Ambracia, mceting a lioneſſe leading her.whelpeſ, waſ ſuddenly ſet vpon by her and torne in peeceſ, vpon whom Ouid madetheſeverſeſ : Fwta tibi accurrat patrio populariſ in arno, Sitg, paphageſ canſaleana nctiſ. Hyaſ the brother of Hyadeſ, waſ alſoſlaineby alioneſſe. The people called Arpraciote in Affrigne, doe moſtreligiouſly worſhip alioneſſe, becauſe a notable tyrant which did oppreſſethem waſſlaine by ſuch an one., There iſ a mountaine neere the river Zyduſ ( Called Zarenſy of a ſhepheard ſo named, which in that mountaine did moſt ſuperſtitiſ ouſly worſhippe the Moone and contemned all other Godſ, hiſ ſactificeſ were perfor— med in the night feaſon 5 at length/ſaiththe Author) the Godſ being angry with him, ſent vnto him a couple of lionſ whotore him in peeceſ, leauing no monument behind but thename ofthe mountaine for the accident of hiſ cruell death. The inbabitantſ of that mountaine weare in their eareſ a certaine rich ftone ( called Clitoriſy which iſ very blacke, and bred no where elſe but in that place: There iſ a known ſtorie of the two Babilonian louerſ, Pyra%zſ and Thiſbe, who in the nighttimehad.co— uenanted to meete at a fountaine neere the ſepulchre of M/mmſ, and TÞyſhe comming thither firſt, aſ ſhe ſare by the fountaine, a lioneſſe being thirſtic, came thither to drinke water (afterthe ſlaughter of an Oxe: ) at the ſight whereof, Thyſbe ranve away and let fall her mantell, which the lioneſſe finding tore it in peeceſ with her bloudy teeth. Afterward came Pyramuſ, and ſeeing her mantell all bloody and torne aſunder, ſuſ— peeing that ſhe thatloued him, being beforehim at the appointed place hadbeene ki— led by ſome wilde beaſt, very inconſiderately drew forch hiſ ſword, and thruſt theſame through hiſ owne body ; and being ſcarce dead, Thyſbe came againe, and ſecing her lo— ver lye inthat diſtreſſe, aſ one loue, one cauſe, one affeGion had drawen them into one place,and there one fearehad wroughtone of their deſtructionſ, ſhe alſo ſacrificed her ſelfe vpon the point of one and the ſame ſword. There waſ alſo in Septhia a cruell tyrant (called Theredom@ſ) who waſ wont to caſt men to lionſ to be denoured of thein , and for that cauſe did nouriſh priuately many ly— onſ: vnto thiſ crueltie did O@/@allude, ſaying : Therodomantcoſ vt qui ſenſere leoneſ. Andagaine: Nontibi Thefodomaſ eruduſg, vocabitur Atreuſ. Vato thiſ diſcourſe of the bloud—thirſtie crueltieof lyonſ, you may adde the puiſlant lory of them, who both in ſacred and prophane ſtorieſ areſaid to haue deſtroyed ly— onſ. When Sampſon went downe to Thimnath, it iſ ſiid, that a yoong lyon met him roaring to deſtroy him, but the ſpirit of the Zord came vpon him, and he tore itin pee: ceſ like a Kid ſ wherein he waſ a type of Ieſuſ Chriſt, who in like fort being ſet vpon by the roaring of the divell and hiſ membetſ, did withfacilitie (through hiſ diuinenature) veterly ouerthrow the malice of the dinell; Afterward Samp/op went downe tothe Phi— liſtine— woman whom he loned , and returning ,found thatBeeſ had entred into the lionſ earcaſſe and there builded, whereupon he propounded thiſ riddle, 4 woraci exiunt tibiſ; & ex fort; egreſſueſt dulcedo : Out of the denourer came meate, and out of the ſtrong came Sivecteneſſe. Eenatb I0 20 0 o 49 Of the Lion. 473 Benaia the ſonne of ehviadaone of Dawidſ worthieſ, did in the Winter time in the ſnow killa Lion in a ditch : Dew/d himſelfe feeding hiſ fatherſ flocke, ſlew a Lion and a Beare which had robbed him of a Lambe. , ; It iſ reported of Perdicaſ (one of the Captaineſ of Alexapder) a valiantman,that he wentalone into the den of a lioneſſe, but rot finding her therein, tooke away her whelpſ and brought them— foorth to the admiration of all men ;—for the lioneſſe both amongthe Barbarianſ and Grzecianſ iſ accounted the ſtrongeſt and moſt vnreſiſtable beaſt. In the Neortherne partſ of the world(ſaith Paw/apiaſyneere the monumentſ of Alemeſ and Figl— Ieſ;the ſonneſ of Zerculeſ, there waſ a Eyon which ſlew many people; and at laſt alſo 10 Exippuſthe oncly ſonne of King Megazemſ ; whereat the King grew ſo ſorrowfull and an— grie, thirſting after reuenge, that he promifed tothe manhar could ouercome him hiſ daughter and the ſucceſſion of hiſ kingdome : There waſ a noble and valiant yong man called Alcarh=e, who vndertooke the acion andkilled the Lion, for which thing he ob— tained both the wifeandthekingdomeaccording tothe promiſe of Megarem;andthere= forein thankfulneſſeof ſo good fortune, he builded there a famouſ Temple dedicating itto Diama, Agrotera, and Apollo Agrauſ. ighe Wehane ſpokenbefore of Zyſ/macheſ, vato whom we may adde polydamaſ the Sco= #xſzan, who in all thingſ he tooke in hand, propounded vnto himſelfe theexample of Her— caleſ, and did killa Lion of monſtrouſ ſtature and bigneſſe, being vnarmed; in the moun— 20 taine O}pmpuſ, aſ at another time he held a Bulſ leg ſo faſt in hiſ hand,; thatvwhile the beaſk ſtrouc to looſe himſelfe heleft the hoofeof hiſ foote bchinde him. When—Herewleſ waſ a boy or ſtripling, heſlewthe TemmeſGar— Lion in Texmeſſuſ amountaine of Beor/a, and pulled off hiſ Skinne which enerafter he wore inſtecde of—a cloke. Thiſ Lion iſ allo called a N.emean Lion, yet ſomeare of opinion that the Newean Lion,waſ another called allo the Melerchxern, becauſe having killed theſonne of Molorchwſ he perſwaded Aerchleſ which did ſoiorne with him,co take renenge in hiſ ſtead. — From whence the Newanz ſacrificeſ iſ performed by the Greecianſ in remembrance of Hereauleſ ,and Lucan maketh mention of thiſ New2ea@ Lion inthiſ verſe ; Si (Gnnmpyremaereſ Nemaum [analeonem. 3 frik 30 And vpon the den of thelion waſ a Temple builded and dedicated to Zapifer Nemrewſo Varinuſ ſpeaking of the Newean lion telleth thiſ ftory thereupon, whereaſ ſiithhe, the ſaidlion could not bekilled with any ſword, dart, or other ſharpe inſtrument; Herewleſ tore him in peeceſ with hiſ handeſ without allweaponſ , and afterward worehiſ Skinne in: remembrance of that viGorie : Ithappenedon a day , that aſ he trauailed he met with hiſ friend Te/zmom who wanted children, of whom he waſ intreated that he would make ſacrifice to Jupiter for him in that weede or garment, and alſo intreate for a ſonne.Zer— culeſ yeelded ,and taking the golden cenſer in hiſ hand, made the ſacrifice and ſupplicati— on toupiter, that Telamor might haue a ſonne, and aſ he ſacrificed.an Eagleflew oner them, which in Grecke iſ called Ac2oſ, whereforewhen Eerealeſ ſaw the ſame, he char= o ged Telamon that hiſ ſonne ſhould becalled Ac#eſ 5;that iſ, an Eagle :and ſoche waſ,but afterward he waſ called A/2x, and wore continually that Zyonſ ſSkinne which waſ given him by Hexcaleſ:and therefore he could not be wounded : But I take thiſ to be but a fable; rather thiſ waſ the truth. Aiax waſ a valiant ſouldier, and ſo warily carried himſelfe in many battaileſ, that hencuer receined wound, but at laſt he ſlew himſelfe with hiſ owne ſword thruſting it thoroughhiſnecke ;and for thiſ cauſe it waſ fabled , that he neuer could bewounded,by a vertue (aſ waſ imagined)conferred on bim from FHercrleſ. Orid hath a wittie fiction of one Phy/ixſ , who fell ſo deepely in loue with a little boy , that at hiſ pleaſure he tooke'maſ ny wilde beaſtſ, birdſ, and Lionſ,and tamed them to the delight of hiſ Amaſzxſratlength the inſatiable boy required him to doe the like by a Bull, which hee had onuercome, o but Ph//inſ denying thatrequeſt, the boy preſently caſt himſelfe downe from a rocke, and waſ afterward turned into a Swanne 5 by which the Pocr declareth, the vnmer=ſ full regard which wretchleſſe and childiſh mindeſ beare towardeſ the greateſt laborſ and deſertſ of the beſt men ,andthat in ſuch ſociety a man iſ no longer. beloned, rhzn E Sf 3 Siiraivheg 3 474 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. hegiveth, alſo the deniall of oneſmallrequeſtcannor be endured/although a: thouſand good turneſ hane gone before it, wherefore ſuch mirideſ may wellcbe tranſ ufed into Swarmeſ, which for{ake their ownerſ and breederſ,going and ſwimming farrefromtheir firſtand proper habitation: i 54& FT#} 1 Alin reanſi— &* B butmentionedſuch a ſtory, itiſ nor exorbitant to adde in one worde:other gured into HHCtiOnſ Of metamorphoſing, and tranſfiguring menihto Lionſ, —which we promiſted in Lionſ accor— the former diſcource of Amaſiſ & Apollontuſ when I'diſcourſed of thefoode of Lionſ, dialee Andfirlt of all, it iſ not—voproper toremember thei caution of Trmanſthe Pythago: — __ zeanm who affirmeth;that the mutation of meninto.beaſteſ: iſ but a fiction brought in for theterrour of wicked: men , who ſeeing they cannovbe reſtrained from vicefor the loucof well doing, they may be deterred for the feare of puniſhment ; which iſ meant by ſuch beaſtly tranſmigrationſ. 5 i | Olympiodo— . RAnudthiſthing iſ thought to be moſt conſonant to the opinion of—Plazo, for in tonſi— Tiſſ derationof the habite and not of thekinde, a good—houſe—keeperr aitd charitablenou— riſhing man iſ ſaid to be tranſmuted into a tree: he which Jiveth by eatching andſnarch: ing, toſerue hiſ owne concupiſcence into a Kite, he which forloue of military diſcipline and martiallafſaireſ into a lion, he thatwaſ a tyrant and a devouter of men into a dra— gon: & Empedecleſ alſo ſaid, that if a man depart thiſ naturall life andibe—tranſmuted in:— to a bruite beaſt, it iſ moſt happieſt for him if hiſſoule goe into a lion: but if helooſe hiſ kindeandfenceſ and betranſimuted into a plant, then iſ it beſt to be meramorpho— 20 ſed into a Laurell or Bay tree. And for theſe cauſeſ: we read! of Z%ppo chaunged.:into a lion, and Aflaſ into a lioneſſe, andthe like I might ſay of Proze@ſ; of the Cureteſ,and otherſ :andgenerally all the Eaſterne wiſfe men beleeued the tranſmigration of ſpiriteſ from one into another, andinſinuated ſo much to theirſymmiſtſ and—diſcipleſ; making little or nodifference betwixt the natureſ of men and bruite beaſtſ. Therefore they taught that all their Prieſtſ after death were turaed into lionſ, their Porplyrim religiouſ Veſtalſ or women into Hyznaeſ; their ſertiauntſ orminifterſ in the templeſ about the ſeruice of their vaine Godſ into Croweſ and Rauenſ, the fatherſ of familieſ into Eagleſ and Hawkeſ, but thoſe which ſerued the Zeozzricke aulterſ , meaning Ne. meaſaera inflitui 2d for the hononr of Herewleſ,were tranſformed dinuerſly: but of ali theſe we haue already expreſſed our opinion, namely to beleeue and thinke ſo baſely of man— kind,created after godſ image aſ once to conceine .or entertaine one thought of ſuch paſ fing of onefromanother, were moſtlewdand diabolicall; but to conceaue themaſ alle— gorieſ by which the mindeſ of the wiſemay be inſtruced in diuine thingſ, and God hiſ indgementſ; aſ t iſ pocticall.ſo iſ it not againſt any point of learning or good religion. The vnder— Aſ that which hath beene already expreſſed moſt notably deſcribeth the nature of ſtanding of the lion, ſothatſucceedeth hath the ſame vſe for the maniteſtation of the dignityand Eye=ſ . honor of thiſ beaſt.Firſtof all therefore to begin with hiſ vaderſtanding, and to ſhew how neere hee commeth to the natureof man. It iſ reported by Eliqnwnſ, that in Zybia they retaine great friendſhip withmen, enioying many thingſ in common with them, and # drinking arthe ſamewellor fountaine. , Andif atany time he being deceiued in hiſ hunting, and cannot get to ſatiſfie hun— ger, then goethhe to the houſeſ of men, and there if he finde the man at home, he will enter in and deſtroy, except by wit, policie, and ſtrength, he be reſiſted 5 but if he finde no man but onely women, they by rayling on him: and rebukeſ drive him away, which thing argueth hiſ vnderſtanding of the ZLybiar tongue ſ The ſunime and mannet of thoſe ſpeecheſ and wordeſ which ſhe vſeth to afftight and turne them away from entering houſeſ, are theſe : Art not thon aſbamed being a Lyon the King of beaſteſ to come to my poore cottage # beggemeate at the handeſ of a woman? and like a ſicke man diſtreſſed with the weakneſſe of 59 bodie to fall intothe handeſ of a woman , that by her mercy thou mayeſt attaine thoſe thingeſ which arerequiſite for thy owne maintenance and ſuſtentation? yearather thon ſhouldeſt keept in the mountaineſ and line in them,,by hunting the Hart and other beaſtſ pronided in nature for the lionſ foodle, anduot after the faſhion of little baſe doggeſ, come and line in houſeſ to take mcate at the handſ of men and women. | # y 0 we £ Of the Lion. 475 By ſuch like wordſ ſhe enchanteth the mind of the Zyon, ſo that like a reaſonable perſon oucrcome. withſtrong argumentſ, notwithſtanding hiſ owne want, hunger,and extremi— ty , he caſtecb hiſ eieſ to the ground aſhamed and afliced, and departeth away without a — my enterptiſe ::Neither ought any indiciouſ or Wiſe—man thinke thiſ thing to be incredi— hle, for weſce that Horſſeſand Doggeſwhichlineamong men, and hearetheit continu— allvoiceſdo diſcernealſo their termeſ of threathing, chiding, &rating, andſo—ſtand in aweofthem; and therefore the Lyonſ of Libia, whereof many are broughtvplikeDogſ inholrſeſywithwhoim thelittlechildrenplay, may wellcome to the knowledge and vnder— ſtanding of the Maxzyſſantongue. hae : It iſ alſo ſaid they haue vnderſtanding of the parteſ of men and. Women, and diſcerne 7,, . Afer, ſexeſ, and are indued with a naturallmodeſty ,declyning the ſight of womenſ priuy partſ, And vnto thiſ may be added the notable ſtory of a Lionin England(declared by Cramrzi— #ſ) which by euident tokenſ waſ able to diſtinguiſh betwixt the King, nobleſ , and vulger ſort of people. : ieaire Aſthe eareſ of Horſſeſ, area note of their generofſity, o iſ the taile of lyonſ, when it in: 10 2.. flandeth immoucable, itſheweth that he iſ pleaſant, gentle, meeke, vnmoned, and apt to thereof. endure any thing, which falleth out very ſeldome, for in theſight of men hee iſ ſeldome foundwithout rage. In hiſ anger;hefirſt of all beateth the earth withhiſ taile, afrerwardſ hiſ owne ſideſ , and laſtly leapeth vponhiſ prey or aduerſary. Some creatureſ vſe to wag a o their taileſ , when they ſee ſuddenly thoſe whichrare of theiracquaintance, aſ Doggeſ; butlyonſ and Bulleſ, do itfor anger and wrath. The'reaſon both ofone and other,iſ thuſ rendered by Approdi/uſ. t ſ The back—bone of ſuch beaſtſ iſ hollow, and centaineth in it marrow , which reacheth go the taile, and therefo re there iſ in the taile a kinde of animall motion, and power . For which cauſe when the beaſtſeeth one of hiſacquaintance, hee waggeth hiſ taileby way of ſalutation for the ſame reaſon that men ſhake handſ,for that part iſ the readieſtand nimb— leſtmember of hiſ body ,but Bulſand lionſ ,,are conſtrained to the wagging of their taileſ forthedame reaſon that angry men are light fingered, and apt to ſtrike : for when they cannot haue ſufficient power to revenge, they either ſpeake if they be men,or elſe barke . if they be Doggeſ, or ſmite their ſideſ with their taileif they belionſ; by that meaneſ vt— teriog the furie of their rageto the eaſe of nature, which they cannot to the full deſire of reuenge. B%c we haue ſhewed before that thelion ſtriketh hiſſideſ with hiſ taile, for the ſtirring vp of himſelfe againſt dangerouſ perilſ, for which cauſe Zagaz compareth Ceſ/ar in hiſ warlike expedition, at Phar/alza againſt hiſ owne Countrey , before hiſ paſſage ouer R#— bicon;(whileſt he exhorted hiſ ſouldiorſ)to a lyon beating himſelfe with hiſ owne taile ,itz theſeverſeſ; & £O Adamartin, Albertuſ, Inde mor a ſoluit belli , tumidumi, per amnem, Signa tulit propere : ſient (quallentibuſ armiſ, : Acſftifer a Lybicſ, viſo leo cominuſ hoſte, 49 Subſedait dubiuſ, totam dum colligit iram, Mox vhiſe ſewa {timulanit verbere canda, Erexitd inbaſ, vaſto & grane murmur hiatu. Infremuit : tum torta leniſ } lancea Maur}, Herear gut latum ſubeant venabulapeituſ, Per ferrum tanti ſecuruſ vulneriſexit There2aremany Epigramſ, both Greeke, and latine, concerning the rage, force, frend— ſhip, and ſociety of lionſ with other beaſtſ, whereof theſeare moſt memorable :thefirſt of a Harewhich throughſport crept through the mouth of a tamelion, whereof Martiall writeth in thiſ ſort, teaching her to fly to the lionſ teethagainſt the rage of Dogſ, in theſe 5"© verſeſ» — _ Rictibuſ hiſ taunroſ, non eripuere magiſtri, Per quoſ predafugax, itg, reditg,lepuſ, Quodg, neagiſ mirum, velotior exit ab hoſte . Nec nthil a tanta, nobilitate refert . Tutier in [ola, non eſt cum eurrit arena. Neſ 47 6 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ Nec caneſ tanta.conditur ille fide, 5 Sivitarecanum mor ſuſ, lepuſ improbe gu 2riſ Ad qua confugiaſ, or a leoniſ habeſ. $ There iſ another of the ſame Pocetſ, about theſociety of a Ram anda Lyon;wherein he— wondereth;that ſo different natureſ ſhould line together, both becauſe the Zion forgeſſ teth hiſ prey in the woodſ,and alſo the Ramthe eating of green grctaſſc, and through hun— ger, both of them conſtrained to taſtof the ſame diſheſ, and yetthiſ iſno otherythemthar which waſ foretold in holy ſcripture, the lion and the lambe {hould play togither,the E— pigram iſ thiſ 5 E o t — iyart Maſſili leofamaingi, peicoriſg, martituſ, Lanigeri, mirum qui poſwuere fide, Ipſe licet videaſ, caneaſtabulantur in vna, Et pariter ſociaſ, carpit vter g, dapeſ Necfeetu nemorunſ gandent, nec mittibuſ herbiſ, Concordem ſaciat, ſedrudiſ agna famem. Eorwehaue ſhewed before, thata zyon in hiſ hunger, willendure.nothing, but fearcely falleth vpon enery prey, according to theſe verſeſ of Mapuiliuſ, a Quiſ dubitet, vaſti que {it natura leoniſ? Quaſiy, ſuo dittet ſigno naſcentibuſ arteſ? Zile nowaſ ſemper pugnaſ, nonabellaferarum, wApparat, &r pecorum, viuit ſpolio, at g, rapiniſ, Hec habet , boc ſtudium poſteſ, ornare ſuperboſ Pellibuſ, & captaſ domilaiſ configere predaſ, be bant! Atg,parare metum ſylaiſ, C» vinere raptſ. 5i duking — Concerning the bunting and taking of lionſ,che Indian dogſ,and ſome other ſtreng hun— of Lyonſ. terſ doſet vpon Bulſ, Boreſ,and Lionſ, aſ we haue ſaid before in the Hiſtory of dogſ:but dogſ, whichare begotten of Tygerſ, amongſt the Indianſ, and thoſe of Hyreania, eſpeci— ally doe thiſ thing , aſ it iſ noted by Marzmap concerning the fortitude and courage of a dog,ſaying » 70 20 E+ truculentuſ Helor certare leonibuſ audenſ. a In the provuince of Ging@/ which iſ ſubie> to the great Cham king of Tarzayia;thereare o very many lionſ whichare very great and cruell : and in that region the dogſ areaccoun— redſo bould and ſtronge, aſ they will not feare to intuade or ſet vpon thoſe lionſ 5 And it oftentimeſ commeth to paſſe , that two dogſ and a hunting Archer ſitting on hor{e—back dokilland deſtroy a lion, for when the Dogſ perceiue the lion to beenearethem, they ſet vpon him with great barking , but eſpecialy when they know themſclueſ backed with the help of a man, they do not ceaſe to bite the lyon in hiſ hinder partſ and taile: and although thelion doth oftentimeſ threaten them with hiſ frouning and terrible c ountinance.tur— ning himſelfe thiſ way and that way, that hemight teatethem in pieceſ, notwithſtanding the dogſlooking warilie voto themſelueſ,; arenot eaſily hurt by him, eſpecially whenthe ;9 hunting Horſe—man following them, dothſeeke the beſt meaneſ to faſten hiſ Dart in the lion, when hee iſ bitten of the Doggeſ, for they are wiſe enough to conſider their owne help. Bur the Lyon then flyeth away , fearing leaſte the barking and howling of the dogſ, may bring more company both—of men and dogſ vnto him. And it he can,,hc betraketh himſelfe rightly vnto ſome tree,that he may enioy the ſame fora place of defence for hiſ backe, then turning himſelfe, with a ſcornfull grinning hee Panluſ, _fighteth withall hiſ force againſt the Doggeſ. Butthe Hunter comming nearer vppon Denetuſ, hiſ Horſſe ceaſeth,not to throw Darteſat the lyon vntill he kill him : neither doththelyon feele the force of the Darteſ vntill he beeſlaine, theDoggeſ doe vnto him ſo greathurte and trouble. If a lion be ſeene in the time of hunting, being aſhamaed to turne hiſ backſ, he dothalitx tleturne away himſelfe if oppreſſed witha multitude : but being remoucd from theſight ofthe Hunterſ, he doth haſtily prepare for flight, thinking that hiſ ſhame iſ cleared by concealinghimſelfe ; and thereforeknoweth that the woodſ canmnot gine teſtimony of thiſ feare. © He Ofihe Eim. | 477 He doth want in hiſ flightthe leaping which he vſeth in purſuing other beaſteſ. He doth craftily diſſemble and aboliſh hiſ footeſtepſ to deceinue the Hunterſ : Po/lux affirmeth that if a Hunter do fight againſtany wilde Beaſtſ,aſ2a Bore, he muſt not ſtraddle withhiſ Leggeſ wideabroad, butkeepe them together within the compaſſe of a foote, thathee may keepe hiſ ground ſtedfaſtand ſure, enen aſ the manner iſ in Wreſtling: for there are fome wilde Beaſtſ aſ Pantherſ and Lyonſ, when they are bunted,and arehindred in their courſe by their Hunterſ, if they be any thing neare them doe preſently leape vppon them. : But the ſtroke which iſ given oughcto be directed or leauelled right againſt the breafſt, and the hart, for that being once ſtriken iſ incurable. (Xexgphorſaithin hiſ book concer— " ning Hunting, that Lyonſ,Lecopardſ,Beareſ, Pardalſ, Lynxeſ, and allother wilde Beaſtſ of thiſ ſfort which inhabite deſert placeſ ( without Gzreece,)are taken about the Pangean Mountaine, and the Mountaine called Cyrznſ aboue Macedopy:ſome in Olpmpuſ, Myſiuſ, and Pirdwſ : ſome in My/ſiaboue Sjria, and in other Mountaineſ which are fit for the bree— ding and nouriſhing Beaſteſ of thiſ kind. But they are taken partly in the Mountaineſ by poyſon of Wolfe—bane,for the ſharpneſſe of the Region (becauſethat can admitno other kind of hunting aſ by Netſ and Doggeſ) but mingling thiſ with that thing in which envery wildebeaſt delighteth, the Hunterſ doe caſt it vnto them neatethe Waterſ . There are ſome alſo which do diſcende downe in the night time, who are taken in regardthat all the "2 0 waleſ by which they ſhould aſcend vnto the Mountaineſare ſtoppedwith Huntſmen.and weaponſ, neither being ſo excluded, are they taken without great perill vnto the HuntC men. There are ſome alſo which make pitfalſ or great ditcheſ in the ground to catch Lyonſ, . in the middeſt whereof, they leaue a profound ſtony pillar, vpon which in the night time they tye a Goat, and do hedge the pitfalſ round about with bougheſ, leaſt that it might be ſeen,leauing no entrance into the ſame. The lyonſ hearing the voice of the goat in the night, doe come vato the piace and walke round about the hedge, but finding no place where they may enter, they leape ouer and are taken'. Oppiazeſ'doth deſcribe three man— ner of waieſ of hunting Lyonſ, which alſo Be//a/arz@ſ doeth, but he doeth deſcribe them , in my mind very vaſkilfully. 3"% . Thefirſt ofthem iſ rehearſed out of Xenophon, we wilknotwithſtanding alſo adde there— ;Th"; t ot unto Oppiaruſ : for he doth vary in both of them. The ſecond iſ made byfire, the third by P Tt ay Whipſ or ſcourgeſ. The firſt manner of way iſ thereforeaſ G#/#wſ for the moſtpart tranſ= lateth ont of Oppiareſ, in thiſ ſort . Where theHunterſ of Lybia doe obſerue the beaten path or way of the Lyon going out of hiſ den vnto the Water, they make a broade and round ditch neare vnto it, in the mideſt wherofthey raiſe vp a great pillar, vpon thiſ they hang a ſucking Lambe, they compaſſe the Ditchround about witha Wall of ſtoneſ hea— ped together , leaſt that when the wilde beaſt commeth neare hee perceineth the deceiteſ 'The Lambe being faſtened vppon the top of the piliar, doth incitate the hunger=ſtaruen hart of the Lyon by hiſ bleating ,therefore comming neare,and not being able to ſtay lon— 49 ger about the Wall, he doth preſently leap ouer and iſ receined into the vnlooked for ditch, in which being now included,; he vexcth hiniſelfe in allthe parteſ of hiſ body ,lif— ting himſelfe vp rather at the lambe then to go forth, and being againe onerthrowen, he maketh force again. Theſe thingſ G//»ſ afirmeth. > The other manner of hunting by fire, iſ the deuiſe of the people whichinhabite about the Ryucr Exphrazeſ, who hunt lyonſ after thiſ manner. The Hunterſ ſome vpon ſtronge Horſſeſ, and ſome vpon gray Horſſeſ with glaſen eieſ which aremore ſwift,& which dare onely meete lionſ, when other Horfſeſ dare not abide the ſight of lyonſ : other being on foote do ſet the Netſ.Three of them being placed in the fnareſ remaineto vnderprop the Netſ, with ſtaieſ and ſtakeſ : one in the middle, all the reſt in both the bendingeſ or tur< 5" ningeſ of the ſime, ſo that he which iſ in the middle can heare both the otherat the far— ther endeſ : ſome ſerting round about in warlike manner, holding pitchy fire—brandſ in their right handſ , and bucklerſ in their left : for with thoſe they make a very great noyſe. and clamor ,and with ſhewing their fire—brandeſ, putthe wilde beaſteſ in anincredible feare: Therefore when allthe Horſe—men being ſpred abroade inuade the beaſteſ,and the Theſecond. 478 T he Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. and the footemen likewiſe doe follow with a greatnoiſe: the lyonſ being terrified with the crying out of the hunterſ, not daringto reſift, gineplace : and aſwell for feare of fixe, aſ of the men they runneintothenetſ and aretaken : like aſ fiſheſ in the night time, by fire are compelled and driven into the netſ of thefiſherſ. The third, The third manner of hunting iſ done with leſſer labour : thatiſ, foure ſtrong men ar. med with ſhicldſ, and fortified all oucrwith thongeſ of leather, and hauing helmetſ vp. on their headeſ, that onely their eyeſ, noſeſ, and lipſ may appeare , with the brandiſhin of their firebrandſ ruſtle in vpon the lyon lying in hiſ den : he not bearing thiſ indigna. tion, with a gaping and open—wide mouth; thelightning, or buining of hiſ eyeſ being inflamed, breaketh foorth into agreat roaring, and with ſuch celeritie ruſtleth vpon thema, aſ if it were ſome ſtorme and tempeſt: they with a firmeand: conſtant courage abidethat brunt: and in the meane while that he coueteth to catch any of them in hiſ teeth orclaweſ, another of them, prOuokſſing him behinde doth ſimite him, and with a loudenoiſeor clamour dothvexe him: then the lyon in haſt leauing the firſt which he had taken in hiſ mouth, turneth backe hiſ mouth vnto the hinder : each of them in ſe. verall partſ doe vex him: but he breathing foorth warlike ſtrength, runneth here and there, thiſ man heleaveth, thathee ſnatcheth vp on high ; at the length being broken withlonglabour, and wearied, foaming in hiſ mouth, he lyeth downe ſtraight vpon the ground, andnow being very quiet they binde him, and take him from the earth aſ if he were a Ramme. I'doc alſo finde that lionſ areintricated in ſnareſ or trapſ, boiuind vnto 20 ſome poſte or pile, nigh vnatoſome narrow place,by which they were wont to paſſe. But PZy ſaith, that in timeſ paſt it waſ a very hard and difficult manner to catch ly. onſ, and that che chiefeſt catching of them waſ in ditcheſ. In the mountaine Zay92%/@ſ in Affricke, the ſtrongeſt nnen doe continuall hunt lyonſ, the beſt of which being taken they ſend them vnto the King of Zeſſe : and the King orde— reth hiſ hunting in thiſ manner: in a very ſpaciouſ fielde there are little hutcheſ built of that height aſ aman may ſtandvpright in them: euery one of theſe iſ ſhut with a litcle gate, and within ſtandeth an armedman,the lyon being rayſedand forced to that place the doreſ being open ; then the lyonſeeing thedoreſ open, runneth with great force, which being ſhut againe, hee iſ pronuoked to anger : Afterward they bring a 30 Bull to combate withhim, wherebeginneth a cruellfight, in which, if the Bull ſhallkill the Lyon, the honour of that day iſfiniſhed, butif the Lyon onercome him, all the armed men which in number are almoſt twelue, comefoorth to fight againſtthe lyon; Some of them hauing boare.ſpeareſ of ſixe cubitſ long : but if the armed men ſhall Leo Afer ſeeme to ouercomethe Zyon, the King commaundeth thenumber to be diminiſhed, and if on the contrarie, the armed men be ouercome: theKing with hiſ Nobleſ ſitring in an high place toſeethe hunting kill the Lyon with Croſſe—boweſ, but itcommeth often timeſ to paſſe, that enuery one of them iſ ſlaine before the lyon. Thereward of thoſe which combate with the lyon iſ ten golden Crowneſ, rogether with a new garment : neither are any admitted vnto thiſ fight, except they are of a moſt 40 Pregnant and vallorouſ ſtrength, and borve in the mountaine Zalzg, but. thoſe which doe firſt of all prouokeand gine on—ſet to the lyonſ ,are borne in the mountaine Zaroniuſ. To conclude thiſ diſcourſe of the hunting of lyonſ. If it fortune that hee be fol— Piy lowed withmen and doggeſ, yet in the plaine fieldeſ heeneuer mendeth hiſ pace, aſ ſome writerſ affirme, oftentimeſ turning about and looking vpen hiſ purſuerſ, aſ it were to daretheirapprochment, and to give defiance vnto all their pretenceſ : yet hauing gotten the thicketſ, helookethto hiſ ſafetic with hiſ beſt celeritie and ſpecde, ſo wiſely tempeering hiſ feare before hiſ foeſ, that it may ſeeme a boldneſſe, and ſo politiquel)' ehiio when hethinketh no eye ſeeth him, no longer difſembleth with himſelfe, but runneth 5Þ o flhoion a\ſiwayhkc a ſ_eareſull Hart, or Hare, laying downehiſ eareſ, and ſtriking hiſ taile betwixt hiſ leggeſ, like a curre—dogge, ſeldome timeſ looking behinde him, but moſt ircfully vpon thoſe that come before him, eſpecially if he receaue from them any wound, where— vnto Horace alluded ſaying : Quid v# nonerea me intucyiſ, aut vt petita ferro bellua? m & Io Of the Lion. 479 Inhiſ courſe he ſpareth no beaſt that he meetech, but falleth vpon it like amad—dogge, (except ſwine) for he iſ afraid of their briſtleſ 5 and ifa man doe not attempt to wounde him, he willſnatch at him, and onerthrow him, but doce him little harme 3 according to theſe verſeſ of Onid: Corporamagnanima ſatiſ eft proſtraſſe leoni Pugna {uum finem,cum tacet hoſtiſ habet. t He obſerueth moſt vigilantly the hand that— woundeth him, and laboureth to take re— uenge for the euill turne, and ſo itremaineth in hiſ minde, till opportunitieſend him hiſ aduerſarieſ head : aſ may appeare by thiſ ſtory following. iſd When 2ub4King of Mooreſ,(the father of him which when he waſ a child waſ brought ©®®* in triumphe) trauailed through the wilderneſſe with anarmy of ſoudierſ, torepreſſe cer— taine rebelſ in one part of hiſ dominion, which had ſhaken off hiſ gouernement, andto ſettle them againe in their firſtallegiance.Therewaſ a nobleyoong fouldier inhiſ traine, of the race of thenobilitie, and not only very ſtrong, butalſo well experienced in hun— ting, and by the way he with other of hiſ felloweſ met with a Lion, at whom he preſently caſlt adart, and gauchim a fore wound, but not mortall 5after the wound receaned, the lyon went away guiltie of hiſ hurt, and the yoong men did not proſecutehim, but went forward ontheir iourney: After a whole yeare, the King returned homeward the ſame way, and hiſ company that he carried with him, among whom waſ thiſ yoong gallant that woundedthe ly on : The lion having recovered hiſ hurt, and hauing hiſ denne neere the way and place of hiſ harme, perceiuing a returne of the armie , went furiouſly among them and found out the man whoſe hand had wounded him, and could not by any help of hiſ aſſociatſ be ſtayed from a reuenge, buttore the yoong ſouldiour in peeceſ, and departed away ſafe, for the reſidue ſeeing hiſ rage,ran all away ,thinking him to be ſome deuill in the likeneſle of a Lyon. After the taking of Lyonſ, it followeth that weſhould intreat of their taming, andfirſt Of the ta— ofall, they which are tamed in their infancy while they are whelpeſ, are moſt meeke.and T —* gentle, full of ſport and play , eſpecially being filled with meate; ſothatwithout danger,a * ſtranger may meet withthem : but being hungry, they returne againeto their ownena— ture» for aſ it iſ true (which Sercea ſaith) Leonibuſ manuſ magiſter inſerit oſenlatur Tigrim Juoſ euſtoſ , that iſ to ſay. The maiſter of a Lyon may put hiſ hand in hiſ mouth, and the keeper of a Tyger may kiſſe him,yet iſ it alſo to be feard, Tigreſ leore/g, nunquam feritatem exwint, aliquado ſibmittunt, cv cum minime expeEmertſ, toruitaſ maligna redibuit.Lionſ & Tygerſ do never leaue off their wildeneſſe, although ſomatimeſ they yeeld, and ſeeme to beſubmiſſe, yet vpon a ſuddaine when a man expecteth not, their malignant wrath brea— keth forth, andthey are exaſperated. Wherefore after they grow to be old, it iſ impoſſible to make them vtterly tame,yet we read in diuerſ ſtorieſ of tame Zyonſ, whether made ſo from their littering, or elſ con— ſtraind by the Artof man, ſuch are theſe which follow 5 ZZ47»0, had a certain Lyon, which in hiſ expeditionſ of war carried hiſ baggage, and for that cauſethe Carrhagenianſ con— 42 demned him to be baniſhment , for ſaid they, Malecredi labertuſ ei, cuiin tantum ecciſſit etiam feritaſ, It iſ not ſafe to truſt ſuch a man with the gouerment of the common welth, who by wit, pollicy , or ſtrength, waſ able to ouercome, and vtterly to alter the wildena— ture of a Lion : for they thoght he wold proue a Tyrant that could bring the Lionto ſuch meekeneſ, aſ to waite on him at Table , to licke hiſ face with hiſ toongue, to ſmoothhiſ hand on hiſ backe,and to liue in hiſ preſencelike a little dogge. The Indianſ tame lionſ and Elephantſ, and ſet them to plough, Opamarenſ, the ty— Adeliinaa rant of Cattanſ, hadlyonſ with whom he did ordinarily conuerſe. In the countrey of Elymiſ there waſ a Temple of Adoniſ, wherein were kept many tame lyonſ which were ſ0o farrefrom wildneſſe, and fierceneſſe , that they would imbrace and ſalute the people 5" that came inthere to offer : Alſo if any one called themto give them meate,they would take it gently, and depart from them with quierneſſe : Zikewiſe in the kingdome of Feſ, in a plaine called Adecſen ,,there are certaine forreſtſ wherein live tame and gentle Lyonſ, which if a man meete, he may drive away with a ſmalliſticke, or wand, without receauing any harme; Andin an other region of Affrick;the lyonſ are {o tame,thatthey come dayly Le Af» into Coling 480 The Hiſtorwof Eoure—footed Beaſtſ. into Cittieſ, andgoe from one ſtreete to another, gath=ring, and eating boneſ; from whoſe preſence, neither womennor children run away. Likewiſe in miany partſ of Zpdiſ Siint: they haue lyonſ fo tame, thatthey leadelthem vp and downe in leameſ, and accuſtomc, Aclimmſ _them to the hunting of Boreſ, Bulſ, and wilde Aſſeſ like doggeſ, for theirmoſeſ are aſ well fitted for that purpoſe, aſ the beſt houndſ, aſ we have thewed before of the King of Tartary. Phebot And the beſtmeaneſ of taming them iſ the rule of Apoloninſ, which he ſaid waſ the meaneſ o precept of Pharaoteſ, which iſ, that they be neither handled too roughly, nor too mildly, 10 tame Lyonſ. for if they be beaten with ſtripeſ, they grow oucr ſtubborne ,and if they be kept in conti— nuall flatterieſ, and vſed ouer kindly , they grow oucr pro ud : Forthey held opinion, that byan equall commixtion, ofthreatning, and faireſpeaking, or gentle vſage, by which / meaneſ they are more caſily brought to good deſired conditionſ, and thiſ wiſedome the auncientſ did not onely vſe in the taming of Zyonſ, but alſo in reſtraining of tyrantſ, purting itaſ a bridle in their moutheſ , and a hooke in their noſthrilſ, to reſtraine—them from fury , and madneſſe. Albertuſ ſaich, that the beſt way to tame lyonſ iſ to bring vp with them a litrle dogge, and oftentimeſ to beate the ſame dogiin their preſence, by which diſcipline;the lJion iſ mademotetractable to the willof hiſkceper. Itiſ hhid of Heliggabaleſ, that he nouriſhed 20 many tamelyonſ, and Tygerſ, and otherſuchi noyſome beaſteſ, calling himſelfe their greatmother; and when he had made any of hiſ friendſ drunke in the right time, hee ſhut themvp. together (who quickly fell aſleepe) through the heauineſſeof their headſ, who being ſo aſleepe, he turned inamongſt them ſome of hiſ foreſaid children, both ly— onſ, Beareſ, Tigerſ, and ſuch like : at whoſe preſence in the morning, hiſ drunken frindſ grew ſo amazed, that oft timeſ, ſome of them fell dead for feare : and to conclude, there iſ a ſtory in a certaine Epigram, of a lyon wandring abroad in the night time,for the auoi— ding of froſt, & cold, came intoafold of Goateſ: at theſight whereof the Goate—heardſ weremuch afraid, calling in queſtion not onely the lineſ of the flocke,but alſo their owne, becauſeeucery oneof them, thought himfelfe bound to fight vato death in defence here— 30 of : wherenuponaccprding to the manner of meninextremitie, they all made their pray— erſ, deſiring Godto bedelinered from the ZLion, and according to their wiſheſ fo it came to paſſe ; forafter the Lyon had lodged in the warme folde of Goateſ a whole night, he departed in the morning, without doing any harme to manor beaſt; wherefore I take thiſ Zyon to be of the tamekynde, and aſ in all beaſtſ there are differenceſ both of na— tureſ, and inclinationſ, aſ we may ſee in dogſ, ſome of them being more apt after the mannerſ of men, and to beruled by them then otherſ, {oalſo I ſee no reaſon, but that in the fierce, and royallnature of Lyonſ, ſome of them ſhould be more inclinable, to obe— dience, ſubieGion, and ſubmiſſion ; whereunto being once woon they never afterwardeſ vtterly ſhake offtheir vaſſalage and yoake of them which onercome them. 49 The triſiphſ, Frombenceit came, that therewere ſo many ipeGacleſ, at Rowe, aſ firſt of all gameſand _Lnciuſ Scilla, in the office of hiſ eedilitic, or ouerſight of the Temple, brought into the Ro— cabatſwith man circle, or ring, one hundred greatmaned Lyonſ looſe, whichalwaieſ before that * time, were turned in bound, or mufled. And King 205 ſent {o many valiant Archerſ, and dart—caſterſ, to fight with them and deſtroy them. After him pompey the great,in the fame place brought in a combate,conſiſting of ſix hundred great Lyonſ, & among them there were three hundred fiſtie maned zyonſ : Alſo he inſlituted hunting of Lyonſ at Plutarcke ROME» wherein were ſlaine fiuehundred. Ci/a, when he waſ Dictator, preſented in ſpec— tacle foure hundred Lyonſ. Owintiſ Seevola cauſed Zyonſ to fight one withan other. Pliny But Marcuſ ABtoniuſ, in the ciuill warre, after the battaile of Phar/alia, did firſt ofalicauſe 59 Lyonſ to be yoaked, and drawthe Charior of trinmpheſ ; wherein he himſelfe ſate, with oneCitheriſ a Ieſter, which thing waſ not done, without ſhew and obſeruationſ, of 2 prodigeouſand monſterouſaction, and eſpecially in thoſe timeſ, wherein it waſ inter— preted, that aſ the noble ſpiritſ of thoſe Lyonſ. were ſo much abaſed, and vaſſalaged, inſteede of horſeſ to draw a chariot, they being in nature the King of beaſtſ, ſo it W feared that the auncient nobilitie®f Rowe, the graue Senatorſ,and gallant Gentlemem commaunderſ of the whole common—wealth, ſhould in time to come, through civill * y ——" i Waffeſ» warſ, and pride of the people, be deprivued of all honor, and brought down to the baſeſt officeſ,of the whole ſtate, Atexivnſ Pixſ, noutiſhed a hundred lionſ. Do@iriar the Em— peror,called for Ag/@wſ Gabrio the conſull,into Albazia, about the time that the gameſ were celebrated;for the proſperity of youthand young men which were called Zuremalia; to fightwith a greatlyon, and Aci/ixſ comming wiſely intothe combat did eaſily kilhim: Inancient time whenlionſ coold not be tamed,chey did diſcernethem by theirtecthyand naileſ, and ſo taking aſ it were the ſting and poyfon from theſerpent, and the Weaponſ wherein conſiſteth allthcirſtrength; they were without allperill, ſent into the publike a ſemblieſ, at thetime of thcirgenerall meetingſ, and great feaſtſ. Murz/all hath an excel— x0 lenrEpigram ,of the greatlion beforeexhibited in publike ſpe&acle by Dowizizz,wonde— ring thatthe AG4/idm and Awſowian ſhepherdſ were ſoafraid ofthiſ lion,& made aſ great anoiſe, and murmvrt about hiſ preſence aſ if he had bin a heard of lionſ ,and—therefore he commendeth the Libian country for breeding ſuch a beaſt, and witball expreſſeth the ioy of the ſhephardſ for hiſ death; aſ are ſhowne intheſe verſeſ following ; 25 .: .zo 40 59 W ma a Of the Lion. 481 Auditur quantum Maſſjla per auia murmur, Inpumero quotieſ ſylua leo ne furit : * Palliduſ attovitoſ ad plena mapalia paſtor Chmrenocat tanr oſ : &r ſine mente pecuſ Tantuſin Auſoniafremuit mmodoterror arena Quiſ non efſe gregem crederet ? vnuſ erat, Sed cuivſ tremerent ipſi quodg, inra leoneſ, C#i diadema daret mayrmorepicta Nomaſ. O qzaptum per colla decuſ, quem ſparſit henorem, Anrcalunate cum ſtetit vndainbſ. Grandia quam decuit latum venabulapettuſ Quantad,de magna gaudia morte tulit ? Vide tuiſ Libic tamfelix gloria ſyluiſ A Cybeleſ nunguid veneratille ingiſ Anmagiſ Herculeo Germanice miſit ab aſtro ' Hanctibi vel frater vel pater ipſe foram. We haue ſhewedalready that Lionſ although never ſo well tamed becomewilde againey Tame Lyonſ and that through bunger , which breaketh through ſtone Walleſ, according to the com= becom: wilt mon prouerb, and therefore maketh them to deſtroy whatſocuer commethin their way, ******* according to theſe verſeſ of virgil/5 Impaſtueſ cen,plena lew, per ouiliaturbauſ Suadet enim veſanafameſ, mandit G, trabit g, Molle pecuſ , mutumg, metu,fremet ore crenentſ. Such a one waſ the Lyon of B07//@ſ Duke of Ferrara,who being in hiſ caue would denore Bulſ, Beareſ, and Boareſ, but with a Hare or little whelp he would play , and doe them no harmeſ atlaſt leauing al hiſ tamablenature,hc deſtroyed a young wench,who oftentimeſ came vato him to combe and ſtrokehiſ mane,and alſo to bring him meat and flowerſ,vp— on who S#7rez4 made theſe two verſeſ 5 Suſtulit ingraeuſ cui quondam plurima debeuſ petiendaſg, inbaſ ,& fer a colla dabat, 1 The like vato thiſ alſo, waſ that tame lyon that Adaza/l ſpeakethof, who returning to hiſ firſnature, deſtroyed two young children, and therefore heſaith iuſtly, that hiſ cruelty exceedeth the cruelty of war, theEpigram iſ thiſ ; & Verbera ſecur?,ſolituſ leo ferre magiſtri Inſertamd, pati, blanduſ in or a manum, Dedidicit pacem, ſubito,feritate renuerſa, nantanee in libiciſ, debuit efſe ingiſ Nanſ due de tenerapucrilia corpora turba Sanguineam,raſtriſ que renounbat humum, Senuſ &r infelix,furiali dente peremit,, o Tt Aartia 482 The length of a Lyonſ life, and their diſeaſeſ. edAlbertuſ Cardan The vſe of a Lyonſ ſeural partſ. T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Martia non vidit, mainſ ar ena nefaſ . Haning thuſ ſpoken of the taming and taking lionſ ;it alſo now followeth to entreatof the length of their life, and the diſcaſeſ thatare incident vnto them, with their ſeuerall cureſ; . firſttherefore, it iſ held thar they line very long, aſ threeſcore, or foureſcore yeareſ:ſor it hatch beeneſeene, that when a l1ron hath bin taken aliue, and in hiſ taking receined ſome wound wherby he becamelame, or loſtſomeof hiſ teeth, yerdid helinemany yeareſ, & alſo it iſ found that ſome hane bin taken withoutteeth, which were all fallen out of theyr head throughage, and 4eliqnyſſaith, thata lion and a Delphin, docboth conſumeaway through multitude of yearſ. The ſickneſſeſ wherwithal they areanoid ,are not very many, 1, but thoſe which theyhaneare continual: for the moſt part their intralſ or inward parteſ, arenener ſound but ſubjed to corruption; aſ may appear by their ſpittle, & alſo by their biting, and ſcratching of cheir naileſ, foraman lightly trouched by them atſometimeſiſ aſ much poyſoned, aſ by the biting of a mad dog, alſo by reaſon ofhiſ extreamehot na— ture enuery each other day he ſufferethoneſickneſ or other, at which timchelyetbpro— ſtrate vpon the earth, roaring not al the day long, butatcertain houreſ, and in hiſ wrath he iſ conſumed through the heat incloſed in hiſ own body: Andin hiſ beſt eſtate he iſ af— flicted with a quartan Ague, enuen then when he ſeemeth to beein health, and excepr thiſ diſeaſe, did reſtraine hiſ violenceand mallice by weakning of hiſ body, he would be farre FHore hurtful to mankind then he iſ : and thiſ iſ to be vnderſtood,; inthe ſummer time he falleth into thiſ diſeaſe ſometimeſ at the ſight of a man, & iſ cured by the bloud of dogſ, 20 according to Albertaſ and Phyſrolignſ,when he feeleth himſelfe ſick,throgh aboundance of meat, he faleth a vomiting, either by the ſtrength of nature,or elſe helpeth himſelfe by eating a kind of graſſe, or greea corne in the blade, or elſe rapeſ,,and if none of theſe pre— uaile, then he faſteth, and eatethno more tillhe find eaſe,or elſe if hee can meete with an Ape, bedenoureth and eaterh hiſ fleſh, and thiſ iſ the principall remedy and medicine, which hee receineth againſt all hiſ diſeaſeſ, both in youth and age, and when hegroweth old, being no more able to hunt Hartſ, Boareſ, and ſuch beaſtſ, he exerciſeth hiſ whole ſtrength in the hunting, and taking of Apeſ; whereupon he lineth totally; and for theſe cauſeſ, there iſ a compariſon betwixt thelion and the Dolphin, in Aelianuſ. Leoni, & del— phino multa ſunt communiavter i, imparat ,ille terreniſ, hiſ aquatilibuſ beſtifſ, ſencitute am— hotabeſcunt;& cum ſunt in agritudine, illa terreStriſ, imia medetur, bnie marina.quodd, ſr miaremedio eſt: thatiſ ,the lion and the Dolphin do agree in many thingeſ, both of them arekingſ,thiſ ruleth ouer the beaſtſ of the earth, and that ouer the beaſtſ of the ſea, both ofthem conſume throughage, andlonglife, and aſ thelion reconereth,by eating anApe oftheearth, ſo iſ the Dolphin cured by eating an Ape of the Sea,and thuſ much for the diſeaſeſ and cure of lionſ. Voto thiſ naturall diſcourſeoflyonſbelongeth the vſe of their parteſ, both outward and inward,&allo the ſeneral piGureſ and ſtarueſ ereCed for theirſingular monumentſ. Firſttherefore with the ſkinſ oflionſ were the ancient Mooreſ and Barbarianſ, enhaby— ting betwixt the mountaine Ca@@a/»ſ and the riner Cophena, and ſo they appeared to Apol— 40 loninſ and hiſ. companionſ,aſalſo in the ſkinſ of Pantherſ, with both which,they did not onely cloth themſelueſ in the day time, but alſo ſlept vppon them in the night, and ther— fore Herculeſ iſ pi&ured wearing a lionſ »kin, that the world might bee admoniſhed what waſ the ancient attire oftheir forefatherſ: /zgil/ deſcribeth Awenrinuſ coucredwithali— onſ ſkin in thiſ ſort : 0 we ——Quenfulualeoniſ Pelliſ obit torum pr afulgenſ vaguibuſ dureſ, Andagaine: Ipſe pedeſ tegmentorquenſ immane leoniſ, Terribili tmpexum'cataoum dentibuſ albiſ ; 39 Indutuſ capiti, &e. And Aeneaſſleeping vpon a lionſ ſSkin,aying : Fuluig,in ſternor pelle leoniſ , Aeneaſ Pracipinmg, toro, & villoſi pelie leoniſ Accipit Acncam. E Adraſinſ Of the Lion. 483 Adraſtuſ waſ commaunded by the Oracleto marry hiſ daughterſ to aboareand alyon, when they camea wooing vato them. Whereupon Tydewſ came in a Boareſ ſkinne ,and Pellyniceſin a Lyouſ Skin, vnto whom he gaue hiſ Daughterſ in marriage, taking it to be the meaning of the Oracle, that men clothed in thoſe ſkinſ ſhould be the huſbandeſ of hiſDaughterſ. From hence came the common proverbe . 7odwitiſ me leoniſ exnuinm, you put vpon me a Lyonſ ſkinne to ſignifie a man that taketh vppon him more then he iſ able to performe, and ſpend more then their condition willafford, and the beginning of the pronuerb waſ taken from Herculeſ, who clothed in a Lyonſ ſkin aſ we hane ſaid before, andbearing in one hand a Club, and in the other a bow, in which attive hee went downe 1o to hell to fetch out Cerberuſ. Afterwardſ ther waſ one Bacchuſ which clothed with the ſame weede, and armed with the ſame weaponſ, in like fort in the imitation of Hereu/eſ, went down to hell, to heare the > . ;. _,.. fayned diſputation betwixtthe two Poctſ, Exripedeſ, and Aeſealuſ, atthefight whereof imitauon. Herealeſ laughed, telling him , that ſuch apparell did nothing at all become him, becauſe he waſ wanton, tender, and effeminate. For it iſ not auaileable to hauea rich ceremony, and want thetrue ſubſtance ; a gloriouſ ourſide, and a ſhamefull infide, the Armor of a Champion, and the heart of a baſe coward, the outward ſheweſ of holineſſe, and the in— wardloue of prophaneſ. Otherſ do thinke that the prouerb waſ taken from that Afſe cal— led Aſfn#ſ eumanuſ, who being weary of hiſ ſeruitudeand bondage, ſlipt collor, and ran 20 away into the wilde woodſ , wher finding by chance a Zyonſſkin, hee crepte into it, and wore it vpon hiſ body , vnder collour whereof, he ryfled vp and downe the woodſ, to the terror of allthe beaſtſ, both with hiſ taile and hiſ featrefull voice :and the C#2eſ them — ſelueſ which had nenerſeene a Lyon,were not a little affraid of thiſ counterfeit beaſt. In thiſ fathion he domineerd a good time, vntill at laſtthere came a ſtranger to Came, who ſeeing the counterfeit perſonate Aſſe—lyon by the way, hauing oftentimeſ ſeene both ly— onſ and Aſſeſ, knew it for an Aſſe, in alyonſ ſkinne , for if all other coniectureſ failed, yet thiſ proned true, namely the length of hiſ eareſ, wherefore he beat him wel, and brought him bome to hiſ maiſter, before whom he pulled off thelyorſ Skin, and them hiſ maiſter knew him to be hiſ Affe. From which Socrazeſ concludeth wiſelythatno man oughttobe \ 30 afraid of outward greatneſſe, becauſe though the Aſſe waſ clothed with a lionſ $kin, yet hewaſ butan Aſſe. And that the ſkinſ of lyonſ waſ vſed in garmentſ, the ſaying of Zy/an— der the Lacedemonian dothſufficiently proue; for when hee waſ blamed for hiſ outward pompe,wherby he beguiled otherſ ,therfore condemned for fooliſh hipocricy, he made thiſ anſwer , Qwp leoniſ peruenire pelliſ non poteſt, vulpinam aſſuiſſe, de decuerit,euery man ought to haue two ſhiteſ of appare!ll; one of a Fox, and another of the lyon. For whether thelionſ Skin cannot comethe Fox wilcreep ,and vvher the fox cannot com thelion can: ( fthmſ, Clotheſ wrapt in a lionſ ſkin killethmotheſ :alſo a manſ body anointed with the fat of alionmingled with garlike, ſoaſtheſauor ofthe garlikemay ouercomethelionſ greace, The fat of heſhalneucr be moleſted with woluſ. Alſo if the foldſ of ſheep be compaſſed about with LZ'Z" themelted greaſe of lionſ ; there iſ no wolueſ, nor rauening beaſtſ will annoy the flocke» »,,,,,,, Andio great iſ the feareof lionſ towolueſ, that if any part of a lionſ greaſe be caſt into a * fountaine, the wolueſ neuer dare to drinke thereof, or to come neare vnto it. Alſo Pliny affitemeth ,,that if an ApppMer be made of lionſ greaſe, no man ſhalbe harmed, wounded, or killed, by trechery or deceit : but you muſt vnderſtand, that thiſ waſ an inuention Of ALacelluſ. the Magicianſ or vviſe—men, that by ſuch pretenceſ and promiſeſ of great marterſ, they Sexruſ. might infinuate themſelueſ, into the fauor ofprinceſ and noble men, and ſo make fooleſ of the world, and therfore they preſcribe, the fat which iſ taken from betwixt the eic—lidſ or from the right part of their mouth orteeth, and the baireſ from the neather chap. It iſlikewiſe affirmed; that a man annointed all ouer withthe blood of a lyon, ſhall neuer be deſtroyed by any wilde beaſt. There iſ an hearb which Dewew@ituſ calleth FHeliawrhe, growing in the Maritime Moun— tameſ of Calicia, and Themiſcira, wherewithall the fat of lionſ, decocted with Saffron, and paulmewine with which al the kingſ of Perſia were anointed,to make the beautifulbodieſ magical pby tolookevpon:And aboue al other thingſ,the Magicianſ preſcribed thiſ compoſition, to ficke for Z iſ makea man inuincible, the taileand head of a Dragon, the haireſ ofa Lyonſ forchead, ***"********* Tt 2 and 484 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. andthemarrow ofhiſ boneſ, theſpume or white mouth of a conquering Horſe, bound vp together with a dogſ claweſ ina Hartſſkin, with the nerueſ of a Hart or Roe. The dung of a Lyon drunke in wine, maketh a man for cuer more to abhor wine. It waſ alſo wont to be obſerued;that when Lionſ forſooke the Mountaineſ and woodſ, to come and live in fruitfull and fertil ſoileſ, it did foreſhew ſome great drought ; and the like deuination did Aguzi/?a the mother of Pezicleſ make vpon her dreame, when ſhe waſ Afex.ab ale*= with child, for ſhetho ught ſhe broughtforthalion, & ſoinſhort time after, ſhe brought forth Pericleſ, who waſ a valiant man, and a great conqueror in Greecia. The ſight alſo of a lion aſ a man trauaileth by thebigh waieſ, iſ very ominouſ, and taken for an euillſigne, There waſ alſo a propheſie giuen out by Pyzhiſſ, concerning Czp/elwſ the Sonne of Etion which ſaid in thiſ manner ; Concipit in petriſ aquila enixuraleonem Robuſtum, ſcuum , genua, G& quimultareſoluet . Hac bene nunt animiſ, ver/ate, Corinthia proleſ, Quicolitiſ pallenem, altaneg, Corinthinum. 5 E A monſteſ Y tRE yeare of our lord 1274. there waſ a certaine Noble Woman in the Biſhoprickeof like a lyon. Xyſfpizer , which brought forth a child like to a Lyoneſſe in al partſ but it had the ſkin of a man; vnto thiſ diſcourſeImay addethe Imageſ of lyonſ,both in Templeſ,and alſo vpon The Tmageſ Mieldeſ, and firſt of all in the templewhere the ſhield of Aga@emzon hung vp, (aſ pan— and ſeuerall 5 © & * ſtarueſ of L i— cempinſ writethythere waſ the piSture(Feare, drawn with a lyonſ head, becauſe aſ the lyon a> St5 ſleepeth little, and in hiſ ſleepe hiſ eigſ be open, ſo iſ the condition of Feare, for we hane ſhewed already, that the lyon when he ſleepeth hath hiſ eieſ open,and when he wakethhe ( zliuſ ſhutteth them,and therefore the ancientſ did ſimbolically pieture a lyon vponthe doorſ . _ of theirtempleſ,and vpon the ſhipſ alſo,in theforepart of them;they ingraued the figure Authologitſ oflionſ ,according to thiſ ſiying of Virgil : ! Aenaiaprppiſ Prima tenet roſiro, phrigioſ ſubicia leoneſ. Itwaſ alfo a vſuall cuſtometo piGure lionſ about fountaineſ and Cunditſ, eſpecially a— mongſ the Egyptianſ,chat the water might ſpring forch of their mouthſ, Owopram nilwſ, Aruiſ Egqipti—nowam aquam inuchit (ole tranſouypte leonem . becauſe that Niluſ, did onerflow the 39 feeldſ of Eqypt , at whaſ time the ſun paſſed through the ſign Leo. Therefore alſo the River A— pheuſ waſ called Leontivſ poroſ, the lionſ fountaine,becauſe at the headſ thereof;therewere dedicated thepictureſ of manylionſ. There waſ a noble Harlot called Leewa, which waſ acquainted withthetiranieſ of Harmodiuſ and Ariſtogiten;for whichcauſe, ſhe waſ appre— hended, and put to greivouſ tormenteſ, to the intent ſhee ſhould diſcloſe them,but ſhe endured all vnto death, neuer bewraying any part of their counſell ; After ber death, the Athenianſ deuiſing how to honor that vertue, and becauſeſhee waſ a Harlot or common Pauſaniaſ _curtizan, they were not willing to make a ſtatue for her in thelikeneſſe of a woman, but aſ eAthereu: her name waſ Leena, that ſignificthalyoneſſe , ſothey ereGed for herthe piſture of a li— oneſſe, and thatthey might expreſſe the vertueofher ſecrecy; they cauſed it to be framed 4 without a toong: V pon the graue of L4y/ſ there waſ a coucring containing the pi@ureofa lyon, holding a Ram in hiſ forefeet by the buttockeſ, with an inſcription;that aſ the lyon held the Ramſo do Hatlotſ hold their lonerſ, which Ale/a?@ſ turned into thiſ Epigram: Quia ſcalptuſ ſibi vult arieſ quem parte leana, Vinguibuſ apprenſumpoſteriore tenet ? Non aliter captoſ quod Ty ip/a tencret amanteſ Vir gregiſ eſt arieſ clunitenetur amanſ. There waſ alſo a lyon at Delphoſwhich waied ten talenteſ of gold, and at the entranceof Thermopile vpon the tombe of Zeonideſ the Captaineofthe Spartanſ, there ſtood a Lyon , of ſtone: Vpon the ſtepſ of the capital of Rome,ther were two lionſ of black Marble touch= 5 ſtone. And the Cyzicent ingraued vpon one ſide oftheir money the piAure of a Lyon; and on the other ſide the face of a woman . King Salomon built hiſ IJuory throne vpon tWO Lyonſ of Braſſe, and vpon theſtepſ or ſtaireſ aſcending vppeto that thronewereplace twelue Lyonſ, here and there . Andfrom hence it came that many kingſ and ſtateſ gauC in their armeſ the LEyon, Rampant, Paſſant, and regardant, diſtinguiſhed in dinerſ clou ſ erſ Varrmunſ eAgricola Of the L}'cſim. 485 lerſ in the fieldſ of Or, Argent, Azure, and Sableſ, with fuch other termeſ of Art. The earth it ſelfe waſ wont to be expreſſed by thefigure of a Lyon,andtherefore the immnage of Atergaſ waſ ſupported with Lionſ. Syba/e the fained Godeſſe of the Mountaineſ waſ Ca— ried vpon Lyonſ. And it iſ fained thatthe Cureteſ,which nouriſhed Lupiter in Crecte,who waſ committed to them by hiſ mother R/eſ by the anger of Saturn, wereturved into Ty Oppianuſ. onſ, who afterwardſ by Z@pirer when he raigned were made the kingeſ of beaſtſ, and by Verinuſ. him enioyned to draw the chariot of hiſ mother R/e1, according to thiſ verſe ; { Et innit a currum,domine {ubiere leoneſ. Thete, iſ a conſtellation in heauen called the zZyon, of whom Gerwaricſſ writeth in thiſ a 10 fort, that he iſ the greateſt and moſt notable amongſt the ſigneſ of the Zodrack , contai— FFZZZ:)Z' ning three ſtarſ in hiſ head, and one cleare one in hiſ breaſt, and that when the Sun com— ©V% meth to that ſigne which happeneth in the month of Iuly , at which time the vehement heat of ſuimmer burnech the earth, and dryeth vp the riuerſ. And therefore becauſe the Lyoniſalſoofa hor nature, and ſeemeth to pertake of theſubſtance and quantity of the Sun, he hath that place in the heatienſ .For in heate and force he excelleth allother beaſtſ aſ the ſun doth all other ſtarſ. — , '__ In hiſ breaſteſ and forepart hee iſ moſt ſtrong, and in hiſ hindet part motre weake, ſo iſ theſunne, encreaſling vatill the noone or forepart of the yeare ,vntill the ſummer, and afterwardeſ ſeemeth to languiſh towardſ the ſetting, or latter part of the yeare called the 20 Winter . And the Lyonalſo ſeemeth alwaieſ to looke vp with a flery eye, cuen aſ the Sunne which iſ patent with the perperuall and infatigall ſight vpon the earth. TheLyon alſoiſ a ſignification of the ſunne, for the haireſ of hiſ mane do reſemble the ſtreaming beameſ of the ſunne, and therefore thiſ conſtellation iſ ſtiled with the ſame epethiteſ thaſ theLyonand the Sun are, aſ heate—bearing, ſtive, ardent, arent, calent, hot, flammant, burning, Herculean, mad, horrible, dreadfull, cruell, and terrible. It iſ feigned of the Po., etſ that thiſ Lyon waſ the Neweaw Lyon ſlaine by Herewleſ, which at the commaunde— ment of Z#70 waſ foſtered in Arcadia, and thatinanger agaioſt Aercaleſ afterhiſ death, ſhe placed himin the heauenſ. — " e + : To conclude thiſ ſtory ofthe Lyonſ : it iſ reported ofthe Dinelſ called Orſ/@el/, that 39 they ſlew themſelueſ ſometimeſ in theſhapeſ of Lyonſ and Doggeſ, and the Dogge of Serapiſ which waſ fained to haue three headſ, on the left ſide a Wolueſ, on the rightſide a Doggeſ, and in the middle a L yonſ. W hane ſhewedalready, thatthe people called Ampraciote did worſhip a Lyoneſſe becauſe ſhekilled a Tyrant. And the Egyptianſ buil— deda Citty to the honor of Lyonſ, calling it Zeontopoliſ, and dedicating Templeſto /@— Lyonſ neriſ can for their honor. And in the porcheſ of Heljopeliſ,there were common ſtipendſ for the ſhed in Tem nouriſhing of lionſ. fſſzfſifſi'ſi?ſi,ſid_ Aſ in other placeſ where they are fed daily with Beefe, and hane alſo windoweſ in their lodgingſ , with great Parkeſ and ſpaceſ allotted vnto them fortheirrecteation and exer—= ciſeſ : with an opinion that the people that came vnto them to offer and worſhippe them, 4o ſhould ſee a ſpeedy renenge through devine indgement vpon al thoſe that had wronged themby periury, or broken the oath of fidelity. To conclude, in holy Sctipture, we finde that our Sguiour Chriſt iſ called the Lion of the tribe of Z0d1Þ ; for aſ hee iſ a lambe in hiſ innocency, ſo iſ he a Lion in hiſ fortitude. The Deuilalſo iſ called aroating Lion,becauſe Lionſ in their hunger are moſt of al ful of furie and wrath. And ſo I wilconcludeand end thiſ ſtoric of Lionſ, with that Emblem of A//azuyſ, deſcribing how litle Hareſ did reioice andleapevpondead Lionſ ; 9 Quitotieſ hoſteſ viſcerat ante ſuoſ, Dum currn et pedibuſ ne@Gere vinclaparant. Conuellant harbam vel timidi Leporeſ. Macvebini, TtZ The 50 486. T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. T he medicineſ of the Lyon. + The blood of a Lyon being rubbed or ſpred vpon a Canker, or vpon a ſore which iſ ſwelled about the vaineſ, wil preſently and without any paine cureand caſe the griefe *'ſſſilþm # thereof . Whoſocuer doth anoint hiſ body all ouer with the blood of a Lyon, may ſafe.. S*%*!# . \y and without any danger trauaileamong ſt any wilde Beaſteſ whatſocuer . The fleſh of a Lyon being caten either by a man or Woman which iſ troubled with dreameſand fan— 1, Acſealapia. taſieſ inthe night time, will very ſpeedily and effectually workehim eaſe and quietneſſe, The ſame alſo being bo yled or baked, and ginen te them which are diſtraught of their witſ to eate dothbring them eaſe and comfort, and renew their witſ againe: it iſ alſo very good forthe paineſ or deaſeneſſe of the eareſ. And being taken in drink, it helpeth thoſe whichare troubled with the ſhaking of the joynteſ or the Palſic. Whoſocuer ſhall haue ſhooeſ made of thchide or ſkinne of a Zyon or Wolfeand weare them vpon hiſ feete, he . ſhallneuer hauve any paine or ache in them. Ett They will alſo defend him that vſeth them from the gout, orſwelling in the feete or Leggeſ . The ſkin or hide of a Zyon iſ altlo very good for either man or VWoman which are troubled with the pileſ or ſwelling of the vainſ ,if they ſhall but at ſome ſencrall timeſ ſet vponit. 20 The fat of a Lyon iſ reported to be contrary to poyſon and venemouſ drinkſ, and be— ing taken in Wine it will by theſent expell all wilde Beaſteſ from any one : and it doth alſo reſiſt and drive away the ſent or ſmell of Serpentſ, by which they follow men to de— ſtroy them. Whomſoeuer doth annoint hiſ body all oner withthetallow or ſewet of the raineſ or kidny of a Lyon, ſhall by the fent and ſauor thereof expell and drive away from him all Wolueſ, how greedy and rauenouſ ſocuer they be. A man being throughly an— nointed with the greace of a Lyon being melted, docth drive away from him and purto fight any living creature whatſoeuer, and alſo venemouſ and poyſonouſ Serpentſ them— Raſiſ, ſelueſ. If a any wilde beaſtbee annointed with the tallow or ſewet of a Lyon which iſ diſ— ſolued and clarified , he ſhallnei— her be troubled with the ſtinging of Flieſ or Beeſ. The 39 fat or greace of alyon being mingled with Oyle of Roſeſ, doth keepe the ſkinne of the facefree from all blaſtingſ and blemiſheſ , bgiag annointed thereupon ,and doth alſo pre— ſerue the whiteneſſe thercof, and being mingle# with Snow Water, doth heale any fleſh which iſ burnt or ſcortched vpon a man, and doth alſo curethe ſwelling of the ioyntſ. The ſewet or fat of a lyon being mingled with other oyntmentſ, and annointed vpon the pla— ceſ of either man or woman who haue any blemiſheſ in any part of their bodieſ,doth pre— ſently exrelthe ſame, The ſame vertue hath the dung or durt of a lion being mixed withthe aforeſaid vaguent. The greace of a lyon being diſſolued and preſently againe conglutinated together and ſo being annointed vppon the body of thoſe who are heauy and ſade , it will ſpeedily ex— 49 terpate all ſorrow and griefe from their hearteſ. The ſame alſo being mixed with the mar— row of an Hart and wich lertice,and ſo beaten and briuiſed, and afterwardſ mingledalto— gether, iſ an excellent remedy againſt the ſhrinking ofthe Nerueſ and ſineweſ, and the acheſ of the boneſ and knuckelſ about the leggeſ being annointed thereon. The greace ofa lyon by itſelfe onely, mixed with a certaine 0 intment iſ alſo very profitable to expell the gout. The ſame being mingled with Oyle of Roſeſ,doth'caſe and help thoſe whichare trou— bled daiely with Agueſ and quartan Feauerſ. Theſamealſo being diſſolued and poured into the eareſ of any one which iſ troubled with any paine in them, will preſently free him trom the ſame. There iſ alſo in thiſ lyonſ Greace, another excellent vertue whichiſ 5 thiſ, that if the iaw —bone of any one be ſwelled and annointed ouer with thiſ greace being melted, it will very ſpeedily auoide the paine thereof. The fat or ſewet of a Lyon being melted and mixed with certaine other thingeſ, and ſo miniſtred vato any one that iſ troubled with the wringing of the bowelſ,and bloody fiix in the ſame manner aſ a gliſter iſ vſed, iſ commended for an excellent remedie fOſſx_' the ame t Of the Lion. 487 ſame. Theſamealſo being mingled with a certaine oyle and warmed together, and anoin— ted vpon the headof any one, whoſe haire doth ſhed, or iſ troubled withthe Foxeſ euill, doth immediatly helpeand curetheſame. The ſeede of a Hare being mixed with the fat Gat of a Zyon, andannointed vpon the priuvy memberſ of any one, will ſtirre and incitate them vp to luſt, how chaſt ſocuer they ſhall be. Thefatte of a Lyon mingled with the fatteof a Beare, and melted together, being Afroplu; anoynted vpon the belly, dotb allay and aſſwage the hardneſſe thereof, aſ alſo any other paine or griefe in the ſame. The braineſ of a Lyon, aſ alſo of a Cat, being taken in drink, doth nmake him mad vnto whom it iſ given. The ſame being mingled with ſome ſmall quantitie of oyle of ſpike, and powred or diſtilled into the eareſ of; any one which iſ deafe eAWrrrm: or thicke of hearing , willvery effeQually cure the deafeneſſe. If the eyetecth of a Zyon be hung about the necke of a yoong childe before thathe Raſiſ caſthiſ teeth, and the beginning of hiſſecondor new teeth, they will keepe him for ener from hauing any ache or paine in them. The hart of a Lyon being beaten into ſimall powder, and taken in drinke, doth very ſpeedily cure and heale thoſe which are troubled with Agueſ aud quarcaine feauerſ. The liner of the Lyon being dryed, and beaten to P4ny powder, and put in the pureſt wine which iſ poſſible to be gotten, and ſo drunke, doth take away the paine and griefe from any one which iſ troubled with hiſ liver. Thegall of a lion being taken in drinke by any one, doth kill or poy ſon him out of hand. 3;yy;7, a 0 But ſome doe impute thiſ venome, to be in the gall of a leopard. The gallof a lion being mixed with pure water, and anoynted vpon the eyeſ of any one, will take away the ble— miſheſ thereof, and cauſe them to ſee clearely : and the fatce of the lyon being added thereunto, iſ an excellent remedie againſt the falling fickneſſe. A very little parte or Aferitng dram of the gallof a lyon being put in wine and ſo drunke, will ſpeedily helpe and cure thoſe which are troubled with the yellow iaundiſe. The ſame diſeaſe iſ alſo cured by yel— low caretſ being ſtamped and put in wire,and ſo given in drinke. For the ſoreſ or blemiſheſin the eyeſ, the gall of a lyon being mingled with hony, Gapy and ſo anointed vpon them , iſ commended for a very ſpecialland effeGuall cure or hea— ling. The gall of a lyon, a Beare, or an Oxe be mixed with certaine other vnguentſ, iſ ve— ry much vſed for the extending or moouing forward of conception. The right ſtone of a lyon being beaten together with roſeſ, andſo ſtrained hard, vntill ſomeliquid inice or Raſſ water doth proceede from them, and ſo taken in.drinke, doth make that party barren,vn — to whom it iſ given : it hath the like effe&Xin it, if it be eaten, either roaſted or broiled, or raw and bloodice. The fat which procedeth from the privitie or ſecret partſ of a ſhe . lyon being put ina veſſell made of Iuory, and ſo being temperately mollified, iſ com— ©A#if mended for a very effecuall and ſpeedy meaneſ to hinder conception, The dung, or dirt of a lyon being dryed into powder, and mixed with ſome certaine ſoft and eaſic oint— ment, with which any one may be eaſily anointed oner all hiſ body, doth drive away the blemiſheſ and ſpotſ in the ſkinne. The hurtſ or ſoreſwhicharebitten either by a male or female lyon , are ſo full of mat— 49 terandfilthy corruption, that the running thereof can be ſtayed and repreſſed neither by lapping of cloatheſ about them, not by waſhing them with ſpungeſ : they are cured by Ariſtatle the ſame meaneſ aſ the ſoreſ which are bitten by rauenouſ dogſ are, aſ Ehaue before de— clared in the cureſ ofthe Hyzna. The woundſ which are made by the teeth of a lyon arevery hurtfull: for aſ much aſ the venome of their interior parteſ doth goe into the woundſ, and when the woundſ are tyed, the venome iſſueth from them into the thingeſ with which they are tyed, and the ſame bindingſ being againe bound vpon the wound, doth ſo infed it, that it can be cured by no other meaneſ but by theaforeſaid medicine. Thebitingſ of lyonſ and ſuch like beaſteſ are ſo dangerouſ, inregard of their ſtrength . and fierceneſſe, for they doe not onely bite, butalſo wreathand teare the woundſ which $; ;Z]cy make with their teeth, or naileſ : and thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the cureſ of the you. Albertaſ Of 4.88 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OfTE—CTHECEPNN X. The pictuve of a Linx , once in the Tower of Londen, which waſ firſt deſcribed by Doitor Cay. ſ 49 | He wilde beaſt which amongeſ the Germaineſ iſ named Luckſſ, by making a name fromthe Zinxe, or aſ otherſ | write zix ,or ZLaxſ : amongſt the Italianſ iſ at thiſ daie cal— | led Lapo ceynero, or Cernerio, being engendered betwixe Hind and a wolf; and likewiſe amongſt the Rhectianſ which \l ſpeak Italian; and the Sabandianſ, and the Dalmatianſ or 50 Illiriauſ Cerezrro. But there wſ a certaine Bohemianof late, al| which declared that the Linx aſ he coniectured, waſ ca}lcd { amongſt the Illyrianſ 2yſ (and that it waſ called Lackſſ a _.H mong the Germaineſ) but that amongeſt the Illirianſ waſ cie like. The nameſ of the Linx. The Of the Lynx: The Spaniardſ'do aſ yet cal him by the Latine name Zirce,euen aſ certain Italian writerſ in their vulgar tongue, aſ Algaxpz#ſ doethteſtifie. In certain placeſ in Helweria, and about Sedunnuſ ,they call him Thierwelfe. Amongſtthe barbarouſ writerſ heeiſ called by the name of an Ownce:which I do ſuppoſe to be a Papther.Fr. Alunnuſ doth ſay ,that thiſ beaſt waſ called of certame J#a/iap writerſ inthe wnlgartongue, Zop=4,ſome interpreting it to. be a Lionefſe, ſome a Pardall, a panther, or a Wolſt , engendered of a Himd and a Wolfe. Onnceſ do commonly ſeeme to be called rather Linxeſ, then Pantherſ : but although ſome late writerſ do attribute the name to a Leopard or a leffer Panther, it ſeemethnot—» withſtanding corrupt from the Ling: for he iſ a creatur very like him both in hiſ craft and ſhape of hiſ body, but a Linx hath hiſ taile ſhorter, and hiſ longer.Z/bardſ—bane doth kil ** Leopardſ and Linxeſ. 29 3 40 5 0 THESE FIGVRES WERE TAKEN by 0 lauſ M agnuſ wherin the Linx purſueth a wild Cat. The Latineſ callthiſ beaſt Lupuſ Cernarinſ, and Linx of the Greckeword Z@gx,from whencethe German e/n /wghſ :and it hath bene belecued, that the Latine name waſgiven vato it, becauſe they wereingendredbetwixt a Wolfe and Hind, butthere iſ no wiſe man that will ſuppoſe orbe eaſily induced to beleeue, that beaſtſ of ſuch hoſtility , and aduerſe diſpoſitionſ in nature, ſhould ener ingender or ſuffer copulation together; and therefore Irather ſuppoſe that it iſ called Ce7r@a7@vſ, either becauſe it hunteth Hartſ and Hindeſ, or elſe becauſc it imitateth their young oneſ in the outward colour and ſpotſ in the Skinneſ, There waſ a beaſt ſaith P/i2y) which waſ called Chamſ, and by theFrench Raph/#ſ,brought in publicke ſpectacle by Pempey the great out of Frawee,which in ſhape reſembleth a wolf, andin ſpotſ a leopard ; and therefore I think that Chanmſ, Raph/uſ, and lypuſ cernariuſ ,are dinerſe nameſ of one and the ſame wilde Beaſt,and yet by dinerſ writerſ it iſ confounded with the 740eſ, or with the Panther, or with the Ounce. ButI cannot agree thereunto , ſeeing it iſ written by P/imy, that about the River Padwſ in Z#alythere are certain beaſtſ called Lyweeſ,from whence commeth the Lyrew»/@#,which by Zenothomiſ are called Lange, and by otherſ Languz#e.And Solinuſ alſo agreeth there— unto, taking Lapwſ Cerzarinſ, for a kind of Linxg. Some haue fabled that there iſ a Beaſt called Lyweenſ, which Snuidaſ and Varizuſ calt Oxadercheſ:andthey ſay ,that the cieſ ofit are the beſt ſighted of al the beaſtſ in the world. Oppianuſ maketh two kind of Linxeſ,one, a greater, and hunteth Hartſ and great Beaſteſ, the other a ſmaller and hunteth wilde catſ and Hareſ. And firſt of all I wil ſet downe the deſcriprion of thiſ beaſt, according aſ it waſ taken inEngland by that learned Phyſitian D.C4y, whoſe wordſ I do heere expreſſe. There iſ in the Tower of London{ſaith Zoh»Cay) abeaſtwhich eaterh fleſh, hiſ wholebody being of the greatneſ of a Iamb of two monthſ o]d,hauing hiſ head,mouth;feet, and nailſ,like to a cat.But concerning hiſ beard,& taile, — hiſ Pellonin: . e Aticenna The reaſon of the Lating NameS, T'wo kindeſ of Linxeſ, A ſtory of a Linxe by D, Cay caken in England by the fight of thiſ beaſt in the Tovwer, 4599 Another de— ſcription ta— ken by the ſighc of aſkin The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. hiſ beardehangeth downe on both ſideſ, divided in the middle with ſundty colourſ, the former being white, and the latter blacke : hiſ taile iſ ſhort and thicke, being from the middle to the vppermoſt part red, and to the lower part blacke : hiſ cieſ being yellowe, the haire of the eye—lidſ obſcurely waxing white. Hiſ eareſ ereC&ed vpright, aſ the eareſ of a carte, being repleniſhed withinwith white haire , without coucred with white and blacke, but ſo that the vpper parte iſ blacke , the middle, ( for itiſ deuided into three partſ) be white, and the loweſtblacke againe. Neither iſ it content to beended in hiſ owne courſe, exceptaiſo that hiſ former parteſ , or the fartheſt brinkeſ or edgeſ, and alſo hiſ to fatter may bebended on the other ſide, in like manner aſ the edgeſ of the prieſtſ hatteof the Greecianchurch arefolded amongſt the Vexerianſ. In thetop ofhiſeareſ there are placed ſome blacke haireſ, aſ it were a foretop er tuſt, 'Thecolour of thiſ beaſt in the outrmoſt partſ iſ red , in the innermoſtwhite,but ſprinkled herewith blackeſpotſ, andalmoſt by roweſ, and there with ſpotſ fome— what lighter then theother, all hiſ haire being forthe moſtpart whiteall ouer :all hiſ body except the a— foreſaid ſpotteſ, aſ it iſ in] certaine blacke Skinneſ of young Conieſ. And on both the ſideſ ofhiſ noſe thereare foure ſpotſ ſet in order. In both hiſlippeſ, aſ now wee willde. clare: in hiſ vppermoſt lippe thereare fiue orderſ or roweſ, being of a very equall di— ſtaunce. 28 Inthefirſt row, and the vpper, foure :in the ſecond, fiue : in the third, eight : in the fourth, fiue ; inthefift, there are foure, and theſealſo euery one in hiſ order, hauing an equall diſtance.In the lower lip there are onely ſeauen more manifeſt and enident, being Placcd in tworoweſ. Inthefirſt,four, to the very mouth of the lippe, in the ſecond after them three otherſ: after theſe , other leſſer but not placed with ſo certain and true order aſ the vppermoſt. In thevpperlippe on bothſideſ thereare certaine white haireſ being rougher then thoſe in Catſ and Lyonſ.Hiſ noſe, iſ ſomewhat of a palered colour, being ſomewhat di— ſtind or apart from the reſt of hiſ face on every ſide with a blacke line. Another line alſo doth deuidethe outermoſt part of hiſ noſe by length(aſ in an Ounce) but onely be— 55 ing lightly lead by the toppe or higheſt partſ, not impreſſed higher by the lower—moſt. The ſkinne of hiſ feet iſ exceeding hard, and hiſ naileſ are hid in hiſ feet (aſ the naileſ ofan Ounce and a catſare) neither doeth he put them forch at any time, vnleſſe in taking ofhiſ prey aſ they do. Hedothclimbe wonderfully, ſo, that what he may be able to do in that thinge (cither in hiſ caue or deny nature herſelfe doth teach . He iſa quicke—moouing—creature, and cannot ſtand ſtill in a place, o that except (by meer chance) the voice of a wood—pecker in the baſket of a certaine country man(who came then onely to ſeethe Zyonſ) had made himquletand attentive, therehadbene no hope of the portraiting out the piGure of hiſ body. Hebcing preſent he waſ moſt quyet: but he going away, hee would never ſtande 49 fiill: wherefore 1 waſ conſtrained to {ead my man after the Countrey man to buy the birde, which becing preſent, he ſtood very ſtill vntill the buſineſ . waſ diſpatched and the workeabſolutely perfected: a Our Country men call it Zyzazrze, it iſ doubtfull whether we ſhoulde call it Levare, or Zynx, in the affinity of the wordſ.Hiſ ſkinne iſ vſed by Noble—men,and iſ ſold for a great price.He iſangry at nonebut them which offer himiniury, hiſ voice iſ like a catſ, when he would ſnatchaway the food from hiſ fellow. He iſ louing and gentle vnto hiſ keeper» and not cruellvnto.any man, /a farre DodFor Cay. Vnto thiſ deſcription of DodGor Cainſ, I may adde another deſcription that waſ taken by theſight of the ſkinne of thiſ beaſt.— The length whereof from the tip of thenoſevnto 50 the very taile, waſ foureſpanneſ, and fiue fingerſ, and the length of the taile ſeuen fin— gerſ,the bredth of the ſhoulder—bladeſ of hiſ backe, and the toppe ofhiſ neckewaſtwo palmeſ, ſix fingerſ, and a ſpanne ; the length of hiſ foreleggeſ a ſpanne and fiue fingetſ» and thelength ofhiſ hinder—leggeſ, a ſpanneand threefingerſ, thehaire waſ very ſoft© but yet thicke and deepe, the tippeſ of the haire vpon hiſ back were white, but in the nea— thermoſtpartſ they were red, and they are moſtwhite which fail downewardeſ on boct! ſideſ from the middle of hiſ backe. $ n Of the Lynx. — 4.91 In the middle they are more redde and duſky, the middleof the belly, and eſpecially the lower part iſ white, but botbſideſ of it are white and red, and enery where vppon hiſ belly there are blackſpotſ, but moſt plentifull inche bortome of the belly, and on both fideſ. The vppermoſt part of hiſ necke, right onuer againſt hiſ eareſ, hath great blacke ſpotteſ, hiſ eareſ are ſmall, and nor bigger then alitrle Triangle, in the edgeſ they are black, although with the blacke haireſ there are mingled ſome white. Hiſ beard iſ mixed withblacke, and white haire, which haire iſ greatlike to briſtleſ. The tecthare moſtwhite and the vpper canine teeth hange ouer the neather, the breadth of afinger, whereofſixe areſmall, and of thoſe ſixe two are the greateſt, and allthe reſidueare very ſmall on the neather chapp, and to conclude, althe teeth were like a common Weaſilſ or Martill: hiſ feet were very rough, being finediſtinG claweſvpon thefore—feete, and foure vppon the hinder, which elaweſ were very whiteand ſharpe. The price of Thetaile waſ of equal bigneſſe and thickneſ, butin thetip thereof it iſ blacke. Theſe a Lyn=eſſtun ſkinneſare ſold for three Nobleſ a peece, and ſometime for ſix, and ſometimeſ for leſſe, according to the quantity of the Skinne and countrey wherein it iſ fold. And vnto thiſ de— ſcription do Be/loniuſ and Bonaruſ agree. For Be/loniuſ at Conſtantinople faw two Lynxeſ, muchlike vnto catſ, and Bowarmſ had oftentimeſ ſeene them huinted in Moyſ/chowſ/ſ, Littu— ania, Pollonia, Hungaria,and Germany : But he commendeth aboue al other the Lingeſ of Scotlandand Sweſia ,aſ moſt beautifull,hauing Triangular ſpotſ vpon theyr ſkinneſ. But 2 0 the Zudian and Affrican Linxeſ, he ſaith haue round ſpotſ, ſharpe—briſtly—ſhort—haire,and full of ſpotſ on all partſ of their body, and therefore they arenot ſo delicate aſ the Linxeſ of Exrepe, which with good cauſe heconiectureth to be the Linge that Pliyy ſpeaketh of, andnot valike to that which iſ bred in Z#4/y. There are Linxeſ in diuerſ countrieſ, aſ in the fornamed R#/ſia, Littwania,Pollonia , ungary,Germany,Scotland ſo allo they are moſt abundantin Scapdizavia, in Sweſia, ſoalſoabout H}elffia,and Helſyngia : likewiſe in all the Regionſ vpon the Alpeſ, and in Sy/wa Martia,they are alſo very plertiful in AeZh/opia, in Franceand Italy, about the river padw , and in the Iſland Carparhxſ :and thuſ bauing diſe courſed of their country and proportion, whereby their difterenceſ and kindeſ may bee diſcerned, we willleane enery one of them to their particular, and proceed to the treatiſe , and deſctiption of theirgeneral natureſ. & There iſ no great difference betwixt their outward ſhapeſ and proportion, for both the ſmaller and the greater haue bright eieſ, diverſ coloured ſkinſ, alittle head, anim— 4»... . , bleand chearefulface, and (4/berrwſ ſaithy that their body iſ longer then the body:of a ywara mape Wolfe, but their leggeſ ſhorter, miſtaking the Linxe for the Thaeſ. Their eyeſ ftande and leveral forth of their headſ very far, their tongue like the toong of a Serpeiſt, (and Texzor affir— ****** mzth) that they haue pappeſ or vdderſ in their Breaſteſ, but ſurely hee taketh Zinxe for Sphinx. C Theirmeatgoeth into the belly ſtraight through the maw,without ſtaying , and thereſ in iſ a note of their inſatiable voracity, for none but inſatiablebeaſtſ or birdſ'are ſo affec— ted ,aſ'in birdſ,the Coymerant. It hath no ankle bone, but a thing like vato it, the nailſ are 4 very long, aſ you may ſee in two of the former pictureſ, but hee hidech them within hiſ Skin til he be angry,ready to fight or climbe,,or otherwiſeaffected, aſ you may ſee by the piGureofthe Linxtaken in the Tower of London. Theinward proportion and antomy of their bodieſ iſ like vnto a manſ, and therefore Galen gineth thiſ leſſon' to ſtudentſ in Phiſicke, Preſfat ſmiarum homint, quam ſimilima— rum artuſ deſſicayecum te in exemplo exercere inſtitueſ, ſin ea non detuo aliquam ci proximam delegito,aut (i nulla ommino Simia reperiatur ,Cynocephalum,vel Satyrum,vel Lincem ſumma— tim ea omnia , quilbuſ artuum extrema, indigitoſ quing, diſcreta ſunt. That iſ to ſay . Iviſ goodto diſcecdt thoſe bodieſ which are likeſtto a man, when one would inſtru himſelfe in anatomy , and if he cannot find an Ape,let him rake a Baboone, a Satyre, or a Linx, and 5" generally any creature, the extremity of whoſe ſinneweſ and ioyntſ are diuided into fiue fingerſ or toeſ. Therebe ſomethat haue thought, that Pantherſ, Pardalſ, Lingeſ, or Tygerſ, hadde bin all of the kind of catſ, becauſe of a mutualt reſemblance in the greatneſſe and ſtrength oftheir naileſ,in the diſtinGion of their ſkinneſ, which are partye colouredand faire, ha— uing Countricſ of Lynxeſ. 492 The Hiſtory of Foure—foated Beaſtſ. ning alſo a round head , a ſhort face, a long taile, a nimble body, a wilde mind, and Sette their meat by hunting —but heerein I leane euery man to hiſ! owne beſt liking and osinſii— on : for when we haue done our beſt to expreſſe their natureſ and ſeterall propeitieſ it ſhalbe ydic to ſpend timeubout diſputation to what ranke or order,cuery beaſt ough o be referred.For cuery one that readeth our ſtury and ſeeth our piſureſ may— either bee , . __ fatiſfied, or elſ amend our laboutr. ;I;ctx:ſictſſfz;uſi_ The Linx therefore biteth moſtcruelly and deepe; and therefore iſ accounted, Rap ax onſ ot linxeſ anjmwal, inſtar lupi ſed callidinſ, a Beaſkaſ rauening aſ a wolfe, but more crafty; they gery Siumpſtt into treeſ, and from them leape downe vppon very great beaſteſ, and deſtroy them, bee. ing enemieſ both to men and beaſtſ, andat their pleaſure, according to neceſſity—ſet vp— to the placeſ of pON both. their abode, They are taken ſomtimieſ in Germany , in the dutchy of Werti@—berg, and that itwagonce credibly afirmed,one of them leaped downefrom a tree vpporia countrey man, aſ he paſſed vader theſame tree, but being weary , and _hauing an axeon hiſ necke;hereceined her on the ſharp edge thereof, and ſo killed her, otherwiſe the wouldeſoone:haue killed him. their meat or—— 3DCY lW i0 themountaineſ alſo, where they are killed by poiſon, or elſc hunted by foode. armed men on horſe—back, and included with multitudeſ, for theit hunting iſ perilouſ, and thereforethey muſt be incloſed with great company. Some take them with ditcheſ aſ we heard before Lyonſwere taken, otherſ in ſnareſ or ginneſ laide vppon the rockeſ, 20 and ſtoneſ, and whenſoener they are hunted with Dogſ;thcy run directly to the woodſ or to.the next treeſ, wherein they arekilled by gun—ſhot. In the Summer time they are very weake and line among the Rockeſ, never ſtrayinge farre from their ownelodging, burting no man vntil} the autumn: They huntwildegoatſ, whom they follow from Rocke to rocke, leaping aſ faſt, or faſter then the Goateſ. They huntalſo wilde catſ and Hareſ, and ſome otherlittle beaſtſ, but the greateſt Linxeſ hunt Harteſ and Aſſeſ; and their manner iſ aſ wee haue ſaidealready, to get vp into treeſ, and there to ly in waite for their prey, vntillthey eſpy it vader the bougheſ, and then ſudden— ly leape into the necke thereof, whether it be a man or a great Beaſt, wherein they fixtheir claweſ ſo faſt, that no violence can ſhake them off, but with the ſharpeneſſe of their teeth, 30 bite into the ſcull, and eate out the braineſ to the viter .deſtruction of the man or beaſte, whomſoener they light vpon, but if it be a ſmall beaſt, they eatethe whole body thereof, and not ondly the braineſ: 14 ſingular Yetthiſ iſ a wonderfullſecret in their nature,that although they be long affliGedwith ;?Z,Zffi:ſiſ huinger, yet when they eate their meate, if they heare any noiſe, or any other chaunce * cauſethem to turneabout from their meat, out of the ſight of it, they forgette their prey, *Pliny. notwithſtanding theyr hunger, and goe to ſeeke another bootey, neuer remembring that which they had beforethem, nor yet teturne backe— againe to eate thereof. The voice of thiſ beaſtiſ called by a ſpeciall worde in Latine,, Orrare, or Coreare, whichT may Engliſh croaking, or whining, for the voice thereof iſnot great, and therefore the Author of PA/— 48 lomelaſaith, dumlinxeſ orcando fr emunt , vr/ſuſ feruſ Vucat , while the Linxe croaketh, the the voice of wilde beare whineth. And Ar/wxawſ ſaith, Corcare vex lupe Cernarif,to croake iſ the voice Olam mag. Solinuſ. Linxeſ. * the ſight of ofa Llf\x. B — Linakſ. Itiſ thought that of all beaſteſ they ſeeme moſt brightly, for the poetſ faine, that their eie—ſight pierceth through euery ſolid body, although it be aſ thicke aſ a wall; yetif you offer vato it any thinge which iſ tranſparent, it iſ much offended, and ſometimeſ blinded, but Icannot tell, whether theſight be attributed to the Linxetruely accordinge to nature, or fabulouſly in imitation of the pocticall ficion of Lymrew, of whome it waſ ſaide in auncient time, that hee ſawe thorough ſtone Walleſ, of whome HW writeth thuſ : 39 Nowpoſiſ ocule, quantum contendere Lyncenſ Non tamen id circocontemnaſ lippuſ in vagi. Orphenſ, _Marcuſ Tulliuſ allo ſaith in thiſ manner, in the admiration of Lyzcenſ eye—ſight, aſ thogfſſl darkeneſ did not hinder it, quiſ eſt tam lyncenſ qui in tantiſ tenebriſ nihil offendat. Apollm- #ſ ſaith,thatſo greatwaſ the perfection of thiſ manſ eye—ſight, aſ he waſ belecued to ſeſ & per— Of the Lynx. 493 perfectly downe into the earth and what waſ don in Hell. P//arch ſaith, thathe could ſee thrugh treeſ & rockſ. Pay/aniaſ writeth, thathe waſ aking, and raigned after Davagwita. Pyrdaruſ writeth that idſ and Zyncenſ were the ſonſ of Aphaxenſ, and that a contention growing betwixt 244 and Caſfor and pollux at the marriage of Helea becauſe they twaine would haue rauiſhed Phrebe and Zayra; the wiveſ of 2d2, and ZLyyoenſ didtherefore ſlay The Fableſ Caſter,and afterwardſ Lyncenſ flew Pollyx when he ſpyedhim lie vnder an Oake;from the cbou Lin.ſ. mountaine Taygernſ. 9NG Jor { ceuſ. Wherefore Zwpirerſlew 1dſ with lightning, and placed Caſforatid Pallyx inheauen a— mong the ſtarſ. Therewaſ another Zypree huſband of Ppermzneſira , Daughter of Da— 10 a4m, which Danamſ hauing commanded all hiſ daughterſinthe night time to kill their huſbandſ, ſhc onely ſpared hir huſband Zyreewſ . But the truthiſg that Lyreeſſ of whom there iſ ſo many fableſ ofhiſ cielight,waſ the firſt that found out the mineſ of gold,{iluer (ilimſ, and Braſſein the earth,, and therefore ſimple people ſeeing him bring golde andiiluer out of the earth, and comming now and then vpon: him whileHiewaſ a digging deepefor it, vſing the light of Candleſ, which heneuer brought out of the pitſ, they fooliſhly ima— gined, that by the ſight ofhiſ cieſ he waſ firſtof all ledto ſeeke forthoſe treaſureſ, and Palephanſ from hence came the common prouerb. Zyrceo perſpitacior , for a maniof excellent eye— ſight; and to concludeotherſ ſay,that Zypcewſ: couldſee the new Moone the ſame day or night that ſhe changed, and that therefore the fame of hiſ eye—ſight camneſo to be cele— 20 brated; becauſe nenerany mortallman ſaw thatſight himſelfe excepted. Andfrom theſe. fableſ of Lyreewſ came the opinion of theſingular perſpicacity of the beaſtLinx: ofwhomy aſ I ſaid before , aſ the ſight iſ very excellent, and ſo farre excelling men, (aſ.Galen ſaith). like aſ iſ alſo the ſight of Zg/eſ, ſo Idonot holdany ſuch extraordinarie and/miraculouſ ſence tobe in thiſ beaſt, after any othermanner, then the'Poctſ did feigne ittobein Z7m: cenſ,cxcept aſ before ſaid, Owmmeſ imbeciliere ſwunenwſ cernendipoteſtateſſt aquilarum et Lyuliſſ acuminibuſ conferamur . Vertitur in lapideſ; Cy congelat aere tailo. ImA faarl ei Ty 3 ctnn metioitn alrbipnodo y he ,_ But they ſay that of the male commeth the fiery, andyellowe Amber, and: of theſemale commeththewhitcand pale Amber. In Italy they call it Laygazivmſ, and thebcaZa@: gaurie, and Lange. Thiſ Eyuonrinm iſ called ofſome Elet?rum, Pterygophoron, andthey ſay it iſ the ſame which will draw vnto itleaueſ, ſtrawe; and plateſ of Brafleantiyron, accor ding totheopinionſ of Diacleſy and Theophraſ?uſ, and that being drunke outof Wiateriſ goodfor the ſtomacke, and very conuenient forthefluxe of the belly, according to D#d+ . georideſyand'that incureththepaineſ of the reineſ; and hcaleth thekingſcuill, atcording . u4 /»>» 5) texſolinuſ;And Theophraſtuſ goethabout to eſtabliſh thiſ opinion by reaſon;andlabdreth +©444+ tolperſwadeitaſ probable, that the vrine of a Linxg; ſhould congeale into a ſtone . ameng dand, aſ wellaſ thevrine ofaman,to ingendera ſtone in the raineſ or in the bladdet—(; . — Andofthiſ opinioniſ P/azy, Theophraſtuſ, Heſpchinſ,Parinuſ; Zecnothimiſ)Piuterchyand ArztotieBitin my opinion itiſ but a fable:For Theſphraſt himſelfeconfeſſetathatZynme@; rium, which he caleth Lyygurion,and Amber Hwaloſ ,iſ diggedoucoſthecartinLaguia Sudineſ,& Metradoruſ ſay that there iſ a certaintreeian L_)/,_Euria, out df—which amber iſ ta— ken,& thiſ tree iſ the blacke Popler,&it iſ alſo very probable, that ſecing thiſ Amber.waſ firſ of all brought into Greeee out of Lygurin 5 according to:the denomination of all NX Yy ſtrarge 424 Muſhromſ grow out of a ſtone. Vſeſ of theyr ſeucral partſ, Lynxeſ ta— med, The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ſtrange thingſ,chey called itn 2y@gu7/mm after the name of the country whereupon the iſ. norant Latineſ did feigne an etimology of the worde Lypenrinmw,qu4/ LJMxi@ vrinam,and vppon thiſ weake foundation have they raiſed that vaine buildinge ; and for further de.. monſtration of thiſ truth; (D/9/er@deſ ſaithy in hiſ diſcourſe of the Popler , that it grow., ing about the riner 24,//4p@ſ,ſendeth forth a certaine humor like teareſ which groweth hard, whereofthey make that which iſ called ElecZrum, being rubbed, it ſmelleth ſweete, and for that it hath not onely power to draw vnto it, Braſſe, Itron, and ſuch thingeſ, byt alſo gold ; It iſ alſo called Chry/ſaphoton 5 vnto thiſ Zwc/ianwſ ſubſcribeth, and whereaſ it waſ ſaid that in Italy thiſ Amber: ſtone iſ begotten,neare the river Padwſ,where ſtand ma. ny white Poplerſ,my conieAure iſ, thatſome ſuch like humor may iſſue out of them, & 10 not onely by accident, butthrough affinity of nature, and condenlate into a ſtone, which the people finding,couered in the ſind vnder the treeſ,and through their former perſwa— ſton, might eaſily take it for the ſtone ingendred by the vrine of the Zinx. Hermolauſ allo writeth thiſ of the Lycuyr/em, that it growecth in a certaine ſtone,and that it iſ a kind of MyſProm, or Padſfaole which iſ cut off yearely, andthat another groweth in the roome of it, a part of the roote or foot being left in the ſtone,groweth aſ hard aſ a flint, and thuſ doth the ſtone encreaſe, with a naturall fecundity : which admirable thing (ſaith he) I could neuer bebrought to belecue, vntill I did eate thereof in myne owne houſe. Euax (aſ iſ recyted by Syluaticſſ ſaith ) that the vrine of the Linx, dord /ernatuſ, gene— rat optimoſ fungoſ ſupra ſe quotaniſ, reſexued at home in oneſ houſe, bringeth forth euery 26 yeare the beſt Myſbromſ . Thiſ iſ alſo called lapiſ Litx/, and /apiſ praſinſ , which iſ deui— ded into three kindeſ, that iſ Zaſpiſ, Armeniacuſ,and lapiſ phrigiuſ called alſoBeleminteſ ; wherewithall the Chirurgianſ of Pruſſia and Pomerania, cure greene woundſ, and the Phi— fitianſ breake the ſtone in the bladder. But the true Zypewr/wp» which iſ extant at thiſ day, and currant among the Apothecarieſ ,iſ aſ light aſ the Pummiſ—ſtone, agd aſ big aſfilleth a manſfiſt, being of a blackiſh colour,or of a ruſſet ; the ruſſet iſ more ſolide; ſandy , and fat, and being bruiſed or eaten, taſteth like earch : boch kindſ are coucred with little white ſkinlſ,and there iſ apparant in them ,a ſpungy tenatiouſ ſubſtance, and thiſ I' take to be the Moferom,vhereof Hermolanſ ſpeaketh. And by thelittle ſtoneſ and ſimall Skinneſ, itmay be coniecured tobe eoypuſ hererogoneſ, mterracoaleſcenſ : A Hetrogenianbody, encrea— 39 fing in the earth, wherewithball it hathno affinity. There waſ another ſtone of the vrineof a Linxto be ſeen in Sawey, the ſubſtance wherof waſ clearely chriſtal,che forme of it waſ triangular , the hardneſſo,aſ you might ſtikefire with it, and the colour partly white; and partly like wine mingled with water, ſo that T will conclude, that the vrine of a Linx may en gender a ſtone, though not in ſuch manneraſ iſ beforeſaide. For the Arabian 207474 affirmeth, that with in ſeaucn daieſ after theren= dting,it turneth into a ſtone; but itiſ not the Zymerzivſ property ſo called, for that iſ the Amber or gum before ſpoken of, although catacreſtically ſo called. And ifit be true, that there bee certaine Mw/b/omſ neare the red—ſea, which by the heat ottheſunne are hardned into ſtoneſ,:then alſo it may follow:very naturally, that thoſe 48 ſtoneſ may produce Mu/bromſ againe ; for bothithe difſolution and the conſtitution of thingſ are thought to be grounded vpHon the ſame principleſ. And thuſ much ſhal ſuffice for the vrine of the Linx, and the ſtonemade thereof, The ſkinſ of Linxeſaremoſt pretiouſ,& vſedinthe garmentſ of the greateſt eſtateſ,both Lordſ,Kingſ, and Emperorſ, aſ wehaue: ſhewed before, and for that cauſe are ſold ve deare ; The claweſ of thiſ beaſt, eſpecially of the right foote, which hee vſethinſteadof a hand, are encluded in ſiluer, and ſold for nobleſ a peece, and for Amuletſ to bee worne# gainſtthe falling ſickneſſe. The loue of theſe beaſtſ to their young oneſ iſ very great, like aſ the Pardalſ,Lionſ, and Tygerſ.Theking of Tyzzar3a hath tame Linxeſ which he vſc_ſi.ſh inhunting inſtead of dogſ. The ancient Paganſ dedicated thiſbeaſt to Barchwſ, feigning 50 that when he triumphed in hiſ chariot of vine brancheſ, hee waſ drawne by Tygerſ, ad Linxeſ. Andtherefore Firg/// ſaith, Owid Lynceſ Bacchi varize, Andonid: rd DicEa racemifero, Lymeaſ dediſ India Baccho. The Oſ the eM arten. 4.95 Althe naileſ of a Linx being burned with the ſkin,beaten into powder,and given in drink will very much cobibite ang reſtraine abhominable lechery in men : it will alſo reſtraine the medcineſ the luſt in women being ſprinkled vpon them : and alſo very effecually and ſpedily rake ****/"* away either itch or ſcurfein man or womanſ body. The vrin of thiſ beaſt iſ accounted ve— ) ry medicinable for thoſe which are troubled with the ſtrangury, or running of the raineſ. The ſame iſ alſo very good and wholeſome for the curing of any paine or griefe in the wind—pipeor throat, Bopa7rwſ Baro doth affirme that the naileſ of Linxeſ whichare in their . country ,are had in great eſtimation and priceamongſttheit pierſor noble men : for there / iſ a very certaine opinion amongſt them , that thoſe naileſ being putvpon the yeard of ci— ther horſe or beaſt whoſe vrine iſ kept backe or reſtrained, will in very ſhortſpace cauſe them to void it without any griefe at al . He reporteth alſo that their maileſ doe there wax white, and thatthey include them all in ſiluer, and do commend them for an excellent re— medy againſt the cramp, if they be worne (peradventure becauſe they are bending and crooked) by which perſwaſion ther are ſomeſuperſtitiouſ men which hang certain rooteſ which are crooked andknotty about them, againſt the crampe . Therearelikewiſe ſome which do aſcertaine that theſe naileſ are good and ready helpeſ for the ſoreneſ of the vn— ula which ſ inHorſeſ moutheſ : and for that cauſe thereare many horſemen which carry them continually about them. __ _The Linxeor wolfe , which iſ begotten of a wolfe and a Hinde, the Muſk—cat, the wea— »,,,4,,,, o ſellandalſuch other like beaſtſ, do morehurt men by their biting teeth—woundſ thea by Ppoiſon. There waſ a cetrtaine hunter aſ Colliz»ſ reportetb, which told him that the fleſh of a Linx being ſod in ſome whot pottage or broth, and afterwardeſ eaten , would be a very good and wholeſome medicine for the expeiling ofthe Ague, or quartan feauer : and that the boneſ ofthe ſame beaſtbeing brentand pounded into powder, would be a very excel— lent remedy for the curing of woundſ which are old and ſtale, and ful of putrifaGion, aſ alſo the Fiſtulaeſ which grow in the thigheſ or hipſ of men. Of the Marder, Martell, or Marten. == Hiſ beaſtiſ called in the Hebrew Orxch,or aſ ſomeſay Z//m, 7\)|I| amongſtthe Arabianſ E4ſfec,or rather Kacheobeon, or Ka— Pite inerct {ZZP \ chineon, in Latine Marteſ : the Germanſ Marder, or Marter mſictſict:"ctſi like the engliſh, the Italianſ Mazza, Marztorc, or Marzorello, the French Mardzre or Foyme,the Spaniardſ Maz#a, the Illiri— ?\| anſ and Polonianſ Xwm#4, and ſome later Latinſ vſe theſe wordſ Mazz#a, Martaruſ, Marturuſ, and Marturelluſ,& the reaſon, or etimoligy of thiſ Latin worde iſ taken from Maz— tia, which ſignifieth Marz/ial, becauſe thiſ beaſt in warlike & hoſtill manner, deſtroyeth her aduerſarieſ, andlivethypon twe tki:*k of the prey, of henſ,birdſ,and Mice. The Germanſ deuide theſe into two kindſ, which they tt callby the nameſ of Tachmarder, Huſſmarder, Steinmarder, Buochmarder, Feldmarder, Wildmarder ,Thanmarder, Fiechtmarder, that iſ to lay , The fir—Martin , the rock—Martin, the tame—martin, the beech—martin, thefield—martin, the wild—martin, and the wall—mar— tin. For they line either in houſeſ, walſ, and templeſ, or elſe in rockeſ, fieldſ, and woodſ: And yet iſ not their diſtinGion, taken onely fromthe placeſ of their aboad,butalſo from the goodneſſe of their ſkinſ. . _ Placeſ of Andtherefore theFrench call the word Martin by the name of Foimeſ: And the gkinſ their abode. of thefirre—martin,or houſe—martin, are far more beautifullto lookevppon, then thoſe that line wilde in the treeſ or woodeſ. Agricalſ calleth the wood—martin Bammmarder ,by— 0 canſeitliueth for the moſtpart in treeſ, and ſaith that itnever ſorſaquh the woode.s or very ſildome, and therefore in that thing differechfrom the firre—martin. But heerein he ſcemeth to be deceined, that he aſcribeth to the beech—martin a loamic or red throat,and alſo a continuall aboad among the woodſ. For they come ſometimeſ to houſeſ, andto rockſ, for which aſ we hauc ſaid already ,it iſ called a houſe—marder,& rock—marder. And al theſe multitude of nameſ, doe but expreſſe the two kindſ afore named, whereofthefirre— & Vy 2 martin Pliny. 49 6 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Thepilture of the Marten. Martiniſ moſtexcelent,for princeſ The vie of . and great Nobleſ are clothed ther— omid ſicrfſiſiu?; with, euery ſkinne being woorthe a the beſt. . Erench crowne, or foure ſhillingeſ arthe leaſt. And they areſo much the beter, when there are more whit haireſ aſperſed among the yellowe. For their ordivary colour iſ a deep browne yellowe, and theſethatare 3 o cleanewhite, arefoure timeſ worſe 1 then the former 5and thereforeare notſolde for aboue three or foure groatſ a peece, howſlocuer theſay— ing of Martiall, Venator capta Marte Superbuſ ad eft. Heerecommeth the proud hunter that hath killed a Aday tin, may very well be applyed vnto them which take any of theſe beaſtſ, for they cannot chuſe but bee very joyful, which get a goodſum of mo— ny for a littlelabour aſ they haue for Difference a pa47#inſ Skin. By inſpeGion ofthe =——— '\ſſct/ſi/\// —— :\/ —— —_—— >_ = o __ 2 —___ h W & Mae ÞZ;ZLſisZand Foineſ, that iſ 5 The martinſ of the A \\ Martenaſ beech, forthe Frenchmen called a ſh ſh//hſiſi/ſſ?\ſſ?ſſ// Beecch F2#, from whence commeth < ſii{//{/ſſ/ffifl}}ſſ/ſſ/ſſ/{#ffl;}ſſ the word Foimeſ, you may ſee, that \MM 2 \\ 9 that their ſkinſ are more duſky, ha— @Z\Y\%ffl uing a tail both greater and blacker \\| ? then the 7#/7; of the firreſ. And |\\\ therefore you muſt vnderſtand,cthat j} they of the Firſ, are by way of exce— lency called arzinſ, and the other of the woodſ called Foiweſ. There iſ no great difference betwixte theyr bigneſ : and if by their Skinſ at any time thereſeeme any incquality, in breadth, or length, it muſtbe attri— buted to their age and difference of yearſ,and not to any proportion in nature or diſtinGion of kind. And aſ we haue ſaid that the fir—marz/nſ are abſolutly the beſt, yet that iſ notto be vnderſtoode generally. For the martinſ of Pollonia ate ſo brown ,that they are altogither diſliked, and are 11 accounted no better then the common beech—marzinſ.Wherefore the bright—brownea— Recionſreſ ſperſed with white haireſ, iſ enuer accounted more pretiouſ without all exception,and by ding Marreſ. that colour vpon the backe of the Skin, the—Skinner indgeth of the woorth, and not by the yellowneſſe of the throat. Oftheſe Beech—martinſ there are great plenty in the Alpeſ» eſpecially on the South—ſide, which look towardſ Italy, but verie few of the wal—martinſ. But onthoſe partſ of the Alpeſ which looke towardſ Germany and the North, there are a— boundance of fir—martinſ with yellow throateſ, for you muſt remember that the wilde martin hath a white throat, and the firr—marcin a yellow throat. } T e ;,\"ſiz*,.ſſi. ///////\_ Gn J TT DWDYY a © There 10 20 Of the Martin. 497 Therearealſo of both kindſ in Felwer?a, and the moſt excellent are in the vaileſ towardeſ Eraſ Stellſ the Alpeſ. In France thercare no Martinſ of the wall, but the beach Mattinſ liue in hol— low beacheſ. Therearealſo woodſ full of theſe beaſteſ in Bry/ſ4, which thepeople there call Gayn;, Lanzarucea a wood of Scandenauia foureſcore mile long, iſ fullof Martinſ. Al— ſo Muſcouey, and Littuania hauc ſtore of theſe beaſtſ,and Sabelſ. But they of Lit/@anuia,are Olunſ Mag. the whiteſt in the world. — The people of Swymaſia in Europe, weare garmentſ of theſe in ſableſ ; and the inhabi— tantſ of Scith1a, Hungaria,neare Tamnayotſ ,do pay yearly vato the Emperor of Ru/hra,once called the Duke of A#/@oui4,a certainenumberof Sabe/ſ,and Martinſ ſkinſ. There are al— o ſtore of Martinſ neare Bragaz/@, and generally in all partſ of Europ except in England . They are in quantity about the bigneſ of a Cat,hauing longer bodieſ,but ſhorter leggeſ, with headſ and taileſ like a Fox, their Skinſ ordinarily broune,whiteon the throat,& more meir quaati— yellow on the back. Their teethare exceeding white, and vnequall, one longer then ano— ty and ſevral ther, being aboue meaſure ſharp, and the canine reeth bothaboue and bencath hang out ****** very long, Amongſt which on the neather chap, ſtandſixe {mall cutting teeth in a right line ouer againſtoneanother, which—I'thinke happeneth not in any other beaſt of the world. The grinding teeth are like a ſaw, being triangular infaſbionzyeight aboue, & cight beneath : Whereofthefurthermoſt vppon the vppermoſt fide ofthe mouth ,are more deepe, and inward in the pallat, then all the reſidue , the whole number iſ thirty two. The long haireſ vpon their vpper lip do bend cleane backwardſ.Notwithſtanding that there be two kindeſ of thiſ beaſt aſ alteady we hate ſaide, yet do the Wood—Martinſ,or beach—Martinſ,greatly deſire copulation with the other , wherefore Alberruſ faith mi/cen— tur inter ſ hac genera, Co Marteſ thagi,fere ſequitut , Martem abietum,tangnam nobiliorem, their copulſ vt fetum ex ea nobiliorem acquirat. The beech—Martin followerh the firre Martin, and de— oW ſireth her copulation aſ the nobler kinde , that he may thereby dignifie hiſ owne yſſue. Io, Bobemmſ Itſhould ſeeme that they breede in March, and make their neſteſ , like the draieſ of ſquir— — "relſ, and bring forth many at a time ; For it waſ conſtantly affirmed, by a country man of 30 49 g5o Germany;that hefound a neſt of theſe Martiaſ builded like a Squirrelleſ,, hauing foure young oneſ in it, in the beginning of Aprill. 3 Ifthey be taken when they be young, both one and other kind growwonderfull time the tamingof and familiar with men and dogſ . And Ge/wer had one of theſe, which loned a little Dog Martinſ wonderfully, and would follow him abroad whether ſocuer he went,far or neare. It would alſo play with dogſ and men, withteeth and naileſ, lying flat vpon the backe like a Cat,and nener give any litle hurt.But loſened fro hiſ chain it would wander abroad into the neigh— borſ houſeſ, and many timeſ far of, but alwaieſ returne home againe. They which tame them becauſe that they are eaſily exaſperated, and bite deepely when they are angry, doe breake off the topſ of their canine teeth with a paire of pinſonſ,for the preventing of that miſchiefe . Rwe//auſ affirmeth ,that the excrement of thiſ beaſtſmelleth like a muſk—cat,an ſaith the reaſon of it iſ, becauſe they feede vpon ſweete fruitſ; but we haue heard that they eate pullin birdſ,eagſ, and mice, but that they cate of fruitſ it cannot be proued. Irather attribute it vato their owne nature. For aſ the Martin apeſmelleth ſweetly after hir meat, ſo may thiſ Martin—weaſelrender a ſweet excrement, to conclud,the ſkinſ oftheſe beaſtſ iſ applyed to gouty legſ, and the white haireſ of the throat made into a cap, iſ very ſuffe— rant for the headache. They may be taken with dogſ, or in trapſ,but commonly they are taken in ditcheſ or pitfalſ, acording to thiſ verſe of Calepſinſ, wherwithall I willconclude, Ex laqueo vulpeſ, Cr decipe, caſſe—foinaſ. Vy3 their Food, Of oT fM DE DS: tTt aD ad Se nniauol aT 498 The Hiſtory of Foure—feoted Beaſtſ. OF T HE MOLE OR—WANT 10 NSq \ Sfebtoint \%"\ \:\ſi\\\ſſ NSSS Sniniaiinobatait nfnnidooaaoiinoiiinanndyn® SeponoiniindgigggiIiDDD NEDEESI| tt SN \ SS\ 3 tt RfinniNISan Siuoddodooa) NW 20 | ] Do vtterly diſſent from all them that holde opinion that the J | Mole or VWant iſ of thekinde of Myſe, for that all of themin generall, both oneand other hane two longe crookedfore— teeth which iſ not in Moleſ,and therfore wanting thoſeaſ the infeperable propriety of kind 5 we wil take it for graunted that itpertaineth not to that ranke or order of four—footed—beaſtſ. But concerning the Hxbrew name thereof, there iſ muchvva— riance,andlitrle certamety amongſtwriterſ.Some of them cal— ling it Ti@ſchemet, which word iſ found Dewr. 14.. which iſ alſo tranſlated by the Chaldeeſ Bez#ſ or Baueta a ſ{wan, and the Septuagintſ and Zeromz, Thiſ & 10 Rabbi Salomon in another place of the ſame Chapter tranſlate it a Bat, which the French call Chanlue—ſouriſ—Butin that place of Lea#?. 1 1.wherethe Srellio,the zyzard,and Tip/che— met are reckoned vncleane beaſkeſ, Rabbi Salowon interpret it Tulpaz: the Mole.The Sep— — tuagintſ A/palax,the Chaldec. A/chuta, the Arabian Lempbaraz. The Perſian Angurbab— Dedach.There iſ a ſentence E/ay. 2. in Hzbrew thuſ.Lacheper perot velatalephin, which by Munſter iſ thuſ tranſlated. 27 die projiciet homo aureoſ & argenteoſ deoſ, in foſſur aſ talpa— yum &y viſpertilionum,In that dayſhal a man caſt away hiſ goodſ of ſilner and gold into the holeſ of Moleſ and Batſ. By S+Ierom it iſ tran{lated thuſ : Progciet homo Idola, v/que vt adoraret talpaſ G ver ſpertilioneſ.A man (hall caſt away hiſ Idolſ to worſbip Moleſ and Batſ. Some a— gaine make but one word of Lacheporperet , and tranſlate it a beaſt digging ditcheſ: andthe 49 Septuagintſ, ydolſ or abhominationſ, and thinke that they were ſo called becauſe their \outwarde forme repreſenteth ſome ſuch reptile creature, and Sypraachmſ, vaprofitable thingſ : but Aquilſ Oragaſ, digging—beaſtſ : and therefore at thiſ day all the learned take Peret for Moleſ, ſo called by reaſon of their digging. + Aw/cen calleth it pPelageſ, a blinde Mouſe. In Greeke it iſ called. ſometimeſ Sp4/ax, but more often Aſpalax : yet Albertmſ calleth it by a ſtrange Graecian name Colfy and Kaky, which he tookefrom Auicen. The Italianſ retaine the latine word 74/pſ, the Spaniardſ Typo, by which word the Ita— lianſ at thiſ day call a Mouſe. TheErench callit Tawſpe, the Germaineſ Mulwerf, and in Saxon,Molwurſſe, from whence iſ derined the Engliſh Mole and Molewarpe.The Helueti— tianſ Scher and Schermonſe,andthe Molchil they cal Scherufen of digging. The Hollander! 5 and the Flem»mingſ call it Mol and Melmajſin imitation of the German worde : the Illyri— anſ Irize . And generally the name iſ taken from digging and turning vp the earth with her noſe & backe, according to the ſay ing of 7zrei// : Aut oculiſ capti fodere cubilia Talpſ. The ſeuerali nameſ. a Some EMama naaant ____onreſ Noo Of the Mole. 499 Someare of opinion, thativiſ called Twſpa;bycanſeitiſappointed to an encrlaſting datk— neſſle in the earthſ of wh ich ſort 7//d@7mſ writettathuſ: Talpadidneſt e quod perpetua caci— tate tencbriſ damnata eſt enim ab/i, oculiſ. ; wollod Xviſcalledalſo inGrecke /edowro}5and Siphnenſ; of Sphnonthe earth; becauſe itlineth intheearth,and turneth it vpward'tomake it hollow for paſſige. The like iI might ſay. of hiſ other nameſ ; Zxliocha,; and Orzhoponticoſ, but thiſ ſhall ſufficeforhiſname.0.: \ In Bdeotiaabout the Champaigneſ called Orchomeniuſ ager, there aretlie greateſuſtore ©*""4* of Moleſ in the world, for by digging they vnderamyne allthc fieldeſ, andyet inZcbadin Ariſſore, anothercountry of Be0tia, therearevone at all; and if they be brought thither from adity Achonuſ, ro—otherplace they wilnener dig but die Rodp/p/lwſ;Oppinnuſ, and Alberteſ afirme,that they _ are created ofthemſelueſ of wet earth and raine warer, forwhein the earili beginuceth to 77 . . M 4 ) Genetation putrifie ,the Mole beginnethtorake he. to gorG}orſ nod ti 2 SfMoleſ They.are all for the moſtpart of a blacke duſky coljour, with roughy ſhort, andſmoth fofthaireaſ wooll, and thoſe haireſ which were—whiteſt when they are yo unghare moſt gliſtering and perfect blacke when theyare old :and Ge/@@#7 affitracthythatheeſaw—iinthe endof October, a Moke taken, which waſ very white, mixed mithalitiered, and thered waſ moſt of all vpon her belly, betwixt her forelegſ andthe necke, and thanincould not be a young one, bycauſcit waſ twopalmeſinlengthbetwixt h iſ headandtaile<:/— | —: —— & Theſebeaſtſ areall blind and want cieſ, and therefore carne the pronerbe TW/pa cacior E:ſi:ſſſſſſ of 20 Tuphlotereſ aſpaliaceſ , blinder then a Mole; to ſignific, amanwithoutallindginent,wit,or 5 fore—ſight: for it iſ moſt elegantly applyed to the minde. Yet if;my man lookd earneſtly vpon the placeſ wherethe eieſ ſhould grow, heſhalk—perceing a little paſſage, by drawing vp themembranc or little ſkinne which iſ black, and therefore (tri//orleſaithyofthem in thiſ uanner probably. }4 iw : 91 ! arl £hio o ſ Allkindſ of Moleſ want their ſight, becauſe they haue n ot their eieſ openand naked aſ other beaſtſ , but if a man pullvp the Skinne of their browe'ſ abouttheplace of their cieſ, which iſ thicke and ſhawdoweth theirſight, he ſhal percer no—im them inward.coucred cieſ,for they hauc the blacke circle, and theapple,;; which iſ | contained therein; atidano— ther partof the whitecitcle or ſSkinne; butnot apparantly em nentſ neither.indeede can 30 they, becatiſenature at the time of generation iſ hindered,for ſ rom the braineſ therebe— long to the cieſ two ſtronge nerny paſſageſ, which are ended.at the vpper tecth, and therefore their nature being hindered , itleauethanimperfe% worke of ſightbchinde her. iſ Yet there iſ in thiſ Beaſt a plaine and bald place of the 5kin where the eieſſhould ſtand, hauing outwardly a little blacke ſpotlike a Milletor Poppey—ſeede, fiſtened toa Nerue inwardly, by preſſing it, there followeth a blacke humor or moyſtoeſſe, and by difſeGion of a Mole great with young, it iſ apparant (aſ hath beehc prooued ). that the young oneſ beforebirth have cieſ, but afterbirth,lining continually in the darke earthwithoutlight, they ceaſe to grow to any perfection ; for indeede they needethena not, becauſebcing . . ſ 40 out of the earththey cannotlineaboucanhoure or two. Eſ/@pe hath a prettyfable of the —Lo.. <—.: Aſſe, Apc, and Mole,; eachonce complaining of otherſ natural wantſ : the Afe, thathe hadno Horneſ, and waſ therefore vnarmed : the Ape; that he had no taile like other beaſteſ of hiſ ſtatureandquantity , and therefore waſ vnhandſomeſ to both which the Mole makethaunſwer, that they may wellbe ſilent, for that ſhe wantethcicſ, and ſo inſi— nuateth;that they which complaine ſhall find by conſideration and compariſion of their o};vnc wanteſ to otherſ, that they are happy and want nothing thatwere profitable for them. _ { Oppiannſ ſaith, thatthere waſ one Phinewſ which waſ firſt deprived of hiſ cie—ſight, and afterwardturned into' a Mole : It ſhouldſeeme he waſ condemned firſt to looſeiBiſcieſ, andafterward hiſ life. i Their ſeuvral o , TheſeMoleſ haue no eareſ, and yet they heare in the earth more nimbly and perfectly pattt S thimt then men can abone the ſaine, for at euery ſtep or ſmall noiſe and almoſt breathing,they areterrified and run away,& therfore(Pliny ſaith) that they vnderſtaindalſpeacheſ ſpoken of theſelueſ,& they hear much better vnder the carth then beingaboue & out of the eartg an Albertuſ 500 Cardan#ſir. the placeſ of their abode The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. And for thiſ cauſe they dig about their lodging long paſſageſ, whichbringeth noiſerand voiceſ tothem, being ſpoken nener folow and {oftly, like aſ the voice of amancarrietin a trunke, reed, or hollow thing . v . Their nowe iſ not like a Wealſilſ (aſ SW//@ſ ſaith) but rather like a ſhrewe=—mouſeſ, or (ifit be Iawſullto compareſmall with great) likeroa@ HoggeſTheirrectharelikeaſhtewſ. and a Doggeſ, like a ſhreweſ in the neather teethandfurthermoſtinner teeth; whichare ſharpe pointed andlowe inwardly ;andlike a doggeſ»becauſe theyare long avtheſideſ, altiough onely vpon the vpper—iaw,; andtherefore they are woorthily. called by the Gree. cianſ Mareetatouſ 53 that iſ, daungecronſ—biting—teeth;for aſ in ſwinethe vnderreeth 'ftand out abouetthe vpper,and inElephantſ and Moldeſ, the vpper hang ouer the neather; for which cauſe they are called Fyperphereiſ: nitſ} The tong iſ no greater then theſpace or hollowein the neatherchap,, and they haveina imanneraſdittle voice aſ fight, and yet I marucilehow the prouerbc.camc of Eograx Tal— pa, a pratling mould, ina populat reproach againſt woordy andtalkative perſonſ;which Ammtanuſ faith , waſ firſt of all applyed to one Zwlianeſ Capella,after hechad ſo behaued thimſelferthat he had loſtthe good opinion of all men. | Theneckeſeemethto bee nothingiitiſ ſo ſhort;ſtanding equaliwith the forlepgeſ. Thelightſ arenothingelſe but diſtinguiſhed and ſeperated Fibreſ}jand hang notrogither vponany commontoot or beginning;,and theyate placed or ſeated with the chart; which they encloſe; muchlower toward thebelly then in any other beaſt.Their galizyellowiſh, their feet like a beareſ, and ſhort leggeſ, whereforethey mone and rurne but ſlowly : their fingerſ ortoeſ wherewithall they diggethe earth, arearmed with ſharp naileſ, and when ſhe feelethany harme vpon herbacke, preſently ſhe tumeth vpwarde and deferdethher ſelfe with her ſnowt and feet : with herfeete ſhe diggeth, and with her noſe caſtecawaye the earth, and therefore ſuch earch iſ called in Germany rd/weyſfjand in England Mole. hillrand ſhe loucth the fieldeſ, eſpecially meddoweſ:and Gardenſ, wherethe ground iſ foft, forlit iſ admirable with what celerity ſhe caſtethvp the earch. } They haue fine toeſ with claweſ vpon each forefoot, and foure vpon eachfoote bec— hind, according to AVbe7#uſ, but by diligent inſpection you ſhall find fiue behind alſo.for there iſ one very littleand recurued backward, which a man ſlightly and negligently loo— king vpon , would taketo be nothing.The palme of the forefect iſ broad like a manſ hand, and hath a hollow in itifitbe put togither like a fiſt, and the toeſ or fingerſ with the naileſ are greater then any other beaſt of that quantity. And to the end that he might be welar— med to digge,the forepart of her foreleggeſ conſiſt oftwo ſolide and found boneſ which are faſtned to her ſhoulderſ,and her claweſ ſpread abroad, not bending downewarde, and thiſ iſ peculiar to thiſ beaſt not competible to any other, but in her hinder leggeſ bocth before and behind they arelike a Mouſeſ; exceprt in the part beneath the knee, which con— ſiſtecth but of one bone which iſ alſo forked and twiſted. The taile iſ ſhort and hairy:: And thuſ much for the anatomy and ſeuerall partſ. They line aſ we hauedſaidein the earth, and therfore Cardanſaith, thatthere iſ no crea— ture which hath blood and breath that linethſo long togithervnder the earth,and that the earth dothnot hinder their exſpiration and inſpiration ; for which canſe they keepe it hol— Jowabouc them, that at no time they may want breathy although they doe not heaue in two or three daieſ 5 but Erather beleeue when they heave, they doeit more for meate then for breath, for by digging and remoouing the earth they take Wormeſ,andhunt after vidualſ. i When the wormeſ arefollowed by Moldſ, (for by digging and heauing, they fore— knowtheirowne perdition) they flie to the ſuperficieſ and very roppe of the earth, the ſil— ly beaſtknowing that the Molde their aduerſary, dare not followe them into thelight, ſo that their wit in flying their enemy iſ greater,then in turning againe when they are troade vpon.Theylonealſo to eat Toadſand Eroggeſ (for Alberrzuſ iaithyheſawagreat Toade whoſe legge a Mole heldefaſtin the earth , and that the Toade made an exceeding great noiſe, ery ing out for hirlife, during the time that the Molde did bite hir. And therefore Toadſ and frogſ do eat dead Moleſ. They eat alſo the root of herbſ and plantſ,;for which cauſe they are called by Oppiannſ, poiephagi Herbinore hetbe—caterſ— — 1 & a 49 () am Of the Mole. 5O1 In the month of Iuly they come abroad out of the earth, I thinke to ſeeke meate at that Enemicſ to time when wormeſ be ſeanty. They are hunted by Weaſelſ,and wilde Catſ, for they will Vinlaly follow them into theirholeſ and take them, but the Catſ do not eate them ; whereaſ wee haveſaid alreadye,thatthey haue an vaderſtanding of menſ ſpeech when they heare them talke of them. Vnderſtand— Imayadde thereiinto a ſtoryoftheir vndcrl*:anding7 thuſ related by Gillinuſin hiſ own ing of Moleſ experienceand knowledge . When Ihad (faith he) put downe intothe earth an earthen pot made of purpoſe with a narrow month to take Moleſ, it fortuned that within ſhorte ſpace aſ a blind Mole came along ſhee fellinto it and could not get forthagaine, butlay 10 thereinwhyningſ one of her felloweſ which followed her ſeeing hiſ matetaken, heaued vp the earth aboue the pot,& with her noſe caſt in ſo much;tilſhehad raiſed vp hercom— panion:to the brim and waſ ready to come forth : by which in that blind creature confi— ned to darkneſſe, doth not onely appeare a wonderfull worke of almighty God,thaten— doweththem with Skillto defend, and wiſely to prouide for their owne ſafety, but alſo plantedinthem ſuch a naturall and mutuall loue one to another, which iſ ſo'much the more admirable,conſidering their beginning or creation aſ we haue ſhewed already, Becauſeby their continuall heauing and laboring for meate, they doe much harme to Gardenſ and other placeſ of their aboad, and therefore in the huſband—manſ and houſe— Taking of wifeſ common—wealth it iſ an acceptable labor to take and deſtroy.them. For which cauſe Moleſ 26 it iſ goodto.obſerne their paſſigeſ, and marke the timeſ oftheir comming to labor, which being perceined they are eaſily turned out ofthe earth with a ſpade, and thiſ waſ the firſt and moſtcommon way. inoon Some baue placed a boord full of pikeſ which they faſten vppon aſmal! ſtickeinthe mole—hilor paſſage, and when themole commeth to heaue vp the earth, by touching the ſticke ſhe bringeth down the pikeſ and ſharp nailed board vpon her owne body and back. Other take a Wyar or yron,and make it to hane a very ſharp point,which being faſtened to a ſtaffe and put into the earth wherethe Moleſ paſſage iſ, they bend and ſoſet yp that when the Molecommeth along, the pike runneth into her and killeth her. The Grzecianſ (ſaith Palladinſ) did deſtroy and drive away their Moleſ by thiſ inuen—e 35 tion, they tookea greatNot, or any other kind of fruit of that quantity, receipte, andſo— lidity, wherein they included chaffe, Brimſtone, and Wax, then did they ſtop al the brea . thing placeſ of the Moleſ, except oneat the mouth, wherein they ſet thiſ deviſeon fire, ſoaſ the ſmoke waſ driven inwarde, wherewithall theyfilled the hole and the place of their walkeſ, and ſo ſtopping it,che Moleſ were either killed or drinen away. Alſo Paxamuſ ſheweth another mcaneſto drive away and take Molleſ : If youtake white Hellebor, and the rindeſ ofwilde Mercury inſtead of Hemlocke, and dry them and beatethemto poulder, afterward ſifte them and mixe them with meale and with Milke pZ;zp4;, beaten with the white of an Egge,andſo make it intolittle morſelſ or balſ, andlay them Ln theMole—hole and paſſageſ, itwill kill them if they eate thereof, aſ they will certainely oc. 4 Many vſetokill both Moleſ and Emmetſ with theftoathof new Oyle, Andto conclude, by ſetting an earthen pot in theearth and Brimſtone burning therein , it willcertainely drive them for ener from that place . Vnto which I may adde aſuperſtitiouſ conceiteof an obſcure Author,who writeth,that if you whet a mowing ſyth in a fielde or meddow vp— onthe feaſt day of Chriſtſ natiuity , (commonly called Chriſtmaſ day) allthe molleſ that zrc within the hcaring thereof, will certainly for ener forſake that fielde,meddow or Gar— en. With the ſkinneſ of moleſ are purſeſ made, for the rough andſoft haire, and alſo Vie of theyr blackernſſet colour iſ very deleGable . Pliny hath a ſtrange ſaying , which iſ thiſ 5 EP//> (cueral partſ: C— bſiu{ talparum cubicularia vidimuſ ſtragula 5 adeo ne religio quidem a portentiſ ſummouct de— 5" liciaſ, that iſ,we haue ſeene the hangingeſ of chamberſ made of mole ſkinneſ, ſo that no conſcience of; religioncannot auert the monſtrouſloueof delightſ from the afectation of men. Forallthe auncient Wiſe—men and magicianſ did hold, that thiſ beaſt waſ capeable of 502 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. ofRcligiou,Nullia #/, credunt extiſ 3 ſſ(zullum Religioniſ capaciuſ indicant animal, ot ſiquiſ cor cinſ retenſ palpitan/if, denoravit dininationiſ & revitefficiendarnm enentuſ promittat hey give notſo muchcredit to any intralſ aſ to theirſ, for they indge that no beaſt iſ ſo capa. ble of Religion, becauſe if a man eat the heart of a Mole newly taken out of her belly and panting, he ſhall be able to deuine and fortell infalliable enuentſ. Another ſaith, Zereribuſ —* Pxenumentiſ traditur Gallinaceorum fibriſ maximt dijſ grataſ viderviiſicut Talparum viſterſ Alcx.ab alex Magi veriſſimd dicunt , illiſy, hand ſecuſ quamn [olemſi vri@Fima litari,bec enim ſunt exta argn— tiſſima,in quilhuſ dinimamenſ in efſe creditur : that iſ. The Fibreſ of Cockeſ were woont a— mong auncient monumentſ to beaccountedmoſtacceptable to the Goddeſ, euen aſ the tZ bowelſ of Moleſ (aſ the wiſe menſay) and to offer theſe aſ a moſt ſolemn ſactifice' grate— fulltothe Goddeſ, and that in thoſeintralſ itwaſ beleecued that the minde and pleaſure of God waſ ſeated and engrauen;anda litleafter he ſaith,that the bowelſ of Moleſ and frogſ do fortell many great and fortunate eventſ. But I willleaue thiſ paganiſme, and ler it never enter into the hart of a reaſonable man thatſuch beaſtſ canloue religion, or that God hath planted in their bowelſ and corrupe partſ;ſuch letrerſ of hiſ wiſedomeand fore—knowledge which he hath not granted to the immortallandincorruptibleſoule of man. Onely thiſ Ifind by experience, that before any raine and change of weather, theſe ſilly beaſtſ heaue vp the earth more aboundant— ly then at other timeſ, and that in Theſſaly (aſ Varro ſaithy a whole Towne waſ once vnder— minedby Moleſ.They were wont to facrifice thiſ beaſtto Neptune, becauſe ofthe affini— 20 ty betwixt their nameſ, for in Greeke A/phaloeſ ſignifieth Neptune, and Aſphalax a mole. Alunnuuſ alſo writeth that they were ſacred and dedicated to hell, becauſethey kept con— tinually vvithin the boſome and bowelſ ofthe earth, and to conclude,;becauſe that moleſ wouldnot linein Corgneſ a part of Bocotia before ſpoken of, and thereof came the com— mon proucrbe Aſphalaca ciſ Coronean ,2 mole iſ brought to Coranea;to ſignifie the hatred ofagiftorgheſtto him that iſ forced to receine him. Thuſ much for hiſ natural aind mo— rall ſtory, now followeth hiſ medicinall. T he medicineſ of the Mole. ir There iſ nothing which iſ more profitableor medicinable for the curing of the biteſ ofa ſhrew, then a mole being fleadand clapped thereunto— Theſame dothalſo very effe— Pliny &ually cure and heale the bloweſor bitingſ of a Scorpion. Pilleſ being made with that whichproceedeth from moleſ and with Hony, eaten nine daieſ together, dothpreſerue the body of any one fromſwellingſ or buncheſ in the fleſh who ſhall ſo eat them.For the auoiding or driving away the haireſ which growe in any part of manſ bodie , that they Aynoldar VY PEUTYEWEDE OF be renewedagaine : rake a moleand laic her in water to beſteeped or foaked, ſo long aſ ſhe ſhal not haue any haireſ left vppon her, with thiſ water annoint the place which iſ fullof hairſ.and afterwardſ waſh it with lyc made of aſheſ, and then rub #P . itwithalinnen cloath ; the n if you ſhall ſee the haireſ to returne againe, waſhit twice of thrice in the aforeſaid manner, and they wilbe quite expelled away andby nomeaneſwal be madeeyther to renew or comeagaine.For the renewing and bringing againe of thoſe haireſ which are fallen or decayed, take a mole andburne her whole inthe Skin, and min# Turnerin:ſ gle the duſt or pouder which commeth from the ſame with hony vnto the thickeneſſeor faſhion of an ointment, and thiſ being rubbed or annojinted vponthe bareor bald place will without dout in ſome ſhort time or ſpace procure the haire to growthick.For the re— i newing of haireſ which fall from horſeſ: Take a mole and boile her in Oyle, vntill allthe Ruſiurſ — fleſhbeconſumed and quite diſſolued into a liquid inice,with thiſ oyle armoint the place © a which iſ bareor deſtitute of haireſ twice enery day for ſome ſhort ſpace, and itwill make the haireſ to.grow in great abun dance. < Eor the changing of the haireſ ofhiorſeſ from blacketo white, take a mole and boile herin ſalt Water, or lye made of aſheſ three dayeſ together, and when the Water f ye ſhall be quite conſumed , put new water or lie thereunto: thiſ being done, waſh or Pt E the place with the water or lyeſomewhat hot ; preſently the black haireſ will fallan Of the Mouſe. 503 away, and inſome ſhort time there will come white. Wholocuer ſhalltake a mole and hold her in hiſ right hand vntill ſhe die, ſhall haue ſuch an excellent vertue therein, that ſhe ſhal eaſe the paine of a womanſ breaftſ onely by touching them. i The duſt of a mole being brent, mingled with the white of an Egge, anid anointed vp— on a ſneepe, iſ an excellent and medicinable remedy againſt the Leprie which commeth oftentimeſ vpon them. The duſtof a mole mixedwith oyle or hony, andannointedvpon the Skin of cither man or woman which iſ ful of Lepry, wil verie ſpeedily and effectually ?F%+ cure and heale the ſame. Theſame being vſed in the aforeſaide manner, iſ very good for the curing of thoſe which are troubled with the diſeaſe called the Kingeſ cuill, aſ alſo for thoſe which hane hard buncheſ or kernelſariſing in their Arme—holeſ , and in other partſ of their body. The whole body of a mole being taken and burned in the ſkin into drye duſt, or pou— per,iſ an excellent remedy againſt the difeaſe called the Fiſtula, aſ alſo for the purging of the corruption in them and healing of them, being once taking by any man. Theſame being alſo mixed with hony , and rubd vpon the teeth of any one who hath paine in them doth not onely eaſe the paine and greefe thereof,butalſo doth ſtrengthen and makethem faft.The blood of a mole being killed.ſpred orannointed vpon the head of any one which Pincenrinſ iſ bald, wil very ſpeedily renew and bring the haireſ againe. The head of a mole being cut offand beaten together with the earth which iſ ſtirred vp by moleſ, and wrought into a . 20 paaſt, and rowled togither like a little loafe, iſ very much vied for the healing of al ſwel— lingſ, and for thoſe thingſ which they calimpoſtumeſ , aſ alſo for al ſwellingſ or kernelſ Sexy; which ariſe in the necke, ſo that in the time of the curing of theſe thingſ,the party which iſ pained and greecued, benot ſuffered co catany ſwineſ fleſh. Thetooth of a liuing mole taken out and tyed or bound to the teethof any who iſ gri— uedtherein,iſ commended by the Magz or wiſe—men to be an excellentremedy and cure Obſeuruſ for the ſame. The hart of a mole being caten nine dayeſ together , doth very ſpeedily and effecually cureeither him or her which ſhal fo eat it, of that peſtiferouſ diſeaſe cald the Kingſ cuil, if it be ſo that it hath notbene of too long continuancewith them. The ſame __ iſ alſo very good and profitable for the aſſwaging of Wenſ, being vſed in the aforeſaide Aſſctſil Aw 30 manner. Theliner of a mole being beaten betweene the handeſ of him that iſ troubled ***** d with buncheſ orſwellingſ in hiſ back, and afterwardſ put vpon the ſame, iſ a preſenthelp and cure. The fame effe& hath the right foor of a mole for the aſſwaging of buncheſ and ſwellingſ ariſing in the fleſh: J Of the wulgar little M ouſe. Swehaue bandled the natureſ, and delivered the figureſof the great Beaſtſ ,ſo alſo muſt we not diſdaine in a perfeX Hyſ ſtory to touch the {malleſt +For Almighty God which hath madethem al, hath diffeminated in enuery kind both of great and ſmal beaſtſ, ſeedſ ofhiſ wiſedome, maiefty, and glory. Definition of Thelittle mouſe therefore iſ inſlly tearmed 2uco/ſz domwſ no— ***** ſtre,an inhabitant in our own houſeſ,EfFro/dor ommnium rerum, andaknawer of althingſ. Andtherefore from the ſoundeof her teeth whichſhe maketh in gnawing, ſhee iſ called Serex: 6 Although we ſhal ſhew youafterwardſ, that Sorew iſ a ſpeci— all kinde, and not the name ofthe general .Wherefore ſeeing therebemany kindeſ of Miſe, and euery one of them deſireth a particular tractate, I thought good to begin with . __..., !f}c vulgarlittle mouſe, and ſo to diſcend to the ſeuerall ſpecieſ and kindeſ of all, accor— nameſ, < 0 48 to the method of the Phyloſopher, A poz/oribuſ minwſ ad vota, from thingſ that are moſtknowne to them that areleſſe knowne.In Hzebrew it iſ called Arhar, Levit.xi. where the Septmaginteſ tranſlate it muyſ, the Chaldee Achera,the Arabianſ Fez, or Phar, from whence commeth the Saraſan word Para.The Perſianſ An Mwſ the Latinſ muſ ,the Italranſ Topoor Sorice, Alſorgio, O Rate, Di—Caſa,although Rato ſignifietha Rat, both among the Ger— E 0 Marceliuſ 504 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. 4. Germanſ, French, and Engliſh. T he Spaniardſ calltheilittleMouſe, Ref7; and the great Rat Rqzo, the French the little MonſeSog7/, which word ſeemeſ to be derived from the Latine Sorex,and the greatmoule they callRarſ. The Germaineſ the great oneſ Nſ+ andithelittle one Mw//, the Illyrianſ , and Pollonianſ;, My/; which!iſthe Greek word,an(i the great one they calScoweſ, the Vebhetianſcal the Rat Pawzegani; of Poxtiſ, the vnlgar , greekename,and the Romanſ Sowrce. ; Denemindtt * Now the dignity of thiſ litle beaſt, may appeare by thename, which hath ſpred itſelfe creatureſ tr0 bothto beaſtſ,fiſheſ,men ,hearbſ and Citticſ.Tobeaſtſaſ wehaue ſhewed before in the the Mouſe. zehpeymon, which iſ volgarly called the Zwd/ian—mouſe, or Phareeſ—mouſe. And tofiſheſ for there iſ a little fithe calledtMw/@w/yſ, and in\ Greeke MyſFrceraſ, the Whale—mouſe, to becauſe it leadeth the way , and ſheweth the Whale whether ſo ener ſheeſwimmeth, for theauoiding of rockeſ, (according to P4#) althou gb Rondoletinſ aſfiimeth otherwiſe, namely, that that guide of the Whale iſcalled Zge007, and Egerur,—and MyſZocetuſ (hee ſaithy iſ a ſhellfiſh. Generally: moſt kind of Oyſterſ areallo called Myf; becauſe ſome. timeſthey gapeand makea noiſelike a mouſe, and cloſe their ſhelſ ag'ſſxinc. The purple Fiſheſbe alſo called Myſ/} thereiſ likewiſeakind of pretiouſ ſtone called: AG4, about Bo/— — Flzor/u,fſ/mſim, and many ſuch other dignitieſ, hathchenamef thiſ beaſt attained. Panſanieſ, — /!— 1 1 unii a :r Sbar.ot The colow . TheEpithetſ ofmycearetheſ;ſhort, ſinallfearful,peaccable,ridiculonſ,vuſtiL,or.counr 58 ofMice: . try mouſe, vrbane, Or citty— moule, greedy, wary , vohappy, harmefull, blacke, obſcent, litle, whiner, biter, and earthly mouſe. Andthe,Greekeoneſareczpreſſed beforeiin the proper nameſ, and thuſ much may ſuſfice for thenameſ ofmice. Now—to come to they? ſeugrall natureand ſignificationſ. Firſtofall concerning their colour, Tniſ diverſ foral— though Goler mrinuſ bea common tearme for amouſe colour of Aſleſ),yet nowwithſtan— ding » P Thewetuſ, Of the Monſe. 505 Scaliger. eAlbertnſ, nWy EE HEEDISSAN . t o t TY ding Mice are ſometimeſ blackiſh,ſometimeſ white,ſometimſ yellowſometimeſ broune ty in ſifctct;ſſſi,ſiſſj_- and ſometimeſ aſhe.colour: . Thereare White Mice amonge the people; of 5aupy; and rally partſ of Dolphin in France called 4/aw@b/egeſ,which the inkabitantſ of the country dobelecuthat "lw*, 5y * 1 fa Martbueluſ, they feede vponſnow. Butthe whireMouſeiſaboue allother moſt.laciuiouſandleache— V rouſ, and therefore it came into aproverbe, Myſ/ Zeawſ, Myſſ\Gacoſ, the whiteMouſe iſ ' " an ill Mouſe, of whoſe luſt Alciar@ſ made thiſ emblem ſ . No Shnovli L ® Aflſta tk_, 20 Delitraſ &imollitienſ, Muſcreditur albuſ, re E Argtere, atrxationon ſhtapeſtamibicſt. » 08 Slernſ?buz olcon (Feere. Amquodeinatura falax, & multalibido eſt? => <<=> . witingd To Ornatromanaſ,an quiapellinuruſ? i I Sarmatioum, Muxem wocitant pleridyxibellumev>, > \oconiodſ oon a Ofall which coniectureſ of the Poctſ,thefirſtiſ moſt probable, for the alricienternwere wont to callwanton; and effeininate men Pygargoy and Zencopengoy.from their beautyand, whiteneſſe: Andaſ there iſ a difference:in their colourſ, ſo allothereiſ intheinquantityſ Forſomeare very great,ſome meanly great, andſomevery ſimal. Their hartiaVery preaty andtheirliver andlightſ encreaſe inthe winter time. . Alſo the fibreſ thatareinchem.dae 30 increaſeand decreaſe with thewaxing and wayning of the Moone» For euety. day of thet Mooneſ age, there iſ a fibre increaſed in their liner, And therefore Laciliuſfald welly Z2#2. ma alet oftrea, & implet echinoſ, Muribuſ fibraſ.That iſto ſay: The Moonefeedeth Oyſterſ, filleth Hedghogſ,and encreaſeth fibreſ in Mice: Some of theſe Mice hanea gdbandſomei hanue none ,aſ Ay/#//or/e and Pliny ſhew in many placeſ. The Mouſeſ place of conception hane mary holeſ in it, during thetime ſhe bearch hir young oneſ. There iſ no creature that heareth more perfeely then a Mouſe, they dwell in houſeſ of men, eſpecially neareſupping and dyning roomeſ;kitchinſ orlarderſ, where ****** any meat iſ ſtirring . < And they makethemſelueſ placeſ of aboade by goawingwiththein:9,,, . .... teeth, if they finde notcouenient lodgingeſ prepared to their hand, and theylloue the; ® — hollow placeſ of walſ, or the roofeſ of houſeſ, and thereforethe Waſpeſ which in AFj/2= Aclientſ, phaneſ are called Drophe,that iſ gnawerſ of roofeſ, are to bevnderſtood to beeMice; be< cauſe 24/f Drephia iſ a Monſe in the houſe top. Inthe day time—they lye ſillſo long aſ they either ſce or heare a man, or any other beaſt harmeful vnto them, for theyidiſcerne: their enemieſ, not feating an Oxe, though theyrunaway from:a Cat. ;45 They are very deſirouſ of bread, and delight in all thoſe meatſ which are made of frulity; forthenouriſhmentof men. It iſ a creature very diligent & exquifite, both to compaſſe, ſeckeoutand chuſe the ſame, ſo that therefore itdothoften endangetandleoſchiſowne? ....... . life : and finding any cubbardſ, wood, orſuch like hard matter, to withſtand hiſ putpoſe,; H0i@, and binder hiſ paſſage, it ceaſeth not to weary itſelfe with gnawing, votill itobtainethe; purpoſe. All kindſ of Mice loue grain and corne, and prefer the hard before theſoft; they; o foucealſo cheeſe, and ifthey come to many checſeſ together they taft all, but they eateiof the beſt. AndthereforetheE gyprianſ in their Pyrog/iphickſ do piſurea mouſe;toſignifie: . . a ſoundindgement and good choice. Backmaſt iſ very acceptable to Mice; and the Mice; intheJle Payvſ, in Teredoſ,in the Iand G#areſ, which iſ one of the Handſ of the Sporadſ inn : CJpruſ and in Caltiſzthcy did eatyron, aſ appeareth by Arzſforle, delianxſ, and Hctmſi%,lctzctct eied A aa "*— Amnt LEWOA C TatN Alctlſilſi'lfl.( ta 506 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. And it waſ alſo found, that in a certain Iland neare Ca/ybeſ, Mice eate and devoure gold and therefore the Gold—ſimithſ did cut them in pieceſ among their mettleſ. pmctſctſiz, j,ſil the life of Mareelieſ ſaith, that there were many prodigieſ and fearful ſigneſ that did pro. + ceede the war of Maziuſ, amongſt other he ſaich that mice did cate the Gold hanging in the temple, and that one of the temple keeperſ in a certaine trap rooke a female monſea— line, who litteredfiue little mice in that place, and devoured three of them . Authologinſ rehearſeth a witty exaſticon of Apziphilwſ, vpon a mouſe which waſ{lit aſunder alive, for certaine gold—duſt, whichſhee had devoured, whereby waſ ſignified how men procure vato themſelueſ exquiſitetormentſ, and vnauoidable mortall harmeſ by ſtealing, and Pliny, encreaſing of richeſ ſignified by Gold Vulgar Mice do ruminate or chew the cud aſ well Alfert*!— aſthePontix, and they drinke by licking or lapping . although their tecth be not ſawed. It Micc'cannor I8 YEP Orted that the mice of Aftricke, and eſpecially of Libia dieafſoone aſ they drinke, drinke mith— And the reaſon whereof we will ſhew afterwardſ in the taking of mice, when we come to out dang er.. diſcourſe of their poylonſ . "Andforthepreſentirſhould ſeeme their temperament, or | conſtitution iſ ſo moyſt thatnarmre can endure no addition. Yet in the/plaineſ of Arcadia & there are Myce which drinke of a certainefountainſ without any harme. *Theoph "**The generation or procreation of Myce, iſ notonely by copulation, butalſo nature eop raſtuſ _— Py — e 2 , ©haty y worketh wonderfully in engendering them by earthand ſmallſhowerſ, aſ we willſhew in ofmiceand the diſcourſe of wilde Mice. the } :Z;*;fctſi:ffi:ſi But the houſe—Mouſe whereof wenow entreat,iſ engendered by copulation betwixt 29 *) male and female, and they are in generallmoſtlibidenouſ, aſ may appeare by thatſaying of Grattinuſ againſt Xepophon;Phere nunex aithriaſ Katapupoſunemmunſ aſtrapſo Xenophon— toſ, go to now, for from the Skieſ I wil ſtrike bylightning. the Myr/z wantonneſſe of Xenp— phon, and the temale iſ muchmore veneriouſ then the male, aſ appeareth by that fable ofupicrateſdeſcribing the'rage of a luſtfull Woman — Puſfremſ ſubijt me, deteſtabiliſ lena deicranſ,per diawum,per puellam, per perſcphattanſ, ſceſſevittulam, eſſe virginem, eſſe pullam indomitamyat illamyonia erat Then followed me thavdeteſtable band, ſwearing by Di#ſ— axn and Perſephatta that ſhe waſ a Heighfar nener touched,; a Virgin never ſtained, and a Coltnener cotered,; but the truth iſ ſhe waſ aſ good a maydeaſ a Mouſe. Politianwſ in— ſteadof,urillemyonia erat hath at illacanuſerat afurinuſ :that iſ ſhe waſ a Mouſeſ hole, 3* ſignifieng thachervirginnity waſ loſt, and that ſhe ſuffered any lonerſ aſ a Mouſe—hole dothany Mice— Andfrom hence camethat verſe of Marziall, deſcribing theſpeachof a lotier to hiſ love; calling him her Mouſe and herioy 5 me 0 Nuxi.cum.me Murim tu cum mealumina diciſ. *SZ'S ftt Sothat ingenerallall mice; and not onely the white Mouſearemoſt deſirouſ of copula— ofmice, . SUON.Andwhen'they are in copulation , they. embrace with their taileſ , filling one another without al delay. By taſting of ſalt, they are made very fruitefull, and therefore Ariſtotle, andtheſouldiorſ of Alexander the great do report, that mice by licking one another,and 4 by the licking of ſalr doingender and concceiue with yong without any other copulation. But whatreaſonſ they hauc to lead them to that opinion, Iknownot, beſide that wonder reported by Plany and Ariſtarle, that in a certaine part of Perſia, a female mouſe being flit aſſunder aliue, all the young femaleſ within her belly are allo found pregnant conceined t with young. t ſ cheto deie @lr iſ very:certaine,that for the timethey go with yong,and for the number they bring procreation forth,theyexceedallother beaſtſ, conceiuing enuery fourteene or ſixteene daieſ, ſo that :ſi'g meltipli it hath beene found by good experience;that a female mouſe having freeliberty to litter, in a veſſellof millet—ſeede, within leſſe compaſſe then halfe a year., ſhe hath brou ghtforth go oniehundred and twenty young oneſ. They line very long, if they be not preuented of their naturall courſe, and dying natU" Dolateranuſ Tally ; they periſh not alat once, but by little, andlittle, firſtonemember, and then an0— Gillinſ. ther, (Pliny ſaithy Exolucyibuſ, hirundineſ ſunt indocileſ; everreſtribuſ Mureſ, amonge 8 whethr _ Fowleſ of the ayre, the ſwalloweſ are vndocible, and among the creatureſ of the earth mice be do— & : p aible, ©** mouſeſ yet Albertuſ writeth, that he ſaw in vpper Germany ;a mouſehold a burning CTHG w&i: Of the Aouſe. dieinher feet, atthe commaundemient of her maiſter all the timehiſ gueſtſ wereat Sup— er. & \ Now the onely canſewhy they growe not tame iſ, their natrall feare; ſuch aſ iſ in Conieſ, Hareſ, and Decre. For how can any man or beaſtloue or harken yvnto him, who they areperſwaded lyeth in waight for their lifey and ſuch iſ the peſwaſion of ail them that feare, which perſwaſion being onceremoned by continualfamiliarity ,there iſ no cauſe in naturebntthata Moutſe may bedocible aſ wellaſ a Hareor Cony;which wehaue ſhewed heretofore in theirſtorieſ. t Itiſ alſo very certaine that Mice which live in a houſe, if they perccivue by the ageofit, — itbeready tofalldowneoor ſuble&Ato any otherruin, they forcknowitand depart out of it, aſ may appeare by thiſ norable ſtory which happened in a towne called Az/ire in Greece; whereinthe inhabitanteſ committed thiſ adbominable ade againſt their —ncighbourſ the Greekeſ— For they flew them and facrificed them vpon theiraltarſ. Wherenpon follo— wedtheruin of the citty , which waſ premon ſtrated by thiſ prodigiouſ euent. For 5 daieſ beforethe deſtruction thereof, allthe Mice, Weaſelſ; and Serpenteſ, and other reptile creatureſ, went out of theſameinthe preſence of the inhabitantſ, euery one aſſembling tohiſ ownerankeand company ; where atthepeople wondered/much, for they cold noe conceine any truecauſe of their departure, and nomatuaile—Eor Godwhich had appoin> tedto take venganceon them for their wickedneſ;did not ginethem ſo muchknowle dge 26 nor maketherm ſo wiſe aſ the beaſtſ roauoidhiſ indgement, and theirowne deſtruGion 5 30 s() and therefore marke what followed. For theſe beaſtſ wereno ſooner. out of the citty, but ſuddenly inthe night time, cameſucha lamentable carth—quakeand ſtrong tcimpeſt, that allthc houſeſ did not onely fall down, and not one of them ſtoodvpright; to the ſlaughter of men;,women, andchildren, contained in them ,but leaſtany.of them ſhonld efcapethe ſirokeſ of the timber and houſe topſ , God ſent alſo ſuch a \great floud of waterſ, by rea, ſon ofthe tempeſtuouſ wind which dronethe Waterſ outof the ſeavponthe Townthat ſweptthemalaway ,leating no morebchind then naked and bare ſignificationſ of former buildingſ: } 57 Noztl edy And not only the citty and Cittizenſ periſhed,but alſo there waſ ten ſhipſ of the ZLace— demonianſ in theirport all drownedat that inſtant. The wiſedome of the Mounſeapeareth inthe prepararion of her houſe, for conſidering ſhee hath many enemieſ, andtherefore many meanſ to be hunted from place to place, ſhe commiteth notherſelfe toonc lodg— ingalone, butprouideth many holeſ ; ſo that when ſhe iſ huntediin one place ſhee may more ſafely repoſe her ſelic in another. Which thing P/awznſ expreſſeth in theſe wordeſ, Sed tamem cogitato; Muſ puſilluſ; quam [apienſ ſit beſtia, atatem quioni cubilipunguam com— mittit ſwam : cum vnum obſidetor ,aliunde perfuginm quarit,chat iſito ſay ,itiſgoodto con— ſider thelitrle monſe; how wiſe a beaſt ſhe iſ ,for ſhe will norcommit her life to one lodg— ing but provuidetymany harborſ,that being moleſted in one place ſhe mayhane another refuge to fly vnto. | b t voradody And aſ theirwiſedormme iſ admiirable in thiſ prouiſion, ſo alſo iſ their loneto begona— mended one to another , for falling into a veſlell of Water orotherdcepething, out of whichthey cannotaſcendagaine of themſelueſ, they help one another, by lerting downe their taileſ, and iftheit taileſ be to ſhort, then they Tengthen theim by thiſ! meaneſ, they takeone anotherſtailein their mouth; and ſohang two or 3. in length votill the Mouſe which waſ fallen downetake hold on the neathermoſt, which being performed, they al of theim draw her out. Euen ſo Wolueſ ho}ding one another by their taileſ, doſwim over great rinerſ, and thuſ bathnature graunted that to them which iſ denyed tromany mep, namely to loue, and to be wiſe both together But concerning their manerſ, they.are cuil, apt to ſteale,; incideouſ, and deceitefull, and men'allowhich areof the ſime diſpoſition withtheſebeaſtſfearing to do any thing publikely,&oyet priuatly enterpriſe many—deceitſ areinſtly reproned in imitation offuch beaſtſ.For thiſ cauſe waſ it forbidden ingodſlaiy ynto the Leweſ ,not only to eat,but to touch mice, & the prophetEſa. ch, 683 ſeth, Come— denteſ caynem ſuilli.co abominationem,1th murem ſimaul conſumentur inquit Dominiſ ,thiat iſ they which eat ſwinſ fleſh, abomination ,& the Mouſſhalbe deſtroyed together ſaith the Lord: whercin the prophetthreatmethiacurſe vnto the people, thatbroke thefirſtlawof Aaa 2 God Prefageſ and forknoledge of mice. Ae!zffl.n#L Their natu— ral wiſdome, T heir natu— rat loue to one another, Acliauuſ Their diſpo fition and v 5 Ariſteaſ, e Arnalduſ, 508 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. God, in eating fieſh forbidden, and the Phyſirianſalſa ſiy; thatthecatingof thedleſhof Mice engcndcrcth forgctfulneſſc, abomaination, and corruption in the ſtomacke. . The cating of bread or other meate—whichiſ bitten byMice doth:enicreaſeinmen and fg':ſi?{ſſ::ſ | children a certaine diſeaſe in their face, and in the fleſh,at the rooteſ of the nailſ of their of mankinde, fingerſ certaine hard buncheſ, called by the Venetianſ :Spe//z, and by theGermanſ zeid. ſpyſſen, andby the Latinſ Denteſ Muriſ: yet itiſ affirmedſ that thefleſh:of Mice iſ good for Haukeſ, to be ginen thein euery'day,or enery each! other day together with the Skin, for it helpeth their entralſ, purgeth fleame, and choller, reſtraineth:the fluGionſ ofthe I]*{ſſfffizfflc f belly, drinethout ſtoneſand grauell, ſtayeth the diſtillation:of the head to:the eyeſ, Jand De.u. . fnall corroborateth the ſtomacke . Yet we laue hard that inthekingdome of C@leck#, 10 they do eate Mice and Fiſheſ roaſted in the fin,And it iſ faid by ſome Phyſitianſ andMa— gicianſ, that the fleſh iſ good againſt melancholy, and the paine of the tecth, buttheme— dicinall vertueſ we reſerueto hiſ proper place: Pliny affirmeth a ſtrange wonder; worchy Eatingof to bee remembred and recorded, that when Azpmibull beſieged Cuſſelinum; therewaſa Wict man that ſold a Mouſe for two hundred pieceſ of quoine, ſo great waſ: the extremity of famine,, that the man whichſold it dyed forhunger, and aſ it ſhouldſeeme throughthe want ofit, but he which bought itlined by eating therof,che. which thing argueth that'ne.— ceility, hunger, and famin, maketh men for the ſafegard of life,to make morereckonin in extremity of the baſeſtcreaturſ, then in proſperity they do of the beſt. For that petſon whichgaue ſo much mony for a Monſe, at another—timie woulde haue ſcornedto haue gi— 20 nen ſo much for foure Oxen. f And on the other ſide the wretched loue of gaine, which cauſeth aman tolendangerhiſ ownellife for loue of filuer.But Irather thinke that it waſ the hand of. God himſelferakin venganceofſuch a couctouſ diſpoſitionwhich would not ſuffer himto live, thatlike A— daſhad gotten ſo much gold. — The enemieſof Mice are many , not onely men which by ſundry artificiall deniſeſkill Enemicſzof thembecanſeofharme, but alſo beaſtſ and wilde foule—doe eat their fleſh, and liuevpon Mice. them. And firſt of all Catſ & Weaſelſ, do principally bunt to catch Mice, and haue bin f thereforeby the late writerſ called:MWi/egſ, for their taking of Mice. And the natute of the Weaſell iſ not onely more enclined to hunt afterthem.;then the cat,but iſ moreterri— 39 ble alſo vito them ; for if the braineſ of a Weaſell; the haire or reanet beſprinkled vppon Cheeſeorany other meatewhereto Mice reſort, theynot onely forbeare to eate thereof, butalſotocomein thatplace. : They arealſo driven away by the ſprinkling of theaſheſ of Weaſelſ, and aſ allnoiſeſ make themafraidſo noneſo much aſ the ſkreetchiing or crying of a weaſell,for at the hea— ring thereofthey fallaſtoniſhed. And beſideſ they haue more opportunity to follow and takethem then catſ, becauſe their bodieſ are leſſer, and their noſeſ and ſnoutſ longer, and therefore they follow them many timeſinto their holeſ, and very nimbly pulthem forth when they thinke they are moſt ſecure . Foxeſ alſokill Mice, and in Italy there iſ a blacke Snake called carbonario from hiſ colour reſembling coaleſ,which Ithinke to be the ſame 49 that the GretianſcallMyagrſſ ,from hiſ hunting of Mice:Thiſ ſnake doth alſo eat andde— uoure Mice. Haukeſ eate Mice, and all the night—birdſ, eſpecially the night—croweſ and Owleſ: How hatefull a Mouſe iſ to the Elephant, wee haue ſhewed already in that ſtory, how in the preſence thereof he will not touch hiſ meate, nor eate any thing oucr whicha Mouſe dothrun. Nor yet eatein the cratchor manger wherein a Mouſe hath bin, Payz6— Fuſ affirmeth, that thereiſ great lone betweene Miceand Serpenteſ, for ſometinieſ they play together. Their iſ a hatred betwixt Batſ, Frogſ, and Mice,aſ may appeare by Ayzhologinſ,MuſeW) and otherſ . It iſ ſaid alſo that they are hatefull to Oyſterſ, whereof Iknow no 'reaſon,cx— ceptit be becauſe they louc their fiſh. Aud A/ciarnſ hath a pretty embleme, which he en— 50 tituleth caprinwſ ob gulam,wherein he ſheweth, that a Mouſe watcheth an Oyſter when he gapeth, and ſecing it open thruſt in hiſ head to cate the fiſh, aſſoone aſ euer the Oyſter felthiſteeth, preſently he cloſeth hiſ ſhell again, and ſo cruſheth the mouſeſ head in pic ceſ, whereBy hee' diſciphereththe condition of thoſe men which deſtroy themſelueſ to ſerue their belieſ, And thuſ much for the louc and enmity betwixt Miceand other bfiſis- 5 ow Pliny. Of the Mouſe. 509 Now concerning the actionſ of men, they hunt Mice to be rid from their anoyanceſ, be— cauſe they do not onely deſtroy the thingſ they eate , and line vpon othermenſcoſt, and therefore Paraſiteſ are compared vnto them whom the Germanſ call Schmorotmer, and Tellerlecker , that iſ ſinell—feaſtſ, and lick—ſpicketſ, are comparedto Mice, becauſe they. live at other menſ tableſ. But alſo Mice do defile, corrupt, and make vnprofitable what— focuerthey taſt, and therefore the Egyptianſ, when they would deſcribe corruption, do picture a Mouſe * For theſe cauſeſ hane men inuented many deviſeſ, ſarſ, and ginſ, the generallwhetof iſ called by the Latineſ Maſ/cipulſ, and by the Gretianſ Mwſþalſa, and Miagra, the diverſ 1o and ſeucrall formeſ whereof I willnot diſdaine to ſetdown, Forthe wite reader muſt con— ſider that it iſ aſ neceſſary or rather more neceſſary for moſt men to know how to take mice, then how to take Elephantſ. Andalthough every woman, and ſilly Rat—ketcher can give inſtruction enough therin , yet their knowledge cannot excuſe my negligence if I ſhould omit the inuentionſ and devifeſ of the auncient , whereby they deliuerd themſelueſ from the annoianceſ of theſe beaſtſ.And thereforefirſt of al to declare the manner of kerching them in placeſ where corne iſkept: Let your mouſtrap bee placed to ketch mice, right againſt the door, butlet themhaueroometo come in , and in ſhort time it will ſo feare them, that they wil trouble youno more. But if mice breed in the ground vnder creaucſeſ, except you fill al the crea— 20 uiſeſ with mon ſtrapſ,you wil never ketch them,which the inhabitantſ of the Hand pagda— tharia arefaine to do. Thereare otherkind of monſtrapſ which do ketch mice aliue : and otherſome which do Varrm/ſ kitthem, either being preſſed downe with the waight ofit, or ſlifeld with water, or other— wite,aſ with a ſtronge picce of yron being ſmal, and hung right againſt the butten of the rap, on the which piece of fron they hang meate, and ſo by that meaneſ the monſe iſ ket— ched by putting her head through the hole to ſharch at the meate, for ſhe by ſtirring the iron doth loſen the butten, and (o her heade iſ ſhut faſt in the bole. And there are other kindofmouſtrapſ which are coneredal oner, into the which the mouſe may run, & if you ſ hane pur anywater therein they'are preſently ſtifeled. Of al which kind oftrapſ ſhallbe ſe— 30 uerally tradQed : And firſtof all of thoſe which do ketch micealiue. emmy 1 o The commontkind of thiſ mouſtrap iſ made of wood , long and foure cornerwile, and iſ framed of foure boardſ , but the hinder part iſ ſtrengthned with ſtrong wierſ of iron, that ſhe may without any danger looke in to ſee what ſhee may get there, and that the ſmellof the which'ſhe findech ther, may alure hir to come to it. And the former parthath a hole in the top, through which there iſ put a ſmallpeece of yron, and alſo there iſ made a trap+ door in form of a perculliſ,to the which the iron iſ very ſlightly hung,that when the mouſ commeth to kerch at the meat ſhe iſ ſuddenly taken by falling of the ſame; but the meat which youfaſten to the neather end of thiſ iron hook muſtbe fat, or the cruſt of cheeſe or bread, which if itbe a little toaſted at the fireit wil not be amiſſe,that the mouſe may ſmell ,0 itfar off. Some do make theſe kind of trapſ dobBle,with one doore at one end,and another doore atanother end. Theſe kind of monſtrapſ Pereraſ Creſeent: doth cal trapſ belonging to houſeſ , which ſhal beſpoken of hereafter. _ "The other kind of mouſtrap iſ made with iton hookeſ hung in the round circle. In the middeſtof the which brim iſ put a greatmany of the ſame wierſ ,which being made ſharp at enuery end are afterthe forme of the top of a creſt, or helmet, or aſ it iſ made in a bow— netto kerchfitheſ, and vpon the hooke let their be humg meate, by the which meaneſ fhc mouſe comming to the meat, ſticketh herſelfe vpon the hookeſ. The many er of making leſſer mouſtrapſ iſ with Walnut tree, and that the middle part of it bee not couered, and that there be purto the mouth or brim thereof ſomekind of mettle, ſo that the open part may bend inward ,and that the mounſe may not gnawthat whichiſ within exceptſhe creeſ 40 PE!l vnder®| which if ſhee ſhall do, ſhe ſhallpreſently be ſhut in by ſtirring the trap. , * "Alſo thereiſ another kind of mouſtrap which iſ couered with the barke of a tree, which iſ Cilt into equall pieceſ, and laid croſſe one ouer another , but there iſ tied a ſwineſ Skinne in Creſceurien: the middle, and alſo an earthen potcoucred with the ſame barke being firſt ſpriokled a rat A3a 3 with a 510 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. with corne that the Mice may cuſtome to come to it, and being dryed Wiſhl)'ingthey breakein pieceſ , but you muſt lay them together againe, and fill your pot with W ater, by the which meaneſ aſſoone aſ euer they are vppon the ſame they fall into the PYE, and ſo are ſtifeled. bite: & Andalſo it iſ reported of thoſe which hauetryed the ſame, that if Mice fall into a veſ. ſell without water, and remaine there a long time without meate, that then they devoure oneanother, but if they remaine thereſo long vntillone among them allbeleft alone, that iſ to ſay the ſtrongeſtof them all, and that he be ſuffered to go out, whereſoeuer hee ſhall finde any mice hee will eate them vp,and they ſhallhaue much adoe to eſcapehim ſ becauſe he hathbeen ſo long accuſtomed vnto them . I waſ told alſo of a certaine friend of mine, that a manof Sexenſ?ſ did ſet a purſe ina hollow place, and made it to open and ſhutby ſome deviſe, ſo that atlength he tooke a mouſe, which mouſe hkee fed onely with the fleſh of Mice, and after he had fed it ſo a long time, he let it go,, who killed all the Mice thathe did meete, and waſ not ſatiſfied with them, but went into euery hole thathe could find,and eat them vp alſo. Alſo Mice are taken in veſſelſ, from whencethey canot eſcape, vpon the which veſſelllet there be put a ſmall ſtaffe, which iſ {o cut in the middle, that ſhe may onely hold her ſelfe by the meate, and when you haue ſo doone, put the kernellof a Nut vpon the middle of the ſtaffe , to the which the Mouſecomming,, doth fall into the veſſellwith the ſtaffe, and they will be ſtifeled if their beany VVater : but if there be none ſhe will be killed. 0 Andagaine he telleth of another manner of ketching of mice, which iſ aſ great aſ the firſt, and it iſ after thiſ mantier . Take two ſmooth boardeſ about the lengthofthy arme, and in breadth halfe thy Arme, but iloyne it ſo together thatthey may be diſtant from the lower part inlengthſome foure fingerſ or little leſſe, with two ſinall ſpindleſor cleftſ , which muſtbe at enuery end one, and faſten Paper vnder them, and put a peece of paaſttherin, being cut onerthwart in the middle, but you muſt not faſten it nigh the mid— dile, & let it be ſo bound that it may eaſily be lifted vp betwixt the ſpindleſ, that if by ſlip— ping it ſhould be altered, it migh be brought againeto the ſame forme . But the two ſpin— dleſ ſpoken of before,ought to beioyned together in the endſ aboue,& beyond theman— 30 other ſimalſpindle to be made, which may hold in the middle a crooked wedge or butten, vpon the which may be hanged a piece of Hoggeſ ſkinne, ſo.that one of them may eaſily be turned vpſidedownewith the ſkinne, and putthereunto alittle peece ofearth or ſticke, that the mice may eaſily'come to it : So that how many myce ſocuer ſhall come thereto, and'to the meate ſhallbe taken, alway'eſ by rowling the Paper into hiſ wonted place. There iſ another manner alſo, which iſ to make a round peece of Woodefaſtened on both ſideſ with Needleſ, and made ſo that the hinder part of it way heauier then the for— mer,and that it ſtand an inch hyer then the other, and then when you haue ſo placed it, throwſome corne thereon, that the mice may be allured thereto, and tie alſo a peece of fleſh vpon the former end of it; and ſo the Mouſe geing into the middle, by the rouling 4o offtheſame, ſlippethinto the kettle whichyſtandeth vnder it, which muſt bee halfe fullof Water, the circle preſently being aſ it waſ before, that very often many mice areket— {refcontion ched in one night by thiſ worke, all falling into the kettle. Alſo there are many kindſ of * mice—trapſ where mice do periſh by the waight thereof,and they aremade of aſmal piece of wood made hollow,into the which ſhall fal down another ſinal piece of Wood, butit muſt be made ſo that it may fall waighty to preſſedowne the mice goingto the meat, and letthe mcatlbc tyed to another little ſmall peece of wood , which bſſcing touched,the hea— uy peece doth preſently fall downe, and {o by that meaneſ the mouſe iſ taken. Our country men do make 'a trap whichiſ ſomewhat like to thiſ, let two peeceſ of boordſ beioyned together one foot broad, and two foot long,and afterwardſ let therebe put in 39 them a wooden pin, which you muſt faſten to the lower boord, ſo that it may not touche the vppermoſt; and youmuſtſet itſo that the former part may eaſily moue backewarde and forward, but moreouer the former boord muſtbe faſtened to the hinder,likethefa— ſhion of a Gibbet or Galloweſ, with two peeceſ of wood ſtanding vpright, one being put oucrthwart, or after the taſhion of the Grccklctrcr,ſl and it muſt ſtand ſome nineyn— cheſ high,& aſ broad aſ the boord wil ſuffer you, & Iet the meatbe hung in the miſi- 6 po & Creſcentien, Of the M ouſe. 511 de of it, but that boord which iſ vppermoſt, muſt touch both the endſ of the other, and notched accordling to the bredth, the notch being niadeafter the forme of a wedge de— uided into two partſ, and an other ſmall peece of wood muſt be put to that which iſ vper= moſt, almoſt two fingerſ long, and one finger broad, and let there bee put into the lower notch, apeece of wood with meat at it, ſo that it may be ſlightly faſtened to the brimme chhc vppermoſt, that the meate being preſently touched, the other may the eaſiler fall. 1 2 —— And you may lay a ſtone vpon the vppermoſt bordthat it may fall the heauier. And there are ſome alſo which tto the lower board, doe faſten iron pinneſ, made very ſharp, againſt $ the which the Mice are driven by the waight of the fall. Furthermore, there iſ another kinde of trap made to couerthem aliue, one part of it cut out of a ſmall peece of woode, the length of the palme of thy hand, and the breadth of one finger,,and let the other part of itbe cutafterthe forme of a wedge : and let thiſ peece of wood be erected like a little piller, and let the wedge be put into the notch of an other peece of wood, which muſt be made equall withtheother, or very little ſhorter: and thiſ piller muſt bee ſo made, that the mouſemay not periſh before ſhe come to the meate : The wood where the meat muſt ſtand, ought to be aſpan long, and you muſt faſten the meate about the middle of it, but the former part of it muſt haue a cleſt, which mnſt begin a little from the brim, and ſhall be madealmoſtthelengthof two fingerſ , and you muſtmake it with two ſtraight cornerſ, a 0 and take away halfe the breadth of the wood. Theſe three peeceſ of woode being thuſ made ready,chouſhalt ere& a litrle piller,ſo that the wedge may be downeward »,whereby the mouſe may ſee the meate enery where : and Iet the meate be hung in the former cor— ner of the piller, ſo if the mouſe ſhalltouch the meate, he ſhall bee preſſed downe with the fall of the board. Mice alſo by the fallof a cleft board are taken , which iſ held vp with a piller, and haning alittle ſpattular of wood, whereon the meate ſhall lye, ſo made that the piller doth not open being parted, except when the monſe commeth to touch the meate, and ſo by that meaneſ ſhe iſ taken. . There iſ alſo another manner of monſe—trap vſed among vſ, whichiſ, letthere bee a hole made and compaſſed about with a boord of a foot long,and fiue or ſix fingerſ broad, .the compafle whereof muſtbe fourefingerſ, into thiſ hole letthere be put a veſſell made of wood the length of oneſ fiſt,, but round and very deepe: and in the middle of eachſide of thiſ veſſellletthere be made a hole, wherein there iſ put in a thread made ofyron with meat, and let it be compaſfed about with a ſmall thread which muſt be faſtned ouerthwart the hole : and the part of the thread which hangeth downe muſtbecrooked;that the meat may befaſtned thereto, andthere muſt bee a peece of the thread without, to the which may be tyed a ſtronger peece of wood , which iſ the thread whereonthe meat iſ hanged, by the which the mooſe iſ taken, by putting her head into the veſſeltoketch at the meat. Andalſo mice are taken otherwiſe, with a great Cane wherein there iſ a knot, and in the top of itlettherebe madealittle bow with a Iute ſtring, and there ſticke a great needle in the middle of the pole of the Cane, andlet the—pole be made iuſt in the middle, and let 49 therebe bound a peece of fleſh beneath,ſo prepared that when the mouſe ſhallbite,and mooue the ſkin, that then the ſtring {lippeth downe, and ſo the needle pearceththrough hiſ head, and holdeth him that he cannot run away. But among all the reſt there iſ an ex— cellent peece of workmanſhip toketch mice, which I will heerſet down. Take a peece of wood, the length of boththy fiſtſ , one fiſtbroad , and two fingerſ thicke, and let there be cur off about ſome two fingerſ .2 little beyondthe middle of halfe the breadth. And that breadth where itwaſ cut, oughtto be more declining and lower, after the manner of thiſ letter A. And you muſt put to the ſide of thiſ a peece of wood, halfe a citcle long, ben= ding, and inthe middle part of eachſide holeſ pearcedthrough, ſo that the halfe circle may beſtreight and plainely placed to the foundation of the woode., that the trap being 5" made.itmay reſtvpon the ſame haſfe circle, and vpon thiſ halfe circle let there be placed iron naileſ very ſharp,;ſo that the inſtrument by falling downe may coucr the ironſof the halfe circle aſ ſooneaſ:cuer they touch the fame, Furthermorethereiſ another manner of trap, when a veſſell out of which they cannot eſcape, iſ filled halke vp with water, and vpon the top thereof Otmell iſ put, whici_l will win, 512, The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ſwim, and not ſinke, making the vppermoſt face of the water to ſeeme white, and ſolid wherennto when the mouſe commeth, ſheleapethinto the oate—mell,and ſo iſ drowned,: Aud thelike may be done with chaffe mingled with oat—mell: and thiſ in all trapſ muſt be obſerned,wherein miceare traken aliue, thatthey be preſently taken forth,for if they make water in the place, their felloweſ will for euer ſuſpeetthe trap, andnevercome nearer & till the ſauour of thevrinebe aholiſhed. * Palladiuſ ſaith, that the thickefroth of oyle, being infuſed into a diſh or braſen cal. eron, and ſet in the middle of thchouſe in the night time, will draw all the mice vnto it, wherein they ſhall ſticke faſt,and not be able to eſcape. hiBolin Pliny rith, that if a movſe be geldedaliue and ſo let go, ſhe will drive away all the re * ſidue ; but thiſ iſ to be vnderſtoodeof the Sezex. Ifthe head of a mouſebe flaied, or if a male mouſe be flaied all oucer, or her taile cut off, or if her legge bebound to a poſt in the houſe, or a bell be hung about her necke, and ſo turned going , the will drive away all her felloweſ. And (Pliny ſaithy that theſmoke of the leaueſ of the Ewe—tree,bccauſe they are poyſon, will kill mice,ſo alſo willlibbardſ—baine, and henbaine—ſeede, and Wolfe baine, for which cauſe they are ſenerally called Ayo@Zazvſ,and the rooteſ of Wolfſ bane, are commonly ſold in Sanoy vnto the Country people for that purpoſe. In Germany they mingle it with oat— mell, and ſo lay it in balſ to kill mice. The fume ofwall—wort, calcauth, parcely, origanum, and deathſ—hearb, doe alſo kill mice: you may alfo drive them away with the fume of the ſtoneHxmatiteſ, and with greene tamariſk, 20 with the hoofe of a mule, or of nitre, or the aſheſ of a Weaſell, or a cat in water, or the gall of anOxe putintobread. The ſeede of Cowcumberſ being ſod, andſprinckled vpon any thing, mice willne— ver touch it, likewiſe wildecoucumber and coloquintida, kill mice. Tokeepe mice from corne, make morter of thefroch of oyle mingled rogether with chaffe, and let them well dry, and afterwardſ be wrought throughly , then plaſter the walſ of your garnery there— with, and when they are dry caſt more froth of oyle vpon them, and afterwardſ carry in your corne and the mice will neuer annoy it. am (ate Wormewood laidamong cloatheſ, and ſkinneſ, defend them'from mice,: Andalſo the water of wormewood ſod, ſprinckled vpon cloatheſ hath the ſame operation. Inke tempered: with water, wherein Wormewood hath beene waſhed, or fod,cau— ſeth that the Parchment and Paper written therewith, ſhallnener be eaten, or touched with mice. eAHicen Anatolinſ and Tarentinuſ jinthe diſcourſe ofthe grauery or barm—do writethat milk— thiſtlemingled with hony, warer, and fineflower, ormil—duſt, made intolittle balleſ, and Paxaunſ laled where mice my eatof it, doth make them blind if they taſte thereof. WhiteHelle— bore mixed with pottage, or the ſeedeſ of wilde Cowcumber, Coloquintida, andmeale, mingled with blacke Hellebore , and put into Cheeſe or bread, or any kind of fat meat, kil— leth both Ratſ and mice.So likewiſe a whitecamelion ſod in broth, mingled with water and oyle, killeth Doggeſ, ſwine, and mice. 48 Theiunyce of the roote ofthe hearbſe Camelion, mixed with water andoyle, draweth mice vnto it, and killeththem by taſting thereof, if they drinke not preſently ; ſoalſodoth Henbane . The rootſ of thebramble Tree, mingled with Butter, Breade, or Honey, Ele— campaine, and ſea Onionſ, Scamoney, wild Sparradge, Arſenicke, Mug-wort,oſhcrWiſG cald mouſe—wort,mingled with Lard in ſmallpeeceſ, with Auri pigment, killeth Wolueſ Creſcentieſ— and mice . and in ſome countrieſ , for the better diſperſing of the poyton; ſet drinke beſide fitſ the ſame, whereof aſ ſoon e aſ they taſtthey ſwel and die,; but I haueſcenthemdie without drinking at all. Miceand wolueſ if they taſtof the wilde Roſe, and drinke after'it, doetiot not onely dye, but alfo fallinto madreſſeand bite their fellowſ, communicatingthequa— farieſ lity of the diſeaſe to euery one chey_ bitc.Flf:ſh cut iz}to lizt_lc peeceſ & fryed withbutter in 50 a fryingpan, an d afterwardſ when it iſ colde, adde halfe ſo muchſoftpitch thereto; and mingle t together, rowling vp the fleſh in the pizch, then diſtribute itvpon little boordſ, and fet it in theplace, and placeſ whereunto the mice do muchreſort; and water beſidſ it, andwhen that they haue taſted ofit alittle; they are ſo cagerly a thirſt, tharthey'ldrinkſ and dye. V m @ 39 Tragnſ 'The Of the Mouſe. 513 ThelikeI may 'ſay of Ratſ—bane, Quicke—ſilner, Sublimate, and Precipitate; and dinerſ otherthingeſ} and thuſ much may ſuffice, for the kerching, raking, and killiz(g of myce, whereunto I'may addethevſe of their memberſ and partſ, not medicinall, but natutall, bichough Thaue touchedit heeretoforein part. u The Seythianſ werewoont to be elad with the ſkinneſ of mice and Wolueſ, and it iſ obſcrued; that when mice'ery and ſcreeketh aboue their ordinaty euſtome,itpreſageth analteration and change of the Weather, and thuſ much ſhall {uffice for their naturall diſcourſe." Iſ S9SH t ſ Hauing thuſ diſcourſed of the nature of the vulgarmouſe, I'mayalſoadde the mor— ro ralvſethercof, aſl findit recorded among learned writerſ; delivered eyther iniſtorie or in prouerbe.Itiſ reported of G/lawcwſ the ſonne of Mimeſ and Paſſphae, that while he fol— lowed a mouſe to take her , he fel into a veſſel of hony, but after Polyadeſ the prophet;, by laying an herb onhim raifed him againe to life.Za?#van Arch Byſh.of Mezzin thefron tierſ of Germapy, waſ deſtroyed by miſe, or aſ other ſay by Ratſ, but the wordſ of Textoy Tiaerzer, are: 1 The morrall ſtory of mice — Hatto Archiepiſcopuſ Mogiintinuſ Amuribuſfertur denoratmſ. And theerror may proceed, becauſe that Mwſ iſ a generall word for the Rat and mouſe, and therefore they which haue thought it an vnreaſonable thinge, that ſo ſinall beaſteſ ſhould deſtroy ſo mighty a prince, haue rather attributed it to the Ratſ then'to themiceſ 20 butthey onght to hane rememberd, that it waſ an extraordinary indgement of God to puniſh a cruell couetouſ wretch, and that therefore it waſ aſ eaſie for him to make the lit— tlemouſe hiſ inſtrument;aſ the great Rat:for we read;that Herad waſ denourd bywormſ, and other have beene eaten vp with lyce. Adr/an the Pope waſ ſtrangled by a flye, and thereforeHuzz#oan Archbiſhop might aſwelperiſh through theaffliGing hand of God by amultituideof mice. Heliogabaliſ that wretch, among other hiſ monſtrouſ deſireſ, and Tyrannicall com— maundeſ, Zompridivſ afirmeth, thatvpon a time he commaunded that there ſhould bee brought vhto him ten thouſand mice aline, a thouſand weaſilſ, and a thouſand Suzriceſ or wilde fielde—mice,ſo baſe were hiſ thoughtſ, that while he ſhould hatie attended hiſ Em— 35 periall calling, and hearkened to the ſuitſ and complaintſ of poore diſtreſſedſubiecGſ, he waſ buſied in killing of mice, and therefore in ancient time, a mouſe—killer waſ taken for arn opprobriouſ ſpeech, for a baſe, ſluggiſh, and idle companion. Thelikeiſ reported of a Moſconian Emperour, who to afflict hiſ people and to ga— ther money from them, commanded the Cittizenſ of Muſco to bring him a pecke full of fleaſ,whereunto the people anſwered, that if they could takeſo many , yet couldnot they keepethem together from leaping away. And mice haue beene brought into publique ſpedacle, becauſeat Zauinium they gnawed aſtinder the ſhieldſ of ſiluerſ and it waſ afterwardindged a prodigie, for there followed the Marſicke war. When the Scythianſ vnderſtoode that D#//#ſ with hiſ great army ſtoode in neede of vittaileſ, they fent vnto 40 him a Prouant—maſter with theſe preſentſ or giftſ, a birde, a mouſe ,a frog, and fine dartſ, Atthereceipte whereof the Perſianſ wondered what ſhould be meantthereby ; and de— maunded of the meſſenger the meaning of the myſtery. But the AmbaſTidor an{ſwered, heknew not any ſignification of hiſ preſentſ, but onely receiued charge to deliuer them, and make haſt backeagaine , and to bid the Perſianſ if they were wiſe to lay their witſ to— gether to know and vnderſtand the meaning thereof. When the Perſianſ heard him ſay ſo, they fellt o conſultation. Dariwſ gaue hiſ opinion that the mouſe.ſignified the earth, the frog, the waterſ, thebird, horſeſ, and the dartſ warlike furniture and ſtrength of for— Herodemſ ceſ, and that the Scythianſ by ſending all theſe voto them, yeelded that the Perſianſ ſhould be Lordſ of theirland,ſea, horſeſ and themſelueſ, and that therefore they ought to be of good courage. 0 Butone Gobriaſ a graue Councellor who waſ one of the ſeuen that ſlewthe Magi or Wizardſ aunſwered otherwiſe, for hiſ coniedure waſ more true, for ſaid he, 0 per/@, miſ? effectr wt aneſ {ubuoletiſ in celum, aut vt mureſ ſubeatiſ terram, ant vt rane inſiltatiſ in paludeſ, non remeabitiſ vade veniſtiſ hiſ ſagittiſ confecti : O yePetſianſ,exceptyebecome like birdſ to fly vp into heaucn, or like mice to creepe into the earth,or like frogſ to leap into Sacrificing of Mice, Scoliaſt {ycoſ .Alhrm Aarcelluſ T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. intothewaterſ,youſhall not returne back agaireynto theplaceffom whence you came, and ſo indeedeit came to paſſe . Wereade 1.. S4w. 5 . that when the Arke of;God thaſ taken by the Philiſtimeſ, and they kept it intheir TemPlc at Hazzctt_h, thethand of the Lord fell vppontheir Princeſ, and hee ſmote them vylth Emu_)_ds, in th_c bottome of their belly, that iſ, God pupiſhedthem—with mice, for he affliSted theit: bodieſg, and the frniteſ of the earth, for which canſe Cap.6, they aduile with themſelueſ; to ſend Back againe the Arkeof the Lord with a preſent of G_QX_dcn Mice. Ozfid, HomerſandOrphem call Apollo Smynthenſ ,for the Cretianſ mauncienctime called Mice 5#92%+Þh@> Now the fained cauſe thereof iſ thuſ related by AE/Ganuſ. a There waſ one Criziſ which waſ a Prieſt of Apalle : who neglected hiſ dayly ſacri— fice, for the which through aboundancewof mice he waſ deprived of the ſfruiteſ. of the eatth, for they deuoured all» At which loſſe Apally himſelfe waſ moued 5 and taking pit. tie of the miſerie, appeared to one. Horda a Neatc—heard, commaunding him to tell Criniſ that allthe cauſe of that penury waſ for that he had omitted hiſ accuſtomed ſa. crifice, and that it waſ hiſ ductic to offer them agaire diligently, or elſe it would be farrſ worſe afterward. Crini vpon the admonitionamended the faule; and immediatly ApJ. lo killed all the deuouring Mice with hiſ dartſ, whereuppon he waſ called Sryrrhan, Otheragaine ſay , that among the Acolianſ, at Troaſ & Hamaxiteſ, they worſhiped mice and Apollo both together ,and that vnderhiſ Altar they had meateand nouriſhment, and alſo holeſ to line in ſafely, and the teaſon waſ, becauſe once ma ny thouſandſ of micein: uaded the corne fieldeſ of Araliſ and 7+97, cutting downe the ſame before it waſ ripe, and alſo fruſtrating the huſbandman of fruite andhope: thiſ euill cauſed them to goe to Delphaſ to aſke counſell at the Oracle what they ſhould doe to be delinered from that extremitic,where the Oracle gaue anſwere that they ſhould goe facrifice to Apolle Suyn— theuſ, andafterward they had ſactificed, they were delivered from :the mice, and that therefore they placed a ſtatue or figure of a mouſcin the Templeof Apalo. When the Troyanſ came out of Creeze, to ſeeke a habitation for themſelueſ,they re— ceaued an Oracle, that they ſhould there dwell, where the inhabitantſ that were, borne of the earthſhouldſetvpon them,the accompliſhing whereof fell out about Hamaxitmſ;for in the night time, a great company of wilde mice, ſet vpon their boweſ, quitierſ, and ftringſ,leatherſ of their bucklerſ, and allſuch ſoft inſtrumentſ, whereby the people knew, thatthat waſ the place, wherein the Oracle had aſfigned them to build the Citty;& there— fore there they builded 1d2, ſo called after the name of Zdſ in Czeerze : and to conclude we doe reade that mice haue beene ſacrificed, for the Arcadianſ are ſaid firſt of all to' haue ſacrificed to their Godſ a mouſe, ard ſecondly a white horſe, and laſtly the leaueſ. of an Oake. } And to conclude, Ae/izauſ tellethone ſtrangeſtorye of mice in Heracleſ, that thereiſ not one of them which toucheth any thing that iſ conſecrated to Religion, ortotheſer— uice oftheir Goddeſ. Inſomuch that they touchnot their vineſ which are facred to religi— ouſvſeſ, but ſuffer them to come to their naturall maturitye, but departoutoſthey— fland, to the enteat that neither hunger nor folly cauſethem to touch that whichiſ de— dicated to deuine vſeſ. And thuſ muchfor the naturall and morall ſtory of the mi ce, now followeth the medicinall. T he medicineſ of the Mouſe. The fleſh of a mouſe iſ hotand andſoft, and very little or nothing fat, and dothexpell blackeand melancholy choler.A mouſe being flead or having hiſ Skin pulled off, and af— terwardſ cut through the middle, and put vnto a wound or ſore wherein there iſ the head of a Dart or arrow, or any other thing whatſocuer within the wound, wil preſently and ve— ry eaſily exhaleand draw them out of the ſame. Mice being cut and placed vnto woundeſ which haue beene bitten by Serpentſ, or put to placeſ whichare ſtinged by them,do vety effeQually and in ſhort ſpace of time cure and perfedly heale them.Mice which do lurke and enbabite in houſeſ, being cutin twaineand put vato the woundſ which arenew made Dieſcorideſ by Scorpionſ, doth very ſpeedily heale them. A Ig 8 we 49 50 Of the oMoiffcſi*. , 515 A yoong mduſe being mingled with falt iſ an excellent remedy—againſtthc byting of the mouſecalled a ſhrew, which biting horſeſ and labouring cat—ell, it doch venome vntill it come:vato'the hart, and then they: die, except the aforeſaid remedie be vſed. The ſhrew alſo himſelfe being bruiſed and laid vritothe place which waſ bitten, iſ an excellent and P very profitableremedy againſt theſame. ith + A mouſe being deuided and putoor laid vpon wartſ, will heale them and quite aboliſh 197r07zſ —, them;, off what kinde ſocuer they ſhall be. The fattewhich iſ diſtilled from mice, being mixed with alittle gooſe—greace and boyled together, iſ an excellent and medicinable cure for the aſſwaging and mollifying of ſwellingſ and hard lumpſ or knotſ whichdoe ro vſually ariſe in thefleſh. Yoongmice being beaten mto ſmall bitſ or peeceſ, and mixed 2%7 with olde wine;and fo boyled or baked, vnuillthey comevnto a temperateand mollify— ing medicine, if it be annointed vppon the eyelidſ, it will very ealſily procure haire to grow thereon. Theſame being vnibeaten and roaſted, and ſo given to little children to cate, will quickly dry vp thefroath or ſperle which aboundeth in theirmouth. There are Diſſcorideſ certaine ofthe wiſe menor Magz who thinke it good that a mouſe ſhould bee fiead and given to thoſe which are troubled with the tooth—achetwiſe in a monethto be eaten. The water wherein a mouſe hath beene ſod or boyled, iſ very wholeſome.and profitable for thoſe to drinke who atetroubled with the inflammation of theiaweſ: or the diſeaſe cal— led the Squincie. Mice, burt eſpecially thoſe of Affricke, hauing their Skinne puld off and 20 wellſteeped in oyle andrubbed withſalt, and ſo boyled, and afterwardſ taken in drinke, | are very medicinable for thoſe which hane any paine or trouble in theirlighteſ & lungſ: Theſame medicine vſed in the aforeſaid manner iſ very profitable for thoſe which are Pliny troubled with a filthy; mattery; and blooddy ſpetting out with retching. Soddenmiceareexceeding goodto reſtraine and hold in the vrine of infantſ or chil; dren being too aboundant;if they be given in ſome pleaſant or delightſome drinke. Mice being alſo cut in twaine; and laid vntothefeeteor legſ of thoſe which are gowtie iſ an excellent remedieand cure—for them. Mice being dryed and beatento powder, doth yez ry effectually heale and curethoſewhich are ſcalded or burned with hote water, or fire; Coypreſ nutſ being burned and pounded, or beaten into duſt, and mixed with the duſt of Marcelluſ the hoofeof a male or femalemule, being dryed or ſtamped ſmall, and the oyle of mirtle added vnto the ſame, with the dirt or dung of mice being alſo beaten, and with the dung of a hedge—hoggenewmade, and with redarſenicke : and allmingled together with vi— negarand moiſt or liquid pitch and put vnto the heade of any one who iſ troubled with theaboundance and looſe hanging:downe or oucrgrowing of hiſ haire, it will very ſpee— dily and without any difficultie eaſe him of theſame. The duſt of a mouſe pounded and beaten to powder, and mingled with a certaine oile, iſ very good and wholeſome, for thoſe which are grieued witha Tettor or ſcabbe which may onerrunne their whole body. The braineſ or taile of a mouſe being dried and beaten to powder iſ very medicinable for thoſe which are troubled with the caſting and ſhedding of their haire, aſ al{o for the diſeaſe calledtheFoxeſ euill, but thiſ operation will worke more effeSually if the ſhedding of the haire doth happen by any venom or poy{on. The fame in operation hath the whole body of the mouſe being vſed in the aforeſaide man— 0 3 lny 40 ner. 'There iſ alſo another excellent remedy to cure and heale the aforeſaid diſeaſe which! Gakſ iſ thiſ, to take mice which inhabite in houſeſ, and to burne or dry them in a pot,and then beat them :and being ſo vſed, to mixe themi with oyle of Lawrell, and to rubbe the haireſ" which arelike to fall or ſhed with garlicke, and to put them altogither into a Frontlet or fore—head cloath, and daily to keepetheſame medicine or plaiſter voto them, vnitill the haire do grow faſt, and they be ridde of that diſeaſe. There iſ alſo another remedy for the ſame diſeaſe , which iſ thiſ : To burne a mouſe, and beate him into powder and then to mingle the ſame with hony and the greace of a Beare, and ſo to annointthe head,and thiſ: G,,,, iſaccounted for a very ſpeedy and effectuall cure. The duſt or powder of mice being mixed with hony and oyleof Roſeſ, and ſo baked, or boyled together, and afterward diſtilled into a clearewater and ſopowred into the eareſ of any one which iſ deaſe—or troubled with any paine dnhiſ eareſ, and it will quickly P/zy Shig bring 516 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. bring him helpeand remedie. The diſtof a dryed mouſebeing allomingled with hoſiy and rubbed vpon the teeth of any one which iſ troubled with a ftinking breath; will pre— ſently take away'the finour thereokf. If the vrine of a man or womanbe toocfluent and aboundantylecthem take the duſt orpowder of a dryed mouſe, being beaten and: ſtam. ped, and mix it with wine or with goateſ milke, and ſodrinke it vpvand he Iſhall ſpeedily Galſ . bave remedie. The grieuouſ and/violent inflammiation or turning of»the eye—lidſ; iſ cu— & redafter thiſ manner. Firſt, they taketheifleſh of the mice, aſ doon@aſ ener lit iſ beaten ſmall, andmingle it with the yolke of in egge, and mollifie it into adalue or: plaiſter like vhto waxe; and then putit into a linnen cloath, and fo wrap it vpon the eyelideſ in the 1, time of ſleepe, and it will eaſily bring helpe andremedy. | Thereieanexcellentremedy for theoucerſpreding of the eyeſ; or to cure the diſeaſe jn them, called the pinand the web, or tohelpe themwhich are altogether blind, which iſ thiſ: Toraketheblood of a mouſe , the gall of a Cocke, and ſome.part or quantitie of womanſ milke, and to take of each of them alike, and then to mingle ormixe thein toge. ther,& being well wrought or kneaded vntill it come to an oint ment to rubbe or ſpread it vpontheeyeſ: and thiſ will in very ſhort ſpace helpe'them vnto their ſight 5 For ithath beenetryed; and hath helped many. "The ſSkinneoft a mouſebeing burned or dryed, and beaten into powder, and ſo ming— led withvinegor, and then annointed vpon the head of any one who iſ: pained or trou— bled withtheheade—ache, it will preſently eaſe and helpe him. Theheade of a morſebe— 20 . ing alſo born orcartied in' a linnen cloth, doth cure the ſame diſeaſe. The headſ of mice PZV being burned, and beaten into ſiuall powder, and then mixed ormingled witbhongyand £%"%— (annointed vpon theleggeſ or feete of them which aretroubled with the gowte.are cx— cellent good and wholeſome for the curing of that grienouſ diſeaſe». The ſame. vertue hath the taileſ or bodieſ of Mice, being vſed inthe aforefaid maner inthem . Some doc thinke thatthe aforeſaid diſeaſe iſ moreſpeedily and effectually cured after thiſ manner : Firſt, to take a Beetle or horſe—flyc, and ſtampe it allto peeceſ; and then to mingle it with ſoft and liquid pitch; the Skinne being prepared or made ready withnitre : but there muſt be great careraken that it cate not too farre in the fleſh : then to take the head of amouſe, and the galland dung of a mouſe and mingle them together withling—worte and pepper, 39 andſo to annointthem; and ſpread them vpon the aforeſaideatenorlaunced wopndeſ: antd thiſ iſ very much commended for a very good and medicinable curefomthieafore— faid diſeaſe. Theheadſof Mice dryed and beaten into powder or.duſt, and then mixed with hony, and ſo annointe d vpon the eyeſ for the ſpace of ten daieſ together , will clarifie the eyeſ, and expellalÞpaine or blemiſheſ from thent. Of the headſot Mice being burned iſ made Plany that excellent powder, for the ſcowring and cleanſing of the teeth called tooth—ſoape: vnto which if ſpikenard beadded or miongled, it will takeaway any filthy ſent or ſtronge fauour in the mouth. The braineſ of a Monſe being taken and put or ſteeped in wineand ſtamped, aud beaten {mall and annointed vpon the brow or forchead of any one who iſ 4 troubled with a paine or ache in the head, and he ſhall ſoone finde caſe and remedy. If anyman ſhallbut touch or kiſſe with hiſ mouth the ſnoutor noſtrilſ of a Mouſe, andbe troubled with the diſeaſe called the rewme which falleth downeandſtuffeth the noſ{ttilſſ he ſhall in very ſhort ſpace be eaſed of theſame. The Mig# or wiſemen doevery much commend thiſ medicinefor the expelling of a quartaine Agueor feuer,which iſ thuſ, Totakethenoſe or ſnowtofa Mouſe, aſ alſo the very topſ of the eareſ, and bruſe them together, and afterwardtie them in a lmnen cloath, which hath had Roſeſ or Roſeleaueſ Bhrooſu: inithe ſame,and then bind them vnto the armeſ/or wriſteſ of him which iſſo rroublcdzan_d Dyrepſi they will very effecually and ſpcedily cure and heale him. For the rortenneſſe and demi— niſhing of the teeth, the beſt remedy iſ to take a lining mouſe and to take out one of her $9 reeth whether the greateſt or the leaſt it iſ no great matter, and hang it by thetecth ofthe party grienued: but firſt kill the mouſe from whom you had the tooth, and he ſhall pre— ſently haue eaſeand helpe of hiſ paine. The hart of a lining mouſe being taken out, a Sextuſ harged vpon the left armeof any woman , iſ of ſuch force and power, aſ it will cauſe her neuer to conceaue. The lapſ or filletſ of the liuer of a Mouſe, being beaten ſimall ?]fl Marcelluſ Galentſ Paral.3.16 Pliny Sextuſ Adarcelluſ Of the eM ouſe. 517 mingled with foure dramſ of ſower and vnpleaſant wine iſ an excellent remedy for thoſe which are woubled with quakingſ in their loyntſ, aſ alſo for feauerſ and ſhaking agueſ. A Galenuſ mouſe being cut or parted in the comiun&ion of the ſun and the Moone,and the liver pul— led ontand roaſted or boyled, and givento one which iſ troubled with the aforeſaid dif— eaſe to eate, will very ſpeedily and without any difficulty or paine cure and heale him of E theſ{ame. The gall of a Mouſe being beaten very ſmall, and ſteeped or waſthed in Vineger, ? linp M andſopoured or diſtilled into the eareſ of any one who iſ deafeor thicke of hearingſi: or hath any ach or paine in the ſame, iſ counted for the chiefeſt, and moſ{tſingular and chie— feſtremedy or cure which iſ vſed for the ſame. 1ro The dung/or durt of a mouſe being new made,iſ very profitable for thoſe which are trou— bledwith the diſeaſe called theſciatica or hip:gout, annoiated or rubbed vpon the ſame: Mouſe—cung being alſo mingled with vinegar and oile of roſeſ, and ſo annointed or 17 pred vpon the forehead or templeſ of any one who iſ troubled with the head—ach, will preſenly Archigeneſ, eaſe and help him of theſame. The gum called Benzoinebeing mixed with wine and Saf— fron, and pepper, aſ alſo with the durtor dung of Mice being newmade, and mixed with vinegar,and mingled al in one medicine,and ſo ſtrained and.given to one to drinke which . iſ ſpare and leane , in ſome ſhort ſpace or time it will make him grow very fat. Phny The dung or durt of a mouſe being mingled with certaine other medicineſ,iſvery good and wholeſome for thoſe which are troubled with tetterſ; and dry ſcabſ which o— 'a o ouerrun the whole body. | } The dung of mice being mingled with the duſt or pouder of Frankincenſe, wiih a little red arſenicke added thereunto, iſa very: profitableand wholeſome medicine for thoſe to vſewhichare troubled with little hard red buncheſ and ſwellingſ ariſing in dinerſ and ſe— verall partſ of the body. Seuen pilſ being taken out of the dung ofa mouſe and mingled with vinegar and annointed vppon the forchead and templeſ, of thoſe. which are grieued therein, will very ſpeedily help and cure them. pvbom The inward parteſ of earth mixed with mouſe—dung, whitePepper, and Mirthe, be— iog of each of them halfe an ounce, & afterwardſ mingled with Vinegaraltogether, and ſo annointed vpon the head of any one which iſ troubled with the inegrime, will very effec— 30 tually and ſpcedily eaſeand rid him of the ſame. The Hearbe called. Srremmſ beaten to— AMyrepſuſ gether with Mouſe—dung, and afterwardeſ mixed with vineget iſ an excellent remedy a— gainſt the ſwellingeſ in the head, orlittle buncheſ which ariſing therein become ſoreſ, andare full of matter and filthy corruption. The dung or durt of micebeing melted, dif— ſolued, and mingled with vineger, and then rubbed vpon the head of any one who iſ trou. (Marce//eſ, bled with the ſcurfe orſkauleſ thereon in a bath or ſtone, will preſently expell and drive them quite away. The dung of mice being mingled with Frankincenſe, andſo beaten or cempered together vntilithey come vnto the likeneſſe or thickneſſe of hony , and then an— nointed vpon the legſ or feet of any one that iſ troubled with the gout, he ſhall find pre, ſenthelpand remedy. " Theſamediſeaſe iſ alſo very effeQually cured by the dung ofa mouſe,& burned orſcor— ched barly mingled together,ofeach being theſame weight or quantity ,& afterwardſ mix 5%"* ed with vineger altogether,and ſo ſpread or annointed vpon the diſeaſed partſ. Ther iſ al— fo another excellent remedy for curing of the aforeſaid diſeaſe which iſ thuſ : to take Cav— tharideſ and bruiſe them all to pieceſ, and mingle them withſoft orliquid Pigeh, and allo with Nitre, and ſo anointor rub them vppon the Skinne being prepared for the purpoſe , but there muſt be great care had that the ſkin beenot rubbed or launced too far. Afterſ wardſ vato the woundſſo made, theremuſt be taken the headſ, pileſ, and dung of mice, being mixed withthe hearb Lingwort, and pepper, andſo beaten altogether vntill they come vnto a temperate ſalue or medicine, and then anointed vpon the ſaid woundſ, and 9: they will in very ſhort ſpace cure the ſame, \ The haireſ and dung of a Mouſe, parched or dryedby the fire, and annointed vpon the cie—lidſ of any one which are pield or bare,, will preſently procure haire to grow thereon. Mouſe—dung being dried in the ſhade iſ an excellent remedy'againſtthe voyding of ſpet— ting of blood which floweth from ſome partſ of thebody;but eſpecially from the belly: . 4/014, pe f B bb The denpontanaſ. Varreſ cMearceliuſ, pelil cocteniantitſ>— 00 BM o o ſ tt Pctſſfio 513 @ Serenuſ Marcelluſ Dioſcorideſ Avicen Pling Hippocrateſ Avicen Marcelluſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. The ſame iſ allo very good to ſtaunch the blood which iſſueth from woundeſ being new made. White Sceny—ſeede, and the dung ofa Mouſe or Hare being put into broath with the ſtem or ſtalke of Fennell, and ſoboyled together, and afterwardſ given vato a Wo— man to drinke who iſ deſtiture of milke in her breaſieſ, will preſently andvery ſpeedily procure her milke in great aboundance. Thedung of Mice being ſteeped or waſhed in raine water, doth eaſe and refreſh the ſwelling of womenſ dugſ intheir time ofdelivery : Thedurg of a Mouſe being given in any drinke orliquor to one that iſ troubled withthe diſeaſe—calledthe collickand ſtoneto drinke, willin very ſhort ſpace or time cure him of the ſame. + Mouſe dung being alſo ta— ken in drinke doth looſe the body of either man or womanhow faſt ſocuer they be bound, There iſ an excellent remedy ariſing from Mouſe—dung. againſt the Sciatica or hip—gout which iſ thiſ : to take nine graineſ of a Mouſeſ dung mixzed or mingled with halfe a pinte ofwine, and givien to the party grieued vpon a beach or foote—ſtoole to drinke, ſo thathe drinke it ſtanding vpon that foot only which paineth him, euen at theſunriſing, and ha= uing ſo drunkeit, let him leape downe, and afterwardeſ let him leape three timeſ, and let hbim do thiſ but three daieſ togcthcr,and heeſhall have preſent help and remedy of hiſ diſeaſe. Mouſe—dung mixed with Erankincenſe and {weete Wine, and ſo drunke by any one which iſ troubled with the collick and ſtone, will preſently eaſe him of the ſame. But the dung of mice mingled with Erankincenſe, water, and Hony, andſoboiled together, and 20 drunke, doth not onely drivie away the paine of the aforeſaid diſeaſe, but alſo dothbreake and quite diſſolue the ſtone. Mouſe—dung alſo being taken in drinke by it ſelfealone, doth diſſolue and melt the ſtonein the bladder. The ſame being alſo boyled in water iſvery goodand profitable for thoſe which cannot make Water. Theſame being new madeand annointed vpon the belly of any one who iſ troubled with the collicke or ſtone, ſhall findeſ preſent eaſe and remedy thereby. Thereiſ yetmoreoueranother excellent medicine proceeding from thiſ dung, wher— by the fruite ina Woimanſ wombe may be brought forth either dead or putryfied with— out anyhurtor preiudice vnto the Woman, which iſthuſ ; firſt to rake Egyptianſalt, mouſe—dung, and Gourdſ which are ſowen in woodſ, and afterwardſ to poure in halfea 39 pinte of Hony, beiliy halfe boyled, andto caſt one dram of Rozen into the Honny, the Gourdeſ, and the mouſe—dung, and beate them welland throughly together, and then roule them'vp, and faſhion them in the manner of acorneſ, and put them to the belly of the party {o gricued aſ often aſ you ſhall thinke it meete and conuenient, and in ving thiſ ſomeſhortſpace ortime you ſhalſee theaforeſaid putryfied fruit to proceed and iſſue forth. Mouſe—dung being parched or burned and mingled with Hony, iſ very good and me— dicinable aſwell for thoſe which are troubledwith the ſwellingſ in theirlegſ andfecte, aſ alſo for thoſe whoſe eyc—lidſarepilled and bald, to make haireto grow again vpon them, being ſpreade or annointed thereuppon . The dunge of mice being dryed and beaten 4 intoſimall duſt or pouder , and put into the teethofany onewhichare hollow, will preſent— ly expellaway all paine from them ,and alſo confirmeand make the teethſtrong. Theduſt or pouder which proceedeth from mouſe—dung iſ alſo very goodto cure any diſeaſein the fundament of either man or woman. Thevrine of a mouſe iſ of ſuch ſtrong force that if it ſhal buttouch any part of a manſ body, it will eate vnto the very boneſ. Thebitingſ of mice are healed by no othermeanſ but by greenefigeſ and Garlike being mixed or mingled together, and ſo annoynt© thereupon. OF # o & OF THE RAT. þ5 5J\ Here iſ no donbt Thevulgar . / . ſ i at, or preat \ )\1 \\ !Zf}:% that thiſ beaſ be. ** 8 aomeſticall longeth alſoto the Moute. OAeRRE rank of mice, & the name thereof we haue ſhewed already,iſ commo both to the French, Spaniſh, Italian , and Engliſh, & it may ſeeme to be derivued from the Greeke word Raſteſ,or Hewrex ,,or Riſtoſ,for the Gretianſvſealthoſe wordſ. And thiſ beaſtiſ 4 . timeſ ſo big Th ſ < . e quanti.. aſ thecommſ Mouſe, being Of ty of Ratſ & a blackiſh duſky colour, more their partſ— whit on the belly,hauingalong head, not much vnlike the head © ofthe Martinſhort and round careſ, a reſonable rough Skin, ſhorclegſ, and long claweſ, & exceeding great eieſſuch aſ cA ſeevery perfectly in the darke night, and more perfectly then by candlelight, with theirnailſ they climbe vp ſtecpeand hard walſ, their raile iſ very long, & almoſtnaked void of haire, by reaſon whereofitiſ not vnwor— thily counted venomouſ , for it ſeemeth to partake with the na ture of Serpentſ. The quantity of their body iſ muchlike a wea— ſelſ, & ſometimeſ you ſhall ſee a Rat exceeding the common ſtature,which the Germanſ cal Ratzen Kunig, theking of Ratſ, becauſe of hiſ larger & greater body,and they ſay that the leſ— ſer bring him meat and helieth idle. But my opinion iſ that aſ we read of the Dormouſ ſhe nouriſheth hir parent when ſhe iſ old , ſo likewile the younger Ratſ bring food vnto the elder, becauſethrough their agethey arenot able to huntfor them— ſelueſ, &are alſo growne to a l%rcat and vaweeldy ſtature of ody. Sometimeſ you ſhal ſee whiteRatſ,aſ waſ once ſeene in Germany , taken in the middle of Aprill; hauing very red eyeſ ſtanding forthof their head, and a rough and long beard. Andat Avſpurg in Germany, about the Temple called the Church of S. Hu/dric they a — bound in greater number then in other placeſ. They do norlye in the earth like Mice,ex— cept in the vally of zoachize, where for the ſummer time they forſike houſeſ , and gointo cony holeſ, but in the wintertime they returne to the houſeſagaine. They are morenoy—= " ® Bbb 2 Some NFSS SN'ſ \\\\\\\\ yN N V . W\ ////ſſ' \\\\\ſſ\\\ \Y\\\\\\ V It t DK{ o —O) o V 2 W[W—ſſ \I 1!!"*) 1 t ad I (mſſſ/,ſl)])l\\jſſ\;\'\ \' i 5 " ( PHP ,W fffi{, NW — //))H j[*fl)ſfii{ Eou \ \ 5$20 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beauſtſ. ſome then thelittle Mouſe, for they line by ſtelth, and feed vpon the ſame meat that they feede vpon,andthereforeaſ they: exceede in quantity, ſo they denvoure more, and doe farre more harme. They are killed by the ſame poyſonſ and meateſ that the common Mice arekilled, except wolfe—baine, for if they eate thereof, they vomit it vp againe and areſafe. They are alſo taken in theſame trapſ, but 3. or foure timeſ ſo big 5 Their fleſh iſ farre more hot and ſharp then the fleſh of the vulgar Mouſe, aſ we haue gathered by the difſection of it, and therefore in operation it iſ very like that it expelleth and dryethmore then the other. Medicin by . T PC ©XC@ECMentſ are alſo of the ſame vertne, and with the dung of Ratſ the Phyſitianſ Raſ. — curethe falling off of the haire . And it iſ ſaide alſo that when they rage in luſt, andfollow 10 Poyſoenof. their copulation, they aremore venemouſand dangerouſ then at other timeſ. For if the vrine dofall vpon the bare place of a man, it makeththſ fleſh rot vnto the boneſ, neither will it ſuffer any {car to bee made vppon the vicer, and thuſ much of the vulgar Rat. Ratſ. OF kindeſ.of mice bred in the Alpeſ, yet thiſ being the principal thereofrecei— ueth denomination from the moun—: raineſ;,becauſe theylare bred in the ve— ge!ry topſ of the mountaineſ, and ſildom ornener come downto the rootſ. The Iraliatſ cal it Meymora, and Muyzment, andaccording to Mathreluſ, Marmen— tama, the Rhatianſ Moxtanella, and in ſome part of Italy Parroſſ, in Fraunce. Marimote, althoughMurmiet be a word alſoambongthem for a Munkey: The Germanſ and eſpecially the Hclueti— anſby a corrupt word, drawne from a aſ monſe of the mountain, Marmelrhier, and Muzmentle, andſfome Miſibellerle, byreaſonof hiſ ſharpe whining voyce like alittle Dogſ. In Latine it iſ called alſozmprra,which ſeemethto becom— :/ pounded of Embaer,& thiſ iſ the leaſt! kind of Alpine Mice which iſ found in allthe German' regionſ, of which weey \ wil ſpeakein the end of thiſ ſtory.Som . takethiſto be called Tuxuſ, amongſt =<' — go whom 2S74//axeluſ iſ one;yet ithathno property with the Alpine mouſe, ex— ceptlying in a Caue, for it doethnot ſleepe in the winter, norhath no out— ward reſemblance with mice, neither can have affinity in diſpoſition or ma— ner of liuing,& therfore Icanot aſſent thereto. Grapaldſſ and Aluxnnſ,both learned Italianſ ſay, that the Arprelinſ arecalled Alpine mice, wherunto they areled,becauſe they fleepe althe win— 40 a " terlong,likethe Alpine mouſe ; But wee ſhall ſhew in their due place, that theſe belong to the weaſilſ, and not t o the mice, which liuing in colde coun— 'trieſ, growe white in the winter time : the Hzbrew word iſ S4phaz, acording to ſome Authorſ,and iſ tranſlated A7— cktonim, but we will ſhew in due place, thatthe Arckzomyſ iſ the Crycetuſ, or _ Orycet—mouſe, andthe Saphan we haue 5" fhewed already to bethe Cony. Bbb 3 Theſe The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſſ. Theſe Alpin Miceare in the topſ of the Aperize hilſ, and none of the Auncienteſ ey. cept Pliny make mention thereof, and it iſ doubtfull whether he doeth deſcribe itorn,, For hiſ wordſ are, Suxt hiſ Muribmſ Alpiniſ pareſ & in Eqypto imiliter G,reſidunt in clunibuſ & biniſ pedibuſ gradiuntur , prioribuſg., vt manibuſ vtuntur , that iſ to ſay, there are mice in Egypt like to the A/piv Mice, for they ſitvpon their Buttockſ, and goe withtheir fore— moſt two feet, which alſo they vſe inſteed of handſ,by which we colle&zthat they are not the ſame, butlike the Alpine mice. The quantty __ The Alpine mouſe iſ in quantity like a Hare, or attheleaſtbetwixt a Hare and a Co. :ffi'ctg ffct:*- ny, being more fat, and of a thickeſ body then a Cat, but ſhorter leggcs in ontwardap. rall pamſ, _ Peatance moſtlike a mouſe, and therefore it iſ called an Alpine monſe. The backe of it iſ 10 very broad, and the haire harder and harſher then a Conieſ. The colour for the moſtpare iſ yellow, which in fome iſ more cleare, and in otherſ more obſcure and browne: Their eyeſ of a reaſonable quantity, ſtanding farre out of their headſ. Theireateſ very ſhort like cropteareſ.The head like a Hareſ, and their feet withlong nailſ, hiſ foreteethlikea ſquir— reiſ, two abouc, and two beneath, butlong and ſharpe like a Beuerſ,; in colour yellowe, about the noſe and vpper—lippeſ, he hathlong—blacke—briſtle— haireſ like a cat. Thetalile, iſ halfe a cubitlong, according to Stxmp/@@ſ, but two palmeſ according to Agricola. Hiſ leggeſ very ſhort and thicke, coucred withlong deepe thicke haire, liketo the bottome ofhiſ belly. The tocſ of hiſ feetare like a Beareſ, and hiſ claweſ long and blacke, wherewithall he 20 diggeth the earth to make hiſ denne, he gocth vpon hiſ hinder feete like a Bearc, orlike an Ape, by iumpeſ, and with hiſ forefect he raketh hiſ meat like aſquirrell & an Ape, ſit— ting in the mmeane time vpon hiſ buttockeſ . Hiſ backe iſ alſo very fatte, although allthe other partſ of hiſ body be leane,and yet that on hiſ backe cannot beſaid to be fat, butra— therlike a coweſ vdder, neither fat nor fleſh, and they encreaſe or grow more in bredth, — then inlength. The deſcrip= Scaliger deſcribeththem in thiſ manner, a Marmot(ſaith he, for ſo he tearmeth an Al— ;,Zſſ;: ſiſſ]?,ctſie pine mouſe in French) iſ a Beaſt about the bigneſſe of a Badger, hauing haireand tayle mouſe. much like it, an d after the ſame manner ſhort leggeſ, and little or no eareſ, long, ſharp, firme, crooked, ſtrong, and blacke claweſ, which iſ numbredamongſt the kindſ of mice, 30 with whom it holdeth little correſpondence, except that like a ſquirell ittakethhiſ meate in the forefect aſ with handſ, and eateth ſitting vppon hiſ taile. They agree alſo with the Dormouſe in theirſleepe, for they paſſe ouer winter ſleeping. Their teeth are like to the teeth of hareſand mice,after that they are madetame,they arenot hurtfullto men or children,except they be prouoked.Being kept in houſeſ, they willeat and gnaw all linnen and woolen cloath, 7h@ſ farre Scaliger.But we haue ſhewedal— The placeſ ready that the outward appearanice of it iſ like a mouſe, and that therefore it iſſafer to fol— :ſijſiffifibſictf low Pliny, Albertuſ, Mathaoluſ, Stumpſiuſ ,and otherſ, then hiſ ſole and ſingular opinion; gular art in they keepe aſ we hauc ſaid already in the topſ of the mountaineſ whercin they maketheir rcr;:;l:ng *eif cavc with woonderfullart and circumſpedGion, making two different paſſageſ into their 15 \ denne, one aboue another a poleſ length, which meete in the middle like a forke, or the coniun&ion of two rinerſ or pathe—waieſ, making the ſeate of their reſt to be very deepe in the Mountaine, and therein they remaine, fiue, ſcauen, nine, or eleuen of them toge— ther. writectaeſ Thcy play many timeſ beforethe mouth of their denne together, and in their ſport uationo: Or paſtime, barke like little Doggeſ.When they goout of their cane into the mountaintſ watch, togatherfoode, or to playe, or to fetch in graſſe, alwaieſ one of them remaineth likea Watchman neare the mouth of the caue vpon ſome high place, looking moſt diligcntly and vigilantly ,»both farre and neare; and if he ſee eyther a man or wilde beaſt comming towardeſ them, then hee ſuddainely eryeth out, andwith hiſ voice giveth the warning 50 word, whining like the whiſling of a pipe, if hiſ felloweſ be farre off, or elſe barking like2 Dogge ifthey be neare at hand.When the reſidue heare it, they preſently repaire home, and he which kept the watch,entereth into the denne laſt of ail. Andit iſ rcported by a certaine Greeke writer, thatif their ſpeculator doe not gine them the watch—worde, but that they are endaungered by any man or Beaſtethorough hiſ negligence, they t;grc in Mathaoluſ. Of the alpine Mouſe. 35 him in pieceſ with their teeth. There iſ no beaſt whichiſ ſo ſtrong aſ thiſ, conſidering the Stewſiaſ quantity,for it hath beenedeene that when a luſty young man tooke one of them by the hinderleg aſ it ran into the den;he could not withall hiſ might plucke it backe againe. The claweſ of itare exceeding ſharpe, and fit to dig, ſothat it iſthought if a man find them in the earth, andſecke to take them by digging vnto them, he ſhall labour in vaine, becauſe the beaſtdiggeth faſter from him then he can follow her 5 they cannot run very faſt in the plaine ground,; but are caſily killed by a man, except they get into the earth : with their teeth they bite deepe, for they can ſhcreaſunder wood with them like Beaverſ, they eate Th:jr vſuall oodſ. The ſtrength of thiſ beait., or liue vpon fruitſ— & eſpecially being tamed when they are young, they refuſe not bread, 10 fielh,fiſh,or pottage, andaboucall they deſire milk, Butter,and checie , for in the Alpeſ they will breake into the little cottageſ where milk iſ kept, and are oftentimeſ taken in the mannerſucking vp the milke , for they make a noiſe in ſucking of milke like a pig. In the month of May they are much delighted to eate hornetſ, or horſeflieſ, alſothey feede vp— on wilde Sagapen of the meddow, and ſeeded Cabageſ, and while they are wilde in the Mountaineſ they neuer drink, the reaſon iſ aſ Muppoſebecauſe in the ſummer time they catemoiſtgreene herbſ; and in all the winter time they ſleepe. Towardſ the feaſt of Saint Michaell the Arch—angell, and of Gallyſ, they enterinto their caneſ, and aſ Pliny ſaith, they firſtof all carry prouiſion of May , and greene Hearbeſ Entrance in— into their denne to reſt vpon, wherein their wit and vnderſtanding iſ to be admired, tor. ** themgantſ 20 likeBeauerſ one of them falleth on the back, and the reſidue loade hiſ belly withthe car— riage,and when they haue laid vpon him ſufficient, he girteth it faſt by taking hiſ tayle in hiſ mouth, and ſo the reſidew draw him to the caue, but Icannot affirme certainely, whe— ther thiſ be a truth or a falſehood. < : For there iſ no reaſon that leadeth the Author thereunto ,but that ſorme of them haue beene found bald on the backe. But thiſ iſ certaine, when the Snow beginſ to couer the Mountaineſ, ther doe they enter into their denneſ, and ſhut vp cloſe the paſſageſ, with Stickeſ, Graſſe, and earth, bothſo hard and ſo thicke, that it iſ eaſier to breake the ſolide ground, then the moutheſ of their Caueſ, and ſo being ſafely encluded bothfrom the feare ofthe Hunterſ, from Raine, Snow, and cold ,there they line vntill the Spring with— . out allmanner of meateand drinke, gathered round together likea Hedghogge, ſlecping continually , and therefore the people inhabiting the Alpeſ hauea common proucrbe, Their con:i. to expreſſe a drowſie andſleepy fellow in the German tongue thuſ. E7 mpſſe ſypz=zt geſ— ny flfſſf}';ſſct chlaffen haben wie cin murmelthier , in Latinethuſ, eceſſe habet certum, dormiendo, tempuſ time, — conſumere, inſtar muriſ Alpini, e muſtneedeſ ſleepe a litrlelike the Mouſcof the Alpeſ. They ſleepe alſo when they be tamed, but it hath beene found by experience, that when a tame one hath beene taken aflecpeand layd in a warme barrell vpon Hay, the mouth be— ing ſhutte and cloſed tokeepe out Raine and Snow, at the opening, thereof it waſ found dead; and the reaſon waſ, becauſe it lacked breath, and therefore thiſ iſ moſtwonderfull that in the Mountaineſ, notwithſtanding the cloſe ſtopping of the mouth of their caueſ, yetthey ſhould not bee deprined of refrigeration, that iſ freſh ayre, for expiration, and reſpiration. — Butthiſ iſ to be conſidered , that after they baue beene long tamed, they ſleepe not ſo much aſ when they are wild, for I thinke that their continuall eating ofrawe and greene Hearbeſ, ingendereth in them ſo many humorſ aſ cannot bee diſperſed without along continuingſleepe, but afterwardeſ when they are dieted with ſuch meate aſ iſ pronided for the nouriſbment of man, they are eaſed of the cauſe, and ſo the effect ceaſeth.DUrIDg Growing fi: the time that they ſleepe, they grow very fat, and they are notr awaked very eaſily, except with fleepe. — with the heat of the ſun or fire, or ahot—houſe. Now the manner of their taking while they are wilde iſ thuſ, In theſummer time when they goe in and out of their caueſ, they are taken with berebifiile 5" ſmareſ ſet atthe mouth thereof, but in the Winter timewhen they goenot abroad , then ff ciff'?fi;o alſo aretheinhabitantſ forced to another deviſe, for then in the ſummer time, they ſerte vp certainepillerſ or percheſ neare the mouth of their denne, whereby they may be dy— rected, when the ſnow doth coucer the mountaineſ. Eor the Pillerſ or poleſ ſtand vp aboue the ſrow, although the ſhow bee very dſſeſcchſi cn 57 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. 4 Then come the inhabitantſ vpon round pieceſ of wood in the middeſt of the winter, þ. ned to their ſhove—ſoleſ oucr the deepe ſnow with their pyonerſand diggerſ;and cag ,. way the ſnow from the den, and ſo—dig vp the earth,and not onely take thctcbcafies,buz carry them away ſlceping, and while they dig,, they diligently obſerue the framcand ma. ner of the ſtopping of the Mouſeſ den. For if it be tong and deepc, it iſ aſigne ofa lon and a hard winter, but if it be ſhallow and thin, of the contrary : {0 commingcypon them aſ we haucſaide, they take them and carry them away aflecpe, finding alwaieſ an odde number among them, and they diligently obſerue, that whileſtthey dig, there beeno great noiſe,or that they bring not their fire too near the. For aſ S?%m[ſitl.ſ ſhrh,ExFemdi emitn Capinon paffimt, namſ wmnſſſhf, ſtrmut fodiat venator »ipff fidzmt-ſictoſimulct retreacedunt 18 Cr pedibuſ quam effoderint , terram reijciendo foſſortmimpediunt. That iſ to ſay , If they bee once awaked, they can neuer betaken, for howſocuer the Hunter dig neuer ſo manfully, yettheytogether with him, dig inward into the mountaineſ,and caſtthe.carth backward with their feete to hinder hiſ worke. 4 Theiraming | DEWE (ak60 85 we haueſaide, they growvery rame, and eſpecially in the prcſcſſnccſiof &condicionſ their keeperſ,before whom they will play and ſport, and take Lice out of their headſ with in the houſe. their forefectlike an Ape. Inſomuch aſ there iſ no beaſtthat waſ euer wild in thiſ parcef the world, that becommeth ſo tame and familiar to man aſ they , yet doe they alwaieſ liue inthehatred of doggeſ, and oftentimeſ bite them deepely, hauing them at any aduan. tage, eſpecially in the preſence of men, where the dogſ darenot: reſiſtnor defend them— 20 ſelueſ. When they are wilde they are alſo killed afleepe, by putting of a knife into their throate , whereat their forefecete ſtirre a little, but they dye before they can beeawa— ked. Their blood iſ ſaued in a veſſell, and afterwardſ the Moutſe it ſelſe iſ drefſed in hot ſcal— Theſauing & ding waterlike a pig, and the haire thereof plucked off, and then do they appeare bald and at whiteſ nexrto that they bowell them, and take out their intralſ: afterwardſ put in thebloud | againe into their bellieſ, and ſo ſeeth them ot elſe ſalt them , and hang them vp in ſnoake, and being dreſſed after they are dryed, they are commorily eaten in the Alpine regionſ withRapeſand Cabigeſ, and their fleſh iſ very fat, not a fluxible or looſe fat like the fat of Lambeſ, but a ſolidefat, like the fat of Hogſ and Oxen. And thefleſh hereof iſ com— 38 mended to be proſitable for women with child, andalſo for all windineſſe and gripingſ in the belly, not onely the fleſh to be eaten in meate, but alſo the fat to be annointed vpon the belly or Nauel: Andfor thiſ cauſcit iſ vſed to procureſleepe,and to ſtrengthen decai— ed and weakeſinneweſ : the fleſh iſ alwaieſ better ſalred then freſh, becauſe the ſalt drieth vp the ouermuch humidity, and alſo amendeth the granity and rankneſſe of the ſauour : but whether it be ſalt, or whether it freſh , it iſ alwaieſ hard to be digeſted, oppreſſing the ſtomacke, and heating the body oyermuch. Theventricle or maw of the Mouſe Alpine , iſ preſcribed to be layed vpon the belly a— gainſt the collicke. If the handſ ef a man beannointed with the fat of thiſ beaſt,it iſ ſaid he ſhall be the betterable to endure cold al that day after : Alſo theſame fat being dtunkevp 49 in warme broath by a woman in trauarle, arebeleeued toaccelerate and haſten herdeli— uery. Certaine Horſeleecheſ,in the cure of that diſeaſe which they callthe wormſ, which are certaine vicerſ riſing in the body , do mingle thiſ fat with other medicineſ which are very drying or ſcepticke. And AGazheo/uſ dothpreſcribe it for the ſoſtning and mollifieng of contradSednerneſ andiayntſ in the body. The deſerip. . ,—,PY OS diſcourſeaforeſaide, it doth appeare that of theſe Alpine—Mice, therearetwo or ot he __kindſ, one great like a Badger,and tthe other in ſtature of a Hare or cony : Thiſ leſſerſee— Empira or lit meth to be proper to Germany , which there they call EZ2bdo7,of the Latinword Emp#74, Mouic, amouſe of the mountain.. 58 The ſtory wherof T thought goodto expreſſe being ſhort out of Srump/iuſ and Agricolſ, The maleand femaleſ ſ2y they of thiſ kind, do gather together wilde corne whichgroW ethamong the rockeſ in the ſummer time againſt the winter, and carry the ſame into the holeſ of the earth where their lodging iſ. oy oW themedicineſ @tthiſ beaſt. Of the alpine SM ouſe. 525 Now the female in thiſ kind iſ crafty , and more apt to devourethe male on the other— ſide more thirſty and ſparing, wherefore he driveth hiſ female out of the denn in the win— ter time, and ſtopeth the mouth of hiſ caue, to forbid hir entrance,but ſhe getteth behind the ame, and diggeth a ſecret hole, whileſt the male lyeth at the mouth aſleepe, ſhe con— AWertw. — ſumeth the whole ſtere behind him, wherefore in the ſpring time ſhe commeth forth ve— ry fat and comely, and he very leane. Aind therefore in my opinion, the makerſ of Em— blemſ may very—well diſcribe an vnthrifty wife, that conſumeth her huſbandſ wealth, by the pi@ure.of thiſ female;aſ by the piSure of the Aſfe behinde Ocnnſ, bicing aſſunder ' the cord that he weaueth ,aſ we haue ſhewd before in the hiſtory of the Aſſe. Theſe beaſtſ —_, give themſeltveſ much to ſleep,and when they are awake they are never yele,bur alwaieſ carrying into their denne, ſtraw, hay , ſtickſ, ragſ,or peeceſ of cloth, wherewith they fill theirmouth ſo ful, that it may receineno more,3hd if they meet with any thing which iſ to big for their mouth, by the helpe of their feete, they draweand rowle it to their owne denne. — Whereaſ they arenouriſhedtame in hou ſeſ, it iſ obſerued,that they are a neateand cleanly kind of beaſt, for they neuer defile their lodgingſ withtheir excrementſ,but ſeeke out ſomeſecret corner, whereinthey both render vrin,and empty their bellieſ. With their teeth they graw wood; and make holeſ in bordſ, ſo larg aſ their bodieſ may paſſe throgh, — and while they linve, they hauc a very rankeand ſtronge ſauourlikea monſe, eſpecially in the Summer time while they are leane, and before they growe fat ; for ſuch iſ the nature of thiſ beaſt, that in the Summer time they labour and grow leane, but in the winter time they ſleepe, and grow fat.And thuſ much for the Alpine mouſe. 2 9 30 OF 526 T he Hiſtoric of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OF THE DORMOV SE. ——ff o lumella, Paleiſ vero quilbuſ fere omneſ 7 egioneſ abundant, of;. nuſ gliſcit, Thatiſto ſiy, an Aſſe groweth fatte by cating chafte which aboundeth in all countrieſ. Thiſ word gltſ, ſignifieth not onely a beaſt, but a peece of fatte earth and t C\ andalſo a Thiſtle, whereupon Sylwazicnſ made thiſ verie, a Zctz%@ſi t Gliſ animal—gliſ terra temax ygliſ lappa vocatur. —__——au.chl 2 The Italianſ callit, Lo, ga/e It } 2 E ,Lo,galero, Lo, gliero,or giero, the Sp3— niardſ Z/rep, the French likewiſe Z#/op, and Raz:Liron, and Frgloyer,and Fugratvevl;the Germanſ, Ein greal,che Heluctianſ ,civ re/l, or Rel muſ,,or Groſ haſelmnſbutour Engliſh S . WW IE SW Z fiz7> q\ t W Se 7 (///—> \ f \\ 4 I '/ 6 Y -ſiſſ f Wy \ſiſi —— . ( Ginniſ He Dormouſeiſ called in Latin G/%,and in Greek Myoxeſ, The nameſ thereaſon of the Latine name G/, iſ taken from Slifcere T T which fignifieth to grow fat, according to the ſaying of Co. ,, Dormouſe, ſeemethto be a compounded worde of Doymienſ muſ, that iſ, a ſleeping 39 mouſe. The Polonianſ call him Sewreſ. But concerning hiſ name Apoxw@ſ, there iſ ſome queſtion among the Authorſ. For Saint Zere» writing vpon the eleuenth chapter of ze— uiticuſ, and the 66. Chapter of Eſay, travſlateth Akba7 the Hebrew word for amouſe, glirema Dormouſe, and he giveth thiſ reaſon, becauſe allthe countrieſ of the Eaſt,meſ— ning Gretia, doe ſy that Myoxtſ iſ a Dormouſe. And thiſ Myoxwſ by Epiphanimſ in hiſ Ancorot iſ alleadged to prooue thereſurrection. Ayox@ſ ſaith he, animeal ſemeſtre mori— tur ,C&r rurſuſ poſt tempore ſua reviviſſet. The Dormouſe at halfe a yeere olde dyeth, and after hir full time reviueth againe: And in hiſ bookeagainſt hereſieſ, he ſpeaketh thuſ to The deſerip. Origen. Tradunt natur a rerum experti, Myoxum latitareſ&r fatuſ ſwoſ ſinoul in eodem loce, ;tion of the WW/90S parere : quingue, c> ampliuſ, viperaſ antem hoſvenari, C ſtinnenerit totum latibv— Dormouſe (Wm2 2p/a vipera,quum won polſet ommeſ denorare, pro vna vice ad Satietatem edit vnum aut out of Epi. Fioulie, duoſ, reliquorum vere oculoſ expungit, &r ciboſ affert, extacatoſque enutrit, donee voluerit vnhumquemi, corum denorare. Si vero contigerit,vt aliqni inexperti in hoſ incidant, ipfoſſ ffiſict in cibum ſumant, venenum ſibi ipſiſ ſumint, coſ qui Avipera veneno ſunt enntriti. Sit ett— am 6 tu Origineſ &Gr@ca dottrina mente ExXCacatuſ, venenum hiſ qm'ſſ tibi crediderunt, eno— munſti,c facluſ eſipſiſ in edulium venenatum ,ita vr perquaipſe iniuria affectuſ eſ, er t4 pluſ inturia afficeriſ. The Philoſopherſ which are cunning in the nature of thingſ doe write thatthe Dor— mouſe doth lyehid, and bring forth many yoong oneſ in the ſame place where he lyeth, fiue or more at a time, and the viperſ doc hunt theſe to deſtroy them : now if the vipe finde their neſt, becauſe ſhe cannot cate them allat one time at the firſt, ſhe filleth hir ſelfe with one or two, and putteth out the eyeſ of the reſidue, and afterwardſ bringeth them meat and nouriſheth them being blind , vntill the time that her ſtomack ſerueth her to t them every one. Butif it happen that in the meane time, any man chaunce to light ypo# theſe Viper—nouriſhed—blinde—Dormiſe, and to kill & eatthem ;they poyſon thell*nſclucs throug 40 a 0 Of the Dor—monſe. 527 through the venomwhich the viper hath left in them , ſo fareth it withthee O Origew, for thou art blinded with the Grzecianſ doctrin, & doſt vomit out that poiſon into their hartſ whichdo belecuethee, that thou art made vato them a venemouſ meate, whereby thou doſtwrong otherſ, aſ thon haſtbene wrongd thy ſelfe. : Bywhich it iſ manifeſt, that Myoxwſ iſ neither a Toad nor a Frog, but the Dormouſ. And the charme which iſ made for the Afleſ vrine, aſ wee hauce ſhewed already in hiſ ſto— ry, Galluſ bibit ,& non meijet, Myoxuſ metjet , & non bibit. The cocke drinketh and maketh Whg'_bſi'ſ they not water , the Dormouſ maketh water and neuer drinketh. But whether it be true &f no fffetennyt that ſhe neuerdrinketh, Idarenor afirme : But thiſ iſ certain, thatſhe drinkethbut very 10 fildome,and it ought to be no wonder that ſhe ſhould make water , for tame Conieſ, aſ longaſ they can feed vpon greene hearbeſ , do render abundance of vrine, and yet neuer drink.The Greecianſ alſo docallchiſ beaſt E/y05, although that word dolikewiſe ſignifie a Squirel.In Me/a awood of Italy, there iſ never founde Dormouſ, exceptat the time of theirlittering. Þ 10 Ofip ymined . Theyarebigger in quantity then a ſquirrel;thecolour vatiable;ſomtimieſ black; ſomtimeſ re 4*"t/tY griſled, ſometimeſ yellowe on the backe, butalwaieſ a white belly, hauing a ſhort haire, ucrall parteſ, and a thinner ſkinne then the poutike mouſe.They arealſo to be foundimel/we@/a;about Clarona.It iſ a biting and anangry beaſt, and therefore ſildometaken alite. "The beake or ſnowtiſlong, the eareſ ſhort and pricked; the taile ſhort, and not very hairy at the ende. 20 The middle of the belly ſwelleth downe betwixt the breaſtand the loynſ, which aremore narrowand truſſed vp together, they are alwaieſ very fat, and for that cauſe they are cal— led Lardiront. he twod Bucke—maſt iſ very acceptable meat vnto them, and dothigreatly farten them, they **** are much delighted with walnutſ, they climbe treeſ, and eat Appleſ, according to ſome, (but A/ber#uſ{aith more truely,) that they are more delighted with the iuyce then with the Apple. For it bath bin oftentimeſ founde,; thatvnder Appletreeſ,they haue opened much fruite, and taken out of it nothing but tbekernelſ, for ſuch iſ their wit and policie, thathauing gathered an Aple, they preſently put it in the 1wiiſt of a tree betwixt boweſ, and ſo by ſitting vponthe vppermoſt bough preſſeit aſſunder. Theyalſo growſfat by thiſ 3o meaneſ. - In auncient time they were wont to keepethem in coopeſ or tunneſ,andalſo.in Gar. . denſ paled aboutwithboord, where thereare beecheſ or Wal—nuttreeſ growing ,and in RZZRZS t ſome placeſ they haue a kind of earthen potte, wherein they putthem with Wal—nutteſ, Darmice, Buck—maſt, and Cheſnetſ.And furthermore it muſtbe obſerued, that they muſt be pla— ced inromeſ conuenient for them to breed young oneſ, their water muſtbe very thinne,, becauſe they vſe not to drinke much, and they alſolouedry placeſ. Tituſ Pompeinſ ( aſ Varro ſaith) did nouriſh a great many of them encloſed, and ſoal— ſo Herpinuſ in hiſ park in Gallia.It iſ a beaſt wel ſaid to be Arizaal Semiferum ,a creatur half wilde,for if you ſet forthem hutcheſ, and nouriſh them in warrenſ togethet, itiſ obſer— ued, that they neueraſſemble, butſuchaſ are brede in thoſe placeſ : Andif ſtraungerſ come among themwhich areſeperated from them, either by a mountaine, or by a riner, Seciery ana they diſcry them , and fight with them to death. cbuiift They nouriſh their parentſ in their old age, with ſingular piety. We haueſhewed al— þ;;,,,, ready, howe they are deſtroyed by the Viper, and it iſ certaine, that all ſerpenteſ lie in wait for them.Their old age doth end euery winter.They are exceeding{leepy ,and there— fore Marziall ſaith: Sompiculoſoſilliporrigit gliveſ. They growfat by ſleeping, and therefore Awſowinſ hath an elegant verſe; Dic,ceſſante cibo [ommo quiſ optmior eft ? gliſ? \ _ Becauſeit draweth the hinderleggeſ after it like a Hare, it iſ called Animal tratile, for it . goeth by inmpeſ and little leapeſ. In the wintertime theyare taken in deepe ditcheſ that are made in the woodſ, couered ouer with ſmall ſtickeſ, ſtraw, and earth, which the cun— trymendeniſe to take them when they are aſleepe.At other timeſ they leap from tree to The meaneſ treelike Squirrelleſ, and that they arckilled with arroweſ aſ they goe from bough to to take theſe bough,eſpecially inkollowe treeſ : for when the hunterſ finde their haunt wherein they "*""**** 5 Iodgc euu ram ._______ a 8 A ano The vfe of the fleſh of theſe mice. Pliy AMdarcelinſ Sextuſ Pliny Mdarceliuſ T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. lodge, they ſtop the hole in the abſence of the Dormouſe, and watch her turne backe a gaine! theſilly beaſt finding her paſſage cloſed, iſ buſied hande and foote to Openit ſhſſ entrance, and in the mean ſeaſon commeth the hunter behind her andkilleth her, ]ſſ Tellinathey are taken by thiſ meaneſ: The countrimen going into the fieldſ, carzyeth ſi-ſiſi theirhandſ burning torcheſ in the night time, which wh the filly beaſt perceiveth,with admiration thereof flocketh to the lightſ ,whereunto when they were come,; they W;rc io daſcled with the brightncſſe that they were ſtarke blinde, and might ſobee taken with — menſ handſ. The vſe of them being taken waſ, to eat their fleſh, for in Rheria at thiſ day they ſaltir and eat it, becauſeit iſ ſweetand fat likeſwineſ fleſh.Amp/ammſ Marcellinuſ wondereth a; 10 the delicacy of hiſ age, becauſe when they were at their tableſ , they calledfor ballaunceſ to weigh their fiſh, and the memberſ of the Dor—monſe, which waſ not done (ſith hecey without anye diflike of ſome preſent, and thingeſ not heretofore vſed, are now Comen— ded daily. Appitiuſ alſo preſcribeth the muſcleſ and fleſh incloſed of them, taken out offe. uery memberof a Dormouſ,beaten withpepper ,Nut-kcmels,Parcenippcs ,and Butter ſtuffedaltogether into the belly of a Dormouſ, andſewed vp with thread, andſo bakedjſ; an Ouen, orfod in a kettle,to bean excellent and delicate diſh.. And in Italy at thiſ day theyeeat Dormice (ſaithCe/iwſ,pyer there were ancientlaweſ arnong the Romanſ,called Legeſ cenſorie, whereby they were forbidden to'eat Dormice; firange birdſ,ſhel.fiſh,the neckeſ of beaſtſ , and diverſ ſuch other thingſ. And thuſ rauch ſhalſuffice for the deſcrip. 29 tion of theDormonſe. T he medicineſ of the Dormouſe. Dormyſe being taken in meate, doemuch profit againſtthe Bulimon; The pow. der of Dormyſe mixed with oyle, dothheale thoſe which are ſcalded with any hot lic— ker. A live Dormouſe doth preſently take away all wartſ being bound thereupon, Dor— myſe, and field—mice being burnt, and their duſt mingled with hony., will profit thoſe which deſire the clearneſſe of the eyeſ, if they doe take thereof ſome ſmall quantitie 30 every morning. The powder of a Dormonſe,or field mouſe rubbed vpon the eyeſ help— eththeaforeſaiddiſeaſe: A Dormouſe being flead, roaſted and annointed with oyle,and ſalt, being givnen in meate, iſ an excellent cure for thoſe that are ſhort winded. The ſame alſo doth very effed&ually heale theſe that ſpit out filthy matter or corruption, Powdet of Dormice, or fielde—mice, or yoong wormeſ ,being mixed with oyle doth heale thoſe that haue kibeſ on their heeleſ, orchilblaineſ on their handſ. The fatte of a Dormouſe, the fatte of a hen, and the marrow of an Oxe melted together.,and being hot,infuſed into the eareſ, doth very much profit both the paineſ and deafeneſſe thereof. The fatte of Dormice being boyled, aſ alſo of field—mice, are deliuered to be moſt profitable for the cſchewing of the palſie. The fat of a Dormouſe iſ alſo very excellent for 49 thoſe whichare troubled with a palfic or ſhaking of the ioyntſ. The Skinne and inward partſ of a Dormonſe being taken forth, and boyled with hony in a new veſſell, and after— wardſ powred into an other veſſell, will very effectually heale all diſeaſeſ which are inci— dent to the eareſ, being anointed thereupon.Theſkinne of a Dormonſe or a filke worme being pulled off,and the inward partſ thereof being boyled in a new braſen veſſell with hony,, from the quantiriclof 27.ounceſ euen to three,and ſo kept,that when there iſ need of a certaine bathing veſſell, the medicine being made warme and powred into the eareſ, doth helpe all paineſ, deafeneſſe, or inflammation of the eareſ. The fat of a Dormouſe iſ commended to be very medicinableforthe aforenamed diſeaſeſ. The ſame iſ profi— table for all paineſ , acheſ, or griefeſ in the belly. The vrine of a Dormonſe iſ an excelleft 50 remedy againſt the palſie, And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice concerning the medicinall vertueſ of the Dormouſſ. of Of the Hameſter—moiſe.: 529 > Ofthe Hameſter, br ( ryetuſ, the firſt froure taken 4 by Mychaell Horuſ. Vt k & T he ſecond pitlure Zct](en b) Tohn lQntnctmnt, and it to iſ her faſhion and portrazture to lie thuſ when ſhe iſ angry, for ſo doth her colour appeare both on the backe and a belly. 30 J| Hiſ beaſt iſ called in Latine Czzceraſ, and in the Germaine 40 || toung Aameſter,Traner ,and Keynfaerlethatiſ piggſ of the The nameſ D—8\| corne. It iſ a litrle beaſt,not much bigger then a Rat,dwel— ing in the earthof the rooteſ of corne, ſhe iſ not drawne a — P\[ gainſt her wil out of her cane at any time, but by powring —, ,, defirip© poy]| hot water orſome other lickor. The head of it iſ of diverſ tion, ' 9 colourſ, the backe red, the belly white, and the haire ſtic— kethſo faſt to the Skin, that it iſ eaſier to pulthe ſkin from the fleſh, then any part of the haire from the ſkin. It iſ but Z alitcle Beaſt aſ we havue ſaid, but very apt to bite and fight, andfulof courage , and thereforehath receiued from nature thiſ ornament and defence, 50 that it bath a bonie helinet, couering the head and the braine whenit ſtandeth vp, vppon the hinder leggeſ : Itreſembleth both in colour and proportion a Bear. Andfor thiſ cauſe Sithi Arcte fome writerſ haue interpreted it to be the beaſt called ArZomyſ, thuſ deſcribed by Saint my:; Ierom.It iſ a creature(faith hey abounding in the regionſ of Palaſtina, dwelling alwaieſ in the holeſ of rockeſ and caueſ of the earth, not excecding the quantity of a Hedgehogge, and of a compounded faſhion, betwixt a mouſe and a Beare. Ccoo But ——Upr "tv— anoneiii Gaun. . 530 T he Hiftory of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. But we hauc ſhewed already, that thiſ iſ the A/ive morſ, and therefore wee will nor ftand to confute it here. T he name Crzre#mſ ſeemeſ to be deriued from the 'z%/27 word which we read in Gele#ig to be Skwzeczeiek:thiſ beaſtſaith he,iſ common in the Northcm, partſof the world, and alſo in other placeſ,in figure, and ſhape, itreſembletha Beare in quantity itnener exceedetha great Soyex. It hath a ſhort raile, almoſt like notaile,itgoeth vpon two legſ, eſpecially when it iſ mooued to wrath. It vſeth the fore—feete in ſteadeof Chevorſſia handſ, and if it had aſ much ſtrength, aſ it hath courage, it would be aſ fiercefull aſ any of the Ci.. 7 Beare. For thiſ little beaſt iſ not afraidetoleapeinto the hunterſ face, although itcan doe cetuſ, no great harme, either with teeth or naileſ. Itiſ an argument thatitiſ exceeding hor,be. cauſe it iſ ſo bold and cager. In the vppermoſt chap, it hath long and ſharp teeth, grow. 10 ing two by two. It hathlarge and wide cheekeſ, which they alwaieſ fill, both carrying in, and carrying out, they eate with both, whereupon a devouring fellow ſuch aone aſ 574. fimuſ a ſeruant to Plantuſ waſ, iſ called Crycezm ,a Hamſter, becauſe he filleth hiſ mouth well, and iſ no pingler at hiſ meate. The makin The fore—feete are like a Mouldſ, ſo ſhort,but notaltogetherſo broad, with them he er tineſ, ſ digeth the earth, and makethhiſ holeſ to hiſ den; burwhen he diggethſofar aſ he can. not caſtthe earth out of the hole with them, then he carrieth it foorth in hiſ mouth, Hiſ den within he maketh large, to receine corne, and prouiſion of fruite for hiſ ſuſten— tation,whereinto hediggethmany holeſ, winding and turning euery way,thatſ{o he may beſafe both againſtbeaſtſ thathunt him, and never be killed in hiſ den: And alſo if a man 20 digge the carthhe may find hiſ lodging with more difficultie. In the harueſt time he car— riech in graine of all ſortſ, and my Author ſaith, Negueminiſ in colligendſ induſtrinſ quam in eligendo, conſeruandoque eſt aſtutuſ optima enim repenit. He iſ no leſſe induſtriouſ in the gathering of hiſ prouiſion, then crafty and pollitike in the choice, and keeping it, for it Laieſ vp the beſt; and leſt that it ſhould rot vnder the earth, it biteth off the fibreſ and taile ofthe graine laying vp the reſiducamongſtgraſſe and{tubble: It lieſ gaping over hiſ gathered graine, euen aſ the couctouſ man iſ deſcribed in the Satyre ſlecping vpon hiſ money baggeſ. It groweth fatte withſleepe likeDormice,, and Conieſ. The holeſ into the caue are very narrow ſo that withſliding out and in, they wear their haire. The earth which commeth out of their holeſ doth not lie on heapeſ like mole— 36 hilſ, but iſ deſperſed abroad, and that iſ fitteſt for the multitude of the holeſ, and all the holeſ and paſſageſ are covered with earth : but that hole which for the moſt part ſhe go— ethoutat, iſ knowne by a foote—pathe, andhath no hinderaunce in it, the other placeſ at which ſhegoeth out are more obſcureandhid, and ſhee goeth out of them backwardeſ. Themale and femal do both enhabitin one caue, and their younge oneſ being brought forth,they leaue their old den and ſeekethem out ſome new habitation. In the male there iſ thiſ perfidity, that when they haue prepared al their ſuſtenance and brought it in, hee dothſbut out the female, and ſufferethher not to approch nie it, who reuengeth hiſ per— fidiouſneſ by deccipt.For going into ſome adioyning caue, ſhe docth likewiſe pertake of the fruitſ which were laid vp in ſtore by ſome other ſecret hole inthe caue,the malenener 49 perceiuing it. Pra So that nature hath wonderfully foreſeene the pouerty of al creatureſ : neither iſ it 0— therwiſe among ſt me,for that which they canot do by equity ,they perform by fraud. Thiſ alſo commeth in the ſpeech of the common people,againſtone that wil thrine. The yorg country wencheſ concerning thiſ matter, do chaunt out a verſe not vapleaſant, which! am contented to expreſſe in Iambickeſ, conſiſting of foure feet : Hameſter ipſe cum ſua Sedferiniſ quiſ infit am ? Prudenſ catuſ7, coniuge Vincanſt doltſ aſtutiam ? Stipat profundum pluribuſ Nonnm par anſ cuniculum. Per tempuſ antrumfrugibuſ Furatur omne triticum. 50 Poſſitque ſoluſ vt frui, Egenſ marituſ perfidam Lettiſ aceruiſ hordei Quarit per antra coniugemſ, Anaruſ antro credulam Nexc ſe repellat blanduliſ Extrudit arte contugem Demulcit innentam ſuniſ, Serwa jnquit, exienſ,foraſ, Ileeſſe iam communta Celi ſcrena & pluniaſ, Serwata dum ſinit bona., ' At Of the Hameſter—mouſe. \ 531 2 At perfiduſ multipliceſ Rurſuſ frountur mutuiſ Opponit intuſ obiceſ. Antriſ, cibiſ , amplexibuſ. Thiſ beaſt doth devoure allkinde of fruite, and if he be nouriſhed in a houſe he eaterch 54 **© bread and fleſh: he alſo hunteth the fielde mice. When he taketh hiſ meate, he raiſeth gol SoVE: himſelfe vpon hiſ fore feete : he iſ alſo wont with hiſ forefeete to ſtroake hiſ head, eareſ, and mouth, which thing the Squirrell andthe Cat docalſo , and aſ the Beauer among— eſt thoſe creatureſ which lineaſ wellby water, aſ by land : but although in hiſ bodie he ſeemeth but ſmall, notwithſtanding he iſ by nature apt to fight and very furiouſ be— 16 ing prouoked , with hiſ carriage in hiſ mouth he beateth away with both hiſ feete that whichreſiſtechhim, direly imuading hiſ enemie : In the ſpirite and aſſaulting of hiſ The ange & mouth he iſ wayward and threatning, from whence our countreymen were accuſtomed ſſ;ſſlfioct ſ to ſay of any one which waſ angry , he breatheth hiſ wrath out of hiſ mouth like a Ham— ſter : Dwſprueſt vnic ein hamſier : neither iſ he eaſily afftighted although he be far vne— quall vato thoſe in ſtrength with whom he iſ in combate. &.: Wherefore ſome doe give it in the place of a Provuerbe, thatour Countreymen doe calla man which iſ madly raſh E/» ra/lep hamſfer ,aſ foolehardy ,aſ a kamſter. Heflieth from any one that doth ſharply reſiſt him , and doth greedily follow after them that flie from him. I my ſelfe ſaw one of theſe who by aſſaulting 2 horſe gat him by the noſe, and would 26 never leauc hiſ holde vntilthe waſ killed with a ſword: He iſ taken by diverſ meaneſ,for __ i he iſ expelied cither by hot water powred into hiſ den ,or iſ choaked within, or being at diged vp with a mattocke or ſpade he iſ killed; or by doggeſ. He iſ ſometimeſ pulled out beaſt. by the Foxe, or hurt : or oppreſſed by ſomeſnarea great waight being put aboutit, or to conclude he iſ taken by Art aline, and that in the night time, when he goeth toſeeke hiſ prey, for in the day time for the moſt part helyeth hid. Before hiſ vſuall caue (aſ I haue ſaid) he iſ taken by the path which iſ worne,by a pot which iſ put into the earth, andafterward made plaine about it like other placeſ of the fielde: there iſ earth caſtinto the bottome of the pot to the deepeneſſe of two fingerſ, aboue euery where coucring the pot there iſ placed a ſtone, which iſ helde vp by a peece a of wood, to which there iſ bound below a fragment of bread : In the ſpace betweenethe caue and the pot there are crumeſ of bread ſcattered, which he following and leaping in— to the por, the wood falling he iſ taken. Being taken after the mannerof other beaſteſ, he toucheth no foode. If a broad ſtone, ſuch an one with which they couer pauemienteſ , or of which they make roofe—tileſ ſhall be toyned vnto the pot , and the beaſtbetaken, he will be very hardly knowne in themorning, for the ſpirit of the beaſt being ſhut in, and waxing wroth, pearcing for thineſſe doth moiſten the ſtone. The ſkinſ of Hamſterſ are ve— ry durable,ot which there are certaine long coateſ which come downe vnto the heeleſ The yee of and diverſ conlored cloakeſ made, which the woman of A//e»4 and Sile/?a doe vſe, and their Shinſ. account them very honorable, of a blacke and red conlour,with broad gardſ or edgeſrof 40 the ſkinneſ of Otterſ : theſame coateſ are forthe moſt part vallued at the price offifteene or twentie Repenſzan crowneſ : for it doth out—weare in length three or foure garmentſ madeeither of linnen , or wollen cloath. In Twyingia and Miſe#a thiſ beaſt iſ frequent, notwithſtanding not in all placeſ, for in Tyzringia hiſ chiefeſtabode iſ about Efardanuſ, and Salcenſ/ſ in Miſena, about Lipſia, and the field Pegen//ſ, the plentifulleſt and moſt fertileſt placeſ of both thoſe regionſ: In Zuſ/itinabout Radeburge he iſ diged out of theplaceſ where painick groweth.At Mw/— berge and Albiſ, he iſ found inthe Vine—yardeſ, for he iſ alſo fed with ripe grapeſ. Our countrey—men are wont to burne a liuing Hamſter in a pot being ſhut for the medicineſ of horſeſ. Ithath beene ſeene that one of theſe hath leaped vp and caughtahgrſc by the go BOſe,neuer letting goehiſ hold vntill ſhe waſ cutoff with a ſword. The skiſil' iſ of three or foure different colourſ, beſideſ theſpotted ſideſ, and therefore the Skinne iſ very pretiouſ. They abound in Twingiſ where the ſoile iſ good, and there iſ alſo great ſtore of graine. Cec. 2 Of The name, deſcription and diſpoſiti on. Agricela, Gevelug:. Olanſ mag ® c edAgricola T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. NORICIAN MOV SE. == He Morician mouſe iſ called in Latine C#ellwſ, and itkee. | } peth like the wilde mice in the caueſ and denſ of the earth, | The body iſlike to a Domeſtical Weaſilſ, long & ſlender, the taile very ſhort, the coulour of the hairelike to a gray Conieſ, bugmore bright.It wanteth eareſlike a mole, but it hath open paſſageſ infleade of eareſ, wherewithall it hea— reththe ſound, aſ you ſhalſee in many birdſ. Theteeth are like the teeth of mice,and of their ſkinneſ theywere ſolde for twenty Groateſ, Valaterramnſ, and Hermaolaiſ are of thiſ opinion, that the white oneſ in thiſ kinde, bee called of the Italianſ. A# mellineſ, andby the Germaineſ Hermelin, but wee haue promiſed already to prooud that 10 20 39 49 50 Of the Pontique SM ouſe. 533 that Zeymelin iſ a kind of Weaſell, which in the winter time iſ whire, by reaſon of extrea— mity of cold, and in the ſummer returneth into her colour again,like aſ do the Hareſ of the Alpeſ. Thiſ PontiqueMouſe differeth from otherſ onely in colour, for the white iſ mingled with aſhcolour , or elſe it iſ ſandy and blacke, and in Pollonia at thiſ day they are found red and aſh— colour. Their two lowermoſttecth before are very long ,& when it go— eth,it draweth the taileafter it like mice,when it eareth it vſech the forefeet inſtead of hadſ, and feedeth vpon Walnutſ, Cheſnutſ, Filbeardſ, ſimal Nutſ,Appleſ,and ſuch like fruitſ. To the winter time they take ſleep in ſtead of meate : And it iſ to bee remembred;that the Polonianſ have foure kindſ of pretiouſ ſkinſ of Mice which they vſe in their Garmenteſ, 1o diſtinguiſhed by foure ſenerall nameſ. The firſt of griſell colour called Popreliza. Theſe— cond iſ called Grome/?ha//, a very white beaſtalloner, exceptthetip of the taile which iſ al blacke, and thiſ iſ the Zeymel/ſ. The third iſ called AU#ogrode/ſ from the name of a Towne, and thiſ iſ white mingled with griſell, and thiſ iſalſo akind of Pontike Mouſe. The 4.Vutenuerka,of a brightCheſ nut colour, and thiſ iſthe Squirrell, for they call Squirrelſ,Weaſelſ, and Fermelin al by the name of mice. Theſe Pontique Mice havetecth on bothſideſ, and chewthe cud. In the winter time aſ we baue ſaid they lie and ſleepe, eſpecially the white oneſ, and their ſence of taſt doth excel al other(aſ Pliny writeth,ythey build their neſtſ and breedlike com— mon Squirrelſ. 20 Their ſkinſ are ſold by ten together , the two beſtare called Zizz/chwſ. the 3 . a little worſe arecalled Cra/ſmaxzthe 4.next to them Pacri/za,andthelaſt and vileſt of all Moloiſchna:with theſe ſkinſ they hem and edge garmenteſ, and in ſome placeſ they make canonicall Gar— mentſ of them for prieſtſ, vato which they ſew their taileſ to hang downe on the Skirtſ of their garmentſ ; of which cuſtome Zerme/awſ writeth very excellently in theſe wordſ. 2#+ Stroxitco ex muribuſ, luxuriam ſwam vita, alioſ magniſ frigoribuſ, alioſ media annitempore, a ſeptentrionibuſpetendo, armanuuſ corpora,Cr de bellamnſ animoſ. That iſto ſay, The life of man hath learned to be pr odigall cuen out of the ſkinſ of Mice,forſomethey vſe againſ extremity of cold, and theyfetch otherſ out of thefartheſt Northern partſ, for the mid— dle part of the yeare: Thuſ do we arme and adorne our bodieſ, but put downe andſpoyle 30 our mindſ. ? o Beſide, there iſ a flying Ponticke or Scy— thian Mouſe, which we may callthe broad— Squerrell—Mouſe,whoſe ſkinne iſ heer ex— preſſed aſ you may ſee, and for the diſcrip— tion thereof, Thaue thought good to adde an Epiſtle of Axzoninſ Schnebergeruſ the Lituanian of Vilna vnto Geſner, in theſe wor deſ following : ; » Iſend vntothee alitrle Skin, the vpper place of the haireſ thereof being of a white aſh—colour, but the roore of the haire or in— : nerpartthereof,iſ a blackebroune. . They it et call it Pupyelycaa Lataydcza, that iſ, A Pontique—flying—Mouſe :Itiſalwaieſſo moyſt, that it can neuet be dreſſed by the Skinner, or Lether—dreſſer. 5 mf e The people vſe it to wipe ſore running'cicſ,having a perſiwaſion that there iſ in it a ſigolar vertuefor the eaſing and mitigating of thoſe paineſ:: but Lthinke that the ſoftneſſle waſ the fiſt cauſe whichbrought in the firſt vſetherof,but if the haireſ do not cleauc hard to tlſſlc Skin, it cannot be done without danger. Alſo thehaireſ hanging aſit were in a round cir— cle againſtorabonethe two formerfecte, they callwingſ, wherwithall they are tþougþc y to fly ftom treeto tree. Thuſ far Apzonivſ, Geſneraftet the receite of theſe ſkinſ,being wil— '_ ling toptefernethein from motheſ,bedauſe they were raw for experience ſake gane them toalembiendreſſer; who preſently dreſſed them with Vineger and the Lecſe of Wyne, ſothavitappearethche Skinnerſ of Litenania had not the Aſtertheyweredreſſed they—were ſo ſofte that they ſretched abouemeaſure, ſo that cneryone of themwere ſquare, thatiſ to ſay, their length and: breadth were Cqufſinz Cof3 OFr 49 5 9 4. T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. for they were two paimeſ or eight fingerſ broade :and no more in length, the head and taile excepted, wherefore it may well be called a ſquare Mouſe, or Sciuruſ quadratuſ, be.. cauſe weare ſure of theformer, but not of the flying; the taile waſ aſ long aſ foure or fue fingerſ arebroad, being rough like the taile of other Squirrelſ, but befet with blacke and whitehaireſ , the whole colour both of the belly and vpper parte waſ whitiſh aſ we haue ſaid, but blacke vaderneath, the haire iſ ſo ſoft aſ any ſilke, and therefore fit for the vſe of the cieſ. The careſ ſhorter and rounder thena Squirrelſ, the feete did not appeare by the ſkin :the neather part waſ diſtinguiſhed from thevpper part, by a certaine viſibleline, wherein did hang certain long haireſ which by their roughneſ and ſolidity vnder the thin and broad frame of theirbody, might much help them to flie,cuen aſ broad fiſheſ ſwim by the breadth of their bodieſ, rather then by the help oftheirfinſ. The Helwetianſ wear theſe Skinſlintheir garmenteſ. It iſ reported by Achazaſ, that the inhabitanteſ of pepry; by making ſupplication to their Godſ,didauert andturnaway the rage of Mice from their cornfieldeſ, aſ the Egyptianſ did, aſ we hauc ſaid before in the ſtory of the vulgar Monſe, at & 30 OF THE MOVSE CALLED the Shrew, or the erd—Shrew. Heword Hanaka of the Hebreweſ remembred in the 11. chap. of Lewitticnſ, iſ dinerſely interpreted by thet ranſla— toiſ,{ome cal it a reptile beaſt which alwaieſ cryeth : ſome 40 a reptile—flying—beaſt, ſomea Horfe—leach, or bloud—ſuck— AZN| er, ſome a Hedghoeg , and ſome a Beauer,aſ we hauce ſhew— FJl ed beforcin the Hedghog. But the Septuagintſ tranſlateit Mygile; and S. Zerom: Muſ araneuſ, that iſ, a Shrew. Dit ſcortdeſ: calleth it Miogale. The Germanſ and Heluetianſ calit Mytzer , in ſome parteſ of Germany , from the figure < Sq ofthe ſnout it iſ called Spitcemſ, by ſome Ziſſmuſſ, from the fiction of hiſ voice, aud ſo me Gz70// Zr/ſmauſſ. o The Hollanderſ call it Mo//»w#ſ/e, becauſe itreſembletha Moleſ Mazhealuſ for the Itali— anſ cal it Zoporagno, that iſ a Mole—Shrew. TheFrelzerianſ cal it Biſem—muſſ,thatiſ a Muke 5" mouſe, becauſe it being dryed in a furnace ſmellechilike muſke. The Skin pulled from the fleſh,ſmellethbeſt by it ſelfe, and yet'the fleſh ſmelleth weilalſojand ſo doe theexcre mentſ. But toreturne'to the Greeke name why it ſhould be cald Mygule, there iſ not ORE opinionamongſt the learned : but Ido moſt willingly condeſcendto the opinion of AF #inſ,who writeth that it iſ called Arygale, becauſe in quantity it exceedethnot a Mouſe, 22 4 . ye Of the Shrew—mouſe. 535 yetin colour itreſembletha Weaſell, and therfore it iſ compounded of two wordſ 24/7; a Mouſe,and Galey,a weaſell. Apztaſ iſ of opmionthat it iſ ſo called,becauſe it iſ begor betwixt a Mouſe and a Weaſel , but thiſ iſ neither true nor probable. For iſ it likely that Weaſelſ and Mice will couple together in carnall copulation, whoſe natureſ are ſo contrary , the one lining vpon the death of an other,that iſ the wea— ſeli vpon the Mouſe? And beiide the difference of quantitiebetwixt them, makethitim— poſſible to haneſuch a genceration. The other derivation of Migale, which iſ made by Rodolphuſ wiiting vpon Lenitieuſ fetching Mygalefrom Maſ geloſwſ,that iſ, a devouring Movuſe, it iſ againſt the order of all good Linguiſtſ, to deriue Greeke wordſ from Latin, xe but rather conſonant tolearning, to fetch the Zatine from the Greeke. There iſ no leſſeinquiry about the Latine name, whye it ſhould be called Mygſ 47a— nenſ ſecing arancaſignifietha Spider. Thiſ Mouſe ſaith Alberz»ſ, iſ a red kinde of Mouſe hauing aſmall taile, a ſharpe voicejand iſ full of poyſon, or venome. For which canſe Catſdockill them,but doe not eate them. Sponzizeſ writeth thuſ, of thiſ Shrew. M#ſ 474— neuſ, exiguum animal, at,leuiſſiinum eſt, quod arane modo tentiſſimumn frium, & Clady aciem concendit. That iſ to ſay, thiſ Shrew mouſe iſ a litrle and light creature, which like a Spider climeth vp vpon any ſmallthreed, or vpon the edgeof a ſword : and therefore you ſee, they deriue the Latin name ,from hiſ climing like a Spider. But in my opinion it iſ morereaſonable, to derive it from the venome and poyſon 2e which it containeth in it like a ſpider. For which cauſe Syleazieeſwriteth thuſ, Mugali id oeſt, draco marinuſ , & animal vencneſum, puſillum muri ſimile| num &» araneum prſtem, propter venenum pungentibuſ infitum ſpiniſ, vetereſ ophim, id eft.ſerpentem nominarunt, G® hodie quam vulgo draconem vel dracenam. That iſto ſay , there iſ a fiſh of the Sea, and a litcle beaſton the earth like a Mouſe, which by a generall word are called Mugale, and the ſpider fiſh called at thiſ day a Dragon,or Dragoniſt, waſ in auncient time called a Ser— pent, becauſe by hiſ prickly finneſ, ke did poyſon thoſe which were ſtrucken by him. Andconeerning thedeſcription of thiſ beaſt, it may be taken from thewordſ of an aun— cient Engliſh Phiſition, called Doctor William Turner. Thaneſcene(ſaith he) in England, the Shrew—Monſe of colour blacke, hauing a taileve— go ry ſhort, and her ſmout very long and ſharp ,and from the venomouſ biting of thiſ beaſt, we hanue an engliſh prouerb or imprecation, Lbeſhrow thee, when we curſeor wiſh harm vato any manthat iſ, thatſomeſuch euilaſthebiting of thiſ Mouſe may come vpon hin. The Spaniardeſ call thiſ bea ſt Ratow Peguenrno, the Illirianſ Viewed kamyſ, andthe Polo— | niaſ Kezit.They were wont to abound in Britamy,a8 Hermolanſ writeth. t They are alſo plentifullin Italy beyond the mountaineſ Aperize, but not on thiſ fide (aſ pliny writeth) yet in the hither parteſ of Italy and Germanie , there are many founde , eſpecially m the countrey neere. Trent, in the valey Amania, where thiſ iſ admitable, that by reaſon of the coldneſ of' that countrey their bitingſ are not venomotſ. Sorpaicyſ. For the Scorpionſ there arenot venemouſ,although in other placeſ of Italy they poiſon 40 deepely.Thiſ beaſtiſ much leſſe thema Weaſel;, and of an aſhicolour, in moſt placeſ like a mouſe,althoughthe colour benot alwaieſ conſtant, f Degetiue, ©Theeyeſ areſo ſmal, and beneath the propertion of her body, that it hath not been vn— e Actinſ ioſtly doubted of the auncienteſ whether they wereblinde or no, but in theirbeſt eſtate their ſight iſ very dul.And for thiſ cauſe the auncientEgyptianſ did worſhippe it : for aſ ctheyheld opinion that darkeneſ waſ before light , ſo they deemd that the blind creatureſ vere better then theſceing. And they alſo belecued that in the waine of the moone the li— mer of thiſ beaſt conſumed. It hath a long and ſharpe ſtiowt like a Mole, thar ſo it may be iapttordig. . The teethare very ſimall, but ſ0aſ they ſtand double in their mouth, for they thane foure'reweſ of tecth, two beneath, and two aboue,which are not onely apparant by go:their deſe@ionor anatomy, but alſo by their bitingeſ, for their woundſ are Quadruple, whereſoeuer they faſten their teeth.: Theirraile iſſlender and ſhort. But the deſcription ofthivBbeaſtwaſ betterapprehended By Geſrer at the ſight of one of them,which hee rela— tethonthiſ mannier. Thecolour (ſaithheey waſ partlyred; and partly yellow "mingled both together, but the tbellywhite. Thehinderfeetſeemethto cleaue to the body or loineſ. It ſmelleth ſtrong— ly; andcheſauour did bewray or ſignifie ſomeſecret poyſon. The P o ſ o 0 0 ſ h. 536 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The taile aboutthree fingerſ long, beſet with littleſbort haireſ. The reſidue of the bo.. dy waſ threefingerſ long. The cieſ very ſmall and black, not much greater then Moleſ ſo that next to the Mole they may iuſtly be caled,the leaſtſighted creatur among al four. footed—beaſtſ, ſo that in old age they are vtterly blind by the prouidence of God, abride. ing their malice, that when theit reethare growne to be moſt ſharp, and they moſt fullof poyſon, then they ſhould not ſee whome nor where to uent it. They differ aſ wehaueſaid in place and number, from all foure—footed—beaſtſ, ſo that theyſeeme to be compounded and framed of the teeth of Serpentſ and mice. Thetwo foretcethare very long, and they do not growe ſingle aſ in vulgar mice, but hane within them two other ſmall and ſharpe teeth.Andalſo thoſe twolong teeth grow not by them. to ſelueſaſ they do in other mice, but are conioyned in thereſidue, in one continued ranke, They are ſharpe like a ſaw, hauing ſharpe pointſ like needleſ, ſuch aſ could not be ſeene by man, except thetipſ of them were yellow.Of either ſide they haue eight teeth, where— aſ the vulgar micehaue butfoure, beſide the two long foreteeth, which alſo ſeeme deui— ded into two or three, which except one marke diligently, hee would thinke them tobee 9 allone. etvallt. It iſ a rauening beaſt, feygning it ſelfe to be gentle and tame, butbeing touched it bi— Ackanuſ, tethdeepe, and poiſoneth deadly. It beareth a crucllminde, deſiring to hurt any thing, neither iſthereany creaturethat it loueth,or it loneth him, becauſeit iſfeared ot al. The catſ aſ we haueſaidedo hunt it and kil it, but they eatnotthem, for if they do, they con— ſume away intime. They annoy Vineſ,andare ſildom taken except in cold, they frequent Oxe—dung,and in the wintertime repaireto howſeſ, gardenſ and ſtableſ, where theyare taken and killed. Ifthey fallinto a cart—road, they dieand canot get forth againe, aſ Marcelluſ, Nicander, and P/iny affirme Andthercaſon iſ given by Phileſ, for being in theſame, it iſ ſo amazd, and trembleth,aſ if it were in bandſ. And for thiſ cauſeſome of the ancientſ baue pre— ſcribethe earth of a cart—road,to belaidto the biting of thiſ monſe for a remedietherof. They go very ſlowely , they are frandulent, and take their prey by deceipt. Many timeſ they gnaw the Oxeſ hooueſ in the ſtable. They louc the rotten fieſh of Ravenſ andthere— fore in France when they hauekilled a Rauen, they keepe it tillit ſtinketh, and then caſtit 30 in theplaceſ where the Shrew—mice hanteth, whereuntothey gather in ſo great number, thatyou may kil them with ſhovelſ. The Egyptianſ vpon the former opinion of holineſ, do bury them when they die And thuſ much for the deſcription of thiſ beaſt. The ſuc— ceeding diſcourſe toucheththe medicineſ ariſing outofthiſ beaſt, alſo the cure of hirve— nemouſbitingſ. a 0 Marciluſ T he medicineſ of the Shrep. The Shrew, which falling by chaunceinto a Cart—roade or trackedoth die ypon the 49 ſame,bcing burned ,and afterwardſ beatenoor diſſoluedinto duſt,and mingled with gooſe greace,being rubbed or annointed vpon thoſe which adre.troubled with the ſwelling in the fundamgenot comming bythe cauſe of ſome; inflamation, doth bring ynto thent. a worder— full and moſtadmirable cureand remedic— The Shrew being ſlaine or killed, hangingſo that neither then nor afterwardſ ſhe may touch the ground,; doth helpethoſe. which are gricued and pained in theirbodieſ, withſoreſ called fellonſ, or bileſ; which doth! paine themwith a great inflammation, ſo that it be three timeſ inuironed or compaſſedabout thepartie ſotroubled. The Shrew which dyeth in the furtow ofa catt—wheele bcitigfound and rowled in potterſ clay or a linnen cloth; or in Crimſon;or ſearlet—wollen—clothſ and Pliny three timeſ marked about the impoſtumeſ, which willſuddenly ſwell in any manſ body» 50 will very ſpeedily and effectually helpe and cure the ſame: havdr The taileof a Shrew being cut off and burned; and afterwardſ beaten into—duſt, and applied or annointed vpon the ſore of any man, which came by thebiting of a greedy andrauenouſ dogge, willinvery ſhortſpace make then both whole and ſound, fo that the tailebe cut from the ſhrew when ſheiſ alite; notwhen ſhe iſdead, for thenit hlſith : , T neithef Pliny Of the Shrew—=M . ouſe. $37 neither good operation, nor efficacy in it. The formerhoofeſof a horſe being ſcraped, and theſamefragmenteſ or ſcantlingeſ thereof being beaten in the duſte or earth ,which Mippocy ater. hath been digged vp by a Shrew, in foure meaſureſ of water, powred downe the mouth of a horſe which iſ troubled with any paine or wringing in hiſ bowelſ, will ſoon givne him bochhelpe and remedic. TheShrew being either applyed in drinke, or put in the maner and forme of a phiſter, or hanged vpon theſore which he hath bitter, iſ the moſt excel— lenteſt, and moſt medicinable cure for the helping and healing thereof, A preſeruative againſt poiſon,would bean.excellent remedy;that neither man nox any other living crea— cure,ſwould be bitten if they ſhould leane or would wantthar ſuperſtition called an en— chantmentagainſt poiſon,being hanged about the necke, whercof we will ſpeakemore in the curing of thebiteſ of thiſ beuſt. T hat the biting of a Shrew iſ venomonſ,and of the reaſon & of /zect[ing in thiſ kind. tt In Italy the biting of 2 Shrew iſaccounted for a very ſtrong poyſon, andthatexcept PL» there beſorme medicine very ſpeedily applyed for the curing and healing thereof,thepar— 2 ty ſo bitten will dye. Theſe Shreweſ areitruely ſo venemouſ and full of poyſon, that being a e flaine or killedby Catſ, whoſe nature iſ to Lill whatſocuer Mice they take, they will not offer to touch or eate the leaſt part of them. Butthebiting of a female Shrew iſ moſt obnoxiouſ and burtfull when ſhe iſ great with, young, but moſt dangerouſ of all when ſhe biteth any one which iſ great with young; either a woman ,or any other beaſt whatſocuer,her ſelf being alſo with yeoung, for then it Adarce/eſ: will hardly be cured. E : If a Shrew ſhall biteany creature while ſhe iſ great with young, the puſheſ or bileſ willintime be broke which they make, and willcome vnto a very great and malignant PDofewi wound and ſore. If the Shrew doalſobite any creature during the time ſhe iſ with young, iefcoridex ſhe will preſently leape of, notwithſtanding ſhee biteth more dangerouſ . There iſ no— thing which doth more apparantly explane and ſhew the biting of a Shrew then a certaine vehement paine and griefe in the creature which iſ ſo bitten, aſ alſo a pricking ouerthe whole body, with an inflamation or burning heate going round about the place, anda fiery redneſſe thereiſſ; in which a blacke puſh or like ſwelling with a watery matter, and filthy cormption doth ariſe, and allthe parteſ of the body whichdoc ioyne vnto itſeeme blacke and blue with the marneilouſ great paine, anguiſh, and griefe, which ariſeth and proceedethfrom theſame. , When the puſh or bile which commeth by the occaſion of a Shrew cleaueth or iſ bro— ken, their proccedeth and yſſuethforth a kinde of whitefleſh, hauing' a certaine rinde or Skinne vppon it, and ſometime there appeareth in them a certaine burning, and ſome; timeſ the fame iſ eaten in and falleth out ,: but in the beginuing there iſ a moſt filthy 49 gicene corruption and matter which floweth in the ſame, afterward it iſ putryfied, and Dirſcorideſ eaten in, and then the fleſh ſalleth forth: the wringingſ alſo of the inward parteſ, the difficulty of voiding of the vrine, and a cold corrupted ſweate, doth follow and accompa;, ny the ſame. But Awicenna afirmeth,that in what place ſoeuer thiſ beaſt ſhal bite, the ſoreſ there— of, with great anguiſh will pant or beate, and that in euery hole wherein hiſ venomouſ teethhaue entred, there will a certaine fiery redneſſe appeare, the ſkinne whereof being broken, there will come a very white and matery ſore, which will breed much paine and trouble in all the parteſ of the body for the moſtpart. The ſoreſ or woundeſ which are madealſoby thiſbeaſtare very manifeſtly knowen by the markeſ of the fore—reeth ſtan— . 5" ding all in arowtogethet, aſ alſo by the blood which yſſueth from the wound, bczſing ar AcginettA thefirſt pure, cleare, and excecding red, butafterwardeſ corrupt, blackiſh, and fullof putrifadion, There do alſo divuerſ buncheſ ariſe in the fleſh vſually after the biting of thiſ beaſt, which if any man ſhall breake, hc ſhallſee the fleſh which lycth vnder them corrupted, and jcſi; pide Auicenna BT 3 0 1 | tt 538 Aricenna, Dioſcovideſ. Pliny . Aricenna, Actiſ. Dioſcorideſ , Geoponicaſ Pliny Actinſ: "Scorpionſ, or the bit eſ of the Shrew or rauenouſ dog. T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſlſ. tided with cerraine clefteſ or riſtſin theſame . Moreonerthenature of thiſ beaſtiſ ſuch thatforthe moſt part he doth couetrto bite thoſe whombe can come vnto by the ſtoncs, or genitall, notonely men,;butalſo all other brute beaſtſ whatſoeuer: andthuſ nuch ſhal ſufficeconcerning the biting ofthiſ beaſt: ! Wormewood being beaten or bruiſedſimal, ſtraynd in a fine linnen cloth; and ming. led in Wine':, given to the party either man or Woman in Wine.to drinke who iſ byrren by a Shrewe, willprocure him prefent eaſe and remedy . —The ſame alſo iſ aſ excellent remedy for thebitingſ or ſtingingſof a Sea—Dragon. Vinegar iſ very me.— dicinablefor thebitingſ ofthe Shrew andof Dogſ, aſ alſo for the Fith called by the La— trineſ Scolopendra, (which voydethallher bowelſ out vntilithe hooke come forth, where. withſhe iſtaken, and then ſucketh them vp againe) the Scorpionandallother venemouſ Serpentſ. Butthe Greecian Phyſitianſ affirme, that the ſame ought to be mingled with other Medicineſ for the helping of the aforeſaid diſeaſeſ, aſ to take the aſheſ of the Shrew be— ing burnt, the Gumme or liquor of the Hearbe called Fennell—giant , dryed barly beaten into ſmall powder , Muſtard—ſeede pounded ſmall with the Hearbe called Purple, or Mothmullein, and minglethem altogether with Vineger, andbeing ſoapplyed they will preſently cure the aforeſaid ſtingſ or bitingſ. Garlike being bruiſed; and the inyece thereof anointed vpon the place which waſ bitten by a Shrew, willpreſently expell the paine, and wholly cure the ſore. For the expelling of the ſuperfluitieſ of the pairingſ of the dead fleſh, growing rou nd about the ſore, being not caſtaway but remaining thereon. Take Cummin and coucr the wound or biting therewith, then apply Garlike being beaten into Oyle thereunto, and annoint the placeſ about the ſore, aſ alſo the ſore itſelfe very diligently, and in very ſhertſpace of timeit will canſe the ſameto fallaway of itowneaccord. For the healing alſoof the biteſ of thiſ Beaſt. Take Garlike, the leaueſ of a figge—tree, and Cummin, mingle them very wellalto— gether,tilthey come to a mollifiyng or temperat ſubſtance,then take the ſame, andfaſhi— on it in the forme or manner of a playſter, and it will very ſpeedily and effeQually curethe ſore. me aſ 0 0 The ſeede orleaueſ of Cole—wortſ,being beatentogether with vinegar, and thehearb 30 cald Aſſifertida, iſ very good and profitable to be applyed either to the biteſ of thiſ beaſt orarauceningDogge. The dung of a Dog being taken and annointed vpon either man or Horſſewhichhathbeenebitten by a Shrew, wil bee an excellent remedy both for the cuting and healing them of the ſame. The Hoofeof a Ramme being dryed, beaten into powder, and afterwardſ mixed with Hony, will belikewiſe very good for thoſe whichare bitten with the ſame beaſt, ſo that they be firſt temperedand faſhioned in the manner of a playſter, and then applyed thereunto. The little white ſtalkeſ which p roceede from a blacke Fig being beaten with the leaueſ of the Hearbe called Mothmullein, Waxe, and Vineger, vatilithey comevato a mollifying inyce or ſalue, will be an excellent remedy againſt the biting of the Shrew, being annointedthereupon. The young or tender ſtalkeſ of a wildeFigtree, beethey never ſo few or ſmall, being firſtſtecped in Wine, thenlapped in a leake of the ſame Tree, and ſo applyed votothe ſtingſ and biteſ of Scorpionſ, and the Shrew, will in very ſhort rime cure and healethe ſame. Prouided alwaieſ that the wound bee welland diligently bathedor waſhed, before any thing be put or applyed thereunto. Dioſcorideſ, Anicenna,and Adtuaruſ doe affirme, thatthe excellenteſt, and medicina— bleſt cure for the biteſ of a Shrew iſthiſ, to take the Spleene of the ſame beaſt, and beate it together with Vinegar, and the Gumme called Ga/bapzw, then to annoint it or mbit vpon the ſore, and it will preſently expell away all paine, and in ſome ſnortſpace altoge— 49 therhcale it. Ifthe red buncheſ or Vicerſ which doe vſually grow about the biteſ ofſ Shrew do fortune to breake, take very ſharpe and ſtrong brine or pickle, and rub icb_oth about, and within the ſore, and afterwardeſ apply barly being burned and beaten into fmall duſtor powder thereunto, which medicine although it ſeeme ſomewhat grievouſ and painefull, yet it iſ very good and profitable for the expelling cither of the ſtingeſ 0 The Of the Shrew—xM onſe. 539 The genitall of a Hare being beaten into powder mingled with Vineger, and anoynted vpon the biteſ of a Shrew, doth ſpeedily curethem. Wilde Mallowſ being mingled with P thoſe Malloweſ that grow inthe Garden, haue in them a very effeQuallforce and power to cure all ſtingeſ or venemouſ bitingeſ »eſpecially of Scorpionſ, Shreweſ, Waſpeſ, and ſuchliteſtinging creatureſ. The Shrew being cut and applyed in the manner of a plaiſter, doth effeQually cure her owne biteſ. The Shrew beingkilledand annointed allounerwith Oyle, and durt, or mire, applyed vnto the Vicerſ orred ſwellingſ which come by her venemouſ teeth, will very ſpeedily procure them to breake. The Shrew being cut or beaten intoſmall pieceſ, Ee dryed into powder, mixed with Vine ger, and faſhioned in the forme of a plaiſter, will ve— ry ſpeedily and effecually cure the bireſ of a Shrew, whether ſhe be great with young or not, ſothiat they be wellapplyed thereanto. t Butthereare ſome which do thinke it nothing conuenient to mingle the Shrew with any other thing whatſocuer, but that'it iſ onely after thiſ manner to be applyedby it ſelfe aſ to take it burned or dricit, and then' to pound it in powdet, and ſo to ſprinkle it in the wound or ſore, which in very ſhort time will eaſily heale it, The Shrew falling intothe furrow of a Cart wheele doth preſently dye: the duſtthereofin the paſſage by which ſhe went being taken, and ſprinkled into the woundeſ which were made by her poyſonſome teeth,iſ a very excellent and preſent remedy for the curing of the ſame. Mazheo/uſ alledg— 20 cth out of Meazder,that the durt which cleaueth vato the Wheeleſ of a Charior being ſcraped offand ſprinkled into the biteſ o a Shrew, will be very medicinable for the hea— Activſ ling of them, which thing he bimſe]fe thinketh a meere fable, and not to beebeleened. If the pimpleſ or bladderſ which ariſe in the biteſ of a Shrew ſhall be thought conuenient to be broken, for the performing of the ſame, take theſkinne of a baked or roaſted Pom— granate, and ſpread it vpon the aforeſaid ted pimpleſ, aſ whov aſ poſſible may beſuſfered for ſlome ſimall time, and it will canſe the vicerſ tobreake, andallthe corruption to yſſue forth. I | & If it grow vnto an Impoſtume, take the litle berrieſ or pelletſ which arewithin the I***** Ponigranate, being very well baked, and apply them vnto the ſore ſome ſhort time, and o they will very eaſily cure the ſime. Muſtard—ſeede being mingled with Vireger, annoin— Acginerta ted vpon thebireſ of a Shew, doth very effecGtually heale them. A Moule being bruiſed in— to ſmall picceſ, and applyed vnto thebiteſ ofa Shrew in the forme of a plaiſter, iſ a very excellent remedy for the curing of them. Pitchand trifoly being baked, and rubbed verye whortevppon thebiteſ of a Shrewe, iſ accounteda very medicinable cure: butit iſ requiſite that thiſ fomentation be givenvnto none but ſuch aſare of a ſtronge and po»— werfull body, and are alſo able to endure paine. Theliquor of the Herb called Southern— wood being given in VWine to drinke doth very much profit thoſe which are troubled, and pained in their limbſ with the biteſ of Shreweſ. Wormwood being vſed in the like manner, will cure thoſe which are bitten by a Shrew. The genitall of a Lambe orKidde being mingled with foure dramſ of the Hearbe 49 called Ar//Zologiaor Hart—wort, and fixe dramſ of the ſweeteſt Myrrh, iſ very good and medicinable for curing of thoſe which are bitten or ſtung with Shreweſ, Scorpionſ, and ſuch like vnemouſ Beaſteſ. Theleaueſ of Colewortſ being dryed, mingled with flower, andtempered together, vntill they come into the form of a plaiſter, will very much help againſt the venemouſ biteſ of the Shrew. The ſcede of Coleworteſ, and the leaneſofthe ſame Hearbe being mingled with Vineger, and the Hearbe called A/#@ fierida beate Ryctymſ orpounded together, do very welland ſpeedily curethe biteſ ofthe Shreweſ, aſ alſo of arauenouſ Dogge, ifthe ſame in due time be applyed thereunto: Theliquoralſo of the leaneſ of Colewortſ being given in any kind of drinke, iſ good and wholſome for the cu— ring of the aforeſaid biteſ or woundeſ. The Nutſ of a young Cypreſ Tree being mixed Dieſcorideſ with a certaine ſirrep or potion made of Hony, Wiater, and Vineger, and afterwardeſ drunke, doth very ſpeedily procure eaſe and help for thoſe which are bitten by.a Shrew. Theroote of a white or blacke Thiſtle, being beaten or bruiſed and givenin drinke, dothvery effectually help or cure thoſe which are bitten by a Shrew. The like vertue hath the Hearbecalled Rocketin it, and alſo the ſeedethereof being giuen in any k(i]ndc of rinke, aeActiangſ Dioſcorideſ 54.0 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. rinke, Thegum or liquor which proceedeth from a kinde of Ferula being gitten in wine Acgencttt_to drink, doth very much helpe and curethoſe whichare bitten by a Shrew. The fime vertuealſo in it hath the rooteof thehearbe called Gentian or bitterwort, being ciyen in wine to drink. One or two dramſ of the yeongeſtor tendreſtleaueſ of the Laur}.llbtree being beaten ſmalland given in wine to drinke, doth ſpeedily cure the foreſ or woundc; Actinſ which are bitten by a Shrew: the ſame being alſo vſed in the ſaid manner, and gien in ſome certaime potion vnto—horſeſ to drinke, doth quickly help and heale them.But there areſome which before all other medicineſ doe coimmend thiſ for the beſt, and chiefeſt Adicennſ DA 5910 he the inicewhich proceedethfrom:the leaueſ of thelaurelltree,& thelcauc; to themſelueſ, being moiſtandnew growing and toboylethem in wine, and being once cooledto gine it to any which iſ bitenby a Shrew, and thiſ will in very thort ſpace alto. getherhelpe them. A yoonge Weaſell being given in wine to drmkc,is accountedver Pliny medicinableforthoſe which arebitten by a Shrew, or ſtung by a Scorpion, or any other venemouſ creature. The hearbe called Baltſamint or Coſtmary,the hearbe called Bar. Atmetta tram ,or wilde Pellito, the hearbe called Betonie, thehearbe called water—minte, or water Creſſeſ, cheſweete and deliciouſ gum called Storax, aſ alſo the bearbe called Veruinþbe— ing each of them ſeuerally by themiclueſ cither given in wine to drinke, or applyed in the manner of a plaiſter orannointed vpon thebitſ or woundſ which come by the venenouſ Aziceuna reechiof a Shrew, willvery etfectually .cire the paine thereof, Thebiting of a field mouſe or Shrew, iſ very troubleſome, and grietouſ to alllabouring beaſteſ, for inſtantly after her bitiogeſ there doelittle red pimpleſ ariſe, and there iſ moſt daunger of death in thoſe beaſteſ which ſhe biteth when ſhe iſ great with yonog, for the aforeſaid pimpleſ willthen preſently breake, after which the beaſtſo bitten willinſtantly die. The Shrew doth alſo kill Alberiuſ ſomelaboring beaſtſ withpoyſon,;aſ chiefly horſeſ & muleſ but eſpecially & for the moſt part mareſ, which are great with yong. Thereareſome which do affirme that if horſeſ,or any other laboring creature do feede in that paſture or graſſe in which a Shrew ſhall put forth her venome or poyſon in ,they will preſently die. In what place ſocuer a Shrew ſhall Abſtaſ _ bite in any creature itwillbe compaſſed with an exceeding hard ſwelling, the beaſt alſo being ſo bitten, doth expreſſe hiſ griefe or ſorrowwithmuch paine, & ſtraining hiſbody {othlikewiſe ſwellalloner, hiſ eyeſ doein a mannerweepe, the ſwelling in hiſ body doth ſquize out matter, orfilthy putreſa&ion; he voydeth poyſon out of hiſ belly, and doth vomite allſuſtenanceyp aſ fſoone aſ euer he receaucch it. If an Affe being great with yooug be bitten by thiſ beaſt, it iſ a very great chaunce if ſhe ſcape death. Butifthe!Shrewldocbite any beaſt when ſhec iſ great with yong it iſ knowen by theſe ſigneſ, ormarkſ, there will certaine red pimpleſ compaſſe the fore ronnd about,andalſo ſpread themſelueſ oucr all the body of the bitten beaſt, and will in ſhort ſpace deſtroy him,except there be procured ſome preſentremedy: The Normanſ in Fraunce doſup— poſe the Shrew to be a beaſt ſo fullof venome ,and poyſon, that if he ſhall but paſſe oucr cither an Oxe,or a horſe lying downealong vpon the ground, it will bring ſuch a dange— rouſ diſeaſe vpon them , that the beaſt ouer which ſhe ſhallpaſſe ſhall be Jame about the 4 loineſ,or ſhall ſeeme aſ if he were immoucable, and that he can be cured by no other meaneſ, butby the ſame Shrew , who cither of hiſ owneaccord, or by compulfion muſt paſſeoucr the contrary ſide of the beaſt, and that then he willbe cured,which thing I doe hold to be very vaine and notto be beleeued. For the curing of beaſteſ which arebitten by a Srew, thou ſhalt boile the ſeede of Parſly together with Wineand Oyle, and thou ſhalt cut the place which ſwelleth with a Pen—knife, by which the poyſon may iſſue forth, and the wound being pointingly pul— Hppocrateſ led or torne may waxe rawe: if by theſe the inflimmation doe waxe more feruent at hotte, thou ſhalt eate the fore with iron inſtrumentſ burning with fier, taking away fom® part of thatwhich iſ whole andſound :then ſhalt thou renew the wound with the ir0Þ 99 inſtrumentſ being gouerned rightly, by which the corruption may iſſue forth: but if that part doe chaunce to ſwell by the exulceration, thou ſhalt ſprinckle Barley bet" ing burned and dryed therein, but before you doe thiſ, it iſ meete to ioynethe olde fatte. *There aſ 0 v» & Hieyocleſ Vigetinſ Of the Shrew. | 541 'There iſalſo another excellent medicine for the curing of the Shrew, which Star#orienſ himſelfedoth much comimend,which ſ thiſ: to lance orſcarifie the wound aſſoone aſ it iſ bitten,buteſpecially if it be compaſſed with an inflamation,afterwardeſ to ſprinkleſaltand Vineger vp on it,then to encourage or prouoke the beaſteſ the next day following by ſome ſweet water or liquor to run or go ſomelitile iourny.firſt hauing anointed the ſore with ful— lerſ—earth being beaten ſimall and mixed with vineger, and then daily to 2ouriſh or bath it with water which commeth from batheſ where ſomehaue waſhed themſelueſ, and thiſ in __ very ſhort time being ſo vſed will very weland altogether cure the beaſt. Againſtthebi— Hievocteſ ting of a Shrew Garlike iſ accounted for an excellent remedy being mingled with Nitre, zobmſſſhucſhdwnoNkmmbdmhfflRſtMſhſikmdCmmmffiſhmnoctymdwm, them altogether into powder,&with the ſame to rub the placeſ which are infected with the biting "but if the venemouſ woundſ do chance to break,then to take barly being ſcorched or burned; and pound it into ſmall powder , and ſteepe itin vineger, and afcerwardeſ to ſprinkle it inco the wound :thiſ medicine Pe/agow affirmeth, will onely heale the biteſ of a Shrew, and that the griefe of theſore, by the vſe of any other medicineſ doth rather en— creaſethen decreaſe. The flower which iſ made of red Weat, the Hearbe called Dill, the liquor or Rozen Vogetinſ which runneth out of the great Cedar, and two pound of the beſt Wine being mingled altogether, given in a potion and poured downe the throate of any laboring beaſtwhich iſ 29 bitten by a Shrew, will preſently caſe and cure him of hiſ paine. There iſ alſo another potion for the curing of the biteſ of thiſ beaſt which iſ thiſ, to take cloueſ of Garlike being bruiſed ſmall, ſalt, Cumminſ and Wine, of each the like quantity, theſe be ing ginen to any beaſtto drinke, doth preſe ntly curehim ,,aſ alloany man being annointed vpon the wound, but not ginen to drinkyThe hearbe called Narde Epporrater or Pepper—wort being beaten to the quantity of two ounceſ and a halfe,and mingled with ſomeſweeteſmelling Wine, will preſently help any beaſt which iſ bitten by the Shrewe, being poured through hiſ Noſe, and hiſ ſore being at that inftant time annointed with Dogſ dung : the ſamt iſ alſo very medicinable or wholeſome for men whichare troubled with the ſaid biting. & 30 The biteſ of a Shrew being pricked withan Aule and annointed with duſt which iſ found in the furroweſ of Carteſ vnder the markeſor ſigneſ of the Wheele, being ming— ledwith ſharpe vineger, doth preſently aſſwage the paine, and heale the fore . The earth— ofthe tra of a Cart alſomingled with ſtale or vrine, being applyed vnto the biteſ of a Shrew, will very ſpeedily cure themeither vpon men or beaſteſ. A Shrewbeing new kil— led andrubbed ouer with ſalt, applyed vnto the woundſ which ſhe ſhal bite in any beaſtſ, willinſtantly cure them : thiſ vertue alſo hath the gallofa rere—mouſe or Bat, being mix— ed with vineger. Pling Thereiiſ a very good remedy againſt the bitingeſ of Shreweſ, orto preſerue Cattle fromthem , which iſ thiſ, to compaſſe the holewherein ſhelyeth round about, and get hir 4o Out a line, and keepe her ſo till ſhe dye, and waxeſtiffe, then hang her about the necke of the beaſt which you would preſerue, and there wil notany Shrew come neare them, and thiſ iſ accounted to bee moſt certaine. And thuſ much ſhall fuſffice concerning thebi— tingſ of the Shreweſ, and of the cureſthercof. Ddd OF > !\cct:x*ſſ DZMY MMW fa nluactoEciac o %Y@%WMWMM 542 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ISe 7 ſi,/ſiſſff/ff/ffl%' . — ! \'}ſiſiſſ/ctf Y/ſh J WidertcH} 7 fl D P ſix;lfſſ',l{li[([lct// / {| ((/(ſi//ſ Oiluuail ————> 8 OF WILDE FIELD—MICE. "The Epithitſ [En===3 t h, Hiſ wilde Mouſe called by the Latineſ Myſ agvreſtiſ, Muſ eairbiel » r——enid/|| Silueſiriſ, Syluationſ, Subteranenſ,andſome ſay Nitedula, their kindſ, _%ſ (althogh I rather take thatword to ſignifiea glare worm.) APNRS|| It'iſ called alſo Exigauſ Muſ, and Ruſticuſ. The Greecianſ <[ZLITLOIA|| cal it Myſ/ Arourayoſ ,the Germanſfield—mouſe, and erd— \ % mouſe , that iſ a mouſe of the earth, Nyalmwſſ; and Nuel— \ Z muſlſ, Sc horrmuſſ Schoermowſf, Stofſmuſſ, and Luckmuſſ, tnto. [7—DN! >ll by reaſon of her digging in the earth like a mole. The at @(, French call it My/lor# There iſ of theſe mice two kindſ, a —— ſ (D0) J| »reaterandaleſſer.The piture of the greater we hanede» ſcribed heare, forbearing the 1efler, becauſe inall parteſ it reſembleth chiſ, exceptin the ntity. Thii greater kind iſ not much leſſer then a Rat, hauing along broadtaile like it. The eareſ ofit are round. The head round and great, and the ſnout or chapſ do not ſtand out long. They are of two colourſ in bothkindſ,ſome red and ſome blacke. They havea beard betwixt their mouth and their eieſ, and the lefſer mice havue a ſhort raile. A Phyſitianta— king occaſion of the writingeſ of B4/Giaznſ Land#ſ to diſect one of theſe mice,found it to betrue which he ſaith ,that their maw and gutſlye al ſtraight and vpright. Wee haue ſhew— edalready, that allkind of mice are generated out of the earth;although alſo they ſuffer Whetker _copulation. And in Egyptit iſ very common about the Thebaijſ, and the placeſ where dred of he Myluſ ouerfloweth, that inthe decreaſe and falling away of the Waterſ, the ſunneen— eathoceſ ptÞ gendereth many mice vppon the ſlime of the earth, ſo that it iſ ordinary to ſee onetime Sehanr = their foreparieſ to hauc life, fleſh, and motion, and the hinder parteſ.deformed,andn> Pliny thing but earth, Andaboutthiſ matter there iſ ſome diſputation among the Authorſ, for there bee Theirſeneral t partſ. 26 38 F Phyloſopherſ which affirme, that euery creature aſ well perfect aſ vnperfed, may bee ., nadeboth by ſcedeand of putrified matter;and from hence came the opinion in the Por etſ, of the fonſ and daughterſ of the earth, and ſo they ſay, that thingſ grow by generatl© on in infinitum:Someſay that perfed creatureſ cannot be gcncrateſſa in thar manner, but the imperfed oneſ ſuch aſ mice are, may bee ingendered by feed and Putriſyed matteſy and afterwardſ beget more of hiſ owne kind. But Arſtotle conteſſeththe firſtgeneration, and denyeth the ſecond, and ſaiſh al } thovg Of the field— ML ice. . 543 though they do generate by copulation, yet it iſ not Zdew ſed animal ſpece dinerfam, 5 guo athilampliuſ gignipoſſit 5 And therefore Teronimuſ Gabucinuſ endcth thiſ controucriic, ſaying. Mureſ ex putredine nati, generant quidem & ipſi)ſed quod ex eiſ Generatur , net mouſ ,eft nec femina: nec ampliuſ generat,that iſ 5 Miceengendered of putrified matter do alſo engender,but that which iſ begotten of them iſ neither malenor female,ncither can it engender any more, that it may not proceed in Infinitum, like a mouſe engendered by She copulation. But concerning thebeginning of theſe wilde field—mice, and their encreaſe, dane bovit Ariſtotle ſpeaketh in thiſ manner : we haue receined (ſaith he) the wonderfull generation field—Mice of wilde fielde—mice, abounding in cuery place, and eſpecially in corne fieldſ , which by go their multitude, do inſtantly eat vp and devoure a great deale of graine, infomuch aſit hathbin ſeene, that diverſ poore huſhandmen, which haue determined to day, to reape their corne on the morrow , in the meane ſeaſon it waſ ſo deſtroyed by mice,that when the reaperſ came in the morning, they found no corneat all. Andaſ the encreaſe of theſe mice waſ extraordinary, ſoalſo waſ the deſtruGion, for men could not drive them away , aſ in former timeſ by ſinoking them, or elſe by turning inſwine to roote out their neſtſ from the earth, orby ſending Foxeſ,or wild—catſ among theny, but their multitude did al waieſ preuaile , and yet after a fewe dayeſ, the ſhowerſ ofthe cloudeſ deſtroyedthem. And P/igy ſaith, that thiſ ought to bee no meruaile, that thereſhould be ſo great a harmeſtand ſtore of theſe mice, ſecing that men yet nener knew | How to hinder their generation,or to kill them being engendered, and yet for al that they _— areſildome found in the winter time either aline or dead. And ſeeing thatwe hane entred into the mention ofthe damage oftheſe wilde field— mice,it iſ profitable toſetdown ſome ſtorieſ out of Authorſ, recording the place and perſonſ, whomethey haneverye much annoyed. Pliny writeth, aſ we haue ſhewed in our former diſcourſe, that the inhabitantſ of 770— aſ,were driven from their habitation by theſeficld—mice, becauſethey denoured al their fruitſ,& when they died therwaſ a worm engendred in their hedſ. Diodoreſ Siculyſ inhiſ fourth booke of auncient Monumentſ recordeth, that there were certaine people of 7#4— 1y, which by incurſion offielde—mice were driven to flight, and to forſake their patrimo— , te$ſ» for they deſtroyed the reoteſ of the corne, like ſome horrible drought, orſome 3" vnreſiſtable cold froft. Coſfa 2 Towne of V7mbria in the daieſ of Pliny, which at thiſ day iſ called Orbizrel/uſ, waſ deſtroyed by fielde—mice, (aſ "olatzeranuſ writeth. J Niphiſ allo ſaith, that hee ſawe in one night, all the Corne—fieldeſ at Calenenſ deftroyed by theſe mice. i There are ſuch a number of theſe mice in Spaine, that many timeſ their deſtrucion canſed peſtilent diſcaſeſ, and thiſ thing hapned amongſtthe Romaineſ when they were 5,,4; in Cantabriſ, for they were conſtrainedto hier men by ſtipendſ to kill the mice, andthoſe which did kill them, ſcarſe eſcaped with life. The inhabitantſ of Gyaruſ, an Iſland of the Cycladeſ, after they had long reſiſted the violence of theſe mice, yetat length they were 40 faine to yeeld vnto them , and forſake their cerritory3andthe mice after their departure, through hunger did gnaw the yron. Wee haue ſhewed already howthe P/A//Zineſ were puniſhed with mice, before they ſent away the Arke of the Lorde, and howe the Acolianſ and Troyanſ were annoyed with them, vntillthey had ſactificed to Apollo Sminthenſ, and how the mice of Heraclea, at the time of Grape—gathering,doe go out of the country and rewrneagaine in the Autumne. When Sapacharib,king of the Arabjanſ and Ecyptianſ, inuaded Eg9pz7, it iſ ſaid by Herodotuſ, that Valean in the night timeſent vppon hiſ armey ſuchan innumerable ſwarm of wilde— mice, that before morning they had eaten aſſunder their Quinerſ, Arroweſ, Boweſ, and all warlike inſtrmenteſ, ſo that the next day, for the want of weaponſ, and feare of their enemieſ, they were conſtrained to take their heeleſ 5o and run away. Andto conclude, by the ſame meaneſ the Calcidenſianſ were driven out OfElymnium ;a citty of the mountain A4theſ, and thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the harme of theſe mice. They make their dwellingſ and habitation in the earth, according to thiſ ſay— P}}flf_fl'* bo ſ ing of Pirgill » rSin ) I e o o tt Sape exignuaſ muſ Subterrapoſuit d, domoſ, ati, horria fecit. Ddd 2 Yet 544 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Yet now and then they come out of the earth, although it be but ſeldome They heauey hilleſ like Molſ, and they cate and deuourethe rooteſ of corne and Hearbeſ. They make not very deepcholeſ, but dig voder the turfeſ, and vpper face of the earth,{0 that when a man walketh vpon it he may perceiue it by the ſinking in of hiſ footeſtepſ: if the holebe openedwith a Spade, they eloſeit againe aſ a Mole doth, but not ſo ſpeedily, for they deferit two or three daiceſ together, and therefore if it be watched they may kill her athit returne by treading vpon her ; concerning the manner of taking them, theſe obſeruat. onſ following may be put in practiſe. , Pihiauſ: _Tbcſc kind of Mice are driven or chaſed away with the aſheſ of a Weaſell, or of a cat 1S wayotcicte. mingled with water, and by ſprinkling or ſcatteringſeede or corne abroade, or by ſome mice, thingſ wellſodden in Water : but the poyſoning of thoſe Mice iſ in the ſent or ſanor of Niwe bread : and therefore they thinke it more profitable to touch the ſeede or Corne lightly ""** . with the gallof an Oxe. Apulewſ doth affirme, that to ſoke the graine or corne in the gall Palladuſ OfanOxebefore youſprinkleitrabroad, iſvery good againſt theſe felde—mice : alſo (aſ it iſ read in Geopon Grac.yit doth very much commend the gallof Oxen,' wherewith aſ he ſaith, if the ſeed or corne be touched, they ſhal be freed from the moleſtation or trouble oftheſe field—mice. Notwithwanding in theDog—daieſ Hemlock—ſeede ith the hearbe Hellebor iſ better, or with wilde cucumber, or with Henne—bane, or being beaten with bitter Almongſ, and Bearſ—foot, and to mingle with themiiuſtaſ much meal! or corne,& beat and ſtamp them 3 in oile, and when'youhaue ſo done, put it into the hollow placeſ of theſe field—mice : and they wil dieaſſoone aſ cuer they ſhall taſt of it. Ar/eeſ doth affirme alſo, that Hen—bane— ſeededothkill theſekind of Mice,without the mixture of any other thing. Very many do ſtop the paſſageſ of them with thelcaueſ of Rodbdaphne, who do periſh in the time they are laboring to make their paſſage, by the gnawing ofthem. 5 !. Apuleiuſ alio ſaith, that the people of Bithymia haue had much experience oftheſethingeſ, who ſtoppedthe paſſageſ oftheſe mice withtheſe Rododaphne leaneſ , ſo that they defire to come forth by touching the ſame often with their teeth : which truely ſoſoone aſ they ſhal touch or conte ynto, they ſhal preſently dye. Butthey vſe a kind of incantationwhich _ iſ thiſ that followeth. Ido adiure all ye mice which do remaine or abide heare, that yee 39 do notoffer me wrong, or ſuffer me to bewronged of any other . For Idoafſigne andap— point you thiſ fielde, (then he nameth the fielde) in which if I ſhould ſupprize you herc— after,I cal ZAmp to witneſſe, Lwilteare euery one of youinto ſeuen pieceſ : when aſthou haſt write thiſ charme, binde paper faſt to the place wherein the Mice haunt, and that be— foretheriſing of the Sunne : ſo that the chareCterſ or markeſ may appeare on theout— ſide cleaning to a naturall ſtone of thatplace . Thaue written thiſ (ſaith the Author) leſt any thingſhould ſeeme to be ouerſkipped : neither doe I allow or prouc ſuchthingeſ can be done, but I rather counſellal men that they do not ſet their mind to any of theſe which are more worthy of deriſion then imitation. If thou ſhalt fillthe paſſageſ of theſe ruſticall . or field—mice with the aſheſ of an Oak, he ſhallbe poſſeſſed witha feruent defire to it, of: # Meareettaſ, E2 CUCBIS itand ſo ſhalldic. $ The med. . Theſe countrey Mice, that iſ to ſay thoſe Mice whicharefounde in the fieldeſ» being SV t bruiſed and burned to aſheſ, and mingled withfreſh honey , doeth comfort orreſtore the Scholidſieſ, ſightof the cieſ by diminiſhing the darkeneſſeor dimneſſe thereof, in what fielde focuce youſhallfindany thing, dig them vp by the rooteſ with a little ſtake or poſt. OF THE "WOOD—MOVIE: Liny doeth oftentimeſ make mention of thiſ woode—mouſe or rather 2 59 , 26 Mouſebelonging to the wood, but he doth itonely in medicineſ; but thatit o \gſſi% doth differ from thiſ country or field—mouſe we haue ſhewen in the Chap.S®" Soleftſſ ing before, becauſe it doth not habit or dwell in Countrieſ or tilled place» aſ the Countrey or field—mice doe, but doth inhabit in Woodeſ and forreſtſ. The wo0d" Mouſe iſ called in Greeke aſ the Countrey—mouſe : but I thinke itto beeakinde of ſg:}; m The deſcrip tion. 10 30 40 Of Mzce t : 545 mouſe, which proceedeth from the kind of wood—mouſe. Pliny tinely doth make the ſame remedy or medicineſ of a Dormouſe, aſ he doth of a Wood—mouſe, aſ I will alittle after rehearſe or recite vnto you . AlſoTſhould hane thought that a Sorex had bin the ſame, becauſe it iſ a wood—monſe,but that, that one place of Pliny did hinderme, where he commendeth the aſheſ of a Wood—mouſe to be very goodfor the clearencſſe of the cieſ,and by and by after did ſhew—or declare that the aſheſ of the Sorex were good alſo in the ſame vſe, aſ I willrecite or rehearſe below in the medicineſ or remedieſ ofthewood— mouſe. Agricola a man of greatlearning, doth interpret or indge the wood—monſe to bee that mouſe, to the which they do appoint the name deriued from Anc//z2ſ : buthee doth account that to be the Sorex, which Iwill thew ot declare beneath to be the Shrew.I do vnderitand that there are properly two kindſ of the wood— mouſe ſpoken of before. The one of them that which A/bertwſ doth write, ſaying that there iſ a certainkind of Mouſe which doth builde or make her habitation in treeſ, and of a browneorſwart colour, and having alſo black ſpotſ in her face,which onely iſ called by the vninerſalname of a wood— Moute.Of theſamebkind Pliny doth meane ,(if I bemot decemed)when he writeth,that the maſt of a beech—tree iſ very acceptable to Mice, and therefore they hane good ſucceſſe with their young oneſ. The other which iſ peculiarly named the Sorex ,whicſiſi(ſaith Pliny) doth{leep allthe winter time, and hath a raile fullot haire: whoſe ſhape or forme we pro— poſe and ſet euidently before you. Burthat I may more diſtinGly handle thoſe thingeſ which Pliny hathſhewed to vſ concerning the wood—Monſe, Lwill writeher downeſepe— rately ,,or by it ſelfe, and afterwardſ concerning the Mouſe which hath her name derivued from Filbordſ , which the Germanſ have leftin writing, and which I my ſelfe hane conſi— dered or obſerued, and laſt of all I wil write concerning the Sorex peculiarly and ſeueral— ly fromtheancient writerſ. | Theaſheſ of a wood—mouſe being mingled with hony ,doth cure al fracGureſ of boneſ, the braineſ alſo ſpread vpon a little peece of cloth, and conered with wooll iſ good alſo, The medi. but you muſt now and then ſpread it ouer the wound, arid it doth almoſt make it whole weo dſſſſf\g:ſiſſ and ftroug within the ſpace of three or foure daieſ : neither muſt you mingle the aſheſ p,, of the wood—mouſe with hony to late : hony alſo being mingled withthe atheſ of earth— wormeſ, doth draw forth broken boneſ. Alſo the fat of theſe beaſteſ, being purto kibeſ iſ very good, but if the vicerſ are corrupt and rotten,by adding wax to the former thingſ ' doth bring them to cicatriſing. The oyle of a burned Locuſtiſ alſo vety good, and alſo Adereelieſ the oile of a wood—mouſe with Hony , iſ aſ effectuall aſ the other. They ſay alſo that the headſandtaileſ of Mice mixed with the aſheſ of them and annointed with Hony, doth reſtore the clearenceſſe of the ſight, but more effeQually being mingled withthe aſheſ of a Dormonſe or a Wood—mouſe. * $* Of the Nut—Monſe, Haſell—Monſe,or Fildburd—Mouſe. w=5 Hiſ beaſt iſ a kind of Sorex, and may be that which the Germanſ tearme Eg, (2S) groſ haſelmnſ,a greatHaſell—moule,{o called becauſe they fccd vpon haſell— 29 Nutſ, and Filburdſ. The Flemingſ callit Eiln Slaperartthat iſ a ſiCCPfflg Rat | | andtherfore the French call it by the natne Ze/9r,wherebyalſo we hane ſhe'w.- edalready , they vnderſtand a Doxmouſe. Ddd 3 For Ofthename {þ, ſſſſ-ſſ < zpd kind, HA hlfl"fi-ſſi The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. For thiſ ſleepethlike that, and yetthe fleſh thereof iſ not good iſ to beeaten. Theco— Jour af thiſ Mouſe iſ reddelike the Haſell, and the quantity fullaſ great aſ a Squirrell, or aſ a great Rat : vpon the backe and ſideſ it iſmorelike a Mouſe, and vpon the head more red. Hiſ eareſ very great, and pilled without haire. The belly white,ſoalſo are hiſ legſ, "The neather moſt of hiſ taile towardſ the tip white. Hiſ Noſtrilſ and feetereddiſh. The taile wholy rough, but moſtat the end with white haireſ. | The eyeſ very great hanging out of hiſ head, and all blacke, ſo that there iſ not in them any appearance of white . The beard partly white, and pa r_tly l_:lackc, both aboue and beneath hiſ earſ, and about hiſ cieſ, and the vpper part of hiſ taile next hiſ body all blacke. Vpponhiſ forefecte hee hath foure claweſ or diſtindG toeſ, for hee wanteth a !© Thombe.. But vpon hiſ hinderfeete he hath fiue, I meane vpon each ſcuerally . The outſide ofhiſ hinder Leggeſ, from the bending to the tip of hiſ nailſ iſ altogether bald without haire . And theſauor of all thiſ kind iſ like the ſmell of the vulgar Mice . They line not onely in the earth, butalſo in treeſ which they climbe like Squirrilſ , and there— fore make prouiſion of Nutteſ and meate againſtthe Winter, which they lodge in the earth. The Countrymen findingin the Summer their caueſ and denſ, do wiſely forbeareto deſtroy them, knowing that they will bring into them the beſt Nutſ and Fill—berdſ can bee gotten, and thereforeat one ſide they ſticke vppe a certaine long rod, by direGi— on whereof intheWintertime they come and dig out the den , juſtly taking from them 39 both theit life and ſtore, becauſe they have vniuſtly gathred it together:Some hane eaten it, but they were deceined, taking it for the Dormouſe. OF_—THE_LASCITT MOVSE. <—Iaq] Hiſ Mouſe iſ called by the Germanſ Laſeit#ſ,and alſo Aurneball, becaule W3 of the ſimilitude it holdeth with the ErmelineWeeaſell. The Skinne of it iſ very pretiouſ, being ſhorter then the Ermeline two fingerſ breadth. Andfor aſ much aſclſe, there iſ no difference between the Z4/@irſ Mouſe * $20) and the Laſeit# Weaſell, except in the quantity. My opinion iſ that they are all one, and differ onely in age. And Iam rather led to affirme thuſ much, becauſe there are ſkinneſ,annually brought to the Mart of Frankford , out of Polonia (cald Laſeer#,) which are no other then the wea— ſelſ, of Agauo grodelſ, whoſe whiteſkinſ areintermized with grifſeld, and thuſ much ſhall ſuffice to haneſaid of thiſ Mouſe» OFwTHE50REX; (&) Amofopinion that thiſ kind of Mouſe belongeth to the Ha— 40 1 ſell Mouſe before ſpoken of, becanſeit iſ wilde, hath a hairy . pyþH | taile, andfleepeth in the Winter, all which thingſare by Pli— /? >| pyalcribed to the Sorex; onely thiſ hindereth, that he maketh 4 | the Sorex to hane rough hairy eareſ, and the Sorex of Germa— P) | ny hath bald careſ. For anſwer whereof thiſſhall ſuffice,that the other3.noteſ being ſo great & pregnant, there iſ no cauſe whythe want ofone and that ſo litle aſ the haireſ on the eareſ, fhould deprive it of hiſ naturalidue and kind. The Italianſ andſ the French vſe thiſ word Sorex; for a domeſticall vulgar Mouſe,andſo peraduenture did theancientſ beforethem ; butit iſ greater then the domeſticallmonſe, although Plinyeſ 50 Sorex be neither greater nor leffer. The Spaniardſ call a Sorex, Sorace,jor Ratow Pequen— no. The Illirianſ Viemegka My/ſ, by which word alſo they vnderſtand a Shrew—moufe. The fibreſ of the intralſ of thiſ Serex.doe encreaſe and decreaſe with the Moone, ſo thatthe — number of them do alwaieſ anſwer the number ofthe daieſ of her age. Her eareſ aſ we hane ſaid are full of haireſ , but in the loweſt part or tip thereof. The * reaſon AV. 2 weo =7 I9 20 30 40 ge Of the Sorex. 544 reaſon of her name iſ taken from the Skreeching voice ſhe maketh in gnawing. For it iſ a very harmefullbiting beaſt, cutting aſunder with her teeth like a ſawe. Some doe deriue the Greeke word from Hwraſ , which aunciently did ſiguifiea mouſe, and therefore they call thiſ Syr4x, and Sawrex, but I liſt not to ſtand any longer vppen the name, ſeeing the beaſtitfelfe affordeth little worthy matter to entreat of. Itiſ reported by Varro, that in Arcadiathere waſ a Hogge ſo fat, that a Sorex did eate into her fleſh, and made her neſt and brought forth young oneſ therein, which may very wellbe ; for ſuch iſ the nature of a fat Swine, that he will bardly riſeto eate hiſ mca'tc, of exſe himſelfe of hiſ excrementſ: And beſideſ, fatneſſe ſtoppeth ſence, burying botbthe . Nerueſ and Artericſ very deepe : ſo that in the body of a man, hiſ fatteſt part iſ leaſt ſen— ſible. Zyciniuſ the Emperor gging about to reſtraine the inſolency ofthe Eunuckeſ and Couttierſ, called them/rerſ, Soriceſ/@ palatineſ,that iſ motheſ and Sorexeſofthe court. There waſ an auncient garment (aſ P//py writeth) called /eſſſ ſariculata,and thiſ waſ very pretiouſ in my opinion,bccauſe it waſ garded or fringed with the Skinneſ ofthe S2— EZ#A/— 7ex. If thiſ beaſt fall into any Wine or Oyle, the corrupteththe ſame, and it iſ to bere— coucred by the ſame meaneſ, aſ we haue formerly deſcribed in the vulgar Mouſe. It ſhould ſeeme there waſ great ſtore of them in the daieſ of Heliogabainſ, for he comman— ded (aſ Zampridinuſ writeth) to be brought vnto him, not onely a thouſand of theſe beaſtſ, but alſo a thouſand Weaſelſ, and ten thouſand volgar Mice, aſ we haue ſhewed before in the ſtory of the vulgar Mouſe. When the South—ſayerſ were about their divinatiouſ, Pliny writeth, that if they heard the ſqueaking of a Sorex, they brake off, and gave oner their Iabour,holdingſt vn— profitable to goeany further therem, and it iſ alſo reported,that the voice of thiſ Mouſe, gane occaſion to Fabiuſ Maximmſ, to givne ouer hiſ Dictatorſhip, and vnto Cainſ Flamin— #itſ,to give ouer the Maſterſhip of the horſemen, ſuch feare of ſilly beaſteſ, waſ begot— ten in the mindſ of gallant and magnanimionuſ ſpiritſ, by the vnprofitable and fooliſh behauiour and doctrineſ of the Magitianſ. It iſ ſaid by NZgidinſ, that theſe Sozi/eſ doe ſleepe all the Winter & hide themſelueſ like the Dormouſe. They alſo when they cate any corne, doſcreetrchandmake a greater noiſe then other Mice, whereby they bewray themſelueſ in the darke vntothcir enemieſ, andare killed, which waſ the occaſion of that prouerbial ſpeech of Parmenſ in Terrence, Ego met meo indicio miſer , quaſi ſorex periſ . Saint Auſtine, and Saint Origine,doealſo make vſe of thiſ proucrbe, the one in hiſ booke of order, the other in a Homily vpon Geneſſſ, which canſed Er4/mm to write in thiſ manner, Sed videber ipſe meiſ indieyſ aptmſ ,that iſ, Thaucoucrthrowne my ſelfe with my owne tale. Theſe Soriceſ doe make hollow. the treeſ wherein Emetſ or Antſ breed , and there iſ perpetuall hatred betwixt the Bittorſ, and theſe, one lying in waite to deſtroy the otherſ yoong. ſ T he medicineſ of the Sorex. Serenuſ and Pliny,ſay that if a woman with child doe eatetheſinneweſ of a Sorex if her cieſ be blacke, ſo ſhall the infantſ belikewiſe 5 Sipragnanſ artuſ captiui Soriceſ edit Dicuntur fetuſ nigrantia Iumina fingi. » The fat of theſe beaſteſ or of Dormice iſ very ptofitable againſt the Paulſic. The powder of the headſ and taileſ, annointed withHony vppon the eieſ, reſtoreth the clcargncſſe: of ſight, and with hony aticke, the powderand fat of a Sorexburned, helpeth runving cieſ, and theſame powder mingled with oile, curethbuncheſin thefleſh. E Thereiſanother mouſe called by AMatheolaſ, Muſ Napelli, that iſ a Wolfe—baine— Crirlie biguſ mouſe : ſo called, becauſeit feedeth vpon ithe rootſ ofthat Hearbe, although there bee called muſ ſomeof opinion, that it iſ nota creature, but another littleHearbe growing neare vnto it Napelit. foracounter poyſon. And Marcelluſ alſo maketh mention of Napelluſ, and Antinapelinſ, whereuntoIſhould eaſily condeſcend, but that the eye—ſight of Maztheoluſ leadethme to the contrary. Fc))r 16 o e a ia the 54.8 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. he writeth that he tooke one ofthem in thetop of a high mountaine in I't a 1 x—And gy. #aticuſ calleththiſ mouſe, Mwſ Swuring, or Sicſinxſ, and callethit a counter poyſon to Wolfe—bane, and that Godmightſhew thuſ much vnto men, he canſeth it to line vpon the rooteſ, in teſtimony of hiſ naturall vertue, deſtroying poyſon and venimouſ heark;, THE INDIAN MOVSE, AND DIVERS. other kindſ of mice, according to their Countrieſ. 10 ?7% Do finde that diverſ timeſ micedo take their nameſ fromre— J gionſ whercin they echabite, which happeneth two maner of *® waieſ : one, becauſe the forme of their bodieſ will ſomewhat vary—: the other, becauſe not onely in ſhape, but alſo in witte they haue ſome thingeſ in them common to mice, ouer and aboue the miceof our countreieſ, therefore we will breefely comprehendaltheir ſurnameſ of whatſocuer regionſ they are in one order or Alphabet. In the Oriental partſ of the worlde, t therearegreat mice, (aſ A 1 : x a n o: x writeth)of the quan— tity of Foxeſ who do harme both menand beaſtſ, and although they cannot by theirbi— ting kilany man, yet do they much grieueand moleſt them. 5 Americxſ Y eſpuciuſ writeth;thathe found in an yſland of the ſea being diſtant from /liſ— 4 oveiren Z!:f:ſi(lia;?g?ſandIeagucs)vcr)l/ greatmice. The haire of the A £ ſ vÞ 11 an miceiſ verye ine. ard, and for the moſtpart like a Hed gchoggeſ : and there arealſo ſome which walk bolt ®_ vpnght_vpon twofect, for they haue thehinder legſ longer, andtheir fore leggeſ ſhor teſ, their procreation iſ alſo manifold ; and they do likewiſe ſit vpon their butrockeſ, and they vſe their forefeet aſ handſ.But Zerodornſ affirmeth theſe mice to beof A rrraICE®, andnot of A : 0 xetzamongſtthe Arrrircax or C arataaſc : x \ANpaſiurcs(ſaith heyin A reantcx :® towardſ the Orient,ctherearethree kindſ of mice, ofthe which ſome are called S/pedal/or Two—footed, fome in the C art a a a rnt a nlanguage Zef2c0r/ Cyrencan which iſ aſ much in our ]anguagc aſ hilſ, ſome Hedg—hoggeſ, a mmice, Therearemore kindſ of mice in the C vxr®»arc a x ?cſigion : ſome which have broad forcheadſ, ſome ſharpe, ſome which have pricking haire in the manner of Hedge—hogſ— Pliny, Itiſreported that in C Y a 8 nſ thereare diverſ kindſ of mice both in colour and ſhape» and thatſome of them hane aſ broad a countenance aſ a Car ; ſome haue ſharpe briſtleſ, ':md beare the f(_) rme and countenance of a viper, which the inhabitantſ call Echene#2,bUt improperly,aſit appeareth by the wordſ of Ari/ferle in hiſ bookc of wondetſ. Mice of the Raſt Herodo— Of the Indian Mice. 550 Heredotuſ alſo affirmeth thelike of thoſe Mice, to be in ſhape and colour like Vi— perſ : but Pliny and Arifforle doe both diſallow it, and ſay that in thoſe inice there : lj;}nolthing common to viperſ, but onely to hedge—hoggeſ.aſ concerning their ſharpe riſtleſ. There arealſoſome Mice in Egypt whichdoe violently ruſh vpon paſtureſ and corne: of whichthingſ AcV/anmſ ſpeaketh, ſaying in thiſ manner;when it beginneth firſt to raine in Egypt, the Mice are wont to be borne in very ſmall bubbleſ, which wandring far and | neare through all the fieldeſ doe affect the corne with great calumitie, by gnawing and cutting a ſunder with their teeth the bladeſ thereof, and waſting the heapeſ of that which #e iſ made in bundleſ, doe bring great paineſand buſineſſe vnto the Egyprianſ: by which it comeſ to paſſe,thar they endevor all maner of waieſ to make ſuareſ for them,by ſetting © of Mice—trapeſ, andto repell them from their incloſureſ, and by ditcheſ, and burning fireſ to drive them quite away : but the Mice aſ they willnot come vnto the trapſ, for aſ much aſ they are apt to leape,they both goec oucr the hedgeſ ,and leape oner the ditcheſ. But the Egyprianſ being fruſtrated of allhope by their laboutſ, all ſubtill inuentionſ and pollicieſ being left aſ it were of noefficacie, they betake themſelueſ humbly to pray to their Godſto remoouethat calamitie from them. Whereat the Mice by ſome feare oat : of a divineanger, euenaaſ it were inbattellaray of obſeruing a <{quadron order, doe de— ctſiſſxſi,ſſ;;ct,fifi part into a certainemonntaine : The leaſt of all theſe in age doe ſtand in the firſt order, Mice— 20 butthegreateſtand eldeſt doeleadthclaſttroupeſ, compelling thoſe which are weary tofollowthem. f But if in their fourney the leaſtor yoongeſt do chaunce throughtrauaile to waxe wea— ty , allthoſe which follow (aſ the manner iſ in warſ) declikewiſe ſtand ſtill, and when the firſt begin to goeforward,the reſt doe continually follow them. It iſ alſo reported that the Mice which inhabite the Sea doe obſerue the ſame order and cuſtome. The AfricaneMice doe vſually dieaſ ſoone aſ euer they take any drinke: butthiſ iſ commonly proper vatoallmice, (aſ Epheſ#wſ affirmethy where it iſ written, aboue con— cercerning the poyſoning of mice. Mice, (but eſpecially thoſe of Affricke) hauing their X?Fdiciflcſſ , Skinneſ pulled off, boyled with oyle and ſait, and then taken in meate,doth very effectually * t cure thoſe which are troubled with any paineſ or diſcaſeſ in the lungeſ or lightſ. The ſame — dothalſo eaſily helpe thoſe which are moleſted with corrupr and bloody ſpettingſ with retchingſ. Th% kindeſ of Affricanmice arediverſ, ſomeare two footed, ſome hane haire like Pliny vnto hedge—hoggeſ,ſomefaceſ of the breadthof a Weaſell— but ſome call theſe mice Cirenacianſome Egyptian, aſ I hauebetore declared. In Arabia there are certaine mice 'Iſihc Arabian much bigger then Dormice, whoſe former leggeſ are of the quantitie of a hand breadth, "*'**** and the hinder of the quantitie of the ioynt to the ende of the finger : I doe vnderſtand them to be ſoſhort,that nothing thereof may ſeeme to appeare without the body except theſpace of the ioyntſ of the finger , aſ it iſ in Adartinetſ. o Itiſ ſaid tharthe garmentſ of the Armenianſ are vſually wouen with mice which are The arme— bred in the ſame countrey, or dinerſly docked with the ſhape of theſame creature, 'The *#**M"— Author writeth, that Plizy makethmention of the Armenian mouſe, but Thive reade no ſuchthing : therefore he doth perchaunce take the Armenian mouſe for the Shrew. In Cappadecia there iſ a kindc of mouſe which fome call a Squirrell. Ac/a2z0ſ writing of yrime 6,.. the Caſpian mice, Arymzaſ(faith he) in hiſ booke entituled De an/fonibuſ, which 'hc ſpianmouſe, doth ſo inſcribe, ſaith thatin Caſp#4, there doe come an infinite multirude of mice,which without any feare doe ſwim in the floudſ, which haue great and violent currenteſ, and holding one another by their taileſ in their moutheſ(aſ it iſ likewiſe reported of Wolueſ) haue a ſure and ſtable paſſage oucr the water. REd go . Butwhen they paſſe oucr any tillage ofthe earth they fellthe corne, and climing vp —. into treeſ, doe eate the fruite thereof, and breake the bougheſ : which when the Caſpianſ cannotreſiſt,they doeby thiſ meaneſ endenour to reſtraine their turbulent incurſionſ, forthey remooue all thingſ which may hurt birdſ hauing crooked talentſ, who come pre— ſently ſo flying inſuch great flockeſ,or companieſ, that they may ſeeme to be cloudſ to expell the mice ffomtheir borderſ, and by a proper gift incident vnto them by natuscſſ doe Actianuſ P o 0 ſ t — 4-\*—- nenamn 551 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. " do drive away hungerfrom the Caſpianſ, neither in quantity are theſe Mice inferior to tthgypcjm Ichneumonſ :they ate alſo vngentle, and they doe no leſſe devoutre with the ſtrength of their teeth then the Mice of Tereden in Babilon do iron, whoſe ſoft ſkinſ the Marchantſ carry to the Perſiaſiſſ, The Indian monſe, or Phayaeſ monſe, (aſ ſomelearned later writerſ doe write) iſ no other then thc Ychneumon . Antoniuſ muſa Braſauoluſ, tooke the before expreſſedfigure of an Indian mouſe, (for ſo he did calit y which before that time waſ ſhewn by Bellopemſ , and I geſſed it to bean Zchnewmon 5 and truely in theſnout (if youtakeaway the beard)y and in the eareſ it dothagree , but in the taile it doth differ,which doth rather reſemble a catſ: and in many other thingſ, which by conferring them areeaſic to be marked, and aſ Iconceined it, I haue ſet it downe. Of the Moſchatte , or Muſ—kat. Hiſ beaſtſ name iſ derined from the hebrew word 29/ew,which y ſignifiethſweete odoutr, for the Germanſ call the ſame 3i/em;& 2Z4 the beaſt it ſelfe 3i/emrhier . And the Grzecianſ detine their Moſ. c chaſ of Mae,and oz0, toſeeke, and to ſmell, and of Meſon Cheiſthai, to proceed out of their middle 5becauſe thetrue liquor commethout of the nauel, aſ we ſhal ſhew. : but I rather think they derive it from the Arabian wordſ Me/ſe@b,land Miſch, and Almiſch. The Italianſ, French, and Spaniardſ vſe Muſei, and Muſchi, which iſ derined from the later Latinſ 5 and beſide the Italianſ cal it Capriolo del M#uſco,& the Erench e Chenrenl dumuſth,the muſk —— we it ſelfe iſ called in Italy My/. chio, of the Latine Muſchum, and My/eſtum : the Illirianſ Pizmo,andthe Germanſ 3i. ſſY Jem. The Arabianſ were the firſtthat wroteany diſcoucry \\ 'ſſ" ought notſeem ſtrange that all the Greecianſ and Latinſ deriue the name from tliem. Andalthough there bee an vareconcileable difference amongſt writerſ about thiſ matter, yet iſ it certaine that they come neereſt vnto the truth that makeit akinde of Roe: for the figute, colour ſtature, and horneſ, ſeeme — 5t _—==/f/ Pilt except the teethwhich are } Sroeiifir— 3 B like a dogſ, wherof 2 tt auua Saom...__ Herbeſreſe— bling muſke, The Hiſtory of Fourefooted Beaſtſ. | part of the muſke. It iſ alſo adulterated in the ſkin by putting peeceſ of the Skin into it; and it may be knownefrom the true muſke, becauſe it will waigh twiceſo heauy . The Savazenſ vſe thiſ ſhiſt aboue allotherſ, and there iſ one principallway of making coun. terfet muſke, which iſ thiſ, they take Nutmegſ, Mace, Cinamon, Cloueſ, Gilliflowerſ, and Spikenard, of cuery one a handfull, all theſe being beate diligently together, and dryedand ifted, they are mingled with the warme bloud of a Doue, and afterwardſ dri ed in the Sunne, then are they ſeauen timeſ ſprinklcd oucr,or moyſtcncd,with the Wa— rer of muſke—Roaſeſ, and betwixt euery ſprinkling they are dryed ; Atlength they min— gle therewithalla third or fourch part oftrue nuſk, and thenſprinkle it ouer againe with Muſke—roſe—water, ſo deuideit into three or foure lumpſ, and take the white haireſ from to vnder the taile of a Roe or Kid, and ſo put it in a veſſell of glaſſe. Benyuine, white—waxe taken out of a new Hine of Beeſ , the rotten part of Eue—tree, and a littie Muſke, aremingledaltogether to make a counterfeit Amber, for it willſmell like cinet, or niuſke, or elſe S#H/rax, and the powder of Lygnum—aloeſ with Civet, and Roſe water, but the fraud inone & other iſ eaſily deprehended,for both the odor and the colourare different from the true Amber, and alſo it will ſooner wax ſoft in water, then that which iſ naturall. Somedo corruprt their Muſke with the ſeedeof Angelica, or rather with theroote ofit, becauſe the roote ſmelleth ſweete like Muſk, but the coſinage may be eaſily diſco. uered, by putting it into water. Fot the Angelica will ſinke, and the Muſke will ſwimme. 2 "Thetrue Muſke iſ ſold for forty ſhillingſan ounceat the leaſt. It iſ alſo obſerued by 4— polduſ Villanowanuſ, that inthe preſence of Aſſafeetida or Caſtoreum, the beſt muſke will haue a horrible and intollerable ſauour, although they touch not one another which can— pot be aſcribed to any knowne reaſon, but to ſomeſecret innature. The ſweeteneſſe of the Arabian muſke iſ deſcribed by A/ciazaſ in thiſ verſe ; Etcelebriſ ſuani, eſt vnguine muſcuſ Aralbſo There be diuerſ Hearbſ which ſinell ſweete like muſke, aſ Angelica, Dorſiſ, Muſke—Gili— flowerſ, Muſke—Grapeſ,the leaueſ of a winter Cherry, and an Hearbe growing neare 35 Baſill without a name , like wilde Parſley, the Damaſine—roſe, and mary other; Wilde catſ and Martinſ doalſo render an excrement much like muſke, and there are Hareſ called Moſchie, which leaue ſuch an intolerableſimell in the impreſſion oftheir footeſteppeſ, thatthe Doggeſ by touching them growe madde, aſ wee haue ſhewed in the ftory ofthe Hare: And thuſ much for the deſcription of thiſ beaſt, nowfolloweth the medi= cineſ. T he medicineſ of the Muſke—cat. 0 A very littlepart or quantity of a Muſke—cat iſ of great vertue and efficacy ; where— t foreitiſ very ſparingly vſed in medicineſ or potionſ, neither iſ there any |part thereof beaten or bruiſed aſ it iſ of all other beaſtſ, but it iſ melted and diſſolued in water which proceedethfrom the ſweeteſt Roſeſ. It iſ alſo a beaſt which iſ very hotand dry, but 1#: thermord dry then hot, yet notwithſtanding the ſame hiſ heate iſ aſſwaged and allayed by no other thing but onely the Gum called Camphire, and hiſ drineſſe iſ onely moyſt— ned or mollified with Oyleſ ard very ſweet, aſ oile of violetſ, and oile of Roſeſ. Among ſweete ſmelſ and ſauourſ the principalleſt and chiefeſtlaude and commendation iſ Attti— buted vato the ſimell which proceedeth from the muſke cat :For he doth not onely wit hiſ odoriferouſ and delightfullſauour pleaſe and content the ſcent of men, butalſo doth 59 ſrengthen the ſpiritſ, and all the parteſ of manſ body, yea and that in amoment,for the ſlenderneſſe of hiſ parteſ, whichalthough it doth forthwith penetrate or enter into che ſcent of man, yet doth it endurelonger, and iſ not ſo ſpeedily or quicklie diſſolued aſ the ſcentor ſauour of any other ſweete ſmell whatſocuer , A Of the Muſke—kat. 555 A muſk—catand the hearb called Mercurieſ—fingerſ or Doggeſ—bane,being gitien in purging medicineſ to drinke, do greatly renew and refreſh the decayed ſtrength or force of thoſe which haue beene before timeſ weakened with diuerſ and continual medicineſ in theirm:berſ.The ſame iſalſo very profitable for thoſe which are effeminate or defectine, and ecclipſed in their mind or courage, aſ alſo for thoſe which are weak and feeble intheir joyntſ, not by any hurt, or any other caſuallity being enfeebled,but being alwaieſ ſocuen from their childhood.A muſk—cat iſ an ex cellet reimedy for thoſe which are troubled with $F##*# feare in their hart, and alſo for thoſe which doquiuer or ſhake either for fear or any other thing throughout all the partſ of their body. The ſame iſ a very profitable and medici— nable cure for thoſe which are grieued with any ach or paine in their head or with any en— 39 ormity or trouble in their liner,and iſ alſo being given ſimply by itſelfe, without any thing mixed in it or compounded in wine,iſ very good and wholſome for the healing and curing of thoſe who hane any paine or gricfe in their ſtomacke, which commeth by the occaſion ofany cold. A muſke—cattebeing put vato the body of any man in the forme or manner of a plaiſter, doth confirme and make ſtrong bothhiſ hart, and all the reſt of hiſ bowelſ, or in— D/eſeerideſ terior partſ : it doth moreouer encreaſe both ſtrength and power in all hiſ memberſ, yea and in the very boneſ, the efficacy thereof iſ of ſuch power and vertue. The ſame being layed or annointed vpon the head ,iſ very effectual for the expelling or driving away of the rheume whichfalleth from the head into the noſtrilſ,and by that meanſ procureth heaui— 20 neſſe in theſame,and for the amending and curing ofthe ſwimmming dizzineſ or giddineſ inthe head through the aboundant humorſ which remaineand ſtay therein , and alſo for . the bridling and reftraining of luſtand venery. Theſame being vſed in the aforeſaid manner dothtemperate and confirme the brainſ ofany man, beſideſ it eaſeth and helpeththoſe which have paine about their heart, by the —which they ſuppoſe their very heart to ake. Theſmell of thiſ beaſt iſ both profitable and hurtfull, for vato thoſe which arecold of conſtitution,cthe ſcent iſ very pleaſant in regard , 2 that iſ it hot of it ſelfe, and iſ vety delightfull in their ſauorſ : but voto thoſe which are hot ofnatureit iſ very noiſome, in regard that the heatand ſtrong ſcent therof onercommeth their ſenceſ, and oftentimeſ cauſeth their headſ to ake, and be full of paine, and doth al— Raſiy alſo ſtir vp in them that, peſtiferouſ diſeaſe called the falling ſickneſſe : but vato women whichare of a hot or fiery conſtitution itiſ more hurful &noiſome,forit breedeth in them a very peſtiferouſ diſeaſe which choketh their matrice or wombe, & canſeth them often— timeſ to ſwound, it iſ called by ſome the mother. The ſneezingſ of a muſke—cat iſ anex— Praſavaleſ cellentremedy againſt the reſolution of the ſinneweſ or the palſie. A muſke—cat iſ very good& wholſome for the helping and curing of thoſe which are troubled with any deafe— neſſe or aſtoniſhment in any part of their bodieſ, aſ alſo for the driving away of melan— cholicke and ſorrowfull paſſionſ out of menſ mindeſ, and for the incitating delightfull myrthand pleaſure in them. . A muſk—cat being mixed and mingled with dry plaiſterſ which are vſed for the healing 4? ofthe cieſ, iaan excellent remedy for the expelling and driving away of the white ſkinne which doth vſually couer the ſight, and for the drying vp of moiſtrheumeſ and humorſ which in the night time do fall from the braineſ and; the head, and by thatmeaneſ doth much hurt and damage the fight of the ciceſ, aſ alſo for the clarifieng and healing vp of a — ny paineor diſeaſe thercin. A muſke—catr iſ an excellentremedy for thoſe which haue a deſire to vomitand can— not, it dothalſo renewe an appetite or ſtomacke in thoſe vntill their vietualſ which doe loath and abſtaine from all ſuſtenance, and doth looſen and diſſolue all thicke puſflingeſ or windineſſe in the interior partſ or memberſ of any one, A muſke—catte being mingled with a caunſticke medicine , iſ very profitable and P/azerriuſ 50 wholſome for the bringing forth of thoſe Womenſ menſeſ or fluxeſ which are ſtopped, andalſo for mouing conception in thole women which are hindered in it by the occaſipn of ſome great cold. Sioit>" ., Ifidoruſ Aucenna Eec 2 AA 556 IT he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. A medicine or ſuppofitary being made of ambergryſe, and mingled with a ſweet gumme comming out of S77ia called S#yrax, and then mixed both together witha muſke—cat and | ſo beaten, vntill they come vnto a certaineſalue, and layed vnto theſecret partſ of a wo. edAricenna 'man iſ very good for theaforeſaide diſeaſe. There iſ a certaine iuyce or moiſtneſſeina muſk cat which being preſſed forth or diſſolued, and mixed withthe Oyle called Palma Cohriſty , and annointed vpon the yard of any man, doth ſtir him vp to luſtand venery. If the leaſt part of a muſk—cat be eaten by any one which iſ troubled with a ſtinking breath it will preſently expelland take away the ſtink thereof. And thuſ muchſhalſoffice concer— ning the cureſ and medicineſ of the muſk— cat. OF THE MNVL E. He Mule iſ a beaſt, called by the Hebreweſ Pered, from All whence comeſ the feminine Pirdah 3.of King r.and there be ſome that ſay the reaſon of the Hebrew word iſ, from the ſeperation and ſterility of thiſ beaſt,for it iſ Pered.quiſ non pareat . The Chaldey word iſ Cadama, the Arabian : Beal,but Gen.36.for the Hebrew word Zemiz, many tranſ— 25 late Muleſ. The Arabianſ Kegal, but the Grzzcian Sep— tuagintſ Hem/onowſ. The Greecianſ alſo call a Mule Aſrſ. be, tromthe ſtrength ofhiſ body. The Latineſ cala Mule || auluſ, and Semiaſinuſ, that iſ halfe an Afſe, becauſe on the one ſide he iſ a Hoile,aud on the other ſide an Aſſe, and therefore in hiſ condicionſ he more reſembleth an Aſſe then a Horſe, whereuponly eth thiſ tale. A certaine Lydiar Muleſecing hiſ Image in the water, grew to be afraid of the greatneſſe thereof, andther— vpontooke hiſ heeleſ and ran away aſ faſtaſ he could; neither could he be ſtayed by althe Plutarh _Wit of biſ keeperſ: At lengch the mule remembring that he waſ the ſon of an Aſſe,hc ſtaied hiſ courſe and came backeagainencighing. The Italianſ call a mule AG#/a, and the female ,5 Mulſa like the Latineſ, and the Spaniardſ. The Ereach w/eſ, and the female Mwe, from whence commeth the Engliſh word Mule. The Germanſ yeylzbire, or rowle/el. The Illiri— — a anſ meſeck, and the Flemingſ rul. Efſiffif kindſ — There iſ another kind of muleſ in $y7ia, diverſ from thoſe which are procreated by the CS+ ſ + 5 P o1— , copulation of a mareand an affe,& they receine their nameſ fro the ſimilitudeof their fa— ceſ.For there iſ no other cauſe, why wilde Aſſeſ ſhoulde be called Aſſeſ , but onely theit ſimilitude of tame Aſſeſ. And aſ among wilde Aſſeſ ſome of them are ſiogularly ſwift, ſo alſoamong theſe Syrian muleſ, there are ſome excellent ſpeedy courſerſ. Theſemuleſ procreate in their ownekinde, and admit no mixture, which Ariſforle proued by nine of them which were brought into P//ygia, in the daieſ of Pharmacaſ, the father of pharnabu— 49 Pling. 24 Theophraſtruſ alſo reporteth, that in Cappadecia, the muleſ engender among themſeluſ, which Ariſtotlexremembreth in hiſ wonderſ, and hee might well hane ſpared it, for they eAchanuſſ are akind of cattelamong themſelueſ.There be flockſ of Affeſ and mareſ in India where themareſ do willingly admitthe Aeſ in copulation, and bring forth red muleſ, the beſt of all other for running. b Phowenſ: Butamong the Indian Phyllianſ, their Aſſeſ, muleſ, Oxen,; and Horſeſ, are no big— doie gener2— ger then Ramſ.Aſ the mule iſ begotten betwixt an Aſſe and a mare, ſo the Burdow iſ be— donſ, gortenbetwixt a Horſe, and a ſhee—Aſſe, wherefore the Italianſ call him Mylp Baſtardſ, ;fl:fc Panct that iſ, a baſtardmule. Eor aſ the mule, more reſembleth the Aſſe then the horſe, ſo the golou, . Burdon more reſembleth the horſe then the Aſſt, the reaſon iſ, becauſe all kindſ followe 59 the father. The mule hath ſome partſ proper to the Aſſe, aſ long eareſ , a terrible voyce croſſe vpon the ſhoutderſ, ſmall feet, a leane body , and in alother thingſ it reſermabletha horſe. Thelength of their eareſ ſerueth inſteed of their foretop,cheir colour iſ ſomewbat browne, but it varieth, for the Roman Cardinalſ haue muleſ of an aſh—colour , and thoſe very great oneſ with long taileſ. ® They The ſeuerall nNameſ, — ſiſſſi/./—U////z//\p — SWWWW ey Shouuc — \n\\\ſſ\\ſiſi e ( / ,"' [f]!" ff, Z ſſ//ctſſ/ff//ff/////ff/[/ffl\ / \ 3 ſſ/(( T \\\\ 7 (( \\ \Tſſſi,ſſſiſiſfſſ()/? 8 \ſi 558 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. They change their teeth and haue in number ſixe and thirty, their Ne chkeiſlikethe Neck of an Aſſeſ, long, but not ſtanding vpright, their bellieſ fimple and of one quantity. They want a gall like all foure—footed—beaſteſ, and there iſ 2 thing in their heart like abone, aſ Theſoode "C—RU8 ſhewed before in the ſtory of the Aſſe. ſ Thefeo 4 _"They cateſuch food aſ Horſſeſ, and Aſſeſ do, but they grow fat by drinking, yet they drinke not like a Horſeby thruſting in their Noſeſ into the water, but onely touch it with Mraldeſ their lipſ. Dieſcorideſ They loue Cucumberſ aboucall other meateſ, but the flowerſ and leaueſ of Rododa. Thelenghref PPAC YE POyſon to Muleſ and Aſſeſ, and to many foure—footed. beaſteſ. Beth a Mule to helenght© 3 t & ; a Muleſ life. and a horſe grow from the firſt comming forth oftheir teeth, (by which their age iſ dif cerned)yand after alltheir teethare come forth, it iſ hard toknow their age. The femaleſ inthiſ kind are greater, more linely, and live longer then the maleſ. It hath beene found that they haue lived to foureſcore yeareſ ofage. Suchaone waſ preſented at Arhenſ, at what time Pericleſ builded the Temple of Mizer»a, where by reaſon of hiſ age,he waſ dif— miſſed from all labour, yet afterwardeſ he would not ſorſake hiſ companionſ, but went with them, exhorting them with neighing to vndergoe the labour cheerefully ; Where— vpon there waſ a publike decree, that the ſaide Mule ſhould have an ordinary of pro— Ariſtorle vender appointed him in Prjztaninm, and that no body ſhould drive him away from their Actauſ _Corne when he cate it, although it were in the Market place. Lhiſ aoanſ Wee haue ſhewedalready that thiſ Beaſt iſ engendered betwixt an Aſſe a Mare, and 10 to ormaleſ , therefore if a man would create vnto himſelfe a notable breede of Muleſ, he muſtlooke to the choycce both of hiſ Male and Female . Fitſt of all for the ſFmalc, thatſhee be of a The ceciio, S!CAtDody ,of found boneſ, and of ſingular good ſhape, wherein he muſtnot ſo much of a Mare to Expe& her veloſity or aptneſſe to runne, aſ her ſtrength to endure labour, and eſpecial— beare Muleſ. ly to beare in her wombe a diſcordant Foalc, begorten by an Aſſe, and to confer vpon it both the propertieſ of hiſ bodie, and the diſpoſition. For waen Mareſ do vnwillingly receinuethe genitallſeede of the Aſſe, the Fole dothnot grow to perfection in the Mareſ t belly, vntilliſhe hane borneit thirteene montheſ, whereby it reſembleth moretheſlug— E19 giſh and dulnature of hiſ father,then the vigor ofhiſ mother. But for the helping of their copulation, they pull certainchaireſ out of the taile of thefemale, and afterwardeſ binde 30 them together therewith. The choice Thereiſno leſſer regarde tobe had of the Stallion, leſt the want of indgmentin the efamale. choyce of bim do fruſtrate the experiment; Seeing therefore they are engenderedbe— twixt a Mare and an Aſfe, or betwixt a Marc and a wilde—Aſſe, and the Mule, begorten betwixt the wilde Aſſe and the Mare doth excell all otherſ, both for ſwiftneſſe of courſe, hardneſſe of foote, and generofity of ſtomack : yet iſ the tame Aſſe better for thiſ breed then the wilde Aſſe,for he will be more beautifullin outward forme, and more tradable in diſpoſition ; Aud the Muleſ engendered by wilde— Afſeſ, may be compared to theſeſ yet can they nevuer be ſo tamed but they retaine ſome qualitieſ oftheir Wilde—Father; Andtherefore a Mulebegottenbetwixt them ( I mreane betwixt a wilde male Affe and a # tamefemale Aſle) arefitter for Nepheweſ then for ſonneſ ; that iſ, their Foaleſ may be— get good Muleſ , and ſuch aſ are tamable andtraQable, becauſe deſcent breaketh the corruption of nature, butthemſelueſ do never proue profitable. And therefore it iſ moſtcommodiouſ and neceſſary to gett ſuch a Stalion Afſeto the procreation of Muleſ, whoſe kinde by experiment iſ excellent, and outward parteſ euery way acceptable, ſuch aſ theſeare; a long and great body , a ſtronge Necke, ſtronge and broade ribſ , a wide breaſt full of muſcleſ, loineſ full of finneweſ, ſtronge compacted) leggeſ of colour blackiſh or ſpotted, for the mouſe colour iſ too vulgar, and iſ not fit ina Mole, For it iſ but folly in a man to allow and approue. euery colour he looketh vypon.W therefore (Collameila writeth)when there are ſpotſ vppon the tongue and pallet of a Ram; ſuchalſo are found in the woollof the Lambe he begetteth. — ſ And ſoalſo if an Afſe haue diverſ coloured haireſ vpon hiſ eye broweſ, or vpO! hiſ careſ, the foalche bringeth forth hath ſuch colourſ in hiſ ſkin;ſAnd hereunto agrcebo\h Paladiuſ, and Abſirtuſ ſaying 5 He that wil haue a good breed of Moleſ,muſt get an AUC of Elegant forme, a great ſtature, ſquare memberſ, a great head notlike a ho:ſcs,fſilclzs & Oſtbe AMule. 55Q face, checkeſ, and lipſ not ſimal, hiſ eieſ ſtanding out of hiſ head, and not little or hollow broad Noſthrilſ, great eareſ, not hanging down, but ſtanding vpright; a broad and long: necke, a broadebreaſt, rough with the pleightſ of hiſ muſcleſ, and ſtrong to endure the kickingſ of themare :great breaſteſ, plateſ and other parteſ vader hiſ ſhoulderſ, and ſo downetohiſleggeſ, wh1cſſh oughtto beſtrong, broad, and corpulent, and ſtanding farre aſſunder,ſo aſ he may eaſily coucrthe mare. A greatbacke, and broad backe—bone, neither hollow nor ſtanding vp withbuncheſ, bearing a direC line vpon the middle. Hiſ ſhoulderſ not low but ſtanding vp,the hipbone fuland longe, not bending too narrowely nor pinde buttockt, nor ſhndihgout ſharpe and they are beſt which haue the ſhorteſt raileſ. & 19 . Eurthermorelet hiſ ſtoneſ begreat, hiſ kneeſ great andround, ſtanding bothalike, hiſ leggeſ bony and without fleſh, nothing appearing in them butnerueſand Skimſ not ſtanding awry, nor yet of diverſ colourſ,hiſ paſternſ nothigh, nor yet ouer—low : hiſfeet notlow nor bending inward, hiſ hoofe thicke and hellow within ,the inward part of it be— ing cleare, according to theſaying of Zwvenall : Namg, hicmunda,nitet vagula Maule. \ Hiſ voice cleare and not hoarſe, for {o the mare wil be terrified from copulation.Hiſ co— lour oughtto be likewiſe cleare, aſ all black, hauing no white belie , or ſomewhatJooking towardſ purple, and hauing one blacke ſpot vppon hiſ mouth, or rather a blacke tongue and ſuch aſ haue bin brougbt vp with horſeſ. 20 It iſ the faſhion of ſome to take wilde Aſſeſ to tame them.,to make Stalionſ for genera— tion , for they beget the beſt Muleſ, if they be liberally fedand not encloſed, and neuer waxe wilde againe if they bee putamong tame Afſeſ . And the young oneſo gotten by him, will belike the ſyer : and if any have a defſire to make the Muleſ of ſirange colourſ, 43944; they muſt couer the female with a cloth of that colour wherewithal they deſire the young one to be foaled, aſ we haue ſhewed already in the diſcourſe of Horſſeſ, whereby there are rayſed many excellent kindſ and raſeſ 5 or elſe they bring in their preſence at thetime of their copulation ſome greatmale Horſie or Aſſe » by thefight whereof they are made more fruitfull : or againe, ſome baſe and diſpiſablebeaſt being offered to their view,doth make them to conceiue morenoble Muleſ. Ifthe wilde Affeſ be at any time heauy , and not willing to couer the Mare, then let there beanotherfemale Afſe brought intothe preſence, by the ſight whercof hiſ luſtſo burneth that he rageth almoſtto madneſſe for copulation : And thereforebcing denyed, the Affſe doth more willingly leape vpon the Mare, whom before he loathed. Againe, itmuſtbe regarded, that the Sralion becetyed and bound faſt, ſo that he may not couer the Mare after ſhe iſ with foal, nor yethaueacceſſe vnto her, leaſt by kicking andbiting he cauſe abortment, for many timeſ they breake their bondſ aſtinder, and greatly trouble the femaleſ with young, therefore they are accuſtomed to ſome labour, which taketh downe the heate of their luſt : yet at the time that they areto couer the Mareſ, you muſt vſe all diligence to awaken the drouſie natureof the beaſt, ſo that with greater ſpirit the 4" ſeedeofthemaleandſemalemay meete together. The Afſeſ of Lybia wil not couer mareſ that haue maneſ vntil they beſhorne off, for it ſeemeth they diſdaine that their femaleſſhoulde haue more ornamenteſ then them— ſelueſ, which aretheyr huſbandſ. Wehaue ſhewed already in the diſcourſe of the Aſſe, that mareſ doe not willingly ad— mit any Stalion Aſſetocouer them, except itbe ſuch a one aſ didſfucke a Mare, which we called a horſe—ſuckling or Equimu/guſ. For thiſ cauſe men that propound vato them— ſelueſ to nouriſh raſeſ of Muleſ, take the colt of an Aſſeſo ſoon aſ it iſ foald and put to it amare giving milke inſome darke place, wherein the marenot doubting any_fi'aud, iſ de— ceined, and willingly yealdeth her vdderſ to the Affeſ foale; whereunto being accuſto— 50 med for ten daieſ together, atlaſt ſhe takerhit for her own, and ſuch a Stalion Aſſe loueth mareſ exceedingly :and on the otherſide, the Mare refuſeth not him .And ſome ſay; that although they ſucke their motherſ milke, yet if from the time of their weaning they bee brought vp among Horſſte—Coltſ, it iſ aſ good aſ if they had ſucked mareſ. Tfthe Aſſe be ſmall which iſ a Stalion, he willquickly waxe olde, and hiſyſſue be the worſe, 0 ſiſſ E B | )ſſſi 560 The Hiſtorice '0} Foure—footed Bea worſe, thereforethey muſt provide the largeſt and ſtrongeſt Aſſeſ,; and nouriſh them withthe beſt hay and barly, that ſo hiſ ſtrength naay abgund beforehiſ copulation . He ought not to be vader three yeareſ olde, nor yet brought vnto a Mare which nener kney, male, for ſuch a one will beate him away with her heeleſ .and mouth, and bring him into perperuall hatred withthatkind 5 wherefore they vſe to bring ſome vile andvulgar Am into the preſence of the Mare, aſ it wereto weo her, and proucke herto copulation, that o if ſhe beate him away it may be no hinderance to the Stallion, but if ſhe ſeem to admy hijnm, and deſirouſ of copulation , then they take bim away , and bring the appointed Stal;. on into hiſ roome, and ſo the Mule iſ engendered. Iſ For the effecting of their copulation , there muſt bea place appointed for the purpoſe, betwixt two walſ, hauing a narrow y aſſa ge,that ſo the Mare may not hauchbercy to fight withthe Afſe, and the Mareſ head muſt betyed downe toa Manger or racke, the ground bcingſſ, ſo faſhioned,chat her forefeet may ſtand much lower then her hinder, and ſoaſcend backward,to theintent that the aſle may more eaſilyTeape vpon her back, and ſhe receine theſeed more deepely . WWhen the Mare hath brought forth the Mule, ſhe gineth it ſuck halfe a yeare, and then driveth it away, which ought to be brought vp in ſome Mountainſg or hard placeſ, that ſo the hoofeſ may grow hard and indurable. . ® 1 P ut Cinte — 1 . fol! thit A Having thuſ diſcourſedof the generation of Muleſ, it now followeth that we ſhould enquire whether Muleſ thuſ engendered betwixt an Afſeand a Mare, doth likewiſe bring forth in their ownekind. Ob/ermatzmmeſ? (ſaith pliny) 2 duobuſ dinerſi?ſ generibuſ terry generiſ 20 3 freri,tr neutri parentum eſſe ſtmilia, ed 4 -pfl: qua ita wata ſi*ſſctuſiſſct non gignere, m'ctmm' animali— wum genere, id cireo mulaſ non parere. That iſ to ſay 5 It hath beene obſerued,that out of two diverſ kindſ, a third hath beene engendered, and yet like to neither of the parentſ, and thoſe ſo engendered did not procreate otherſ in the eniverſall kind of beaſteſ,or amon ETt . " * Se alcreatureſ ; And therfore Muleſ conceined betwixt Aſſeſ and Mareſ,do not bringforth young. Whereupon Cameraritſ made thiſ pretty riddle of a mule. Diſſimiliſ patrimatri diner/a figura Confuſi generiſ, generinon aptapropago, Ex ald ſ naſtor ,vec quiſquam naſeituy ex me. E Demvcrituſ iſ of opinionalſo, that Muleſ cannot conceiue, and that their ſecret placeſ ate not like other beaſteſ, and the iſſue of confuſed kindſ can neuer engender, but eſpeci— ally in a Mule, becauſcit iſ made of dinerſ ſeedeſ, (I meane dinerſ in quantity, and al— moſt contrary) for the ſeede of the Aſſe iſ cold , and the ſeede of the Mare iſ hor. Ariſtotle diſputing of thiſ matter concerning thoſe kindſ that are procreated of diverſ parentſ, writeth in thiſ ſort, thoſe beaſtſ loyne in copulation , whoſe kindſ although they are diverſ, yet are not their natureſ very diſagreeable. Ifthe quantity and ſtature be alike, and the timeſ of going with young be equall, yet they remaine barren that are ſobegot— _ ten, of which cauſe Empedvcleſ and Democrituſ yeald reaſon : Empedocleſ obſ{ſcurely, and # Pemocrituſ more plainly,but neither of the both wel;for they alledge the ſame demonſtra— tion about all beaſtſ out of their kind. Demoeri#@ſ ſaith,, that the paſſageſ of the Muleſ are corrupted in their wombeſ, becauſe their beginning doth not conſiſt of oneand theſame kind; but thiſ iſ no reaſon, for that it happeneth alſo to other beaſteſ that do engender. Empedocleſ he yealdſ a feaſon out of Plurarch,about the ioyning together of the ſeedeſ, and therefore compareth it to a commixtion of tinne and Braſſe together, but hee faith he doth not vnderſtand their meaning, and therefore proceedeth to expreſſe hiſ owne opinion in theſe wordſ. Friſt(ſaithhe) every one ofthe Maleſ do beget one of their own kinde,but the femaleſ cannot conceine, and thiſ iſ no great wonder, becauſe that Horſſeſ are not alwaieſ fitte for generation , nor Mareſ to bring forth Colteſ beyng conered : and therfore when afleſand mareſ doe couple together, their iſſve may be more barren becauſe they receine the greater hinderance in the dinerſity of kinde 3 for beſideſ the coldnefſe of the Afſeſſeed whichmay beeone great cauſe of hiſ barrenneſſe, they have another property, if they docnot breed and engender beforethe caſting of theyr Colteſ tqctlſſ; 5'9 Of the AMule. 561 Coltſ—reeth, they remaine ſteriland barren al cheir life long : for ſo doth the generatine Powc:rh of the Aſſeſ body reſt vpon a tickle and Nice—point, apt to riſe, or eaſice tofal away tonothing. And ir% like ſort, iſ a horſe prone to barrenneſſe, for it wanteth nothing but cold ſub— ſtance to be mingled with hiſ ſeede, which commeth then to paſſe whenthe ſeede of the Aſſe iſ mixed with it, for there wanteth but very litcle, but that the Aſſeſſeed waxech bar— ren in hiſ owne kind, and therefore much more when it meeteth with that which iſ beſide hiſ nature and kind. Thiſ alſo hapneth to Muleſ, that their bodieſ grow exceeding great, eſpecially be— cauſe they haue no menſtruouſ purgation , and therefore where there iſ an annual bree— !® ding or procreation, by the helpe and refreſting of theſe flowerſ, they both conceine and nouriſh 5 now theſe being wanting vntomuleſ, they are the more vofitte to procrea— tion. The excrementſ of their body inthiſ kinde they purge with their vrine, which apea— reth becauſe the male—muleſ neuer {mell to the ſecretſ of the female, but to their vrine, and the reſidue which iſ not voided in the vrine, turneth to encreaſe the quantity and greameſſe of the body, whereby it commeth to paſſe, that if the female mule doe con— ceivue with foale, yet iſ ſhe not able to bring it forth to perfection , becauſe thoſe thingeſ arediſperſed to the noriſhment of her owne body, which ſhould be imployedabout the nouriſÞment of the foale : and for thiſ cauſe, when the Egyptianſ deſcribe a barren wo— man, they picturea mule. Oraſ. Alexander Aphroditiuſ writeththuſ alſo of the ſterility of muleſ. Muleſ (ſaith heyſeem© An Emblem: to be barren becauſethey conſiſt of beaſtſ diverſ inkind, for the commixtion of ſeedeſ> which differ both in habite and nature, doceuermore worke ſomething contrary to na— ture, for the aboliſhing of generation ; for aſthe mingling together of blacke and white colourſ dodeſtroy both the blackeand white, and produce a ſwart and brown, andney— ther of both appeare in the browne ; ſo iſ it in the generation of the muleſ, whereby the habituall and generative powerofnature iſ vtterly deſtroyed in the created compounde, which beforewaſ eminent in both kindeſ, ſimple and ſeuerall. Theſe thingſ ſaith he. , _ (Namer) Parduſ,cum hedo aecubabit. That iſ to ſay , The VWolfe ſhall dwell with the zambe, and the Pardall; Libbard, and Panther,ſhalllye with the Kid.So in fl i — & 1 the viſion of Daniel chap. 7. among thefoure beaſteſ comming out of the Sea, the pro— 3 \\ phet ſeeth Azmer a Leopard. In the 1 3. Rewelſ. of S.zebm,he fecth another beaſt riſing out : of the ſea, hauing ten horneſ, and heeſaith it waſ like Pardaleſ, which Ezaſ#wuſ tranſlateth Pardo a Leopard. Ieremy 5 . Parduſ (Namer) vigelat ſuper cinitatem corum, vt omneninde tt : egredienter diſcrepat . That iſ, a panther or Pardal watcheth at the gateſ of the Citty, that hemay teare in pieceſ enery one that commeth forch. FAafZuſ /nm eiſ ſicut Leo, C& ſtait Parduſ( ſicut Namer)divetuſ ad viam ſuam.Eor Namer in that place the Grzecianſ tranſlate Pardaliſ ,a Pardall. In the 1 3.Teremy S/ mutare poteſt Aethiopſ pellem ſnam, aut Parduſ mt# eiulaſ ſwaſ , & voſ potevitiſ bene faterecum didiceritiſ malum XE theBlackamoore can change hiſ ſkin, or the Leopard hiſ ſpotſ,then may you do wel which haue learned to do it.Cizx#— tleſ 4 . Coronaber iſ de vetrice ſaner, & hermon, de cubilibuſ Leonemſ de montibbuſ Pardorum. That iſ, Thou ſhalt be crownd fro the top of Siner and Hermon,from the denſ of theLy— onſ» and the Mountainſ of the Leopardſ. .Now according to Brocardwſ the Mountaine 1 of the Leopardſ iſ diſtant from T;jpoliſ in the holy land two leagueſ. Raſiſ & Avicen, tWo | Arabianſ docal thePanther and Leopard by one name, Alpheth,or Alphil,ſo that by com— paring all theſe together the Panther, Pardall, Libbard, and Zeopard, arebut onebeaſt, A more ex— called by diverſ nameſ. For the farcther manifeſting heerof ,it iſ good to examine,what iſ Z)ſſ[f ſi*ſifflft_*" ſaid ofthe Pardal and Zeopard in particular,that ſo hauing expreſſed that it may be cleare | | dalſ and Leo Dy the diſcoutrſe ſucceeding,, that there iſ no difference betwixt them and the Panther, | pardſ. orvery ſmall. Firſt of all therefore it ſaid of the Pardyſ, that it differeth not from the Pan— \\ ther buvonely in ſexe, and that the ſkin hath receiued a naturall tinGure of diverſ ſpotſ. * | Ariftotle writeth thuſ of it, Coriſ chamaliontiſ diftinet a maculiſ vt pardalia. The Skin ofthe | Chamelian iſ ſported like a Pardalſ,, and in the relation of Lampridiuſ, wherehee ſheweth how Heltogabaiuſ waſ wont to ſhut vp hiſ drunken friendeſ : C#p Leoſizi[)m, Leop.mz'ſzs, J vrſiſ, ita vt experge facti in cubiculo codemn Leoneſ, vrſoſ pardoſ cum luce, vel quod eft grami= a85 nocte innenierent , ex quo pleyid, ex animati ſunt,and ſo forth : By 29 49 Of thePanther. 574 By which wordſ it iſ apparant thatthoſe which in the firſt place he calleth Lcopardſ, in thelaſt place he calleth 24/@2/ſ, and the onely difference betwixtthe Lecopard, Pard,all and Lyon, iſ that the Leoparde or Pardal haue no maneſ : and therefore they are cal— led Zgmobileſ leoneſ. Iſidor uſ,and Solinuſ write in thiſ maner : Parduſ ſeeundum poſt pan— therameſt genuſ varium ac veloriſſinum, & precepſ ad (anguinem, ſaltu cnim ad ;ſigct,ctm ruit ,ex ad vlterio pardi & Leeniſ,Len parduſ Haſcitur , t tertiam originemefſicit. That iſ to fay , the Pardal iſ the nextkind to a Panther, being diuerſ coloured & very ſwiſt,gree— dy after blood, and kercheth hiſ prey by lcaplſing : the Leopard iſ bred betwixt the Pardal and the Zioneſſe, and ſo that maketh a third kind, by which teſtimony it apearcth, that 0 theſe nameſ make three ſeucrallkindſ of beaſteſ, not diſtinG in nature but in quantity, (hrough commixture of generation. The greateſt therefore they call Pantherſ, aſ Bellumenſiſ writeth. Theſecond they call Pardalſ, and the thirdleaſt of all they call Zeopardſ, which for the ſame cauſe in England iſ called a Catof the Mountain: And truely in my opinion, votill ſome other can ſhew me better reaſon I will{ubſcribe hereunto, namely that they areall one kinde of beaſt, and differ in quantitie onely throughadulterouſ generation. For in Affrick there iſ great want of waterſ,and therefore the lyonſ, Pantherſ, and other beaſtſ doe aſſemble them— ſelueſ in great numberſ together at the running rinverſ, where the Pardalſ, and the—:lyorſ .,, Sevidheſ, doe engender one with another : I meane the greacer Pantherſ with the lyoneſſeſ, and 7 20 the greater lyonſ with the Pantberſ; and ſo likewiſe the ſmaller with the ſmaller, & there— by it commeth to paſſe that ſome of them areſported, and ſomeof them without ſpotſ. The Pardal iſ a fierce and cruell beaſt very violent, hauing a body and mind like ta— P/y, uening birdſ, and ſome ſiy they are ingendred now and then betwixtdogſ and Pantherſ, or betwixt leopardſ and doggeſ, enuen aſ the Zycopantherſ are ingendred betwixt wolueſ and pantherſ. It iſ the nature of theſe pardalſ in Affrick to get vp into therough and thicke treeſ, wherethey hide themſelueſ amongeſt the bougheſ and leaneſ, and doe not onely take birdſ, but alſo from thence leape downe vpon beaſtſand men when they I eſpie thcir aduantage, and all theſe thingſ doe belong vnto the pantherſ. 1 Concerning the Zeopard the word it ſelfe iſ new and lately inuented, for it iſ neuer F(?ſi;;:ſſ E0y , found amongany of the auncientſ before 7ulinſ Capitolinuſ, or Sparſianuſ. Syluaticaſ, maketh no difference betwixt pardaliſ and Zeoparduſ, and the Italianſ generally call a ardal Leopardo, and never pardo,exceptſome of the Poctſ, for brevitie ſake in a verſe. The leopard iſ like to a lyon in the head and forme of hiſ memberſ, but yet he iſ lefſer and nothing ſoſtrong, by the ſightof a leopardſ ſSkinne Geſwer made thiſ deſcription of the beaſt. The length(ſaith he) from the head to the taile, waſ aſ much aſ a manſ ſtature, and halfe a cubite. The taile of it ſelfe three ſpanſ and a halfe, the breadth in the middle three ſpanſ, the colour a bright yellow diſtinguiſhed into dinerſ ſpotſ,the haire ſhort and moſſic. : The price of the ſkin waſ about fiue nobleſ or fortieſhillingſ, for they differ in price, 4"? according to theregionſ out of which they are brought, they which come furtheſt are ſold deareſt, and they which comeleſſe way are ſold cheapeſt. at iſ a wrathfull and an angry beaſt, and whenſocuer it iſſicke it thirſteth after the blood of a wilde cat, and reco— uereth by ſucking that blood, or elſe by eating the dung of a man. Aboue all other thingſ it delighteth in the Camphorey tree, and therefore lieth vnder—neath it, tokeepe it from fpoilcſi,ſiandin likeſortthe panther delighteth in ſweet gumſ and ſþiceſ, an_d therefore no maruelif they cannor abide garlicke, becauſe it annoyeth their ſence of ſmelling: And it iſ reported by S. Ambroſe,that if the walſ of oneſ howſe or ſheep—coat be anointed with f Garlicke, both pantherſ and Leopardſ willrun away from it, but of thiſ mat— theivice of _ terweſhalſaie more afterwardſ, The Leopard iſ ſometimeſ tamed, and vſed in ſtead of a Dog for hunting, both among the Tarrarianſ and otherPrinceſ, for they carry themſbchinde them on F:?orfc— backe, and when they ſee a Decre or Hart, or conuenient prey , they turne them downe vppon them ſuddainely, who take them and deſtroy them; yet ſuch iſ the nature of thiſ beaſt, aſ alſo of the P ano att, that iſfhee doe not rake hiſ prey at thefourth \ E G g g 0f Albertn:, 578 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. or fiſtiump, hefalleth ſo angry and fierce, thathe deſtroyeth whomlocuer he meeteth; yeamany timeſ hiſ hunter. Thereforethe hunterſ have alwaieſ a regard to carry with them a lambe or akid, or ſome ſuch line thing, wherewichall they paciſie him after he he hath miſſed hiſ game, for without blood he will neuer be appeaſed : and thuſ much ſhall ſuffice to hane ſpoken of the difference betwixt Pantherſ, Pardalſ, and Lcopardſ, and their ſeuerall nameſ in Greekeand Latine, from whom almoſt all nationſ doe derivue their Iſſſi:ſiſifſiſifcts[ſi_ denomination, for the Italianſ call it ZLeoppardo, the French Leopard, and Lyopard, the guageſ. Germanſ Leppard,and Lefurad, and pantherthier, the Spaniardſ Leonpardal,& Leopardo, 'The Illyrianſ Zewhazz, the Caldeanſ Nzm7a, and ſome make no differenc betwixt thiſ and the Arabian Wolfe: The reaſon of the Greeke word pardaliſ,or Pordaliſ, (for they 19 ſigniſic both one)y ſeemeth to me in moſt probabilitice to be derived from the Hebrew word Pardeſ, ſignifying a Garden,becauſe aſ colourſ in a Garden make it ſpotted and render a fragrant ſimell, ſo the Payzher iſ diverſ coloured like a Garden of ſundry flow— erſ, and alſo it iſ ſaid to carry with him a moſt ſweete ſauour whither ſocuer he goeth, and therfore in auncient timethey made their Tuory tableſ ſtanding vpon pictureſ of Pantherſ, whereof Imvenali writeth thuſ in one of hiſ Satyreſ. Olim ex quauiſ arbore menſa fiebat Atnuncdiuitibuſ canandi nulla volupt aſ niſit ſuſtinet orbeſ. 20 Grande ebur & magno ſublimiſ Parduſ biatu Dentibuſ exilliſ quoſ mittit porta Hyeneſ Jam pimioſ capitig, graneſ, Gre. For the ſame cauſe Pardaliſ waſ the name of a notable Harlot, for aſ the Payzherſ by their ſweete ſmelſ drawe the beaſteſ vnto them and then deſtroy them, ſo alſo doe harlotſ decke and adorne themſelueſ with all alluring prouocationſ , aſ it were with in— chaunted odorſ , to drawe menvntothem, of whom they make ſpoyie and rapine: Ther Evax, iſ a pretiouſ ſtone alſo called Zapiſ Payzherkſ brought out of India, whereupon if a man Syluatitſ® |goke before the Sunne riſing he ſhall ſee diverſ colourſ, namely, blacke, red, greene, EJZZ Th, puſſet, purple, and roſe colour, and they ſay it hathaſ many vertueſ aſit hath colourſ,but 3 eortieſ_ — I liftnot to follow the name any further. Pantherſ. The Countrieſ breeding Pantherſ are Abuſiſ in the kingdome of Melachſ, in the lle Sumatra Likewiſe in A ſ 1 a, eſpecially Syria, forthere are none in Europe, ail Affricke ouer they are plentiful,aſin Lybiaand Mawritamia, where abound al ſtore of wilde beaſtſ. Likewiſe beyond Caradupſ, for Apolleniuſ and hiſ companionſ ſaw there many Zyonſ & Pantherſ. In Arabia the furtheſt part,namly the promontory of DJ7a towardſ the ſouth, are the ſtrongeſt Pardalſ of theworld, aſ ſaith Szrabo:)Likwiſe in the Medizerancan region beyond Barygazatoward the South, vnto Dachizabadeſ, and towardſ the Eaſtare alſortſ of wilde beaſtſ, both Tygreſand pantherſ: (and Dirdor»ſ writeth) that in that part of A— rabia ioyning vpon Syria, there Ly onſ and pardalſ are both more in number and grea— ter in quantity then in Zybia. Alſo it iſſaid by Vola?eram@zſ and Gjllinſ that the panther of Lycia and Car/aare vetye long, but yet weake and without carriage, being not able to leape farre, yet iſ their Skin ſo hard aſ no yron can pierce. Betwixt the riner Gamgeſ and ZZphaſiſ, Apolloniuſ ſaw many panthcrs.The Indianſ alſo breed many and make them tame, and leopardſ do line in the 'The ſcuerall woodſ of B a r z AR 1 A. fſizſiſſſisct Pan— Itiſ apparant by that which iſ already ſaide, that the Panther iſ the name of the greater & pardall, and the Leopard of the leſſer, which the Arab/anſ call Alpewer,and Alfhead, dlue— mer iſ bigger then a Linx, but like a Leopard, hauing greater and ſharper naileſ and feete, ſ blackeand terriblecieſ, and therefore ſtronger, fiercer, and bolder then the Leopardc, foritſettethvppon men, and deſtroyeth them. Oppiannſ deſcribeth both kindſ in thiſ manner.There are (ſaith he) two kindeſ of pardalſ, a greater and aleſſer, the greater e broader backt , and bigger in quantity, the leſſer being leſſe in quantity, but not inferior in ſtrength : both of them hauethe ſame ſhapeand colour of body, except in their raile : for the greater pardall hath the leſſer taile and the leſſer the greater : either ofthem ?aluz oli Lco Affri: Of the Panther. 579 ſolidand found thighſ, a very long body , brightſeeing eieſ, the Appleſ whereof do gli— ſter vnder their eye—lidſ, which are gray and red within like to burning coaleſ,their teeth aleand vcncmous,_thelr Skin of dinerſ colorſ, yet bright and pleaſant,the ſpotſ ſtanding like ſo many black eieſ vp on it, Thwſ fay Oppiannuſ. Such kinſ are oftentimeſ ſolde in the martſ of Europe which are broght in bundleſ twenty or thirty togither,and it iſ not to be forgotten ,which Volazeran citeth out of Acliannſ,that ther iſ in thiſ kind of pardalſ a beaſ called 8##iſ, not vnlike to the vulgar Leopardſ in al partſ, except that it wanteth a rail; & they ſay that if thiſ beaſt beſcene by awoman, it will inſtantly make her to be ſick 5 but to proceedto the reſidue ofthe partſ of theſe beaſtſ, we muſt remember that which Ariſto— tle writeth in hiſ phyſiognomy; aſ iſ recorded by Adamantinſ : Leo perfectiſſimam mariſ ideam pra ſe fert Pardaliſ vero femineam formum ex primit crucibuſ tantiiexceptiſ, quibuſ ad innadendumfortiter vtiter, that iſ to ſay : Among all beaſtſ the lyon doethmoſtreſemble the male, and the pardallthefemale, except in the legſ which ſhe vſeth to take her prey. 4 It hath a little face, a little mouth , little cieſ, ſomewbat white, plaine, and not much ho— low, a long forebead, eareſ rather round then ſmooth or broad, a necke very longe and ſlender, the breſt not wel ſet out with ribſ, becauſe they are ſmall, the backelong,the but— tockeſ and thigheſ very fleſhy , the parteſ about the ſmall of the belly or loineſ are more ſmooth,leſſehollow and bunchy 5 the colour diverſ, and the whole body inarticulate,& not well compounded for the outwardſight : and it iſ to beremembred(ſaith Cardemythat 2ſ allrauening beaſtſare like a Cat, aſ ZLyonſ, pantherſ , Linceſ,and pardalſ,for they haue in — common the length and ſtrength of their clawſ ,beautitul partycoloured Skinſ, alitle head and round face, a long taile, nimbleneſ of body , and wildneſ of nature, lining vppon the meat they get in hunting. — The Perſianſ call a pardall paybacZ, and Sealiger deſcribeth it thuſ. In hiſ red or yellow haire he iſ like a Lyoneſſe, but fet with divuerſ blacke ſpotſ both in length and breedth, aſ if they were painted.It hath a browne face, aſperſed with blacke and white, and it iſto bee remembred, that aſ other beaſtſ are either ail blacke,or allred, or all white, or a lof one colour by nature, ſo alſo it iſ naturalto pea—cockeſ and pantherſ, to haue dinerſ colourſ in them , for there are in Zream/a pantherſ with little round ſpotteſ like eieſ, both blacke, white, blew,and green, aſ both Sulizwſ and Clawdiuſ teſtific, which cauſed Marzia/to write PA[[MW thuſ 5 a ing ſ 3 1 Pitto quod inga delicata collo parduſ ſuſtinet. P o . =— yamn There iſ a land called Tryra4 eremboram inhabited by the Trogloditeſ and Sarazenſ in Ly— bia, where the vperface ofthe earth iſ compared vato the pantherſ ſkin,becauſe through the heat of the ſun it iſ burned ,and died aſ it were into dinerſ colorſ.ſothat ye ſhalſee di— uerſ ſpotſ of white, black, and green earth aſ if it wer done of purpoſeby the hand of man, The teeth of the panther arelike ſaweſ, aſ are alſo a Dogſ and a Lyonſ : theyr tongueof ſuch incredible ſharpeneſſe, that in licking it grateth like a file. 40 The femaleſhauec foure vdderſ in the midſt of their belly, the heart iſ great in proporti— 4,.9 ,»,: on,becauſe he iſ a violent beaſt,terifieng man. There are many fiſſureſ in theirfeet. Their *" former feethaue fine diſtinG clawſ or fingerſ and their hinder feet but four ,for litle oneſ among foure—footed—beaſtſ haue fiue fingerſ vpon their hinder fret : when they go,they hide their naileſ within the ſkinne of their feet, aſ it were in ſheathſ, neuer bringing them forth but when they are in their prey ;to the intent they ſhould neuer be broken nor dul— led.Their tailſ haue nolong haireſat theend like a Lyonſ or Oxeſ, and the Leopatdhath awider mouth then the pardall. The female iſ oftener timeſ taken then the male,, the reaſon iſ given by Valarera», be— cauſe ſhe iſ inforced to ſeekeabroad for her owne meate and her yoong oneſ. 'Thc Place 5o oftheir aboad iſ among the mountaineſ and woodſ, and eſpecially thcyctdclxght in the %'he goodof tree Camphorie. They rauen vpon fieſh both birdeſ and beaſteſ : for which calile they TAWASIS: bide themſelueſ in treeſ, eſpecially in Mayzitania, where they are not very ſwxſF of foote, & therefore they ginethemſelueſ to take Apeſ, which they atraine by thiſ pollicy : when they ſee the apeſ;they makeafter the, who at their firſtapproching climbe intothetopſ of treeſ,& there ſittoauoyd the Pantherſ teeth,for ſhe iſ notable to follow the ſohie,but yet &' — Ggg 2 ſhe | \ Their loye ofſpiceſ, The fauor or ſmel of Pan.. therſ. o Ariſtotle . Volaterannſ, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ſhe iſ more cunning then the Apeſ, and therefore diniſeth more ſhiſtſ to take them, that wherenature hath denied hir bodily power . there ſhe might ſopply that want by the giftſ ofthe mind.Forth therefore ſhee goeth, and vnder the tree where the Apeſ are lodged, ſhelieth downeaſ though ſhe were deade, ſtrerching out her limbeſ , and reſtraining her breath,ſhutting her eyeſ, and ſhewing allother token of expiration. The Apeſ thatſitte on the toppeſ of the Tree behold from on high the behanuiour oftheir aduerſary, and be— cauſe al of them wiſh her dead,they more eaſily beleeue that which ſo much they deſire, & yet dare not deſcend to maketryall. Then to end their doubteſ, they chuſe out one from among them all, whom they thinke to be of the beſtcourage, andbim they ſend downe t aſ it were for an eſpy , to certifie al the reſidue : forth then he goeth with a thouſand feareſ in hiſ mind, and leapeth from bough to bough with no great haſt,(for dread of an il þar. gain yyet being come downe, dareth not approach nigh, but hauing taken a view of the counterfeite, and repreſſed hiſ owne feare, returnethbackeagaine: After a little ſpace he deſcendeththe ſecond time , and commeth nearer the panther then before, yet returneth without touching him. Then he diſcendeth the third time, looking into hiſ eieſ, and ma— kerhtryall whether hee draweth breathor no, but the P an't ® :x keepeth both breath and limſ immouable,by that meanſ imboldning the Apeſ to their owne dcſtrſſuctiou ;for the ſpy—Ape ſitteth down beſide the Panther and ſtirreth not : now when thoſe which ar abou in the tree, ſee how their intelliger abideth conſtantly beſide their aduerſary wit out harme, they gather their ſpiritſ togither and diſcend downe in great mnltitudeſ,run— ning about the panther, firſt of all going vpon him, and afterwardſ leaping with greatioy and exultation, mocking thiſ their aduerſary with altheir apiſh toyeſ, and teſtifieng their ioy for hir ſuppoſed death: and in thiſ fort the Panther ſuffereth them to continew a great ſeaſon, til he perceiueth they are throughly wearied, and then vpon a ſudden hee leapeth vpalineagaine, taking ſome of them inhiſ clawſ, deſtroying andkilling them with teeth and naileſ, tit he have prepared for himſelfa rich dinner out of hiſ aduerſarieſ fleſh. And like aſ viyſſeſendured all the contumelieſ and reproacheſ, both of hiſ maidſ and wineſ ſuiterſ, vntilt he had a inſtoccaſion given him of reuenge,ſo doth the Panther the diſdain— full dealing of the Apeſ: whereupon came the provuerbe, Pardi mortemſ aſ/imenlat, T hana— ton pardaleoſ bypocrimetai, againſt a cunning difſembling fellow ,ſuch a one aſ Bratuſ waſ, 30 who counterfatted madneſ that he might get the Empire. So greatiſ the loue of thiſ beaſtto all ſpiceſ and aromaticalltreeſ, that they come o— yer all the mountaine T#@7@5 through Arre»ia and Si/za,when the windſ bring the ſauor ofthe ſweet gum vnto them, out of Payphilia from the tree Storax : whereupon lyeth thiſ ſtory . There waſ a certaine panther which waſ raken by king A7/aceſ,and a Golden collor putvpon hiſ necke, with thiſ inſcription : Nex Ar/aeeſ deo Niſe0;, that iſ , King Ar/ſaceſ to the God Bacchuſ : for Bacchuſ waſ called Niſey of a citty My/a in Zndia. Thiſ Beaſt grew ve— ry tame, and would ſuffer himſelfe to behandled and ſtroked by the handſ of men, vntill the ſpring time that he winded the ſauour of the Aromaticaltreeſ, and then he wouldrun away from all hiſ acquaintance, according to hiſ kind, and ſo at laſt waſ taken inthe nea 4 ther part of the mountaine TaAMwſ,which waſ many hundred mileſ diſtant from thekingſ court of Armenia. Wehaue ſhewedalready how they loue the gum of Camphorey, watching that tree,to the end to preſerue it for their owne vſe, and indeed aſ Ar/Zapwſ ſaith : Admirzabilem guan— tam odoriſ ſhavitatem olet pardaliſ, quamſ bene elendi preſtatiam dewino muncre donatam, cum ſtbi propriam plane tenct ;t um vero catera animalia eiuſ hane vni pr aclare (entin#nt: thatiſ to ſay , the Panther or Pardallſmelleth moſt ſweetly, whichſauor he hath receiued from a diuine gift, and doth not onely feele the benefit of it himſelfe, but allo bewray'it vnto o ther beaſtſ : for when he feeleth himſelfto be hungry and ſtand in need of meat,then doth he getvp into ſome roughtree,and by hiſ ſavour orſweet ſmel, draweth vnto him an in— numerablecompany of wilde Goatſ,Hartſ, Roeſ, and Hindſ, and ſuch other beaſtſ, and fo vpon a ſudden leapeth downe vpon them ,when he eſpyeth hiſ couenient time. 3 And Solinuſ ſayth,that the ſweetneſſe of hiſ ſauor worketh the ſame effect vppon them in the open fieldeſ, for they are ſo mighrily delighted with hiſ ſpotted ſkin and fragrant 0 ua ſmell, that they wil alwaieſ come running vnto bim from all partſ, ſtrining whoſhalcome neareſt Of thePanther. 581 neareſt him to beſatiſfied with the ſight, but when once they looke vppon hiſ fierce and grim face, they allare rerrified and turne away : for which cauſe the ſubtle beaſt, turnech away hiſ head and keepeth that from their ſight, offering the more beautiful partſ of hiſ body, aſ an alluring bayt to a mouſe and deſtroy them: and from hencethere are ſome whichare of opinion,that he receiveth hiſ name Panthera, of congregating togither all kind of beaſtſ to look on him, for Pap ſignifietbalil,and Theyzſ ſignifieth bea{ts._fihertus iſ of opinion that the report of the Pantherſ ſauout or ſweer ſmelliſ but afable, becauſeche bdrar. ſaith) it iſ written aſ a Max/mm»p among Philoſopherſ, that Cefera animalia pratter homi— nem ne, ſuaviter ne g, moleſte odoribuſ affici,that iſ : That no creatureſ(man excepted)can beſaid co ſmell either ſweetly or ſowerly,and 77 heophraſtuſ writeth : Animalnullum Penetuſ odoratum eſt nifi quiſ dixerit pardalin, bellwuarum cenſui bene olere, that iſ : There iſ no crea— turethat can be ſaid to be ſo odorifirouſ,excep tthe pardal ſeem to ſimelwel to the ſcentſ of otherbeaſtſ : for itiſ certain that there be ſomſauourſ and ſmelſ which beaſteſ dofol— low andrefuſe, being led thereunto onely for the choice of their meate : for by their no— ſeſ they chooſe that which iſ conucnient & agreeable to their natureſ,but that they ſhold be drawn by any ſmelſ or ſauourſ meerly, and for no other cauſe but the pleaſure of the ſcentſ.aſ it iſ a reaſonable partin manſo it iſ vareaſonable, to attribute the very ſame vn; toabeaſt. & y Yethcereinby the fauour of Albe,#uſ I diſcent from him, for it being granted which go allmen yeeld vato, that either the ſpotſ of hiſ ſkin, which ſeeme to be aſ many eleſ aſ co— lourſ, or elſ the ſweet ſauour which commeth from him aſ the occaſionofthe beaſtſ af— ſembling about himſ then it followeth that when he iſ from the earth andlodgedinatree, and ſo not viſible to the eieſ of the beaſtſ, if then I ſay they afſembleabout the treewhere. in he iſ lodgd, there iſ no cauſe to draw the beaſteſ vnto him, buttheattractive power of hiſ ſweetſ ſauour : and what want of reaſon can it be inſtly deemed to ſay that beaſtſ loue ſweer ſauourſ, ſeeing both Alber#», and al other learned men that Iknow do confident—» ly affirme, that many wilde beaſtſ do forſake their meat to heare muſick, and alſo the Bad— ger doth forſake hiſ owne den when heperceiueth the Foxe hath emptied hiſ bellye therein. 3o Therefore I will conclude thiſ point with admiration of the worke of the creator, to conſi— der how wiſely he hath diſpoſed hiſ goodneſſe, and how powerfully hee communicateth the affectionſ ofhiſ divinity euen vnto brute beaſtſ, who doth not diſtinguiſh them aſun— der onely by their ourſideſ and exterior parteſ, nor yetby their inſideſ and qualitieſ of their mindſ, but alſo by the ayre they draw in, and the ſauour they ſendforth, Among all kindſ of Beaſteſ the male iſ moſt couragiouſ and fierce, except in Beareſ and pantherſ,forthe female panther iſ more generouſ then the male. At thetime of theit luſt, they haue very peculiar voiceſ, which canſed the poct to writethuſ: nniovanlamnmnſ iaam am . Their time of luſt, Panther caurit amanſ, Parduſ hiandofelit . 4" Attheſound ofthoſe voiceſ other beaſtſ come about them, aſ both Lyonſ, Lyoneſſeſ, Wolueſ,and Thoeſ. They neuer bear aboue once, becauſe when the "young oneſ begin to ſtirre in the damſ belly,and gather ſtrength for birth,they canot tarry the iuſt time of theirdeliuery,but teare out the womb or bag whcrein they lie with the ſharpneſ ofthecir nailſ and therefore their dam iſ forced for the auoiding of pain to caſtthem forth ofthe womb bothblind and deformed,which yet ſhe noriſheth tenderly, but afterwardſ can ne uer conceinue againe, by reaſon that her wombe iſſo torne with the claweſ of her firſte whelpeſ, thatit iſ not ableto retaine to perfedion the receined ſeed of the male. Pantherſ line togither in flockeſ or heardſ, and greatly delight in their owne kind but Their 1ouz . in 2o other that Iknowe, and therefore I wonder from what Author J/dorwſ wrote. pan— ::ct: ſſ}ſi::; t * ther omminum animalium amicuſ eſt exeepto Dracone 5 That the panther iſ friendly to al beaſtſ friendſ except the Draggon. It waſ not in vainethatthe poctſ feigned the Nurſes of Bacchuſto beeturned into pantherſ, and that they devoured Pexthewſ becauſe he railed vppon Bac— thuſ : for aſ a Lyon doeth in moſt thingeſ imitate and reſemble the very nature of man, ſo after the very ſelfe—ſame manner doeth the panther of a Woman, for it iſ a G £5 3 _fi'au- T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. fraudutent though a beautifull beaſt, or (aſ Adayanzieſ writeth) pPavther e ingenium mot. leeſt effeminatum ;iracundum, in ſiduoſum, G& frandulentum, timidum ſinaul C& andax, biſ moribuſ corporiſ etiam formareſpondit +that iſ , The diſpoſition of the Panther iſ wanton Thedeſcrip— effiminate, outragiouſ, treacherouſ, deceiprtfull, fearefull, and yet bold : and for thiſ be> tion of Pan. , 3 Nee . > therſ, caſion, in holy ſeriptureſit iſ ioyned with the Lyon and the Wolfe, to make vp the wi.. plicity of rauening beaſtſ: and thereforealſo we read,that the wiſeſtamong the E a xpr 1 an ſ when they willſignifie a cunning man conering the ſecret corruptionand cuil diſpo.. ſition of hiſ mind , pretending good, and yet intending euill, they piture a P an 1 n: r, for wehane ſhewed already how hee docth coucr bothhiſ heade and hiſ bodicto take hiſ ſ Srey. © \, E 'iſ'his beaſt iſ neuer ſo tamed but that hefaleth into hiſ wilde fitſ againe. Their lone to 3},13*{155 their yong oneſ iſ exceeding great,fomifatany time whilethey are abroad to ſorage,thcy *"**** meet wichhunterſ that would take the m away , they fight forthem vnto death,and to ſaue them from bloweſ, interpoſe their owne bodieſ, receining mortall woundeſ, but if the find their young oneſtaken out of their denne in theirabſence, they bewaile their loſſe with loud and miſerable howling. Demetrinſ the Phyloſopher relateth thiſ ſtory of a payrher, that lay in the high waye to meet with a man to helpe hir young oneſ out of a ditch or decpe pit wherein they were fallen,atlength there appeared in hir ſight the father of Phi/ivſſ a Phyloſopher,who pre— ſently began to runne away aſ ſoone aſ he faw the beaſt, but the poore diſtreſſed Panther 4 rouled after him in humblemaner,; aſthough ſhe had ſome ſute vato him, and took him lightly by the Skire of hiſ garment with one of her claweſ : the man perceiving that ſhee gaveſucke by the greatneſſe of her Vdderſ hanging vnder her belly, beganne to take pit— ty vpoaker, and layed away feare, thinking that indeed which happened, that her young oneſ were takenfrom her by one meaneſ or other 5 therefore he followed hir, ſhe draw— ing bhim with one of her feet vato the caue whereinto hir young oneſ were fallen, out of which he delinuered them to the mother aſ riunſome for hiſ ownelife, and then bothſhee and the young oneſ did follow him reioycing, out of the daunger of all beaſteſ, andout of the wilderneſſe, diſmiſſing him without all manner of harme, which iſ a rare thinge in aman to be ſo thankefull, and much more in a beaſt: and vnto thiſ ſtory of their lone and ?* kindneſſe to their young oneſ, I may addeanother, woorthy to bee remembered out of Acliannſ, E Anoratiſ There waſ (ſaith hey a man which brought vp a tame Panther from a whelp, and had ſtorie ot a |_ made it ſo gentle, tharit refuſed noſociety of men,and he himſelfe loued it aſ if it had bin Panthe*ſ _ hiſ wife. There waſ alſo a little Kyd in the houſebrought vptame, of purpoſeto begiuen companion. Vnto the Panther when it waſ growneto ſome ſtature or quantity, yet inthe meaneſea— ſon the Pantherplaied with it euery day: at laſ it being ripe, the maiſter killedit and layed it before the Panther to be eaten, but he would not touch it, wherevpon he faſted till the next day, and then it waſ brought vnto him againe, but herefuſed it aſ before, at laſt hee faſted the chird daie, and making great moane for meat, according to hiſ vfuallmanner, had the Kyd Jaide beforchim the third time, the poore beaſt ſceing that nothing woulde ſeruc the turne, but that he muſt either eat vppe hiſ chamberfellow, or elſe hiſ mayſter would make him continually faſt, he ranne and killed another Kyd, diſdaining to medle with that which waſ hiſ formeracquaintance, yeathough it were; dead heerin excelling many wicked men, who doe not ſpare thoſe that hauelived withthem in the greateſtfa— miliarity and friendſhippe, to vndooe and ouerthrow them aliue for the aduauncement of themſelveſ. W hine ſaide already , that they moſtof allreſemble Women, and indeed they are The hamieſ CUIViES to all creatureſ. The Leopardſ of B a rſ a ® v dolittle harme to men that they ot Pentherſ, meet, except they meet them in ſome path waie wherethe man cannor declinethe beakt, nor the beaſt the man, there they leape moſt fiercely into hiſ face, and pull awaie aſ much fieſh aſ they canlaichold vpon, and manie of them with their naileſ dopierce the brainſ ofaman. Ler, Aferſ . They vſe notto inuade or force vpon flockſ of ſheepe or Goatſ, yet whereſoeverthey edtiuttt= feeaDo ggethey inſtantly killand devoure him.The great Panther iſ atetrox to the dra— gon t CQO Io 4 & Of thePanther. — . 583 on,and ſo ſooneaſ the Dragon ſecthit, he fiyeth to biſ cane. The lefer Pantherſ or Auicen. %copards doonercome Wolueſ being ſingle, and hand to hand aſ we ſay, but by multi— tudethey ouermaiſter and deſtroy him, for if he endeuour to run away, yet they are ſwif— terand ealilyouercomeit. & Thereiſalſo great hatred and enmity betwixt the Hyznaand the Panther, for in the prc\cncc of the Hyzna, the Pardall dareth novreſiſt, and thar which iſ more admirable, Pliny. ifthere be a peece of an Hyeenaeſ Skinne about either man or beaſt, the Panther willne— Orue ver touch it,& if their ſkinſafter they be dead be bung vp in the preſence of one another: when the Egyptianſ would ſignifie how a ſuperiour waſ ouercome by aſuperiour, they picture tholetwo ſkinneſ . If any thing be annointed with broath wherein a Cocke hath beene ſodden, neither Pantherſ nor Lyonſ will ener touch it, eſpecially if there be mix— The terrer ed with it the iuce of Garlike: ot Pantherſ, Leopardſ areatraid of a certaine tree called Lcopardi arborLeopardſ—tree.: Pantherſ gſi;ſſz arealſo,afraid of the ſcullof a dead man, and runne from the ſight thereof yet it iſ repor— — ted that two yeare before the death of FraxciſKing of France, two Leopardſ, a male and a female werelet eſcape in France into the Woodſ, either by thenegligence or the ma— lice of their keeperſ, that iſ a male and a female , andabout Or/eance tore in peeceſ many men and Women; at laſt they came and killed a bride w hich waſ that day to haue beene married, and afterward there were found many carkaſeſ of Women deſtroyed by them, 20 of which they had eaten nothing but onely their breaſteſ : Such like thingeſ Imight ex— prefſe many in thiſ place, whereby the vengeantce of almighty God againſt mankind for many ſinſ, might ſeeme to be executed by the raging monſtery of wilde, ſauage,and vni— verſall beaſteſ. For thiſ canſe weread in auncient time how the Senatourſ of Rome gaue laweſ of pu— Iſi;*"ctsſigaiſiſi niſhmentagainſt them that ſhould bringany Pantherſ into Iraly, eſpecially any Affri— ******* can beaſteſ : and che firſt that gauc diſpenſation againſt thoſe laweſ waſ Cueivſ Aufidinſ the peopleſ Tribaxe, who permitted them for the ſake of the Crecenſiam gameſ : and then Seawrwſſ in the office of hiſ xdility brought alſo in an hundred and fifty : After him Pompey the great fourechundered and ten, and laſt Agwuſ?wſ that ener remembred and re— , . nowned Emperor,foure handred and twenty. Thuſ laweſ which were firſtmade by great * menand good Senatorſ, for the ſafety of the common—wealth,became of no great valew, becauſe aſ great or greater then the lawmakerſ, had a purpoſe to aduance themſelueſ by the pra&i 2 of thoſe thingſ which law had inſtly forbidden, for if thoſe decreeſ had ſtood effeQually , aſ the viGtoriouſ Championſ had loſtthat part of their vaine tryumpheſ, ſo many people had afterward beene preſerued aliue, who by the cruelty of theſe beaſtſ were either torne in peeceſ, or elſe receined mortall woundſ. It waſ not in vaine that the bleſſed martyr of Ieſuſ Chriſt Zg2azia#ſ, who waſ afterwardſ torne in peeceſ by wilde beaſteſ at Rome, did write thuſ in hiſ epiſtle to the Roman chri— ſtianſ concerning hiſ handling by the Roman Souldierſ, aſ he waſ brought priſoner out of Sria to Rome . A Sivia Remam v/if, cum beſti/ſ depugno per terram & maredie nolTteque P vinituſ cum decem Leopardiſ , hoe eft cum militari cuſtodia, qui ex beneficiſſ deterroreſ fiunt. From Syria (ſaith hey to Rome I baue fought with beaſteſ, being innight and day held in bondage by ten Leopardſ, I meaneten Souldiouſ, who notwithſtanding many benifitſ I beſtowed vpon them, yet do they vſe me worſe and worſe : and thuſ much for the crucity of Pantherſ and Leopardſ. Ehet Wee have ſhewedalready how they become tame, and are vſed in hunting,vnto which ;,, ginſand vnauoidable trapſ, to ſnare in the beaſt when he commeth to rauen. The Chriſtianſ of Ar ra 1c x ® did inſtitute a generall hunting of Leopardſ, inclo— fing the endſ of the waieſ through which the beaſteſ were to paſſe : The Leopardwhen he waſſtirred ranne too and fro diſtracted, becauſe in all hiſ paſſageſ he found Horſe—men ready to reſiſt him, ncither left they any way for him to eſcape: at length wearied with many windingeſ, turningeſ, and prouocationſ, the Horſe—men might eaſily come vnto him and pearce him with their ſpeareſ, but if it fortuned that the L eopard eſcaped, and brake away from the Hunterſ ; then hee at whoſecorner hebrake forth, waſ bound by an— cient cuſtome to make the reſidue a divner or banguet . Among the Chaonianſ there waſ a certaine young Noble man which loued a Virgin called Apz/jppe, the which two louerſ were walking together a good ſeaſon in a Wood 3 Ithappened whilethey were there, that C#chy>eſ theKingſ Sonne proſecuted a Pardall in bunting, which waſ fled into that Wood , and ſecing him, bent hiſ arme againſthim and caſthiſ Dart : the which Dart miſſed the marke and killed the Virgin Anz//ppe, the young Prince thought that heehad ſlaine the beaſtg and therefore drew neare on Horſe—backto reioyce oner the fallof the game, according to the maner of hunterſ; but athiſ approch he found it far otherwiſe,for in ſtead of the effuſio of the bloud of a beaſt,(that which waſ more Jamentable) hiſ right hand had ſhed the bloud of a Virgin: For when he came to them he ſaw her dying and drawing her laſtbreath, and the young man held hiſ hand in the wound to ſtanch the bloude : for ſorrow whereof hee preſently fell diſtracted in hiſ mind, and ran hiſ horſe to the top of a ſharp rocke, from whence he caſt downe himſelfe headlong and ſo periſhed, \ The Chaonianſ after they vnderſtood thiſ fearefulaccident, and the reaſon of it, com— paſſed in the place where he fellwith a wall, and for the honor of their dead Prince buil— 40 ded a Citty where he loſthiſ life, and called it Cichyrmſ after hiſ owne name. Theirloue of Leopardſ and Pantherſ do alſo loue Wine aboue all other drinke, aud for thiſ cauſe Wize— both Bacchwſ waſ reſeimbled to them, and they dedicated to him : Barchwm tarroaſſm#—> — lagt cx Pardali, quod homineſ ebrij belluarum iſtirum ingenia referant , &> omnia violenter a— E454 quidam enim iracunda frunt Tanrorum inftar, & pugnaceſ ferid, vt Pardaleſ : ſaith Plato in hiſ ſecond booke of laweſ, they reſemble and compare Bacehuſ to a Bull, or Pardall, becauſe drunken men in all their adionſ do imitate the diſpoſition of theſe wilde beaſtſ, bothintheir folly and violence : Forſome ofthem are wrathfull like Bulleſ, and ſome of themwild apt to fight , like Pardalſ : Bacehwſ waſ alſo called Nebrideſ, becauſe he wore the Skinne of a hinde—Calfe, which iſ ſported almoſt like a Panther : and therefore a ſcarefun 50 man,or a drunken,variable and inconſtant man, iſſaidto weare a ſkinne of diverſ colourſ: utthe chiefe cauſe why Pantherſ were dedicated to Barehuſ waſ for their loue of_ſi Wineſ for all writerſ doe conſtantly and with one conſent affirme, that they drinke wine vato drunkenne®e : the manner and end thereof iſ eligantly deſcribed by Oppiannſ in thiſſort: When the inhabitantſ of Lybia do obſerue ſomelitrle fountaine ariſing out of the ſa_nd, and falling downe againe, (aſ in the manner of ſmall ſpringeſ which can not encreaſe 1:1((: \ great fa \| | ,%: C 586 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. greatrinerſ) whereat the pamtherſ and Pardalſ vſeto drinke early in a morning, before it belight.After they haue beene at their prey in the night time, the hunterſ comeand poure twentie or thirtie pitcherſ of olde ſweete wine into the ſaide fountaine, then a litcle way fromitthey lye downe and coucer them ſelueſ with cloatheſ,or with ſtraw, for their iſ no ſhelter either of tree or buſheſ in that Countrey. In themorning the Pantherſ ardently thirſting, and beingalmoſtdead for want of drinke,come vnto the ſame fountaine, and taſting of the wine drinke thereof greataboun. dance, which preſently falleth to worke vpon their braineſ, for they begin firſt of allto leape and ſport themſelueſ, vntillthey be well wearied, and then they lye downe and to ſleepe moſtſoundly, arwhich time the hunterſ that lyein waite for them;come and take themwithoutallfeare or perill: Thuſ farre Oppiqnmſ. : I e of their Concerning the vſe of their ſeuerall parteſ I finde little among the auncienteſ, partſ. except of their ſkinneſ, for the foote—men and aunctent ſouldierſ of the Mooreſ, did notonely weare them for garmentſ, but alſo ſleept vponthem in the night time. The ſhepheardſ of Erbjopia called Agriephagi doe eate the fieſh of Lyonſ and Pantherſ, al. thoughitbe hot and dry. The medicineſ of the Panther, or Leopard. e Aricem"ſ _1fthe chinne or hide of a Leopard being taken and flead be conuered or laid vppon the ground, there iſ ſuch force and vertue in the ſame that any venemouſ or poiſorſome ſer— penteſ dare not approch into the fame place where it iſ ſo laid . Thefleſh of a Panthec being roaſted or boiled at the fire, and ſmelled by any one which iſ troubled with the pal— ſic, or ſhaking in the ioynteſ, aſ alſo by them which are troubled with the bearing and continuall mouing or turning of the heart, iſ a very profitableand excellent remedy for the ſame. The ſame fat or ſewet of a Lcopard being mixed or mingled with the Oyle whichpro. ceedeth from the Bay—tree, and then mollified both together,,and ſo annointed vpon any one which iſ troubled with the ſcurfe or Mangy, the ſcabſ whereof doth cut or pierce the Raſiſ Skinne, doth preſently and without any griefe or paine cure the ſame . Thetwiggeſ of a Vine—tree being dryed and beaten into ſmall duſt or powder,and mingled together with the fat or greaſe of a Leopard, and ſo annointed vppontheface of any one who iſ grieued with akingſ and {wellingeſ thercon, willnotonely cure and heale the ſame without any Arfevſ _ paineor ſorrow, butalſo preſerue the ſame free ſrom blemiſheſ in the time of healing. ay The greaſe alſo of a Leopard by itſelfe, being annointed vpon the head ofany one who doth ſhead or caſthiſ haite or iſ troubled with the Foxeſ euill, doth immediately helpe and cure the ſame. The blood of a Panther being annointed vpon the vaineſ or ſinneweſ of either man or woman who iſ grieued with any ſwelling orakingſ therein, iſ very profi— tableand curable to expell the ſame away. The braineſ of a Leopard being mingled with a ' Ietle quantity of the water which iſ called a Canker, and wich a litrle Taſmine, and ſo mix— edtogetherand then drunke, doth mittigate the paine orach of the belly. The braineſ of the ſame beaſt being mixed with the inyce of a canker & annointed vpon the genital of a— ny man, dothincitate and ftir him vp to lechery, but the marrow which com methfrom thiſ beaſtbcing drunke in wine doth eaſe the paine or wringing of the gutſ and thebelly. The gall of a Panther being receiued into the body either in meate or drinke, doth inflant Iy and out of handkill or poyſon him which dothſo receive it » The right ſtone of aLeo— pard being taken of a woman of a farre ſpent age, doth reſtore vnto her, her menſtruall purgation being ceaſed, and doth make her to purge, if ſhe doe hartely receiue hir meate . more often, ; 50 of 29 eAlbertuſ OF THE POEPHAGYV $S. _______——————— \ Hereiſ a beaſt in India called Pocphaguſ, becauſe he fee— \I deth vpon heatrbeſ and graſſelike a Horſe,whoſe quantity he doth exceede double, for he iſ twice ſo big, hiſ raile iſ moſtthicke and blacke, the haireſ whereof are thinner then the haireſ of a manſ head : and therefore the Indian women make great account of them, for withthem they binde vp their own haire, platting it, and folding it in cu— riouſ manner, enery haire iſ two cubiteſ in length, and vpon one roote twenty or thirty of them grow togither: thiſ greatbeaſtiſ one of the fearefulleſt creatureſ in the World; for if he perceinuehimſelfe to bebut looked at of any body hetaketh him to hiſ heeleſ aſ faſt aſ he can goe, and yet although hiſ heart bee lighthiſ heeleſ be heauy , for ſaith my Author, Mag7ſ ſ/udioſe quam celer iter fugam peragit: That iſ, He hath a good will to run apace, but cannot performeit : but if he befollowed vpon goodſ\ wift Horſſeſ, or with nimble Doggeſ , ſo aſ he perceineth they are neare to 0 take him, and heby no meaneſ can anoyde them, then doth hee turne himſelfe , hiding hiſ taile, and looketh vppon the face of the hunter with ſome confidence, gathering hiſ witſ together, (yet in fearefull manner, aſ itwere to face out hiſ purſuer or hunter, that he had no taile, and that the reſidue of hiſ body were not worth looking after : but while he ſtandeth ſtaring on hiſ hunter, another commeth behinde him and killeth him with a ſpeare, ſo they take off the ſkinne and the taile, and throw away the fleſh aſ vnprofitable, Achanzſ for the other recompence their labour for their paineſ . Volateramnſ relateth thiſ a little otherwiſe, and ſaith that the beaſt biteth off hiſ owne taile, and ſo delinereth himſelfe from the hunter, knowing that he iſ notv deſired for any other cauſe. 3 Nicolauſ Venetuſ an Earle,writing ofthe furtheſt part orſprouince of Aſia, which hee AenexSiliiiſ calleth Afc/znm, and I thinke he meaneth Sezicſ, becauſe hee ſaith it lyeth betwixt the Mountaineſ of Jadia and Cathay, there are a generation of white and blacke Oxen which haue Horſſeſtaileſ, but reaching downe to their heeleſ, and much rougher . The baireſ wherecofareaſ thinne aſ the featherſ of flying Birdſ, theſe heſaith are in great eſtimation, for the Knightſ and Horſe—men of that Countrey doe weare them vpon the top of their lanceſ and ſpeareſ for a badge or cogniſance of honor, the whichI thoughtfitte to bee remembred in thiſ place, becauſe I take them to bee either the ſame with theſe Indian beaſtſ,or very like vato them. The 49 yo 588 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. T he Porcuſþine or Porcupine. Cannotlearne any name for thiſ beaſtamong the Hebreweſ, 5 and therefore by probabilitic it waſvnknowne to them : The Greecianſ call it Acanzhvcoireſ and Hyſ?rix,that iſ, /uſ Setoſa, dV, | a hairy ,or briſtly, or thorny hogge.for theit quilſ which they 2eB \ beare vpon their backe, are called both Pil#, ſer2,wil;, pinne, aculei, and ſpine, that iſ, both haireſ, briftleſ; rough—haire, ®* bin pinſ, prickleſ, and thorneſ . The Arabianſ call it Adaldil}, '2C \\ Dþ| and Adualbul, adubul, ctdulb_ns, andſome Aherha which by 4, | WV LP dEHZZ uicen and hiſ Gloſſographer , iſ defined to bee Mowtanuſ Eziciuſ habeuſ ſpinaſ ſagittaleſ ,an Hedghogge of the Mountaine, hauing qvilſ or thorneſvppon hiſ back which he ſhooteth off at hiſ pleaſure . The Graecianſ at thiſ day callit Seepzarh.— 7oſ which iſ derived or rather corrupted of Acapthocoireſ . The Italianſ call him Porce—ſpi. noſo and Hiſtrice or Iſtrice, Withpu\ an Aſpi'r:}tlon, the Spaniſſa}_-dgs P:ſicrga-qffi)in, theFrench Porc— eſpic,the Illirianſ Porceſpine, the Ilitianſ AMor/ka/ewijniiaſ , imitaring thercin the Germanſ which calla Sea—Hogge Fiz Meerſchwyn:The Germaineſ in ſome placeſ callit Taran,and in other placeſ Doryſehweyſ,that iſ a Thorny—hogge, by a fained name in iny— 19 tation of other Nationſ, and alſo Porcepick following the Italianſ, Spaniardeſ, French, Engliſh,and TIllirianſ : I willnor ſtand to confute them, who write that thiſ beaſt iſ a Sea. beaſt, and not a beaſt of the land, nor yet thoſe that make queſtion whether it be a kind of Hedghog or not, for withoutallcontrouerſie aſ the Arabjonſ, pliny, Albeytuſ, Bellunenſiſ, and other docaffirme, thevulgar Hedghog iſ Eziciuſ Sylueſ?riſ, and the Porcupine Ezici— uſ Montanyſ. Theſe arebredin In t a and Arrxicx:, and brought vp anddowne in Europe to be ſeene for mony : Likewiſeabout the Citty Caſſey» in T a ® 7 a x 1 a, by the ſightof one of theſe itappeared that it waſ three foot long, the mouth not valike to a Hareſ, but with a longer ſlit or opening : ſo alſo the head of the ſame fimilitude : the eareſ like to the 3 eareſ of a man : The forefeete werelike the feete of a Badger, and the hinderfecte like the feeteofa Beare, it hath a mane ſtanding vp in the vpper part right or direC,buthollow or bending before: Vpon the buncheſ of hiſ lipſ on cither ſide of hiſ mouth, their groweth The quilſ a forthlon g blacke briſtleſ . The generall proportion of hiſ body iſ like a Swineſ, andthey ſpeareſ. neuer exceede the ſtature of a Swine of halfe a yeare old. Thefoureformoſtteeth hang ouerhiſlipſ, and that which iſ moſt admirablein him , the quilſ or thorneſ growing vpon hiſ backein ſtead of haire, he vſeth for handſ, armeſ, and weaponſ. They firſt grow out of hiſ backe and fideſ, which are of two colourſ,that iſ partly black and partly white, which whenſocuer he pleaſeth, he moouethto and fro like aſ a Peacocke doth hiſ taile: they grow in length two., three, or fourec handſ breadthſ, they ſtand notin any confuſed order ofcolourſ, but in wellformed and diſtinguiſned rankeſ, being ſharp at the pointſ like a knife : Whenthey arehunted the beaſt ſtretcheth hiſ ſkin, and caſteth the off,one or two at atime,according to neceſſity vpon the mouthſ of theDogſ,or Legſ ofthe Hunterſ that follow ber,with ſuch violencethat many timeſ they ſtick into treeſ & woodſwherfore Solinuſ writeththuſ,and alſo Payluſ Venernſ:Cum capiuntur, ſpiniſ ſwiſ [ape homineſ, Cr caneſ ledunt: nam caneſ in eoſ prouoccati adeo irritant fer aſ illaſ vt ſimul contur— renteſ terga [nx4, quibuſ ſpima innituntur vehementer commoneant , at þ, innicinioreſ homineſ, & caneſ vibrent. T hat iſ to ſay , Whenthey are taken they many timeſ hurt both Dogſ and men ,for when the Doggeſ being prouoked by them, runne vpon the backeſ which 5* beare the quilſ,they are ſ far ſtirred,that they caſt them off vpon althat ſtand near them, and therefore they fight flying. The Hunterſ to ſaue their Doggeſ doe deviſe enginſ and trapſ wherein to take them; befide thequilſ that grow vpon their backeſ, they haue alſo ſome vppontheir headeſ and Neckeſ, which they never caſt off, but keepethem on aſ a Horſſe doth hiſ mane , Thlc Pil— The ſeverall} Bellonittſ 1 * » Sr SFPHD E ISIOIINENY i 90 0f EDE "Porcubine Hhh 99 Theden and foode., Thevſe of T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. pilgrimeſ that come yearly from Saint Zeameſ of Compoſtella in Spaine, doe bring backe gencrally one of theſe quilſ in their capſ, but for what cauſ_c Iknow not. The paceof thiſ beaſt iſ very ſlow and troubleſome vnto it, and therefore it iſ hardly drawne out of hiſ den, which it diggethlike a Badger,from which it nener goethfarre, but feedeth vpon thoſe thingeſ which are neare vnto it : It iſ a filthy beaſt,ſmelling ranke becauſe itlineth ſomuch in the earth, being wilde it neuer drinketh, and I thinke it eateth Appleſ,rootſ, and rindeſ of treeſ, and peraduenture ſnaileſ,andſuch reptile creatureſ, but being ta— med, it eatethallkinde of fruite, likewiſe bread, pycruſt, and ſuch thingeſ broken ſmall, It drinketh alſo water, but aboue allother wine mingled with water ; In the day time it ſleepeth and in the night timſ it wakerh, by which we gather, that being wilde it feareth the light, and thereforetrauellech in the night time for hiſ meatandliving. It iſ a genc.— rall live creature, and begetteth other in hiſ owne kinde : the female bearing the yoong oneſ in her belly, aſ long time aſ a Beare, that iſ thirtic daieſ; and allo it bideth it ſelfe fouremonetheſ in the Winter time like a Beare, but whether for cold orany other cauſe the Authorſ doe not expreſſe. In my opinion for cold rather then for any other reaſon, although there be ſome that affirme itlyeth hid in the Summertime, and commeth abroad in the Winter time, contrary to the courſe of allother beaſtſ, and therefore ſuch a paradox doth want the teſtimony ofſome credible writerſ ,which ſhould affirme it vpon their owne experience, or elſe it were requiſiteto bring ſufficient reaſonſ to lead their Readerſ to belecue it, but neither of both iſ diſcharged by them and therefore it iſ ſafer for vſ to follow Ar/ſeazle and P/iny, who hold the firſt opinion,then Albertuſ and Agricola who encline to the later. In all other thingſ both of their lying hid ,of their procreation, of the comming out of their caue and nouriſhing their yoong oneſ, they imitate the mannerſ and conditionſ of Beareſ. Concerning the vſe of their partſ I find none but onely of their quilſ, for with them it iſ ſaid ifmen ſcrape their teeth they will neuer belooſe, likewiſe women were wont in auncient time to vſe them for parting aſunder their haire in the toppe of their crowneſ, The fleſh of thiſ beaſtiſ like a hedg—hogſ, neither very naturallfor meate and nouriſh— the fieſh and ment, nor yet very medicinable: yet it iſſaid to helpe a weake and ouerburthened ſto— other partſ, macke, to procure looſeneſſe of the belly , and to diminiſh all Teprofieſ and ſcabbed ex— ulcerationſ and puſtleſ:Being ſalted it iſ good againſt the dropſic, and alſo very profitable aſ Platina writeth to be eaten by them, that cannot containe vrine in their bedſ : yet the Greecianſ attribute no ſuch qualitie vnto thiſ, but to helpe the ſtomacke and looſen the belly they attribute to the ſea—hogge, and againſt the leproſic ſcabſ, and incontinencic of vrine to the hedg—hog , but peraduenture the ſaying of Pliny (Ouede Herniaceiſ dieuntur ompia tanto magiſ valebunt in Elſtricey leadeththem to attribute theſe thingſ to the Porcuſpine. The powder of their quilſ burnt, drunk or eaten in meatſ or broth do promote and helpe conception : Thuſſaith Aw— cen, and herewithall I conclude thiſ ſhort dil— courſe of the Hedg—hogge. of ae 0 3 0 30 40 sO 591 J 20 ſſ/'l""'ſiſi\ //7- 3 k (4 — 2 dun)))/),") he " "m < //ffi/,/ I)) ;ſi/ o . " ffl/ o irebſ. ( ſi T :S \\\\\ M f | Sly (1 I n: \% \\ | W ® \—.\))\ . ( J Hiſbeaſt iſ called by the Latineſ Raxgifer ; by the Germainſ \Rcin, Reiner , RlintGer , Reinſithier by the French Raingier, and Rapglier, andthe later Latinſ call it Re/rguſ.It iſ a beaſkt __ . altogither vaknowne tothe auncient Grxecianſ and Latinſ, Z{ſi:ſiſ::e- except the Mach/iſ that pliny ſpeaketh of be it.: but wehaue — Thewd alteady in the ſtoryof the Elk,that Alceſ and Machiiſ areallone. Thiſ beaſt waſ firſbofall diſconered by Olanſ Magauſ in thiſ Northerne, part of the world, towardeſ the poale Artique, aſ in Noxway, Swerid, and Sceandinania, at Nowowſ — 4 the firſt ſight whereofhe.called it Raingifer, quaſſ Ramifcy becauſche beareth horneſ.on hiſ head likethe bougheſ of a trec.—. The ſimilitude of thiſ beaſtiſ much like to a Hart, but it iſ much bigger, ſtronger, and ſwifter. It beareth 3 . horneſ on the head, aſ by the direction of Valentineſ, Gramit, and Martinuſ axcheere expreſſed. H hoh 2 The 592 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Thiſ beaſt chaungethhiſ colour, according to the time of the yeare,andalſo acording tothe quality ofthe place wherein he feedeth, which appeareth by thiſ, becauſe ſomeot themare found to beof thecolour of Afſeſ, and ſhortly after to be like Harteſ. Their Tſifictſi:fſioml breaſt iſ ful of long briſtleſ,being rough andriged through the ſame. Thcleggcshairyct gſi'ſſ,ſſ, ** and thehooveſ hollow, clouen, and moouable, which in hiſ courſe he ſpreadeth abroade vppon the deepeſt ſnoweſ, without preſſing hiſ footſteppeſ farre into them : and by hiſ admirable celerity he auoideth all the wildebeaſtſ which in the vallieſ lie in waight to de. ſtroy bim. He beareth very high and lofty hornſ, which preſently from the root branch forth into two ſtemſor pikeſ, I meane.both the horneſ ſeuerally into two, which again at the top diſperce themſelueſ into pikeſ like the fingerſ of oneſ hand ; In the middle of the 10 horneſ there iſ a little branch ſtandeth out like a knobbe, or aſ a huckle in the hinder part of a beaſtſ legge, from thence againe they aſcend vpwardſ a great heighth, and doe grow broadattheroppe, where they are divided like the palme of a hand. The horneſare white, diſtinguiſhed withlong apparant vaineſ, differing both from the horneſ of Elkſ, and the hornſ of Hartſ,tromE/ikſ in heighth,and from Hartſ in bredth and from them both in colour andmultitude of brauncheſ : When he runneth he layeth them on hiſ backe, for when he ſtandſ ſtil, the loweſt brauncheſ comming foorth of the rootſ of the horneſ, do aimoſt coner hiſ face with theſelower brauncheſ. In the wintertime when he iſ a thirſt, and commeth to the frozen waterſ he breaketh Thevre o the yee : being wilde he lineth vpon ſuchfruitſ aſ hefindeth in the woodſ, eſpecially the 20 theirloweſt gum that commeth out of the Treeſ ,and alſo the moſſe that groweth vpon thenaymaking hoinſ, himſelfe ſhaddowed denſ and reſting placeſ in the mountaineſ : but in the deepeſt colde weatherhecommeth into the Mountaineſ of Naym»y,towardſ Mo/@berg, and other hiiſ. He iſ taken by the Countrey—people for private vſeſ,for hee iſ profitable!after he iſ ta— med, both for the plow and trauaileſ in iournieſ. The people called Lappior Lapponeſ,do vſethem inſtead of horſeſ and Oxen , for they haue a kind of Cart made in forme andfa— ſhion of afitherſ boat, whereunto they ioynetheſe beaſtſ to draw them, andthe Carter hath a conuenient ſeat fitted for him onthe forepart thereof, wherein he ſitteth withhiſ legſ faſt tyed to the cart, to the intent he be not caſt off when the beaſt runſ ſpeedily che carricth tlie raineſ whereby he gouerneth them in hiſ left hand , and in hiſ right hande a 35 ſtaffe, wherewithall he ſuſtaineththe ® cart when it iſ in daunger of falling, and in thiſ/ courſe they wilcontinue indefatigabletwenty Germainmileſ\ a day, which iſ more then threeſcore Engliſh mileſ. At night when the beaſtſ are vnyoaked , of their owne atcord, without guide or leader they wil go to their feeding placeſ, or ac— euſtomed ſtableſ It iſ a very ſociable creature, for they do line togither in _ heardeſ abouea thouſand in a flock, wherunto it may be the Lord aluded in the 50. Pſalme, when he ſide by : : themouth of A/@ph, All the beaſtſ of = the frelde are mine, and the floackeſ of thonſandſ which run wilde on the hilleſ. 'The femaleſ want horneſ, and theyr milke iſ the greateſtpart of foode to thoſe Northerne people : they have bin ſeeneat Aw/pwree in Germany ſadled and bridted, 50 for in their trauaileſ they neednothaue any prouender carriedwith them, for if yeturne them out in the midſt oft the winter, they find certaine rooteſ and moſſe vnder the ſnowe whereofthey eat, and contentthemſelueſ.Their beſt food iſ graſſe.They are vſed both in Muſcoria , Polonia, Bohemua; Scandinania, and Maſſenia, yet they can endure no heate, for being broughtinto S0hewia they dy. refmic prSvricn 49 Soaalllul—: Thett Of the Reyner,or Raginger. 193 Their carteſ which they draw muſtbe made with a ſharpeedge at the bottome like a boat or ſhip aſ we have ſaid already , for they are not drawne vpon wheeleſ, but like draieſ andfleadſ vpon the earth . There waſ a Zapprian which bronght one of theſe into Ger— many in December, and he profeſſeth he neuer felt ſo much heat of the Sun in al hiſ life aſ bee did at that time , which iſ our coldeſt time in the yeare, and therefore how great iſ the cold which both men and beaſtſ endure in that country, 19 endo t P 1 daot 2 V , AR——_— // hP 77 20 '?%;ſſſiſſſſ,ſſſſ,,,n.//.[zſl//////l//ffi////ſſ — \ 2tÞ VT WZ 4 2 TT ſi///ffl > that iſ, whatſocuer it iſ ſet to, either it caſteth it vp into the aire, or elſe boreth it through thoughit be Itron or ſtoneſ. & Excheriuſ ſaith that the Rhinoreroſ hath two horneſ in hiſ noſe, but that iſ viterly falſe, ;ſzs you may ſee by the picture : Although Martialllceme to expreſſe ſo much intheſe vert— eS3 Namd, graxem corny geminſ ſic extulit vyſum TIalat vt impoſitaſ Taurnſ in aſtr a pilaſ . The Rhinoceret caſt vp a Bearc into theaire, cuen aſ a Bull would do a ball which werelayd . vpon hiſ two horneſ we ſhall not neede to apply Gemizocormn to the Bull, aſ Politicnuſ doth, but rather take it figuratinely for a ſtrong horne, and if it muſt needſ be litterall, it ——iſ apparant by the pr&ure thatthereiſ another lttle horne, not vpon the noſe, but vppon the wither of the beaſt, I meane the top of hiſ ſhoulder next to hiſ necke, ſo that the error . of Excherinſlyeth not in the number, but in the place, andthat it may appeare that thiſ: horne iſ not a fained thing, Paw/azivſ aboue two thouſand yeare ago writeth thuſ; Lhizo— ceroti in ſurmmo naſo cornu ſingulare eſt ,&7 alind ſupraipſum non magnum in capite nullum. I1 do marnaile how it came to paſſe that men which can mocke and deride ocherſ cunning® ly ſhould be called proncrbially Mu/#z/ kowaneſ, except the prouerbe weretaken fromthe Rhinoceroſ, who by reaſen of hiſ crooked horme iſ ſaid to hauea erooked noſe; for indeede 20 a deformed noſe iſ more ſubieA to deriſion then any other part or member of the body, which cauſed Adarziall to write thuſ — — E Maioreſ nunguamſy houchi inveneſg, ſeneſg,, Et pueri naſtimn Rhinocerotiſ habent. Andtherecupon Zorace alſo ſaith thuſ : Naſo ſuſpendiſ adunco. — Oppianuſ ſaith,that there waſ nevuer yet any deſtinGion of ſexeſ in theſe Rhimuceroreſ : for allthat ener were found were maleſ and not femaleſ,—but from hencelet no body gather that there are no femaleſ, for it were impoſſible that the breede ſhould continue without femaleſ, and therfore Plipinſ and Soliyeſ ſay ,thatthey engenderor admit copulationlike 30 Elephantſ, Cameiſ, and Lyonſ. "* _ When they are to fight they whet their horne vpona ſtone, and there iſ not only a dif— cord betwixt theſe beaſtſ and Elephantſ for their food , but a naturall deſcription anden— mity : for it iſ confidently affirmed,, that when the Ebimorerot which waſ at 27 ſborne, waſ brought into the preſence of an Elephant, the Elephant ranaway from him. How and in what place he ouercommeth the Elephant we haue ſhewed already in hiſ ſtory, name— ly, how he ſaftuethhiſ horne in the ſoft part of theElephanteſ belly. Hee iſ taken by the ſame meaneſ that the Pr/coyze iſ taken, for it iſ ſaid by Alberzuſ, Iſidoruſ, and Alunnuſ, thatabouec all other creatureſ they louc Virginſ, and that vato them they will come be they neuer ſo wilde, and fall a ſleepe before them, ſo being aſleepe they arecaſily taken and .carried away. P " — 4 — All the later Phyſitianſ doattribute the vertue ofthe Pr/cyryſ horne to the Rhiwarerotſ horo, but they are deceited by imitation of 7//dorwſ and Alberzuſ : for thereiſnone ofthe auncient Graecianſ that have euer obſernued any medicineſ in the Rh/pocera;. The Indianſ make bottelſ of their »kinſ,wherein they put their Zyc/ow,or ſnccum: medicatum ,and there= fore I wilconclude thiſ ſtory ,with the riddle of Fraumciſewſ niger made vpon the excellen; ty of the horne that groweth vpon the noſe. _ — Dic mihi que ſuperiſ ſint acceptiſſima donſ, VWWhereunto the anſwer iſ made in the next verſe: Principium naſi Rhinocerotiſ amaut, Of o o aiin on! er a ſ SJooetne a darre 9 3 i 0 0 597 t he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſlſ. OF THE SHEEPE. | He Hzbreweſ haue dinerſ nameſ , whereby they ſignifiea ſheep ,& al that kind,aſ Zo, and Zozcth,for whichthe Sep— tuagintſ do alwaieſ render P@L.zt/l, ſheep or little cattle, The Arabianſ Gepaſ. "The Chaldeanſ A#@. The Perſianſ Goſpand , alſo Rachel in Hrbrew : the plprall whereof g\ iſ Rechelin: which ſignifieth ſheepe : Kebeſeh, and Kabſ/a, 153 or Kib/1, Eſay 53.Tabel,Neelamah;that iſ a dombe ſheep, wherethe Hebreweſ haue Xarhbel, there the Chaldeſ tran . ſlate Ruchlak. The Arabianſ Akalak.The Perſianſ Chomeſ— chan thu. Kebeſ and Kib/a ſignifie a Sheepe, male and fe— male vnder a year old, and AZ/,and Zel for a ſheep aboue a year old male & female.: In Lenit. 2 2 ,the Chalde tranſlateth tor I('elſiffi,lmar.Thſſc [_\l'abi_ans Egel® The Perſianſ Bara, and Keſeb in Hocbrew iſ the ſame that Kebeſch. geb alſo ſignifiech a ſheep alkhonghitbeſometime taken for a Lamb or Kid. Likewile Thaleh m_]d Thelch Eſa, 40. ſignifieth a Lambe that ſucketh . And Epiphaninſ writeth, that by the ſame word the Hxbrew Aſtronomerſ ſignified the ſigne Arreſ inthe Zodiacke. The Sarazenſ at thiſ day call a ſheep Gavere, and cattle Garien, and the dung of cattle Zara Garien. The Grexcianſ 20 callaſheepe Oyſ, and Probaton, the Latinſ Owiſ, and by excellency Pecmſ, the Italianſ P— cora, the French zBrebſſ,the Spaniardſ Ow@c#a, the Germanſ Schaff,the Illirianſ Oweze, or Skop. Theſe and ſuch like I might adde more concerning the nameſ of thiſ beaſt, and the aboundance of the nameſ thereof in the Hzbrew tongue, iſ a notable teſtimony ofthe ſingular account which God himſelfe made of thiſ beaſt . The Latinſ haue ſo honored it thatafter it they hane named many of their children, & ſtorieſ make mention of moſtno— bleand gallarit men,ſo called. Suchwaſ Owininſ Camilluſ, Senernſ Oninin ſ , Fabiuſ Max= imuſ Ouiculuſ, Oilycuſ, Oilentſ Aiax, Oie,the wile of Charhippuſ, and many ſuch other, if it were neceſſary to thiſ ſtory to relate them, but I will not trouble the Reader with any fuch vnneceſſary circumſtanceſ.I wil therfore firſtof al begin with a relation of the ſheep 30 The deſcrip— Of other countrieſ,& {o in the end mike a more particular diſcouery of our own at home, vonof diue'ſ For the diffcrence of tegionſ dovery much enlighten the diſcription or hiſtory of ſheep. g to It iſ reported that about E7»rÞ7ez, one of the Iſlandſ ofthe Gadeſ,there iſ ſuch aboundance of goodpaſture and hearbſ ſo gratefulto ſheep, thatit they be not let blood once in thit= ty daieſ, they periſh by ſulfocation , and that the milke of thoſe ſh eepyceldeth no whay, wherewithall they make aboundance of cheeſe, "altbough they poure water into it» The herbſgeofthatIſland iſ dry ,& yet profitable to catle and milch beaſtſ, and.from thence came thc originall of the fat cattle of Cepop. The ſheepe of Gixcia are leſſer then the ſheep of Egypt, and the' Oweſ Pirrhice, were like Boneſ Pirrhieſ, namely, of excecding ſtature,which name waſ deryued from 2P»7rkzſ their maiſter and owner: Among the 2///— 4 liagſ in Tndia, their Ramaſ are no greater then our Lambſ, and Acchylideſ in hiſ bookſ of huſbandry affirmeth;,that the fflbſic{:ſſ}_i_cſi of the T/le Chinzſ, are very ſmall, and yet their Milke maketh very lawdable checſc. In Sprin theit beſt ſheep haue black fleeceſ: at Polenria near the Alpeſ they are gray or honywolled in Aſia and Bexica, called Erythrea ythey arered like Toxeſ, and fromthence cime the tearme of Erjthree Oneſ, At Canu/ſium the ſheepe are yellow, or Zion tauny ,and ſo alſo at Tazentum. AIſfriaand Liburnia, yeald ſhcep ha— uingwooll which iſ ſo coutſe and rough, that it may rather ſeeme to be haire then woell, and therefore never fit for fine garmenteſ, nor for any other vſe, except by the ſingular artofſpinning in Portugal. And the like to thiſ iſ the wooll oftheſheep ofſiPſſrſi/tſierm, and in Egypt, of whichlatter it iſ ſuid, thatif it be dyed againe after it iſ thred—bare, it will endure 5 almoſtfor ever. For the ancienteſ (aſ Flompy writeth) had the vſe hcsrcoſſſ(althoughthe thread were rough) in their workeſ of Tapiſtry, and thiſ waſ d reſſed diverſ waieſ, for the French in Europe digſſe it one way ,and the parſhzavſ in Aſia another way. The ſheep of Apuliagayethe—name to Zavſ Iralica, for excellentwooll, and yet waſ it ſhortand courſe, good for nothing but for elokeſ to ridein,and weare in rainy weather' & } ynto Of the Sheepe. yntotheſe I may addethe Calabrian, AWleſſam, and Arentinean {I hbeepe, yet in the dayeſof Varve they coucred their ſheepſ with other ſkinſ to keepe the Woollboth fromloſſe, and other infedion, ſo that it might be the better waſkied, dyed ,and prepared, for theſe ;ffi-c nouriſhed moſtof all in houſeſ. . The Freach Sheep about Alzivaſ,and alſo thoſe that areſcabbed or folded in the plain and barren fieldſ of Paryza & Mutina. The ſheep of Zeluctia feed in the topſ of the Moun— taineſ , whileſ the Goateſ keepe beneath among the treeſ and gather fruitſ on the ſideſ of thehilſ. The Flemmiſh ſheep haue a ſoftand curled haire. There be in generalltwo kindſ of Sheep, one called TeeZwm, the other Colonicumſ, aſ if you would ſay houſe—theep, ardfield—ſheep, for the Grzecian ſheep which before we haue called Tarentine, and were alſo called Zeriz#ing, becauſe of their ſoft wool lined in houſeſ, and they were alſo called Pc/#ze, but thefield—ſheepe hauing by nature a greater, courſer, and rougher haire, are ſuffered to lodge abroad in the fieldeſ. Likewiſe the ſheepe of Mylecwm and Attica, and the region Gadilonea, reaching to Ar— meniayhaue very ſoft and gentle wooll, which thing ſildome commeth to paſſe in Poweuſ or Capadocia . In Scotland al{o in a place thereof, called by FTecFor Boethinſ Buthuguhania are great ſtore of ſheepe,bearing good wooll, from whence almoſt all that country fetch theirbreed . The Sheepe of E#hi/opia beare no wooll at all, but in ſtead thereof their haire iſ rough like Camelſ haire . Amongeſtthe Ab/dewe, and the Bewdiani, both Aelianuſand 20 Nicomachuſ the Sonne of Ariitotle do teſtifie,that all their ſheepe are blacke , and that therewaſ nener white ſhecpe bred in thoſe Countrieſ . In Gorzy2iſ their Sheepearered and hanefourehorneſ: In the forrunate Iſlandſ ofthe red—ſea allthcir Sheepeare white, and none of them haue crooked horneſ . In 3e07:a there are foure Riuerſ which worke ſtrange effectſ vpon Sheepeafter they drinke of them 5 namely, Melaſ, Cephiſuſ, Peniuſ, and Xapthuſ. The Sheep drinking of Melaſ and Pexinſgrow black,of Cephiſwſ white,and yet Pliny ſaith, that thiſ River commeth forth from the ſame fountaine that Afe/ſſ doth. They which drinke of Xazrhwſ grow red : I might adde hereunto another ſpeciall obſeruation of difference betwixt the Sheepe of Pentwſ and Nuxuſ, for in Pontuſ they haue no gaule, andin Naxwſ they haue two gauleſ. * n ſome partſ of India their Sheepe and Goateſ are aſ big aſ Aſſeſ, and bring forth 4. Lambeſ atatime, but never leſſethen three both Sheepe and Goateſ . The length of their taileſ reacheth downe to their hinder Legſ, and therefore the ſhepheardeſ cut them off by the ſecretſ, to the intent that they may better ſuffer copulation, and out ofthem being ſo cut off , they expreſſe certaine oile; alſo they cutaſtunder the taileſ of theRamſ, the endſ whereof do afterwardſ cloſe ſo nearely and naturally together,that there appea— rethnot any ſear ornote of the ſecGion. In Syria and India, the taileſ of their Sheepeare acubitbroad. There are iwo kinde of ſheepe in Arab/a, which are diſtinguiſhed by thelengthand breadth of their taileſ :the oneſort haue taileſ three cubitſ long,by reaſon whereofthey arenotſuffered to drawthem on the ground for feare of wounding; and therefore the 4 ſhephardſ deviſe certaine enginſ of wood to ſupportthem : the other kind of ſhcep haue taileſ like the Syrian ſheepe. Al ſheepe that line in hot and dry regionſ haue larger taileſ, and harſher wooll, but thoſe that live in the moy ſt regionſ and ſault placeſ, haneſofter woolland ſhorter taileſ. There were two of the Arabiax Sheepe broughtinto England a— bout the yeare 1560. whoſe pi&ureſ were taken by Do/Zer Cay, and therefore I haue ex— preſſed them in the page following with their deſcription. © The 599— \ ) | | | | 4 600 . T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The deſcrip— tion of the Arabian ſhcepe. ][Mntczmpmgum Fur. There iſ no differencebetwixt theſe Ramſ and othe The Arabian ſbeepe with a broad taile. ouy ſſ*\\ i— (Dint ay \\\ } T 3 T \())zſi}\\\ſiſiſict 10 The Arabian ſbeepe with a long taile. 29 /r///\/\) ſ/////\ n 4t oy h o Core te rondy, 30 31 Hiſ Arabian thecp (ſaid he) iſ a little b Ngcr._ncn our vulgar ſhe ſimd buroh.ff,cſct.n_wonl , figure of t zſſſoy, and co y 1 ſixtofthcx:facctſi,areſizhxlmc_: he broad tail in the blf {\\ct.c loweritwaſ narrower, and like theend o 1 n S \}They being b\(:ugnſi(\u ſhip—board into F | famineand hunger,to eat not one yumſſcand hay, but fleſh,ſh, bre:c ter.Herodituſ ſaith, that ſuch ſſmdoxll eepeareno where found but in 2 tailed ſheepe he calleth Macrokerc05, and the broad tailed ſheepe plazen| fer ſaith, that theſeare of the -\finranincc"e for thuſ he writeth: }{{/.fdſlffz[)l'.ſfi-l[/llab A/jzdſſſicrmffifleſt,]/rem/ſſ wam in canda qui lati uſd, quo opintor eft , cr aſvior obtigit, ad co vt monnulliſ libr aſ decemn aut © land, were lat, ch ſiea C ctſiſin*'*cn broad tail, which cnermore aſ it groweſ in fitneſ growerh io bredth,for if t owneaccord, it hath bin found that the taile of one of theſe ſheepe haue we twenty pound, and not onely there, but alſo inEgypt, where they cram and ſheepewith Barly, Corne, anc ſhr.m by which n:cſſmuchf_y g;owſii notable to ſtirre themſelueſ, ſo that their keeperſ are foz:curo deuiſel childrenſ cartſ, whereupon they lay their t aileſ whe ſame zeo Afer affirmeth, that he ſaw mEg\ prt in a towne'called 24 Imſ,a hundred and fifty nule from Alcair a m]c of uncMu*ckzp cepe that w ſcorc pound, and whilſt he wondred at it, ſcarcel 2 wereſomepreſentſ thataffirmed it ro be an ordinary t writeth; natwhich hiſ ei or they ſaid according Of the Sheepe . 60% Se vidiſſe:qua femi ducenteſ libr aſ expendiſſent : T hat iſ, they had ſeeneſome of them waigh a hundred poundſ,and except jn the kingdome of Twz# in Aftrick, and Egypt, there arenone ſuch to be found in all the world, and by it;itappeareth, that all the fatte of their bodieſ goethinto:thcirtaileſ. Among the Garamantſ theirſheepe eate fleſh and milke, anditiſnorto be forgotten whuch Ariſkozle, Dieuiſiuſ, AferzandVaurrodoe write, namely that all ſheepe were once wild, and that the tame ſheepe which now we haue, are derined from thoſe wild ſheepezaſ our tame goatſ, from wild goatſ;and therefore Zarro ſaith,chat F_lſifffis St inhiſ daieſ in 24rig/atherewere flockeſ of wild ſheepe,whereof aſ out of Africk &the . ——— Region of theGagitſ, therewere aanually brought to Reme bothmaleſ and femaleſ, of jo fhange andadmirable colourſjand thathiſ great Vacleboughtdiverſ of themand made them tame: But it appearerhichattheſe wilde ſheepe or Ramſ wete Muſmonſ,of which we ſhalldiſcourſe afterwardſ ; Eor wild ſheepearegreater themtherame ſheep, being ſwifter torun, ſtronger to fight, hauing more croked and piked horneſy& thereforemany timeſ . fightwith wildeBoareſ andkillthem. 1 go 1 FSBINMWIEA—SfEHDN M5 The Swbuſ doth alſo appeare to be a kind of wild ſheepe, for,after that Oppianſ had. Oppizemſ; diſcourſed of the ſheep of Greete, hefallethto make mention ofthe Subwz, whichheſauth iſ of a very bright yellow colourdike the ſheepe of Creere, but theweoollthereof iſ not ſo. tough, it hath two Jargehorneſ vpon the forchead, li uing bothon the watetand on the land,cating fiſh, which in admiration of it inthe water gatberabout it &are devoured, aſ 26 weſballſhew aſterwardſinhiſ due place. The Golwſ alſoſpoken of Before & called Snake, ſeemetrhto be of thiſ kind,for it iſ in quantity betwixr a ſheep and a Hart,Ithathnowool}, and when it iſ hunted, the hunterſ vſe neither dogſ nor other beaſtſ to take it, but terrifie. itwithringing oflittledbelſ, at the found whereofitrunnethtoand fro diſtracted,andſo iſ taken: And thuſ much I thought good to expreſſe before the generallnature of ſheepe,of the diverſ and ſtrange kindſ in other nationſ, that ſo the ſtudiouſ Reader,may admire the wonderfull workeſ of God ;aſ in allbeaſtſ ſo jn thiſ, to whom in holy. Scripture he hath compared both hiſ Sonne:& hiſ Saintſ:and for aſ much aſ their ſtory to be mingled with the otherſ would havue been exorbitant and farre different from the common nature of vulgar ſheepe,and ſoto haue beene mixed amongeſt them, mighthaue confounded the o Reader: It waſ much better in my opinion to expreſſe them altogether,& ſo to proceede to the particularnature of vulgar ſheepe. t ſ 51954h yord abt07 And firſt of all the deſcription of their ouward partſ: the ſheepeought to be alargebody, that ſo their woollmay bethe more, which ought to beſoft. , deepe, an rough, eſpecially about the necke, ſhoulderſ , and belly, and thoſe that were not ſo. the auntient Graetianſ called Apako, the Latinſ Apice, that iſ, peild ſheepe, for want of wooll, which alwaieſ they did reie& aſ vnprofitable for their flockeſ : for there iſ no better ſigne aſ Pliny ſaith, of an acceprable breede of ſheepe, Ogam erurinm brenitaſ, & ventriſ veſtituſ. The ſhortneſſe of the legſ, and a belly well cloathed with wooll. t The female iſ to beadmitted to the male after two yeareſ old.Till they are fine yeare old they areacounted young, and after ſeuen voprofitablefor breed.In your choiſe ofſneep evermoretakethoſe which arerough with wooll evuen to their cieſ, without any baulde placevpon them, and thoſe femaleſ which beare not at two yeareolde viterly refuſe, a— uoidlikewiſe party colored orſpotted ſheep, but chooſethem that hane great eieſ,large tailſ, & ſtronglegſ: lenthem be yongalſo ,& of breed ,Mym melior eſt a etaſ,qui ſequitur ſhes,quct? ea.—qui ſequitur,morſ,cr probata eft progenieſ {i agnoſ ſolent procreare formoſoſ( ſaith Petruſ Creſcen: )that iſ,that age iſ better which hope followeth,thenthat which deathfol— loweth: and it iſ a good breed of ſheepe which bringeth forth beautiful Lambſ.And con— cerning their wooll, it iſ to be obſerued, that the ſoftwool iſ not alwaieſ the beſt, except itbe thicke withal, for Hareſ haueſoft but thin wool, and in ſheepe it ought to becontra— a tY and therefore the moſtfearefull hauethe ſofteſt haire, the ſheepe of Scyzhiſ in the cold countrieſ haueſoft wooll, but in Sauzopmzia they haue hard wool. Elorentinuſ preſcribeth that the fine wool of a ſheepeiſ not curled but ſtandeth vpright, for hee faith;that curled woolliſ eaſily corrupted or falſified. The head of the ſacepe iſ very weakeſ and hiſ braine not fat 5 the horneſ of the female : I i i ard "p The ſetierall Ojſi partſot ſheep 60% The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. are weake if they hane any at al, for in many'placeſ they hae none, like H indſ, andinEn. gland thereare both maleſand femaleſ that wanuthorneſ; Andagattie the Ramſ of En.— gland have greater horneſ then any other Rakiſinthe worlde, and ſometimneſ they bane foure or ſix horneſ on their head, aſ hathbin often ſeene. In Affrickethcitmale—heepe orRamſ are yearied withhorneſ, andalſo their femaleſ #and in Popz#3 neithermaleſ nor femaleſ hanue cuer any hotneſ. ente TDP5 DC" YoW SQ 5 31 Thieir cieſought to be great; and of a wateriſh coloury and all beaſtſ thatwant handeſ hane their eleſ ftanding farrediſtant on theicheadſ, eſpetiallyTheepe,; becauſetheyhad netde tolookedn both fideſ, and becauſe they are of a ſin} ple andharmeleſſe diſpoſition, aſ we ſhall ſhew afterwardſ? for the lircle eie, ſuch aſ iſ imn"Lyonſ and Pantherſ, betpolien craft and crueltybut the great cieſimplicity and inno ceney.Their reeth ftand in one gon— rinued row or bone, aſ in a horſe,burin the vper chap there areno foreteeth © the maleha— 2 uing more teeth then'the female. o There beſomethatwrite, that Virgill calleth ſheepe Bidenteſ; becauſe they hane but twoteeth, but they doeit ignorantly, for we may readin—Serainſ, Nigidiuſ and Nyniw, that Boareſ atrecalled pidenreſ, and al beaſtſ oftwo yearſ old, for they were firſt of all eal— led BSidenneſ qhaſiBienneſ, byinterpoſition ofthe letter Dilaccording to other wordſ, aſ we do not ſay reive ,but redireſnor yeamare,butredamareZrvior reargare , but redargure, and fo Bidenuiſ,for Bienniſ; becauſe ſacrificeſ were woont to bee made of ſheepe whenthey were two yeareſ old. 'If eber it bappen that a ſheepe hath but two reeth, it iſ helde for a monſter, andtherefore a ſheep iſ called/Ambidenſ,and Bidenſ,becauſe he hathteethboth aboue and bencath.The belly of a ſhcepe iſ like the bellie ofabeaftthar chew the cud. The mi\kcproccc'dcthfrom theventricle ormaw: The floneſ hang downeto the hinder legſ. The femaleſ hatie their vaderſ betwixt their thigheſ, like to Goatſ and Coweſ:ſomeof themliaue gilleſ, according to the ordinary cuſtome ofnature, and ſome of thera haue none at al, for in Povtaſ where by reaſon they cat worme—wood they liaue no gal—zikewiſe in calſiſ :ſome we haue ſhewd hane two galſ,and the Secithianſhcep haue gals at one time and not at another, aſ(Aelidzuſ writeth)for he ſaith in theverie cold Countrieſ,when ſnow and winter covereth the earth;there ſheepe haue no galſ ,becauſethey keepe withindoreſ | andvſe no change of mear,but in the ſumtmer when they go abroad againe to feed in the 38 fieldſ,they are repleniſned with galſ. ThereiſaRegion in Aſiicalled Scepſiſ, wherein they ſay their ſheepe bauelittleor no J [—) a 0 meltſ.Theraineſ of a ſneepe are equal; and there iſ no beaſt that hath them coneredwith farlike vato it.Sheepeare alſo apt to grow exceeding fat; forin the yeare 154.7. there waſ afarſheepe givien to the king of France in Pickardy, whereof the inwardhooneſ or cloucſ ofhiſ forefect were growneto be aſ long aſ 8. fingerſ are broad,chc toppeſ whereofwere Tecunited backwardlikethe horneſ of a wilde goat. Concerning their taileſ we haueſpo— ken'already, for the vulgar ſheep haue hairy taileſ like Foxeſ and wolueſ. Aud thuſ much ſhall ſuffice to haueſpoken of their ſeverall partſ. In the nextplace weare to confider'the food and dier of ſheepe,and thein their inclina 49 Theſood of tion,and the vtility that ariſeth by them, and laſtly theſeueral diſeaſeſ with their medicinſ ſheepeand inſtitution of ſhepheardeſ. and cureſ.. It iſ therefore to be remembred, thatthe auncientſ appointed Sheapheardeſ to artend their flockeſ, and there waſ none of great account but they were calledſheap— heardeſ, or Neat—heardeſ, or Goat—heardeſ, that iſ Bicoliſ?, Opilioneſ, and Acpolt, a8 WG have ſhewdalready in the ſtory of Goatſ : and the Gentileſ doreport,;that the knowledge offecding of Oxen and ſhcepe came firſt of all from the Nimpheſ, who taught Ariſtauſ in the Mand of co. The Grzecianſ therefore call a ſhepheard Priniem, that iſ a feeder, of poimanaime to feed; and the poetſ alſo vſe Poimazzor tor a ſhepherd, and the ſhepheardſ Dogſ that keepethe flocke from the wolfe, Pominitay kuneſ, forthe ſheep being not kept well, be onercome by the Wolueſ, according to theſaying of Virgill : "**_ Aam lapuſ infidiaſ explorat ouillia circum. And Owidlikewiſe ſaith : Incuſtoditum captat ouile Lupuſ. "The whole care therefore ofthe ſhepheard muſt be, firſtfortheir foode, ſecondly for their folde, and thirdly for their health, thatſohe may raiſe a profitable gaine, ci:hc}:ctto 1ſB, Of Sheepe. 60Z himſelfe or to him that oweth the ſheep:To beginwith the food. Their dietdothnot much differ from Goatſ, and yet they haue ſome thingſ peculiar which muſt now be expreſſed. TItiſ good therefore, that their paſtureſ and feeding placeſ looke toward the ſimn ſettin and that they benot driven ouer far or put to too much labour : for thiſ cauſethe gc;c?ci ſhcaphe_ard, may ſafſſcly feed hiſ ſheep late in the cuening, butnot ſuffer them to goearly abroad in the morning. They eatallmaner of hearbſ and plantſ , and ſometimeſ kill them with their bitingſ, ſo aſ they nener grow more . The beſtiſ to give them alwaieſ greene meate, and to feede them vpon landfalowed or plowed to be ſowne with corne :Znd al— thoughby feeding.them in fat paſtureſ they come to hauea ſofter wooll or haire, accor: go dingto thenature of their food, yetbecauſe they are of a moyſt temperament, it iſ better to feedethem vpon the ſalt and ſhorxt paſture: for by ſuch a dyet, they both better line in health, and alſo beare more pretiouſ wooll. In dry paſtureſ they are more healthy then in thefenny, and thiſ iſ the cauſe why it iſ moſt wholeſomefor them to keepe in plowed groundeſ, wherein they meete with many ſweetandpleaſant hearbſ, or elſe in vpland medoweſ, becauſe all moyſture breedeth in them rottenneſſe: he muſt avoid the woodſ and ſhadowy placeſ euen aſ he doththe fenſ, for if the ſun comenot vpon the ſheepeſ food, it iſ aſ hurtful vnto hime aſ if he picked it out of the waterſ : and the (hepheard muſt not thinke that there iſ any meare ſo grateſull vato hiſ catrle, but that vſe and continuance wilmake them to loath it, wherefore he muſt . provide thiſ remedy,namely to give themſalt oftentimeſ inthe ſummer when they re— © turnefrom feeding , and iſhe do but lay it in certainetroughſ in the foldſ, oftheir own ac> cordthey willicke thereof,and it will encreaſein them great appetite. eie ei In the winter time when they arekept within dooreſ, they muſt be fed withtheſofteſt hay ſucbaſ iſ cut down in the autumne ,for chat which iſ riper iſ lefſe noutiſhable to them: Inſome countrieſthey lay vp for them leaueſ,eſpecially greenEwe leauſ,or Elme,three— leaned—graſſe, ſowed—vineſ, and chaffe or peaſe, when other thingſ faile: wherethereare ſtore of vineſ they gathertheir leaueſ for ſheep to eatthereof without al danger and very greedily ,and I may ſay aſ much of the Olinve, both wild and planted, & diuerſ ſuch other plantſ, all which haue more vertue in them to fat and raiſe your beaſtſ if they be aſperſed with any ſalt bunior : and for thiſ cauſe the ſea wormwood excelleth all other hearbſ or food to make fat ſheep . And AMypdivſ writeth,that in Popzaſ the ſheep grow exceeding fat by themoſt bitter and vulgar wormwood.Beaneſ encreaſetheirmilke, and alſo three—lea— ued—graſſe,for that iſ moſt nouriſhable to the Eweſ with young.And it iſ obſerued for the fault which in latin iſ called Lax@722 (@gerum, and in Engliſh rankeneſſe of corne, there iſ no better remedy then to turnein your ſheep in May when the ground iſ hard, if not be— fore, for the ſheep loucth wel to crop ſuch ſtalkſ, and alſo the corne will thrine neuer the worſe, for in ſome placeſ they eat it down twice,and in the country about Babilonthrice, by reaſon of the great fertility thereaboutſ, and if they ſhould not do ſo,,it would turn or rup al into ſtalke and idle vaprofitable leaueſ. The ſame extaſic iſ reported to follow ſheep 40 when they hane eaten E50 ,that we hanue expreſſed already inthe hiſtory of goatſ,name ly, that they all ſtand ſtill, and. haue no power to goe out eftheir paſtureſ, tiltheir kee— per come and take it out of theirmouthſ. It iſ reported that they are much delighted with the herb called Zaſ/erpitinm which firſt purgeth them, and then doth fat them exceeding— ly: Itiſ therefore reported that in S. Cy7exe there hath bin none of thiſ found for many yeareſ, becauſe the publicanſ that hier the paſtureſ, are enimieſ to ſheepe. For at thefirſt cating thereof the ſheep wilſleep, andthe goat wil fal a neczing.In India, and eſpecially in the region of the Praſi@#ſ, it raineth many timeſ a dew like liquid hony falling vpponthe hearbſ and grafſe of the earth: wherefore the ſhepheardſ lead their flockſ vnto thoſe pla— ceſ,wherwithal their cattle are much delighted,and ſuchaſ iſ the food they eat, ſuch alſo 50 iſ the taſt of the milke they renderſ neither neede they to mingle honny with their milk aſ the Grzxcianſ are conſtrained to do, for the ſweeteneſſe of that liquor ſaucth themof that charge.—Sucb a kind of dew the Hxbreweſ call Mazpz4, the Grzcianſ Acromeleſ, and Dro= ſameloſ : The Germaineſ Himmelhung : and in Engliſh Honny—dew: but if thiſ bee eaten vpenthe herbſ in the month of May ;it iſ very hurtful vnto them.Wee hane ſhewed alrea— dythatinſome partſ of Affrickeand Et/iopia their ſhcepe eate fleſh and drinkemilke,and - it 4 Jii 2 1.7 0 3 Pluy, | \| | | | | . )ſi 604 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. itiſ apparent by ph/lo//razeſ, that when Apolloninſ trauailed towardeſ India, in the region Pegadeſ; inhabited by the Ovige, they fed their ſheepe with fiſheſ, and ſo alſo they doe a. mong the Caryanian Indianſ, which do inhabit the Sea—coaſteſ : and thiſ iſ aſ ordinary with them , aſ in Caz/a to feedtheir ſheep with figſ, becauſe they wantgraſſe in that coun. try:and therefore the fleſh of the ſheep dotaſt of fiſh when it iſ eaten, euenaſ the fleſh of ſea— fouleſ. The people of that country are called Ic/rbpophagi,that iſ fiſh—eaterſ +Likewiſe the ſheepe of Lydiaand Mſ/@dozia,their ſheepe grow fat with eating of fiſheſ. Acyinſ alſo e Areaunſ Wiltcth of certainfiſheſabout the bigneſſe of Frogſ whichare given vnto ſheep to be ea. ten. In Arabia in the prouince of Adeſtheir Oxen, Camelſ, and ſheep, eate fiſheſ after they be dryed, for they care not for them when they be green : the like I might ſay of ma. to . ny other placeſ, generally it muſtbe the care of the ſhepard to anoid all thorny and ſtony placeſ for the feeding of hiſ ſheep, according to the precept of Virgill; Sitibi lamitium cur . primum aſpera [ylua Lappetſ tribulig, abſint . ; Becauſe theſame thing aſ he writeth maketh them bald, and oftentimeſ ſcratcheth their Skin aſunder, hiſ wordſaretheſe ; , Scabraſ oneſ reddit cum tonſiſillotuſ , Ad hefit ſudor,Cy hirſuti ſeenerunt corpora, 3 53 Vepreſ. \ Althougha ſheep bencuerſo ſound, andnot much ſubie to the peſtilence, yet muſtthe ſhepard regard to feedeitin choice placeſ : for the fat fieldſ breed ſtraight and tallſheep, the hilſ and ſhort paſtureſ broad and ſquare ſheepe : the woodſ and Mountaine placeſ, ſmallandender ſheep: but the beſt placeſ of all are the new plowed groundſ. Although Virgil preſcribeth hiſ ſhephard to feed hiſ flock in the morningaecording to the maner ofthe country wherein heliued, for the middle part of the day waſ oner hotr, and notfit for cattel to eat in: yet other nationſ ,Ceſpecially Germany andEngland) and theſe Nor— thern partſ of theworld may not do ſo. The whole cunning of ſhephardſ iſ excellently de. ſcribed, for the ordering of their ſheepe in theſe verſeſ following ; E Thediſcripti . on of a ſheap Ezgo omni ſtudio glaciem vent of G, ninaleſ, ſiſſſi:'ſſ:{; v ſif;f Quo minuſ eſt illiſ cir k mortaliſ egeſtaſ, ® Anerteſ :victumg fereſ) & virgealatuſ Pabaula: nec tota clandeſ fenilia bruma. Aſ# vero Zephyriſ cum lata vocantiiuſ aſtaſ, In ſaltuſ vtrumd, gregenmſ ( owtſ C&y capraſ) at 3 in—paſcua Mitteſ. Carpamuſ : dum mane novum, dum Craminacanent : Luciferi primo cam ſyderefrigidarnra Inde vhi quarta, ſitim eali collegerit hora : Et yoſ in tener a pecori gratiſſimuſ herba eſt. Ad puteoſ, aut alta gregeſ ad ſtagnainbeto Et cantw quernlerumpent arbuſta cicade : Acſtibuſ at medijſ ombroſam exquivrere vallem Currentemiligniſ potare canalibuſ vndam. Ingenteſ tepdat rameoſ : aut ſieubi nigrum Sicubi magna Iouiſ antiquo robore quercuſ Twm temueſ daye rurſiſ aquaſ : & paſcere ruyſuſ LUicibuſ crebriſ ſaera nemuſ accubet vmbra. Temperat : & [altuſ reficit ianroſcida luna : Soliſ ad occaſiwm : cum frigiduſ acra veſper Littorag, halcyonen reſonant , & acanthida dumt. 56 When they returne from their feeding , the ſhepheard muſt regardthathe putthem not into the foldeſ hot , and if the time of the yeare bee ouer hot, let them net bee drinen to paſtureſ a far off,but feed them in thoſe which are neare and adiacent to their foldſ : that ſo they may eaſily have recourſe vnto the ſhaddow : ' they ought not alſo to beeturned out claſtering altogether,but diſpercedabroad by little and little, acither muſt they bee milked 26 48 Of Sheepe. 6dS milked while they arehot, vatilthey be cold a little,ſo likewiſe in the m ominſig,ict thein be milkedſo ſoone aſ day appeareth, and thelittle Lambſ be turned out vnto the which were ſhutfrom chem . But it their appearevpon the graſſe Spiderſ—webſ, or cob—webſ Whicſi bearevplitrle dropſ of water, then they muſtnot be ſuffered to feedein thoſe placeſ for feareot poiſoning,and intimeſ of heate and raine,drive them tothe hieſthilſ or paſtureſ which do moſtof all lie open to the windſ, for there ſhall the cattlefeed moſt tcmpcrztclyſi; They muſt auoid all ſandy placeſ, and in the month of Aprill, May; Iune, and TIuly, they muſt not beſuffered to feed ouermuch, but in OSGober, September, and Nou cxnb::r let them bave their full, that ſo they may growthe ſtronger againſt the winter time. The Z{o— xo manſ had a ſpeciall regardto chuſe ſome placeſ for the ſummering of their ſhcepe,and ſome plqcc for tcthcir wintering, for i_f they ſummered them in Apulraythey wintered tſmm in Semninſ , and therefore (Va77o ſaith) the flockeſ of Apwlia betimeſ in the morning in the ſummer ſeaſon are lead forth to feeding, becauſe the dewy graſſe of the morning iſ much better then that which iſ dry in the middle ofthe day, and about noone when the ſeaſon groweth hot, they lead them to ſhaddowey treeſ and rockſ, vatill the cooleaireof the euening begin to returne , at which time they drive them to their paſture againe, and cauſe them to feed towardſ the fun riſing,for thiſ iſ a general rule among the ſhZpchards: Quod mane ad [oliſ occaſum, G& veſpere ad [oliſ ertum paſcantur oneſ . That iſ, That in the morning they feede their ſheep towardſ the ſun ſetting, and in the enening towardeſthe 20 finriſing, and the reaſon of it iſ : OriainfermiſGmum peccori caput, anerſo ſolepaſſe cogen— dum. Becauſethe head of ſheepe iſ moſt weake, therefore it ought to be fed turned from the ſun. In the hot countrieſ alittle beforethe ſun ſetting they water their ſheep, and then lead them to their paſture againe, for at that time the ſweeteneſſeſeemeth to be renewed in the graſſe, and thiſ they do after the autumnall equinoGium. It iſ good to feede themy in corne fieldſafter harueſt, and that for two cauſeſ. Firſt, becauſe they are exceedingly filled withſuch hearbſ aſ they findafeer the plough, and alſo theytread downe the ſtub+ ble,and dung the land whereby it becommeth more fruitfull againſt the next year. There iſ nothing that maketh a ſheep grow more fat then drinke, and therefere we read in hely ſcripture how Zacob watered hiſ Sheep, and the Daughterſ of Zezrh70 theirſheep, at what , time Myyſ@ſ came vnto them;thereforcit iſ beſt oftentimeſ to mingle their water with ſalty accordingto theſe verſeſ ; ! At cui lactiſ amor ,cytiſwm loto] j, frequenteſ, Ipſe maamu [alſaſi, ferat pr eſcpibuſ herbaſ Hine &r amant fiuvioſ magiſ : &r magiſ vbera tendunt, Et [aliſ occultum referunt in lace ſaporem. | | |: [*) \ — The reaſen There bee many that trouble themſelueſ about thiſ queſtion 5 namely ,for what cauſe the Y:Z:;ÞZF ſheep of England do neuer thirſt,except they ſee the water , and then alſo ſeldom drink,& England do yet haue no more ſheep in England then are in any other country of the world:Inſomuch ** &ink® 49 aſ we thinkeit a prodigiouſ thing that ſheepeſhould drinke : but the true canſe why onr Engliſhſheepe drinke not iſ, for there iſ ſo much dew on the grafle that they needeno other waterſ and therefore Ari/farle waſ .deceiued, who thinketh that the Northern ſheep had mor neede of water then the Southern . In Spaine thoſe ſheep bear thebeſtfleeceſ of wooll that drinkeleaſt . © In the Iland of Sepha/ene aſ we haue ſhewed in the ſtory of tha Goate, alltheir cattle for want of water do draw in the couldaire , but in the hotter coun— trieſ euery day once at the leaſtabout 9. or ten at clocke in the morning they water theiy ſheepe; and ſo great iſ the operation of drinkein ſhcepe, that diverſ Authorſ doreporte wonderſ thereof, aſ Valeyivſ Maximuſ, and Theopbraſtuſ, who affirme that in Macidenia when they will hauvethcir ſheep bring forth white Lambſ.,they lead them to the river A/%— 50 dtmon; and when they will baue them to bring forth black Lambſ,to the river Axi@ſ aſ we haneſhewed already. Itit alſo reported that the riner Seapzzzder doth make'all the ſheep to be yellew that drinke thereof : Likewiſei there are two Rinerſ in A»tavdriſ which turne ſheepeſromblacke to white, and white to blacke, and the like I might adde of the Riner Thraſfeſ, of thetwo Riverſ of Beoria, al which thingſ do not come to paſſe by miracle, but alſo by the power of nature, aſ may appeare by the Hiſtory of zacoh, when he ſerued hiſ fa— therin law Zabaz, Iif 3 . For 606 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſlſ. For after that he had couenanted with Zabaz to receaue for hiſ ſtipend all the ſpotted ſheepe, the Scripture ſaith in thiſ manvner : Thew Jacab tooke rodſ of greene Poplar, and of Hayjeſell, and of the Cheſnut tree , and pilledwhite ſtrakeſ in them and made the white appeart in the rodſ. Then he put the rodſ which he had pilled, into the guiterſ and watering trougheſwhen the ſheepe came to drinkebefore the Sſbeepe, and the ſheepe were in heate before the rodſ,aund af. teywardſ brought foorth yoong of partie colour , and with ſmall and great ſpotſ. And Tacob par— ted theſe Lambeſ, and turned the faceſ of theflocke towardſ theſe partic—coloured Lambeſ, and all manner of blacke among the ſheepe of Laban, [o he put hiſ owne flockeſ by themſelueſ,and puſ them not with Labanſflocke. And in enery Ramming time of the ſtronger ſbeepe, Iacob layed the 15 rodſ before the eyeſ of theſbcepe in the gutterſ, that they might conceane before the rodſ, but when the ſheepe were feeble he put them not in, and ſo the fecbler were Labanſ, and the ſtronger were Iacobſ.V pon thiſ aGion of the Patriarke 2Zacob it iſ cleare by teſtimony of holy Scrip— ture, that diuerſ colourſ layed before ſheepe at the time of their carnall eopulation, doe cauſe them to bring forth ſuch colourſ, aſ they ſee with their eyeſ : for ſuch iſ the force of anaturallimpreſſion, aſ we reade in ſtorieſ , that faire women by the ſight of Blacka. moreſ, have conceaued and brought forth blacke children, and on the contrary, blacke and deformed women, haue conceaued faire and beautifull children;ſwhereofthere could beno other reaſon ginen in nature,but their onely cogitation of and vpon faire beautifull men,or blacke and deformed Mooreſ, at the time of their carnall copulation. So that I would not haue itſeeme incredible to the wiſe and diſcrete Reader,;to heare 20 thatthe power of water ſhould change the the colour ofſheepe : for it being once gran— ted, that nature can bring forth diverſ coloured lambſ,being holpen by artificial meanſ, I ſee no cauſe, but diverſitie of waterſ may wholy alter the colour of the elder, aſ wellaſ whited ſtickſ ingender a colour in the yoonger : And thuſ much ſhallſuffice to haue ſpo— ken concerning the Summering of ſheepe. For their Wintering I willſay more when I come to entreate of their ſtabling or houſing. Now then it followeth in the next place to diſcourſe of copulation or procreation 5 # fſi}ſſ'f;?P"* for thereare diverſ good ruleſ & neceſſary obſeruationſ, whereby the ſkilfull ſhepheard ſheepe. muſt be dire&ed, & which he ought to obſerue for the better encreaſe ofhiſ flocke. Firſt ofall therefore it iſ cleare, that Goateſ will engender at a yeare old, and ſometimeſhcepe 30 alſo follow that ſeaſon, but there iſ a difference betwixt the lambeſ ſo engendered, & the other that are begotten by the elder : therefore at two yeare old they may more ſafely be ſuffered to engender,and ſo continuetill they be fiue yeare old,andalltheirlambſ be pre— ſerued for breeding; but after fine yeare old their ſtrength and naturall vertue decreaſeth, ſo that then neither the damme nor the lambe iſ worthy the nouriſhing,except for the knife, for that which iſ borne and bred of an old decayed ſubſtance, willalſo reſemblethe qualitieſ of hiſ ſireſ. There be ſome that allow not thelambethat iſ yeaned before the parentſ be foure yeare olde, and ſo they give them foure yeareſ to engender and breede, namely till they be eight yearcolde, butafter eight yeareſ, they vtterly caſt them off : and thiſ opinion 49 may haue ſome good reaſon, according to the qualitie of the region whereinthey line, for the ſooner they begin to beare yoong,, the ſooner they gine ouerſ and herein they dif— fer not from Coweſ, who if they breede not till they be foure yeare olde may continue thelonger, and for thiſ cauſe I will expreſſe the teſtimony of Albeyz»ſ who writeth thuſ : Oneſ parere v/#f, ad annum oct anum poſſunt , C ſi bene curentur vel in vndecimum fucultaſ poriendi protrahitur ,quod tempuſ eſt tota fere vita, oneſ in quibu/dam tamen terriſ mariniſ vhi ſicea & [alſſ habent paſeua vinunt per vigintic annoſ & partunt. That iſ toſay Sheepe may breede vntillthey be eight yeare olde, & if they be well kept vntillthey be eleauen» which time iſ for the moſt part the length of their daieſ, although in ſome countrieſ vpon the Sea coſteſ , they line till they be twenty yeare old,and all that timebreed yoong 5" oneſ, becauſe they feede vpon dry and ſalt paſtureſ,and therefore Arj/Zarle alſo ſaith,that they bring forth yeong oneſ all thetime of their life. The time of their copulation aſ Pliny and 2urzo write, iſ from May rillabout the mid— die of Auguſt, and their meaning iſ, for the Sheepe of thoſe hot countrieſ . For in Eng— landand other placeſ the Shepheardeſ protract the time of their copulation, and kccgc the Of the S heepe. theRammeſ and_Ewes aſunder till September or OGober, becauſe they would not haue their Lambeſ to fall in the cold Winter ſeaſon, but in the 17 pring and warme weather : and thiſ iſ obſerued by the auncient Shepardſ,thatifthe ſtrongeſt Sheepe doe firſt of all be— gin co engender and couple one withanother, that it betokeneth a very happy and foru— nate yeare to theflocke, but on the contrary, ifthe younger and weaker Sheepe bee firſt ofaliſtirred vp to luſt,and the elder be backward and flow.it preſagetha peſtilent and rot— ten yeare. Tyhey which drinke ſalt Water are more prone to copulation then otherſ, and com— monly at the third or fourth time , the female iſ filled by the Male . There iſ a greacſimi— yo litide and likeneſſe betwixt Sneep and Goateſ . Firſt, for their copulation, becauſe they couple together at the ſametime. Secondly,for thetime they beare theit young, which iſinemonthſ, or a hundred and fifty daieſ : alſo many timeſ they bring forth twinſlike Goateſ, and the Ramſ muſt be alwaie ſo admitted aſ the L aimbeſ may fall in theſpring of the yeare, when all thingſ grow ſweete and greene ; and when all iſ performed, then muſt the Maleſ beſeperated from the femaleſ againe, that ſo all the time they goe with young they may goquicetly without harme. & In their conception they are hindered if they bee ouer fat, for it iſ with them aſ it iſ a — mong Mareſ and Horſſeſ, ſome are barren by nature, and otherſ by accident, aſ by oner much leaneneſſeor ouermuch fatneſſ: . Ply#arch makethmention of an ancient cuſtome ,0, among the Grzzcianſ , that they were wont to drive their Sheepeto the habitation of 4— gener,to be couered by hiſRammeſ : And I know not whether he relate it aſ a ſtory ,or aſ a Provuerbe to ſignifie a fruitefull and happy Ramming time, I rather encline to the latrer becauſe he himſelfe ſaith in the ſame place, that Agenar waſ a wiſe and ſkilfull King, Mai— ſter of many flockeſ, whoſe breede of Sheepe waſ accounted the beſt of all that Nation, and therefore either they ſent their femaleſ to be couered by hiſ Rammeſ,or elſe they ſig— nified a happy coniunGtion of the Rammeſ and Eweſ together . Pliny writeth that ifthe right ſtone of a Ram be tyed or bound faſt when he leapeth vpon an Eew, he will engender amale, but if the left ſtone betyed—he will beget a female. Neare the Citty Parre there aretwo Rinerſ,one of them called 1W/iehwſ, and the other Charadruſ, and the cattlethat drinke of thiſ water in the ſpring time, do beget maleſ, and 3" therfore the ſhepheardſ when they bring their Sheep and Goatſ to that Rinerythey drive them to the farther ſide ofthe Riner, becauſe they would have more femaleſ then maleſ — for that vertue lyeth in one of the ſideſ, but their Kyne they ſuffer to drinke on that ſide; becauſeamong their heardſ the male iſ beſt, for Bulſ and Oxen ſeruethem for ſacrifice and to till the earth , and therefore the male in that kind,but in al other the female iſ more acceptable. Both maleſ and femaleſ are begotten aſ wel by the vertueſ of waterſ, aſ by the vertue of the Rammeſ , and likewile by the vertue of the winde : for when the North wind blow— eth for the moſt part maleſ are conceiued, but when the South wind femaleſ cand there— 49 fore ( Ariſforleſaith :) In admiſſur a tempore obſernare ſreciſ diebuſ habituſ ſeptentrionaleſ, vt coptraventum gregempaſcamuſ, &r cum ſpettanſ admittatur pecnſ, at ſifemine generande Junt , anStrinoſ flatuſ captare, ot ecadem ratione matriceſ incantur . That iſ to ſay , In the Ramming time you muſt obſerue the blowing of the Northerne windin dry dayeſ, and not onely feede the flocke againſt the wind, but alſo cauſe the Ram to leape the Eew with hiſ face to theNorth: but if youwould engender femaleſ, then muſt you in like manner obſerue the South winde . Vnto thiſ experiment doe Palladiuſ , Aelianuſ , and gallu- m://a,b agree, and theſe thingeſ are neceſſary to bee obſerued about the engendering of ambſ, Now after that the Ewe iſfilled by the Ram, the diligent ſhephard muſt haue aſ great 5o regard to keepe her from abortement, or caſting of her Lamb: therefore A7//Porle ſaith, if preſently after copulation there fal a ſhower,or if when they aregreatwith young they eat Wall—Nutſ, or Acornſ, they wil caſttheir Lambſ : and likewiſe if in time of thunder the Ewe with yoong be alone in the fielde,the clapſ of thunder wil 'cauſc abort}ncnc 5 and- the remedy thereof, for the auoyding of that miſchiefe, iſ preſcribed by Pliny . Tunitruſ (ſaith hey Solizargſ ouibwſ abortuſ inferunt remedium eſt congregare eaſ ut coetu inventur, fſ < that 604 Ariſtotle eAlbertugz Helpeſ for the copulagy anof ſheep, Mearieſ to make the Ramſ get maleſ or feſ maleſ, Alberraſ. The yeaning oflamibeſ, Bathiuſ : Alberinſ Tuſtody of Eweſ and yoong lambſ and meaneſ 30 encreaſe theirmilke, Ihe Hiſtoric of Foure—footedBeaſlſ. that iſ to call them rogether in timeſ of thunder, iſ a remedy againſtabortment. There. fore he requireth of a ſkilfull ſhepheard a voyce or whiſell intelligable to the ſheepe, whereby to call them together if they bee ſcattered abroad feeding, at the firſt auptaſ ranceandnote of thunder. It iſ alſo reported, that there are certaine vaineſ vnder the tongue of a Rambe, the colour whereof doe preſadge or fore—ſhew , what will be the co. Jour of the lambe begotten by them : for if they be all white, or all blacke, or all party co., Jouredſuchalſo willbe the colour of it that they engender. ſ Eweſ bring foorth for the moſt part but oncat a time, but ſormetimeſ two, fome.. timeſ three, and ſometimeſ foure, the reaſeon whereof iſ to be attributed either to the £o qualitie ofthe foode whereof they eate, or elſe to the kinde from which they are det ued : Fortherebee certaine ſheepe in the Orchadeſ, whi_ch alwaieſbring foorth two x one time, and many of themſixe. Therearealſo ſheepe in Magnetia, and Affrick, tha; bring foorth twice in the yeare: And Ariſtotle in biſ wenderſ writeth, that the ſheepeof Vmbria bring foorth thrice in a yeare, and among the Ilirianſ there are ſheepe and Goateſ, that bring forth twice in the yeare,;twoat a time, Ye ſometimeſ three, or foure, or fiue, and that they nouriſh them altogether, with their aboundance of milke, and be— ſideſ ſome of their milke iſ milked away from them. Egypr# iſ ſo plentifull in grafſe that their ſheepe bring foorth twice in a yeare, and are likewiſe twice lipped : ſo likewiſe in Meſapotamtia, and wall moiſt and hot countrieſ. ſ Many timeſ it falleth out that the Ewe dyeth in the yeaning of hir lambe, and ma— ny timeſ they bring foorth monſterſ : fo alſo doeall other beaſteſ that are rw/tipar4, he twixt a Goate and a Ramme,iſ a Muſmon begottten ,and betwixt a Goate buckeandan Ewe iſ the beaſt Cinizmſ engendred,and among the Rhztianſ many timeſ therearemix— ed monſterſ broughtfoorth, for in the hinder parteſ they are Goateſ, and in the fore. partſ ſheepe : for Rammeſ when they growe ſtrong, olde and wanton, leape vppon the female Goateſ, vponwhich they begetſuch monſterſ, but they die for the moſt part im. mediatly after the yeaning. Sometimeſ wilde Rammeſ come to tame ſheepe, and beget vppen theſe Lambeſ, which in colour and wooll doe moſtof all reſemble the father, but afterward when they beare yongue, their wooll beginneth to belike to other vulgarſheepe : when the Ewe iſ 35 ready to be delinered, ſhe trauaileth and laboureth like a woman, and therefore if the Shepheard hauenotin him ſome mid—wineſ ſkill, that in caſeſ of extremitie, he may drawe out the lambe when the memberſ fticke croſſe inthe matrix, or elſe if that be vn— poſſible becauſe it iſ dead inthe dainſ belly, yetto cut it out without perill and daunger to the Ewe, inſuch caſeſ the Grzecianſ call a Shepheard Embruoulcoſ. ' Hauing thuſ brought the ſhcepe to their deliuery for the multiplication of kinde, it thenreſteth to prouide that the new borne lambe may be ſecured from Dogſ,Wolueſ, Eoxeſ, Croweſ, Rauenſ, and and all enemieſ to thiſ innocent beaſt, and allo to prouide thatthe Ewe may render to her yongue one ſuſficientfoode out of her vdder ; therefore __ they muſt bee well and extraordinarily fed. We hane ſhewed alreadie the vſe of Salt, 40 and then alſo it iſ very profitable when the Ewe iſ newly deliuered of her lambe, for it willmakeher eate and drinke morelibcrally. In theWinter time for the encreaſe of their milke in ſteede of greene paſtureſ, and ſuch other thingſ aſ we haue expreſſed, it iſrequiſite to gine them corne, and eſpecially plenty of beaneſ. i For thiſ cauſe ſome preſcribe: to bee given to their ſheepe the hearbe Z4m7/a, which they affirmeto be profitable to be giuen to encreaſe milke, ſome the ſtone 64 laciteſ to be beaten to powder, and annointed vppon the Eweſ vdder, and ſome pre— ſcribe to ſprinckle water and ſalt vppon them euery merning inthehouſe or fielde, be— fore the Sunne riſing. . But herein I leaueeuery man to hiſ owne iundgement, hoping it will not be offenſiue 52 to any, to relate thoſe thingſ before expreſſed, and reſting in opinion that both the foode — thatiſreceined inwardly ,and alſo the ointmentſ that areapplied outwardly, will be ſuffi— cient meaneſ to procure aboundance of milke in the Sommer and Winter ſcaſons.N oW t 20 Of the Shcepe. , Go9 Nowtherefore itfollowethto entreate likewiſe of the Wintering of ſheepe, for aſ Ofthe Winz there iſ more coſt to keepe them in eold weath er then in warme,ſo it doth require at our ffiffii]:ſſſi;(f handeſſomedifcourſe thereof,. Then it behooueth youto prouide for them warme foldſ ſheepe: and ſtableſ whereof the Poet writeth in thiſ manner; Incipienſ, [labuliſ edico in mollibuſ herbam Carpere oneiſ ; dum mox frondo({a reducitur aſtaſ : Et multa duram ſtipula filicumgne manipliſ Sternere ſibter hummuin, glacieſ ne frigida Ledat, Molle pecuſ [cabiemþ, ferat turpeiſ ſ5 podagr aſ. to . .") hereby it iſ euident that the colde Winterſ doe beget in ſheepe dinerſ and many diſeafeſ , and for that cauſe it waſ the counſeil of a wiſe and learned man, that our ſheepe ſhould nor be turned out to feeding neither in cold or warme weather,vntill the froſt were diſſolued andthawed from off the grafſeandearth. The Tarentine,Grxcian and Aſian ſheepe,werewont to beal together kept in ſtableſ within dooreſ, lying continually vpon planckſ and boordſ boared threugh, that ſo their preciouſ fleeceſ might be the better ſafe—garded from their owne filth and vrine, and three timeſ in the yeare they let them out of their ſtableſ,to waſh them and annoint them with oyle and wine: and to ſane them free from ſerpentſ, they burned in their ſtableſ, and and vnder their cratcheſ, Ga/bamazm,Ceder— wood,y womanſ haire, and Hattſ hornieſ : and 20 of theſe Tarevtineand Grzecian ſheepe, Colwumeſ/ſ writeth in thiſ manner. It iſ in vaine for any man to ſtore himſelfe with thoſe Tarentine ſheepe,for they aſke aſ much or more attendance and coſtly foode then their bodieſ are worth ; for aſ all beaſteſ that beare wooll are tender and not ableto endure any hardnefle,ſo among all ſheepe,chere are none ſo tender aſ the Tarentinie or Grzecian ſheepe ,and therefore the keeper of them,muſt nor looketo haue any playing daieſ,nor timeſ of negligence or ſluggiſhneſle, and much leſſe to regard hiſ coucetouſ minde,for they are cattell altogether impatient of cold, being ſel— domeled abroad,and therefore the more at home to be fed by hand;and if by couctouſ» neſſa or negligence, one withdraw from them their ordinary foode, he ſhall be penny wiſe, and poundfooliſh : that iſ, ſuffer a great loſſe in hiſ cattell, for ſaning from them a 30 little meate. Euery one of them all the Winterlong,were fed with three pinteſ of Barley,or Peaſe, or Beaneſ,threetimeſ a day,beſide dryed Ewe leaueſ ,or vine leaueſ, or hay latemowen, or fitcheſ,or chaffe. Beſideſ , there cannot be any milke taken from the damſ, for at the firſt yeaning there iſ no more then to ſerue the little or leaſt lambeſ,and after a few daicſ, euen while they ſmell and taſt of their dammeſ belly , they were to be killed for want of ſucke, that envery lambe which waſ to be preſerued for breede might hane two dammeſ orEweſ to ſucke, and ſo the poore Ewe waſ forced to a double miſcrie ſ firſt to looſe her yoong one,andafterward to lend her papſ and milke to aſtranger. And moreouer,they were forced to nouriſh more maleſ then femaleſ, for that at two yeare olde they were aſ either gelded, or killed,;to ſell their beautifull Skinſ to the Merchantſ, ſo; their woo{l waſ ' moſtpretiouſ,by reaſoirehat neuer or ſeldome they went abroad to the fieldeſ : Their cu— ſtodie in the houſe from ſe erpentſ and other annoyanceſ, iſ thuſ deſcribed by the Poetſ ; Diſce &r odoratam ſtabuliſ incendere cedrum Galbancog, agitare graneſ nidere chelydroſ. Saepe ſub immetiſ pr aſcpibuſ , aut malat aftu Vipera delituit , celumg, exterrita fugiſt Aut teto aſſuetuſ coluber , In conſideration whereof, and of all the paineſ about the houſing of theſe tender ſheepe, the Poct teacheththe Shepheard or ſheepe—maſter to killthecſerpentſ, and daſh — Out the braineſ of ſmakeſ, ſaying : ct Cape ſax a manu, cape robora paſtor Tollentenſ G, minaſ, & ſibila colla tumentem. Deyce. — Thefaſhion Concerning the auncient formeſ ofthecir ſheepe ſtableſ, I find thiſto be recorded by offhcepe the auncientſ.Firſt, they made them low and not of any high or loſtic building,ſo ſtretch— 41 o "]D Palladiut Pet.( reſſ Cent, ier — f ) | | 610 The Hiſtoric of Foure—footedBeaſiſ. ing them out in length andnot in heigth, that it may be warme in the Wxznter time, for although there be no creature better cloathed by nature then a ſheepe»yet iſ there not any more impatient of cold,nor more apt to takeharme thereby. It muſt not be ener—broad yet ſo aſ the Eweand herlambe may lye both together, and the breathing place not leſt, open at the top of the houſe or thefideſ,for that willetin too muchayre ,bu.t at the doore or porch oftheir entrance, and that very low, that ſo the freſh ayre may quickly & eaſſly cometo their low headſ & bodieſ,& alſo their breath the better auoide out of the ſtable, They alſo had a careto coucer all the flower with ſtrawe or dry boared boordſ,,or ſome ſuch other matter, whereby they mightſtand continually dry and warm ,and alfo cleane 1; and (weete, to the end they might not be annoyed in their owne ſhn_@mgs; and therefore the floore waſ made ſheluing or falling low on the one ſide, or elſe of hurdleſ like baſkerſ to{et out their vrine, for they often make water fÞey _cient manner of their bargaineſ about theſe creatureſ:for when a man comeandbought ſold theepe. ſheepe, he made thiſ proteſtation to the ſeller : TamZ/ ( ſunt miki emptſ ? Towhom the ſel— 29 leranſwereth, ſ@: : Then the buyer draweth hiſ money with theſe wordſ 5 Sir #/a/ee aweſ, qua de re agitur ſamaſ reite eſſe,vti pecuſ ouillumoquodreie {anum eſt ,extra luſcam minam 1 . ventre glabro,neg, de pecore mor boſo eſſe, habered, recte licerejhac ſireite fieri reſpondeſ? <&c. Firſt, the Buyer ſaith, ſhall I buyetheſe ſheepe for thuſ much money :and ſo draweth hiſ money, to whom the Marchant or feller an{wereth, you ſhal: Then ſaith the chapman or buyer againe to him,do you promiſe me then that theſe ſheepe are aſ ſound aſ ſheepe ſhould be, without fault of winde or limbe, without blindneſſe, without deafeneſſe, withſ out peild bellieſ, not comming out of any infected flocke ; and ſo aſ it ſhall be lawfull for me to inioy them without all menſ contradiGtion , If theſe thingſ be true, then I will ſtrike vp the bargaine: and yet doth not the ſellerchange the propertie of hiſ ſheepe,nor looſe hiſ lordſhip ouer them vntill the money be paid. And hereupon it commeth to paſſe that the buyer may condemne the ſeller if the cattellbe not ſo good aſ hiſ bargaine, or if he doe not deliner them; euen aſ the buyer iſ ſubic& tothe ſame indgement, if he doe not deliner the price. And concerning Shepheardſ and the cuſtodie of flockeſ I may adde a word or two more: Firſtofall for the number of the ſheepe, how many may ſafely be kept in cuery flocke. There iſ no neede that T ſhould givue any ruleſ about thiſ buſinefle, for the auncientſ were wont to ſet one Shepheard oucr a hundred rough or courſewolied ſheepe ,and two Shepheardſ oucr a hundred fine wolled ſheepe : the common flockeſ wereſeauentie, or — foure—ſcore, and the Shepheard that followed them , waſ charged to be both vigilant and 49 IÞ: t gentle, and therefore hiſ diſcipline waſ : Dſ propivr eſſe quam domino, & incogendiſ, re— Shepheardſ. CPWA@Ai/que onibuſ ,. ad clamſatione, ac baculo minetur nec vnquam telum emittat neque aþ hiſ longinſ recedat , nec aut recubet , aut concidat, name niſi proeedu, ſtare debet quoniam grex quidem cuſtodiſ officium [ablimem celſiſſimamg, ocnlerum, veluti_ſpeculamſ,deſiderat , vt net, tardioreſ, & grauidaſ dumcun/&Tantur weg, agileſ & fat aſ dum proeurrunt ſeperari & catertſ Sinat, ne fur aut beſtia hallucinantem paſtorem deciptat : ſaithColumelia, He muſk rather be a guide vnto them then a Lord or maſter ouer them , and in driving them forward,or recei— uing them homeafter they haue ſtragled, he muſt rather vſe hiſ chiding voice and ſhake hiſ ſtaffe at them ,then caſt either ſtone or dart at them:neither muſt he goefarfrom them at any time, nor ſit downe but ſtand ſtil, except when he driveththem, becauſe the flocke defiteth the direction of their keeper, & hiſ eye like a loſftie watch—tower,,that ſo he ſuffer not to be ſeparated aſunder either the heauy Eweſ great with yong becauſe of their flow pace, nor yet the light & nimble oneſ which give ſucke, & are delinered of their yoong; whichare apt to run away leſt that ſome rauening beaſt or theefe deceaue the loytering ſhepheard by taking away fr6 him the hinmoſt or theformoſt. There may alſo bemoreiſ a flock of ſheep then in a flock of geatſ,bicauſe the goatſ are wanton & ſo diſperſe thenmt= 0 w» 0 we Of the Shcepe. Giti ſelueſ abroad,_bctut the ſheep are meeke and gentle, and for the moſt part keepe round to— gether: Yert iſ betterto make many flockeſ then one great one, for feare of the peſti— lence. i TIntle ftory of the Doggeſ we haue ſhewed already how neceſſary a ſhcapheardſ Dog iſto cheflocke, to defend them both from VWolueſ and Foxeſ, and therefore enery ſhe pſſ: heardmuſt obſcrue thoſe ruleſ there expreſſed, for the prouiſion, choyce, and inſtituti— on oftiſ Dogge :and to conclude thiſ diſcourſe of the ſheapheard, w bien the Lambſare ounghe muſtnor drine their damſ farre to paſture, but feede them neare the Towne, village or houſe, and hiſ ſecond care muſt bec to picke and cull out the aged and ſicke t Sheepe cuery yeare, and that in the Autumne or Winter time, leaſt they dye and infeZX their felloweſ, or leaſt that the whole flocke do go to decay for want of renewing and ſub— fitution of otherſ, and therefore he muſt ſtillregard that when one iſ dead, he lupply the lace with one or two at the leaſt, and if he chance to kil one at any time for the houſhold, the counſel of Arziphaneſ iſ profitable to bee followedſ IHlay tamtumſ mactare debeſ oneſ ex wibuſ nuluſ ampliuſ fructuſ ,vel eaſif wvel veleriſ, vel lactiſ, vel ignorum perniet. That iſ to kil thoſe ſieepe from whom you can netier expect any more profit by their Lambſ, milke; Checſeſ or fleeceſ. ® Of the diſcaſeſ of $ heepe, and their cauſeſ in 39 . 4 generall. =Z) N the next placeit iſ neceſſary for the wiſe and diſcret ſheapheard to a— $11 voide all the meaneſ whereby the health ofhiſ flocke ſhould be endange— Oftbe diſea= =| red, and thoſe are either by reaſon of their meate and foode thatthey eat, ©******?— er E l or elſe by reaſon of naturall ſickneſſeſ ariſing through the corruption of ACENMCELZODI blood, and a third way iſ by the biting of venomonuſ beaſteſ, aſ Serpentſ, and Wolueſ, and ſuch like ; and a fourth way, Scabbeſ, Gowreſ, ſwellingſ, and ſuch like outward diſeaſeſ. i 30 Ofvenomouſ meateſ or Hearbeſ vnto S/ſſaee[]e. ſſMWffl Here iſ an berb which the Latinſ cal 2Zr7b4 Sapguimaria,piloſellanummlaria, 5y [f—SB| and by the Germanſ & Engliſh cald Fenegreek,and by the Frenchbecauſe /— of the hort it doth vnto ſheepe,they vſethiſ circumſcription of it : Z heybe quitne leſ brebiſ . The Heatbe thatdeſtroyeth Sheep.ltiſ called alſo Ser— pentine, becanſe when Snakeſ and Adderſ are hurt therewith, they reco— uer their woundeſ by cating therof ; when a Sheep hath caten ofthiſ Hearbe,the belly thereof ſwelleth aboundantly, and iſ alſo drawen together, and the Sheepe caſteth out of hiſ mouth a certaine filthy ſpume or froath, which ſmelleth vnſauourly, neither iſ the poorcbcaſtable to eſeape death, except preſently hee belet blood in the vaine vnder hiſ taile nextto the rumpe, and alſo in the vpper lip, yet iſ thiſ Hearbe wholſomc to allother cattle except Shcepe alone, wherefore the Sheapheardſ muſt diligently auoide it. It iſ a little low Hearbe, creeping vpon the ground with two round leaueſ, not much vnlike to Parſly, it bath no ſauour with it, or ſmelleth not at all, the flower of it iſ pate and ſmelleth ſtrong, and the ſtalke not much vnlike the flower . Itgrowethin moiſt placeſ, and neare hedgeſ and woodſ. . If in the ſpring time Shecepe do eate of the dew called the Hony—dew, itiſ poyſon vn— .. to them and they dye thereof — Likewiſe caneſ in the Aurumnedo make their belly fwell * vnto death, if they drinke preſently afterthey haue eaten thereof,for that meat breaketh theirgutſ aſunder . Thelike may beſaid of Sauine, Tamariſke, Rhododendron, or Rpſe— tree, and alkindeſ of Hen—bane. Thefemale P/mperacil doth likeiwiſe deſtroy Shcepe, exceptaſſoone aſ they haue ca— ten of it they meete with the Hearbe called Feruſ oculuſ Wilde—eye, but heerein lyetha won— 0 The original It iſ reported by Zohſ Stowe, that in the third yeare of Edwardthe firſt, and in Appp 1275— there waſ a rich man of Fraunce,that brought aſhcepe out of Spaine (that waſ aſ great aſ a calfe of two yeare olde) into Norchumberland, and that the ſame ſheepe fell rotten, or to be infected with the Peſtilence, which afterward infectedalmoſt all the ſheepe of England : and before thattime the peſtilenceor rogrcnncſſc waſnot knowne in England, but then it tooke ſuch hold, and wrought ſuch effectſ, aſ it neuer waſ cleare to ſince, and that firſt Peſtilence gaue good occaſionto beremembred, for it continued for twentie and ſixe yeareſ together. And thuſ much for thiſ diſeaſe of the Peſtilence cauſed in Eogland for the moſt part in moiſtand wer yeareſ. Of Lice and Tikeſ. E cither Liceor Tikeſ doe moleſtſheepe, take the roote of a Maple tree, beate theſame into powder, and ſeeth it in water, afterwardſ clip off the wooll from the backe of the ſheepe,and 7 | poure the ſaid water vpon the backe, vntill it hath compaſſed 16 %Z| the whole body : ſome vſe for thiſ purpoſe the roote of Map.— dragora, andſome the rooteſ of Cypreſſe, and I find by good Authorſ, that allofthem are equiuolent to rid the ſheep from »SPSHSBP| theſe anoyanceſ:to conclude therfore the diſcourſe of ſheepſ | 12 PE——Vupkuke? I diſeaſeſ, it iſ good to plant neare the ſheepe—coateſ, and pa— ureſ of ſheepe, the hearbe A/y/on, or wilde gallow—grafſe,for it iſ very wholeſome for Goateſ, and ſheepe,likewiſe the flowerſ of worme—wood dryed and beaten to powder gi— ven vnto ſheep with ſalt, doth aſſwageall inward diſeaſeſ and paineſ, andalſo purgethem throughly. T nge IYxicc of Centorie iſ very profitable for the inward diſeaſeſ of ſheepe, & likewiſe 36 the flowerſ of Tuey, the hoome tree hath foure kindſ of fruite, two proper, the nut.and the grraine,two improper,theline,and hiphear,thiſ hipheare iſ very profitable for ſheep, and it iſ nothing ellebut a confection made out of the barkſ of the hoome—tree: the word itſelfe iſ an Arcadian word ,ſignifying no other thing then viſew and ſfeliſ. Sheepalſo delight in the brauncheſ of maiden—haire, and generally the wooll of ſheepe burned to owderand given them to drinke,iſ very profitable for al their inward diſeaſeſ: And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice to haue ſpoken of the ſeuerall infirmitieſ and ſickneſſeſ of ſheepe, which I deſire the Engliſh Reader to take in good part, wondering very much at the ma, nyfold witſ, and ſtirring penſ of theſe daieſ, wherein Ithinke ourtimeſ may be compa— red to themoſt flouriſhing timeſ that ener were ſince the worldſ beginning ; yetnone 48 hane adventuredtoapply theirtimeſ and witſ for the explication of the ſeuerall ficke— neſſeſ of ſheepe and cattell. I know there are many Noble men, Kerightſ, and Gentlemen of the land, and thoſe alſo which are verylearned, that are great maſterſ of ſheepeand cattell, and I may ſay of them aſ the Prophet Dawidſaith : Their Oxemare ſtrong to labor , and their ſheepe bringeth forth thouſandſ and ten thouſandſ in their fieldeſ : \WWhereby they are greatly inritched.and yet not one of them haue had ſo much commiſſcration, either towardſ the poore cattell in whoſe garmentſ they are warmed , or charitie to the world. For the better direction to maintaine the health of theſecreatureſ, aſ to publiſh any thing in writing for the benefite of Adamſ children, but ſuch knowledge muſtreſt in the 50 breſtſ of ſilly Shepheardſ, and for the maſterſ either they knownothing ,or elſ in ſtrange viſitation and mortalitie of their cattell, they aſcribe that to witchecraft and the diuell, which iſ peculiar to the worke of nature. Horſeſ, Dogſ, and almoſt enery creature, haue gotten fauour imGentlemenſ witſ, to haue their natureſ deſcribed, but the ſilly ſheepe better euery way then they, and r%qrc neceſſary Ofzſiffize S/BEC*PE. 619 neceſſary forlife, could nener attaine ſuch kindneſſe,aſ once to get one Ppage written or indighted for the ſafegard oftheir natureſ , I do therfore by theſe preſence from my ſoule andſpirit, inuite all Gentlmen and men of learving,not onely to give their mindeſ to know the defeetſ of thiſ beaſt, but alſo to inuentthe beſk remedieſ that nature can afford for it iſ a token of higheſt mercy vnto bryuite beaſtſ to feede them when they are huncryſiſſ and to recouer them when they are ſicke. F Columella and Varre two great Romaneſ, and ſuchaſ had attained to ſ omeofthe greaſ \ teſtplace of the Common—wealth, being men of excellent witſ and capacitie, yethad | their nameſ been forgotten & they neuer remembred, if they hadnot written of ruſtick and countrey matterſ, andit iſ no littlehonor vato them to haue left that behind them in Print,or writing, which themſelueſ had obſerued from following the plough. Therefore itſhal be no diſgrace for any man of what worthſocuer to beſtow hiſ witſ vpon theſheep, for certainely it iſ no leſſe worthy of hiſ wit, then it iſ of hiſ teethſ and how neceſſirie it iſ for the nouriſhment of man, we all know to thiſ daye, and beſideſ there iſ nothing thatſo magnifyeth onr Engliſh Nation aſ the price of our Wooll inallthe kingdomeſ of the World .But what account the auncientſ made of Sheepe, I will now tell you: fortheir greateſt men bothKingſ and Lordeſ were Sheapheardeſ, andtherefore you which ſucceedein their placeſ ſhall beſtow much leſſe labout in writing ofſheepe then they did inkeeping: with the pi&ure of a Sheepethey ſtampedthceir auncient mony, and 20 itiſreported of Mapdrabaluſ, that hauing founda greattreaſure in the earth, in token of hiſ blind thankefulneſſeto God, did dedicate three pictureſ of Sheepe to Zuzo, one of Gold, another of Syluer, and a third of Braſſe; and beſideſ the ancient Romanſ made the penalticſ of the laweſ to be Oxen and Sheep,and no man might name an Oxe votil he had namied a ſheep. Among the 7rogladiteſ they had their Wiveſ common, yet their Tyrantſ had laweſ tokeepe their wineſ to themſclueſ, and they thoughtit a great penalty for theadultery of their wife, if the adulterer payed them a ſheepe. The Poetſ haue a pretty fiion, that E—dmion the Sonne of Merewry fellinloue with the Moone, who diſpiſed him, and that therefore he went andkept Sheepe: afterwardthe 30 Moone fell in loue with hiſ white Sheepe, and deſired ſome of them, promyſingto grant hiſ requeſt, if he would gratific her choyce : whereuponthe Wiſe—man (aſ Probaſ writeth) deuided hiſ flock into two parteſ, the whiter on the oneſide which had thecourſ ſer Wooll, and the blacker on the other ſide which had the finer Wooll, ſo the Moong choſe the white one, and graunted him herloue, whereupon Pirgil/thuſ writeth; Pan munere nineo lune captum te lunafefellit. Ttmay appeareal{o in what great regard Sheepewere in auncient time, forthat theit Priefteſ made holy Water and ſacrificeſ for theirſantification, whereof 1 findetheſere» lationſ, in Gyralduſ, virgil, and otherſ . Attheluſtration of Sheepe there waſ another manner of ſanCifieng then at other timeſ, for the Sheapheard roſe betimeſ in themor— 0 2106, and ſprinkled hiſ Sheepe allouer with Water, making a perfume round aboutthe fold, with Sulphar, Sauine, Lawrell, Wineand fire, ſinging holy verſeſ, and making ſiz.- ctifice to the God Pa#, for they did beleenelthat by thiſ Iuſtration the health ofthecir Sheepewaſ procured, and all conſuming diſeaſeſ drinenaway. Ai It iſ reported that when Sheepe of ſtrange colourſ wereſprinkled with thiſ water,to | ſignified great happineſſe to the princeſ of the people, and they were giftſ for the Empe; ror, whereupon Pirgil/ made theſe verſeſ 5; Ipſe ſedinpratiſ , arieſ iam [nanerubenti Murick, iam eroceo mutabit velleraluto. rat 5 1 Whenmen went to receiveanſwerſ of the Oracleſ, they ſlept all night in the skn}ncs of 3o Sheep . There waſ a Noble ſactifice among the Paganſ called Hegarombe, wherein were ſacrificedat one time a hundred Sheepe at a hundered ſcuera.l alterſ. It iſ reported of King 2Zoſf@ſ, that hee ſacrificed at one time twclpc hunderedOxen; | ar}d eightand thirty hundered ſheepe, ſo great waſ the dignity of thiſ bcaſ_f: that God \ himſelfe placed in the death thereof one part of hiſ worſhip: and whereaſ it waſ lawfull among the heathenſ to make their ſacrificeſ of Seepe, Goateſ, Swine, Oxen, Hcnnesj an "iger— | | & | 620 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. andgeeſe, they made reckoning that thc']ambeand tþc Kid wast_;cſi_ of all, for that Gog waſ not pleaſed with the quantitie but_ with the qualitie of che_ ſacrifice. The auncient Egyptianſ for the honor of ſheepe,did neither eate nor ſacnfia? them, and therefore we reade in holy Scriprure, that the 2/ae/izeſ were an abhomination to the Egyptianſ, becauſe they both killed, and ſacrificed ſheepe, aſ all Diuineſ hane declared. Thcrc iſ a noble ſtory of Clizzſ who when he ſactificed at the Altar, waſ called away by King A/ex., ander,and therefore he left hiſ ſacrificeſ and went to theKing, buF three of theſheep that tere appointed to be offered did follow after him,cuen vato theKingſ preſence, whereat Alexander didvery much wonder (and that not without cauſe,) for he called together all 1, the wiſemen & South—ſayerſ to know what that prodegy did fore—ſhew, whercunto they generally anſwered that it did fore—ſhew ſome fearefull euentſ to glzm:, for aſ much aſ the ſheepe which by appointment were deadthat zs,rcady to die,did follow him into the preſence of theKing,in token that he could newer anoid a violent dcaFh_,am_i ſſſo afterwardſ itcameto paſſeſfor Alexander being diſpleaſed with him becauſe(aſ it iſ ſaid)he had raild on him in hiſ drunkenneſ, after theſacrifice commanded him to be ſlaine, and thuſ weſee how divuine thingſ may be colleGed from the natureſ of ſheep. Theſe thingſ are reported by Plutarch,& Pauſaniaſ. Another note of the dignity of ſheep, may be collectedfrom the cuſtome of the Lagedemeniiſ:\WW henthey went to the warſ they dronue their goatſ & their ſheep before them,to the intent that before they ioyned battellthey might make ſacrifice to their Godſ:the goatſ were appointed tolead the way for the ſheep,for they were droue formoſt,and therefore they were called Cateadeſ,and on a timetthiſ miraculouſ euent fell out,for the wolueſſet vpon the flockſ, & yet contrary to their rauening nature, they {pa— redtheſheepe,and deſtroyed the goatſ; whichnotable faet iſ worthy to be recorded,be— cauſe that God by ſuchan example among the heathen Paganſ , did demonſtrate hiſ loue ynto the good in ſparing the ſheepe, and hiſ hatred vnto the wicked in deſtroying the goateſ, and thereforche reſcrued the ſheepe to hiſ owne Altar: Idibuſ alba Ioui, grandior agna ceadit Soſaith Onid: WNigram hiemi pecudem xephyr iſ falicibuſ album SoſaithPirgil: Andagaine: Huc caſtuſ Hibilla Nigrarum multo pecudum te ſanguine ducet. 30 Towmpiter and to theſimne, they were wont to ſacrifice white ſheepe or lambeſ,but to plutoe and to the earth, they ſacrificed blackeſheep or lambeſ ,in token of deadneſ:There— fore Tibulluſ writeth : — JInterea nigr aſ peeudeſ promittite Diti And Virgilſaith: Duc migr aſ pecudeſ ea prima piacula ſunto. Wwhen the Grazcianſ ſent their ſpieſ to the tentſ of the Troyanſ,to diſcouer what order ſtrength, and diſcipline they obſerued: Ne/or and the ancientſ of Greere,vowed vato the Godſ for enuery one of the captaineſ a ſeuerall gifr, that waſ,, Oip melaiman, thelen kyporre— non,;that iſ a black ſheep greatwith yong:the reaſon whereof iſ given by the Seholiaſ?, they vowed(ſaith hey a blackſ ſheep, becauſe the ſpieſ went in the nighctime,blackneſGebeing an emblem of darkeneſ , and a ſheepe great with young becauſe of good fortune, for they 4 ſpedde well in 7;97. In Apoloniathere were certaine ſheepe that were dedicated to the ſunne, and in the day time they fed neere theriver in the beſt paſtute,;being lodged euery night in a goodly ſpatiouſ caue neere the Cittie, ouer whom the greateſt men both for wealth,ſtrength,andwit, were appointed euery night to watch by turneſ for their better ſafegard, and the reaſon of thiſ cuſtody,and the great account made of theſe ſheepe, waſ ®® for that the Oracle had commanded the Apolowmnſ to do fo vnto them ,and makemuch of them : Afterwardſ Ewenirſ anoble manamong them keeping watch according to hiſ turne, fellaſleep, ſo that threeſcore of the ſaid ſheep werekilled by wolueſ, which thing Colun came in qucſtiſion among the common magiſtratſ to know the reaſon of that faQ,& bow it a Herodoinſ ECXRC tO paſſe whether by negligence or by ſome other violent incurſion : EWeH/@ 5$/ eing no waieſ able to defend it, waſ condemned to haue both hiſ cieſ put out, that ſo he might be iundged neuermore worthy to ſee the light with thoſe eyeſ, which wold notwake oucr their charge,but winke and fleep when they ſhould haue been open:and to conclude, I willbut adde thiſone thing more, that whereaſ theEgyptianſ worſhippedtheſhcep for a God,God permitred the ſamevnto the Zewſ to becaten among comon & vulgar meatſ» and alſo to be burned at the Altar for facrifice; and whereaſ the ſaid Egyptianſ did not enely eat but ſacrificeſwineſ fleſh, God himſelfe did forbid hiſ peoplechatthey ſnould a» & ſ Of Sheepe. G2A1 netcr eatenor taſte of ſwineſ fleſh aſ an abhominable thing : by which he ſignifieth how contrariethe preceptſ of men are to hiſ owne laweſ , for that which hee forbiddeth, the allow, and that which they allow , he forbiddeth ; and therefore how farre the peu}ctzlc o{' Godought to befrom ſuperſtition, and from the traditionſ of men Iſ moſtmanifeſtby thiſ compariſon, fothat\vas never ſan&ified that came not into the Temple, and that waſ never lawfull which waſ not approouedby God: and thoſe thingſ which in hiſ law have grc;{tcſiapyeamncc of cruc_:]ue,_ycc :_cttrcthcy more inſt and equalithen the moſt in— dzlſſcrcnc inuentionſ of men, which ſeene to be ſtuffed out with mercie , and gilted ouer with compaſſion. . _— Andtheſethingſ moſtworthy Readerſ, Thaue thought good to expreſſe in thiſ place for the dignitie and honourable account which the greateſt men of the world in former timeſ have made of ſheepe, andthereby I would incite and flir you vp, if itwere butone noble ſpirited learned man, which iſ furniſned with witte, meaneſ ,and opportunitie, to dineand pierce intotheſecretſ of Engliſhſheepe, and Shepheardſ; and to manifeſt vn— to the world the beſt, and moſtapprooued meaneſ and medicineſ,for the propulſing and driving away of all manner of diſeaſeſ fromthoſe innocent profitablebeaſtſ,and for their conſeruation in all manner of healthand welfare. Lam ſorrythat our timeſ areſo farre poyſoned with conetonſneſſey that there iſ no regard of God, man, or beaſt, but onely for profitand commboditie : for aſ for the ſer— . uice of God weſee that the common devuotion of men, and practile of their religion, iſ " founded vpon a meer hope thattherfore God wil better proſperthem in worldly affaireſ, andif it were not for the reward in thiſ world, the profeſſorſ of religion would not be halfe ſo many aſ now they are ; and that iſ true in them which the dinell ſlaun derouſly ob— iectedto Zob, namely that they doe not ſerne God for nothing, and they had rather with Diweſ havethe divuelſ favour in rich garmentſ and delicate fare; then with Zaxa7r with miſery and contempt,enioy the fanour of God , and to ſet vp their hopeſ for an other world. Aſſ formen we ſee that the ſonne loneth hiſ Father but for pattimony ;and that one man ma— kethmuch of another, for hope to receaucbencefite and recompence by them; and there— forcit iſ no maruell if the ſilly beaſteſ haue obtained ſo littlemercy; aſ to be loued, not becauſe they are Godſ creatureſ, but for that they are profitable and ſeruiceable for the 3" neceſſitieſ of men:for thiſ cauſe you nouriſh them; and notlike the Apolonianſ aloreſiid for the Oracleſ ſake, but for their fleeceſ and their fleſh. Therefore if you haue amy com— paſſion,learne how to helpetheir miſerieſ,and publiſh them to the world for the general benefite, for he cannot be good which iſ not mercifull vnto a beaſt, and that mercie doth caſily diewhich groweth but in onehart of one mortallman. | There wereacompany of peopleinEgyptcalled Zycapalirſ,who worſhipped a wolfe foraGod, and therefore they alone among all the Eg7prianſ did eate ſheepe, becauſethe Wolfe did cate themſ; euen ſo I can make no better reckoning of thoſe menthat nouriſh ſheepe for their profitonely,,then I do of the Zyeapoliteſ,which worſhipped a Wolfe,for 40 ſuch men haue no other God but their belly, and therefore I truſt theſe reaſonſ ſhall perſwadeſome one or other to write a larger diſcourſe of our Engliſh ſheepe. ! Nowin the next place we are to diſcourſe of the:vtilitieſ that commeth byſheep, for Ofthe feue— aſit iſ themeekeſtof all ether beaſteſ, ſoaſ the rewarde of meekeneſſe, there iſ no part ;%l contbedg Of him but iſ profitableto man : hiſ fleſh, blood, and milke iſ profitable for meat, hiſ ſkin h*_yy('ſimſiſig' and wooll both togither and aſſunder for garmentſ, hiſ.gutſ and intralſ for Muſicke, hiſ ZyſiShſiſſſi-E}f;ſi; & horneſ and hooueſ forperfuming and driving away of Serpenteſ, and the excrementſ of hey hiſbelly and egeſtion or dung ;for theamending and entiching of plowed landſ, and for theſe occaſionſ did the Egyprianſ worſhipit for a God.for thatthey could ſee no creatuire in the world, but had ſome partſ altogither vnprofitable vato men;but in thiſ they found 38 none at all; FESNE < Firſt of al therefore to beginine with cheir fleſh, although Phyſitianſ hane theirſeuerall Conceiteſ thereof;aſ Gale»;(who ſaithy tharthe fleſh of :Hareſ iſ betrer then the fleſh of Oxen and Shcepe "and Simeon Sethi.who being forced to confeſſe the goodnceſſe of Mut— ten orSheepeſ—fleſh in the beginning and milddle of the ſpring, (yer writeth) that it iſ ful bfſuperfluitieſ and cuil inice, and hurifulltoal fegmy andrmaoiſtſtomackeſ. Crejſcmtii;zſi- 2 ſ 15 2 En | [ 3 } b 622 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. {iſ alſo writeth, that the fleſh of a Sheepe hathan vnpleaſant taſt through onermuch hy... midity, and fit for none but for country—labouring—men: Indccd I graunt the opinion of Platina, who writeth thuſ concerning Ramſ : Overnſ arictenſ dentibuſ ne attingaſ, non modo enime ciuſ caro nonprodeſt , verum etiam vehementer oneſt, that iſ, ThatRammeſ fleſh wee ought neuer to touch, for it iſ net onely vaprofitable, but it iſ much hurtfull : yet inEn. gland the ficſh of Rammeſ iſ vſually caten, either through the craft or ſubtilty of the buc. cherſ, orelſe through conetouſneſ. But in many: honſeſ (aſ Ihauehearde) thereiſ a kind of Veniſon made of the fleſh of Rammeſy which iſ done by thiſ meaneſ: Firſt they takethe Ramme (and beat him with ſtripeſ on all partſ tilthe fleſn grow redde;for ſuch iſ the vature of the blood, that it wil gather to the ſicke affected placeſ, and there ſtandeto t0 comfortthem, ſo by thiſ meaneſ after the Ramme iſ killed the fleſh lookethlike Veniſon: Butaſ in other diſcourſeſ , namely, Hareſ and Conieſ, wee haue alrcady ſhewed our ha— tred of all cruel meateſ, ſo alſo I vtterly diſlike thiſ,for if it benot ſufficient to kill and eat the beaſt, bucfirſt of all pur it to Tyrrannicaltormentſ, Icannot tell what wil ſuffice, ex— cepr we willdeale with beaſteſ, aſ P 11 ate did wi\h_ Cuxiſt, who waſ firſt of all whipped and crowned with thorneſ, and yet afterward did cruciſi_c him. But for the taking away of that Rammy humour andranke moiſtneſ which iſ founde in the Male—ſhecp ,they vſe to geld them when they are young and ſucke their dammieſ, or elſe within the compaſſe of a yeare after their yeaning, whereby the fleſh becommethſo temperate, ſweet, and ſauouty ; aſ any other fleſh in the worlde; and if they paſſe a yeare, then do they vſe to knit them, and ſo in timetheir ſtoneſ deprined of nouriſhment from the body by reaſon ofknitting, do drie and conſume away , or vrterly fall off, whereby the whole fieſh of the beaſtiſ made very ſeaſonable and wholeſome: It iſ granted by al, that when they are young, that iſ to ſay a yeare old, their fleſh iſ very wholeſome,& fit for no— riſhment of manſ nature, but that they increaſe muchphlegme, which enil iſ alaied by eating Viniger and drinking wine vnto it. In many placeſ they ſalt their Muttenſ when they arekilled, and ſo eat them out of the pickle, or elſe roaſt them in the ſmoake like Ba— con:.Within theterritory of H ®£ 1v e11A, there iſ a publicke lawwhereby the Butcherſ are forbidden to buy any forrenſhecp after the feaſt of Saint Jameſ, that iſ , the fine and twentie day of Iuly ,for although that after that time they grow ſat, yet iſ their fleſh then 30 lefſe wholeſome, and their fatte more hurtful, then that which iſ gotten in the ſpringe of the yeare. It were needleſſe for me toſet downethe diniſion of a deade ſheepe into hiſ quarterſ, ſhoulderſ, leggeſ, loineſ, rackeſ, headeſ , and purtinanceſ, for that they are commonly knowne, and the relation of them can miniſterſmal learning to the reader,but enuery part hach hiſ vſe, euen the blood thatiſ taken from him when hiſ throat iſ cut, hathhiſ pecu— liar vſe for the noriſhment of man, and aboue al other thingeſ the fat of hiſ loineſ com— monly called hiſ ſewet wherein it excelleth al other|þeaſtſ whatſoenerfor their reineſ,are coueted al ouer with fat. e : oftheir milk. . »/ Their iſ no lefſe vſe of their milke not onely for young, but for old perſonſ, and aſwel 49 for the rich to beautifie their tableſ, aſ for the poore to ſerue their hungry appetiteſ, and there beſome people in Affricke that haue no.corne in al their country , and therefore in— fteede of bread, their commonfood iſ milke, the goodneſſewhereof iſ thuſ expreſſed by Fierra, — [S 0 Quod pr aſtat ? Gapre,poſt ? Oueſ jnde boneſ, Euermore the milke of aa Ewe iſ beſt that iſ neweſtand thickeſt, andthat which .com— methfrom a blacke Sheepe iſ preferred beforethat which iſ milked from a white,and ge— netally there iſ no beaſt whereofwe.eate but the milke thereof iſ good and nouriſhable, therefore the milke of ſheepe iſ preferred in the ſecond place, and there iſ nocauſe that 50 itiſ put in theſecond place but fortbe fatneſſe thereof, otherwiſe it deſerued the firſt, for aſ the fatneſſe: maketh it leſſe pledſant to the palate and ſtomack of man »yetiſitmore pre— tiouſfor making of Cheeſeſ; and we haue ſhewed already thatinſome placeſ aſ in the 1— ſland Eyyrhreſ, the milk of aSheep yeildeth no whaie, and that they can makeno cheeſe therof,but by minglng abundance of water with itſthey make abundance of cheeſe in the Apcninc Of the Sheepe. & 623 Apenine hilſ, and in Zygſ4 : the Cheeſe of Siciliſ iſ made of Goateſ and ſheepeſ milke and generally Chſiccſc made of ſheepeſ milke iſ the better the more new it iſ: The naturcj ofatheepe iſ to gine milke eight monethſ togither, and in Italy they make Butter alſo of the milke of ſheepe, althe Summertime vato the feaſt of Saint Michaellthey milke them twicea day, but after that, vitil they coople with their Rammeſ they milke them butonce a day, the faultſ of cheeſeſ made of their milke iſ either becauſe they are ouer dry or hol— Jow, and fullof eyeſ and holeſ, orelſe clammy like burd—lime, the laſt proceedeth from thewant of prefling, the ſecond through ounctmuch ſalt, and thethird by ouermuch dry— ing in the Sun. And thuſ much ſhal ſuffice to haue ſpokenof thoſe thingſ in ſheep which arefittobe eaten. In the next place we come to diſcourſe of their wool,and of the ſhearing or clipping of ſhcepe, for although their fleſh be pretiouſ,yet it iſ not comparable in value to their fiee= ceſ, for that when they are once dead they yeild no more profit, but while they line, they areſhoarne once or twice a yeare, for in Egyptthey areſboarne twice a year, and alſo in ſome partſ of Spaine.And it appeareth that in auncient timeſ there were great feaſteſ at their ſheepe—ſhcaringſ ,aſ iſ apparant in the holy ſcripture in many placeſ, and eſpecially bythe Hiſtory of Ab/a/en, who after he had once conceited malice againſt hiſ Brother Ammen,hc found no oppertunity to execute the ſame, vntill hiſ ſheepe ſhearing—feaſt, at which time in the preſence of ail hiſ brethren the kingſ ſonſ(euenat dinnerywhen no man 20 ſuſpected harme ,then did Ab/alop give a ſigne to hiſ wicked Seruantſ to take away hiſ life, which they performed according to their maiſterſ malice. It 2appeareth by the wordeſ of Pliny who writeth thuſ, Owreſ 2on vhid, tondentur durat quibuſ[z'am in Lociſ vellendimoſ, qui ctiam nunc vellunt ante triduo iewnaſ habent quo lane guideminuſ radiceſ lane retinent : That iſ, Sheepe are not euery whereſhoarne, for yet vnato thiſ time in many placeſ they do commonly obſerue the old cuſtome of pulling the woolloff from the ſheepeſ backe, and they which doe now pull the woolland not ſheare it» doalwaieſ cauſe their ſreepe to faſt three daieſ before, that ſo being made weake the rootſ ofthe wooll may not ſticke ſo faſt, but come off more eaſily. Andindeed Iam confirmed in thiſ opinion by the Latine word/ellyſ whichſignifi— o eth a fleece, which can bec deriued fromno other Radixe or Theame, nor admit any other manner or kinde ofnotation, then 4 wellewdſ;that iſ, from pulling. Cate alſo in hiſ booke of Originalleſ writeth thuſſ, Palatin# colliſ Rome alterſ parſ velleia appellata fuit , & vellenda lana ante Hetruſcam tonſuram incoliſ monſtratam, That iſ, to ſay : Therewaſ one part of the hill Pa/azine at Rome, which waſ called Velleia fromſ the pulling of wooll, for it waſ their cuſtome there to pull their wooll,before the inha— bitaunteſ learned the Z@7@%/an manner of ſhearing ſheep, by which teſtimony weſee cuidently the great torment that the poore ſhcepe were put vato when they loſt theyr flecceſ , before the inuention of ſhearing, for it iſ certaine by the auncient picureſ and ſtatueſ of men that there waſ no vſe of ſhearing either haireor wooll, from men , orſhecpe. But the haire of mem grew rude, and inlength like womenſ, and ſheepe nenerloſt their fleeceſ butby pulling off, and therefore 72770 writeth, that foure hundred and fiſty yeareſ after the building of Rome there waſ no Barber or ſheep—ſhearer in al Italy, and that Ppbligſ Ticinmſ Menaſ waſ the firſtthat ener brought in that cuſtomeamong theRomanſ, for which there waſ a monument ere&ed in writing in the publicke place at Ardea, whichvntill hiſ time waſ thereſincerely preſerued. .3 Now concerning thetimeſ and ſeaſonſ of the yeare for the ſhearing of' ſhcctcpc,ſſ iſ not onely hard, butalſo an impoſſible thing to ſet downe any general rule to hold in al placeſ. The beſt that cuer I read iſ that of D/drmawſ. Nee frigido ad huc , nec iam aſtino tempore, ſed a Wedio vere Oneſ tondende ſunt, Thatiſ, ſheepe muſt neither bee ſhoarne in extreame CſOIde Weather, nor yet in the extreame heate of Summer, but in the middle of the pring, | | \( In 624 ([olumelia Pallading Gelſtſ Sheating time in Eng— land. The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. In fomehot countrieſ they ſheeretheir ſheepe in Aprill, in temper ate countrieſ the ſheerethem in Maic, but in the cold countrieſ in Iune, and Iuly , and gen erally the beſt time iſ betwixt the vernallequiroctium ,& the ſummerſ ſolſtice,chat iſ before the longeſt day ,and after the daieſ & nightſ be of equalllength,there beſomethat ſheere their ſhccP twice in a yeare,noc for any neceſſitie to diſburden the beaſt of the fleece, but for opinion that the often ſhearing cauſeth the finer, wooll to ariſe, even aſ the often mowing of grafſe maketh it the ſweeter. In the hotr countrieſ the ſame day that they ſheere their ſheepe they alſo annoint them ouer with oyle,thcleeze of old wine, and the water where. in hopſ areſod, and if they be neere the ſeaſide,three daieſ afterthey drench them over 1, head and eareſ in water, but if they benot neere the ſeaſide, then they waſh them with taine water ſod with ſalt; and hereby there commieth a double profit to the ſheepe :Firſt, for that it willkill in them all the cauſe of ſcabſ for that yeare, ſo aſ they ſhall lineſafe from that infection : and ſecondly , the ſheepe doe thereby grow to beare the longer and the fofter wooll.Some doſheare them within dooreſ,and ſome in the open ſunne abroad,and then they chuſe thehorteſt and the calmeſt daieſ, and theſeatethe thingſ or the neceſ— ſary obſeruationſ , which I can learne out of the writingſ of the auncientſ about the ſhea, ring of ſheepe. Now concerningthemanner of our Engliſh nation, and the cuſtomeſ obſeried by vſ about thiſ buſineſſt, athough it be needleſle for me to expreſſe, yet I can not con— tainemy ſelf from relating theſame, conſidering that we differ from other nationſ.Firſt 25 therefore,the common time whereat we ſheareſheepe iſ in Iunc, and lambeſ in Inly ; andfirſtof all we waſh our. ſheepe cleane in running ſweete waterſ, afterward lettin them dry for a day or two, for by ſuch wathing all the wooll iſ made the better and clea— per : then after two daieſ we ſheare them, taking heede to their fleſh, that it be no maner of way clipped withthe ſheareſ, but if it be, then doth the. ſhearer put vpon it liquid pitch, commonly called Tarre, whereby it iſ eaſily cured and kept ſafely from the flieſ. The quantitieof wooll vpon our ſheep iſ more then in any other countrey of the world, for euen theleaſt among vſ (ſuch aſ are in hard groundſ) aſ in Norfolke, the vpper moſt part of Kent, Hertfort—thier, and other placeſ, hane better and weightier fleeceſ then the greateſt in othernationſ :and for thiſ cauſe the forraine and Latine Authorſ doene— uer make mention of any quantitie of wooll they ſneare from their Shecp, but of the quallitie. The quantitie in the leaſtiſ a pound,,except the ſheep haue loſt hiſ wooll, in the middle ſore of ſheepe two poundſ or three poundſ, aſ iſ vulgar in Buckingham,Northampton, and Leiceſter ſhiereſ; But the greateſtof all in ſome of thoſe placeſ, and alſo in Rumney marſh in Kent, foure or fiue poundſ : and it iſ the mannetr of the Shepheardſ and ſheepe maſterſ to wet their Ramſ, and ſo to keepe their wooll two or three yearſ together grow— ing vpon their backſ, and Lhaue credibly heard of a Sheepe in Buckingham—ſhiere in the flockeofthe L. P. thathad ſhorne from it at one time, one and twentie pound of wooll. After the ſhearing of our ſheepe, we doe not vſe either) to annoint or waſh them, aſthey 40 doc in other nationſ, but turne them foorth without their fleeceſ, leauing them like mea— doweſ new mowen ,withexped&ation of another fleece the next yeare. The whole courſe of the handling of our ſheepe iſ thuſ deſcribed by the flower of our Engliſh—Gentlemen huſbandſ maſter Thomaſ Tuſſer. a Waſh Sheepefor the better where water doth runne, And let him goe clanely and dry in the Sunne Then ſbeare him and ſpare not, at two daieſ an end,, The {ooner the better hiſ corpſ will amend, Reward not thy Sheepe when yee take off hiſ coate , With rwitcheſ, and flaſheſ aſ broad aſ a groat : ' 59 Let not ſuch vngentleneſſe happen to thine Leſt flie with her gentleſ doe make him to pine, Let Lambeſ goe vnclipped till Iune be balfe werne, The better the flecceſ will grow to be ſborne, The Pye will diſcharge thee for pulling the reſt, 0 teo The 19 20 Of the S/Zeep. The lighter the Sheepe iſ,then feedeth iſ beſt. And in another place of the huſbandry of ſheepe he writeth thuſ: Goodfarme and well ſtored, good houſing and dry; Good corne and good dairy. good market and nigh, Good Sheapheard,good till—man; good Tack and good Gill; Makeſ huſband andbuſiwife their cofferſ to o fillſ Let paſture be ſtored and fenced about, And tillige [et forward aſ needeth without . Before you do open your purſe to begin, With any thing doing forfanty withinſ Noſtoring 0}%74ſtrctre with baggagely titſ Withragged and aged aſzeuill aſ itſ Let carrep and barren be ſhifted away, For beſt 15 the beſt; what{acuer you pay. And inanother placeſpeaking of the time of the yeare for gelding Rams,andſel[ing of wooll which headimoniſheth ſhould be after Michelmaſ;hewriteth thuſ :; New geld with the gelder , the Ram and the Bull, E Sew pondſ, amnehd damſ, and (ell Webſter the woel, But of the milking of ſheepehe wziteth thuſ: Put Lambefro Ewe,;tomilk afew, Be not to bold,to milkeandfold, Fine Eweſ alow, to eneryGow, Sheepe wrigling taile; hath madſ withour faile, Andthuſfar Tyſſer; beſideſ whom L'find little diſcourſe about the huſbandry of Sheepe inany Engliſh Poet. Andfortheconcluſion or rathet farther demonſtration ofthiſ part, concerning the quallity of our Engliſh wooll, I can vie no better teſtimony then that of worthy M.Camden,;inhiſ Brirtannia;for writing ot Buckinghamſhire he vſeththeſe wordſ: Hectotafere campeſtriſ eſt[6lo item argillaceſ tenacice foccundo,Papuloſiſ prutiſ innumeroſ o— Hinm gregeſ paſcit, quarum mollia Crtentiſſima vellera ab Aſſaticiſ vſ/#f, gentibuiſ expetuntur . Thatiſ to ſay, The whole county of Buckinghana iſ of a clammy, champaigne, fertile ſoile, feeding innumerable flockſ of ſheep withhiſ tich and well growetl paſtureſ or med— doweſ, whoſe ſoft and fine fleeceſ of woollare defired of the people of Aſia ;For we know that ſuch iſ the trade of Marchandiſe and tranſportation ofEngliſh cloath, the tarefineſ neſſe, and ſmoothneſſe thereof iſ admired in Aſa; namely, in Paleſ?ina, and other king— domeſ of the Turke, and therefore they have Eugliſh houſeſ of Marchantſ, both at Alcp— 2o, Tripolivand other placeſ. Againe ſpeaking of LemſZer ore,or Lemſter wooll in Herford— 49 ſhire, he writeth thuſ : Sed e) precipud bodie gloria eſt a lana in circum viciniſ agriſ (Lemſter a— 7e vocant cui excepta Apula C& Tarentina—palmam deferunt Eurdpei omneſ. The greateſtglo— ry of that ſoile iſ in their wool, whichrariſeth from ſheep,feeding in the fildeſ and paſtureſ adioyning thereunto,(which wooll they call Lempſter oreyand all Chtiſtendome yealdeth Praiſeand price vnto itnext after the Ap#/ian and Turentizian wooll, Andindeedſo ſweet iſ the gaine that commeth by ſheep,;that in many parteſ of the kandthere iſ a decay oftillage and people, for their maintenance; and therefore the ſaide M. camden ſaith moſt wortbily, cuen like himſelfe, that iſ honeſt and vnpartiall in all biſ writingſ, for in the beginning of hiſ deſcription of Northamtonſhire, where I thirke a— boneall partſ depopulation and deſtroying of towneſ iſ moſt plentiful, (ſo that for Chri— 30 ſtianſ now you haue ſheepe, and for a multitude ofgood houſe—holderſ, youſhall haue one poore Sheapheard ſwaine and hiſ Dogge lyuing vppon forty ſhillingeſa yeare, or littlemore;y hee writech in the wordeſ of ZTyzhademſ after the commendation of the Sheep and Woollof that Country : Outhyſ oppleta cÞ guaſi obſeſſaqua (t Hythozlſſuſſ: zlſi © dixity tam mileſ eſſe timgue exigno ali ſolebant, nunc (©tifertur) tam educeſ Atgqueindo— : v » nag d — Witkeſſecorperunt/ot homineſ denworent, ipſoſ agreſ, domoſ oppida vaſcent , at depopulentur : LI} which 625 The value of Engliſh wool and the vſe thereef 626 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. Jt which wordſ Icanor better engliſh thenin "the wordſ of an Epigrammiatarian in our ageſ, for to thiſ effect, according to my remembrance he writeth, Sheepe hane eate vp our poſtureſ, our meddoweſ; und onr downeſ; Our Mountaineſ,our men, our villageſ and Towneſſ Tillnow Ithought the common pronerb did butieſt, That ſaieſ a blacke ſheepe 15 a biting beaſt:. . Se3 Concerning the goodneſſe of engliſhwool; and the difference of it ſrom_qchcrs,rhc TCa— ſon iſ well giuen by Geſmer and Cardan: Lapeearum molleſ& cviſp a Santideon, nune ut o— to line mileſia celebratur neſ mirum cum nullum animalwenenitum mittat @Anglia, & ſine lupor 7im metupecuſ vagetur wulli enim in A nglia hodieluprreperiuntur, Rct(eſſczelz (itim ſedant Gre— geſ ab ommi alio potu arcentur quod aque thi olfilzmſiflt exttinleſ="That iſto ſ ay, The wool of Engliſhſhecp iſ ſoft and curled ,and therefore'it iſ now commendedaſhighly aſ cuer waſ the Melertian woollin ancient time, and notwithout inſtciatiſe, forthey areneither anoid with the feare of any venemouſbeaſt, nor yet troubled withWolueſ, and therefore the ſtrengthoftheir nature and peaceable quier wherin theyline, doch breed inthem thebet— ter wooll; and beſideſthey neuer drinke; but quenchtheir thirſt withthedew of heanen : — And thuſ much for the diſcourſe of Englifh wooll— : — t ſ The wool f —_ Tam nener able ſufficiently to deſcribethe infinite commoditieſ thatcome vnto men ather coun— *" { , a i trieſ. by wooll, both for gardenſ, for hangingſ , forconeringſ,fowbatſ, anddinerſ ſuchother 20 thingſ, and therfore it ſhal not be vopleaſant I truſt vato the reader,to be troubled a little with a farther diſcourſe heereof, if I blot ſome paperia—deſcribing the quality of the beſt woollin other nationſ. Firſtofal therefore we are to remember theſe thothingſ that the beſtwooll iſſoft and curled ,,and that the wool of the old ſheep iſ thicker and thinner then the wooll of the younger, and the wooll of the ram followeth the ſame nature, of whom we will ſpeake more in hiſ ſtory. Onely inthiſ place our purpoſe iſ to expreſſe the exami. nation of woollaſ we finde it telated by Authorſ; according to their ſenerall countrieſ. Therfore aſ we haueſaid already out of M.chimbdenſreport, the Tarentiniaw and Apauleian wooll muſthauethe firſt place,becauſe the ſheep of thoſe countricſ line for the moſt part within dooreſ, and beſideſ that, are conered with otherſkinſ. In Spaine they make grea— teſt accountof the blacke wooll, and ittappearethby good Hiſtory, both in our Engliſh chronicleandotherſ, that the ſhcepe of Spaine were ofno reckoning til they were ſtored with the breed of England. There iſ a little country called Po/leyz/aneare the Alpeſ, of the wooll whereof AMyr#ialmaketh mention, aſ alſo of the Cazzcizered wooll, and there— fore Oniſ Canucina waſ an Emblem for pretiouſ wooll, hiſ verſeſaretheſe : 0 we Non tantum pullo, lugenteſ vellerelanaſ, Roma magiſ fuſſiſ veſtitur galliaruffiſ Canucinatuſ uoſtro ſyruſ aſfſere ſudet . 4() Wehaue ſpoken already ofthe wooll of //fria and Libuyrwia, which if itwere notfor the ſpinning in Portugall, and the web—ſterſ Art thereupon, it were no better for cleth then haire. S#rabo writeth, that the woollof Mwziza, whereby he meaneth all the country that lyeth vpon the riner Seyrazſ, iſ very ſoft and gentle, and the beſt of Italy 5 but that of Li— guriaand Mjllain,iſ good for no other vſe but for the garmentſ offeruantſ. About padwathew woolliſ of a mcane price, yet they make of it moſtpretiouſ workeſ of Tapiſtry, and Carpetſ for tableſ, for that which waſ rough and thicke in ancient time waſ vſed for thiſ purpoſe , and alſo to make garmentſ, hauing the ſhagſ thereof hanging by it like rugſ. There iſ a citty called Fe/ſzem, and the wooll thereof by the Marchantſ iſ called Felrriolana,;felt—wodll, they were wont to make garmenteſ hereof neither wougn nor ſewed, but baked together at the fire likehatſ and capſ, whereof Plimy writeth thuſ: Lane& per ſecoaltaveſtemfariunt, &r ſt addatur acetum etiam ferro reſiſtunt imo vero etiam ignibuſ nowiſſimo ſuipurgamento qmippe aheniſ cognentium extracte indumentiſ v/t vem= wnt gallearum t arbitror inuento,certe galliciſ hodie nominibuſ diſcernuntur. Wwoollhath thiſ property , that if it be forced together it will make a garment of itſelfe, and if vineg;ſ J 0 Beticuſ adiunat der For the colour of Woollinthat co untry groweth mixe through their food, or their drinke, or the operationofth alſo celebrated, not onely for theſoftneſſe of it, butfor the colour, for that it iſ aſ blacke aſ any Rauen, and yetthere are ſome there of other colourſ, and for thiſ cauſe the Spa— piſh woolltſ commended, eſpeci ally Turdirania, and Coraxi (aſ Strabo writeth,/for hee ſaith the glaſſe ef the wooll waſ notonely beautifull for the purity of the blacke, butalſo itwill ſpin out into ſo thin a thread aſ waſ admirable, and therefore in hiſ time they ſold a ram of thatcountrey for a tallent. I may ſpeakealſo of the wooll of P4rp4,and Altipum, whereof Mſz#/a//made thiſdiſticon ; purgedto the d,itſeruedfor clo— dynotby any art, but naturall eaize. The Lawvoditian wooll iſ Velleribuſ primiſ apulia : Parma ſecundiſ Nebiliſ altinum tert1a landat oniſ. Wemay alſo read how for the ornamentof wooll, there haue bin diverſ colourſ intien— tedby art, and the colourſ haue given nameſ to the wool, aſ Siwazwliſ lana, wooll of Sea— water—colour,ſome colour taken from an Amezhiſt ſtone,ſomefrom brightneſſe or clear— neſſe, ſome from Saffron , ſome from Roſeſ, from Mirtleſ, from Nutſ,from Almondſ, fromWiaxe, from the Crow , aſ Calorcoraxienſ, and from the purple fiſh, aſ from the C#+ Iyſine,or the Tyrean,whereofFirgill writeth thuſ ; 20 Hiquog, non cur a nobiſ leniore tuende., Nec minor v/uſ evit , quamiiſ Mileſiamagno, Vellera mutentur tyrioſ in eco6t a ruboreſ. From hence commeth the chalke colout, the Lettice colour, the Loote—tree—root, the red colour, the Azure coloutgand the ſtar—colour. There iſ an Hearb called Fullerſ—herbd, which dothſoften wooll, and make it apt to takecolour, and whereaſ generally thereare buttwo colourſ,black and white that are ſimple,the ancientſnot knoing how to die wool; didpaintit on the outſide forthetriumphing garmentſ,;in mer wore painted garmentſ. The Phrigian garmentſ were colourſ wrought with needle— worke, and there waſ one Af— filvſ aKing in Aſ/a, which did firſt of all inuent the weauing of wooll and gold together, whercupon came the name of Veſ/Ziſ A#falica, for a garment of cloath of gold. The Babilonianſ andthe Alexandrianſloued diverſity of coloutſ in their garmentſ alſo; and therefore Mezrc//aſ Scipia made a law of deathagainſtall ſuch aſ ſhould buy a zab/ilowi/Þ garment, that waſ carpetſ or beddeſ to eate vpon for eighthundered Ccſter]fſis. The ſhea— tingof clothor garmentſ made of ſhorne eloth,did firſtof allbegin in the daieſ ofS. An— &iltine, aſ Feniſtellawriteth. The garmentſ like poppieſ had the original beforethetime of Zuciliuſ the Poct, aſ he maketh mention in 77 arquatuſ. There waſ a faſhion in ancient tineamong the Romanſ,; that adiſtaffe with wooll vpon it , waſ carried after virginſ when theywere going to be married: the reaſon therof waſ thiſ(aſ /a7r0 wrlccth? forthat there waſ one Tagagquiliſ ory Cayea cecilia, whoſe diſtaffe and wooll had endured in the Temple of Saxgi many hundered yeareſ, and that Sezaivſ Tu/lluſ made him a cloke of that wooll, x "hichheneuecr vſed butan the temple of Fortune,and that that garment aſcen:vardsconu- nuedfine 500& 60.yearſ,being neither conſtumied by moathſ,, nor yet growing thread— 3te, to the great admiration of all which either ſaw it or heard of it. AndthuſmuchI 'ho\lght good to adde in thiſ place eoncerning the diuerſityof' wooll,dxſtmguxſhcd natu— tally according to ſenerall regionſ, or elſe artificially after ſundry tinGureſ. Likewiſeof The mixing and mingling of Wooll one with anotfir}, and dinerſitieſ of garmcntcsi :R ? 4 2 Akt 0 624 Y Ofthe co. lorſ of woull The )affing of wooll; 628 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtr. laſtly of the laſting andenduring of woolland garmentſ, for it ought to beno wonder ynſ to a reaſonable many; that a wollen garmentnot eaten by motheſ, nor worne out by vſe, ſhouldlaſt many hundered yeareſ, tor ſeeing it iſ not of any cold* or earthly nature, but hor and dry, there iſ good cauſe why it ſhould remaine long without putrification : and thuſmuch inſtead of many thingſ for the wooll of ſheepe. Aſ we hane heard of the manifold vſe ofthe Wooll of Sheepe, ſo may we ſay very Phevſe »f much of the ſkinſ of Sheep for garmentſ and other vſeſ: and tl_]crcforc when the wool iſ fhcep—Siunſ detracted and pulled offfromthem, they are applyed to Buſkinſ, Breſt—plateſ, Shoocſ, Glonueſ, Stomacherſ, and other vſeſ, for they are alſo dyed and changed by tinGure into other colourſ,&alſo when the wool iſtaken offfrom them ,they dreſſe them very ſmooth to and ſtretchthem verye thin, whereof iſ made writing parchment , ſuchaſ iſ commonly vſedat thiſ day in England, and I haue knowne it practiſed at Tucetow, called once 77; pontiumintheicounty of Northampton :and if any partofit will not ſtretch but remaine ſtiffe and thicke, thereofthey make writing tableſ , whereon they writewitha perſil of iton orBrafſe, and afterwarddeface and raceit out againe with a ſpungeorlinnen cloath:Here ofalſo(I mean theſkinſ of ſheep) commeth the coneringeſ of bookeſ, and if at any time they behard,ſtubborne, and ftiffe, then they ſoften it with theſhecpeſ—ſewet or rallow. The boneſ of Sheep haue alſo their vſe and employment for the hafting of knifeſ. The Rhztianſofthe vrine of ſncep do makea kind of counterfeit of Nitre. And RuſGwſ ſaith, that if a man would change any part of hiſ Horſeſ haire,;aſ on the forehead, take away the 10 black haireſ and put them into whi te,let him take a linnen cloth and wet it in boyling milk ofſhieep, and put it ſo whot ypon the place that he would haue ;hangcd,ſo oftentimeſto— gether til the haire come off with a little rubbing, afterward let him wettheſamecloth in cold ſheepſ milke, and lay it to the place two or three' daieſ together , and the hairewill ariſe very white, thuſ(ſaith be:) an dthere are certain fiyeſ or motheſ which are very hurt fullto gardenſ, if a man bang vp the panch of a ſheepe, and leaue for them a paſſageor hole into it,they will all forſake the flowerſ.and hearbſ, and gather into that ventrickle, which being done two or threetimeſ together, make a quit riddance of all theirhurtſ,d Rulimſ you pleaſe to make an end of them. The Swalloweſ take off from the backeſ of Sheepe flockeſ of Wooll, wherewithal the 30 prouident Birdſ do make their neſteſ to lodge their young oneſ after they bee hatched. With the dung of Sheepe they compaſſt and far the earth, it becing excellent and aboue ZE*: dct""S allother dung neceſſary for the benifit and encreaſeof Corne, except Pigeonſ and Henſ ?** dung which iſ whotter, and the ſandy land iſ fixteſtto be amended with Sheepſ dung, allo piantſ and treeſ if you mingle therewith aſheſ. Nowweare to proceed to the gentle diſpoſition of Sheep, and to expreſſe cheir inward The inward quallitieſ and morallvſeſ; and firſtof all conſidering the innocency of thiſ beaſt, Imar— qualitieſ a vailefrom whence the Gorzynian Cretian cuſtome proceeded,which cauſed adultererſ for cepe an _ » » : v then moral their puniſhment to ridethroughout the whole Citty crowned with Wooll,cxcept that vieſ ſothey might fignific hiſ tender and delicate effeninacy;and therefore aſ ſomearectow— 49 Hermola@ neawith goldin token of vertue and valiantadſ, ſo vice(eſpecially the wantoneſſt of the fleſhydeſerueth to be crowned with wooll for the looſeneſſe and beaſtlineſſe thereof, not becauſe ſuch acrownewaſ a ſufficient puniſhment, for an opprobry and continuall badgſ ofignomny,euen aſ forgererſ and periured perſonſ ride with paperſ on their headſ,vp— on bare horſe backſ ,and ſoforth. By the behauiour of Sheepeat their rutting or ramming time the Sheapheardeſob— ſeruetempeſtſ, raineſ, and change of weather. It they be very luſtfulland leape oftenvp— on their femaleſ, but if they beſlowand backward, then iſ the poore naked man glad,for that thereby hee conceiveth hope of a gentle Wint er, and temperare weather. Alſo ifin the endeof Autumne they ſtampe vppon the grounde with their ſeccc,irbccokcncth 50 hard weather, colde Winter, much Froſtand:Snow, about the time of the firſtry— ſing of the Pleiadeſ or ſeauen Starreſ. Which thing iſ thuſ poctically expreſſedby AMie— BHHWSX eAramſ, K of the Sheep. 629 ——— . i ; Sidenid terram, Laniger a fodiant CAaput ant tendantur in ar&en, Cum: madidnſ per maymor a tur bag a condit, Pleiadaſ octaſuſ, cum bruma in rigoracedit, Frugifer Autumnnuſ,ruet ethra Concituſ Imber. Concerning the ſimplicity of ſheep, I muſt ( ay more,andalſo of their innocency ,yet the ſimplicity thereof iſ ſuch, and ſo much, that it may well be termed folly,or Animlz[inm tiſſimom,for Arrſtotlewritech thuſ of it — Repit in deſerta ſine canſſ, hyeme abſtante ipſim ſe2— pecgreditur [tabulo, oceupatum A niue, niſi paſtor compulerit, abire non vul; > /'ſiſijſi perit deſiſtenſ, niſimareſ 4 paſtore dacantur ita enim religquum grex ſequithr. That iſ » Without canſe it w an— 10 dereth into deſert placeſ, and in the winter time when the aire iſ filled with cold windeſ and the earth hardened with hoarefroſteſ, then it forſaketh and goeth out of hiſ warmcI coateor ſtgblc, and being in the cold Snow, there it will tarry and periſh, were itnottor the care of the theapheard, for he takethone of theRamſ by the horneſ, and drawerh him in a dooreſ, then doall the reſidue followafter . They are alſo very obedient to the veice and cal of the ſheapheardſ, and to the barking and ery of their Dogſ, and no leſſe iſ their lonve onetowardanother, euery way com mendable, for one of them pittiech and ſorrow— ethfor the harme of another, and when the heate of Sunne offendeth them teth,that oneoftheminterpoſeth hiſ bod ytoſhaddowtheother. Their dam or Eweloueth her Lambe, andknoweth it by ſmelling to the hinder parteſ, and if at any time the dam do not loue or make reckoning of her young one,they give hir the Hearbe Penny wort or Water—wall to drinke in water, and then aſ the Scholiaſt affir= meth,naturalaffection increaſech in hir. Of the fooliſhneſſe of ſheep,ther waſ an Emblem toſignifieby. amanriding vpon a golden fleece, one ruled by hiſ ſeruant or wife ſ m , Albertuſwixi— Tranat aquaſ reſidenſ pretioſo in vellere Phryxuſ, Ext flanam impaniduſ per mare ſcandit onem. Eequid id eſt ? vir ſenſia hebeti ſod divite gaza. Coningtſ aut ſorui quemuregit arbitrium. 30 Andtherefore Ariſtophaneſreprouing the ſtolidity of the Azhemianſ, calleththem ſheepe: And Origen writing vpon Leatticnſſaith:Oniiiimmolatio affectuum [inltorum, G iryationa— bikinm correttio. The ſacrificing andkilling of ſheep, iſ nothing elſe but the correction of our fooliſh and vareaſonable affeGionſ.We haue ſhewed already in the ſtory ofthe goat, of a Goat that nouriſhed a Wolueſ Whelpeſ, which in the end did deftroy her, and the ſelfe ſame iſ aſcribed alſo to a ſheep. They obſerue greatlone and concord wich Goatſ, and liue in flockſ together, and foF y oue and ha thiſ cauſe it happeneth that moc goateſ are deſtryed by Wolueſ thentheepe, for thatthe ted of fheep Goareſ forſaketheirfelloweſ, and ſtraggle abroad for food, butthe theepe very ſildome: Srifat andit iſ obſerued that ifa Wolfekill a ſheepe, and afterwardeſ any garmentſ be made of '/*** 4? the wooll of that ſheepe, they eaſily and more ſpeedily breed Lice and vermin then any other, and alſo procureitchin the bodieſ of taem that weare them, whereof Cardanp gi— ueth thiſ reaſon : Hand mirwm videri debvet oniſ pellem a lupo dilaniat a pPruritum monere nam Obuchementem metam.,tum etiam ob contrariam natur am mal; Afficitur ,et (i morſ enim vltimii Sit Supplicium, magiſ tamen afficitur corpuſ in vno quam in altero genere, metuit horeo magiſ in marifluTFnanſ quam coram hoſtibuſ . It ought rot (ſaith hey moue any man to wonder that the wooll of a the ep trorneaſunder by a wolfe ſhould begetand breed itch,for tharaffecti— onariſethfrom both, from the vehemency of the feare before it bee dead throughthe fight and ſence of the wolfe,and alſo by reaſon of a contrary natur e that it iſ opprcſſcd and , devoured by, and although death bethe laſt pubiſhment, yer weſee diuerſ ?xff-cctlons_ fol— low dead carkaſeſ after death, and aſ a man iſ more afraid of the ſea when he iſ in perrill of deaththerein, then of the face of hiſ enemy, ſo iſ it iſſ thiſ caſe, betwixt the Sheepeand the wolfe. The ſame Cardan affirmeth, that ſheepeare aftaid of wolueſ euen after death, for the Wooll of a ſhcepeſ ſkinne will fall of in the preſence of 2 Wolfe . . Vato thiſ ſubſcribeth —chblilt 3 Opprantſ | | b ) } E 630 The Hiſtorie of Foure;, votedBeaſiſ. Oppianaſ ,or rather Albertuſ received it from Oppiannſ, and furthermore (it iſ ſaid) that if the ſtringſ of a Sheepeſ and Wolteſ gutſ be tſſaflcncd to one and the ſame inſtrument, they will neuer make good Harmony;aud furthemore if a drumme be made of a Sheepſ ſkinne, and another of the W olueſ ſkinne, the drum of the Shcepeſ skctinnc williarreand found vnpleaſantly in the preſenceof the W olueſ ſkin : but of theſe thingſ I haue no cer. taine groundſ, onely I ſay that there may be paturalireaſon from the ſubſtance and mat ter, both of one and other , why thiſ accident may chance without diſcorde and hatred of each other, but from the difference and ſolidity ofthe matter;aſ for cxct'ſſmpch ,the gutſ of a wolfe are ſtrong and hard, and wilabide greater ſtrain then the gutſ of a ſheep, if there. forethemuſitian will ſtraine the onelike the other ,it muſt needeſ fly aſun@cr : likewiſe the '** akin will gine a deeperandlowder found vpon a drum, by reaſon of the ſubſtancethena ſheepeſ : and ſo ſome may ignorantly aſcribe that differenceto an antipathy in nature, for aſ a Candle in the preſence of a great Torch or fire, giveth leſſe light to the eye, ſo dotha drum made of a Sheepeſ ſkin , leſſe ſound to the ſence of hearing, in thepreſence of another made of ſtronger and harder beaſteſ ſkin : and to coPclude, aſ a twine thread willnot hold ſtretching in the preſence, ( Imeane in comparifion of a filke thread) al. thoughitbe of the ſame quantity, euen ſo will not a Lute ſtring made of a Sheepeſ gut, in compariſon of another made of out of a Wolfe . But all the queſtion iſ how it com— meth to paſſe, that one of the Skinneſ hanged.vp in the preſence of the other ſhould bee conſumed before the other, that iſ a Sheepſ' ſkinne in the preſence of the Wolfeſ, aſ a | Gooſeſ ſkinne willlooſe the featherſ before theEagleſ. The anſwer iſ eaſie,for the dry— " er that the body iſ, the leſſe excrementtallhumor it conteineth, and ſo wil laſt thelonger, andall wilde filueſtriall beaſteſ aredryer then the tame, modern, and domeſticall, aſ for example, the Wolfe then the Sheepe,the Lyonthen the Dogge, the Pheaſant then the Cocke, the Zagle then the Gooſe : and for theſe cauſeſ the ſkinneſ of the one doe waſtbe. fſiorcthc other, notfor feare or ſecret oppoſition, but for want of betrer enduring ſub— ance. The Poctſ do aſcribe vntotheir Godſ Lancoſ pedeſ, feet made of Wooll, for that they come ſofily and ſuddainely without noyſe to take vengeaunce vppon male—facorſ ; and therefore when they diſeribe Satyymetyed vp a whole yeare with bandeſ of Wooll, their _, meaning iſ, to ſhew how with patienee he forbare hiſ wrath and indignation. Beeſare enimicſ to Sheepe, and thereare no cattell that doe ſo much inrich men aſ Shcepeand Becſ. There iſ a ſtory in Swidaſ and Heſychinſ , of one Cryſamiſ, who waſ very richin Sheepe in the Iſland of Comſ, and there came euery yeare an Eele and ſtole away hiſ beſt Sheepe among all the flocke, at laſt he mer with it and ſlew it ; afterward the ghoſtof the Eeleap— peared to him in the night, warning him ( for feare of other harme / to ſee him buryed. ChryſamiſnegleGed it, and theretore he and all hiſ family periſhed. By whichſtory Ican— not gheſe any other meaning, but that ſome man ſtole away hiſ Sheepe, and for thathee tooke vpon him a privatereuenge, moſt inhumanly ſuffering him to lyc vnburyed, and 40 ſetting more by a beaſt then the life of a man ,aſ a inſtpuniſnment of God he periſhed:and thuſ I conelude thiſ naturalland morall diſcourſe ofthe Sheepe with that fiction of Eſop, who writeththat on a time aſ the Sheapheardeſ were making merry in a cottage, and ea— ting a Shcepe, the Wolfe came and looked in, ſaying vnto' them: Afqui ego ſitantum fa cerem,quantum cieretiſ tumultum. If Lſhouldeate a Sheepeaſ you doe, you would allriſe in an vprore : which iſ fitted againſt them that make good laweſ and obſeruenone them— ſelueſ. of Coelinſ oaad f Of the Ram. S3t OF THE R AM. Auing thuſ made a general deſcription of the ſheepe, wherein we haueſpent nomore time then waſ fit and conuenient, we are nowe ' forced to the ſeveral fpecieſ and kindſ, and firſt ofal,orderand na— Theſeveral ture teacheth vſ to diſcourſe of the male, which in our En gliſh Jan— emt guage iſ called a Tup or Ramme, deriued I do not doubt from the V French &47, although alſo they callhim Belier, the Germaineſ FF0— &, den wider and Hammell, the Italianſ Montone,and Aricte,the Spani— " O@ ardeſ Carmero, the Heluetianſ Rayehen, the Greecianſ in auncient time 2z/oſ, Artacha, Ceraſte , and now in theſe daieſ Xyiare, the Heebreweſ Ail,or Eel,the Chaldeeſ plurally Diker/», the Arabianſ Xab/z, and the Perſianſ Nerameiſth. Now con— ceming the Greeke and Latine nameſ,,there iſ ſome difference among the learned about their notation, Etymology, or deriuation; for although they all agree that Arieſ e/f dwux Cr marituſ pecorum., yet they cannot conſent from whatroot, ſtem, orfountaine,to fetch the ſame. 2//doruſ bringeth Arzeſ ab 47/ſ, thatiſ, from the Altarſ, becauſe the ſacrifiſing of thiſ beaſt waſ among all other ſhcepe permitted, and none but thiſ except the Lambſ. Other derive it of Arezeſ, which ſignifieth vertue, becauſe that the ſtrength and vigor of ſheepelyeth in thiſ aboucall other, for there iſ in hiſ horneſ incredible ſtrength, in hiſ mind or inward parteſ incredible courage and magnanimity,; but the trueſt detivation iſ from the Greeke word Arzeioſ. ** Some Latineſ call him alſo Nefrenſ, and plurally Nefrendeſ, for diſtindGion from the weather or gelded ſheepe,for theſtoneſ were alſo called Nefrendeſ ,ond Nebrundineſ,and the Epithetſ of thiſ beaſt are, horne—bearer, inſolent, violent, fighting,,fearfull, writhen, ſwit, wool—bearer, leaping, head long, warriour, and in Greeke, mecke, gentle, and fae miliar,and iſ not known by the name C##@ſ,for that it leadeth the whole flock to the p2— ſlureſ, and backe againe to the foldeſ. And thuſ much may ſuffice for the name and de— monſtrative appellation of thiſ beaſt, now we will proceed forward to the other parteſ of 3" hiſ ſtory, not reiterating thoſe thingſ which it hath in common with theſheepe alreadie deſcribed, but onely touching hiſ ſpecialland infeperable proper qualitieſ. Firſtof all for the election of Ramſ fit to be the father of the flocke, and to generate The chiefe and increaſe yſſue, and therefore Parro and otherſ call him Ad/ai/ſarinſ Arieſ, a ſtallion Z:Zfctl_ſis H Ram. They were woontto make choiſe ofſuch an one from an Ewe that had brought foorth twinneſ, for that it iſ conceined, he willalſo maltiply twinſ ; for firſt in the choyſe ofa Ram they looke vnte hiſbreed and ſtocke from whence he iſ diſcended, and then to hiſformeand outward parteſ ,aſ in Horſeſ, Oxen, Doggeſ, Lyonſ, andalmoſt all crea— . tureſ. There areraceſ and ſtockeſ which are preferred one before another, ſo iſ it alſo 45 in Sheepe, and therefore require that he be z007 ſeminiſpecuſ, aRam of a good breede, and next of the formeand outward partſ, although ſomeneuer look further then colour, butCo//amella aduiſeth that hiſ wooll, palate of hiſ mouth, and toonguebe allofone co— lour, for if the mouth and tongue beſpotted, ſuch alſo will be the yſſueand lambeſ he be— Dotiaiie getteth, for we hane ſhewed you already , that the Lambe for the moſtpart followeth the colour of the Ramſ mouth, ſuch a Ram iſ thuſ deſcribed by the Poet ; Illum antem quanouiſ arieſ ſit candiduſ ipſe, Nigra ſub eſt vdo tantum euilingnapalato Refice, ne maculiſ infuſcet vellera pulliſ 50 Naſcentum, — Andtherefore foraſmuch aſ the young oneſ do commonly reſembie the father, and bear ſomenoteſ of hiſ colour, let your Ram be allblacke or all white, and inno caſe party—co— loured, and for the ſtature and habite of hiſ body let it bee tall and ſtraight, alarge belly, þ:*"giflg downe and well cloathed with wooll, a taile very long and'rough. a broad fore— head, large ſtoneſ, crooked—winding—horneſ toward hiſ ſnowt, hauing hiſ eareſ coucr_c;i with ((reſcentiuſ The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. T99 G T ','lm," = < ſiiſiſiſi!iſſ?f#!fezeewſiwzzzſi,,ſivſif,/,ſiſigſig ;-%'ſi/ſſzzſinſſ'\ — 2 ſi//"j'iplz ffi/ſi-)ſi,ſi-%)ſi' IZ er 46 2 3 40 vA Of the Ram . with wooll, a large breaft, broad ſhoulderſand buttockeſ , hiſ fleece preſſcd cloſeto hiſ body, and the woollnot thin nor ſ_\cand_ing vp. And for the horneſ; although in all Regi— onſ Ramſ hauenot horneſ, yet for windy and cold countryeſ the great hormned beaſteſ 6; NaRe aretobepreferred, for that they are better able through that defence to beare off winde (C#r#llſ and weather, yet if the climate be temperateand war me, it iſ bettet to hauve a KRam with— out horneſ,becauſe the horned beaſt being notignorantwhat weaponſ he bearethonhiſ head, iſ apter to fight then the polde ſhe=pe, and alſo more luxuriouſ among the Eweſ for he will not endure a riuall or companion—huſbande, although hiſ owne ſtrength and nature cannot couer them all: butthe pold Ram on the otherſide iſ not ignorrnt how na — ked and bare and vnarmd iſ hiſ head,and therefore like a true coward ,flcgpeth in a whole 6 ., : : — . kin,being nothing ſo harmfulto hiſ coriualſ, nor to the femaleſ, but well indureth part= nerſhip in the worke of generation. timepull itin;ſoalſo doth the ram ſometime put forth the ſickle;and ſometime. pul itin, and hideitwithimtheſtaſne, © that by thiſ engine they did not ouerturn the.walſ, but al— ſo they cauſed.the ſteneſto:flie vpon the enimieſ like thunder—boltſ,;: ſtriking themdown on cuery ſide, and wounding withtheir fal or ſtroke like the bloweſ ofan armed man;and againſt theſeforceſ ther@were cotinter—forceſ deuiſed on the part ofthe befieged, for be— cauſethe greatneſ thereofwaſ ſuch aſ it could not be moued without ſingular noteando— ſtentation,it gaue the beſfeged time to oppoſe againſt it their inſtrumentſ of war fortheir ſafegard, ſuch were called Calritre, Laquei,; Lupi ferrum;madelikea paire of tongſ; wher— by aſ Polyenuſ writeth, many timeſ it came to paſſe, that when the wall waſ oqucrthrowne 50 theenimieſ durſtnot enter;ſaying : Cerle ho#eſ ſponte ab obſeſſiſ deſtrueta moenia metn— enteſ ingrediin vrbem non andebant . And thuſ rouch for the force of ramſ boththecirtrue and naturall ſtrength, andalſo theirartificial imitation by men» Now on the otherſide the gviſe ſhepheardſ wantnot deviſeſ to reſtraine the wrath of theſe impetionſ beaſtſ, For E picharmuſ the Syracuſanſaith;if ther be ahole boted in the backer part of hiſ crooked horn neerhiſ eare, it iſ veryprofitable to be followed, for ſecing that he iſ captaine of the flock, Of the Ram. 635 and that heeleadeth all the reſidue, it iſ moſt neceſſary thathiſ health and ſafeguarde be er a £ t i PrmClPAHY regarded, and therefore the auncient ſhepheardſ were woont to appoint the capraine of the flocke from the prime and firſt appearance of hiſ horneſ, and to giue him . y 2 o hiſ name, whercof herooke knowledge and would leade and goebefore them at theap— pointment and direction of hiſ kecper. When he iſ angry be beateth the ground with hiſ foot ,and they were woont to hange aboord of a foote broad,whercin were dronert many ſharp naileſ wich the pointſtoward the head, ſo that when the beaſte didofferto fighty withhiſ owne force he woundeth hiſ forchead. They were wont alſo to hange a ſhrimpe at the horne of the ram , and then the 1 Wolfe will heuer ſet vpon their flockeſ. WMoraiuſeſ And concerning their borneſ whichare the Nobleſt partſ of thcir body moſt regar— of ramſhomſ ded; yet I muſtſpeake more, for there waſ wont to be euery yeare amonge the Indianſ a edAchernſ fight betwixt men, wilde beaſtſ, bulleſ , and tameramſ: and a murcherer in auncient time waſ wont ro be put to death by a rim , for by art the beaſ waſ ſo inſtru Ged,neuertoleaue him till he had daſhed out hiſ braineſ. Itiſ reported of a ramſ horneſ conſecratedat Deloſ, broght from the coaſtſ of the red Plutarch, ſea, that weighed twenty and ſix poundeſ , being two cubitſ, and cightfingerſ in length. There waſ a ram inthe flockſ of Perieleſ; thathad but onehorn,; wherupon when ZLaypon the poet had looked ;heſaied : EX duabaſ quzimurbevigerent factiontbuſ,fore vt alter a ob— (Colinſ , Scurataad wnum periclem, apud quem viſwum foret portentum reſideret cinitatiſ potentia, That whereaſ there were two contrary—raging—faGionſ in the citty, itſhould happen that Peri— leſfrom whoſe poſſeſſionſ that monſter came, ſhuld obſcure the one, and take the whole gouernment of the citty. Cardan It iſ reported by Raſ/ſ and Alberznſ,that if the horneſ of a ram bee buried in the earth, they will turne into the hearbe ſperrage, for rottenneſſe and putrifadion iſ the mother of many creatureſ and hearbeſ. There waſ aſ Ar#/Zorle reporteth in hiſ wonderſ, a childe borne with a ramſ head: and it iſ affirmed by Owid, that Medea incloſed an old decrepite ramme in a brazen veſſcll, with certaine kinde of medicineſ, and afterwardſ at the ope— ning of the ſaide veſſell, ſhe receined a young lambe, bred vpon the metamorphoſiſ of , Diſbody. * — Concerning Phyix@ſ; whereofwee haue ſpoken in the former part of our diſcourſe of theſheepe, there iſ thiſ ſtory.He waſ the the ſonne of Arhamaz;and Nepheleſ : Afterward he ldweat hiſ mother being dead, he feared the treachery of hiſ mother in law, and ſtep—dame 24%, Phrixuſ ct)ſict and therefore with hiſſiſter Z/e//e, by the conſent of their father , he ſwam ouer a narrowe the np with arme of the ſea vpon the backe of a ram, carrying a golden fleece, which before that time 3 57 ** hiſ father had beſtowed vpon him. Apolloninſ, Hiſſiſter Felle being terrified with the great roaring of the Water, fell off from the ramſ back into the ſea, and thereof came the name of Zelleſponte; of Helle the Virgin,and Poutuſ the ſea,but he came ſafely to GColchiſ to king Hereſ, where, by the voice of a Ram 40 who ſpake like a man, hee waſ commaunded to offer and dedicate him to Iypiter, ſurna— med Phryx@ſ, and alſo that golden Reece waſ hanged up and reſerued inthe Temple of Colchiſ, vntill Zaſon by the helpe of Medea aforeſard, didferch it away, and the ram waſ pla— cedamong the ſtarſ in biſ true ſhape, and waſ called PHrixem, of Phrixwſ, who, waſ the father of the PDyygian Nation. Ofthiſ fabulouſ tale, there are miany explicationſ and conieCurall taleſ among theler— ned, not voprofitable to bee rehearſed in thiſ place, Celiaſ and Palypharuſſay, that the ram waſ a ſhip, whoſe badge waſ a ram , prouided by Arhamaz for hiſ ſonne to ſaile into Phrygia and ſome ſay, that Arieſ waſ the name of a man that waſhiſ foſter—father, by whoſe counſell and charge he waſ deliuered from the ſtep—mother Zyw», 5% . Otherſay, that there waſ a booke of parchment made of a ramſ ſkin, containing the perfect way to make golde, called Alebypye, and that thereby Phyrixnſ gotaway. But in Athenſ there waſ reſerued the ymage of thiſ Phrixuſ, offering the ram (vpon which hee Apolloniuſ waſ borne oner the Sea) tothe God ZaphyſZim: and whereaſ thete are in Coleh% certaine G)m;.,, ttuerſ out of which there iſ gold growing, and oftentimeſ founde, whereuppon ſome of erat them have receined their naine, aſ Gh/p/arrhoa,and the men of that country ſayed to bee ©** greary Hermolatit, 635 The Hiſtorie of Foure—fooredBeaſtſ. Tectee: Ereatlyinziched thereby, they gaue occaſion of al the poeticall fictionſ aþom the golden ficece. There are in fome placeſ of Affricke certaineſheepe, whoſe wouoll hath the co . lour of gold, andit may be, that from thiſ oc;aſion camethe ta!}{c of golden fleeceſ., Ir iſ ſaid that when Arrewſ raigned in Pelypomeſ#uſ, heevowed to Diana the beſt whatſoeuer ſhould bebrought foorch in hiſ flocke, and it forruned that there waſ ycſſ:ſincd a golden lambe, and therefore he neglecting hiſ vow didnot offer it,byt ſhutit vp in hiſ cheſt Aſ. terward when he gloried and boaſted of tnatmatter, hiſ brother Thryſteſ greatly envied him, and counterfetting loue tohiſ wife Acrype, receiued fromher the golden lambe, Then being in poſleſſion thereof, he contradidted Arrewſ beforethe people, affirmin that he that had the golden Lambe ought to beking, and to raigneamong them, and (o layed a wager ofthe whole gouernment orkingdome thereof with Af7e, whereunto he yeelded, but Zuypiter by Mereury diſconered the fraud, andſo Thyeſeſ took him to flight andthe lambe waſ commaundedtobee offered to the ſunne, and ſo I conclude thiſ dif. — courſe with the verſeſ of Marzzall : Mallia Phryxei ſecuiſticolla mariti Fot meruit tunicam gui tibi ſape dedit. Trenſmura— And ſeeing that I hane entered into the diſcourſe of theſe poceticallfableſ, or rather Rid. tion of ramſ. egleſ whichſeeme tobee outwardly cloathed with impoſſibilitieſ, I truſtthatthe Reader willginemeecleaue a little to proſecute other Narrationſ, aſ that Neptume rransformjng himſelfe into a ram, deceined and deflowred the Virgin p//@bp#, and the auncientſ when 20 they ſwore in ieſt and merriment were wont to ſweare by a Ram ot a (ſſ}ooſc. When the G yantſ waged warre with the Goddeſ, all of the Godſ(aſ the poetſ write)took vnto them ſeucrall formeſ, and Iupiter the forme of a ram, whereof Owid writeth, he waſ called Inpic ter Ammonitſ : re 0 Vnderecurniſ Nune quod, formatiſ lybiſ eſt cum cornibuſ Ammon. There be fome that ſay that at what time Zerenleſ deſired very earneſtly to ſce Zupiter, whereunto he waſ very vowilling, yet hee cut off a ramſ beade, and pulled of hiſ thicke— Heredottſ woolly—rough—Skinne, and put it vppon him, andſo in that likeneſ appeared to Herculeſ, and for thiſ cauſe the Thebazeſ to thiſ day doe not kill ramſ, but ſpare them like fanGified 30 thingeſ, except one once in a yeare, whichthey ſacrifice to Zwpiter, and ſay , that Jupiter waſ called Ammoniuſ arieſ, becauſe that hiſ anſwereſ were miſticall, ſecret and crooked, likea ramſ horne. Sacrificingog NOW CONCTNINE the ſacrificing of ramſ, we knowthat God himſelfe in hiſ word, per— Ramſ anog mitted the ſame to the people of the Ieweſ, and therefore it cannor bee but materiallfor we Gentleſ yſto adde ſomething allo to the diſcourſe before recited in the ſtory of theſhcepe. The gentileſ when they ſacrificed a ram, they roaſted hiſ intralſ vpona ſpitte or broach, and there were certaine daieſ of ſacrifice called D/eſ Agowaleſ, wherein the principal ram of e— very flocke aftrer combate or fighring waſ ſlaine and ſacrificed for the ſafegard of the refi— duc to Zaziwſ, and otherſ by theking : 40 Ita yex placare ſacyorum Numina luniger e contmge debet Ouiſ. There waſ at Tamagrum a ſtatue of Mercury,carrying a ram (and therefore he iſ called rſ— phoreſ Hermeſ,and by that name waſ worſhipped of allthe Tumagyeapſ. Now there waſ a cunning workeman of Calaw/ſ that madethat ftatue, for they fay , that when the Citty waſ greeuouſly affli@ed with a peſtilence, Mereury by carrying a ram about the walſ, de— linered the ſame, and therefore they did not onely procure that ſtatue for Merewr7, but alſo ordained that evuery yeare one of their moſt beautifull young men ſhoulde carry a Gyratduſ, theep On hiſ ſhoulder round about the walſ. In Ianuary they ſacrificed to Iupiter a ramy and in February a Weather. P//2y writeth a ſtrange Riddlewhich iſ thiſ. Cippamomum in Acthtopia giguitur , neg, mctitur niſi permiſcrit deuſ.There iſ Cinamon growing in Ethi opia, and yetit iſ not reaped by men, except the God thereof gaue permiſſion or leave, Ploy, wherby ſome vnderſtand Iupiter whom they called Sabiz, andthe Latinſ Aſſabinuſ.Now Plinyiaith, that ifthey had ſacrificed forty and foure Oxen, Bucke—goatſ and ramſ, with theit intralſ,chey purchaſed leaue to gather that Cinnamon. we en Strabo, 0 3 Of the Ram. When the Romanſ obſerued their S0/;—7277//7a, they ſacrificed a Bul, a Goat, a ramme and aBore,but vnto Zapie7 they held it not lawfull to offer a ram, Fiyſſeſ offered to Nctlp.ſi uneaRam, a Bull} amzl a Boate, and tc(; CZEdUdC thiſ diſcourſe of the ramſ ſacrificeſ, IJ inde a ſtory worthy the noting, recorde Panluſ PVenetuſ oughi 3 Z,Pe,ffiſiouyſſ and full o_f humane blindneſſe aZd Crror, it! et altogech F There iſ a Citty of Ta7zary called Sachion;the inhabitantſ whereof are Mahometaneſ and ydolaterſ, aſ ſoone aſ any of them haue aſonne borne, hee preſertly commendeth himto one ydolſ tuytion and proteCtion or other: and that year together with hiſ young fonncfienouriſheth a ram tamed in hiſ owne houſe : at the yeareſ end, he offereth hiſ ſon 10 andtheram at the next feſtiuall day of that ydoll which he hath choſen; that iſ; he preſen+ rethhiſ childe andkillethhiſ ram ,with greatſolemnity and ceremony in the preſence of althiſkindred, friendſ, neighborſ, and acquaintance, and maketh earneſt requeſt to that ydolltoprotechiſ ſonne, and to guid e and gouerne him all the time ofhiſ life, and ther— forehehangeth vp the fleſh of thatram in hiſ preſence, and afterwarde theytake away a— gainethe ſamefleſhand carry ittoanether privace fleſh, wherewiththe ſaid father and al thekinderedaſſembled do make a great and rich feaſt, reſeruing the boneſ for rel igionſ ſake: And thuſ we ſee howmiſerable men beguiled with error,do not onely makeſhewof falſe religion, buvalſoplay the Hippocriteſ in that which iſ erroneouſ,thinking itan caſie thingtodeceiue Almighty God. 19 Concerning other thingeſ of ramſ ,they concurrewith that which iſ ſaid altoady of ſheepe in gencrall, except their medicinall parteſ, which I willreſerue to the due place: Andheerein adde one thing more of the horneſ of the Rher/amtamſ, and in ſome placeſ of Italy, namely ,that after they be fiue ;ſix;or ſeuenyear old,they bring forth vnder theit great horneſ two other littlehorneſ , and that theſe ramſ are weake of body, and haue but rough and courſe wooll.In other placeſ if at any time they chaunce to beare mo horneſ then two.ft iſ pro— digiouſ and vanaturall. And thuſ \ muchk of the Ram. 49 Mmaai 50 | |D | \ 638 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of the Weather—ſheepe. Lthough thiſ beaſthaue allthingſ in common with the ram aforeſaid, for he iſ amale—ſheepe,and imnature—differeth not from him, butonly by:the Art of man, Imight very welhaue confounded and conioynedhiſ ſtory:with the pravcedent: but feeing that al Nationſ dodiſtinguiſh him from:the ram, becauſe ot one property or defed& in him ;for that hee iſ not to fit for generation, I wil follow the ſtreame, and not ſtriuea— o | gainſt my Authorſ,nor ſwarue from their method; There— I —2—> ',-:;l Ifore in latin it iſ cald Vervex qua/?ver/amaturſ4,for that hiſ na— ferr eget"h| tural ſeed iſ changd & turnd in him ,for hiſ ſtoneſ aretaken away,andſo he remainethlibbed and gelded,being an Eunuch among beaſtſ: The:Gre— cianſ .call him Arion Tomian, that iſ, a gelded ram »for they hauenot one wordto expreſſe him. The Latinſ doalſo cal him SeecZarimſ,and Feſtmſ rendreth thiſreaſon thereof, Quiae— am [equantum agni,becauſethe little lambſ louchiſ company at_*zd follow him: and indeed by reaſon of hiſ vnaptneſſeto generation, the Eweſ f(_)\ſakc hiſ company, andtheramſ cannotehdurehim,thereforcinſtead of other he aſſociateth himſelfe with the lambeſ.In ſome partſ of Germany they callhim Friſch/izg, and alſo FHammvel, which word ſeemeth to be derined from the Arabian word Le/ſan Albamell, a ramſ tonge. The Italianſ—cal him CGaſtrone;Guſtrato, and Moprone,the FErench Mowton; actmd the Illyrianſ Beyam. Concerning the gelding of raniſ or making of VW eatherſ, Lhauenot. much morcto ſay, then that which iſalready expreſſed in the generall tradate of the ſheep, and for the manner I do refer the Reader,not onely to that part, butalſo to the diſcourſe of the calſe and Oxe, wherein I truſtheſhallfinde ſatiſfaction forthiſ point, whether he will do it by a knife, by reed, by finger ,or by hammer; for allthoſe waieſ are indifferently proponed. The beſttime for the geſlding of ramſ, ought to be inthe waine or decreaſe of the moone at fiue monthſ old, ſo aſ he may neither be troubled with extreamity of cold or heat.And ifit benotlibbed at that age, but prolonged tilltwo,three, or foure yeare old, wee haue ſhewed already the Engliſh manner for knitting of ramſ. Beingthuſ libbed or knit,cheirhorneſ grow not ſo great aſ the other maleſ vngelded, but their fleſh, andlard, or ſewetiemoreacceptablethen of any other ſheep w hatſocuer, except they be ouer old,for that it iſ neither {o moiſt aſ a lambſ,nor yet ſo rank aſ a ramſ orEweſ, where Baptifte Fiera madetheſe verſeſ : &> 0 Anniculuſplaceat vel {i ſine teſtibuſ agnuſ, Pinginox eſt hordoquin calet ollivoreſ. Hunc anno ſe duriper paſcua moritiſ anbelat. 49 Maluero, ſ1 aurt villere dineſ erit. Platinaalſo writeth thuſ of the fleſh of Weatherſ, Vernecerſ caro (atiſ [alubr iſ eſt cy melior quam agnina, calida enim & bumida habetur , ad temper amentum tendeuſ ,illa ver o pluſ humi— ditatiſ quam caliditatiſ habet , That iſ to ſay : The fleſh of Weatherſ iſ wholſome ynough, and better then the fleſh of Lambeſ,ybecauſe it iſ hot aud moiſt, but that hath in itmore moiſture then heat, and therefore thiſtendeth to a better temperament.Mupſer writeth, thatthe inhabitantſ and people of 7a/wſſ take thiſ fleſh of Weatherſ and ſaltit afterward dry it in the ayre where no ſmoake may come vnto it 5 afterward they lay it vp in ſtrawe, and ſo hold it much more delicate then that which iſ raized in the ſmoake. 19 Aſ the fleſh of theſe beaſteſ groweth the better for their gelding, becauſe they line more quietly and peaceably , for that their fore—headeſ grow weake and tender,and their hornſſmal, ſo alſo it iſ reported that their taileſ grow exceeding large and fat. Inſome _ Regionſ, aſ in Arabia Felix , and other placeſ, and becauſe the report ſhould not ſeeme feined by me, I willdcſcribe it in the Authourſ owne wordſ , Pawleſ venetuſ writeth thuſ of fab 2 5 on —__ Of the weather ſheepe. 639 of the Weatherſ of Seprbia,and in the re gilonCamandw ſubleGto the great T47>47. I4 74p, tarie regione Camandu vticteſ non trimoreſ aſiniſ Sunt, caudatam loagu Cr latu ot triginta librarumponduſ aquent. InCamandu arerritory of Tartariathereare Ramſ like Aſſes, in ied 2n0i9r wholataile a1 Ifa : ſtature ar 1d quaniity, Wſſho[c taileſ areſo long and broad, thatthey ballance in waight thir— ty pound. Varromap writeth. In edibnſ regiſ Arabrum faiſſepropinguſ vernecem curuſ cauda Pehuit vtiihr, adracoi 4 afonmriſ 4 adeo obeſa fuit vt libr aſ quadragiat a appenderet; Gxpropi Reame vrbem Arabia foeliciſ, verne— CHm gener a rqÞ)Z'flmnſſrſſ quorum cſitct-ctda,-q anzznadz{er('zlyondo eſſe lz'[zzfctsmm qiadragintn quatn— or carent cornibuſ, addo 1 e ffcſi? obeſici® pragueſvut\Vixſincedere poſſunt. Circea Zcolam vrbem erhiopia ſſ:ſiſſctctſiiſſctct non mulli Pondem/zfflſſzmſſq tralunt candaſ, vipote popdo ſedecim: librarumſ , thliſ caput collum nigricant, Cateriſ .-zſſlcjzz ſunto. *Sunt ettam vwerneceſ prorſuſ albicanteſ, quo— yum cauda cubitatiſ eft mng:zfzidtm:ſi modo eluborate: vitiſ, paleBria wvtbubuſ.A mento pendent, que humum prope verrnt. That iſ to ſay; Inthehouſe of tthing of Arabia, there waſ a Weather very fat, whoſe taile waighed forty pound, and neate vnto Reamia, aCitty in Atabia Feelix, thereare abreedbF race of Weatherſ, whoſe taileſfor the moſt part wai— edfourcand forty pound. They want horneſ, and are ſo fat that they can ſcarcely go. AlJ— foaboutthe Citey Z:{lct_z in AcrbZoprn, the \Weatherſ draw long taileſ, waighing ſixtcene Pound. V\'he;coflomchaue their headſ and rrecke blacke} and allthe ot'ncrp_a}ts oftheir body whire, fome of them agdine al whire; hau ing ataile but of a eubit longlikea curiouſ. and planted Vine; theit creſtgs atid haire "halging frdm their chinne to the grounde.. go Thuſ farre of the Arabian Weatherſ.Of the Indianſ hee writeth thuſ in another place. Ciyeſ TavaſuriVrbem totia tanta eff þrendum copii vt dhodent verniveſ ſingnlo aurea wane— ant—Copſþiciunenr illicVerneceſ dl)) copnnd hawd abſimilia demiſ habenteſ, noſtraſ longe ta=, foveſ ferocioreſqne.ſ Capdia vernecem in perigriniſr egionibuſ tuant ſ ſunt, quantuſ mulluſ dpticd. neſwernex. Contingit Heconia buti@diſſimme hoc inimal, & inter quadrapedia Jrigidifomaum e'umſſ/;_ſict cetera eſſavetendi Pequeait he pinguedine inmenſa,cxtenſiſ etiam , aſſibuſ C>neriiſ nom paremzque bunuda natar a velnt piſeeſ ſeniper intremento apta ſunt , That iſ , About the cit= ty Tarnaſar in India thereiſ Trich great plenty of cattell, that they ſell twelue Weatherſ foranoble, and yet thereare Weatherſ which haue horneſliketo the horneſ of Deere, being longer, greater, and fietcet then our Ramſ,and their taileſ in forraign and ſtran ge 30 countrieſ are fatter then any Weatherſ among Vſ ; and the reaſon hereof iſ, becauſe it iſ themoiſteſt and coldeft creature among al fonre—footed—beaſteſ : and bycauſe the boneſ cannot be enlarged to'receine that moy ſture,and leaſt thacit ſhould deſtroy the beaſt b uperance and aboundance, therefore nature hath prouided thiſ remedy to ſendeit forth into theraile , whereby in figlh and fat it groweth exceedingly, the boneſ and nerueſ whereof are not a little extended, for they ate alſo of a moiſt nature like fiſheſ, and there— foreaptto encreaſeand growimimeaſurably. e Thuſ much ſay they of the taileſ of Weatherſ, now Iknowſuch iſ the ſolidity of diverſ Readerſ & people,that for theſereportſ, they wil preſentlygine both theſe Authorſ and me the VWhet—ſtone for rare vatruthſ and fiGionſ; I do not maruaile, for ſuch /I dare af= , fure my ſelfe) doe not belecueallthe miracleſ of Chriſt, hauing ſhorte and ſhallow con— ceipteſ, meaſuring all thingſ by their owne eieſ; aud becauſe they themſelueſ are apt to lyefortheir profit, therefore they are not aſhamed to lay like imputarionſ vppon honeſt men, yet I could ſhew vnto them aſ great or greater wonderſ in onur owne nation (if they were worthy to bee confuted,) for which other nationſ account vſ aſ great lierſ (nay aſ theſeinfidell fooleſ) do them and yet they are commonamong vſ, The vſe of the ſeuerall partſ of thiſ beaſt, iſ noother then that which iſ already repor— tedof the ſheep and Ram,and therefore I willnot ſtand to repeatethat which iſ ſo lately related, and forthe remedieſ or medicinal vertueſ ,I ſynd few that are ſpecialexcept thoſe whichate common between thiſ and other ofhiſ kind. It ſeemeth by P/awzwſ that a Wea— y therſheep iſ accounted the moſt fooliſh of allother, a coward and without courage, for — ſPCaking of a mad dotiſh fellow he writeth thuſ : Egoex bac /Zz{ma verneced, wolo evogitare; meo minore quod ſit fattum filio. That iſ,I will demaund of thiſ blockiſh weatherſpiAute, (meaning hiſ fooliſh ſeruant) what iſbecome of my younger ſon. Theſewere among the Paganſ ſacrifyced,but not among the Teweſ,for they haue nor ſ9 much aſ a name for it, &it iſ probable thatſeeing it iſ an vnperfed beaſt,God forbac'iext Mmm 2 ino ""tpee— 64.0 The Hiſtorie of Foure—fooredBeaſtſ. to hiſ ſangtuary: when the gentileſ brought a Lambattheſideof a "\ctNcather tobe _ſzffl'ſi. ced, they called them Ambegai.and ſo alſoa Lamb and an Oxe. Alciatu#ſ maketh thiſ pret. ty emblem of a Weather which with a Hedghog iſ thearmeſ of AG/a/ze, wherewithall Feſtuſ I will conclude thiſ diſcourſeſ Bituriciſvernex, Heduiſ dat (uenlaſignum. Aiſ populiſ patriz dehituorigo mex eſt . Quamſ Mediolanum ſacyam—dixere puelle Terram : nam vetuſ hoc Gallica lingua ſonat. Caulta minerna fuit , nunc eſt wvhinumine T cela iſ Mutatomatriſ virginiſ ante domum» Laniger huic}gnum ſuſ eft , animald, biforme. Adcribuſ hinoſetiſ, lanitio inde lewt . OF THE LAMBE——— em He Lambe iſ diverſly tearmed by the Hzbreweſ, aſ iſ al— yy ffl?ſſ ready ſhewed in the ſtory of the ſheep, (inſome part) and now more particularly , Seh fignifieth a Lambe, Az/cb and Kebeſ a Lambe of a yeare old, alſo Ged/, according to the DA\| opinion of Dauid Kimbi,m;Greeke Arniouand Arza,and 124 SNEAI Amnoſ, and at thiſ day A707, the Italianſ Agna, Agno, A4g— & nello,the Spaniardſ Cordero,theFrench Agaean, and A4g— nelet,the Germanſ Lamb and Lemblein, and aſ the firſt year we callit in Engliſh a Lamb.ſo the ſecond yeat a hog '// || Lam—hog, or Teg if it be a female, the third yeare Hog. 8 grilſ and Theaueſ : the Latinſ call it Agzuſ, of the Greeke word Agnoſ,caſtuſ quia eft hoſtia pura & immolationi apta. That iſ, chaſt forthat a Lambe iſ pure and cleane, and fitfor ſacrificing.. . — . : ® And the common epithitſ expreſſing themature ofthiſ beaſtaretheſe, rough yearling, weake, vnripe, ſucking, teader , butting , fat, milke—eater, merry, ſporting, bleating, affa— 30 ble or gentle,field—wanderer, horne bearet, horne—fighter, vnarmed; vulgar, wooll—ſkin— ned, wooll—bearer, wanton, mreke, delicate, and fearefull : and all theſe arethe epithetſ of amale Lamb, but of the female I find theſe following; dumb, ſnow—white, neate, young, fearefull, blacke, tame, hbumble, and tender, andthe Grzecianſ Hedjypuonſ ,becauſeof the ſweet ſmellthat iſ found in them when they are young and ſucke their damſ. We read that the Lambſ of Affrick, both maleſ and femaleſ are yeaned with hornſ, the reaſon whereof iſ ſhewed inanother place, and it iſ a common and natural thing to them all aſ ſoone aſ they are fallen out of their damſ belly ,they preſently leape and run about Of the meek their damſ, andalſo learneto know them by whom they are nouriſhed, according to the diſpoſttion of ſaying of Lucretiuſ : Pratrea teneri tremuliſ vocibuſ hoedi, 40 Lambeſ. . _ Corniferaſ norunt matreſ,agniſpetulti, S. Ambroſe writeth thuſ ofthe inclination of a Lambe to hiſ mother, and the loue of her milke. Agauſ ſimpliciſſimuſ onium recognoſcit votem parentiſ, cum amatre quandog, obertaty Frequenter cam balatu excitat multiſ þ,licet verſetur in millibuſ onium &> feſtinat ad cam nom quarmuiſ cibi c> pontuſ deſiderio tenetur tran/ſeurrit tamen aliena vher a licet humore lattiſ gra— mda exundent ſoluiſ}, materni laCT iſ fonteſ requirit. The Lambe iſ a moſt ſimple beaſt, and errethmany timeſ trom hiſ motherſ ſideſ, Zauing no other meaneſ to provoke hiſ mo— ther to ſeeke him out but by bleating, for in the middeſt of a thouſand ſheep it diſcerneth the voice of hiſ parent, and ſo haſtenethto her when it heareth her; for ſuch iſ the nature of thiſ poore beaſt, thatalthough there bee many other Eweſ which gine ſucke, yet they $0 paſſe by al their vdderſ to taſt of their motherſ fountainſ,& the Ewe knoweth her y oung one by ſmelling to the backer part:the lamb al the while it ſucketh waggeth & plaiech with the tail. When the lamb iſ newly falen, for a day or two in ſome countrieſ they put them vp cloſeinto a ſtable for a day or two or three, till they grow ſtronge, and are well filled with Milke and know their dammeſ, and ſo long aſ the Ramſ feede with the femaleſ they keepe The ſeuerall Namcſ e Ariſtotle Aclianuſ Of the Lambe. 64%1 keepe inthe Lfl.)fi_bc'sz ('}nt ſo theyctmay bee cleare day and night from all violencce of the Rammeſ,for at night they lodge ſingle and alone by their damſ ſideſ. The like regard iſ to be had if they doe not ſucke their motherſ, they muſt annoint theit lipſ with butter or Hoggeſ—greaſeand milke, and for two montheſ after their yeaning it iſ not goodto rob them of any milke, but ſufferthem to ſucke all that their davomeſ can blctccch for ſo their Lambeſ will grow more flſſrongc, and alſo their Woollmore fine . And wl*.ſicſi:n they are to be weaned they muſtfirſt of all bee brought out of loue of their motherſ milke, leaſtafter their ſeparation they Ianguitcth, and looſe all naturall ioy, whereby they are ne— uer likely to come to good : afterward let them be hearded or drouc to fielde, but after o their yeaning it iſ profirable when they are aweekſ olde to gine themſalt, and ſo the ſe— condtimeafter they be' fifteene daieſ old. Itiſ neuer good to nouriſh the firſtling or frſ Lamb ofan Ewe, for that commonly they are weaker and more tender then 1\1?/0:her, but the beſtto be nouriſhed are twinſ. Theyarealſothe beſtand ſtrongeſt which are bred in the ſpring time, and much fatter, andmoreable then thoſe which are yeaned in the Autumne . And yet there areſome that affirme,that they which are bred in the Winter are fatter then thoſe which are bred in the Summer, for if ſrength of nature becable to line out the VW inter atthefirſt yea— ning, much more will they be able to endure when they are eider, inthe firſt ſucking of a P#—7 Lamb, the beeſtingeſ muſtbe milked out,for they are apt to fal into many diſeaſeſ, ſuch go aſ are already mentioned in the diſcourſe of the Szſizecpc,gcncrallyto preſerue them in health, they give them Tuy when they are vexed with an Ague,& ſeparate them from the Eweſ, leaſt by (ucking they inſeect their motherſ, then muſt they bec milked alone, and Demacritad their milke mixed with raine Wiater; and ſo given to the ſicke Lambe, and if they wilnot take it willingly, then infuſe itinto herthroate with ahorne, andif they bee troubled with ſcabſ, take Hyſope and ſalt, of each an equall quantity, and if the mouth bee broken out and bliſtered, then rub the afliGed" place therewith, afterward waſh them with vineger, and then annoint them with liquid Pitch and hogſ greaſeſ there muſtalſo be a care had to keepethemfrom Lice. : Concerning the vſe oftheir ſeneral partſ, we haue already ſhewed in the ſtory of theep, 3o and therefore we neeedenot proſecute itin thiſ place. Their Skinſ are fitter to clothmen, then the Skinſ of their damſ, and therefore the H;breweſ ſay that they arefitteſtfor the garmentſ of young men, for they encreafe their ſtrengch and naturall vigor . The Skin — nerſ make great account of theſe Lambeſ—ſkinneſ,and vſe them for the lyningeſ of many garmentſ, ſuch aſ are killed they call the ſkinſ offlaughter—Lambſ. The beſt are brought out of Italy and Apalza,and al thoſe partſ which are beyond Rome. Narbon,; and Spaine yeald plentiful ſtore of black Lambſ.and their Skinſ are ſold by Marchantſ:and white ſkinſ are plentifull in England. Their fleſh iſ nouriſhable and contfenient for foode, but yet inferior to weather mut= ton, for thatit containeth more moy ſture then heate . To conclude thiſ diſcourſe of the , Lambe, the greateſt honour thereof iſ for that itpleaſed God to call hiſ bleſſed Son our Saviour by the name of a Lamb in the old Teſtament,a Lambe for ſactifice; & in thenew Teſtament, ſtyled by Iohn Baptiſt,the Lambe of God that takech away the ſinneſ of the world . There iſ a proucrbin Greek, Arucia (0i lelaleken agniſ tibi locutuſ eſt. A Lamb hath ſpoken thiſ vnito you , and it waſ a prouerbiall ſpeech to expreſſe a diuine reuclation of ſome buſineſſe, that men cannot attaine vnto by ordinary and common meaneſ, becauſe either it iſ concealed,or elſe it concerneth thingeſ to come. For'it iſ reported by SWidaſ thatonce in Egypt there waſ a Lambe that ſpake with a manſ voice, vpponthe Crowne ofhiſ head waſ a regall Serpent hbauing Wingeſ, which waſ foure cubitſ long, and thiſ Lambe ſpake of dinerſ futureeuentſ, y Thelike iſ ſaid of another Lambthat ſpake with a manſ voice, at whattime Rowmalaſ and Remmſ were borne; and from theſe miraculouſ euentſ , came thatcommon provuerb: and ſo for thiſ ſtory I will conclude with the verſe of Zaleriuſ : Aſpena nunc pauidoſ tontra ruit agnaleoneſ. There iſ in Moſconianere volga , a cerraine beaſt o fthequantity and forme of alitcle Lamb, the people call it Boramz, and it iſ reported by Srgiſtounduſ in hiſ deſcriptiſ On of Myſconia, that it iſ generated out of the earth like a reptile creature, without ſeede, with dam without copulation,thuſliueth a litle while and neuer ſtirreth far from the place it iſ bredin, I'mean it iſ not able to mone it elſe, but eateth vp al the graſſe & greenthingſ v V y — c _thflflt can reach,and when it can find no more, then it dycth. Mmm 3 Of Dydimuſ Virrſ | \| C 642 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OF THE MV SM OKN. X\;\ — — ®= : NN \\ 22,)))) ſu) .\\\\\\\\}\\} \\ ® T {7 \ſi*\%"ſſwſi\////))/)))\\mnnm W \ſic\ſi_ ( \\\/ < . (Z — ( i&>—— —_— Egiſi/ —— &—I| — _ >—— 5 Have thought good to reſerue thiſ beaſt to thiſ place, for that it iſ a kind of ſheepe andtherefore of natural right and linage belongethto thiſ ſtory, for it iſ not vnlike a ſheepeexceptin 30 the woollwhich may rather ſeeme to be the haire of a Goateſ and thiſ iſ the ſame which the auncientſ did cal Frybrice.oneſ, Vmbriam ſheepe, for that howſoeuer in haire it diffreth from ſheepe, yet in ſimplicity and other inward gifteſ it commeth nearer to the ſheepe. S#rabſ calleth it Myſme, yet the Latineſ call it Afy/ſimon. Thiſ beaſt by Cate iſ cald an Aſſe, andſom— eſ a Muſmon. ThepiSure which heere wee have expreſſed, iſ taken from the ſight of the beaſt at Caew in Normawdy, and waſ afterward figured by The— odornſ Bexa. Munſter in hiſ deſcription of Sardiniaremembreth thiſ beaſt ( but he ſaith) that it iſ ſpeckled , whereat I do not much wonder, (ſiccing that he confeſſeth that he hath 49 althat he wrotethercof , by the Narration of othetſ. Someſay it iſa horſe or a mule, of which race there are 2.kindſ in Spaine, called by the Latineſ Aſkyxconeſ, for they are very ſmall;but I do not wonder thereat, ſeeing that thoſe little horſeſ or Muleſ are called MyſGmoweſ, becauſe they aze brought out of thoſe Coun— trieſ wherethe true Mwuſ/ſmozeſ(which we may interpret Wilde ſheepe or wildegoatſ are bredandnoriſhed.) Thereare of theſe Muſimonſ in Sardinia, Spaine,and Corſica,and they areſaid to be gotten betwixt a Ram and a goat, aſ the Cimiruſ betwixt a Buck—goat,and an Ewe. Theforme of thiſ beaſt iſ much like a Ram, ſauing that hiſ breſt iſ more rough and hairy:hiſ horneſ do grow from hiſ heade like vulgar Ramſ, but bend backward onely to hiſ eareſ: they areexceeding ſwift of foor, ſo aſ in their celerity they are comparable to the ſwifteſtbeaſt. The people of thoſe countrieſ wherein they are bſſrcd,do vſe their Skinſ for breſt—plateſ.Pliny maketh mention of a beaſt which he called Ophion», and he ſaith hee found the remembrance of it in the Groecian bookſ,but he thinketh that in hiſ time there waſ none of them to be founde in the worlde : heerein he ſpeaketh like a man that didnot knowe GOD, foritiſ notto be thought, that hee which created ſo many kinics Ef CAItS Plny. 0 a Of the Muſmon . 643 peaſtſ atthe beginning, and conſerued of euery kind two,male and female at the generall deluge, would not_af_tcrward permixthem to be deſtroyed tillthe worldeſ end, l?ort?",Cn neither: for ſeeing it iſ apparant by holy ſcriptureſ, that after the world ended., al Crea— tureſ and beaſtſ ſhall rtemain vpon the earth, aſ the monumentſ of the firſt ſix daieſ workſ of Almighty God, for the farther manifeſtation of hiſ glory, wiſedome, andgoodneſ, it iſ an vnregſo.nab\.c thing to imagine that any of them ſhall periſh in general in thiſ world. The Tardinianſ cail_chcſc beaſtſ Myffle, and Ezim Mufflo, which may caſilybee derined from oplzion,.thc.xetorc I cannotbut confent voto them , that the auncient Ophion iſ the Muſinon , being in quantity betwixt a Hartand a ſheepe , or Goate, in haire reſembling a 10 Hart,& thiſ beaſt at thiſ day iſ not foundbut inSaydzp/a.It frequenteth the ſteepeſt mounſ taineſ ,and therefore liueth on greene grafſe and ſuch other hearbeſ. The fieſh thereof iſ very good for meat, and for that cauſe the inhabitanteſ ſeeke after it to take it. ZZy pethinſ in hiſ deſcription of the Hebredian Ulandeſ ſaith, that there iſ aBeaſt notmuch vnlike to a ſheep,but hiſ hair betwixt a goatſ and a ſheepſ, being very wild & neuer found ortaken but by hunting, and diligent inquiſition, The name of the Iſland iſ Ziczhe, and the reaſon of that name iſ from thiſ breed of ſheep called Z%e»#Þ in the Vulgartoong, yet thoſe ſheep agree with the Muſmon in althingſ but their tailſ,for he ſaith,chat they haue long taileſ reaching downe to the ground, and thiſ name conimeth from the Germaine word Herd a flocke, and thereof H## commeth for all ſheepe in generall.Now followeth 20 theconcluſion of their ſtory with there medicinall Vertueſ. F he medicineſ oft/Je iS, Zzeepc in generall. The bodieſ offſuch aſ are beaten, and hane vpon them the appeatance of the ſtripeſ; being put into the warme ſkinſ of ſheepe when 'they are newſy puld off from their backſ, Galew, catethaway the outwatd paine and appearance, ifit continue on a day and a night. If you ,_ ſeethtogither a good ſeaſon the ſkin of the feet, and ofthe ſnowt of an Ozxc or a ſheep till 30 they bemade like glew, and then taken forth of the pot and dried in the windie aire, iſ by Siluiuſ commended againſt the burſtneſ of thebelly. The blood of ſheepe drunke, iſ profitable againſt the falling ſickneſſe : Alſo ZIzppocrareſ preſcribeth thiſ medicine following, for a remedy or purgation to the belly, firſt make a perfume of Barly ſtecped in oyle vpon ſome coleſ, and then ſeeth ſome mutton or ſheepſ ?## fieſh very much, and with decoCion of Barley ſet it abroade all day and night, and after— wardſeeth itagaine and eat or ſup it vp warm, and then the next day with hony , Frankin— cenſe, and Parſely, allbeaaen and mingledtogither, make a ſuppoſitory , and with wooll putit vp vnder the party, and it ſhall eaſe the diſtreſſe. Theſameficeſh burned and mix— 40 ed in water by waſhing, cureth all the maladieſ or diſeaſeſ ariſing inthe ſecretſ, and the broathof Mutton, Gooſe, or Veale, wit help againſtthe poiſon by biting if it be not drawn outby cupping glaſſe nor by horfe—leach. The ſewet of a ſheepe melted at the fire, and with a linnen cloath annointed vpon a burned place, doth greatly eaſe the paine thereof. The liver with the ſuet and AZzzecauſeth the ſearſ of the fleſh to become of the ſame co— lour that it waſ before the wound, it being mixed withtoaſted ſalt, ſcattereth the buncheſ in the fleſh, and with the duſt of womenſ baire, cureth fellonſ in the fingerſ, or any parte ofthebodieſ. The ſewet of ſheepe or goatſ, being mingled withthe inice ofrenniſh wine grape, and ſhining horſe—flieſ, doeth without allſcruple or doubt, eaſe the paine of the melt, if it bee annointed thereupon. The fat of ſheepe doeth very caſily expel the rough— 30 NeEſ of the naileſ. —_Theſewet of ſheepe or any other ſmall beaſt, being mixed with the herbe called Melan— der, and pounded with Alum, afterward baked together, and wrought into the maner of aſeare—cloath, doeth verie much caſethoſe which are burned by fire in any partſ of their ILecſ/lw body, being welappliedthereto. The ſewetofa ſheepe being alfo applyed to thoſewhich hauckibeſ. in thehceleſ, or chilblaneſ in thcir feet, wil preſently heale them, I7 e | \ |} \ 643 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Theſewet of a ſheepemixed with womenſ haire which iſ burnit to pouder, doethver effeQually cure thoſe which haue their toyntſ or articleſ looſe, beeing annointed ther e. upon. : I4 A Pling f The fat of Goatſ or ſheepemoiſtned withwarme.water, and boiled togither, being annointed vppon the cieſ, dothfpeedily cure all paineſ,ſpotſ, or blemiſheſ in the ſamz whatſocuer. The fat of a ſheepe boiled and drunke with ſharpe wine, iſ an excellentre. medy againſt the cough. T he ſame medicineiſ alſo effeQually vſed for the expelling of horſeſ cougheſ. Theſewetr of a ſheep being boiled with ſharpewine, doth very ſpee= dily cure the, obſtruction of the ſmall gutſ, bloody flixe, and any cough of what conti— nuance ſocuer. 19 CMercla: Theſame being in like manner drunke while it iſ hot, iſ accounted for an excellent remedy againſt the collicke pſſaſ—;ion.ſi ſſ.[ſſ'hc ſewet oſaſhccpect, or of a male—Goat, be— ing mingled with the fime or dung of a female goat, and/ Saffron, doth very effeSually cure thoſe which are troubled with the gowt or ſwelling of the ioyntſ, bcing andoifnted ypon the place ſo greeued. — It iſ alſo reported that the ovitward ſewet of ſheepe (be. tweene the fleſh and the ſkinne) betweene the hinderleggeſ,; iſ: very wholeſome for dieſcorideſ. the curing. of ſundry paineſ and diſeaſeſ. Shceepeſ ſewet or the fat ofany other ſimall, beaſt being gathered from the reyneſ, mixed with ſalt, and the duſt of a pumeiſe ſtene, being applyed—vato'the yard of any man, doth very ſpeedily cureall paineſ, Acheſ, or ſwellingſ therein. The fat of ſheepe 20 which iſ gathered from the caule or cell, being mingled with the aforeſaid medicineſ do heale allother paineſ inthe priny memberſ of man or VWoman whatſocuer. The ſame ſewet doeth ſtay the great exceſſeof bleeding in the noſe, being anoynted there— yppon. Shcepeſ ſewet mixed with Gooſe—greace and certaine other medicineſ, being taken in drinke, doth helpe abortmentſ in women. The liner of a Sheepe iſ accounted an excellent remedy againſt the ſnedding of the haire on the eye liddeſ, being rubbed thereuppon. The ſame being alſo baked or boyled, iſ accounted verye profitable for ſheepeſ cieſ, if it be wellrubbed therean. The marrow of ſheepe iſ very good to an— noint allacheſ and ſwellingſ whatloeyer. 30 Thehorneſ ofſheep orof goatſ pounded to powder, mingled with parched bar— ley which hath bene well ſhaled, andaltogither mixed with oile, being taken in a cer— taine perfume, dothhelpe women oftheir ſecondſ, and reftoreth to them their men— ſtruall Guxeſ. Sheepeſ horneſ burned and beaten in wine vatill they be tempered like a pill, the right foot being: annointed with the right horne, and the left—foote with the left, will mittigate theſorrowof thoſe which are very ſore pained and troubled withthe y gowt. Rhewmaticke, pr watry eieſ, being annointed with the braineſ of ſheep are very ſpeedy and effeQually cured. The braineſ of theſame beaſt iſ exceeding profitable for the bree— ding of young childrenſ teeth, being annointed vppon the gumſ. The lungſ or light of 49 ſmall beaſtſ , but eſpeciallie of a ram, doe reſtorethe true Skinne and colour of the ficſh, in thoſe whoſe bodieſ are fullofchopſ and ſcarreſ. The lungeſ or lightſ of the ſame beaſtconcodted vppon the vppermioſtſkinne of anye man,andapplyed verice horthereunto, doe diminith the blacke or blew placeſ therein, whichhauebinrececiued by the occaſion of any ſtripeſ or bloweſ: The lungſ of ſheepe ,ei;, being newtaken out of their bellieſ, and applied while they are hot vnto beaten or bruiſed placeſ, doeth quite aboliſh theſigneſ thereof, and in ſhortſpace procure remedy. The lungſ of ſheepe or ſmal Cattle being roaſted and taken by any man before hee drinketh, w it reſiſtallkind of drunkenneſſe. Thelungeſ of ſheepetaken out of their bellieſ,and bound about the headſ of thoſe which 50 are phrenſie while they are hor, will verie ſpeedily caſethem of their trouble. Thelungſ of ſheep being hot ard bound to the head,iſ acounted very profitable for thoſe whichare troubled with the peſteferouſ diſeaſe called the drowſie cuill. Thelungſ ofſhcepebeing boled with Hempe—ſeed, ſo that the fieſh be eaten, and the water wherein it iſ ſod be drunke,doth very effectually cure thoſe which are greeued with excoriati— Hippocrateſ, we &» & oz Of the Sheep. excoriationſ in their bellieſ, and the bloody flixe. The Inngeſ of ſheepe being ap plyed while they are hot, doth heale the gowt, Theliner of white ſheepe well boiled, made moirſt with water, thoroughly beaten and applyCd vnto the eye—lidſ, doth purge Rhewmatick cieſ, and cauſe them to beofa more Hippocrateſ, cleareand ample ſight. If a woman bearing young, ſhall be puffed vp with winde, gine hertheliuer ofa ſhcepeor goat beaten intoſmall, powder while'it iſ hot, being Pur:c and without mixtureforfoure daieſ togither to eate, and let her drinke onely wincſi, and thiſ will very fpeedily cure her. The gallof a ſheepemingled with hony , healeth the Vicerſ of the eareſ, and procu— e retheaſſe hearing. The gall of a ſheepemingled with ſweet wine, ifitbe termmpered in the manner of a gliſter, and "afterwardſ rubbed vpon the eare— lappeſ, the vicerſ being quite purged, will procure aſpeedy cureand remedy. The gall of the ſame beaſt dyſtilled with a womanſ milke, dothaiſo moſt ce rtainely beale their eareſ which are broken within ,and fulofmattery corruption. / The gall of a ſheep being mixed with common oyle,or oylemade of Almondſ, doth alſo heale the paineſ of the eareſ, being powred thereinte. Cankerſ, orthe cotuſion of the fleſb; being annointed with the gali of a ſheep , iſ very ſpeedily and manifeſtly cured; theDandraffe or ſcurfeſ of the head being annointed with the gallof a ſheep mixed with fullerſ—earth which iſ hardnedrogither while the head burneth, are very effeCually abo— liſhed,; and driven quite vway. The galof Little cattle,but eſpecially of alamb, being mixed with hony iſ verily com— mended for the curing of the falling cuil. The melt of a ſheepenew taken out by magi— calpreceptſ iſ accoutited very good for the cuting of the paine in the meke, hee ſaying whichmay be healed that he maketha remedy for themelt. After theſe thingſ the ma— gitianſ commaund that the greeued party be included in hiſ Dortor or Bed—thamber, & 64.5 Pffzfl} ſ Albertuſ, Plingſ that the dooreſ be ſealed vp, and that a verſe be ſpoken thrice nine timeſ. The melte ofa . ſheepe being parched and beaten in wine, and afterward taken in drinke , doeth— reſiſte al theobſtructionſ or ſtopping ofthe ſmal gutſ. Theſame being vſed in the like manner iſ very medicinable for the wringing of thegutſ. . The duſt of the vppermoſt of a ſheepeſ thigh, doth very commonly heale thelooſeneſ oftheioyntſ : but more effectually if it be mixed with wax. Theſame medicine iſ made by the duſtof ſhcepeſ iaweſ a Hartſ—horne,and wax mollified or aſſwaged by oile of ro— ſeſ. The vpper parteſ of the thigheſ of ſheepe decocted withHempe—ſeed, doc refreſh thoſe which are troubled with the bloody flix, the water whereofbeing taken to drink.For thecuring of a horſſe waxing hot with wearineſſe and longitude of the way : mingle goatſ orſheepeſ ſewet with Coriander, aud old dil, the Coriander being new gathred, and di— ligently pounded in the inice of Barley, and ſo giveit througbly ſtrained for three daieſ together. 'Ig'hc huckle—bone of a ſheepe being burned and beaten into ſinal duſte, iſ very muchv— 4 ſedfor the making of the teethwhite, and healing alother paineſ oracheſ therein. The bladder of a goat or ſheepe being burned and ginen in a potion to drinke, made of Vine— gerand mingled with water, doth very much auaile and belpe thoſe whichcannot helde Adarcelin:. their water in theit ſleepe. The ſkinneſ which commeth fromthe ſheepe atthe timeof Ga/@ theiryoung, doth very much helpe very manye inormitieſ in women, aſ wehaue before rchearſed in the medicineſ ariſing from goatſ. 'The milk of ſheepe being hot, iſ of force againſtal poiſonſ, except in thoſe which ſhal drinke a venemouſ fly called a Wzg—lcgſigc, and Libbardſ bane. Otmellalſo doeth curea longe lingering diſe aſe, apinteof itbeing ſodden inthree cupſ of water, vntill al the warer be boiled away : but afterwardſ you muſt putthereunto a pinte of ſheepeſ milke or Goateſ, and alſo Honey euery day topether. Some I | ) |: \| 64.6 The Hiſtor»y of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Seme men do commaund to takeone dram of ſwalloweſ dung in three cupſ fulof Goatſ milke or theepeſ milke before the comming of the quarrerm Ague. (Goateſ milk orſhcepeſ milke being taken when it iſ newly milked from them; and gargarized in the Plivie mouth, iſ very effeGualagainſt the paineſ and ſwellingſ of the Almondeſ. . Take a pinte of ſheepſ milk, and a handtal of ſifted Anni—ſeedſ, and let themiſeeth togither , and when it iſ ſomwhat coldlet it bedrunk,and it iſ very good tolooſen the—belly:, Medicinſ ſibcing made of Goatſ milke and ſheepeſ milke, and ſo beimmg,drunke,iſvery:good for the ſhor— cMarcell@t* neſſe of breath. © Sffoin>viibſſ A hbot burning grauclſtonebeing decodGted in ſheepeſmilk, and{o giuen toone that hath thebloody flixe;iſ very profitableto him; —Goatſ milke orſheepſ milke ginen alone 10 Flynerine, WUKC watme, ot ſodden with Butrer, iſ very profitabic to thoſe thatare brought very weak (reſcontien : with thepaſſionſ of the ſtone, and. fretting of the gutſ.— To waſh oneſ face with ſheepeſ & milkeandgoatſ milke,iſ very good to make it faire and {moothſ Eneningſ milkof ſheep that iſ, the laſt milke that they give that day iſ very good to looſen the belly ,and to purge chollor,The haireſ of the head of a Dog burned into aſheſ,; or the.gut of the priuy :place Pliny ſodden in oyle iſ a very good and foucraign remedy for the looſeneſle of thefleſh about the nailſ; and for ſwelling of fieſh oner them,being anointed with butter made of ſheepeſ milkeand hony » An oyleſodden in hony , and butter made ofſheepeſ milke, and honey melted therein, iſ very. profitable to cure Vicerſ— —Old.Cheeſemadeof ſheepeſ milke, iſ very good to ſtrengthen thoſe which have bin troubled and made weake with the bloody 26 flix., Againe old Cheeſe made of ſheepeſ milke, taken in meate or ſcrapedvppon it, and being drunkewith wine, dotheaſe the paſſion oftheſtone. » v There waſ a certaine phyſitian being Skilful in:making medicineſ,—dwelling in Aſia CMareelaſ by Helleſpont, which did vic the dung of a ſheepewaſhed and made.cleanc iin Vineger,for to take away wartſ and knotſ riſing on the fleſh like wartſ,and kernelſ, and hard ſwellingſ _ in the fleſh,, Alſo hee did bring Vicerſ to ſicatriſing with that medicine whichwere bla— ſted or ſcauided round about, but he did mingle it with an emplaiſter. made of wax, roſin, and pitch. ; a dieſcorideſ: _'The dung of ſneepeallo docth cure puſheſ riſing in the night, and burningſ or ſcaul— dingſ with fire, being ſmeared oner with Vineger without the commixture ofany other 30 thingſ. The dung ofſheepe being mixed with hony , doeth take away ſimal bumpeſ riſing in the fleſh, and alſo doth diminiſh prond fleſh :and alſo. it doth cure a diſeaſe called an . emmot, aſ Raſſſand Albertuſ ſay. The dung that iſ new come from the ſheepce being firſte worked in thy handſ, and applyed after the manner of an emplaiſter doth eataway many great wartſ growing in any part of thy body.. The dung of a ſheepe being aplyed to thy Vegetinſ. feete, doth conſtime or waſtaway the hard fleſh that groweth thercon., Shcepſ.dung doth alſo cure al kind of ſwellingſ that are ready to go into carbuncleſ. It iſ alſo good being ſodden in oyle and applicdaſter the maner of an emplaiſter,for all new woundſ made with aſword aſ Galer ſaith : Pling Aut ſiconcluſum ſernauit tibia vuluunſ, & 49 Sterouſ oniſplatide iungeſ, adipeſg, vetuſteſ, Pandere.que poternnt bulcuſ, patulog, mederi. | Thedung of ſheepeand Oxen being burned to powder, and ſmeared with Viniger, iſ ve— ry good againſt the bitingſ and venemonſneſ of ſpiderſ : And againeitiſ very effequall being new come from them,and ſoddewin wineagainſt the ſtingingſ of Serpentſ.Sheepſ dungebeing wixed with honey , and applied to horſeſ whoſe hoofeſ are broken iſ very6 efeQual. } The dung of Oxen and Sheepe being burned to powder, and intermixed therewith, iſ very effecQualagainſt Cankerſ, and allo the boneſ of the Lambeſ thigheſ,being burned intoaſheſ, iſ very profitable to be applied to thoſe vicerſ which cannot hee brought to ci— 50 catriſe, Alſo Sheepeſ dung being made horte in a little gally potte, andkneaded with thy handſ, and afterwardſ applied , doth preſently ceaſe the ſwellingſ of woundeſ, and docth purge and cure Fiſtulaieſ, and alſo diſeaſeſ inthe eyeſ. The oyle of Cyprefſeand hony, iſ very effectual againſt Alypecia, that iſ, the fauling offofthe haire, Anemplaiſter made of ſheepeſ dunge and the fat of a Gooſe and a H en iſ yC Pling. of the Sheepe. iſ very effectuall ag ainſthaire ryſing in the roote of the eare, aſ Raſfſ and Albertuſ ſay. Sheepeſ dung beingapplyed hot iſ very effeQuall againſt the ſwellingſ of womenſ papſ or dugſ» Shbcepcs dung being put into the decodion of Wood—bine, or Hony and water, and ſodrunke, iſvery profirableagainſt the Yellow—ganderſ . Ifthe Spleen be outwardly an— 647 Olſcuruſ noynted with Sheepeſ dung and Vineger, it doch leſſen the ryſing ofit . The dung of Refix Oxenand Sheepe which iſ very moyſt, doth eaſe all manner of gouteſ . The thinne orourmoſt ſkinne which iſ taken from the priuy part of Sheepe, iſ very profitable a— gainſtthe diſeaſe called the flowerſin Women» The dung alſo hath the ſame operation. 10 The Vrine of Sheepeiſ very profitable againſtthe Hydroplic being mixed withHonny. Boeg@@aith orherwiſe, which iſ, that the dung being drunke with Honny iſ auaileable againſttheDroplic. Torakethe weight of a perny of Oxe dung and Shcepeſ dung, and a graine of Myrrh, andtwo ounceſ and a halſe of VW inc.doth ſtay or refiſt the comming ofthe Kingſ evil. The filth which iſ taken out of the eareſ of theſe beaſteſ iſ ſaid to bee very effectuall againſt the flowerſ : It dothmake a barren woman to conceiue with child alſo, aſ Sererwſ ſaith in theſeverſeſ : Dendenterſ ſþumami molli de ducet ab ore, Aut outſ in ſtabuliſ fratt aſ cum ruminat herbaſ, At g, illam meminimiſto potare falerno. The ſweate of a Horſe being made warme and mixed with Vineger, iſ very conuenient againſt the falling ſickneſſe, and iſ vſed againſt venemouſ bitingeſ . And alſo the ſweate of Sheepe iſ very much profitable vnto it. Ifthe hoofe or Anckle—bone of an Oxe chance tobeecut with a Plough—ſnare, Pitch and fat with Sulphvr iſ very good, butyoumuſt roule round about the wound Wooll . Vnwaſhed Wooll doth very much profit thoſe thatarefrenzy being applyed with a fume that ſtoppeth humorſ from comming downe fromthehead. Vawaſhed Wooll being bound vpon the forehead, iſ very good for the wateriſh hu= 30 mor that foweth out of the cieſ . Vnwaſhed Wooll being heated in Vineger, and preſ— ſedinto the eare, and afterwardſ the top of the eare being ſtoppe d with that Wooll, will bylittle and little eaſe the paineſ in the eareſ . Vnwaſhed Wooll dipped in Oyle dfRoſeſ andput into the Noſtrilſ doth ſtay bleeding at the Noſe. Vnwaſthed Woollbeing pluckſ edfromthe priuy parteſ of Sheepe and moyſtned in Oyle of Roſeſ, iſ very good to ſtop thefluxeſ of blood in any part of manſ body . Vnwaſhed Woollbeing tyed on the out— ſide of the knuckleſ or ioyntſ, doth ſtop the bloud or humorſ from runining too and fro. Itiſalſo ſaid to bevery good being dipped in Honny, (andſ{o rubbed vppon the teethor Gummeſ) for to make one breathe or gaſpe eaſfer . Vnwaſhed Wooll being ſineard 0— ver with Hony , and rubbed vpon the teeth, doth make them looke white preſcnr]y after. 4 Vnwaſhed Wooll with alittle Salt put to it and tyed cloſe in a linnen cloathand ſoſcor— chedandbeaten to powder, iſ very good to keepe the teethfrom paine, being rubbed vp— onthern, Pliny eAlbertu: Pliny Spluationſ ( ollumelia (Marcellaſ Vnwaſhed Wooll being mixed with Niter, Brimſone, Oyle, Vineger, and with Tar, Ga being applyed twice aday, doth eaſe all paineſ of the knuckleſ and Anckleſ. Sheepeſ dung and other thingeſ with vnwaſhed Wooll 1ſ very effeuallagainſt the ſtone in the bladder, aſ it iſ ſpoken abouciin the cure and remedieſ of Sheepſ dung . Vnwaſht wooll doth cure all the diſeaſeſ in the priuy partſ of men or women being aplyed thereunto. The blacke Wooll of Sheepe, iſ very profitable for all ſwellingſ in the ſtoneſ or Codſ of men, Thegall of Bulſ put vpon vawaſhed Wooll; iſ very profitablefor the flowerſ of women : 5 Vawaſhed wooll beingapplyed vato thoſe partſ that are dead, dothvery much goodvn— to them, . . White fleeceſ of Woollbeing either applyed alone, or w_ith Bri-mſtor}c, iſvery good for hidden paineſ and griefeſ . Fleeceſ of Wooll given in a fume with Brimſtone ,iſ very goodfor the remedy of the Kingſ evill . Wooll being dyed of apurple colour, and ſo applyed, iſ very good againſtthe paineſ of the eareſ .. There are moreouer very many — * < remedieſ ſſ__\..mſi-. — I ML Cincatnlmiman Sanhammmnncmcanmmmamaaaſ . OA Siger— 648 Plinp Seveunſ Galemſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—fvotedBeaſiſ. remedieſ made againſt diſeaſeſ by vnſhorne Wooll, beſideſ the expelling of cold, being taken in Oyle, Wine, or Vineger, for aſ much aſ—the ſame beingapplyed to the mem— berſ which are out of ioynt, or to any paineſ inthe Nerueſ, doth very ſpeedily andten— derly heale the ſame. : Sheepeſ Wooll being mixed withHearb—Grace and Sheepſ—greace, iſ very much ap— plyedvnto thoſe which are bruiſed, or have hard ſwellingſ in any partſ of theirbody.Vn— waſhed Wooll being often putinto theſoreſ which arebitten by madde Doggeſ, doth perfealy curethem in ſeuen daieſ . . Sheepeſ Wooll in cold Water doth bring remedy wnto thoſe whoſe ſSkinne iſ looſe about the Naileſ: Theſame being ſteeped inhot Oyle may be wellapplyed vnto moy ſtor runningſoreſ: butmingled withHony iſ very medi— cinable for old ſoreſ or feſterſ : and ſtecped in Wine, Oyle, Vineger , or cold water, doth heale any new wound which ſeemeth to bring the wounded party in daunger of death, Dioſcorideſ doth alſoaffirme that Sheepeſ Wooll being vrawaſhed iſ curable for all kindſ ofwoundſ whatſocuer. i | The ſameiſ very rauch applyed vato thoſe whoſe boneſ are bruiſed or broken, ifit bee mixed with the braineſ of a wanton Dogge, and bound hard vpon the grieued place in a linnen cloth . The C#7zhagewian Sheapheardſ dee vſe the vnwaſhed VWooll of Lambeſ of the age of foure yeareſ, for the curing of the Templeſ, or the crewne of the head. If theplough ſhare chance to hurt the huckle—bone or hoofe of an Oxec, take hard Pitch and imt & Bacon—greace mingled with Brimſtone, and rowled in vawaſhed Wool, and marke the a wounded place withalltheſe together with afiery hot yron, and it willbring preſenthelp " and remedy. Vnwaſhed Wooll being taken in ſome certaine perfume doth cure thoſe whichare Frantike, and reſtore them to their former witſ . Spleene—wort being boyled in Hony and mixed with vawaſhed woolwhich waſ ſteeped in Oyle or VWine, iſ very good forthe aforenamed diſeaſebeing bound about the forepart of the head in a broad linnen cloath. Sheepſ woollbeing alſo applyed in theſame manner, iſ anexcellent cure for thoſe which are troubled with a certaine watery rheume or running in the cieſ, aſ alſo theachein the forepart of the head. Vnwaſhed weoollboyledin Vinegerand applyed vnto the eareſ, doth expellallfilth or moyſture therein, and the iſſue thereof being afterwardeſ ftopped with theſame kinde ofwooll, iſ very ſpeedily cured . Sheepeſ wooll iſalfo very good and effecuall for the curing the paineſ of the eareſ which are but new comming vpon them. Vnwaſhedwooll being mixed with Oyle of Roſeſ and put into the Noſtrilſ of any man, the eareſ being ſtopped cloſe with the ſame kind of wooll, will ſtay the yſſuing of the bloud at the Noſe, how fluentſocuer it be. Theſamebeing alſo ſteeped in Oyle and put in the Noſe, doth reſtraine the bleeding thereof. Wooll being plucked or wreſtedfrom thebacke of Sheep, and kept vnwaſhed, doth cohibitetheaboundance of blood, being ſteeped in pure liquid Oyle of Roſeſ. The fame being taken from the backe of a Ramme,doth ſtay ouer much bleeding at the Noſe, the loyntſ of the fingerſ being bound aſ hard aſ poſſible can be ſuffered. Vnwaſhedwool 4 ſteeped in Hony and rubbed vppon the teeth or Gummeſ, doth make the breath of any man more ſweete and delightfull then it hath beeneaccuſtomed . The ſame being vſed in theſaid manner , doth procurea very great whiteneſſe and cleareneſſe in the teeth. Vn— waſhed VVooll being parched and bound in alinnen cloath, a third part or portion of ſalt being afterwardeſ added thereunto, andallbeaten together into {mall duſt or powder, andrubbed vpon the tceeth, willkeepe them from any paine or pgriefetherein. Vnwaſhed VVoollbeing dipped in Nitre, Brimſtone, Oyle, Vineger, and Liquid Pitch, being all boyled together, doth aſwage all paineſ in the hancheſ or loineſ whatſoener, being twice a day aſ hotaſ poſſibly may be ſuffered applyed thereunto . Sheepſ dung mingled with vnwaſhed wooll and certaine other thingſ , iſ very much applyed againſt thattroubleſome and painefull diſeaſe called the ſtone or grauell. ' Vnwaſhed VVoollin cold water, doth cure diſeaſeſ in the priuy partſ of any man or VVoman whatſoeuer . The V Vooll of blacke Sheepeiſ commonly reported to be a very commodiouſ and helpfull for thoſe whoſe Codſ or ſtoneſ are muchſwelled . The galil_ o wo © of the S}yeepe. ofanOxe being mixed with vnwaſhed wool, doth help the purgation or menſtruall fluxeſ of women : but Olympieſ the Thebane affirmech, that Iſopeand Nitre ought to be mix— ed with thiſ wooll for the helping of theſame. Vnwaſhed wooll being applyed vntothe , C' a Noarnſe — —L; . . p {_ccrcc partſ of women doth cauſe a dead f,hx!cſſi to come forth. The ſame doth alſo ſtay the iſſueſ of women. The pure or cleare fleeceſ of ſheep either applyed by themſelue > o | 3 eſ,or min— gled with Brimſtone,do cureal hidden orſecret griefeſ whatſocuer : and Pliny commen— deththem aboue al other medicineſ whatſoeuer. Eleeceſ of wool mingled with quickliluer, are very profitable to be taken for che ſame diſeaſeſ in certaine perfumeſ. The toote of a | Mallowbeing digged vp before the ryſing of the ſun ,and wrapped in vndyed wooll, doth | cure the Wenſ or mattry impoſtumeſ of thoſe ſheepe which haue latelcty broughtctforth 1o young. Sheepeſ woollbeing diedin purple colour, doth very much profit the eareſ : but ſome do ſteep it in vineger and Nitre, to make the operation more effectuall. The duſt otwoolbeing burot,doth bring forth the matter.or corruption lying hid vader ſcabſ, reſtraine the ſwellingſ in the fleſh, and bringeth all vicerſ to a chop orſcar. Wooll being burat hath a ſharp torce, and likewiſe hor together with the ſlenderneſ of the partſ, itdoth therefore very ſpeedie clenſe and purge the ſoreſ in the fleſh, which are moiſtand to much full of matter. It iſ alſo pat in drying medicineſ. It iſ burned aſ if there were ma ny other thingſ in it, filling a new por, which may be couered with a coner which iſ bored through with many holeſ like vnto a ſive The powder of vawaſhed wooll iſ anointed vp— ondiverſſoreſ,and iſ very curable for them aſ bruiſed,new wounded,& ſoreſ halfe burnt, and it iſ vſed for the curing of the diſeaſeſ in the cieſ , aſ alſo for the healing of the fiſtulaeſ and corrupt and mattery ſoreſin the eareſ. The power of the powder of vawaſhed wool iſclenſing, and it doth very effectually purge the eye—lideſ or cheeke—balſ. It dothalſq cleaſeand cure for the moſtpart all diſeaſeſ, aſ Seremwſ ſaith in theſe verſeſ 5 Sucerdacum tepido neitetur lana Lyzo, Ambuſtane ciniſ complebitvnlneriſ ora, Ant tu ſaccoſe cinerem perducito lane. ſ The haireſ which grow about the ſecret lole of ſheep being burned, beaten and drunke in ſweetwine, doth help the ſhortneſſe of the breath, and eaſe the purſineſ ofthe ſtomacke. The woollof a little ſheep being pulled from betwixt hiſ thigheſ and burnt,& afterwardſ 30 dipped in vineger, doth very ſpeedily cure thoſe whicharetroubled with the head—ach, being bound about the templeſ. The duſtof ſheepeſ fleeceſ iſ very medicinable for the curing of all diſeaſeſ in the genitall partſ whatſocuer. The duſt of ſheepſ wooll, doth heale ali paſſionſ in cattell. The Greecian plaiſter (called Ezeapharmacem)jconſiſted of nine ſeue— ralthingſ , and amongſt the reſt of vawaſhed wooll. The filth which ſticketh to the ſheepſ wool & groweth therunto, from which the thing which the Greecianſ cal Oeſypor iſ made, hath the force ofdigeſtion like vnto butter, and alſo alikeability of concoction. Ina cerſ taine medicine of Azpdzromachſſ, for the curing of the diſeaſe of the ſecret partſ,vnwaſhed wool iſ added to the reſt : but Zepaſ (aſ Galeſ ſaith)yfor vawaſhed wool docth addegooſſ greace in the ſame quantity. Somedoalſo for vaowaſhed wool vie the marrow of a young 49 calfe, and apply it intheaforeſaid manner; but thiſ vawaſhed wooll iſ termed of the Grz— tianſ Acſjpuſ, and therefore being by diverſ Authorſ ſet downe divuerſly concerning the making and vertue thereof, Ihave thought good toſet downe the trueſtand excellenteſt way to make the ſamei(aſ D/o/corideſywhom inthiſ 1 ſuppoſe beſtto follow reporteth.Firſt to take new ſhorne wooll which iſ very foft,and not trimmed with ſope—weed, and waſh it with hotwater, then to preſſe al the filth forth ofthe ſame,and caſt it into a cauldron which hath a broadlip, and afterwardſ to pourethe water in, and to ſtir it vp and down with a cer— taine inſtrument with ſuch great force aſ it may foameagaine,or with a v\'oodcnſſ rod ſtill greatly to turne and trouble it, ſo that the filthy froath or ſpume may more largely bega— thered together, afterwardſ to {f prinkle itouer with ſea water,and the fat remaining Wh{ch didſwim vponthetop, being gathered togitherinan earthen veſſel.to poure the water in= to the cauldron :then muſtthe froath be pouredagaine into the ſea water, & laſtly taken outagain,thiſ iſ ſo oftento be done that the far being conſumed,there wilnotany froath beleftremaining,the Ac/jpuſ then being gathered togither, iſ to be mollified with menſ handſ,& if there be any filth therin ,it muſt out of hand be taken away,andallthe water by \ Nno litce v 50 649 Serenut cMearteliuſ 650 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſiſ. little and littieexcluded , and being freſh poured in, let it be mingle}d with oneſ handſ,vn— till the Ac/Þpeſ being touched with the tongue of any one, may lightly bind it, but not ſauor either ſharp or rartly ,and the fat may ſeeme very white, and then letit be hid in an earthen veſſell, butlet there be great care had that they be done in the hot ſun. But there areſome which vſe another manner of way to maketheſame which iſ thiſ, to clenſe the fleeceſ, and waſh a way all filth, and prefſe it forch of theſame, and boile them in water 0 uer a ſoft fire ina brazen veſſelthen to waſh the fat which ſwimmeth on the top being ga— thered together with Water, and being ſtrained in another platier which may haue ſome hor water in itto hide or onercaſtit with a linnen cloch,and lay it forch in the ſun votilit be very white and thick enough. ! . — Some alſo do vſeanother way , aſ thiſ, to waſh the fat being ſtrained with cold water, and to rub it with their handſ, not much otherwiſe then women doc;_m ſcarcſi-cloth , for by that meaneſ it iſ made more whiteand purer. There iſ yet another kind of way to make Aeſy— phſ,deſcribedby Aertivſ in theſe wordſ, take (ſaithhe ) the greafic wooll which groweth in the ſhoulder pitſ of ſheepe , and waſh them in hot water, being thick and ſoft, and ſquize al the filth forth of theſame, the waſhing wherof you ſhall put in a yeſſell of a large mouth or brim, caſting afterwardſ hot water in the ſame, then take the water in a cup,or in ſome other ſuchllike inſtrument, and poure it in and out, holding it vp very high vntill there come a froath vpon it,then ſprinkle it ouer with fea water,, if you ſhall getany, ifnot, with 10 ſome other cold water, and ſuffer it to ſtand ſtill, when it ſhall waxe cold take thatwhich | ſhall flow on the top away with a ladie, and caſtit into any other veſſlell, afterwardſ haui ng put a little cold water init, ſtir it vp and downe with your handeſ, then hauing poured out that water, put new hot water in it , and repeate againe the ſame thing altogether, which we haue now taught, vntill the Ac/ypwſ be made white and fat, containing no impure or filthy thing in itat al, then'dry itin the ſun,being hid for fome certain daiceſ in an earthen veſſell, and kecpe it. But all theſe thingſſ are to be done when the ſun iſ very hot, for by that meaneſ it will be more effecual and whiter,and nothard or ſharp. There are moreouerſome which gather itafter thiſ manner. They put new ſhorne wooll which iſwvery filthy and greaſic in a veſſel whichhath hot water in it, and burne the water that it maay ſomewhat wax hot, afterwardſ they coole it, and that which ſwimmeth aboue in the manner offat, they ſcum it off with their handeſ, and put it away in a veſſellof Tinne, and ſo do fillthe veſſell it ſelfe with raine water, & put it in the ſun couered with a thin linnen cloth, and then we muſt moyſten it a— gain,and put vp the Ac/jpuſ,for it hath ſtrength mollifieng and releaſing with ſome ſharp— neſ, but it iſ counterfeited with wax, ſewet, and Rozen, and it iſ ſtraight waieſ perceived & for aſ muchaſ the true Ae/yp#ſ reſerueth the ſcent of the vnwaſhed wooll, and being rub— bed with any oneſ handſ iſ made like vnto Ceruſe, or whitelead. Euen the filth and ſweat ofſheep, cleauinig to their wooll, hath great and manifold vſe in the world , and aboue all other that iſ moſt commended which iſ bred vponthe Atheriaſ or Gratian ſheep , which . iſ mademany waieſ, and eſpecially thiſ way : firſt they take off the wooll from thoſe placeſ where it groweth, with all the ſewet or filth there gathered together, and ſo pur them in a braſen veſſel oucr a gentle fire wher they boile out the ſweat,& ſo take of thatwhich ſwim— metbat the top, and putit into an earthen veſſel, ſeething againe the firſtmatter, which fat iſ waſhed together in cold water, ſo dryed in a linnen cloth iſ ſcorched in the ſun vntill it become white and tranſparent , and ſo it iſ put vp in a box of tinne. It may be prouedby thiſ, if itſmelllike the ſauour of ſweat, and being rubbed in a wet hand doe not melt, but waxewhitelike whitelead, thiſ iſ moſtprofitable againſtal inflammation of the cieſ, and knotſ in cheekſ,or hardneſſe of ſSkin in them. Of thiſ Ac/jpwſ or vnwaſhed w ooll the Grz— tianſ make greataccount,and for the variety ofdreſſing or preparing it, they cal it diuerſly, ſomtime they call it Oc/mpym Pharmaicon Gometime Ocſupon Keroten, Ocſupon Kerotocide, ſometime Ocſupor Haugron, andſuch like.Of it they make plaiſterſ to aſſwage the FIypochen— driallinfammationſ and ventoſity in the ſideſ:Some vſe Acſopuſ for Ocſypeſ:butignorant— ly, and without reaſon, it iſ better to let it alone, but in the collectionheereof it muſtbe ta— ken from the ſound ¬ from the ſcabby ſheep But when we cannot come by thetrue Ocſjpuſ;then in ſtead thereof we may take that which the Apothecarieſ and ointment—ma2— kerſ . + Iſ " T butning, which might eafily be done, butthere muſt greatcare be had thatitbe not too mucbdryed, but that it mightbeſ@ boyled thatit be no more dryed then a calfeſ braineſ being prepared for meare. Itſballbe ſufficiently boiled when you ſhall wel minglethem at the fixe ythen keep it; hid, and for three daieſ gine itdaitly to theſickperſon fafting.fo that he may .abſtain from meatand drinke two houreſ after »:: Itmay be taken in bread, orin an Egge,oria whaſo— o enertheſicke party bath a defirevato: but there imiſtberegardthathe be notia aicleare place, and that heevſethiſforty daieſ ſpace; which theyare wontto vſe whoſe blould iſ withdrawneor fled away candlet him abſtaine from wine aſſayng hiſhead. ſi Thereare thoſe whichare holpen in aſhort ſpace, ſomeinſixeor eight weekeſ by thiſ Medicine being receined.;: Butitiſconuenient thatitbe required for three monthſ, and thenit will have the more powerthercin . "The lungeſcof a Ramime ,while they: are hot applyed vnto woundeſ wherein the feſh docthtomuchencreaſe; doth both repreſſeand makeitequal. The lungs of ſmal catcel; but eſpecially of Ramſ being cut in ſmal— pieceſ & applyed whileſ they are hot vatobruiſed placeſ,do very ſpeedily cure them and reduce them co the right collour. a < & The ia_ me doth cure thefecteofſuch aſ.are pinchedthroughthe ſtraightneſſe of their ſhooeſ— The lungeſ of a Ram applyed vntokibed heeleſ orbroken vicerſ in thefect, doth quite expell away the pame, notwithſtanding the exceedingachor pricking thereof, Ong drop of the liquor which iſ boyled out of a Ramſlungſ put vponthedmall naileſ vpon the hand; dothquite expellthem. The like operation hath it to expell Warteſ being annoin— ted thereupon . The corrupt bloud of the Iungſ of a Ram vnroaſted, doth hele all paineſ in the priuy member'ſ of man or woman , aſ alſo expell wartſ in any place of the body.The inyee of the lungſ of a ram whiletheyare roaſted vpon a Griditon beirigreceined,dothby theyndtion thereof purge and drive away thelitleblacke wartſ which arewontto grow inthehaire orprivy partſ of any man . Theliquor which diſtillech from the lungeſ of a ram being boiled, doth heale Tertian 3* Agueſ, and the diſeaſe of the raineſ which grow therein: T hcelungſ of a Lamb.or ram be— ing burned, and the duſt thereof mingled with oile, or being applyed rawſ doc heale the ſoreneſſe of kibeſ, and are accounted very profirable to bebound vntovicerſ. The lungſ ofaram being pulled forth and bound hot vnto the head ofany one that iſ frenzy ,wil pre— ſenrly help him. Againſtthe peſtilent diſeaſe of ſheepe : take the belly of a ramaand boile itinwine, then being mixed with Water, give it to the theepe to drinke, andit wil bring preſent remedy — The gall of a ram iſ very good for the healing ofthoſe which are trou— bled with any painſ in the eareſ;comming by the caſualty of cold. The galofaramming— ledwith hiſ owne ſewet, doth eaſe thoſe whichare troubled with the gour. | The gallof a CMlarceliuſ Sextuſ Acſculapiuſ Weathermingled with the wooland placed vpon'the nauellof young children, doth make M#** 4o them looſe in their bellieſ. The ſtoneſ of an oldram being beaten in halfea penny waight ofwarer,or in 3.quarterſ of a pint of Aſſeſ milk, arereported to be very profitable for thoſe whichare troubled with the falling ſickneſſe. The ſtoneſ of a ram being drunke in water to the waight of three halfe pence, cureth theſame diſeaſe. The duſt ofthe inward partſ of a ramſ thighſ being lapped in ragſ or cloutſ,waſhed very exactly before with womenſ milk, dothheale the vicerſ or runningſ of old foreſ.Theduſt ofthehoofe of a ram min gled with hony,doth heale the bitingſ of a Shrew. The dung of Weatherſ mingled with vineger and faſhioned in the forme of a plaiſter , dothexpel black ſpotſ in thebody , and taketh away al hardbuncheſ ariſing in the fleſh. The ſame being applyed in the like manner,cureth S. Anthonieſfire, and healeth burned placeſ, — The filth or ſweat which growethbetween the thighſ of a ram being mingled with Mirthe andthe Hearbe called Hart—wort, and drunkeof each an equal parte, iſ accounted a very 30 excellent remedy for thoſe which are troubled with the Kingſ euil! . But Pliny commen— deththefilth of ramſ eareſ mingled with Myrrhe, to be a more effeGualland ſpeedily re— medy againſtthe ſaid diſeaſe. Nnn 'z The Pliny Sextuſ 654 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. T he medicineſ of the Lamb. The beſt remedy for bitingſ ofSerpentſ iſ thiſ, preſently after the wound to applie Actinſ. ſomelittle creatureſ to the ſame, being cut inſmall peeceſ, and laid hot vnto it, aſ corkſ, Goatſ; Lambeſ, and young piggeſ: for they expellthe porſonand— much caſe the paineſ thereof.An ounce of Lambeſ blood being freſh before that it doriſcongeale mixed with Vineger,and drunke for three daieſ together, iſan excellentremedy againſt the vomit. ting or ſperting ofblood. Thelike force in ithath the blood of a Kidde. Thebloode of a Lambemingled with wine, doth heale thoſewhich are troubled with the falling fickneſſe, aſ alſo thoſe mhich have the fowle euillt Fortheconceptionofta Woman, take the yarde 10 and gall of a Bucke, a Kid,and a Hare, with the blood and ſewer of a Lamb, and the mar— row of a Hart, and mixthenvaltogither with Nard and oyle of Roſeſ, and after her purga. tion, let them be laied vader Her,and thiſwithout all doubt wil make her aptto conceine. The ſkinſ of Serpentſ beingannointed with water ina bath, and mingled with lime and Lambeſ ſewet, doth heale the diſeaſecalled S. Anthonieſfire. "The marrow of a Lambe melted by the fire,, with the oyle of Nutſ and white ſugar, diſtilled vpon a cleane difh or platter, andſo dranke, doth diſſoluethe ſtone in thebladder, and iſ very profitable for a— By that piſſeth blood. It alſo curethal paineſ or griefeſ of the yarde,; bladder, orreyneſ. The ſkin of a Lambe being dawbed or annointed with liquid—pitch,and applyed hot vato the belly ofany onethat iſ troubled withexcoriationſ of t_hc bowelſor the bloody flix wil 29 veryſpeedily cure him, ifhc haue any ſence or feeling of cold in him. If a Virginſ men— ſirualfluxgeſ come notforthatrthe due time,and her belly iſ moved ,it iſ connenient toap— Hippocrateſ, ply lambſ ſkinſ being hotvnto her belly and they willinſhortſpace cauſe them to come forth.A garment madeoflambſkinſiſ accounted very good for the corroborating and firengrhningof yong men. The Skinſ of lambeſ are more hot then kidſ ſkinſ; & are more profitable for the confirming of the backeand the reineſ. Thelittle bone which iſ in the right ſide of a Toad being bound in a young lambeſ ſkin being hot, doth heal both quar— taine and al other feauerſ being aplied thereunto. The duſt of lambſ boneſ iſ very much andrightly vſedfor Vicerſ which haue no chopſ or ſtarſ in them. The duſt of ſmal cattelſ ding being mirngledwith Nitre, bureſpecially of lambſ, hath in them great force to heal Canketſ:theduſt of lambſ boneſ,iſ very much commended for the healing and making of & greenewoundſſonnd andſolide, which thing by the Saracenſ iſ much verified in regard that atal timeſ they gotp war,chey neuer forget to take of the ſame along with them. The ' Jungſ of lambſ dovery effe@Qually cure thoſe whoſe feete are wrung or pinched by theyr ſhoo—ſoleſ.The lungſ of lambſ or ramſ being burned, and theduſtthereof mingledwith oile, iſ very profitable for the curing ofkibeſ or vicerſ, being applied thercunto. It hath Mareeluz the ſame vertue being raw & bound vpon the ſore. The runnetof a lambe iſ of very greae forceagainſtalother enil medicineſ. The runnetſ of ſmal cattel but eſpecially of a lamb, iſ very effeQualagainſtalkindſ of poyſon. The runnetſ of a kid, a lambe,, and a hind—calfe are conueniently taken againſt Wolfe—bare drunke in wine. The runnet of a hare, akid, 49 or a lambetaken in wine to the weight of a dram iſ very effectuallagainſtthe forke—fiſh,& Cureth the biteſor ſtrokeſ of al Sea—fiſheſ. The runnet of a Jamb drunk in wine iſ an excel— lent cure for the biringſ of a ſhrew. The runner of a lambedrunk in water iſ accountedfor Plg. a fafegard to young children whoare vexed with thicke and concrete milke : or if the de— fault ſhalhappen by curded milke it wil befoonc remedyed by a lambeſ runnetſgiven in Vineger. A Lambſ runnet hid or poured intowater,dothſpeedily conibit the bleeding of the noſe , when nothing elſe can flay it. The galof ſmal Cattel but eſpecially of a Lamb be— ing mixed withhony ,are thoght to be very medicinable for the curing of the falling ſick— neſ.The placeſ whichare infected by cankerſ,being anointed ouer withthe gal of a lamb are very ſpeedily and effectually healed. 50 There iſ alſo by the Magicianſdelinered vnto vſ a ſpeedy meanſ forthe curing of the melt, which iſ thiſ, to take a Lambnew born, & inſtantly to pluck him in pieccswiſith oneſ CMeareeltu;, Paddſ,and when the melt iſ pulled out to putit hot vpon the melt of the party ſo grieued, and bind it onfaſt with ſwadling cloatheſ, and continually to ſay , I make a remedy for the melt ; then in the laſt day the ſaime being taken from hiſ body to put itto the Wiall of the bed Plixg. Marcelluſ Plig. of the Strepſicerdſ. 65 þed whereinthe diſeaſed party iſ wont to 1 eit being firſt daubed with di it mi the betrer ſtick, and to ſigne the durt with Z:ucn and?wcmy markeſ ſaſſ.;(iinctzf?ttg?ct; 1!:11?2: Jmakearemedy for the melt, thiſ remedy being done three timeſ it will heale z}*jſi dſſ:c; ſed party although he be very weake and full of danger. But thiſ iſ the opinion of r'ſixc Va- gicims,whlCh Lhereſet downe that they ſhould rather ſeethair folly then belenie, kqſio-ſſ-ſſ: ing them to be/meere fopperieſ. For making the wool to grow ſlower ,the gc-ldcrſis of cſit telanoiat the bloud which commeth from the ſtoneſ of gelded Lambeſ which bein & znoinccſſ_d,dor'h profit very much for haireſ being pulled away ,2ſ alſo again{;c poiſſi)xſi. T\hſiſi; dungof Lambeſ before they haue taſtedof any grafle, being dryed in the ſhaddow, and ©: rubbed to powder and applyedin the manner of a plaiſter, doth heale and caſe aikindeſ 1 ofpaineſ in the chapſ or laweſ. And thuſ much for the medicineſ ofthe ſheepe. | Plinp OF THE STREPSICEKROS, 29 30 Here iſ inCzeereneare the Mountaine 7dſ, a kind of ſheep Bellorwſ Ci\ called by the Sheapheardeſ S7repficerſſ, which iſ not dif— DAIl ferent from the vulgar ſheep, except onely in the horneſ, for they bend not like other ,but ſtand ſtraight and vpright \|| like the V#icorme, and beſideare circled about with certain roundſpeeteſ like a Goateſ horne: Thiſ liuethin Bockeſ, and we haue here beſide thefigure of the beaſt, exprefſed a double form of their horneſ, and forepart of their head, the figureofa Harpe being faſtened to one ofthem aſ it {| waſ preſently draw en. The deſcription whereof waſ taken by Docter Cay of England, in theſe wordſ following. The horneſ of thiſ Strepſiceroſ areſo lively expreſſed by Pliny, and ſo fitly fitted to beareHarpeſ, thatthey ſeemenot to aſke any further narration of wordſ. I will cherefore . onely adde thiſ, they are hollow within, andlong,about two Roman feet and three paimeſ ifyoumeaſure them ,aſ they are ſtraight; but if you rake their ſcantling and length aſ they crookealittle, then' are they about three foor long, they. are in breadch where they loyne yo tothe head, three Roman fingerſ and a halfe, and their whole compaſſe in that placeiſ about two Roman palmeſ and a halfe . Inthe top they areſmooth and blacke, but at the root they are more duſky and rugged, growing leſſer and leſſer to a ſharp point. They with the dryed face did waigh ſcuen poundſ and three ounceſ, and the face which rcma_ineth iſ loyned to the horneſ , and likewiſe the haire of the necke and face, It iſ ſauidthat thiſ beaſt 15 aſ great aſ a Hart, hauing a red haire like a Hart. iſ ut 656G The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. 20 a a caar _ 3 \ \ T 3 \ S A 8 $ S S 3 19 But whether hiſ noſtrilſ wereſo alſo I could not coniedure , by reaſon that theage and long vſe ofthe picce had defaced the noſe which waſ dried—yp,and alſo the haire waſ worne away , ſo aſ it waſ bald, but by thatwhich waſ moſtapparant vnto It. Erather inclined that it reſembled a Hart, from hence it waſ that the drawer made chq noftrilſ lefſe :qh;n mſſlghx anſwere the proportion of the face, and tharwhich iſ ſeene betwixt the horneſ it iſ a piece 20 of the necke , by which relation Icanot belecue that the C>etigay or Idean ſheep iſ a Strep— ſiceroſ becauſe the horneſ thereof do not bend at all, althoughit anſwreth not the name, but the true horneſ of the Strepficeroſ doaſ Thave ſaid reſemble the auncient faſhion ofharpeſ, among out fore—fatherſ, efpecially the handle being taken away, and the face ofthe beaſtplaced inftead thereof. Vntothiſ I may adde an— otherhorn, which iſ to be @< ſeene in the Caſtle of the L.William Wernkere count } of Cimbria, being blacke, hollow , and of the length of oneſ arme , and aſ thicke aſ a great 3@ ſtaffe, and it waſ ſaid that the beaſt beareth two of them, which are to bee ſeene amonge the rare monumentſ of Ferdimandxſ the Emperor; OF THE SQVIRRELL |H e name of thiſ beaſt iſ by the Greecianſ called Seinrſſ, & /lit waſ ginenthem—fromthetaſhion & proportion of theyr taile, which couereth almoſt the whole body; for that whichiſ fabulouſly faide of the Seiapodeſ to haucfecte that 4ſ cougr their whole body, iſ more trucly verified of a Squir— relſ taile, for in the day time being out of her neſt, ſhehi— deth her ſelfe there vaider both from ſunne and raine. The firſt Author that enerwroteof thiſ beaſtwaſ Oppi— anuſ, who liued in the daieſ of Aytominmuſ Ceſar, andthe Latineſhaue no proper or native name for it,but borrow fromthe Grzecianſ, althoughſome of the later, writerſ cal it Piroluſ, and Spmruſ, I thinke they would ſay Scinrzſ,forſoitiſ volgarly termed in La— tine : ſome alſo call it Sea/yrwſ a currendo, becauſe of hiſ nimble running vppon bougheſ, Butall the nationſ of the world derive their ſeuerall denominationſ from the Greecianſ, /** aſ the Engliſh Squirrellfrom Sewywſ iſ not farre fetched, the French wordſ E/@eurjen,and Eſeurean.from whom the Germanſ borrow their wordſ Eychor»,,or Eichorn,or Eych horm, or Etch hermlin,that a weaſillof thetree, and D@ſ Eychern». y The Icalianſ call it Schirzuele, and the Venetianſ (aſ Maſſarinſreſtifeth Schiriati, the Spaniardſ Harda ,& E/quilo,andſome do interpret Comm dreia for a Squirrel : The Illyri— anſ of the Squirrell. — . = Sey G Mitſ ſ v ſſ\ſi \ 9 in y e iio e Sav \ \ —= y \ſſ.\}'ſi,\vſſ % === v 'E—= \ V ut %Lſſ*j = fhvor" 4 anſ Weweeka,and ſome of the Polonianſ WijeWierka, and ſo they turne the mouſe Vazivſ aſ we hauc ſaid elſe—where in that ſtory , and ſome of the Germanſ call it Werck, and Veck, and Fech. Now Albertuſ and Agricola ſay, that there iſ no difference betwixt the mouſe Varzivſ and the Squirrel, but onely in the region which altreth the colour, and therefore we hane expreſſed the ſame figure thereof, remitting the Readerto that which iſ ſaid in that hiſto— , tyofor thiſ (ſay they) in Germany iſ red after it be a yeare old, but before that time it iſ blackiſh, that iſ tillitbe a yeare old : In polowia it iſ of a red—aſh—colour, or branded gry— ſcll, in Ry/%a of an ordinary aſh colour, and for the quantity, food, and maner, or natural inclination, it hath the ſame in all partſ withthe monſe /azinſ. Varinuſ and Heſjchinſ ſay , that the Greecianſ call thiſbeaſt alſo Camp/iouroeſ, and Hip— poureſ, and ſome call the Cappadocian mouſe Neexiſ a Squirrell; the Ieweſ at thiſ dayecall a SquirrellCoach, for it iſ apparant that in auncient timetil they came into theſe partſ of the world into Gr@cia and Exrope, they neuer knew or ſaw thiſ beaſt. And thiſ ſhall ſuffice tohane ſaid of the name. A Squirrel iſ greater in compaſſe then a Weaſil, but a Wealſil iſ longer then a ſquir— 30 rel, the backe partſ and all the body iſ red ,except the belly which iſ white.In Ze/neria they areblacke and branded, and they are hunted in the Autumne at the fal of theleafe, when the Treeſ growe naked, for they run and leape from bough to bough in a moſt admirable andagile manner, and when theleaueſ, areon, they cannot bee ſo wel diſcerned. They areofthree coloutrſ, in the firſtageblacke, in theſecond of a ruſty yron colour, and laſk ofalwhen they be ſtriken in age, they arefulof white hoare haireſ. Their teeth arelike theteeth of mice, hauing the two vnder teeth very long and ſharpe, their taile iſ alway aſ big aſ their body , andit lyeth continually vpon their backe, when they ſleepe or ſir ſtill—Le ſeemeth to be given them for a couering aſ we haue ſaidalready. The maw—gut differeth fromalother, forit iſ Coccum, that iſ , aſ I take it without a paſſage out of it intoany other 4 part then the other gutſ, or like a manſ bladder, and it iſ aſ great aſ their ventricle, which in diſſection hath bin found ful ſtuft with excrementſ. The genital iſ like a bone, aſ ve/@l/— mwmriteth. They vſe their forefect inſtead of handſ, for they ſit vppon their buttockeſ, and mooue theirmeat to their mouth with them, in thiſ point reſembling euery litrle vulgar mouſe, yet being putto the mouth, they hold it in their teeth. They wil eat Nutſand Almondeſ very greedily, and alſo Appleſ,Buckmaſtſ, Acorneſ, and ſometimeſ hearbeſ, eſpecially Lettuce, and alotherſweet fruitſ. Their feetare clonen like mice,and thgr hinder partſ very fleſhy to ſit vpon. In the (ummer time they build them neſtſ, (which in our countrey —, atecalled Drazeſ) in the topſ of the Treeſ, very artificially of ſtickeſ and moſſe, andſuch otherthingſ aſ woodſ doaffoord them. | Themouthottheirneſt iſ variable, ſometimeſ at the ſideſ, and ſx)fflctlmcs at the top, butmoſt commonty it iſ ſhut againſtthe winde, and therefore l\lhmkc tharſhee maketh many paſſageſ, ſtopping and opening them aſ the winde turneth. In ſummer time they E * + fay Ie vrirer vetign i; | t4 gather togither aboundance of fruitſ and Nutteſ for winter, cuen ſo much aſ their h])ſſdj ya 657 "tQep—— I | Z \ b 6358 The Hiſtoric of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. Dray will holde and containe, which they carrie in their moutheſ,, and they lodge manie timeſ two togither, a male and a female (aſ I ſupporſe.)They ſleep a great part of the win., ter like the Alpinemouſe, and very ſoundely,for Lhaue ſeene when no noiſe of hunterſ couldawakethem withaltheir crieſ, beating their neſtſ onthe outſide, and ſhootinge bolteſ & arroweſ thorough it, vntil it were pulled aſſunder, wherein many timeſ they are foundbkilled before they be awaked. They are of incredible agility and motion, neuer ſtanding ftilaſit appeareth by them which are ramed.When they leape from tree to tree, they vſe their taile inſtead of wingſ, which iſ moſtapparant,becauſe many timeſ they leap a great diſtance and areſupported without ſinking to manſ appearance. & 10 Andagaine Lbaue ſeenethem leape fromthetoppeof very hightreeſdowneto the grounde in ſuchan ordinary pace aſ Birdeſ flie from Treeſ to light on the earth, andre— ceinue no harme at al : for when they are hunted, 'menmuſt goetoit with multKude, for many men cannot take one with boweſ and boltſ with Doggeſ, and except they ſtartand rouze them in little and ſimalſlender woodſ, ſuch aſ a man may ſhake with hiſ handſ they areſeldome taken. Boweſ are requilite to remonethem when they reſtin the twiſteſ of treeſ, for they will not be much terrified with al the hollowing, except now and then they bee ſtruck by one meancſ or other. Weldo they know what harbour a high eake iſ vnro them, andhow ſe— cure they can lodge therein from men and Doggeſ, therefore ſecing it were too troble— fome to climbe eueric tree, they muſt ſupply that buſineſſe or labor with bowſ and beltſ , that when the Squirrel reſteth, preſently thee may feele the blow of a cunning Archer, he neede not fearedoing hermuch harme except he hit her on the head, for by reaſon of a ſtrong backe—bone and fleſhy partſ, ſhe willabide aſ great a ſtroakeaſ a Dogge; yea, I haue ſeene one remonued from a bough with a ſhot to the ground. If they be driven to the gtound from the treeſ to creepe into hedgeſ, it iſ a token of their wearineſſe, for ſuch iſ the ſtately mind of thiſ little Beaſt, that while her Timbeſ and ſtrength laſteth, ſhe tarrieth & ſaueth her ſelf in the topſ of tal treeſ , then being diſcen. ded, ſhe falleth into the mouth of enery curre, and thiſ iſ the vſe of Doggeſ in their hun. tingt %hc admirable witte of thiſ beaſtappeareth in her ſwimming or paſſing ouer the Wa— ** terſ, for when hunger or ſome conuenient prey of meat conſtraineth her to paſſeouera river, ſhee ſeeketh out ſome rinde or ſinal barke of a Tree which ſheeſetteth vpponthe Water, and then goeth into it, and holding vppe her taile likea ſaile, lettechthe winde drive her to the other ſide, and thiſ iſ witneſſed by Olamſ Magauſ in hiſ deſcription of Scandinauia, where thiſ iſ ordinary among Squirrelleſ, by reaſon of many rinerſ, that 0— therwiſe they cannot paſſeoucr, alſo they carry meate in their mouth to prenent famine whatlocuer befall them, and aſ Peacockeſ couer themſelueſ with their taileſ in hot Sum. mer from the rage of the ſunne, aſ vnder a ſhaddow, with the ſame diſpoſition doth the Squirrellcouer her body againſt heate and cold. a They growe exceeding tame and familiar to men if they beaccuſtomed and taken 49 when they are young,for they runne vp to menſ ſhoulderſ, and they will oftentimeſ fit vpon their handeſ, creepe into their pocketſ fer Nutteſ, goce out of dooreſ, and returne homeagaine, but if they be taken aline, being olde, when oncethey get looſe, they will never returnehome againe, and therefore ſuch may welbee called Seriferſ rather them Cicureſ. They are very harmeful, and wil eat al manner of woollen garmentſ, and if it werenot forthat diſcommodity, they were ſweete—ſportful—beaſteſ, and are very pleaſant play— felloweſ in a houſe. It iſ ſaide, that if once they taſt of Garlicke, they wilneuer afrer biteamy thinge, and 56 thiſ iſ preſcribd by Cardar totame them, their ſkinſ are exceeding warm ,S&welregarded by Skinnerſ, for their heat iſ verie agreeable to thebodieſ of men, and therefore they are mixedalſo with the ſkinſ of Foxeſ. Theirfleſh iſ ſweet but not very: wholeſome except the Squirrelwere a blacke one:It iſtender and comparable to the fleſh of Kidſ or Conieſ» andltheir taileſ are profitable to make bruſheſof. t Of the S. quirrell. The medicinſ are theſame for themoſt part which are before expreſſed in the Dormouſ ſauing that Imay adde that of Arc/igeneſ, who writeth that the fat of a Squirrell warlſined onarubbing cloath, and ſo inſtilled into the eareſ, doeth wonderfully cure the paineſ in the eareſ.And ſo I conclude thiſ hiſtory of the Squirrell with the Epithetſ that Mazzzall maketh ofaPeacocke, a Phoenix,and a Squirrel, in a compariſon of a bewtifull Virgin Erotion. Cuicomparatuſ indecenſ eyat pauo. Inamalbiliſ ſciurnſ & frequenſ Phenix. b Of the _(}emlictn Squirrell, deſcribed andfigured by Doctor Cay. Hiſ Getulian or Barbarian Squirrell, iſ of mixt colour, aſ 1I it were betwixt black and red, and from the ſhoulderſ all along to the taile by the ſideſ, there are white and ruſſet ſtrakeſ or lineſ, which in a decent and and ſeemely order ſtandinrankſ or orderſ; and there be ſome of theſe Squir— relſ which haue ſuch lineſ of white and blacke, with cor— reſpondent lineſ in the taile, yet they cannot be ſeene ex— cept the taile bee ſtretched out at length, by reaſon there iſ not much haire vpon it. The belly ſeemethyto belikea blew colour vpon a white ground. It iſ a little leſſethen the vulgar Squirre!, and hath not any eareſ extant or ſtan— ding vp aſ that, but cleſe prefſed to the ſkin round and aryſing a little in length by the vp— per face ofthe Skinne . The head iſ likethe head of a Frog, and in other thingſ it iſ very like the vulgar Squirrellyfor both the outward ſhape, the manner, and behauiour, the meatand meanſ oflife agree in both,and ſhe alſo couereth her body like other Squirrelſ. Thiſ piSureand deſcription waſ taken by him from one of them aline, which a Marchant ofLondon brought out of Barbary. : They arevery pleaſaunt and tame, and it iſ very likely that it iſ a kind of Egyptian or ffrican mouſe, whereof there are three ſortſ deſcribed by FZerodatuſ, the ſirſicallqd Bi— Pedeſ,theſecond Zegerieſ, and the third Echineſ, of which we have already ſpoken in the ſtory of diverſ kindſ of mice, and therefore Iwill heere end the diſconſc of thiſ beaſt. 5o Se & 659 | | | o 660 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. OF A WILDE BEAST IN THE new—found world called Su. Here iſ a region inthenew—found world, calied Gi— ganteſ , and the inhabi— tantſ thereof are called Pantagoneſmow becauſ their countrey iſ. cold, being far in the South, they cleaththemſelueſ with the ſkinſ of a beaſt called in theyr owne toong Sw,for by reaſon thatthiſ beaſtlinethfor the moſt part neere the waterſ, therefore they calit by thename of 34 which ſignifieth water. Thetrue image therof: aſ it waſ taken by The— #etuſ, I havue heere in— ſertedfor it iſ of a very deformed ſhape, and monſtrouſ preſence, a great rauener and an vntamable wilde beaſt When the hunterſ that deſire her ſkinne ſet vpon her, ſhe flyeth very ſwift, carrying her yong oneſvpon her back, and conering them with her broad taile : now forſomuch aſ no Dogge or man darechto approach neere vnto her, (becauſeſuchiſthe wrath therof, that in the purſuit ſhekillethallthat commeth neare bir :) the hunterſ digge ſenerallpitteſ or greatholeſ in the earth, which they couer with bougheſ ſtickſ, and earth, ſo weakly that if the beaſt chance at any time to comevpon it, ſhe and her young oneſ fall down into the pit and aretaken. Thiſ crucll, vntamable, impatient, violent, ravening, and bloody beaſt, perceiuing that hernaturall ſtrength canuot deliver her from the wit and policy of men her hunterſ, (for being incloſed, ſhee can nener get out againe,) the hunterſ being at hande to watch IQ 30 her downfall, and worke her ouerthrow , firſt of all to faue her young oneſ from taking& raming, ſhe deſtroyeththem all with her owne teeth; for there waſ nener any of them ta— ken aliue, and when ſheſeeth the bunterſ come about her, ſhe roareth, cryeth, bowleth, brayeth, and vitereth ſuch a fearefull, noyſome, and terrible clamor , that the men which watch to kill her, are not thereby a littleamazed, but at laſt being animated,becauſe there can be no reſiſtance, they approch, and withtheir dartſ and ſpeareſ wound her to death, and then take off her ſkin, and leaue the carcaſſe in the earth.And thiſ iſ all that Ifindere— corded of thiſ moſt ſauage beaſt. Of the Subuſ, a kinde of wilde Water—ſbeepe. ' Hiſ beaſt iſ called by Oppiannſ Sonboſ,andthereofthe Latineſ call it Subuſ Bvſ line in hiſ interpretation of Oppianwſ, doth make it one beaſt with the Smyſi- cereſ,but becauſe he expreſſethno reaſon thereof, I take it that he waſ decei— 1ed by hiſ coniecure, for we ſhall manifeſt, that either the colour ot ſeate ctof g, cannot agree with the Szrep//cereſ,(for he ſaithyonly it iſ the ſamebeaſt which ?/y calleth a Strepficeraſ. " But 50 of the Swine. e SMCOPNE EP 55 Siin pnt & ® _ But we know by thc; diſcription of Oppiannſ, that thiſ Beaſtiſ of red—gold—colour, ha— ning two ſtrong armed horneſ on the head, and liveth ſometimeſ inthe Sea, and water fomerime T'?thcſi%ſi?]d ſ dOffaIlſikmqs ?( ſheepe thiſ iſ the worſt and moſth 2 \_"ſi?zlmc:%]l CF" t 901 aMCTEEtgoRth mſſffic w icr,and_ſþc'ſi*cin ſwirameth:when the ſilly fimple Fiſheſ ſeethiſ gloriouſ ſhape in the waterſ,admiring the bornſ,.and eſpecially the ET Et E1 * aand eſpecially th Golden colour, they gather aboin it in great flockſ and abundance, eſpecially Shrimpſ, Lobſterſ, Mackarell, and Tencheſ, who follow Him with ſinealar delight oneither ſide A vigk r t buch t — "& — ireo þorh the right and the leſt, prcffingſſw ho ſhall comcſſm.xrcfi ,to touchaad have the fulleſt fight ofl'nmzſo they accompany him in rankeſ for louc ofhiſſo ſtrange proportion.But thiſ vnk\(nde(:M_zd rauening beaſ, d:\ſpxfing theiramity, ſociety, and fellowſhip, maketh 10 but a bait of hiſ golden outſide and colour , to drawe vnto him hiſ conuebient prey,and beguile th-:}nnoccn)t fiſtheſ, for he ſhnatcheth atthe neareſt, and denoureth them, t::ſ"yin_q no longer in'the VWater then hiſ belly iſ filled, and yet theſe ſſmple fooliſh fiſheſ ſecing theit felloweſ devoured before their faceſ hauenot the poweror wit co anoid hiſ denou— rerſ fociety, but ſtillaccompany him and weary him out of the Wiatetſ tillhecan cateno more, nener hating him, or leauing hin , but aſ men which delight to behanged in {ilke hakterſ, or ſtabbed with ſiluer and golden Bodking, ſo do thefiſheſ by thiſ 4 + ' CGuineſ—itſhe hoaty Srofagand theſe arethe commonand moſtvulgar tearmeſ of f ſſſſſſmes_.ll there be any other they are either deuiſed or new made, or elſe deriued from ſeme of theſe. 0 oo Concer— 662% T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. —. — Concerning the Latine worde ;\h(fffſi_fſi"cto Suſ, Iſidoruſ deriveth it from Greekeand S1b, becauſe theſe. beaſtſ tread Latin nameſ. vaoderfoore graſic and grayne, and indeede for thiſ cauſe the Egyptianſ kept their Swine in the hilleſ alt the yeare long, till theirſeedtime, for when their corme waſ ſowne , they\droue them ouer their newe plowed Landeſ, to tread in the graine, that the Fowlſ and—Birdſ might notrooteit or ſcrapeiit forth a— gaine,& for thiſ canſe:alſo they ſpared Swinefrom ſacrificing. But in mineopinion ,itiſ better derived from Hwſ the Greeke word—FortheLatine Porcwnſ;iſ thought to be.ferched frompar rectuſy becauſchiſ ſnowteiſ al— way ſtretchedforth,and ſo hee feedeth, digging with it in the earth,and turning vp the rootſ oftreeſ : but I better approoue thenotarion of Zſidoruſ, Porcuſ quaſi ſpurcuſ quia cano & limo ſe wolutat. Thatiſ, becauleitrow— leth and walloweth in the mire. Porcctra or Parcetafor aſow that hath haddebutone farrowe, & Seropha for a ſowe that hath had many.The Greecianſ Hwſ iſ de— rined from Threin; which ſigni— fieth tokil in ſacrifice,for great waſ the vſe of ſacrificing— thiſ beaſtamonge the Paynimſ, aſ we ſhall ſhew afterward. Thean— cient Greecianſ did alſo tearme ſwine S#k4, and when the Swine herdſ did cal the beaſtſ to their meateſ, they cryed S%g, Sig : aſ in our Countrey their feederſ | cry Tog,Tig ,Choiroſ of their fee— N dingand nurſing their younge h \\ oneſ.And indeede from Swine tttt NW we finde that many men haue alſo receined nameſ , aſ Scipfo Swarinuſ, and Tremellinſ Stre— & Biktory af f; ; w'hcrc upponlieth tþxs þiſtory ,aſ h_c writeth wfȝen Lz_tinm Nerua waſ Pretor, hiſ great the fammyof V ncle waſ ]_cſr Queſtor in hiſ abſence for Macedenia, vntillthe Preetor returned. The enc— Serofa, mieſ thinking that nowe they had gotten opportunity and aduantage againſt their befie— gerſ or aſſaylantſ, cauſed an onſet to be made, and a fight to be offered, then hiſ Vuckle exhorting the Romane Souldiorſ to Armeſ, tolde them, Se celeyerar hoſteſ diſie?urum ©4 ſerofaporcellaſ, Yhat he would aſ eaſily caſt them off and ſcatter thein ,aſ aſow doth hir piggeſ ſhck!ſi\ſſzg her belly , which he performed accordingly, andſo obtained a great vic— tc)i\'ſſ\ſc,ſi!ſſr which Nerwa waſ made Emperour, and hee waſ alwaieſ enuermore afterwarde called Sozofa. <—— 7 8 E ?ct pi o \ſſ\ | / ſſſſſſſi ſ-ſſſſ' I\ { / (th) 15 253 1W \\ 1 Macrobiuſ Of the Swine. — 663 M,wrctbimf t_cl{cch c'ſiu_* Qgcaſioz1 ofthe name ofthe family: of Seoſſ ſomewhat otherwiſe yerpertaining to thiſ dſixcourſc. *Tſſr_tme/[zuz (ſaith hee) waſ with hiſ family and children, dwelling ina certaine Ylllage, and hiſ ſeruantſ ſceing a ſtray Sow come among them,the owner whereofthey did notknow, preſently theyflew her, and brought her home. The Neighbourthat did owethe ctSow Fallcd for witneſſeſ ofthefa& or theſt, and came with them to ſr{mf/lzm, den\.aundlſſng hiſ S ſi:roſct or Sowagaine. Tremeſlliuſ having vaderſtood by oneg of hiſ ſeruantſthe deed; layedit vp in hiſ Wineſ bedy& cougring ivouer withthe cloathſ;cauſed/her to lye vpon the Soweſcarkaſe, andtheretore told hiſ neighbour hee ſhould come inandrakethe Serefſ, and o had brought him wherehiſ wife ia',.ſſ'ct, andſwore 10 hehad no other Sow of hiſ but that, ſhewing himthebed} and ſo thepodreinan waſ de— Cooligſ ceinectbya'difſembling oth, for which canle(he ſaithy the name of ſerefz waſ giucmo that Zn]rctxſſkſ;fl family. There waſ onePope Serginſ, whoſe chriſten andfirftnamewaſ 0ſ purct, Hoggeſ, tom ſwine. ſaowt,and therfore he being eleGted Papc,changed hiſnameinto Serginuſywhichcuſtome efalreration of nameſ, aſ that waſthe beginuing, ſo ithath continued eucidineethat time among all hiſeſucceſſourſ . Likewiſe weread. of Porce//dſ @Gramearian, of Percelliuſ, a . Poct of Aupleſ, who made a Chronicle ofthe affaireſ of Fredeietkſ Duke: ofabine, Por. cinſ| Suilluſ\Verreſ the Proetor of Sycilia, Syadra, Sybotraſ; Elyind Elyagniſ, GrÞliuſ Porcilla, and many ſuch other giveſufhicient reſtimony ofthe original of theiknameſ;to bedrawen from Swine, and not onely men,biut people andplaceſ ; aſ FHuz@, Swaleſ Chorreat@,three g0 PANCS of the Doziin Greece: I{yiz a Citty of Loeriſ, Hyamen a Citry of Meſene; Hypmaien a; Citty of Troy, Hyampholiſ a Citty of phociſ; whereby to all poſterityit appearethy that Afege 36 alem they were Swincheardeſat the bcginning; Exul Hyarit eneſ innenit requn peruagreſ Hyape, " Hyopſ aCitty in Iberia, Hyſia a Cicty of Boeot#a; and Pliny calleththe tall peopleot Ezhiep; which wer 8. cubitſin height Sybore,andthclikel might adde of many plzzccsſſCicics;peo- plc, fountaineſ, Plantſ, Enginſ, and deviſeſ, plentifullin many Authorſ, butd—willnot trouble the Reader any longer with that, which may be betthought tobeevineceſſary Onely IEcannot containe my ſelfefrom the fiction of a Swineſ name and. (Teſtamient, or laſt will for the mirth and wit thereof, aſ it iſ remembered in Ce/imſ, and before in S.Jc— rom,and |aſtly by Alexander Braſſcanuſ, and Geo: Fabritinſ; Lwillexpreſſe both in Lating & andEnglith in thiſ place. & niy . » o» | ; "— {07 .# fiſion of M. Grunniuſ Corocotta Porcelluſ teſlamentum feci, qrod Zumſſmm mam mea propria ſeribe— of a hogſ wil re non potui ſeribendum dittaui. Magiruſ cocnſ dixit weni byc enerſor domi, [oliner|or fugi— & *R00@ tine porcelle, ego hodie tibi vitam adimo. Corecotta porcelinſ dixitſ? quafeci, ſigaupeccani, /i qua vaſcula pedibuſ meiſ coufregi, rogo domeine coque, veniam peto;reganti cencede — Magiruſ coquuſ dixit, tran/i puer adfer mihi de calina cultrum,vt hunuc porcelium cruentumfociam.Por— celluſ comprehendizuſ Afamuliſ duCtuſ ſubdic 1 6—Cal. lucerninaſ, vb1 abundanit cyme. Clibaſ nato &y piperato conſulibuſ, & vt vidit ſe moriturumſ eſſeyhor aſþatium petiit;cogunim roga— #it y ot teſſamentiin facere poſſet. Inclamaimt ad ſ@_ſwueſ parenteſ, ot de cibarijſ ſiiſ aliquid di mitteret eiſ ,qui ait, patyi meo werrinoLardinodo lego, dari glandiſ modioſ 3y0: crmatrimieſ 4 veturrina Serof e do lego darilaconice ſiligineſ modioſ 40\Gr ſerorimeaſ Quirine;in eninſ ve— tum intereſſe non potui, do, lego, dari hordei modioſ, 30. & de meiſ viſceribuſ dabo, donabo fazoribuſ ſetaſ, rixatoribuſ.capttinaſ ſurdiſ auriculaſ , cauſidiciſ t verboſiſ linguam, bubula— riſſ inteſtina, eſiciarijſ femor a mulieribuſ lumbuloſ, pucyiſ veſica puclliſ candam, cinadiſ pouſ= culoſ,curſoribuſ c&» vematoribuſ taloſ, latronibuſ vaguloſ, & net nominandſ coquo, de, /fgaj ſ dimitto popam & piſtillam, que mecum detuleram a quer ceto v/þ, ad haram; liget (thi col ſ dereſte. Volo mibi fieri monumentum ex literiſ aureiſ ſeriptum. M. Gruuniuſ Corecottaporcel— luſ vixit annoſ D. CCCC . x6.9 . quod ſt ſemiſ vixiſſet , mille annoſ Compleuiſſet. Optimi ama— toreſmei vel conſuleſ vite, rogo woſ vt corpori meo benefaciatiſ bene condaatiſ; debontſ condi— mentiſ nuclei piperiſ ,c> melliſ , vt nomen menum in ſempitcrnum nominetur . Mei domind, @> 50 conſobrini mei, qui—huic teſtamentointerfuitiſ inbeteſignariTeſteſ. Lueanienſ ſignauit, Tergilluſ ſignanit, Nuptialiont ſig . ſ Celſinuſ ſign, Lardio fign, Offc'limſ (ign—Cymatuſ ; ſigtſſ "O go 2 Jn 664 The Hiſtery of Foure—footed Beaſiſ. TIn Engliſh without offence I may tranſlate it thuſ; I, A% Grupter Hege—ſon, little pig haue made thiſ my laſt willaod Teſtament,which becaulel could not write with my own hand, Thaue canſed it to be endited by.other. . Afagir@ſ the Cooke ſaid vato me, come hither thou vaderminer of houſeſ; thourootervp ofland, fearefull, fugitine little Pig , I'muſ thiſ day take away thy life. To whom Zyg—/op made thiſ anſwer,, If I haue done any harm, if Thaue offended, it Lhauetrod in peeceſ any veſſelſ of worth vnder my feet, then I en. treatthee good M. Cooke pardon me, and grant me my requeſt. But Magiruſ the Cook ſiid,run(ſir-kixchinſſBoy)and bring meaknife out of the Kitchin, that I'may let thiſ licke pigbleed : preſently I the little Pig waſ taken by the ſeruanteſ, and by trem led the xvi, — day ofthecalendſ of Torch—lightinto the place of Coole—wortſ, when Fiery—furnace & Pepper—ſpice were Conſulſ,aad when Iſawno remedy but that I muſt die, I entreated the Cookebut an houteſ ſpace to makemy will. Which when I had obtained, I cald my parentſ andfriendſ about me, and made my wilin manner following, Ofallmy meatand prouiſion left behind me, : firſtI gine vato Bore—Browne, my father 30. buſhelſof Buck— maſt. Item 1 gine to my mother Town:Sow , forty buſhelſ ofthe beſt Weate. ItemLgine my Siſter Whine—pig, 30.buſhelſ of Barly ,and for my bowelſ Ibeſtow them in manner following: Ibequeath my briſtleſ to the Goblerſ and ſhoomakerſ,my brainſto Wrang— lerſ; my careſ to the deafe, my tongue to Lawyerſ and Pratlerſ, my intralſ tothe Tripe— makerſ, my thigheſ co the Pyc—makerſ, my loineſ to Women, my bladder to Boieſ , my tailetoyoung maideſ, my muſcleſ to ſhameleſle Dancerſ,my Anckle—boneſ;to Lackyeſ and hunterſ, my hooueſ to Theeueſ. Irem givevntothiſ (vnworthy to beenamed Cook) the Knifeand the peſtle, that I brought out efthc ſpinny of an Oake, into my ſtye, and (o let him tye hiſ Neckewitha halter . Alſomy wiliſ, that there bemade for me a monument, wherein ſaall beengra— nen in Golden Letterſ,thiſ inſcription or title, M. Gremter Hog—ſon, Little—Pig,lined nine hundered ninety nine yeareſand a halfe, and if hehadlined but one halfe yeare longer he he hadlined athouſand yeareſ . And youmy Louerſ and beſt counſellerſ of my life, I beſeech you do goodto my dead— carkaſe, ſalt it well with the beſt ſeaſon of Nutmegſ, Pepper, and Honny, thatſo my .nameand memory may remaine for euermore. And you my Maiſterſ and kindred which hauc beene preſent at the making of my will, I pray you cauſe your markeſ to beput thereunto. Witneſſeſ; Wood—Hogſ marke, BriſtHe—backeſ marke, Towne—Boareſ marke, Mountaine—Hogſ marke, Baſon—Hogſ marke, Swill—Hogſ marke, Marſh—Hogſ marke. Thaue expreſſed thiſ diſcourſe for no other purpoſebutto ſhew the Rea. what proper feig, ned nameſ have beene or may be given to Swine, and ſo not to hold him any longer in thiſ diſcourſe, I will proceede from the nameſ to the natureſ of thiſ beaſt . And firſtofall to begin with the common and vulgar epithetſ, which are aſ ſo many ſhort definitionſ aſ they are wordſ, aſ thatof Horace, Amica ſuſ luto, a durt—louer, clouen footed, beaſtly, clamorouſ, Acron—eater, rough, horrible, feareſull, ſluggiſh, filthy, vncleane, impati— ent,loud, glad of food, miry, fat, wet, follower, moyſt, greedy,tender,and milke—ſucker, according to the Poetſſayingſ 5 The epithetſ of Swine, Lactemero paſcumpigr a mihi matriſ alumnum, Ponat : & Actolo de ſ{ne diveſ edat. Countriſ Swinearein the moſt countrieſ of the world. Yet Ariſarleand Aetiawreport, that there ſwine de nor are none in Ind/an,& Arabra Scein:and moreouer there iſ in the people of thoſe countrieſ breede. ſuch a deteſtation of them., that they cannot endure to eate their fleſh, which thiſ iſnot wrought in them by any inſtind or opinion ef religion (aſit iſ in the Ieweſ/ but rather by a naturallinclination of the place and region wherein they line, for it iſ ſaid alſo that if Swine be brought thither from any other place, they dye within ſhort ſpace. Pliny affirmcth, that there are Boareſ among ſome of the Indianſ which haue hornſ, and 39 49 of the Swine. 665 and the like iſ affirmed of the Ethiopianſ . all other for food. In Ba@azria they arelean are fierce, ſtrong, and very fat . tothe ſtature of Muleſ. Now concerning the ſeverall parteſ of Swyne,itiſ moſt certaine that iwardly they do more rcſcxnblcaxx]ansbod)' then an Ape, for aſ al writerſ do affirmc,thatoutwardlytht: proportion of Apeſ come nearceſtto men,accordingto the Poetſ verieſ The Swine of Syilyare accounted thebeſtof 3 ne,butin Buyrg@a@dyor the neather Germanyzthey Thoſewhich are carried into Hiſpaniola, areſaid to grow Simia quare ſimiliſ turpiſſima beſtia nobiſ. 10 So on the other ſide a Swyneſ Anatomy doth more lively expreſſe the inward memberſ and fſeate of life, and therefore our predeceſſourſ did firſtofall diſſed a Swyne,and then aman, for the Swine waſ an example or introduction to the other 5 and in Swine they ehuſe aleancHogge, beeauſethat allthe veſſelſ and inftrumentall parteſ do betterand more clearely appeare te the ſight then in a fat Hog . Thereiſ notaccording to A7zſZarle, much marr ow in their boneſ, and their ſkin iſall ouer rou gb and hagry , and yetthe haire The anatho— not ſo thicke aſ an Oxeſ, yetmuch longer and ſtiffer, ſtanding vp vpponthe ridge of the my and feue backe, the colour of Swine iſ vncertaine and varieth nor only after the diverſity of the '**?*** Countrey, but in euery Countrey it iſ diverſ in it ſelfe, ſome are white, ſome branded, ſome ſanded, ſomered, ſome black, ſome pyed,ſomenone of theſe, andſome al of theſez o ye: inGermany for themoſt part red, and in France and Italy blacke. Betwixt the Skin and thefleſh there lyeth a fatcalled Zardo /arde and Arwina. Their braine iſ very fat , and in the waine of the Mooneitiſ leſſe then any other beaſteſ. Their eieſ are hollow , and ſtand very deepeintheir headſ,andtherefore cannot by Arteſman betaken out without danger of death, and if one of them be at any time periſhed,itiſhaz— zard but the Swine dycth. Their eie—broweſ moue more downeward toward their Noſeſ, and are againe drawne vp toward their templeſ, and their forchead iſ very narrow, by which in ancient time they indged or deemed a foole or fooliſh vnwiſe diſpoſition,aſ by ſtanding vp of the lipſ about the canine teeth, betokeneth a contumeliouſ and clamorouſ rayler, and thicke Jipſ, and a 30 round mouth ſtanding forth, the diſpoſition of a Hog. Theſnout iſ long and ſtrong, andyet broad to caſt vp the earthfor food, hauing on . the tippe a riſing griſtle round,; and more piked, at the top: betwixt the Noſtrileſ, where— eArffatle withall it firſt entereth the carth by digging. Vpon their vnder chap there are teeth which grow out of their head; and the: Boareſ haue ſome which the femaleſ haue not : For euen aſ the Elephaothath two teeth growing downewarde,ſo bath the Boare twoe growing vpward. The male aſ we haueſaid,hath more then the female,and neither of both dolooſe or change them by any corſe of nature. Aſ the Horſe hath hiſ mane,ſo hath a Swine cer— taine briſtleſ on hiſ Necke (called therefore by the Grzecianſ Lophiſ,) thiſ necke iſ broad andthicke, and in it lyeth the ſtrength of the beaſt, and thereforeit iſ obſerued by the Phyſſognomerſ that a man with ſuch a necke iſ an angry foole, The collop next to the necke called valgarly Calla/wm, ought to bebroad & ſtiffe. It iſ faidof ſor e hartſ that they havue theit gall in their eareſ, and indeede in the eareſ of Swine there iſ found a certaine©humor not much vnlike to a gall : yetleſſeliquid, and therefore by reaſon ofthe denſity or thickneſſe thereof, comparableto the humor of the Spleene. he ventricle iſ large toreceine much meate, and to concod it perfeely, we call it vul— garly the bucke, and there are in itbut few ſinooth ribſ or creſteſ, and inthe liver parteſ whichare very great, there iſ a certaine hard thing white like a ſtone . The femaleſ haue twelne vdderſ or dugſ vader the belly ,but neuerleſſe then ten itthey want oftwelue.and 30 t}':fBORI'ES haue their ſtoneſ on theirſear behind them ioyned together; which being taken ofZare called by the Latineſ Polimenta. AP But in the female there iſ a greatmiracle of nature,for the place of conception iſ one— ly open to the vdderſ or downeward, but when her Inſt commeth on her, by oftentickling a, and ſtriving ſheturneth itabout to meete with the Boareſ inſtrument in generation. otn..— amal e anaanc maam ty 2 % 40 O00 3 Anod 66 6 The choyce oroutyvard markeſ ofthe beſt Swyne. The Hiſtoric of Foure—footedBeaſlſ. Andthiſ bag iſ called Apria, which hangeth in the female inward, aſ the ſtoneſ of the Boare do outwardly . In ſome placeſ thereare Swine whichare notclonen—footed, but whole hooued like a Horſe, yet thiſ iſ very ſeldome or accidentall,for the moſt part alare clonen—footed, Ariflatle affirmeth,that thereare Swine whole hooued, in //ir/a, Promia, and Aacedonia, and Albertuſ ſaith, that he hath bin informed ofſomeſuchſeene inEng— Jand, and alſo in Elanderſ. The Anckleſaredoubifull, aſ itwere in proportion betwixt the Anckle of a whole and of a clouenhoofe . Now by thiſ that hath beene ſaid and ſhall be added, we muſtmake vp the deſcription of a perfet Swine, for the better knowledge of the Reader,which may be thiſ, of a ſtraightand ſimall head . The beſtforme iſ to haue latge memberſ,exceptthe head and feet, and of one vniforme colour, not parted or variable, not old, but of a good race or breed. Therebe ſome that for the choice of their Swine domake thiſ obſcruation, they chuſe them by their face, by the race, and by the Region, by the face, when the Boareand Sow are of good and beautifull aſpeetſ; by the race,if they bring forth many andſafely, not ; caſting Piggeſ, by the Region when theyarenot bred where they bee of a ſmall, ſlender, The food of Swine. or vile ſtature, and eſpecially thiſ iſ obſerued in the Male, by cauſe that in all beaſteſ they are oftentimeſ more like the ſire then the Damme ; therefore it iſ better in Swine to haue a thicke, round, and wellſet Hogge, thenalong ſided one, howbeit ſome approne Hogſ withlong Legſ. The burrockeſ ought to be fleſby, the belly large and prominent, and , the Snowtſ ſhortandturning vpward , yet the Sowe'iſ beſt, that hath thelargeſtſideſ, ifallthe other memberſ be correſpondent. Likewiſe in cold Countrieſ they muſt chuſe their Swine with rough and thicke haire, but in warmer and more temperate Climatſ, any haire be it neuer ſo ſmall will ſerne the turne, eſpecially if itbe blacke. And thuſ much ſhall ſerue in thiſ place for theirſeue— rall parteſ and memberſ: Now wee will proceede on to their nouriſbment and copula— tion. It iſ moſt certaine that Swine are of a hot temperament, and for thatcauſeit com— methto paſſe that they donotlooſe their Winter haire, for by reaſon ofthe fat neere to their ſkinne, there iſ aboundance of heatewhich keepethfaſtthe rootſ of the haire. Their food therfore and nouriſhment iſ eaſily digeſted in euery part,for that which iſ ſo ſtrong in the nouritureof the haire, muſt needſ be of correſpondent power in other partſ. Some hauethought that Swine carenot for Graſſe or Hearbeſ, but onely rooteſ,and therefore , hath a peculiar ſnout to attain them,but I find by experience thatthey wil eatgraſſeaboue Nigidinſ Pliniuſ the earth, aſwelaſ rooteſ beneath, & they loue to feedein heardeſ together. They loue a boue meaſure Acorneſ, and yet being giventothemalone they are hurifull, and bring noleſſe damageto them then to Sheepe (though not ſo often )efſpecially to Soweſ that bewithpigge . The beſttime for gathering of Acornſ iſ in Nouember, and it iſ a worke for Women and Children . The Woodeſ of Italy are ſo full of Acorneſ that they nou— riſh aboundance of Swine, and that therewith are fed the greateſt part ofthe Romaine people. io we Iſ They delight alſo inBucke—maſt, and that meate maketh the Swineſ fleſh light, eafie . ofdigeſtion, andapt for the ſtomacke:In ſome Countrieſ Haweſ haue theſame vertue to fat Hoggeſ, that iſ in Acorneſ, for they makethem waighty, ſraight, neate, and ſweete. The next vnto thiſ Holme Berricſ do fat Hoggeſ,ſauing that they procure looſeneſſe,cx— ceptthey becaten bylittle andlittle . There iſ a tree which hath ſuch bitterfruite(cal— led Ealiphlacmſy whereof no beaſt willtaſt, hecreofHoggeſ wil taſt, but in extreame fa— mine and hunger, when they are without all other foodand meate. Thefruite or Appleſ of Palme—treeſ (eſpecially ſuch aſ grow inſalt groundſ neare the > © Seafideſ, aſ in Cyrene of Affrica, and Indea, and not in Egypt, C)pr#5, Syriaſ Helnetiaand 59 Aſſiria)do facvten and feed Hoggeſ: And indeed there iſ ſearce any food whereof they do not eate, aſ alſo no place wherein they picke not out ſome liuing, both in Mountainſ, and Eenſ, and plaine fieldeſ, but beſt of allneare waterſ, wherein by the bankeſſideſthey ga ther many ſweete and nouriſhable morſelſ. Thereare no better abiding placeſ for Hogſ then are the woodſ, whercin abound cy— ther Of the Swine. 667 ther Oakeſ, Beecheſ, Corke—treeſ, Holine, wilde Oliueſ, Tamariſke, Haſelſ Appleſ,or Crab—treeſ, white Thorne, the Greeke Cazrobſ, Pine—treeſ, Corne—treeſ ſiLote-trcſicq placeſ of * Prune—treeſ, Shrubſ, Haweſ, or wilde Peareſ, or Medierſ, and ſuch like ; for theſe ieut row ripe ſucceſſiuely one after the other, for there iſ no time of the yeare wherein ſome ofthemare notto be gathered ſoft and noriſhable, whereby the heardſ of ſwine may be maintained. But ifat any time thiſ food ccaſ_c, andnot to befound, then muſt ther beſeme other rouiſion out of the earth, ſuch aſ iſ corne, or graineſ, and turn your Hogſ to moiſt pla— \ ceſ wherethey may pickevp wormſ, and ſuck vp fat fenny water, which thing iſ aboue al jo otherthingſ gracefull to thiſ beaſte, for which cauſe it pleaſed the Holi—ghoſt in ſcripture to comparethe pleaſure that beaſtely men take in ſinning to the walkct)wing of ſwine in themire. T he Dogge (ſaid*_l S. Peter) iſ returned to hiſ vomit, and the Sow that waſ waſhed to wallow in the mire. For thiſ cauſe alſo you muſt ſuffer them to digge in the water, and to eat Caneſ and wilde Bul—ruſheſ,likewiſe the rooteſ and topſ of \D'V ater—creſſeſ; :ſizud you muſtprouide to lay vp for them in water Acorneſ,and not ſpare corneto give it them by hand, aſ Beaneſ, Peaſe, Fitcheſ,, Barly and ſuch like : And Colume/ſ ( from whome T hane taken theſe inſtructionſ) addeth moreouer,,that in the ſpring time before your Hogſ go abroad to bite atthe ſweet and freſh—growing—hearbeſ, leaſtthey prouckethemto lſi(ctmſifc- Vaire neſſe, you muſtgive them ſome ſodden drinke, waſh or ſwilloby vertue whereof that miſ— chiefemuſt be auoided, for if it be not, ſuch leanneſſe wil follow, that it will ouerthrowe andkilthem. t Inſome Countrieſ they alſo ginethem the ſcapeſ or reſuſe Grapeſ of Vintage, and addelintutſ moreouer the fruteſ of yew tree, which iſ poiſon to Doggeſ. Ari/Zomachſſ the Athenian . by many and ſu ndry prail%s aduanceththree—leaued grafle, and among other, for that aſ when it iſ greene it iſ commodiouſ for ſheepe, ſo being dried it iſ wholeſome to ſwine. They louc greene corn, yetitiſ reported that if ſwine eat of it in the IMleof Sa/awime, theit teeth by the law of the countrey are beaten out of their moutheſ. It iſ wholeſometo giue them crudeor rawe barley ,eſpecially to a Bore when he iſ to covple with a ſowe, but vnto aſow with piggeſod. r 6 There iſ in 84047/a akinde of Scallion which beareth a red—purple—flower, like to the 3" flower of the Lilly of the vallieſ, which iſ greatly ſought after and detonred by ſwine. They alſo ſeeke after wilde Vineſ, and the hearbe called Hogſ—bread, and the roote of wilderapeſ, which beareth leaueſ like vato violetſ but ſharper, and a whiteroote without milke: By ſome it iſ called Brehſpicke, bycauſe it groweth in woodeſ amongeBeecheſ. They cat alſo fleſh, and abſtain not from fat Bacon, and heerein they differ trom moſt of the rauening creatureſ, for Doggeſwill nottaſte of Doggeſfleſh, and Beareſ of Beareſ, yetwill Hoggeſ eat of Swineſ fleſh, yeamany timeſ the damme eateth hir younge oneſ : And it iſ found that ſwine haue not abſtaind from the fleſh of men and children ,for when they haue beeneſlaine by theeueſ, before they could befound, the greateſt part of their body waſ torne in pieceſ and eaten by wilde ſwine: And indeed aſ we ſee ſome Henſ eat 4" vp the Eggeſ that they themſeluſ haue layd,ſo ſhal we obſerueſome ſowſ to devoure the fruteſ of their owne wombeſ, whereat we ought not to maruelaſ at a monſtrouſ or pro— digiouſ thing, but rather acknowledge a naturallvoracity, conſtrained inthemthorough famine and impatience. E They alſo eat Snaileſ and Salamanderſ, eſpecially theBoreſ of the mountaineſ in C#— licia, and although therebe in Salamanderſ a verye deadly poiſon, yet doeth it not hurt thematall, but afterward when men or beaſtſ taſt of ſuch a ſwineſ fleſh, the operation of the poiſon worketh vpon them mortally: neither iſ thiſ any maruaile, for ſo it iſ when a Frog cateth of a Toad: and whereaſ if a man eat Hemlocke,preſently al hiſ blood congea— lethin hiſ body and he dieth, but if a Hogge eat thereof, heenot onely not dieth, bue 5© thriveth and groweth fat thereby. & & Ariſtotlereported one great wonder of a place about Thracia (aſ he ſaithy wherein for | the compaſſe of twenty paceſ there groweth Barley, whereofmen cate ſgfely,buc Oxen, and ſheep,and other creatureſ anoid it aſ mortall poyſon, and ſwine wil not vouchſafe to taft of menſ excrementſ that haue eaten thereof, but auoidethem carefully. E |— J E Albertuſ. eAchantſ Aſ 668 (olumelia The great fat neſ of ſwine, The meat & beft manner to fatten Hoggeſ. T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ, Aſ ſwine delight in meat, ſo alſo they delight more in drinke, and eſpecially in the Sum»=. mer time,and therefore they which keepe ſucking Soweſ, muſtregardto ginethem their belliful of drinke twice a day ,and generally we muſt not lead them to the waterſ aſ we de Goatſ, and ſheepe,but when the heat of Summer iſ about the riſing of the Dog—ſtar, we muſtkeepe them altogether by water ſideſ,chat ſo they may at their owne pleaſure, both drinke and lie downe to wallow in the mire, and if the coaſtſ be ſo dry that thiſ.cannot bee obtainedor permitted, then muſt they have water ſetin trougheſ and veſſelſ, whereof they may taſtat their owne pleaſure, for otherwiſe through want of water they grow linver and lung ficke. The miery water doth moſt quickly make them fat, and they will drink wine or beere voto drunkenneſſe, and in thoſe countrieſ where Grapeſ grow if the ſwine come into the vintage, they grow drunke with eating of grapeſ. Alſo if the Leeze of wine be mingled with their meat, they grow fat aboue meaſureand ſenceleſſe in their fat, whereby it hath bin ſeenethata mouſe hath caten into the ſideſ of a fat Hog without the reſiſtance of the beaſt : and thelike iſ reported by P/izy of the ſe@nne of L. Apromimſ who had bin a C onſul, for hiſ bodie grewſo fat that it waſ taken from him hiſ body remaining immouable.And in the ſpring time Swine of their owneaccord grow ſo fat, that many timeſ they cannot ſtand on their legſtheir bodieſ be ſo heauy , nor goany whit,ſo that if they are to be remo. ued,they are nrot to be drouen but to be carried in a cart. Varro and Creſcentienſiſ doxeport admirable thingſ of thefatneſ of ſwine For firſt/ar— 70 ſaith, that hee receined knowledge from a credible honeſtman in pPortugallof a Swine that there waſ killed , the offall wherof with two ribbeſ waſ ſent to Volyma;,= a Senatour, which weighed twenty and three poundſ, and the fat betwixt the ſkin andthe bone, waſa foot and three fingerſ thicke. Vnteo thiſ he addeth the ſtory efthe Arcadian Sowe, who ſuffered a mouſe to eat into her fat, and breed young oneſ therein, after ſhe made aneſt which thing helikewiſe affirmeth of a Cow. And Cre/reztienſ?ſ reporteth of an other L#— Sfitenian Swine, which after the death, weighed fiue hundred ſeuenty and five poundſ,and the Lard of that Hogge waſ one foot and three fingerſ broad. And the like may beſaid of a Hogge at 34/@ll, nouriſhed by a certaine Oile—man, in whoſe Larde or fatte, after hiſ death were found manie paſſageſ of mice too and fro, which they had gnawed into hiſ body without theſerice of the beaſt. Hogſ growe fat in ſnort time. In auncient daieſ (aſ Pliny writethy they putthemvpto fatting threeſcore daieſ, and firſt of all they made them ſaſt three daieſ together ,afrer fix daieſ they may ſenciblic be perceiued to grow fat. There iſ not any beaſtthat can better or more eafilie be accuſtomed to al kindſ of food, and therefore doeth veric quickliegrow fat, the quantiticand ſtature of their bodie conſidered, for whereaſ an Oxe or Cowe, or Hart, and ſuch like Beaſtſ aſkelong time, yet a Swine which eateth of all ſortſ of meate, doth very quickely euen in a moneth or two or three at the moſt, prooue woortkyethe knife and alſo hiſ maiſterſ table, although in ſome placeſthey put them vppe to fatting a whole yeare together, and how much they profit and gather in their feeding,, itiſverye eaſice for them to obſerue that daily keep and attend them ,ind haue the chargeand oner» 4* ſeeing of them. And there muſt be had great care of their drinke. In TÞyAc/a, after they put vp a Hog to fatting, they give him drinke the firſtdaic, and then let him faſt fromdrink two daicſ, and/{o give him drinkeby that proportion, tillthe ſeuenthday, afterwarde they obſerue nomere dyet for their Swine, but give them their fill of meat and drinke till theſlaugh=— ter day In other Countrieſ they diet them in thiſ ſort : After Beaneſ and Peaſe they give them drinke aboundantly,becauſe they are ſolide and harde, but after Oatſ and ſuch like, aſ meale, they ginethem no drinke,leaſtthe meale ſwimme vp and down in thcirbel— ly, and ſo be eiefted into the exerementſ without any great profitte. There iſ nothinge whereon it lineth, butthereby it will grow fatte except grazing , and therefore all manner 5 of graine, Millet ſeed, Figgeſ, Acorneſ, Nutteſ, Peareſ, Appleſ, Cucumberſ, Rooteſ, and ſuch thingſ cauſe them to riſe in fleſh gratefully, andſo much the ſooner ifthey bee permitted to roote now and then in the mire. They muſt not be vſed to one ſimple, or vamingled, or vncompounded meate, but with of the Swine. 669 with divuerſ compoundſ,for they reioy ce in variety and changelike other beaſteſ, fo rby thiſ mutation of food, they are not onely kep: from inflamationand windineſſe of italway goeth into fleſh, and part into fat. 2 Somevſe to make their ſtye wherein they are incloſed to be very darke andcloſe, for theirmore ſpeedy farting, and the reaſon iſ good, becauſe the beaſt iſ more aptco be qui— et.You ſhallhaue Bakerſ that will fat their Hoggeſ with brao, and in E//azia a country of Germany,they fatthem with Beane—meale, for thereby they grow fat very ſpeedily, and ſome with barley meale wet with flat milke. And in the Alpeſ they ſatthem with V\/cth,a)'e whereby their far and fleſh growethmore whiteandſweete then if they were farted \Mſhſi Acomſ, yet whay iſ very dangerouſ: for ſuch iſthe rauening intemperancy of thiſ beaſk 10 to ſwil in whatſoeuer iſ.pleaſant to hiſ taſte, that many timeſ in drinking of Whaye their bellieſ growe extended dboue meaſure, cuen to death,except that rhc;/ bee dieted by a wifekeeper, and driven vp and downe not ſuffered to reſttill it flow foorth agaive backe— ward. , Barly iſ very nouriſhable to them, whether it be ſod or raw, and eſpecially for Soweſ withPigge, for it preſeruech the you 1g oneſ til delinery,and at the farrowing canſechan eaſic and ſaſe pigging. Andtocenclude thiſ part, Millerſ and Bakerſ fat with tnealeand bran, brewerſ with Ale or Barley ſtceped in Ale, Oyle—men with the refuſe of Nutteſ and Grapeſ. Some again there be that grow fat with the rooteſ of Ferne. When a Sow iſ very fat AZertuſſ) ſhe hath alway butlitile milke, and therefore iſ not apteto make any goodtidic pigſ,and yet aſ all other beaſtſ grow leane when they give ſucke, ſo alſo doth ſwine, Al ſwine in horg regionſ by reaton of a viſcouſ bumor, groweth more fat themin the cold regiooſ. In that part of Friſza neer Germany,they fat Oxen and ſwine with the ſame meate, for there you ſhal haue in one ſtable an Oxe,and a Hogge tyed behind him at hiſ taile, for the Oxe be— ingtiedtothe rack eateth Barly in the ſtraw & chaffe, which he ſwalloweth down without chewing, and ſo the ſofteſt thereot iſ digeſted in hiſ belly, & the othcr commeth forth whole in hiſ dung , which the Hogge licketh vp and iſ therewithalfarned.And it iſ to bee remembred , that ſwine gelded or ſplaied, doe fooner fatten thenanie other. To conclude, they loue the dung of men, and the reaſon thereof iſ, becauſe the ſeat 30 oftheir Juſt iſ in their liner which iſ very broade and inſatiable, and there iſ nothinge that hatha duller ſence of ſmelling then thiſ Beaſte , and therefore it iſ not offended with any carrion or ſtinking ſmel, but with ſweete and pleaſant ointmentſ, aſ wee ſhall ſhew after— wardeſ. Concerning their generation or copulation,it iſ to be noted that a Bore or male ſwine Ofthe copu= wilnot remaine of validity and good for breed paſtthree yeare old, by the opinion of all ſiſi:?ff;:}'d theauncient, for ſuch aſ be engenderethaſter that age, are but weake and not profitable gwine. to be kept and nouriſhed, At eight monethſ olde he beginneth to leape thefemale, and it iſ good to keepe him cloſe from other of hiſ kinde for two monethſ before , and to feede bim with Barly raw , but the ſow with Barly ſodden. One Bore iſ ſufficient forten Soweſ, 4 ifoncehe hearethe voice of hiſ female, deſiring the Bore he willnot eate vatil hee be ad— | mitted, and ſo he wil continue pining, and indeed hee wil ſuffer the female to haue al that canbee, and growethleane to fatten her ; for which cauſe Hewer like a wiſe huſbandman Preſcribeth,that the male and female Swine be kept aſſunder till the time of their copula— tion. They continue long in theaet of copulation, and the reaſon thereof iſ, bcca_uſc hiſ Juſt iſnot hot, nor yet proceeding from heat, yet iſ hiſ ſeed verie plentiful. They in the time oftheir copulation are angry,& outragiouſ,fighting with one another very irefully,and forthat purpoſe they vſe to harden their ribſ by rubbing them voluntarily vppon Treeſ. ſ Thcy choote for the moſt part the morning for copulation, but iſhe be fat and young, he canendure it in every part of the yeare & day , but when he iſ leane ,and weake, or old, he Iſ not able to ſatiſfic hiſ femaleſ luſt, for which cauſe ſhe many crimeſ ſinketh vſſndcrncath him,and yet he fillethher while ſhe lyeth on the ground, both of them on their burtockſ together. P — fiſ e i in They engender oftentimeſ in one yeare, the reaſon whereof iſ to be aſcribed rotheir * E meat but pare Aclianma \| | | 670: The timeſ of The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. meat or ſomecxiraordinary heat, which iſ a comon thing to al that line familiarly among men, and yet the wildeſwine couple and bring forth but oncein the yeare, becauſe they are ſeldomefilled with meat, endure much paine to get and much cold, for Vermſ in men and beaſtſ, iſ a companion of ſatiety , and therefore they onely bring forth in the ſpringe time, and warme weather, and it iſ obſerued that in what nigbtſoeuer a wilde Hoggeor ſow farroweth there will be nofſtorme or raine. There bee many cauſeſ why the tame do— meſticall Hogſ bring forth and engender more often then the wilde, firſt becauſe they are fed withcaſe,ſecondly becauſe they line togither , without fear, & byſociety are more often provueked toluſt,on the otherſide the wilde ſwine come ſildome together, and are oftenhungrey, for which cauſethey are more dultand leſſe venercouſ, yea mary timeſ they hane but one ſtone,for which caute they are called by Ariſtotle and the ancient Gree— cianſ Chluneſ,and Monorchciſ. Butconcerning the ſow, ſhe beginnethto ſaffer the Bore at eight monethſ of age, al— 2ſowſ borig though according to the diverſity of regionſ and aire, they differ in thiſ time of their co— pulation, for fſome begin at foure monethſ, and other againe tary till they be'a yearc old, and thiſ iſ no marucll, for euen the male which engendereth before he be a yeare olde, begetteth but weake, tender, and vnprofitable Piggeſ. T he beſt time of their admiſſion iſ from the Calendſ of Eebruary vnto the Vernall Equinodiall, forſoit hapneth that they n a bring forch the young in the ſummer time, for foure monthſſhe goeth with young, and Pliniuſ, itiſ good that the piggeſ be farrowed beforeharneſt, which you purpoſe tokeepe al the yeare for ſtore. " After that you perceiue that the ſoweſ have conceiued, then ſeperate them from the boreſ, leaſtby the raging lnſt of their prouoking, they be tronbled and endangered to a— bortment, There be ſome that ſay , a ſow may beare young till ſhe be ſeauen yeare olde, but I will not ſtrine about that whercofeuery poore ſwingheard may give ful ſatiſfaction. Atayeare olde a ſow may do well, if ſhee be conered by the bore in the month of Fe— brvary. a But if they begin not to beare til they be twenty monethſ old, or two yeareſ ,they wil not onely bring foorth the ſtronger, but alſo beare the longer time euen to the ſeauenth yeare, and at that time it iſ good to let them go to riverſ,fenneſ, or miery placeſ for euen aſ a man iſ delighred in waſhing or bathing, ſo dothſwine in filthy wallowing in themire; therein iſ their reſt, loy , annd repoſe. Alberrm reporteth,that in ſome placeſ of Geymany aſow hath bin found to beare young eight yearſ, and in othertill they were fifteen yearſ old, but after fiſteene yeare it waſ neuerſeene thata ſow brought foorth younge piggeſ. If the ſowe bec fatte, the iſ alwaieſ the lefſe prone to conceiue with young , whether ſhee be young or old. When fi: ſtof allthey beginne to ſeeke the Bore, they leape vpon other ſwine, andin proceſſe caſtfoorthe a certaine purgation called 4p»/a, which iſ the ſame in a fow which Hippomaneſ iſ in a mare .then they alſo leaue their heard—fclloweſ, which kind of behavior or action,the Latineſ call by a peculiar Verb Swhare, and that iſ applied to Harlotteſ and wanton Women,by Horace: Jamg, ſubando, TelTacubilia teCad, rumpit. We in Engliſh call it Boaring, be cauſe ſhe neuer refteth to ſhew her defire till ſhe come to a bore, and therefore when an olde Woman luſteth after a man, being paſtiuſt by all natural poſſibility ,ſhe iſ cald 4pm /wbanſ. And the beaſt iſ ſo delighted with thiſ plcaſure of carnal copulation, that many timeſ ſhe fallethaſleepe in that a&Gion, and ifthe male be young or dull, then wil the female leap vpon him and prouoketh him, yea in her rage ſhe ſetreth manie timeſ vpon men and Women, eſpecially if that they doe weare any white Garmentſ, but thiſ rage of luſt iſ abated, if their Apy/ and priuy place be wet and moiſt ned with Vineger. Theyhaue their proper voiceſ and crieſ for thiſ time of their boaring; whichthe bore or male vnderſtandeth preſently. They are filled at one copulation, and yet for their better ſafeparde, and to preſerne them from abortment, it iſ good to ſiiffer the bore to couer hir twice or thrice,aad more oucr tn 39 Of the Swine. oucr, if ſhe conceine not at the firſt, then may ſhe ſafly be permitted three or foure timeſ rogether, and it iſ obſerued t hat except her eareſ hang downe fagging, and careleſſe! fhe iſ not filled but reiecteth the ſeed, but if her careſ fall downeward, and ſo hang all 'dzſſ; time that the Boare iſ vpon her, then iſ it a moſt certaine tokea that ſhe iſ Ailed ane hath conceinedwith young. * After foure montheſ (aſ we haue ſaide/ the Sow farroweth her Pigſ,that iſ to ſay, in thefifth month , aſ it were in theſenenteenth weeke : For ſo iſ thiſ beaſt enabled by natwure to beare twice in the yeare, and yetto ſucke her Yyoung oneſ two montheſ together. And there iſ no clouen—footed—beaſt that beareth many atatime except the Sow, exceptin herage,for then ſhe beginnethtolooſe her Apriſ or purgation, and ſo many timeſ miſ— carriech,and many timeſ beare but one . Yet thiſ iſ maruailouſ thataſ ſhe beareth many, ſo ſheengendereth them perfe without blindneſſe, lameneſſe, or any ſuch other di— ftreſſe, although aſ wee haue ſaide before, that in ſome placeſ you ſhall ſee Swine whole hooued like a Horſſe, yet moſt commonly .and naturallythſſcir feete are clowen, and therefore iſ thewonder accounted the greater of their manifolde multiplycation, and the reaſon thereof may ariſe from the multitude and great quantity of their foode, for thehumour cannotbeſowellauoyded and diſperſed in ſo livtle a bodye aſ Swinehaue, aſin Mareſ and Coweſ, and therefore that humour curneth to multiply natureand naſ turallkind, and ſo it commeth to paſſe, that by oug:much humovr turned into a natu— rallſeede, it breedeth much young, and for little humour it bringethforth a few Piggeſ, and thoſc alſo are not only perfe&, but alſo ſhe iſ ſufficiently furniſhed with Milkto nou riſh them,, till they be ableto feed themſelueſ. For aſ a fat ground or ſoyle iſ to the plantſ that groweth on it , euen ſo iſ a fruitefull Sow to the pigſ which ſhe hath brought forth. Their ordinary number which they bring forth and can nouriſhe iſ twelue, or ſixz— teeneat the moſt, and very rare it iſ to ſee ſixteene broughtvp by one Sow . Howbeit it bathbeeneſcene that a Sow hath brought forth twenty, but far more oftenſeuen, ey ght orten. There iſ a ſtory in Zeſ?wſ of a Sow that brought forth thirty at a time , hiſ wordſ betheſe ; The Sow of Aexeaſ Lawiniuſ did bring forth thirty white Piggeſ at one time, wherefore Jthe Lawinianſ were much troubled about the ſignification of ſuch a monſtrouſ farrow, at * Jaſtthey receiued anſwer, thattheir Citty ſhould be thirty yearſ in building, and being ſothey called it A/b4,in remembrance of the thirty white Pi ggeſ . And Pliny affirmeth, thattheImageſ ofthoſe piggeſ and the Sow their damme, were to beſeene in hiſ daieſ in publique placeſ, and the body of the Damme or Sowe preſerned in Salt by the pricfteſ of A/ba,to be ſhewed to all ſuch aſ deſired to bee certified of the truthof that Story. But to returne to the number of young piggeſ which are ordinary and without mira— debred in their dammeſ belly, which I find to be ſo many aſ the Sow hath duggeſ for,ſo many ſhe may wellnouriſh and gine ſucke vnto, and not more, and it ſeemeth a ſpeciall worke of God which hath made thiſ tame beaſtſo fruitefull,for the better recompence 4) toman for her meate and cuſtody . By the firſt farrow it may be gatheredhow fruitfull ſhewill be, but the ſecond and third do moſt commonly exceede the firſt, and thelaſtin oldage iſ inferior in number tothe firſt. Imtenallhath a compariſon betwixt a white fow and an Heighfar . Seygpha faceundror al— b1,more &uiteſull then a white Sew , but belike the white Soweſdo bring more then any other colour . Now the reaſon of the Poetſ ſpeech waſ becauſe that there waſ an Heighfar in the daieſ of Prolomy the younger, which at onetime brought forth fixe Calueſ ; VVy hereuppon came the prouerbe of Regia Vaccula, for a fruitefull Cow, for Helenyſtelleththiſto Acweaſ. Vponthe Sow and thirty piggeſ there iſ thiſ aunfwer of the Oracleto the Laninienſ concerning Albſa : 50 10 20 Cum tibi [ollicito ſeereti ad fluminiſ vndam, Littoreiſ ingenſ, innenta [ubilicibuſſuſ, Triginta capitum fetuſ enixa iacel1t , Alba ſolo reculbanſ , alibi cireum vberanati, Jſ lecuſ vrbiſ erit, requieſ ca certe laboruim. And _ gecmemomſ, — GJ1 Niphuſ, e Ariſtotle The number which a Sow beareth, btſ — yime \ | | | o h 67% The Hiſtor»y of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. And zunenalſaith thuſ of it; 'The office & Conſpicitur ſublimiſ aper eni candidanomen, Secropha dedit Latiſ phyygibnſ mirabule/umen, * Et eundquam viſiſ triginta clara mamilliſ. When the young one commeth forth of the Dammeſ belly wounded or imperfe&, by reaſon of ary harme therein receined, (it iſ called Meracheren2) and many timeſ ſwine engender Monſterſ, which commeth to paſſe oftner in little beaſteſ then in the greateſt, becauſe of the multitude of celſ appointed for the receipt of theſeede, by reaſon wher— of fometimeſtherearetwo headeſ to onebody, ſometimeſtwo bodieſ and onchead, ſometime threeLeggeſ, ſometime twobefore and none behind, ſuch werethe Piggeſ 19 without eareſ, which were farrowed at that time that D/op///wſ the Tyrant went toWar a— gainſt Divſ, for all their parteſ waſ perfect but their eareſ, aſ it were toteach how incon— ſiderately againſt all good counſell , the Tyrant vndertooke that voyage : Suchare commonly found to bece bred amonge them, alſo now and then of an vnſpeakeable ſmaleneſſe like Dwarfeſ, which cannot liie, hauving no mouth nor eareſ, called by the Latineſ Aporcell;: If a Sow great with Pigge do eate aboundantly of Acorneſ,it cauſeth her to caſther farrow and to ſuffer abortement, and if ſhe grow far, then iſ ſoe leſe fruit— full in Milke. Now for the choycce of a Pigge tokeepe for ſtore, it muſtbe choſenfrom a luſty and firong damme bred in the Winter time, (aſ ſome ſay) for ſuch aſ are bred in the heate of ** Summer are of leſſevalue, becauſe they prooue tender, ſmall, and onermoyſt,and yet. alſo if they be bred in the cold of winter they are ſmal, by reaſon of extream cold,and their Dammeſforſake them through want of Milke: and moreouer bycauſe they through hun— ger pinch and bite their duggeſ, ſo aſ they are very vnprofitable to be nouriſhed and pre— ſerued in the Winter time, rather they are fit to bekilled and eaten young. But thiſ iſ to bee obſerued for reconciliation of both opinionſ, namely, that in hot Countrieſ fuch Hoggeſ are preferred that bee bred in the Winter , but in colde ſuch aſ are bred in March or Aprill; within tenne daieſ after their farrowing they grow to haue teeth, and the Sowe ener offerethher foremoſt Duggetothe pigge, that commeth firſt out of her belly, and the reſidue take their forrune aſ it falleth, one to one, 30 andanether to another, for it ſeemeth ſhee regardeth the firſt by a naturall inſtinG, not ſomuch to prefer it, aſ that by the example thereof the reſidue may be inuited to the like ſucking by imitation, yet cuery one (aſ Tzetzeſ ſaith) keepeth him to hiſ firſt choice. And ifany of them be taken away from hiſ Dugge that iſ killed or ſold, that dugge preſently dryeth and the Milke! tur neth backewarde, and ſo vntillallbee gone, one excepted, and then it iſ nouriſhed with no more then waſ ordained at the beginuing for it . Ifthe olde Sow want Milke at any time, the ſupply muſt be made by giving the young oneſ fryed or arched Corne, for raw Corne or drinke procurethlooſeneſſe, and it iſ beſtfor them to be ſuckled in the place where their Damme vſually abideth. For weaning of them it iſ not good to let more then fiue or ſixe ſucke of her at onetime, for although every oneſucke but hiſ owne Dug, yet by the multirude, the Milke iſ dryed 4 vp : After two monthſ old they may ſafely be diſioyned from their Dame and weaned, ſo aſ euery yeare the Sow may breede eight montheſ, and gine ſucke foure : it iſ beſt to let them feed aſunder from their damſ till they hane vrterly forgotten to fucke . And thuſ much for the procreation and nouriſhment of old and young Swine. Thiſ beaſtlouethſociety and to line in heardeſ or flockeſ together, and therefore the 0 firſtinGitu:i— auncientſ haueinuented Hogge—keeperſ, whom they call Swyne—heardeſ, wherein there on of Swwine— heardeſ, waſ wont to be conſidered theſe inſtructionſ,firſt he accuſtomed themto the found of hiſ horne;for by that he called them abroad out of their foldeſ to their feedingſ, for they ne— uerſuffered abouetwelue together at the trough or parcellof meate . It becommetha Swyne—heard (ſaith Colewe/lſ) to be vigilent , diligent, induſtrionſ, and wiſe, for hee m uſt carty in hiſ head the ſtate of all that henouriſheth, both old and young, barren and fruit— full, and confſider the time of their farrowing , wheather they be neare at hand or far off, thatſo nonemay beeloſt through the want of hiſ obſeruation, being farrowed, heemuſt confider and looke vppon them to fee which are fit for ſtore, and which are no:, whatare their 9 wn dat lom i of the Swine. cheirnatureſ :m:u probabilitieſ, how much milletheirdanyiſ able to afford them,and how elrnatit o P 1 :m,a many ſhe iſ to bring vp ,eſpecially to regard thateuery Sow bringvp no morethen her own pig5, forſwine being out of the ſty do mingle one with another, and looſe theitowne young oneſ, and when ſhe lyeth downe to gine them fucke; ſhe lendeth her papſ aſ well toſtrangerſ aſ to her owne,and therefore hereinmuſtthe careand wit oftheheardCmen appeare» forifthere bemany hemuſtſhut vp euery Sowwith her young; andifthatcan= not de, then'wich a litclePitch or Tar lethim gineſeneral matkeſ to theſeuerall farroweſ,y thae to hiſmemory may norbe confounded . Another remedy toanoyd the confuſion of young Pigſ onc among another, iſ ſo to frame the threſhold: of the ſtye,thar the pigy: may ot be able to go in and out,for the Sow'can more caſily goe ouer, and ſo ſbemay 30, Dee cz,ſf:d of their company, :znd.thcy ſafely included at home, and ſoſhallnocſtranger breakeinto them;but enery onein their own neſtexpe& thereturne of their dam, which ought not to exceede the number of eight, for alchough the forcundity of Swine bee great, yet it iſ bertter to kil off two or threeif their numberbeeabonecight, then to per— mit them 'to ſucke their dam , for thiſ multitude of ſuckerſ do quickly drawaway all nouſ riſpment from the dam : and when they are! but eight at the moſt, regard muſt bee had that the Sow be welfed with ſod barly or ſuch like,leaſt through a couctouſ pincbing of the beaſt leaneneſſe follow to her onerthrow &:deſtruction. Another point of agood ſwine— heard;iſ to ſweepe oftentiineſ the ſty, for althoughſuch be the nature of thebeaſtthat it defilechall thingſ, and will be wallowing in themire, yet will the alſo be very defirouſ of acleane lodging, and delight much in the ſame; and when they be ſhut vp they muſtnot: 20 beencloſedlike otherbeaſteſ altogether, for one of them will throng and lye}vpon: ano— ther,but there muſtbe feveral porcheſ and harcheſ to ſeaner & diſtinguiſh therlodgingſ ſo aſ the great with pig may lyein one place, and the other ready to be delinered by them— ſelueſ,free from al incurſion & violence. Theſe deniſionſ or ſeparationſ ought to beſome 3.or4.foot high, ſo aſ they may not be able to leapeoner to one another, & not coucred, to the intent that enery: fwineheard both man &Boy may freely look oner to them ,and tel them if any chance to be miſſing , or elſe help a poore pig when it iſ oner laid by hiſ dam. Whenſocuer the Swincheard clenſeth the ſty, then let him caſt in ſand or ſomeother _ drying thing into it, that all the moy ſture and werneſſe may bedrunkevp. The damme . ought not to be permitted for the firſt ten daieſ to go forth ofthe ſtable,except to drinke, and afterward let her go abroad into ſome adiacen: paſture, not far off, that ſo by her of— ten return ſhe may the better give ſuck to her young oneſ.When the litle oneſare afort— night or three weekeſ old, they deſire to follow their parent, wherfore they muſt be ſhuF vp from their mother , and feed alone in her abſence, that they may berter endure it, af— terward when they ſhalbe weaned. They muſt be fed in the ſummer time in the morning, before the heat bee ſtrong,, and in the heate of the day led into ſome watry or ſhadowy Uat place,thatſo they may be freed frd extreamity ril the coole of the day returnagain, where inthey muſtbeſuffered to feed. In the winter time, they are not to beeled abroadtillthe froſtand yee bethawed and diſſolued. Ten Boareſ are ſufficient for an hundred Sowſ, & 40 althou ghvſomekccpe fine or ſixhundred in a heard, aſ we may readin ſcripture ofthegreat heardſ of Swine,,into which our ſaviour Chriſt permitted the Divelſ to enter, yet iſ it not ſife or wholſometo keepe aboue an hundred together, for a leſſeflock or heard requireth lefſe coſt; charge, and attendance. There iſ a ſpeech of Tremellivſ Serefit, tending to the commendation of the cuſtody or nouriſhing of Swine, for thuſ he writeth: Agrical tur a oh initio {ui {tudioſuſ, nec de pecore ſ[uillo mihi minor cura cſt, quam vobiſ magniſ pecuariſſ. Cui enim careſ non eſt communiſ ? quiſ entin m)ſtmmſſfunduffl colit quin _/ weſ habent , & qui izflſſzȝ ane+ dierit putraſ noſtroſ dicere ignanum & [umptuſ fum eſſeogqui ſuccidiggn in carnario [uſþendit po— timſ ab laniarto quam ex domeſtico funde ? That iſ to{ay , Lhaue been@long given to follow adry, and I have alway had aſ great careofnay Swyne, aſ other men of greatercat— —what iſ there, whereunto ſwine arenor profirable? who tillech Jand and keepethnot Of nin the ſhambleſ, and lineth rather vpon che Butcherſ, then vpon hiſ Thuſ far Tremelliuſ. & r — ; fa good Svvinehardiſ, to i'oo'z;e to the gelding ofhiſ S.\/Y)ct'zzc,\ang ce ſuffered to procreate and engender it iſ more P pp' daunger : yS Collumalin Palladineſ » he i Ia 21 huch— whivhbKaage" o hath not heard our fatherſ ſay, that he iſ an idleill huſband vvhich hangſ 674 Pliny Feſinſ Abenzoor The nature of thiſ beaſt, Adamantiuſ Pliny ) Aclianuſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. danger that Swine would in ſhorttime eatevp men;rather thenmen Swine.. The Latinſ call ſucha Hogge gelded Macaliſ; and Partuſtruſ, that iſ! Porenaſ caſtratuſ,the Germanſ einbarg,or Berz,from whence ſeemethto:be derined our Engliſh Barrow—hog (forſo wee calla geldcd-malc—hog) and a female Baſſe— Thebeſttime therefore to geld them iſ inthe old Moone, oraſ weſay in the waineof the Moone, but Heſied, preſcribeth, that an Oxeand a Boare thould be geldedin theſecond quarter and firſt day thereof;,and Arif,, tleiſ of opinion that it Skillethnot whatage a Boare bewhen heec iſ libbed; but it iſ cleare by the beſt experiencedamongtheſe beaſtſ, thereare two timeſ of gelding them 3 one in theſprinlg, ancbthe other in the Autumne, and thiſ iſ to be done aftera double manner ; Firſt, by making two inciſionſ or woundſ vpon biſiſtoneſ, out of which holeſ the ſtoneſ aretobe preſſedforth. — Theſecond may iſ more perillouſ, yet more cleanely ;for firſt of all at one wounde or incilion they take out one ſtone, then that being forth, with their knyfe they cut the fmall ſkin which parteth the ſtoneſin the cod,andſo preſſe foorth the ſecond ſtone atthefirſt wound, afterwardapplyeng to it ordinary medicineſ ;ſuch'aſ we will deſcribe in the trea— tiſe of their diſeaſeſ. And the opinion of Vare iſ, thatit iſ good to libthemat halfe a yeare old,or at a yeare old, or at threeor foure yeare old, for their betterfarting 5 but beſtat a yeare, and not vn— der halfe a yeare. When the ſtoneſ are taken forth of an oldBore, ſuppoſe two, or three orfoure yeare old, they arecalled by the Latinſ Pa//mentſ, becauſe with them they poli— , ſhed and ſmoothed garmentſ. ©Thefemalealſo iſ gelvor ſplayed, (although ſhe often bore pigſ/ whereofthey open the ſide (neere herloineſ) and take away from her Ap7/1, and receptacleſ of the Boareſ ſeede, which being ſewed vp againe, in ſhort time iſ encloſed in fat 5 thiſ they do by hang— ing them vp by their forelegſ, and firſt of allthey which do it moſt commodionſly, muſt cauſe them to faſttwo daieſbefore ; and then hauing cut it, they ſew vp and cloſe faſta— gaine the wound or inciſion, and thiſ iſ doone in the ſame place of the female, that the ſtoneſ are to be taken out in the male(aſ A7/Zo#le writeth)but rather it appeareth by good examination and proofe,chaviit iſ tobe cut out on the right, againſtthe bone (called 08 [a— criim.) And the onely caute of thiſ Sow—gelding iſ; for their better growth and farning 5 whichinfome Countrieſ they vſe, being forced thereunto through their penury & want of food ; but whereaſ iſ pleaty of food , there they neuer know it: and theinuenterſ hereof werethe Greecianſ, whoſe cuſtome waſ to cut out the whole matrix. . And thuſ much for thelibbing, gelding, and ſplaying of Swine. . Thiſ beaſt iſ a moſt vnpureand vncleanebeaſt, and rauening ;and thereforewe vſe(not improperly) to cal Ob/cene and filthy men or women, by the name of Swyne or Soweſ. They which haue forcheadſ, eyclidſ, lipſ, mouth, or Necke,like Swyne, are accounted fooliſh; wicked, and wrathful :al their ſenceſ (their ſmelling excepted) are dull, becauſe. they haue noarticleſ intheir heartſ, but hawe thicke blood, and ſome ſay, that the acute— neſſeand ripeneſſe of theſonle, ſtandeth not inthe thickneſſe of the blood, but in theco— uer and $kin of the body , and that thoſe beaſtſ which haue the thickeſt Skinſ, are accoun— ted the moſtblockifh & fartheſt from reaſon but thoſe which haue the thinneſt & ſofteſt, areth: quickeſtof vnderſtanding : an example whereof iſ apparant in the Oyſter, Oxe, and Ape. They have a maruaylouſ vnderſtanding of the voyce of their feeder,and aſar— dent deſire to come at hiſ call, through often cuſtome of meat, whereupon lyeth thiſ ex— cellent ſtory. When certaine pyrateſ in the TFrrhexe ſea, had entred a Hauen, and went or land, they cam e to a Swineſ ſtye and drew out thereof diverſ Swine, and ſo carriedthem onſhipboard, and looſing their Anckerſ and tacklingſ, doe depart and ſaile away. The Swincheardeſ ſeeing the piratſ commit'thiſ robbery, and nor being ableto deliuer and reſcue their cattel, becauſethey wanted both company&ſtrength,ſufferd the theeueſ infi— ® lenceto ſhip & carry away their cattel:atlaſt,when they ſaw the Theeueſ rowing out of the port, and lanching intothe deepe, then they lift vp their voyceſ and wich their accuſto— med cricſ or calſ, called vpd their Swine to come to their meat;aſſoone aſ the ſwine heard the ſime,they preſently gat to the right ſide of the veſſellor barke, and there BSocking to— gither,the ſhip being vnequally ballanced or loden, oyerturned al into the ſea, andſothe puratſ 1@ we © @ ES d g> a Of the Swine. 675 piratſ Wzrſie i,uffly }Yrowmd in reward ofthe theft, and the ſtolne Swine ſnam ſafely backe again to their maiſterſandkeeperſ. Thenature of thiſ beaſt iſ to delight in the moſtfilth andnoyſome placeſ,for no other cauſe;(aſ I thinkybut becauſe of their dulſenceſ T;)ci voice iſ cald Gruympituſ gruntling, Sordida/uſ paſcenſ ruriſ Cramina gruunit, which iſ a tm"g levoiceto one that iſ notaccuſtomedtherunto,(for euen the Elephantſ areafraid thcſſ-ſic ofyeſpecially when one of them iſ bupt or banged{aft, or bitten, then all the 1'c;fi.dues;ſisi: were in compaſſion condoling hiſ miſtry, cun to him and cry wi;h him, and thiſ voice i; very common inſwine at all handſ to cry,except he be carried with hiſ fxcad vp'.vards' tſi*- wardſ heauen, & thenlit iſ afirmed/he neuer eryeth, thereaſon wheroſ iſ pinen b)ſſ/ A}zſſ;'mſi- en :»becauſe it iſ alwaie acuſtomed to looke downward, and therefore when it iſ forced o look vpward it iſ ſuoddenly appaled and afraid,held with admiration of the goodly ſpaceſi 1 b\ bou n the heavenſ,like oneaſtoniſhed, holdcth hiſ peace (fome ſay that then the artery of hi voilcciq.prcſſcd)and ſo he cannot ery alowd, There iſ a fith in the riner Ache— lowſwhich gruntleth like a hog, whereof Zewewa/ſpeaketh, ſaying : Et guam reimigibuſ grum iſſe Elpenoraporciſ. And thiſ voice of ſwine iſ by Ceciliuſ atributed to drunken men. The milke of Swine iſ very thicke, and therefore cannot make whay like, a ſheepeſ, howbeir it ſuddenly coagulateth and congealeth togither. Among diverſ maleſ.or Boateſ when one ofthem iſ congueror, the reſidue gine obedience and yeald vito him, and the chiefe time ofct:h\ct:ſſir fight Or_diſcordls in theirluſt, or otheroccaſionſ of food,or ſtrangneſſe , at which 20 timeitiſnot ſafe for any mante comenearethem;for feare of danger from both partieſ; andeſpecially thoſe which weare white garmentſ . And S#rabo reporteth in general! of al the Belgian Swine,, that they were ſo fierce,ſtrong, and wrathfull,that it waſ aſ much daun— gerto com ner them aſ to angry wolfeſ. Nature bath made a greatleaguebcetwixt Swyne and Crocodileſ, for there iſ no beaſtthat may ſo freely feed by the bankſ fideſ of Az/wſ, Framy aſ theſwine may ,, without all huri by the Crocodil.Other Serpentſ, eſpecially the ſmaller Serpemeſ which are oftentimeſ devoured by Swine , Ari/lerle ſaith, that when many of them are together they feare not the wolfe, & yet they neuer devoure any wolfe, but on— ly with their ſcarring andgruntling noiſe feare them away.When a wolfe getteth a ſwine, Calcagninuyſ hedeneureth him, and before he can eate Him, draggeth bim by the eareſ to ſome water :(;ſſ;ſſ,*" to coole hiſ teeth in hiſfleſh (which aboue meaſure burne in deucuringhiſ ficſh. ) It hath at . binſeene that a Lyon waſ afraid of a Sow,for at the ſetting vp of hiſ briſtleſhe ran away. ****** Itiſreported that ſwine will follow a man allthe day long which hath caten the braine of a Crow in hiſ pottage: and A/gzdivſ affirmeth, that Dogſ will run away from him that hath pulled off a ticke from 2 ſwineſ backe . (The people of My/ſyrecun: did engender .man with Woman publike like ſwine, and Szobewſ writing againſt women ſaith, that ſome of them are derined from one beaſt, and fome from another, and namely a woman diſcended of aSow ſitteth at home ,and doth neither good nor harme: but Simomideſ writeth otherwiſe, andramely that a womarborne of a Sow ſittethat home ſuffering allthingſ to be impure, wncleane; and out ot order, without decking, dreſſing, or ornament, and ſoſhe groweth fat inher vowaſhed garmentſ.And thereare many fictionſ of the tranſforming into ſwine. Homerfaineth that the companionſ of Vi/iſſeſwere all by Circeſ turned into ſwine, which iſ interpreted in thiſ manner; Cce to fignifie vnreaſonable pleaſure, Viiſſeſ to ſignifice the ſoule; and hiſ companionſ the inferior affectionſ thereof;and ſo were the companionſ of Fiiſſeſturned into ſwine by Circe, VWhen vnreaſonable pleaſureſ do ouercome our affecti— onſ ancdmake vſlike ſwine in following our appetiteſ : and therefore it waſ the counſell of Secrateſ,chat no manſhould at banqueteate more then ſuſficfent, and thoſe which could notabſtaine from them,ſhould forbeare their cempany that perſwaded them to eat when they were not hungry, & to drinke when they were not chirſty, and therefore he ſuppoſed that itwaſ ſaid in ieſt that Circeturned men into ſwine. When aſ /iiſ/eſ by hiſ owne abſi— . tence and Afercury hiſ counſell, waſ delivered and ſaued from that nct\oſt ſauagetranſtor— * mation}which canſed Horace thuſ to write ; Viiſſeſ // bibiſſer pocula Circeſ —Cum ſacifſ Vixiſſet caniſ immunduſ vel—amica luto ſuſ, Andfromthiſ came the originall pronuerbe of Porcelluſ Acarnaninſ for atender and 'c!sli— cate perfon,vſed ſo to fulneſ, thatal penury iſ death vnto him. Sweet fiuſſours aſ we haue ſhcwcdſſa?ready, arevery hurrfull to ſwine, eſpecially the ſx\._ſiceloy}ſſs of Marxora}n. \ct'V her— upon came the prouerb NW cup apmaracino (ui, and Lucretinſ ſpeaketh hereof in thiſ ſort , 10 40 Xe fflvp@n F v 676 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Denid, amaracinum fugitat ſuſ &r timet omne, Vagnentum : nam ſetigeriſ [ubuſ acre venenum eſt : And for thiſ cauſe Tulliuſ Cicero ſaith, 2W alablaſtruſ putaet vnguentiplena. Thatiſ, A box of Alablaſter full of oyntment iſ diſpleaſing to thiſ beaſt,for aſ the Scarabee or Horſe fly forſakethſweet placeſ to light and ſitvponhorſedung, euenſo doth Swine. There be many ofthe aunci— entſ that haue delinered merrily Apz/4 ſwiſprofage, thatthe Swineſ ſoule iſ in their body (Fylmſ but in ſtead ofſalt to keepe the flieſh from ſlinking, euen aſfor no other purpoſe many a— mong men ſeem to line and retaine ſoule in body. They are very clamorouſ, and there— foreare vſed for talking and pratling felloweſ, whereupon the GreekePoet Luciliuſ tran— ſlated by Exaſm@ſ alludeth, whenheſaith in thiſ manner ,vnder Alia Menecleſ alia porceling "* Toquitur ; Sucula,boſ,C capramihi, peridre Menecleſ, Ac merceſ horum nomine pen/a tibi eſt. Nec mihicum Othryade quicquam eſtuefuit—ne negort, ecfureſ viloſ huc cito Thermopyliſ. Sed contra Eutychidem nobiſ liſ : proinde quid hiſ mſ Aut Kerxeſ facit , aut quid Lacedamoniſ ? Ob paCtune & de me loquere , aut clamanero Clare, Multo alind dicvit ſuſ,alind Menecleſ. And to conclude, in Latin they ſay Suſ mixerwamſ, when an vnlearned dunce goeth about ** to teach hiſ better ora more learned man, then doththe Hog teach P4Zaſ,or aſ we ſay in Engliſh,thefoule Sowteach the faire Ladyto ſpin. There are in Swinemany preſageſand foretokenſ of foule weather,aſ Swine—heardeſ hane obſerued : aſ firſtifthey lye long wallowing in the mire, or if they feed more greedi= ly then they wereaccuſtomed,or gather together in their mouthſ, hay , ſtubble, or ſtraw, aſ Aratuſ writeth;or if they leap and dance,or friſk in any vnwontedſort: and for their co— pulation in yeareſ that will prouc moyſt, they will euer be boring,, but in dryer yearſ they areleſlelibidinouſ. 4V The greateſtharm that commeth by Swine iſ in rooting and turning vp of the earth,and thiſ they do in cdrn fieldſ, for which we haue ſhewed that the Ciprianſ made a law to beat 30 out the teethof ſiich Swine, for thiſ cauſe Zomer writeth that Ir#ſ threatnethVi/iſſeſ,be— cauſe hiſ companionſ eatevp allhiſcorne, to: knocke outtheir teeth : yet ſometimeſ the Kuſbandmen admit them of purpoſe, both into their land beforeit bee plowed, and alſo into their vineyardſ. It iſ ſaid thatthe Egyptianſ forbeare to ſacrifice them ,becauſe they tread in their corne in their fieldſafter it iſ ſ{welled out of the earth,ſo aſ the Birdſ cannot gather it vp againe, aſ we hane ſhewed before . The Ieweſ and the Egyptianſ accounted thiſ beaſt mo ſt vacleane. The Ieweſ not aſ the vaine gentileſ imagined becauſe they wor— ſhipped it, for that it taught'men to plow theearth, but for thelaw of God . AndtheE— gyprianſ hold it a profaigne thing, and thereforethey hadan ancient law, thatno Swyne— heard thould come into their temple, or that any man ſhould gine him hiſ Daughterin marriage . It iſ very certaine that they were wont to be vſed in ſacrifice. The ſaid Egyp— 4* tianſ neuer ſacrificed them but to the Moone andto Bacchuſ, and at other timeſ it waſ vn— Tawfull, either to offer them, or to eate them : butitſeemeth by many Authorſ that their firſiſacrificeſ were of Swyne, for we read of ancient cuſtomſ in Hetruria,thatattheirmar— riage feaſteſ they offered and ſacrificed a Sow to Venwſ, and at other timeſ, eſpecially in harueſtthey did ſo to Cezeſ. The Latineſ do hold a Swine very gratefulland ſacredto Z4pi— ter, becauſe aſ they beleeued that a Sow did firſt of alllend her papſ to him ,and therefore all of them worſhip a Sow, and abſtaine from her fleſh . Likewiſe in Myſia and phoenttia, there were templeſ of Zwpiter, whercin it waſ forbiddento ſacrifice or kill Swyne by a pub— like law, Lke aſ it waſ among the Ieweſ.Whenthe Kingſ of Sparzſ were firſt of allchoſen into that royall place, they were permitted to execute the prie ſtſ office, and to the intent *" thatchey mightnever want ſacrificeſ, there waſ a preuiledge graunted them to take2 pig of cuery Sow, and when they ſ acrificed to mpizer a Swine,itmuſtbeaſter or atatryumph: they were alſoſactificed to Nep/aze, becauſe they were impetuouſ and ranging beaſtſ ;& a Boare waſ holy to Marſ, according to thiſ ſaying of Pomponiwſ in Atellama. Marſ tibi fac— } EHrWM \. of the Swine. eurii,ſi vnqui rediveo, bidente verre. Andthere waſ a cuſtome among the Arhepianſ when aman had ſlaine an hundred enimieſ, he waſ permitted to offer vp to Marſ, ſome part of a manat Zemuoſ, and afterward they grew out of liking of thiſ vainccuſtomſie and in ſtead therofſacrificed a barrow or gelded hog,&when they houſled their armv,th;y did it with hogſ,ſaccp, or Bulſ,and nothing elſe,and they com'paſſcd itabout3z .timeſ with pomp& ſtately proceſſion, and atlaſt ſlew and offeredthem to Marſ.They were wortto ſacrifice a hogfor a man that had recouerd hiſ witſ afterhe had bin mad,and alſo they ſacred Swyne to Silzanxſ, according to theſe verſeſ; Cedere Siluano porcum quadvrante lanarir . Andagaine : Te//lurem porce Siluanum lae piabant. Their pagan God Teymizuſ, had an Ewe and a young Sow offered to him (aſ Onid writethy althou gb by the laweſ of Ayma,al 10 ſacrifice of liuing thingſ were forbidden vnto him. To Cezeſ and Bacchuſ,we haue ſhewed already , how they wereoffered, and the reaſon of their ſacrificing waſ, becauſe they were hurrfull to all greene corne and vineſ 5 Cerezauide Lauiſa ſt de [ainguine porci, Vita ſtwaſ merita cade nocenteſ opeſ, Nam ata vere nonoteneriſ lattentia ſucciſ, Eruta ſctigerſ comperit ore ſwiſ, Andagaine in another place he writeth thuſ : Prima putatur hoſtia Suſ meruiffe mor;, quia ſemina pando, Er verit roſiroſþemd, interceperit anni, Thetime of their ſacrificing to Cereſ waſ in Aprill, wherein the pricſteſ with Lampſ and Torcheſ, and apparelled in white garmentſ,did firſt of all kill a female Swine , and then of— ferher, and ſometime thiſ waſ a Sow with farrow, becauſe thereby in a miſtery they pray— edthe fruitefulneſle and fecundity of the earth, and for theſe and ſuch like canſeſ we read oftitleſ put vpon them, aſ Porca precidanea,tor the ſow that waſſlaine before the reaping, and Poreſ preſa, for the ſow that waſ offered at a funcrall for the ſafety of all the family, wherein the dead manlived. They alſo ſactificed a barren ſow to Profſerpina,becauſe ſhee never bore children, and to Z#20 in the calendſ of euery month : And thuſ much for their ſacrificing. Now we are to come to the vſe of ſwine and their ſeucrall partſ, firſt of all it iſ certaine that there iſ no beaſt leſſe profitable being alive then a hog, and yet at hiſ latter 30 end hc payeth hiſ maiſter for hiſ keeping. Ciceroſaid well Swſ ditid habet prater eſcam, out qvidem ne putreſceret ,animam ipſam pro [ale datam eſſe dicit Chryſippuſ.A hog bath nothing in him beſide hiſ meate, and that therefore the ſoule thereof waſ given to it in ſtead of ſalt to keepeit from ſtinking: for indeed in Lionſ, Dogſ, Beareſ, Horſſeſ, and Elephantſ, all their vertue lyeth in their mindſ, and their fleſh iſ vnprofitable and goodfor nothing,but the Swine hath no giftſ at all in the mind, but in the body , the life therof keeping the fleſh and body from putrifaGion.Andthere iſ no beaſtthat God hath ordained for domeſtical proviſion of food and meat to man,,except Hareſ & conieſ,that iſ ſo fruitful aſ Swinare, God (aſ we haue touched already)Leuit. 1 1. Deut, 14. forbad hiſ people of Uraell to eate heereof, becauſe it waſ an vncleane beaſt nor chewing the cud;and furthermore the ob— 40 ſeruation of Procopinſ iſ memorable, that whereaſ the Egyprianſ did worſhip with divine 5 worſhip, both Oxen, Kyne, and ſheep, and would not eat of their fleſh or killthem in ſa— crifice, yet did eat, and kil, and facrifice Swine. The Teweſ were permitted and commaun— dedto eat Oxen & ſheep, and abſtain from the fleſh of Swineſ thuſ manifeſting how dif— ferent hiſ waieſ and thqughtſ arefrom the waieſ and thoughtſ of men . TheLorddoth not thiſ for pollicy , but to try the obedience of hiſ people, placeth therin one part of hiſ werſhip, andtherefore by hiſ prophetſ.Eſa. 65 . & 66. calleth the eating of Swineſ fleſh abomination, and threataeth theruntoa certaine vpauoy dable iud&ment and damnation. The woman and her ſeuen ſonſ which were apprehended by King Apriacheſ, and by him o tempted to eat ſwineſ fleſh which they refuſed to do, (bcingagainſt the law of their God) areremembred aſ moſt worthy Martyreſ of hiſ Church, that endured, cutting off their handſ and feete,, pulling out their toong, and ſeething in a boyling caldron with other ex— quiſite tormentſ incident to ſuch death, aſ iſ recorded by Z4/ow 2.Macab.6.We read that Heliogabaluſ did abſtaine from ſwineſ fleſh, becauſe he waſ a Phocu/cian, and t hey forbore 10 eate it. The women of Braceſ in Affricke,do neuer taſtot Coweſ fieth or Swineſ fleſh"ſi{'h — Ppp 3 & 677 Gilluſ | | .%: 678 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſlſ. The Arabian Scenteſ neucr cate hereof, and Swine cannor live in their Counttieſ, ( Teſiaſ and Aeliannſ affirme) that in Z2d%4 there are no Swine, either tame or wilde, and that the Zodmzſ do aſ much forbeareto eate of Swineſ fleth, in deteſtationthereofaſ they doofmanſ fleſh. . 3 Now concerning the fleſh of Swine, dinerſ opinionſ are held about the goodneſſeand euill thereof, yet Hppocrateſ w riteth, that Porcine carneſ prawg (unt quum fuerint crudio— veſ & ambuſta, magiſ autem choleram generant, & turbationem ( faciunſ , Suilla ecarneſ optime (unt omnium carnium . That iſ , The fieth of a Boare being raw or roaſted iſ worſt of all o— ther, becauſe it engendereth Cholor and wilde windy matter in the ſtomocke ; but the fieſh of a Sow iſ the beſt of al fieſh, with thiſ proviſo, that it neither exceed in fatneſle,lean 19 nefſe,orage. There iſamerry and a witty anſwer of a memorable Noble Man toan old Gentlewo— man (if not a Ladyywho diſpraiſed Bacon at the Noble Manſ table, and ſaid it waſ a chur— liſh, vopleaſant meate. The Lord vnderſtanding a priuy Emphaſiſ in that ſpeech againſt himſelte, (for hiſ name waſ written withthoſe Letterſ and ſillableſ) aunſwered her ; you ſay trath, if the Bacon be a piece of anold Sow,(aſ peraduenture ſhe ſcemed to be at that time :) The beſt opinion about the concoGive quality of thiſ fleſh iſ,that then it iſ beſt, when'it iſ in middle age, neither a pig, nor an old Hogge, for a pigge iſ ouer moyſt, like the Damme which iſ the moyſteſtof all other earthly Beaſteſ ;and therefore cannot but engender much flegme : and for thiſ cauſe the fatteſt are reproouedfora good diet, for , thatit cannot digeſtwell through ouer much humidity. And theolde Swine are moſt hard of concodtion, ( yea though they beeſcorched orſenged at the fire)y becauſe therby iſ increaſed in their fleſh much acrimony and ſharp— neſſe, which in the ſtomacke of man turneth into Choler : for they bite all the veſſelſ rea— ching to the ſtomacke, making aderiuation of all thoſeillhumentrſ into the belly and o— ther partſ. I go not like their opinion, which thinke that it iſ better cold then hot, for feare of in— flammation, thiſ rule iſ good in the fleſh of Goateſ (which are exceeding whot) but in Swynewhere iſ no predominancy but of moyſture, it iſ betterto eate them hot then cold, euen aſ hot Milke iſ more wholeſomethen cold . ZTipprerazeſ doth preſcribetheea— ting of Swyneſ fleſh in the ſickneſſe efthe Spleene ;andCelivſ Aureliannuſ, forbiddeth the 39 ſame in the palſic or falling fickneſſe. Galen iſ of opinion that Caro porcina potentiſſime mxtrit: nouriſheth moſt ſtronely ,and potently ; whereof hee giveth an inſtance for a reaſon taken from Championſ, Comba— tantſ, or Wreſtlerſ, if the day before they Wreſtle or fight, they feed on an equall quan— tity of any other fleſh, they feel themſelueſ weak and feeble, in compariſon of that iſ ga— thered from Swynſ fleſh : and thiſ (he faith) may be tryed in labourerſ , Myonerſ, Dig— gerſ, and Huſbandmen ſ which retaine their ſtrength aſwell ( if not better) by eating of Swyneſ fleſh or Bacon aſ any other meare : For aſ Beefe in thickneſſe and ſolidity of ſubſtance tothe eyeſ appearance, excelleth Porkeor Bacon, ſo Porkeand Bacon excel— 49 leth and iſ preferred before Beefe, for a clammy nouriſhing humour — And thiſ comp2— tiſon betwixt Pork and Beefe, Galein amplyfieth farther in theſe wordeſ : Of Swineſ fieſh, thoſe are beſt for men in their middleand ripe age, which are of Hoggeſ of aunſwerable age, and to other whichare but growing to a ripeneſſe and perfection, piggſ, Sheateſ, and young growing Swyne, are moſtnouriſhable . And onthe contrary, young grow— ing Oxen are moſt nouriſhable to men of perfe& yeareſ and ſtrength, becauſe an Oxt iſ of a far more dry temperament then a Hog. —_ A Goate iſ leſſe drythen an Oxe, and yet compared to a manor a Swyne,it excelleth both of them; for there iſ a great reſemblJance or ſimilitude betwixt a manſ fleſh and Swineſ fleſth, which ſeme haue proued in taſt, for they haue eaten of both at one Table, / and could find no difference in one from the other : for ſome euill Inn—keperſ and hoaſtſ haue ſo deceined men, which continueda greate while, not deſcryed or puniſhed, vorill atlaſtthe finger of a man waſ mixed therewitk, and being found the Authourſ receiued their reward . Swineſ fleſh alſo iſ leſſe excrementall then piggeſ fleſh, and therefore morenutrible; for the moyſter thatthe fleſh iſ, the ſooner it iſ diſperſed, and the vcrruict o Of the Swine. 679 ofitauoided, and olde ſwine notwithſtanding their primitiue and natwrall moiſture yet grow very dry, and their fleſh iſ worſt of al, becauſe in nature, humidity helpeththe ſicon- eodtionthereof. & Allſwineſ fleſh being concoGed engenderethmany good humorſ, yet withalthey ontaine akindofglutinouſ hcturfuor, w_hlch ſtoppeth the liver and reinſ, eſpecially in thoſe which by nature are apt to thiſ infirmity: Andalthogh ſome are of opinton, that the wilde Borc_f iſ more nonſhaſiblcthcn the tame ſwine, becauſe of hiſ laborouſ courſe of life, and gertireg hiſ prey; yer itappeareth thatthetame ſwine by their reſtylife, and caſie gathe— ring of their meate, are mademore fit for nouriſhment of man, for they are more moiſt: and ſwineſ ficſh without conuenient moiſtdre (which iſ many timeſ wanting in wilde Boreſ) iſ poiſon to the ſtomacke, and yet for a man that hath propounded to himſelfe a thin extenuating diet,[ would wiſh him to forbeare boththe one and the other, except he vſeexerciſe, and then he may eat the eareſ, or the cheekeſ, or the feet, or the haſlet,if they be well ſod or dreſſed : provided they benor freſh, but ſauced or powdred ; Andit iſno maruellthatſwineſ fleſh ſhouldeſo wellagree with ourſ, for it iſ apparant that they line in dirt, and loue to muddle in the ſame. And if any manaſke how it commeth to paſſe ,that ſwine which both feed andline ſo filthily, ſhould beſo noriſhable to the nature of man ; ſome make anſwere, that by reaſon oftheir good conſtitution of body, they turne ill nutriment to a goodfleſh : for aſ men which be of a ſounde, perfe&, and healthy diſpoſition or temperature, are not hurt by a *"© lJirle cuill meat, which iſ hard of digeſtion ; euen ſo iſ it with wellconfſtituted and tempe— redſwine,by continuall feeding vpon euill thingſ, they grow not onely to no harme ,but alſo to a good eſtate, becauſe nature in proceſſe of time draweth good out of euill : But if men which hane moiſt ſfomackeſ, do eat of ſwineſ fleſh, then do they ſufferthereby great harme,for aſ water powred vpon wet ground, increaſeth the dirt,ſo moiſtneſ put vpon a moiſt ſtomacke,, increaſeth morefeebleneſſe : but if a man of a dry and moiſt ſtomack, do eate Reereof ,it iſ like rain falling into a dry ground,which begetteth and engendreth ma— ny wholeſome fruteſ and hearbeſ. And if a ſwine befatted with dried figgeſ or Nutſ, it iſ much more wholeſome. With wine all ſwineſ fleſh iſ moſt noutiſhable, and therefore the vniverſity of Saler»zum, preſcribed that in their verſeſ to theking of England, and alſ 3® ſothey commended their loyneſ and gutſ : Ilia porcorum bona ſunt , mala ſunt refequorum. And Fiera deſcribeth the eating of Hogſ—fleſh in thiſ manner ; Suſ tibi canoſo coena domeſticuſ ore, + Grataferat nobiſ menſa byemaliſ aprum. Ile licet currat de vertice montiſ, aquoſ 2 Carniſ evit ,pluri ſed tamen apt a cibo eſt. Hine feritaſ ſilueg, domant,C inania ſaxa, Poft melinuſ poſitaruſlicitate ſapit. t Andwhereaſ Hippocrateſ commendedſwineſ fleſh for Championſ or Combatantſ, it iſ 40 certaine, chat 3i/# the Champion thorough eating of ſwineſ fleſh, fell to ſuch a heighth ofcholler, that he caſtit vpwardſ and downwardſ. & When the wombe of a woman iſ vicerated, let her abſtaine fromall ſwineſ fieſh, eſpe— cially the eldeſtand the youngeſt. It iſ not good for any man to taſte or eat thiſ fleſb in the Summer time, or any hor weather, for then onely it iſ allowed when extreame fr_oſtc_s have tempered it for manſ ſtomacke, and the ſtomacke forit: thefleſh of wilde ſwine iſ moſtofall hurtfullto them that live at eaſe, without exerciſe, becauſe that they are im— moderately given to ſleepe.Someare of opivion that a fow which iſ killed immediatly af— ter the Boare hath coucred hir, iſ not ſo wholeſome aſ other : Heliogabaluſ obſcrued thiſ cuſtome, to eat one day nothing but Pheſant Henſ , another day nothing but Pullen,and 50 the third day nothing but porke. 1 5 P 5 There waſ in auncient time a diſh of mear called T#o/ianmwſ, the 7+9708 Hog.in IMMLATE Eypſounſ onofthe Trozan horſe, for aſ that waſ ſtuffed within with many armed men, ſo waſ thiſ Arzrrobiſ withmany ſeuerallmeatſ, and whole beaſtſ, aſ Lambeſ, Birdſ, Caponſ, and ſuch like,to & a ; » ſernetheappetiteſ of the moſt ſtrange belly—Goddeſ, and Archited&ſ of gluttonny}. and * i there— 1 "iger— | | E Tobiſcuſ Palladinſ, The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. therefore Cincinſ in hiſ oration , wherein he perſwaded the ſenatorſ and people to the law Fannia,veprooucth thiſ immoderate riot in banguetſ,22 apponendo menſiſ porcum Troia— num, and indeed it wanted not effect, for they forbad both Prrcaw: Tre/daume, and Callum apriignum. There waſ avother (Raven—monſter—diſh , (called P/rax) wherein were included ma— ny Beaſtſ, Fowleſ,Eggeſ,; and other thingſ which were diſtributed whole to the gueſtſ, and no maruell, fot thiſ Beaſtwaſ aſ great aſ a Hog,and yer gilded oucr withſiluer. And Hippolockuſ inhiſ Epiſtle to Lypremſ,ſpeaking of the banquet of Caremiſ ,faith thuſ, A//4— tuſ eſt nobiſ etiam porcuſ dimidia parte diligenter affuſ ſine toſtuſ ,& dimidia alteraparte tan— , quam ex aquamolliter elixuſ , mira ctiam coquiinduſiriaituparatuſ, u3 quaparte ingulatuſ efſet , c& quomodo varijſ deliciiſ refertuſ einſ venter non appareat . There waſ broughttovſ a Hog, whereofthe one halfe waſ wel roſted , and the other halfe or fide wel ſod, and thiſ waſ ſo induſtriouſly prepared by the Cook,thatitdid notapeare where the hog waſ ſlain orreceinedhiſ deadly wounde, nor yet how hiſ belly came to be ſtuffed with diverſ and ſundry excellent and delicate thingſ. The Rowanſ had a faſhion to deuideand diſtribute a Hoggc,which appeareth in theſe verſeſ of Adarziall : Iſtetibifaciet bona ſaturnaliaporcuſ , LInter (pumanteſ ilice paſtuſ aproſ. And of the eating of a ſucking pigge, AG,@/a//alſo writeth in thiſ manner : Latte mero paſtum pigy a neibi matriſ alummune Ponat,cr Aetolo de [ne dineſ edat . Imightaddemany other thingeſ concerning. the eating and dreſſing of Swineſ ficſh, both young and olde, but I will paſſeit oner, leauing thatlearning to euery Cooke, and Kitchin—boy. & ſi Concerning Bacon,that which iſ cald by the Latinſ Perz4, I might adde many thingſ, neither improper, nor impertinent,& I canot rell whether it ſhould be a faultto omititin thiſ place. Theword Perza after Varro Aeemeth to be deriued from Pede, but in my opini— on, it iſ more conſonant to reaſon, that it iſ derived from the Greek word Prer»a, which iſ the ribſ and hipſ of the hogge, hanged vp andſalted, called by Aazria// Peraſa, and by Plantuſ Ophthalmia,?Hor cum, Scombrum, and Laridnſ : 30 Ouanta pecuſ peſtiſ veniet ,quanta labeſ larido. 'The time of the making of Bacon , iſ in the winuter ſeaſon, and all the cold weather, andof thiſ Marzia//writethvery much in one place : Muſteuſ eſt proper a, charoſ ne differ amicoſ Nam mihi cum vetulo ſit peſatone nibil. Andagaine. Et pulpam dubio de petaſone vor aſ Cretana mihi fiet, vel maſſalicebit De menapſſ lauti, de petaſone vorant. Strabo in hiſ time commended the Bacon of the Gawleſ,or of Framce , affirming that it waſ not inferior to the A/za7or Zyc/an, an old citty of Spaine (called Porapelonynere Aquitinia, waſalſo famouſ for Bacon.They firſt of allkilled their hogſ, and then burned or ſcalded 4 ofaltheir haire,& after a litecle ſeaſon did ſlit them aſſunder inthemiddle,laying themvp— onſalt in ſome tub or deep trough,and there couering them al ouer with ſalt,wich the ſkin vPpcrmoſt,and ſo heap flitch vpon flitch;til al be ſalted ,and then againe they often tornd the ſame,that euery part and ſide, might receiue hiſ ſeaſon ; that iſ, after 5.daieſ, laying them vadermoſtwhich were vpermoſt ,and thoſe vpermoſtwhich were vndermoſt. Then after 1 2.daieſ ſalting,they tooke al out of the tub or trough, rubbing off from it al the ſalt, and ſo hanged itvp two daieſ in the winde, and the third day they allto anoint it with oile, and did hange it vp two daieſ more in the ſmokeſ and afterward take it downeagaine,and hange it or lay it vppe in the larder, whereallthe meat iſ preſerued,ſtill looking warily va to it, to preſerue it from mice andWormeſ : And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice at thiſ time for the fleſh of Hoggeſ , both Porkeand Bacon. The,milk of a fow iſ fat and thick,very apt to congeal ,& needetR not any runner to turne it ſ it breedethlittle whay , and therefore it iſ not fit for the ſtomacke, except to procure vomiting,& becauſe it hach bin often proued;that they which drink or eat ſow milk falinto ſcurfleſ 0 va of the Swine. 681 ſcurffeſ and Le prqſics » (which diſeaſeſ the A#4275 hate aboucallothetr) thereforethe E. prianſ added thiſ to all the reſidue of their reaſonſ, to condemne a ſow for an vaciean and filthy beaſt : And thiſ waſ peculiarly the ſaying of Maxethon. With the ſkinneſ of ſwine which the Greecianſ did call Phoyine, they made ſhoo—lea— TÞ: vſeof ther, but now a daieſ by reaſon of the tenderneſſe and looſeneſſe thereof, they vſeitnor o Se þutleaucit to the ſadlerſ & to them that coner bookeſ, for which cauſe it iſ much bcttc; then eyther ſheepeor Goateſ Skinneſ, for it hath a deeper graine, and doeth not ſo eaſily fall off. Out of the paringſ of their Skinneſ they niake a kind of glew, which iſ preſerred before Taxrocollum, and which for ſimilitude they eall Choerecel/em.The fat of ſwine iſ ve— ryprecionſto lickor ſhooeſ and booteſ therewithall. "The amber that iſ in commonyſe 40 groweth rough, rude, impoliſhed, and without cleareneſſe, but after that it iſ ſod in the fcbaccoſ aſow that giuveth ſacke, it getteth that nitour and ſhining beauty ,which we find tobe ID1E. Somemixe the blood of Hoggeſ with thoſemedicineſ that they caſt into Waterſ to take fiſheſ, and the hunterſ in ſome Countrieſ when they would take Wolueſ and Foxeſ do make a traine with a Hoggeſ liner ſodde, cut in pieceſ and annointed oner with hony , and ſo aninointing their ſhooſ with ſwineſ greaſe,drawafter them a dead catte, which will cauſe the beaſtſ to follow after very ſpeedily. The haireſof ſwine, are vſed by Cobblerſ and Shoomakerſ, and alſo with them euery Boy knoweth how to make their noſebleede. The dung iſ very ſharpe, and yet iſ it inſtly condemned by Colwa//a for no vſe,no not to fatten the earth, and Vaneſ alſo are burned therewithal, except they bediligently watred, orreſtfiue yeareſ without ſtiring. In Plaxieſ time they ſtudied to enlarge and make their Luttuce grow broad, and not eloſe together, which they did by ſlitting a little the ſtalke, and thruſting gently into it ſome Hogſ dung. But for treeſ there iſ more eſpecial vſe ofit, for it iſ vſed to ripen fruit and makethetreeſ more plentifull. The Poimnegranatſ and Almondeſ are ſweetned here by, and the Nutſ eaſily cauſed to fallout of the ſhell: Likewiſe, if Fennel be vnlauourie, by laying to the root thereof eyther Hogſ—dung, or Pigeonſ dung, it may be cured ; and whenany Apple tree iſ affe&ed and razed with wormeſ,by taking of Swineſ dung,mixed and made ſoft like morter with the vrine of a man layed vnto the root, it iſ recouered, and 30 the wormeſ driven away : and it therebee any renteſ or ſtripeſ viſible vppon treeſ, ſo aſ they are endangered to beloſtthereby ,they are cured by applying vnto the ſtripeſ and woundſ thiſ dung of Swine. When the Apple treeſ arelooſe, poure vpon their rootſ the ſtale ef Swine, and it ſhall eſtabliſh and ſettle them, and whereſocuer there are ſwine kept, there it iſ not goodta keepe or lodge horſeſ, for their ſmell, breath, and voice, iſ hateful to all magnanimiouſ and perfeet ſpirited horſſeſ. And thuſ ronch in thiſ place concerningthe vſe of the ſeuc— rallpartſ of ſwine, whereunto I may adde ourEngliſhexperimentſ, that if ſwine beſuffe— red to come into Orchardſ,anddigge vp and about the roetſ of the Apple treeſ keeping the ground bare vnder them ,and open with their noſeſ, the benifit that willariſe thereby 4 to your increaſe of frute will be verie ineſtimable. Andheere toſaue my ſelfe of a labor a— 7, 14,;, bout our Engliſh Hoggeſ, I will deſcribe their vſage out of Maiſter Twſ/&ſ huſbandry, inhiſ own wordſ, aſ followeth : and firſt of al for their breeding in the ſpring of the yeare he writeth in generall : . » Let Lent well kept offendnot thee, For March and Aprillbreederſ be. AndofSeptember he writech thuſ : To gather ſome maſtit ſhallſtandthee vpen, With ſernant and children yer maſt be all gone— Some left among buſheſ ſhallpleaſure thy Swine, TFor feare of a miſchiefekeepe Acorneſfrokine. For rooting of paſture ring hog ye hane neede, Which being well ringled, the better dothfeed. Though young with their elderſ will lightly keepe kef, Yet ſpare not to ringle both great and the reſt. 7 heophraſt, | \ [ | J 59 Yoake Plixy. Actianſ, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. Yoke ſildome thy ſwine, while ſbacke time doth laſt, For dinerſ miſfortuneſ that happen toofaſt . Or if you do fancy, whole eare of the Hogge, Gine eare to ill neighbor , and eare to hiſ Dogge. Keepe hog I aduiſe thee from meddow and Corne, For ont alowd erying , that ere hewaſ borne. Such lawleſſe ſo hannting both often and long, If Dog ſet himchaunting , he doth thee no wrong. And againe in OGtoberſ huſbandry he writeth : Thoughplenty of Acorneſ, the Porkelingſ tofat, No#t taken in ſeaſon may periſh by that. If ratling or ſwelling get once in the throat, Thon looſeſt thy porkling a Crowne to a groat . What ener thing fat iſ , againe if it full, Thou ventereſt the thing and the farneſſe withall. Thefatter, the better, to ſellor to kill, But not to continue, makeproofe ifyou wil. In Novero.hewriteth again Let hog oncefat, looſe none of that;, When maſt iſ gone, Hogge falleth anon, Stillfat vp ſome, till Shrowe—tide come, Now porke and (owee beareſ tacke in a houſe. Thuſ farre of our Engliſh huſbandry aboutſwine : Now followeth their diſcaſeſ in parti— cular. i Of the difcaſeſ of ſwine. Emlocke iſ the bane of Pantherſ, Swine, wolueſ, and all other beaſtſ thatlinvevp» on devouting of fleſh,for the hunterſ mix it with fleſh, aad ſo ſpreading or caſting the fleſh, ſo poyſoned abroad in bitſ or morſelſ to be deuoured by them. The roor of the white Chamazlion mixed with fryed Barly—floure. Water and oyle iſ alſo poiſonto ſwine. The blackeEllebor worketh the ſame effect vppon horſeſ, Oxen," and ſwine» and therefore when the beaſtſ do eat the white, they forbearethe blacke with all weariſome— neſfſe. Likewiſe Hen—bane worketh many ſtrange and painfullconuulſionſ in their bellieſ; therefore when they perceiue that they hane eaten thereof, they run to the waterſ & ga— ther ſmaileſ orſea—crabſ, by vertue whereofthey eſcape death, and are againe reſtored to their health. The hearb Gooſe foor iſ venemouſ to ſwine, and alſo to Beeſ,and therefore they willneuer light vpon it, or touch it: The blacke night—ſhade iſ preſent'deſtruction vatothem, and they abſtaine from Hartſ tongue, and the great bur , by ſome certaine in— ftind of nature, if they be bitten by'any Serpentſ, Sea—crabſ, or Snaileſ, & the moſt pre— fent renvedy that nature hath taught them.The ſwine of Seyzhia by the relation of Pliny & to 29 39 Ariſtotle, ace nothurtwith any poiſonexcept Scorpionſ, and thereforeſo ſoone aſ.ener 49 they are ſtung by a ſcorpien.they dic if they drink:and thuſ much for the poiſon of ſwine. Againſt the cold (of which theſe beaſteſ are moſt impatient:) the beſt remedy iſ to make them warm ſtieſ, for ifit be once taken, it will cleaue faſter to them , then any good thing, and the nature of thiſ beaſtiſ, neuer to eate if oncehe feele himſelfe ſicke, and therefore the diligent maiſter or keeper of ſwine, muſtvigilanily regard the beginningſ of their di— ſeaſeſ, w hich cannot be more cuidently demonſtrated, then by forbcaring of their meat. Of the Meaſilſ. The Meaſilleſ are called in Gtecke Cha/az4, inLatine Gravdineſ, for that they are like haile—ſtoneſ ſpred in the fleſh , and eſpecialy in the leaner part of the hog ,and thiſ diſeaſe aſ Ariſtotle writeth, iſ proper to thiſ beaſt,for no other in the world iſ troubled herwith : for thiſ cauſe the Grzecianſ call a Meaſily hog Chalwyroſ, and it maketh theyr fleſh verye looſe and ſoft. The Germaineſ call thiſ diſeaſe FZ#prep, and PP@mpen,;the Italianſ Grem@E } the Erench Sw/@me, becauſe the ſpotſ appear e at the root of the tonguee like white ſeedſ, and therefore it iſ vſuall inthe buying of hoggeſ in all Narionſ to pull out their tongue an 59 Of the Swine. and looke for the Meaſilſ,for if there appeare but one vpon hiſ tongue, it iſ certaine that all the whole body iſ infected.And yet the Butcherſ do all affirmc,ihatthc cleaneſt hoctg ofal, hath three of theſe, but they never hurt the ſwine or hiſ fieſh, and the ſwine may be full of them, and yet none appeare vpon hiſ tongue, but then hiſ voice willbe altered and pot beaſ it waſ wont. Theſe abound moſſt of all inſuch Hogſ aſ haue fleſhy legſand ſhoulderſ vety moyſt, andchey bU not ouer plentifull, theymake the fleſh theſweeter, but if they abound;it ta= ſtethlikeſtocke:—fith or meat ouer watered.IEthere be no appearance of theſe vpon their tongue, then the chap—man or buyer pulleth of a briftle from the backe, and iſkſi)ifſi)od fol— 0 low, itiſ ccrEſſſſ\in? rh_j.xſi :k}c Beaſt iſ infeGed, and alſo ſuch cannor well ſtand vppontheyr hinderlegſ. Their taile iſ very tound.For remedy hereof diverſ daieſ before theirkilling they putinto their waſh or ſwillſomeaſheſ, eſpecially of Haſelltreeſ. ButinFrance .mj Germany it iſ not lawfull to ſel ſuch a H ogge, and—therefore the poore—peopledoonely ear them. Howbeit they cannot but engender cuill humourſ and naughty blood in the body. + + The rooteſ of the bramble called Remaze, beaten to powder and caſt into the holeſ, where ſwinevſe to bath themſelueſ, dokeepethem cleare from many of theſe diſeaſeſ, and for thiſ canſe alſoin ancient time they gauethem Horſe—fleſh ſodden, and Toadſ ſodden in water, to drinke the broach of them. The Burre pulled out of the earth without yron,iſ good alſo for them, if it be ſtamped and put into milk, and fo giventhem in their waſh. They give their Hoggeſ heere in Englande red—lead, red—Oker, and in ſome placeſ red—loame or earth.And Pliry ſaith, that he or ſhe which gathereth the aforeſaid Burre, muſt ſay thiſ charme : Hec eft herba argemon Quam minernareperit Sutbaſ hiſ remedium Qui de illa quſtanerint. At thiſ daie there iſ great—praiſe of Maiden—hairefor the recouery of ſwine ,alſo holy Thi— ſtle, and theroot of Gewhanp and Hartſ tongue. 0 o » 3 Ofleanneſſe or pyring,. SOmcrimc the whole heard of ſwine falleth into leanneſ, and ſo forſake their meat, yea although they be brought forth into the fielde to feede ,yet aſ if they were drunke or weary they lie downe and {leepeall the day long.For cure whereof, they muſt be cloſely ſhuttevp into a warmeplace, and madeto faſtone wholeday from meat and water, and then give them the roorſ of wilde Cucumber beaten to powder, and mixed with Water, let them drinke it, and afterward gine them beaneſpulſe, or any drie meat to eat,and laſt. liewarme water to procure vomit, aſ in men, whereby their ſfomackeſare emptyed of al thingeſ both good and bad, and thiſ remedy iſ preſcribed againſt allincertaine diſeaſeſ, 4 the cauſe whereof cannot be diſcerned, and ſome in ſuch caſeſ doecut off the topſ of the taileſ, or their eareſ, for there iſ no other vſe of letting theſe beaſteſ bloode in theyr vaineſ, Of the Peſlilence. Heſe beaſtſ arealſoſubicd to the Peſtilence by reaſon of earth—quakeſ & ſudden in— fectionſ in theaire, and in ſuch affe&ion the beaſt hath ſometime certaine buncheſ or ſwellingſ about the necke;then let them be ſeperated, and give them to drinke in water the rootſ of Daffadill ; Ouatit agroſ tuſſiſ anbela ſueſ, . " — & » Ac faucibuſ angit obeſiſ temporepeſtiſ. : 30 Some givethem nigbt ſhade of the wood, which hath great ſtalkeſ like cheſiry rwuſ%gsgn: eaueſ to be caten by them againſtall their hot diſeaſeſ,and alſo burned ſmaileſ or Pepper— woort of the Garden , or LaeZuca foerida ut in pee eſ,ſoddenin water, and put into their meate — E. of LA OQ \W \ ) ) 684 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Of the Agure. N auncient time (Z4/»» Gaithy thatwhen a man boughta Hogge, he cotuenaunted with theſeller, that it waſ free from ſickneſ,from dſimgerſi thathe might buy it ſſaffiufiy,thac ithadno maungcor Ague. 7 The ſigneſ of an Ague in thiſ beaſt aretheſe. 1% F Henthey flop ſuddenly, ſtanding fiil, and turning their headſ about ,f al downe \/V aſ it were by a Megrim,then you muſt diligently marke their headſ which wiy they turne them ; that you may let them bloode on the contrary eare; andlike— wiſe vnder their raile, ſome two fingerſ from their buttockeſ, where you ſhall finde a '* large veine fitted forthat purpoſe, which firſt of all we muſt beatwith a rodde or peeceof wood, that by the often ſtriking itmay be madeto ſwell, and afterwardeſ open the Giide veine with a knife : the blood being taken away, their taile muſt be bound vp with Offer or me twiggeſ, and then theſwine mu ſtbe kept in the houſe a day or two, being fed with Barly meale, andreceining warme water to drinke aſmuch aſ they will. * Of the Crampe. Henſwine tall from a great heat into a ſudden colde, which hapneth when in V / their trauel they ſuddenly lie downe through wearineſſe, they fall to haue the Crampe, by a painefull convulſion of their memberſ, and the beft remedye thereof, iſ for to drive them vp and downe, tillthey wax warme againe, and aſ hor aſ they ** werebefore, and then'let them beekept warme ftil, and coole atgreat leiſure, aſ a horſſe dothby walking, otherwiſe they perith vnrecouerably,like Calueſ which never line after they once haue the crampe. Of Lice. "Hey are many timeſ ſo infeſted and annoied with lice, that their ſkinne iſ catenand gnawne through thereby ; for remedy whereof, ſomeannoint them witha confe— 7 Gionmade ofCream, Butter, and a great deale of ſalt : Otherſ again,annointthem after they haue waſhed them allouer withthe Leeze of wine, and in England commonly the country people vſeſtanef—aker, red—Oaker,and greaſe. Of the Lefragey. 30 Y reaſon thatthey are given much to ſleepe in the ſummer time,they fall into Lethar— 52 gieſ, and dieof the ſame : theremedy whereof iſ, to keepethem from ſleepe, and to Wake them whenſocuer you finde them aſleepe. Of the bind—acheſ. TH iſ diſeaſe iſ cald by the Greecianſ (Storomia) and Kraura, and by Alberzuſ, Frareti, herewith all ſwine are many timeſ infeced, and their eareſ fall downe, their cieſ are alſo deiected , by reaſon of many cold humorſ gathered together in their head, whereof they die in multitudeſ, aſ they do ofthe peſtilence, and thiſ ſickeneſſe iſ faral vnto them, if they be not holpen within three or foure daieſ. The remedie whereofliftheir be anieat al) iſ to hold Wine to their Noſtrilſ,firſt making them to ſinel thereof, and then rubbing ,, it hard with it, and ſome gine them alſo the rootſ of white Thiſtle, cut ſimal and beaten into theirmeat, but if it fall out that in thiſ paine they looſe one of their eieſ, it iſ a ſigne that the beaſt wil die by and by after (aſ Plinyand Ariſforle write .) Ofthegargariſine. — "Thiſ diſeaſe iſ called by the Latinſ Raweelſ, and by the Greecianſ B/anceſ, which iſ a ſwel— ling about their chapſ, ioyned with Feauer and Fead—ach, ſpredding it ſelfe all oncr the throat, like aſ the ſquinancy doth in a man , and many timeſ it begetteth that alſoin the ſwine, which may be knowne by the often moouing of their feet, and then they dy with in three daieſ, for the beaſtcannot eat being ſo affected, and the diſeaſe creepeth by lit— tle and little to the liner , which when it hath touched it, the beaſt diethy becauſe it putri— fieth aſ it paſſech.For remedy hereof, givie vnto the beaſtthoſe thin gſ which a man recei— veth againſtrhe ſquinancy ,and alſo let him blood in the root of hiſ tongue,(I mean in the veinevnder the tongue) bathing hiſ throate witha great deale of hot Water mixed with Brimſtone and ſalt. Thiſ diſeaſe in hoggeſ, iſ not knowne from that which iſ called Srr#4, or the Kingeſ euill of the Siywine. enillarthc firRappearance, aſ 4#//Pp#/2 and Pliny write: the beginning ofthiſ diſcaſe iſ in the Almondſ, or kernelſ of the throare, and it iſ cauſed throughthe corrmption of water which they drinke, for the cute wherof they letthem bloud, aſ in the formgr diſcaſ-- aſi:d they give them the yarrow with the broadeſt leaneſ.There iſ a hearbe called Hcrlnz'; ia allhoary , and outwardlyit lookethlike Roſemary;ſome ſay it tſ ſo calied becauſe 1;0 b{:)ſſ-ſ; will touch it, thiſ being bc_zatcn in peeceſ betwixt two tileſ or ſtoneſ, eroweth maruci]oſius hot,the inyce rhcrcofſſbcmg mixed in milke and —Wine, and ſo Einenivato the Swyneto drink,cureth them of thiſ diſeaſe, and if they drinke it before th ſſſiy beaffeGedtherewith they netier falinto it, and the like iſ attributed to the heard Trzzty, and Violſ Milyriſ like— wiſetheblew flowerſ of Violetſ are commended for thiſ purpoſe by Digſ/corideſ. Se 10 Of the keraelſ. THcſc arelittlebiiacheſ riſing in the throate; which are to bec cured byletting bloud in the ſhoulder , and vnto thiſ diſeaſe belongeth that which the Germanſ cal Rengen andthe Italianſ S#der, which iſ not contagious,gat very dangerouſ,for within two oſi;jc; the beaſtdoth dye thereof, ifitbee not preuented: thiſ cuill Zrowc!h in che lower part or chap of the ſwineſ mouth, where it doth not ſwel,but waxing white,bardeneth like a peece ofhorne, through paine whereofthe beaſtcannot eate, foſſ:it iſ to the ſpace' betwixtthe ſore and hinder teeth, the remedy iſ to open the Swineſmouth at wide aſ one can, b throſting into it a rotind bat, then thruſt a ſharp'needie through the ameſore; and liſiing ſ itvp from the gum ,they eut it of with a ſharp knifejand thiſ remedy helpethmanyifit be taken in time, ſome gitie vato themtberoorſof a kindof Gention to drinke} aſ aſpeciall medicine, which the Germanſ for that @uuſe cal Zſſ%angm cruteybut the moſtfureway iſ the cutting itoff, and like vnto thiſ there iſ ſuch another growing in'the vpper chappeofthe mouth, and to be curedby the ſame remedy; the canſe of both doth ariſe from eating of their meare onerhot, and therefore the good Swincheard muſtlabour to auoid that miſ.. chiefe, the miſchicfe of thiſ iſ deſcribed by Virgill — Hine canibuſ blanidiſ rabieſ venityG& dquatit agroſ, THuſſiſ anhela/ſueſ, aſ fanciluſ angit abeſiſ. 30 Of the paine in their lungeſ. Orall maner of pain in their lungſ, which come by the moſt part from want of drink, areto haue Iung—wort ſtamped, and ginen them to drinke in water, or elſeto kane it tyed vnder their tongueſ two or three daieſ together, or that which iſ more probable, becauſeit iſ dangerouſ to take it inwardly, to make'a hole in the eare, and to chruſt itinto the ſame, tyin g itfalt for falling out,and the ſame vertue hath the roote of the whiteHelſ libor, but the diſcaſeſ of the Iungeſ arenot very dangerouſ, and therefore the Burcherſ ſrith, that you ſhall ſildome find a Swyne with ſound lungſ or Linerſ: ſometimeit falleth out that inthe lighteſ of thiſ beaſt there wil be apparant certain white ſpotſ aſ big aſ halfe 4? a Wallout, but without danger tothe beaſt, fometimeſ thelighteſ—cleaue to theribſ and and ſideſ of the beaſt, for remedywhereofyou'muſt ginethem tbe ſamemedicineſ, that, yougine vnto Oxen in the ſame difeaſe. Sometimeſ there appeare certaineblatherſ in the liner of water, whichare called water—galſ, ſometimeſ thiſ iſ troubled with vomiting, and then it iſ good to givue them in the morning, firyed peaſe mingled with duſt of Iuory, and bruſed ſaltfaſting, before they go to their paſtureſ. Of the diſcaſeſ in the Spleene. BY reaſon that thiſiſ a devouring beaſt, and through want of Wiater, it iſ many timeſ he ſicke of the Spleene, for the curewhereofyou muſt give them Prewneſ of Tameriſtke prefſed into water ,to be drunke by: them when they are athirſt,chiſ diſeafecommeth ſgr the moſt part in the ſummer, when' they eat of ſweet and greene fruiteſ, according to thiſ verſe; Strata iacent paſſimn,[enia quan, [ubarbore porea. The vertue of theſe Prewneſ of Tameriſke iſ alſo very profitable agaynſt the diſeaſeſ of the Mclte , and therefore itiſ to be. ginen to men aſ wellaſ to Beaſteſ, Q4 3 for \ | | | J 6836 Actuiſ Mearcelluſ Achaunſ Galen T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſlſ. for ifthey do but drinke out of potſ and cupſ made out of the wood of thetrecTameriſte, they areeaſily cleared from all diſeaſeſ of the Spleene: and therefore in ſopze Countrieſ ofthiſ greactree they make hog—trougheſ and mangerſ, for the ſafegard of their beaſteſ, and where they grow notgreat, they make potſ and cuipſ: And if a Hog do.eat of thiſ Ta— meriſke but nine daieſ togemher,, at hiſ death hee ſhall be found to bee without a Spleene, (Caſ Mareeliuſ writeth.) When they: become looſe in their bellieſ, which happeneth to them in the ſpring time by eating of greene Heatbeſ, they cither fallto bee leane,or elſe to dye, when they cannot eaſily make watet, by reaſon offorac ſtoppage, or ſharpneſſe of Vtinthey may becaſed by giving vato them ſpurge—{eed, And thuſ much for the dif— eaſeſ of Swine. For concluſſon whereof Liwilladde—heereunto.the leagth of aiSwyneſ life, according to Ari/forle and Pliny, if it benot cut off by ſickneſſe or violent death; for in their daieſ they obſerued that Swyne didliue. ordinarily to fifteene yeareſ, and ſome ofthemtorwenty': Andthuſ muchforthenatvre ofSwyng ingenerall. + T he medicineſ of the Hooge. i=t Thebeſtremedy for the bitingſ of venomouſ Serpentſ iſ certainly. beleeued to be thiſ, to take ſome lutle creatureſ, aſ pigſ, Cockſ, Kydſ, or Lambeſ ,and teare them in pieceſ; applyitigthem whileſ they are hot to the woundaſ ſoone aſ it iſ made , for they willnot only expellaway the poyſon, but alſo make the wound both wholeand found. Forthe cu; ring of Horſſeſ which arctroubled with theinflammiation of thelungſ. Takea ſucking pig and killhim nedre voto the ſicke horſe, that you may inſtantly poure the blood therecof in— tohbiſ iaweſ,jandit wil provea very quick and ſpeedy remedy. The panch of a ſucking pig being taken out and mingled with the yolke which ſticketh ro the inner partſ of the Skin, and moyſtned bothtogether, doth very much caſe the paine of the teeth being.poured into thateare, on whichſidethegriefe ſhalllye. ; rorlſ Sloirſ The liquor of ſwineſ fleſh being boiled, doth very,much help againſt the Bapreſ#iſ . The ſame iſ alſo a very good antidote againſt poyſon, and very rauch helpeth thoſe whichare troubled with the gout. Cheeſe made of Coweſ milke being very old, ſo that it canſcarce be caten for tartneſſe, being intheliguor or decoGionof Swineſ fleſh which iſ oldand ſalt, and afterwardeſ throughly tempered, doth very much mollifie the ſtifneſſe of the ioyntſ, being wellapplyed thereunto. } 'The Indianſ v ſe to waſh the woundſ of the Elephanteſ which they have taken firſtwith hot waterſ afterwardſifthey ſee them to be ſomewhatdeepe, they annointed them with butter »then do they aſſwage the inflammation thereof, by rubbing of Swyneſfieſh vpon them, being whot and moy ſt with thefreſh blood iſſuing from the ſame. For the healing ofthe woundſ of Elephantſ, butter iſ chiefely commended; for it doth eaſily expell the iron lyrage hid therein, but for the curing of the vicerſ, there iſ nothing comparable to we 9 29 thefleſh of ſwine. The blood of ſwine iſ moyſt, and not very hot, being in temper moſt 49 like vrito manſ blood , therefore whoſocuer ſaith that the blood of men iſ profitablefor any diſeaſe, he may firſtapproue the ſame in ſwineſ blood : butifit ſhew notthe ſame,it may in a manner ſhew the like acion: ; 5 Foralthoughit be ſomewhat inferior vnto manſblood, yetatthe leaſt it iſ like vnto itſ by knowledge whereof, wee hope wee ſhall bring by thevſe thereof, morefulland ample profit vnto men. For although it do not fully anſwerto.our expeGation.notwithſtanding there iſ noſuch great neede that we ſhould proue menſ blood . For the encouraging of afecble or diminiſhed Horſſe, Exmelnſ reporteth, the fleſh of ſwine being hot, mingled in wine, and given indrinke, to be exceeding good and profitable. There alſo ariſeth by _ Swyneanother excellent medicine againſt diverſ perillouſ diſeaſeſ, which iſ thiſſ to kill a young gelded Boare—pig, hauing red haireſ, and being of a very: good ſtrength ,recet ® uing the freſh blood in a pot, and to ſtirit vppe and' downe a great while together with a ſticke made of red Iuniper, caſting out the clotſ of the blood, being gathered whileit iſ ſhirring. geb > Then to caſt in the ſcrapingſ of the ſame Iuniper, and ftir the berrieſ of the Iuniper ?ixſi the Of the Swine. 687 theſametothequantity of ſeuen and twenty, but in the ſtirring of the ſame, let the cloteſ be ſtil ,Ca% out» Afterwardſ mingle with the ſame theſe [1earbsſit)'ollowx'zſſ.g,AQſſx imony,Rue Phusbc'amo uſ, Betony, Pxmpc.md}, Succory, Parſly, of each a handfull. But if\hcctmca-ſi ſſi%rc of the bloud cxc;cd\l]rcc px\nzcs, put vaoto it two ounceſ of Treacle : but ifitſhall be b}!g%?ſifa for the quantity ofthe bloud youſnalldiminiſh the meaſure of the Treacle(. But llthingſ Ol[ghf tO bctc ſo P'YTPAYCd that they may be put to the blound comming hot from theBore.) T x\Ffi: being mixed altogether, you muſtdraw forth a droppingliqzor, which youmuſt dry in cþc ſun, being dil%gen—tly_kcgt in aglaſſe—veſſell for eight daieſ together, \rvbxch you muſt do once every yeare for it will laſt twenty yeareſ. Thiſ medicine iſ mani— 10 feſtly known tobe a great preſeruativeagainſtheſe diſeaſeſ following,namely the plague, impoſhu_nes inthe head, ſideſ, or ribſ, aſ alſo all diſeaſeſ whatfoener in the Iung%th& in— flammation ofthe melt, corruptoor purrified bloud, the ague, ſwellingſ in the body, ſha— king of the heart, the dropſic, heate in the body aboue nature, cuill humorſ,but the zprin- cipalleſtand chiefeſtvertue thereof iſ in curing all poiſonſ, and ſuch aſ are troubled with a noyſomeor peſtilent feauer. Lethim therefore who iſ troubled with any of the aforeſaid diſeaſeſ, drinke every mor— ning a ſpoonefull, or foure or fiye dropſ ofthe ſame liquor, and ſweate vppon theſame, and it will in very ſhort time perfeGly cure him of hiſ paine . Some alſo do vſe Almondſ pounded or beaten in the bloud againſt the plague, the liquor being extracted forth by 20 the forceoffire. A young pig being killed with a knife,bauing hiſ blond put ypon that part of the body of any one which iſ troubled with wartſ, being aſ yet hot come frombim,will preſently dry them, and being after waſhed , wil quite expelthera away. The blood of a Sow which hath once pigged being annoynted vpon Women, cureth many diſcaſeſ iſ M@rceleſ them. The braineſ of a Boare or Sow being annointed vppontheſoreſ or Carbuncleſ of the priny memberſ , doth very effectually cure them, theſame effeSalſo hath the blood ofa hog. Thedugſ of of a woman ancinted round about with the bloud of a ſow, will decreale leffe and leſſe. A young pig being cut in pieceſ, and the bloud thereof anointed vppona Womanſ dugſ, will make them that they ſhallnot encreaſe . Concerning the greaſe of 30 ſwineyit iſ tearmed diverſly ofctaH the Authorſ,for the Greecianſ call it Stear Coirien, and Oxungian, for the imitation of the Latine word Axmmgia : but Marce/l/ſ alſo applyeth Ax— wngia'to the fat of other creatureſ, which amon g the aunciernt Authorſ I do not find : for in our time thoſe which in Latine, do call that fat Ax@zg#4, which encrezſeth moreſolide betweene the ſkinne and the fleſh, in a hog, a man, a Brocke or Badger,a Dor—mouſe, a Mountain—mouſe,and ſuch like. The fat of ſwine they commonly cal Lard which groweth betwixt the ſkin and the fleſh, in expreſſing the vertueſ of thiſ , we will firſtof al ſhew how— ſ itiſ to be applied to cewerſ outwardly ,and then how it iſ to be receined inwardly,next va— to butter,,it hath the chiefeſt commendationſ among the ancientſ, and thereforetbey in— uented to keepeit long, which they did by caſting ſome ſaltamong it, neither iſthe reaſon oftheforce ofit obſcureor vncertaine, for aſ it feedeth vpon many wholeſome hearbeſ which are medicinable, ſo doth it yeald from them many vertuouſ opperationſ,and be— fideſ the phyſick of it, it waſ a cuſtomefornew married wineſ when they firſt of allente— redinto their huſbandſ houſe, to 2noint the poſteſ thereof with ſwineſ greace in token Eftheir fruitſulneſſe while they werealine, and remainder of thcir good workeſ when they" ould be dead. The Apothecarieſ for preparation of certaine ointmentſ,do geld amale ſucking pig, eſpecially ſuch a one aſ iſ red, and take from hiſ raineſ or belly certain fat, whith the Ger— manſ call Sehm.e7 , and theFrench O/»g, that iſ, /rgwentum, the huſbandmen vſe Swyneſ greaſe to annoint the axe treeſ of their cartſ and carriageſ, and for want thereof they take . putryfiedButter, and in ſome countrieſ the gom that runneth out of pine treeſ» and Fer treeſ, with the ſcum of Butter mingled together, and thiſ compoſitiontaketh away ſeabſ andtetterſ in men, but it iſ to be remembred that thiſ greace muſtbee freſh, and not ſal— ted, for of ſalt greaſe there iſ no vſe, but to ſkovver thoſe thingeſ thatare not exulcera— ted. The auncienteſ deemed that thiſ iſ the beſt Greace vyhich vvaſ taken from the Q\qq 2 raineſ a &r S \ ) 'Z, ad o _ tt 688 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. raineſ of the Hog wathed in raine water, the vaineſ being pulled out of it, and afterwardſ boyledina new earthen pot, and ſo preſerued . The fat of Swine iſ not ſo hot and dry—aſ the fat of other beaſteſ, the cheefe vſe of it iſ to moyſten,to faſten, to purge , and to ſcat— ter, and heerein it iſ moſt excellent when it hath beene waſhed in Wine, for the ſtale ſalt Greaſe ſo mixed with wine, iſ profitable to annoint thoſe that haue the pleuriſic, and mingled with aſheſ and Pitch, eaſeth inflammationſ,fiſtulareſ and tumourſ ,and the ſame vertue iſ aſcribed to the fat of Foxeſ, except that their fat iſ hotter then the Swyneſ, and leſte moy ſt: likewiſe aſheſ of Vineſ mingled with ſtalegreaſe of Hogſ, cureth the woundſ of Scorpionſand Dogſ,and with the ſpume of Nitre, it hath the ſame vertue againſt the biting of Doggeſ . Itiſ vſedalſo againſt the French diſeaſe, (calledtheFrenchPoxe,) ! for they ſay it the kneeſe of a man bee annointed therewith,' and he ſtand gaping ouner it, it will draw a filthy matter out of hiſ ſtomacke, and make him vomit. By Serennſ it iſ preſcribed, to be annointed vpon the kneeſe, againſtthe ſtifneſſe ofthe Necke . Mingled with Quickſiluer and Brimſtone, it iſ ſufferant againſt theitch and ſcabſ. Thiſ Lard being ſod with the fat, and applyed to thebody, dothmightily expell corrup— tionſ that cleaue to the Skin. The fat of Swyne with Butterand Oyle of Roſeſ, iſ inſtilled into the broken ſkinneſ of the braine for the cure of them. Likewiſe Bugloſſe plucked vp by the reote, and the reoteſ cut off,and curioſly waſh— ed, beaten and pounded into a ball, and mixed with Swyneſ greace , iſ good to be layed to any incurable wound . It iſ alſo profitable for the wounded Nerueſ of the body, bea— ten together with Wormeſ of the earth, according to theſe verſeſ of Serenwſſ : ao Terr e lumbriceſinretritoſ, Quciſ vetuſ G> raniſ ; [ociari exungia deber. When boneſ are breken, if they be annointed with the ſod greace of Swine,and ſo bound vp faſttogether, afterthey be wellſet and cloſed, grow wonderfull faſt, fure, andſolide againe. Sereg#ſ writech thuſ of it 5 0 Si cuiforte lapiſ teneroſ violanerit art®ſ, 30 Nedte adipeſ vetuloſ,& tritam chamaciſſon. By thiſ fat, (he meaneth the fat of Swyne) becauſe preſently after he maketh mention of the dung of Swyneto be good for theſame cure. Being mingled with pitch,it ſcattereth allbuncheſandfellonſ , The hardneſſe of the breaſtſ, ruptureſ,, conuulſionſ,& Crampſ, and with whit Helſibor, it cloſeth vp cliftſ and chinkſ ,in the fleſh,& maketh the hard Skin to be ſoft againe. It iſ very profitable againſt inflamationſ of vicerſ, eſpecially the fat of the boare pig, mixed with liquid gum. Womendoalſo vſe the fat of a Sow that neuer bore pig to cleare their Skinne, and to mixe it with pitch, and one third part of Aſſe—greaſe againſt the ſcabſ . The ſame mixed with white Lead, and the ſpume of ſiluer maketh the ſeareſ of the body to be of the ſame colourwith the reſidue; and withSulpbur, it taketh away the ſpotſ intheNaileſ, mingled #3 with the powder of Acorneſ : if the greace bee ſalt, it ſoftneth the hardneſſe of the fleſh. Ruemixed with Swineſ ſewet or Bulſ—greace, takerh away ſpotteſand freckleſ out of the face, and it iſ alſo profitable againſt the Kingſ euell, being mixed with the powder of a ſea Oyſter—ſhell, and being annointed in a bath, it taketh away the itch and bliſterſ . Feather— few and ſtale ſwineſ—greace, iſ alſo preſcribed againſt the Kingſ euill . Thiſ ſame alone or withſnow, eaſeth the paine.of burningſ in the fleſh, and w hen there iſ an vicer, by reaſon ?f the burning, mixeit with toſted barly and the white of an Egge.according to theſe ver— S3 Combaſtiſignt, Hordea vel frigeſ atþ, ouicandida mngeſ, Ad ſit adepſ porce mira eſt nam forma nedele, Junge chelidowiaſ ac (ic line vnlnera ſuceiſ, Quodd,recenſ wffzt Clacieſ axungia ſimplex, Anlcet & ex ficili grata eft medicamina tura. SC Freſh of the Swine. — 68 Freſh greaſe iſ very profitable for thoſe memberſ that are ſur andlikewiſe to ancint them thatare weary with longiournie burned in a ſhell, and mingled withthe fat of Swine, nieſfire, and to ſtanchbloud, and to cure ring—w and thelightſ with the fat, filleth vp the kibeſ, burned, and mingled with Swineſ greaſe being applyed to the ſideſ, doe cure the daily paineſ thcycof < And thuſ far of the vſe of thiſ greaſe for the bodieſof men. Now alſo it followerh in aword to touch the vſe theceof for the bodieſ of beaſtſ. When the horneſ of Oxenor Km:*' arcvbrokcn, thc;{ tal_cc a lxtt!e Lmt, Sai\? Vineger, and Oyle, and laythem vpoctſſr_hcþroſicn horne, pouring in the liquid, and binding the reſt cloſe on the outlide, to and thiſ they renew three daieſ together . The fourth day they take the like quantity of ſwineſ greate, and liquid pirch, and with a ſmoothrind or barke of pine they binde'it tco cleſe, and o it iſ faſtened againe. Whenthe hoofe or ancleſ of an Oxe are hurt with the plough ſhare, then takehard pitch,ſwineſgreaſe, and Sulphur, roul them vp altogether in vnwaſhed wool!, and with a hor burning Iron melt them vpon the wound or horne. The eareſ of Doggeſ in the ſummer time are exulcerated byflyeſ, into the whichſoreſ itiſ good to inſtillliquid pitchſod with ſwineſ greace, and thiſ medicine®lſo iſ poodto deliver beaſteſ from the tickeſ , for they fall off aſ many aſ touchit. WhenLambeſ or Kydſ aretronbled with the Sheepe pox; ſome vſe toanncint them with Swineſ greaſe and the ruſt of Iron, that iſ two parteſ of Swyneſ greace, and one part oftuſt, and ſo warme , themtogerher. Alſo for the ſcabſ vppon Horſſeſ heeleſ, that are called theſcratcheſ, ** which come for the moſt part inthe Winter time, they cure them on thiſ manner. They rake the fat of Swyne, and mer it on the fire, and poure it into cold Wiater, which after— wardeſ they take it our and beate it well together, atlaſt they mingle it with Brimſtone beaten ſmall, and ſo annoint the place therewith three dayeſ together, and the third day theyopen the ſcabſ, and ſo continue annoynting tillitbe cured. When a Horſſe cannot hold hiſ Neck right , it iſ good to anoynt him withOyle,wine, Honny, and Hoggeſ—greace, the manner offome Leecheſ iſ, when they have made a ſuppuration by Oxen in burning, they firſt of all waſh it with ſtale Vrine, and afterwardeſ mingle an equall quantity of pitch and Hogſ greace together, wherewithall they annoint 30 andcuretheſore. | Sometine the blood of Oxen falleth downe into theit feete, whereinit congealeth and breaketh forth into ſcabbeſ, then muſt the place firſt of allbeſcraped with a knife,and theſcabſ cut away , afterwardeſ with cloatheſ wet in Vineger, Salt, and Oyle, moyſtened and preſſed hard, and laſt of allby an equall quantity of Hogſ—Greace, & Goatſ ſewet ſod both together,, it will be cured by laying it vnto it . And thuſ much for the remedieſ of Swineſ greace towardſ beaſteſ . The bhuſkeſ of Beaneſ being beaten ſmallto powder, and mixed with ſwineſ greace, iſ very profirable againſt the paine of the hippeſ, andthe Nerueſ. Some Phyſitianſ take the greace of Swine, the fat of Geeſe, the ſewet of Bulleſ, and 4 the Ocſjpuſ or ſweat of ſhcepe, and annoint therewithall gouty Leggeſ, but if the paine remoue not, then doe they adde vnto it Waxe, Mirtle, Gum, and Pitch, and ſome vſeit mixed with old Oyle, with the ſtone Sarcephagy7ſ, ſinck—foyle beaten in wine withlime or aſheſ. Thiſ ſwineſ greace beaten in water with cumin 5iſ preſcribed by Sireon Serhragainſt thegout. It remedieth the falling of the haire, and the painein the headſ of women, ming— ledwith one forth part of galſ,and the like vertue it hath with wilde Roſeſ, Lingu/ace apſſd Hippocampinuſ w ith Nitre and vine geſ. When the cornerſ of oneſ eieſ are troubled with wormeſ, by annoynting them with the fat of a Sow with pig,beating them rogether both within and without, you ſhall draw allthe Wormeſ out of hiſ eyeſ. . , When one hath paine in hiſ eareſ whereby matter yſſueth forth, let him bezſi\xe the old— eſtLard he can in a Morter, and rake the inyce thereof in fine wooll,th_en let hſſ.n put that woollinto hiſ eare, making it to workethrough warme water,and th_en infuſe a little mo'rc oftheinyce of that Lard, and ſo ſhallhe worke a great cure in ſhorttime . And gen_eſally the fatte of Geeſe, Henneſ, Swine, and Foxeſ, are prepared for all the payneſ in the Careſ. Qqq 3 | If boted or riuen of their Skin, ſ. Theaſheſ of womenſ haire are ſaid to eaſethe paine of S. Antho— ormeſ. The gallof a Swine, or of a Bore, and the {talkeſ of Cabigeſ with the rooteſ 690 The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. If thereariſe any bunch in the Necke or throate, ſeeth Lard and Wine together, and ſo by gargariſing that Lyquor, it ſhall bee diſperſed, according to the verſeſ of 5e. yenuſ : \ Inrigore ceruiciſ geminuſ mplechitur vnguine popleſ, Hinc longam paritur ncru/ medicina (equetur, Anditiſnomaruailethatthe vertue of thiſ ſhould go from the kneeſ to the Nerueſ,ſee— ing that Pliny affirmeth, that from theAnointing of thekneeſ the ſauour gocthinto the ſtomack,ther iſ {o great affinity or operation of Rue vponthe ſtoueſ, that in ancient time they were wont to cure burſtneſſe by annoynting the codſ with wilde Rue and Swyneſ Greace, Alſocthiſ Greace with ruſt of Iron, iſ good againſt all the imperfeGtionſ in the ſeate, Butter,Gooſe—greace, and Hoggeſ—greace,are indifferently vſed for'thiſ infirmity. Al— ſathiſ 1ſ vſed to keepe Womenfromabortementeſthatare ſubieC ihcrcumo,bcmg ap— plyed like an eye—ſalue .In the dileaſeſ ofthe imatzix, eſpecially Vicerſ, they firſt of all dip Spuugeſor Wooll in warme Water, and ſo clenſethe placeſ infeeted, and afterwardſ cureitwith Rozen and Swyneſ Greaſe, mingled together, and often vſing it in the day and night, by way of an oyntmnet:but if che exulceration be vehement, after the waſhing they put Honny vnto the former confection , and ſome make a perfume with Goatſ Horne, Galleſ, Swyneſ Greace, and Gumme of Cedarſ . And: Fernermſ laith, that Lard cutſmalland beatein a Morter of ſtone like paaſt, in a Limbecke of Glaſſe, rende. reth a white Wiater, which maketh the haire yellow, and alſo the face comely . If a man be poyſoned with Hemlocke hee cannot auoyde it better, then by drinking ſalt, Wine, and freſh Greace . Adecocionhecrcof iſ good againſt the poyſon of Beupreſtiſ, and againſt Quickeſiluer . Theſewet of a Sowe fed with greene Hearbeſ —, iſ profitable to them that are ſicke of a conſumption of the lungeſ , according to thiſ verſe of Se— rem#ſ ſ \ ; Pordevit.,& veteriſ [cui pila ſumpt a ſuillt. Thiſ may alſo be given them in Wine; either raw or decocted, or elſe in pilleſ to beſwal— lowed downe whole if it be not ſalted, and the fift day after they preſcribe them to drinke out of an Egge—ſhell Liquid Pitch, biading their ſideſ, breaftſ, and ſhoulder boneſvery hard . Itiſalſo vſedfor an old Cough after it iſ decocted, the waight of a groat being put into three cuppeſ of Wine with ſome Hony . It iſ given alſo to them that haue the flixe, eſpecially olde Lard, Honny,& Wine, being beaten rogether till they beeallaſ thickeaſ Hony, whereof the quantity of a Haſell—Naut, iſ to be drunke out of Water. Al— fo morſelſ of Swyneſ—Greaſe, Butter, and Hony, being put downe into a Horſſe throate, cureth him of an old Cough, and finally a peece of thiſ Greace being old, moyſtened in oldeWine, iſ profitableto a Horſethat hath beene ouerheated in hiſ iourney . When ao 0 Calueſ bectroubled with belly Wormeſ, take one part of Swyneſ—Greace, and mingle 49 it with three parteſof Iſope, afterwardeſ thruſt it downeinto the throateſ of the Calueſ, and it ſhall expell the wormeſ. When the tongue and Chappeſ waxe blacke by a peculiar ſickneſſe of themouth, which the Phyſitianſ call Myrbwſ epideminſ, it iſ moſt wholeſome to rub the tonguewith the inner ſide of the rineſ of Bacon, and ſo draw out an extreame heate — and it iſ ſaid if 2 man be deepely infeded, whoſe tongue iſ thuſ rubbed, the ſaid Bacon rine being eaten by any Dog,will procure hiſ death. The fat of Wolueſ and the marrow of Swyneiſ good to anoint bleare—eyeſ withall. By ſwallowing downe the marrow of Syvine, theappetite to carnall copulation iſ encreaſed. The atheſ or powder of Hogſ briſtleſ vvhich are taken out of plaiſtererſ penfilſ, wher— withall they rub Walleſ, and mixed with Swyneſ Greaſe,doth caſe the paine of burningſ, and alſo ſtayeth the bleeding of vvoundeſ, and the falling dovyne of theſearebeivg firſt of all waſhed in Wine and dryed Pitch mingled therevvithall.. The powder of the cheek— boneſ of Svyyne, iſ a moſtpreſent remedy for broken boneſ, and alſo for vicerſin the leggeſ and ſhinneſ. The fat of a Boare iſ commended againſt Serpenteſ, and ſoalſo iſ che 59 Of the Swine. the liver of a Bore pigge when the Fibreſ are taken from it, if the weight of two pence bedrunke'ia wine. E The braine of a Sow toſted at the fixe, and laide to a Carbuncle, either diſperſeth or empriech it. Likewiſe the blood and braineſ of a Bore or a ſow, or Bore—pig being mixed with honey, doeth cure the Carbuncleſ in the yard, and the braineſ alone openeth the gumſ of children, to let out their teeth, aſ Sezem=ſ writeth > a 2 * Aut eneriſ cerebr iſ gingiviſ illine porci. Therearenaturally in the head of a Hoggetwo little boneſ thathaue holeſ in them, one ;o in the right part, and another in the left.Now if it happen that a man find theſe boneſ by chaunce, either one or both of them, let him lay them vp ſafe, and whenſocuer he iſtro. bled withthe Head—ach, let him vſethem, hanging them about hiſ necke by a ſilkentbrid that iſ to ſay, if hiſ head ake on the right ſide, let him hange the right bone , and if on th; left, the left bone : Theſe thingſ I report vpon the credit of Mareel/uſ. Galew alſo writech that if the pole of the ſwineſ earebe hanged about oneſ necke, itwill preſerne him from allcough afterwardſ. Theywere wont aſ Dioſco(ia'es writeth, to ſeeth a Gudgen in a ſwineſ belly, by the ea— ting whereof, they ſtaied the falling downe of the ſeat. If a man eatthe lungeſ of a Boare, and a ſowſodden and faſting , they will preſerue himm from drunkenneſſe all that daye, and 20 likewiſe the ſayed lungeſ doth keepe the foleſ of the feete from inflammation which are cauſed by ſtreight ſhooeſ.It alſo healeth the pileſ, cliftſ, and breaking of the Skinne, and kibeſ of the feet, by laying to it aBoreſ gall, and a ſwineſ lungſ. If a man drinke the liver of a ſow in wine, itſauetbhiſ life from the biting of venemouſ beaſteſ. Alſotheliner of a Boreburned with Iuniper—wood, cureth all the faultſ in the ſecretſ , and drunke in Wine withour ſalt after it 1ſ ſod, ſtayeth the looſeneſſe of the belly. The gall ofſwine iſ not verye vebement, for aſ the whole body iſ wateriſh ,(o alſo iſ that,neither iſthere any beaſt heer— in comparable vnto it, (exceptthe wildy& that iſ enimy to Vicerſ,ripening theſore,ſcat— tering the euill humorſ , and reſiſting the bitingeſ of venemouſ Beaſteſ. Alſo the gall of Boreſ layed to bruſed Articleſ, doth procure vnto.them wonderfull eaſe. One ſhalltake , away an old ſcurffe very eaſily by the gall of a ſow, which farrowifit be mingled withthe iuyce of the bearbe Sie/amine, and therewithall to rub the heade wel in a Bath. To keepe haire from growing vpon the broweſ when it iſ once plucked off. Take the gall and fatte ofa Bore, and put them into a ſmooth—thicke—earthen—pot, and of the ſharpeſt Vineger and oyle of Almondſ, foure ounceſ a peece, poure that into it,and then bind the mouth of the pot cloſe with a thicke linnen cloath,ſo letting them ſtand ſeuen daieſ together,af— terwardſ open them againe, and you ſhall finde vpon thetop a certaine ſcum like Gold, wherewithalannoint thoſe placeſ, which you woulde haue remaine balde, after that you haucbeaten it togither in a morter: likewiſe the gall of a Barrow hogge or Borepigge, deethſcatter Apoſtumeſ and buncheſ in any part of the body. The gall of a Hog dryed ,. 1Þ 20 Ouen, and layed vpon a Carbuncle, aſ much aſ will coucr it, it cleaucthfaſt—to the '* ſore,and draweth out the rootand core thereof, It iſ likewiſe good againſt the vicerſ of the eareſ, execept the Vicer be of long continu— ance, and then it iſ good to vſe a ſharper gall, ſuch aſ iſ a ſheepeſ, an Oxeſ, a Beareſ, or a Goacs,they ming]cihercwitha]l ſometimeſ oyle of roſeſ , but for olde woundſ in the earſ, Itiſ goodto take one part of the beſt hony , and two partſ of the ſharpeſt Vineger, andſo let them boile on thefire three walmeſ , afterwardſ ſet them farre off from the fire, vntill itleaueſeething or boiling, and then put Nitre vnto it,ſolong til you know by the Vapor that the Niter iſ ſettled, then ſeeth it againe vppon a gentlefire, ſo aſ it boyleth not oner, and laſtlye put into the eareſ of thiſ gal of a Bore, or of a Goate,and thenſeeth ir'rhcct third time, taking it from the fire, when it iſ Luke—warme, infuſe it into the eareſ, and thiſ gall muſtnot be the gall of a ſfow, except of ſuch aſ never bare pig. Alſo thiſ gall being dried dothcure the H=emorhodſ and kibeſ. " There are alſo certaine ſlifterſ or cliftſ in the hooueſ of horſſeſ, WhiCh_'-"C cured in one nightſ ſpace , by applying vato them the gal of a Barrow—hog, mingled with the yolkeſ of Eggeſ.The blather of ſwine will prouoke vrine, and of a Boare pig ſod, roſted or boy]cd; and t | | (: | b 692%2 The Hiſtory of Fource—footed Reaſtſ. and ſo eaten and drunke, cauſeth a man to containe hiſ vrine, which never could before, When the head of a man iſ exulcerated and runneth, take the bladder of a Barrow—log, with the Vrine, andcaſt the ſame into the fat cut ſmall, afterwardſ mingle it ſo withſalt, that it may appeare all white, then binde it vp faſt, and digge a hole in the Garden about a cubit dcepe, wherein bury and couer theſayde gall, and ſolet it reſt forty or fifty daieſ inthe earth, till the matter therein contained be putrified, then take it out and melt it in a diſh, and keepe the ointmentthat arifeth of it. Then waſh the head all oner with lye, vnto the intent that it may not be offended thorough the Acrimony thereof, mingleit mithnew wine or with water, and then when it iſ dry after ſuch waſhing, annoint it with tlie ſayde ointment, and ſowill the noxiouſ and vncleane haireſ fall enery one off, and '* nc\iv pure oneſ ariſe in their place, and you muſt be very carefull to keepethe head from colde. They were wont to give the ſtoneſ of ſwineagainſtthe fauling ſickneſſe, but then they were firſt dryed, and afterwardſ beaten to pouder, and given to the ſicke party in ſwineſ milke» ſo he waſ commaunded to abſtaine from wine many daieſ before, and after here— ceined it for many daieſ togither.In S@vyc they take the ſtoneſ out of a yong hog when they geld him, and ſcorch them at the fire ſo long, tillthey may bee cruſhed to peeceſ, and thiſ they preſeribe to be drunke in wine againſt the Collicke. Somegine the powderof Bereſ ſtoneſ to menand wornen, to increaſe copulation and conception. The Magicianſ or wiſemen of the Eaſt, preſcribed to be drunkefor the incontinency of vrine, the pouder ofa Bore pigſ ſtoneſ ont of ſweete Wine, and then to make water in a Dogſ kennell, which while he iſ doing, to ſpeake to himſelfetheſe wordſ: Ne ipſe vrinum faciam vt caniſ in ſuo cubile, but I willleauc thiſ ſuperſtition, aſnot worthy tobe Engliſhed. Some take the bladder of a Sovy burned to pouder, and drunke for thiſ infirmity,"and ſome a certameliqueriſh poiſon, which droppeth fromthe Nauellofa Bore pig, immediately after it iſ farrowed. Baconbeaten rogether, and made likemeale, iſ goodagainſta continuall cough, or ſtaieth bleeding atthe mouth.Bacon broath iſ alſo mingled with other medicineſagainſt thegout, and they makean implaiſter of Bacon to ſcatter grauelly matter in the bladder. 'The boneſ of Bacon about the hippeſ, arekept to clenſe and rubbe teeth, and by burning of them, not onely the looſe teeth in men are faſtened, but alſo the wormeſ in theteeth of beaſtſ are killed. If a horſe bee troubled with the Glaunderſ or any ſuch liquid matter running out at hiſ mouth and noſe,then let the broath wherein Bacon and ſwineſ:feete hath bin ſod , be mixed with hony , and ſo ſtrained afterward, let it be beaten welltogither withEggeſ, and ſo infuſed into the left Noſthrillof the horſſe. Gagrerimſ preſcribeth an emplaiſter to be made of cheeſe,and the feet of ſwine againſt the ſhrinking vp oftheſin— neweſ. The ancle bone of a ſow being burned vnitil it be white,and bruſed and taken in drink, doeth cure the ſwellingſ of the necke, and paineſ of long continuance. The Ancle bone of a Sowburned andbruſed, and given to drinke onely in Water ,iſ a remedy againſt the collicke and ſtone, The anckle bone of a ſow doth drive away thoſe ſwellingeſ which ariſe 42 jn the ſtomacke, and dotheaſe the paineſ of the head. 'The aſheſ of the ancle bone of aſow or Bore, doeth cure Corneſ, cleftſe, or other riftſ in the ſkin , and the hardneſſe ofthe ſkin that iſ in the bottome of the feet. Itiſ alſo ſhewed,chat if the bone ſhall be hung about the necke of thoſe that aretrobled wicth quar— rerne agueſ, that then they ſhall be farre better, but of what bone he ſpeaketb, itiſ vneer— taine, but aſ he remembreth it iſ the next bone before the fat of the anckle bone. The boneſ thatare taken:from the hooſeſ of ſoweſ, burned and beaten to pouderare very goodto rub and clenſe the reeth : Alſo theboneſ next to the ribbeſ of Bacon,being burned, are very good to faſten the teeth. The boneſthat aretaken from the hooueſ of . hogſ, and burned to pouder,are vſed to clenſe the teeth ,and it iſ very good alſo to faſten ? & the teeth. The aſheſ whichare made of a Hartſ horne, or of the hoofe of a hog, areverie goodto clenſe or rub the teeth. The boneſ which are taken from the hoof of a hog burnd and beaten to pouder and ſifted, and a little ſpicknard added thereto,doth make the teeth wery white,by often rubbing them therewith. Theaſheſ of the hooſſ of a Bore orſowput in a> 0 we © of the Swine. 693 in drinke, doth ſtay the incontinency of vrine, and alſo the bloody flixe. Takeaſ much Mercurial ſodden, aſ oneſ hand can hold , ſod in two pinteſ of water vnto onepinte and drinke the ſame wihhony and ſalt ,and the pouder ofa Hoggeſ hoofe, and it thall eole 9 — ; E I. | , GDGit iD pole the belly. The milke of a Sow drunkewithſweet wine, helpeth women in traucll, and the fame being drunke alone, reſtoreth milke in Womenſ breaſtſ, It iſ allo good againſtthe" 1 P inerthont at » good againſtthe blody flix ,md iſſick. The ſtoneſ of ſwine beaten to powder, and drunke in ſwineſ milke, are good agamfl the fauling lickneſſe. The wiſe men were wontto preſcribe the left foote orlegge of a Camealion to be bound vnto the feet againſt the gowt. E N P a Air - & STirlp; Thereare a.lfz many v_ſcs.. ofſthe dung of ſwine,and firſt of al it being mixed with Vine— er, iſ good againſt the bittingeſ of venemouſ beaſteſ, and Aezivſ maketh an emplaiſter 10 thereof, againſt the biting of a Crocodile. It iſ to be applyed ſingle againſt the ſtinging , c —_— — et 32 5 — & of Scorpionſ flſſſ\d 'Zllſo ſi[hc þi*-mgſſ otany other reptile creature If a Serpent bite an Oxe or a Horſe, or any other Foure—footed—Beaſt, take theſtaike of Nigella, and beat into a pinte of olde wine, ſo aſ afl the inice may goe out thereof, then infuſe it into the Noſtril of the þeaſt, and lay ſwineſ dſiuſſ?gc to thc(orcſi,ſo alſoit may bee appliedvrto men, whereunto fome do ad Hony Atticke, and the vrine of a man ,andiſo it iſ to be applyed warme, it be— ing alſowarmed in a ſhell, and dried to pouder, mixed withoyle, and layed to the bodia, eaſeth outward paineſ. It iſ likewiſe profitable againſt burningſ,itch, ſcabſ, and bliſterſ, and trembling of the bo_d y, ace ord_iſſ.zg to theſe verſeſ of Serenuſ : Stercoriſ ex poyco cinerem confundit olimphiſ Sic panidum corpuſ ,dextra paſcente foneto. 20 rat : . : Thiſ iſ alſo commended againſt hard buncheſ in the body, hardneſ of the Skinne,cliſteſ and chinkeſ in the fleſh, freckleſ, lice,and nitſ ,and alſo the breaking of the ſinneweſ : Si cuiforti lapiſ teneroſ violanerit artuſ Non pudeat luteſ, ſterceuſ perducere poſſa. Itiſalſo good to ſtay bleedingeſ atthe noſe, if it belayed to the Noſthrilſ warme, and to ſtaie the bleedingſ of beaſtſ, it it be given them in wine, the ſame being mixed and couc— red with hony , iſ annointed vpon horſeſ for the Quinſey or ſweilingſ of the throat. Ifthe breafteſ of a woman do ſwelafter her deliuery of childe, it iſ good to annoint them with 30 water, and the dung of Hoggeſ, alſo the powder thereof mixed with oile, iſ profitable for the ſecretſ of men and women . If a man hane receined any hurt by bruſeſ,ſo aſ hiſ blood , ſtaicth in hiſ body , or ſuffer convulſion of the Nerueſ through Crampeſ, thoſe euilſ are cured by the dung of a Bore gathered in the ſpring time, dried and ſod in Viniger, and ſome of the later Phyſitianſ preſcribe it to de drunke in water, and they ſay that AZ/0 the Emperor waſ woont to vſe that medicine, when he would try the ſtrength of hiſ body, in a running Chariot: alſo the powder of the ſame being drunk in Vineger, iſ profitable for theruptureand inwarde bruſeſ, and warmed in Wine againſt al manner of flixeſ and Ti— zickeſ For the paineſ of the loineſ and al other thingeſ which need mollyfieng rub them firſtof all withDeereſ greace,and then ſprinkle them with old Wine mixed with the pou *® der of Swineſ dung. Thevrine of a Swine iſ alſo good againſt albuncheſ andapoſtemation being layed to in wool. The vrine of a Bore pig dryed in theſmoke, and drunkewithſweet Wine, the quantity of a beane,iſ proſitable againſt thefauling euil. Againſtthe white— neſ of the eyeſ,and the ſtone in the reyneſ and bladder. And thuſ much for the ſtory of ſwine in generall. \ ) | \ Theepithetſ HF Aiſ THE WILDE BOR \ E \\\ \_ct'ſi_ſſſſ fflffix'\ 3 — — yy 1 -,ſſ( © Z (tZ 22 (( 19 ) 1 —= Io # 26 Hiſ beaſtiſ tearmed by no other name thenthe common | (wine among the Heebreweſ, namely , Chaſr , aſ you may 4 | ſee.in Pſal. So.wher the prophet ſpeaketh of Chaſrr de ſylua, | | That iſ ; the Bore out of the wood. The Grzecianſ callhim CGapreſ and Syagroſ, and Cluniſ, although ſome take Clupſ tor a Bore of an exceeding great ftature. Ar//fophore ſaith, that thereare ſome of thiſ kind which are cald Mep#,which worde by S. Cyril vppon the prophet O/e» iſ interpreted a wilde AGt, but I rather incline to their opinion which ſaie, 39 that Chinmiſ Monyoſ, and Chanliodon ate pocticall wordſ for Cruell Boreſ. Ariſfatle iſ of opinion, theſe boreſ being gelt when they are young, growe greaterand more fierce, wheteunto Home7 alſo yeeldethaſ he iſ thuſ tranſlated : Nutrijt exetum, ſyluiſ horrentibuſ aprum t ZInſtar non bruti ſed dorſi montiſ opuci . But thiſ iſ to be vnderſtoode of ſuch Boreſ , aſ by accident geld themſelueſ by rubbing vponany tree. The French call thiſ Beaſt, Su@glier and pore Sanglier 5 the Italianſ Cinghi= ale and Cinghiare, and Porco.The Spaniardſ Purzco Sylueſtre,and Puerco monteſ,and I anali, the Germanſ Wi/d Schuuzin.The Illyrianſ Worpeſ, and the Latineſ Aper, for Porcwſ ſigni— 49 fieth the rameſwine, and Aper the wilde. The reaſon of thiſ Latine name Aper, iſ derived from Aſper , becauſe he lineth among the ſharp thornſ and woodſ, but I rather think that Aper iſ derived from C4pr0ſ the Greeke word , or elſe Aper 24 feritate, from hiſ fierceneſſe and wildeneſ , by chaunging one letter into another. The Epithiteſ of thiſ beaſt are many,, both in Greekeand Latine, ſuch aſ theſeareſ ſharpe, wilde, Areadian, At:alantean,woubler, bloody} toothed,hard, Exypanthean,cru— ell, outragiouſ, fierce, ſtrong , gnaſhing, lightning, yellowe, raging, Acorne—gatherer, quicke, rough,rough—haired, horrible, M.emalian, Mercean,Meleagron, threataing, wood— wanderer, cruell, Saebelican, briſtle—bearer,foaming, ſtriſ, filthy, Tegean, Thuſcan, fear— full, wry—faced, truculent, devuouret, violent,/pbrian, wound—maker,impetuouſ,movn— 5* taine—liver, armed on both ſideſ, and ſuch like. But of all theſe Epithiteſ there are onely three, Exiranthean, Calidenean, and Myſfean, which do offer vnte vſ peculiar ſtorieſ, accor ding aſ we find them in the poetſ, whichwee willvprefix by way of morral diſcoutſe before we enter into the natural ſtory of thiſ beaſt. Firſtofall, Exymanthuſ waſ a hill of Arcadia, whercin w aſ a wilde bore, that continually did deſcend down & depopulate their Corn fieldſ, FFezewleſ com ning that way ,and hea— rin gofthatmiſchiefe did kill the ſaid Bore ,and carrycd him ypon hiſ backe to Emryſ/bexſ, whereat E27y/Zhenſ waſ ſo much affraid, that he went and hid himſelſe in a brazen veſſell, whereof?irgillſpeaketh thuſ : Erymanthi dong 4921 Of the Swine. 695 Erymanthiplacaret ſyluam, & leynam tremefecerit aren And of thiſ Exymanthean bore Martiall ſpeaketh : Quantuſ erat calidon,CG> Erymanthe tunſ. of tſſhc Calidonſan Bgrcth::r_cis thiſ ſtory in Hoe—VVhen Ocnenſ thePrince of Actoliſ ſacrificedthe firſt fru_lts of hiſ country to the Goddeſ, he forgot D/amſa, wherewithall ſhe waſ veryangry, and ſo ſent among the peopleaſauage Boare; which deſtroyed both the Countrey and Inbabitantſ: againſt whom the Calidontanſ and Pleuronianſ went foorth in hbunting, and the firſtobal that wounded the wilde Beaſtwaſ Meleager theſonne of Octenſ;, for reward wherof , he receiued hiſ head and hiſ okin, which he beſtowd on Ara/axpa a vir— to gin of #7cadia, withwhome hee waſ in love, and which did accompany—himin hunting : wherewithall the ſonneſ of Thyc/fizſ, which werethe Vneleſ of Meleager ,were: greatly c?f— fended(for they werethe brotherſ to hiſ mother Al/rathoſe men lay in waite to deſtro him, whereof when hee waſ aducrtiſed;hekilledſome ofthem, and putre the reſidiieto flight ſ For which caufe the Plexyoqn/anſ made warre againſt the C@lideniz2nſ: inthe beginſ ning of wſſ] richwarre Mcleager fellout with hiſ motherſ becauſe the did not help.hir coun= try :Atlaſt when the Citty waſ almoſttaken, by the perſwaſton of hiſ wifecClegpuatra, hee went out to fight with hiſ cncmi?s,whcrectin valiant maner he ſlew many of them ,otherſ he put to flight , who in their chaſe runningaway, felldowne vponſteepe rockeſ and peri— ſhed, Then A/thcſ the mother of Meleager, began to rage againſther ſonne, and flunge in— 20 to thefire thetorch which the fateſ had given vned her to lengthen hiſ daieſ,ſo. when ſhe ſaw herſonne waſ dead, ſhe repented and ſlue her felſe, and atterwardeſ. waſ call into the very ſelfe—ſame burning fire with him. In the hunting of thiſ Bore Arcenſ the companion ofZaſon to Colchiſ waſ ſlaine. Thiſ Bore iſ alſo called a AMeliagraſ and Artalantean Bore, of whom Marziall writeth thuſ : Quididmideiſ metwendwſ Sctiger Agriſ Actolacecidit cuſþude taliſ erat, } Andagaineinanotherplace: — E , Laite mero Pctſtum pigte mihimortiſ alumnum PonatC» Actolo de [ue dineſ edat . 30 Itiſ ſaid that thiſ Bore had teeth of a cubit long;ſ& ithemaner ofhiſ hiting waſ expreſſed inthe pinnicle of the Temple of Tegen,for which cauſe he iſ calledthe Tegean Bore.Vpon theoneſide of the Bore againſthiſ middle,were painted Aralanta, Meleager, Theſenſ, Te— lamon, pelcuſ , Pollux, and folauſ the companion ofal Ferculeſtrauelſ. Prothuſ and Gome—» te=ytheſonneſ of Threſtinuſ and brethren of Alzhea,on the other ſide ofthe Bore ſtood Ap— cauſwounded , and Epocwſ ſuſtaining hiſ hunting ſpeare 53next vnto him ſtood Caſ?oy and Ampbhiarauſ, theſonne of Ojclenſ. After them Z/pporhuſ, theſonhe of Cercion, Agamedeſ, the ſonne of Szpmpheleſ, and laſtly pirithonſ.. Theteeth ofthiſ Bore were taken.away by Augaſtuſafter the time that he had onercome Apzhone», which hehung yp in the Tem— ple of Bacchuſ, ſtanding in the Gardenſ of the Emperour: And thuſ much for the Calido— E .: nimmBore. 5 — Now concerning the My/ſcan bore ,I find thiſ ſtory recorded of him.When'Adrai@uſ the Phrygian, who waſ of thekingſ blood, had vnawareſ killed hiſ brother ,he fled to Sa7— dw,andafter hiſ expiation dwelt with Cre/wſ. It hapnedatthattimethat there waſ a wilde Bore came out of d/%impwſ, and waſted a great part of the countrey of A/y//ea:: the people oppreſſed with many toſſeſ, and retrifyed with the preſence of ſuch a beaſt, beſought the kingto ſend hiſ owneſonne A##»ſ with much company to hunt and kil the Bore. Theking waſaffraide thereof, becauſe in hiſ dreame he ſaw a viſion , hiſſonne periſhing by an iron ſpeareſ yet arlaſthe vvaſ perſwaded, & committed the ſafegard of hiſ body to Adrafuſ: When they came to the wildebeaſt, Adra##@ſ bent biſ ſpeare at the Bore, and while hee ,, Caftit to kill him, the ſonne of Creſwſ came betwixt them, and ſo waſ ſlaine with the ſpear, ' according to the dreame of hiſ Father. Adrai%/w@ſ ſeeing thiſ miſfortune, (that hiſ handeſ which ſhould hane defended the young prince, had taken away hiſ life) fellinto extreame paſſionand forrow for the ſame, and although the king, knovving hiſ innocency , forgaue him the faQ , yet hee ſlue himſelſe at the Funerallof A#75, andſo vvaſ burned vvith him intheſame fire. Andthuſ much for the Ayſ/ear» Bore. k —— winl \ ) |} \ Novy 696 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſlſ. Now we will proceedeto theparticular ſtory of the wilde Borey and firſt of alloſthe countrieſ breeding Boreſ. The Spaniardſ ſay,that inthenewfound world, there arewilde wh Boreſ much IFZe then ourſ, 'which have taileſ ſo ſhor_c,chac onewould think they had bin gſi f;;ſſ;ſiſiſi& cut off, they differalſointheir fect, for their hindler feer are not clonen, but ſtand vppon Other acoiſ _ onelclaw, and their forefeer are clouen like common ſwineſ. ſi dentſ. Their fleſh allo iſ more ſweetand wholeſome then common ſwineſfleſh, whereof re— ter Martir ginethreaſon in hiſ OceanDecadſ,becauſe they feed vnder palme Treeſ, neee the Sea—fhore, and in Marſheſ. OVa@w Mag@uſ writeth, thatin diverſ placeſ of Scapdinſ— via, they hunt wilde Boreſ which aretwelue foot long: The wilde Boreſ of Indiaaccor— ding to Plinyhaueteeth, which in their compafſſe contain a cubit, and beſideſ theirteeth 19 growing ontof theirchapſ, theyhaue two horneſ on their head like Calueſ horneſ.In the Tſlandſ Meder2ythere2areabundance of wilde Boreſ likewiſe in Helweriaſ and eſpecially in thoſepartſ thatioyne vppon'the A/peſ, where they would much:more abound, butthat theMogiſtrateſ giveliberty to euery man ro killanddeſtroy them.. Thereareno Boreſ in Affricke;except in Aethiopia, where their Boreſ haueall horneſ, andof thoſeit waſ that Zycotaſ the Countrimantaw in a publicke ſpectacle at Rome: Nineoſ lepareſ & non ſue cornibuſ aproſ. That iſ; Hareſ whirelike ſwine, and Boreſ that haue horneſ. It iſ a wonderfull thinge 39 that there arenoBoareſ' in Creer,and no lefle admirable'that the Boreſ of Macidenta are dum and haue no voice #And thuſ much concerning the Countrieſ of Boreſ. NowGoncerning their colour, it iſ obſerued, that wilde Boreſ for the moſtpartareof ablackeand browne colour , eſpecially at the top oftheir haire, and ſomewhat yellow vn— derneath, and yet Pawſ/aniaſ writetb;that he hath ſeene Boareſ all whiteſ howbeit thatiſ not erdinary. Their blood iſ ſharpe and blackelike blacke wine, and ſuch aſ wil never bee thicke, their cieſ like to the cieſ of wrathfull beaſtſ, aſ Wolueſ, and: Lyonſ. Their tuſkeſ aremoſt admirable, for with thern while they are alive, they cutilike ſharpe kniveſ, but when they are dead, they hauc loſt that cutting property ; thereaſon of it iſ in the heat of thetooth, for'it iſ cerrainelyaffirmed by hunterſ of wilde Boreſ, thatwhen the Beaſtfal— 30 lechfirſton the earth downe before the Doggeſ and hunterſ, if one pull off a briftle from hiſ backe, and lay it vpon the tuſke;the heat thereof wil make it ſhrinke vp andturne togiſ therlikea hot yron, and if Doggeſ doechannce to touch them, they burne their hatreſ from their backe , whereby the ardent and fiery nature of thiſ beaſt iſ manifeſt,aſ an ever— laſting monument of the wotrk of God, and yet notwithſtanding alltheir wrath they have no gall, (aſ P/#ny writechytheir head and face are their ſtrongeſt partſ, and thereforevpon them they receiue the hunterſ bloweſ aſ vpon a bucket. Their teareſ which they ſend forth of their eieſ are verieſweet, and of allother thingeſ they cannot abide their owne vrine , for it iſ thoughr tobe ſo horte, that it burneth them, the placeſ of and they can vever runne away in flight, till they hane emptied their bellieſ thereof. The their abode. place ofthcir abode iſ for the mo ſt part in the marſheſ and woodſ, for the Scythianſ did 4 hunt Hartſ and wilde Boreſ in the Marſheſ, but Roeſ and wilde Aſſeſ in the plaine fieldſ, Sometimeſ they hide themſelueſ among Fern, which they have gathered togetherin the fieldſ, and they dig holeſ and ditcheſ for themſelueſ, wherein they reſt, and thiſ iſobſer— ued, that they lonenot ſo much to wallow in the mire, aſ the tame and Domeſticalſwine, alhough they be of a hotte and fiery nature— Their voice iſ like to the voice of common ſwine, but the femileſ iſ ſomewhatmere ſhril. They liue for the moſt part ſolitary and a— Jone, and not in heardſ aſ the other do, and feede vppon ſuch meateſ aſ the vulgar ſwine. Traguſ ſaicth,that there iſ a kind of greene corne in Germany, whichiſ armed with verye ſharpe ſtaikeſ and pointeſat both endſlikeBarley, thiſ the people do feerhand eatelike edſel Now foraſmuch aſ wildeBoreſ are deſtroyerſ of their Corne, they ſowe that graine neerthe woodſ ſideſ wherethe Boreſ abide, whereby they defend and ſafegpard their bet gercorne.Boreſ doalſo ear the wormeſ of the earth, which they dig out with their noſeſ, andin Pomphilia and the mountaineſ of Cy/iczſ, they do cat Salamanderſ without burte or g;?.mgcr, Oppianuſ Gellinſ 5o Of the Swine. Lnogrrokl lueſland verif aroch ; — ſ danger to m!emſcigcs )and yet if men chactxſicc to eat oftheirfleſhwhich haueſo denoured them;they die afterwardſ through the poiſon : wherby irmanifeſtly appearetbothat there < I. 5 aritng de hr e 1 ſ I " i ' i iſ danger in eating w ildehogſ fleſh:Hemlock and Henbaneiſ alſo poiſon roſwine, which they never eat but vnawarſ, andhauing eaten it preſently they looſe their ſtrengthin their o 1 refailſ i hinder partſ, whereby they arefaine to draw them afterthern;and in that manperthey craul tothe waterſideſ, wherethey gather togetherSnaileſ & ſea—crabſ , by eating wherof they arercſtored to their former health . Luy iſ alſo a medicine for the diſeaſeſ nctſhoares, and oldageimaketh themaltogerthervnfit to be preſerued. Therefore in auncient time when — they kept Boreſ in parkſ,whereof FA/uinſ Hirpinuſwaſ the firſt beginner,Laciuſ Luculluſ, o and Qw/ntuſ Hortentiuſ, the immediate followerſ, I ſay they nenerkept boreſ paſt 4. year old, becauſe after that time they waxed leane and pined away . Now concerning their ge— neration or copulation to engender,itiſ certainethat they donot couple often in the y?a.r aſthetame ſwine, but only once, and that in the beginning of Winter, or themiddle, ſo 7 thatthey may bring forch in the ſpring time ofthe yeare,and theychuſe the moſt vouſed, narrowe, hollowe, and ſteepe placeſ to couplein. The maleabideth with the female thir— ty daieſ to gether, and the female beareth het young oneſ, both forthenumber andthe timeanſwerable to the vulger ſwine. Whenthe Boare iſ in copulacion before hand,while heworketh the ſow, he carrieth a mouthaſ white aſ any horſe, which aſ in the horſe it ri— ſeththrough vehement ſtirring,ſo in the bore it riſeth through vehement heate and fear— ,0 ter. Inthetimeof their luſtthey are very ſharpe, eager, and crue!l; fighting withall maleſ that come in their prefence , and therefore they armetheir bodieſ by rowling in the durt, and alſo by rubbingthem againſttrecſ,that ſothey may be hard to withſtand oneanother, Thiſfight of boreſ iſ thuſ deſcribed of rzrgill : Per ſyluaſ tum ſawuſ aper ,tum peſſima T igriſ, Tpſernit denteſg, ſabelionſ exacuit ſuſ, Et pedibuſ ſubegit terram, fricat arbore coſtaſ, Atrg, hine at a, illinc humeroſ ad vulnera durat. Being inflamed with venerial rage, he ſo {etteth vpright the briſtleſ of hiſ neck, that you wouldtake themto be the ſharp finſ of Dolphinſ;then champethhe with hiſ mouth,gra— ſ tethand gnaſheth hiſ teeth one againſt another, and breathing forth hiſ boylingſpirit, not only at hiſ cieſ, but at hiſ foaming white mouth, he deſiveth nothing but copulation, and if hiſ female endurehim quietly ,then doth ſhee ſatiſfie hiſ luſt, an d kill all hiſ anger; but if ſhe refuſe, then doth he cither conſtraine her againſther will, or elſe layeth hir dead vpon the earth. Somtime they forcea tame Sow, and then the pigſ ſo begotten,are cald Ebride, that iſ, by way of contumely , baſtardſ : And it iſ to bee obſerned,that neuer any wilde beaſt being tamed doth engender copulation, except they beetamed very young, onely wilde Boreſ do quickly mingle with vulgarſwine . The female of thiſ kindehath no teeth ſtanding out of hermouthlike the male, except very ſhort oneſ, and therefore the teſidue are more like a ſaw then the teeth of a Boare ,for it iſ a generalirule; 4o Nullidenteſ exerti quibuſ ſerrati, 2 Conterning the diſpoſition of Boreſ in generall, it iſ brutiſh, ſtubborne ,and yet coura— giouſ; wrathfull, and furiouſ, becauſe cheir bloud iſ full of fibreſ , and miniſtreth vnto them ſudden matter of anger, neitherare ther any beaſtſ ſo clothed with haire, aſ Lyonſ andBoreſ; wherefore both of them are of like fierceand angry nature;, yetwehaue ſhew— ed in the ſtory of the Hart, how they were drawne from their meat and denſ by the voice ofmuſick. It iſ ſaid that they arenot capable of any diſciplineor inſtruction, and yet Seaſ liger affirmeth, thatheſaw a Borethat belonged to the Lord of Salaimmat,of an exceeding great ſtature, tamed by hiſ maiſter, whoat the ſounding ofthe horneſ,would come run— i to hbunting ,and go abroad with hiſ maiſteramong the Dogſ, contending With the moſtſwift in race to attaine the prey. ® 59 They naturally deſire to buty their owne foorſtepſ in wer miry placeſ, that ſhC_Y may dotbeefound out by the hunterſſ and aſ the rage of the Boareſ iſ greateſtin the time of their ſuſt;ſo iſ it in the Soweſ after their farrowing.and therfore it waſ an excellentſpeech Of Cyaxareſvnto Syruſ, that Swynewhen they ſee the I-Iux_xz:ſſſimhhough they be many,yeſ Funaway with their :butifthe Hunter follow one of the young oneſ, then doth the — Rrr dam ning like a c The fight of Boateſ, k —— wht ( | | 698 Swimming of Boareſ, Of the hun— ting of wilde Boareſ. The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. dam turne againe,and withall herforce endevoure to deſtroy him that would deprine hiſ of her yong oneſ. Beforethe Boreſ dofightthey go and whet their teeth, but while they are in contention,if it happen thata Wolfe commeth in ſight, then they forſake their my— tuall combatſ ,and all of them ioyne together to drineaway the Wolfe. The Beare dareth fot to enter vpon the wilde Bore, except behind him and vnawareſ. Heſiod ſaith,that yyul. can pii&ured vppon the ſhield of FHercwleſ , the imageſ and ſhapeſ of many wilde beaſkeſ fighting one with another, neither of both yealding to other, tillboth of them fell downe dead ,which cauſed A/e/a#xſ to make thiſ Emblem of a vulture ſtiding by to ſee their con= tention, and ſuffered them to kill one. another without parting, whereby afterwardeſ ſhe 10 enioyedtheir dead carkaſeſ, Dum ſeuiſ rucrent in mutua vulnera teliſy Vugue leanaferox dentetimenduſ aper, Accurrit vulter ſpeit atum , Cr prandia captat, Gloria victoriſ preda futura [na eſt. It iſ reported that Boreſ will ſwim ſingle and alone like fiſheſ, andſomeofthemtwotogi. ther like Wolneſ, and many timeſ in flockſ and heardſ like Roeſ, for ſuch iſ their ardent nature and deſire of meat, that they fearenor the higheſtMountainſ , nor the deepeſt wa— terſ. Now concerning the fieſh of wilde Boreſ, although we haue ſpoken aboundantly ** in the former diſcourſe of Swyne, yet muſt we adde ſomething in thiſ place;for although generally the fieſh oftame ſwine 1ſ viſcouſ and colde, yet the fleſh of the wilde iſ more temperate and nouriſhable, and therefore of lighter concodtion andſtronger nouriſh— ment . Therefore thoſe which had a Timpany were preſcribed to eate Boreſ fleſh and wilde Sow eſ, for it dryeth, ſtrengtbneth, and moueth; and menthat are vexed with Saint Anthonieſ fire, are forbidden to eateall ſalt meateſ and leauened bread, yet permitted to eate of Boreſ fleſh. It iſreportedthar pwblimſ Seruil/uſ Rulluſ, waſthe verye firſt among ali the Romanſ that did ſetat hiſ table a whole Boare, moſt delicately dreſſled and ſtuffed with variety of dinerſ coſtly diſheſ, whichBore by Parzv iſ cald Aper Millianimſyhat iſ, Milli— Jibrarum, of a thouſand pound worth;againſt which intollerable gluttony and coſt Zuonenal 30 madethcſeverſeſ ; E i Ouantaeſt gula que ſibitotoſ, Ponit Aproſ animalpropter conuinia natum., Apitiuſ in the beginning of hiſ eight booke, preſcribeth the maner how to dreſſe the fleſh of wilde Boreſ, wherewithall if any be delighted Iet him reade that booke., for it iſ not my purpoſe in thiſ Treatiſe,to blot any paper w ithany long inſtrucion for Cookſ and Belli— godſ, neither were it any part of thiſ namrall Hiſtory , nor yet agrecable to my calling or enterpriſe, and therefore I will onely adde thiſ obſeruation of Miſaldiſ, that Boreſ Beſh ſalted in poudring tubſ, doth change bothcolour and taſt, atthat time of yeare, wherin the living Boreſ do rage vpon their femaleſ : And thuſ much ſhall ſuſfice to haue ſpoken 4 ofBoreſfleſh. Now in the next place wee will proceedeto talke, concerning the hunting of Boareſ which iſ not onely a paſtime for Lordſ and Princeſ, but alſoa neceſſary labour for mea— ner men; for aſtheharme that commeth by boreſ iſ exceeding great, and ſo much the greater by how much he iſ poorer that dothſuſtaine it, ſo the vtility to learne the meaneſ of deſtroying thiſ beaſt iſ more commodiouſ, becauſe the common pronerb iſ moretrll@ jn thiſ then in the vulgar ſwine,that they neuer do good till they are dead. Itiſreportedof Diocleſian when he waſ agent for the Romanſ in France, there came an olde Woman called Dzy2ſ vnto him, and reproued him for hiſ coverouſneſſe, telling him that he waſ ouer—ſparing, and perſimoniouſ;to whom he anſwered in ieft, when I am Empe. I wil be more liberal:D77@ſ replyed vnto him, N/i Torare Diocleſſane, n& imperatlr eriſ cumſ apriv occideriſ. T at iſ,leſt not O Diveleſ@#aſ,for thou ſhalt be Emp.whentbou haſt killed Aper,,(that waſ aBore aſ he thought; )and therefore he gauc himſelfe to the hunting of Boreſ,neuer ſparing any time that waſ offred vato him, alwaieſ expeAing the euent of thatſpecch, Of the Swine. 699 ſpeech, whereofhe yvaſ ſruſtrarecȝlvntil! hekilled Arivſ Aper, the gonernor of the indge.— menthall, and then afterwardſ being Emperor heknew that the women did not meane a Boare, but a man. Now thereforetheh unting of Boareſ, and the manner of their taking iſ many waieſ, either by violence in chaſe,or by pollicie in ditcheſ and trapſ,orelſe by im— poyſoned baiteſ . The beſttime of their bunting iſ in the middeſtof winter aſ ſome ſay but I thinkethe Winter iſ theworſt time, becauſe then they are ſtrongeſt, and ſceing a],l Swineare impacient of heate, the Summer will quickly end their life,if then they bee cha— ſed. It behooueth therefore the hunter of Boareſ to be very wary, and therefore the aun— cienteſ oſirdayctncd rhgt ſn\ch aone ſhould weare a rough garment of a broune colour, and 10 Iikewiſethathiſ Horſeſhonld be of a yellow and firy colour,and that the Boare ſpear fhold be ſtrong and ſharp, for thiſ beaſtiſ armed with a very ſtrong head and Skin, and beſideſ they couer themſelueſ with dryeddurt, aſitwere with a coate of male to blunt the Wea— pon, andtherefore he runnech willingly either without dreador feare vpon the hunterſ, Inwhich encounter if he receineth not a deadly wound, hee ouerthrovvethbbiſaduerſary, excepthe fall flat on theground , for the Boareſ teeth cannotcut vpward,but downevvard; therefore if the Hunter be a foote—man, he muſt ſeate himſelfe neereſome tree, and then alſoprouide thatif he miſſe the Boare,hc may eaſily climbe into the bougheſ,and ſo faue himſelfe; but if the Swyne that iſ raiſed be a female, ſhe willallto teare and bite the Hun— terwith her tecth if ſhe get him within hir clutcheſ:wherfore for the moreſpeedy ending ,0 of thc hunting,it iſ good to raiſe the beaſt earely in the morning beforehc hathmade wa— ter, for the buming ofhiſbladder doth quickly make him weary. But if the boare haue either made waterbefore, or got liberty and reſtinthe chaſe:to eaſe himſelfe, then will hiſ taking be very difficulteand redionſ, ſuch iſthe nature of thiſ couragiouſ beaſt, that he neuer ceaſeth running cill he bee weary , and being wearied de— ſembleththeſame by ſitting vpon hiſ buttockſ, and offereth combat tohiſ Hunter,and yethe iſ not wont to ſtrike a man vntillhe be wounded firſt by him . When the Boare iſ firſt raiſed out of the Wood , he ſauffeth in the winde,liſting vp hiſ Noſe toſmellwhat iſ with him, and what iſ againſt him. Thehunting ſpeare muſt be very ſharp and broad, branching forth into cettainforkeſ 0 or horneſ, ſo aſ by no meaneſ the Boare ſhall breake through thermm vpponthe Hunter, and when he bendeth the ſame before the beaſt, hee muſt ſtand with one leg before ano— therlike a wreſtler, holding hiſ left hand vpon the middle ofthe ſpeareto dire&the ſame, and the right hand behind, to thruſt it forward with violence, having hiſ eyeintent vpon the beaſt, and if it be a boare to wound him in the middleofhiſ forchead betwixt hiſ eye= lidſ, or elſe vppon the ſhoulder, for in both thoſe placeſ, the wound iſ deadly ; butif hee chance to hit him on the cheeke, the greateſt harme that hec doth him, iſ that be maketh him vnfit to vſe hiſ tuſkeſ: of thiſ he muſt be very carefulthat if the boare leap vpon him, helikewiſe muſt give backe and draw out hiſ ſword ; and if he chaunce to bee ouerturned, then to Iye downein ſomchollow place where the boarecannot come at him vvith hiſ "teeth. Nowconcerning the inſtruGion of dogſ,and the ehoyce of ſuchhoundſ aſ are appoin— tedfor the hunting of boareſ, you muſt note, that cuery Dog iſ —not fit for the ſame, but Sreatmaſtiveſ, ſuch aſ are vſed for the baiting of beareſ. For the boare firſt ofallterrify— eth the Dog with hiſ voice, and if he bee not ready tofight but to runaway, then are the Hunterſ in worſe caſe then at the beginning. Thereforethey muſt be ſureito have them wellinſruGedbefore they give the onſet, and beelikewiſe athand to encourage them; When they comefyrſt of all to the place wherin they coniecture the boare iſ lodged, if there be no appearancecither by kiſ foorſtepſ, or by the woundeſofhiſ teeth vpon the treeſ and bougheſ , then let them let looſe one of the beſt houndeſ, and caſting about the , "ood follow with the reſidueweather the crygoeth. — The Dogge preſſeth into the thickeſt buſheſ where commonly the boare lodgeth; and when he hath found the beaſthe ſtandeth ſtill and bayeth,then muſtthe Hunter come and take vp that Dogge,for the Boare willnot ſtir very cafic out ot hiſlodging , and goe andſet vp hiſ netſ and toyleſ inall the by placeſ, whereby itiſlikely thebeaſt W_ln paſſe, and theſe muſt he hang to ſome treeſ, for poſteſ in the earthwill not ſuffice, alwaieſ make + Rrr 2 ing ier — | | Z: »00 T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. king the infideof them very light , that the beaſtmay ſuſpe@Ano harme . The netſ being thuſ ſet vp, let him returne againe to hiſ dogſ,loofing them all ; and euery hunter arming himſelfe with darteſ and a boareſ ſpeare , ſo letthe moſt ſkilfull followe the dogſ cloſe to exhort them & ſetthem on, the reſidewfollowe one after another a good diſtance, ſeat— tering themſeltveſ into ſundry angleſ, for their better ſafegardand end oftheir ſport : for ifthey ſhould come all together , the Boare mightlight vppon them and wound ſome efthem, for vppon whoſocuer he falleth inhiſ rage hee hurteth them: furthermorewhen the dogſ beginne to come neereto hiſ lodging, then muſt they bee ſet on more cagerly, and ſo hartened that they be no wateſ appalled at theraſing of the Boare ,for hiſ manner iſto make forceat the formoſt dogge that iſ neareſt to him , ſo muſt hee bee followed in chaſe euen vato the netſ ," but if thenetſ ſtand vppon a ſidehill , or a ſteepeRocke, then when he iſ inſfuared he will get out withnodifficulty;but if it ſtand vppon plaine ground, theroileſ will hold hina cillthe hunterſ come,who muſt preſently take care,to wound him, withdartſ and ſpeareſ before they meddle with him , compaſſing him round about very warily , ſo that he nor they hurtany of the doggeſ, and eſpecially they muſt wound him in the face or ſhoulderſ , where the woundſ are mortallaſ Thaueſaydbefore : but if it hap— pen that the beaſt gertethlooſe when heefecleth the bleweſ, the hunterſ muſtnot ſtart a— vvay , but the ſtrongeſtof' them to meete him vvith hiſ ſpeare,ſetttng hiſ body aſ vve hane formerly expreſſed, hauing an eſpecialleycto the beaſtſ head, which way ſocuer he wind— eth and turneth the faine, for ſuch iſ the nature of the Bore, ſometimeſ he ſnmat cheth the ſpeare out of the Hunterſ handſ, or elſe recoyleth the force backeagaine vpon the ſmi— ter, for by both theſe meaneſ the hunteriſ ouercome and ouerthrowne: whenſocuer thiſ happneth, then iſ there but onemeaneſ to ſaue the hunterſ life, which iſ thiſ, another of hiſ companionſ muſt come and charge the Boare, making aſ though hee would wound him with hiſ dart, but not caſting it for feare of burting the hunter vnder hiſ fecte. When the Boare feeth thiſ, be forſaketh the firſt manand ruſheth vpon the ſecond, who muſtlooke to defend himſelfe withall dexterity, compoſing hiſ body , and ordering hiſ weaponſaccording to artificiall Bore—hunting,& in the meane ſeaſon the vanquiſhed hunter muſtariſe againe, taking freſh hold en hiſ ſpeare, and with all courage ſetting vp— pon the aduerſaric beaſt ,to wound him either inthce ſhoulderſ or in the head, for it iſ no credit to eſcape with life, except he killand oucrcome the Boare. WVhen heefecleth himſelfethuſ woundedthathee cannotline , if itwerenot forthe eroſſeſand forkeſ vppon the Boare—ſpeare , hee would preſſein vpponthe vanquiſher to take renuenge for hiſ death; For ſo great iſ the feruent wrath of thiſ beaſt, that he ſpareth not to killand wound,although hefeel vpon him the pangſ of death : and what placeſoc— nerhe biteth cither vpon dog or man, the hedte of hiſ recth infliCteth a dangerouſ infla— ming wound : and for thiſ cauſe if he doth but touch the haire of dogſ, he burneth it off, but if it be a female that iſ raiſed,(for there iſ aſ great a rage in femaleſ aſ in maleſ though notſo great power) then muſt the hunter take heede he never fall to the ground, for aſ 30 the male hurtethnot butwhen a man ſtandeth or lyeth high, ſo the female burrethnot 49 but when a man fallethorlyeth low :therefore if the hunter chance to fall, he muſt rayſe himſelfe withall ſpeede, vſing no lefſe dexterity and courage againſt thefemale, then hee doth againſtthe male. There iſ alſo another manner of hunting wilde Swyne, which iſ thiſ: fir ſt of all they ſet vp theirnetſ in all paſſageſ, through which it iſ likely the beaſt willgoe, then dothe men and dogſ with a gallant cry, filling the woodſ and fieldeſ, raiſe them out of their lodgingſ. Inthe meaneſcaſon, ſetting ſome valiant hunterſ to keepe the netſ. VWhen the beaſt per— ceiverhthathe iſ ſought after, vp he ſtarteth, looking about him like an euill ſpirit where he may devoure, but being terrified withthecry of men, and purſued by a multivudeo greedy Dogſ, forth he runacthin ſome of hiſ vſuall waieſ, carefully looking behind him to awuoide the traine that followeth, vntill he fall faſt encloſed into the Hunterſ netſ, then commeth the keeper of the netſ, and woundeth him with hiſ Boare—Speare, aſ I ſayde be— fore but ifit fortune that hee fall out of the Netteſ, or neuer commeth to them, then muſt they proſecute him, both Men and Doggeſ , vntill they have wearied him, for ſuch iſ the heate of hiſ body , that he cannot long ſtand, andalthough he ſhalllodgchim— ſelfe in ſome mariſh or woodeſ where the hunterſ can haue no vſe of their netſ, yet MUW of the Swine. they not beafraid to approch vnto him, and with ſuch hunting inftromentſ aſ they haue. ſhew the magnitudeand courage of their mind, by attaining their game by the ſtZcn ſictſi: of hand, when they are deprived from the help of Art : And to couclude, the ſame dcui%:; dfljgcncc,'labouctr, proſcCuFion, and obſcruationſ, are tobee vied in the hſiſimzing of(f .; Boare, which are preſctibed for the hunting of the Hart . It ſildome falleth out that c;*' pigſ of wilde ſwineare taken, for they run and hide themſelu Io ſelueſ among the leatieſ, and i eſwil aken, for they | c 2 he leaueſ, and in the woodſ, ſildome parting from their parentſ vntill their death, and aſ we haue ſaid al— ready,the cþiſſjs fighe ſiictur their young oneſ moſt irefully . For it iſ not with theſe aſ with the vulgar Swive, that they beate away their young oneſ for following them, butbecauſe they conceinue but ſildome, they ſuffer their piggeſ toaccompany them a \ſi\-ho}cſi:-ct ear:c & 10 And thuſ much for the violent and forceable hſincing ofBoareſ . Nowfollowerh tl};c arr" ficiall deuiſeſand pollicyeſ which haue bin inuented for the ſame purpoſe, whereb K; take chem without purſute of Dogſ, and firſt of all the ſame enginſ whichſiwcſihaſinc?rc. Poj:.im-e ſcribed ſortſſaking of the Hart, are alſo in vſe for taking of the Boare, and Pezraſ Greſtentiſ enſBqcre?, enſiſ ſneweth how a mulitude of Boareſ.may be taken together in oneditch;and firſtof all (heſaith) neere to the place where Boareſ maketheir abode, they ſow infome plain fieldſ akind offarting corne which hogſ louc, and about thatficld they makeahighand ſtron hedg of the boughſ of treeſ in the one part,ywhereof they leaune a great aapr,yct not altopf ther down to the ground At the time of the yeare when the graine waxeth ripe, theBoarſ gachcrthcreintoip greatnumber : nowright oner againſttheſaid gap on the otherfide * there iſ another little lowplace of the he dgeleſt, oner which the ſwine may eaſlily Ieaoc,. " When thewatch—man—hunter ſceth thefield full, he commeth alone and vnarmed to the firſt gap and therein heſtandeth lewring andmaking a terrible noiſeto affright the ſwineſ; now on the other ſide wherethe hedg iſ lefrlow ,there iſ alſo made a vaſtand deepeditch, the hogſ beingterrified with the preſence and noiſe of the hunter ,and ſeeing him ſtand in the place oftheir entrance; run too and frotoſeeke another eſcape,and fin'ding none, but that low place of the hedge bcfore the ditch, oner they prefſe headlong aſ faftaſ they can, and ſo falinto the treach onevpon another. Again, neere Rome thcrc%c diverſ that watch when the Moone ſhineth, ſet vp cerraine Iron inſtrinſ hfire, vato which the Boareſ and wilde ſwine will ap— and gaze vpen them ,and in the meaneſcaſon the hun— terſ which ſtand in ſecret come and kil them with their dartſ:and to conclude,in Armenia, thereare certaine black venemonſ Gſheſ, which the inhabitantſ take and mixe with meale and caſtthem abroad where boreſ and wild Swine didhant, by eating wherof aſalſo Hem— lockand Henbane, they are quickly poiſoned and dye : And thuſ muck we haue ſhewed outof Xenephon and other Authorſ,the ſencralwaieſ of hunting and taking of wild Swyne, þ"" **, a Now foraſmuch aſ the hunting thereofhath bin oftenſhewed to be dangerouſ both to by boner menand dogſ, I wil alittle addeſomchiſtorieſ concerning the death of them, which haue P"wtirſ. binkilled by Boareſ. For ifthat commeth not to paſſewhich Marz#/ writeth ; Thuſſer glandiſ aper populator,&r ilice multa, 49 Ampiger Actolefama ſecundafere, Quemmenſ intranit ſþlendenti cuſpide culter , Ppradataceſ nofiriſ inuidioſafociſ. I ſay if the Boare be not killed by men,the bunter iſ conſtrained many timeſto ſay with the Lydia in the ſame Poetſ Fulminioſþumantiſ apti [um dente perempta. Apulainſ reporteth,of one Leopolewmuſ that helonedthe wife of Th/ſſilleſ;now to the intent that he might poſſeſſehit,he tooke hir huſband abroad with him to the hunting of a boare, that vnder colour therof he mightkil him,and ſay the boreſlew him:Being abroad,thenetſ raiſed,& the dogſ looſed;there appeard vnto the a bore of a menſtrouſ ſhape, wonderfull ,, fatwith horrible haire,@ ckin ſet with ſtanding briſtleſ,cough vpon the back,& hiſ r.nop:h 2 continually Fſſimffling out aboundance of froath,& the ſound of hiſ gnaſhing tecthringing like the ratling of armor;hauing fire—burn ing cieſ, a deſpitefullooke,a violent f(?rch ande— tery way feruent: he ſlew the nobleſt Dogſ which fyrſt ſet vpon him, not ſtaying tillthey came to him, but he ſought out for them , breaking their cheekſ Zf legſ aſunder, euen aſ a dog vvill do ſomeſimall boneſ;then he trod doyvne the netſ in diſdaine, paſling by them Rrr 3 that 743 in the woodſ, and in the nighttime mentſ through which ther 1 30 proch, or atthe leaſtwiſe ſtand &ill oz T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. that offeredhim the firſt encounter, and yet remembring hiſ owne viger and ſtrength, turning backeagaine vpon them , firſt ouerthrowing them, and grinding them betwixthiſ teethlike Appleſ, atlength he meeteſ with Thrafilluſ, and firſt teareth hiſ cloth frombiſ backe, and thenlikewiſe tore hiſ body in peeceſ, and thiſ man I remember in thefirſt placeto be killed by thiſ monſter—Boare, wheather he waſ a beaſtor a man. Marz/a//in hiſ booke of ſpectacleſ remembretha ſtory of D/an4, whokilling of a wilde Sow with pig,the young oneſ leaped out of her belly,andthiſI thought good to rememberhere;although itbeſomewhat outof place; } Interceſaria diſcrimina ſeua Diana, Fixiſſer grauidam oum lewſ hac a ſuem , Exiliet partuſ miſcre de wvulnerematriſ, O'lucineferox hoe peperiſſet fuit ? Anſeuſ the father of Agapener waſ killed by the Ca//dowian Boare, aſ wehateſaid already. Carmon waſ ſlain by a boare in the Mountaine 77 moluſ. There waſ one Attaſ a Syrian.and anotheran Arcadian,and boththeſe were ſlaine by Boareſ, aſ Plutarch writeth in the life of Sertoriuſ . It iſ reported of one Atfeſ a Phryciam, thataſ he kept hiſ Sheepe hedid con— tinuallyſing ſongeſ in commendation of the mother of the Godſ, for which cauſe ſhe lo— ued him, honored him, and often appeared vnto him; wherin /upifer fell to be offended, andtherefore ſent a Boare to killA?zeſ. Rea after hiſ deathlamented him, and cauſed him to be buried honorably. The Phyygzanſ inhiſ remembrance did enery yeare in the ſpring time lament and bewaile him. 8 Adentſ alſo, the Lemon of Venuſ iſ fayned of the Poctſ to bekilled by a Boare: and yer Maerebiuſ ſaith, that it iſ an alegory of theſunne & the Winter, for Adonijſ fignifieth the Simne,and the Boare, the Winter : for aſ the Boare iſ a roughe and ſharpe beaſte, Iy— uing in moyſtcold, & placeſ couered with froſt,& doth properly line vpon winter fruitſ, aſ Acorneſ, ſo he iſ the fitteremblem for Winter,that iſ ,a denourer of the Sunneſ heat, and warmth, both which fall away by death fromall l1uing creatareſ . When Tuzhraſ aKing pf Myſſ went to kunt in the Mountaine 7%»4///@, he ſtarted a huge great Boare, which heand hiſ gaurdfollowed and hunted vnto the Temple of D/am4 Ortho/ia, wherin— totheBoare entered forſanctuary. The pooreBeaſtſecing the Hunterſ athand, cryed out with the voyce ef a man : Par— 3 er 6 rex pecidi dea. OKing ſpare Dianayeſ Boare : but the King being nothing at all mo— ued therewith, flew him in the Temple; which wickedneſſe the Godſ could not endure, and therefore firſtof all ſhe reſtored the Boare to life, and afterwardeſ affli@ed theKing \l:ith madneſſe, who waſ therefore driven into the Mountaineſ, and there linvedlike a caſt. When Zyrppe hiſ mother knew heereof, ſhe went to him into the Woodeſ, and carri— ed Gyraniuſ the prophet, who inſtruded him to pacific the Godſ by a ſacrifice of Oxen, which when it waſ performed the King recovered againe hiſ right minde; and {o hiſ mo— IG ther inremembrance thereof, built therea Chappell to D/#a#ſ4, and ſet thereupon the 49 piQure of a Beare in Gold, with a manſ mouth. There waſ alſo a cuſtome in ancient time for championſ and their fatherſ brethrenandkindred, to ſweare by a Boarecutin peeceſ. And thuſ much for the naturalland morrall ſtory of the Boarc, which I will conclude with thoſe verſeſ of Harace, deſcribing the prodigiouſ habitation of Boareſ in the waterſ, and Dolphinſ in the woodſ,,aſ if one had changed withanother 5 Delphinum (yluiſ appingit, fluiibuſ aprum, Ouivariarecupit remprodigialiter vnam. T he medicineſ of the wilde ſwine. Thereare declared a M.thingſ concerning, the remedieſ of Goatſ, but a larger and more ample power ſhalbeſhewn of awild beaſt of the ſame kind. Alſotheſameregardſhalbebad concerning theremedieſ of a tame Sow andawild Boare, yea of allother tame ang wfidc ® calieſ $O Oſlfſi)e Swine. 703 beaſts,tþat iſ,that the ſame or thingſ like to either of them may be ended, differing onely according to more or lcſſc,bcca'qſc theſame partſ of wilde beaſtſ liuing greleſſe xſi::*-xſz & colde then thoſe tha,r aretame. T hat which werepeat heere concerning the common re— medieſ of a bore and ſow tamed,in ſome ofthe partſ of them ,to wit the blood,the braine thecheekebone, the lungſ orlightſ,theliner,the gall,the anckle bone,the hoofe,the bing and vrine, iſ not in the ſow repeated before. " & The braineſ of.a bore taken withblood,iſ very much commended againſt the bitingſ ofſerpentſ. Againe, the braineſ and blood of a boare, doethhelpe thoſe that feare the comming of carbuncleſ. The lard and fat of a bore being ſodden and bound faſt toge— , ther, doth with a wonderfull celerity make firme thoſe boneſ that are broken, The far of abore mingled with hony and Rozin, iſ very mauch commended againſthe biringeſ of Serpentſ. The fat of a wild Bore mingled withthe fat of the lungſ or lightſ, doth very much pro— fitthoſewhich haue their feet broken or bruſed by any miſchance. The fat of a Bore be— ing mixed with oile of Roſeſ,iſ very good for thoſe that are troubled wich bliſterſ or pu— ſheſ, it being annointed thereupon. The braineſ of a Bore iſ very profitable for carbun— cleſ, and the paineſ of a manſ yard, The braineſ of a Boare being bruſed very ſmall in hony, and put thereto , doth wonderfully make it ſound. The braineſ of a Bore ſodden & drunke io Wine, doth eaſe all the paineſ and greefeſ. There are more thingeſ ſpoken . concerning the remedieſ of the braine in the medicineſ of the ſowe. The aſheſ of the ebecke—bone of a Boare, doeth cure thoſe vicerſ which doc encreaſe bigger by little and little. Allo rheſame thing doth make firme thoſe boneſ that are broken. The lungſ ot lightſ of a Bore mixed with hony, and put vpon the feet after the manner of a mollyfiengem— plaiſter, they ſhall bee freed from allexnlcerationſ. Dio/edrideſ alſo doth commend the lungſ or lighteſ of Soweſ, lambeſ , and Beareſ. The liver of a Borg being new killed and ſeorched by a fire, and beaten to powder, and ſo being taken in wine, iſan eſpeciallreme— die againſt the bitingſ of Serpentſ and Doggeſ. Theliver of a Bore being olde and drun— ken in wine with rue, it iſ very much commended again{t the bitingſofſerpentſ. The Fi— breſ of the liner of a bore, and thoſe eſpecially which are neareſtto the enteraunce ofthe galland liner, being taken in Vineger or rather wine,iſ much profitable againſtthc bitingſ of Serpentſ. Theliuer of a bore iſ good to reuinethoſe whoſe ſpiritſ are drouſie. The liner of a bore dothmuch profit, being ſtopped in the eareſ, for thoſe that are trobled with Apoſtumeſ —orany running ſoreſ therein. The liuer of a bore being new killed and drunken in wine, iſ very effectualagaintt the looſeneſſe of the belly. There are certaine little ſtoneſ in the li— trer of a bore, aſ there iſ in a common or vulgarſow, or at leaſtwiſe like vnto little ſtoneſ, and they are alſo white, which being ſodden and taken in wine are very effectuall again® the diſeaſe of the ſtone. Thou ſhalt read many more thingeſ concerning the remedieſ of the liver of a bore in the medicineſ of the ſow. The gall of a bore iſ very much commen— 4 ded for Wenneſ or ſwellingſ in the necke. The gall ofaborebeing mingled with Roſin and Waxe, doth cure thoſevicerſ which doencreale biggerand bigger. The gallofa bore, and Lambeſ milkc,b_cing mingled to— gether, and dropped in the eareſ, iſ very profitable for all paineſ therein. The bpdy of a manþbeing annointed with the gallofabore, doth ſtirrehim vp to carnal copulation. The gallof a bore being mingled with ſuet, and applyed vpon every ioynt of the body , doeth immediately cure all paineſ of the gout.We hane declaredalſo many thingſ in the medi— cineſ ofthe Sow, concerning the remedieſ of the gall of a bore. The ſtoneſ of a boare be— ing eaten, iſ very good againſtthefauling ſickneſſe, or the ſtoneſ of a bore being taken in Mareſ milke or water , iſ alſo very effectual againſt the ſame diſeaſe. The hoofeſ of abore 50 being burned to aſheſ, and ſprinkled vppondrinke, and ſo raken, doeth very much helpe thoſe that cannot caſily make water, cSrtſ, . 1 The hoouce of a bore being burned, and beaten to powder, and given in drinke,iſ very effeQuallagainſtthe ſtopping of vrine. The hooueſ of a bore or ſowbeing burned and gi— nen to drinke in wine, iſ very much commended for thoſe that cannot holde their vrine , 5 J ' in I 2 | | ,;Z 44.4. The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Pliny, Marcelluaſ Sextuſ, Sextuſ Atarcelinſ, intheir ſleepe. The dung of a ſow (which lineth in the woodſ) belug dryed and drunke in water and wine, doth ſtay the voiding of blood, and doth caſe alſo old paineſ of the ſideſ; And againe being taken in Vineger, it doth ſtayal ruptureſ and convulſion,and alſo be— ing mingled with thelirrup ef roſeſ, it doth remedy or helpe thoſe placeſ which are out ofjoynt. The dung of a Bore being new made and hot, iſ a ſpeciall remedy againſt the flux of blood which yAueth forth of the Noſtrilſ. The dung of a Bore being mingled in Wine, and applyed after the forma;e of an cmplaiſtcr,d_o preſently draw away and make ſound a. ny thinge which cleaueth to the Body. It being alſo bruſed and ſoddeawith hony,,and afterwardſ kneaded like Dow , and ſo applyed to the ioyntſ, doth eaſeall paineſ that ariſe therein. An emplaiſter made of the dung of a Bore, iſ very profitable againſtall venemouſ bi— tingſ,for it draweth forth the poiſon. Allether vicerſ are filled vppeand clenſed with the dung of a Bore, except thoſe which ariſe in the thigheſ. The dung of a bore dried and bea— ten to pouder, and ſprinkled vpon drinke, doth cure all paineſ of the ſideſ.Againe,it bee— ing dryed and beaten to pouder, and adminiſtered in wine, doth not onely cure the paine in the Spleene,but alſo the paine in chckid{\ics, The dung of a bore being burned to the aſheſ, and given to drinke in wine, dotheaſe all paineſ in the knceſ and leggeſ . The dung ofa bore new made and annointed vpon thoſe placeſ that are out of ioynt, iſ veric profi. able for them. The dung of a field—bore, mixed withbrimſtone, and taken in Wine, and ſtrained Pitch, iſ very commendable for paineſ in the Hipſ. The dunge of a borebeing mingled with wine, and afterwardeſ flmilȝcd, and ginen to drinke, about the meaſure of two little cuppefulſ at a time, doth ſpeedily helpe thoſe which are trovbled with the g5r— dtica. Italſo being ſodden in Vineger and Honey, doeth mittigateall paineſ that riſe in the feet or anckleſ. The dung of a Boreburned te aſheſ, and ſprinckled vpon wine luke—warm, and ſo given to drinke, doth helpeallthoſe that are troubled with the bloody flixe. The reſtofthe remedieſ which concerne the dung of a Bore ,thou ſhalt finde in the medicineſ ofthe ſow. The vrine of a Bore mingled withhony and Water, and ſo taken, iſ a ſpeciall go 0 remedy for theſe that are troubled with the fauling fickneſſe. 30 Againe, the vrine of a Bore being taken in ſweet Vineger, doch drine out thoſethingſ whichare dried in the bladder. The vrine of a Borebeing kept in a glaſſe, doeth cureal diſeaſeſ and paineſ int he eareſ , but it iſ eſpecially profitable for thoſe which cannot hear. Thevrine of a Bore being kept in a glaſſe, and made luke—warme, and dropped into the eareſiſ a ſpeciall remedy for all Apoſtumeſ that are therein. The vrine of a Bore which iſ kept long, iſ farremaore profitable, if ſo be , that it bee kept in a veſſell of glaſſe. Againe the vrine of a Bore being dryed in ſmoake, and moiſtened with hony,and ſo poured into thecareſ, doth cure the deafenceſſe of the eareſ. The vrine of a Bore and oile of Cypreſſe, each of them being equally mingled and madeLuke warme, iſ alſo good for the{ame di— ſeaſe. The vrine of a wilde Bore alſo iſ of the ſame force and vertue. The bladder of a wilde 42 Bore doth ſlay the incontinency of the vrine , if itbe caten, roſted, or boiled. The blather of a Goate being burned to powder, and givien to drinke in water and wine, iſ very good and profitable fortho{e which eannot make water eaſily, The vrine of a Bore bein gdrun— ken, doth helpe thoſe that are troubled with the ſtone in the bladder, but it iſ more effe— &ualifit befirſt of all mingled with the dung. Thebladder of a Bore, moiſtned with the vreine, and hung vp vntill the wateriſh humor commeth foorth, and then boiled and gi— uen to thoſe which are Truculent withthe Stramge;, iſ veric profitable and good for them. The bladder of a boare being dried and given in drinke, iſ very profitable' for thoſe which are troubled with paineſ in the bladder and wringingeſ of the gutſ. The vrine of a 5* tame Bore hung vp in the ſmoke in the bladder of a ſow, and mixed with drinke, iſ verye profitable for thoſe that are troubled with the Strangury. The vrine of a Bore or at leaſt wiſethe bladder being giver in drinke , hath cured thoſe which haue bin troubled with the Hidropſey aſ ſome doſay: The vrine of a Bore being taken in drinke, iſ very good for thoſe that aretroubled with he ſtone *The Of the T atuſ. Now foraſmuch alſo aſ hunterſ are hurt by ſome, I thought it good to ſet down what remedieſ iſ fit for them. Therefore the woundeſ made of themare daungerouſ bevauſe they are not c_oncly deepe, but alſo large and great, and it iſ alſo impoſſible to bri1w them to agluttination with medicineſ, for the lipſ of the woundſ which iſ made by con?uſion are cut off, and burred. They vſeamutuall gnaſhing and ſtriking oftheir teeth together, aſ it were againſt a whetſtone, totake reueng vpon thoſe which purſue and follow? thcm, Thereforethey cauſe a certaineſcab to grow vpon the lipſ of tbe wound, wherefore it iſ meet to vſe a ſuppurative and not a gluttinatiue maner of cure in them. ftis meet to vſe in running and moiſt vicerſ, not hot thingſ but cold,both in Winter and Summer. For it iſ an eaſie marter for a Boare to hurt a Horfſein the inſide of hiſ knee in the ,timcſiof hiſ hunting, wþxch doth breed to a wateriſh vicer, and there doth alſo follow a ſwelling, To thiſ cold thingſ iſ to be applyed,and it iſ to be cured by anointing it with a medicin which iſ called Dachaleantheſ, or the head of a Dog,being burned without the tongue ,and bea— ten into powder, and ſo to be applyed after the manner of a Cazrapleſe . And thuſ much concerningthe medicineſ of the Bore. OFE—_THE—.TATVS, OR GVINEAN B ESA 5 T Hiſ iſ a foure—footed ſtrange Beaſt, which Be/lowivſ ſaith,he found in Twrchia, among the mounte.bankeſ and Apothi— carieſ. It iſ brought for themoſt part out ef the new—found world, and out of Ga/nia, and may therefore beſafely con— neyed into theſe partſ, becauſe it iſ naturally coucred with aharde ſhell, deuided and interlined likethe finſ offiſheſ, outwardly ſeeming buckled to the backelike coanarmor, within which, the beaſtdraweth vp hiſ body , aſ a Hedghog doth within hiſ prickled ſkin ; and therefore I take it to be a ——__ Braſiltan Hedghog. It iſ not muchgreater then a little pig, and by the ſnout,earſ, legſ, and feet thereof, it ſeemeth to be of thatkind,ſauing thacthe ſnout iſ a litle broader,& ſhorter then a pigſ,and the rail very long like a Lizardſ or ratſ, and the fime conered alouer with a cruſt or ſhel.The gaping of the mouth iſ wider then a ſwineſ; and one of theſe being brought into France, did live vpon the eating of ſeedſ.and fruteſ of the Gardenſ, butitappeareth by that piure,or rather the Skinne ſtuffed, which Adrianuſ Marcilliuſ the Apothecary of Vimeſ,ſent vnto Geſner , from whence thiſ pict— turcheere expreſſed waſ taken, that the feetethereofare not cloucn into two par%cs like | Swine, 795 06 The nameſ of Tigerſ, Ofthe river Tigryſ. The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. ſwine, but rather into many like Doggeſ,for vpon the hinder feete there are fiye toeſ, and vpon the forefeete fowre, whereot twoareſo ſmal that they are ſearſe viſible. The bredth of thatſame ſkin waſ about ſcuen ſingcrs, and the length of it two ſpanſ, the ſhell or cruſt vpon the backe of it did not reach downe vnto the rumpe or taile, but broke off aſ it were vpon the hipſ,ſome foure fingerſ from the raile. The Merchantſ aſ I haue herd and Cittizenſ of London keepe of theſe with their Garden wormeſ. Of the Aiochtochth. Here iſ another beaſt that may bee compared to thiſ, (whereofCardapuſ writeth,) and hee calleth the name of it Afezochth. It iſ a ſtran gecreature, 21 found in Hiſþanta noua,neare the river Alparadeſ, being not greater then || a Cat, hauing the bilor ſnowt of a Mallard? thefeetof a He dge—hog, and !Wektp]| a very long necke. It iſcoucred aloug with a thelllike 1hccrappingcs of a horfle, divided aſ in a Lobſter and not continued aſ in an Oyſter ; and ſo coucred heere with, that neither the necke nor head appeare plainely, but onely the eareſ; and the Spa. niardſ for thiſ cauſe callit Armazo and Comtexto: There beſome doeaffirme that it hath a voice like ſwine,but the feetthereofare not indeed ſo clouen;thatthey remaine vnequal, butareliketo a horſeſ , Imeanethe ſeueral cloucſ. There are of theſe aſ I haue hearde to beſeene in Gardenſ in London,which arekept to deſtroy the Garden wormeſ. OF THE THIGER. He worde Tigr# iſ an Armenian wotde, which ſignificth ſi both a ſwift Arrow, and a great river , and it ſhould ſeeme J3\| that the name of the river T7g7# waſ therefore ſo called, 27 . \| becauſe of the ſwiftneſ thereof, and it ſeemeth to be deri— C7Z ;ſi\\J ved from the H/brew word G# and Griera ,which fignifie Ey| a dart. AMunſter alſo in hiſ DiGionary of three languageſ doth interpret Tig70ſ for a Tzge7 ,and A/ai.In the 4.. of Z0b, c|| the word Zaiſk by the Septuagintſ iſ tranſlated Muyzmele— on, and by S.Zerom Tigriſ. The Teweſ call the ſame beaſt Pheradei, which the Greecianſ call Tigrizand althepeople of Exrepetowhomthiſbeaſtiſ a ſtranger, callitaftcr the Greeke name, aſ the Italianſ Tigre and T%g74, the French /p Tigre, and the Germaineſ Tigerthier. Now, concerning the name of the river T777, which becauſe it joyneth in affinity with thiſ beaſt, it iſ neceſſary that I ſhould ſay ſomething in thiſ place, becauſe thatwee finde in holy ſcripture that it iſ one of the foure riverſ which runneth through Paradice, whichaccording to 2/ephmſ, maketh many compaſſeſ and windingſ in the world, and at laſt fauleth into the redde ſea, and they'further ſay that there iſ no river of the world that runneth ſo ſwiſtly aſ thiſ: And therefore Tigriſ vocatyr , id eſt Sagitta, quod inculum vel Sa— gittam velocitate aquet : That iſ, It iſ called a Tiger, a Dart, or Arrow , becauſe it runneth aſ faſtaſ an Arrow fly eth: and for thiſ cauſe wee finde in Theoeri#@ſ, that a river in Sivilia waſ called A/%ſ, thrt iſ : Spiculum, a dart. Some of the poetſ doe derive the name of the river Tig7/ſ from thiſ Tiger the wilde beaſt, whereupon theſe Hiſtorieſ are told. They ſay, that when Bacehwſ waſ diſtraded & put out of hiſ witſ by Z076, aſ he wandered too and fro in the world, he came to the riner Sylax (which waſ the firſt name of thiſ water) and being there deſirouſ to paſſe oner, but foundeno meanſ to accompliſh it, Iupiter in commifſeration of hiſ eſtate did ſend vnto him a Tiger, who did willingly take him vpon hiſ backe, and carry him ouer ; Afterwarde Bacchuſ called thatſwift river by the name of that ſwift beaſt, Tiger. Otherſ do report the tale thuſ. When pioniſi@ſ fellin loue with the Nymph Alpheſiboeſ whom by no meanſ cither by promiſeſ,intreatieſ, or rewardſ he could allure vnto bim, at laſt he turned him— ſelfe IQ 29 39 49 9 P " ) ffiſictſſbſſ y " 1 t u Wþ! W TTt ( /) ſeifeintoa Tiger, and ſo oppreſſing the Nimphbthrough feare, did carry her ouer that ri— t ver, and there begot vpon her hiſ ſonne Med@ſ, who when he came to age, remembring the fa of hiſ father and mother, called the name ofthe river 7%47», becauſe of hiſ Fa— 30 therſtranſformation. But to leave thiſ matter aſ not woorth the ſtanding vpon, whether | the rivier waſ called after the name of the beaſt, or the beaſtafter the name of the riner,or rather both of them after the name of the dart or ſwift Arrow, we wil proceed to the na— turall ſtory of the Tiger, commending that to the Readerſ indgement which iſ eſſentiall to thiſ ſtory,contayning in it neceſſary Jearning, and garniſhed with all probabilitie. Firſt of all therefore Tigerſlike Lyonſ are bred in the Eaſt, South, and het countrieſ, Somiie becauſe their generation deſireth aboundance of heate, ſuch aſ are in Zadin andneare the Ereraieg: red. Sea, and the people called Aſ/awg@ or Beſirgz which dwell beyondthe river Gamgeſ, Tigerſ. aremuch troubled and anoyed with Tigerſ. Likewiſe the Praſzayſ, the Hercaniaxſ and the Armentanſ. Apoloniuſ withhiſ companionſ traycling betwixt Hiphaſirand Gangeſ , ſaw 4 many Tigerſ. In 3arigaz@ and Dachinabadeſ, which iſ beyond the Mediteranian region ofthe Eaſt, there are aboundance of Tigerſ and all other wilde beaſkeſ, aſ Arr/emxzſ wri— teth. In Fiſpaniola, Ciamba, and Guanaſſa, Peter Martyr ſaith, by therelation of a Spani— ard inhabiting there, that there are many Lyonſ and Tigerſ. a The zud/anſ ſay, thata Tiger iſbigger then the greateſt horſe, and that for ſiſirengt.—ſi] Quantitie of and ſwiftneſſethey excellall other beaſteſ. There be ſome which hauve taken them for Ti— Tigerſ. gerſ, which are called Theeſ, greater then Lionſ,and leſſer then the Indian Tigerſ, aſ it were twice ſobigge aſ Lyonſ ; but Iratheragreetotherclation of ArrianuſStrabo, Me— Laſlineſ S: Mearcuſ for they ſay that a T yger fearerh hot an Elephant,& thſiuf one of them , hatb beene ſeene to flye vpon the head of an Elepbantand df:uom:xt : and that among '* the Praſianſ when foure men led one of theſe Tigetſ tamed, by the way they met with a Mule, and that the Tiger tooke the Mule by the hindcſiiſſigg'ct*, drawing him after him in hiſ teeth, nowwithſtanding allthe force of the Mulc and hiſ foure Icz?_ſſxfiz\*—ſil_l:ſibvfflo ature alſo : and if any have o * PL: 1 þ{ me aſuffici umentnor onely of hiſ ſiſc}l—'*ſigth) but of hi e Ey ® 2 > re t v J 4 e tt auare aSa y4 3 been ſeen of leſſer ſtature,they haue been miſtaken either for the Z/@xeſ,or for the Thoeſ. C "— " + The ſeverall Oppianuſ. 7 be Epithitſ. Their food. Ahiſtory Their copu. lation an generation, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. Theſimilitude of the body of thiſ Beaſltiſ like to a Lioneſſeſ, for ſo iſ the face and mouthſthe lower part of the forcheade, and gnaſhing or grinning teeth, and allkinde of creatureſ which are rauening ,are footed like a cat, their necke ſhort, and their ſ»kinſ full offportſ, not round like a Pantherſ , nor yet dinerſ coloured,but altogether of one colour and ſquare, and ſometimeſ long, and therefore thiſ beaſtand the Panther are of ſingu— larnoreamong all thefoure—footed : yet Solinuſ and Senece ſeeme to bee of opinion that their ſpotteſ are ſometimeſ of dinerſ colourſ both yellow andblacke, and thoſe long like rodſ in thefeſayingſ : Tividant variſ peGora Tigreſ. And againe : & + to Vhera viergatufarecaſpia. "And cilirſſaith : Corpore virgato Tigriſ. It were needleſſe to ſpeake of their crooked claweſ, their ſharpe teeth, and deuided feet, their long taile, agilitye of body, and wildeneſſe of nature whiclHfgetteth all their foode by hunting. It hath beene falſely beleeued, that all Tigerſ befemaleſ, and that thereare no maleſ among thent, and that they engender in copulation withthe wind; whereupon Camerarinſ made thiſ witty riddle in hiſ Rhetoricalexerciſeſ : A filuuio dicor , fluwinſ vel divitur ex me Iunltag, ſemvento,vento velotior ipſo 46 Et mili dat ventuſ mateſ, nec quaro mearitoſ, The Epithiteſ of thiſ beaſteſ are theſe : Armeniay Tigerſ, ſharpe, Captetican, Hercanian, fierce, crucll, and wicked , yntamed , ſpotted , diverſ—coloured, ſtraked, bitter, rauenouſ, Affrican,greedy, Caſpian, Carceſian, Cancaſcan ,Indean, Partheany Marſian, ſtreight—foo— ted, madde, ſtiffe, fearefull, ſtrong, foaming, and violent, withmany ſuch otherſ, aſ are eaſie to be found in euery Author. The voice of thiſ beaſt iſ cald Rapkizg, accordingto thiſ verſe : : Tigrideſ indomita rancant yugiuntg, leoneſ. Now becauſe that they are ſtrangerſ in Europeaſ we haue ſaidealready, neuer breeding in that part of the world, and aſ ſildome ſeen, we muſt be conſtrained to make but a ſhort ſtory ofit, becauſe there are not many diverſ thingeſ concerning the nature of it , and in the phyſicke none at all. For the manner of their foode, they prey vppon all the greateſt beaſtſ , and ſildome vpon the ſmaller, aſ Oxen, Hartſ, and Sheepe,but Hareſ and Conieſ they let alone. Itiſreported by Plyzarch, of a tame Tiger that waſ brought vp withaKid, the ſaid kid waſ killed and laide before him to eat, but he refuſed it two daieſ together, and the third day opreſſed with extremity of hunger, by her ranking and crying voice ſhe made ſigneſ to her keeper for other meate, who caſt vnto her a cat, which preſently it pulled in peeceſ and devouredit. The like ſtory voto thiſ we hane ſhewed already in the Panther. Gene— rally the nature of thiſ beaſt, iſ according to the Epithiteſ of it, ſharpe, vntamed, cruell, 48 and ranenouſ , never ſo tamed, but ſometimeſ they returne to their former natureſ, yet the Zwdianſ do euery year give vnto their king tamed Tigerſ and Pantherſ, and ſo it com— meth to paſſe, that ſometimeſ the Tiger kiſſeth hiſ keeper aſ Sezece writeth. In the time of their luſtthey are very raging and furiouſ, according to theſe verſeſ of Virgill: . Per [jlvaſ tum [aunſ aper ,tum peſſima Tigriſ Hew male cum libyc,f oliſ erratur in age1ſ . They ingender aſ Lyonſ do, and therefore I maruell how the fablefirſt came vppE, that they were all femaleſ and had no maleſ amongethem,,and that thefemaleſ concei— ® ued with young by the Weſtwind, we have ſhewed already in the ſtory of the Dogſ,that the /»dian Dogge iſ engendered of a Tigerand a Dogge, and ſo alſo the FZereaian dogſ: Whereby it iſ apparant, that they do not onely conceiue among themſelueſ, but alſo in a mingled race. The male iſ ſildome taken , becauſe at the ſight of a man hee runneth a— way , & leaucth the female alone withher yong oneſ, for he hath no care of the VW hclpz an » 58 a Sar Of the Tyger. thiſ occafion I thinke that the ſableſ firſt camevp thatthere wereno maleſ among erſ <) The female bringeth forth many at once like a Bitch , which ſhe nouriſheth m, and defending them like a Lioneſſe from theHun— ken. It iſ reported by Aeliannſ,that when grow into ſuch a rage and madneſſe, that in her den very carefully,louing ther [crſis,\-fhcrc-by ſhe iſ many timeſ enſnared and ta they heare the ſound of Belſ and Timbrilſ, they they ceare their owne fleſh from their backeſ. For the taking of Tigerſ , the Indianſ neare the Riner Gangeſ hanve a certaine Hearb grow ebe g like Bugloſſe, which they .take and preſſe the inyce out of it, thiſ they pre— dethem,and in ſtillfilent calme pightſ,they poure the ſame downat the mouth be Tigerſ den, by vertuewhereofit iſ ſaid the Tigerſ are continually encloſed, not da— it through ſome ſecret oppolition innature, but famiſh and dye, broughintollerable bunger, ſo great iſ the ſmiftneſſe of thiſ beaſt, Iready, thatſome have dreamed it waſ conceined by the wind. For ceſthorſeſ and namely thehorſleſ of Dardanuſ,are likewiſe fabled to be begot— tenby.the Nowhern wind, {o the Tigerſ by the Weſt wind. ore they areneuer taken but in defence of their yotgoneſ,neither iſthere any beaſk to vpon preying o ſwiſt aſ they: Selam Tigrim: Indiſ in ſuperabilem eſſe dicunt, quo— dicelevitate, qua ventoſ equare dicitur, econſpeCu anfugit, Onely the Tiger, the uer bee cong d, becauſe when he iſ hunted he rupneth away out of icwind, For thiſ cauſe they dili gently ſeeke out the caueſ and denſ of the g oneſ are lodged, and then vpon ſomeſwift Horſſeſthey take away : when the female Tiger returneth and findeth her den empty, ter them by the foot, whom ſhe quickly onertaketh, by reaſon of Tigerſ wh mand ca inter ſceing her at hand, cafteth downe one of her Whelpeſ: the diſtreſſed an— eaſt knowing that ſhee can carry but one at once, firſt taketh vp that in her mouth, ntented with that one, returneth with it to her lodo— ydit vp ſafe, backe againe ſhe returned like the wind to purſue the Hunrer ſiduc, who muſt likewiſe {et her downeanother if hee haue not gor into hiſ ſhip, or except the Hunterbeneazxe the Water ſide, and haue a ſhip ready, the will ferchthem [l from him, one by one, or elſe it wil coſt him hiſ life: therfore that enterpriſe iſ vnderta— teſt Horſeſ in the World, except the Waterſ come betwixt the bunter and the Tiger: And the maner of thiſ beaſtiſ, when ſhe ſeeth that her young oneſ areſhipped away, and ſhee for euer deprivedofſecing or haning them againe, ſhe ma— keth ſe ation vpon the Sea ſhoare howling, braying, and rancking,that ma— ny timeſ ſhe dyeth in the ſame place, but if ſhee recouer all her young oneſ againe from the hunterſ, ſhee departeth with vnſpeakeable ioy, without taking any renenge for their offered iniur v. Forthiſ occaſion, the hunterſ do deviſe certaine round ſpheareſ of glaſſe, wherein they Gure their young oneſ very apparant to beſcene by the damme, one of theſe they caſt downebefore her at herapproch, ſhe looking vppon it, iſ deluded, and thinketh thather Young oneſ are encloſed therein, and the rather, becauſe through the roundneſſe there— ofit isſſſſspt to rowleand ſtir at euery touch ,,thiſ ſhe driveth along backewardſ to ber den, and there breaketh it with her feete and nazleſ , and ſo ſeeing that ſhe iſ deccivued,retur— nethback againe after the hunterſ for her true Whelpſ; whileſt they in the meane ſeaſon areſafely harbored in ſome houſe , or elſe gone on ſhipboard. Itiſ reported by Iah.rzjzms Ledeſmg a Spaniard thiſ excellent ſtory of a male & female Tiger. In the Hand DPariene, ftanding in the oxidental Ocean ofthenew found world fome 8. daieſ ſaile fr5 Hiſhdfllffl_[ct- ut (ſaith hey in the yeare of our Lord 15 14 that the ſaid Iſland waſ ann(_)yed with ,amale and a female,forhalfe a year together ,ſo that there waſ no night free, butthey loſt ſome of their cattell, either a Horſle, or an Oxe, or a Cowe, or aMare,ora f o inc, and in the time that there young oneſ didſuck, it waſ not ſate for men to the day time, muchleſſe in the night, but they denvoured a Men, if they did neete with another Beaſt Atlength the countrey th uſ opprcſſcd 3 nec'c{ſiſxry Couſtrained them to deviſe a remedy ,& to try ſomg ?csſin*cs to mitigate their ca!am:uesct, f where— ) 8 o o in o 40 ruere ardet fv:roy:,, Sic dubiuſ perſeuſ dextra lenaue feratur. Inancient time theſe Tigerſ were dedicated to Barchuſ, aſ all ſported beaſteſ were, and that theſaid Tygerſ did draw hiſ Charziot whileſt he did holdthe raineſ; therefore Owid ſaith thuſ 5 Bacchuſ in curru quem ſummum texerat uniſ, Tigribuſ adiunitiſ anrea lora dabat. And Horacein thiſ manner ; 40 Hac te meyentem Bacchipater tuſ, Vexere Tigreſ in docili ingum collo trahenteſ. Tigerſ, notwithſtanding their great mindſ and vntamable wildneſſe hauebeentaken,and brought in publikeſpectacle by men,and the firſt of all that ever brought them to Rome waſ Anguſtuſ, when Ouintuſ Tubero, and Fabiuſ Maximuſ were Conſulſ, at the dedicati— on of the Theater of Marcelluſ; the which Tigerſ were ſent vnto him out of India, forpre— ſenteſ(aſ Dion writeth.y Aftervvardſ Clawdimſ preſented foure to the people; andlaſtly Heleogabaluſ cauſed hiſ chariotſ to be dravyne vvith Tigerſ, whereunto Aaz/a// alleuded . vwhen he ſaide 5 5 Pittogqnodinga delicata colle, Parduſ ſuſtinet improbeg, Tigraſ, Indulgent patientiam flagello. Ledeſmp of the Onicorne. I1 * zedeſma of whom we ſpake before affirmeth, that he did eate of the Tigerſ fleſh thatwaſ 20 taken in the ditch in the Iſland Dey/e»e, and that the fleſh thereof waſ notbing inferior to ©3:ing f T+— the fleſhof an Oxſi:, but the Zndeanſ are forbidden by the laweſ of their Countrey , to eat B any part of the Tigerſ fleſh, except the hauncheſ. And thuſ E willconclude thiſ ſtory of the Tiger, with the Epigram that Af7z/a// made of a Tiger, devouring ofa Lyon. Lambbye ſceuri dextram & conſueta magiſtri, £ Tigriſ ab Hyrcano glorta rara ingo. Sena ferum yabido lacerauit dente Leonem Reſ nowa non vlliſ cognita temporibuſ. Anſa eſt tale nibil ſyluiſ dum vixit in altiſ. Poſt quaminter noſ eft , pluſ feritatiſ habet. OF THE VNICORNE. ou ——K 35 Earenowcome to the hiſtory of abeaſt, whereofdiuerſ people in EBD—CA cucry age ofthe worlde hanemadegreat queſtion, becauſe of the 24 rare Vertueſ thereof; thereforeit behooucth vſ to vſe ſome dilli— — — ſ J — ken of thiſ beaſt, for the better ſariſfaGion offſuch aſ are now aliue, & and clearing of the point for them that ſhall be borne heereafter, whether there bee a Vnicorne; for that iſ the maine queſtion to be d&reſolued. Now the vertueſ ofthe horne, of which wewill make a particular diſcourſe by it ſelfe, haue bin the occaſion of thiſ queſtion, and that which doeth givethe moſt cuident teſti— mony vnto all men that haue euer ſeene it or vſed it, hath bred all the contention; andif there had not bin diſcſoſed in it any extraordinary powerſ and vertueſ, we ſhould aſ eaſi— ly belecue that there waſ a Vnicorne in the worlde, aſ we do beleeuethere iſ an Elephant Many beaſtſ althoughnot bredin Europe. To begin therefore with thiſ diſcourſe, by the Vnicorne :Z:Þ Oh;cfl';ſiſi: wee doe vnderſtand a peculiar beaſt, which hath naturally ſbut one horne, and that a very called Vni— ; rich one, that groweth out of the middleof the forcheade, for wee haue ſhewed in ({rher corneſ, partſ of the biſtory , that thereare diverſ beaſtſ that haue but one horne,and namely ſome a Oxen in adiz haue butone horne, and ſome haue three, and whole hooucſ. Likewiſethe Aſſzſiſi_ſſ 88 Bulſ of Aowia, are ſaide to have whole hooueſ and onchorne.growing out of the middle Oppraneſ, oftheir forcheadſ. ® —— Sff 2 Like— 1t I% gence in comparing togither the ſeuerall teſtimonieſ that are ſpo— \ I | ) Tht» T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. Likewiſe in the Citty Zeilſ of Ethiepia, there are Kine of a purple colour, aſ Ladenioyſ Romanuſmriteth, which have but one borne growing ont of their headſ, and that turnech vp towardſ their backeſ. Ce/ar waſ of opmipu that the Elke hadde but one horne,but we have ſhewed the contrary. It iſ ſaid that Pericleſ haſſd a ram with one horn,but thatwaſ bred by way of prodegy and not na'curallctvctszmem Sethivriteth, thatthe Muſkcat hath alſoone horne growing out of the forchead, but we haue l]]cwgd_alrcgdy that no man iſ of that o— pinion beſide himſelfe. Ac/iapuſ writeth, that there be Birdſ in Z24/ep/ſ hauing one horn on their forcheadſ;, and therefore arecald Pr/cormwuſ:and Alber?uſ ſaith, there iſ a fiſh cald Monoceroſ, and hath alſo one horne . Now our diſcourſe of the Vnicorne iſ of none of 1to 77 theſe beaſtſ, for there iſ not any vertueattributed to theirhorneſ, and therefore the vul— n ( +_gar fort of infidell people which ſcarcely belecue any hearbe but ſuch aſ they ſee in their / \A, . owne Gardenſ, or any beaſt but ſuch aſ iſ in their own flockſ, or any knowledge but ſuch aſiſ bred in their owne braineſ,or any birdſ which arenot hatched in their owne Neſtſ, } hane nener made queſtion of theſe, but'of the true Vnicorne, whereof ther were more —© Wherhſ, — 'ſiþroofcs in the world, becauſe of the nobleneſſe of hisſſ hornythey have euer bin in doubt: there be any" by which diſtraction, itappeareth vate methat there iſ ſomeſecret enemy in the inward Xſſſiſſſiio{;/fj_, ,| degenerate nature of man, which continually blindech the eieſ of God hiſ people, from e beholding and belecuing the greatneſſe of God hiſ workeſ. But to the purpoſe tharthere iſſuch a beaſt, the Scripture it ſelfe witneſſech, for Dawid thuſ ſpeaketh in the 9 2. Pſalme : E er/getwy corme menn tanquam Monoceretiſ. That iſ,my *9 horne ſhall beelitted vp like the horne of a Vnicorne ; whereupon all Diuineſ that euer wrote haue not onely collected that there iſ a Vnicorne , but alſo affirme the ſimilitude to be betwixt the kingdome of Da@idand the horne of the Vnicorne, that aſ the horne of the Vnicorne iſ wholeſome to all beaſtſ and: creatureſ, fo ſhould the kingdome of Dawid be in the generation of Chiriſt; And do we think that Danid would compare the vertue of hiſ kingdom ,& the powerfulredemption ofthe world vnto a thing that iſ not ,or iſ vncer tain and fantaſtical, God forbid that ener any wiſe man ſhould ſo diſpight the holy ghoſt. For thiſ cauſe alſo we read in S2//ſ5, that good men which worſhip God and follow hiſ laweſ, are compared to Vnicorneſ, whoſe greater partſ aſ their whole bodieſ ate vnpro— fitableand vatamable, yet their hornemaketh therm excellent : ſo in good men,alrhough 30 their fleſhly parteſ be good for nothing, and fall downe to the earth, yet their grace and piety exalteth theirſouleſ to the heavuenſ. Wehaue ſhewed already in the ſtory of the Rhinocerot, thar ®2re in Hxebrew fignif. eth a Vnicorne, although Muy/fer be of another opinion yet the Septuagintſ in the tran— he fubonſ ſlationof Deut. 33. do t_ran(ſſhreſi it a Vmcox:n, forthe R'rnnoc:::oc hath notone homſic, but nameſ iſ _two.Rabbz Solamon,Danid Kimbi, and Saadiuſ do alwaieſ take Reemſ & Karaſfor a Vnicorn, ſeript. proee and they derivue Reew from Row, which ſignificth Altitadinem height, becauſe the Horn Veiceneſ of the Vnicorne iſ lifted vpoo high. Hereunto the Arabianſ agree which call it Barkeron, and the Perſianſ z47k. The Claldeanſ Rew—w4. In the 39.of 20b, the Lordſpeaketh in thiſ maner to Iob : Nwmgqnid acquieſſet Monoceroſ vt ſeruiat tibt, ant vt moretur inxta praſepia tua ? Numguid ligabiſ Menocerotem fune ſwo pro ſulco faciendo, ant complinabit glenaſ valli— 43 am poſt te. That iſ to ſay , will the Vnicorne reſt and ſerue thee,or tarry beſidethy cratcheſ? canſt thon bind the Vnicorn witha halter to thy ploughto makefurrowſ,or will be make plaine the.clotſ of the vallieſ> Likewiſe in the prophecy of Eſay the 34.. chap. and in many other placeſ of Scripture, whereby God himſelfe muſt needſ be traduced, if therebeno Vnicorne in the world. Beſideſ the Atabianſ,aſ Aud. zellun. writeth, callthiſ beaſt Alchereeden, and ſay that it hath one horneiin the forchead which iſ good againſt poyſonſ . The Greetianſ callit Menokeroſ, from whence Pliny and allthe ancient Grammaarianſ doe callit M onoceroſ, yet the deuineſ both elder and later do name it by a more learned proper Latin word Va/cor— niſ. The Italianſ Alicorno,Vnicorno, Liocorno, Leecorne the French Licorneyche Spaniardſ The Lindſ ot #/?/697##0, the Germanſ E/phorne , and the Illirianſ Gedworozecz.: And thuſ muchfor the Vnicormeſ name. All our Exopean/Authorſ which writeof beaſteſ,, do make of the Vnicorne, diverſ kindeſ, eſpecially Pliny, Ludoniouſ Remeanuſ, Panlaſ Venetuſ, Nicholanſ Venetuſ, Acnedſ Sjluinſ, Albertuſ Magnuſ, out of whoſe wordſ we muſt gatber the beſt deſcriptionthatwe a ean a 0 Of the Vnicorne. can of the Ynicomc. Tihc Arcean Indianſ (ſaith Pliny) do bunt a certainewild beaſtwhich iſ very curſk vnm{nabſiczl_]au1ng one ho_me', which in the head reſembleth a Hart, in the feeran Elephant, intheraile a Borcj,?nd in thereſidue of the body a Horſe :the horne he faith, iſ aboſſuttwe cubitſlong, and thevoicelike thelowing ofofan Oxe,ſomewhat more ſhrul,\ andthey d'_ffly that \hls_ bfflſctf iſ ever takenaline. Aeli@onſ writeth herot inthiſ man— ner, there are (© !ſictfſi_h h_c) certame M(guntamcs inthe middeſt of India, vnto the whichthe paſſage iſ very difficult, where are abundance of wild beaſtſ, & among other Vnicorneſ, which the Indianſ callC#rz#az0%@75, who inthecir ripe agearcaſbig aſ a Horſſe, and their maneand haireſ are yellow , excelling in the celerity oftheirfeet and bodieſ, hauing feet 10 cloucn like an Elephantſ, thetaile of a Boare, and one blacke horne Ql'oWiHU:OUE betwixe their eic—broweſ, not ſmooth, but rough alloucr with wrinckleſ , and the !imc groweth to a moſt ſharp poior.cheſe thingeſ(ſaith Aelianwſ ) by comparing of whoſe wordeſ with Pliny, it iſ apparant they deſcribe intheſe wordſ butencand the ſamebeaſt, and ſo alſo doth Phy/eſ ; wherby T gather, that it iſno other beaſt then the wilde Aſſe; or at the leaſt the wilde Afſe commeth neareſt to the Vnicorne ofall otherſ, for they.agreein theſe thingeſ, firſt, in that boch of them haue one horn in the middle ofthe forchead,ſecond— ly, in that bo_th of them are bred in India, thirdly, in that they are bothaboutthe bigneſſe of a Horfle, fourtbly in their celerity and ſolitary life, fiſtly and laſtly in their exceeding ſtrength and vatamable natureſ; but herein they differ both in their feevzand colourſ; for 20 the feet of the wilde Affeſ are whole and not clouen like the Vnicorneſ, and their colour whitein their body , and purple on their head;and Ac/Zanw; ſaith, that thehorne alſo diffe< rethin colour from the Vnicorneſ, for the middle ofit iſ onely blacke, the roote ofit white, and the top of it purple, which ze/loymſ doth interpret, that the ſtperficieſ or vp— perface of the Horne iſ all purple, the inner parte white, and the inward part or middle blacke; but of thiſ Indian wilde Aſſe wehaue ſpoken already, and therefore I willaddeno— thing in thiſ place but the wordſ of Ph@/o//razw; in the life of Apolox@wſ, who writeth in thiſ manner. ſ Thereare many wilde Affeſ which are taken in the Fenſ, neare the river Hiphaſiſ in, whoſe forchead there iſ one horne,wherewith they fight like Bulſ, and the Indianſ ofthat o hornemake potſ, affirming that whoſoenuer drinketh in one of thoſe potſ, ſhall neuer take difeaſe that day , and if they bee wounded ſhiall fecleno paine, orſafely paſle throughthe fire without burning , nor yet be poyſoned in their drinke, and therefore ſuch cuppeſ are only in the poſſeſſion of their Kingſ, neither iſ it lawfull forany man except the King, to buntthat beaſt, and therefore they ſay that Appo/lowinſ looked vpon one of theſe beaſteſ, and conſideredihiſ nature withſtngular admiration. Now there waſ one Damiſ in hiſ company , who aſked him whether he did beleeue that the vulgar report ofthe Vnicornſ horneſ weretrue orno, Appolleniuſ made him thiſ aun— ſwer: Ad hibeo ſ huivſ regiontſ immortalem regemn eſſe intellexero, qui enivn mibi ant alteri eut quam poculum ita [alubre poteſt dare , nonne veri ſimile eft ipſum quotidicille vti, & ex eo cor— nufrequenter vel ad erapulam v/7, bibere, nemo enim v# puto illum caluminiabirur qui in talt pocule etiam incbrietur. That iſ to ſay , I would beleeuethat report if Ifound in thiſ coun» try a king that were immortalland could never dye,for if a man would gine me fuch a cup orany other man, do not you thinke that I would belecue he drunke in the ſame cup? and who would blame a man if he drunke in ſuch a cup tillhe were'drunk, for it werelawful to vſethat horne vnto ſurfetting ,whereby we may gather the mind of that wiſe man concer—= ning the Aſſeſ horn,and the Vnicornſ:namely, thatthey may give oneſome caſeagainſt 2ecidentall diſeaſeſ, although they cannot prolong a manſ life the ſpace of one day: theſe thingſ ſaid he. There be beaſteſ (ſaith A#/Zo#/e) aſ the Oryx and Indian Affe, which are armed vvith one horne, and the clonen footed Orix iſ no other then the whole ſf;@-:e' Afſe, for in the middle of their forebead they haue one horn,by which both l{d?s oftheir head are armed,Cu» medii pariter comune futr:ig:, extremo ſit.Becauſethe ml_dd;c iſ equally diſtant from both the extreamieſ, and the hooſe of thiſ beaſt may wel be ſaid to be clouen dwhole, becauſe the horne iſ of the ſubſtance of the hoofe, and the hoofe of the ſub— he Horre , and theretorethe horne iſ vwhole, and the Hoofe clonucn; for the cleauing either of thehorne or of the hoofe commeth through the defeG of nature, S$1t 3 and 0 78 Counttieſ of Vnicornſ. Thevſe of a Vnicorneſ horne, Other dif— courſeſ of the horne, T he Hiſtovie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. and therefore God hath given to Horfleſ and Aſfeſ whole heoueſ,bccauſe there iſ grea. reſt vſe of their Leggeſ, but vntoPnicormeſ a whole and entire Horne, thataſ the eaſeof meniſ procured by the helpeſ of Horſleſ,ſothehealthofthem iſ procured by the horne ofthewicorne:Theſethingſ (laith Ariſfarle, vAnd Straboallo writeth, that thereare Hor— ſeſ in /adia, which haue Hartſ headeſ; with one horne, of which horne their Princeſ make Cupſ, out of which they drinke their drinke againſt poyſon, and therefore by thiſ which hath beene ſayd itappeareth vnto me,that either the Indian Aſſe iſ a yrw/cerze; or differeth from it only in colour; and the obieCtion of the hooueſ iſ aunſwered by 4»///#%e. Vnto thiſ diſcourſe I willadde the tramaileſ of L#doniciſ Roman; wherein he ſaw two Pricorneſ at Meacha in Arabia, where Manhometſ Temple and Sepulcher iſ . There are preſerned (ſaith hey within the walleſ and Cloyſterſ of that Temple two Vricorzeſ, which by way of miraclethey bring forch to the people, and truely not without cauſe for theſight iſ wor— thy of admiration. Now theindeſcription ironthiſſort : one of them andthe elder waſ about the ſtature ofa Colt ot two yeareſ and a halfe olde, haninga horne growing out of hiſ forchead of two cubitſ length,;and the other waſ muchleſſe,for it waſ but a year old,and like 2 Coltof thatage, whoſe Horne waſ ſome foureſpanſlong, or there aboutſ . he colour of them waſ like 2 Weaſeled—coloured—horſe, the head like the head of a Hart, the neck not long, and the mane growing all on one ſide. The Leggeſſlenderandleane, like the Leggeſ of a Hinde, the hooucſ of the forefecte weretlonuen like a Goateſ feete, and the hinder Leggeſ are all hairy and thaggy with the outſide; theBeaſteſ although they were wilde, yer by Artor ſuperſtition, they feemed to betempered with no great wildneſſe, and it waſ ſaide that the King of Exhiopia, didſend them to the Sw/za» of Mecha, with whom he iſ conſtrained, to obſerue perpetuall amity. Now theſe Vnicorneſ are of another kinde then the Vnicorneſ of Pliny and Aelianuſ, be— cauſetheir Vnicorn hath a whole Hoofe, and thiſ clouen, but thiſ obieCtion waſ anſwered before: and although P/imy & Ari/fatle do acknowledge no other Vricorne then the Orix, whoſe Horne iſ blacke, aſ hard aſ Iron, and ſharp at the point, yet it iſ cleare that there iſ another Vnicorne beſideſ that. Now pPa#luſ Venetuſ ſaith, that in the kingdome of Baſwman, which iſſubieG to the great Cham,that there are Vnicorneſ ſomewhat leſſer then Elephantſ, hauing haire like Oxen, headſ, like Boareſ, feet like Elephanteſ, one Horne in the middle of their foreheadſ, and aſharp thorny tongue, wherewith they deſtroy both man and Beaſt , and beſideſ he ad— deth,that they muddle in the durt like Swine . Now if it were not for the Horne in the middle of the forchead, I would take thiſ Beaſt for a Rhinocerot , but becauſe the Horn of the Rhinocerot groweth out of the Noſe, Ideeme thiſ to be a ſecond kinde of Vnicorme, forthere iſ no man that ſhall read thiſ ſtory, but will thinke that the learned Authour had reaſon to diſcerne betwixt the eieſ and the forchead, and thereforethere can be no excep— tion taken to my obſeruation . Nicolanſ Venetuſ an Earle ſaith, that in Maſizupſ or Serica, that iſ , the Mountaineſ be— twixt India and Cathay,(aſ Aeneaſ Syluinſ writeth) there iſ a certain Beaſt hauing a Svvineſ head, an Oxeſ taile, the body of an Elephant (vvhom it doth not onely equall in ſkature, butalſo it linethin continuall variance vvith them) and one horne in the forehead: now thiſ if the Reader ſhball thinke it different from the former, I doe make the thirdkinde of a Vhnicorn, and I truſt there iſ no Wiſe—man that wil be offended at it: for aſ we haue ſhewed alreadyin many ſtorieſ, that ſundry Beaſteſ have not onely their diviſionſ, butſubdenui— ſionſ, into ſubalteſnal kindſ, aſ many Doggeſ, many Deere, many Horſſeſ,many Mice, many Pantherſ, andſuch like, why ſhould there not alſo beemany Vnicornſ . And if the Reader be not pleaſed vvith thiſ, let him either ſhew me better reaſon, (which Iknow hee ſhall neuer be able to doy or elſe beſide leaſt the vrtering of hiſ diſlike, bewray enuy and ignorance. Novvalthoughthepartſ of the Vnicorne be in ſome meaſure deſcribed,and alſo their Countryſ, namely, zediaand Ezhiopia, yet for aſ much aſ aliſ notſaid aſ may be ſaid,l willadde the reſidue in thiſ place: And firſt of al thereare two kingdomeſ, in India one called Arem, and the other Zamber or Lambri {both theſe are ſtored vvith Vnicomeſ : And 2@ 3@ 49 9 > 10 20 40 o Of the Vnicorne. And Aldiſinſ Cadamuſtuſ in hiſ fiſty Chapter of hiſbookelof: nauigation, writeth that there iſ a certaine region of thenew found wgrld, wherein are found liue Vnicorneſ; and to— ward thc-tſſai_\, and Soeth, vnder the EquinoSiall there (iſ aliving creature (with one horne'v\-hxcſin iſcrooked, andnot great)y having the head of a Dragon, and a beard vpon hiſ chin, lusſi necke loqg,jmd ſtretched out like a Serpertſ, the reſidue of hiſ body like to a Hartſ, ſauing that hiſ tcctc,ccl(_)ur, and mouth are like a Lyonſ: and thiſalfo A if not a fable or rgt!ſifcxſi' a monſter): may be a fourth kinde of Vnicorneſ; And concerning the hCſFzCS o\f V nicorneſ,now we muſt pcrfgrmc our promiſe, whichiſ to relate the trac hi— fioncoſ(h(cm,asxrxs ?oun'd 111;11cbc_ſt writerſ. Thiſ therefore growing out of the fore— head betwixt the eyelidſ: iſ neither Jight nor hollow;nor yet ſmooth like other horneſ, þbuthard aſ ?r.m (rough aſany file) revolued into many plightſ,ſharper than any da Fte, ſtraightandnotcroo! :4*, and euery where blacke excepr at the point. a Thereare twoofthefe at Fenice in the Treaſurie of S. Mazkeſ Church, aſ Braſavoluſ writech, onear Argentarat, which iſ wreathed about with dinerſ ſphireſ. There are alſo two m the Treaſurie of the King of Palonia, all of them aſ long aſ a man in hiſ ſtature. In the yeate— 15 20, there waſ found the borne of a Pnirorze in the river Arrulayneare Braga in Helnetiache vpperface or out—ſide whereof waſ a darke yellow, it waſ two cubiteſ ſi}n length, but had vponiit noplightſ or wreathing verſauſ. It waſ very odoriferouſ(eſpeci— ally when any part of it waſ ſet one fire) ſo that it {melled like mucke : aſ ſoone aſ it waſ found, it' waſ carried to a Nunnery called Campp#ſ reginſ, but afterwardeſ by the Goucr— nor of Felwetia it waſ recovered backe againe,b ecauſe it waſ found within hiſ teritorie. Nowthe vertueſ of thiſ horne are already recited before, and yet I will for the betrer inſtiflyng ofthatwhich I haue ſaid concerning the Vnicorneſ horne, adde the teſtimony of our learned men which did write thereof to Geſrer, whoſeletterſ according aſ I find them recorded in hiſ worke, fo I haue here inſerted and tranſlated word for word. And firſtof allthe anſwereof Archolaſ Gerbeliuſ, vnto hiſ Epifflczconccrning the Vnicorneſ horne at Argextoratum , iſ thiſ which followeth, for,, ſaith he, The horne which thoſe No— blemen have in the ſecretſ of the great Temple, I haue often ſeene and handled with my bandſſ It iſ of thelength\ofa tall man, if ſo be that you ſhall thereunto adde the point © . thereof: for there waſ a certaine cuill diſpoſed perſon amongeſtthem, who had learned (I knownot of whompthatthepoint or top of the ſame horne would be a preſent remedy both againſt all poyſon , and alſo agamſt the plague or peſtilence : Wherefore that facri— legiouſ theefe, plucked off the higher part or top from the reſidue, being in length three orfourefingerſ. Forwhich wicked offence, both he himſelfe waſ caſt out of thatcompany,, and not any eucrafterwardſ of that family might bereceaued into thiſ ſociety by an ordinance graue— ly and macurely ratified. Thiſ pulling off of the top brought a notable deformitie to that moſt ſþlendant gift. The whole horne from that part which ſticketh to the forchead of thiſbeaſt, cuen vnto the top of the horne iſ altogether firme or ſolide, not gaping with chopſ, chinkſ orcreuiſeſ, with a litle greater thickneſ then a tile iſ vſually amongſtvſ. For I have often timeſ comprehendedalmoſt the whole horne in my right band. From the roote vnito the point it iſenen aſ wax candleſ are rowled together moſt elegantly ſeue— red and raiſed vp in little lineſ. The waight of thiſhornew of ſo great a maſſineſſe, that a man wouldhardly belecue it, andit hath beene often wondred at, that a beaſt of ſo little a ſtature could beare ſo heauy and weighty a burden.Icould never ſimellany ſweetneſſe at all therein. The colour thereof iſ like vnto old yuory, in the midſt betwixt white and yellow.But you ſhallneuer hane a berter parterne ofthiſ, then where it iſ ſold in litle peeceſ or fragmentſ by the oile— colour of our horne iſ life vato them.But by whom thiſ waſ given vntothat Iamalrogetherignorant. rine friend of mine, being a man worthy to be beleeued, declared vnto Partſ with the Chancellor, being Lord of Prazmſ,a peece of a Vnicornſ tity of a cubit, wreathed in EC\P; or ſpireſ, about the thickeneſſe of an the compaſſe therof extending to the quantity of ſix fingerſ)being with— fa muddy colour,with a ſolide ſubſtance, thefragmentſ whereofwoulde 5 E boile »— A Gevbelliuſ A ſecond hi= ſtory ot a V— nicoraſ horn h. —— \| | ! A third Hy— ſtory of a Vnicorneſ horne, Another de— ſcription of the Vricom, Ofadultera= ted Vnicornſ hornſ, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. boile in the Wine although they wereneuer burned , hauing very litleor noſmellar all therein. a ſ When Zoauneſ Ferreriuſ of Piement hadreadtheſethingeſ, he wrote vnto me, that in the Temple of Dep»iſ,neare vnto Parxſ, that there waſ a Vnicorneſhorne ſix foor long, wherin all thoſe thingſ which are written by Gerbelivſ in our chronicleſ were verified both the weight and the colour :but that in bigneſſeit exceeded the horne at the Citty of 47 gentorate,being allo holowalmoſta foot fronma that part which ſticketh vnto theforehead of the Beaſt, thiſ he ſawhimſelfe in the Temple of S. Dexniſ, and handled the horne with hiſ handeſ aſ longaſ he would. I heare that in the former yeare ( which waſ from the yeareof our Lord 1553. when Vercella waſ ouerthrown by the French, there waſ broght fromthattreaſure vnto theKing of France; a very great Vnicornſ horne, the pricewher— of waſ valuedat fourſcorethouſand Ducketſ. Pawliye Pociuſ, deſcribeth an Vnicorne in thiſ manner 5 That he iſ a beaſt, in ſhape much like a young Horſe,of a duſty colour,with a maned necke, a hayry beard, and aforchcad armed with a horne of the quantity of two cubitſ, being ſeperated with pale topſ orſpireſ, which iſ reported by the ſmoothneſ and yuoriewhiteneſſe thereof , to haue the wonderfull power of diſſoluing and ſpeedy expel— ling ofall venomeor poiſon whatſocuer. For hiſ horne being put intothe water, drivethaway the poiſon, that hee may drinke without harme, if any venomouſ beaſt ſhall drinke therein before him. Thiſ cannotbe taken from the Beaſtbeing aline,foraſmuch aſ he eanot poſſible be taken by any deceit : yetit iſ vſually ſeenethatthe horne iſ found in the deſartſ , aſ it bappeneth in Hartſ, who caſtoff their olde horne thorough the inconuenienceſ of old age, which they leaue vnto the Hunterſ, Nature renewing an ocher vato them. The horne ofthiſ beaſtbeing put vpon the Table of Kingeſ, and ſet among ſt their iun— ketſand banketſ, doeth bewray the venomeif there be any ſuche therein, by a certaine ſweat which commethouer it, Concerning theſe horneſ, therewere two ſeene, which weretwo eubitſ inlength, of the thickneſle of a manſ Armc,the firſt at Fezice,which the Senate afterwardſ fent for a gift vnto Solpwan the Turkiſh Emperor : the other being al— moſt of theſame quantity, and placed in a Syluer piller, witha ſhorte or cutted point, which Clement the Pope or Biſhop of Reme, being come vato Murſſelſ,broght vnto Fri@— 6iſ the King for an excellent gift. Furthermore concerning the vertue of ſuch a gifte, I will not ſpeake more of thiſ beaſt, then that which dinulged fame doeth perſwade the be= lecuerſ. Petruſ Belloniuſ writeth, that he knewe the tooth of ſome certaine Beaſt intime paſt, fold for the horne of a Vnicorne,(what beaſt may be ſignified by thiſ ſpeech I know not, neither any of the French men which do line amongſt vſ) and ſo a ſmal peece of the ſame beingadulterated ſold ſometimeſ for 300. Ducketſ. Butif the horne ſhalbe true and not counterfait, itndoth notwithſtanding ſeeme to be of that creature whichthe Auncienteſ calledby the name of an Vnicorne, eſpecially Ac/iaymſ, who only aſcribeth to the ſame thiſ wonderfull force againſt poyſonand moſt grienouſ diſeaſeſ, for he maketh not thiſ horne white aſ ourſ dothſeeme, but outwardly red, inwardly white, and in the middeſtor ſecretteſt part only blacke. Butit cannot bee denied, that thiſ our Vnicorneſ horne waſ taken from ſome living wildeBeaſt.For their are ſound in Europe to the number of twenty of theſe horneſ pure, and ſo many broken; two of the which are ſhowne in the treaſury of Saint Markeſ church at Venice (I heard that the other waſ of lateſent vato the Emperor of the Turkeſ for a gift by the /exetianſ) both of them about the length of fix cubitſ: the one part which iſ loweſt being thicker, and the other thinner, that which iſ thicker, exceedeth not the thickneſſe of three incbeſ iuſt, which iſ alſo attributed vnto the horne of the Indian Afſe, but the o— ther noteſ of the ſame are wanting. I doealſo know, that which the King of England poſſeſſethto be wreathed in ſpiteſ, E— uen aſ that iſ accounted in the Church of S. Dew»#,then which they ſuppoſe none grea— er in the world, and I neuer ſaw any thing in any creatureſ more worthy praiſe then thiſ horn. The ſubſtance iſ made by nature,not Art, wherin althe markſ are found which the truehorne requireth. And forſomuch aſ it iſ ſomewhat hollowe (about the meaſureof a feotwhich goeth out of the head, & the bone growing from the ſame iſ comprchcndcd} 20 39 —iſ © 5% of the Dnicorne. J confecture that it never falleth, aſ neither the horneſ ofa Muſkcat Thcx do : but the horneſ oftheſe beaſtſ do yearely fal ſi Field—goat, and Camelopardall. It iſ of ſo greataleng touchthe top thereof, forit doth fully equal ſenen greatfect.It weigheth thirteen poundſ withtheir affizffzbffl}]g only weighed by the geſſe of the hande, itſeemeth much heanier, The figure doth plainely ſignific a wax candle, (being folded and wreathed within itſelfe) becing farre more thx_ckcr from one part , and making it ſelfe by litrle and littleleſſe to» wardſ the point, the thickeſt part thereof cannot be ſhut with paſſe offiuclingerſ, by the circumference, if it bee meaſured gerſ and a ſpan. to "— That partſi,which iſnext vato the heade hath no flſſ.arpcncſſc,thc otherare of a poliſhed ſmoothneſ. Theſplentſ oftheſpireareſmoothandnot deep,being for themoſt partlike vato the wreathing turningſ of Spaileſ, or the reuolutionſ orwindingſ of Wood—bine a— boutany wood. Burthey procced from the tight hande toward the left,from the begin— ning of the horne, euen vato the very ende: Thecolout iſ not altogether white, beinga long time ſor_ne\\ hat obſcured. But by the weight it iſ an caſiezhingcro coniecture, that thiſ beaſt which can beare ſo great burden in hiſ head,in the quantity of hiſ body can bee littleleſſe then a great Oxe. %, Thereare found oftentimeſ in Polowia certaine horneſ which ſomemengeſſetobeof Oorthe vni. the Vnicornſ, by a dſiOllbb]C Argſſuncnr. Firſt, becauſe (hfifi arefound ſſiCUCl"ſilſi, nener by corneſ hcz)ms twaineſ whichaſ yetiſ heard, akhough ſometimeſ they may be found with the ſcull and {ZZ*;Z'" Foſ boneſ of the reſtof the body : furthermore becauſe their ſtrevgthor vertue iſ approned againſt greatand moſt grieuouſ difeaſeſ:concerning which thing Apzominſ Schnebergeruſ a Phiſitian of great learning amongſtthe Sarmatianſ, and ancexcellent obſeruer of nature, writ vnto meſome fiue yeare paſt, to ſeeſome of theſe horneſ, hauing ſent them by the labour of my very good friend Zoachinmmſ Rheticaſ, a moſtexcellent phiſſtian in Sarmzatia, and incomparable in themathematick Arteſ in thiſ age. Thefirſtoftheſe horneſ (ſaith hee) Iſawe being of thelength of my fadome, witha duſkiſhe or darkiſh colour : the point thereof being exceedin g ſharpeandſmooth, The compaſſeabout the root of the horne did exceed ſixſpanſ. The outſide waſ plaine, with 30 nojurningſ of ſpireſ : the ſubſtance cafie to be crummed, the figure crooked; the colour exceeding white within, which if it be drunkin wine, doth draw oucr it ſelfe a dark colour. Eightſuch diuiſionſ were ioyned to the ſame, aſ youſhall{ce in the greater part which I ſend, but that part iſ not of the horn, but either the entrance of the pallat, or ſome other thingſ aſ IconieCure. , — Thiſ horne waſ found vnder the earth, (not deeper then a foote, in a ſolitary and high place, aſ betweene two hilſ »through which a riverrunneth,) by Countri—men that were digging to lay thefoundation of ahouſe. Butthe horne waſ ſmittenwith an Axe,y andſe— veredinto very ſmal peeceſ : but that Noble and excelent man Jonppeſ Frikaſz(in whoſe field the horne waſ founde, being diſtaunt from Czragon7za two:mileſ) by all diligence he 4 could, Ieaſtthat theſmall peeceſ ſhould be caſtabroad, tooke deliberate heed, thatthey ſbould be tak en out of the earth. From the rooteto the top it waſallroundand ſmooth, but touching it with oneſ toongne, it cleaueth faſt vnto it, the rooth waſ aſ big aſ a man could gripe in hiſ hand,; being in the vpper or ourward part bony or hollow within, white inthe middle, and toward the end ſomewhatreddiſh. t But there waſ found all the beaſt, aſ by the greatneſſe of hiſ boneſ mighteaſily be per— ceived; being bigger in quantity then a horſe. It iſ moſtcertaine that itwaſ a Foure—foo— ted—beaſt, by the boneſ of the ſhoulderſ, thigheſ and ribſ . But if thiſ Horne were the toothofan Elephant, aſ ſome doe ſuppoſe, you would maruaile why two (which Thaue a heard / were neuer found together . Buttheteethorrather horneſ of E_lepha{xcs are nei— therſocrooked that they might'come almoſttohalfe a circle aſ they did. Theſtrengrh ofthiſ horne apenny weight thereof being put in wine or water of Borrage, healeth old Fenerſ, ſ alſo Tertiin or quarterne Agneſof three yeareſ commuanceſiajnd curethma— ty difeaſeſ in menſ bodieſ, aſ aſſwaging the paine of the belly, M_d Making of thoſe'to Vomit, who can by no meaneſ eaſe their ſtomackeſ.Hitherto ſhalſuffice to hane ſpoken $ONCEE* TMF awildeGozt,andan loff, namely, the Bucke, the Hart, th, thatthe talleſt man can ſcarſely in oneſ hand, it iſ the com— with a thred, it iſ three fin— 2 418 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. concerning one of thoſe foure horneſ which Lſaw . The other waſ like vnto thiſ , but leſſe pure;for the colour waſ outwardly moſtblacke, inwardly moſt white, being found in the Riner., Thethird, and fourth moſt hard,ſo that a man would thinke it were by the touch— ing thereof ſtone or itron, being ſolide euen vnto the point, for I hane not ſeenethem wholly, but the part of one, to the length of a cubit ; ot the other, to the length of halfe a cubit with a darkecolour, being almoſt of the ſame thickneſleaſ the two former — But for aſ much aſ the tw o former haue no rifteſ or chinkeſ in them, theſehane by theirlongi— tude, being like hearbſ bending or wreathing in their ſtalkeſ. There waſ another found in a certaineficld, ſo much appearing out ofthe earth, that 10 therude or country ſort did thinkeit to be ſome pile or ſtake . Many alſoare cured and freed from ſhaking feauerſ by the medicinallforce of theſe, the cauſe whereof I ſuppoſe to be thiſ, becauſe the former are ſofter, for aſ much aſ one of theni willlye in the Wa— ter forſolong a time, but the other vnder the earth being ſcarce well hid . Iafterwardeſ ſaw afiftlike vnto the firſt, none of them being ſtraight ordireAvppe, but alſo crooked ſfomealmoſtvatoahalſe a circle: Hitherto Schnebergeruſ ,who alſo ad deth thiſ. That there are more of theſe to be found in Polonia, and therefore for the moſt partto bee contem— ned. There are moreouer found in Ze/wetia ſome of theſe horneſ : one in theriver Ar#/ſ a— gainſtthe Towne of 2rug@, the other inthelaſt yeare, in the river of 2//@, butit waſ bro— ken, euen aſ the third with that tamouſ Earle ofthe CZmbrinanſ,William Warker in a tower 39 neare vnto the Citty Ro##aui:, who gaue vnto Geſwer agood peece thereof, who found an— other peeceaſ he waſ aflſhing at 3//a in the river. And it iſ no great maruaile that they are found there, where throughlengrhoftime they are broken into {mall pieceſ, and car— ried by the force of the waterſ into diverſ placeſ. Butitiſ moſt diligently to be cbſerued, whether they are foundin the earth, aſalſoto Þbeknowne whether that great horne beofchiſ beaſt, which hangſ alone in the great tem—» ple at Argentaur,by the piller, for it hatb hanged there many yeareſ before, aſnowit— appearcth, for that doth plainely ſeeme the ſame magnitude, thickneſſe,andfigure which Schnebergeruſ hath deſcribed in hiſ own horne that we haue allowed beforefor wild oxen. "Theancientſ hane attributed ſinguler horneſto the Vnicorne, whom ſome haue cald by 30 other naineſ aſ it iſ ſaid : and furthermoreto the Orix (2a wilde beaſtvoknowne in our age except Ibe deceined) which Ariſtotle and Pliny calla Vnicorne, Aclianuſ a Quadragorne. Oppianaſ doth not expreſſe it, but he ſeemeth to make it a two horned beaſt, Simeon» Sethi doth alſo write that the Muſk: cat or Goat which bringethforth Muſke, hath ene horne. Certainelater writerſ (aſ Sealzger reporteth) ſay, that there iſ a certaine Oxein Ethiopiſ whichhath one Horne comming out in the middeſt of hiſ forchead, greater then the length of a foot, bending v pwardeſ, the point being wreathed ouerthwart, and they have red haire, whereby we gatherthat the horne ofall Vnicomeſiſnot pure. | But the reaſon why theſe horneſ aremore found in poloyſſ then inany other place, I cannot well gheſſe, whether from thence weſhallſuſpe& them to be of certaine/7/eſ, which at thiſ day abide in the woodſ of Sarmatia; in timeſ paſt, there were many more, which haue lined bothin * greater and larger woodſ, neither were they killed with ſo often Hunting : ſome whereof it iſ moſt like hane cometo great age, aſ appearethby their great & ſtately horneſ, which thingſ we leaueto beconſideredofotherſ. I ſuppoſe that the Apothecarieſ neuerhaue thetrue horne of a Vnicorne, but thatſomedocſell a kinde of faiſe adulterated Horne,;0— therthefragmentſ of thiſ great and vnknowne Horne, of which we haueſpoken, andnot onely of the horne, butalſo ofthe boneſ of the head; ſome of which are ſo affeded by longanimity of time, that you may take a threefoldſubſtance in them, alchoughitbebro— ken by a certain diſtance,one being for the moſt par twhitiſh and pale, the other whirer andſofter, the third ſtony and moſt white. Theare that in the new Iandſ there waſ a Horne bought in the name ofa Vnicorneſ horne, being much praiſed for expelling of poyſon : which what it iſ I haue not aſ yet EX" amited, but it iſ to bee inquired, whether itbeea Rhynocerotſ or not, for boththeaun— cient and lare Writerſ doe mingle thiſ with the Vnicorne. Idogverily conieGure that the ſame ſtrength iſ pertinent to boththe Hormeſ. ir And 50 of the Onicorne. 79 ſ 1 / And thuſ much ſhall_ſufficc concerning the true Vnicorneſ horne, and the Vertueſ ari— fing there ſrom..ln thiſ place new we will proceed to the reſidue of the hiſtory, reſcruing other vſeſ of thiſ horne to the proper medicineſ, TheſeBeaſtſare very ſWift,' and their leggeſ hane no Articleſ. They keep for the moſt Thſ n_ſiſſ."ctffli} part in the deſartſ,and Ix_ue ſolitary in the the topſ of the Mountaineſ. There waſ nothing ynicomeſ. more horible the the voice or braying of it, for the voice iſ ſtraind aboue meaſure.It fiPhti teth both with the mouth and with the heeleſ, with the mouth biting like 2 Lyon,and with the heeleſ kicking like a Horſe.Ir iſ a beaſtof an vntamable nature,and therefore the Lord himſelfe in 704 ſaich, that he cannotbee tyed with any hakter, nor yet accuſtomed to any cratchor ſtable. Hee feareth not Iron or any yron Inſtrument, (aſ F/#doreſ writeth } and 10 thar which iſ moſtſtrange of all other, it fighteth with hiſ owne kinde, yeawith euen the femaleſ vnito death, except when it burneth inluſt for procreation; but vato ſtraunger— Beaſtſ, with whome he hath no affinity in nature, he iſ more ſotiable and familiar,deligh— ring in their company when they come willing vnto him, never riſing againſt them, but proud of their dependence and retinue,kcepeth withthem all quarterſ ofleague &truce, but with hiſ female, when oncce hiſ fleth iſ tickled wichluſt, he growethtame, gregalland loning,and ſo continueth till the iſ filled and great with young, and then returneth to hiſ former boſtility. He iſ an enemy to the Lyonſ, wherefore aſ ſoone aſ ener a Lyon' ſeeth a Vnicorne, he runneth to a tree for ſuccor , that ſo when the Vnicorne maketh force at him,hee may not onely anoidebiſ horne, but alſo deſtroy him; for the Vnicorne inthe the ſwftneſle of hiſ courſe runneth againſt thetrec wherein hiſ ſharpe horne ſticketh faſt, then when the Lyon feeth the Vnicorne faſtned by the horne without all danger ,be fau— leth vpon himand killeth him. Theſe thingſ are reported by the king of Aet/h/epia, in an HzxbrewEpiſtle vato the Biſhop of Rowe. It iſ ſayd that Vnicornſ 2boneallother creatureſ , doe renucrence Virgineſ and young ._, _ , . Maideſ, and that many timeſ at the ſight of them they growe tame, and come and fleepe of\erſſrjctſi,ctſiſifct beſide them , for there iſ in their nature a certaine ſauor, wherewithall the Vnicorneſ are alluredand delighted : for which occaſion the Indian and Exb/9p/@n hunterſ vſe thiſ ſtra— tagem to takethe beaſt. They take a goodly ſtrong and beautifull young man, whom they . dreſſein the apparrellof a woman , beſetting him with diverſ odoriferouſ flowerſ andſpi— Afrri®— 30 Goſ. 5 eAbunntr, The man ſo adortied, they ſet in the Mountaineſ or Woodſ wherethe Vnicorne hun— 3 wittty: teth, o aſ the wind may carrie the ſauor te the beaſt, and in the meane ſeaſon the other bunterſ hide themſelueſ : the Vnicorne deceaued with the outward ſhape of a woman and ſweeteſmellſ, commeth vnto the young man without feare, and ſo ſuffereth hiſ head to bee couered and wrapped within hiſlarge ſleeueſ ; never ſtirring but lying ſtilland a ſleepe,aſ in hiſ moſtacceptable repoſe.Then when the hunterſ by the ſigne of the young man perceaue him faſtand ſecure, they come vppon him, and by force cut off hiſ horne and ſend him away alive : but concerning thiſ opinion wee haue no elder authoritie then Trzetzeſ, who did not liue aboue fiue hundred yeareſagoe , and therefore T leauc the rea— 4" der to to thefreedome of hiſ owne iundgment, to beleene or refuſe thiſrelation; neither waſ it fit that I ſhould omit it, ſeeing that all writerſ ſincethe time of Taezzeſ, doe moſt conſtantly belecue it. It iſ ſayd by Aclianmſ and Alberrm , that exceptthey bec taken before they bee two yeareſold they will neiier bee tamed ; and that the TÞra//amſ doe yeerely take ſome of their Coltſ, and bring them to their King, which he keepeth for combat, & to fight with one another : for when they are old , they differ nothing at all from the moſt barborouſ, bloodic, and rauenouſ beaſtſ. Theinfleſh iſ not good for meate, but iſ bitter and vnnou— tiſhable: And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the uaturall ſtorie of 3hc Vnicorne, rowfollow— 50 Ebthemedicinall. Phileſ. Aclianuſ, o T he medicine ariſmg from the Vnicorne. Concerning 1g the horneſ of the Vnicorne , Thaue ſuſfficiently already written , aſ the auntienteſ haue deliuered in their remedieſ : but in thiſ place Iwill bandle the remedieſ which \ | | | IZ2LO T he Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. | whichlatewriterſ have attributed thereunto , aſ alſo our owneobſeruationſ of theſame, Iremember that in timeſ paſt, I ſaw a peece of thiſ horn of the weight of nine incheſ with a certaine Merchant in the market, being blacke and plaine, and not wreathed in circleſ orturningſ, but at that time I didnor ſomuch obſerue it. Now among ſt our Apothe— cariceſ I do not onely find ſmal orlittle fragmentſ, out of which there yſTired (aſ they ſay, ſome certaine marrow, which are rounder, whiter, and fofter. _ eM But both the ſame colour, aſ alſo the ſubſtance being put too much,and eaten ,if itbe eaſily crummed, andnot ſtuftaſ other horneſ, docth ſignifie the ſame nortobe good or perfeet, but counterfertedand corrupted:aſ perhapſ the horne of ſome other beaſt brent in the fire, ſome certaine ſweet odorſ being thereunto added, and alſo imbruedinſome deliciouſ or aromaticall perfurne; peraduenture alſo Bay by thiſ meanſ, firſt burned ,and afterward quenched or put out with cerraine ſweet ſmelling liquorſ. Thereiſ great care to be had, that it be taken new, and whileirſmelleth ſweete, not cither aboliſhed by age, nor the vertue thereof deminithed by often or frequent cupſ. For rich men do vſually eaſtlittle peeceſ of thiſ borncin their drinking cupſ, either for the preventing or curing of ſome certaine diſeale. Thereareallo ſome which encloſe it in gold or ſiluer,and ſo caſt it in their drinke, aſ though the force thereof could remaine many yeareſ , notwithſtan. ding the continuall ſoking in wine. But that which iſ ſo vſed and drunke in wine doth bring vpon it a certaine dark or ob.— ſeure colour, the whiteneſſe whichbefore remained vppon the ſame bejng quite loſ,ex— pelled, and viterly aboliſhed. Moſt men for the remedieſ ariſing from the ſame ,com— maund to vſe the horne ſimply by itſelfe : Otherſ prefer the marrowe therein. It being caſt inwine doth boyle, which ſome men either through ignorance or deceipr;impute to be a ſigne of the true horne, when'aſ contrarily any other horneſ being brent,:do in wa— ter or wine cauſe bubleſ to atiſe. Thereareſome wicked perſonſ which do make a mingle mangle thereof, aſ Mawe among ſt the vexeemſ (being aſ Theare ſay , compounded with lime and ſope) or peraduenture with earth or ſome ſtone: (whichthingſ are wont to make bubleſ ariſe)y and afterwardſ ſell it for the Vnicorneſ horne. Whereforeit ſhall be more ſafeto buy it out of the whole horne if it may be done, or of greater crumſ, and which may well deſcribe the figure of a horne, then ſmal fragmentſ where you may receineleſſe deceit. 'A certaine Apothecary which waſ at Neramberg,in a ſtately mart towne amongſtthe Germanſ, declired the way voto me how to deface the colour of an adulterated Vnicorneſ horne, being. made by ſome with Inory,cither mace— rated or boyled with certaine medicineſ (by Set—foile aſ I ſuppoſe,and other thingſ) by which meaneſ hauing ſcraped it, I ſound within the true ſubſtance to beyuory. Antoniuſ Bra/anoluſ writeth, that all men for the moſt part doe ſell a certaine ſtone for Vricorneſ horne, which truely I deny not to be done, who hauce no certainty therein my ſelfe :not— withſtanding alſo it may come to paſſe, that a very hard and ſolid horne, about the point of a ſword eſpecially (which part iſ preferred to inferior, aſ alſo in Hartſ hornſ) t which erther ſtoneſ or yron may yeild,ſuch aſ authorſ attribut to the Rb/mocerſt.And other Vai— corneſ may bear the ſhape of a ſtone before it ſelfe.For if Oyphewſ conceming Hartſhornſ rightly doubted, whether theſame or ſtoneſ were of greateſtſtrength : I think it more to be donbted in thekind of Vnicorneſ, for the horneſ of Hartſ are not onely ſolide (aſ Ar%— _ſtotle ſuppoſed) but alſo the herneſ of Vnicorneſ, aſ heere Ihaueſaid. The horne ofan Vnicorne iſ at thiſ day vſed, although age or longinguity of time bath quite aboliſhed it from the nature of a horne. Thereare ſome which mingle the Rhi— nocereſ with the Puicorne,for that which iſ namedthe AR//moceroſ horne, iſ at thiſ day in phiſical vſe, of whichnotwithſtanding the Authourſ haue declared no effeQual force. Some ſay that the Pr/eorneſ horn doth ſweat ,hauing any poiſon comming ouer it,which iſ falſe ,it dothperhapſ ſometimeſ ſweat, enen aſ ſome ſolide, hard, andlight ſmbſtance, (aſ alſo ſtoneſ and glaſſc) ſomeexternal vapor being about them, but thiſ docth nothing appertaine to poiſon. It iſ in like manner reported, that a kind of ſtone called theſer pentſ toong dothſweat hauing poiſon come ouer it.I haue heard and read in a certaine booke written with oneſ 1 handſ, that the true horne of a Vnicornc iſ to beproned in thiſ maner. To giue to two Pi— gcons 10 20 —n 0 59 Of the Ure—Oxe. geonſ poyſon/red Arſnick or Orpin) the one which drinketh a litle of the true Vnicornſ horne willbe healed,the other will die, I doleaue thiſ manner of tryallvato rich men: For the price of that which iſ true, iſ reported at thiſ day to bee of noleſſe vallew then Gold, Some do ſel the waight thereof for a floren, or cight pence: ſomefor a crowne, or twelue pence. But the marrow therof iſ certainely of a greater price, then that which iſ of harder ſubſtance. Some likewiſedo {z1 a dram thereof, tor two pence halfe penny , ſo great iſ the diverſity thereof . For experience of the Vnicorneſ horne to know whetherit berightor not : put filke vpon a burning cole ,and vpon the ſike the aforſaid horne , and if ſo be that it be true the ſilke will not be a whit conſumed. t 10 The horneſ of Vnicornſ, eſpecially chatwhich iſ brought fromnew Iſlandſ, being bea— ten and drtink in water, doth wonderfully help againſtpoyſon: aſ oflate experience doth manifeſt vnto vſ a man , who hauing taken poiſon and beginning to ſwell waſ preſerued by thiſ remedy. I my ſelfe haue herd of a man worthy to bebelecued, that having eaten a poiſond cherry , and perceiuing hiſ belly to ſwell, he cured bimſelfby the marrow of thiſ borne being drunke in wine in very ſhortſpace. < 3 The ſame iſ alſo praiſed at thiſ day for the curing of the falling ſickneſ , and affirmed by Atlianuſ ,vho called thiſ diſeaſe curſed. The ancient writerſ did attributethe force of hea— ling to cupſ made of thiſ horne, wine being drunke out of them : but becaulſe we cannot haue cupſ, we drinkethe ſubſtance ofthe horn, either by in{elfeor with other medicineſ. , I happily ſometimemadethiſ Sugar of the horme,aſ they call it, mingling with the ſame Amber, inory duſt, leaueſ of gold ,Corall, and certaine other thingſ, the horne being in— cluded in ſilke, and beaten in the decodGtion of razenſ and Cinamon ,I caſt them in water, the reſt of the reaſon of healing in the mean time not being negleGed.It iſ morouer com meded of Phyſitianſ of our time again ſtthe peſtilent feauer ,(aſ Aloyſ/mſ Mundel/a writethy againſt the thebitingſ of rauenouſ Dogſ, andthe ſtrokeſ or poyſonſome ſtingſ ef other creatureſ ; and privately'in rich menſ houſeſ againſt the belly or mawe wormeſ ; to con— clude, it iſ given againſt allpoyſon whitſbeuer,aſ alſo againſt many moſt grienouſ diſea— ſeſ. The King of the Indianſ drinking out of a cuppe made of ay Indian Vnicornſ horne, andbeing aſked wherefore he did it, whether it were for the loue of drunkenneſſe, made 0 anſwer, that by that drinke drunkenneſſe waſ both expelled and reſiſted,and worſer thingſ cured, meaning that it cleane aboliſhed al poyſon whatſoeuer. The horne of an Vnicorn, doth heale that deteſtable diſeaſe in men called S. 792b»ſ cuill,otherwiſe the curſed diſeaſe. The horne ofan Vnicorne being beaten and boyled in wine, hath a wonderful effect in ma— king the teeth white or cleare, the mouth bein g well clenſed therewith . (Andthuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the medicineſ and verrneſ ariſing from the Vnicorne. OF THE "VRE—O NXE, % Hiſ Beaſtiſ called by the Latinſ /r@, by the Germanſ Amex, and Vrox, and Groſſe veſent , by the Lituanianſ Thwr, the Scythianſ B#— 57i, and theſe beaſteſ were not knowne to the Greecianſ, (aſ Pliny writeth ) of whom Seveca writeth in thiſ manner 3 Tibi dant variapeGoratigreſ, Tibi villoſiterga Biſonteſ, Latiſg feri cornibiiſ vri. | ( | V VOQUS S#@ And y cil/alſo maketh mention of them in thiſ Georguke,writing of theculture or tilling of vineſ ſ Te exendſ ſapeſ etz'aſſm CGr pecuſ omne tenendum : Precipue cum fanſ tenera, impr_udm_ſſſ Glaborum , Cui ſemper indignaſ hyemeſ, l olemg, potentemn, 5o Silneſtreſ vriaſidue,capread, ſequaceſ, lundunt, | Theſe wilde bc:fksſſirVrc-oxcs arewilde Oxen, differing from all other kindeſ alrcadſi y rehearſed in the ſtory of Oxen, Bugleſ, Biſonſ, or any other, 'although ſome haue Vl']Skll- fully taken them for Biſonſ, and S#7 THomaſ Eliet in hiſ DiGionary, doth Engliſh /r@ſ a Bugil, but beſide him no bqdy,that Iknow,and for thiſ Cf[:d[ſ: he iſ reprehended t;z Co\: gZ The ſeueral ameſ. \ \ E £2 S " 2 \ \ V S 7 — 2 //— —_— IE — 8 m / — Tf - — lff; T \ 1WZ —%" Wt — <<== »»1) \i —A 12 fa Io a E7 NM mar \ a— am 1 =>=> E }ſſ AJ ( wS Sf) \ [*), /2— 5 W D — a (1 ſit\w ?*}:ſſ/ VT e ——t» 3 = 77 Ee Frr —> ahll—>— . EmM . mffmt> —» _—=> L— e—" ther. Now although there be nothing in thiſ beaſt but ordinary ,yetſeeing it iſ acreature ſo well knowne, we haue the leſſe reaſon to omit hiſ ſhape and ſtory , leaſt we ſhould iuſtly be condemned of negligence and careleſneſſe. In outward proportion of the body it differeth little from the Bull, It iſ very thick, and hiſ back ſomewhat bunched vp.,and hiſ length from the head to the caile iſſhort, no waieſ anſwerable to the proportion of hiſ ſtature and ſideſ:thehornſ (aſ ſome ſay)are butſhort,. The ſeveral yet þlacke, broad, and thicke, hiſcieſ red, a broad mouth, and a great broadc head;hiſ Put templeſ hairy, a beard vpon hiſ chin, but ſhort, and the coloutr thereof blacke, hiſ other partſ, aſ namely in the face , ſideſ , legſ, and taile,0f? a reddiſh colour. . [Theſe are in the wood Hercymia, in the Pyreney Mountaineſ, and in Mazouia neare Litu— Placeſ of _4@i4. They areicald 27; of Ozo»,that iſ the Mountaineſ, becauſe their ſanage wildneſ iſ ſo their abode great, that they ſildome diſcend from thoſeſauegardeſ. They far excell Bulſ, and other wild Oxen,comming neerer to the quantity or ſtature of Elephantſ, then to the Bull . In reſemblance a man would thinke them to be compounded of a Mule and a Hart, for their woue outward reſemblance ſoſeemſ. It iſ ſaid they could never betamed by men,although they were taken when they were young,, yet they loue other heardeſ of cattel, and will not for— dakethem caſily afterthey haue once ioyned themſelueſ vnto them , wherby many timeſ they are deceined and killed, 20. 30. or forty atatime. Caligu/a Ce/ar brought of theſear live to Rome, and did ſhew them in publike ſpectacle to the people, and at that timethey were taken for wilde Bulſ. Some affirme that there are of theſe in Pruſſia, and thattheyare Countrieſ of 10 Wild, crutel, and vntamable,aſ they feareor ſpare neither man nor beaſkt and when they their breed are ſet vpon and woundedby the hunterſ in the woodſ among the treeſ,feeling their hurtſ and perceiuing their blondeiſſuing out of their body, they rage aboue meaſure, for ha— uing no meaneſ to take reuvenge—vpon the hunter, by reaſon that he ſtandeth behind ſfome great tree,forvery wrath and fury they kill themſelueſ with their owneheadlong force vpon the ſame tree. It iſ ſaid that their foreheadeſ are ſo broad and large, that two men may eaſily ſit betwixt their horneſ. They are able to take vp an Armed man and hiſ horſe, and to toſſe him into the airelike a Bull, and the headſ of theſe or ſiich fike beaſtſ are to be ſeene publiquely fixed vp in common placeſ at Mewſſ and Wormeſ, which are worth the obſcruation , becauſe in all proportion they are twice ſo big aſ the vulgar Bull or Oxe: _ Now although their large bodieſ and maneſ doe alſo appertaine to theBiſonſ, yet it iſ not vnfit to attribute theſamealſo to the Vre—Oxe. For if it be in the pleaſure of any mat to make it alſo a kind of Biſon , T willnot deny that thiſ muſt be remembred, that both the body ofthiſ beaſt iſ muchlarger, and alſotheaſpe& not ſo grim or fierce aſ iſ rhc]ſſi_ilſloſi- , here aft/-ſſze "Uruſ. 7%2 # Therearemany of theſe found alſo in Arxgremannia, other Northerne partſ of the world, where they and theſcareſo high aſ a tall man can hardly lay | though he ſtraine himſelfe very much. Andſome of them arefiſteen cubitſ in length,ofwhom beſide their admnir their velocity and nimbleneſſe iſ alſo remirkeable, for itiſ ſaid of them, that when they empty their bellieſthey can turn about to take their dung or excrement vpon their hornſ before it fall to the grouud, whichthey caſt vpon the hunterſ or purſterſ,Dogſ or men, whereby they blind and burne them. They which accuſtome or practiſe to kill and hune theſe beaſtſ, aregreatly commended and rewarded when they hanekilled many ofthem, 1o whereofthey make proofe, by bringing the horneſ of them thaethey hauckilled inco the common Market place. * Inancient time before theinuention of iron weaponſ,they did take them in thoſe coun—= trieſ in ditcheſ, and great caneſ of the earth, wherunto the ſtrongeſtand moſta@Ame youg men didapply themiclueſ, haning both Dogſ and all other needfull inſtrumentſ to take a way thelife of thiſ beaſt ; and ifit did not happen that hee ſaſtened hiſ horneſinto ſome tree, then waſ all the labour loſt, for they could neuer come neere to touch him,onely when in hiſ ſpecdy ſwift fury among the woodſ, he ran hiſ horneſ into the body offome Okeſ orſuch like, whereby hee waſ ſtayed, (forit iſ not ſo eaſieto pullthem forth, aſ to fixethem, becauſethey are rugged, crooked, and ſtand vpward) then hee waſ overtaken 5 andkilled by ſome hbunter or other . And if at any time he met with a hunter, it waſ fa— talland deadly to the man , excepthee could avoyde the Beaſt by gerting vnto fomg tree. Sigiſmundm Bare—that honorable man writeth thuſ hereof,that in Maſonitancare Lituania it iſ bred ,and called Thw7,& they are a kind of wilde Oxen,,not diffe ring from the vulgat, (exceptaſ aforeſaid)but in their colour , and a ſported ſtrake or linewhich gocthal along their backſ. And thoſe Vre—oxen are keptaſ it were in parkeſ and chaſeſ, hauing a peculi. ar difignment by the King, and the inhabitanteſ of certaine villageſ to keepe and watch them. Sometimeſ when they meet with a common ot vulgar rame Cow, they leapevpon , herandfillher, butſuch a Calfe liueth not long, but dyeth aſ if it werenot perfect, and if 30 it do chance to line,it neuer reſembleth the ſire,nor yet iſ admitted into theirſociety and heard, butare refuſed for baſtardſ and ignoble breed. And when he waſ Ambaſſador to Sigiſmunduſ the Empe. hereceiued for a gift one oftheſe killed, and bowelled, bauing the Vſe of thele akin of the forehead cut offand takenaway , whereat hee wondered much, but durſtnot partſ agke the quceſtion or reaſon thereof; yet afterward he vnderſftood that there were girdleſ made of that part of the hide, whereby the women in that Country were perſwaded that they ſhould be made apt to conceive & bring forth children:& B0#4 the mother of Sigi/— mund gaue vntohim 2. girdleſ for that purpoſe, wherof he ſaid he beſtowed one vpon the Qucene of Romaineſ, who did take the ſame at hiſ hand very gratiouſly and thankeſully. And itiſcertain, that out of the hideſ of theſe beaſtſ are made girdleſ, which are two fin— 4 gerſthicke, and ſtrong, and yet the haire vpon them iſ ſoft and gentle like any wopll. a The fleſh of theſe beaſtſ iſ ranke and heauy,, and if it be cater freſh it cauſeth looſeneſſe, butifbeſalted a day or two itit iſ nothing inferiour to Beefe, forſothe hum idity iſ takenr away. With the horneſ are made drinking Cupſ, and for that purpoſe the richer ſort of people do edge or lip them onucr withiiluer and gold:they hold or containe aſ muchaſ two ordinary pitcherſ of water ,Other take off the pointſ and faſten them to ſpeareſ,being very ſharp, and not eaſily blunted or broken, and other make of them cut into ſliceſ or paneſ the beſt Lanthorneſ in the world /. And thuſ much for the Vre—Oxe, vito whoſ_e Hiſtorie it iſneedefull for me to adde the ſtory of dinerſ other wilde Oxen not yet deſcri— ed. Strabo ſaith,, that there are Oxen cald Rhizeſ, among the Zeſperian Aethiopianſ, who in iſetieſ 3r outward proportion aremucblikethe vulgar bulſ,but in other partſ,aſ quantity ſtrength, (5 +* 39 andvigour, comparable to theElephantſ. » Oxen: Thenetnſſ writeth, that betwixt F/ovidia and Palwſ, in the new found W or}ſidc, there AC verye many ſtrange ſhaped, Beaſteſ , and amor L%e other akynde of W 1[dc£g]ſ[ct; Et: 2 v and the Confineſ of Lappoyia, and Their ſaure are cald by the Illirianterme Zabroneſ, hiſ hand ypon the top oftheir backeſ, al: ableſirength, Aclanuſ, LeorAfrican Pliny Straboo Papl:Denet. eX lianuſ The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. whoſe horneſ are a foor long, but oin hiſ backe—he hath a tumour or bunchlike a Camel, and iſ therefore called 80 Carelita; hiſ haire all ouer hiſ body iſ very long ;but eſpecial— ly vnder hiſ chin, and hiſ colour like a yellow Mule, and thiſ beaſtiſ Acontinuallenemy to a Horſe, Like vnto theſe are the tame Seprhian Oxen;and ſomeother in Aſia; who car. ry packeſ vpon the buacheſ of their backeſ, and alſo bend their kneeſlike Camelſ: ; + coot t OF THE EYBIAN ONXE. Here iſ ſo great an innumerability of Libian—Oxen, ofſo greatſwiftneſ and celerity ,that the hunterſ/are many timeſ 1 | decciued in hunting them, and ſo doe certainely. chance or | fall vpon other wilde beaſteſ for the ſame they raiſed, and e in the meane while dothhide himſelfein a place of bram.— bleſ and briarſ ,keeping himſelfe there ſafe,while other wild beaſtſ doth appeare like vnto them, and ſo doe deceivue the cieſ ofthe hunterſ : thereforeif any man doth begin tofol— low after either of them , it will be but labour loſt, for hee iſ ma 1} notableto compreheid or attaine them witha hor{e, ex— cept he may take them being wearied by longitude of time. But if any hunterſ ſhall find a young calfe, ſpare the life thereof, and ſhallnot preſently kill it, he ſhallreape a double profit by it : and firſtic dothbring profit to it ſelfe,and dooth induce or lead hiſ dam into captivity. For after that the hunter hath bound the calfe with a rope, ſhe being enflamed by the loue or affeGion which ſhe beareth to hir calfe,returneth backe againe vnte it, co— ueting with an ardent deſire to looſen and trake away her Calfe out of the bord or halter, therefore ſhe thruſteth in bir horne that ſhe may looſen the cord,and pluck hir young one away , whereby ſhe iſ kept faſtbound with hir Calfe, her horneſ being entangled in the rope. Then commeth the hunter and killeth her.and raketh forth her liuer,and alſo cutteth off her dugſ or vdder,and dothlikewiſe pluck off hir ſkin,& leaueth her fleſh for the Birdſ and wild beaſtſ to feed vpon. There iſ another kind of Oxe in Libia, whoſe Horneſ doth ei bend downeward, and for that cauſe they are faine to feed going backwardſ. Of the ſay— 3 ingſ of Herodotuſ and Acliannſ, T haueſpoken before. Phileſ dothſ write that they are cald Oxen going backward, becauſe the broadneſ of their horneſ dothcouer their eic—ſight, ſo that it ſtandeth them in no vſe to go forward , but iſ very commodiouſ to go backward. 'There iſ an Oxe which liveth in the woodſ of Affrick, which doth reſemble a domeſticall Oxe,yet leſſe in ſtature, of a browne or ruſſet colour , and alſo moſt ſwift of foore. Thiſ beaſt iſ found in the deſartſ, or in the Marcheſ or limitſ of the deſartſ. Their fleſh iſ alſo of aperfect or abſoluteſauour and taſt, good for the nouriſhment of men. OF THE INDIAN WILD OXEN. He hornſ of the Oxen of the Garamantenſ dogrow downewardſto— ward the earth, and therefore whenthey feede they bow the binder part of the necke, (aſ Solinuſ writeth) and aſ we haueſpoken before in the dinerſitieſ of wilde Oxen . The woodſ alſo in Indiaare filled S with wild Oxen. In the prouince of Indiawhere the Gymmitſ inhabit, J are great multitudeſ of Oxen which liue in the forreſtſ or woodſ.In y thekingdomeſ which are vpon the borderſ or Confinſ of India, (it 58 AP the mid of the day) are many faireand great Oxen which live in the woodſ. There are Mountainſ in the inmoſtregionſ of India, which arevery hard to come vnto, where they ſay line thoſe beaſtſ wilde, which are among vſ domeſticalland—tame.ſ ſheepe, Goateſ, Oxen, and ſo forth. Thegreat King of India doth ele or chooſea day euery yeare for the runningſ and combatſ of men, andalſo fightingſ of beaſteſ, whoſet— ting their horneſ one againſt another, do fight irefully with admirable rage,vnti}l they o— nercome theiraduerſarieſ, They doalſo labour, and ſtrive withall theirnerueſ andſſ in® neweſ,euen aſ if they were championſ, or fought for ſome great reward, or ſhould get honor by their battell. vVilde I > (3 & 9 of the J eaſcl Wilde bulleſ, tame Ramſ, Aſſeſ with one horne, Hyznaeſ, and laſtly Elephanteſ, aſ if they were capable of reaſon , they wound them among themſclueſ , and the one doth of— centimeſ ouercome and kill the other, and ſometimeſ falldowne togither being both wounded. I haue alſo recited before in another place of the intreaty of Oxen, choſi:lndi- an Oxen whichare ſaid to be moſt ſwift in their ioyntſ in running too and fro, when they are at combate, becauſe there we had not diſtinguiſhed whether theſe were wild Oxen or not : but it doth appeare in thiſ place, that they are whol y taken for wilde Oxen : and the thing it ſelfe doth manifeſt that domeſticall Oxen are not ſo ſwift nor ſo ſtrong. The Oxen in Z2d/a haue altegether whole hoofeſ, and alſo but one horne. Aethiopia al— 733 ſo doth breede 27dien Oxen, that iſ to ſay , Oxen that arelike to thoſe of zodia, for lome 743 1o hauebut one horn ,& otherſome 3.Solipwſ ſaith;that there are found in Indiaſome Oxen which have but one horn,& otherſome which haue 3. hornſ with whole hoofſ,& not clo. ven,The Zydiaw Oxen areſaid to bee aſ high aſ a Cammell, and their horne foure foote broad.?#olomenſ doth report, that he ſaw a horne of an Zndian Oxe which did hold in the bredth of it thirty gallonſ. i There are alſo Oxen which are bred in India, which in greatreſ are no bigger then a Bucke, or Goat, they do run yoaked together very ſwift, nor do end their race with leſſe ſpeed then the Goat—land horſeſand Ididnot take them to be Oxen liuing in the woodſ, for our Rangifer and Oxen which liue inthe woodſ ,are the ſwifteſtof al beaſtſ in thiſ kind » Ariſtotle and moſt apt to combatſ and runningſ, aad they may partly be called Oxen hauing one horne, and partly Oxen hauing three horneſ, neither are they found in Scandinazia, but alſo inother Regionſ and Dominionſ of. Aſia, aſ we beleeue that Zodian Oxen are of the fame kind.So/ipwſ doth not rightly cal thoſe Z4d/an Oxen, which AeVianwzſ calleth Aethio— ficeſ, aſ T haue declared aboue in the ſtoric ofthe Acthiopian Oxen, for their horneſ are moouable.C#e/#2ſ doth write, that thereare ſprung vp among the ſame beaſtſ, that beaſt which iſ called Aapzichora +which iſ manifeſted by Ariſtotle in hiſ Hiſtorie of Foure—foo— ted beaſtſ. Hermolawſ alſo and otherſ haue not conſidered thiſ error. Among the Aracho— tamſ there are Oxen which line in the woodeſ, which do differ from thoſe that are bred in the Citty, aſ much aſ wilde ſwine from tame. Their colour iſ blacke,bending a litle down— wardſ, and their horneſ broad and vpright.There iſ a Citty in 2pdia called Arachorm, ta— 30 king the name from theriner A7acho#@ſ, which do flow out of Cawſaciſ,what thoſe beaſtſ are which bend their horneſ vpward,I have declared in the ſtory of the Biſon for aſ there may beſpoken ſomething concerning the difference of the planteſ of the woodſ, fo alſq concerning the beaſtſ that are bred in the Citty , and thoſe that are bred in the woodſ, OF THE WEASELL, P Hereare diverſ kindſ of VVeaſelſ, but in thiſ place we do intreat of the leaſt | kind whoſe forme and ſhape we haue alſo heer ſet downe. It iſ likwiſe proper— ly named ofthe Latineſ Mw/e/ſ,a weaſel ,for ſo we were wont plainly to name a thoſe which wer'common and domeſticall, and to adde nameſ to thoſe which aremore ſeldome ſeene, or line in the woodſ for difference ſake. TFre z The | | [A | | J 426 Siluaatiouſ Seopa a/Albermſ T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. The word chaled in Lextſ. 1 t.iſ tranſlateda Weaſel of all interpreterſ. The Rabbinſ do eallthem Cha/dah,and commonly Muſtela, aſ Dawid Kimbi writeth. The Chaldzanſ do tranſlate it Cha/da, the Arabianſ Ca/dah, the Perſianſ Gurba, and Hieron Muſlela, Ouch iſ an Hebrew word, whereupon it waſ once tranſlated Ochim», plurally in Eſay. 13. Babilo [ubuertetur,C implebunt domoſ corum ochim, Munſteruſ cercopitheceſ vertit . T hat iſ toſay, Babilon ſhall be onerthrowne , and their houſeſ ſhall be filledwith Ochim, that iſ , Weaſelſ, but Munſteruſ dothcall them Munkeyſ. Dauid Kimhi,and the Maiſter of Thalmnd, do callit Nemiah,thatiſ,like to a Cat, but commonly they call it a AMarzin, or Firum, and Furop, The Authorſ of the Comcordanceſ of the Hzebreweſ doth interpret Ayph, Cireopithecum ,or Cephum, and Culdah, that iſ to ſay Muſtela; a VV caſill, aſ the Zeweſ do thinke. The Chal— de hath tranſlated a Martin Och7jn.Sypmachuſ alſo hath left or forſaken the HZbru word, Aquiladoth tranſlace it Typhozeſ, that iſ , a Whirle—winde, Hieronimuſ doeth tranſlate it Dracſ,that iſ 5a Dragon. Keahiſtrucly interpreted to bea kind of Lizard,or a Chamalien. In Lenitienſ 11 .We alſo read in Albertmſ, Hiſ, and Hyramſ, (two Barbarouſ wordſ) for a Weaſell, which hee himſelſe doth not vaderſtand : but I haue diſcerned or taken thiſ ſignification out of the wordſ of Ariſfatle: for Albertuſ doth moſt vnlearnedly expound Hyrewm a Hare,being de.— ceined, becauſe both the lining beaſtſ do oftentimeſ remoue their young oneſ from one place to another in theirmouthſ. Ferhalſo dothſeeme to be according to Ari/ſlatle, no other thing then Gale, that iſ to ſay 5 a Weaſell For Feyzon (ſaith he,) it bath witlike a Fox, that iſ to ſay , in fetting vpon Henſ or Chickinſ, and theother ſhape and forme of it iſ Katiz, that iſ to ſ1y 24 , a Ferret. Nyzw f#24 alſoiſ euen to thiſ day called a Weaſ{ella— mongthe Srzcianſ. /bavauge iſ allo called a Weaſell, Zbinwerſ iſ a little foure—footed— beaſt zc/lula alſo dothſeemne to ſignifie a Weaſell, by a feigned worde proceeding from the Erench or Italianſ, which do call alſo Beleſtanſ, Balottam pro muſtela for a VWV calellbut fomeofthelater Greecianſ .do abuſe it in tearming it a Catte, aſ Thaue ſpoken before in the Hiſtory ofthe Cat. Theodoruſ Gaza in Ariſtotle doeth interpret it ſometimeſ a Weaſell; and other ſome— timeſ a Catſ neither can I ſufficiently gather wherefore he dothſo change it, ſeeing that Ia a> 0 0 that the Graecianſ callCazznme, for a Cat Ac/uro#, and the Latineſ Felem.Someſay, that.30 AMuſtela for a VW eaſell hath bin interpreted or declared of lare daieſ, being onely led ( if I benot deceiued) withthe affinity of the German word, for the Germanſ do call Muſ?elſ a Wiſel.The Grzecianſ do vſually take to thiſ day Muſfela for a Weaſell, aſ I haue readin the Oration of Swidaſ. A Weaſell iſ called in Italy Downolſ, or Ballottula. It iſ apparant by the wordſ of Auieen that Dopnula, and otherwiſe Danaaula iſBarbarouſly vſed Promum— ſtelafor a Weeaſell : Albertuſ and Niphuſ doe write Damu#la for a Weaſell, by the which wordthe later writerſ do very obſcurely vaderſtand Dama for a V Veaſell, which iſ of the kind of Goatſ liuing in the woodſ. Damma or Dammalſa, iſ a ſnall and weake beaſt, (aſ 2— ſidoruſ wriceth) ſpeaking of thoſe that are wilde and will not cometo hand.VVben it doth bring forth young, it doth preſently deuoure the ſecondſ or thoſe that come after byre beforethey touch the earth, and yet it iſ a prey itſelfe to other Foure—footed—beaſteſ. 3 You may alſo ſeeme to take a litcle Deare, or a kinde of young Goate, or a V Veaſell, for that kind of Beaſt which doth deuour her ſecondſ : But we read that neither of theſe do it. The Lizard iſ ſayed to devoure her firſt litter which ſhe littereth in her oldage. VVe alſo callDomeſtical|VVeaſelſ F9/205.A weaſell iſ called in France, Belotte or Belette, and Albalotte.Some aſ I do heare which do inhabite about the towneſ of Mexa, do callthem Baccal.Caroluſ Figuli doth interpret a weaſel in French Fowimupſ,or Mayturellum,of which Thaue thewed before chat there iſ two kindeſ, and alſo that there iſ weaſelſ living in the woodſ.In Spaine alſo they are called Copadrcia. The people of Rhetia which ſpeake La— tine, do keepe the Latine name. The Germanſ do calthem 1W/el or Wiſele. Georginſ Agri— colaſaith,that it iſ called a weaſellby reaſon of the noiſe that itmaketh. Otherſome dwel— 59 ling in Heluetia do call it Hermelin,and—fſome doe callit by a corrupe worde Aawlin, but thoſe ought only to be named ſo which arealtogether white, and are found in winter time. Butheere in England it iſ called a Weaſe//Z, and ſome do write it Weſyll, or Weaſill: but the white weaſell iſ called Mizexer , by the tranſpoſition of the letterſ ofthe French word, it iſ called Herminme,.and among the Illyrianſ Ka/commmſ. Some of the W eaſcll. 727 Somedoc thinke at thiſ day that the beaſt whoſe ſhape and forme we have given for a Weaſell, iſ the Shrcw-'mouic, but not rightly, for their onely reaſon iſ , that the bitingſ ofit dothpoyſon and harme almoſt in like manner . A/beyzuſ alſo doth write, tharthe Sea VW eaſell iſ called the ficldc-Shrew,which iſvtterly falſeand vnerue : For the Shrevy iſcalledamong the Grzecianſ Mygale, Male or Female . They doe now alſo commonly call Ic_bmfmzm the Indian Mouſe, and otherſome the fallow Decre;ſBut Damula, or Do— #ulſ, iſ of the Italianſ and ſome later Barborouſ Writerſ, altogether called a common Weaſell, and not Ihnewmen, which iſ a peculiar Beaſt to the Egyptianſ. Now the reaſon of the Latine name Maſfela, Caroluſ Figuluſ iſ of opinion, that it iſ de— ___ rined of Myſ and Stelio, two Greeke wordeſ, becauſe it denoureth Mice, and both the *Tſſſſ}ſipbſiſſ in: 10 Germanſ and the Engliſh derive their word Steale, or Ste/len, to rob or filtch, from the logy of Weſ Greeke worde Ste/lein ; ſo that it iſ ſo called, becauſe thiſ Weaſell iſ a ſtill, and ſecret, ©— ſtealing , and devouring Beaſt, Calepin ſaith , that Muſfela iſ Quaſi longior muſ . Thiſ Beaſt iſ alſo called by Ari/forle Habeninum, and it iſ ſayd thatit hunteth Moleſ or blinde Mice. — The epithetſ hereofare, fearefull, In—creeper, and ſwift, and beſide theſe I finde not I};Zſifſſh any materiall or worthy to beerehearſed . Now concerning their outward proportion, feveral pa:tſ it iſ aſ we haue heere deſcribed, a long and thinne body, but the colour thereofvarieth, for ſome of them are browne and branded, ſome blacke, and ſome cleane white, which we haue ſhewed already to be the £74m»2 : for in ſome placeſ of Germany, Helnetia, and the Alpeſ, the Weaſelſ in the Winter become all white . But for aſ much aſ there are *" two kindſ of Weaſelſ, one vulgar and domeſticall, living in Houſeſ and Cittieſ, and the other wild lining in the Woodſ& Mountainſ : we find alſo that they differ in colout ;nei— ther of both being conſtant in the ſame , for the domeſticall Weaſell iſ vpon the backe andfideſandy, red , and ſometime yellowiſh, and alwaieſ white on the throat, yea,ſome— timeſ aſ Geor. Agzicola writetb, they are all white, whereat no man ought to wonderſeeſ ing the Hareſ of Helweria do in the Winter time turne white, and of theſe white Weaſelſ, or Arminſ there are aboundance in the Nerthern parteſ of Europe , where their Sum— merſ areſbort, and theit Winterſ long:and theſe white Weaſelſ differ nothing from the common vulgar Weaſelleſ of other colourſ, except that their haire ſticke faſter to their 30 backeſ; and it iſ obſcrued, that in Ry//h/a the Nobleſt Womenare apparailed with theſe Skinneſ: And there iſ a VVoode in Sceamdivanza ( called Lapzeracca ) which iſ foureſcore Milelong,, wherein are aboundance of white VVeaſelſ, and the Kingſ tenteſamong the Turtareanſ are ſaid to be conered allover with the ſkinneſ of Lyonſ without, and the walſ to be hung with theſe A7m/nſ or white VVeaſelſ within ; and although the price of theſe 3kinneſ be very deete among them (for ſometimeſ ſo many aſ are vſed in one Garment will coſt two thouſand Crownſ)yet do the people earneſtly ſeeke after them, accounting itnoſmallhonor, to weare ſo much wealth vpon their backeſ. Now the reaſon why theſe beaſtſ came to be called Armilini, iſ from Armillaa chaine, becauſe they did weare them in tringeſ about their Garmentſ like chaineſ; and although 49 thatſome of the Alpine Mice bee all white, and likewiſethe Pontique Mouſe, yet there muſtbe a difference obſerued betvvixt theſe VVeaſelſ which are properly called A7minſ and thoſe Mice which areſo called, onely by way of reſemblance, aſ we haue ſhevved al. ready in their ſtorieſ . © And ofthe Pontique Moulſe, I may adde thuſ nruch more, that they live in the winter timein hollow treeſ, wherein they become aſ white aſ Snow allo» ouer, except their taileſ, and are in quantity like Squirrelſ,but in the end of May they turn ſomewhat red, becauſe thatthen they give themſelueſ to copulation and generation of young oneſ , when they lay aſide their whiteneſſe, and line many dayeſtogether in carnall copulation, among the greene and freſh Hcarbs,leaumg beþlndc themſuch ranckeand vaſauory ſmelſ,aſ are very odiouſ to a good ſcent: And it iſ ſaid that euery three yeare their »kinſ through aboundance of foode grow greater and greater , to the exceeding com— modity of Marchantſ and ſkinnerſ in Norway ,and Ze//yngiaſ. ut ſ Therearecertaine little Foure—footed—beaſteſ called Lemmar, or Lexmm#, }VhlCh in Jſi*ſſſihe bea tempeſtuouſ andrainy weather , do ſeeme to fall downe from the cloudeſ, W*ſid'ſſ WonE,: yer yetfound , whether their beginning aroſe firſt from heauen or earth, but thiſ iſ cer— amne ALiG ſ — aame | } | ,Z . E 7228 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. taine thataſſoone aſ cuer they haue ſallen to the ground, ſome of them have bin opened, and in their bowelſ haue bin found greene bearbeſ , and therefore I maruaile why ener it ſhould be belecued that theſebeaſtſ are bred of ſome feculent matter in the cloudeſ; but if any man aſke me from whence then haue they their beginuing,Ianſwer from the earth, even aſ Loce/?ſ and Catterpillerſ, who are ſaid in holy ſeripture to be carryed to and fro with the windſ, and ſo theſe beaſtſ being deſtitute of naturall food in their placeſof gene— ration,do aduance themſelueſ into the wind , and ſo are catrried into other ſtrange and vn. knowne countrieſ, wherethey falllike Locuſtſ vpon every greene thing lining vntill the have deuoured all, but when once they taſtof new grown Hearbſ, they periſhand dy;by 10 meaneſ whereof they encreaſe great peſtilence and corruption, but the Ar%/inſ or 47.. minſ, do eate and deuoure them. Now the ſ»kinſ of theſe beaſtſ are exceeding delicate hauing in them dinerſ colourſ, and therfore the people fiea them off from their bodieſ, and ſel them by thirty or forty in bun.. dieſ for great price, but of theſe ſkinſ I haue ſayd enough,both here and elſe where. The wild weaſelſ differ not from the vulgar domeſticall weaſell, their foreteeth are ſhort, and notlonglike a Mouſeſ,the face broad , their genital part like a foxeſ;their taile ſhort, their legſ and claweſ ſhort, ſtrong and ſharp ,and it iſ reported by S#/abo, that the Weaſelſ of Mauritaniaare aſ big aſ Catſ, but their gaping and opening of their mouthmuch longer and wider. There iſ an Iſland called Dordoce/ena,on the onefide whereof (aſ Pliny writethy . thereare weaſelſ, and through the middle there iſ a way ouer whichthey neuer paſſe, and ** onthe otherſide there are not onely not any bred, but alſo if they be brought into it they dic and periſh, and ſo likewiſe it iſ reported of Beozia. They make themſelueſ caueſ and holeſ in the earth, rockſ, and walſ, wherin they lodge, into the which they frame two paſſageſ or dooreſ, one into the South, the other intothe Placeſ of __ North(tcſembling herein the Squyrrelſ)that ſothey may be free from the wind on which Phatabodſ ei buertt bloweth, ſometimeſ they get into ſtackeſ of Hay and ſtraw, and their they lodge—thoſeweaſelſ which line neare honſeſ ſleep not much,for they haue bin ſeen abroad all the winter time, not orly the vulgar but the Ar/vſ, neither are they vathankfullvneo the country menin whoſe houſeſ they lodge, for they kill, eat, and douour all manner of Mice, Ratſ , and Moldſ ,for becauſe of their long ſlender bodieſ, they are apt to creepin— 30 to the holeſ of the earth and narrow paſſageſ, fetching their prey from thoſe placeſ,whec— ther catſ cannot come, therefore in Heluetia the country men nouriſh them more then Catſ,becauſe they deſtroy more virmin then Catſ. The harme they do iſ to Henſ, chic= kinſ ,and Eggeſ,and yet ſome {ay they eat the Eggeſ and let the henſ alone :they are like= wiſe enimieſ to geeſe, and devoure their Eggeſ, and Aclianwſ writeth, that if they come vato dead men, they will pull out their eieſ in ſuch manner aſ they do Eggeſ, and there— fore ſuch carkaſeſ are to be watched againſt them. Amy»zaſ writeth,that the Shxew—monſe iſ conceived betwixt a mouſe and a weaſell, which opinion iſ not only ridiculouſ but .im— poſſible, for how iſ it likely that a mouſe will engender with that beaſt which lyeth in waite to deſtroy her.It iſ alſo ſaid that a weaſell fighteth withthoſe ſerpentſ that hunt after Mice, for no other cauſe, but to gaine the prey from him. 42 Their copu— There iſ nothing in thiſ beaſtmore ſtrange, then their conception and generation, for lationand they do not engender nor couple in their hinder partſ,like other foure—footed—beaſtſ,but S©2SP*P. artheir eareſ and bring forth their young oneſ at their mouth, and for thiſ cauſe Ariſteaſ writeth,che Ieweſ were forbidden to eatthem,for thiſ their action waſ an emblem of fol— ly, and offooliſh men ,which can keep noſecretſ butviter al that they bear (thuſ ſaith hey but we that are chriſtianſ knew other reaſonſ, vyhy the Tevveſ vvere forbid to eate them. The Egyprianſ make of it another ſign, for they ſay that their copulation atthec eare, and. generation at the mouth, are emblemſ of ſpeech which iſ fir ſt taught to the eare, and then vitered by the tongue : there be other againe that hold thiſto be a fable :And PopeCle— men vyriteth ,that they conceineatthe mouth, and bring forthat the eare, many ſay it iſ true of the vveaſell of the Sea, but not of the Weaſell of the earth, vvhich iſ therefore called Co/lipar4, and thiſ they vvould confirme by another fable of Meduſa , vwhoſc head after it vvaſ cut off,it iſ ſaid to bring forth Chyyſaor and Pegaſi@z<ſome do alledge for thiſ opinion, that the Crovveſ and the 7b% do conceiue at their moutheſ, but thiſ iſ certaine, that Of the Wealſell. thatthey Yſimucplac?s of conception vnderneath their tailſ like other Fout—foored: beaſtſ aſid.zhcrc.o'rc how it ſhould cometo paſſe, that their young oneſ ſhould come foorth azct theirmeuthſ, Icannot eaſily learne.It may be that the opinion thereof firſt aroſe from the ſig_htofſſſomc old one carrying ber young inher mouth, for the young oneſ arevery ſma]l likeMice, and thcſiſircforcxgs likely th?;t theyremoue them to and fro aſ Catteſ doe theiryoung oneſ forthey areimcontinuall feare, leaſt they ſhould be taken and deſtroied by men, or by ſome otherEnimy: beaſt. The dung of weaſelſ dothſmel many timeſ like muſk, the reaſon whereof we haue ſhe— wed you—in another pl_acc,alof themin general hauea moſtrankeand filthy ſauour .It iſ a 1o raueving and d;flro_\gctng beaſt,and a_-}rho_ugh thebody of itbevery ſmall, yet iſ the witte and vaderſtanding ofit very great, for with ſimngulac Are and ſubtilty it compaſſeth hiſ prey,wherupon therelyeththiſ hiſtory of Guluwzhiſthe maidof.A4/ckmena; aſ Perottuſ ob— ſcmcrh: out of (_)x.id. VVhen J?/ckmſictmz waſ in long tratielland childe—birth, it iſ ſaid that the maid perceiuing ſhee waſ hindered by Laucina, craftily obtained not onely theknow— ledge ofthe cauſe by Zacina, but alſotheremedy ; whercuponſhe eaſed her Lady, (like a tucand fſſaithfſiul_ſcruaut) ofmany paineſ. Luciva ſecing thathewaſ beguiled by Galanthiſ, and that her crafty withad ouer—reached a Goddefſle, ſhee turned her into a VVeaſell for her punniſhment, that aſ ſhe haddinned by revealing the counfel ofthe Goddeſle, ſo ſhe ſhould be punniſhed to bring forth al her young oneſ at hir mouth, aſ weaſelſ doe ; and 20 for thiſ occaſion the Domeſticalweaſellike a maide doth continumallyliue inhouſeſ, and hercolour yellowiſh likethe ,haire of G4a/anzhi# ? thuſ ſay they of metamorphofin g and tranſforming. 2 E o Otherſſome ſayythat when Alckreza waſ intrauel of Herealeſhauing indured long tor— mentſ, ſhe waſ deliveredby the ſightof a weaſelwhich came in her preſence, and there— fore the Theban Grzcianſ doreligiouſlie worſhip a weaſel.for they ſay that aſit waſ noriſnt by Heccate the Goddefſe,ſo itdidnoriſth Hercaleſ; but heerein they take Ga/e for Galanthiſ aforeſaid, that iſ, a weaſel ; for Alckmera/eſ maid, and ſeeing we haue begunne toralkeof tranſformationſ, I wiladde another thinge out of Stobewſ, not impertinent to thiſ com— mon place, for he writeth in the diſpraiſe of women, that the dinerſitie of their diſpoſiri— 30 onſ perſwadeth him that ſome of them are derived from one beaſt, and ſome from ano— ther: and namely thoſe which come of weaſel elſ, are a miſerable, ſullen ; and ſorrowfulkind ofwomen, to whome nothing iſ pleaſing , delightfull, or acceptable, but haning no mind to the pleaſure of Peewſ, loathing hir huſband, burteth herneighborſ, robbeth herſelf, and denuoureth conſecrated and hallowed thingſ, even afterthe manner of weaſelſ,which willtake a booty from the altar: Thuſſaith he, which I belecueto be true in the compa— tiſon, but not in the generation or tranſmutation of women from weaſelſ. I do maruaile how it came to paſſe that a weaſell waſ called, an vnhappy, infortunate, and vnolucky beaſt among Hunterſ, for they held opinion heere in England, thatif they meet with a weaſel in the morning, they ſhalnotſpeed welthat day, therefore the Grzeci— go Iſ ſay Galeſteir, and Altratuſ hath an excellentEmblem, whereby hec inſinuateth that it iſ not good to have a weaſel run vppon oneſ left hande, and thereforeaduiſethaman to give ouer hiſ enterprize, after ſuch an Ovien.Now althoughT would haue no wiſeman to ſtand in feare ofſuch a ſuperſtitionſ conceit, yet I wilſubſcribe hiſ verſeſ, more for vari— ety and elegancie, thenfortruth : Auſpiciiſ reſ coepta maliſ bene tedere neſcit Felici que ſunt owine fait a innant —_ OQuicquidageſ muſtela (7, tibi occurret omitte Signa male hac ortiſ beſtia prana gerit. } e It hould ſeeme thatthe beginning of thiſ opinion did comefromthe puniſhment of ._ a certain general of the Coriz#hianſ nauy , who being periured in breaking hiſ faith to that * ſtate, came running awaie from them; and they ſaie that afterwardſ he could neuer fleep, but that be dreamed weaſelſ came and torchiſ fleſh ſrom hiſ bodie : Atlaſtthrough an— guilh and greefe of mind, he ſlue him{elf, cheſe thingſ are ſeſſpo_ſ:cd by Herac[ides,wh!ch whether they be true or falſe, are but a ſillie andſlender forndation to buildvpon them a Propheticalopinion,or preſagefuture enilſ, and ſo I willeaue the morral part of the w;:ſi;'-ſſ ! Clk 729 The fſignif— cation of a Weaſelſ oc= currence, IP Vyſinuſ. Actoiſ eAdiceuna The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. ſel, and returneagaine to the natural. They hanue knowledge like miceandratteſ, to run eut of houſeſ before their downefal. They line in hatred with the ſerpent that hunteth mice, for by cating of Rue they drivue them out of houſeſ wherein they inhabite;and thiſ iſ a wonderfulworke of God, that thiſ ſilly beaſt ſhould hane theknowledge of the viruue of that hearbe,and not oncly arme her ſelfe with it, becauſe it iſ hatefulto. Serpentſ, and they in no wiſe in nature able to abide it, butalſo by it toreſtore to life againe her younge oneſ after they are dead. E } There iſ a poiſon in Weaſelſ which deſtroyeth the Cockatrice, for whenthe VVeaſel findeththe Cockatriceſ hole or den,ſhe layeth her poiſon in the mouth therokwhereby twocontrary natureſ meet and fight, and the leſſer ouercommeth the greater, and thiſ. iſ affirmed both by Plipy and Solinmſ; wheretore allmaner of cattle do feare weaſclſ. They huntalilmanner of birdſ, pulling out theyr throate aſ a wolfe docth a ſheepeſ. They will play with Hareſ till they haue wearied them, and then deſtroy them, they are in perperu. alenmity withſwine, Rauenſ, Croweſ, and Catſ, foralthough Catſ ſometm}cs ſetvpon them, yetthey cannot ouerceme them. In many placeſ of 2#aly they arenouriſhed tame, foraſ Ferretſare vſed to fetch Conieſ out of the earth, ſo are weaſelſ by tying a ſtringe a— bout their necke to fetch young Pigeonſ out of Dote—coteſ,and birdſ out of their neſtſ. If the pouder of a weaſetbe ginen vato a Cocke, Chickenſ, or pigeonſ;it iſ ſaid they ſhal neuer be annoied by weaſilſ. & Likewiſe if the braine of a weaſel, beemingled with a rennet in checſeſ, itkeepeth them from being touched with mice or corrupted withage.The fleſh of a weaſel iſ notv— ſed for meat , but'dried and preſerued for medicineſ. The powder thereot mixed with wa— ter drivethaway mice, by caſting the gall of Ste//iw in a houſe where V V eaſelſ are gathe— red togither, and then by oile of bitter Almondſ, or ſalt Ammoniak they are killed, but if one of their taileſ be cut off, al thereſidue do forſake the houſe. And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice concerning the Hiſtory of VVeaſelſ, now followeth the medicineſ arifing out of their bodieſ. T he medicineſ ariſing from the W eaſcl. A weaſel being applied vito thoſe which are troubled with Agueſ or Quarterne Fea— uerſ, doth in ſhort time cure them..It dothalſo being mingled with other thingeſ make a wonderful pleaſant mollifying medicine for thoſe which are troubled with the goutor any other infirmity in the ioynteſ, and eaſeth thoſe which hanuea continual ache in the head, leauing a certaine matter on the top thereof, and ſtroking it fromthe forcheadeto the binder part of the head. For thecuring alſo of the gout,;thiſ iſ an excellent remedy.To take a little yong whelp aline wel fatred, and a liuing weaſel in nine pinteſ of oile, and vato the ſame two or three poundſ of Butter, and to boilethem together, vatilthe Beaſteſ be madelanke or lither, 30 and then to put your handſ or feet a whole daic in hot oile wel ſtrained. Av/cenpa attribu— 4 teth certaine thingſ to weaſelſ fleſh only,which the claſſical Authorſ rather aſcribe to the powder of weaſelſ which aretheſe : to beapplyedto the gout, being drunk in wineagainſt the falling fickneſſe, and the head—ache, but it iſ accounted an eſpeciall remedy againſt the bitingſ of Scorpionſ. The fleſh of a weaſelbcing taken, iſ a verie goodand effeQual preſeruatiue againſte al poiſonſ. Theſame being taken in meat, the head and feet onely caſtawaic, docth helpſ thoſe which are troubled with VVenneſ or buncheſ in the fleſh, being firſtanointed with theblood of the ſame beaſt. The blood of a weaſeliſ very wel applied tobroken or exulce— rated ſoreſ in the fleſh. The ſame vertue hath the whole bodie of a weaſelboiled in wine, being in the manner of a plaiſter placed thereunto. For the expelling of the gouttake a / dead weaſel, andboile him in oyle, vntil it be made liquid, then ſtraine forththe oile,and Theplraſtuſ mingle it with wax, faſhioning the ſame in the forme of a plaiſter, and thiſ being in good order applyed,, wil in very ſhort time expel it quiteaway, A houſe weaſel iſ wont to be burned for dinerſ remedieſ, and to be imbowelled with ſalte 10 20 40 59 of the Weaſel. 73 nddriedin a ſhade. B t onke nitſ ſalt, and d Ga | ut there arſicſiſoctnſſſſcla\c writerſ which affirme, that a weaſell iſ Diſſtoridſ better being dried or burned for the ſaid diſeaſe,then vſed in the aforeſaid manner ſo E TT ay Set $ atoretaid ma me alſo which are more fooliſh, think it beſt, being onely 1 it i bei a »dcing onely ſalted,but it iſ more proper t vſedin the fir t manner. V PEREEEOEITDY e bodieſ of creatureſ which ar i Hhire Thſſhbc "i vm;]cetc t cf:{aſicſ dry by nature being dryed by the ſprinkling of ſalt vp— on Sare voi | Yroodc, for a certaine man going about to ſalt a Hare, made it like vato a dryed weafel. Some haue written that the fleſh of a Hedge—hog dried, doth ve Stolit thoſ>= which 2 ; E famgaim a o voſr","— ry much profit ſiſihoſi which are troubled with an outward or inwatde lcp})ofie : which if it can cfi.ctſſ, it w ill m(iȝſic ſi'þrongſi, l}ſictuc a dr}- 108 torce or power reuen aſ the fleſh of a wea— ſell being dried and drunke in wine, expeileth poiſon. A vulgar weaſell beingkept very 1d drunke in VVi a harer wirye tweryhy Ma 4 " " olc_i a},_'dſix.ſi ke in V V z;-'c,totl.cſſquſiu.my of two dramſ, iſ accounted apreſent remedy a— gainſt the venome or ſtingſ of ſerpentſ. & ina warſal baiar nnarie ſ 4 ( : : f A y om\(g_ \V_-Z\ſiCxb\.l.\,:_z pre .uc_d? aſ iſ before ſaid, that iſ to ſay imbowelledwith ſalte, iſ of gvoodſſ.oz ce againſt all iI medicineſ. A weaſel vſed in the ſame maner doth preſentlie curethe biteſ of ferpenſr. A weaſel being brentand dryed, eſpecially the belly thereof iſ t atedar cell + hof in: 1 wialſ \ > + aſſcſi-ouſifſſlſſd[:ilfſſ _f__.cm rcmcd}ſſſ againſtthe bxtſſngs of any other wl_ldc beaſt, Someſinall part ofthe belly of a young weaſel to the quantity of two dramſ being ſtuſfed with Cori— ander, and driunke in wine, iſ given to thoſe that are ſinitten by ſerpenteſ, and iſ curable + ar " ,\ 2 e — ; I i — , 1 ; for .hſi.n.ctſlctc flſſ:ſh of a v.ſ:.lſſid being burſint,mmg]ed with rue and wine, and ſo drunke, iſ very medicinable for the curing of the biteſ ofal creatureſ. The young whelpſ of weaſelſ p;;. þen:g unb(i\-fclled wzthf;xlr,ſi._s very p rofitable for the healing of the deadly ſtinging or bi— ting of the ſpider called Phatanginm. — The whelp of a weaſeldoth curethe venomouſ bitingſ of theſhrew. The fleſh of a wea ſelbeing dried,doth ſtrongly dry and ſeperat,by both which forceſ thoſe are heald which iterumgque lupuſ exiſtit. That iſ, They returneto their former conditionſ, and b;come aſ rdauening aſ they were before;ſNeither ought thiſ to ſeem ſtrange vnto any nzan,ff)r the like thingſ are formerly reported ofthe Lyon,and iviſſ2id that vvolueſaremoſtdanrge— rouſ to be met vvithalroyvardſ the enening,becauſe oftheirfaſting al the day l_ſſ-ſhſctz\ffld. for thiſ iſalledged theſaying of holy ſeripture vvhere the prophetſ make mention of Lapi Feſertin,but vvehaue ſhevvedalready inthe ſtory of the H y?u,vvhat thoſe ſignific. t * YY 3 L mM [AD \_Z The ſetier al parteſ , > 3 7438 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. It iſ ſaid that Wolueſ doealſo.cate a kind of earth called 7g///ſ , which they doe not for bunger, but to make their bellieſ waigh hcau}gro the inteo: , thatwhen they. ſet vpon a Horſſe, an Oxe, a Hart, an Elke, or ſome fuch ſtrong beaſt, they may waigh the heaui— er, and hang faſtar their throateſ cillthey haue pulled them downe, for by vertue of that tenctiouſ earth, their teeth are ſharpened, and the waight of their bodieſ encreaſed; but w hen they have killed the beaſt that they ſet ypon,before they touch any part othiſ fleſh, Albortzſ by akind of: naturalvomit,chey diſgorge themſelueſ,and empty their belkieſ of the earth, aſ vnprofitablefood. The remainder of their meate they alwaieſ coucr in the earth : and if there be many 15 ofthem in hunting together, they equally deuide the prey among them all, andſame— rimeſ it iſ ſaide, that they howle and call their felloweſ to that feaſt which are abſent, if their prey be plentifull . Now thiſ they haue common with Lyonſ, in their greateſt ex— tremity of hunger,that when they haue clection of a man and a beaſt , they forſakethe Man and take the Beaſt . Someare of opinion, that when theyareoldethey grow weary of their lineſ ,andthat thereforethey come vnto Cittieſ and Villageſ, offering them— ſelueſ to be killed by men, but thiſ thing by the relation of AZFpbw iſ a very fable; for hee profeſſeth that heſaw an old Wolfe come into a Village,and ſet vpon a Virgin to deſtroy and eate her, yethe waſ ſo old that he had fcarſe any teeth in hiſ head, but by good hap company being at hand, the maid waſ ſaued , and the Wolfe waſkilled. Now thoſe Wolueſ that are moſt ſluggiſh and leaftgiven to hunting, are moſt ready 20 to ventur@vpon men, becauſe they louenor to take much paineſ in getring their living : — Thiſ Wolfe iſ called Via/pe#ſ,but the induſtriouſ Hunting Wolfe Xymegeiſeia. It iſ repor— ted that a Wolfewillnener venture vpon a liuing man, except he haue formerly tafted of thefleſh of a dead man, butof theſe thingſ IT haue no certainety, but rather doc beleeue . the contrary; thatlike aſ Tyrantſ in an euill grieued eſtate, do pick quarrelſ againſt euery man thatiſ rich for the ſpoyle of their goodſ, accounting them their enimieſ, how well ſoeuer they haue deſerued at their handeſ . In like manner, Wolueſ in the time of their hunger fall vpon all Creatureſ that come in the way, whether they be Men or Beaſteſ, without partiality to fill their bellieſ, and that eſpecially inthe winter time, wherein they are not afraid to come to honſeſ and cittieſ. 30 They devoure Doggeſ when they get them alone, and Elkeſ in the kingdome of Nor— . way , but for Doggeſ it hath beene ſeene, that they hane lived in a kind of ſociety and fel— lowſhip with Wolueſ, butit waſ toſteale and denoure in the night time, like aſ Thecueſ do coucr their mallice and ſecret grudgeſ one to other,whenthey are going aboutto rob true mmen . Wolueſareenimieſto Affeſ, Bulleſ, and: Foxeſ, forthey feede vppon their fleſh, and there iſ no Beaſtthat they take more cafily then an Aſfſe, killing him without all daunger, aſ we haue ſhewed already in the ſtory of an Aſſe. They alfſo devoure Goateſ and Swyne of all forteſ, exceptBoreſ, whodoe not eaſily yeald vnto Wolueſ . Itiſ ſaidthat a Sow hath reſiſted a Wolfe, and that whene figh— teth with her, hee iſ forced to viehiſ greateſt craft and ſutrelty, leaping to and from her with hiſ beſtactiuity , leaſt ſheſhouldlay her teeth vpon him, and ſo at one time deceine 4 him of hiſ prey , and deprive him of hiſ life . It iſ reported of one that {aw a Wolfeina Wood, take imhiſ mouth a peece of Timberof ſome thirty or forty pound waight, and withthathedid pradiſeto leape ouer thetrunke of atreethat lay vpon the earth;ar length when he perceived hiſ own abilicy and dexterity in leaping with that waight in hiſmouth, he did there make hiſ caue and lodged bchinde that tree 5 at laſt it fortuned there came a wild Sow to feeke for meatalong by that tree, with diuerſ of her pigſ following her, of differentage,ſome a yeare old, ſome halfe a yeare, and ſome leſſe .. When heſaw them neare him, he ſuddenly ſet vpon one of them, which he conieCured waſ about thewaite of Woed which he carried in hiſ moutch,; and when he had taken him, whileſt the old Sow cametodeliuer her pig at hiſ firſt crying, heſuddenlyleaped ouer thetree withthepig in hiſmouth, andſo waſ the poore Sow beguiled of her young one, for ſhe could not leape afterhinſ, and yer might ſtand and ſeethe Wolfe to eate the Pigge—whichheehadtaker from her , It iſ alſo ſayd , that when they willdeceine Goateſ, they come vato them with the greene leaueſ and ſmall bougheſ of Offerſ in their moutheſ , ( wherewithall they know ſſtl)c ]ſiIſOZ C 7\9 know Goatſ aredelighted thatſo they may drawthem therewith, aſ to a baite to devuoure them. — Their manner iſwhen they falvpon a Goat or a Hog,or ſomeſuch other beaſtof ſmal ſtature, not to kil them,but to lead them by the eare withal the ſpeed they can drine them totheir fe_HoW Wolueſ, and if the beaſtbe ſtubborne and wil not runne with him, then he beateth hiſ hinder partſ with hiſ taile,in the mean time holding hiſ ear faſt in hiſ mouth, whereby he cauſeth the poore beaſt to run aſ faſt or faſter then himſelfe vntothe place of hiſ own c_cxec.mmon,whcſſre he findeth a crew of ranening Wolueſ.to entertainehim,who athiſ firſtappearance ſeize vpon him, andlike Divelſ teare him in peeceſ in a moment, leauing nothing vneaten but onely hiſ bowelſ, to _But if it be a ſwine that iſ ſo gotten, thenit iſ ſaid, that they lead him to the waterſ and therekithim, for if they eat him not out of cold water, their teeth doth burne with an vn— tolerable heat. The Hartſ when they haveloſttheir horneſ doclice in ſecret, feeding b night for feare of the Wolueſ vatil their horneſ do growagaine which are their cheefeſt defence. The leaſt kind of VVolueſ we haue ſhewed already , doeLine vpponthe hunting of Hareſ, and generally al of them are enemieſ to ſheepe, for the fooliſh ſheep in the day timeiſ eaſily beguiled by the Wolfe,whoattheſight of the ſheepe maketh an extraordi— nary noiſe with hiſ foot , whereby he callech the fooliſh ſheepe vnto him ; for ſtanding a— mazedat the noiſe he falleth into hiſ mouth and iſ devoured: but when the Wolfe in the night time commethvnto a folde—of ſheep,he firſt of al compafſſeth it roundabout, watch— ing both the Shepheard andthe Dogge, whether they be aſleepe or awake, for if they be preſent and like to reſiſt, then he departeth without dooing any harme, butifthey beab— ſent or aſleepe, then looſeth he no opportunity,but entereth into the fold, and falleth a killing, neuer giuing ouer til be have deſtroyed al, except he behindered by the approch 7zxr,, of one'or other; for hiſ manner iſ not to eat any til he hauekilledal, not becauſe hee fea— eAllemſ, reth the ouer—linerſ wil tel taleſ,but for that hiſ inſatiable mind thinketh he can never bee ſatiſfied; and then when alare ſliine he fallethto eat one of them. } Now although therebe great difference betwixthim and a Bulboth in ſtrengthand ſta— ture, yet iſ he not affraid to aduenture combat,.truſting in hiſ policy more then hiſ vigor, for when he ſetteth vpon a Bul, he commeth not vpon the front for feare ofhiſ horneſ,, 30 noryetbechind him forfeare of hiſ heeleſ , but firſt of al ſtandetira loofe from hum, with . hiſ glaring eyeſ, daring and prouoking the Bul, making often proferſ, to comeneerevn— Elantitſ tohim;yet iſ wiſe enough to keepealooferill heſpy hiſ aduauntage,andthen heleapeth ſuddenly vpon the backe ofthe Bullat the one ſide, and being ſo aſcended, taketh ſuche hold that he killeththe beaſtbefore helooſen hiſ teeth. It iſ alſo worth theobſernation, how he draweth vato him a Calfethat wandereth from the dam, for by ſingular treache: rie he taketh him by the noſe, firſt drawing him forwarde, and then the poore beaſtſtri— veth and draweth backward, and thuſ they ſtruggle togither, one pulling one way,and the other another, till at laſt the Wolfe perceiving aduantage, and feeling when the calfe pulleth heauyeſt; ſuddenly he lettech go hiſ hold, whereby the poore beaſtfalleth backe 4 vponhiſ buttockſ; and ſo'downeright vpon hiſ backe ; then flyech the Wolfe to hiſ bel— ly which iſ then hiſ vpperpart, and eaſily tearethout hiſ bowelſ,ſoſatiſfienghiſ hunger—» greedy appetite: But if they chance to ſee a Beaſtin the water, or in themarthy emcom— bredwithmire, they come ronnd about him, ſtopping vpalthe paſſageſwherche ſhold comeout,; baying athim, andthreatning him, ſo aſ the poore diftreſſed Oze plungſicth himſelſernany timeſ ouer headand earſ ,or at the leaſt wiſetheyſovexhim in the mire, that they nener ſuffer him to come out alite. CTHRLO SHOW B Hiw SDID V Atlaſſwhentheyperceiuchim to bedead and cleanewitholir lifebyſuffoacation, It iſ nhotable to obſerue their ſingolar ſubtiley todrawe him ourof the_: mire; whereby they may eat him; for one of theni goeth in, andtaketh the beaſtby the taile—whodraweth withalthe powerhecan;forwit without ftrengrh may berterkilalineBeaſt;thenremoue adeadonc out of the mitre :therefore helooketh behind bimand callerhformore helpe, thenpreſently anotherof the wolueſ takeththarfirſtwoſueſ 'tailin hiſmouth, and a third ,}...;. wolfe the ſecondſ, a fourth the thirdſ , a fift the feurth, and ſo:—forward, encreaſing theyr ſtrength, vnſilz'nc;} havue pulled the beaſt o into the dry lande : whereby you may l Z—; —< 41 50 3 4.0 The Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. how theytormentand ſtrerch their ownebodieſ, biting their taileſ mutually, pinching and ſtraining euery loynt vatil they have compaſled their deſitre, and thatno man ſhold thinke it ſtrange for a Welfe to kilan Oxe,lt iſ reported that Dawanſ did build a temple to Apolle at Argoſ, in the very ſame place where he ſaw a Wolfe deſtroy an Oxe, becauſe he receined intruCion thereby , that he ſhould be king of Greece. VWolueſ arealſo ene. mieſto the Buffeſ, and thiſ iſ no macuaile, ſeeing that it iſ confidently reported by Acli— anuſ, that in time of great famine when they get nomeat, they deſtroy one another;for when they meet together, cach one bemoaning himſelſe to other, aſ it were by copſent they run round in a circle,and that Wolfe which iſ firſt giddy , being not able to ſtande, falleth downeto the ground, and iſ denoured by the refiduc, for they teare him in pee.. ceſ, before they can ariſe againe. Pliny affirmeth thatthere be Wolueſ in Italy, whoſe ſight iſ hurtſull to men,for whea Yſiſijxſifm " a man ſeeth one of them, though he hane never ſo much defitre to ery out, yet hee hath } no power : but the meaning of thiſ iſ, aſ we find in other writerſ, that if a Wolfe firſtſee a man, the man iſ ſilent, and cannotſpeake, but if the man ſee the Wolfe, the Wolfe iſ ſilent and canot ery, otherwiſe the rale iſ fabulouſ and ſuperſtitiouſ, and thereupon came the pronerbe Lapuſ in fabula eſt, to ſignific ſilence. Now alchough theſe thingſ are repor— ted by Plato, Ruelling, Vincentiuſ ,& Ambroſyyet I rather beleeue them to be fibulouſ the true, howbeit Albeyzſſſ writeth, that when a man iſ inſuch extremity ,if he haue power but to looſe hiſ cloke or garment from hiſ backe,, he thal recoucr hiſ voice again. And Sexzuyſ 20 ſaith, that in caſe one of theſe Wolueſ do ſee a man firſt, if he haue about him the tip of a wolueſ taile he ſhalnot neede to feare anieharme. There be a number of ſuch like taleſ concerning wolueſ and other ereatureſ, (aſ that of PithagoraſyA beaſt making watervp— on the vrine of a wolfe, ſhalneuer conceine with young. All domeſtical Foure—footed— beaſtſ, which ſee the cic of a wolfe in the hand of a man, wil preſently feare and runnea— way. }iſ the taile of a wolfe be hung in the cratch of Oxen, they can neuer eat their meate. If ahorſe tread vpon the foote—ſtepſ of a wolfe which iſ vnder a Horſe—man orRider, hee breaketh in peeceſ, or elſe ſtandeth amazed. If a wolfe treadeth in the footſte ppeſ of a horſe which draweth a waggon, he cleaucth faſt in the rode, aſ if he were frozen.. 30 If a mare with foale tread vpon the foorſtepſ of a wolfe, ſhe caſtethher foal, and there fore the Egyptianſ when they ſignifeabortment, doe piure a mare treading vppong wolueſ foot. Theſe and ſuch other thingſ are reported , (but I cannot tell how true) aſ ſu— pernatural accidentſ in wolueſ. The wolfe alſo laboureth to ouercome the Leoparde,and followeth him from place to place, but foraſmuch aſ they dare not aduenture vpoo him ſingle or hand to hand, they gather multitudeſ and ſo denuoure them. YVVhcn wolueſ fet vpon wilde Boreſ, although they bee at variance amonge themſelueſ, yet they gine ouer their mutual combatſ, and oy ne together againſtthe VVolfe theit common aduerſarie. For theſe occaſionſ a wolfe hath enermore bin accounted a moſtfyerce and wilde beaſt, A hiſtery. _aſ may further appeare by thiſ Hiſtoric following.VVhen Exriſtameſ and Prockeſ intended to marie the Daughterſ ofſome Grzecian, that ſo they might ioyne themſelueſ in perpe— 49 tualleaguceandamity by affinity, they went to DelpÞoſ to aſke counſclof. Apollo in what place they ſhould meet with their wiveſ. Apollo gauethemanſwere, that when they ſhould meet with an extreame wild beaſt, aſ they went into Zacedemonia, and yet the ſame beaſte appeare meekeand gentle vnto then, there they ſhould take their wiveſ. When they came into the land of the Cleonianſ they met with 2 wolfe carrying a lambe in hiſ mouth, whereupon they conceiued that the meaning of Apollo waſ, that when they met with a wolfeiin that country, they might very happily andſucceſſively take them wineſ, and ſo they did , for they married with the daughterſ of The/ander Cleenimuſ,averic honeſt man of that countrey. Itiſrepor— ted of Mile Crotaniata ,,that valiant ſtrong man,how vponaſeaſon rending a treein ſunder 5 Men deftroy iBD HEWOOdſ, one of hiſ armeſ waſ taken in the cloſing of the tree,& he hadnot ſtreogth ed by wolueſ CNough tolooſe it againe, but remained thereincloſed in moſt horrible tormentſ vntill a wolfe cameand devoured him. Ormſ The Thelikeſtory vrito thiſ, iſ that which eliazmſ reporteth of Gelowthe Syracuſan,aſchol— ler, vnto \\*hqx)]c thcſſrecame aſſY\"olfe aſ he ſatin the ſchoole writing on hiſ Tableſ, and Celieſ. mo\kſſc the writing Ea-:ſi;lcs out of hz; hand. The ſchoolemaiſter being inraged hffi.cſſ)ſſ,ſſh\ Tietzer, and m\*.o wing him{ _'ſiſii :uſſbc avananrlman,to'okc hold of the ſametableſ in the VVolueſ mouth, and the V V olfe drew ſh_c maiſter and ſchollerſ in hope of recouery of the tableſ outof theſchoole into a plſi_unq field, where ſodainely hee de ſtroyed the ſchoole—maiſter and a huadered{ſcbollerſ, ſparing none but Geleſ, whoſe tableſ were a baite for that prey, for hee waſ not onelynot {laineſ buepreſerned by the V Volfeto the ſingular admiration ofalrheworld; whereby it waſ collected, that that accident did not happen naurally ,but by f.h'c'oucr'ul'ſi:\g Hanid ſſof'God NS = —>» \_ M\ y Lthough notbing hath hitherro beene brought tolight, coricerning the ſca; 4 wolfe ofthe ancient writerſ that Iknow,yethiſ form iſ norable to be oblerned errZ and you may chuſe whether you wil cal him a Theefeor a Sea—monſter, much 353 54 differing from the wolfe—filh, aſ that he ſeemeth to chatlenge a patticular de— ſcription or treatiſe. It iſ alſo a Foure—footed—Beaſt that liueth both on ſea & land,ſatiſfi— ing hiſ bunger onthe moſt part vpon fiſheſ : It hath bin ſeene vponthe Brittaine Ocean ſhoare, and it doth reſemble the wolfe thatlineth on the land, that it iſ net vndeſeruedly called among the common peorle a wolfe. It doth line alſo a long time being ramed,it hath a dangerouſ head,& very many haireſ growing on bothſideſ ofhiſ cicſ to ſhaddow them, hiſ Noſthrilſ and teethare !LL; vnto 2 dogſ ,and ſtrong haireſ growing about hiſ mouth : alſo ſmalbriftleſ growing vprs.ghr vp— or hiſ back — and adoxned and marked on cuery ſide with black diſtinet ſporſ, a lorg tarle, pejzuymw:, thickand haicy althe other partſ being like toa wolueſ ,2ſ you may eaſily ſee by thiſ cxchſ— ſed picture:and vnto thiſ belongeth the ſtory of the Wolueſlaſt before expreſied which 4 XXX 3 of th line vpon fiſheſ, and denidetherſ familiarly wit Pliy And : Bellu: Arrian Here are two kindſ of Theeſ, aſthere are of Pantherſ, dif— | fering onely in magnitude or greatneſſe. But the leſſer Theeſ iſ like voto the leſſer Panther, a Licgpaxther,, and the Lupuſ canariuſ engendered betwixt a Wolfeand a Dogge, | are allone Foure footed beaſt. The Theeſ alſo are a kind | of Wolfe. Andagaine, there iſa kind of Wolfe which — Ariſtotle dotiſ call Chabez.,; but Auicen doeth write, that it ought to be called Serwet, in the Perſian tongue . Anda— | gaine in anocher place, where he doth write, that the Lion and the Zhoeſ are vitercenemieſ,.and Alberzuſ dothtranſlate * it, thata Wolfe doth fight with the Foure—footed—Beaſt Toboz, which iſ a corrupted word , ZTaboo for Threſ, aſ Cabezx for Thokez.,, and thiſ ſome men think it to be the Lynx: TÞhveſ iſ called in Hxbrew Trahaſ, A/ſhalt iſ a Foure—footed— Beaſtlike to a Welfe , Adedjitach iſ alſo a kinde of Wolfe, but I doe not know whecther theſe nameſ belong onely to the Thaeſ, or to any other kind of Wolfe . Selineſ doth call Thoaſ Acthiopian \Wolueſ, and alittle before he ſayd that ZLycaon waſ an Acthiopian wolfe, 20 mained on the Necke, and ſo diverſ coloured that a man would thinke there were no co— Jourſ wanting in them. The people of Schythia likewiſe ſay , that the Buff doth—change hiſ colourſ, neither iſ there any other beaſt coucred with haire, except the Zycae# among the Indianſ , (aſ Pliny alſo writeth) and beſideſ thiſ there iſ no mention made of the Zyego# among all the anci— ent writerſ: Lycaonſare called Dogſ, in the ſtory of the divuerſitieſ of Doggeſ . The leſſer kind of Theeſ are the beſt,for fome make two kinde of Thecſ, and ſome three, and theſe like Birdſ,and other Foure—footed—beaſteſ , change their colour, both in V Vinter and Summer,ſo that fometime they appeare bare, and againe at other timeſ rough all o— ver, that iſ, bare inthe Summer, and rough in the VVinter, but it doth plainely ſeeme that there iſ no more kind of 7hoeſ but one, which the thingſſ that come after doth prone and make manifeſt. Nearehwe ſaith,that thoſe Tygerſ arenottrue Tygerſ, which are commonly called Tigerſ,but changable Theeſ(aſ if that enery 74025ſ were not changable) and greater then the other Thaeſ. They hatie no reaſon which take the Zypaſ ceynazrinſ for a Theeſ, which weehaue alrea— dy ſhewed to be a Lynx forthe Rh=cianſ whichſpeak Italian,and the Sa@0y22: do to thiſ day call him Cernazrio,and for the Armenian VVolfe the Ciearwſ, and the Lupuſ canarinſ we haue already ſhewed, that it iſ a Panther ,and therefore itiſ needleſſe to ſtand any Ion— ger vppon thoſe nameſ in thiſ place . V Vee will therefore take it for confeſſed,that the Thoeſ iſ aBeaſtengendered betwixt a V Volfe and a Foxc, whereofſome. are greaterand ſeome ſmaller, and theſeare found about the Mountaine Paxgenſ, Cittuſ , Olympuſ, Myſſi— #ſ, Pinduſ, and Nrſa, beyound Syria, reſembling for the moſt part a Hy=cena, hauing a lon— ger body, and a ſtraighrer taile then a VVolfe, and although it bee not ſo high of ſtature, yert it iſ aſ nimble and aſ ſtrong aſ iſ the V Volfe, and it ſeemeth that the very name Theeſ iſ taken from the celerity and ſwiftneſſe in running and leaping, for it getteth hiſ lining by the quickneſſe of hiſ feet. In the outward face it much reſembleth a V Volfe hiſ Father, but in the ſporſ and length of hiſ body it reſembleth a Panther hiſ mother; they couple in generation like dogſ, bringing forth twoor foure ata time like wolueſ, which areblinde, and their feet clouen into many toeſ. They are enimieſ to Lyonſ, and thereforethey doe not line in the ſame place where v . a P 0 Lyonſare, not onely becauſe they line vpon the ſame viGualſ and food, but alſo becauſe / ® ( * they are a morepittifull creature then they,eſpecially to man, for if they fee the faceof ſ manatany cimectſirhcy run vnto him and do himallſuchrenerence aſ their brutiſh nature candemoſtrate. And ſurther Ph/leſ and Selimewrite , that if they ſee a man oppreſled by any other beaſkt of the Wolfe. 751 beaſt, they runne andfight for him , alt it be wi ; beaſt, ch u hbid F " my, wld)ouglut_bſimththeLyon, Netſparing to offer their ownelinueſ, and to ſpend their deareſtbloud in the defence of him, who by ſecret in ſtint of nature they vnderſtand to be ordained of God,the King and chiefe ftofaliwnailt iforſthravet W EVERIRECEE ady & nieteſt of all world— ly creatureſ : therefore Gratimſ calleth thiſ kind ,/emiferam Theem de fanguine prelem and of their taming and fighting with Lyonſ,, he ſpeaketh: P k a —Thoeſ commiſſoſ leoneſ E Et ſubiere aſtu,et paruiſ doninere lacertiſ . Thſiey live for the n]oſt partyppon Hartſ, wh_om they take in the ſwiftneſ of their courſe theſe they bite and ſucke their bloud , then ſufferring them to runne away to ſome M A, 1o aineſ 5 thether they followe them and take them theſecond time', not deſtro ſſiſ-ſi t(})]un- allat once, but by diſtance of time, whereby the hartſ bloud groweth ſ\vcc{cr v}htſi)g\hccm and they have the better appetite thereunto to deſtroy them . The Licopiantherſ andaijſ]5 the beaſt 2P4#hyon whereof Albert=ſ ſpeaketh , I doe take to be two ſeuerall diſh'n:ct bea ſios from the T9ceſ, although the quantiticand ſtature agree, andI ſee no cauſeifthere b-;a- ny ſuch beaſt in the world , but that wee may truly ſiſſſay they arealeſſerkind czfþanthzrs : And thiſ ſhall ſufficeto haneſaid oftheſe beaſtſ , which are deemed to bee of the kind o'f Weolueſ, wherein we hanue endevuored to ſay ſo much ofthe generalland eſpeciall aſ wee cofflde_col?ſicctc out of any good Authorſ 5 and thuſ wee w}ll ſhut vp the Storie of the Woulfe with a ſhort rememberance of hiſ medicinall vertueſ. T he eM idicineſ of aW oulfe. 20 P'\ \ct'\?oſi,slſc being ſodden alive vatillthe bonſſs dſſoc only remaine,iſ very much com— mended for the paineſ of the goute , or a line Woulfe ſteeped in oileand conered with waxe, iſ alſo goo d for the ſame diſeaſe. The ſkinne of a woulfebeing raſted ef thoſe which are bitof a mad or rauenouſ dog doth preſerue them from the feare or hazard of falling into water. The ſkinne of a Wou]f; iſ very profitable for thoſe which are troubled with the wind collicke, if it be bound faſt a— 30 bo nt the belley : and alſoifthe perſon ſo affected doeth ſitvppon the ſaid ſkinne , it will much auaile him . If any labovring or trauailing man doth were the ſkinne of a woulfe a— bout hiſ feete, hiſ ſhooeſ ſhall neuer paine or trouble him. The ſkinne of a woulfe being new plucked off from him, and eſpecially when it bath the naturall heat in it, andſo row— ledaboutthe member wherethe crampeiſ, iſ verie effedQuallagainſtit. The bloud of a woulfe becing mixed with oyle , iſ very profitable againſt the deafe— neſſeofthe eareſ . The dunge and blond of a woulfe iſ much commended,for thoſe that are troubled withthe collicke and ſtone. The bloud of a Bucke, Foxe, or Woulfe being warme , and ſo taken in drinke , iſ of much force againſtthe diſeafe of the ſtone. He which doth eate the ſkinne of a woulfe well 4 tempered and ſodden, willkeepe him'from all cuill dreameſ, and cauſe himto take hiſreſt vietlie. The fleſh of a woulfe being ſodden , and taken in meate, doth helpe thoſe that are lunaticke, The fieſh of a woulfe being eaten,iſ good for procreation of children.Youmay read more thingſ in the Chapter going before , concerning reinedieſ of thefleſh of 2 woulfe taken in meate. The fat of a woulfe iiſ no leſſe efficable,then the fleſh. The fat of a woulfe doth very much profit,being anointed vppon thoſe whoſcioynteſ arebroken.Some of thelater writerſ were wont to minglethe fat of the woulfe,withother cintmentſ for the diſeaſe of the goute. Some alſo doe mingle it with other ointmentſ,for the paulſey.It doth ſoften alſo the Vula,being anointed thereon.The ſamealſo being rub— p;,,;., ed vppon the eieſ, iſ very profirable for the bleardnefſe or bloudſhor of the cieſ . The Sexzuſ. lalſo of a woulfe iſ very good for thoſe that are weake to ſlecpevppon , becing layed illowe . The head ofa woulfebeing burned into aſheſ, iſ a ſpeciallremedie teeth . The right cie of a woulſe being falted, and boundto the body, The cic of a woulfebeing rubbed vppon the cie, ueſ and feauerſ . 1 \ CYPP diſeaſeſ that riſe in the fighzof the cic , and itdothalſo take away al — markeſ forthe looſe ,"_ ty dothdrit eit dothdiminif | | 52 T he Hiſtory of Foure—footed Beaſtſ. markeſ or printſ being made with hot ironſ. Theright cie of a wolfe alſo iſ profitable for thoſe thatare troubled with ſticheſ on the right (ide of the belly,and the left eye of a wolfe for painſ on the left ſide. The right cie of a wolfe iſ very good again#i the bitingſ of dogſ. Alſothe eyc of a wolfe iſ much commended for tho{e thararelunatickeby the bitingeſ of doggeſ. gi'hc teeth of a wolfe being rubbed vpon the gunaſ of young infantſ, dothopenthem, Blhadtſ _whereby theteeth may the eaſier come forth. Againe, the gumſ of children are looſened with the tooth of a Dog, being gently rubbed theron, but they are ſooner brought forcth with the teeth of a Wolfe . Somemen do commend the tongue of a wolfe to bee eaten of 10 thoſe that aretroubled withthe falling ſickneſſe. The arrery which ſpringeth in the throaz of a wolfe being taken in drink, iſ a moſt certaine cure againſtthe Squincy. The throat of a Wolfe taken in drinke , iſ very much commended for thoſe that 2re troubled with the falling ſicknefſe. The lungſ or lightſ of a Welfe being ſodden and dryed, and mingled with pepper,and ſo taken in milke, iſ very profitable for thoſe that are puffedivp ,or ſwol— len in the belly. The heart of a wolfebeing burned and beaten to powder , and ſo taken in drinke, doth help thoſe that are ſicke of thefalling ſickneſſe . Take one ounce ofthe gumofan Oake, and halfe an ounce of the gum of a peare tree, and two dramſ of the powder made of the top of a Hartſ horne,and one dram ofthe hart of a wolſe, al which being mingled togither, and made into medicine,iſ alwaieſ vſed for the cure of al vicerſ:butit wil be more effectual ** if thou doſt adde thereto the hinder part of the ſkull of a man beaten to powder. The Ly— uer of a wolfe iſ of no leſſe vertue then the lungſ or lightſ, which I hanue manifeſted in the medicineſ of the Foxe. The liuer of a Wolfe helpeth or profiteth thoſe thatare ſick of the falling ſickneſſe. The liner of a wolfe being waſhed in the beſt white,and ſo taken, iſvery good for thoſe diſeaſeſ thatariſe in the liner . Theliner of a wolfe mixed in the medicine made of Linerwort, iſ very much commended for the diſeaſeſ in the liner. Galenalſo dothſay,that hehath holpen thoſe which haue bin diſeaſedintheliver,only vſing the me— dicinemade of Liverwort , and he ſaith if he did apply any other medicine thereto., it did lietle or nothing at all profit him. | " The Lyucr of a Wolfe iſ very profitable for thoſe that are troubled with the ſkurfein 30 the mouth. The Lyucr or lapſ of a wolfe iſ much vſed for thoſethat aretroubled with dift eaſeſ in the liver, but you mauſt dry itand afterwardſ beat it to powder,andſo give the par— ty ſo affeGed one dramme of it in ſweet wine. Theliver lapſ of a Wolfe faith Marcelle, being dryed and bearento powder, and a little part of it mingled in like portionſ with the powder made of Fene greeke, of Lupineſ, Wormewood, and of the Hearbe called ZZr— ba maric, and ſo mingled that it may be about the quantity of a cup full, and ſo given him that day which hee iſ nottroubled with thefeauer, but if he ſhall be troubled withit, let him take it in water for the ſpace of three dayeſ, and after hee hath drunke it, Iet him lie for the ſpace of halfe an houre with hiſ armeſ ſpread abroad : and afterwardeſ let him walk very often, but eate very fildome, and Iet him be ſure hekeepe himſelfe for the ſpact of thoſethree daieſ wellordered, and from drinking any cold drinke, or eating any ſalor ſweet thing, and within a little ſpace after he ſhall bee freed from that diſeaſe. The liver lapſ of a Wolfe being wrapped in bay leaueſ,andſo ſet to dry at the Sunne or at the fire, andbeing dryed beateit to powder in 2 Morter , firſt taking away the leaueſ very wari— ly; whichbeing powdered, you muſtkeepe it in a cleane veſſell, and when you give it him to drinke, you muſtadde thereto, two leaueſ of Spoonewort, with tenne graineſ of pep per beaten very ſmall, and aſ muchclarified Hony aſ iſ needfull, and alſo made hot witha hot burning Iron, and mingledvery diligently in a Morter, which beingſo warmed, you muſt give him to drinke ſitting right vp in hiſ bed, that after he hath taken the potion, he Aricex. maylye downe on hiſ rightſidefor theſpace ofan houre, drawing hiſ kneeſ together,and ., after that hee hath done fo, lethim walke vp and downc for the ſpace of an houre, andthiſ willlikewiſe cure him of the ſame diſeaſe. Avi— Of theWeolfſ. 2t Auteen doth ſet downe a medicine concerning the 1; f which is,r-jtkc Opium, Henbane, Oyle madeof. l%caucſſſifsr(?ozgzl,liſſ?;:?ſſecz(f;{gſic lsſiſilſſxf.ſſ nard, Agrimony , the Lyucr of 3W01f?> and the rightHorne of a Goat bumcd,IoſFLaſich Fqffl']l(i (P)?:Z_: ſienlf ZJL(: th:ſi()fia MCGWIUC — The Lyuer of a Wolfe being made inthe Dieſcorideſ Etietbretthalimgerſ Pooreciſ et in a o T oy mlich proficagalalichſ Gugir a Phyloſopher dothaffirme,that the Lyuerofallliving B profitagainſtall paineſ of the Lyuer . The Liuc)r ofa Wolfe gcil?,:?ſi::: tlſſ;v;: yeſſ:jſſg;z Galem drunke in ſweete VVine, doth mitigateallgriefeſ or paineſ of the Lſiyucſ y gſhc [y_jueſi- of Pliny 30 the ſame beaſt to the quantity of a penny , taken in a pinte of ſweete VVine, iſ very medi— cinable for the curing of all paineſ in the Liner whatſocuer. The Linver o,ſaVVc);lſe be— ing taken in hot VVine, doth perfectly cure the cough. If an intollerable Coughdoth vex any man,let him takeof the liner of a wolfe ,cither dried or butnt , aſ much aſ he ſhall thinke c?iſſj;ſſſil:cn{] > aſnd thFrcwith lethim mingle VVine, Honny, and warme water ,and afterward drinketheſame faſting euery day , to the quantity of foure } ſhall inſhortſpace be cured ot'r%c ſamyc. & ironſ ot a un The lapſ or filletſ of a VVolueſ Liner, being applyed vnto theſide, doth perfectly heale any fſticth or pricking ach therein . The Liuer of aWolfe being taken inſweete Wine, doth heale thoſe which are troubled with a priſicke . The Lyuer of a VVolfebe— 20 ing firſt boyled in Water, afterwardeſ dryed, beaten and mingled with ſome certaine potion, doth inſtantly heale the griefe and inflammation of theſtomacke . The powder of a Wolueſ Lyuer mingled with white Wine, and drunke inthe morning for ſome cer— taine daieſ together,doth cure the Droplſie. The Liuver of a V Volfetaken either in meat I. ordrinike; doth aſſwage the paineſ of the ſecret partſ . Two ſpoonefulſ of the powder of | a VVolueſ Lyucr, being given in drinke, docthcure all paineſ orſereſ ofthe mouth. | The Gall of a VVolfe being bound vnto the Nanell ofany man, docth looſenithe \ belly. " | The Gallofa VVolfetaken in wine;, doth heale: all paineſ in the fundament.."The en: | tralſ of a V Volfe being waſthed in the beſt white V Vine, blowen vpon, dryed in an Ouehn, | 30 poundedinto duſt, afterwardeſ rowled in VVormewood, iſ a goodandeffeSualiremedy againſtthe Collicke and ſtone . Ifſome part of the yard of a V Volfe being baked.inan O— ven, be eaten by any ,either Mao or VVoman,;it inſtantly ſtirreth them vp to luſt. Con— cemingthe genitall of a V Volfe—Ehaneſpoken before in the Medicineſ of the Eoxe : but antiquity, aſ Pliny ſaith, dothteach that the genitallof Beaſtſ whichare bony;aſ wolueſ,; Foxeſ, Ferretſ, and VVeaſelſ, are brought toan eſpeciall remedye formany diſeaſeſ. If 2,4;; any man take the right ſtone of a VVolfe being bloody, ſteepe it in Oyle, and giueit vnto any woman to apply it vnto their ſecret parteſ, being wrapped in VVooll, ivioſtantly cauſeth her to forſakeall carnall copulation,; yeaalrhough ſhe bee a common Strumper; | The ſamebeing taken in ſome certaine perfume,dothhelp thoſe which are troubled with CMareli | 40 the fonle euill. y i | The eyeſ being annointed with the excrementeſ of a wolfe, are inſtantlyfreed from all couerſ or ſpreading ſkinne therein .The powder of the ſame wolf being mingled with the ſweeteſt Honyaſican poſſible be had, and in the like manner rubbed or ſpread vpon the eyeſ, doth expell alldazeling from them . The fime of a Wolfe longrubbed, vntill itbe very light, beingmingled with Honny, by the vnetion thereof, cauſeth the filth or ſcirfe growing about the eyeſ to anoyd away,; andreſtoreth them to an excecding clear— neſſe . "The powder of a Wolueſ head being rubbed vpon the teeth, doth makefaſtand confirme the looſeneſſe thereof; and it iſ moſt certaine that in the excrementeſ of the ſame Beaſteſ, there are certaine boneſ found, which being bound vnto theteeth, haue the 50 fime forceand efficacy . of The dung of a Wolfe or Dogge being beaten into ſmall powder, mingled with Hony andannointed vpon the throare, doth cure the Quinſie or Squiriſie,aſ alſoal other ſoreſ inthe throat whatſocuer. The fime of a Wolfe being given to thoſe which are troub}cctd withthe Collicketo drinke, doth ealily curethem, but thiſdung iſ more effeSuall if it haue never touched ground,whichiſ very hardto come by,butit iſ found by thiſ meanſ The Syluinſ Alberttſ Galenuſ, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. 'The nature of the wolfe both in making hiſ water;aſalſo in voyding hiſ excrementſ iſ like vntoa Dogſ,for while he voydethhiſ Waterhſe holdethvp hiſ hinder Leg., and voydeth hiſ excrementeſ in ſomehigh or ſteepy place far fromthe earth, by which meaneſ it fal.— leth downe vpon buſheſ, thorneſ, fruiteſ, Elder—treeſ, or ſome other Hearbeſ growin in thoſe placcs,bywluch meangeſ it iſ found never touching the earth. Thereiſfurther— more found in the fime of Wolueſ certaine boneſ of Beaſtſ which they haue devoured, which for aſ much aſ they could notbee grinded or chawed, fovalſo can they not be con— codted, which being beaten and bruiſedſinall, are by ſome commended to de excellent gineu in drinke for the eaſe of the Collicke, but if thegricued party ſhall beſomefine or delicate perſon which cannot endureſo grofſe a Medicine, then mingle it with Salt, Pep. per;,orſome ſuchlike thing, but it iſ moſt often given in ſweetwineſo there be but a ſmal quantity thereof drunke at one time. But thiſ dung which the Grzecianſ cal Lagonaſ,and iſ to be applyed to the groin of the difc eaſed perſon, ought to bee hanged in a band madeof wooll, but not of any wooll: But it would be more effectuall if it were made of the Wool of that Sheepe which waſſlaine by a Wolfe . But if the ſame cannot be got, then iſ itfit that there be two bandſ, one which may be bound about the groine, and another which may bee bound vppon thedung to keepeitfrom falling. There are alſo ſome which caſta {mallquantity ofthe ſame dung to the bigneſſe of a Beane in alittle pot, faſtening theſameto any one which iſ troubled with the faide diſceaſe, andithealeth them (which in a mannerſeemeth incredible)in very ſhort time. The dung of a Wolfeboyled inſinallwhite Wine, and afterwardeſ taken in drinke, iſ very profita— ble for tho{e which aretroaubled with the collick:and it iſ alſoreportedthatif the ſamedun be concred with theſkin of the ſame Beaſt andhung vpon the thigh efany one which hath the collickbeing bound with a thread made of the wool of a ſheep ſlaine by a wolfe, it will inſtantly curetheſaiddifeaſe. © The fime of a Wolfe, ſo that it benot found vppon the earth, but vppon ſome treeſ, Brambleſ.or Bul—ruſheſ being kept, and when thereſhallbee neede bound vato the arme of him that ſhallbe troubled with the Collick, or to hiſ Necke being included in a bone, or in Copper, and hung with the thread wherewith filke—women weaue, doth wonder— fully and moſtſpeedily cure him , ſo there be great care: had, that in the meanetime there be alittle ofthe ſamedunggiven tothe gricued party to drinke, not knowing what itiſ. The dung of a Wolfe being taken, and the boneſ therein beaten inro powder, mingle therewithcold water, giving it to any oneto drinke which iſ troubled with theſtone, and it willinftantly cure him. The Dung of a Wolfe beaten into:the ſmalleſt powder then ſtrained and ginen vnto any inhiſfitwhich iſ troubled therewith te the quantity of halfea ſpoonefullin hot war tex, iſ a very effectuall, and appronued cirre for the ſtone — 'The boneſ which are found in Weolueſ, being bound vnto the arme of any one which iſ troubled: with the Collike, ha— me 0 20 we 0 uing neuer touched the ground dowith greatſpeedand celerity cure him. (The paſterne 40 bone ofa Hate found in the dung of a Wolfe, being bound vntoany partof the body of him which iſ troubled with the Collicke, doth very effecually cure bim.. Thedung of a Wolfewith the Haireſ of a white Aſſe, and raken by any Womanimacertaifnie perfume. makethheraptfor conception. 4 Theteeth of a VVolfe are vaequall, wherefore their biting iſ very danperouſ. Arauc— ning V Velfeby hiſ biting bringeth the ſame danger, aſ a rauenouſ Dogge,they alſoare cured by theſame Medicineſ, aſ we haue declared atlarge in the ſtory of the Dog . The woundeſ which come by the teeth or Naileſ of a VVolfeare very dangerouſ, for thefilth which pierceth through al cloutſ or ſpungeſ which are laid vpon them : But they are clÞ ning the biting of a Lyon, and not of a wolfe. Johaneſ Vituſ the Hungarian declared that there were certaine men in Hangarybitten by a mad VVolfe, and that they were aſ it ſeemed preſently cured :Butbefore forty daieſ expitred they all dyed by a moſtbitter or painefull diſeaſe, ſmall pieceſ of fieſh encreaſing through their Vrine in the forme of Doggeſ, with anexceedinge paine or torment. It 1 t $ . & E 59 redby no other meaneſ then the bitingeſ of Dogſ : Ariſfe:le writeth theſe thingſ concer — 19 20 30 40 of the Sabel. iſ alſo reported of a certaine Countrey man, who when hee had ſtriken a Wolfewith hiſ Club, and the Weolfehadſo torne hiſ face with hiſ Naileſ, that he pulled off the ſkinne, he waſ in ſhort time healed that there appeared no ſigne of any harme, but in ſhort timc; after he beganne to beficke, and to howle like vnto a Dogge,andſo periſhed; by which it waſ contectured that that Wolfe waſ mad . An Oxe beingbitten by a mad Wolfe or Dogge iſ cured by Garlike being beatenand rubbed vppon the wound: the Wolfehim— ſelfe iſ alſo healed of any wound by old Salt fieſh a of Gentian being drunke in Wine, iſ an excellent curefor the biteſ of a mad Dogge and rauening Wolueſ, aſ alſo of all beaſteſ tearing with their teeth or Naileſ . The biteſ of Wolueſ being marked in the bodieſ ofany Cattcu areburned orſeared withahot yrom, leaſtthat the biting bee aſſuredly hurtfull, may drgw vato it ſelfe corruption . And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice concerning the medicineſ of the Wolfe. OF THE ZEBEL, commonly called a Sabel. Mong all the kindeſ of Weaſelſ, Squirrelſ, Wood—Mice, wilde—mice, or other little Beaſtſ of the world, there iſ none comparable to thiſ Zebe#h, commonly called in Latin Zebe!— luſ, and Zobela,from whence the Germanſ call it Zobel, the Illirianſ and Pollonianſ Sobel,and Sobocl;the Italianſ SeſZ,and Sablineſ he Skinſ hereofarecald Zebe/ling, and Zobelline, & ſometimeſ Zibel/ine . It iſ bred in My/cowia, and the Nor— therne parteſ ofthe Worlde , among the Laponeſ, butno where more plentifull then in Tarzaria, Seythia, and Sarmeaſia, J and it iſ therefore called by ſome AMyſ Seyrhiceſ, the Scythi— an Mouſe . TheFrench—men becauſe of the fimilitude it hath with a Martin,doe call it by a compounded name AZ14;zeiſ Soublineiſ . Itliueth for the moſt part in the Woodeſ, being leſſer then a Martin enery way , and hath alſo ſhorterLeggeſ=they runne vppeand downe vpon treeſ like Squirrelſ, eaſily faſtening their claweſ in the bougheſ; whenthey leape their taile ſerueth in ſtead of a Croſſe beaine to dire& them : They bite moſtireful, for their teeth are aſ ſharp a Razorſ, and there iſ no beaſt in the World of their quantity ſoangry and terrible aſ they : their fleſh iſ vaprofitable and good for nothing. The enely price and eſtimation of thiſ beaſt iſ for the ſkinne , which farre excelleth all the ſkinneſ of the World , cither Ezmimſ, Martinſ ,or Foineſ,differing herein from the Martinſ, becauſa their haire iſ thinner, and if you ſtroke them from the head to the taile, or on the contra= ry from the taile to the head,they dolie enuery way ſmooth, whereaſ the Martinſ do only fallſinoothfrom the head to the taile. TheſearemoreſubieG to Wormeſ then other ſkinneſ, except they bee continually worne,or layd vp with buncheſ of VV ormewood, butaboye all ether thingeſ the laying of themopenone day together in the Sunne or aire, doth him moreharme then a whole yeareſ wearing , for the beaſtit ſelfe lineth enermore in ſhadowy placeſ, forbearing the ſun except ſhe behunted, and ketcheth ſinall birdſ in ſecret . In the ſurtheſt partof Lit» tuania they hauelittle or no Mony ,and therfore the Marchantſ whichtraffick thether do exchange their wareſ for Zebe/or Sabel Skinſ; Thoſe are the beſt which haue moſt white and yellow haireſ mingled in them,, and the Garmenteſ of princeſ are onely fringed an_d lined wich theſe Sabel Skinneſ, and honorable matronſ, auncient Noble Men and their VVineſ doe likewiſe vſe two or three of theſeto weare about their Neckeſ, for itiſ cer— tainethat a garment of theſe ſkinneſ iſ much deerer then cloth of Gold,and T haue heard andalſo readthat there haue beene two thouſand ducketſ payed for ſo many aſ were put in one cloake. — , 1 Relut Itiſ a very libidinouſ and luſtfull beaſt, and at thactm}c ſtincketh very r}zlm efully, wherefore it mingleth it ſelfe with Martinſ of all ſorteſ that it mc.ctcch:Andt uſ much ſhall ſuſficeto hage diſcourſed of thiſ little bea ſt. Now there are dinerſ other which ſeem — to pplyed vnto theſame. Two drammeſ eAfcennd, The Hiſtorie of Foure—footedBeaſtſ. to be of thiſ kind,of which;though Thaue not much to ſay,yet rather thenthey ſhould be omitted, I willexpreſſe their bare nameſ, thatſo I may give occaſion to all our Country. men that ſhall trauaile into other Nationſ, to make enguiery after them, that ſo at their returne if they have any conſcience of publique good, they may get themſelueſ eternali fame and nameſ, by communicating publikely their owneknowledge, experience, and learning, which they haue gained in theſe, or other Foure:—footed—beaſtſ. Of the Ngertzſ | Hiſ Beaſt iſ of the quantity of a Weaſell, and by the Germanſ called Nyeyzſ, ** S$ 1 and Z\Certs,'from which word the Latineſ haue their Nyeyzſ2, for thiſ Beaſt. It | lineth (aſ Georgi=»ſ Agricola writeth) in the Woodſ, betwixt Swentſ and Viku— A [4, the colour of the haireſ which iſ ſhort andſmooth, iſ for the maoſt part like Their ſSkinneſ areſold at Zraxckford by forty in a heape or bundle, they are long, and morered then the Ferretſ, euery bundle moſt commonly iſ ſold for ſixeand twenty Nobleſ. Some thinke that thiſ iſ the Latax, ſpoken off before, becauſe it getteth hiſ liuing in the waterſ. Of the Oarmel. Hiſ Beaſt iſ called by the Latinſ rarmelſ, by the Germanſ Wormiein, it iſ leſſethen a Ferret, the belly wherof iſ black,althe reſidue of the Skin ful of white, pale, red, and yellow {potſ, which adorneth it in admirableman. @WEN ner, very comely ,and excellent to be looked vpon, the taile not paſthalſe ©/\BLGBAI a hand bredth long, the tip whereofiſ blacke, but thehaireſ ofthcreſidue ized with white and aſhe colour together. There iſ another beaſt which for the variety of the colourſ, which are apparant in hiſ Skinne , he iſ called a Sa/ayzander , not that which liueth in the fier, but one like vnto it,ha— ving a gentle haire}, diſtinguiſhed all oner into blackeand yellow ſpetſ, and theſe becauſe , of our ignorance we reckonamong our outlandiſh weaſelſ. 3 In India there iſ a little beaſt called Chayrcſ4, hauing a very pretiouſ ſkinne, and thiſ (aſ Cardan writethy hath a bag vnder the belly , wherein it ſuffereth hiſ young oneſ to goe in and ont, aſ before we haue ſaid of the Si»/vwlpa,or Foxc—Ape. There iſ another littleBeaſt in Hungaria, called yeker, which dwellethin holeſ of the earth aſ Conieſ do, the outward proportion whereof iſ like a weaſell, but it iſ much thin— ner and longer, the colour of the backe iſ red, and a ll the reſidue of the body mouſe co— lour . Now although I do notread any ſpeciall vſe of the ſkin of thiſ beaſt, yet I thought it good to nameit in thiſ place, becauſe it iſ reported that the breathing thereofvppon the face of man, iſ venomouſ and poyſonfull, for when Souldierſ ſleep in their rentſ vp— 49 on the earth, they come many timeſ and looke in their faceſ and poyſon them: And thuſ much for the Zebe/, and the ſeuerallkindſ of thiſ little beaſt. OQOF THE ZIBE TH, OR SIVET—CAT. q.cz, He beſt deſcription that iſ of thiſ beaſt in all the World that I could 9(3 ever find , waſ taken by DocZowr Cay, and thuſ ſent aſ it iſ heere f— gured to DocZour Geſrer with theſe wordſ following . Therecame tomy fight (ſaith DocZowy Cay) a Zibeth or Sinet very lately , which @ waſ brought out of Affrica, the piSure and ſhape whereofin euery point I cauſed to be taken, which iſ thiſ perfixed, ſo that one Egg© iſ not more like another, then thiſ iſ to theſaid Sineſ or Ziber. It y vitſ Rae iſ greater then any Cat, and leſſer then a Tax#@ſ, hauing a ſharp face like a Martin, a ſhort , round,blunt eare, which waſ black without but pale within, and 0}? o the of the Sinet—(Gat. 757 thebrimſ, ablew ſkye.coloured eyc,afooteand Legge blacke, and more broad or open thena Catſ: Likewiſe a blacke claw , neither ſo crooked nor ſohid in the footeaſ it iſ in a Cat, but their teeth are more fearefull and horrible . It iſ all ſpotted oucr the body ,but the Noſe the reof iſ blacke, the neather part of the vpper chap pale, and the middle part blacke, and from thence to the top ofthe head it iſof the colour of a Badger . Thelower chap waſ all blacke, and the briſtleſ of the vpper chap were white, growing forth a of pale ckinne, and a licle aboue the eye there were two other white oneſ growing forth of a black Skinne. The throat thereof waſ blacke ; and a little aboue the eye there ariſethree blacke lineſ or ſtrakeſ : whereof the firſt or vppermoſt deſcendeth downe right to the throate: the ſe— cond deſcendeth compaſſe in and out to themiddle ofthe Necke : Andthe third downe to the ſhoulder, andthen a littie beneath that place on the contrary , ariſe two other blacke lineſ like circleſ aſcending in the compaſſe of the ſhoulder to the backe bone: and all the teſidue of the body iſ diſtinguiſhed and parted intomany colourſ,hauing diverſ and ſun— dry blackeſportſ ſcattered abruptly through out the whole circuit : whereo! ſomeare con. 30 tinued and ioyned together . For that which iſ vppon the backeiſ continued from the ſhoulder, and the ſecond and third ariſing in that part, are broken and deuided, the fourth and all the reſiduc are in like ſort diſcontinued and ſeparated oneftom the other, ſo that their pofition runnethallinlength. Thefirſt part of hiſ taileto themiddle iſ ſpotted; and all the reſidue blacke . The haire both on the face, Leggeſ, and feet, iſ ſoft, and very gentle to be handied, falling downe, but in all other partſ of the body , it iſ hatſh, deepe, and ſtanding vpright: the ſpotſ doth bothaſcend and deſcend, the tongue hereof waſ ſmooth and not rugged, and vnder the taile waſ the paſſage for the excrementſ afterthefaſhion in other Bcaſtcsſiaſſild alittle be— neath the ſame waſ the receptacle orbag containing the Siver, and a little ſpace after that 4 the priuy part of the Male which waſ hid or ſheathed inthe body . The Beaſt being mo— ued to anger , vttereth a voyeellike to the voyceofan angry Cat, withal, doubling thelet— terRR. but being not angry the voyce iſlikea young Catſ, although lower . Thiſ Zibet waſ inlengthfrom the head to the taile, one foote, three palmeſ, and one Roman fingerſ breadth, but the breadth therof vnder the belly,waſ one foot ,twopalmeſ, and three Roman fingerſ. It waſ a gentleand tracable Creature, and waſ ſolde for eight poundſ of Engliſh mony, which waſ in French twenty foure Crownſ, or in Flotenſ forty and eight . Theſe thingſ areſaid by Do&Zowr Cay .— Now vnto thiſ Geſmer addcth,that'he receiyed ſuch another pi&ure from one Zohaxneſ Kentmanmuſ, which he tooke by another ſ oftheſe Catſ in the poſſeſſion ofthe Duke of Saxomy, and hee Gaid that 16 waſ bought by him for ſe venty Tazgerſ (euery Tater being worth in our Engliſh mony eight pencehalfe Penny) in the yeare of the Lord 1 543 . ThiſBeaſt iſ a very cleane Beaſt, I meane a hater ſ}_f filthineſſe5and therefore the place whercin it lyeth muſt be ſwept enuery day, and the veſ» ſelſ cleane wathed. The Siner orliquor diſtilled out of the Cod, muſt be taken away euc— ty fecond or third day ,or elſethe beaſtdoth rub it forch ofhiſ owneaccord, vppon ſome " Y y y l)Uſt T he Hiſtor» of Foure:—foouted Beaſtſ. poſt in hiſ kennel, if he be ramed or incloſed . Thiſ Sitet iſ an excrement not growing in P eſerrer part onely , but in a peculiar receptacle b_\ſi/ it ſelte, increafing every day the waight of a groat. The colour whereof at the beginning iſ like burter, but afterwardeſ it growethmoreſad and browne: one ounce of it if itbe pure and not ſophiſticated, iſ ſold for eight Crowneſarthe leaſt. There be impoſtourſ which do adulterate it with an Ox— eſ gall, Sz972x, and Honny . Thiſ iſ of a ſtrange fauour, and preferred before Muſke by naſſz—;y degreeſ, yet it ſmelleth wor ſt if it be held hard to the Noſe : It iſ ſaidthat theliquor running out ,doth go backeagaine if any veſſell be put to receine it, except it be a Syluer Spoore,or Porringer. _ z60 Afer ſaith, theſe Beaſteſ are wilde, vntamable, andlive vppon fleſh, but the EGz0. pean Marchantſ buy of the young oneſ and nouriſh them tame, with Branne, Milke,hard Eggeſ, and other thingſ, and that ſo they conuay them into Europe out of Affrick, cmp. tying their codſ twice.or thrice a day in the hot Countrieſ ; andthat thiſ Simer iſ nothing elſe but the ſweat of the Beaſtvnder the ribbeſ, foreleggeſ , Necke, and taile ., Therewere diverſ of theſe Ziberſ tamed among other . It iſ reported of a Conſull of the F/orentine Marchantſ at A/exazdria that had one of theſe ſo tame, thatit wouldplay with a man and bire hiſ Noſe, eareſ, cheekſ , or lipſ ſo gently, that it ſhould not be felt,the reaſon where— of waſ givuen, becauſe it waſ atthe firſt nouriſhed with the Milke of a Woman . C#rdiaall Galeottuſ had three of theſe at Rome, which hekept for their Siveſ, and Ozho Duke of Ba— waria,had alſo one which he nouriſhed with Sugar . They are bred in Acthiopiaand In— dia about the Citty Pegwſ and Tyzpaſ@/+ Their Sier iſ not ſauory till it bee waſhed and clenſed. It iſ ſaid to be very excellent againſtthe ſtrangulationſ of the wombe, and it iſ good againſt the collicke, it hath alſo vertue to pu rge the wombeſ of women, to purgethe braine, and iſ applyed to ma— ny other diſeaſeſ and infir— mitieſ: FINI S. eAn Epilogue to the Readerſ. Huſ ha_uc Iby the merciſul goodnefſlſe of the Lord arrived at the firſt (| of thfz foure porteſ of l.iuing creatureſ, whereunto Ihaue purpoſed | to ſaile by Gpds permiſſion, of Beaſtſ, Birdeſ,Fiſheſ, Serpentſ, and EX3 all creeping imperfe>X creatureſ, and to diſcourſe to all my Coun— gimen that part of Diuivity that waſ neuer knowne in Engliſh. I take my owne Conſcience to witneſſe, which iſ manifeſt to my Judge and Sauiour, J hauve inten ded nothing but hiſ glory that iſ the Creator of all ; and if I thought that heereby the world would not be the more prouoked to acknowledge and obey hiſ ſo— veraign Maieſtie, whileſt that they behold aſ in E pEex the aſſembly of allknown and voknowne Beaſtſ, but read the ſtoricſ to feed curioſitie, and behold their G— ureſ aſ Children do Babieſ, I would not onely deſiſt and go no farther,but al— ſowiſh that thiſ worke were buried in Obliuion, and the PoZ)ſc lame Paraliticke right hand which wrote and endited the ſame, were ſeuered from the bodic. Therefore (well minded Readerſ,) heerein you ſhall ſatiſfic your owne conſei— enceſ and hartſ, when the viſible thingeſ of the world, doe lead you to the inyi— ſible thingſ of God , and all theſe roweſ and rankſ of liuing Fourc—footed—Beaſtſ areaſ letterſ & Mid—wineſ to ſaue the reuerence which iſ due to the higheſt (that made them) from periſhing within you. If you thinke my endeauorſ and the Printerſ coſtſ neceſſarie and commen— dable, and if you would euer farther or ſecond a good enterprize, J do require al men of conſcience that ſhall cuer hear, read, or ſee theſe Hiſtorieſ, or wiſh for the ſight ofthe reſidue, to helpe vſ with knowledge, andto certific their particular ex— perienceſ in any kinde, or any one of the liuing Beaſteſ : and withall to cenſider how gteat a taſk we do vndertake, trauelling for the content and benefit of other men, and therefore how acceptable it would be vato vſ, and procure euerlaſting memorie to themſelueſ, to be helperſ, incouragerſ, ayderſ, procurerſ, maintai— nerſ and abettourſ, to ſuch a labor and needefull endeuour, aſ waſ neuer before enterprized in England. If S. P E 1 a r did finde in one Fiſheſ mouth a piece of mony which diſchar— ged hiſ Maiſterſ and hiſ Subſidic. Jf A »: t1 that waſ the firſt man that hearded, and gaue himſelfſ to the knowledge both humane and Deuine, that iſ to belear ned out of Cattle, waſ the firſt man that entered heauen. Jf an Angellopened the mouth of B a t a a xſ Affe who ſpake like aman, why ſhould not we being com— maunded with S. PEer er to ſearch al the workeſ of God, looke into the mouthſ ofother Fiſheſ, with expedtation of commodity ?or why ſhoulde not wee learne the cuerall vſeſ, Deuine and humane, which God hath ordained in the natureſ . ofbeaſtſ? or why ſhould not we in thiſ our latter age of the world which run and ride to gaine wealth by the harme of the innocent aſ B a t a a m did, haue our ac— curſed Couctouſneſ reproued by the ſecret voiceſ of Aſleſ, Iay no more of thiſ Wworke but Martratſ wordſ: Caſtbuſ hiſ nulliſ , nulliſ hic delebiliſ auniſ, vinet, Apelleum cum morietur opuſ. © Andſo I conclude with the ſaying of S. Auſten in hiſ Booke de Gen. againſt the B'Ianicbeesſiwhcrc he ſpeaketh thuſ of the Beaſtſ and all creatureſ, Pſarpavtilia cane pernitioſa, relingne ſuperflua, in owmmibuſ tamen cum menſuram & numeroſ @ 1 J a qugre. Farewell. Xyy. 3 4 ordine videſ, artificem eM 5D 7 T OCCNIT { 2 FfS) vI .a*- IINSN I o vw SD— ( 3 Z—S A Tableal the namieſ ofalithe Beaſteſ contayned in thiſ Hyſtory, in dinerſ Langnuageſ, Gedioth 2 Tachaſch Hebrue. Tratfioſ adt Wirrdh Hanaka 534 Thateſ Thebeh Char 503 "zeobethſth—neth 230 Tinſchemet 4 3 Adapeſ I10 " Rizgſ . _U%2. a 2toſ Alai 906 . Keleb 13y Ty Abo 118 Kebeſch Kabſa Tor,Tanr Ari 456 Kibſ/ſa 598 Zanier Arda 30 — Kipod 277 Zebt Zebiah Arod 30 Koph, Kophin 2 Leir Arioth 456 Labi 45 6 Zijua Arkobizaneſ 2 Laiſth 45 6 Accb Zeebim Aiil zel 598 LJZZ(ZZ 137 Z ebab Ako — ..445 Lebia 6 Ajal 12 1 Merodo 4; o Cct/dſicty & Aldhip 734 Numer 576 Bir Alia, diclet 121 Neelimahb 528 Acbera Arnebet 264 Ouh 495 Aldub Atud 230 Ochin 6& Adga Ben, Bakar 88 Oker 121 Alphec Bogia 2 Par 38 Aiclah Behemal 192 Pard 68 Ariauan Caar 20 Pered pirdah 556 Arneba Chamay 20 Perot 498 Arebue,Arnebetiſ Catull 102 Phorade 7506 Aſchuta Chaſ, Chafirah 661 RachelRechelim 598 Rakera Chuldab,Coled 726 Rcem 712 Beira Dzſc[mn 570 Sair 8 kirime I3 Caupcd a Dobb.Dubim 36 Schanar,Schunar a 102 Chaſira Egel 88 Schaphan 110 Culdah Egelſ 68 Schor 68 Caudaha Ere 30 Schojanim 456 Daboubſ Erem 278 Seyull 221 Duba Ez 230 Sch 598 Deeba Gamal 42 Seir 230 Deba Gajedor 20 Suſ Suſah 281 Dikerim Gedaiine 247. Takhaz 750 Eaſtoz Gedi 640 Tahel 598 Gamela, Gamele 33 598 427 706 5Z 60 Io I14 230 734 FIZL | 60 503 36 101, 598 568 Gadeia Arabian. Gadeia Jacle \ Imar Ize Kachcobeon Kalba Kopbin Leta Meriah Oza Rachlak Ramakion Suſuatha Schedin Teiaſ—iall 230 Thabia Tabitha Thaph Tora, Torata Thor: Zephirch eArabian . "A Canthil Adulduſ Albedneſter Alborackh Alregeb Altanch Aſad Bagel Bakar Beal Behitz Chabal Chalcail Dakh Thaal 247 445 598 220 49 5 137 2 456 68 230 598 28 13 221 114 110 68 1o1 661 278 44 32 IIo 456 281 68 556 192 221 221 230 33 134 598 264 Saraxen. Fer or phar Gemal Genaſ Hazir Iebu Kabſa Kalbe Kaniſer Kony Lanebaraz Leſciathin Macz Metahan Meſch, Miſch, Almiſch Ohal Pelagoz Sarapha Saſgona Schaah Scrofa Tavr Teuſ Thabin Thaled Vebar Saracenſ. Duldul Adualbul Adulbuſ Ahberha An—ſe Arneph Albamet Alchercheden Bakiron Caldah Coeufudor Coufeud Colty Fara 503 598 661 455 631 137 661 428 498 33 230 2 551 445 498 E CoB i 33 230 661 60 230 I14 221 I10 588 588 588 588 230 264 638 712 712 726 278 498 503 Perſian, Ganeme Garien Heſel Kcp-Kolph Kat Sebey Shymel Souſiaſ Te}ſhm , Sthak Abu Aſteban An muyſ : Angurbah—Dedach Aſbacha Begauzerah Bara Bchad Buſan Buz Buz—galaie CahaliBuſan Chare Deuan Gehad Geuazen Goſalai Goſpand Gurba Kargos Komeiſchan—Thu Kotziotu Medagaucha Mar—an—Buk Nadgaeah Nerameiſch Sag Schetor Seraphah Stcher 33 114 230 503 281 Io 598 192 230 + 230 230 247 20 13 416 I21 68 598 726 264 598 445 "661 —68. 631 137 Tof 455 Gargaſ: digaſtro, 246 i A»Agrim I13 Agelada 68 Acgoverdſſ 445 Aix 130 Acluroſ 102 Acanthonecoſ 278 Acanthocoiroſ 588 Ammuoſ 640 Ariake 631 Arnoſ, Arnab 640 Armi. 640 Alke 2I2 Alogo '281 Allopuihekoſ 12 Anebroſ 121 Alopekon, Alopex, Alopon 221 Analopoſ 1 Aptoloſ Thid. Aſpalax 498 Aritoſ 36 ArGopithekoſ 19 Aſtrabe 556 ©_ Beiroſ 36 Biſoon 50 Bolinthuſ 53 Bonaſſoſ 53 Boubaloſ,Boubaliſ 57 Bouſ Boeſ 68 Cameloſ 92 Camelopardaliſ E Cobi Cafter 44 Cercopithecoſ 6 Cher 278 Chimaron 230 Ceraſte 631 Choiroſ 661 Couokephaloſ Damaliſ 68 Damalai 68 Daſjllyſ 36 Duſypoſ counicloſ IlO Dorcaſ 115 Dromeſ Dorcaltſ Dorcadion Echindſ Echydriſ Enarchan Erifon Eriphoi Elaphoſ Elatica Elephaſ Galeopithekoſ Galſ Agria Gale Hemionoſ Hippoſ Hitſ Hyſtrix. Ibanauge Indowuroſ IG&iſ Ixalon Ixaloſ I(;zprm Kallithrix Kutteſ Katiſ Kepoſ Keboſ Killoſ Kvidre Kiton Lagiſ Georchioſ Laphe Felaphe Lagoſ Lagodoſ Leop Lug® Lye0ſ Lytra Lugoſ Mygale Leporiſ Myoxoſ Myſ aroay aioſ Megamukoſ 97 TIbid. 278 562 230 247 247 121 144 I92 18 216 726 556 261 66Y 558 726 499 216 246 445 661 8 Yo2 ASF 20 631 137 11O 121 264 456 489 5 734 AS72 734 534 264 326 542 29 THE GRFEEKE NAMES. Mimoon 2 Monopſ Menopioſ 53 Monioſ 36 Monokeroſ. SWtZ Moſchoſ Monuſchari 88 Myſf 503 Maurmeleon 706 Onoſ 20 Orthoponticoſ 499 Offſ "V 558 PDeviſſaſ 19% Pitheceſ C * Plagtognoſ platyeerſſ: Prox ISEI 3 Pivy. 364 Ppardaleſ Pardaliſ Panther 575, Poephagoſ t* 587 Probaton 598 Raſteſ am 5c9 Riſcoſ 519 Satyroſ 13 Schanzochoeroſ 588 Siphneunſ 499 Sciuroſ & 656 Skunax 116 Skele I10 Skiloſ Skile ay 337 Sphing 17 Swuaritoſ TingZ Swagroſ 61 Tarandeoſ \ 55 TAuroS . 60 Theureticeſ 144 Tragelaplhuſ 118 \Tragoſ 230 Tigriſ Tigre 7o6 Zarkadi 915 Zen, Zona 558 YYyY .4 LATINE NAMES AE gopithecuſ 16 Afticaia, id at Panthe— a 575 Agnuſ 649. Alze 212 Allogameluſ 1o2. Alpinuſ muſ 521 Almcabo id eft byena 435 ABW 1oD Analapoſ I Aper 694 Araneuſ muſ 534 Aritopithecuſ 19 Arieſ' 631 Armelini 726 Aſinuſ a 20 Afſini cornuti in Scythia &r>d— _fric 33 1 Afftouſ Indietſ 32 Mxiſ 32 Befit te2 Bijon 50 Biſon albuſ Scoticuſ 52 Bonaſuſ 52 Boſ 68 Boſ cameliteſ 924 Boneſferi dinerſt 721 Boneſ feri Indici 724 Boneſ Libyci 724 Boueſ Peonici 72 Boneſ Troglodyrici 50 Bubaluſ de genere boum;vilgo buffaluſ > 57 Bubaluſ veterum de genere ea prearum Burdo 29 Buſelapluſ 66 CaGtſ 92 Callithyixſimia 8 Calopuſ Y Camelnſ ſimpliciter, vel Bait— 7iana 92 Cameluſ dromaſ vel Arabicſ Camelopardaliſ, vel Cameluſ Indica IoI Campe 103 Canicepſ ,id eſt eynocephaluſ 10 Caniſ 137 CGaneſ dinerſſ 164 Caneſ aquatici, hoc eſt in aquiſ mergidr natare conſueti 154 Caneſ ancuptio ſernienteſ X54 Caneſ bellicoſt ſ Caneſ bigenereſ vel mixti ST54 Ganeſ cuſtodeſin genere Cuſtodeſ priuatarum crpu= blicarum adium " \160 Privatarum 264 Ganiſ defenſor hominiſ Ganiſ fideluſ velpoſt mortem.— 2 domini miao CGaniſ fiuniatiliſ, id eſt , lutra = 573 Ganiſ Getaliſ 163 Ganiſinutiliſ tNK CGaniſ melit ai 161 Caniſ mimicuſ 16T Ganeſ mixtiwel bigenereſ 154 Ganiſ nanticnſ Caniſ paſtoraliſ Caniſ ſagax , o de inucſtigati— one animalium Caneſ Scotici Caniſ ſociuſ & fideliſ Cakeiſ velox Caneſ venatici in genere Camſ venaticnſ robuſ(iuſ, ad— nerſuſ magnaſ aut forteſ fe= 7 45 149 Caniſ villaticuſ 160 Capra 230 Capre Indice imagineſ >+235 CGapre ſylueſtreſ 243 Capreacapreoluſ I5 Capreoluſ moſthi 55 1 C Aapri6ornſ 2 46 Caſtor Ad4 Catoblepon 262 Catuſ ſeufeleſ 102 Citnſ [jlueſtriſ To7 Catuſ paludiſ 572 Centanti 337 Cepuſ 9 Cercopitheenſ 6 Cereopitheci Praſiani & alif magnt 9 Cernunſ 121 Ceruuſ Palmatuſ I13 Ceruuſ ſubulo 114 Chanſ 488 Chinrca muſtelayum generiſ Cheropitheci 3 Cicaluſ 57ſ Citelluſ vel muſ Novicuſ 41 Goloſ To8 Cricetuſ de genere murimn 529— Crocuta 440 Cunicaluſ IIO Cuniculuſ ant porcelluſ Indicuſ 112 Cymocephaluſ 10 Dama Plini/, cuicornnainad— werſwm adunca 243 Damarentiorum,ideſt, caprea platyceroſ I13 Dama vel damnula promuſtela 45 \ Didtyſ 137 Dorcaſ ,id eſt capreſ 5 Dromaſ cameluſ yuulgo dro— medartuſ. 97 Eale 19 Echinuſterreſtriſ 278 Elephuſ I92 Emptra 551 Equnſ 281 Evinacenſ vel echineſ 278 Ericiuſ [ylueſtriſ 588 Feleſ ſen catuſ 102 Feliſ zibethi Fiber ſeu caſtor — 44 Fuyo alidſ furettuſ, furunen— luſ fretta 216 Galeopithecuſ 18 Genetha 228 Ginuſ 29 Gizaffa 101 Gliſ 526 Gorgon cir deincepſ 262 Gulo 261 Haiit 19 Hinnm 23 Hippelaphuſ 326 Hippopotamþiſ 388 Hireuſ 230 Hednſ 247 Hyſtrix 588 TIbex 445 Ichnewmon 443 Litiſ 216 Innuſ 29 Lamta # A45* Lardirene Lctſh'ms LATINE NAME S, Laſh'ct'cts mmſ 546 Latax "07) Lawnzanum 568" Leſ 456 Leoparduſ 575 Et prinatiin de co Lepuſ 164 Lemrocuta 442 Lupuſ __v32 Lupuſ Arabzlc_ 734 Lapuſ Armeninſ _734 Lipuſ anr emſ 734 Lupuſ catuſ 440 Lupuſ cernarinſ 488 Inpuſ marinuſ ______Thg Lupuſ veſpertinuſ "435 Lutra 572 LutreCongenereſ TIbid Iycaon 24 Lycopantheroſ 750 Imx t 488 Lynx Indica vel Africand 488 Meſoluſ 575 Mantichor a 442 Marteſ 43 5 Meleſ, vulgo taxuſ 73 Melitaicaneſ 261 Monoceroſ 656 Monopſ 52 Monſtrumſ in ditione epiſcopi Salceburgenſ. captum 15 Moſchicaprealuſ 55 I Muluſ 556.' . Muſ 503 Mureſ agreſteſ 542 Muſ alpinuſ 521 Muſ aquationſ 520 Muſaraneuſ 534 Muſ anellanarumſ 545 Muſcacuſ,qui cir aranewſ acci— pitur ctiam pro talpa 534 Mureſ dinerſt I31 Mureſ dinerſi ſccundum regio— neſ ordine literarum Muſ Getuluſ 533 Muſ Indieuſ 548 Muſ major domeſtionſ, vulgo rattuſ 519 Muſ Laſſiciuſ 546 Mu; mapelti 544 Muſ Noricuſ vel Citelluſ 532 Muſ peregrinuſ 548 Mwſ Phayaoniſ 448 Muſ Ponticnuſ ſenVenetuſ vul— goVarinſ 532 Muſ ſpluaticnſ 544 MuſPVenetuſ 532 Muſmon vel Muſivion 642 Muſtela 725 Muſtelaruſtica 7a2ſ Muſtela Sobella 7 56 Nabiſ IoI Neadeſ vel Neideſ 567 Noerzamuſtelarii generiſ 756 Onager 30 Ondger Indicuſ _ 3? 2 Orafiuſ vel Oraſiuſ 1o1 Oryx 570 Oxt 598 Oniſ platyBercoſ & macrotercoſ 600 Oreſferſ 598 Pan 16 Panther 575 Partthera vel pardaliſ, parduſ 575,. Pdpto 439 Pathio ISE Piyoluſ 656 Poephaguſ 587 Porcoſ 572 Putoriuſ valgo dittuſ 219 Pyomai 3 Rangifer velraingnſ 591 Rattuſ 519 Rhinoteroſ 595 Rhizeſ 723 Rupicaprefignra bſtioria 244 Sagoin 18 Satherinm 575 Satyrumſ 575 Satyruſ ſimia 13 Satyri demoneſ I4 Sciuruſ 656 Sciwruſ Getuluſ 659 Serapha Iof Simia 2 Sirmia callitrix 8 Simia candata 6 Simin Praſiane & alie magnag Simivnlpa 19 Sobella? generempuſtelarit 756 Sorex 5$4.6 Sphinx ſimia 17 Spinx falbuloſa I7 Spirioluſ 656 Strepſiceroſ 655 S# 660 Stbhuſ 660 Swilluſ pro Ichncomone 418 Suwſ 66% Talpa 428 Taranduſ 55 Tatuſ 7oſx Tauruſ 60 Taxnſ,, vide Meleſ 33 Thoſ E© 750 Thuro in Tarando & feorſim 55 Tigriſ 706 Tragelaphuſ 118 Vacca 63 Variuſ, id eſt muſ velſciuruſ Ponticuſ aut Venetuſ 532 Veruex 638 Vituluſ 88 Viverra 215 Vormela vulgo didtaegene— remuſtelarum 756 Vncia 568 Vrſuſ 36 Vruſ 721 Vulpeſ 223 Vulþeſ Crucigera 222 Zabo id eft hyana 455 Zibethifeleſ 755 Zobel genar iſ muſtelarum 756 LZubro 53 ITALIAN AND SPANISH NAMES, Gno 640 . Alicorno 7i2 Aſinibaſtardivelnani! 29 Babuino 1o Ballottula . 726 Beecho 230 Bertuccia _ * Bivaro vel beucro 44 Buce 68 Bufalo 57 Camello 92 Camuza 246 Cane 1357 Capra 230 Cauretto 247 Capriola velcauriolo *i115 Caſtoreo 44 Caſtrone vel caſtrato 638 Cauallo 281 Cauretto velcapretto 247 Ceruo 121 CiaccoFlorentinuſ 661 Ciauarello . 247 Cinghiale vel cinghiare 694 conigli 1 1o Daino vel danio 113 Dannola 726 Dromedario 9 Foino 726 Galero 521 Gatto 102 Ghiro vel glicro 521 Hiſtrice 588 Iſtrice 588 Lardirono vellardirolo 552 Laſino 207 Leocorno 12 Leofante 192 Lecone 456 Leonpardo 575 Lepre 264 Licuora 264 Lionfante 192 Lodralodria vellontra 572 Lonza 568 Lupo 734 Lupoceruario 488 Lupo chatt 440 Maiale 661 Marturo,velmartaro,velmar turello 495 Mentone velariete 631 Mulo 556 capriolo del Muſco 551 Muſco 551 Muſerain vel muzeraigneRhe tiſ 534 Muſtela Rhxtiſ Latinum no— men retinet Orſo 93 Pantegana Venetiſ, muſ ma— for domeſticuſ 119 Pardo 575 Pecora 598 Porcafattrice, 661 Porco 661 Porco caſtrato 661 Porco ſyluatico . 694 Porcoſpinoſo 588 Rato dicaſa 503 Riccio vel rizo 278 Samada Maionio 2 Schirinolo velſchirato £656 Scrofa 661 Simia 2 Sorgo morgange 520 Sorgio moſchardino 542 Soricealiaſ ſorgio 503 Sourco 503 Stainbuce 445 Talpa 428 Taſe 33 Rhetiſ taſch. Tigre veltigra 706 Topo 503 Topo ragno 534 Toro 60 Troja veltroiata 661 Vacca 68 Veſina Rhztiſ ibex focmina 445 Vitello $8 Volpe 221 Vhnicormo 712 Zebclli VCZZZZ' t 755 I }mn J ſ AS)M 20 Baey 68 Bufano 57 Cabra 230 Cabrito 247 Cabron 230 Cabronzillo monteſ I1 5 Camello 92 Capra monteZ 2 ,ſiſi Carnerd E31 Caſtor 44 Catallo 281 Cieryo 121 Comadreia 726,656 Concio Io Cor Ak}' o 6 49 Corg I13 Dromedario 97 Elephante 192 Eriz0 278 E/ſqualo ſcinrmſ 659 Furam 226 Vikerrſ Game 113 Gato 102 Gato monteſ To7 Hebre 164 Harda 656 ſciuruſ Hinron vinerr a 216 Jawali 694 aper Leon 456 Leonpardo,vel leon pardal 5795 Liebre 264 Lizon 521 Lobo Mazta ZZ? Mona 2 Mulo 556 Muſto 552 Nutra 527 Intra Orſovel ofo ,veloſſa 36 Oucia 598 Perro 137 PHerco 661 Puerce ſilueſtroyvel Puercd monteſ 694 Puerce eſpin ©588 Rapoſſ 221 Rat 503 Rafon 519 Ratan pequene 546 Sorice. & 546 Sorce 546 Taſugo 53 _ meleſ Ternera 88 viruluſ Texon 53 meleſ Topo 503 Vatſ | 63 Vnicornio 712 Ximio 2 FRENCH NAMES. Gneau 640 + *Afne fto * Babion 20 Baccal circa Metaſ muſtelam vo— cant, (Gallice puto.y 726 Bedouoe 686 mekeſ E 1 Ie 78 Doruſchwein _ Z?Z %f}%ffi %ſgf;"wl* 88 Fichorn over eychoru 3 E00 Ramerloderkamelthice 92 of 712 4 t Cimborn o ix Katſ t02 UWliloe katſ dEich, ellend t Eiccleitn 247 EB Sar ;Z Atnutſcher 638 ſiZf_dſſmfl"ſſ 20 PX Gornfarle 529 N4\ wunigle, kunleſtt t00 Farle ober varle 621 35t ÞEWM"WW 68 F arz oner vat2 2 Z% & Corſicicaneſ Feechover peech f a l _ W Piſh Corlt 649 Fciomarder 495 5 Latce 546 xcdtomaufſ" 54 htſ Lefrac 575 FFiechtmarber 433 SJW Leſochund 137 oa a t SXU _YL.eem over Temmer murium ge— Friſchling 22 r ſſ%g nuſ in Norduegia vecatur 726 Fuchſ } @ Leppart P Fuchſaff nlz b y 457 Yſiffſimſi 66t Y@ Liechtmarner ZZ Oe:ſſzes. JIuviſche geiſſen 2 &M %gghshundle WP 2 Cemg y Sd Luchſ overtur a Senithkatt 2 ffi@ Liuckmug 541 Oie 1 Sþ BDarbder oder ntartet _495 Graumerckh 40 ct@ adirlomarter 495 Sretl +Hifcine meetkatien Dalemiin 70 ai) Yſi;ctfflſſ blin . Dagen go Heetſ GERM AN. Seeetipuum ſ bhþ Et _ Toll ©Ciſtbellerſe — i i Boloder molmum 498 &EZ Steinmarder #5 Flandrice WolitiſHollandiſ, 5 Stier a | Sar 66 TiSS BStoſmuſ 54: | ſ 20 ctſſ-ct;}\ Dttw, ſu, ſaw 661 Soullereſe! T ot ot 03 Euithier, muleſel 556 TVo fm L*;;]%mder 2 ay DBulwerf overmoliutrf 498 ſſ*&gc ſ 4 Sixonice W Trcvſ 54 o > — t Thanmarder 495 Durmelthier, murmentle 5;1 4 ;Z% Thſi erwolf I49 DNH : ſ WZȜ% Tigerthier , 706 Pubker ſ fwie> AHar, fa f 66 Doatk ( C YW Warle, F avie, verf 66 Eulmuſodernielmull, . 542 3X 4 THech, teeb 857 00 55 ZZ\?Z Tiltra 261, . ſ 7 4 iſent (aliaſ Ooie=: PBantherthier 575 %ſſg@ Uſ'ſſſſi't'ſisoom ert Oraffeſ" am SZZ da 8 viſent at \ PDorcopick 5ſ* zct@*ffi Togetbund 136 / Punvten &r EP TGorflenddund 136 Ramchen 3 %ſiggſi? UoS 22, ValpeſFlandrice Ratſ y ag dUtochſ at Reb odver reech 115 capreoluſ. Y Ukuideſel 58% \ Et pro hinnulo cerui. cw Umialſzrhuud 154 \ ReHloner reſtmuml — J 25 MW TWaſſermuſ 520r } Reenztein;,reyner,vcinger;ren— 88 cllrock _ 532 |: ſchieron B Q@Y TTiiver E3t | { Bind 81 Gat o TWlilprecht 121 cerua | Z %gg'z !E 336 %zſſſi 2 AWiindſpick 136 Turckxſchz | ſi_ udeN | wind I3 Schaaff Soe Y Atiſele y i Scdhar oder ſcharmul 542 piviwobſ 734 | Schormun e SY@ Wormlein 56 | Sochrettelt _ ot UWtucherftier, vaſ wucher / 60 N Schuyn, ſchwein 2 8 3theth fatſ . . 756 3 TTd ſchwopn 94 ſſ*" Fpſel oder 3riſel = 538 \ Schemmickeloder ſimnme W MMecd Fiſſmenſſote groſſen 534 \ fimiaFlandriſ. , MZY Sytku o Slacpratte 543 Flandrlclzl?; Se ZSobel 755 Snionlil ad Tpantatle ot 2 5 he Sunomarder 595 Spurgund 33 kAWX iemegkamyſ 546 B Abion 10 %Z%M Y(j iczcg y & Bauwol 570 Cay oy P 55 3er 638 t Ofel eB W £ Orzijſcax 248 Bobr. , ?Zg ra Owcze 598 o ctioz Y%SÞ@ Peſ vel paſ 137 Furjioz C e o & ut E cboi tho nt avilaſ Mffi EZZEZd Polonicum 12 omllottce 64 ſ Porcoſpine 388 t 25 %Z% Praſe 661 W oa o %Yſſ? Ryſ 438 apmec mmed %V*g}g Roſſomak'animal apud Lituanoſ iert . I62 3 W 55 & Meoſcouitaſ 261 hep 2 \9*.%'*9 Sarma 521 bat Eflt 48t ?@Ect% Sczurek Polonicumz 521 wet © xoz 3 Sczurcz 504 bEEEgw 7; YZL*Z SyſelBohemice 529 Koni) 281 e Skop 2or Ra bing Z-ſſzſif@ Slon I92 wore! * a * Sniatky Moſconiticum 108 err — naon %M Sobolvel Sobol 756 Kozoroziecz 304 y t 344 0 ſ i 246 EZ ofaambrol t Swinie 261 Kralikvelkroliik ——» d10 £% o bon t3 Wterſ we ffi{'g Tur velthuro Polonicum 55 }Eun j TTZ %*ſicte Tzuvijerzatko 32 9 ani) 1 WW ij olonicum 767 a T E REt S e Z:}scliir)a Earlxcs robuſtifimi Polo— LaſicaPolonicum 542 YY e 45 o 05 AJ Vunelblud 92 Lewhart 755 @ Weper & W i 22: 25 WewerPolonicum 734 oul Ee 222 M Wewerkavelwijewlietka 657 o 278 S Vuydra 572 Malox 7 YEZ% wil ſ 2 Wtſ . > * Wul 60,68 Þt\-/iyſſk ſſk czka ZGZ Zagicz 264 orſka ko ſ Nedwed Bohemice 36 58 Zubrvel zubre 5 EI NIS. \\\ſſ\ \\r\R\w\\\R \\\ \)\\\ſſ\\\d\z\w\\ſi\\r . mſi,\\\\\\\-ffl\@\ct\\\rſſſ*\\ \\\ſiþ ſſ\w.fflm\ſſſ ct\\\\n\\.\ \\\\A \\Z\h \ſi\\ſſN\ .Þ\NCWML\K\\A \\\\ \\\N\ adl 4 4 bere E taorfl, N\QV,N\\\}\ \Zsſict_ſi._ \ \K\A\\Q P\I_\V\\R-MN*\\ ſi\\\ \\(W\N(M\\ r\m\\ \\\ SAh 27 Iſ tox? d a I \M\\NA Ere X t P\\M\r\\ſſ a —AMFÞ#: pinPBd JEKHTE!: J M\W\\\S.K\ſſ Luy T a4 ky The Library of the .:: 2 ſ a "ſ E 3 & E 38 TMHE HISTORIE SERPENTS . OR, Tſſhe ſecondBooke of liuin gCreartureſ: Wherein iſ contained theirDinine, N(aturall,and Morall deſcriptionſ, with their lively Figureſ, Nameſ, Conditionſ, Kindeſ and Natureſ of all venemouſBeaſtſ : with their ſenerall Poyſonſ and Antidoteſ ; their deepe batred to Mankind, and the wonderfull worke of G o » in their Creation, and DeſtruGion. Neceſſary and profitable to all ſorteſ of Men : Collected ont of diwine Scriptureſ, Fatherſ, Phyloſopherſ, Phyſiti anſ, and Poetſ : amplified with ſundry accidentali Hiſtorieſ, Hicrogliphickſ, Epigramſ, Emblemſ, and Ainig» maticallobſernationſ. By EDyyar o Tor ſ xg i1. 71 '((Iſiſi?ſi Alt ſſ':!},ſil Wffiſſ ®& Cifyqſ \S 7 nu/-"'iE %%% SAM afl (5 Ygmſi (3T, | J SZ> o 47 det tT IE T II TT TT ed 00 err y o Idr ei tD "Winlul—>>C>— i» ſ he . f O_N.D 0 N, The Library of the University of Illinol, T O THE REVEREND AND RIGHT VVORSHIPFVLL Ricnaro NriL:, D. of D 1 v i n i t v, Deane of V Veſtminſter , Maiſter of the S a v 0 v , and (learke of the K ing hiſ moſt excellent Maicſtieſ Cloſet, all felicitie Temporall, Spirituall, and Eternall. qlght worthy Dre ane, if it be true that the Heathen man ſaid, Oz7/ ſine literiſ morſ, & viti hominiſ ſepultura,X thinke 41 there iſ nothing more commendable then the ſtudy of thoſe Let— terſ and that poynt of Learning , which G O D himſelfe hath wrote, not onely by the great Spirit of the Prophetſ , butalſo by hiſ owne hand, without Scribe or other inſtrument, {the Creati— a $4} on and ſcuerall diſpoſitionſ of lining creatureſ :) wherin with the 65 greateſtand nobleſt Characterſ that enuer were,he hath engrauen the higheſt vviſedome of all Maieſtic. And toſay the truth , no knowledge of politicall Stateſ, no Science Geographicall of the round Worldſ Orbe , no ſpeculation Aſtrono— micall of the Heauenſ lightſ or motionſ, nor Art of ſpeech, reaſon or workeſ , iſ compa— rable to thiſ Learning, but a man deſtitute heereof , iſ dead and buried in a linving grauc, ſtinking before God and Angelſ . Wherefore thiſ beeing my opinion , and I truſt the ſyocerity of my indgement touching Godſ lining workſ, it may ſerue for a reaſon for the vndertaking of theſe laboutſ ; becauſe aſ Xezephow writeth vpon another caſe, Ek toop po— noen malaka gignetai, out of theſe payneſ are begotten many pleaſureſ, But whereaſ ſome thinke that there iſ knowledge enough of thoſe creatureſ by theyr out—ſideſ, & the noyſe of theyr nameſ, iſ a complete LeGure for humane vnderſtanding, I would but referre them to philo Iudewſ , writing in hiſ Queſtionſ vppon Gereſ?ſ in thiſ manner; Sicnt caci tractant tantum ipſam cerporiſ ſpiſſitudine tactu, non decuſ wlor.um, non formaſ, non ( figur aſ , non alind quicquam eximie qualitatiſ feffimonȝ'#m prabenſ : Sic mrinuſ dotti, & inertiſ anima oculi, nibil in hiſtoriiſ intrinſecnſ cernere peſſunt. \[\Vherefore, ſeeing that blind men cannor be comforted ſo much by their groping feeling , aſ other which en— ioy the commodity of all their ſenceſ, no man ſhall iuſtly blame the Printerſ and my 1a— boutr, if we ſet forch Godſ workeſ fiue timeſ more plainely , pleaſantly, and largely, then cuer before they were in any language of Chriſtendome. t Thaue therefore now aduentured to put abroade into the W orld, the ſecond Bookt of Lining—creatureſ, which entreateth of Serpentſ , and all yenomouſ Wormeſ of the Barth and Waterſ ; vvhich for their Maker had the Sonne of G O D aſ vyell aſ men,for their antiquitie, were from the beginning beforemen; for their wit and diſpoſition in na— ture, come neereſt to men ; for their ſeate and habitation, dwell in one and thc_ ſame Ele— ment with men ; for their ſpiritſ & inclination, are moſt vareconcileable encmicſ to men ; and for their vſe and comlſinodicy, very beneficiall to men : Therefore their knovvlcdgq iſ from God, their continuance from Heauen, theyr natureſ worth our ſtudy, & the fruite ſerniceable to man—kind. E | A 3 eegit The Epiſtle Dedicatory. Acgue pauperibuſ prodeſt, locupletibuſ aqut. Acgut negleumpneriſ, ſenibuſ iy nocebit. T could therefor@arrogarc to my ſelfe that Pirgi/iaw praiſe, Pandere 7eſ alta texya & ca., digine teitaſ : but I will not, for if I haue deſerued well, let another manſ mouth ſpeakeit, and if the preſent enuiouſ world will not, poſfterity I know will glorifiec God for me. For my conſcience becing free from the ruſt of vaine—bragging , I dare be bold to pray yvith Neheminah, Recordare mei Domine in bonitate , ſeeundumſ omnia que feci huic popule : And therefore, if I be not buried till I be naturally dead, I will never dic in idleneſ, nor carrya. | bout my body, to containe a lining manſ Sepulture. Although (I truſt) it ſhall appeare to you R: VV: that there iſ ſtore and variety of mat— tercompriſed in thiſ thinne Volumegf Serpentſ , infomuch aſ it iſ needleſſe for mee (if notimpoſſible) to ſay much more, y& pardon me (according to your accuſtomed clemen. cic) if I range a little in thiſ poynt of Diuinitie, which iſ the cognizance I weare, and the robe where—withall it hath pleaſed my Sauiour 2e/@@ Chrif to clothe mee, that I ſhould be the man and the meane, (although the meaneſt of a thouſand now aliue) to declare & publiſh to thiſ preſent, and all ſucceeding ageſ of our Country—men , the ſecretſ vyhich God hath regiſtred in the indelible natureſ ofliuing creatureſ. ' T haue ottentimeſ admired the frequent mention of Serpentſ , which you know (bet— ter then my ſelfe) iſ more then once remembred by G O D in Holy—vvyrit : but eſpeciallic there are three memorable thingſ concerning Serpentſ recorded ; Firſt, a Hiſtory, the ſe— cond ; a Figure, the third ; an Allegory. The Hiſtory,iſ the ſeduGtion of our fitſt Mother by a Serpent. Whercof Authourſ write diverſly, enquiring whether it were atrue Ser— pent, or a falſe created Serpent, or the Deuill , (which our Sauieur termeth a Serpent in trope,) were alſo ſo called by Maſeſ : but the aunſwere iſ made, that it waſ a true Serpent, and that (aſ Pefer Lombard writeth) he waſ onely permitted by GO D to take the Ser— pentſ body to doe that thing,hiſ wordſ Zi#b: 2. Sent: diff: 21. Cap: 2, are theſe 5 Serpentem antenſ animal ex owmnibuſ delegit—tum quia rationali creatur a omniſ irrationaliſ ſubiciaerat: Fum quia per ſolwm ſerpenterſ id facere k Deo permiſſuſ eit diaboluſ , non autem per columbe formam, quod fortaſſe maluiſſet, vt melinſfraudenſ ſubeſſe in ſatana verbiſ, Homo ex e0 ſub— olfacerer, quod Serpenſ loqucbatur. Et clariuſ ipſiuſ temtator iſ, id eſt, diaboli maturſ , per co— Inbrumillum tortuoſiſ anfractibuſ mobilemſ, ac proinde magiſ operi iſti congruum, ſignificare— tur. VV hich opinion (aſ you know very well) waſ before him ginen by S. Aw#er, Lib: De Cinit: Dei, 14: & cap. 11. Toſephuſ writeth, that before that time, the Serpent waſ very familiar with man , and that the deuill choſe him for that purpoſc, by falſe friendſhip to deceine him , yyherefore God in the Iudgement after the fall committed, tooke away from bim hiſ leggeſ, & ma— keth him creepe vppon the carth. But ſeeing there iſ no ſuch thing reported in Gezeſiſ, eſpecially that the Serpent loſt any memberſ, I willnot aucrre that for troth : but rather adde vnto Peter Lombard,that the Serpentſ ſubtiltie , aboue all the reſidue of creatureſ, waſ the cauſe that the deuill entred into him. VV here—vnto Epjphaniuſ in hiſ Treatiſe a— gainſt the Ophite, agreeth. But in thiſ action,che Serpent waſ but the deuillſ trunke, nei— ther ſerued it for any other purpoſe but to coucer him; ſo aſ the wordſ which were ſpoken, were the wordſ of the deuill, and that S. Aw#er De Gen: ad lit: writeth , Serpentem, dum cum Eua loqueretur , neque intellexiſſe quid diveret, neque rationalem animam habwifſe. But aſ hee ſpeaketh by phanaticall men , {o did hee out of the Serpent. Aud yer GOD (be— cauſe hee waſ the deuillſ inſtrument) hath taken from him hiſ voyce, leauing him onelic hyſſing ; and inſteed of thoſe ſmooth wordſ where—withal! the woman waſ beguiled, hce hath giuen him poyſon vnder hiſ tongue, to which the Scriptute alludetb, Pſaim. 149. 3» Rom. 3. 13. aſ Zo/ephuſ alſo affirmeth, Lib: 1. cap. 3. Antiq. And for thiſ cauſe alſo waſ it puniſhed to groucll and creepe vpon the earth,and to ſuffer the enomity of man. For acco!— ding to the Lordſ ſaying, that hath nopower but to bytre our heeleſ , & lower partſ, and we on the other—ſide, make all force to bruize hiſ head. I ſhall not need to allegorize thiſ ſtory, it iſ better knowne to you then to my ſelfe, and I liſt not write thoſe thingſ yyhich are impertinent to the marter, And therefore thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for thiſ firſt record of the Serpent in holy Scripture, and ſo I will proceede to the ſccond. bay i 3 2 Another T he Epiſtle Dedicatory. Anothermemory of the Serpent iſ; the type of Chyift Teſaſ,repreſented in the Brazen Serpent, crcct_cd at the [_ſiords owne commaundement, for the curing of the Burning—ſer— pentſ poyſon in the Wilderneſ. Many ſuch ſtatueſ of Serpentſ I haue remembred in the diſcourſe following, dct1ffcnng onely in the end and benefit . Thiſ working miraculouſlie thoſe thingſ, becauſe it repreſented CÞyi# crucified, which thoſe could not doe, being but the inuentionſ of man : yet ofthiſ Saint Aw#ep maketh thiſ elegantalluſion to Chrift, in John 3. TracZ: 12. Magnum hocſ Sacramentum & qut legerunt nonerunt.crc. Th iſ,aych he, iſ a great Sacrament,and they which haue read it,know it. For what are the flery—byting— Serpentſ, but ſinneſ ariſing out of the mortality of fleſh ? VV hat iſ thatſame SLTPC:)[ E ted vp ? but the death of our Lord vpon the Croſſe, For becauſe death came by the Ser— pent, death iſ figured in the forme of a Serpent. The byting of the Serpent waſ deadlic, the death of our Lord waſ linely. The Serpent iſ looked vpon,cthat it might not be barm— full, death iſ looked ypon that it might be of no ferce. Sedcninſ morſ, morſ vite, ſ dici po— teſt morſ vite, inio quia dicipoteH , mirabiliter dicitur. Shall not that be ſpoken which waſ to be done ? Shall I be ſcrupulouſ to ſay that , which my Lord did not diſdaine to doc ? W'aſnot Chrift life ? and yet he waſ on the Croſſe. VWaſ hee notlife ? and yet hee dyed. Sed in merte Chriſti mor% mortua eſt,quia vita mortua occidit mortenſ, plenitude vit a occidit mortem, abſorpta eSt morſ in Chriſti corpore. But aſ they which did looke vpon the Brazen Serpent, did not periſh although they were bytten ; o they which by faythleoke vppon Chrift crucified, are ſaued from the perrill of their ſinneſ : but with thiſ difference betwixt the type and the perſon repreſented, that they were ſaued from a temporall death ,and the faichfull from an etervall. Thuſ farre Saint Aw/Zew, and thuſ much ofthe Serpent in fi. gure. The third and laſt mention of Serpent that I apprchend, iſ that allegoricall procept,or inſtrucQion of our moſt bleſſed Sauiout, where he exhorteth vſ to be wiſe aſ Serpentſ, to be innocent aſ Doucſ. VW hich wordſ haue often driven mee into the ſeriouſ conſiderati— on of the Serpentſ nature : that ſo Imight at one timeor other, attaine our Sauiourſ mea— ning, for ſurely I thought ofthem, aſ that Learned—man did of the Ieweſ , Hoſkeſ ſunt in cordibuſ, ſaffragatoreſ in libriſ : and becauſe of Shriztſ teference, whatſocuer the Serpentſ are in their nature and inclination to vſ , yet in their wiſedome (aſ in a Booke) they are our inſtru&orſ and helperſ. And certainely, ſecing there are no vertueſ of that worth to a Chriſtian life, aſ are Innocencie and VW iſcdome, I could nenuer ſatiſfie my ſelfe in their diquiſition, how we ſhould goec to creatureſ ſo farre different in nature, betwixt whom iſ no concord, and take out their ſeuerall vertueſ , to marty them together in one humane breaſt. VV ell I knew the worth of thoſe vertueſ, and the neceſſity of their imitation , yet how to make vſe of them in a Chriſtian life, waſ Fife laber, hoc opuſ, The Serpent in the earth, & the Doue in the ayre, doth it teach vſ that with wiſedome wemuſt dwell below on earth, and with inocencic, aſ with the wingſ ofa Douc , fiyc vp into heauen abouc ? Or that in our pollicie while wee line , wee may wind and turne in worldly affayreſ like a Serpentſ path, but in heaucnly, keepe 2 ſtraight and ſwitt courſe, like aſ the Doueſ doe in their flight ? Or that wee be enucr armed to defend our ſelueſ, aſ the Serpent iſ with poyſon, neucr vnfurniſhed, and yet be without hart and courage, aſ iſ aDoue? Or that there were no man in nature ſo wiſe aſ Serpentſ , or ſo innocent aſ Doueſ? Surely theſe thoughtſ draue me to looke vpon the Fatherſ , the beſt Expoſitorſ Ofthiſ Text, for my ſatiſfadQion ; that at leaſt,if I could nener attaine to the perfeAXſcience of Wiſedome and Innocencie, yet I might ſhew thy louing endenour vnto both. They told me with one conſent, that foraſimuch aſ men defſite wiſedome vvithout innocencie, our Sauiour to reproouc that affection, teacheth to contoyne both together , for Pmſſz{m— tiſ ſine ſimplicitate,malitia,ſimplicitaſ, ſine prudentia (Inltitia : and therefore , Ne meachine— mauy doloſ, habeamuſ ſimplicitatem Columbe,ct ne ab alijſ ſupplantenour, aSlutiam Serpentu : to thiſ effect you know they all vvrite. But yet thiſ did not ſariſfie mee, fOFmCC_\thht there waſ yet a more eminent meaning, or deeper ſecret, like ſome new Mrzcyrſ@ſ, or E— lixar vite; contayned in thoſe wordſ. Wherefore Iſought further, and ſo I found, that Serpentſ defend their head, ſo muſt men theyr faych ; that they caſt theyr ſkinne, ſo muſt men their ſinneſ 3 that they ſtop their eareſ againſt Inchaunterſ, ſo myſt men theyr careſ S HR ETA 4 againſk The Epiſtle Dedicatory. againſt the devillſ tentationſ ; that they byteatmenſ lower partſ or heeleſ, ſo muſt we ar the roote of our vnlawfull defireſ ; that for hatred ofmen they ſeek peace among thorneſ and bryarſ, ſo muſt good men flie the ſociety of thoſe thingſ which might endanger their ſouleſ; that they ſwym keeping their head out of the water,ſo ought men not to be drow. ned in pleaſure ; that they eate duſt, according to the ſentence of the Almightie , ſo muſt we be content with wharſocuer eſtate God ſhall ſend vſ : and to conclude, ſaith S. Ani@ep Solertiam habent infetunm aducatione , in latibulorum adification, in nutrimentorum acqui— fitione, in vulnernm medicatione, in nocinorum enitatione , in inutationiſ temportum pr a cog— nitione, &y ſnorum comparium diledTione. Theſe are high poyntſ of vviſedome for men to imitate, and Eknow not what more can be added vnto them ,if they were generallexcept T ſhould reckon the viciouſ affecGionſ of Serpentſ, which haue far moe diſcipleſ then their vertuouſ inclination. The Serpentſ ſpirit iſ a lofty and high ſpirit,reaching not onely after men »butalſo after the birdſ of the ayre, not becing afrayd ofthe Elephantſ. Heerein many folow them, for Ommiſ cura viriſ vter eſet Induperator. And it iſ true,aſ writeth Seneca, Animi homin# ſunt ignei, & prowide ſurſum tendunt. It waſ the pocſic of Pompey, Sermper ego cupio, pracellere , & eſſe [uprenmſ. And of Caſar, Ma— lem in appido primuſ eſſe quam Roma ſecunduſ. Another vice in Serpentſ iſ theyr deſitre of reuenge, for cuen to the loſſe of theyr liueſ, and when they ate more then halfe dead,thcy kill other. Euen ſo it iſ become a noble euill to ſhed blood, or at the leaſt to diſgraceand diſable other to the poynt of death. S. Aw#ew ſayth, that aſ a veſſell iſ corrupted vwvith the ſharpe Vineger it contayneth, ſo iſ the body and minde of man, by the wrathfull re— uenge it taketb. The inhabitantſ of Dime»tinm; a T owne of Burgundie, to deſpight theyr Duke Charleſ, for ſome iniurieſ to them done , made hiſ piGure of yyood , with all hiſ Armeſ and Coateſ of honour vppon it, and ſo brought the ſame to a Towne ofhiſ called Bexinium, where they ſet it in a filthy ſtinking poole, full of Toadeſ and Frogſ,and other venomouſ beaſtſ, and cryed out to the Boninia»ſ, Hic ſedet mageuſ bufo Dux veſter. To. whom the Zowimianſ ſent a man with dehorting perſwaſionſ, to remoue their mindſfrom that vndrifull difloyaltic of contempt and rehellion , which they ſhewed againſt theyr Prince ; but that meſſenger they inſtantly killed : afterwardſ they ſent a little boy , vvith Letterſ to perſwade them to make peace, ſue for pardon, and to turne away the rage of vyarre which the Duke waſ preparimng againſt them ; aſ ſoone aſ the little boy haddeliue. red the Letterſ, they tore him in peeceſ like ſo many W olueſ. Thuſ they tooke theyr reuenge ; and ſhortly after came the Duke with hiſ royall At— "mie, and razed downe theyr Citty to the ground;killed and executed many of the inhabi— tantſ ; the reſidue he caſt by coupleſ into the River AG#/z, where they all perriſhed , men, vvomen and chyldren, ſo that the third day after it waſ ſayd , Z fuit Dipantiim. The Duke himſele, for thiſ great renuenge enforced by rebellion & murther, eſcaped not ſcot— free, but waſ the laſt of hiſ race, and left the Duchy to another Family . Thuſ if in men there raigne the wrath of Serpentſ, they muſt allo looke for the ruine of Serpentſ, and be— come like bruite beaſtſ that pertiſh. | I omit to ſpeake of theyr flattery, embracing while they ſting 5 theyr treachery,lying in waite in the duſt or graſſe to doc harme ; their venome where—withall they are eucr armed to ſpoyle ; theyr ingratitude,when they kill them that nouriſh themſ; theyr voracity,when they kill much more then they can eate ; theyr hoſtility, whereby they bid batcell to all li— uing creatureſ ; their contempt of the reucrend viſage ofman,whereby they neither ſpare vitiouſ nor vertuouſ ; and theyr deſire to line alone,deſroying all other to multiply their owne kind ; like our Engliſh—Encloſerſ, who doe herein follow the wiſedome ofthe Set— pent, but not the innocencie of the Douce. Of all theſe and many more, if I did write to a iman of meant knowledge, I would enlarge and apply in ſeucrall exampleſ , but to yo. R: W . it iſ aſ needlefſe aſ to light a Candle at noone day. To conglude therefore, Lonely affe& three thingſ in the Serpentſ wiſedome» whereof two haue beene practiled by the Chutch already, and the third remaineth now for vſ tO imitate. Firſt, in the beginningſ of the Church, all the hareſicſ did chiefely tend againſt the doGrine of the Trinitic, or Vnitie,or Deitie,or true humanity of our Sauiour Chriit: E IT WIRod aſ The Epiſitſ Dedicutory. — aſyou know the Simomnianſ, Cerinthianſ, Arrianſ, and other deteſtable beaſtſ did inuent., Againſt them all the noble Chriſtian Biſhopſ and Fatherſ did oppoſe themſelueſ, and de— fended their head, viz, 2e/®ſ Chriif, to be true GOD, and trucP 51311 5and ſo at one cimi: were wiſe aſ Serpentſ, and innocent aſ Doucſ, dying for hiſ ſake that dyed for them. Secondly , when by the corruption of time, and long current of many continued cuilſ, _— the Church grew oucr—worne with many ſuperſtitionſ , ſo aſ the face thereof waſ diſfi= ured,and the pure wedding—garment which Ch/i#f put vppon it, ouer—growne , and co— yered with the bcggcr;-c]oakc of humane inucntionſ ; then God made hiſ inſtrumentſ to folloſſ\v the Serpentſ wiſedome, in paſing thorow a narrow paſſage of perſecution, death andfire ; and ſo ſtripped offthat oucr—growne ſkinne, whereby the Prime decour , & com— lineſſe of the Churcheſ party.coloured coate of fine Needic—worke, reſembled in the Ser.. penr, iſ againe manifeſted. Thuſ farre they proceeded. And thuſ we hauc ſeene the cor— reſpondence of figure to figure already performed. But the third and laſt thing, iſ that part of the Serpentſ wiſedome, whereby ſhee forſa— _ kethſocietie of men, and Cittieſ or placeſ of pleaſure, and dwelleth alone in the hedgeſ, wilderneſ, or deſolate Rockſ. It waſ a true experimentall ſaying of him that wrote, Ex— frema Religioniſ ,vel in ſuper Hitione, vel inprofanitatem recidunt. Now we haue ouct—paſ— — ſed Superſtition, I am out of feare that the Church ſhall neuer—more haue a thick ſkimne : we haue fallen into open prophaneneſſe, and contempt of one another , (ifnot of God,) . — which muſt be remedied by the Serpentſ wiſedome: And I thinke we muſtdepart out of theciuill and worldly wayeſ, and 2fayreſ of men , and betake our ſelueſ to more private _ andſecure habitationſ, where the open enemy can neither ſo ſoone find yſ, or wound vſ. Incede not proſecute thiſ matter , or at the leaſt, if I ſhould, I muſt exceed the limitſ of 2 _ Dedication, onely thiſ I ſay, that if the Church and Church—men,;could put on onemind _ andioyne together in thiſ action, whereby men might beeſteemedfor theyr worth, and not for their wageſ, Iknow the people would huntafter vſ in devotion,where now they tread vppon vſ in prophaneneſſe, For we beeing made poore, baſe and contemptible be— fore theyr eyeſ (which are the lining organſ of grace») they urcad vppon ail the reſiduc, euen to the blood of the New—Couenaunt ; and therefore, oncemore I pray that the ſonſ ofLenie may ſpeake one thing. | \ Thaue now ſaid my full, & heere I preſent vnto you My Second Treatiſe of lining Crea— tireſ, hauing collected all that iſ written ofthiſ Argument , out of ſeverall Authorſ into _ one Volume and method : ſo that whatſocuer Ga/len gaue to Piſo, Ariſtorle to Alexander, Oppianuſ to Anteninuſ, Belioniuſ to Cardinall Cailtiltion, Fumaneliuſ to the Senate of Ve— roua, Cardanto Madrutiuſthe Prince of Trent, Grinenſ to Collimitiuſ, Geſner to Graminſ, Carommuſ vo Six Horatio pallamicino } Maioluſ to Hebermſ , orjany other that ever writ of Serpentſ, or venomouſ Beaſtſ , that doe I heere dedicate to you . aſ the eucerlaſting | pledge of my louc, honour, and ſeruice vnto you. Which I ſhall entreate you to entct taine and accept while it may honour you, becauſe it hath Godſ worke for a ſubied, and tefuſe it not, when it ſhallany way ecclipſe or dazle your light with Prince or people. And Lxm» Gife Iet me be bold to conclude with thiſ my vnfayned proteſtation. Surm tunſ, & ſine fine tunſ Decane Manebe, Cam ſociiſ, quorum Jine felle & candida noſti Pettora,ſic in te ſibi conſtatura deincepſ. De te nil dubito, ſi tu tamen umbiiis, iſt aſ En, deſiderij pignuſ, piuſ aſpice chartaſ. Edw: Topſell. To the Reader. Entle and piouſ Reader, although it be needleſle for mee to write any more of the publiſhing of thiſ Treatiſe of Ve. nemouſ beaſtſ, yetfor your better ſatiſfaction and direQi— on, briefly take thiſ which followeth. After the ubliſhing of the former booke of Fowre—feoted Beaſtſ,L vnderſtood of two thingeſ much miſliked therin, wherein I alſo my ſelfe receinued a iuſt offence . Firſt, the manifolde eſcapeſ in the preſſe, which turned and ſometimeſ onerturned the ' ſence in many placeſ, (cſpecially in the Latine: ) which fault aſ it may in parte concerne me, ſo yet it toucheth another more deepely , yet are both of vſ excu— ſable : He, in wanting the true knowledge of the Latine tongue; and I, bicauſe ofmy employment in my paſtorall charge, and both of vſ together, becauſe we were not ſo thorowly eſtated, aſ to maintaine a ſufficient Scholler to attend only vpon the preſſe. . Wherefore , in thiſ ſecond Booke, we hauc remooued away thar bloc, and vied a thore accurate dilligence,and I truft there iſ no eſcape committed perverting the ſence, and not very many altring the letterſ. The ſecond exception taken againſt the former Treatiſe, waſ the not eng— liſhing or tranſlating ofthe Latine verſeſ, which thing I purpoſed to hauc done if I had not beene ouerhaſtened in the buſineſſe ; for it had beene to the worke an ornament, and to the Hiſtory a more ample declaration : Thiſ faulte Thaue now amended in the ſetting forth of thiſ ſecond Booke of Lining Creatureſ. Al therefore that can be ſaide for your direGtion, I could wiſh the Hiſtoryemore compleat for the manifeſtation of the moſt bleſſed Trinitieſ glorv,whoſſſe workſ are here declared ; and for the betterreuclation of the ſeuerall natureſ of euey Serpent. Imay fayle in the expreſſing of ſome particular, yer T ſuppoſc that I haue omitted no one thing in their Narration, which might bee warranted by good authority or experience. And therfore,although I cannot ſay that Thate faide all that can be written of theſe lining Creatureſ, yet Idare ſay T have wrote more then euer waſ before written me in any language. Now therefore Aſke the Creatureſ (after God,) and they will tell you: For, ſayth S. Auſten, Interrogatio creaturarum profunda eſt, conſideratio ipfamm,refl:ofiſſſeo ebe Tum; attcflaipflzmm de Deo., quoniam omnia clamant, Deuſ noſ feciſ: The askc'- ing of the Creatureſ, iſ a deepeand profounde conſideration'of theyr ſeverall natureſ: theyr anſwere iſ, their atteſtation or teſtimony of God, becauſe all of them —_ T'o the Reader. themery out T he Lord hatbmade vſ. Wherefore, ſeeing it iſ moſttrue, incogni= tgnon deſiderantur, thingſ vnknow ne are not deſired, to the intent that all true Engliſh Chriſtianſ may hereaftermore affectionately long after and defire,both the myſticall viſion of God in thiſ world, and alſo hiſ perfedt ſight in the worlde tocome, I haue (for my part) out of that weake ability wherwith I am endued, — madeknowne vnto them in their owne mother tongue, the wonderfull workeſ _ of God ; for the admiring of Godſ praiſe in the Creatureſ, ſtandeth notin a confuſed ignorance not knowing the beginningſ and reaſon of cuery thinge, but rather in a curiouſ and artificiall inueſtigation of their greateſtſecretſ. Therefore, let all living men conſider cuery part of diuine wiſedome in all hiſ workeſ ; for if it be high, he therby terrifieth the proud; by thetruthhe fee— — deththe great oneſ ; by hiſ affability he nouriſheth the little oneſ, and ſo 1 will conclude my preface, with the wordeſ of the three Children: Oullye workeſ of the Lorde, praiſe him and magnifie him for ener. EDvyvvarb» Torſxriu1. ſſ.d_\ Sil 32 re o 2 e cot WZZW\WÞGEZBZWAN@T%N%WANM A T'ableoftheſeuerall Scrpents aſ they are rehearſed and deſcribed in thiſ Treatiſe follomnſig Waqcd," QMP&QVWWWWWWW?W QM'(_@'ZB — V[bſſz ._(*s cernſrigidſ* ſſſſfflſſs%f A Dryine. 17 4. P Dder. — $o E Pagerina. 103 Ammodjte. 53 Elephantſ. 17 6 Parcaſ. 25 Arge, Argole. 54 Elopſ, Elopiſ. 1 76 Palmer—werme vide caterpiller, Aſpe. 54 F Peliaſ. 214 B Froggeſ. 176 Porphyre. 214 Bee. 64 Greene Frogge. 185 Prefter. 214 Bec—Drone. 78 Crooked Frog ,or Paddock 186 Pythen vide Dragon. Bee—waſpe. 83 Toadeſ. 187 R Bee.Hornet. 92 G Red—Serpent. 216 Boaſ. III Greene ſerpent. 194 & C H Salamander. a7 Cantarideſ. 96 Hemorrhe. 193 Scorpion. 222 Cankerſ. 102 Horned ſerpent, 198 Scytall. 23b Caterpillerſ, 102 Hydra. 201 © Sea—ſerpent:. 233 Chamalcon. 113 Hy#nd, 200 Sepſ or Sepedon. 236 Cockatrice. I9 & Slow—worme. 29% Cordll. 126 Innocent Serpentſ . 20} Snake. 240 Crocadill. 126 L Spiderſ. 246,259 Crocadile of Egypt. 140 Linard. 203 Stellien. 276 Crocodile of Breſilia, 141 Linardgreene. 209 5 Crocadile of the earth, called a Lecuſt,vide Caterpiller. Tyre. 280 Scinke. I41 M Turteyſe 281,285, 287 D Molure. 203 V Darte. 145 Mpjllet or Cencryne. 211 PViper. 290 Dipſaſ. 147 Myagruſ. 203 Dowublchead. 151 N Warmeſ. 306 Dragen. 153 Nente,or Water Lyeard. 212 Dragon winged, 158 A Generall T'readile of Serpents, ( DUVITKE, Mo £ a tt, angu. NacuUaare..: . 1o Of the Creation and firſl beginning of SERPENTES. | Here iſ no Man that can inſtly take exception that thiſ m———anſ| Hiſtory of Serpentſ beginneth artheyr Creation': for ſec= i Go) fflſi' ing our purpoſe iſ, to ſetforth the workeſ of GOD,; by Eo x|| which aſ by a clecre glaſſe, he endetoureth to diſperſe and diſtribute theknowledge of hiſ Maieſty, Omnipotencie; W iiſedome and Goodneſſe, to'the whole race'of Man— kinde; it ſeemeth mioſt proper that the firſt ſtonce of thiſ building;laid in the foutidation be fetched from the Cre— ation : and the rather,becauſe ſome Naturaliſtſ(eſpecial lyamongſt the auncieft Heathen) haue taken'the Origi— pall of theſe venemouſ Beaſtſ, to be of the earth; without all reſpe& of Dinine and Pri— mary Creation . And:herecunto ſome|Hetetickſ,; aſ the Mamzcheeſ and Marciazteſ, hanue e\fflfſi ine, alſo ſubſcribed; though bot direaly, forthey accdunt the Creation of theſe venemouſ & Epiphan. all kurtfull beaſtſ an vaworthy worke for the good GOD, becauſethey could neuct ſee any good vſe of ſuch creatureſ in the VWeorld. Fr: rif ) 30 Yerwe know the bleſſed Trinity created the whole frame of thiſ viſible W orld by it 7 ». , ſelfe, and for good , reaſonable, and neceſſatric canſeſ;ftamed both the bencficiall® burt— Se full Creatureſ, eyther for a Phyſicall or mctaphyſicallende. Therfore it iſ moſtcertaine, that if we confſider the outward partſ of theſe Creatureſ endued withlife,no rhan nor na— ture could begin and make them, but the firſt Eſſence or fountaine of life : and if we can bebrought, to acknowledge a difference betwixt out ſhallow capacitie, and the deepe wiſedomec of God, it mray neceſſarily follow by an vnatoydable ſequele; that their vſeſ & endeſ were good, although in the barrennefle of ourvnderſtanding, we cannot conceine orleatne them: But I purpoſe not to follow theſe thingeſ Philoſophically by argumentſ, 40 butrather Dinuinely by cuident demonſtration of the thingeſ themſeliveſ. Andfirſt of all, itappeareth, Gen. 1, 24. that God broughtforth out of the carth Wereeping thingeſ after their kinde : And leaſt that any man ſhould doubt, that vnder the generall name of erce— ping thingeſ, Serpentſ and other Venemouſ beaſtſ, were not intelligibly cnough exprcſſſ- ſed, it iſ added Cap.3, 1. That the Serpent waſ more ſubtile then all the Beaſteſ of the frelde which God had made . The Prophet Dawid alſo,Pſal. 148,7. among otherthingeſ which are exhorted by the Prophet to praiſe their Creator, there are named Drago2ſ, which are the greateſt kind of Serpentſ. Vnto thiſ alſo alluded:S. Tameſ, cap. 3 , 7. ſaying : That the whole nature of Beaſteſ, and of Birdeſ, of creeping thingeſ of the ſea iſ tamed by the nature 50 of man : for Man, which iſ next vnto God, hath authoritie and powet, to rule oucr all hiſ workeſ; and thereforeouer Serpentſ. . And herein it iſ fit to ſhew, what wonderſ men haue wroughtvpon Serpentſ, taming and deſtroying them ratherlike W ormeſ and Beaſtſ, no v_uics enemieſ to mankind,but friendly, and endued withſociable reſpect, or elſe aſ weaklingeſ commmxndcd by a ſupe— riour power. Such an one waſ AZ77 a notable Inchaunter,who by rouching ary SIC;SZE: Texterſ 0 Of Serpentſ in Generall. brought it into a deadlie ſleepeſ; according to theſe yerſeſ. ANec nop ſerpenteſ dire exarmare veneno;, Dotinſ Atyr : tallugue graneſ ſepire chelydroſ : In Engliſh thuſ ; i The cunning Atyr, ſerpentſ frerce, of poyſon did difarme, AndWater—ſmakeſ to deadly / ſleepe , by touching he did charme, Aluiſiuſ Cadamuitne, in hiſ deſcription of the new WW orld, tellethanexcellent hyſto. ric of a Lyguriam young man,becing among the Negrveſ trauailing in Affrick, whereby he endenuoureth to proouc, how ordinaty and familiar it iſ to them » to take and charme Set— 15 pentſ, according to the verſe of the Poct; Frigiduſ in pratiſ cantande rumpiter anguiſ thatiſ, The cold—earth—[make in Meddeweſ Greene;, By ſinging, broke inpeeceſ may be ſcene. The young man becing in Affricke among the ANegrdeſ, and lodged in the houſe of; Nephew to the Prince of Brdonie/l, when he waſ takin g himſelfe to hiſ rcſt,ſuddcn]y awa— ked,by—hearing the vawonted noile of the bifing of innumerable ſortſ of Serpentſ;wher— atwhile he wondred,and beeing.in ſome terror, he heard hiſ Hoft (the Princeſ Nephew) 20 to make himſelfe readie to go out of the dooreſ, (for he had called vp hiſ ſeruantſ to de hiſ \Cammelſ:)the young man demaunded—of him the cauſe, why hee would goc out of dooreſ now ſo late in the darke night? to whom he anſwered, I im to goe alittle way,but I willrewrne againeverie ſpecdily : and ſo hee went , and with a charme quicted the Set pentſ, and drouc them all away, rerurning againe with greater ſpeed then the Zygnriap young man. hiſ gheſtexpeG&ed.: And when he had returned, hc aſked hiſ gheſt if hce did notheare the immodcrate hyſſing of the Serpentſ? and he aunſwered, that he had heard them tohiſ great texxour: Then the Priniceſ Nephew (who waſ called Biſborſr) replyed, ſay ing 5 they were Serpentſ which had beſet the houſe,and would haue deſtroyed all their Cartelland Heardſ, except hee had gone foorth to drive them away by a Charme,which 5 wwaſ very common and ordinaty in thoſe partſ wherein were abundance of very burifull Serpentſ. '}l)'hc Lygurian young man, hearing him lay ſo, maruailed abouc meaſure,and Gid,that thiſ thing waſ ſo rare and mitaculouſ, that ſcarcely Chriſtianſ would belecue it. The Ne gro thought it aſ ſtrange that the young man ſhould bee ignorant hecreof, and therefore told him, that their Prince could worke more ſtrange thingſ by a Charme which he had, and that thiſ and ſuch like, were ſmall, vulgar, and not to be accounted miraculouſ. For when he iſ to vſe any ftrong poyſon vpon preſent neceſſitic , to put any man to death, hee putteth ſome venom vppon a ſword, or other peece of Armoutr, and then making alarge round circle, by hiſ Charme compellethmany Serpentſ to come within that circle, hee 40 himſelfe ſtanding amongſtthem, and obſcruing the moſt venomouſ ofthem all ſo afſem— * bled, which he thinketh to containe the ſtrongeſt poyſon, killeth him, and cauſeth there= ſidue to depart away preſentlic 5 then out of the dead Serpent hee taketh the poyſon, and mixeth it with the ſeede of a certaine vulgar Tree, and therewithall annoynteth hiſ datt, attow, or ſwordſ point, whereby iſ cauſed preſent death, if it givethe bodic of a man but a very ſmall wound, cuen to the breaking ofthe ſkinne, or drawing of the blood. And th.c ſaide Negro did earneſtly perſwade the young iman to ſeean experiment heereof, promi— ſing him to ſhew all aſ he had related, but the Zygarian becing more willing to —heare ſuch thingſ told, then bolde to attempt the criall , told him, that hee waſ not willing to ſee any ſuch experiment. And by thiſ itappeareth, that all the Megraeſ are addided to Incantati 5? onſ, which neuer haue anic approbation from G O D, exceptagainſt Serpentſ, which I cannot verie eaſilie be brought to beleeuc. And fecing Ihaucentered into thiſ paſſage of Charming, being (no doubt) an inuen— tion of Man, and therefore argueth hiſ power to tame theſe venomouſ Beaſtſ, according go the former ſaying of Saint Zameſ , although I condemineſuch courſeſ yiterly, 1yfflfſ {? AVWIU T Rand 4 Of Serpentſ in Generall. lawfull to proſecute the ſame, ſecing the holic Ghoſt , Plalme 58, verſe 4, 5, arffirmeth a practile againſt Serpentſ, a dextcritie and ripeneſ in that praGiſe, and yer an impoſſidility to effect any good, except the voyce of the Charmer come to the eare of the Adder : For thuſ hee writeth ; Their poyſop iſ like the poyſon of a Sevpent , like a deafe Adder that Mtoppethſ hiſ eare. 5. Which heareth not the voyce of the Inchaunter , though hee be moit expert in cun. ning. V pon which wordſ, Saint ArguS%ine, Saint Ierom, & Caſfidormſ wryting, ſay ; that when the Charmer commeth to Inchaunt or Charme, then they lay one oftheyr careſ to the earth ſo cloſe, aſ it may not receiue ſound, and their other eare they ſtoppe with theyr taile. I will therefore yet adde ſomewhat more of thiſ taming of Serpentſ. "Ma: Will: I hauc heard a Gentleman of ſinguler learning, & once my W orſhipfull good friend, 16 Morley of and daily encourager ynto all good labourſ, report diverſ timeſ very credibly , vpponhiſ g{ſſie]:e #* _ oqowne knowledge and eye—ſight, that becing at Pad#a in 7#4ly, hee ſawe a certaine Quack. ſaluer, or Mountebacke vpon a ſtage, pull a Viper out of a box, and ſuffcred the ſaide Vi— per to bite hiſ fleſh, to the great admiration of all the beholderſ, receiuing therby no dan. ger at all. Afterward he put off hiſ doublet and ſhirt, and ſhewed vppon hiſ right arme a very great vawonted blew veine, ſtanding beyond the common courſe of nature ; and he ſaid, that he waſ of the linage of Saint Pagle, & ſo were all other that had ſuch yeineſ,and that therefore (by ſpeciall vertue to that Family yiuen from aboue) no Viper nor Serpent could eucr annoy or poyſon them : but withall , the fellowe dranke a certaine compound water, or antidote, for feare of the worſt, and ſo at one time vented both hiſ ſuperftitionſ 29 hypoctiſic, and alſo much ofhiſ Antidote to hiſ great aduantage. But I hauc ſince that time alſo read, in Mezzh/olwſ hiſ Commentarieſ vppon the ſixth Booke of Dioſcorideſ, that there were wont to be many ſuch Iuglerſ in T#4/y , cartying in theyr boſomeſ liuing Serpentſ, of whoſe fraudulent Impoſtureſ hee ſpeaketh in thiſ fort, They take Serpentſ in the VW inter rime, when they growe dead and ſtifkfe through cold, and yet for their better defence againſt their venomouſ byting,they defend themſelueſ by a certaine experimentall vnguent, knowne to bee practiled in thiſ ſport,made of the Oyle prefled out of vvilde Radiſh, the rooteſ of Dragonwort, the inyce of Daffodill, the braine of a Hare, the leaueſ of Sabine, ſpriggeſ of Bay, & ſome other few thingſ there—vnto ad— ded. Aſ ſoone aſ they haue taken them, they inftantly all to ſpette vpon their headſ, for 59 by reaſon of a ſecret antipathy in Nature, they grovw very dull thereby , and lay aſide the force and rage of venome ; for the ſpettle of a Man , iſ of a cleane centtatie operation to their poyſon. And when afterward they make oſtentation heereof in the Market,or pub— lique Stage, they ſufter them to bite their owne fleſh : but firſt of all , they offer the a peece of hard fleſh, where—vppon they bite to clenſe their tecth from all ſpawne and ſpume of ve— nome, or elſ ſometime pull forth thelittle baggeſ of poyſon, which inheere in their chapſ, and vnder their tongueſ, ſo aſ they are neuer more repleate or filled againe : And by thiſ deceit they deceivue the world where eucr they come, giving foorth that they are of the li— nage of Saint Pagde, who caſt a Viper of from hiſ handſ, aſ wee reade in the holic Scrip— ture. It waſ an inuention of auncient time among the wiſe Magitianſ, to make a pipe ofthe ſkinneſ of Catſ leggeſ, and there—withall to drive away Serpentſ ; by which it appeareth, that the ſoucraigntice of Man oucr Serpentſ, waſ ginuen by G O D at the beginning , and waſ not loſt, but continued after the fall of man, (although the kand that ſhould rule be much weaker) and praciſed by the moſt barbarouſ of the world, neceſſitie of defence for— cing a violence and hatred, betwixt the Serpent, and the VW omanſ feede. For thiſ cauſe we reade of the ſeauen daughterſ of A#/ſſ, whereof one waſ called Hyaſ, whoſe dailic ex— exciſe waſ hunting of venomouſ Beaſteſ, and from her the Hyadeſ had their denominati— on. And for a concluſion of thiſ Argument, I will adde thiſ one ſtorie more out of Acliſ= »ni#ſ. VV hen Theniſ the King of Egypt had recciued of Mewelamſ , Helen to be ſafely kept» ** whileſ he trauailed through Aezhropia, it hapned that the King fell in loue with her beau— tie, and oftentimeſ endevoured by violence to rauiſh her; then, it iſ alſo ſaid,that Helew to turne away the Kingſ vnlawfull luft, opened all the matter to Polydayma the wife of The— niſ, who inſtantly fearing her owne eſtate, leaſt that in time to come,faire Welew tfhould de— priue her of her huſbandſ louc , baniſhed het into the Iland of Pharuſ , which waſ full ?lf al 48 I ' 30 Serpdnt; for it iſ ſaid, that one a time'there waſ found a grear S Of Serpentſ in Generall. all manner of Serpentſ, and yet taking pittic on her for her ſimplicitie, gaue het a certaine herbe, whereby ſhe drone away all Serpentſ. For(it iſ ſaid) when'the Sſii_-ſpcms-and veno. mouſ beaſtſ doe but ſmell the ſame herbe, they inſtantly hide their headſ in the earch, e cn comming into that Iſland planted the ſame there, and waſ therefore called by the in. habitantſ, after her owne Namc Helenium , which the Skilfull Herboriſtſ at thiſ day af, firmcto grow in Pharnſ. Vero.thiſ diſcourſe of the taming of Serpentſ, any thing be ſtran ge in the nature of thiſ W ordd, And thoſt are ſome hiſtorieſ of the £a— miliaritie of Men, W omen and Serpentſ, X/exander waſ thought to bee begotten ofa erpent vppon hiſ Mother Olympia aſ ſhee waſſlecping ; and fome ſay (forthe honour both of the Mother and the Sonneythatthiſ Serpent waſ mpiter;turned into the likencſſe ofa Serpent,—aſ wecereade he changed himſelfeinto many otherſhapeſ. And the like ſtory voto thiſ, iſ alledged of Scipio Affricanuſhiſmidcher, who long rime remained barren withour the fruite of the wombe, infomuch aſ that P: Scipie her huſband, viterly diſpaired of poſteritic. It hapned one.day,; aſ ſhe waſ in her bed, her huſband beeirig abſent, there came a great Snake and lay beſide her, cucn iii the preſence of the ſeruantſ and familie, who becingmightily aſto— niſhed thereat, cryed out with loude voyceſ for feare, wherearthe woman awaked , and the Snake ſlidde awayinuiſibly. P: Scipio hearing thiſ report at hiſ returne home, went to *0 the Wiiſardſ to vnderſtand the ſecretor ſignification of thiſ prodigie : who making a ſaſ crifice, gaue aunſwere that it betokened proliication, or birth of children, and thereypon followed the birth of Scipio Affricanieſ. Wereade alſo in Plurarch of certaine Serpentſ, louerſ of young Virginſ, who after they were taken and inſuared, ſhewed all manner of luſtfull, vitiouſ,& amorouſ geſtureſ ofvncleaneneſ and carnalitie ; and by name,there waſ one that waſ in loue with one Ae— toliz a Virgin, who didaccuſtome to come ynto het in the night time, ſlyding gentlie all ouer her body neuer harming hecf, but aſ one glad of ſuch acquaintance, tarried with her in that dalliance till the morning, and then would depart away of hiſ owne accorde : the which thing becing made manifeſt ynto the Guardianſ and Tutourſ of the Virgin, they 39 remoued her yvnto another Towne. The Serpent miſſing hiſ Loue, ſought her vppe and downe three orfoure dayeſ, and at laſt mette her by chance, and then hee ſaluted her not aſ he waſ wont, with fawning, and gentle ſlyding, but fiercely afſaulted her with grimme and auſtere countenaunce,flying to her handſ, and bindin g thermm with the ſpire of hiſ bo— die faſt to her ſideſ, did ſoftly with hiſ tayle beate vpon her backer partſ. W hereby waſ collected, ſome token of hiſ chaſtiſement ynto her, who had wronged ſuch a Louer with her wilfull abſence and diſappointment. It iſ alſo reported by Ac/ianmſ, that Egemon in hiſ verſeſ, writeth ofone Alewa a 77 heſ= Jalian, who feeding hiſ Oxen in 77 heſſaly, neere the Fountaine Zemoninſ, there fell in loue withhim a Serpent ofexceeding bigneſſe and quantitie, and the ſame would come vnto 49 him, and ſoftly licke hiſ face and golden haire , without dooing him any manner of hur: atall. . Theſe, and ſuch like thingeſ, doc cuidently prooue, that Serpentſ are not onely invo. lnntarilie tamed by Men, but alſo willingly keepe quarter with them, yeelding to the firſt ordinance of the Creatour, that made them ſubieQ&ſ & vaſſalſ to men, And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice to haue ſpoken in thiſ place, concerning the firſt creation of Serpentſ. (*+") ſ , B 3 Of I'may adde yet more ſtrange thingſ, if Plutarch, ( Oppiuſ Inl: Zſtſſgm Gellim Picrineſ, \ ) | Pierine, Pliny. Galien. Plutarch. Prermſa, Textorſ Afacrobiuſ ( elinſ Rbo: Pliny. Of Serpentſ in Generall. Of the naturall (Zehercttion of Se r re n t ſ, and their ſeucrall Originallſ. a\ T becingthus-clccrcd , thatSerpentſ were arthe beginning crea. ted by G O D, and are ruled by Men, it now followeth,;that wee ſhould in the next place talk of the matter oftheir beginning, and the meaneſ of their continuancecuer ſince their Creation. Firſt therefore it iſ moſt plaine in Geneſiſ, that the Earth, (by , 6 the vertue of the W ord of,.G O D) did produce all Creeping / &S2) 4 thingſ, and among them Serpentſ : but ſince that time,they haue engendered both naturally, and alſo prodigiouſly. Aſ concerning their conſtitution,it iſ held to bemoſt cold , abouc all other liuing Crea. tureſ ; and therefore P/ipy writeth, that they haue neither heate, nor bloode, nor ſwear, Heere—ynto ſubſcribeth Galew and R4/ſ ; yet Auicen ſcemeth to affitme the contraty. Mer. curiall decideth thiſ controuerſic, and proucth that Serpentſ are extreamely cold, & their bodieſ outwardly moiſt. Firſt, becaule thoſe which are ſtunge & poyſoned by Serpentſ, are opprcſſcd with an vnnaturall cold, which ouercommeth naturallheate, and diſtendeth all their partſ, vexing them intollerably. Secondly, there can be aſſigned no otherreaſon 10 why theſe Creatureſ hide themſelueſ 4.monethſ in the yere,but onely their naturall cold, making the ſo tender,aſ they are altogether vniit to endure any externall frigiditie. T hird— ly, if a Man take a Snake or a Serpent into hiſ handling in the midſt of Sommer, & war. meſt part of the yeere, yer ſhall he perceive, that they are cold in a palpable manner being aliue, which iſ not a qualitie competible to any other exrcature. Fourthly;ſceing that blood iſ the proper and nativue ſeate of all heate in naturall living bodieſ, Serpentſ hauing a very ſmall quantitie of blood, muſt alſo haue a ſmaller proportion ofhecate : and therfore itfol— loweth vnaucidably, that the eminencic of their tempecrament, iſ cold in the higheſt de— gree, aboue all other living Creatureſ. And that their bodieſ be outwardlic moyſt, it ap. peareth (ſaith J/dorm) by thiſ,that when they ſlide along vpon the Earth,(which way ſo— 30 euer they goe) they leaue behind them in their traine or path a ſlymic humour. By thiſ therefore it iſ confirmed, that they are of the Earth and of the W ater, aſ after— ward we ſhall ſhew in the deſcription of their kindeſ. But yet there are prodigiouſ begin— ningſ of Serpentſ, whereofſome ſeeme to be true, & other to be fabulouſ.. T he firſt ſort are thoſe which Plinie affirmeth to be engendred ofthe marrowe in the backe—bone of a man, and that indifferently, out of the dead bodieſ of good & euillmen. Yet ſome more modeſt, thinking it vareaſonable, that the remnantſ of a good meeke man , ſhould beget or be turned into ſo barbarouſ, venomouſ,& cruell a nature ; rather taking it for granted, that peace and quietneſ iſ the reward of ſuch perſonſ, attribute theſe beginningſ or altera— tionſ to the bodicſ of wicked men, aſ a iuſt deſcrued puniſhment of their former euillſ, 40 that the reucrſion of their bodicſ ſhould after death turne into Serpentſ , whom they te— ſembled being aline in the venemouſ fraude of their ſpiritſ. Ofthiſ Owid ſpeaketh: Sunt que cum clanſo putrefait a eſt Spinaſecpulchro, Mutari credunt humanaſ angue inedullaſ, WW hich may be thuſ engliſhed ; Some thinke the putride backe—bone in the grane rack d, Oy marrow changd,the ſhape of Smakeſ to take. In Egypr, aſ Froggeſ and Mice are engendred by ſhowerſ of raine, ſo alſo are Serpeniſ: 50 And Anicen Gaith, that the longeſt hairxeſ of women are eaſily turned into Serpentſ. Ni— cander dreamecth, that all venomouſ beaſteſ are engendred of the blood of the Tjzanſ of Gyantſ. Acuſilanſ, of the blood of Typhon. Apolleniuſ Rhodiuſ of the dropſ of blood which doe diſtill from Gorgomſ. Virgilinſ ſaith, that dung becing laid in a hollow plage,ſubicct to Feceine moyſture, engendereth Serpentſ, Of the Gargenſ dropſ, Onid writcth thuſ. & < = < Cumg# Of Serpentſ in Generall 9 Cumgue ſuper Lybicaſ vitdtor penderet arengſ, Gorgonei capitiſ gutte cecidere cruenta, Quaſ hummſ EXCeptaſ, varioſ animauit in angueſ, Vnde frequenſilla eſtinfeſtaque cerra colubriſ. W hich may thuſ be Engliſhed : . And aſ he oner—flew The Lybicke [andeſ, the dropſ of bloud that from the head did I ſewe Of Gorgon being new cut off, vpon the @round did fall, Which taking them., and aſ it were conceining them withall, o Engendred ſundry Snakeſ and wormeſ: by meaneſ whereof that Clyme Did ſwwarme with Serpentſ ener ſince, to thiſ ſame preſent time. Thie, But moſt_ ſtrange of all other, aze the ſucceeding Narrationſ. For it iſ reported that when L. Scipio, and C. Norbanuſwere Conſulſ, that the mother of Cluſiwſ in Hetruria, brought foorth a lining Serpent in ſtead of a childe, and the ſayde Serpent by the com: maund of the .V\ iſardeſ waſ caſt into a Ryucr, neuercheleſſe it woulde not drowne but ſwimmed againſt the ſtreame. And Pliny ſayth, that at the beginning of the Marſycke warre, there waſ a mayd—ſeruaunt that brought foorch another Serpent . And Fanſſina Obſe the Emprefſe dreamed that ſhe brought foorth Serpentſ, when ſhee waſ with childe of 20 Commoduſ and Antoninuſ, and one oftheſe Serpentſ ſeemed more fierce then the other, which prouced allegorically true : for afterward Commoduſ waſ ſo voluptuouſ and tytan— nouſ, that he ſeemed like a Serpent to beborne for nothing, but for the deſtruGion of mankinde. In the yeare of the Lorde 1 5 5 1. there waſ a little Latine booke printed at View»ſ, wherein waſ contained thiſ Hiſtory following. In thiſ Summer (ſayth the Booke)jabout S. Margariteſ day , there happened moſtrare and admyrable Accidentſ : for neere a Vil. lage called Zich/a, by the River Thev/e in Awungaria, there were many Serpentſ & Liſardſ bred in the bodieſ of men, very like to ſuch aſ are bred in the earth , whereupon they fell into exquiſite tormentſ : and there dyed of that calamity, about three thouſand, & ſome 30 of the bodyeſ being layde againſt the Sunne gaping, the Serpentſ came foorth of theyr moutheſ , and ſuddenly entred into their bellieſ againe. Amongſt other, there waſ a cer— taine Noble—manſ daughter which dyed of that malady, and when ſhe waſ difſected or ripped, there were found in her body two great Serpenteſ. Theſe thingeſ ſeerne to bee mitaculouſ and aboue the order of Nature: yet credible, becauſe in our experience in England, there haue beene VW ormeſ like Serpenteſ found in the bodieſ of men, whereſ offome haue beene cieGed the partieſ being aliue, and other when aſ the partieſ were dead. But that theſe beginningſ of Serpentſ being vonawwrallare Divine and ſeat from God aſ ſcourgeſ , it may appeare by another notable Hiſtory, recorded in the aforenaſ med booke, both in the ſame yeare, and in the ſame Countrey. 40 Thete waſ (ſayth mine Author) found in a mowſt or rycke of corne, almoſt aſ many Snakeſ, Adderſ, and other Serpenteſ, aſ there were ſheakeſ, ſo aſ no one ſheafe corld be remoued, but there preſently appeared a heape of ougly and fierce Serpentſ. The coun— trey:men determined to ſet fire vpon the Barne, and ſo attempted to do;, but in yaine, for the ſtraw would take no fire, although they laboured with all their wit and pollicye, to burne them vp : Atlaſt, there appeared vnto them at the top of the heap a huge great Serpent, which lifting vp hiſ head ſpake with manſ voyce to the countrey—men, ſaying ; Ceaſe toproſecute your deniſe, for you ſhall not be able to accompliſh our burning, for wee were not bredde by Nature, neither came we hither of our owne accord, but were /lEnt by God to t-_zlce vengeance on the ſinneſ of men. And thuſ much for the true and naturall beginningeſ of S" Serpenteſ. | Now we reade in holy Scripture , that the rod of AMyſeſ waſ turned into a ic_:rpcnt by divine myracle, whereby he waſ afuted of the power that God woulde give 111111 to de— liner hiſ people Iſtacll out of Egypt, which land abounding with Serpenteſ, bot nalflk rall bredde in the earth, and morall, ſuch are crafty and polliticke Princeſ and people : yet Moſeyſhoulde take them aſ he did hiſ Serpent by the gayle, and cauſe them to b;\::: dquent, ſ | | E Q Of Serpentſ in Generall. vnto him like aſ it were a wand , or elſe ſome other little walking ſtaffe : and alſo that hiſ power ſhould be voreſiſtable; becauſe hiſ Serpent devuouted otherſ. The Magitianſ or Sorcererſ, (aſ Zammeſ & Zambreſ) reſiſted him,and alſo turned their rodſ into Serpentſ, But Myſeſ did it by truc pictie, they by diabolicall deluſionſ ,aſ falle Chriſtianſ many timeſ worke miracleſ by outward ſigneſ of true pictic,and thercfore Moſeſ trodde oucr—came the Sorcererſ Serpentſ, becauſe the end of fraude and falſhood iſ, to be oucrcomeby truth & pictic. Erom thiſ changing of rodſ into Serpentſ, came the ſeuerall metamorphofing of ſiun. dry other thingſ into Serpentſ alſo,aſ that tale of Orphewſ head, after he waſ torne in pece ceſ by the Thraſ/am women ; and the ſame throwne into a Rivier, waſ taken vp in ZLemameſ. 14 The Poct deſcribeth it thuſ ; + Hic feruſ expoſito peregriniſ angniſ areniſ Oſpetit, & ſparſoſ {lillantirore capilloſ Lambut, & bymuiferoſ inbiat dinellere valiuſ : Tandem Phobuſ adeſt : morſuſgque inferre parantemſ Arcet, & in Lapidem rilEuſ Serpentiſ apertoſ. Cengelat,&r patuloſ vt erant indurat hiatuſ. In Engliſh thuſ ; No ſooner on the forraine coalt now caſt a—land they were, 26 But that cyuellnatur d Snake did ſtraight vpon them fly, And licking on hiſ ruffled haire, the which waſ dropping dry, Did gape to tyre vpon thoſe lippeſ that had beene wont to ſing The heanenly bymneſ. But Phoobuſ ſtraight prenenting that ſanee thing, Diſpointſ the Serpent of hiſ baite, and turneſ himinto Lone, With gaping chapſ. &c. So Iſaciuſ Txet=eſ writeth, that when Tiyeſiſ found Serpentſ in carnall copulationin Citharon, he ſlew a femall ,who preſently after death waſ turned into a W oman, thenal— fo he ſlew a male, who likewile becing dead, waſ in the ſame place and manner turned in— 59 to a man, WW hen Cadmſ waſ ſent by hiſ Father, to ſeeke out hiſ ſiſter Ewzop# that vvaſ rauiſhed by ypifer, with ſtraight charge not to returne backe againe except he could finde her, hauing ſpent much time in ſecking her, to no purpoſe, becauſe he could not find her, and not daring to goe backe againe to hiſ father ; hee waſ warned by the Oracle that hee ſhould goe into 3207/a to build a Cittic. Comming thether,hc ſent hiſ companionſ to the Fountaine of Mrſ that waſ in the Countrey to fetch water, where a great Serpent came and killed them ; at the laſt, C#2Zp#ſ not finding their returne , went likewiſe to the ſame Fountaine, where he found all hiſ men ſlaine, and the Serpent approching to aſſaile him, but he quickly killed it. Afterward he waſ admoniſhed by Paſ/zſ, to ſtrew the teeth of the ſame Serpent vppon the ground, which he performed , and then out of thoſe teeth (ſaith 49 Ofid) axoſe a multitude of Armed—men, who inſtantly fell to fight one with the other, in fuch cruell and bloodic manner, that at the laſt there were but fiue of them all left aliue, which fiue (by the will of Paaſ) were preſerued to be the Fatherſ of the people of Thebeſ. And ſo Apolloniſ faincth, thatwith the helpe of men bred of Serpentſ teeth , came Inſar to obtaine the Golden—Flecce, T hey faine alſo, that Achelowſ when hee ſtroue with Zeyculeſ about Dejanira,turned himſelfe into diuerſ ſhapeſ, and laſt of all into a Serpent, or aſ ſome ſay,into a Rivner. So likewiſe Cadrſ aforc—(aid, becing oucr—come with the ſight and fence of hiſ ownemiſe— ricſ, and the great calamitieſ that befell to hiſ Daughterſ & Nepheweſ, forſooke 77 hebeſ, and came into 2//riwme, where it iſ ſaid,,that hee earneſtly deſired of the Godſ to be curned 59 into a Serpent, becauſe a Serpent waſ the firſt originall of all hiſ extremitieſ. Antipater faineth Zupiter to be turned into a Serpent, and Meduſarefuſing the louc of Neptune, iſ al— £o fained by Ow@d to be turned into a Serpent, when he writeth; Hane pelagi rettor templo vitiaſſe Minerue, Dicitur, averſuſ eit & caſtoſ Acgide vuliunſ y Nutk Of Serpentſ in GFenerall. 2 Nata Toulſ texit : nene hecſ impune fuiſſffeſi;t, \ Gorgoneitm crinem turpeſ mutauit in Hydroſ. Nunc quoque vt aitonitoſ formidine terreat hofteſ, Petiere in aduer/ſ0, quoſ fecit ſuſtiner angueſ. JIn Engliſh thuſ ; It iſ reported how ſhe foould abuſde byNeptune be, 1 In Pallaſ Church, from which fowle fact, Joueſ danghter turnd hey de : | to And leaſt it ſhould vnpuniſpt be, ſhe turnd her ſcemely haire To loathſeme Snakeſ, the which the more to P#t her foeſ infeare, Before hir breaſt continually ſhe in her hand doth beare» Picrinſ writeth, that the myrtle rod waſ not lawfull to be brought into the Temple of | Hecateſ, and that a Vine braunch waſ extended oucr the head of het ſigne : and whereaſ it waſ not lawfull to name wine, they brought it into her Temple yndetr the name of milke, and that therein continually lined harmeleſſe Serpentſ. The reaſon of al thiſ wwaſ, becauſe that her owne father Fawp#@ſ fell in loue with her, whom ſhe reſiſted with al mo.. deſty, although ſhe were beaten with a myrtle rodde, and made to drinke VW inc 5 but at * Jaſt the beaſtly father waſ tranſformed into a ſerpent, and then hee oppreſving her with the ſpyreſ of hiſ winding body, rauiſhed her againſt her minde. Theſe and ſuch like ſto. ricſ and Fableſ are extant about the beginningeſ of ſcrpentſ ; all which, the Reader may conſider, to ſtirre vp hiſ minde to the earneſt and ardent meditation of that power that of ſtoneſ canmake men, of Rockſ water, of water wine, and of ſmall roddeſ great ſet. pentſ. Then thuſ having expreſſed the originallof ſeipenteſ in their creation, it followeth ſ now to adde the reſidue of thiſ Chapter about their generacion. It iſ a generall rule ?#)» . thatall beaſtſ wanting feet and hauc long bodieſ, performe their worke of carnall copy **&ilotle lation by a mutuall embracing one of the other, aſ Lampreyſ and ſerpenteſ : And it iſ 3 certaine, that two ſerpentſ in thiſ aGtion ſeeme to be one body and two headſ, for they are ſo indiviſibly vnited and conioyned together, and the frame of theit body iſ alrogi= therynapt for any othermanner of copulation. VWW hen they are in thiſ aGion they ſend forch a ranke ſauour offenſiue to the ſence of them that doc perceiue it : And although like vnto many Fiſheſ, they want ſtoneſ, yet haue they two open paſſageſ wherin lyecth their gencrative ſced, and which being filled, procureththem to their veneriall Iuſt, the ſeede it ſelfe being like a milky humour ; and when the female iſ vnder the male,;ſhe hath alſo her paſſlageſ to receiue the feed, aſ itwereinto the celleſ of hir wombe,; and there it iſframed into an eggeo, which ſhe hideth in the earth an hundred in a cluſter, about the . quantity of a Birdeſ egge, or a great bead, ſuch aſ are vſed ſometime by women. . 4 And thiſ iſ generall for all ſerpentſ except Viperſ,who lay no eggeſ; but harch in their wombeſ their young oneſ, aſ we ſhall ſhew at large in their particular hyſtory. The ſerſ penthaning layd her eggefitteth vpon them to hatch them at ſeucrall tiimeſ, and in a | yeare they are perfected into: young oneſ. But concerning the ſuppoſed copulation of | ſerpentſ and Lampreyſ, 1 will not meddle in thiſ place , reſeruing that diſcourſe to the hiſtoric of fiſheſ, and now only it ſufficeth in thiſ place to name it, aſ a feigned invehtion, although ſaint Arbro/eand other auncient W riterſ haue belecued the ſame, yet Athe— #exſ, and of late dayeſ P. Jowiuſ, haue learnedly and ſufficientlie declared by vnanſwear— able argumentſ the cleane contrarie. The ferpentſ loue their eggeſ moſt tendcrly, and doccueric one ofthem know their owne, euen among confuſed heapeſ of the multitude, and no lefle iſ their lonue to their young oneſ; whom for their ſafeguard, ſomctime they fecciue into their moutheſ and ſuffer them to runne into their bellieſ : And thuſ much for thegencration of lerpdentaloilFiſſ T E0 WESINE: e lianwe, Of 10 Of Serpentſ in Generall. Of the NCameſ of Serpentſ, and their feuerall partſ or Anatomie, Y Serpentſ we vnderſtand in thiſ diſcourſe all venomonſ Beaſt;, whether creeping without leggeſ, aſ Adderſ and Snakeſ, or with leggeſ, aſ Crocodileſ and Lizardſ , or more neerely compaged bodieſ, aſ Toadeſ, Spiderſ and Beceſ; following heerein the war. rant of the beſt ancient Latiniſtſ, aſ namely Cormelinſ Celſiſ, Pl—15 amy & Apuleiuſ doe call Lyce Serpentſ, in that their relation of the death of Pherecydeſ the Sirzan, who waſ the Prxxceptor of Py#y. ____ ==>) goyaſ, of whom it iſ ſaid, Serpentibuſ perifſſe, to have pertiſhed by Serpentſ, when on the contraty it iſ manifeſtec he waſ killed by Lyce. A7/##orle and G4— len definue a Seorpent to be enizral (enguinew pedibuſ orbatum & omparum, that iſ, a b!oody Beaſt without tecte, yet laying eggeſ ; and {o properly iſ a Serpent to be vndetſtood. The Habreweſ call a Serpent Nychaſth. Darcon and Cheneia by the Chaldeeſ : ſo alo Thaninim & Schephiphon, by the Hebreweſ, aſ Rabbi Salomon, Munſter & Pagnine wiite, The Grzecianſ, Oph1diand Ophiſ, although thiſ word doc alſo ſignifie a Viper in particu. lat, cuen aſ the Latine, Serpenſ, or ſerpula doe , fometime a Snake, and ſometime an Ad—290 der, The Arabianſ Zz/ſ and Hadaie, for allmanner of ſerpentſ, And Teſ?reÞ or Tepſto, or Agcſtiin for ſerpentſ of the wood; likewiſe Apartiaſ & Atuſſi. T he Germanſ Eip (chlang: which word ſecineth to be deriued from Ang@# by an vſuall figure, and after the German faſhion, prepoſing Sch, The Erench call it Vw/ſerpent, the Italianſ Seype & /erpente : and Maſſariuſ aithb, that Scorzo and Scorzone, are generall wordeſ for all manner of Serpentſ in Italy,which ſtrike with theirteeth. The Spanyardſ call them Szeype. The Grzecianſ call the young oneſ in the Dammeſ belly, Ebzm@: and the Latineſ Cazwuli— Andthuſmuch for their Nameſ in generall, which in holy Scripture iſ engliſhed a Creeping thing. Now it followeth, that I'ſhould ſette downe a particular deſcription of all the outward partſ of Serpentſ ; and firſt of all, their colour iſ for the moſtpart like the place of theirha—30 bitation orabode, I mcanelike the Earth, wherein they lineſ and therefore I haue ſeene ſome blacke,lining in dung, ſome yellow, liuing in ſandy rockſ, & ſome of other colour, ' aſ greene, lining in treeſ and fieldeſ ; but generally, they haue ſpotſ on their ſideſandbel— lic, like the ſcaleſ of fiſh, which are both white, black, greene, yellow,browne,& of other coloutſ alſo, of which Owi@d wriitcth : Longo caput extulit antro, Geruleuſ ſerpenſ horrendaque ſibila miſit. that iſ, The grceniſh Serpent extolld her head from denne ſo {teepe, Andfearefull byſſing didſendforth from throate ſo deepe. 40 The frame of their bodieſ doth not much varry in any,except in the feere &length,ſo that with a referuation of them, we may expreſſetheir vniuerſall Anatomy in one vitWe: for almoſt all of them are ofthe ſame proportion that iſ ſeene in Lyzardſ,itthe feetcbeex— cepted, and they made to hanue longer bodieſ. For they are incloſed in a kinde of ſhell or cruſtic Skinne, hauing their ypper partſ on their backe, and the nether partſ on the bellie like a Lizard y but they wantſtoneſ,S& haueſuch manner of placeſ for copulation aſ fiſheſ have, their place of conception becing long and clonuen. All their bowelſ , by realon 0 the length and narrowneſ of their bodieſ, are alſo long and narrow ,and hard to be diſcer— » ned, becauſe of the diſſimilitude of their figureſ and ſhapeſ. Their arterie iſ long, & their 50 throate louger then that : the ground orroote of the artery iſ neere the mouth , (0282 man would indgc it to be vnder the tongue, ſo aſ it ſcemeth to hang out aboue the torf !4 eſpecially when the tongue iſ contracted, and drawne backward, The head long like? Fiſheſ, and flatte ; neuer much bigger then the bodie, except in monſtrouſ and great ſha— ped Serpentſ, aſ the So@ſ, Y ca, Ariſtotlemakethmention of a Scrpent that had 2— hcg(iz I H Of Serpentſ in Generall. I1 and Aypolduſ, of a Serpent in the Piraney Mountaineſ, ſlaine by a ſouldietr, that had three hcadſ, in whoſe belly yvere found two ſonneſ of the ſaid ſouldier deuoured by him, and the back—bone thereof waſ aſ great aſ a manſ ſkull, or a Rammeſ head. And ſuch an one we readin our Epghſh ſtory waſ found in England, inthe yceere 1349. And the 23 yeere of Edward the thirdy there waſ a ſerpentfound in Oxfordſhire, neere Chippingnorton, thar Hoelirſved. had two headſ and faceſ like women; one becing ſhaped after the new attite of that time, ;r}d Zuprhcr after the manner of the old atryre, and it had great wingeſ, after the manner of a Dat. Q . Tokſ' i The Tongueof aiSerpentiſ peculiar, for beſideſ the length & natrowneſe thereok it 10 iſ allo cloucn at thetippe, becing'denuided aſ inwere with very little or ſmall naileſ pointſ. Itiſalio thinnc,lon_g,and blackof colour,volubleyncither iſ there any beaſt that moneth the tongue ſo ſpeedily;: whereforeſome hauc thought;that a Serpent hath three tongueſ, butin vaine, aſ J/deywſ ſheweth; for they deceire by: thenimibleneſ thereof. Their yen— tricle iſ Jarge, like their ma , and like vnto a dogſ; alſothinnge;, and vniforme at the end., T he Hart iſ very ſmall, and cleaueth to:.the end of'thcirſiartcry, brit yer it iſ long, & ſhew. cth like the reyneſ of a Man : vyyherefore ſometimeſ it may beſcene to bend the tippe or lappe thereof to thebreaſt ward: After thiſ followeththe Lightſ; but farte ſeperate from it, being ſimple,—fullof fibreſ, and opemholeſlike pipeſ, and very long : The Liner long and ſimple ; the Meltſinall and round aſ in Lizardſ: The Galliſ for the moſt part aſ in A 20 ſheſ, but in W ater—ſMakeſ it iſ ioyned to the Liner : in otherSerpentſ to the ſtomacke or maw. All their teeth ſtand. out of their mouthſ and they haucthittic tibbeſ,; enuen aſ there were among the H;xbreweſ and Egyprianſ thirtic daieſ to eucty month. Ariſtotle Gaith, that aſ their eyeſbe ſmall; ſo allo they haue the ſame good hap that be— falleth young Swalloweſ,for if by chancethey ſeratch or rend/out their eyeſ, then it iſ ſaid they hauc other grow yp naturally in their placeſ:: Inlike manner their tayleſ becing cut offgrow againe. And generally,Serpentſ haue theitharvin the throat,the gall in the bel— lic or ſomack, and their ſtoneſneerethcit tayle: Their eggeſ are long and ſoft,& in theit teeth they carric poyſon of defence and anoyance, for whichcauſe they deſire abouc all o— ther thingſ to ſaue their headſ. Their fight iſ but dull anddim, and they can hardlic looke go atone ſide» or backward, becauſe their eyeſ are placed in their templeſ, and not in theyr fore—hcad, and thercfore they heare better then they ſec. They haue eyc—liddeſ,for gene— rally no creatureſ haue cyc—liddeſ;exceptthoſe which haue haire in the other partſ of their bodicſ ; foure—footed Beaſtſ in the vpper cheeke, Fowleſ in the nether , or Lyzardſ which haue eggeſ, or Serpentſ which haue ſoft backſ: T hey hauc alſo certaine paſſageſ of brea— thing in their noſtriliſ, but yet they are not ſo plaine that they can be termicd noſtrillſ, but brcaxhing placeſ. Theyr eareſ are like to finny Fiſheſ, namely ſmall paſſageſ,or hollowe placeſ in the backer partſ of their head, by which they heare: Their tecth are likeſaweſ, or the teeth of Combeſ ioyned one within the other,;that ſo they might not be worne out by grinding or grating togcther ; and yet they bend inward, 40 to the end that they may the better hold theirmeate in their moutheſ, becing without all ' otherexternall helpc for that purpoſe ; for cuen thoſe Serpentſ which have feete , yetcan they not apply them to their chapſ. In the vpper chap they haue two longer then all the reſidue, on either ſide one, bored thorough with a little holc like the ſting of a Scorpion, by which they vtrer their poyſon. Yet there be ſome good Authorſ that nffirmc,Fhar thiſ poyſon iſ nothing elſ but their gall, which iſ forced to the mouth by certaine veineſ vnm. det the ridge or backe—bone. Some againe ſay, that they haue but one long tooth, & that acrooked one, which turneth vpward by often byting, which ſometime falleth off, apd then groweth againe, of which kinde thoſe are, which men carry vp and downe tame in their boſomſ, & — 5% Although they be greatrauenerſ, yet iſ their throate butlong and narrow , for helpe whetrcof when they haue gotten a bootie, theyered themſelueſ vppon their tayleſ , and wallow downe their meate the more caſily. (They cannot be ſaid properly to haue any neck, yet ſomthing they haue, which in proportion anſwereth that part They þnllc taileſ like allother creatureſ, except Men and Apcſ, and ſome ſay that theirpoyſon iſ contay— ned in theit tayleſ, & iſ from thence conuayed into little bladderſ in their mouthcs,th{crrcc- HFO EDDVAVR ENW 5 Aliania, ]_ſi d OTIe \ | 3 | I12 Of Serpentſ in (;renemll. fore the Mountebanckſ or Iuglerſ, breake that bladde, that they may keepe them with. out poyſon, but within the ſpace of twentie foure houreſ, theyare recolleGted, and growe ancw againe. 5 3 £35 bSP Their bodieſ are coucred ouer with a certaine ſkinlike a thinnic barke, and vppon Ser. pentſ it ſupplieth the place that ſcaleſ and luai;c doe ypon Beaſtſ and Fiſheſ; for i_ndr:ed it 1ſ a pure ſkinne, and in moſt thingſ they are like to Fiſheſyexceptthat they hane lightſ, & Fiſheſ haue none : the reaſon iſ, they line on the Earth, and the Fiſheſ in the Sea, & thet— fore haue finneſ and gilleſ in ſtead thereof. T he little Serpentſ hauc all their boneſ like thorneſ, but the greater, which ſtaind in neede of greater ftretngth, hamre folide boneſ for their firmitude and better conſtitution»Itiſ queſtionable whether they haneany melt or no, and ſome ſay they hauc at the timcofthcir laying of cggcs,andctnoc_ otherwiſe, They: place of conception or ſecrete, iſ large, and ſtanr}cth farre out, bcglpnmg beneath, and@ ariſing vp to the back—bonedouble ; thatiſ; hauing one ſiskmnſſc or cpclqſure on cither ſide, with a double palage wherein the cggeſ.aroe cngendeſir_cd, which arenot Lf\yd one by one, but by heapeſ or cluſterſ topgether. T hey haue nobladderto containe vrine, like to al} 4 ther Creatuteſ, which haue featherſ, ſcaleſ, or rinde—ſpeckled—ſkinneſy except the T ortci. ſeſ : the reaſon iſ, becauſe of the exiguitieand ſmaleneſof the aſiumed humour , and alſo all the humout acquired; iſ conſumed into a looſe and enaporateficth. And to conclude thiſ Anatomie, I willadde a ſhort deſcription vvhichGzeg0%wſ Macer a Phiſition wrote to Geſner 13 58.by hiſ ownediſſecion aſfollowcth, fay ing: " iſ Aſ I lay.atreſt in a greene field, there carne vnto'mee a great Serpchthyſſing, & hold. ding vp her necke, which I ſuddainly withapecce of yvood amazed at a ſtroake , and o flevy without perrill to my ſelfe. Afterward, ſtickingherfaſtto a pale; T'dreyy offher Skin, which waſ yeric faſt and ſhatpe, and I found betwixt the ſkinne & the fleſh, a certaine lit tle thinne ſkinne, deſcending all vppon thcbody withtheoutward Skinne, and thiſ yyaſ fſome—whatfat. And when I came ynto the place'of excremeiitſ , I found it like a Fiſheſ, but there iſſued forth certaine filth, farre exceeding in'ftinking ſauour the excrementſ of a man. After Thad thuſ pulled offtheſkinne, itwaſ caſiefor mee to looke into the inward partſ, which I found to anſwetre the inward' Anatomy of Fiſheſ & Fowwleſ in ſome partſ, and in other thingſ,there appeared a properdiſpoſition tothe Serpentitſelfe. For the ar. 30 terie Trachea waſ about three or foure fingerſ long,; #itredabout with little tound cit— cleſ, and ſo.diſcended to thelightſ, vnto which the harvand the bladder contayning the gall, did adhare or cleauc faſt. Thentbe liner waſ longlike the fiſh Zac/zy,and ſo a white caule or farneſ coucred both the liner and ſtomack; which waſ halfe a ſpannelong : The gutreſ began at the chappeſ, and ſo deſcendecd downe tothe place of ekcrementſ, aſ vvee ſeethey doe in Fiſheſ. Beneath the liuer were the gutteſ, vpon either ſide deſcended a certaine neruy or hard veine, vato which the eggeſ did cleaue : which were coucered with ſuch little ſkinneſ aſ Henneſ eggeſ are before they be layd,but yet they werediſtinguiſhed in ſeate or placebe— cauſe of thecir multitude ; for vpon cither ſide I found two and thirty eggeſ. The tongue 42 of the Serpent waſ cloten, and very ſharpe y but there appeared not any poyſon therein. And ſo it iſ cuident, that in the veine Tracheſ, hart and lightſ , it agreeth with Birdeſ ; in the liver, gutteſ and caule, it reſembleth a Fiſh, but in the place of the gall,and diſpoſition of the eggeſ, it differeth from both. And thitſ farte At29@>, with whoſe wordſ I will com clude thiſ Chapter of Serpentſ Anatomic. ' J Of the quantitie of Serpentſ, and theyr. abode, foode, and other accidentſ, S© ſ\%;ct:ct O great iſ the quantitic of Serpentſ, and theirlong during age incrcaſct? 50 & By them to ſo great a ſtature, that I am almoſt afraide to relate the ame,leaſt — 0 TX3 + : — 5 | $2Z ſome ſuſpitiouſ and enuiouſ minded petſonſ, ſhould vrterly condemne!t \ AB & in t @ 52 for fabulouſ ;but yet when I confſidernot onely the plencifull reſtimonteſ "too eiX of worthy and vadoubted Antiquatieſ, and allo the euidence of all age% (not excepting thiſ wherein we liue) wherein are and have beene ſhewed pubhqud}'hmſi:ſſ ny Serpentſ and Serpentſ ſkinneſ,] recciue warrantſufficient to expteſſe what thbciy ſicl " Tin BY EEV IE 4 ty _— obſtred Of Serpentſ in Generall. 13 obſerned, and aſſured aunſwere for allfuture ObieStionſ, of ignorant, incredulouſ; and ynexperienced Aſſcs.. thrcfore aſ the life of Serpentſ iſ long ; ſo iſ the time of theyr growethſ and aſ their kindeſ be many, (aſ wee ſhall manifeſt in the ſucceeding diſcourſe) ſo in theirmultitude, ſome grow much greater and bigger then other. Gellinſ writeth, that when the Romaneſ were in the Garthagenian warte , and Attilinſ Reguluſ the Confſull hadpitched hiſ Tentſ ncere vnto the riuer Bragrada,there waſ a Ser— ent of monſtrouſ quantitie, which had beene lodged within the compaſſe of the Tentſ, and therefore did cauſe to the whole Armic exceeding great calamitie, vntill by caſting of ſtoneſ with flingſ , and many other deuiſeſ, they oppreiſed and flew that Serpent, andat, o rerward Aeyed offthe ſkinne :md ſeſint it to Rowe , which waſ in lengcth one hundred and twenrie feete. And although thiſ ſeemeth to be aBeaſt of vnmarchable ſtature, yet Poſſ— deniuſ a Chitiſtian W riter, relateth a ſtorie of anotber which waſ much greater , for hee writechy that he ſaw a Serpent dead, of the length of an acre of Land , and all the reſidue. boch of head and bodic, were anſwerable in proportion, for the bulke of hiſ bodic waſ fo great, and lay ſo high,:that two Horſemen could not ſee one the other becing at hiſ two fideſ, and the wideneſ of hiſ mouth waſ ſo great, that hee could receiue at one time with— inthe compaſſe thereof, a horſe and a man on hiſ backe both together : The ſcaleſ of hiſ coareor Skmve, becing cuery one like a large buckler or target. So that now there iſ no ſuch cauſe to wonder at the Serpent which iſ ſaid to be killed by S. George, which waſ aſ 2 igreporred {o great, that eight Oxen were but ſtrength enough to drawe him out of the Cittie Shenſ. t \ ] There iſ a Riner called Rhypdaceſ neere the Coaſtſ of Byrhinia, wherein are Snakeſ of exceeding monſtrouſ quantitie, for when thorough heate they are forced to take the wa— ter, for their ſafegard againſt the ſunne, and birdſ come flying ouer the poole , ſuddenlic UVE@— they raiſethcir headſ and vpper partſ out thereof, and ſwallow them vp. The Serpentſ of Sſſſ he Megalauna,are Gaid by Paxſaniaſ to bethirtie cubitſ long, and all their other part anſwe— Cegaſcd. table, But the greateſt in the world are found in 72dz4,for there they grow to ſuch a quiaan= 5,";,,, thiſ, that they ſwallow vp whole Bullſ, and great Staggeſ. Wherefore I doe not marucll 7+4,5,, that Poruſ the King of I9dia, ſent to Anguſtuſ Geſar veryhuge Viperſ, a Serpent of tenne Srrabo. weubitſ long, a T orteiſe of three cubitſ, and a Partridge grexter then a Vulture. For A/ex: eLhanw. ander in hiſ nauigation vpon theRed—Sea, ſaith ; thathee ſawy Serpentſ fortic cubitſ long, andallchcir other partſand memberſ of the ſame quantity . Amongthe Scyrite;the Serpentſ come by greatſwarmeſ vppon their flockſ of ſheepe and cattell, 2And ſome they care vp all, otherſ they kill and ſucke out the blood , and ſome put they carry away; Butifeuer there were any thing beyond credite, it iſ the relation of Volateranity hiſ twelfch booke of the New—fownd Landſ, wherein he writeth, that there are Aloſiuſ. Serpentſ of a myle long, which at one certaine time of the yeere come abroad out of their @i/t9/8\ holeſ and denneſ ofhabitation, and deſtroy both the Heardſ and Heard—men if they find Scalger. them.. Much more favoutable are the Serpentſ of a Spari/h Iland, who doe no harme to Cardax. # myliving thing, alhouglythey houc huge bodieſ, and great ſtrength to accompliſh their adiſiteſſ Aidbplod 755 oo) ' In the kingdomc of S&xegz; their Setpentſ are ſo great that they devourc whole beaſtſ, aſGoateſ, and ſuch like, without breaking any one of thecir boneſ. In Calechute, they are aſ great aſ chciirgreateRSwineyand nor much vnlike them, except in their head, which doth farre%xcecdea Swineſ.. And becauſetheKing ofthat Countty hath made 2 Lavy, thatuoman killa Serpent vaderpaine of death, they are aſ great in number aſ they are lnquadtitieſ fgtſo great iſ hiſ ertor, that hee deemeth it aſ lawfull to Kill a Man; aſ a Ser— the; { "bAlbkindeſ of Sorpentſ areteferred to their place of habitation , which iſ cyther the "® tarth, ot che warerſ ofthe earth ; and the ſetpentſ of the earth,are moc in number then the P. Fagim., erpentſ of the vvater, except the ſerpentſ of the Sea : And yet it iſ thought by the moſt leatned Rzbbimeſ{thatthe ſerpentſ of the Sea, are fiſheſ in the likeneſ of Dragonſ. Nowe. ,, the placeſ of Serpentſ abode beeing thuſ generally capitulated, wee muſt enter into a far— Fraepauyy thernarrationlo!their habitationſ, and regionſ of their nativue brccding._ In the firſtplace, India nowriſheth many and diverſ fortſ of Serpentſ., eſpecially in the Kingdome Oij llflor— "—G ium, 14. Of Serpentſ in _Cſ'memlſ. filimm, and Alexander thc Empecrour, found among other Beaſtſ,ſundty kindſ of ſerpentſ in a long Deſert, which iſ on the North—ſide of J»d/a. But all the Nationſ of the Worct\d 35 may give place to Ethiopia for multitude and varictie, for there they gather together on Pierinſ. heapeſ, and lyc in compaſſe like round hillſ, viſibly apparant to the cyeſ of them that be hold them a farre off. The like 1ſ ſaid of all Africa, for in Nwmidia, eucty yeere there arc. many men, women and children, deſtroyed by Serpentſ. The Iſland Pharmz, iſ alſo (by the teſtimony of the Egxptianſ)filled with ſerpentſ : T he Conſteſ of Elym.ai#ſ are annoyed by ſerpentſ ; and the Captianſ are ſo annoyed by ſerpentſ which come ſwymming in the floodſ, that men cannor ſayle that waieſ but in the Winter—time. For from the begin, Solimum, . "WS Of the Spring, or equinoGiall, they ſeeme (for their number) to approch tauening Adtimmſ, MkC toupeſ and Armicſ, There are alſo certaine Ilandſ called Ophiw/e:/@/ale, named afſ — ter Ophiſ a ſerpent, for the multitude bred therecin : And there are ſerpentſ in Canyy, zz,. ſuſ, and all hot Counttieſ ; for thiſ priuiledge hath G O D in nature given to the colder _ Countreyſ, that they are leſſe annoyed with ſerpentſ, and their ſerpentſ alſo leſle nocen; (or.[@iſfuſ. and huttfull ; and therefore the ſerpentſ of Enrope, ate fewer in number, leſſer in quantity, Pierin:. and more reſiſtable for their weakeneſ and ſtrength. There were a people in Cempania called O/ci, becauſe of the multitude of ſerpentſ bred among them : Likewiſe there are great ſtore in Lepbardy and Ferrara— And wherearwe hauc ſaide, that the moſt nocent and harmfull ſerpentſ, are bredde in the hoteſt Revionſ, where they engender more ſpeedily, and alſo grow into greater proportionſ, yet iſ itnor !9 to be vnderſtood of any ſpeciall propertie appertayning to them alone, for I read in Olgw Magnuſ, hiſ deſcription of the NortherneRegionſ, of| ſerpentſ of aſ great quantitie aſ in Olam Mag: 37 other place of the VW orld ; but yet their poyſon iſ not halfe ſo venomouſ & hurtfull, aſ in the hoterRegionſ, eſpecially the Affricaſ ſerpentſ. In Bozinſ neexe Linonta y there are great ſtore of great ſerpentſ alſo,ſo that the Heard—men are at continuall war and con. tention with them for defence of thcir flock : Likewiſe,in the Mountaineſ of Zelweria and Auergne, wherecof thereare many wonderſ reported in the world, which I will not ſtand wpon to relate in thiſ place: WW e reade allo, that ſome placeſ hauebcene diſinhabited, & diſpeopled by ſerpentſ, ſuch were the people of Seythia, called New»rſ, who before the war of Darinuſ, were conſtrained to forſake theyr ſoyle, becauſe they were annoyed, not ontly 32 with home—bred ſerpentſ, but alſo with many other which came from other partſ: andſo the Country remaineth deſolate to thiſ preſent day, the ancient Inhabitantſ becing allre— mooued to dwellamong the Beditent. The Cittic Apzycle in Iraly, (aſ M: Varro writech) waſ deſtroyed alſo by ſerpentſ. And there be certainſ placeſ of the world, which havere— ceiued their denomination fromſerpentſ, beſideſ the Ophinſ/@ neere Creete. The Hand Tewoſ, waſ called Pydrujſa and Ophiuſſa, ſo were Cremiuſeoſ, Aepolium, and E,ctp'g[,ctdct_ the Mountaineſ Maerocremai, Rhoduſ, & the long Ilandſ Ophiadeſ in the Arabian coaſt, +=*, which after it had remained a long time deſart, waſ purged and clecred from ſerpentſ by the Kingſ of Egyp#. Nicenetuſ alſo calleth Cypruſ, Ophiodia. Aud in Pauſaniaſ, we read ol aplacename Ophcoſ Kephale , the Serpentſ headſ. The like might be ſaide of Riverſ, aſ of 4o Diod: Sicul. Orenteſ, called alſo Ophiteſ and Ophiſ in Pentuſ, which devideth a ſunder C: olchiſ, and the Country Thiamica. Ebuſwſ noutiſhecth no ſerpentſy and the earth thereof hathin ita ſe— cret verrue to drivue away ſerpentſ, whecrefore it iſ much deſited of all men to carry about them, for that it hath beene often prooucd , that neuer any yenomouſ beaſk durſtaduen ture vpon any man poſſeſſed thereof, The like iſ ſaid of 7reland , aſ our owne Chronicleſ doe plentifully declare, and therefore I will ſpate to enter into any naitation thereof To.come therfore to the more particular abode of Serpentſ , eſpecially; of ſuch aſ at knowne to vſ, we muſt leaue of the talke and nominaten of Kingdomſ , and deſcendto denneſ, holeſ,caueſ,dunghilſ, ſheep—coatſ, vallcyſ, rockſ, hollow—wallſ and treeſ,woodſ, 4 greene paſtureſ, hedgeſ, and ſuch like placeſ, wherein they make their moſt abode: Anld * now and then in theſe Northerne partſ of the world (& yet ſildome)—they dive downe!l" to the bottome or rooteſ of trceſ, eſpecially ſuch aſ are greene all the Winter—time: FOF they finde in them a greater heate or warmth, then in other, whoſe leaueſ fallof anfi deſ cay in the cold weather, except in the rooteſ of Birch. And by reaſon of their multitudſ gathered together at the reote of thiſ tree, itfalleth out that their breach heateth the ſſi:}z Scaliger. a Arrianu, Suetenimſ, Pling, Of Serpentſ in Generall. and ſo preſerueth the leauieſ of it from falling off: W herefore in auncient time, theieno. rant multitude, ſecing a Birch—tree with Srtene leaueſ in the W inter,did call it our Ladzeſ Iree, or a Holy tree, attributing that grceneneſſe to miracle, not knowin g the former rea— ſon, or ſecrete of Nature: Suljrwſ reporteth of ſuch a like wood 111 a part of Affrita,where— in all the W'iinter time, the leaueſ of all the Treeſ abide greene, the cauſe iſ aſ before reſ cited, for that the Serpentſ living at the rooteſ of the treeſ in the earth, doe heare the with their breath. Neither ought any man to wonder that they ſhould ſo friendly live toge— ther, eſpecially in the winter & cold time, ſceing that by experience in England, we know _that for warmth they will creepe into bed—ſtraw,& about the leggeſ of men in their ſleepeſ — , , aſ may appeare by thiſ ſuccecding diſcourſe,of a truc hiſtory done in England;in the houſe ofa worſhipfull Gentleman, vpon a ſeruant ofhiſ, whom I could name if it were needfull, He had a ſeruaunt that grew vety lame and feeble in hiſ leggeſ, & thinking that he could neuer be warme in hiſ bed, did multiply hiſ clotheſ, and coucred himſelfe more & more, but all in vaine, till at length he waſ not able to goe about, neither could any ſkill of Phi. fitian or Surgeon find out the cauſe. It hapned on a day aſ hiſ Maiſter leaned at hiſ Parlour window, he ſaiw a great Snake to ſlide along the houſe ſide, and to creepe into the chamber of thiſ lame manp, then lying in hiſ bedde (aſ I remembet,) for hee lay in a lowe chamber, direaly againſt the Parlour window aforc—ſaid. The Gentleman defitouſ to ſee the iſſue, and what the ſnake would — to docin the chamber, followed, and looked into the chamber by the window ; where hee eſpied the ſhake to ſlide vppe into the bed.ſtraw, by fome way open in the bottome of the bedde, which waſ of old bordeſ. Straightway hiſ bart riſing therat,he called two ot three ofhiſ ſeruauntſ, and told them what he had ſeene, bidding them goerake their Rapierſ & kill the ſaid ſmake. T he ſeruing—men came firſt and remoucd the lame man (aſ I remem— ber) and then the one of them turned vp the bed, and the other two the ſtraw , their mai— ſter ſtanding without at the hole, whereinto the ſaid ſnake had entered into the chamber. The bedde waſ no ſooner turned vp, and the Rapicr thruſt into the ſtraw, but there iſſued forchfiueor ſix great ſhakeſ that were lodged therein : Then the ſeruing—men beſtirring themſelucſ, ſoonediſpatched them,& caſtthem out of dooreſ dead. Afterward, the lame — to manſ leggeſ recoucred; and became aſ ſtrong aſ euer they were : whereby did cuidentlie appeare, the coldneſ of theſe ſmakeſ or Serpentſ , which came cloſe to hiſ leggeſ eucrie night, did ſo benumme them aſ he could not goe. And thuſ for heate they pierce into the holeſ of chimneycſ, yea into the toppeſ ofhillſ and houſeſ,muchmore into the bottomeſ and rooteſ of Treeſ. W hen they perceiue that winter approcheth, they find out theit reſting placeſ, wher—= in they lyc halfe dead foure monethſ together, ynitill the Spring—ſunne againe communi— cating her heate to all Creatureſ, reuineth, and (aſ it were) raiſeth them vp from death to life. During which time ofcold and yvyvinter, aſ Sexeca writeth , Tuto tractaripeitifer a ſer— benſpoteſt , non deſunt tunc illi venena, ſed torpent : They may bee ſafely handled, without 40 feare of harme, not becauſe they want poyſon at that time , but becauſe they are drouzie, and deadly aſtoniſhed. But there iſ a queſtion , whether when they be in thiſ ſecrecic or drouzineſ, they awake not to eate, or elle their ſleepe be vnto them in ſtead of foode. 0— lanſ Magnuſ affirmeth of the Northerne ſerpentſ , that they eate not at all, but ate noutiſ thed with ſlecp. Cardaz ſaith,that they take ſome little foode, aſ appeareth by thoſe which arecarried vp and downe in boxeſ to beſeene, and are fedde with branne or cheaſill. But thiſ may be aunſwered, that ſerpentſ in boxeſ, are not ſo colde aſ thoſe in woodſ and de— ſartſ : and therefore,ſecing cold keepeth them from eating, the externall heate of the box— houſe, or humane body which beareth them about, may be a cauſe, that incloſed ſerpentſ feede in Winter aſ well aſ in Sommer, and yet the ſerpentſ which run wild in the fieldeſ, 50 cate nothing at all, during the time of their Chamſ or Ehiamſ, that iſ, thFi)ſſ lying hzc_J. ! Greninuſ that learned man proponeth thiſ queſtion, 5% ſerpenteſ calidi ſunt, qui ( fit vt in fegroſ treſ aut quatnuor menſeſ, ideit totoillo tempore que deliteſcunt abſque cibo vivunt ? YE (ſaith hey Serpentſ be hot, how commeth it to paſſc that they can liue three ot 4: zngntlxs without all foode, that iſ, all the time of their lying ſecret ? He maketh (in my opinion) a Ufficient aunſyyere to thiſ queſtion, which for me ſhall conclude the cauſe, ſaying ; DO\}: * * < C 2, d & gpict. $ſ \| | | 16 Of Serpentſ in _C]'meml/. itnot fall out with Serpentſ aſ it doth with ſome women , who beeing full of humor,and thicke phlegmaticke matter, haue but a little and weake natwrall heate, (yet proportiona.. ble to the ſaid humour) docliue a great time by reaſon thereof without foode or nouriſh— ment, And for thiſ cauſe, all the hoaſtſ of Philoſopherſ doc define, thatſerpentſ doc al. ſo abſtaine from eating a long ſeaſon. "For (Nature hath clothed them with a more olide ſkinne, and lined them with a more.thicke and ſubſtantiall fleth ,.to the intent that theyr naturall heate ſhould not caſily vaniſh away and decay in their bodieſ, but remaine there. in permanent; fox the feeding and preſeruing of life. VV hen, they Aleepe ,. they ſeeme to ſlcepe with open eyeſ, which iſ elegantly deſcribed by Phileſ in theſe. Greeke verſeſ, Opoſ katheude ka) doker palin blepin Opbiſ te kai ptox kai thumowplereſ leom Epipetatai gar he chlamyſ ton ommaton Allon tinoſ Chitonoſ apalotero4. Phrorountoſ autoiſ o dioptr aſ,taſk—or aſ. , Which may be engliſhed thuſ; } How can the Hare, the Serpent, and the Lyon beld, Both fleepe, and ſee together at one.time:? Withintheyr eye—lidſ, a [oft ſkinpe their ſight doth fold, Shielding their appleſ, aſ glaſſe doth weakened eyne. 20 The foode of Serpentſ that iſ permitted them by God, iſ the duſt of the earth,aſ may appeare by that firſt and inſtlentence, which G Q D himſelfe gaue ypon them , for ſedu. cing our firſt Parentſ Adam and Ene, Gene: .3. 14.. Becauſe then hait doone thiſ thing, thow art accurſed aboxe allthe Beaitſ of the field, for thou ſhalt goc vppon thy belly, and eate duit all the dayeſ of thy life. And againe, Elay 65.. 25 . Duit ſhall be meate to the Serpent. Andleaſt that we ſhould thinke that thiſ curſe hath not taken hold ypon the Serpent, we may finde theexpreſſe practile hceereof, Michz. 7. 17. VW here it iſ ſaid of Godſ enemieſ, that, They "ſhall licke the duit like the Serpent. Y et Ariſtotle affrmeth truly, that Serpentſ are Ommi— nori, that iſ, devourerſ of fieſh, fiſh, herbeſ, or any other thingeſ ; howbeit, heerein they 30 paſſe their kind, or elſe.the curſe of God reacheth not to any other kindſ the to thatalone which deceiued our firſt Parentſ. WW chaue ſhewed already, how they eate and devuour men, women & children, oxen, ſheepe, and goateſ, but whatſocuer they eate, they reraine nothing but the moyſtueofit, and the reſidue they eie% whole and yndigeſted. V V hatſocuer iſ offered them, that they take, cither a bird, or a ſmall chicken, or an egge, hauing it,they take hold but of oneend, aſ of the head of a chicke, or ſmall end of an egge, and (o let itdireCly before them ; then doe they gather themſelueſ together in aſ ſhort 2 compafſſe aſ may be, that (o their bodicſ which ſceme long and Gmall, becing extended, may appeare great and wide, reducedinto a ſhort and compacted frame., And ſurcly, heereby they opemand make wider their paſ 40 ſage or ſwallow , for then they ſuddenly goble in the beaſt or meate before them;, without any great adoe,; & hauing kept it in their body till it be dryed from all moiſture, they caſt itoutagaine aſ they ſwallowed it vp, at another ordinary place. But for birdſ & chickenſ, they ſtrinewith them till they haue gotten offtheir featherſ, or elſ, if they ſwallowe them whole, they eied the featherſ aſ they doe egge—ſhellſ. The Sctpentſ of the North, doec in the Sommer time eate the fleſh of birdſ, & herbeſ, and after the cating of them, they taſt of a little water, or milke if they can artaine it,or elſ vyine. For thiſ cauſe they will ſuck the vdderſ of Kine, or Goateſ,or ſheepe,aſ hath been ſeene in Epgland. Yet iſ their appetite to drinke but ſmally , aſ. iſ in all other Creatureſ whoſe linverſ are fungouſ,and ſoft like Spungeſ ; and (o are allibeaſteſ and creatureſ which 5% lay eggeſ. Abouc allkindeſ of drinke they loue vvine, and thereofthey be drunke, whef— fore in Taly they ſet pottleſ of vvine to entrappe Viperſ : for if once they ſmell the vwwind they enter the veſſell gladly and ſpeedily, and the vvine or milke whereof' they drinke, 1S poyſoned by them. But in thoſe placeſ of Affrick where it neuer raineth,they cate akinde ofblack moyſt yyorme, which hath many leggeſ, aſ iſ ſaid by Theophraftw. And tolczlg' cIWG+) Of Serpentſ in Generall. ct"f!ſi' their meate and drinke iſ ſo ſmall, that it iſ receined for truth , Ny/u» veremezum perit fame vel ſiti, that no venomouſ beaſt perriſheth by hunger or thirſt. The voyce of Serpentſ iſ called Sibiluſ, a byſſing, and theyrvoyce differeth from all o ther beaſtſ hyſſing, in the length thereof : for the hyſſing of a Tortciſe iſ ſhorter and more abrupt. Ofthiſ hyſſing voyce ſpeaketh Lucan, ſaying ; 17 QDnod ſtridenſt vlulantque fer a quod ſibHlat anguiſ, In Engliſh thuſ; $ Gnaſhing and howling iſ the voyce of wild beaſteſ, to Long byſſing in Snakeſ and Serpentſdethreſt, Among othet rhings notable in a Serpent, thiſ iſ one, becauſe it caſteth offhiſ old age eucry yeere, whereof the Grecianſ tell thiſ fabulouſ reaſon. Once Man—kinde ſtroue car— neſtly with the Godſ, by ſupplication for a perperuall youth, that they might neucr waxe old : and obtayning theit deſive, they layd the ſame to be carried vpon an Afte. The {illie beaſt waxing ſore achirſt in hiſ trauaile, at laſtcame vnto a water, and thereof endeuou— red earneſtly to drinke ; but the keeper ofthe ſame water beeing a Serpent,denied leaue to the Aſſe to drinke thereof, except he would grant him hiſ carriage , which waſ Perpernall youth: The poore Aſſeready to perriſh for thirſt, eaſily condiſcended therevnio. W her. — 10 vppon the Serpent changeth her age for youth, and men their youth for old age ; and the Afc for hiſ puniſhment, iſ more tormented with thirſt then any other beaſt. But to leaue fableſ, and to come more neere the marke, the La#/reſ call the caſting of their ſkin , Anguina ſencetuſ, , ſpol:um ſerpentiſ, & vernatio : the Gracianſ, Ophcoſ derma, ſuphar, leberiſ & geraſ : the Arabeanſ, Gelne & Genlut, & Fulcalhaileb : the Italianſ » Spo— gliadelle ſerpi : and the Spanyardſ, Pelle de la culebra . About thiſ Snakeſ ſkinne there iſ great difference among Authorſ, ſome affitming it to be the very ſkinne. Other, that it iſ nothing but a kind of hard Leproſic, growne vpon them during the Winter time vyhile ei Sanmr, they lyc hid. Some againe ſay, that they caſt it twiſe a yeere, firſt in the Spring, and then Grewinmſ. ſecondlic in the Autuimne. But by conference of all together itappeareth , that while the Olauſ.Magſ — 30 Serpentſ lye hidde, by reaſon of their drought now in the beginning of the Spring when Textorſ they come firſt abroade, they rubbe off thiſ ſkinne by ſlyding betwixt two ſtoneſ, or vn. ?%» derneath ſome roote of a tree , or elſe betwixtſome bougheſ or ſmall treeſ , beginning at the head, and ſo continuing to the tayle. And within foure and twenty hourc; , that which waſ raw and bald, beginneth to haue another ſkinne vppon it; and ſo aſ a young, child or beaſt commeth out of the Secondine doth a Serpent come out of hiſ ſkinne. Aſ concerning their eye—ſight, they naturally doe take the iuyce of Fennell , which they cate, and by that recoucr their ſeeing againe : and ifit happen'that they cannor finde ſufficient, they rubbe their dimme eyeſ there—vpon. And ifit happen that any of hiſ ſcaleſ be bruſed or fall ſenceleſſe, then doc they rubbe themſelueſ vppon the thorneſ of Iuniper. 40 And whereaſ it iſ thought that they caſt their ſkinneſ againe in Anrumne, that iſ to be_ar- tributed eyther to Viperſ alone, which caſt their ſkinſ twice a yeere,or elſe to t_hoſie wh;ch are long before they caſt, and ſo it falleth off in Harueſt or Autumne the firſt time, which by reaſon of the vnſcaſonableneſ, iſ thought to be a ſecond coate. And thiſ haue I my ſelfe often found heere in Eyg/amdin the Sommer time. The caſting of thiſ ſkinne i1ſ thuſ ele— . gantly deſcribed by ZHbu/mſ : Mercurialiſ Pling, Crudeleſ Dinſ ſerpenſ nowuſ exuit annoſ Forme non vllam fata dedere mor am & , Anguibuſ exuituy tenui cum pelie vetultaſ o Cur noſ angu & a conditione ſumuſ. Which may thuſ be engliſhed ; 0 , cruell Godſ, ſith Serpentſ change their yeerely age;» © And Fateſ delay not to refine their forme, Sith ſmakeſ with tender ſkinne excuſſ dtheyryeereſ enlarge, Whyunto worſer hap iſ Man—kind borne ® C 3 Of 18 Of Serpentſ in Generall. Of the inward diſpoſition of Serpentſ , and of their concord and diſcord with other Creatureſ, —*—> '-'\ T iſ cuer to our woe to be remembred, that which the Lord him ſi}f){ſi**ſiſſ | ſelfe hath left recorded in Geneſiſ,that, The Serpent waſ more — ſub— vieyn } | tile then all the beaſtſ which God hadmade. By whiich iſ expreſſed, the naturall diſpoſition of thiſ beaſt aboue other to ſubtiltic and policie; For I cannot approouc the ſaying of them, who thinke 15 that the deuill at the beginning,might aſ well haue vſed the tonge ' CS } of an Affe or a dogge to haue deceiued Man;aſ well aſ a ſerpentſ; C—©—_— but ſurely that old Serpent knewe very well, (better then all they which ſpeake the contrary) that he could not hauc ſo fit a ſubie& in all the VV orld, aſ the ſhape, wit, and cunning of a Serpent. And that thiſ came not into the Serpent at that time when the deuill framed hiſ tongue to ſpeake, may appeare by—the pracept of our Sae uiour Chriſt, where he ſaith ; 3e wiſe aſ Serpentſ,be innocent aſ Doneſ: For if there had not beene natwrally, ſome extraordinatie faculty of vnderſtanding in thiſ beaſt , aſ there iſ of meekeneſ in a Doue, hiſ wiſedome would nener haue ſent vſ to a ſerpent poffeſt with a deuill, but rather to ſome other ingeniouſ Beaſt , whereof there were greatſtore in the 29 W orld. And therefore I conclude, that ſubtiltie and prudence,came not to the Serpent aſ ſpeaking into Bſ/aa7ſ Aſſe, but rather by nature or creation. And yet concerning thiſ laſt ſentence of our moſt blefled Sauiour,I cannot butexpreſſe the wordſ of Zzerzmeſ, who writeth thuſ vpon it, Serwaze capita veſira quem admodumſ ſer— penſ quiinſidijſ petituſ vapulanſque ad mortem, ommimodo capat ſuum abſcondit , ſic noſ a tyſ ramniſ &y impijſ cruciati, caput ſeruate miki, fidem veſtram, & ne Deum negetiſ v/que ad ip= fam mortem : That iſ, it iſ aſ much aſ if our Sauiour Chriſt would ſay ; Euen aſ wheaſer= pent iſ ſet vpon and ſtrooken, by all the mcaneſ ſhe can ſhe hideth her head, and expoſeth all her other partſ to bloweſ, releruing that found ; ſo you, when you are perſfecuted by Tyrantſ, preſerue your head, that iſ, your fayth, and deny not your God to death. And 39 thiſ thing iſ affirmed by all VW riterſ, both diuine and humane, which hane cuer touched — thiſ poynt, that abouecall the partſ of the body the Serpent preſerneth hiſ head. For P/iny ſaith, that if hiſ body be'cut offbut two fingerſ length from hiſ head , he will goe away aſ ifhe had no harme at all, and liue longer. vadd | o A Pauluſ Faginſ writing vpon Geneſiſ, ſaith ; It iſ the opinion of fome Zebrueſ; thatthe Serpent at the beginning did goe vpright, and waſ indued with all the affectionſ of men :, but thiſ Tewiſhfable iſ tot worthy to be confuted, becauſe humane affectionſ cannot pro— ceed but fro a reaſomble ſoule, which to aſcribe to the ſerpent, were blaſphemouſ & ab— ſurd. Beſideſ, that then the foule might dic, and that God had created ſuch aſoule,other> wiſe then by breathing into the body the breath of life. ; ty bag AfÞ Serpentſ hauc many Epithetſ given vato them, aſ illiberall, perfidiouſ, trechetrouſ, ye nomouſ, poyſonfull, ſtinging, immplacable, furiouſ, ſauage, mercileſſe, dcuouref,all,d ſuch like : And indced the holy VWW riterſ» by a Serpent doe ynderſtand implacable furicſ For they are Domitiſſimum animalium genuſ, amoſtvngentle and barbarouſ kinde of all crea— tureſ, aſ may appeare by the rage of alittle Snake, one of the leaſt of Serpentſ kinde : for when he perceiveth that he iſ hurt or wounded, hee never ceaſeth caſting out hiſ poyſon, ynotill he haue done harme, or dic for madneſ. 4 Two thingſ I find to be notable in Serpentſ; the firſt iſ proper to their kind,the ſecond iſ common to them with Swine,Ratſ and Mice. Firſt, they. are aboue meaſure kinde, not onely to their young oneſ, but alſo to their eggeſ. For Fupckhimſ confidently ſweareth, 5@ that at Loorfium hee ſaw a ſerpentſ egge taken & caſt into a hor fornace,and when it be— gan to fry in the ſame, whether by naturallinftinG, or by ſmell thereof , the olde Serpent came, and would haue runnie into thefire to fetch it out , but that hee and other ſtrangetſ by,hindered her by killing her. And ſolikewiſe, ifin a Wiood.one of them be ſeton fire; all the Serpentſ that are within the ſauour thereof , or within the hearing of the hyſſifl%- wi Of Serpentſ in Generall. 19 will jſtamly_ gather vnto it, enen aſ Beaſteſ when they heare one another roare. And 6 great iſ their ſilouc one toward gnothcr,(as Pliny & Textor write) thatit waſ a vulgarſay— ing, Serpentina morſiſ non petit ſerpenteſ, one ſerpent will not bite another. And Zaxena/ writeth; Sed iam ſerpentum maier concordia Scilicet, quam hominuminter Se 'T hat iſ to lay ; — Better doe ſerpentſ with ſerpentſ accord, © Then Man with Man, who fhould be their Lord. 16 & I cannot conceale a moſt memorable hiſtorie aſ euer waſ any in the world:, of a fight betwixt the Serpentſ of the Land and the VW ater. Thiſ hiſtory iſ taken out of a Booke of Schiltbergeruſ , a Bauarian, who knevw the ſame (aſ he writeth) whilehee waſ a captiuein Turky, hiſ wordſ are theſe. . In the kingdome called Genycke, there iſ a Citty called Samp ſen, about which whule I waſ priſoner with Ba/azera King of Turkeſ, there pitched or ar— rinved an innumerable company of Land and Water—ſerpentſ, compaſſing the ſaid Cittie amile about. The Land—ſerpentſ came out of the vvoodſ of Zriemick, which are great & many, and the Wiater—ſerpentſ came out of the bordcring Sea\ Theſe were nine dayeſ togethet afſembling in that place, and for feare of them there waſ not any man that durſt 20 goce out of the Citty, although it waſ not obſerued that they hurt any man, or lining crea— —ture there—aboutſ. V Vherefore the Prince alſo commaunded, that no man ſhould trou— ble them, or doe them any harme, wiſely indging, that ſuch an accident came not but by Diuinemiracle, and that alſo to ſignific ſome notable euent. V ppon the tenth day , theſe two valiant troupeſ ioyned battell, early in the morning before the ſunne—riſing, ſo conti— nuing in fight vntill the ſunne—ſet, at which time the Prince with—ſome horſe—men , went out of the Cittic to ſee the battell, and it appeared to him and hiſ aſſociateſ, thatthe VV a= terSerpentſ gaue place to the Land Serpentſ. So the Prince and hiſ company, returned into the Citty againe, and the next day went forth againe, butfound not a Serpentaliue, for there were ſlaine aboue eyght thouſand : all which, he cauſed preſently to beecoucred go with earth in ditcheſ, and afterward declared the whole matter to Ba/azerſ by Lettetſ af ter he had gotten that Cittic, whereat the great Turkereloyced, for hee thereby interpre— techappineſ to himſelfe. } But I hauc beene too long in thiſ firſt and proper affection of Serpentſ, namely, theyr mutuall concord; and thiſ example of the Land and Water—ſerpentſ,doth not breake the common promiſed rule,becauſe it iſ to be vnderſtood of ſerpentſ that line in the ſameele— ment, (Theſecond propertic. of Serpentſ iſ to preſage peſtilence , rottenneſle of ayre, faſ mine, floodſ, and ruine of thoſe placeſ wherein they are commorant, and haue theyr abi— £/ane2, ding: ſoidoc they knowe to chuſe a good ayre, and fore—knowe fertilitic of fruiteſ ; earth— quakeſ, and greattempeſtſ. V Vhen Zelice waſ deſtroyed, fiue dayeſ before, theſerpentſ, 40 ſnakeſ, ratſ, mice and yyeſillſ, departed all out thereof, beeing wiſer then men , that miſ _ deeming no harme, although they ſawe & wondered at theſe remoouallſ, yet ſtood it out to their owne—ytter ruine, ouerthrow and deftruction, | | m Of the friendſhip. and enmitie which Serpentſ keepe with other Creatureſ. Ver ſince the deuillentered into the Serpent, it became hatcefill to all, or the moſt part of the Beaſtſ of the field, ſo that it may aſ truſ \| | ly be verified of the Serpent aſ it waſ of Eſau, that the handſ of all menand beaſteſ areagainſt them, (except very few) for they are \| | ſtrangerſ to all, and find very fewe or no friendſ. Yeit iſ repor= \||'ted, that the Serpent and the Foxe willline peaceably together in one cauc orlodging. There iſ a ſtory, not vnpleaſant , ofa Man thatfound a Serpent encloſed betwixt two ſtoneſ, and at the in— ® treatie 20 Ponzettuſ Of Serpentſ in _C]ſſenemll. rreatie of the ſerpent, he looſed him out of danger, and did himno harme. The Serpene becing releaſed and free from death, inſtead of other recompence for ſo good a turne,told the Man that hee had beene therein long time incloſed , and waſ very hungry, and there. fore waſ forced (again{thiſ will) to make the beſt of hiſ fortune, & therefore muſtneedeſ eate the Man, and bad him prepare himſelfe for death. The man aſtoniſhed at thiſ morti. on, replyed to the ſerpent, that he hoped hee would not deale ſo with him, hauing deliue. red him from death, now to put hiſ delinerer to death : and ſaid moreouer, that he would not be the Indge of hiſ owne caſe,butteferre the ſame to the next they fonnd : and the ſer— pent alſo yeelded to that indgement, beeing aſſured that no creature would quit the man, leaſt he ſhould caſt hiſ owne life into perrill. Forth then they went and met with an aſſe, to whom the man told the difference betwixt him and the ſerpent, howe kindly hee ſaued the ſerpentſ lifey and how vnkindly, he againe would take away hiſ life. And then the ſer. pent bade the AGe conſider what iudgement hce gaue, and for whom hec ſpake. The Aſſe adiudged it lawiull for the ſerpent to kill the man, Loc now, ſaidethe ſerpent, make you readie, for the matter iſ indged againſt you, and withall, began to make force at him with mouth and ſting. But the man ſaid, thathee would not take thiſ Aſfeſ decrec for reaſona— ble, and therefore prayed the ſerpent to tarry yet a little longer, and to try once more the next beaſt they met withall; and the ſerpent thinking himſelfe ſure of the bootie, yeelded there—vnto. Then forth they paſſed againe, & ſhortly after met with a Fox., to whom the man related hiſ caſe, and the benefit he had done to the ſerpent : The ſerpent againe, con— feſſed he releaſed him, but withall, denyed hiſ caſe to be aſ the man had ſaid, ſo deſperat, but oncly he eutrapped himſelfe, the better to compafſſe 2 bootic. The Foxe hauing heard them both, (deſitrouſ to end the marter for the manſ benefit) would needeſ goe withthem both, to the place where the ſerpent waſ incloſed, and ſo all partieſ. conſented. And whe the Fox came thether, he bade the Serpent goe into the ſame place againe, that ſo he might the betrer indge of the whole matter. T he ſerpent went in againe betwixt the ſtoneſ, aird waſ ſo incloſed aſ he waſ before, for he could not ſtirre nei— ther backward nor forward.' Then the Foxe aſked the man if thiſ were the ſerpentſ caſe, from which he had delivered him» The man anſwered yea, in all poyntſ. Then hee bade o 0 to 0 the ſerpentcome out againe, aſ he ſaid hee could, without the helpe ofthe man. But the 35 ſerpent called the man to helpe hith againe. Nay, ſaid the Fox, Mound you two at vari— ance, becauſe of your diſcharge from thiſ place, and ſecing nowe you are aſ you were be— fore, and the mar aſ he waſ before yout enlargement, my ſentence iſ,chat when you come forch ofthat place you are in, then ſhall you eate the man ; and if hee will let you foorth a. gaine, I will nener pittic him. By thiſ fable iſ ſhewed, that Foxeſ loue hot Serpentſ ſo well aſ they loue mcno ; and yetthey neuctloue men,but they areafraide, ſuſpitiouſ, and vvil— ling to forſake theit familiaritic. Some ſay there iſ a kind ofloue betwixt Serpentſ and Catſ, whereof I finde thiſ ſtorie in Ponzettuſ. There were cettaine Monkſ, who all of them fell ſicke vpon a ſuddaine,and the Phiſitianſ could not tell how or whence thiſ fickneſſle came, except from ſome ſeerete 40 poyſon. Atlaſt, onc ofthe ſeruantſ of the Abbey, ſaw the Cat which waſ dailie fedde at the Monkſ table, to play with a ſerpent ; and thereby it waſ conie&ured , that the ſerpent hauing in hiſ ſport, loſt or left ſome poyſon vppon the Catſ ſkinne , the Monkeſ by ſtro. king of the Cat were infe&ed there—with. And the cauſe why the Catte waſ not harmed tEcL*Fby, waſ forthat ſhcereceined the poyſon from the ſport, and not from the anger of the lerpent. S Ang thiſ thing ſurely iſ not ſo maruailouſ,ſceing that little Mice and Ratſ doe alſo play with Serpentſ, and heerein Politicianſ play the ſerpentſ, vvho hold correſpondence and peace both with the: Catte and the Mouſe : that iſ, with two ſworne and naturallenemieſ together. The like peace and league they are alſo ſaide to keepe with Ecleſ, aſ may more 56 plainely appeare by thiſ following hiſtorie, of acerraine Monke , called, Rodolphuſ a Will Monachuſ Gapellenſiſ. S& There vvaſ (aſ thiſ Monke affitmeth) one of hiſ fellowe Monkſ, which did oftentell him, that becing a little boy, and vſing to ſport himſelfe by the water fide, hee hapned to catch an Eele, which he attempted (forhiſ ownepleaſure) to carry to another water, agd Of Serpentſ in Generall. 21 by the way aſ he went, hee paficd thorough a vyood, at which time when hece waſ in the yyood, the Eele beyan to hiſſe & cry mainelie, at the hearing whetcof, there gathered to— gether very many ſerpentſ round about him, infomuch that he waſ afraid, and ſet downe hiſ baſket faſt pinned and ranne away ; afterward he came againe and ſought for hiſ baſ— ket, but he found not the Eele therein, wherefore it waſ ſuppoſed, that the Serpentſdeli— yered the ſame Eele out of the baſket, by ſome ſleight of nature ; the onely doubt iſ, whe— ther Ecleſ doc hyſſc or not, ſceing they are fiſheſ, and Opeſ pr/ceſ mati, all fiſheſ are mute or dumbe. But for anſwer to thiſ obieCtion,it iſ moſt certaine that Ecleſ haue a yoyce, aſ all they knowcſſ: Whl;h v/ſe fiſhing in the night ; for I my ſelfe, haue not onely heard ſuch a 1o voyce in the night time in Rinerſ, and other waterſ where Eeleſ abounded, but hauc had it confirmed by diverſ other,of greater practile & experience in fiſhing. The reaſon wher of, may be their manner of generation ; for tbey engender not by ſpawne aſ octher fiſheſ, but of the ſlyme of the eatth or vvater, and differ not fr6 ſerpentſ in their externall forme, excepr in their colour, and thercfore may be ſaid to partake with fiſheſ.& ſerpentſ in both their natureſ ; that iſ, hauing a voyce like a ſerpent, & a ſubſtance like a fith. Such iſ theyr confedcracic with liuing Sreatureſ, and with no . more that I euer read or heard of, But morconer, it iſ ſaid that they louc ſome plantſ or herbeſ abouc meaſure, aſ the Fe— nelland JTuy ; and for thiſ latter, both Pliny and ZTextar, doenot without greatcauſe won— der, that euer there waſ any honour aſcribed or giuen to the Iuy, ſeeing that ſt rpentſ(the 10 moſt vareconcileable cnemicſ of man—kind) delight ſo much therein. But herein the deuil blinded their reaſon, aſ hee did the modeſt women that worſhipped Priapm , or the Tar— tarſ, which at thiſ day worſhip the deuill;to the end that he ſhould do the no harme. T huſ much I can onely ſay of the friendſ and loucrſ of Serpentſ,by the multitude whereof wee may contecture, how among other partſ of the curſe of God vpon them, they are held ac— curſed both by man and beaſt. Now then it followeth, that we enter into a more particular deſcription, or rather are—. lation of that hatred which iſ betweene them and other creatureſ, and firſt I will beginne with their arch enemic, I meane Man—kind. For vvhen G O D at the beginning did pro— nounce hiſ ſentence againſt the Serpent , for decciuing our firſt. Parentſ , among other 30 thingſſ he ſaid, Zwill pux enmity betwixt thee and the Woman, betwixt thy ſeed Gy the womanſ — ſeede. VV hereby he did ſignifie that perpetuall warre, and vnappeaſeablediſcord, vyhich ſhould be for euer (by hiſ owne appoyntment) betwixt them. And the truth heereof iſ to beſcene at thiſ day , for by a kind of ſecret inſtinG, and naturall motion, a man abhorreth the ſight of a Serpent,& a ſerpent the ſight of a man. And aſ by the tongue of the ſerpent, waſ wrought manſ confuſion, ſo by the ſpettle of a manſ tongue, iſ wrought a ſerpentſ a — ſtoniſhment.. For indeed ſuch iſ the ordinance of God, thatmen & Serpentſ, fhould euer annoy and yvexe each other. And thiſ, Era/@e»ſ ſaith ſhall continue, aſ long aſ merineri— muſ illinſ inauſþicati pomi, we ſhall temember that vnfortunate Apple. Iſidoruſ ſaith, that ſerpentſ are aftaid of a man naked, but willleape vpon, and devuoure 49 a man clothed, VV hich thing iſ alſo affirmed by OlJawſ Magauſ, for he laith, that when he waſ a boy hec often tryed it, that when hee waſ naked, hee found little or no reſiſtance in ſerpentſ, and did ſafely without all danger combat with them hand to hand. J my ſelfeal— ſo in my younger time, when I waſ about tenne or twelue yeereſ old, vſed many timeſ in jſifksefiſi:?;ſiſſ the Spring and Sommer time, to waſh my ſelfe with other my colleagueſ, in ceftaine fiſh— which nowe pondſ, wherein I haue ſcene and met with dinerſ water—ſmakeſ, without all harme;and I Þ\fjſſ:ſifſſ:(i\: did neuer in my life, heare ofany harme they did to any of my felloweſ becing naked;nei— wie, Enight, ther did I euer ſee any of them runne away ſo faſt on the Land , aſ they did fly from yſ in &c. the vyater ; and yet are not the vvater—ſnakeſ leſſe hurtfull then the Land—Adderſ. And thiſ waſ well knowne to many. borir o _ About the beginning or Fountaine Sptingſ of Euphrazeſ, it iſ ſaid , that thereare cer— taine ſerpentſ which know ſtrangerſ from the people ofthe Country,wherefore they doe no hatrme to the naturall borne Countty—men, but with ſtrangerſ, & men of ochf; coun— tryeſ they fight with might and maine. And along the bankeſ of Eup_hmtes in S)'YM:YhCY alſo do the like ; ſauing that if they chaunce to be trode vpon by any of the people of thoſe partſ, they bite (like aſ a dogge doth) without any great harme; but ifany other, forrai— er vagey—— \| | %,% E lianuſ, P z'in}. Pigrinſ. Of Serpentſ in Qeneml{. nect or ſtranger annoy them, they alſo repay him with malice, for they bite him,; and intol., lerably vexe him ; wherefore the Country.men nowiſh them , and doe them no harme, Suchb aſ theſe are alſo found in T77/7zhwſ, but they are very little oneſ, and are thought to be engendered of the carth. r The firſt manifeſtation in nature, of manſ diſcord with ſerpentſ, iſ their venom ; for aſ in a ſerpent there iſ a venome which poyſoneth a man : ſo in a man, there is_chc venom of hiſ ſpittle,which poyſoneth a ſerpent. For if the faſting ſpittle of a man,fall into the iaweſ of a ſerpent, he certainly dieth thereof, And of thiſ, thuſ writeth the Poet Lycrezim, ES vtiqgne vt [erpenſ, hominiſ que taita [aliniſ. to Diſþerit ,aſ ſeſe mandendo conficit ipſa. In Engliſh thuſ ; Aſ ſerpent dyeth when ſpittle of man he taSteth, Gnaſbing hiſ teeth to eate him/clfe he waiteth, 'The cauſe of thiſ, the Philoſopherſ (which knew nothing of Ad#»ſ fall, or the forbid. den Apple) doe aflignc to be in the contrarietie,betwixt the lining ſouleſ or ſpiritſ of theſe Creatureſ : for the Serpentſlife iſ cold and dty, and the humane life hote & moyſt, wher. fore either of both abhorreth one the other ; and the ſerpent leapeth aſ farre from a manſ ſpitele, aſ it would doe out of a veſſell of ſcalding water. 20 Agatharcideſ writeth, that there waſ a King in Affrick called P/j//ae, whoſe Sepulchre waſ preſcrued in the greater Sy7zeſ. From thiſ King there were certaine people named P/illianſ, in whoſe bodieſ there waſ a certaine inbred and naturall power to kill, or at the leaſt to aſtoniſh Serpentſ, Spiderſ, Toadeſ, and ſuch like, and lay them for dead, cuen by the ſauour or ſicll of them. And the manner of theſe men , to try the chaſtitie of theyr wineſ, waſ to take their children newly borne, and to caſt them vnto direfull Serpentſ,for if they were of the right line, & lawfully begotten, then did the ſerpentſ die before them, but if they were adulterouſ, and the children of ſtrangerſ, the ſerpentſ would eate and de— uoure them. P//my afirmeth, that euen in hiſ dayeſ, there were ſome of thoſe people aliue among the My/2amonſ, who deſtroyed many of them, % did poſſeſſe their placeſ ; yet ſome running from death, eſcaped. Generally, ſuch people were called Maz// and P////, for the Marſiwere a people of aly, deſcended of Circeſ (aſ iſ ſaid) in whom there waſ a vertuc to cure all the ſtinging of ſerpentſ,by touching the wounded placeſ. Such ſaith Czazeſ Perga— menuſ, we in Helleſpont, about the River Pariuſ. And ſome are of opinion, that at the be— ginning they were Ophiogereſ, borne or bred of Serpentſ ; or that ſome great Nobleman, — father of that countty ,waſ of a ſerpent made a man. And 74770 ſaith, that in hiſ time there were ſome few men aliue, in whoſe ſpettle waſ found that vertue, to refiſt & cure the poy— fon of venomouſ beaſtſ. But hauing named Ophiogeneſ, or Anguigene, that iſ, men bred of ſerpentſ or ſnakeſ, I ſee no cauſe why it ſhould be indged, that thoſe which cure ſerpentſ poyſon , ſhouldbe ſo 40 miſtudged; for to cure poyſon,iſ not the worke of poyſon,but of an Antidote,or contrary power to poy{on : and therefore curerſ & reſiſterſ of poyſon, are without all learning cal— led Ophiogeneſ, that iſ, ſerpentſ broode : but rather, that rerme belongeth more iuſtlie to thoſe people, whoſe nature iſ ſociable with ſerpentſ,and ſerpentſ agree with them,aſ they would doe with their own kind. Such an one waſ Exagon the Embaſſadour at Rowe, who at the commandement of the Confſulſ, (for their experience) waſ caſt naked into a veſſell or tunne of ſnakeſ, who did bim no harme, but licked him with their tongueſ,and ſo with great miracle, he waſ let foorth againe vntouched : and yet there iſ no more teaſon to ſay, that thiſ man waſ borne of the linage of ſerpentſ,becauſe thoſe Men—enemieſ did not hurt him, then it waſ to ſay,,that Da@/e// waſ borne of Lyonſ, becauſe that the Lyonſ did not 50 harme him. Or that Rowpw/wſ and Rewnſ were borne of the kindred of W olfeſ,becauſe 2 ſhee W olfe did nouriſh the., V Ve do read of many people in the world, which were fiur— named of Scetpentſ, all which may aſ well be deemed to be diſcended of ſuch creatureſ,be— cauſe of theit name, aſ well aſ the other, who were by G O D, for their innocencie preſer— ned from death. + Ebuſuſ Of Serpentſ in Generall. 23 Ebuſuſ waſ called Colubraxia, and the people thereof Ophiaſſe, and in Arabia we reade of the Ophiadeſ, both which are detived from Serpentſ, called in Greeke Ophciſ. Euſtathinſ alſo relateth a ſtory of a man called Oph#, I omit to ſpeake of the Ophit2 and otherſ ; yer thuſ much I muſt needſ ſay, that commonly ſuch nameſ haue been given to Serpentſ,for ſome cauſe or accident, either fainedly or truly deriued from Serpentſ. S$o wee read of 0— phien, a companion of Cadmuſ, and a builder of Thebeſ, who waſ ſaid to be made by Pal— . ,. taſ laſ of a Dragonſ tooth. Likewiſe the Sparzameſ were called Ophiodeiroiby Pythinſ becauſe Calim Rheſ in a famine they were conſrained to cate Serpentſ. S. Auguitinemakethmention of certaifie blaſphemouſ H@eretickſy who were called 0. 10 phite, becauſe they worſhipped a Serpent, & ſaid that the ſerpent which deceiued our firſt Parentſ Adam» and Exahb, waſ Chriſt. W herefore they kept a Serpent in a Caue, whom they did nouriſh and worſhippe, which at the charme of the Prieſt would come out of hiſ Caue, and licke the oblationſ which they ſet vppon hiſ denne ; rowling and folding him— ſelfe round about them, and then would goce in againe : then did theſe abhominable Hze— retickſ breake theſe oblationſ into the Euchariſt, and receiue them aſ ſanGified by the ſer— peot, And ſuch alſo iſ the ſtoric of Celiſ Rhod: where hee termeth the greardeuill oph/o— #enſ, whom both holy Scripture, and auncient Heathen ſay, that hee fell out of Heauen, But all theſe thingſ are but by the way, vpon occaſion of thatr vnnaturall concecit of thoſe men called Ophjogeneſ : that iſ, deſcended or begorten by Scrpentſ. Therefore I willre— 20 turne where I left, namely, to the hatred of Men to Serpentſ, and of Serpentſ to Men a— gaine : In teſtimonic whereof, there hauc beencmuuall ſlaughterſ , namely men, which hauc killed monſtrouſ ſerpentſ, and ſerpentſ whichhaue killed men againe. Herculeſ becing but an Infant,(aſ Poctſ faine) killed thoſe two ſerpentſ which Iypo ſent to hiſ cradle to deſtroy him ; for Jwn iſ ſaide tobe much offended at hiſ birch, becauſe hee __. Ee Sieggtſ waſ begotten by Jypiter vppon Alcmenſ : and therefore there waſ reſerued the Image of SHOR EoW Herculeſ at Athenſ,ſtran gling aſerpent.But Pieyinſ maketh ofthiſ ficion a good morall or Hieroglyphick, when he ſaith, thatby Herculeſ ſtrangling of the ſerpentſ in hiſ cradle, iſ vn= derſtood, how thoſe men which are borne for any great enterpriſeſ, ſhould kill their plea— ſuteſ while they be young. I needenot to ſtand long ypon thiſ poynt,for it iſ euident,that go 1O thiſ day there are many Zyadeſ, both men and women, which are not aftaid to kill the Serpentſ broode. But ſuch aſ haue perriſhed by ſerpentſ, I meane men of any note, ate alſo expreſſed, whercof Owid writeth of Aclaceſ the ſonne of Prigmuſ and Alixethoeſ, who following the Nymph Ze/Þeriſ, (with whom heewaſ in louc) waſ ſuddainly killed by a ſmakebiting hiſ foore. So were Ap#/antuſ, Munituſ, Eurydice, Laeceom,Ophelteſ the ſonne of Lycurguſ King of Nemea, Orefteſ, Idmen and Mepſuſ, were ſlaine by ſerpentſ : vvherof Ophelteſ, by the negligence of hiſ Nurſe Hpſiphileſ,leauing him vngarded in hiſ cradie. It iſ recorded by Ae/Zianwſ and P/iny, that when a ſerpent hath killed a many he can ne— uermore coucr himſelfe in the carth, but in puniſhment of ſo vile an offence, wandercth to and fro ſuble& to infinite miſerieſ and calamitieſ,bceing not acknowledged by hiſ female g0 if he be a male, nor yet by the male if it be a female ; and iſ forſaken of all hiſ crew or ſoci— ctie. The earth it ſelfe, not dayning to entertaine a man—murtherer into her bowelſ , but conſtraining him to liue W inter and Sommer abroad vppon the open carnth. And thuſ hath the Diuine prouidence diſpenſed hiſ inſtice, that hee ſuffereth not murther of men to be vapuniſhed among the greateſt haterſ and enemicſ of men. — W hat monſterſ therefore are they which haue ſerpentſ in their—delightſ , and admire that in them vyhich ſhould be hated of all men. And how baſe were thoſe minded Gracſ— AElianta. 145, which worſhipped the Serpent for a God > Or the Azhewia®ſ, which kept a Serpentin Efered their Temple , for an opinion that the ſame did conſerue their Tower or Caſtle from all ſiAZZ: ;ct'? 4 enmity. Jypiter waſ alſo worſhipped in many placeſ in the ſhape of a Serpent. And the I4 30 auncient Byruſſiaepſ, worſhipped a naturall Serpent of the earth. It iſ ſtrange to conſider the ertour of the King of Calechut, who doth aſ ſeuerely puniſh the ſlaughter of a Serpent, aſ hee doth the ſlaughter of a Man; and not onely reſtraineth hiſ ſubiecſ fron_] harming them, but alſo buildeth for them little coateſ, whetein they ſafely lodge in the winter time, And the cauſe of thiſ exrour, iſ their conceit, that they thinke ſerpentſ are Divine powerſ dropped out of Heauen, which they prouc, becauſe when they ſting fiercely, they qulzfil}f 2 Gellim. Pampridinſ Picrimſ. Snakeſ iavyeſ. 3;; 5dtx Exilienſ Infanſ/ſinuoſie fancibuſ anguiſ, Of Serpentſ in Qenemll. killLand diſparch their encmie ſuddainly. W herfore they thinke that no creature can kill ſoſpeedily, excepr an Angell of God. Some of the Heathen,had their OpÞiocephale beaſtſ with Serpentſ headſ, which they did worſhip for a God. And the Poct y&g# hathanex—= cellent deſcription of Aeneaſ, hiſ ſactificing to the ghoſt ofhiſ Father Apchiſeſ. adytiſ turmn Iubricuſ anguiſ ab—imiſ Septem ingenſ gyroſ ſeptena voluminatr axit Amplexuſ placide tumulum lapſuſque per ar aſ Cerulea cuiterganota, maculoſuſ Cr aure Squammam incendebat fulgor : cen nubibuſ arcuſ 18 Mille trahit warioſ aduerſo ſole coloreſ Obſtupmt viſw Aimcaſ, ille agmine longo Tandeminter pater aſ, & lenia pocula ſerpenſ Libawitque dapeſ, rurſuſque innoxiuſ imo Succeſſittumalo, & depaſta altaria liquit. Which may bethuſ engliſhed ; — ſ Then from the hollow holeſ, a Iyding ſmake appeared, Which ſeanen waieſ did wind and turne, and dead—manſ tombe embyrare, Glyding along the Altar from, and backe, with colour cleered, By {anne—ſhine—dight, like ſpotſof gold each variedto the face A thouſandhieweſ, whereat Aencaſ marnayjled : but yet at laſt, Thiſ ſwake the holy diſbeſ, and ſmeootbeſt cupſ of choyce Did haſt to touch, like aſit would the ſacredſ tait, And [o ſunck downefrom Altar cleane, without bothharme or noyſe. 20 And to make an end ofthiſ Section, of the Arzipathybetwixt Men and Serpentſ, thar whoſocuer iſ of the VW oniaiſ ſcede, may profeſſe himſelfe an enemy to the Serpent, let him but conſider how that hatefullmonſter Ar//ogabalnſ, hauing by the helpe ofthe Mar— ſicke—Prieſteſ gathered together many ſerpentſ, one day in the morning, vvhen the people were gathered together to— ſee ſome rare & vnheard of ſpectacle, ſuddenly he let looſethe 30 ſexpentſ, and hurt many of the people. Tregueſ telleth another ſtory, of a deviſe of vwar— like ſtratagem, how ſerpentſ by ſlingſ or trunkſ, were ſent abrode among the Campeſ of theirencmieſ..: So doth Galew, of ſerpentſ included in an earthen pot, and caſtlike darteſ among the Tentſ oftheRomaneſ: Andſodid Avaibal/ſhevy to Antiochuſ, how in abat— tellby ſca, he might ſhoote ſerpentſ among the Marrinerſ to hiſ encmieſ,and hinder their rowing : for when he did follow the ſame devuiſe at Prwſze, he went away Vidtor & Con— querour, And thuſ I will conciude thiſ part , with the Emblem of Alciatyſ , which hee wrote vnto the Duke of Mi/am, vppon hiſ Armeſ , becing an Infant proceedirig out of a ES gentilitiiſ nobile ſtemma tuiſ. Talin Pelleunſ geſſiſſe numiſmata@ regem. Vidimwſ, hiſgque ſuum contelebraſſe genuſ PDum ſe Ammone {itum, matrenſ anguiſ imigine luſanſ. v>. >> » Dirtinicr ſobolem numiniſ eſſedocet. Oreccxit, tradunt ſic quoſdam enitier angneſ, 7 vAn quia ſic Pollaſ de'capite orta Nouiſ. 43 In Engliſh thuſ; i R P Out of the mouth of winding ſmake, —+ 50 Great Duke, thiſ iſ thy Creit, iert A leaping Infant making [cape Fromiaweſ, a wefull ye# : Thelike Coate did Pellcuſ King Vpon hiſ filuer preſſe, 4 # Of Serpentſ in C]ſſ'eneml/. 25 Aſ we hane ſcene, the fame to ſin of . I(Z'ndr{df wort/':]z':zeffl}. F For whileſ of Iou he glorieth, Deſcended of hiſ race, He faineſ hiſ Mother like a ſake, Borne of Dinineſt grace. But why proceeding from the mouth? Some Serpentſ (0 are bred, Or elſ, that PallaSifſueth Ont of great Louc hiſ head: And the like by the ſame Author iſ expreſſed vpon thiſ theame, That the wi/don of man, iſfroliſpneſwith G 0 D ; therefore vppon the vnnaturall comiunction of two mortall ene. — micſ, framed into one bodic, he thuſ writethelegantly : Quid dicam quodnam hoc compellem nomine Monſtrum? Biforme quod non et homo,nec eſt draco. Sedſine vir pedibuſ, ſummiſ ſine partibuſ anguiſ © Vir angui—peſ dici, & homivepſ anguiſ poteit : Anguem pedit home, hominem rult auit & anguiſ INec finiſ hominiſ eSt initium, nec eit fera . Sic olim Cecropſ doittiſ regnanit Atheniſ. Sic & Giganteſ terra Mater protulit Heaxc vafrum ſpecieſ, ſed G religione carentem Terrenatantum quignue curet, induat, 'T hat iſ to ſay ; What ſhall I call ? or how thiſ Monſter rightly name ?© Biformed, which nor man nor dragon, in all the ſame. But man vnlegged,and ſnake 'vnfeaded < donbtfulpartſ; jo Man—ſmake, {nake—man, exceeding humane artſ. ſſ dMinſ tajle breedeſ ſnake , & ſnake a man vp—cafteth, On end iſ not of man, nor other of wild beaſt taSteth, | . Such one waſ Cectopſ,learned Athenſ King; E, And Gyantſ ſach did earthly mother bring. } Miſhbapen then, an earthly mind expreſſeth, Denoyde of grace, for worldſ', Wcſſiſſ S}?\f\'- kwormeſ in Creere, yethe ſaith they are without venome : and there are very fewe in ][Eſſ:}g} ABA 31 n Pliny. E mſmnj Aliannſ. Thraſillmſ Pliny. eXliannd | | '% ad Of Serpentſ in Generall. land & Scotland, but none at all in 7reland, neither will they lineif they be brought in the. ther from any other Country. Thiſ antipathy with Serpentſ, proceedeth from living to Sſſc_qd and vegetable thingſ, aſ treeſ, herbeſ, and plantſ, aſ may be ſeene by thiſ diſcourſe ollowing. | There iſ ſuch vertue in the Aſhc—tree, that no Serpent willendure to come neere either the morning or euening ſhadowy of it, yea though very farre diſtant from them;they do ſo deadlic hate it. W e ſet downe nothing but that wee haue found truce by experience : Ifa great fire be made,and the ſame fire encircled round with Aſhen—bougheſ,& a ſerpent put betwixt the fire and the Aſhen—bougheſ, the ſerpent will ſooner runne into the fire, then come neere the Aſhen—bougheſ : T huſ ſaith Pliny. Olawſ Magauſ ſaith , that thoſe Not. 15 thren Counttieſ which hane great ſtore of Aſh—trecſ,doe want venomouſ beaſtſ,of which opinion iſ allo Plipy. Callizeachwſ ſaith, there iſ a T ree growing in the Land of Trachinia, called Sp#lo, to which if any Serpentſ doe either come neere, or touch , they foorth—with die. Democrituſ iſ of opinion, that any Serpent will die if you caſt Oken—leaueſ yponhim, Alianiſ, Pliny iſ of opinion, that Alcibiadum, which iſ a kind of wild Bugloſſe, iſ qf the ſame vſe & Conſtantinu qualitic ; and further, beeing chewed, if it be ſpet vpon any ſerpent, that it cannot poſſibly livie. In time of thoſe folemne Feaſteſ which the Arhexianſ dedicated to the Goddeſſe Ce— 7eſ, their women did vſe to lay and ſtrevw their beddeſ, with the leaucſ of the Plant callcd — Agnoſ, becauſe ſetpentſ could not endure it,and becauſe they imagined it kept them:chaſt, eEliannſ Where—vpon they thought the name waſ given it, The herbe called Roſematie,iſterrible 20 to ſerpentſ. The Egyprianſ doe givue it out, that Polydayna, the wife of Thoerriſ their King , taking pittic vpon Zele», cauſed her to beſet on ſhore in the Iland of Phaymſ, and beſtowed vpon her an herbe (whereofthere waſ plenty) that waſ a great enemy to ſerpentſ : whereofthe ſerpentſ hauing a ſeeling ſence (aſ they ſay) and ſo readily knowne of them,thcy ſtraight— waieſ got them to their lurking holeſ in the earth : and Ze/ew planted thiſ herbe, who co. ming to the knowledge thereof, ſhe perceinued that in hiſ due time it bore a ſeede that waſ Elecompane a great enemic to ſerpentſ, and there—vpon waſ called Zelenium, aſ they that are Skilfull in #*"@Þ— . Plantſ affirme ; and it groweth plentifully in Pharmſ,which iſ alittle e againſt the mouth of Mjlzſ, loyned to Alexanpdria with a bridge. Rue, (called of fſome Herbe of grace) eſpe— 30 cially that which groweth in zyÞ#, iſ but a backe friend to ſerpentſ, for it iſ moſt dry, and therefore cauſing ſerpent ſoone to faint and looſe their courage, becauſe (aſ Sizmocateſ af. firmeth) it induceth a kind of heauineſ or drunkenneſſe in theirhead, with a yertiginie or giddineſ through the exceſſe of hiſ drinefſe, or immoderate ſticcitie, Serpentſ cannoten— duze the ſaiuour of Rue, and therefore a Weeſill, when ſhe iſ to fight with any ſerpent, car teth Rue, aſ a defenſative againſt her enemie,aſ Ariſtotle; & Pliny hiſ Interpreter,are of o— PI nionN. The Countty people leauing theirveſſelſ of milke abroade in the open fieldeſ; doebe— ſmeare the round about with garlick for feaſt leaſt ſome venomouſſerpentſ ſhould creepe into them, but the ſmell of garlick, aſ Zza/»»ſ ſaith, driueth them away. Noſerpentſ were 40 { euer yetſeene to touch the herbe Tzifalie, or Threc—leaued—graſſe,aſ Aedonunſ wold make vſ belieue. And Cardap the Phiſitian hath obſcrued aſ much, that ſerpentſ, not any thing — that iſ venomotſ, will neither lodge,dwell or lurk privily neere vnto Trifelie,becauſe that it iſ thcirbane, aſ they are to other lining creatureſ : and therfore it iſ ſowne to very gOOd purpoſe, & planted in very hot colitrieſ, where there iſ moſt ſtore ofſuch venomouſ crea— tureſ. Arpoldyſ Villanowanuſ Gaith, that the herb called Dracortea killeth ſerpentſ. And F/o— rentinuſ athirmeth,that if you plant woormwood, Mugwort,or Sothernwood about your dwelling,that no venomouſ ſerpentſ will euer come neer,or date enterpriſe to inyade the fame, No ſerpent iſ found in V ineſ when they flouriſh, bearing flowerſ or bloſſomſ, for they abhor the ſmellſaſ Ar//forle ſaith, Anicen an Arabiap Phiſitian,ſaith,that Caperſ doe 39 kill wormeſ in the gutſ, & likewiſe ſerpentſ. Ifyou make a round circle with herbe Beto» nie, & therein include any ſerpentſ,they will kill themſelueſ in the place rather then ſtrive to get away. Galbamwme killeth ſerpentſ only by touching, if oyle & the herbe called Fenell giant be mixt withall. There iſ a ſhrubbe called Thez/owarca; hauing a lower like a Roſe» ghich maketh ſerpentſ heauy,dull and drouſie,and ſo killeth them,aſ Pliny afflrmct};- ' ** ** * Albertin Of Serpentſ in Generall. Albertuſ and Kyranideſ affirmect that there iſ a certaine Tree in Afia called Hyperdiaciſ, which ſoundeth aſ much aſ, Again# the right hand,with whoſe ſweet fruite Doucſ are de— lighted 5 but there are ſerpentſ which are ſore ene 7 2 mieſ to the Douceſ : ſo lying in waite for them, and.not beeing able to abide the ſmell and ſhadow of the Tike; thcſii)o?lcs notwith— ſtanding very ſafely doe there in the Tree ſeeke their refuge , and finde foode where—with to ſuſtaine chemſelueſ. Ra//ſ (who practiſed phiſick one hundreth yereſ) affirmeth;chat if any man doe melt Sal Alprontack in hiſ mouth,and then ſpetitinto a ſerpentſ momſih that he will die of it. , 33 10 52» Of the Medicineſ made and taken out of SERPENT S, 51 T iſ manifeſt, thſiF if any man be wounded of a Serpent, though Remedieſ to the wound ſeeme incurable , that the bowelſ or inward partſ of be had and ta— the ſame ſerpent, being applied to the wound, will cure the Sam |itn fom—lere and thoſe that hane eaten the liner of a boyled Viperarany time, 24 ſhallneuct after be wounded of any ſerpent. Neither iſ a ſmake J| venomouſ, vnleſſe at fome—timeſ of the Moone , when ſhec iſ \CJ{ || throughly mooued or angred. And a live ſhake or ſerpent being =—==_———> caught, if the bitten place be bathed , ſoked or waſhed with the ſnake being bruſed in any water , it iſ of notable effet. Beſideſ, they are thought to be ve. rie ſoucraigne againſt many infirmitieſ, and therefore (aſ Pliny ſaith) they are dedicatcd to Acſculapiuſ. Auicen laith,that if any betroubled with the Leproſie, he iſ to be cured by taking a black ſerpent, and becing excoriated, he muſtbe buried ſo long till there breede wormeſ of him, and then he iſ to be taken forch ofthe earth and dryed , and ſo to be given to the leprouſ perſon for three dayeſ together,the quantitic of one dramme at cucty time, with ſyruppe of honic.: Pliny, and with him agreeth Cormeliuſ Celſuſ, affirmeth, that if any one do eate 3o the middle part of ſmakeſ or ſerpentſ,caſting away the headſ & rayleſ, they cure SHyumeſ, which we in Engliſh callthe Kingſ—Euill. There iſ a diſcaſe called Elephantia, or Eleyhan— tiaſfſ, which iſ a kind of Lepty proceeding of Melancholie,choler and flegine, excceding.— ly aduſt, and maketh the ſkinne rough, of colout like an Elephant , with blacke wanniſh ſpotſ,and dry parched ſcaleſ and ſcurffe : Thiſ diſeaſe (I ſay) ſo greeuouſ,and Strmmeſ,are exceedingly holpen by eating often of Viperſ and ſerpentſ , aſ Joh» Taganet, in hiſ firſt Booke Jyſitut. Chirerg. hath aſſured vſ. Pliny ſaith, that if you take out the right eye of a ſerpent, and ſo bind it about any part of you, that it iſ of great force againſt the warering or dropping of the eyeſ,by meaneſ of a rchume iſſuing out therecat, if the ſerpent be againe Iet goe aliue. And (o hee ſaith, that a 4 ſerpentſ or ſaakeſ hart, if either it be bitten or tyed to any part of you , that it iſ a preſent remedie for the tooth—ach : and hee addeth further, that if any man doe taſt of the ſmakeſ hart, that he ſhall neucr after be hurt of any ſerpent. Pauluſ Venetuſ, in hiſ ſecond booke, chap. 40, writeth, howe that in the Prouinee of Earaiam, there be ſerpentſ of extecding greatneſ, which becing killed, the inhabitantſ of the Country doce pull out their gall, which they vſe to prize at a verie high tate whep they ſell any ofit, for it iſ very medicinall : ſo that they which are byt of a madde dogge, ifthey take inwardlie in any drinke but the quantitie of a penny weight of thiſ gall , they are pre— ſfently cured. And if a woman be in her trauaile of child—birth, if ſhce taſt neuer ſo Little of thiſ gall, the birth will be the more ſpeedic. So,1if any be troubled cither with the Pyleſ or jo Heemetrhoideſ in the fundament, if that the place be annoynted with thiſ gall,after a few dayeſ, he iſ ſet free from hiſ diſcaſe. Zppocrazteſ giueth the ſeede of ſerpentſ aſ a remedic againſt the ſuffocation of the belly. e & Wicholauſ Myrepſuſ preſcribeth thiſ medicine againſt ſtraineſ & hardnefeſ! Take a dead EYPCUI, & puthim into anew pot, luting it very well with G)ſieſu{;z, thenſer I\[ in a ſqzctlzacc_ that it may be burnt, :}ſccr that,commixe the aſheſ of a ſerpent with an equiall portion ]?E the WZ Of Serpentſ in Generall. the ſeedeſ of Eerinegreke, ſo being wrought vp with Attick—hony, & throughly diſgeſted, annoynt the place affeected. And with him agreeth P/ipy, who expreſly affirmeth, that the aſheſ of ſnakeſ and ſerpentſ; becing annoynted vpon St#remeſ, eyther with oyleor waxe, iſ a ingulet medicine. And likewiſe to drinke the aſheſ of a ſerpent, that iſ burnitto pow— derin new carthen potte, iſ very good : butit will be the more effeCtuall,if the ſerpentſ be killed betweeng two trackſ ot forroweſ that are made with Cart—whecleſ. The aſheſ of a ſexpent burat withſaltin a pot, becing put withoyle ofRoſeſ into the contrary care,help. eth the tooth—ach. . An vaguent againſt the Morphue, preſcribed by Olawſ Mugam@. Take of the aſheſ of a ſerpent burnt in a newepot and well coucred, two ounceſ, Lyzarge, Galbanum, Ammoni— acum, and Opponax diſſolued in Vineger, three ounceſ , boyle them vynitill the Vineger be conſumed, then ſtraine them, putting to them of Turpentine three ounceſ, Frankinſence, Maſticke and Sarcocolla three ounceſ , Saffton two ounceſ, working them with a Spa— thulor till they be cold. The powder of a burnt ſerpent., iſ likewiſe good againſt Fiſtulocſ, The fat of a ſuake or ſerpent mixt with oyle, iſ good againſt S#rmmeſ , aſ Pliny ſaith, T he fat of ſnakeſ mixt with Verdegreaſe, healeth the partſ about the eyeſ that hauc any rup— *ture. To which agreeth the Poct, when heſaith: Anguibuſ eveptoſ adipeſ erugine miſce,; 1 ' Hipoterant ruptoſ oculorum inngere parteſ. 6 — W hich may be thuſ engliſhed ; The fat if ſnakeſ mintled with yron—ruit , The partſ of eyeſ doth mend, whicth er it were buyſt. Itiſ certaine that barrenneſſe commeth by meaneſ of that gricuouſ torment and paine inchild—birth ; and yet Olpppiaſ of Thebeſ iſ ofopinion, that thiſ iſ remedied witha Bullſ gall, the fatof ſerpentſ, and Verdegteaſe, with ſome honie added to them , the placebece ingtbere—with annointed before the comming together of both partſ. W hen a Woman iſ norable to conceine by meaneſ of weakeneſſe in the retentiue vertue , then there iſ no doubt, but there thuſt needeſ growe ſome membrane in the bellieſ entrance , for whichit 36 iſ not amiſſe to make a Peſſaric of the fat of a ſetpent, verdegreaſe, & the fat of a Bulimixt together, &c. and to be applied. Hippocrateſ in lib. de Sterilibuſ. Geſner had a friend who ſignified to him by hiſ Letterſ , that the fat of a Serpent vvaſ ſent to him from thoſe ſulphuteouſ Batheſ which were neere vnto Carperiacum, and waſ ſold at a very deere rate, namely, twelue poundeſ for euery ounce, and ſometimeſ decerer. They vſe to mixe it with the emplaiſter of Zohp de Vigo, that famouſ Chirurgeon) for all harducfeſ, nodeſ, and other privie & vnſcene (though not vnfelt) tormentſ proceeding of the Spaniſh—poxe. They vſe it yet further, againſt leprouſ ſwellingſ, and pimpleſ, and to ſmooth and thinne the ſkinne». Matzhiolwſ ſaith, that the fat of a black Serpent, iſ mixt to good purpoſe with thoſe oyntmentſ that are prepared againſt the French or Spaniſh— 40 pox. And P/igy mixeth their fat with other conuenient medicineſ, to cauſe haire to grow againe. The ſuffumiyation of an old ſerpent, helpeth the monthlie courſe. Michae/l Alvi— fiuſ ſaith, that oyle of Serpentſ decoGted with the flowerſ of Cowſlepſ,(cuer remembring to gather and take that which ſwimmeth at the toppe ) iſ ſinguler to annoynt Podagnctu perſonſ there—with. Orvy followeth the preparing of Serpentſ. Take a Mountaine—Serpent, that hath ablackebacke, and a vyhite bellie, & cut off hiſ taile, euen hard to the place where he ſendeth forch himexcrementſ, and take away hiſ head with the breadth of foure fingerſ, then take the reſidue & ſquiſe out the blood into ſome veſſell,keeping it in a glaſſc 58 careſully, then fley him aſ you doe an Ecle; beginning from the vpper & grofſer part, a{]fi bang the ſkinne ypon a ſtick and dry it, then deuide it in the middle , and reſcrue all dili. gently. Youmuſt waſh the fleſh and put it in a pot, boyling it in two partſ of W inc, and beeing well and throughly boyled; you muſt ſeaſon the broth with good ſpiceſ, and Aro— maticall or cordiall powderſ, and ſo eate it. But if you haue a minc\l* toroſtit, itmuſt Ee ;) Folted» © &» & & > S Of Serpentſ in Generall. roſted, aſ itmay not be butnt, and yet that it may be brought into powder, and the pow. der thereof muſt þ: eaten together with other meat, becauſe of the loathing,and dreadfull name, and conceit of a ſerpent : for becing thuſ burned, it p a reſexucth a man from all feare of any future Lepry, and expelleth that which iſ preſent. It keepeth youth,cauſing a good colour aboue all ocher Medicineſ in the vyorld ; it cleereth the eye—ſight ; gardethſuzclic from gray haireſ, and keepeth from the Ealling—ſickneſ. It purgeth the head from all in haue little Riverfiſhceſ » finely beaten ot ſtam— ped, ifthcy be caſt vpon any meate, ryÞ: o G159643 t Item, the Serpent thatiſ dpeckled, and of diuverſ and ſundry colourſ,of ctct-_l) oEhgcts Hzctlſſrh theleaſtpoyſon;,and inthec German tonguicit iſ called Apf, (peraduentiureit & U_]Rſſſſi\wct-_l_\ſ_h we calla ſiake) if; (I ſay)you take thiſ ſerpent, and boyleit with W heate, andgtuſeſirhe : ame o a 36 Of Serpentſ inGenerall. ſame W heate to a Henne to feede vpon, becing mingled amongſt her meate and drinke with the venim of a Serpent, a Hawke beeing fedde with the fleſh of ſuch a Henne, forth— with caſteth herſicke featherſ, and iſ freed from any other diſcaſe, if ſhe hauc any at all aſ Albertuſ ſaith. ©The old ſkinne of an Adder or Snake, that he caſtſ off in the Spring—time, if itbe rub. bed vpon the eyeſ, cleereth the ſight, aſ P/izyſaith. And Galeſ biddeth vſ, if any be trou— bled with blood—ſhotten eyeſ, to take the old caſt—ſ3kinne of ſerpentſ, & being beaten with Sea—water, to annoynt them there—withall. And Cardan ſaith,that the caſt—ckin of a ſnake, if the eyeſ be rubbed there—with euery morning,that they will never be very dim of ſight, nor yer evuer haue any pinne or webbe in them. Amongſt compoſitiong that are made for 10 theeyeſ, they vſe to mixe the caſt.ſkinne of ſtakeſ , aſ Diveleſ affirmeth ; adding further, thatthe old age, or caſt—ſkinne of a ſnake beeing boyled in vvine , iſ an excellent helpe for paine in the cateſ, ifa little thereof be dropped into them. Boyle the caſt Skinne of a ſhake with toppeſ of Poppy, and droppe a little thereofinto the eareſ , if any be troubled vvith paine thereof, and thiſ iſ an excellent remedy , aſ Ga/e» in hiſ third Booke , De Compoſit. medicam . ſec. loca,hath taught vſ,hauing himſelfe learned the ſame from Archigeneſ. The caſteſkinne of ſerpentſ being burned in a pot, or on a hot burning tyle—ſhard,if it be ming. led with oyle of Roſeſ, and ſo dropt into the eareſ, iſ prooued to be very effeSuall againſt allſoreſ, and ſickneſſeſ of the careſ ; but eſpecially againſt the ſtinking fauour of them : or if they be puralent or full of matter , then to be mixt with vineger. Some vſeto mingle Bullſ gall there—with, and the inyce of the fleſh of Torteiſeſ becing boyled. Marcelluſ ſaith, that if you take the gall of a Calfe, with a like quantitie of Vineger, and mixe them with the caſt—ſkinne of a ſerpent, ifchen you dippe 2 little vvooll into thiſ me. dicine, and put it into the care, that it helpeth very much, eſpecially if with a ſpunge being ſoked in warme—water, you firſt foment the eare. Dioſ/corideſ and Galep doe affirme, thar the caſt—ſkinne of a ſerpent, if it be boyled in Wine, doth cure the tooth—ach, if the pained place be waſhed—there—with. But yet, in intollerable paineſ ofthe tecth , thiſ iſ prooued more ſinguler. Take the caſt.ſkinne of a Serpent and burneit,then temper it with oylextill it come to the thickneſ or confſiſtence of hard Hony, and coucr the tooth (being firſt ſcou— red and clenſed there—with, annoynting allthe neere placeſ to the ſame, and put ſome of it 30 | into the hollowneſ of the tooth. And aſ Archigeneſ ſaith, ifyou'lay the caſt—ſkinne of a ſnake vnoto the tecth, not beeing burnt, they will all fall out. It cureth likewiſe the lowſie cuill, called Phrbzyza/@ſ. And Galen preſcribeth thiſ caſt—5kin of ſnakeſ or ſerpentſ,for ate» medieagainſtthe Cholick, if it be put into a brade pot with ſome oyle , afill ſo burnt to powder, if then it be diſſolued in oyle, and the place there—with annoynted, it iſ of great vertue. And if it bee boyled in a Tinne veſſell with ſome oyle of Roſeſ, it remedicth the the Bloody—flixe, and ſuch aſ be troubled with Temeſ@@ſ, which iſ, a great deſire in going to ſtoole, and yer can doc nothing. Arnolduſ de villa nowa, in hiſ Breviaric ſaith, that if youtake the caſt—ſkin of a ſerpent, Opopanax , Myrrhe, Galbanum,Caſtoreum, yellow Sulphut, Madder, Pidgeonſ or Hawhkeſ 40 doung, and incorporate them with the gall of 1 Cow, they becing firſt pulucriſed,flfld the fume thereofreceined through a tunnell at the lower partſy it bringethfoorth cither the ' dead or liuing birth. Cardaz /;b. de Swbtil. ſaith , that the caſtiſkin of a ſerpent burned in the full of the Moone, & entring into the firſtdegrce of Arze>; if the aſheſ thereof be ſprin— kled on the head, that thereby terrible and fearefull dreameſ will follow. And ifthe face betannointed or waſhed there—with being firſtlayd in water, thatit will cauſc oneto looke very fearefully and horribly : and if it be held vnder the tonguexivwill make one very wife and eloquent : and if it be kept vnder the ſoleſ of the feete, irmaketh one very gratiouſ a— mong Princeſ, Magiſtrateſ and greatmen. And another ſaith, that thiſ caſt—offſkin bec— ing pulueriſed when the Moone iſ in herincrcaſe , and in thefiſt degrce of, Arieſ ; ifthe yo powder thereofbeſer on the Table,in a woodden or metallitieidiſh,if any.poyſon be ther— in, it will be diſperſed and doe no hurt, and yet the powiler will remaine ſafe and whole: and ifgitien to aLecaprouſ—perſon, hiſ diſcaſe will ſpreade no further. And if youputle lit— fle of thiſ powdeviinto any wound, it will cugeit—within thre@dayeſ. | Thaue ſcene, (ſayth Galen) Goateſ that haue eaten of the bougheſ and leaueſ of Tamariſke, arid I haue foluflc{ them Of. Serpent_r in Qenem//. them without a ſPlccpe : alſo IT hane ſeencother Goateſ thathauelickt vppe ferpentſ after they had caſt their ſkinne , and 4 haue prooued , that after that , they haue growne veric / a . — 5 Whſſc(jj ſiſi-g to have kept their young yeereſ a great while; ſo that it waſ lon 8 before they waxed ord. 27 __ Of the way to drine away Serpentſ. Of their poiſon ESeritichtſ ; and bytingſ. \ I. A certaine and ſure way to cure thoſe, who either hane beene peyſoned, | emvenomed, or bitten by them. O expelland drive farre away any venomouſ Creatureſ, wee vſe Soffumigati tomake fumiyationſ of the roore of Lyllieſ, Hartſ—horne, and the ornſ to xpell horneſ and hooſkeſ of ſuch beaſtſ aſ be clonen—foored: likewiſe of ?*** Bay—leaueſ ind berrieſ, Calamint, W'ater—creſſeſ , and the aſheſ of the Pine—tree. The leaneſ of ViteXx 5 Bitumen; Gaii ortum , Me— | lanthium, Goateſ—horneſ, CardamomiiyGalbanum, Propoliſ, which a maybecalled Bec—glew; the herbe called Horſtrange, Pavax, Opo— o — — panax, Flcabane, the ſhauingſ or ſcrapingſ of the Cipreſ or Ceder _ tree becing ſtecped in oyle, the Iet—ſtone, Sagapinumxthe hcrbe called Poley, Ferne,and all other thingſ thav haue a ſtrong or vchement ill ſauour, beeing icaſt on the coaleſ for a fa— migation, doe with theyr vapour chaſe away venomouſ. beaſteſ. For whereaſ all yeno. mouſ creatureſ hauc the paſſageſ or poreſ of theyr bodieſ wery ſtraight and natrow, they are very eaſily filled and ſtuffed; and are quickly ſtopped and ſuffocated by/ſuch like ſentſ — and ſmellſ. _dctinſ in hiſ 13. Booke, ſettethdowne an excellent fume after thiſ manner. Takeof GCalbanum, of Sapdaracha, Butter, and of Goateſ—fat, of euery one a like much, make them _ into Pillſ, and yſe them for a F umigation: Ageander in Theriaciſ ſetteth downe ſome for o the ame intentionſ, in theſe yerſleſ, 6 Ceruinique graui cornu nideve fugabiſ : Et ſic cum accendenſ Gagate quandoque lapilium, QDnem conſumentiſ non exedat impetuſigniſ : Multifidam filicem crepitantibuſ iniſce flammiſ, } Aut innaſ viridiſ libanotidoſ accipe fibraſ, | Tantuna'emque acriſ naſturci: hiſ junge duobuſ Acqualſ caprea iam jaCium pondere cornu, Aut exiccantem nareſ cerebrumque nigellam; o Interdum Sulphur, fedum quandoque Bitumen, Vt ſumpta equalipendantur ſmmgula parte. Pratereagraveolenſ candentibuſ inditapraniſ Galbana, et ignitum facienſ vetica delorem, Dentatiſque cedrum maxilliſ ſectile liguum, Omnibuſ inviſum ſerpentibuſ efflat oderem, In Engliſh thuſ; By Hart—horne—fume doe ſerpentſ flide away When ſtone Gagateſ burning'ſ put thereto : Which heate of fire dothnot cleane deſtroy : } Then int thoſe flameſ caſt many—leaned Ferne alſo, Of greene hogſ—fennell, take the loweit brancheſ, Of Noſewort ſharpe, ſo much : then to them ioyne A like proportieon of Roeſ—horne, in waight & kantcheſ, Or elſ Nigella, drying noſe and braine, Or Brimitone, called filthy Sulphure, So 38 Of Serpentſ inGenerall. So all be equallin voaight andpartſ to cure. Beſideſ,Galbanum r anck , layde on burning coaleſ. Or Nettleſ, which dee canſe afierie paine, AndCeday cut, all buyn d" bout ſerpentſ heleſ, Them oner—come, and make them filie amaine. The breathor vapour thatiſſueth from Scrþcnts,is ſo peſtilent, that it killeth all young chickinſ, aſ Columellſ ſaith ; & for preuenting of thiſ miſchicfe, it iſ good to burne Hartſ.. horne, VW omenſ baire, or Galbanum. + Viſ et mirificeſ cantuſ perdiſcere odoreſ, Accenſiſ quibuſ arcetur teterrima ſerpenſ, Aut Styracenyuy aſ, alt atri vuliuriſ alam, i Velnepctam aut frondem rigide ſlirpemque myrice. » In Engliſh thuſ; t i 7f thon wouldſt learne what edourſ — for thy Skill 28 Were beit to ſcarre the ſerpent fierce awal; i Enrne Styr ax, or blacke Vultureſ winged quill, i Or Neppe, greene leaneſ, or ſtock of T amariſke affa) — And Plinyand Sextuſ agreeing withhim , doe ſay 5 thatif you burne the featherſ of a 4 Vultar, all Serpentſ will quickly avoyde the ſtrong ſent thereof: Thereiſ a certaine River inthe countrieſ of Media & Peonia, (aſ Ariſtatle teſtificth) wherin there iſ a ſtone found, with whoſe fumeſctpentſ atrechaſed away : whoſe propertic iſ ſuch , that if any man caſt water on it; itwillburne, and burning,if with any Fan you gocabout to make it to flame, it iſ ſtraight—way quenched ; and thuſ beeing extinguiſhed.it ſendcth forth a ſauour ſtron— ger then any Brimſtone. And to thiſ ſubſcribeth AGerderin theſe wordſ. VeltuThreicium flamma ſuccende lapilium, Quilicet irriguiſ merſuſ tamen ardet in vndiſ, Expreſſague ſtatim reſlinguitur vnituſ olina, Hanc quem flultiſont mittant delittore Ponti, Qui, rude vulguſ ibi veſcenteſ carne magiſtri Paſcendi pecoriſ ſaapoſt armentaſequutur. In Engliſh thuſ; Or take the Thracian ſtone, which ſet on fire Will burne in water yet quenched iſ with ople: Thiſ caſt from P ontſ ſhore, Heard—men deſire, The better to feede their flockſ, & ſerpentſ foyle. vahon at y 49 'The povvder of a Cedar tree, putteth to flight venomouſ Serpentſ, aſ pirgilin the third of hiſ Georgickſ witneſſeth. ſ \ Diſce et odoyatum ſLabuliſ accendere Cedrum; Galbancogque agitare graweſ nidore chelydroſ: VW hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; Learne how of Cedar, fire in thy foldeſ to make, Andwith Galbanumſ ſauour , put to flight the ſnak. Dfſuch thingſ Thingſ that are ſtrewed or layd yvnder vſ,both in our houſeſ and in high—waieſ or bedſ, 2ſ arelayd va— will likewiſe defend & keepe vſ fro venomouſ creatureſ, ſ forexample ; Sothernwo"> $8 ::;:ls%:hazxl Dittander ; Eleabane ; Calamint ; Gentian ſ Auſ?ula regia ) Sage; Nightſhade; S. Ioſſhns- . *"""* vvort, called of fome Fugſ demonum ; Maxgctom ; Origanſiſi,Wildc-Rue ; W ilde—Timeſ Bay—lcaueſ 5 the ſhauingſ or toppeſ of the Cypreſ or Cedar—tree; Cayrdamomum 5 PCY— royall ; W ormevvood ; Mugwoort; Iyſimachia, called in Engliſh Looſc—ſtrife, &Roſt maric., And if we cannot lye vpon ſuch a bedde; — Tunc Of Serpentſ in Generall, » 3 TYunc nixta virideſ ſinnofi vorticiſ aluyeoſ, Ammicolanſ nepetam per obeſaſ collige ripaſ. Aut tiki caſt a [alix , pulchro que flore renidet, Probeat, inftrata ( ſecurumfrende Grabatum. Sic quoque montanum polium,cuinſ graue ſþir anſ Herret oder, Homendue ſuum que debet echidne Herbajet ab Euxina quefertur origantſ vrbe, »Quecungue iklarum decerpitur obuia, prodeſt . Quin etiammulto per aprica cactmina flare 3+ Ridenſ abrotonuſ, pecorique ingrata petitum Pabula ſerpillum, molli quod paſcitur horto. Praſtat item exignam circumluſtrare conyram; Viticeaſique comaſ, CBſpinoſaſ andgyroſ : Sicet pumcea ſeitiſ ex arbore ramrſ, Regaliſque ampliſ licet haſt — frondibuſ vtiſ® Accipe item innocuo medicaiten frigore ſtrumim, 3 Atzue inviſapigriſ Seyra prima aſtate bubulciſ, Nicander; in Engliſh thuſ ; Then by the winding bankeſ of trooked Iſfreameſ 26 The Water—neppe take vp, which ander—foote iſ tread, O; the chaſ Ofter, whoſe fayre flower hath beameſ Andleaneſ, ſecure from ſerpentſ make thy bedde. The Mountaine Poley,whoſe ſtrong—ſinciling breath The ſnakeſ abhorre, and that which doth the Hdraname, The Origan which commeth from Euxinuſ earth Doe profit all gainit ſerpentſ, if you beare the ſame. — The ſmjling Sothernwoed,which groweth on topſ of hillſ,, Wild—Marioram, to beaſtſ abborred foode, Conyzaſtrewed,the haunt of , Serpentſ ſpiltſ, go The Nettle—croppeſ, thorny Anagreſ {[tay theyr moode, So doe Pomegranate brancheſ cut fromitree : And the breade leaneſ of Kingly Haſtavſe, Strume, healing ftrumeſ in harmeleſſe cold Iſce, And Seyray whichin Sonmmer Neatheardſ doe refuſe, In like fort, to ſprinckle the place with water » whercin Sal AM@O@Iacnme iſ diſſolued, B dcioech away Serpentſ, aſ Aricen afirmeth. & —> Ifany onec annoynt himſelfe,cither with Deareſ—ſewit, the fat of Elephantſ ot Lyonſ; Ofrynguenſ Serpentſ will ſhunne that perſon : and there be ſome, ( aſ Plinyſaith) that for feare of Ser— [ſſ,ct:ſijſi;ſi:ffgfiſi o pentſ, doe annoynt their bodieſ with theſeedeſ of I uniper. Thetuyce ofſichc blacke Vine vſ, £t5 which cxtracted from the roote, and annoynted on the bodie, performeth the like. For preſet— ſeipentſ will uation from Serpentſy Mirazder compoundeth thiſ oyntment. Take two Viperſ about 'umneaWvay, the end of Spring—time, Deare—ſewit thirtic drammeſ, Peguenti roſati thirtic ſize dramſ, ctude oyle of Oliueſ aſ much, commix them with nine ounceſ of W axe, boyle the Ser— pentſ till the fleſh fall from the boneſ, which youmuſt caſt 2way becauſe they afe venoſ Mouſ, T oD T ping 6 They that will yet bemore aſſured.let thern aunoynt their bodieſ with a thinne cerate, madeof Wax, oyle of Roſeſ, a little Ga/bam/7, ſome powdcr of Hartſ—horne, or elſ Cumſ Mmin—ſeede of Ethiopia, &c. Activſ. If aman carty about him the tooth of a Srag, or thoſe 1 ſmall boneſ which are found inchiſ hart, Reſhall be ſectired from ſerpentſ. If any one doe care about him W ild—Bugloſſe, or the roote of the wild.carot, hee canror bcvwoundſſ-f.{ of any Serpentſ} Grenineſiſof the minde, thatthe Iet—ſtone; beſide other manifeſt quali— tieſ, hath yet thiſ aſ peculier to it ſelfe, that he which carrieth it about with him, need nei— I'to fearelſerpentſ, nor any other poyſonſ. . —— — 5 ; & Nowor yenomouſ beaſteſ, whichare found fi'n any houſeſ , the beſt way iſ t? [Z?{V\\;]ſ: f " < — Io 2. calding 4.0 Of Serpentſ in Generall. ſ buſ, hee ſaith thuſ. The roote of it taken with W ine inwardly , iſ aſ good aſ Treacle a= gainſt any venime : and in the 21 chapter of the ſame booke, Eryngium, iſ (ſaith he) taken to good purpoſe withſome wine, againſt the byting of venomouſ creatureſ, or any poy— — 10 ſon inwardly taken. And the ſame Serep»mſ, adſcribeth the ſame vertue to the Hartſ curd or rennet, aſ followeth. Cervino ex foctu commixta coagula vino Sumantur , que reſ membriſ agit atra venena, In Engliſh thuſ; Wine mixt with rennet takenfrom a Hart, So drank, doth venom from the memberſpart. He mcaneth a young Hart, becing killed in the Damrneſ belly , aſ P/#py affirmeth alſo 30 the ſame in hiſ 8. booke and 30 chapter in theſe wordſ ; The chiefeſt remedie againſt the byting of Serpentſ, iſ made of the coagu/um of a Fawne , killd and cut out of the bellie of hiſ damme. Coagu/uz»,iſ nothing elſ but that part in the belly which iſ vſed to thicken the Milke. e Proderit et canlem tum vino hanrive [ambuci. Qn,. Sereuuſ. © W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; In drinke, the powder of an Elder—ſtalke, Gainit poyſonprofiteth, aſ ſome men talke. That vertue which Sezenſſ here giveth to the ſtalke of Dwarſe—Elder, (for that iſ meant 40 in thiſ place) the ſame effeX Div/cerideſ attributeth to the roote, in hiſ fourth booke, and Plinyto the leaucſ. 'Thic herbe called Betonyiſ excellent againſt theſe fore—Gaidaffectſ, & by good reaſon, for the greateſt part of poyſonſ doec kill through their exceſſe of coldneſ, and therefore to ouer—come and reſiſt them, ſuch meaneſ are neceſſarice , by which natu= rall and linely heate iſ ſtirred vp and quickned, and ſo the poyſon hindered fiom gtrowing thick together, and from coagulation. ſ \ | Againe,all men doe agree, that thoſe medicineſ are profitable which do extenuate, aſ all thoſe doc which haue a properticto provoke vtine, and Betonie iſ of thiſ qualitie, and therefore becing taken with W'ine, itmuſt needeſ doc good in venomouſ byringſ , and thatnotionely in the bytingſ of men and Apeſ, buit in Serpentſ alſo. Radiſh aſſo hath the go ſame qualitic, becing taken with vineger and watet boyled together, or elſ outwardly ap— plyecd, aſ Serenuſ affittricth. e N } Sine homo, ſeu ſimilincturpi/:ſi*ir;ſia Eeffi_'a nobiſ Valuera dente dedit, viruſ ſimalintulit atrum, — Vetontcam ex duro prodeſt @ſſumere Baccho. 3 3 46 Of Serpentſ in Generall. Necſ non et yaphani cortex decoeta medetur , Si trita admorſiſfuerit cireumlitor membriſ, In Engliſh thuſ ; » If man, or Ape ( a filthy beait mo# like to vſ) By byting wound, and therein poyſon thruit, — Then Betony in hard wine ſteeped long, Or rinde of Radiſb ſod aſ ſoft aſ pappe, Doc heale, applycd to the member firong. There be certaine herbeſ and ſimpleſ, aſ Wild—lettice, Vetuen, the roote called Rhur. 12 barb, Agarick, oyle of Oleander, and the leaueſ of the ſame, the ſeedeſ of Peonic, with a great number a little before deſcribed, that becing taken either inwardly or outwardly in tuyce or powdet, doe cure poyſon, yea though it be receined by hurt from enuenomed ar. roweſ, ſhaftſ, or other war—like engineſ & weaponſ : for the Arabiamxſ, Indianſ, the Galleſ (now termed French—men) and Scy#hjianſ, were wont to poyſon theyr arroweſ, aſ Panluſ Oroſiyſ in hiſ third booke teſtificth of the Z#diamſ, where hee writeth, howe Alexander the Great, in hiſ conguering and winning of a certaine Cittic, vnder the gouernment of| king Ambira, loſt the greateſt part there of hiſ whole Armic with envenomed Dartſ and quar. rellſ. And Celſ#ſ in hiſ fiftth Booke ſaith , that the auncient Ga/eſ were wont to annoynt their arroweſ with the inyce of white Hellebor, with which they did great miſchiefe. P/— 28 myaffirmeth the ſame to be vſed of the Scyrhiey Nation. The Scythianſ (ſaith hee) doc an— noynt their arrow—headſ with the corrupt, poyſonouſ,and filthy ſtained dreggic blood of Viperſ, and with manſ blood mixed together : ſo that the wounde ſeemeth to be incura. ble. And to thiſ alludeth LQujytwſ Serenmſ. : 5 . — \ Cuſpide non quiſquam, longa neque cade [ariſſa, Fulmine non gladij, volucriſ nec felle ſagitt@, DQuam citoVipereopotiſ eſt affligier ittu : Quare aptam ditamuſ opem, ſuccoſque manenteſ. W hich may be thuſ engliſhed ; 30 "There iſ no man witjffitare or lawnceſ poynt, Sharpe edge of ſword, or ſwift arroweſ might, — Tokillſo ſoone, aſ Viperſ force doth dinſ : Then fit iſ the ayde and meaneſ that it acquiteſ There iſ a certaine kind of people to whom it iſ naturally given, cither by touching or ſucking, to cure the wounding of venomouſ Serpentſ, called P/y/, (a people of Libia)& Marſi, people of Italle, bordering vppon the Semmiteſ, and Acquiculania , and thoſe that were called by the auncient W riterſ Ophiegemeſ, which dwelt about He/eſpont , aſ both Pliny, Elianuſ, and Aeneaſ Siluinſ doe witancſe. 2 48 Calliaſ in the teuth Booke of the hiſtory. which heewrote of Agazhocleſ the Syracuſany ſaich, that ifany man were bytten of a Serpent, ifeythex a Zybian by birth, or any Pþi/w, whoſe body waſ accounted venom to ſerpentſ, waſ either purpoſely ſent for,or came that way by chaunce, and ſaw the wound but indifferently and not very —fore tormenting the: patient, that if he did lay but a little of hiſ ſpettle vpon the byting or ſtroke, that preſently; the aking and paine would bemittigared. But ifhe found the ſick patient in great andin— collerable anguiſh and paine, he tooke thiſ courſe in hiſ curation, that firſt he would ſiicke. and draw vp into hiſ mouth a great deale of water, and firſt rinſe.& waſh hiſ own mouth; there—with, and after thiſ, pouting it all out of hiſ owne mouth into a cup, he would gine; it to the poore wounded perſon to ſuppe of. Laſtly , if the malignity and ſtrength of the: ge venome had crept and ſpred it ſelfe very farre and deepe into the body, ſo that theze yyaſ; danger of death, then would he ſtrippe himſelfe ſtarke naked, and ſo lie and ſpread hiſ bo— die vppon the naked body of the ſicke perſon, and ſo by thiſ way of touching, breake the malice and qualitie ofthe poyſon, and gine perfect cure to the man, For more confirmati— enhcecreof, Micander Colophoniuſ iſ ſufifi_dcnc authority,—whoſe.verſeſ I will here d:ſhſi;iþc-ſi >: Anditq Of Serpentſ in _C/ſſeneml[. Andini Libycoſ Pſilloſy quoſ affera Syrtiſ Serpenturmdue ferax putria alit populeſ, Non i/wuinflictum diro, morſune vencnum Ledere quinlaſiſferrectopem reliqniſ, Nopviradicum;,proprio ſed corpore junito, Which iſ in Engliſh thuſ; n Y The people Plylli bredin Lybia Land: Neere Syrreſ, where all ſerpentſ doe abound, Arenener ſtunge noribitten by that band thorc Vatotheir bayine, or any bodyeſ wound : FSSH But ſtraight one nakedmran anotherſ hirt doth healey " No rooteſ, but bodieſ{ertnedanger dethrepeale.. Some of the Greeterhaue left in writing; that the Idolatrouſ Pricſtſ and Piclatſ ofehc Godwlcaw, that dwelt in the Ile Zem»maſ,. had aſpeciall vertue ginen them to cure thoſe who werewounded by Serpentſ : whercypon it iſ ſaid, that PhilocFereſ becing wounded: by a ſerpent before the Altar of Apo//o; went thithertoberemedied ofhiſ hurt. Coryelinſ Celſuſ{aith flatly , that the people:called P/G/had no ſuchpeculiar gift in healing thethat were hurt of ſerpentſ; cither by ſucking or touching the place, but becing boldly aductingſ 20 rouſ, had preſumed thereby to attempt and do that, which otherſ ofleſſle courage had n6' ſtomack to doe : for whofocuer durſt be ſo confident aſ to follow their example,ſhould be himſelfe out ofdanger, and aſſure the othet ſafe and fiee from feare offurther hurt, Galen in hiſ booke De Theriaca ad Piſontm, manifeſtly ſheweth, that the Marſi, who li— ued in hiſ dayeſ, had no ſuch ſpeciall qualitie againſt the poyſon of Serpentſ,but that with their crafty dealing, and knauiſh trickſ, they beguiled the common people. For (ſaith he} thoſe Juglerſ and Deceinerſ, do neuer huntViperſatany conucnient time, but long after the Prime of the yeere and Spring, whiecrein they caſt theirſkinſ, when aſ they are weake, and haue loſt theit ſtrength;, and are veryAaint : them do they take them, & ſo by long vſe and continuance, teach them; and inyre themſelueſ one to another, & bring it ſo to paſſe, 30 that they will feede them with ſtrange and vnaccuſtomed meateſ to their nature ; yea they will permitthem to taſtof fleſh, and conſtraine them to be continuallie gnawing and by— ting of the ſame, that by their ſo tabouring and ſtriuing, their poyſon may by little and lit— tlebeſpent, and purged out of their bellieſ:> Beſideſ all thiſ, they give the a kind of bread made of milke and flower, that by thiſ meaneſ the boleſ in their teeth may be ſtopped "& ſo by: thiſ labouriouſ courſe of dyeting them, they bting the matter ſo about, thavtheyr byringſ are very weake, & do ſmallannoyance to any: that they ſtrike at: So that the ſcerſ and lookerſ on, account ita thing exceeding common reaſon and nature, and blazeit aſ broade fova miracle. Mitthioluſ allo, a Phiſition of late dayeſ, agreceth withhim in thiſ poynt, affirmingex— 40 preſly, that theſe kind of trumperieſ and craftiefetcheſ, are much put in pradiſe in' theſe timeſ, by ſuch bold and impudent Quackſaluerſ, Mountebankſ, and cooſenerſ of plaine Counttry—people, who dareface it out, lyc, faine and cogge, that they are deſcended from the race and linage of Saint Pagle , wherein they ſhewe themſelueſ notoriouſlyerſ. &c. Thuſ farre Mazzhioluſ. Serpentſ doe ſometimeſ creepe into the moutheſ of them that are fat aflecpe, where— vpponacertaine Poctſaith ; Nonp mihi tunc libeat dorſo jacuiſſe per herbam. Which may be engliſhed thuſ> 39 Thenwould Inot vpox the graſſe, Iye on my back where Serpentſ paſie. For ifa man ſlecpe open—mouthed, they flilie conucy themſelueſ in , and wind & role them round in compaſſe,ſo taking vp their lodging in the ſtomackc,actnd then iſ the poore wretched man, miſerably and pictifully tormented ; hiſ life iſ more bitter then'death, nei— 1 TNCL | ) . . 43 Of Serpentſ in Generall. ther feeleth he any releaſe or mittigation of hiſ paine, vnleſſe it be by feeding thiſ hiſ yn. welcome gueſt in hiſ gueſt—chamber, with good ſtore of Milke, and ſuch other meateſ aſ Serpentſ beſt like of. The onely remedy againſt thiſ miſchicfe , iſ to cate good ſtore of Garlicke, aſ Eraſronſ in hiſ Dial. De Amicitia ſaith. Gardan ſaith,how that it waſ reported for a certaine, that a Viper entring into a manſ mouth being aſlecpe and gaping with hiſ mouth, the venomouſ worme waſ expelled onely with burning ot Leather, and ſo reeei; uing the ſtinking fume at hiſ mouth, the Viper not enduring it; hec eſcaped with life. But of thiſ more in our diſcourſe of the Viper. A cerraine man called C#//aſ, beeing vety detiout in the ſetuice, and much addi&ed to the worſhip of the God called Serapſ, being trecherouſly wound in and intrapped,by the ;,, crafrie wilineſ of a certaine woman, which firſt he loued and afterward married, when by het meaneſ he had caten ſome ſerpentſ—eggeſ, he waſ miſcrably vexed, and torne & rent with diſquiet and torment through all hiſ body , ſo that he ſeemed to be in great hazard of preſent death. VV hereupon, forthwith repayring and praying hartily to thiſ hiſ God,for All thiſ medi— hiſ belpe and deliuerance, he receined aunſwer, that he muſt goe and buy a line Lamprey, tcl\:nſſo?'ctsſz:'_i*- and thruſt hiſ hand into the veſſell or place where it waſ kept and preſerued ; which hee pentſ, waſ fOtth=with did, and the Lamprey caught faſt hold on hiſhand, byting hardly, & holding woreen by __ faſtby the teeth': and at length, when ſhe waſ pulled from her faſt hold, the ſickneſſe and Tho:Bonhai — , < . 31 3 Docoe ſ . grievouſ torment of hiſ body,waſ plucked away,and he freely delinuered from that threat. Phiſicke, _ Ningdanger. . Thuſ farre Ac/iapmſ. 25 The (oncluſion of thiſ generall Diſcourſe of & SER PEN T S. E 5 Auing thuſ diſcourſed ofthe medicinal qualitieſ in Serpentſ, and AQ| the remedieſ which Almighty G O V in nature hath prouided a. j))\| gainſt their venom, now for a concluſion, I will adde ſome other ( | naturallyvſeſ ofthem , and ſhut vp allin moralitieſ, and in ſundry Mſſſſ 4 wayeſ'to take them. 30 ( \"S) |L)| There were certaine Amazonſ, aſ Pierinſ noteth, that in theyr Verodotuſ ( > warre—like preparationſ and Armeſ , did yſe the ſkinneſ of Ser— CMela. pentſ. And to the intent that thiſ may not ſeeme ſtrange,the Tre— Pling. gloditeſ did eate Serpentſ and Lyzardſ, for they lined in Caueſ in ſtead of houſeſ, & their voyce waſ not a ſignificant voyce , but a kinde of ſcrietching, like gnaſhing. And for theſe cauſeſ, Serpentſ are very much aftraid of any one of thiſ Nation. Likewiſe certaine of the Gandeanſ were called Ophiophagi, that iſ, Eaterſ of Serpentſ, and one part of the people of Arabia eate Snakeſ. But in Jondia, Ethiopia, and an Tland in the Occan, found out by Zaw— Solinuſ. boluſ, there are Serpentſ which are harmeleſſe, and their fleſh very ſweer and pleaſant to Scaliger, _be caten : So are there in Macimum , a Prouince of Aſra. In Manz#in the vpper India, and 49 Bocnuſ __Carata, they {ell the ficſh of Serpentſ in open Marketſ. Theſe ſerpentſ are called Jnape, & the common people are forbidden to eate them , becauſe they are very delicate, euenaſ Pheaſantſ, Partridgeſ and Peacockſ ate in Framzee. Yet iſ there but one way to dreſle them, which iſ, to roule them in Lard, and ſo to ſeeth them. For firſt they bowell them, y . 1&" then waſh them and fold them vp together round purting them into a pot no bigger then Vener ſ _1O YCCOUC theit quantitie ; vpon them they caſt Pepper wich water , & ſo ſeeth them vpon P. Mariyr wood %& coaleſ that will not ſmoake. W ith thiſ Lard there iſ made a broth ſweeter then any Nectar, which they vſe in many banketſ of great account. But for the taking of Serpentſ, I will yer adde one or two more experimentſ, vyvherein the Ancientſ reuerged themſelueſ vpon theſe irreconcileable encmieſ of mankind. They jo Florentirnſ did v/e to ſet into the earth a deepe pot, whereinto all venomouſ creatuteſ would gather and hide themſelueſ, then came they ſuddenly & ſtopped the mouth of that veſſell, wher— by they incloſed all that were taken, and ſo making a great fire, caſt the ſaide pot of veno— mouſ ſerpentſ into the ſame, which conſumed them all. Otherwiſe , they tooke a liuing Serpent, and digged in the earth a deepe VV ell or pit ſo ſteepe, aſ nothing at the boſſoſſtlj couw! e/Eneaſ g Syl: Of Serpentſ in Generall, could climbeyp to the top thereof, into thiſ pit they would caſt the ſerpeat, and with bet a brand of fire, by mcaneſ whereofthe encloſed Serpent would fall a hyſſing for het life at thehcaring whercok, herfelloweſ of the ſame kind, were therby eafily inuited to comec at her call fc(;1 giue h;l' ſ?%_cjfea (aſ we f'fl_all]lc ſhewed elſwhere) who finding the noiſe in the bot. tomec of the pit, doe ſlide downe of their owne accord, wher ikewiſe intr 1 ſclueſ in the Iſzamc: pitofdeſtru@ion. byilcylkewile imtapyiieſ: But the Iuglerſ or Quackſaluerſ take them by another courſe, for they hane a ſtaffe flit atone end like a payre oftongſ,thoſe ſtand open by a pinne,now when they ſee a ſerpent, Viper, Adder or Snake, they ſet them vppon the neck neere the head, and pulling foorth to the pinne, the ſerpent iſ incuitably taken, and by them looſed into a prepared veſſell, in which they keepe fer, and give hermeate. It iſ reported, that if a Serpent bee ſtrooken Caling e with a Reede, ſhe ſtandeth ſtill at the firſt blow, aſ if ſhe were aſtoniiſÞ ed, and ſo gathereth ,_,Z/:ctzctct herſelfe together, but if ſhec be ſo ſtrooken the ſecond or third time, aſ one deliuered from her aſtoniſhment and feare, ſherecolle&cth her witſ and ſtrength, and ſlydeth away» The ( ouſtantingſ like obſeruation ynto thiſ, iſ that ofthe Auncientſ,chat a ſerpent cannot be drawne ou of her denneby the right hand, but by the left, for they ſay,,ifone lay hold on her taile by the right hand, ſhe will eitherflide ſarther into the eatth from him, or elſe ſuffer herſelfe to be pulled in peeceſ, nenuer turnia 8 againe: and therefore ſaith mine Authour, Non cedit trax Plint. heati, ſed elabitur fugienſ; aut certe abrumpitur, the yeeldeth not to him that draweth hor, Trrer £o but f%)idcth away » flying from him , or elſ ſuffereth herſelfe to bee pulled in peeceſ in the combat. : The ſundry Hieroglyphickſ, ſtatueſ, figureſ, Imageſ, and other morrall obſeruationſ about Serpentſ , are next heere to be expreſſed, which the Auncientſ in their Templeſ, Shieldeſ, Bannerſ, Theatreſand publique placeſ had ereeced for' their honourſ and digſ nitic. And firſt of all, in the Temple of Delphoſ, neere the Oracle , there waſ placed the Serpent which prouoked Ap0/ to fight with him, wherein it waſ by him ſlaine. And the Plutarch. "Hermopolitanſ, did reſerue the Image of Typhon, in a Sea—horſe, wherevpponſar fighting Piernſ, aHawke and a Serpent : by the Sea—horſe they ſignified the Monſter Typhon,by the other beaſtſ, aſ namely the Hawke and the Serpent, how by hiſ principalitic and gouernment, 30 which hc had gotten by violence, he troubled both himſelfe and otherſ. | __ Herculeſ had in hiſ ſhield certaine Serpentſ headſ, pictured with theſe verſeſ, Biſ ſenſ hic videaſ, ſtridentibuſ effera flaminiſ Collt, venenato vnltn maculo{a draconum. Tum magiſ offenſo ſþirantia gutture virnſ — Dnam magiſ Alcideſ effuſo ſanguine pugmar. Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; Of Dragonſ headſ twiſe ſixe heere maijt thon ſce, Raging among It the flameſ with poyſond ſpoiredface; o CaSting moſt venom forth when they enraged be, ! Aſ when Alcideſ ſaw hiſ blood diſtill apace, And ſo Pirgill ſaich of Auentinuſ. * Clypeogue inſigne parentum. ſ Centum angueſ, ciniamgue gerit ſerpentibuſ, Hydram, *That iſ today ; Hiſ fhield an hundred ſnakeſ, hiſ Fatherſ creit An Hydra in their compaſſe iſ enteſt, 1 * Ofcuſ which raigned among the Tyrzhenianſ, gaue in hiſ Standard & Coare of Armeſ iwſ aSerpent, Now the people O/c (from whom it may be he waſ ſprung and deriued) lined T#r#* WCaoppayiga in Italie, aſ wo haue ſhewed alreadic. In auncient time we read,that when hoſtilitie—began to be compoulſildfidz ſh_c)',hſid HC* | toldſ and Embaſſadorſ of peace, which they called GCadwcearoreſ, which carried ypright Suillaſ, 8cettaineRodde or ſtaffe called Caduceuſ, thiſ Rod waſ very ſtraight, & at the either ſide, < 2 E wwexre The Hiſtorie of Serpentſ. were artificially loyned two ſerpentſ figureſ, winding and crooking into each other aſ the manner of Serpentſ iſ. Thiſ Rodde waſ ſo ſacred, that it waſ a great offence to violate or offerany intury vnto it : for by the ſtraight Rod, waſ ſignified PerfeX & Vpright reaſon or vnderſtanding »by the two crooked ſerpentſ at eyther ſidetherecof, waſ figured the two Armieſ inuading and aflailing che ſame Vpright—vnderſtanding, yet not prevailing : For thiſ paſſed thoroughand betwixt them without harme, by truce and entreatieſ of Peace, ThiſRod waſ therfore conſecrated to Mercury, the taileſ of the Serpentſ reaching downe to the handle or halfe of the Rod, where they were adorned with vvingſ. Alciatiſ made theſe Emblematicall verſeſ vpon the Caducemſ. —— Anguibuſ implicitiſ, geminuſ Caduceuſ abiſ, Tnter Amaltheſ cornua re uſ adeſt. Pollenteſſic mente viveſ, fandigque peritaſ Tudicat, vt rarum copia multa bect. Jn Engliſh thuſ ; . Tyixt Cevr eſ horneſ the Rod of Peace deth ſtand ppright, with winding ſmakeſ, and deonble—winged tayleſ, To ſhew that mindſ and tongueſ with Learningſ brand, Are bleſt withplenty in all worldly vayleſ. \ a But hauing thuſ entred into the Hicroglyphicall Emblemſ,if I ſhould ſay ſo much aſ J find made ready, and ſquared for the archite&ure of thiſ diſcourſe, I might looſe tmy ſelſe in a volumniouſ world of matter, therefore I will but give the Reader a taſt hereof, By the Serpent in Holy—writ, are many obſcruatine ſignificationſ 5 and firſt, that the devuill him— ſelfe, which iſ AMaluſ dewſ mald mundi, an cuill God of an euill world,ſhould be termed and expreſſed by a Serpent. "The cauſe ſaith Pierinſ, iſ lingue motatio, the continuall and ne— uer ceaſing motion of a Serpentſ tonguC : and ſo the continuall and enuer—working perſwwa— ſionſ of diabolicall tentationſ,and a true mixture and limbe of thiſ old Serpent , ſpeaketh otherwiſewith hiſ tongue, then he thinketh with hiſ hart. Therefore it iſ alſo ſaid, that a naturall ſerpent hath a clouen or twiſted tongue. S 36 Clemenſ ſaith truly, that Serpentſ doc alſo ſignificmen giuen oner to ſinneſ, and frau— dulent impoſtorſ or maliceſ, Onaſ hybriSteſ, he akotaSteſ, bukoſ agrioſ ho pleoneticoſ, kaie— phiſ ho apatroon, that iſ, An infolent & an intemperate Afſe.There iſ a raging wolfe which iſ couctouſ, and there iſ a ſerpent which iſ an impoſtour and fraudulent. The ſamelcar— ned man ſaith,that richeſ are like to a ſerpent : For aſ when an ignorant man thinketh to take a Serpent without harme by the tayle, ſhee turneth backe againe and biteth him, but ifhc take her by the necke, ſhe cannot execute any part of her malice : euen ſo when awile man hath the managing ofricheſ, by vertue ofhiſ diſcretion hce ſo charmeth them, that there iſ not in them any harme at all : but the fooliſh man iſ mortally ſtung by hiſ imprtte dent poſſefſion and diſpenſation ofthem. — 49 OF THE ADDER. —) T falleth out in the particular Diſcourſe of Serpentſ, that I exprefſe the 59 moſtknowne Serpent to vſ in Epgland in thefirſtplace, according to Ab phabeticall order, thatiſ, the Adder. For although Tam not ignorant» tharthere be which write it Ardere,of Natrix,which ſignificth a Wiater— 3)\| ſnake, yet I cannot conſent vnto them ſo readily, aſ to depart from the 2] more vulgarreceaued word of a whole Nation, becauſe of ſome ſix\kclz/- rreceaucd word OF a WHO on, becauic OL ad Of the Adder. $i hood in the derivuation from the Latine : F. or whereaſ ly to be derived of Mazrix, and Magyix of Nutando, coniecturall deriuation iſ deſtroyed by the latter, entreat, hauntech not the waterſ, except for drinke in her time ofthirſt , and therefore I miſlike the writing of Madere for Adder : & rather take that word to ſignific a land ſhake. And yet if there be any good argument of deriuation of Engliſh from Latine , I would not haue the Reader thinke, but that the Adder may aſ well be detriued Aterra, from the earth which it yvſeth, or ofater, blacke, which iſ the colour thatit beareth , orfrom agzrzox fierce, {for there iſ no ſerpent of that quantitic, more fierce, angry, or hurefull,) aſ wellaſ 3o nadere from natrix, —___ The Latineſ doe expreſſe thiſ kind of ſerpent by the word Coluber, whereof ſome give Tidertſ, ſundry reaſonſ, either becauſe coliz vpbraſ, it haunteth and liueth in hedgeſ & ſhadowye WW placeſ, or elſ 4 /nbyiciſ tractibuſ, of hiſ winding. pace or path. Geleniuſ deriueth it of the Greeke word Keloboureſ, which ſignifieth wanting a tayle, becauſe the ſnakeſ which are about houſeſ, are ſomctimeſ found without tayleſ, which hane been ſtrooke offmy men; but thiſ opinion hath no reaſon for the Addet,which iſ not domeſticall . Indeede I con— fefle that PZizy vſeth Coluber for a generall word fotr ſerpentſ, when he ſaith, Coluber in aſ qua vinenſ, whichdeccined Theapzſirctfms & Gaza, applying it to the water Serpent. And fo Eraſrauſ and otherſ, tranſlate Ophiſ coluber, that iſ, the generall greeke word for a Ser+ 30 pent, an Adder. T here iſ alſo Colubza; aſ in Luciliuſ Varro, & Neniuſ Marcellinuſ appea— _ teth; wherevnto agree Morace, Virgill, and Corneliuſ Celſuſ,. The Italianſ call thiſ ſerpent Lo Scorzone, ſcorſoni Colubrſ, la ( ſcorzonara laſcorſona, The French, Colegure . The Spa nyardſ, C#lebra, and at thiſ day, the Grecianſ Werephiſ . And thuſ much for the name, CXe cept I may adde theſe verſeſ of irgillin hiſ Georgickſ. f ANedere inay {eeme not impropet; that iſ, Gwimming in the water;the firſt becauſe thiſ Serpent whereof weenow Aut tecto afſuetuſ Coluber , ſuccedere & vmby a Peitiſ acerba boum, pecorique aſpergere viruſ Feouit humum. Cape ſax a manu, cape robora ( paſtor, Tollentemgue minaſ, & ſibila cella tumenterſ, 30 Deijte, famque fuga tumidume caput abdidit alte : a Cum medi nexuſ,extremague agmina cauda Solvuntur , turdoſque trahit ſinuſ vitimaſ orbeſ, In Engliſh thuſ; &Þ I. Orwhen the Adder woſing houſe or ſhade ; Bred inthe earth, the bane of ſþeepe andneatey | } Then ſhepheard take both ſtone in hand and blade, To quaſh hiſ ſwelling necke and hiſſing threat, Or when hiſ fearefull head he putſ full deepe in earth Toflye thy wrath, him [under in the midit, * 40 Or cut hiſ tayle, if no part elſ appeareth, For that will ay hiſ pace, while on't then treadeſt, Thiſ iſ vſuall, to call a water=—Addetr, a houſe.Addet,a Land—make,and ſuch other, but catachreſtically confounding one kind with another. Aod thuſ much fqr the name of thiſ Serpent. The partſ differ not fromthe gencrall deſcription before recited, it iſ long like an Ecele, and hath many Epithetſ, aſ w/z/deſ colub»;, greene Addcrs, long, rough, veno— mouſ, diverſ coloured, ſwelling, ſlyding, winding, blew, tervible, ſecret, hurcfull , Medua Sean, Cyniphian, Gorgonean, Eybiſſine, biting, ſpotted, wreathing, black, bending, hhcauy, ſcalie, and diverſ ſuch other, aſ the Gramarianſ have obſcrL1Fd. But concerning the co. 3o lout hereof, it iſ moſt commonly blacke'on the backe, ſornetimeſ grgcmſh_and ycl}owlſh. The ſcaleſ of it are morc ſharpe then ofthſ Snake, & therefore the Egyptianſ were s}zvom; to ſay of the Thebane Adderſ, that they had a certaine appearance of horneſ vppont m, 8ſ we ſhall ſhew more at large in the ſtory of Cevaſ?eſ, or th c_horncd ſcrp_cnr. Taltthe: Victorinſ, ſpeaking of the great wormcſ which are bred in Hct bctclhcsz dOLl a ctrhſiſip Ceceſ Colubraſ, blind Adderſ ; but otherwiſe, the Adder which iſ proper to the eart = ;.z SA Io The Hiſtorie of Serpentſ. not blind, but ſeeth aſ ſharply aſ any other ſerpent cither by day or by night . They are hoter then the ſnakeſ, and therefore linemore in theſhadoweſ, and lye for the moſt part round, folded vp together like a rope, aſ the Poct noteth, ſaying 5 Hirtuſ & vt coluber, nodoſo gramine teEluſ Ventre cubat flexo, ſemper collettuſ in ofbem. In Engliſh thuſ ; Aſ the rough Adder in knotty graſſe iſ conered, Lyeth on her belly, and round in circle gathered. They are a craftie & ſubtill yenomouſ beaſt, biting ſuddenly them that paſſe by them, ſ whereypon Iucob ſaid that hiſ ſonne De# ſhould be Coluber in vta , an Adder byting the horſe hecleſ. VW hen ſhe hachbitten, with her forked or twiſted tongue ſhee infuſeth her poyſon, yvhercof, and the remedy ſeruing there—voto , there iſ thiſ hiſtory in Ambroſiuſ Payanſ, At what time (ſGaith he) Charleſ the ninthlay at Melineſ, Land DoGtor Le Fenre the Kingſ Phiſitian, were ſentfor to cure a certaine Cooke of the Lady Caifroperſerſ, who waſ bitten by an Adder, aſ he waſ gatherin g wilde Hopſ in a hedge. The Cooke aſ ſoone aſ he waſ bitten in the hand, fricked the wound with hiſ mouth, thinking therby to mittigate the paine, and draw out againe the poyſon 5 but aſ ſoone aſ hiſ tongue touched the wound, prcſently it ſo ſwelled that he could not ſpeake : and befideſ, iſ arme 'or ſhoul— "o der ſwelled into a high bunch or tumoutr, which did put him vnto painfull tormentſ; ino. much that he ſwounded twice in our preſence; hiſ face and colour changed aſ though he would preſently die : W hereat we all deſpayred to cure him, yet did not forſake him,nor left to try ſome meaneſ to eaſe hiſ tormentſ. Then wee waſhed hiſ tongue with Triacke, mixed with an equall proportion ofwhite vvine and Aguavite ; then alſo I cauſed the arme to be ſcarified all oucr, and faunced the place where the Adder had bittenhim , our of which flowed abundanice of corrupt mattery blood. Then we waſhed the vvound with Triacle and Mithridate, in Agud vite ; fo we cinſed him to be layd into a warme bedde, there to ſvveat,and commaunded to keepe himawake, which waſ done accordingly ; and ſo the next day the ſwelling waſ abated, & the malignant ſymptomeſ were all cuacuated® 39 ſo we gauc order to keepe the vvound orjaunced place open, $& afterward the Cookebe— ganto be wellagaine. Thiſ one example in ſtead of many, I thought good to inſert into thiſ place, that hereby the generall cure may belearned and followed. It agreeth with all other ſerpentſ in the changing or putting OF the »kin ſ forafter that by faſting it hath made hiſ fleſh low and abated, then by flyding thorough a narrowpaſ ſage, whereof Virgil/ thuſ, writeth. RSSSRSS S Qualiſ whi in Incen coluber, mala gramina paſtuſ, Lubrica connoluit ſublato peitore farga , Frigida ſilb terra, turmidum zjſitſitem.kmmaſſtſſegchſit ſ } 49 Arduuſ ad ſolem & letiguiſ micat ore triſulciſ i ,it Nuncpoſitiſ nowtſ, exuuijſ, intidn vſque tunventa. . Myhich may be engliſhed thuſ ;, . * 3t t a | Exen aſ the Adder in the ſpring ill f_Zf:ſilde'ana' leane Moneth herwinding limbeſ, holding vp hey Dreft, Whom winterſ cold whileſ hyd 79 carth made fivell, Io [unne—ſhine with her treble tonaue expreſt © Dothlicke and make to ſhine ber. .ſivfi}*me, neate Yout Renueth, and caſt'ſ old coate, far heate cxiſueth. H ;8 LALL 2 J | . ,S. Ierom ſaith, that when the Adder iſ thirſtic and gocth o drinkſ, ihefarſt of all at the water ſide caſteth vp her venome, leaſt that by drinking it deſeend into her bowvelſ am ſo deſiroy herſelfe,but after that ſhe hath drunke,ſhe licketh it yp againe; euen aſ a fouldiour Zerodot 1 \V y 31 X7 3 a Herodat#t= re—aumed after be waſ diſarmed. The voyce ofthiſ ſerpent iſ hiſſing, although it be verl® ſeldome heard. And it iſ ſaid, that when Cr-kzſiſhsvnd:r:ookc'to wage yyarre With}"{ctſ 3 he a } the Of the Ammodyte. $3 the ſubgtbcs of Sardiſ yvere all filled with Adderſ, which vyere deucured afteryvard by ho_rſcs in the paſtureſ. thF(.:at the King and people vyere not a little moued : But the Pricſteſ, after conſultation with the Oracle, tolde them that it ſignified , howe ſtrangerſ ſhould devuoure the people of that Cittie ; becauſe that Adderſ were bred in thoſe coaſgics therefore they tooke them to ſignifie naturall inbabitantſ; and becauſe horſeſ came from other Countrieſ, therefore ſtran gerſ, (aſ Cyrwſ and hiſ ſouldiourſ) ſhould be thereby ſig. nified. And thiſ iſ to be noted, that the encmicſ of thiſ ſefpent,are the ſime that are com— mon to other, and the Hart aboue all other beaſtſ oftheearth; Yet thiſ Serpent (ſaith S. Ambroſe) will k}ſill a Lyon, & runne away from a Hart. : & >4 Thc Medicineſ ariſing out of thiſ beaſt, are briefely theſe 5 'The water whercin an . Adder iſ preſerned alive, iſ aremedy againſt the poyſon of a Toade : Alſo Adderſ or Vi. t perſ mcludcdſſm apot with the ſcrapingſ of Vineſ, and therein burntto aſfieſ, do help the vvenneſ or Kingſ—cuill, And Pliny alſo affirmcth, that if a man which hunteth Crocodilſ, beareabout him any part of the farte of an Adder, or the gall mixed vvith the herbe Pora. migiten, he cannot be hurt by that beaſt. — Serpentſ and Adderſ, eſpecially deafe Adderſ, ſignifie vnrepentant wicked men, and . . alſo diſcord, aſ the Poct deſcribeth it, yyhen Alec#a fent a Serpent, Snake or Adder , to Tttt mouccotention in the familic of Ayzatz. L1byro 7 — Aenead. And thuſ much for the Adder, £0 OF THE AMMODYTE. Silninſ, at —— wiat Hiſ Serpent I call after the Greeke name, Ammodyteſ, an Ammo— dyte. It iſ allo found to be called Ammodjta, and Genchriaſ, orv ra— ther Centriaſ, ot Centriteſ, becauſe of the hardneſ of their tayleſ, yyhich are alſo clouen on the vpper fide. The Italianſ call it 4 1 ſpi— do del corno, becauſe it hath vpon the vpper chap a hard wartelike ahornc. The head of thiſ Serpent iſ longer & greater then a Viſ perſ head,and her chappeſ yyider, beſideſ the late expreſſed diffe< rence vpþon the vpperlippe : and yet it may well be termed a kind of Viper. It iſ IPrmamiſ fera, a fierce wilde beaſt, in length not aboue a cubite , hauing diſ , y uetſ blacke ſpotſ vpon the ſkinne, and certaine appearanceſ of ſtrakeſ or ſinall lineſ ypon Olam Mag; the backe. The colour of the other partſ iſ euer like the ſand wherin it keepeth & maketh ©AWernr@ abode, according to theſe verſeſ of Lucam, 7 \| l | Concolor exuitiſ, atque indiſcretuſ areniſ Ammodyteſ, In Engliſh thuſ ; © The Ammodjte, indiſeveete outhe Land, F : 4p Doth hold the colour of the burning ſand; The Counttieſ moſt of all annoyed with theſe Serpentſ , are Lybia, Iraly, and 1/iria, eſpecially about Gortininm, and the Mountaineſ of Lampidia. Their harmeſ are not infeſ riour to the ſtinging and poyſon of Aſpeſ, for Mazzhielwſ writeth, that hee hath knovvne ſomec to die thereof vvithin threc houreſ after the wound receined. And if they doe not dye within ſhort time, then doth the blood iſſue forth in abundant maner out of the hurt, and the wound ſwelleth. Afterward, all iſ turned into matter, and then followeth dulneſ inthe head, and diſtraQion in the mind ; they line long which endure it three dayeſ, and it waſ nenuer knowne that any liued abouc ſeauen dayeſ :thiſ alſo becing obſerued , that 30 thoſe that be hurt by a femail doe dycſooneſt. For together with their byting, they infuſe a vehement payne, which cauſeth ſwelling, and the ſore to runne. — I find the cure hereof in A6#/##ſ to be thuſ, firſt of all Triacle muſt be given to theſicke Petſon to drinke, and alſo layd vpon the wound , alſo drawing or artractive pIAyſtcrcts,nnf{ ſuch poulteſſeſ which are fit for running vicerſ. Butfirſt before the playſterſ, ſcarifie all the placeſ about the hurt, and bind the ypper partſ hard, then launce the ſore a little with F 3 a pen., 54 Galennſ, Hippocrateſ, ſ T he Hiſtoxy of Serpentſ. a Pen—knife, and let him drinke ſweete water with Rungwort, Gourdeſ, Caferenm», and Caſſia. Auicen preſcribeth in the cure of theſe Serpentſ venom : Caſloren», Cinnamon, the roote of Centory, of cach two ounceſ with W ine, and the roote of long Hartwort, of Aſſoaſier, the inyce of the roote Geptian. And for emplaiſter, Hony ſod and dryed, and ſo.pounded, the rooteſ of Pomgranatſ, and Centory, the ſeedc of Flaxe, and Lettuce, and wilde Rew : And ſo I conclude with DoZor Geſner, Percuſſin ab Ammodgte feStineſ ad remedium ſine quo nemo affugere, He which iſ hurt by an Ammodyte, let him make haſt for a remedy, without which neuer man eſcaped death. . OF THE ARGES AND ARGOLE, . Here iſ mention in Galew and Hzppocrateſ, of a Serpent called Argeſ : Now Argeſ ſignifieth in Greeke white, ſwift, idle, ill mannered : of thiſ Serpent Hippotrateſ telleth thiſ ftory . There waſ (ſaith he) a young man drunke |[eSegeraal) which lay aſlecpe vpon hiſ backe in a certain houſe, gaping : Into thiſ manſ mouth entered a ſerpent called 47ge5, the young man perceiuing it in hiſ mouth, ſtrived to ſpeake and ery but could not, and ſo ſuddenly gnaſhing hiſ teeth , devuoured and ſwal. Jowed downe the Serpent : After which he waſ put to intollerable paineſ, hiſ handſ ſtret. ching & quinering like aſ a manſ that iſ hanged or ſtrangled , and in thiſ fort he caſt him. ſelſe vp and downe and dyed ; Itſceemeth therefore that thiſ Serpent hath hiſ namefrom to the ſudden deſtrucdion, he bringeth to the creatureſ it ſmiteth, and therefore in auncient time we read that Mercwzy waſ called Argiphon, for killing of Serpentſ. THc Argole atre onely mentioned by Suidaſ, for he ſaith,that Alexander brought them to Alexandria from Argeſ,&Sc caſt them into the riner to expell and denour the Aſpeſ : where they continued a long time, till the boneſ of the Prophet 2eremy» were broughtout of Egyptvnto Alexandria which flew them, (aſ the ſame Author writeth : ) And thuſ much of thee two kindeſ of Serpentſ, Be | iſ Abaice.| OF ASPES. E1 4. N Hebrewe aſ appeateth Dewr. 32. the Aſpc iſ called Pether, in pſal: 58. Akſchub, in Iſa. 59. and Ter. 8. Zipheoni , an Aſpc ora Cockatrice, worſe then a Serpent. The Arabianſ Haſyoſ, 59 and Faſcoſ »the Greekeſ Aſ/piſ , the Italianſ Aſpe, and A/fiaſi_t, the Spaniardeſ Binora , the French Pyaſpic , the Germanſ Ein ſelang genannt, and the Latineſ Aſpiſ. About the notation of de— !|| rination of thiſ word, there iſ ſomec difference amony W riterſ ._ J Ariſlophaneſ detiueth it from Alpha , an intenſiue Parciclci; and 5 >, =<* 5 3 Spize Of the Afpe. 53 Spizo which ſignifieth to extend ; either by reaſon of hiſ ſhatpe—ſhrill hiſſing , ot for the leogth of hiſ b_ody v Otlȝcrs derive 4þ% from Z7pſ, which ſignifeth venome ſior poyſonſſ & chcrcſprc ſaith .chc: SF[IPEU\L*C : The poyſon of Aſpeſ, becauſe that iſ a predominant poiſon, The Latineſ call it Aſ#/ſ, quod venentim aſþergit morſu, bycauſe it ſprinkleth abroad hiſ poyſon vyhcp it biteth. Beſideſ we read of Aſpiſ a Buckler, an Iſland in the Lycian Sea , a 1\10;11\:111]:: in Affrike, and there iſ a faſhion of camping Souldioutſ in the fielde call,ee:l Aſbideſ. & Thc Epitſihcts ſſi.{cd?ring thenature of thiſ peſtiferonſ Serpentate, Inchecira, reioycin in poiſon, Elzka.ſſa, winding, LEichyrereſ, putting out the tongne, Sperdalee fca;'cfull P/:ctvg—; ro inefſa, cruc_lly killing . *Likewiſe in Latine, dry, ſiceping, dfouzy, deadly, ſivcilin; and Aſþiſ Pharia, a pharian Aſpe, ſo called of the Iſland Pharzſ, wherethey abound,. Iniſſaid (Ca: Rbod: that the Kingſ of Eg)p# did weare the Piduteſ of Aſpeſ in theit crowneſ: whereby they ſignified the inuincible power of principality in thiſ creature, whoſe woundſ cannot caſily be cured : And the Prieſteſ of Egypz and Acthiopia, did likewiſe weare very long capſ, ha— uingtowagd theirtoppe a thing like a Nanell , about which are the formeſ of winding Aſpeſ; to ſignifie to the people, that thoſe which reſiſt G O D and Kingſ, ſhall periſh b; @ct,{ct vnreſiſtable violence . Likewiſe by an Aſpe ſtopping hiſ eare, waſ figurtcſſd & vnderſiood Tſſ';:,',ſſ:ſſctſi a rebell obeying no laweſ or degreeſ of the higher power': But let vſ leaue thiſ diſcourſe — of moralitieſ, and come nearer to the naturall deſcription of Aſpeſ.There aremany kindſ A dam g0 of Aſlpeſ after the Egypricſ diuiſion, for one kind iſ called Aſþiſ Sina, a dry Aſpe . T hiſ iſ the longeſt of all other kindeſ, and it hath cyeſ flaming like fire, or butrning coaleſ ; ano— ther kind iſ called A//@, which doth not onely Kkillby biting, butalſo with ſperting: which it ſendeth forth while it ſetteth hiſ tecth hard together, and lifteth vp the head . A,nother kind iſ called J/@2»do, becauſe of the ſimilitudeit keepeth with Swalloweſ, for on the back it iſ blacke, and on the belly white, like aſ iſ a Swallow. W e read allo in Alberz@ of 4 1 (Z piſ Hypnaliſ, and Hippupex , but it may bee that"b oth theſe nameſ ſignific but one kinde. Thiſ Uyprale killeth by ſlecping, for after that the wound iſ ginen , the patient falleth into a dcepe and ſweete (leepe, wherein it dycth : and therefore Leonjcenmſ ſaith ; I//am fuifſe ex eubiiſ eneno ſibi Cleopatram ſuaiene mortem tonſciuit, that it waſ the ſame which Cleo— go patrabought to bring vpon her ſelfeAſwetete and eaſie death. There iſ alſo an Aſpe called Athaeſ, which iſ of ditierſ coloutſ*: But I doc conſider that all the kindeſ may well be re Lrim. duced tothree, that iſ ;P3y@, Char/iea, and Chelidlonia. Pty2ſ hutteth by poyloning meng Agmetſa. eyeſ, by ſperting forch yenom, Cher/*a liueth on the Land, and Chelidoxi?a in the waterſ. ?4+ The Aſpe iſ a ſmall Serpent, like to a Land Snake, but yet of a broader backe, and ex— cept in thiſ differeth not much from the Snake, their Neckeſ ſwellaboue meaſure , and if they hutt in that paſſion, therecan beenoremedy, for the ſtroake of thcir eyeſ are excec— ding red and flaming, and thereare tworpiceeſ of fleth likea hatdikin which grow out of their forcheadſ, according to theſe verſeſiof Nfrazder; **>**> ©40 Praterea gemine, calli inſlar fronte caruncle Herent, ſangutheiſ ſcintillant lamina ({limmi+v> T hat iſ to ſy 5 Eo y mndurn Aſ hardaſ Brawnedivo buncheſ in their face Doc grow, and flaming—blondy=cyeſ their grice. ſ ad Hon T And the dry Aſpe ſo called, becauſe it lineth in mid—landeſ, farre from any water, hath 3 vchement ftrong fight, and theſeeyeſ both im onc and otherate placed in the Temipleſ of their head.. Theiriteethare extceding long;and grow out of their mouth like a Boareſ, | and thorough two ofthclongeſtare litce:holloweſ; out of which hece expreſſerh hiſ poy . g0 fon ; They are alſo.couered withithinne and tepder ſkinneſ, which ſlyde vp when the ſer. pent bytech, and ſo—ſuffer the poyſonto.comeont of thc holeſ , afterward they returnc to theirplaceapaine.:Ofall—which thuſ writeth Mikender ;0 Se Qratuor huix intramarillacontana denter; Radiceſ fxere ſuaſ, quaſ inndl a quibuſdam, ® F4— Peli— 56 Etim. a Aticenna. eArnoldm, Strabo, e Actina, Olatſ, Am:param, Belloning The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. pelliculiſ tunica obducit, triſle vnde venenum Effſundit, ſiforte ſwo [e approximet hoſti, Tn Engliſh thuſ ; ' Within the hollow of their cheekeſ frery teeth are ſeene Faſt rooted, which a coate of ſkinne doth ioyne and oner—hide, From whence ſad venom iſſucth forth when ſhe iſ keene, If that her foe ſhe chance to touch aſ ſhe doth glide. The ſcaleſ of the Aſpe are hard and dry, and red, abouc all other venemouſ Beaſteſ ; and by reaſon ofher exceeding drought, ſhee iſ alſo accounted deafe. About their quantity iſ here iſ ſome diffetence among W riterſ : For Ac/ianwſ ſaith, that they haue beene found of 2, cubitſ lenigth, and their other partſ anſwerable : Againe, the Egyprianſ affirme them to be foure cubitſ long : but both theſe may ſtand together , for if Aclierm@ſ ſay truc, then the Egyprianſ are not deceined , becauſe the greater number containeth the leſſer . The Aſpe P2y2ſ iſ about two cubitſ long : the Cher/@# Aſpeſ of the carth , grow to the length of fiue cubitſ, but the Che/idonian not aboue one, and thiſ iſ noted, that the ſhorter Aſpe killeth ſooneſt, and the long more ſlowly ; one becing a pace , and another a fathom in length. Ngeander writeth thuſ ; . . 55 Yam proceram extenſa querunt quam brachia duci, Tantad craſſitieſ eit, quantum miſſile telum, Quod facienſ haſtaſ doct a faber expolit arteſ W hich may be thuſ engliſhed ; Aſwide aſ armeſ inforce out—ſtretched, So iſ the Aſpe inlength, C| And broad enen aſ acaſting Dart, Made by a wiſe Sm]t/.-c:ffirmgth. 12 The colour of Aſpcſ iſ alſo variouſ and diuerſe, for the 3/w2do Aſpe, that iſ, theCheſ— donianteſembleth the Swallow : the P#y@ or ſpetting Aſpe reſembleth an aſh colout, fla— ;5 ming like Gold, and ſomewhat greeniſh : the Cher/@» Aſpe of an aſh colout or green, but thiſ later iſ more rare, and P/ey/wſ ſaith, that he faw a yellow Aſpencere ze/yn : of theſe colourſ writeth Nrcarder ; | Squaliduſ interdum color albet, ſape viventi, Cune maktuliſ [ape eit cinereſimitante figura, Noppungruam ardenti veluti ſuccenditur igneſ — Ldg, nigra Aethiopumſubterr a quale refuſuſ Niluſ ſſpe lutum, vicinumin Nereaveluit. Se — Thuſ otherwiſe ; \ 49 Their colour whitiſb pale; and ſometime linely greent } Andfpotſ which doe the aſh reſemble, EFAC Some frery red + in Acthiop blacke Afpeſzare ſeene:>/'>— And ſome againe like to Nerean mud, . Caſt vp by flowing of the Niluſ flond. The counttieſ which breed Aſpcſ ; arenot oncly the rezgionſ of 4firke; andthe con fineſ of A/mſ, but alſo inthe Northerne partſ of the world (aſ writeth Oluwſ Maiganuſ) are many Aſpeſfound: like aſ therearemany other Serpentſ found;Althoggh their verom or poyſonbe much more weak, then in Africa, yethefaich that their poyſon will kill a fian 39 within three or foure honreſ withoutremedy. In Spayrealſo thereare Aſpeſ, butnone in FErance, Athough the common pcople doſtile a cerraince creepingthingbyiartiathe.Z#@— Eam thinketb that the originall of all came from Affrica , and therefore concludeth, that Merchantſ for gaine haue tranſported themifito Europe ſaying 5* >7. \, Ipſi 0 ſ the A) ſ_pe}. Ipſacaloriſ egenſ, gelidum non tranſit in orbemſ Sponte ſwa, Nilog,tenuſ metitur arenaſ. Sed quiſ erit nobiſ lucri pudor ? Inde 'Petuntur; Huc Lybica morteſ, & fecinemſ aſþida merceſ. In Eogliſh thuſ ; The Aſpeinto cold Regionſ not willingly doth goe, But neere the bankſ of Niluſ warme , doth play vpon the ſandeſ, Oh what a ſhame , of wicked gaine, muſt we then wvndergoe? © Which Libian deatheſ, and aſpiſb wareſ hane brought into our Lindſ. The_ir abode iſ for the moſt part in dryeſt ſoyleſ, exceprt the Chelidowian,or water Aſpc, which live in the bankeſ of Aylwſ all the yeare long, aſ in a houſe & ſafe Caitle, but when 57 they perceiue that the water will oucr flow, they forſake the bankeſ fideſ, & forſafegard ,,ſi-j/,-ſi,,mz of their lineſ , betake them to the Mountaineſ . Sometimeſ alſo they will aſcend and climbe treeſ : aſ appeareth by an Epigram of Apzhologiuſ . Itiſ a horrible, fearefull, and terrible Serpent , going ſloyyly , hauing a vveakeſight , alvvayeſ ſleepy and drowzy, but a ſhrill and quicke ſence ofheating , whereby ſhee iſ vvarned and aducrtiſed of all noyſe, which when ſhe heareth, preſently ſhe gathercth her ſelfe round into a circle, and in the middeſtlifteth vp her terrible head : VW herein a man may note the gratiouſ pro— go uidence of almighty G O D , which hath given aſ many remedieſ againſt euill, aſ there are cuilſ in the world . Forthe dulnefle of thiſ Serpentſ ſight, and flowneſ of her pace, doth keepe her from many miſchiefeſ.. Theſe propertieſ are thuſ expreſſed by Mirander, Formidabile ciicorpuſ, tardumg, volumen, Quandoquidem tranſuerſa via eſtprolixa ct;:, ventriſ Spira, veternoſig ninere videntur ocelli. At ſinml ac facili forte abſernarit aure Vel minimum ſtrepitum, ſogneſ t corpore ſomnoſ Excutit,cy terctem ſimwat r90x afperatraitum, 30 '* Horrendumi, caput, PctrrefZactffi;ct, peitora tollit. In Engliſhithuſ ; f Thiſ feared Aſþe hath low and winding pace, When.aſ her way, on belly ſhe dothtranerſe, Her eyeſ ſbrunke in hey head winking, appeare in face, Till that ſome noyſe her watehfull eare doth raniſh, Then ſleepe ſhak't off, round iſ her body gathered, With dreadfull bead, on mounted necke vp lifted; The voyce of the Aſpec iſ hiſſing, like all other Serpentſ, and ſeldome iſ it heard to vt= tet any voyce or ſound at all, except when ſhe iſ endangered, or ready to ſetvpon here— 4 nemy. W hereupon ſaith Micapder 5 Grane ſibilat ipſa Bzſtia, dum certam vomit ira concita mortem, , In Engliſh thuſ; . Thiſ beaſt doth hiſſe, with great and lowdeſt breath, When in her moode ſbe threateneth certaine deathſ That place of Dawid p/alme. $8. which iſ vulgarly read, a death Adder , iſ more trucly rranſlated A deafe Aſpe, which when ſhe iſ elȝchan ted, to auoyde the vO)ECf of dth; to Chatmer, ſhe ſtoppeth one ofher eareſ with her raile, actnd the other ſhe [}_Old'-ſik h bar © lſiq the earth : And of thiſ incantation thuſ writeth Vipcentinſ Be//@tmſi!. Virtute quorunda verborumincantatum aſþiſ ne venendointerinat,vel ut qajdam dicunt ut qmeml :jff;\fſaſtſſz(, C& gommade fronte cinſ auferri) quenaturaliter in co naſcitur , that iſ to ſayſ, The ſPſi li enchanted by vertuc of certaine vyordſ, ſo aſ ſhe cannot kill with [_mſ poy 'On}; or ';15 orr.1.1 ſay,bc taken quicrly without reſiſtance,and ſo the Gemme or pPretionſ ſtone be taken ou: of Gillu, T he Hiſtoxy of Serpentſ. offier forchead, which naturally groweth therein. And from the wordeſ of the Pſalme a., forcſaid, not onely the certaintic and effeQuall vſe of charming iſ gatheted by Pierinſ,but alſo by many iuſtified in the caſe of Serpentſ. VW hereof I have already given mine opini— on in the former generall Treatiſe,vnoto the which I will onely adde thuſ much in concly, ſion, which I haue found in a certaine vnnamed Authour ; Dewoneſ diſcurruant cum: ver, biſ ad ſerpenteſ, &r infectione interiori hoc faciunt, vt — ſerpenteſ ad nutum corum moncantur, aſ ſine leſione trait abileſ exhibeantur : VV hich iſ thuſ much in effed 5 Deuilſ runne yp x downe with wordſ of enchauntment to Serpentſ, and by an inward or ſecrete infection, they bring to paſſe that the Serpentſ diſpoſe theſclueſ aftet their pleaſure, and ſo are hand. led without all harme. And indeed, that it may appeate to be manifeſt that thiſ incant,. tion of Serpentſ iſ from the dcuill, and not from God, thiſ onely may ſuffice any teaſo. nableman : becauſe the Pſalmiſt plainely expreſſeth,chat the ſerpent ſhiſteth it o & auoi. . _ deth Pevitiſſimoſ muſiitantium incantationeſ, the moſt Skilfull Charmerſ. Now ifitcame from the vareſiſtable power of almighty God, it ſhould paſſe the reſiſtance of them or de., uillſ ; but beeing a fallacic of the devill, the ſerpent (wiſer in thiſ poynt then men that be— lecuc it) caſily turneth tayle againſt it : and in thiſ thing we may learne to be wiſe aſ Ser. , pentſ, againſt the inchaunting temptationſ of the deuill or men, which would beguileyſ with ſhadoweſ of wordſ and promiſeſ, of no valuable pleaſureſ. If we may belicue Pliny, Eliannſ, and Philarchuſ, the Egyptianſ lited familiarly yyith Aſpeſ, and with continued kindneſ wanne them to be tame. For indeede among other partſ of thcirſauage beaſtlineſ,they worſhipped Aſpeſ cuen aſ houſheld Godſ,by meaneſ whereof the ſubtill ſerpent grewe to a ſenſible conceit of hiſ owne honour and freedome, and therefore would walke vp and downe and play with their children, doing no harme, except they were wronged, and would come and licke meate from the table , when they were called by a certaine{ſignificant noyſe,made by knacking of the fingerſ.For the gueſtſ after theyr dinner, would mixe together hony, wine, and meale, and then gine the ſignc, at the hearing whereof they would all of them come foorth of their holeſ ; and creeping vp, or lifting their headſ to the table, leauing their lower partſ on the ground,there licked they the ſaid prepared meate; in greattemperance by little & little without any raucning, and then afterward departed when they were filled.. And ſo great iſ the reuerence they beare to Aſpeſ, that if any in the houſe haue neede to xiſe in the night time out of theyr bedſ, they firſt of all yine out the ſigne or token, leaſt they ſhould harme the Aſpe, and o prouoke it againft them : at the hearing whereofall the Aſpeſ get them to their holeſ and lodgingſ, till the perſon ſtirring be layd againe in hiſ bed. Thec holy kind of Aſpeſ, they call Thermuſiſ, and thiſ iſ vſed and fedde in all theit tem—» pleſ of 7/ſ with the fat of Oxen or Kine,\ Once in the yeere they.crowne with them the Tmage of 7%ſ, and they ſay that thiſ kind iſ not an encmy.to men, except to ſuch aſ are ve» ty cuill, whereypon it iſ death to kill one of them willingly, . It iſ reported of a certaine Gardiner making a ditch or trench in hiſ Vineyarde, by chaunce and ignorantly, he ſet hiſ ſpade vpon one of theſe Therpei//ſ Aſpeſ , and fo cut it aſunder, and when he turnd vp the carth, he found the hinder—part dead, and the fore—part bleeding and ſtirring : at which ſight hiſ ſuperſtitiouſ hare ouercome with a vaine feate, became ſo paſionately diſtreſſed, that he fell into a vchement and lamentable frenzic. So aſ all the day time he waſ not hiſ owne man, and in the night, in hiſ madde fitſ leapt out of hiſ bed,crying out with pittifull & eager complaint,chat the Alpedid bite him,the Aſpe did wound him, and that hee ſaw the pi&ute ofthe ſaid aſpe (by him formerly ſlaine) fol— lowing him, and teating hiſ fleſh, & therefore moſt inſtantly craued helpe againſt it, ay— ing ſtill he pertiſhed by it,, he waſ mortally wounded. And when he had now (ſaith Elic— muſ) continued a while in thiſ ſuperſtitiouſ fury and diſeaſe of the mind, hiſ kKindied & ac— quaintance brought him into the houſe of Serapiſ , making requeſt vnto that fained ,GOd to remoue out of hiſ ſight that ſpeare and appariſion ; and ſo he waſ releaſed; cuted, and reſtored to hiſ right mind. in Thiſ kind of Aſpe they alſo ſay iſ immortall and neuer dyeth, and befideſ,it 13 a retien— 1Q 30 40 ſſSG ger of ſactiledge, aſ may appeare by ſuch another hiſtory in the ſame place. There waſ 4 . £crtainc Indian Peacock ſent to the King of Egypt, which for the goodly proportion and 3 P E 4 o Sievithe 2 5 Of the eAJpeſ 89 frauire thereof, the King out Qſ hiſ denuotion conſecrated to fuptſitſier; And waſ kept in the Temple. Now there waſ (Githhee) a cerraine young man which ſet more by hiſ belly, then by hiſ G O D, which fell into a great longing for to eate.of the ſaid Peacocke : and therefore to atrainc hiſ appetite, he bribed one of the Officerſ ofthe Temple with a good ſummec of Money to ſteale the ſayd Peacocke, and bring it to him aliue or dead. The'ce; uctouſ wretch cnraged with the defire of the Money, ſought hiſ opportunity to ſteale aſ way the Peacock, aud one day came to the place wherc he thought & knew it waſ kept; but when he came, he ſawy nothing but an Aſpein the place thercof , and ſo in great feare leaped back to ſaue hiſ life, and afterward diſcloſed the whole matter. Thuſ far AeZianm:' r0 The domeſticalAſpeſ vnderſtand rightand wrong, and therefore Philepthuſ telleth a ftory of ſuch an Aſpe which waſ a Female, and had young oneſ : in her abſence one of het young oneſ killecd a childe;in the Houſe: VW hen the old one came againvaccording to her cuſtome to ſeeke her mecate; the killed child waſ layed forth, and ſo ſhe vnderſtood the harme : Then went ſhe and killed that young orie,; and neuer more appeared in that houſe.. It iſ alſoteported, that there waſ an Adſpe that fell in loue with a litcle Boy that keptGeeſe in the prouince of Eg3p#, called Hezey//a , whoſclone to the ſaide Boy waſ ſo i#F/ani@ fexuent, that the Male of the ſaide Aſpe grew iealouſ thereof.. VV hercuppon.one day aſ he lay aflecp, ſet vpoſu him to kill him, but the other ſceing the dariger of herJoue,awaked and delinered himſ — f 91 v— 10 Thete iſ much and ofteri merition made of Aſpeſ in holy Seripture, beſide the forena= med place, P/2/. 58, aſ in E/ay. 5 9 the Ieweſ are compared to Aſpeſ,and theirlaboutſ to Spiderſ webſ. And Eſ@: 11, The ſucking childeſhallplay vpon the hole of the Afpe, VV hierc= ypo#nalearned man thaſ writeth: Lnfena@g, ex hominibuſ occulto veneno ad vocendum re— ferti ſunt , ſubregno Chriſti mutato ingenio fore vel pucriſ innoxioſ : that iſ ; wholocuerby ſecrer poyſon of nature 'are apt to do harme to other inthe kingdome of Chriſt : their naſ ture ſhall be (o changed,that they ſhall not harmſucklingſ; not able to diſcouct the.Great iſ the ſubtilty and fore—knowledge of Aſpeſ, aſ may appeare by that , in p/a/o58: agaynſt the Charmerſ voyce. Alſo it iſ ſtrange, that all the 4ſpeſ of Az/yſ doe thirty dayeſ before the floud remoue themſelueſ and their young oneſ into the Mouritaineſ, and thiſ iſ done yearely , once at theleaſt, if not more often, & They ſort themſelueſ by coupleſ, and do ling aſ it were in martiage , Mal: and Female, ſo that their ſence, affeSion, and compaſſion, iſ one and the ſime : for if it happen that one of th=m be killed, they follow the perſon eagerly, and will finde hirn ofit; euen in the middeſt of many of hiſ fellovveſ :, that iſ, if the killer be a beaſt , they willknow him aſ mong beaſteſ of the ſame kind : And ifhe be aman; they wilbalſo finde him out among men : and if he be let alone, he will not among thouſandeſ harme any but heec : breakin thorough all difficulticſ (except Wiater, )and iſ hindered by nothing elſe, except by ſvviſt P/Wi flying away . Wece haue ſhewed already, how the Pſillianſin Aſia, caſt their Children newly boriie to Serpentſ,becauſeifthey be ofthe ri%ht ſcede and kindred to their Father, go no Serpent will hunt them, but if they be Baſtardſ' 0 anotherrace, the Serpenteſ denour . 3 themſ Theſe Serpentſ are to be vnderſtood to be Aſpcſ. Aſpeſ alſo we haue ſhewed were $#4@: deſtroyed by the Argole, which Alexander brought from Argſſ to Alexandria,and thereſ fore thole are to be reckoned their enemiceſ . Shadoweſ docalſo feare away and tertifice Aſpcſ, aſ Sencea wiiteth. But there iſ nor more mortall hatredor deadly warre betwixt aſ ny ,then betwixt the Zohnenmon and the Aſpei VV hen the 2chvenmen hath eſpied an aſpe, ſhe firſt gocth and calleth her felloweſ to helpe.her., then they all before they enterfight do yvvallow their bodicſ in ſlime, or wet themſelueſ, and then wallow in the ſand, ſo harſ neſſing, and aſ it were arming their ſkinneſ againſt the ccechb of their cnemy; ; and ſo when they finde themſelueſ ſtrong enough, they ſet vpon her, briſtling yp their tayleſ firſt of all; go and turning them to the Serpenttill the Aſpe bite atnthem,and themſodenly eare thc;Aſpc can recouer,with ſinguler celerity they fly to her chapſ and teare her in picceſ,but the vicſ tory of thiſ combat reſteth in anticipation, for ifthe Aſpe firſtbite the Ic/zewmon, then iſ he oncrcome, but if the Zehwemmop firſt lay hold on/the Aſpc, then iſ the Aſpc oucreomeſ; Thiſ hatred and coatentioa iſ thuſ deſcribed by Ngeander 3 . | => oriun '; | , 60 Textor, eAliann, EMercuriall, /etinſ, T he Hiſtorie of 8 erþentſ, Soluſ cam potiſ eSt Ichneumon vincere peſtem; V V Cum grane cantuſ ei bellum parat, editag, ouſ, Que fouct in multorum hominum inſuperabile lethit, 10 Ommiafractaterit, mordaced, dente laceſſit. T hat iſ to ſay ; : "*" Ichneamon onely iſ of frength, that peſito onergquell, Gainſt whom in warie wiſe hiſ warre he doth prepare,, Her eggeſ, a deadly death to many men, in fand he doth out ſmelt, To breake them ablwithin hiſ teeth, thiſ nimble beaſt doth dare. iſ ©©—Pliny; Cardan, and Conſtantine afirme, that the Hearbe A7#»,and the roote of W in. iterberry,doſo aſtoniſh Aſpeſ , that their preſence layeth them in a deadly ſleepe : And thuſ much of their concord with other creatureſ. 35 Galen wiiteth, that the Mar//amſ doe eatc Aſpþeſ withoutr all harme, although aſ Mercy. riall ſiyth, their whole fieſh and body iſ fo venomouſ , and ſo repleate with poyſon, that Stneuer entrethiinto medicine, or iſ applyed to ſicke or ſound vpon any Phyſicall qualifi— *cation : the reaſon of thiſ iſ ginen by himſelfeand Frace/ferinſ, to be cither,becauſe ſfeſ vnder their Climate or Region are not venomonſ at all , aſ in other Countrieſ, neither "Viperſ norSerpentſ ate venomouſ: or elle becauſe thoſe people haue a kind of ſimpathy 20 @nniarurewith them, by feaſon whereof, they can receine no poyſon from them., ©i T he poyſon of Aſpeſ ſaitl Moſeſ, Dent. 32 . iſ cradele venenum, a crucll poyſon, and Job . 20. Gapſ expreſſing the wicked manſ delight in euill, ſayth : Thatſ he ſhall ſucke the pri— yorof Aſþeſ 7 Fo: which cauſe aſ we hane ſhewed already, the harme of thiſ iſ not eaſily Apd memberſ draw theit poyſoned harmeſ, I Trending the way of deathſ ſound ſlecpe. " We redad ilſo ofcſſerſitſiaiinc Mountebankeſ, arid cunning Iuglerſ in Italy, called Ciyculſ— tore*, to periſh by their owne deuiſeſ, thorough the eating of Seirpentſ, and Aſpeſwhich 4@ * they carmiedabout in Boxeſ aſ tame, vſing them for oftentation to getr Money ,or to fell "away rheinantidoteſ. Whien pompeinſ R#fwſ waſ the great Maiſter of the Temple—workſ at Rome'therewaſa certaine circulator or Quackſiluer,to ſhew hiſ great cunning in the preſence of many other of hiſ owne trade, which ſet to hiſ arme an 4;pe, preſently he ſuc— kedout thi poyſon ontof the wound with hiſ mouth : but when he came to looke for hiſ inf And leeping dyeth, ſluggiſbly him turning | | \ E | # ' The true ſigneſ then of an Aſpeſ biting, iſ ſtupour or aſtoniſhment , heauineſſe of the head, andſlothfulneſ, wrinking the forchead, often gaping and gnavvmg,apd -'no_ddmg, bending the necke, and convulſion: but thoſe which are hurt by'the Ptyaſ, hane blindneſ; Paine at the bart, deafeneſſe,and ſwelling of the face. And the figneſ ofſucha3are hurt by the Chiatidonian or Cherſraſ Aſpe, &the Terreſtrian aceallone,or of vety hchgdȝffeþcncc,- except that I'may adde the Crampe, and the often beating of the pulſe, &rfrigiditie ofthe memberſ or partſ,; or paine in the ſtomack, but all of them in gcncra_ll , deepe fleepe; ;md- ſometimeſ yomitting. But by thiſ,that the blood ofthe place by the bittemuirneth black; itiſapparantand manifeſt, that the poyſon of the Aſpe mortifieth or killeth thenaturall heate, twhich iſ ouercome by the heate of the poyſon outwardly » & the darkneſ or blindſ 50 nefleofthe eyeſ, procccchf\ of certaine vapoutrſ which are infc{tcd, andſi_aſteqd ypto thcſſ diſturbance of the braine : and when the humoutrſare troubledin the ftomatke; then fol:-- oweth vomitingy ot elſe the crampe,; and ſometimeſ a looſnefſe vyhcn thc.-[qȝuc'kkiſſ_sſi :m: e drawen in by'the venomouſ byting, or the infedted humourſ falling downeintothein® $—2,4,5 thalſ, To conclude, ſo great iſ the tabificall effed of thiſ poyſon of Aſpeſ; -"fih?_\l-_llſiſilLWOUct thily accounted the oreateſtvenom, and moſt dangerouſ of all other : for Aclimnſ ſayth,) mf ſ fſ.—"—cÞ Ee ! SSQ Serpen— Galenteſ, Dioſcorid, e Attnarinſ aX gineta Afercurialiſ, Daranſ e/Ctigſ ( Mercuri: a Andreaſ. The Hiſtorie of S erpentſ. Serpcntum venepuim tum peſlifernm ſit, tum manltd afpidiſ peſtilentiuſ, the poyſon of allſer— pentſ iſ peſtiforouſ, but the venom of the aſpe.moit of all. For if it touch a greene wound, it killeth ſpeedily , but an old wound receiueth tharme thereby more hardly—In Alexa»— driaſ when they would put a man to a ſuddendeath,cthey wouldfet au aſpe to' hiſ boſome or breaſt, and them—after the woundor byting, bid the partie walke vp and downe, and ſo immediatly within two or three turneſ hee would fall downedead. Yet it iſ repotted by Pling,that the poyſon of Aſpeſ drunke into the body doth no harmeat all; & yet ifaman eate ofthefleſh of any beaſtſlaine by an Aſpe, he dyeth immediarly. . + Butconcerning theicure'of ſuch aſ hane beene, or may be:churt by Aſpeſ, I willnowe entreate, notſpending any time to confute thoſe, who hauewrote that it iſ incurable : on 19 the contraty it ſhall be manifeſt, that both by Chirurgery and Medicineſ, compoundand ſimple, thiſ both hath beene & may happily be effected. Firſt it iſ neceſſary when a man iſ ſtunge orbitten by a Serpent,chat the wounded part be cut of by the hand of ſome ſkil— full Chirurgeon, or elſe the fleſhround about the wound , with the wound it ſelfe to bee circumciſed and cut with a ſharpe Raſor ; then let the horteſt burning thingeſ beapplyed, cuen the ſearing yron to the very bone. For ſo the occaſion beeing taken away from the poy{on to ſpread any further, it muſt needeſ diewithour any further damage. Then alſo the holeſ in the meane time before the' cie&ion , muſt bedrawne.,. eyther with cupping. glaſſe, or with a Reede, or with the naked rampe of a Ringdouc or Cocke ; I meane the very hole ſet vppon the bitten place. And becauſe the place iſ very narrowe and ſmall, it 20 muſtbe opened; and made wider, the blood be drawne forth by ſcarificationſ ; and then muſtſuch medicinall herbeſ Beapplyed aſ ate moſt oppoſite to poyſon, aſ Rew , and ſuch like. And/ becauſe the poyſon of Aſpeſ dothcongeale the blood in the veyneſ; therfore a— gainſt the ſame mutſt all hote! thingeſ made thinne be applyed, aſ Mithridatum & Triacle diſſolued in Aguavite, & theſame alſo diſſolued into the wound ; then muſt the patient belvſed to bathingſ, fricaſingor rubbing, and walking, with ſuch like exerciſeſ: Butwhen Gnce the wound beginucthto bepurple, greene, or blacke, it iſ a ſigne bothof theextin— guiſhment of the venome, & alſo of the ſuffocating of naturall heate,then iſnothingmore ſafe then to cut offthec member, if the partic be able to beare it. After Cupping—glaſleſ, and ſcarificationſ, there iſ nothing that can bemore profitably applyed then Centory, Myrre, 30 and Oppinm, or Sorrellafterthe manner of aplaiſter. But the body muſt be kept in dailie motion and agitation, the woundſ themſelueſ often ſearched and preſſed, and Sea—vvater yſed for ſomentation. Burterlikewiſe, Stheleaueſ of Yew, are very good to be applyed to the bytingſ of Aſpeſ. And in the Northerne Regionſ »<(aſ witneſleth Olanſ Magnuſ,) they vſe nothing but braune like a playſter, and theyr cattell they annoynt with Triaclke & ſalt all ouer the bunch or ſwelling. And thuſ much forthe Chirurgicall cure of thebiting of Aſþeſ. In the next place:»wee may alſo relate—the medicinall cure , eſpecially of ſuch thingeſ aſ are compound, andreceinued inwardly. . \ \ Firſt, after the wound, it iſ good to make the party vomit,& then afterward make him drinke inyceof Yew and Triacle, or in the default thereof, wine, aſ much of the inyceaſ 2 49 groate waight, or rather more: But for the tryall of the partieſ recoucry , give himthe powder of Centory in wine to drinke, and if he keepe the medicine, he willline, butifhe vomit or caſtitivp, he willdic thereof. But for the better auoydance & purging out ofthc digeſted venome; diſtributed into cuery part of hiſ body, give the party Garlicke beaten with Zythem, vntill he yomnit, or elſ Opponax in wine allayed with water: alſo Origan dry and greenei Aftetthe vomit, the formcr antidoticallmedicineſ may be vſed.Andthenor. therne peoplewſeno other Triacle then Venetian. VW hereaſ there are aboundance ſiof all manner of Setpentſ in the Spantſh Iſlandſ, yet neuer are any found therexto vſe Triace, neither docthey/account of it aſ of a thing any whit vertuouſ,but inſtead thereofthey vſe the bearded: Thap/i@; Gilliflowerſ, and red Violetſ, and the herbe Auazce, boyled imwine 50 Vinegar, theſharpeſt that may be gotten, & a ſound manſ vrine, whierwithall they bathe Fhc wounded patt, although much time after the hurt receined. But ſaith Amb: Parguſ, It iſmuch:betterfor the patient to drinke thercoffaſting, & before meate two howreſ; three ounceſ atatime. And by the help ofthiſ notable experiment, the Inhabitantſ of thoſe:l: landſ, arenothing afraid to offer theyr bodyeſ to be bitten by the moſtangry Aſpcſ: Ahl:: — T NHINE IQ E IAAſy rhy | 1 5 Oſ t Z?L* Q/ſſ /Z)eſſ', 62 thuſ much for comporind medicineſ in generall. . AIt iſ ide, that the firſt and chiefeſt caſic remedy for ſuch aſ are bitten by Aſpeſ, iſ to drinke ſP m"Fh of th? ſh?ſPfſi Vineger, aſ he can ſenſibly perceine and fecle the ſame vp— .; on the Fſighf _ſidc ofhiſ midrefſe, becauſe that poyſon firſt of all depriveth theliner of ſeuce. eBtinſ, For Pliny ſaith, thathee knew a man carrying a boutle of Vineger to bebittenby an Aſpe, whileſ by chauncehetrodethereypon, but aſ longaſ he bore the Vineger and did not ſet it downe,he felt no paine thereby, but aſ often aſ to eaſe himſelfe hee ſet the bottell out of hiſ hand, he felt rormerit by the poyſon, which being related to the Phiſitianſ, they knevw thereby that Vineger drunke into the ſtomacke waſ a ſoucraigne antidote againſt poyſon, 10 Yer ſomeſay, that the firſt knowledge ofthiſ vertuc in vineger , grew from the neceſſitie which a little boy bytten by'an Aſpc had of drinking , and finding no other liquour but 2 bottle of vineger, dranke thereof a full draught, and ſo waſ caſed of hiſ paine. For the rea— ſon iſ, that it hath both a tefrigeratine, and alſo adiſſipating verme, aſ may appeate when (Cor .(elſin, it iſ poured on the earth, becauſe it yeeldeth a froth; and therefore when it commeth into ſi the ſtomacke, it diſperſeth all the infeSed humourſ. — The Northerne Shepheardſ doc drinke Garlicke and ſtale Ale againſt the bytingſ of Aſpeſ. And ſome hold opinion that Anniſeede iſ an antidote forthiſ fore. Other vſe Harr. OlWſ.Mrg: wort, Apinm: ſeed, and wine. Arop being burned, hath the vertue todrive away ſerpentſ, andtherefore becing drunke with oyle of Bayeſ in blacke wine, it iſ accounted very foueſ 22 raigne againſt the bytingſ of Aſpeſ. The fruite of Balſame, with a litrle powder of Genti— an in vyine, or the inyce of Mynt3, keepeth the ſtomacke from the Crampe after a man iſ bytten by an Aſpc. Other gine Ca/fereum, with Lignum Caſſiz, and fome the ſkinne of a Sterkeſ ſtomacke or mawe. There be cettaine little filthy and corrupt wormeſ bred in rotten wood or paper, called Cimiceſ,theſe are very profirable againſt poyſon of Aſpeſ, or any other venomouſ byting beaſt; and therefore it iſ ſaid that Henneſ & other pullen, do carneſtly ſecke after theſe wormeſ, and that the fleſh of ſuch fowle aſ hawe caten there06 iſ alſo profitable for the ſame purpoſe. Athaneuſ alſo writeth, how—certaine thieueſ were condemned to be caſt to ſerpentſ to be deftroyed, now the morning before they came forth, they had given them to eate Cy= 32 tromſ ; when they were brought to the place of execution, there were Aſpeſ put forth vaſ to them, who byt them, and yet did not harme them, The next day , it becing ſuſpected; the Prince commaunded to gine one ofthem a Citron, and the other none, ſo when they were brought forth againe the Aſpeſ fell on them, and flew them that had not eaten Cyſ tron, but the other had no hamne at all. The Egyptian Clematiſ or Periwinke drunke in vineger, iſ very good againſt the poyſon of Aſpeſ ; ſo likewiſe iſ Corrall in W ine, or the leaueſ of Yew. Henbane bruſed with the leaueſ thereof, and alſo bitter Hoppeſ haue tþc ſame operation. The vrine 0 fa Tortcyſedrunke, iſa medicineagainſtall bytingſ of W{Id beaſtſ, and the vrine of a man hurt by an Aſþe : aſ Marcuſ Varre affirmed in the eyghticſ ninth yeereof hiſ age, according to the obſeruation:of Serenwſ ſaying ; | ) Plin}, Orpheng 49 0 etage, e — , — . Sivero horrendum vulnuſferafecerit aſþiſ _ a rrogatath Frinam credunt propriam conducere potn: | Varroniſ fuit iſtaſeniſ ſententia,nec nom incoanlt 7 . Plhiniuſ vt memorat ſumptiinwat imber acttie + uW hich may beengliſhed :thuſ ; T od Vut Rat ; If that an Aſpc a mortall wound doe bite, , 47 7 JIt'ſ thought hiſ vrine welldoth cure againe, NC Ee + Such waſ the [aying of old Varro hight, And Pliny to, drinke vineger like dropſ of raine, 39 E { NSDDASIT _But it iſ more/afe to agree with P/igy in the preſcription of manſ vrine , to Eef}ralſinc it to them that neuer had any beardſ. Andmore particularly againſt \hctcſiAſpc called Ptyſu, & AMatthioluſ out of Dieſcorideſ ſaith, that the quinteſſence of Agme v/te, and the Vſll:a cli ſi?ſi tidote both mixed together and drunke, iſ moſtpowerful againſt the venomſ of the deafe Aſpe. And thuſ much for the antipathy & cure of Aſpeſ byting venomouſ nature, V:I:Ctl; + | er yt . SMC2—2 — — G Z' E. ſſ V' ] 3 D: Bonhamn hiſ diſcourſe of Becſ, waſpſ and Droneſ. Nameſ, The Hiſtorie of Serpentſ. woto I will adde for 2 concluſion, that proucrbicall ſpeecch, of one Aſpe borrowing poy= ſon of anothet, out of Tertw/liap againſt the Hereticke Marciey, who gathereth many of hiſ abſurd impictieſ from the vnbelecuing Teweſ. Deſſma? nuac hereticnſ 4 Iudeeo aſþiſ quod aiynt 4 vipera mutuari venenum, that iſ, letthe hareticke now ceaſe to borrow hiſ yenom of a Iew, aſ the Aſpeſ doc bortow their poyſon from Viperſ. And truc it iſ,that thiſ pro— uerbe hach eſpeciall vſe, when one bad man iſ holpe or counſelled by another ; and there. fore when Diggeneſ ſaw a company of women talking together, hee ſaid merrily vnto the, Aſpiſ par echidneſ pharmacon dancizetai, that iſ, the Aſpe borroweth venom of the Viper. Thuſ much of the Aſpe. I 32 Of the Deſcription and differenceſ of . _ B EE S. 36 FHLD \Mongſtall the fortſ of venomouſ Inſeectſ , (or cur—waſted crea— 2 FDNE twI rureſ) the ſoucraigntic and preheminence iſ duc to the Beeſ, who onely of all otherſ of thiſkinde , are made for the nouriſhment of mankind, al! other (cut—waſted) ſcruing onely for medicinall vſe, 49 the delight of the eyeſ, deleCation of the eareſ, & the ornament, trimming, and ſetting forch ofthe body, which they performe at the full. They are called of the Hebreweſ, Deborah. T he Atabi— FFFL — 3 anſ terme them, A/baz4, Nahalea, and Zabar. The Illiriazlsanf_i Sciauonianſ, Wezi//a. The Italianſ, A]ze,aizi, vna ſticha , meſcatella, ape or ſceppa, pecchi. The Spanyardſ, Abeiz, Frenchmen, Monſcheſ aw miel. The Germaineſ, Eem ymbe, aptÞ. The Flemmingſ, zie. The Polonianſ, perxo#ſ. The Itiſhmen, Cappily. In W aleſ a Bee iſ called Gweniv. Amongſt the Grzecianſ they haue purchaſed ſundry nameſ, according to the diverſitie of Nationſ, countrieſ and placeſ, but the moſt vulgar name iſ Me/i//a, & in Heſroduſ, Melic. Otherſome call a Bee Plaſ?iſ, 4 fingendo, of framing. Some againe, d— $® thedon : and of their colour,Z 42thai. Of their officeſ and charge, Egemoneſ, db imperando, from goucrning. Sireeſ, a ſwam cantu, from their ſweet voyce. The Latineſ call them by one generall name, Apiſ and Apeſ. Varre (ometimeſ termeſ them Aweſ , but very imp10— erly, for they might better be named Faluereſ, not Aueſ. So much for their nameſ, OW to the definition, ® 3 t3 HETCETION! 7 " ABce v& Of the Bee. 6y ABee iſ a cur—waſted lining creature, that can flyc, hauing foure wingeſ, and blo{idleſ, Apem @Afuitio the onely Craftſ—maſter of Hony—making. Thieir cicſ are ſomiewhat of a hornyſubſtance; hid deep in their bodieſ, aſ iſ allo their ſting: they want neither toong nor teeth;they havie Deſcriprien 4. wingſ, being of a bright and cleare colour, growing to their ſhoulder—bladeſ, whereof *"*#" ?*®: the two hiu'dcſirmoſt are the lefſer, becauſe they might not hinder their flying : and out of zhcx\r ſhort feet or_ſtprctnps,thcrc grow foth aſ it were two fingerſ,wherein they carry a lic. tle ſtone, for the peizing and making weighty their ſmall bodicſ in ſtormy; tempeſtuouſ, bluſtering, or troubleſome weather, for feare leaſt they might be driven from theit houſe and bome,by the contraty rage and violence ofthe windſ: They do not breath(by plinieſ No reſpirari— 10 goodleauc)but either pant, mone,; or ſtirre (aſ the hart or braine doth)and by tranſpirati— $015 kſ on they are comforted;vefrethed,and made linely. Their ſtomack iſ contexed and framed of the thinneſt part of all their memberſ; wherein they not onely retaine, and ſafely keepe their Honny dew which they haue gathered; but alſo digeſt, purific , and clenſe it, which iſ the true and onely reaſon, why the Honny of Becſ iſ longer kept pureand fine; thena— ny Manna or Mcldew, or rather it iſ not atall ſubie& to corruption. Beeſ cuen by nature aremuch different ; for ſome are more domeſticall and tame, and Differenceſ of otherſ againe are altogether wilde; vplandiſh, and agreſtiall. Thoſe former are much de— ?;fect.ſioſimct lighted with the familiar friendſhip 5 cuſtorne.and company of men, but theſe can in no wiſe brook or endure them,butrather keep their trade of hony—making in old treeſ, caueſ, 40 holeſ, and in the ruderſ, and rubbiſh of old walſ and houſeſ. Oftame Beeſ againe, ſome ofthemliue in pleaſant and delightfull Gardenſ, and abounding with all ſweet ſenting & odoriferouſ plantſ and hearbſ, and theſe are great,ſoft, fat; and big=bellied.Otherſ again;, there be of them that line in towneſ and villageſ, whoſe ſtudy and labour iſ to gather ho: ny from ſuch plantſ aſ come next to hand, and which grow farther ofand theſe are leſſer in proportion of body, rough and more vnpleaſant in handling ; but in labout, induſtriey witte and cunning, far ſurpaſſing the formet. Ofbothſortſ of theſc, ſome haue ſtingſ(aſ alltrue Beeſ hauc ; ) otherſ againe are without a ſting, aſ counterfeit and baſtardly Becſ, which (euen like the idle, ſluggiſh, lyther,and rauenouſ cloyſtered Monkeſ, thrice worſe then thecueſ) you ſhall ſee to be more gorbellied, have larger throatſ, and bigger bodieſ, o yet neither excellent or markable, either for any good behauiour and conditionſ,or giftſ' of the mind. Men call theſe vnprofitable cattle,and goodfor nothing, zwcz, that iſ drozieſſ cither becauſe they would ſcem to be labouterſ, when indecd they are not : or becauſe that vnder the colour and pretence of labour(for you ſhall ſometimeſhaue them to catty wax, and to be very buſic in forming andmaking hony—combeſ,) they may cate vp all the ho— ny. Theſe Droneſ are of a more blackiſh colout,ſomewhat ſhining, and are eaſily knowne by the greatneſſe of their bodieſ. Beſideſ ſome Becſ are deſcended of the kingly race, and borne of the bloud Royall : whereof Ari#0#le maketh two ſortſ : a yellow kind, which iſ the more noble, and the blacke; garnithed with dinerſ colourſ . Some make three Kingſ; differing in colour, aſ black, red, and diuerſ coloured. Meweczateſ ſaith,that thoſe who'are of ſundry colourſ are the worſer,but in caſe they haue diuerſityof colour with ſome black _ . . neſ,they are eſtecmed the better.He that iſ elected Monarch C2/27,and captainfe generall oDſecZ:Klſir?: of the whole ſwarme, iſ euer of a tall, perſonable, and heroycallſtature,bein gitwice fo high & aſ the reſt, hiſ wingſ ſhorter, hiſ legſ ſbreight, brawny, and ſtrong, hiſ gate, pace, & man— ner of walking iſ morſ lofty, ſtately and vpright, of a venerable countenance, and in hiſ . forchead there iſ a certaine tred ſpot or mark with a Diadem, for he far differeth from the Digrerenceſ in populer and inferiour ſort in hiſ comclineſſe, beauty, and honor . The Prince of philo/o: regardoffexſ pherſ confoundeth the ſexe of Beeſ, but the greateſtcompany of learned Writerſ dq diz ſtinguiſh them: whereof they make the feminine ſort to be the preater. Otherſ againe will haue them the leſſer, with a ſting: but the ſounder ſort(in my iundgment)will neither know nor acknowledge any other maleſ, beſideſ their Dukeſ and princeſ,whoare more ;_zb}c & $9 handſome, greater and ſtronger then any of the reſt, who ſtay ener at home,and very ſcl— dome (ynlefſe with the whole Swarme)they ſtir out of dooreſ,aſ thoſe whom Battire hadſſ pointed out to be the fitteſt to be ſtander—bearerſ, and to carry ancientſ in the camp ofveſ m#ſ ,and euer to be ready at the elboweſ of thcirloueſ to do themright:Experience teach ing vſ, that theſe do ſit on eggeſ, and after the manner of birdeſ; do carefully cheriſh and makemuch of their young, after the thin membran or ſkin wh';xſſ'exn they are encloſed iſ tokep.—" G3. : Th? Ofage. The differece of the forme ofBeeſ, ac— cording to the place. TBeeſ of Ame— fica, The goitern= ment of beeſ. The EIiſtory of Serpentſ. Thedifference oftheit age iſ knovvne by the forme, ſtate, and habite of their bodieſ. For the young Beeſ haue very thinne and trembling wingeſ,but they that are a yearcold, aſ they that are two or three yeareſ of ageare yery trimme,gay;bright—ſhining, and in ve. ry good plight and liking, of the colour of Oyle— But thoſe that haue reached to ſeauen yeareſ , haue layed away all their Aarneſſe anſii ſmoothneſſe, neither can any man afterwardſ,either by the figure and quality of theit bo= . dieſ or ſkinneſ , indge or diſcerne certainely their age (aſ wee ſay by experience in Hor— ſeſ : ) For the elder ſort of them are rough, hard, thinne andleane ſcraggeſ , ſtaruelingeſ, lothſome to touch and to looke vpon, (%mewha: long, nothing but ſkinne and bone, yet very notoriouſ and goodly tooſee to, in regard of their grauity, hoareneſ and aunciency, Butaſ they be in forme and ſhape, nothing ſo excellent, ſo yet in experience and induſtrie they farre ourſtrippe the younger ſort, aſ thoſe whom time hath made more learned; and length of dayeſ loyned with vſe, hath ſufficiently inſtructed and brought vp in the Artor tradeof hony—making. T he place likewiſe altereth one whileſ their forme,and ſomctimeſ againe theit riature, (aſ their ſexe and age do. both ..) For in the Iſlandſ of Afplaveſ , there be Beeſ very like to winged Piſimireſ, but ſomewhat leſſer then the greater Beeſ, aſ Maximilian Tranſiluanaſ, in an Epiſtle of biſ, written to the Byſhop of Salſpurge, atlarge relateth it. Apdrew Thewer in hiſ Bookethat he wrote of the new—found W orld, Cap. 51. amongſt other marterſ re. porteth that he did ſce a company of Flieſ or Hony—beeſ about a tree named Vhebehaſi, which then waſ greene, with the which theſe Hony—beeſ do live and noutiſh themſelueſ ; of the which treeſ there were a great number in a hole that waſ in the tree, wherein they made Hony and Waxe . There iſ two kindeſ of the Hony—beeſ,one kind are aſ great aſ ourſ, the which commeth not onely but of good ſmelling flowerſ, alſo their Hony iſ ve— ry good, but their Waxe not ſo yellow aſ outrſ . There iſ another kinde halfe ſo great aſ the otherſ : their hony iſ better then the otherſ,;and the wilde men name them F%A.They linenot with the otherſ food, which to my indgment maketh their V Vaxe to be aſ black aſ.coaleſ, and they make great plenty, ſpecially neare to the River 2aſ/eſ , and of Plate, The Beecſ called Cha/coideſ, which are of the colour of Braſie, and ſomewharlong, which are ſaid to liue in the Iſland of Czez@ are implacable, great fighterſ and quarrellerſ, excel— ling all otherſ in their ſtingeſ, and more cruell then any otherſ, ſo that with their ſtingeſ they have chaſed the inhabitantſ out of their Cittieſ ; the remainder of which Beeſ dore— maine and make their hony—combſ (aſ Aeliapmſ ſaith) in the Mountaine 2d/ſ, T huſ much of the differenceſ of Beeſ, now it remaineth to diſcourſe of the Politike, Ethicall, and oc— conomicke verrueſ and propertieſ of them. t Becſare gouerned and doe line vnder a Monarchy , and not vnder a tyrannicall ſtate, admitting and'receining their King, not by ſucceſſion or caſting of lotſ, but by reſpective aduiſe, conſiderate indgement,and prudent election ; and although they willingly ſubmit their neckeſ vnder a kingly goucrnment, yet notwithſtanding they ſtill keepe their anci— ent liberrieſ and priuiledgeſ, becauſe of a certaine prerogatiue they maintaine in giving their voyceſ and opinionſ, and their King being deeply bound to them by an oath, they exceedingly honor and louc. TheKing aſ he iſ of a more eminent ſtature, and goodly corporature (aſ before wet haue touched) then the reſt : ſo likewiſe (which iſ ſingular in a King)he excelleth in mild— neſſe and temperateneſſc of behauiour . For he hath a ſting, but maketh it not an inſtru— » ment of reuenge, which iſ the cauſe that many baue thougbt,their king neuerto have had any . For theſe are thelayyeſ of Nature, not written with Letrerſ , but euen imprinte and engrauen intheyr conditionſ and mannerſ : and they are very flovy to puniſh offen— derſ , becauſe they haue the greateft and Soneraigne povver in their handſ. And although they ſceme to bee ſlacke in reuvenging and puniſhing private iniurieſ , yet for all that they never ſuffer rebelliouſ perſonſ, refrad&oriouſ, obſtinate, and ſuch aſ will not bee tuled, to eſcape without puriſhment, but vvith their pricking ſtingeſ they greeuouſly wound and torment, ſo diſpatching them quickly . T hey are ſo ſtudiouſ of peace, that neither vvil— lingly nor vnvvillingly they vvill gine ary cauſe of offence or diſpleaſure . V Vho there— fore vyould not greatly be diſpleaſed vvith, and hate extreamely thoſe Dignpſiam T y:rM!tſ in o a> 49 50 Of the Bee. in 5 ici[ict_ 5 Clearchuſ in Heracleſa , and Apollodoruſ the Theefe, Piclet and ſpoſiyicr ofthc Caſſandrineſ? And vvho would not deteſt the vn gratiouſneſ of thoſe levyd clavy—backeſ; and Trencher—paraſiteſ, andflattererſ of Kingeſ , vvhich dare impuden tly maintaine, that a Monarchy iſ nothing elſe but a certaimme way and rule for the accompliſhing of the will, in vſing their authowrity aſ they liſt, and a ſcience or Skilfull trade, to haue wherewith to liue pleaſaurly in all ſenſualtand worldly pleaſure : which ought to be far from a good Prince, who whileſt he would ſeem to be a man, he ſhew himſelfe to be farre worſer then . theſc little poore—winged—creatureſ. And aſ their order and courſe oflife iſ farre different from the vulgar ſort, (o allo iſ their byrth ; for they ofthe kingly race are notborne after 16 themanner of a little Worme, aſ all the comminalty are, but iſ Z;rchwich winged, and aſ mongſt all hiſ younglingſ ,if he find any one ofhiſ ſonſ to be either afoole,vnhandſome, that none canitake pleaſurein,rupged,rough,ſoone angty,fumiſh or too teaſtie,il ſbaped, not beautifull or Gentlemanlike, him by a common conſent, and by a Parliamentary au— thority they deſtroy, for feateleaſt the whole Swarme ſhould bee diuided and diſtraded into many mindeſ, and ſo at length the Subieeeſ vndone by factionſ, and banding into arteſ. The King preſcribeth laweſ and orderſ to all the reſt, and appointech them their ruleſ and meaſureſ : for ſome he ſtraightly chargeth and commaundeth, (aſ they tender hiſfa— uour, and will an0yde hiſ diſpleaſure) to fetch and prouide water for the whole Campe. 20 He enioyneth otherſ to make the Hony—combeſ, to build, to garniſh and trimme vp the houſe well and cleancly, to finiſh perfealy the worke, to find and allew, to promote and ſhew otherſ what to doe . Some he ſendeth forth to ſeeke theyr living., but being vvorne with yeateſ, they are maintained of the common ſtocke at home. The younger and ſtron— ger being appointed to labout, and take theyr turneſ aſ they fall : And although (being. aKing) he be diſcharged and exempt from any mechanicall buſineſſe , yet for all that, in caſeof neceſſity he will buckle himſelfe to hiſ taſke, nener at any time taking the fielde or ayte abroad, but either for hiſ healthſ ſake,or when he cannot otherwiſe chuſe, by meanſ of ſomevrgent buſineſſe . If inreſped& of hiſ yeareſ he be Inſty and ſtrong, then like a no— ble Captaine hee marcheth before hiſ whole winged—army, expoſing himſelfe firſt to all 30 perilſ, neither with hiſ good will, will he becarryed of hiſ Souldierſ vnleſſe he be weari— ed and yveakened by meaneſ ofcrooked age,or maiſtered and cleane put out of heart by any violent ſickneſſe, ſo that he can neither ſtand on hiſ Leggeſ nor fly. When nightap— procheth, the ſigne and token being givien by hiſ Honny—pipe, or Corncet, (ifyou will ſo call it)a generall proclamation iſ made through the whole Hiue, that eucry one ſhall be— take himſelfe to reſt, ſo the watch beeing appointed, and all thingeſ ſet in order , they all make theſelueſ ready and go to bed.So long aſ the King lineth,ſo long the whole ſvvarm enioy the benefit of peace, leading their liveſ vyithout any diſquicting, diſturbance, vex— ation,or feare of feuture warſ. For the droneſ do vvillingly contain theſclueſ in their own celleſ, the elder lining contented with their ovyne homeſ, and the younger not daring for 40 their eareſ to breake into their father Landſ, or to make any inrodeſ orinuafion into the houſeſ of their predeceſſourſ . The King keepeth hiſ Court by himſelfe, in the higheſt and largeſt part of the whole Palace, hiſ lodying being workemanlic and very cunning. ly made of a fine round or encloſure of W axe, becing thuſ aſ it were fenced and paled a. bout aſ with a defenſible wall. A little from him dwell all the Kingſ children, becing very obcdient to their parentſ becke. Their King being dead, all hiſ ſubicCtſ are in an vprore, Droneſ bring foorth their young in the celleſ of t?lc true Beeſ, allare in a hur_ly burly, all being out of ſeaſon and order. AriFole ſaith, that Bceſ haue many Kingſ, which I wonld trather tearme Vizcroyeſ or Deputiceſ, ſithence it iſ cerraine (aſ Apzigonmwſ affirmeth)chat aſ vvellthe ſwarmeſ do dye and come to naught, by hauing of many Kingeſ, aſ none at 50 all. And thuſ to haue ſpoken of good Kingſ let thiſ ſuffice. Euill Kingſ are more rough; tugged, browner, blacker, and ofmore ſundry colourſ : whoſe natureſ and diſpoſitionſ you will condemne, in reſpe& of their habite and manner of body and mind, the one and, other are theſ phyſiogn omically deſcribed by the Poct : G4. — N.zmſiſſfiſi 68 T he Hiſtoxy of Serpentſ. Namg, dua regrunſ facieſ, duo corporſ gentiſ.. Alter erit maculiſ anro Squallentibuſ ardenſ, Et rutiliſclaruſ [quamiſ, inſigneſ & ore. Fedior et altey multo, quam puluere abaito . Luum venit &r ſicco terram {þuit ore venator+ Deſidia latamgque trahenſ ingloriaſ aluum Dede neci, melior vacua ſine regniet in aulm, In Engliſh thuſ; >_ E4 g, The two afpectſ of kingly Beeſ, two nationſ do diſcloſe, One of them , Golden ſþottedred, burning with pale hew, And hawing ſcaleſ both red and cleare, and great about the noſe, "— The other filthy to behold like duſt, for it iſ true,. Which hunterſ ſþit vpon dry land, when all iſ cruſbt and preſt, — In /loth belly broad, deth trauaile worſer then the leaſ? , _ Him kill let the other raigne Alone, in empty Court, de not di{daine. Hune And thuſ hethcito haue we ſpoken of their kingeſ and Dukeſ : now will we bend ou? diſcourſe to the common ſort of Beeſ. — Beeſare neither to be accounted wilde,nor altogether calme and quicet creatureſ, but of a nature betwixt both : & of all other they are eſteemed moſtſcruiceable and profitable, Their ſting giveth both life & death to them, for being deprived of it, they ſurely die : but Hauing it, they repell all hoſtility from their ſwarmeſ . Of theſe there are none Idle, al. though they be not all Honny—makerſ, neither are the moſt ſluggiſh of them all, like vntg, the Droneſ in their inclination and mannerſ : For they do not corrupt and marre theho, nic—combeſ, neither doe they lic in waite by treachery and deccit to filtch hony, butare noutiſhed by flowerſ, and flying forth with theit felloweſ, do get their liuing with them; although ſome of them want the ſkill to make and lay vp the hony finely and ſafely, ya notwithſtanding cuery one hath hiſ proper charge and buſineſſe to vſe and practile, for 36 theſe bring water to the king, and to the older Beeſ that cannot trauaile, The elder ſortif they be of a ſtrong and robuſtiouſ conſtitution, are choſen for the gard of the kingeſ petſon, aſ the fitteſt perſonſ to be about him, in reſpe& of theirapprooued worth, faithfull dealing , and yvprightnefle of conſcience, for the ordering and diſþo— ſing of all matterſ . Some give Phyſicke to thoſe that are ſicke, by making and giuing to them a medicinall aliment ot hony ,that iſ drawne from Anniſe, Saffton, and Emacintheſ. But if any thorough age or ſicknefle chance to dye, then they whoſe office it iſ to carty forth the dcad bodieſ to burying, do forthwith flocke together, carrying the dead bodic of their brother on theit ſhoulderſ , aſ it were on a Beere, leaft the pure Honny—combeſ might be tainted with any vncleanlineſſe, ſtinke, or naſtineſſe. 4 3 Beeſ haue alſo their Ambailadoutſ and Oratorſ, ſent with commiſſion or authority, and put in truſt to deale in their Princeſ affayreſ, their old beaten Souldioutſ , theirPy— perſ , Trumpetterſ, hornc—winderſ, W atchmen, Scout—watcheſ, and Sentinelſ, Like— wiſe Souldierſ eucer in a readineſſe to defend,and looke to their hony—wealth and goodſ, aſ if it were a Citty committed to their truſt and valiancy, and theſe do puniſh, torment» and throw to the ground all flying Theeueſ and Wiormeſ, that dare inuade ſecretly by any cunning paſſage , or mine into their manſionſ.And that they might beare the world in hand, that they are no priuy or ſecret Theeueſ in their fiying , they make a noyſe an humming, which together with their flight, iſ heard both to beginne and end : W hich found, whether it proceedeth from the mouth,or from the motion of their wingeſ: Ariſice go #le and Heſjchinſ, do much vary and contend. Their Piperſ and horn—blowerſ doc edere Ziggon, aſ Heſychinſ ſaich (the Engliſhmen rerme it Sf#7) and thatthey make to be the watch—word and priuy token, for their watch and ward, flecpe, and daily labout. They loue their King ſo entitely,chat they neter ſuffer him to goe abroad alone, but their Army being diuided into two parteſ , and by hc(:{zpcs ſ ,ywin mg winding themſelueſ tound, they doe aſ it were encloſe and fence him on all ſideſ. Ifin a; ny iourney the K ing happe to wander from hiſ company, and cannot be found , becing driven away by the force of ſome ſtormie windeſ or weather, they all forth—with make a privie fearch, and with their quick—ſenting, purſue and follow the chace ſo long , vnotill he be certainely found ; and then, becauſe he iſ tyred with flying, and the tediouſneſ of tem— peſtſ, the common fort lift him vpon their wingſ, and ſo triumpbantly conucy bim home aſ it were in a Chariot. But if he dice by the way, then they all mournefully depart, cucric one to hiſ owne place ſeperating themſelueſ, or peraducnture for a while , they worke vp theyr hony—combeſ not yet finiſhed , but never make any more hony 5 So thatatlength; jo growing to be lazie, ſickly, waſted, conſumed and diſtained withtheir owne filth and cor— guption, they all miſcrably perriſh. For they cannot poſſibly line without a King, againſt whom,none iſ ſo hardy aſ to lift vp hiſ finger to offer him any violence, muchlefſeto con: ſpire hiſ deſtruction,vnleſſe he (after the faſhion of Tyrantſ) doe ouerchrow andturne all thingſ vpfide downe, after hiſ owne will and luſt,or negleGing careleſly the W cale pub— lique, ſetteth all ypon ſixe and ſcauen. Yea, if he accuſtome himſelfe to goe often abroad, (which he cannot doe without the great hurt and preindice ofhiſ Cittizenſythey do not by and by kill him, but they take from him hiſ wingſ, & ifhe then amend hiſlife & looke better to hiſ office, they ſingularly affect and honout him. 4; ointe W hen the King by flying away hath left hiſ Beeſ, they fetch him againe, and being a 20 fugitivue from hiſ kingdome, they follow him amaine by hiſ ſmcll, aſ it were with huc and cry, (for amongſt them all the King ſinmelleth beſt ) and ſo bring him backe to hiſ kinglie houſe. None dare venture out ofhiſ owne lodging firſt, nor ſecke hiſ lining in any place, except the King himſelfe firſt going forth,do ditreX them the way ofthecir flight. For I am hardly of Ariſ/otleſ mind, who affirmeth that the Ki ng never commeth abroad,but when the whole ſwartme doth, which iſ ſeldome ſeene. But if by reaſon of hiſ tyrannic, cruelty and violent rule, they be forced to ſeeke ſfome other dwelling placeſ,; then a few dayeſ be— fore the time appointed, there will be heard a ſolitary , mournfull, and peculiar kinde of voyce, aſ it were of ſome trumpet, & two or three dayeſ before,they flie about the mouth ofthe Hiue ; ſo when all thingſ —are in a readineſ for their flight, being allaſſembled, they 30 flic all ſpeedilie away, and kill the T yrant (whom they left behind) if he attempt to follow them. But a good King they neuer forſake , and if at any time he pine and fallaway by reaſon of ſickneſ, any plague or murren, or through old age, all the meaner ſort do make mone, the whole troute and multitude of Senatorſ and Aldermen do greatly bewaile him, not conucighing any meate into their hineſ , nor yet looking out of dooreſ for meere griefe,filling the whole houſe with ſorrowfull hummingſ & lamentſ,and gathering them— felueſ by heapeſ about the carkaſſe of the dead King, they doe with great noyſe tragically moutne for him. Neither doth cotinuance of time mittigate or take away their griefe, but atlength, all of theſe faichfull friendſ, partly through gricfe, and partly through faminſſg they are cleane conſumed and brought to death. Soln EE SP E 40 WW hilſt they haue a King, the whole ſwarme and company iſ kept in awfull order, but he being gone, they goe vnder the proteCtion of other Kingſ. They haue not many kingſ at once, neither can they endure V ſurperſ/oucrthrowing their houſeſ , and rootitg out their ſtocke and familic. And if in one ſwarme there be two Kingſ, (aſ ſometimeſ it fal— lethout) then one partadh@reth to the one king, and the other ſide cleaucth to Fluc o.rherct ſo that ſometimeſ in one hine, you ſhall find hony—combeſ of ſundry formeſ & faſhionſ: where they behauc themſelueſ ſo honeſtly and neighborly, that the one medicth not with theotherſ charge and buſineſ, hauing no mind to enlarge their Empircſſ to entyce, drawctc or win by faixe meaneſ, the ſubieſ of the other ſide, but euery one being obedient to hiſ owne king without contradiStion. They honour him ſo highly, that being loſt tþcy com— 50 plaine, being decrepit, they preſcrueand keepe him, being weary, they carry him round about with them, becing dead, they bewayle him with all funcrall pompe and þeaumcſſc, veelding vp at length euen their very liueſ for an aſſurance oftheir Joueſ and faithfull deaſ— lingſ. Oftentimeſ they arreare ddadly war againſt ſtrangerſ borne, for the hony that they have ſtolne from them, aſ for the catching and ſnarching vppe afore—hand thoſe flowerſ whercon they purpoſed to fite on ; ſo that ſomctimeſ the quarrell iſ determined by dmt(ſſ _ RRCTTO IET DRLITOD ET < 33 of \ ) | P 70 T he H iſtory of Ser];entſ. of ſword in a inſt battle. Oftertimeſ againe they wrangle about their hony—combeſ and dwelling houſeſ, but then the deadly and vnappeaſable warre iſ , when the contention iſ about the life, crowne and dignitie of their King , for then they beftirre themſelueſ moſt eagetly, defending him moſt valiantly, and receiuing the dartſ or ſtingſ that are bended againſt him, with an vndaunted courage, by the voluntaty and thicke interpoſing of thei ewne bodyeſ, betwikt the dartſ and the perſon of their king. ; — Neitherare Becſ onely, exampleſ to men of politicall prudence and fidelity » but aly preſidentſ for them to imitate in many other vertueſ. For whereaſ Nature hath made the Zooa agelaia, that iſ, creatureſ liuing in companieſ and ſwarmeſ, yet do they all thingſ for the common good of their owne route and multitude , excepting euer the Droneſ and ; theeueſ, whom if they take tripping in the manner, they reward with condigne puniſh— ment, Theit houſeſ are common, theitchildren common , their laweſ and ſtatuteſ com. mon, and their countty common.They couple together without queſtion,aſ Camelſ do, privily anckapart by themſelueſ,which whether it proceed of modeſty,or be done through the admizxable inſtind of Nature, I leaue itto the diſpute and queint reſolution of thoſe graue Doctorſ, who being laden with the badgeſ and cognizanceſ oflearning , doe not ſticke to aflitme that they can render a true reaſon euen by their owne witſ, of all the cau— ſeſ in nature, though neucr ſo obſcure, hid and difficult. — Flyeſ and doggeſ doc farre otherwiſe, whoſe impudencie iſ ſuch,that hauing no regard of timeſ, perſonſ, or placeſ, they will not give place , or be diſioyned. Y ca the Maſſagerſ , (aſ Zerodetuſ writeth) hauing their quiner of arroweſ on their cartſ, they dealt with their 7 vyineſ very vnſeaſonably, and though all men beheld it, yet they moſt impudently con— temned it. And that which iſ worſer,thiſ beaſtly faſhion iſ crept amongſt the vſurperſ,or atleaſt profeſſorſ of the Chriſtian name, who ſhame not openly to kiſſe and embrace, yea euen to play & meddle with filthy whoreſ & brothelly queaneſ. Beeſ ſurely will codemne theſe kind of people of beſtiall impudency and wanton fhameleſneſle ; or cauſingthemto bluſwif they hauc any grace,will teach them repentance. Neither are they altogetherſuch ereatureſ aſ cannor endure or away with muſicke, (which iſ the princeſle of delightſ, and the delight of Princeſ) aſ many vnicarned people cannot., but areexcecdingly delighted 0 with tune in any harmony whercin iſ no iarring, ſo the ſame be ſimple and vnaffeded. 3@ Andalthough they haue not the ſkillto daunceaccording to due time, order and pro— portion in Muſicke, aſ they ſay Elephantſ can, yet doe they make ſwifter or ſloyyer theyr flight, according to the Trumpettorſ mind, who with hiſ ſharpe and ſhrill ſound cauſcth them to beſtirre themſelueſ more ſpeedily ; but beating ſlowly and not ſo loude vpon hiſ braſen inſtrument, maketh them more flow, and to take more leyſure, Neither hath Na— turemade the onely the moſt ingeniouſ of all lining creatureſ, but by diſcipline hathmade them tame and tradQable. For they doc not onely know the hand and voyce of the hony— man, or him that bach the charge and ordering of thc ſame, but they alſo ſuffer him to do what liketh him beſt: which euery man muſt needeſ confeſſe to be an argumcntof agenee rouſ and noble diſpoſition, thuſ to vhder—goe the rule of their ouer—ſeerſ and Surveiorſ, 4 but the hand and diſcipline of a ſtranger, they will by no meaneſ endure; Aſ for ccconomicall vertueſ they excellalſo, and namely for moderate frugalitie and temperance, not profuſely and prodigally waſting and denouring the great ſtore ofhony wwhich they gathered in the Sommer ſeaſon, but they ſuſtaine themſelueſ therwith in win= ter, and that very ſparingly : And ſo whilſt th ey feede vppon few meateſ, and thoſe ofthe pureſt ſort, they purchaſe lon 5 life, (thereward of ſobrietic.) Neither are they ſo niggaſd* lie and ſordidouſ minded, but when aſ they have gathered more hony then their number can well ſpend, they communicate and impart ſome very liberally amongſt the Drone® Aſ for their clenlineſſe theſe may be certaine Argumentſ , that they neucr exonerate Na* ture within their hineſ, (except conſtrained thereto by ſome ſickneſ, foule weathet, & for g ſome vrgent neceſſity) that they conuay away the dead carkafſeſ, that they. touch no fol— ten nor ſtinking fleſh, or any other thing, no herbe that iſ withered , nor no ill—ſenting OF decayed floyyerſ. @ They kill not their enemieſ within their hineſ, they drinke none but tunning wate£> and . that which iſ throughly defecated : they will not dyyell in houſeſ impure & foule, .flgiciſhz Of the Bec. placke, or fullofany feculent ordreggy rc-_fuſc, and the exerementeſ of the laborirerſ and ctſicſikly,th_cy gather on a heape wſſhou_t their Pauilions,and aſſoone aſ theirleaſure ſerueth; it iſ carried F]canc away . Concerning thf:!r temperanceand chaſtity, (although it hath peene pardly touched before,) yet thiſ I will adde , that it iſ wonderfull whatſomemen hauc obſerued. For whereaſ all other creatureſ doe couple in the open fight of men, the Elephant onely excepted, and Waſpeſlikewiſe not much differing in kind, do the ſame : et Beeſ were neucr yet ſcene ſo to ioynetogether, butcither within their hineſ vety mo» deſtly they apply themſelueſ to that buſinefle, or elle abroad do it without any witneſſeſ. And they are no leſſe valiant, then modeſt and temperate, Duamy corpora bello obictfant; 16 Pulc/ammquepcſſtunt per vulnera mortem. Theit war iſ either civill or forraine. Ofthefor— mer there be divuerſ cauſeſ , that iſ to ſay : the multitudeoftheir Dukeſ or Capraineſly—» ing in waight to betray both King and kingdome : ſcarſity of vitraile, ſtraightneſ of place and roome, cotruptionof mannerſ and idleneſſe.For if they have no Dukeſ,then iſ it ex— pedient (aſ ocherwhileſ it happeneth ) they ſtay the oucrpluſ, leaſt the number of them growing to great, eitherviolence might be'offered to the King, or the commonſ drawne toſomeſedition. goid They killthem moſt of all, when aſ they haue no great ſtore of young Beeſ to plant any new colonieſ, ouctthrowing and ſpoyling withall ther hony—combſ (if they haue aſ ny.) Phey exccute alſo Thecueſ and Droneſ, o often aſ they haue not roome inough to 20 do their buſineſ in, (for they hold the more inward part of the Hine,) ſo taking from the atone time, both theit hony—combſ and meat . The ſcarſity and lacke of Hony, cauſeth them allo to be at deadly feude, ſo thattheſhort Becſ do encounter the long with might and maine. © Intlie which bickering, if the ſhortbe Conquerorſ, it will be an excellent Swarme,but if forumeſmile on thelong Beeſ ſide y they line idlely ; making nevier any good Houny. Whoſocner getteththeday , :they are ſo given to rapine andrenuenge , aſ they take no priſonerſ; nor leaue any place to mercy, but commitall to the ſword.. Now concerning theirforren warreſ, I'muſt ſay that they ginue place to tio otherliuing creature , cither in fortitude,ot hardy venturing : and if eithermen, Foure—footed—beaſtſ, Birdſ, or W aſpeſ, 30 do either hinder, diſquiet, or kill any of them, ſo thatthey be not well contented, agaynſt allthcſethey oppoſe themſelueſ very ſtonrly, according to their power wounding them. They hate extreamely adultcrouſ perſonſ, and ſuch men aſ bee ſimcared with any oynt— ment, thoſe that haue curled or criſped haire (aſ alſo all vnfaithfull and baſe raſkally peo— ple) andiall thoſe that weare any red clotheſ ofthe colour of bloud : aſ contrary wiſe they louc andrenerence exceedingly their Maiſterſ, Keeperſ, Tutorſ, Defenderſ, and Main— tainerſ!: (o that ſitting vpon their handſ; they doerathertickle and licke them in ſpotcin{g wiſe;then either wound or hut theim, though never ſo little with theirſting . Yea theſe men may ſafely without any touchofiurt; and witbhoutany coucring to their handſ,ga— ther together the Swarmeſ in a very hot Summer ; yea, handle, place them in order, beap 40 V together, ſitor ſtand before their Hineſ , and with afticke take cleane away Droneſ, Theeucſ, Waſpeſ, and Hornetſ. Ifany Souldier looſethhiſ ſting in fight, like one that had hiſ Sword'or Speare taken from him, he Prcſenc]ſiy iſ diſcouraged and diſpaireth,not living long,througþcxtrcamny or griefe; Going forth into the fieldeto fight, chey ſtay ti]} \hc_ warchword be given, which being done, they flocke in great heapeſroundabout their King (ifhebe a good one) en— \ i | | a ding all their quarrell in one Cerbattell. In their order of fighting, bow great vertue, coll— rage, ſtrength, and Hobleneſſe, theſe poore creatureſ ſhew , aſ wellwee our felucs- can te= ſtific, and they better who haue aſſuredyſ by their writingſ, that whole armieſ of armed menhane beene tamed by the ſtingſ of Becſ, and that Lyonſ, Beareſ, and Horſeſ, have 5o beeneflaine by meaneſ of them . And yert (how fierce and v\-grhkc ſocucr they ſeeme ro be,) they are appeaſed and madegeritle with continuall or daiely company, and volefle they be to much'netled and angred, they line peaccably inough vlvl'[hout any great trou— ble, ncucr hurting any'one maliciouſly ot deceitfully, that ſtandeth before their Hivneſ. If I ſhould goe about to declare atlaage their ingenic, paturallincination, cunning worxc— manſhip and memory, J ſhould not onely give vilto them with ſſzrgſſzl : Pzzrtzmla:f /zur;-; & RS Iol = dinctit, 72 \ T he Hiſtoric of S c@pentſ. dinine, but allo hawſinſ mentiſ atheree , and (liceat pythagorice errare,) the Meternpſachor— Sifof thatingeniouſ Philoſopher. For after that they are incloſed in a cleane and a ſweet hineſthey gather out of gummic and moiſt licqour—yeclding treeſ, akind of glutinouſ ſub. ſtance, thicke; clammy and tough, (called of the Latineſ C#@me/@ſ, and ofthe Greckeſ 34 #5,) eſpecially from Elmeſ, Willoweſ,Caneſ or Reedeſ, yea enen from ſteneſ ; and thiſ they lay for the firſt foundation of their worke, ſo coucring it all oucr aſ with a hard cruſt apfirſt, bringing to it afterwardeſ another layer of P#ſ/ſacera ; which iſ a kinde of iuyce of WWiaxe and Pitch, made with Gumme and Roſin, and oucr that againe they lay Propoliſ; which we call Bee—glew. . —; ofn thiſ ſame three—fold tilic, and ſure ground—worke thuſ axtificially begunne , they doenot onely laugh to ſcorne, ieſt at, and mocke the eyeſ of the. ouer—curionſ ſpectatorſ 7 eoftheirCommon—wealth and workeſ, but that which noman confſiderſ, theydochcere. by defend both themſelueſ and theitſ, againſt raine,cold, ſmall vermin and .beaſtſ; and all their enemieſ.. T hen after thiſ they build their; Combeſ , with ſuch an ArchiteQonical] prudence, that Archimedeſ in reſpe& of them ſeemeſ to be no body. For firſtof all they ſet vp the cellſ of thcir Kingſ and Princeſ, in the higher place of the hony-combcs,bccing large; fayre, ſumptuouſ, ſtately and loſftie, becing cunningly wrought, of the moſt tryed, pureſt, & refined VV axe, trenching them round for the greater defence of the regall Ma 1eſtie, with mound and encloſure , aſ it were with a ftrong Wall , Bulwatke; or Ram. ire. t . And aſ Beeſ in regard of their age and condition, are ofthree ſortſ,ſo likewiſe doe they deuide their Cellſ : for to themoſt auncient they appoint houſeſ next to the Court , (aſ thoſe that are the firteſt to be of hiſ priuie counſaile, & garderſ ofhiſ perſon) next to theſe areplaced the young Becſ, and thoſe that be brivoric yeere old. And they of middle yereſ and ſtronger bodieſ, arclodged in the vttermoſt roomeſ, aſ thoſe that arefitteſtand beſt able to fight for their King and country. Yet Ari#orle ſaith, that Beeſ in the making of their Tentſ or Cellſ, doe firſt of all prouide for themſelueſ, and next for their King &hiſ Nepheweſ, and laſtlic for the Droneſ. And aſ in thefabricature oftheir hony—combeſ, they make the faſhion according to the magnitudeand figure of theplace , faſhioning it either orbicular, long, ſquare, ſword—like, or footc—like, &c. according to their owneli— 36 king, running out ſometimeſ in length eyght foote: ſo theirlittle Cellſ contratiwiſe, are framed after a certaine forme in a Geometricall proportion and meaſure; for by rule they are inſtly Sexangular, and capable enough to hold thetenant. { The whole combe containeth foure orderſ of Celleſ 5 The fitſt the Beeſ occupicſ the next the Droneſ poſleſſe ; the third, thoſe that are called of the Greekeſ Chadaeweſ, of the Latineſ, Apym ſoboleſ, (call them if youpleaſe Schadoneſ.) The laſt iſ appointed for the roome of hony making. There be ſome who conſtantly auerre;that the Droneſ domake combeſ in the ſame.hiue the labouting Beeſ doe,, hut that they lacke the Skill and power of mellification, it becing vncertaine whether thiſ comeſ to paſſe cither through theyr groſſneſ and bigbellied fatneſ, or through theirſetled & naturalllazineſ. And if through 40 the weightineſ ef the honie the combeſ beginne to ſhake and wagge, and to leane & bend aſ though they were readie to fall, then doc they reare them vp, and vnderproppe them with pillarſ made archwile, that they may the more readilic diſpatch their buſineſſe , and execute their chargeſ, (for it iſ neceſſarie that to euery combe there be a ready way.) & In ſome placeſ, aſ in Popaſ, and in the Cittic of Ariſwſ,Beeſ make white hony, with— out any combeſ at all,but thiſ iſ ſildome ſcene. And if a man would confſider the rate and admirable contexture and fabricke of their honie—combeſ, farre excelling allhumane Ait and conceit, who would not ſubſcribe with the Poct, Eſ/e Apibuſ partem divine mentti t hanſtuſ athereeſ? who will deny them (I ſay) cither imagination , fantaſic, indgement, memorie, and ſome certaine gliniſe of reaſon? But I will not diſpute of thiſ, neither am $0 T of Pyrhagoraſ mind, who conccited that the ſouleſ of wiſe men , and of other ingeniouſ creatureſ;, departed into Beeſ. But whoſocuer will diligently examine how they deuide theit laboutſ, aſ ſome to make y pe the combeſ, ſome to gather.hony, to heapetogether their meate, to trimme and dreſle vp the houſeſ,to clenſe the common draught;to vodet= fhore the ruinouſ wallſ;to coucr thoſe placeſ wherein any thing iſ to be kept, to draw ofilt ? the bſ & 20 Oſ t/'Je YeE. 73 the very ſ'krcngch of} chct: hony,to diſgeſt it, to carry itto their Cellſ, to bring watei to the thitſtie l:ſibcſi)urc_rs, to give foode at ſet and appointed howreſ to the old Beeſ that ſitte, to defend their Kſimgſſ with fuch oner—ſight and painefullregard, todrive away Spyderſ, and allother encmicſ, to carry forth the dead , (thatno ſtinke or ill auour hurt,) euery one to know and goceto lȝls owne proper cell, and generally, all of them not to ſttay farte from home toſeeke their liuing ; and when the flowerſ are ſpent neere their lodgingſ, to ſend out their cſpiallſ to lookefor more in placeſ further diſtant;to lye with their faceſ vpward voder the leaueſ when they haue ſet foorth any voiage by night, leaſt their wingſ becing much moctiſt_cncd by the dew, they ſhould come tardic home the next day, to ballance and 0 peize theirlight bodieſ with carrying a ſtone in/ſtotmie weather, and when there iſ anic whirlewind, to fly on the further ſide of the hedge, for feateleaſt cither they might be di— ſturbed, or beaten downe by the boiſterouſ violence thereof, VV hoſocuer (Iſay) wil du— lie conſider allthiſ; muſtneedeſ confe e, that they obſerue a wonderfull order and forme in theit Common:wealthand goucroment, & thatthey are of a very ſtrange nature and ſpirit, © Thbadalmoſt omitted to ſpeake of thatnaturallloue which theybeare to theyr young, a greavvertue, and ſildome ſeene in the parentſ of thiſ age. For Beeſ doe ſitteypon theyr combeſ (when they have laid theit increaſe) almoſt like vnto birdſ, neither wil they ſtirre from thence but in caſe of pinching hunget, returning out of hand to their breeding place 20 againe, aſ though they were afeard leaſt that by any long ſtay and ablence, the vyorke of their little cell might be coucred ouct by ſome Spyderſ web (which ofien happeneth) or the young by taking cold might be endangered; Their young oneſ be not very nice or tender, nor cockeringly brought vp, for being but bare three dayeſ old , aſſoone aſ eucr they begin to hane wingſ, they enioyne them their taſke, & hauc an eye ro the that they benotidle, thou ghneuer ſo little. They'are o excellent in diuination,that they cuen feele afore—hand, and haue a ſence of raine and cold that iſ to come,for then (cuen by Natureſ inſtinG) they fly not far from home : and when they take theit iotirney to ſceke for theyr repaſt, (which iſ neucr done at any ſet and ordinary time,but onely in faire weather) they take paineſ continually and diligently without any ſtay, becingladen with ſuch plentic of 30 hony, that oftentimeſ being ouer—wearied,they faint in their returne to their own private cotageſ, not becing able toattaine them. And becauſe ſome of them in regard of their roughneſ are vofit to labout, by rubbing their bodicſ againſt ſtoneſ and other hard mat— ter they are ſmoothed, aſterwardſ addreſſing themſelueſ moſt ſtourly to their buſineſſe; The younger ſort beſtirre the right doutelie without doreſ , bringing to the hine all that iſ needfull. The elder looke to the family, placing in duc order that hony which iſ gathe—< red and wrought by the middle—aged Beeſ. In the morning they be all very ſilent,till one of them awaken all the reſt with hiſ thriſe bumming noyſe, cucry once buſtling himſelfe aſ bout hiſ owne proper office and charge. Returning at night, they are aſ it were in an vp— roare at the firſt, and after that,chey make a little muttering or murmuting among them., 40 ſelueſ, vntill the principall officer appointed for ſetting of the watch , by biſ flying round about, and hiſ ſoft and gentle noyſe, dooth aſ it were coucttly and privily charge them in theitr kingſ name to prepare themſelueſ to reſt ; and ſo thiſ to_kcn being giuen, they are aſ filent aſ fiſheſ, ſo that laying oneſ eare to the mouth of the hine, you ſhall hardly percciue any the leaſt noyſe at all : ſo dutifull they are to their Kingſ, officerſ and rulerſ , repoſing themſelueſ wholic in hiſ bookeſ, fauour and pleaſure.! And now I will intreate oftheyr — excellencie and yvſe. — ; W hercaſ the Almightic hath created all thingſ for the vſe & ſernice of man,ſo eſpeci— Eſiſſf* vieſ of ally among the reſt hath he made Beeſ,not onely that they ſhould be vnto vſ patterneſ "*"> and preſidentſ of politicalland ccconomicall vertueſ;(of the which before I haue diſcour— 50 ſed) but. euen Teacherſ and Schoolemaiſterſ inſtructing vſ in certaine divine knowledge, and like extraordinary prophetſ, premonſtrating the ſuccefſe & enent of thingſ to come. For in the yeereſ 90. 98.113. 208. before the birch of our bleſſed Sauiour, vvhcp aſ great ſwarmeſ of Beeſ lighted in the publique and oxe—marker, ypon the houſeſ of private (;}[_ tizenſ, and the Chappell of AMe7ſ, many conſpiracieſ and rrcaſon; were mrcndcd aga_mſt the ſtate at Rome, with which the common—wealth waſ well—nigh deceined , inſnared, H. yea 4 T he Hiſtoric of Serpentſ. yeaand ouerthrowne. In the dayeſ of Sererm theEmperour, Beeſ made their combeſ in the Enſigncſ, bannerſ and ſtanderdſ of the ſouldierſ, and moſt of allin the campe of A;— ger., after which enſued diverſ conflictſ betwixt the Armieſ of Sexernſ & Niger, Fortune for atime imparting ber fauourſ equally to them both, but at length Severnſ ſide carried away the bucklerſ. Swarmeſ o Becſ alſo filled the Staruaeſ which were ſet vp in al Zerzy— ria, repreſenting Autonimſ Pinuſ, and after that they fell in the campe of Cafſimſ, and what hurly burlieſ after that followed, Z#/inſ Capitolinuſ will reſolue you. At which timealſo a great number of Romanſ were intrapped and ſlaine by an ambuſhof Germaineſ in Ger.. many, P: Fabivſ and 2: Elinſbceing Conſulſ. It iſ written that a ſwarme lighted in the teat of Hoſlilivſ Rutiluſ, who waſ in the Army of Druſuſ, and did there hang after ſuch a maner, aſ they did encloſe round hiſ ſpeare which waſ faſtened to hiſ pauilion, aſ if it had beene a rope hanging downe, M; Lepiduſ and Mumatiuſ Plancuſ becing Conſulſ. Alſo in the conſulſhip of L: Panluſ and Cainſ Metelluſ,aſwarme ofBeeſflying vp and downe,pre— ſignified the enemy at hand, aſ the Soothſayerſ well divined. Pompey likewiſe watring a. gainſt Ceſar, when for the pleaſuring of hiſ friendſ he had ſet hiſ Army in aray,going out of Pyrrhaciii,Beeſ met with him, & darkened euen the very ancientſ with their greatmul. titude. W'e read in the hiſtorieſ of the Heluetianſ,hbow that in the yere of our Lord God 1385. when Leopold of Auſtrich prepared to goc againſt Sepypach with an hoſt of men, be— ing yet in hiſ iourny, a ſwarme of Beeſ fled to the towne, and there reſted vpon a certaine great tree called TJ/ſ : wherevpon the vulgar ſort rightly fore—told the comming of ſome 20 ſtrange people to them. So likewiſe Fe/gil/ in the 7. booke of hiſ Aeweadeſ, ſcemeth to de. ſcribe the comming of Aeweaſ into Italy after thiſ manner. Lauri Huivſ Apeſ ſummum denſe (mirabile dittu) Stidore Nigentiliquidum tranſ athera vedt a Obſedere apicemier pedibuſ per mutua nexiſ Examen ſubitd'r amo fr ondente pependit, Continud vateſ : externum cernimuſ (inquit) Aduenture virum. that iſ, A tale of wonder to'be told, there came a ſwarme of Beeſ, Whichwith great noyſe within the ajre a Bay—tree did attajne, Where leg in leg they cleaped faſt, and top of alldegreeſ O're—ſpread, anj/uddcn[] a hine of them remaind There hanging downe : whereat the Prophet ſaid, Some ſtranger heere ſhall come to make vſ all afraid. W hich thing alſo Zerodotuſ, Panſaniaſ, and diverſ other Hiſtoriographerſ, have with reater obſernation then reaſon confirmed. Lao# Acrephnienſ?ſ, when he could not finde 30 the Oracle of Trophoniuſ, by a ſwarme flying thither hee found the place. In like ſort, the 40 Nurſeſ being abſent, Iupitey Melitenſ, Hiero the Siracu/ſan, Plato, Pindaruſ, S Ambroſiuſ, were noutiſhed by hony, which Beeſ by little and little put in their moutheſ, aſ plutarch, Panuſaniaſ,and Textor ave Authorſ. Zenophon likewiſe in hiſ Occonomickſ, termeth hony* making the ſhop of vertueſ, and to it ſendeth motherſ of houſholdſ to be inſtrudaed. Po— etſ gladly compare themſelueſ with Beeſ, who following Nature onely aſ a Schoole—mi— ſtreſ, vſeth no Art. So P/ato ſaith, that Poctſ ruled by Art, can neuer performe any nota ble matter. Andfor the ſame reaſon pipdarmſ maketh hiſ bragſ, that hee waſ ſuperiour to PBacchilideſ, and Simonideſ, hauing onely Nature, not Art to hiſ friend. Becſ yvnleſſe they be incenſed to anger, doe nohurt atall , but being prouoked & ſtirred vp they ſting moſt ſharply : and ſuch iſ the diſpoſition and naturall inclination of Poctſ ; and therefore in hiſ Minee ſtri@ly enioyneth, that thoſe who louc their owne quier, muſt take great heed that they make no warſ eyther with Poctſ or Becſ. Finally, they have ſo many vertueſ which we may imitate, that the Egyprtianſ, Chaldaanſ & Grzecianſ, haue taken diverſ Hiero— glyphickſ from them. And hee that will read oucr P#er/i@ſ, thall there finde ſtore of Em— The . blemeſ of them. go Of the Bee. #5 The COU11trypcoplc in like manner fane learned of them Eromantie,that iſ, divind= tion of thingeſ by the ayre, for they have a fore—feeling and vnderſtanding of raine and windeſ afore—hand, and doe rightly prognoſticate of ſtormeſ and foule weather;ſ So that then, they flye not farre from their owne homeſ, but ſuſtaine themſelueſ with theit owne hony—ſuck alreadie prouided. Which becing true, we muſt then thinke it no ſtrange mar ter, that Ari#enſ, Philiſtine, Ariſfomachuſ Solenſiſ, Menuſ the Samnite, and ſixe hundred otherſ, that have writ of Eþc_Nacurc of Beeſ, bidding adue to all thoſe pleaſureſ and delia cacieſ that are found in Cittieſ, for fyſtie and eyght yeereſ ſpace together , inhabited the woodſ and fieldeſ, that they might more exadly come to the knowledge of their order ofliuing, and naturalldiſpoſitionſ,leauing it aſ a monument for poſtetitic to imitate. But what theyr bodieſ doe worke in ourſ, I indge woorth the labout and paineſ taking to let ou vnderſtand , that we may be aſſured there iſ nothing in Beeſ , but maketh to the fur. therance of our health and good. Firſt therefore, their bodieſ becing taken newly from the hineſ and bruiſed, & drunke Medicinait: with ſome diareticall wine; cureth mightily the Dropſic, breaketh the ſtone , opencth the vieſ. obſtructed paſſageſ of the vrine, and helpeth the ſuppreſſion thereof, Beeing bruiſedchcy cure the wringingſ and grypingſ of the belly, ifthey be layd vpon the place affected : and ifany have drunke any poyſonouſ hony, Becſ being likewiſe drunke doe expell the ſame. They mollific hard vicerſ in the lippeſ, and becing bound to the part, they cure a carbun— 20 cleand the Bloody—flixe, amending alſo the cruditic of the ſtomack, and all ſpotſ & fleckſ in the face, beeing tempered with their owne made hony ; aſ both HoWerinſ , Alexander, Beneditfuſ and Pliny haue written. Galen affrmeth,that if you take line Beeſ out of their combeſ, and mixe them with ho— nie wherin—Beeſ haue beene found dead, you ſhall make an excellent oyurment to be vſed againſt the ſhedding and falling of the hayre in any place of the head, cauſing it to growe againe, and come afreſh. P//y againe willeth vſ to burne many Beeſ , commmixing the aſheſ with oyle, and there—with to annoynt the bald placeſ ; but wee muſt (ſaith he) take great heede that we touch no other place neere adioyning. Yea he affirmeth, that Honie whercin iſ found dead Beeſ, iſ a very wholſome medicine, ſeruing for all diſeafeſ. Erore 30 cap: 61, De morb: muliebrib. commendeth highly the aſhcſ of Beeſ beaten and tempered with oyle, for the dealbation of the hayre. ® & Beeſ alſo are very profitable, becauſe dinerſ lining creatureſ are noutiſhed by , and doe feede full ſauerly on their hony, aſ the Beare, the Badger or Brocke,Liz ardſ, Froggeſ,ſer— pentſ, the Woodpecker or Eate—bee, Swalloweſ, Lapwingſ, the livcle Titrmouſe , which ofſome iſ called a Nunne, becauſe hiſ head iſ filletted aſ it were Nun—like, theRobin=redſ breaſt, Spyderſ and W aſpeſ, aſ Be/loniuſ hath well obſcrued; Set But to what end (you will ſay) ſeruech their ſting, againſt whoſe poyſon P/igy knewno remedie »I muſt needeſ confeſſe truly that which cannot be denied,chat the ſtingſ of Becſ are ſometimeſ venomouſ, but that iſ when cyther they are madde and raging, and be ex= 40 cecdingly diſquicted by meaneſ ofanger, or ſome vchement Feaucr , for otherwile they doe notſting,but pricke but a little : and therefore Dio/corideſ nevuer made mention ofthce ſtinging of Beeſ, ſuppoſing it very vnmeete for a man to complaine ofſo ſmalla matter aſ the ſting of a ſilly Bee. But yet theythat haue ſucceeded hirm , haue obſerued paine, redneſ, and ſwellingſ, aſ companionſ and effectſ of their malice, eſpecially if the ſting doe ſticke in the fleſh, which ifit doe very deepe, then death hath ſometimeſ followed, aſ AZ> cander writeth in hiſ They/aciſ. In like manner the people of the old World ([-hat vyce may prouc the ſting of Beceſ to be conucertred to ſome good vſe) did (aſ Suidaſ wr:tFt_l1) pUF niſh thoſe perſonſ who were found guilty of cooſenage , and deceitfull countcr_felt_mg Qf merchandiſe after thiſ fort : Firſt they ſtripped the offenderſtarke naked , annointing hiſ 50 body allouer with hony, then ſerting him in the open ſunne with hiſ handſ and feete faſt bound, that by thiſ meaneſ beeing tormented with flycſ, Becſ, and ſiZOYChngþcſimct*ffctſ the ſunne, he might endure puniſhment, paine & death; duc .to l1i5 lewd and wicked life. W ith which kind of puniſhmient & torture, the Spanyardſdoe gricuouſly vex thepoore naked Handerſ of Awzerica at thiſ day,(now called the VV eſt Indieſ) who ate viider their tule and goyernment,nor for iuſtice ſake,(aſ thoſe Auncientſ did) but for ſatiſfaction and c & —.— » 2 fulfillng, Ihe Hiſory of Serpentſ. fulfilling of their barbarouſ willſ, and beaſtly tyrannie, thatthey might ſeeme to be more ctucllthen crucltieirſelfe. > . Fa 52 — ANuninuſ ſaith, that if the herbe Balme (called Apiaſfrww) be beaten , and annoynted with oyle vppon theſtinged place, that there willenſue no hurt thereby: F/ayentiſ coun. ſelleth the gatherer ofhony, to annoy nt himſelfe with the inyec of Marſh—malloweſ , for by that meaneſ he may ſafely and withour feare take away the Combeſ, But the inyce of any Mallow vyill doe aſ much, and eſpecially if it be mixed with Oyle: for it both preſer. uerh from ſtinging, and beſideſ it remedicth the ſtinged . But admit that Beeſ by theyr ſtinging doe vexe and diſeaſe vſ,yet notwithſtanding the dead Beeſ ſo found in the hony, doe ſpeedily bring cure to that hurt, if they be duly applyed, abating and taking away al} the paincand poyſon. VW hat ſhould I ſay ? No creature iſ ſo profitable,noncleſſe ſump— tuouſ. G O D hath created them, and a little money and coſt will maintaine them , and ſmall prouiſion will content them. They live almoſt in all placeſ , yea euen in Forreſtſ, , W oodſ and Mountaineſ; both richand poore by their good huſbandty do gachcrgood 7 . cuſtomeſ and penſionſ by them, they paying (aſ all men know) very large rentſ for their dwelling houſeſ ; and yet for all their tribute they pay, a man need neither keepe one ſer. vaunt the more for the gathering of it, nor ſet on pot the oftner. AMeza/ſ ſaith , that 247;p gathered yeerely fiue thouſand pound weight of Hony : and that in a ſmall Village of Spaine, not exceeding one Akre of ground, he waſ wont to gaine by Honie there gathc= red, tenne thouſand Seſtertieſ, which iſ of our Engliſh coyne about fiftie poundſ. W ee are furniſhed alſo out of their yvork—houſeſ or ſhopſ, with vvaxe, Sapdaracha, Bec—glevy, combeſ, and dreggeſ of waxe, which no Common—wealthcan wellſpare. Toſpeakeno. thing of the exampleſ of their vertueſ and noble properticſ , being noleſſe wholſomefor the ſoule, then theſe otherſ are for the good prouiſion and maintenauuce of out life, and for nouriſhment of our bodieſ neceſſaty and commodiouſ. } a :Þl]ow for the conſeruation of Beeſ, it iſ very meete (aſ Pliny writeth) that wecomeby thetn lawfully , & by honeſt meaneſ, that iſ, cyther by gift, or by buying of them, for be— iog taken away by theſt, they willnot proſper with vſ : cuen aſ the herbe called Rew bec— ing ſtolne, will yery hardly or neuer grow. Furthermore, to keepe theſe good Pay—mai. ſterſ, and to make them in louc with you, youmuſt remoue from their Hineſ moutheſ, 30 valuckic, miſchicuouſ, and deceitfull people, and idle perſonſ.that haue nothing to doe, cauſing them to ſtand further off: Aſ alſo all thoſe that are diſtayned with whoredome, orinfected with the diſcaſe called Gonorth@ea , or the fluxe of menſtrueſ, batheſ, or anie thing that ſmelleth of ſmoake,mud,dung,or ordure of cattell, men or beaſtſ, houſeſ of of— fice, ſinckſ, or kitchenſ. Mundific & corre& the ayre oftentimeſ,infected with the breath and vapout of Toadeſ and Serpentſ, by burning of Balme , Time , or Fennelly hauing great care to keepe them neate, cleane and quiet. Deſtroy all yermine and ſeekerſ to prey iſ)[;ſiſ\_l their Hony, robberſ, pillerſ and pollerſ , and if at any time they be ficke, giue them iſicke. 3 Nowe the ſigneſ of their ynhealthineſ, aſ of all other lining creatureſ, areknowneby 40 three thingſ ; that iſ, from the aGion offended,the outwardaffect of the body, andexcte— mentſ, For their checrefulneſſe becing gone , ſluggiſh dulineſ , a giddy and vertiginouſ pace, often and idle itanding before the mouth of the Hine, lacke ofſtrength, wearineſſe, litherneſſe, languiſhing, and want of ſpirit to doe any buſineſ, deteſtation of flowetſ and Honic, long wartchingſ, and continuall ſlecpingſ, vnaccuſtomed noyſeſ and hummingſ, are ſure argumentſ that Becſ are not in good health. Aſ alſo if they be ſome—what rough, not fine and trimme, dry and ynpleaſant in handling, not ſoft, harſh and rugged, not de— licate and tender , if theit combeſ be infected with any manner of filthy,corrupt, and noy— ſome ſauour, and that theyr excrementſ melt , ſtinke , and be full of vvormeſ , cartying dead carkaſſeſ daily out of their houſeſ, that they haue no regard to theyr Beeſ and Bee— 50 hiueſ, it iſ a centaine token that they are ſicke, and that ſome exidemicall , generall peſti— lence or plague rageth amongſt them , whereof that famouſ Poct Virgill hach very ele— gantlie, but confuſedly touched ſome part, in the fourthBooke of hiſ Georgickeſ, in theſe following yerſeſ, & E Stinna".: 18 Sivera Of the Beeſ | 75 Si verd ( quoniam lapſiſ Apibidſ quot, noffreſ Vitatulit) triſti languebunt corpora morbo, Wind non dubijſpoteriſ cognoſcere ſigniſ, Continuo eſt agriſ alitſ coloy, horridavaltum Deformat macieſ, tum corporaluce carentum Exportant tedT iſ, et triſtia funera ducum;, Aut illepedibuſ connex a ad limina pendent, Ant intuſ clauſiſ cun& antur in aedibuſ omneſ, 16 Tquaung fame , et contraitofrigore pigr a } } Tum [onuſ abditur gravior, tractimg, ſuſurrant. Frigiduſ vt quando ſiluiſimmurmurat anſter, Vt mare {olicitum ſtridet refluentibnſ vpdiſ, , _ Acituat aut clanſiſ rapiduſ fornacibue igniſ, In Engliſh thuſ; ct The life of Beeſiſ ſubiet?—vnto fall, Theyr bodieſ languiſb with diſeaſeſ ſad.> Thiſ by vndoubted ſigneſ diſcerne—you fhall, . Their bodie'ſ thenwith othey eolour iſ clad. 29 A4 leaneneſſe rough doth then deforme their face} Then doth the living bring dead bodyeſ out, And for theyjr felloweſ make a funerallplace, Mourning [ad exequieſ theyr divellingſ all about , Or elſ with feete in feete they bang vpon The threſbold of their Hixe, or elſ abide Cloſe within doreſ, not looking on the ſunne Till ſloth by cold and famine tfe]r life vppe drjde: Thenalſo iſ their ſound and voyce more great, Drawing ſoft, like Southerne wind inwoedſ, 3e Or fire encloſed in burning furiate heate, Or aſ int: Sea fallſ backe the flyding fidodſ: And ſo the ſickneſleſ of Beeſ becing cuidently knowne, plainly perceined and cured, they willlinvemany yeereſ , although Ar/ſfazle, Theophraituſ, Pliny , Virgill, Parro,Coluſ mella; Gardan, and finally all Authorſ, would.make vſ belecue that they ſildome artaincto nine yeereſ, but never to tenne. Although we know by good experiente ; knowledgeof place, and the credible atreſtation of men worthy beliefe; that they hauelined 30. yeateſ. Which onely reaſon hath induced me to belieue, that Beeſ dcuen.by Natureſ appoynt; ment) are long lined, and that onely with A/berzuſLronely doubt ; whetherthey dyeby 4o meaneſ of old age. tiſ on ,obb? 3M vinaee at Sdeeſ Y amnot ignoranthow they are made away with the rage and violence of diſedſeſ; and other enemieſ, but if they have all thingſfutniſhed fit for the preſeruation of theitlife, & prolongation of kealth, and the contrary farre from them, Lknowec n6 reaſon but that J ſhould concludethem longlivied, yea more durable then any other limpg creature, and neucr to dye} but that I may rotdeny their time and turneto be mortall. Forthey onelic doefeede vpoa hony, that inmortall Nedtar,ſent from heauen, and gathered from a di= uine dey (the very life and ſoule of allherbeſ, fruiteſ, treeſ and plantſ;) Of whoſe nature, vſe, and excellencic, if yorwould knovſſſ more, I mgſt :cfcF\c- 4t youto the learned wiitiſigs of Phiſitionſ. — $9 . \"+ _HZ_ rHign wh r) a3 The nameſ. The deſerip— tyom. Atriſt. I. 3, de= mer gener, Animſ t 30, T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. 52 Of Beeſ called Droneſ and ThHnEEVEſ. Dronme or a Dran in Engliſh, iſ of the Latineſ called Fyc#, of the Greekeſ Kephen, and Thronax: Ofthe Illitianſ Corpp, of the Gexmanſ Traen . Ofthe Belgieſ Be/onder ſfrael . Ofthe Spaniardſ Zapgane. Of the Italianſ Ape che no# famele . Of the French Saradon, and Fullox . Of the Pannonianſ (novy called Hupgarianſ)Here. Of the Polonianſ Czre2e» . Thiſ kind of Bee iſ called F##m,aſ ſome thinke 224// fy7, becauſe he doth fy72zinſ mella denocare, deupour Honny by ſtealth : al— though it bemore agreeable to truth , that it iſ tearmed ry. * cmſ, becauſe he doth Apibuſ fucum fraudemgue facere : And through the colour and pretence of keeping warme the Hiueſ, he ſpendeth their ſtocke, and vndo all their hony—making.And therefore for ſome to deriue Fuem the Latin word, from phagomaithe Greeke, ſcemeth to be farre fetched : Sormeagaine will draw Fyom, 4 fouendo, quia incubando apum inuantfaturaſ,, and thiſ in my minde iſ aſ harſh aſ the for— mer. y Many men make the Droneto be one of the4.. ſortſ of Beeſ, which iſ very vnaduiſedly doone, aſ ſome would make vſ beleeuc : Becauſe they beſtow no paineſ in gathering the Hony, nor labour it throughly to haue it perfeetly wrought . He iſ twice ſo greataſ the common Bee, and greater thenthe Theefe, ſo that in bigneſſehe eneneth, yea,ſurpaſſeth the King himſelfe ; and yet he attaineth ynto thiſ greatnefle; not by the gift of Nature, but by hiſ cuſtome and trade of life:* For whereaſ Beeſ doe prepare and make their celleſ for the breeding of Droneſ:: they makethemlefſerthen the Droneſ , and not heereand there through the Hine, but onely in the vitermoſt, and aſ itwere in the baniſhecd or moſt our—caſtplace of all in the whole:Gamp and lodged Army .. Beſideſ, the ſmall Wormeſ of the Droneſ, are far ſmaller artheir firſt bringing forth, then thoſe thatare of the kingly 30 race, and linage of their Dukeſ SWho yer atlength grow greater then any of them allin regard that by labout and trauaile , they waſtand diminiſh nothing of ſuperfluouſ mat— ter, and thoſe gtoſſe humourſ, wherewith they abound ;, aſ alſo that both day and night (like Oxenlying at racke and Manger) they glfittonouſly rauen & ſtuffe themſelueſ with the hony—liquot, which they againe pay forfulldearely,in time of any general dearthand ſcarſity of vittaile and prouiſion.: . tS Further thiſ iſ to be added; that the Drone iſ of a more ſhining black colour, then the truce labouring Bec, he iſ alſo greater then the greateſt, without ſting, fluggiſh, idle, floth— full, withour hatv or courage, cowardouſ and vnapt to war,; "not datring to yenture life & limbe in manly Martiall trade, aſ the true Ligitimate Beeſ will. — ' o Ariſtetle ſaith,that they breed and liue amongeſt the true Beeſ, and when they flye a— broad, they are carryed ſcatteringly, here and there aloſtin the aire aſ it were, withſome violence or tempeſt; ſo exerciling themſelueſ for a time, they returne from whence they came, ther greedily feeding vpon the hony.Now why the droueſ may be compared with the Dukeſ and Princeſ; in teſpe& of their corporature, and: Becſ like vnto them in they? ſting, let vſ heate A»%#ar/leſreaſon . Nawnewould (ſaithhe) there ſhould be ſome diffe< rence, leaſtalwaieſ the ſame ſtock ſhould encreaſe one ofanother confuſedly, without or— der or conſideration; which iſ impoſſible : For o the whole:ſtocke would either be dukeſ or Droneſ. And thereforethe true Beeſ in ſtrength and power ofengendering and bree— ding, are comparable to their Dukeſ, and the Droneſ onely in greatneſſe of body reſem— ble them : to whom if you allow a ſting, you ſhall make fhim a Duke . Theſe Droneſ fur— ther ofthe Grzecianſ are called C#ozrhonzot, becauſe he putteth not forth any ſting : where— of Heſodwſ hath theſe verſeſ thuſ interpreted ; < 20 49 Hinſ Of the Drone. 49 Hint vero D# ſuccenſet & homineſ, quicungue ocieſii:; . Vimat,fuctſ at aleo—carentibuſ ſimiliſ ; ſtudio, Qui apum laborem abſumunt ocioſt Voranteſ.> — >: | In Engliſh thuſ; | } BothGod and men, di/daine that man ©PYVhich Drone like in the hine, } ANor good, nor ill, endenour can to i ,:Ppon himſeife to line, ©: \Butidle iſ, and without ſling, And grieneſ the labouring Bee Denouring that which he home bringſ, Notyeelding help or fee. So that cither he hath no ſting at all, or ellemaketh no vſe.of it for renehgement..: P/—» #y ſaith flarly, thatthey are ſtingleſſe, and would haue theracalled imperfed Beeſ; & the famouſ Poct Vizg@ſtileth them, Zgm@axumm pecmſ : that iſ, idle and vnprofitable, goodfor nothing. Colymel/a maketh them a race or ſtocke of a larger ſize, very like vnto Beeſ,and to accounteththem very aptly to be placed in the ranke of ordinary ſortſ of Creatureſ;ofthe ſame kinde and company withBeeſ . They:ſuffer punniſhmient, and areſcourged many timeſ inthe whole Bee—common—wealth,not onely for pretence of idleneſſe, gluttony,ex= tertion, and raucriouſ greedineſſe,to which they are too much adidted ; but becauſe lack. ing cl;,cli.r ſting, and by that defec&,bcing aſ iſ were emaculated, they dareſhew themſclueſ inpubliqueſ : cobn! Plin)-qdoch not exprefſe their nature and quality. 'The Droneſ are ſtingleſſe, and ſo to beireckoned imperfea Beeſ, and ofthe baſeſtſort, taking their—originall from tyred and worne.out Becſ, and ſuch aſ be paſtlabout and ſeruice, liuing onely vpon a bare penſionſ we may call them the very ſlaueſ and bond—men of the truc Beeſ, to whom they owe all 30 duc homage and ſubie&ionſ::wherefore they (exerciſe.their authority ouer them, thru= ſting them firſt out of dooreſ by head and ſhoulderſ, like a company of drudgeſ totheyr.: worke:; and if they be any thing negligent 'not beſtirring themſclueſ quickly and lively, they give theim correCion , and punniſh'them without all pitty and mercy — For in the monethof Iunc, two or three Beceſ,(cſpecially of the younget fort) willhale out of the Hiue one Drone, there beating of him with there wingeſ;, pricking and tormenting him . with their ſtingeſ , and ifhic offer any reſiſtance to their Lordly rule ; then they violently caſthim downefrom the ſhelfe or ſtep whereon he holdeth; down to the catthaſ thoughſi' they woulckbreake hiſ necke. Thuſ whemthey haue glutted their wilſ, and puriiſhed him; at the full;theyatlength put him to aſhamefulldeath,allwhich we haue oftenbcheld,now 40. withour great admiration and pleaſure. o agdſ ginobiuoo brifoilnuiſborſ Sometimeſ the Droneſ remaine like baniſhed perſonſ, before theenterance pfthc-hlug and dare tor venture to preflein. For three canſeſ ſpecially the Beceſ dodrivie andeaſtout the droneſ : cither when they multiply aboue meaſure , or when they havehot plicey=» nough left for theirlabouterſ, or that they be pinched with hunger and fammſic,for lacke of Hony . And aſ they carry a deadly hatredagainſt the Droneſ, ſoto make it moreap. parant, they will not hurt ſuch perſonſ aſ offer either to take away with theirbate handects any of the droneſ,and to caſt them awayryca, though they bein the greateſt hear of their fight . Ari/#orle in hiſ ninth Booke De hiſto. Animal. Cap. 40— affirmcth, thatBeeſ are engendered apart one from another, if their Captaine liueth: but in caſe their King and 10 Captaine dieſ ſome ſay they breed in theBeeſ celleſ, and thatof all otherſ of thiſ kinde, theyarethemoſtnobleand/couragiotſ, —:; 1—: i C 3 * f 3 The young droneſ are bred without any King, but the trueyounger Becſ f\}cutiſ : fii Tiulr gonteaſ they deriue their originallandpetigree from the kingly ſtocke. Some will: ZY datſſ S tiom 4 young droneſ doc fetch their originall fromthe flowerſ of thchcrbc szf e (deſcri— bed by Pliny, which iſ a kind of Honyſiuckle, hauing the taſt of the Hony and Waxe to— Ehe — H4. gcthcrſi- e \ | © nodtemmncammamaene o ifhcir vieſ, o I he Hiſtor».of Serpentſ. gether) from the Oliue tree and Reede ; but thiſ opinion iſ weakely grounded, and ſtan— deth vpon ſmall reaſobyſ a NSSIE Y e ied HEL a tt Ari3totle affumcth, that theyproceedeftorin the longerand bigger Becſ, yea, and thoſe that are tearmed Thicueſ : which withoutqueſtion he receined cither from the Auncient Philoſopherſ, or ſome otherſ that had the charge and were ſkilfullofordering Honny, thatliued in hiſ time: Some will haue them to breed and come from puttifaCGion, aſ V //A dore from ſtinking and putrified Multſ "Cardankaxo Adſeſyp/uraryke and Serninſ from Hor— ſeſ. Otherſome are of opinion, that they firſtproceedeof. Becſ; and that afterwardſ they degencrate baſtardlike from them, after they hane loſt theiſ ſtingſ; for then they become Droneſ: neither are they afterwardeſ knowne to gatherany Honny, but being aſ it were deprivued of their ſtrength, they growy cffcminate,ceaſing citherto hurt,or to do any good at all. M5ttt iaam Some againe hold the contrary fide; aſſuring vſ vppon their knowledge, that the tue labouring Bee fetcheth hiſ beginning from the Drone, becauſe long experience (the Mai. ſterſ of wiſedome) hath taught vſ, that there iſ yearely knowne to be the greater ſwarme, when thereiſcthe greatet multinide of Droticſ .> But thiſ to me ſeemethriather the do— uiſeand inuention of fome curiouſ braihe; then any trae grounded reaſon. Forbecauſe that many Droneſ breede (aſ it commiethalwaieſ to paſſc in good and plentifull yeareſ) therefore thereſhould be greater'Swarmeſ iſno goodconſequent : but contrariwiſe , be— cauſethe mulritude of Beeſ do greatly incrcale throu ghthe moderateneſ of the pureaite, andthe plenty of the Hony—dropping dew y andthrou gh the aboundance of thiſ milliflu, ouſ moyſture, theremuſtneedſ follow a greater foiſon and ſtore of droneſ ! aſ the Philo— fſopher hath welllobſcttied ſ! But admit tharthiſ be truc, that whereaſ there iſ the greater encreaſe ofdroneſ;therce ſhould yearly eiuethemore fwarmin gſ : yet muſt we not ther—. vpon conclude, thatBecſ do owe, and ought to aſcribe their firſt originall from Dioneſ,) buvtather that they'are indebred and bound in honeſty to the droneſ, becauſe in time of Breeding,they gitiemuch warmthand comfort to their young (aſ Plinylib.11ic.11. aith)' conferring vpþonthem aliuely heat, fit for cheir encreaſe and proſpering . Some deuide: themintoomalecand female, and that by:coupling together they make a propagation of theit kind; althongh (aſ Armendnſ writeth)ncither droneſ nor Beeſ were euer yetſeen of 50 any onetocouple together; o : bmod I ved 2 i } Butwhereaſ Wapeſ, Hornetſ, and other:Cut—waſted creatureſ that make any combſ and breediin the ſamc, haue beene ſometimeſ (chough ſeldoeme) ſeene, both by vſ and 4 riftotle,tcioyne together,I can ſurely ſee no cauſe why we ſhould viterly.takefrom them the vſcofFenwſ, though in thatreſpe& they be very modeſtand moderate. i % Thanebeforcin thediſcourſe oftheir generation ſaid, that the Bceſ do make the male kind,and the Droneſ to be but thefemale ; but fith thatinthe time of H ony—making,they: purniſhthem!ſoſharply aftet they hancdieded them from poſſeſſion fitſt;:ſo that after— wardſ they putthem to death; I can hardly be enduced to beleeue that the. droneſ are but thefemale kind, confſidering that onc thing would ccclipſe and ouercaſtall thoſe reſplen= 40 dantvertiieſ which allmen know to be imBecſ;todeale thuſ cruclly with their Parentſ. Towhatyle therefore ſerue they in hineſ » Sceeing Virgillinthe fourth booke ofhiſ Geor— gikſthuſdeſcribeth them y >< . Ex: to york 3 ; :ſſſſ: Immunifque ſtdefl: Altena a:d pabulafucuſ, — Shamior aſ toJiue by the ſweat of othetmenſ laboutſ } and to bring out ofordetr, 0r yeterly ſeeke tooucrthtow the whole frame of the common wealth, todtiontriob) —\Burthemoſtapprooucd Authorſſet downe ditierſ good yvſeſ of droneſ, Forifthere be Of the Drone. bebutafew of them amiong the Beeſ, they make them the more carefull about their af faireſ, and to looke more ducly to their taſke : not by their good example (ſoſtthccſſſiz ; in continuallidleneiſe ) butbecauſe they might contiriue their Liberality tc,)wa\'des I)L,ranſi gerſ, they worke the more carefully in their Honnie—ſhoppe . And (if Ba7thalemanſ doe not deceine vſ) theſeDroneſ bec notaltogetheridle : but they imploie themſelueſ about thebuilding of the Kingſ Houſe, which they make large, ſtarely, and very ſtimpruouſ in zc}:l Þ;%:Zr and middle part of the Combeſ , being vety faire to ſee too in reſpect of their So then they are but lazie3in reſpee&t of Hony=—making and gatherin *bur ifyou 5 10 toward their Artor ſcience of | buildgng, they er to be ac%oumfid ex ccll%n? Ztcifx};:rlsl L()f(t)}l:: frame and chiefe Maiſterſ of the whole worke » Foraſ the Becſ do faſhion out the combſ ofthe Droneſ nigh the Kingſ Pallace: ſo againe, forthelike counterchange of kindneſ, the Droneſ are the ſole inuentorſ,and principall work—maiſterſ of the Kingeſ Courtſ for ,which cauſe both they and their ofſpring, kinſfolkeſ, and friendſ, (if they have any) are bountifully rewarded of the whole ſtocke of Beeſ; by giving them franckly & freely their dier and maintenance which coſteth thern nothing. The Lockerſ or holeſ of the vp—growne Beeſ, are ſomiewhat to large, if you tepe& the quantity of their bodieſ; but their combeſ lefſet , for thoſe they build themſelueſ, & theſe other are made by the Becſ, becauſe it waſ not thought concnient and indifferent,ſo greag 29 a portion of meat to be ginuen to ſuch vile labouterſ and hirelingſ,aſ waſ due to their own Sonſ and Daughterſ, and tho'e that are naturally ſubie&ſ, f Troetzaeſ, and ſome other Greekeſ doe beſideſ affirme, that the Droneſ Ate the Beeſ Butlerſ or Porterſ to carry them water , aſcribing morcouer to them a gentle and kindly heat, with which they are ſaid to keepe warme , cheriſh and nouriſh the young breede of H]C Becſi 5 by thiſ mecaneſ aſ it were, quickning them , and adding to them both life and reagth. The ſame.affirmeth Colwme//ſ in theſe wordeſ. T he Droneſ further much the Beeſ for the procreation of their iflue, for they ſitting vpon theirkind or generation, the Beeſ are ſhaped and attaine to their figure, and thcrcgrc for the maintenaunce, education, and deſ 39 fence of a new yſſue, they receiue the more friendly entertainement. And Pliny /;b. 11. c 11 differeth not from him . For not onely they are great helperſ to the Beeſ in any ar— chite&Conicall orcunning deuiſed frame (aſ hee ſaith) but alſo they doc good in helping and ſuccouring their young, by giving them much warmth and kindly heat, vvhich the greater it iſ (vnleſſe there be ſome lacke of Hony in the meane ſpace) the greater will the fwarme be. < — b&; 3 ® In ſumme, except they ſhould ſtand the Becſ in ſome good ſtead,che Almighty would neuer haue encloſed them boch in one houſe, and aſ it were made them frcemen of the ſame Citty. Neither doubtleſſe would the Becſ by maine force violently breake in vpon them, aſ being the Sworne and profeſſed enemicſ of their common—wealth, except when 40 their flauiſh mulritude being to much encrcaſed, they might feare ſome violence or rebel® lion, or for lacke of prouiſion : at which time whoſeeth nor, that it were farte betrer the Maiſter VW orke—men, frce Maſonſ, and Carpenterſ might bec ſpared, then the true la bouring Huſbandman, arnd tiller of the Ecarth? Eſpecidllyſince that miſſing theſe; our life iſ endangered for lacke of meate, and other neceſſarieſ, and thoſe other for a time we may very well ſpare without our vndoing, and for a need, evuery one may build hiſ ovenc lodging . But aſ they be profitablemembetſ, not exceeding a ſtinted and eertaine numſ ber, ſo if they be to many, they bring a ſickneſſe called the Hive—cuill,aſ well becauſe they conſume the food ofthe hony—making Beeſ, aſ for that in regard of their extreamc heat; they choke and ſuffocate them. ſ $9, _Thiſ diſcaſe iſ by the Authour of Geoporifcon thuiſ remedycd . Moyſten with _VV aſ ter inwardly the lidde or coucring of their Hine , and earely in the Morning opening it; you fhall finde Droneſ ſitting on the droppeſ that are on the couctſ, for becing: glutted with Honny , they are exceeding thirſtie , and by thar meaneſ they vvill ſlicke faſt to the moyſt and Devyvic placeſ of the Coucr : $o that vvith ſmalladoe; you ſſ]"); t f t : ELAS OfBeeſ cal— Tod thecueſ. Their vſeſ, T he Hiſloric of Serpentſ. gither deſtroye them quite , or elle if you pleaſe, take away what number you liſt your ſelfe. And if you will take away withall their young , who are notyet winged , and firſk pulling offthcir headeſ throw them among the other Beeſ , youſhall beſtow on then a very welcome dinner . But what the dreaning of Droneſ portended , and what marter they Miniſter in the Hieroglyphicall Art, let Appyaſ/weriſ reucale and diſcloſe out of the Schooleſ of the Egyprianſ and Perſranſ . I thinke I haue diſcharged my duety,ifI haue ſet dovyne theix true Vieſ , true Nature, generation, degeneration, deſcription , and nameſ» Fur in Latine, or Theefe in Engliſh, iſ by Ari/#orle callct Phoor ,,of Heſjchinſ Phoorioſ: from whence Itake the Latine word Fwz to be deriued. Some haue thought that theeueſ 19 are one proper ſorr of Becſ, although they be very great, and blacke, hauing a larger bel— lic or Bulke then the true Bee, and yet leſſer then the, Droneſ , they haue purchaſed thiſ theeuiſh name, becauſe they doe by theft and robbery deuoure Honny , belonging to etherſ, and not to them. The Beeſ do eaſily endure, and can wellaway with the preſence of the droneſ, and do aſ it were greete and bid one anorher welcome, but the Theeueſ they cannot endure, in regard that the Beeſ do naturally bate them , for in their abſence the Theeueſ priuily and by ſtealth creepe in, there robbing and conſuming their treaſure of Honny, ſo greedily and haſtily (without chewing) ſwallowing it downe, that becing met withall by the truc Becſ in their returne homewardſ, & found ſo vnweildy by meanſ ofthcir fulneſſe, that they cannot get away »nor be able to reſiſt, but are ready to burſt a— 20 gaine, they are ſeuerely punniſhed, and for their demieriteſ by true Iuſtice put to death, Neither thuſ onely do they prodigally conſume & ſpend the Beeſ meate,but alſo privilic breed in their celleſ, whereby it often commeth to paſſe,that there are aſ many droneſ & Theeueſ, aſ true and lawfull Beeſ. Theſe neither gather Hony, nor build houſeſ, nox help to beare out any mutualllabor with Beeſ : for which cauſe they haue W atch—men or W arderſ appointed to obſerue and ouerſceby night ſuch aſ are ouerwearied by taking great and vndefatigable paineſ in the day time, to ſecure them from the Theeueſ and Robberſ , who if they perceiue any Thecfe to be ſtolne in a dooreſ , they preſently ſet vppon him, beate, and cither kill him outright, or leauing him for halfe dead, they throw him out . Oftentimeſ alſo it happe— 39 neth, that the T hecfe being glurted and oucrcloyed with Honny, cannot fly awayorget — himſelfe gone in time, but lyeth wallowing before the Hineſ entrance, yntill hiſ encmieſ either in comming forth or returning home do ſo find him , and ſo with ſhame diſcredit and ſcoffing—ſcorne ſlay him. Ariſtotle appointcth no office, charge or buſineſſe to the Theefe, but T thinke thathe iſ ordained for thiſ end, that he might be aſ it were a ſpur to prick forwardſ, to whet and quicken the courage of the truc Beeſ, when the other offer them any iniury : and to ſtirte and encourage them to a greater vigilancy, diligence, and doing of right and iuſtice toc— uery one particularly . For I cannot ſee to what other purpoſe Thieucſ ſhould ſerue in 2 Chriſtian common—wealth, or what vſe might be made of ſuch aſ lie in waight to do diff 4o pleaſure, and practiſe by crafty fetcheſ, Ambuſheſ, and deceitfull treacherieſ; to wound their Neighboutſ, either in their eſtimation, credit, or goodeſ . Thuſ hauing atlargedif> courſed of the leſſe hurtfull and ſtinging ſort of Becſ, I will now apply my ſelfe to amore fumiſh, teſty, angry, W aſpiſh,and implacable genera— — tign, more venemouſ then the former, I mcane Waſpeſ and Hornetſ. or $9 Oſt/ae Waſ]ct)eſſ 83 ""OF VVASPES. . Waaſpe of the Chaldeanſ iſ tearmied Delbzane : Of the Ara, bianſ Zamber. Ofthe Evgliſh—men a WypÞe.Ofthe Germanſ Eine VVlffiſ- O_f(hc Belgics Harſtſil , Of the Gotheſ goolGe— D— Bontam. tingh.The common pcople of 7ralytearme it Veſpa,and ſome of them do vſually call it My/eoze, and the Bononianſ Pye/— p4. The Freoch Gweſpe. The Spaniardſ Abiſþa, and Veſpa imi— tating the Latineſ,who call it VepÞſ. T he Polonianſ O/z. The Slauonianſ Woſſ: The Hungarianſ Daraſ. Calepine ſaith that it iſ called Veppa , gn# veſper? muſcaſ venatur in cibum . The e E Greekeſ do alſo name them dinerſly, for commonly they ate called Sphekeſ. The Scholiaſt of Nicaxder calleth them LZucyſþadeſ, and Suidaſ Dellideſ, & Delitheſ: Of Heſychinſ Anleta, and Paſſalereſ ,; ind Gaxza nicknameth them A#threnaj : for theſ@ought tather to be called' Becſ . Ewx@Aarhivſ deriueth Towſ ſpekaſ, apoTeſ diafpha— gon,becauſe they ſceeme to bee ſd mitch cut—aſunder inthe Wialtormiddie, aſ thatthey ſeeme to pape and to be cleane clouen aſtnder, 'aſ by the figure here ſer before your eyeſ t0 youriay plainely perceine. A VV aſpe iſ a kinde of inſe&, that iſ, ſwift, liuing in routeſ and companieſ together, hauing ſomewhat a long body encircled, with with foure mem— bratouſ wingſ,(where of the two former are the greateſt)withour bloud, ſtinged inward— ly, hatiing alſo ſixe feere) and a yellow colout, ſomewhat gliſtering like Golde, garniſhed with diverſ blacke ſporſ allouer the body in forme of a triangle. W hercupon peraduen= ture P#/Zia would needſ haue it called Dinchraſox f "Thebody of a Waſpe ſeemeth to be faſtened and tyed rogether to. the middeſt of the breaſt; with a certaine thinne finethred or line, o that by meaneſ of thiſ diſioyned, and hot well compacted chmpoſition, they ſceme very feeble in theit loineſ, or rather to have none at all. Whereupon Ar/#ophaneſ the Greeke Poct, in hiſ Comedy, entituled Sppe— 30 reſ or VV aſpeſ, tearmcth all thoſeMaidſ which are fine, ſlender, and pretty ſmall in the waft, Spherodeiſ, reſembling them to Wiaſpeſ ; aſ if one ſhould callthem W aſpe—wa— ſted—wencheſ, whom Terence very quaintly and elewantly tearmeth Junceaſ, that iſ, ſlen— detylong, and ſmall, like to a Bulruſh. I think that allthe whole pack of them haue ſtingſ in generall; although 'I am not ignorant thatſome Authorſ hold the contrary, affirming that the bfeeding female VV aſpeſ doe want them : but thuſ much I can ſaty of my owne knowledge, that on a time finding a W aſpeſ neſt, and killing them every one by pou— ting hot ſcalding liquor into their holeſ, becauſe I would boult out the ttuth, I plainely perceinued by long viewing of their Bodieſ, that there waſ not one of them all but hadde a ſting, cither thruſt out euidently, or cloſely and ſecretly kept and couered. So that: 2 ——4 | ) 4.0 — 2 — 4 | Ouid nobiſ certiuſ ipſiſ Senſibuſ eſſe poteit, qito vera ac falſa noternuſ, —! In Engliſh thuſ; ® What can more certaine be then ſence, Diſcerning truth fromfalſe pretence. They make a ſound aſ Becſ do, but more fearefull, hideouſ, terrible, and whiſtclingeſ. Excret #. pecially when they are proucked to wrath; from whence Thevcrituſ {etcfſſ\etl_l chiſ -Pmſii uerb,Sphex bomboom tettigoſ enantion;that iſ,Scilicet 0ctbſtrepztctm argute -zſſgſim cgſadſ(l.l an 50 thiſ old ſaid ſaw may well be applyed to thoſe who being themſelueſ vnlcaux: ſ wl ſſio[t titommant ſticke to ery out, exclaime, and procute trouble to thoſe tbat bemore !Icar\%c : or to ?c :[ aſ be weake, feeble, and impotent perſonſ able to do nothing , th?.t_wi_.l lo. Cſſfſitoſſcoſixld with their betterſ and ſuperiorſ with their brawling ſpeecheſ, and ſpitefullraylingſ. An thiſ latine proucrb carrieth the ſame ſenſe, Catiduſ leonem adlatranſ— temilde If you will hane the giftſ and ornamentſ of their mindſ deſeribed, you muſt confiuer Lor EhaE T he Hiftorie of Serpentſ. that a VV aſpe iſ a creature that lineth in companieſ together, one with another,ſubieQ io a ciuill gouernment vnder ene King or Ruler, induſtriouſ, mutuall friendeſ one to ano.. ther, ingecniouſ; crafty, ſubtle, quicke, and cunning, of a very quarrelſome nature, and much ſubic& to anger and teſtineſle . Thiſ iſ a good Argument of their ciuill and politicall manner of life, in that they lme not ſolitarily in a deſartor Wilderneſſewhere no mankeepeth, but they build for themſclueſ a Citty, both excellent and admirable for the notable buildingſ and houſeſ in it, where they ſpend their rime (for the moſt part) ac, cording to themutable and neucr fayling laweſ of Nature , obſeruing and keeping eucr the Golden meane, aſ well in their daily taſkeſ, aſ in their diſfoſttionſ and affecionſ of mind= } i } iBegſ Beſideſ, they are goucrned with a kingly , not withia tyrannicallgouctnment, (aſ Ae4,. »uſ ſaith) alchough by nature they are great fighterſ, eger, boyſterouſ, and yehemently tempeſtuouſ : and he iſ led to ſay thiſ, becauſe their. Dukeſ or gencralſ are ſtingleſſe, or xather hauing ſtingſ aſ their SubieCtſ, they will not vſe the ſame to the hurt of thcir infc. vtiorſ, by thruſting it forch; or ſtriking in paſſion. atnſ 3 + Now although they be twice ſo great, and hardet or rougher then the other Waaſeſ; yevare they not vnfuruiſhed of the vertue of patience and clemency, or gentle and debo. —naite behauioutr, by which mcaneſ they keepe in order, and containe in their liſtſ, aſit were by gentle language , their vnoruly rout, and mutinouſ companieſ. There iſ no man but will confefle, that thiſ iſ an cuident token and Argument of thecir mutualllouc, and great good liking which they bear one to another : forwhoſocuer date be ſo knack—hardy aſ to come neere there houſeſ or dwelling placeſ where they hane to do, and to offer any violence or hurt to the ſamd , at the noyſe of ſome. one of them , all the whole Swarme ruſhethout, being put into an amazed feare, to help their fellow Cittizen, and docſo bu— ſily beſtifre themſelueſ about the eareſ of theit moleſterſ , aſ that they ſend themaway packing with more then an ordinary paſe, and if we will credit Aclianmſ . T he Phaſeliteſ in timeſ paſt were conſtrained to forſake their Citty, for all their. defence , munition, and Armout, onely through the mulitude, and cruellfierceneſſe of the VV aſpeſ, wherewith they wereanoyed. t Pracumtant re t Againe, thiſ manifeſtly prooucth, that they wantnot a harty and. fatherly affeGion, becauſe with more then heroycall conrage and inuincible fury , they ſet vpon all perſonſ, of what degrec or quality ſocuer, that dare attempt to lye in wait to hurt or deſtroy theyr young breede, no whit atalldreading Negprolemuſ, Pyrrhuſ, Hettor, Achilleſ, or Aga— memmon him(elfc, the Captaine generall of all the whole Greecianſ if he were preſent. Yea the Diuine Poct Homer, in 12, L#+b. of hiſ Iliadeſ, when hee would expreſſe the haughty and generouſ ſpiritſ ofthe Greckiſh Chiefetaineſ, hee likeneth them to VW aſpeſ in theſe wordeſ, Spekeſſin ajoloiſ cradien kai Thumon echouſariſ, that iſ, havin g the hartſ and ſto. mackſ of W aſpeſ, when they are to fight for their private dwellingſ , their deare Proge— ny & of—ſpring, T he louc that Beeſ carty to their iſiEcis great,but it canot be greaterthen that of waſpeſ, neither can they hauc a greater promptitude, alactity, or deſire to defend their young oneſ, if they be any way offended by paſſengerſ. W hich thing Homer in hiſ liadſ lib. 12. inſinuateth by the example of the chafing God Zupiter, who took it marucy® louſ angrty, and much repined at the ſturdy ſtomackeſ of the Grzecianſ , adding that the Greekſ did defend themſelueſ aſ valiantly, and endured the ſhock and aſſault of their ent—» mieſ, aſ ecuce VW aſpeſ or Beeſ would in defence of their children or iſſue : in theſe verſeſ following ; ſ þ Non enim ego putani heroaſ Achineſ Suſtentaturoſ noStrum robur, & manuſ inuidl aſ Jil antemn quaſiveſþe acreſ atd, apeſ, QDue nidoſ faciunt ad viam pulucrulentam, Neque deſerunt canam domum : ſed expeitanteſ, Viroſ venatoreſ pugnant pro filyſ. That iſ to Gy ; 1 did not thinke our noble Gratian Leydſ, could beare Our force, and with vncongnered handſ maintaine Our 19 10 w» 9 48 go Oſ the W ſh& 85 Our righſ : but they like Waſpeſ and Beeſ denoide b cadre, Which by high—wayeſ :/zeirZuſ:: vſe to fmmi, f}® Doe not forſake their hollow da 3t y homeſ, What ere they be that come to bunt them Oont: ' Fighting with valoar, (nor "fearefully like Droneſ) To rid their young oneſ bothfrom death and dowbt, Bcſid.cs thiſ, they furthcſir builde for them very large dwellitigſ , with Chamberſ and ;o flooreſ, in a round and orblcqlar forme, with roomeſ one aboue another, finely and witſ tily compacted, fo that there iſ ſpace enough of ingreſſe and regreſſe, and very defenſible againſt all windeſ and weather, and yet their neſtſ or houſeſ , are not all made after ond fathion, but very different , ſome of them repreſenting a Harpe , ſome made much after the faſhion of a Peate, a Toadeſtole, a Borttle, or budgeſ of Leathet; and ſome like aſtan— ding cuppe with handleſ. t Some affirme, that the matter of theyr Combeſ iſ confuled, rude , and ilfauouredlic heaped vppec, full of barke and ſand, but I could neuer aſ yet ſecit otherwiſe then light, Qender, and thinnelike paper, dry, tranſparent, gummy and thinne , aſ thoughivyere thinne leaueſ of gold, ſhaken very caſily hither and thithet with the wind, and riſing ma— ſ ny timeſ from the foote or foundation very ſmall, and broade aboue like vnto a top. The place of thiſ their building, iſ thought to be diverſ , and much different for ſome reſpedtſ. For if they hauc loſt theyr Duke or principall Leader, then doc they make them neſteſ of clay in the high holeſ of wallſ and hollow T'reeſ ; and aſ ſome ſay (although hetherto J ould neuer ſec it) they thake vvaxe there alſo. . } But in caſe they haue a Generall or Duke, then they make their neſteſ vnder the earth; their Cellſ or Chamberſ becing formed with ſixe angleſ or cornerſ, much like vnto Becſ: They make theyr Combeſ tound, much after the faſhion of a broade Toadeſtoole, from whoſe centerſ there gocth forth aſ it were a ſhort ſtalke or tying , by which the Combe eleaucth, and iſ faſtened hard to thearth, or ſome Tree , or peraduenture to ſome orhc:ſi 3o Combe. They haue ſuch a tender care oucr their fcmales,(cſpccially at ſuch time aſ chr.-_y are great with young,) and ſuffer them ſo much to hauc their owne willſ a aſ they wil} neither permit them to take any payneſ abroadc for theyr liuing nor yet to ſeeke for their meate at home : But the maleſ flying about, (like good Purneigherſ,) bring all home to their owne dwellingſ, thereby aſ it were ſtri fly enioyning the femallſ io keepc theſeineſ within doreſ. All which fore—cited particulerſ, ifaman would dulie enter into conſidcration ofthem, heemuſt nceedeſ cenfefle, (will hee nill hee) the admirable induſtry, d(!igcncg,-uſlt,ppxl; dence, Att, ſweat, and labour that iſ in theſe poore yerminc. Their ſ}acurall inclination to anger, and the haſtic ſumiſhneſſe of W aſþeſ, not onely Cockeſ,which doc (cratcl_l andſi 4o ſcrape vppe with their ſpurreſ their neſtſ, doc finde implacable, but evuen all other diſtury betſ and prouckerſ ; From whence (I take it) that proucrbe hath ſprung , Sphekjan eriy thizein, which the Latineſ, aſ Playtuſ almoſt in the ſame ſence vſcth , Iſritargc{'al*rm:.f: For Crabro among the Poctſ , iſ vſed ſometitheſ for a Hornet, and other—whileſ for z Waſpe. . * i lnlfikc manner, Clemenſ Alexandrinuſ, Str omaton 2. when hic would expreſſe and de— clate the fouleneſſe and abhominable hurt of ſuch ſinneſ that doelyc in waite , aſ it were to Zlccciuc, and watch to doc diſplcaſure to the life of man, hath theſe wordeſ, Howra/ gay Yfl uit) 0i antagoniſt ai pacheiſ koij Olumpicoi,ſphecon haſ cipein eiſt drirhuterai , kat "fffil{f 7 ea7one. That iſ, theſe fatte, dull, groſſe and Olimpicall enemieſ ofourſ , are worſer ther 50 Waſpeſ morectucll and diſþleafant, and eſpecially ſenſuall and worldly pleaſure: Yea, _ whoſocuer dare aduenture to challenge into the fielde thiſ hardie and couragiotſ lietle cteature, hee ſhall (I dare be bolde to lay) but Cadmeam; vid?oriam Feportare ; looſe mo]_rc then hee ſhall get, whet hiſ ſword againſt himfelfe, and returne hc_)ctr_ſſn; by weeping crofi & conſidcring that beſideſ the nobleneſ oftheir ſtout ſto_macks , and arined ſtingeſ, they are withall ſo ſtiffe and obſtinate, aſ that they will never gine outcr. Enrr ſ " I They f | | | | | W CX T he Hiſtorie of Serpentſ. They differallo in their firſt breeding, ſtocke, ſexe, place, feeding, and manner of iaſ bour. /ſidore layth, (although perhapſ not ſotrulie) that Waſpeſ doe firſt proceed from the rotten carkaſſeſ ofdead Aſſeſ : for all holde opinion, that the blacke Filyeſ called Bee— tleſ, doetake their originall from them, But I am rather mooued to thinke , thatthey were firſt bredde from the dead bodie of ſome warlike and ferce Horſe , and ſo alſo thin. keth Pliny, in hiſ cleuenth booke & twentith chapter. And the Grzecianſ haue yvſually thiſ famouſ and vulgar verſe in their ordinary talke. Hippoimen ſphekon geneſiſ, Tamr 0i de melifſon, — Equi enim veſparum generatio, Tawri verd Apum, c 5 In Engliſh thuſ; Waſpeſ doe firſt come from Horſeſ, and Beeſ are bred from Bullſ, And ſurely, their incredible ſwiſtneſſe in their flight, thcir ardeot and burning deſitg they haue to fighting, are ſufficient inducementſ to mooue me to thinke, that they tooke theyr firſt beginning from ſame gallant Horſe, and not from Afſeſ,Oxen, or Coweſ, & much leſſe from the fearefull Deere., Fot dame Nature hath ſildome beene ſo indulgent and friendly to any one beaſtbeſideſ an horſe, aſ to excell both in ſwiftneſ of pace,quick. neſſe of ſpirit, courage of ſtomacke, and magnanimity. And I rather leane to thiſ ſide, becauſe elſ I doc not know what ſence I ſhould giue to that A7i/farelear prouctbey . 22 Uhairete acllopodoon thugatereſ ippoon, : Saluctevolucripedum filia Equorum : WW hich may beenglithed thuſ; All hayle yee daughterſ of ſwiſt—foored/fiforſeſ. For beſideſ the truth that lyeth in the bare wordeſ, I takethe morrall of ittobevtte— red aſ a wittie checke, or a figurative flout,conceitedly to rebuke & hitin the teeth,choſe ſhrewd women, curſt and ſcolding witteſ, which are ſo peeuiſh that they willnot bepactſ . fied, who are like vnto waſpeſ in their ſullen diſþleaſant humoutſ, tempeſtuouſ madneſ, 39 and pelting chaſe. i Some waſpeſ doc proceede from the ſtinking carkaſſe of a Crocodile, if wee may give any credite to the Egyprtianſ and their felloweſ 5 and for that cau ſe,when they imagineor thinke a waſpe, they paint and draw out the ſhape and formſ of a Crocodile or a Horſeſ FErom hence Aerom Cardan would make thiſ colle@Gion , that of eucry corrupted liuing creature, another doth proceede : which in my conceit iſ very abſurd and againſt all rea— fon. For thiſ becing granted, the generation of walpeſ would beinfinite; and daily expe» tience would read a LeGuire of contradiGion againſthim, vpon the progreſſe of Natwreſ workeſ. Many timeſ waſpeſ doc breede by themutuall company of che male:& female together, which though Azhenewſ counterh but afable, yet for all that , fith the Philoo— 49 her doth plainely tell vſ., that hee hath beene an eyc—witneſ to the ſame; (aſ in hiſ firſt ooke De generat. Animal. cap . 16. and inhiſ ninth booke De h//#or. Animal. cap. A13) E will wholy incline to hiſ indgement.. But whatmanner of beginning they:haue by io7 ning together, and how it iſ perfited & accompliſhed,let vſ a little lend our liſtening ealreſ to Ariſtetle, and Pliny hiſ Interpreter. 56 . The Princeſ or Ring—leaderſ of the walpeſ , when they haue madechoyce ofafitplace for themſelueſ vnder the earth, cither in the holeſ, chinckſ, or cleftſ of theRockeſ orl! thatched houſeſ, (aſ I haue often ſeene) there they make therecombeſ incthe beginuing of Sommer, faſhioning their ſmall cellſ with foure little doreſ, wherein ſmall wormeſ do breedc, who when they are more growne, they makeyet othet greater— doreſ or haticheſ, #9 and then againe, when theyr young areat the greateſt, hey make otherſ;ſothat towaſ_ds the end of Autumne, you ſhalkfind many, and thoſe very large neſteſ : whetin their prim© cipall Commaunder doth breed, notwith enuery waſpcindifferently, but onely with tho of hiſ owne race and princely linage. Theyare bredin the moſt eminent and higheſt place of the waſpe—neſt, like vnto great wormeſ, their celleſ being foure or five in number, cloflj 5 , he — — —— — 1oync J Of the Weſpe. ioypcd and couched together; for gtherwiſe reipectſ aſ thecommon waſpeſdoe. [T hocxccenoariſ onely inthe ſmall wormeſ, and their young increaſe remaineth im— ſſxzoſixca?lq wlthog: any ſtirring before they be able to flycyand whilſt they are conered aſ inwerelwitha thinuemembrane, and yet inthe ſame ſeaſon of the yeere, and—in the ſpace ofone day,ſiyþg.ſilall manifeſtly perceine a great difference: for one flyeth out »oanothct ſtickerh ſtill aſ ieere in the ſhell, another rolleth and tumbleth; and afourch cannoriſtic one whit, 2 Albtheſd hfliZt.llieglLbcglſſl1!1i ug and increaſefor the moſt pautimAututune, hov. . in the Spring, and ſpeeially in the full of the Moone. Thiſ one thinghere iſ to be floted; fo ;h;c_walpcs do_;_noc ſ,wſſ:z_ſſrme_, and thatin Sominicer—time they areſubic& 'to Kingſ,and in = Winter, Ginateccrateiaſthe femaleſ reziment , or dMuyliebreimperium: prevailech . And. when they haug xenued and repaytred theit iſſue with a greavſupply, & thatthcy be/freſh and luſtic, ,thcſſ:_ſſctEmpirc againe returneth to the:Maſculine kinde — and yeviciſ buvathorty britrle,and ruinouſ Empite,notable tobearevpirſelfe; although by Natuteſ immutable decrce; ordcrly ruled, and rightfully gonuerned. thod (oxſNo Ped Sbriet Ariſtotle laithythat it iſ novlikely thartheyoung waſpeſ are brought forth aſ abropdſ, becauſe they beſoigteat in bulke, aſ that in reaſon it ſhould notſeeme: probable ; that ſa, ſmallafye aſ a waſpe, ſhould hauc ſuch great young ongſ..But thiſ iſ a bare & weake rea= ſon,norbeſeeming thedignitie of ſo great a Philolopher. Forwhatcan anuymamalleadge *9 totheconwatyy why Nature.in alawfall bitch and breeiing,:ſhouldnot aſfſoone, andaſ ſpeedily finiſh, and make to grow and increaſe, aſ ſhee doth in generation that proccedeſ: of rorrenneſ of.cormprionſ which:Dhold to be butillegitimate. Let vſ but call.tomifide young birdſ, inm how ſhore a timeaſter they be out of the ſhell; they be feathered J.they, be able;to goe, to eate, yea.quickly increaſed in ſtrength, and grownerotheyr full bredurck; ſochattheyarein their full flowre ere one be aware. Allwhich when one hath through= lyconfidered, helwillcaſily indge, that frmouſ Phyloſophet 4ri/fdrle, to hane relyed but ypor a weake proppe; hauing ſcarſe probability to ſtand onhiſ lide for the maintenance of hiſ opinion. Hiſ credit therefore at thiſ timemuſt notbeſufficient tobarte vſthe liberſ tie of contradicting him, — y Ainmol . nidoubd med — 39 __ The ſame Ari/totle, the monarch of ourmoderne learning,ſaith, thattheſmal wormeſ a of waſpeſ, before they haue any wingſ atallyare ſome—whatlong ,;:normuch vnlike thoſe wormetſ which ZZppocrateſ calleth Ew/a#y that breede in fieſh called (aſ TLindge)maggotſ, butin our country,Gentileſ; & theſe waſpiſh wormeſ areſomewbhatwhite, knowne and cafily diſcerned by cheir Clitgor daſheſ,the hinder part of thcir body being very thicke and grofle, hauing a black liſtor linexunning alon g their backſ;without feet,nor ereeping;but rolling & tumbling theſelueſ.thiſ way & that way confuſedly. VV hen they hauc diſbur— thened themſelueſ of their breed,chey cloſe vp their cellſ with a certaine thin ſmall Skinne; which againe becing broken: when they come to anyperfettion or growth; thicy getthe— ſelueſ our of doreſ into the clecre light, &attwo daieſ erid wil beabie to flice round about. 40 The Philoſopher maketh two kindſ of waſpeſ,;'the are wild & fell;theothermore meckg and quict. The wilder ſort iſ ſildom ſccne,fgr they liue & brecd inmountaineſ & woodſ; in Oke trceſ, & vot in the earth, and thiſ kind iſ greater;blacker, more dinerſly coloutred, & ſtingethmore cruelly then the other. — After they hauelined one whole yeere»they are ſeene to flieaway ,if in the winterthetree be cutdowne. T—heſe kinde of waſpeſ I dld once fee in a wood in Eſſex,where going vnwarily to gatherſimpleſ withavothcr Phifitian, & offending one ofthiſ fumiſh generation,the whole ſwarme of them preſently ruſhedforth about minc eareſ, & ſurely had I not had in my hand ſome ſprigſ or brancheſ of broome for my defenice; I had vndoubtedly payde deerely for thiſ my vnaduiſedneſ, if it had not coſt me my life, for they purſued me in cuery place of the wood, with avehcmentrapgefor fo a long ſeaſon, infomuch that J waſ faine to take me to my heeleſ,& ſo to R'ckg to ſaue my ſelſe ſrom farcher danger. And if our owne countriman Sir Fravei Drake himſelfe had beene thereyalthough hee waſ (aſ Meterapmſ a ſtranger, (and fo anarmll) in hiſ Pelgick Hiſtoric right truly obſerued;) Owpinm? duenm noftri ſeceli fortiſcinwſ ac fameſiſfinmſ, yet Imake no doubt, but he would have taken my part, and beene a companion withme in thiſ my fearcfull flight, they would encteaſeafter the ſaine fort inall I2 — Some T he Hiſtorie of Serpentſ. Some oftheſe vvaſpeſ, aſ well thoſe of the eveller kinde aſ thoſe of thegentler , doe lacke a ſting, (or rather I thinke they vſe it not.) Otherſomeagaine of both{ortſ, are fur— niſhed with ttingeſ, and thoſe thatwantthem; are euer thelefler and weaker , neither re— ucoging themſclueſ any way, nor offering to make reſiſtance; ©Contratiwiſe, thoſe who: haue ſtingſ are greater; ſtronger , more quarrellouſ, contentiouſ , ſtubbutre and eager; Someaccount theſe themaleſ, and thoſe other ſtingleſſe to be the femaleſ.. Many of thoſe which haueſtingeſ,doefor—goc and quirelooſe them when Winccr draweth on, ſ ſome makereckoning;but it waſ neuermy hap to ſee thiſ,ſaith the Philoſopher,inhiſ 9 booke Dehiſt: Animal:capit. 41. d T ndoMod trn: vheWogi bne ghnceoi): If youcaich aW aſpe, holding herfaſt by the feete , ſuffering her tomakeher vſuall humming ſound, youſhallthauceallthoſe that lacke ſtingeſ preſently comeflying about you, which the ſtinged waſpeſ neucer are ſeene to.doe: 'Thertore ſome held thiſ aſ a good 1@aſoit to prooue; that the one ſhould be the male, the other the female. Both theſeſortſy both wilde and vnwilde, haue beene ſcenctoconple'together after the manner of Fiyeſ. Beſideſ, (in reſped ofſexe) both kindeſ of walpeſare deuided inco Captaineſ or Ringlea— detſ;yandintolabouterſ,chole former are cuer greater in quantitie, and of more calmedif— poſition ;theſeothet, bothleſſer, more froward, teſtie, pecuiſh , and divierſ.. The maleſ otlabourerſ, neucr linconc whole yecre full out, but all of them die in the winter—time, which iſ cuident by thiſ, becauſe in the very beginning of cold weather;they are aſ it were frozen or benummed , and in the depth or midſt of hard winter, a man ſhall hardly or ne— uerſceany ofthem. C E Butyer for all that, their Dukeſor principail Chicferaineſ, arefeene allthe winterlong roly@Kidde in their lurking holeſ vnder the carth: and indeed many men wh they plow— edor broke vppe the ground; and digged in winter, have found of thiſ ſort. But aſ for the labouring waſpe, I never aſ yet heard of any that could finde them. Theyr Principallor Captainle, iſbroader, thicker, more pondcrouſ and greater then the male waſpe, and ſo not very ſwift in flight, for the weightineſ of their bodieſ iſ ſuch an hinderance to them; thatthey.cannot flie very farre : whereby it commeth to paſſe , that they evſer remaine at Homſc in their hineſ,cthere making and deuiſing their combeſ, of a certaine glutinouſ mat— rerordubſtance; brought vato them by the worke—waſpeſ : thuſ ſpending theit time in cx. ecuring and dooing all thoſe dutieſ that are meet,;in their Cellſ. C VV aſpeſ are not long liued , for theyr Dukeſ (who line longeſt,) doe not exceede tvvo yeereſ: And thelabouting, that iſ the male waſpeſ,cogether with Autumne, makean end ofthcirdayeſ. Yea which iſ more ſtrange, whether their Dukeſ or Captaineſ of the for— mct yeere,afterthey haue ingendered and brought forch new ſprong vp Dukeſ, doc dye, rogether with the newe waſpeſ, and whether thiſ doe come to paſſe after one & the ſelfe— fameorder, or whether yerthey doc and may liue any longer time, diverſ men dodiver® ly doubt. All men hold the wilder kind to be more ſtrong ofnature, and to continue and hold out the longer. For why, theſe other making their neſtſ neere vnto common high— wayeſ and beaten pathſ, doe linue in morchazard, lyc open to diverſ iniurieſ, and ſo more ſubie& to ſhortneſ of life. D The brevuity of their life, iſ after a fort recompenced,,and ſome part of amendſ made by the rare clammy glewiſhneſ of the ſame : for if you ſeperate their bulkeſ from the head, & . thehead from the breaſt, they will line a long while after, and thruſt out their ſiingalmoſt aſ ſtrongly aſ if they were vndeuidable, and free from burt and deatheſ hatrme. Apolloniuſ calleth waſpeſ Omoboeroi, and Ariſtotle, Meloborvi , although they doe not onely feede on rawe fleſh,but alſo on peareſ, plummeſ, grapeſ, reyſinſ, and on diverſ and ſundry ſortſ of flowerſ and fruiteſ ; of the inyce of Elmeſ,Suger, Hony , and in a manntF of all thingſ that are ſeaſoned, tempered, made pleaſant, or prepared with eyther of theſe two laſt rehearſed; Pliny in hiſ 1 1. booke capir. 53. iſ of opinion that ſome waſpeſ, eſpecially thoſe of the wilder & feller kind,do eate the fleſh of Serpentſ, which iſ the cauſe that death hath ſome— timeſ enſied of their poyſonouſ ſtinging. They alſo hunt after great flyeſ , not one yyhit ſparing the harmeleſle Beeſ, who by their good deedeſ have ſo well deſerued. According to the nature of the ſoyle & place, they do much differ in their outward forme & faſhioflf 0 30 49 g@ Of the Waſpe. 59 oftheir boa%yſi ctſif]d in themannerof their qualitieſ and diſþoſitionſ of cheirmind ; for the comlmoſi w lajpcx beeing acgugmtcd, & f_'amlharly vied to the company of men & beaſtſ, are the gent Ll'ct? ut the Hermiteſ and ſolitary waſpeſ, are more rude, churlith ; and temſ peſtuouſ : yea AZearder termeth them O/a2z, that iſ, perniciouſ, They atealſo more yn happy, d;:ngerou;, and deadly in very hote countricſ , aſ Ouidin; reporteth , and namelie in lh(ſſ: V\[ c\ſt-lndlcs : \vhcrc bochintheir magnitude and figure» there iſ greatdifference berwixt theirſ and ourſ,ſo that tþcy are accounted farre more poyſonouſ & deadly,then cxthcF the Eng}lſh; Frcnch_, Spamſhſſ, or Batbarian waſpeſ. Some':of theſe dangcrouſ ge< iſ :fl:.(tlx]oct;]oc alſo abgu*x}d inexceeding cold Commtrigſ, ?s Olaiwſ Magnuſ in hiſ 22, booke Theiryſe iſ greatand fingulet : for beſideſ that they ſetue for foode to thoſe kinde of Hawkeſwhich are called Kaiſtrellſ or Fleingalls,Marcincts,Swallowcs,Owles,to Brockſ or Badgerſ, and to the Camelcon : they alſo doe great pleaſure and ſeruice to men ſundry wayeſ, forchey kill the Phalangium, which iſ a kind of venomouſ Spydety that hath in all hiſ leggeſ threeknotſ ot ioyntſ, whoſe poy{on iſ perilouſ and deadly, and yetwaſpeſ do curetheit woundſ. i i \ Raynard the Foxe likewile, who iſ ſo full of hiſ wileſ and craftie ſhiſting, iſ reported to lyc inwaite to betray waſpeſ after thiſ ſort. The wilie thicfe thruſtethhiſ buſhic tayle into the walpeſneſt, there holding it ſo long,. vutill bee perceiue it be full ofthem, then drawſ *0 ing itflylie forth, he beateth and ſmyteth hiſ taylc-f%!l of waſpeſ againſtthe next flonc ov tree, neucer reſting ſo long aſ hec ſecthany of them aliue ; and thuſ playing hiſ Foxe—like Pm% nzlany timeſ together, at laſthee ſetteth vppon their combeſ » deuouring all that he can find . \ i ; Pliny greatly commendeth the ſolitary walp to be very effeetuall againſt a Quartaine—A— gue, if you carch her with your Icft hand, & tyeorfaſten her to any part of your body, (alſ wayeſ prouided, that it muſt be the firſt waſpe that you lay hold on that yecteſ Avzaldwſ memor.Cent. 7 . atributeth great verruc to the diſtilled water,andlikewiſe to the decoGiſ Adizaldeg on of common waſpeſ, affirming expreſly , that if any partbe there—with annoynted, it ſtraightwayeſ cauſeth it to ſwell monſterouſly, and to be puffed vp; that you would inaa 39 gine them to be ſicke of a Droplic : and thiſ coutſe craftie—drabbeſ & queaneſ v/e to perſ ſfwadethecir ſweet hartſ, that they are forſooth with child by them: thuſ many timeſ bex guiling and blinding the eyeſ of vvatic and expert Midwineſ, Whicrevpon we may very confidently conclude,; thattheir poyſon iſ very hore, flatuouſ or windie. Somedo prole after waſpeſ,and killthem by other ſleightſ & deviſeſ. For when the Labourerſ do much vſe and frequent elmeſ, which they doe very often about the Summer ſolſtice ; to gather from them ſome gummy and clammy matter, their Dukeſ and Princeſ beeing at home, not ſtanding ſtill, but ſerling themſelueſ to their buſineſ or trade, and hclping to hatch vp their young, they are ſuddenly choked with the fume of Brimſtone , Garlicke , the branſ cheſ of Colewortſ, or othet pot—herbeſ, ot elſ by breaking downe & ouerthrowing theit & combeſ,cthey die through famine. 3 . 4 V Vhen you are minded to defend the Beeſ from the inuaſion and ſpoyle of waſpeſ; you muſt ſette a potte with ſome peeceſ of fleſh in it neere the Hine,and when the waſpeſ (in hope of fome prey) are entered, ſuddenly clappe oucr the coucr, and ſo deſtroy them, orclſe by pouting in ſome hot water at the toppe, you may ſcald them all to death in the pot. In likeſort, ſome doc gently breath vppon Raiſinſ, fruiteſ, Suger, Hony, Oyle, by which, eyther the waſpeſ are chaſed away, or by taſting the oyle doe dic. And againe, ſome doe mixe corroſtueſ with Honiec, (aſ forexample, Swblimate, Vitrioll, Anripigmen— tum, S&c.) that they by taking thiſ venomouſ or poyſon.infe&ed drinke, may ſuffer tconſ digne puniſhment for their intemperate and inſatiable gluttony. . 3 Of the ſtinging of vvaſpeſ, there doe proceede dinerſ and ſundrty accidentſ, paſtionſ and effectſ, aſ payne,diſquieting, vexation, ſwelling, redneſſe, heate, ſvſſcagngs, diſpoſiti— on or will to vomit, loathing and abhorring of all thingeſ, exceeding chirſtinefle, & novy and then fainting or ſwounding ; eſpecially whien after the maner of venomouſ creatureſ, they haue infeeted their ſtingſ cyther by taſting the fleſh of ſome Serpentſ , or by gathe> ting their foode from venomouſ plantſ. » & 4 & 5 I $ I will 99 _ ed lienſ wife Salemon. T he Hiſtory of Strpentſ. 1 will aAowe ſette before your eycſ.and eareſ onedateand: memorable exampleof the danger that iſ in V Vaſpeſ, of one AWerſ vvife, dwelling not manie yeereſ ſince at Lomick in Nyrthampronſbire, vvhich poore woman reſorting/after her vſuall manner in the heate of the Sommer to Draj#on; the Lord Mordantſhouſe» becing extreamely thirſtic;and im. patient ofdclay, finding by chaunce ablacke Jackd orFankerd—on the, rable inm:the>+Hall, the very inconſiderately and raſhly ſetreit to her mouth; neuer ſuſpeeting or looking what might be inlit; and ſuddain}ya W akpe in her greedineſſc paſſed downe with chie drinke, and ſtinginglicr, there innmediatly came a great timort in herthroate witharedreſ, puf. fing auddwelling of albthepartſ adiacene; do'that her breath becing intercepted pthemi— ſerable vvretch whirling herſelfe twiſe or thriſe round, aſ though ſhee had had ſomeverti— — ginicin heobraine, prelſently fell dowhe and dycd. And: thiſ iſ knownefor a truth, ihot onely tome, but tomoſtiof the inhabitantſ there aboutſ, being aſ yetfreſh in theirmiemol ricſ, and thereforetheibauthoritieſ aſ Ltake it, iſ vnreproueable.0 —/}. o ghe! {{cNow,fox feare leaſt T ſhould looſe imy ſelfſ in thiſ troubleſome and vaſt Ocean of Na. mreſadmirablefabricauuie,I wilnow diſcourſe of ſuchmedicinalimeaneſ;2aſ willdefend from their furiouſ malice. The vertuc of Malloweſ, and of A/zhea, ( called Maxſhi—mal— lowe)} iſ potable agathſtitheoprickingſ of Waſpeſ: For the ſofteſt and moſt emollient herbe; in applyed aſi@coneratry to a warlike and horrfull ereature, whoſe inyce becing an. noyntedwithoyle; cytherabateth the rage of vvaſpeſ; or ſo blunteth and dulleth theyr ſting, thavthepaine iſpor very ſharpe or byting. Pliyylb: 21. capit: 171. And of the ſime mind iſ A/etn : VV aſpeſ (ſaith he) willnor comencere any man ifhebe annoynted with oyle.andithe ityce of Malloweſ. : For aſ a ſoft aunſwere doth framgere fram , ramd aſ the Grzecianſ have a ſaying ; Eduſ Megiiton eſtin orgeſ, P/mrmakon logeſ: So alſo in maturall Philoſophy we fee, thathard thingeſare quailed, and their edge eucn taken off with ſoft and ſuppling :: aſ yron with a fine, ſmall; and ſoft feather, the Adamantſtone with blood, and the ſtinge of vvaſpeſ; Hornetſ and Becſ, with oyleand Malloweſ. at . "Whatiſ ſofter thenia Caterpiller ? and yet if Aezinſ credite be of ſufficience ; the ſame The curation of their ſtingſ Gilbertuſ eAngluſ, beeing beaten with oyle , and annoynted vpponany part preſerueth the ſame from the woundeſ and ſtingeſ of vvalpeſ. And of the ſame verrue iſ the herbe called Balme, being 18 26 ſtamped and mixed with oyle. The ſame ſympromeſ or accidentſ doe follow:theſting: 30 ing of VV aſpeſ, aſ of Beeſ; but farre more painefull, and of longer continuance ; to vyit, redneſſexintollerablepaine, & Apoſtimeſ. And ifany be ſtrooken of the: Orenge or yel— low coloured vvaſpeſ, eſpecially in a ſinowic or ſome ſenſible part , there will followea convgllfion,wcakcncs ofthekeeſ, ſwounding, yea, & ſometimeſ death, aſ before T haue touched; c Againſt the ſtingingſ of vvaſpeſ diuerſ mcdicineſ are preſcribed by Phiſitionſ, butI . willſpeake of ſiuch onely aſ I hane made proofe of, and ſuch aſ are confirmed by longex— perience, Gi/bert the Engliſhman, ſaith, that vvaſpeſ becing bruiſed and applyed to the place affedted; doe.cure their ownewoundſ very ſtrangely. The ſame vertuc peraduen— ture, not onely the Scorpion, but the greater part of Inſed&ſ haue, ifany one would make 46 any dilligent tryall thereof Ifa man be ſtinged of any venomouſ vvaſpeſ (which iſ caſily knowneby the blewneſ of the place, madneſ, rauing and fainting of the partie, and cold. nefſe of thehandſ and feete) after you hauc given him inwardly ſome Alcxipharmacall medicine, the place agrieued muſt be launched, or rather opcnccſſi with a Cautcrie, ſo bec— ing thugenlarged and opened,the venome muſt be well ſucked out, and the pating ot fha— uing of that earth wherein the waſpeſ build their neſtſ; muſt be wrought & kncaded with Vineger, and ſo applyed like a Cataplaſine. _ A plaiſter alſo made of V Villow—leaneſ, Malloweſ, and the combe of waſpeſ, iſ verie medicinable for the ſame, aſ by the \counſell of Haly Abbaſ Thaue c'xpcrimcntcd he Hel Abbaſ Engliſh; Northerne—men, doe prepare moſt excellent emplaiſter woorth gold, againſt all ſtingeſ of waſpeſ, onely of that earth whereof their Ouenſ are made, hauing vineger 21 the headſ of Flyeſ commixed therewith. Let the place be very well rubbed with the inyce of Citrullſ,& withall, let the partie that iſ pained drinke ofthe ſeed of Margerom beaten to poweder the quantity of two drammeſ : or thuſ. Take of the inyce of Margerom two ounceſ, of Bole Armiony two drammeſ , with the inyce of vnripe Grapeſ ſo m{p%l 2515 ufficient, 59 > 3 o 0 3 0 & > > , powder, and inyyardly to take the ſeedeſ of Malloyyeſ boyled in yyine, water, and a lit— DOf the Waſpe. 91 ſufficient, make an emplaiſter. Another. Annoynt the place with the inyce of Bureciane Beeteſ, orfweet VV inc;and Oyle of Roſeſ, or with Goweſ bloud', or with the ſec:ies o% EhC Spirting or \]mldc Cucumber (callcd' Y\(olif%'e tangere)beaten with ſome VVine. Thuſ farre Galen.Barly Mcalewrought yvp with Vineger and the Milkcor inyce of a Fig—tree, brine, or Sea water, are excellent fortheſe griefeſ, (aſ Dio/corideſlib, 8. Cap. 20. writeth) if the wound beoften fomented, bathed, or ſoked with any ofthem; To drinke; ginertwo drammeſ of the young and tender leaueſ of Bayeſ withharſh winie, and if the partafiee= ted bece onely annointed with any Ofct_lCſC, they arempuch auaileable . In like ſort thede codtion of Marſh—malloweſdoinke with Vineger and water, are much commended; and outwardly ſalt with Calueſ fat : Oyle of Bayeſ draweth out the poyſon of V Valpeſ, The leaueſ of Marſh—mallow (aſ Ar#aſ ſiith)becing bruiſed and applyed, doe performe the {ame, i0 : & . y 35 { i The inyce of Ruc orBalme, about the quantity of two or three ounceſ drinke with wine, andithe leaneſ being chewed andlaid on with Hony and Salt/or with Vinegerand Pitch, do help much . V Vater—creſſeſ, Roſemaric, with Barly meale,; and water with vi— neger ſc_dd together.the inyce of Iuy leaueſ,Marigoldſ, the bloud.of an Owle, alltheſe are very affectuall againſt the ſtinging of waſpeſ : aſ Pliny #b. 3 1. Gap. 9.celleth vſ. The budſ ofthe wilde Palme—trec, Eudiue with the root, and wilde Timbe being applyed playſter— wiſe, doe helpe the ſtinging of V Vaſpeſ. After the vemine iſ drawne out byſſſucking, the placeeffeced muſt bee put into hot water the ſpace of an houre, and then ſuddenly they muſt be thruſt into Vineger and brine, and forthwith the paine will bee aſſwaged, the tu— . mout ceaſe, and the' malice of the veneniouſ humor. cleanc extinguiſhed . Rhaxzeſ ſaith, Rhaxeſ. that the leaueſ of Night—ſhade, or of Sengreenc, do very much good in thiſ caſe. And in like ſort Bole Armony with vineger and Champhire, and nutſ beaten with a livele vineger and Cafforenm. y \ Allo take the Combe with Honny applying to. the. place , and hold the grieued place neere the fire immediarly, and laying vnder them a fevy aſheſ, binde them hard, & forth— with the paine will bec ſwaged . Serapi0 ſaith, that_Sawaric, or Creſſeſ applyed, and the 5*!"P*— ſeed thercof taken in drinke, and the inyce of theleſler Centory milxt with wine, ate very meete to bee vſed in theſe griefeſ, he alſo commendeth for the ſame purpoſe. the leaueſ of Baſill, the Herb called Mercuty, and Mandrakeſ, with Vineger... Ardoypxſ iſ of opinion that if you take a little round ball of Snow , and purt it into the fundament, the paine will ceaſe, eſpecially that which proceedeth by waſpeſ. Let the place be annoynted with Vi— neger and Champhire, or often fomented and bathed with Snow—water. Take of Opium, of the ſeed of Henbane and Champbire, of each alike much , and incorporate them with Roſewater, or the inyce of V Villoweſ , and laie it vppon the wounded place, applying on the top of it a linne cloth,firſt throughly werted in wine. Tohguzeſ Meſwe (who of ſome he iſ called Ewazgeliſt a medicoram) preſcribeth thiſ receipt of the iuyce of Siſfwbrinm two drammeſ and a halfe, and with the inyce of Twzzcitronſ make a porion. The inyce alſo of Spina Arabica, and of MArgeromare nothing inferiour to theſe forementioned.: Aaxzon, edaren. would in thiſ griefe haue water Lintellſ(calledby ſome Duckeſ mcat)to beſtamped with vineger, and aſter to be applyed. aior: \, Conſtantine aſſureth vſ, that Alcama tempered with Barley. meale and vineget, and{ſo bound to the place, aſ alſo Nutſ, leaueſ of yvallnutſ, and Bleeteſ , are yety p}ctofi:abic_in thiſ paſſion. Item, apply very warme to the wound a Spiderſ web, biuiſed wl_th a vyhite Obion,& ſufficient Salt and vineger, will perfe&lie cure it.Guil:Placentingſ wzl_]ſſ worrant, Gulichnm. that a Plate of cold Iron Iaid vppon the wound,, or Lead ſtceped.in vineger, will doc the / '/ſiſ'mctfctſ_zſctſ- deed. Gordoniuſ counſell iſ to tub the place with ſage and vineger, and afterwardſ ro fo— C#47@ ment it with water and vineger ſod rogether. Farignam4 would haue vſ to apply Chalk in e Ardoyumſ, y Conflantſ, | | & TUarignanſ, tle vineger, Ty » 3 \ Matthioluſ touch commendeth Sperage being beaten and wrought vp with Hony, to cMeatthioluſ annoint the place . Likewiſe Flyeſ beaten and annointed on the place, vvmtcr_S,:.uouſy, CHwiine VVater.creſſeſ, with oyle of Momerdica, gine moſt ſpeedie helpe. Arnolduſ Villanowanuſ he aſſureth yſ, that any freſh earth, eſpecially Fullerſ earth, iſ very auayleable, and the herbe To#, called 92 T he Hiſtoxy of Serpentſ. CMarcelieſ. called Poley vied aſ an vnguent, or elſe Goatſ Milke: And Marcelluſ Empicricuſ iſ notbe— 'i'hc nameſ, Their doſcrip— tion, hinde hiſ commendationſ for the vſe of Bullockeſ'dung, to be applyed aſ a poultciſſe to the ſtinged part. aSvuif E Theſe and many otherſ any man aſcribethathath hadde but an eaſice taſt of the in— finity of Phyſickeſ ſpeculation, for the ſtore—houſc'of Nature, and truely learned Phyſi— tionſ, which way ſocuer you turne you, will Miniſter and give fufficient ſtore of alexy. teriall medicineſ for the expulſing of thiſ griefe . . In concluſion one and the ſelfe ime medicament will ſerue indifferently for the curation of waſpeſ & Beeſ,Gauing that when we are ſtung with V aſpeſ more forceable remedieſ are requyred,and for the hurtſ that Beeſ doe vſ, then weaker and gentler are ſufficient . In the hundreth and nintith yeare before the byrth of our bleſſed Sauiour , an infinite multitude of VW aſpeſ camne flyinſ into the Market place at C4pm4, (aſ Zw/inſ witneſſeth) and lighted on the temple of AG4z;, all which when with great regard & diligence they were gathered together and ſolemn.— ly burnt, yet for all that they preſiguified the comming of an enemy, and did aſ it were foretell the burning ofthe Citty, which ſhortly after came to paſſe . And thuſ much for the Hiſtoric of the Waſpe. OF HORNETS. Hornet iſ called of the Hebreweſ T//r/hah. Of the Arabianſ Zabor,and Zamber. Ofthe Germanſ Ein hornauſſ, Horlitz, Froiſin, Ofert=muble. Ofthe Flemmingeſ Hor/cle. Of the French—men TreZonſ, Treiſonſ, Foulenſ. Of the Italianſ Ca— lauyon; Crabrone, Scarafſon,and Galamron. Ofthe Spaniardſ Tabarroſ 5 Moſcardoſ. Of the Illitianſ I/ſer . Of the Slano— nianſ Sier/zen. Of vſ Engliſhmen Horzpetſ,& gteat waſpeſ, The Greecianſ cal them Arthrena@ſ,and Anthrenokſ becaule with their ſting they raiſe an Axzhra7z or Carbuncle, with a vehement inflamation of the whole part about it. The La— v— a> o o tineſ call them Czabroneſ peraducnture of Czabr4, a Towne ſo named in the territory of 3* Tuſculanum, where there iſ great plenty ofthem : or it may be they are tearmed C7am— broneſ of Cabailnſ (2 horſe) of whom they are firſt engendered : according to that of Owid 15. Metamorphoſ. Preſſuſ humeo bellator equuſ Crabroniſ orige eſt . That iſ to ſily ſ When war horſe dead vponthe earthlieſ, Then doth hiſ fleſh breed Hornet flyeſ. Albeytuſ teaxmeth a Hornet Apiſ citrinſ, that iſ a yellow or Orenge colouredBee. Car— 4" \daplaboureth much to proue that dead Muleſ are their firſt beginnerſ, P/uzarke iſ of opi— nion, that they firſt proceed from the fleſh of dead Horſeſ, aſ Beeſ do out of a Bulſ belly : and I thinke that they haue their breeding from the harder , more firme and ſolide partſ ofthe fleſh of Horſeſ, aſ W aſpeſ do from the more tender or ſoft. Hornetſ are twice ſo greataſ the common Waſpeſ, in ſhape and proportion of body much reſemblingone an o ther. They haue foure wingeſ, the inward not beciu g halfe ſo large aſ the outward, bee ing all ioyned to their ſhoulderſ, which are of a darke, browniſh, and of a Cheſtout— like colour, theſe wingſ ate the cauſe of their ſwift flight : they haue alſo ſixe feete of the fame colour and hew, that their breaſt and ſhoulderſ are of. Their iſ ſomewhat long, of the colour of Saffton, their eyeſ and lookeſ are hanging or bending downewardſ, croo— $9 ked and made like a halfe Moone, from which grow forth two peakeſ like vnto Sitheſ or two ſickleſ, nothing varying in colour fr6 their feet. Their belly iſ aſ though it were tied to their ſhoulderſ with a very fine thred,;the forward and middle part whereof iſ quercaſt with a browne colour, & begirt aſ it were with a girdle of Saffton. The hinder part iſ al— together yellow ,eaſily diſcerned and remarkable for thoſe eight browne prickſ or ſpeckſ, Mig 6 EEADIS AONE TY bhely Of the Hornet. etcry one of them being much like yrito a {nall triangle, beſideſ they haue certain cleftſ or ſlitgon both ſideſ;both before and behind, by which they can at their pleaſure when they liſt,cither ſhrinke vp themſelueſ, or draw and gather themſelueſ together; and with thefame apaine lengthemand ſtretclhouttheir bodieſ. They hanealſoncere to theit belly onbothſideſ foure blacke ſpotſ; anchin their taile they are armed with a ſtrong picrcing ſting;and theſame very venomotlſ @ They make a found or a buzzing ſrangenoyſe, more bydeougandidreadfullthenwaſpeſ doe. They are ſhrewd, fierce,and cruclloquick lyangryand wrathfull, andalthough they line in companieſ together, yetnotwithſtan— dingthey areeucrknownto be but of an homely;tude,curſt, and vntractable diſpoſition — and nature; and will never be brought by any Art or faſhioning to lay afide their vplan— diſh wildenceſſe, (aſ ſome Herbeſ willdoc that are tranſplantedinto Gardenſ.) Theyare beſideſ thiſ of ſuch a miſchceuouſ malignity and venemouſ qualityy that aſ ſomeaffirme,; nine of their ſtingſ will kill a man, and three time nine will be able to killa ſtrong Horſexeſpecially at the riſing of the Dog—ſtarand after, at which time they have amorefiery, haſty, and inflaming nature,and men at that ſeaſon; by reaſon of theirlarge exaltarion and ſending forth of ſpiritſ, grow more weake and faint, And therefore it iſ no marvaile though in holy Sctipture, they arecompared or likeſ ned to moſt fierce & crvell enemieſ,which ſhould put & caſt forth the Cananiteſ)Hettiteſ, and Chewitſ, Exod:23. 281 So likewiſe Owitdinthe clenenth Booke of hiſ Metamorphoſ. 20 hath theſe wordſ, Spicw/a carbronum arden#a. The buining ſtingſ! of Hormetſ? And yFr— gillin the fourth booke of hiſ Georgikſ, calleth them Aſþerrima '" moit ſharp and violent. Terence (the moſt eloquent of all Comicall Poctſ) in hiſ Comedy intiruled Phoyinia, and Plantuſin hiſ Amplytrio, hane thiſ Proucrbe : Trritanicrabroneſ_ I haue protoked ot in: icenſed the great Waſpeſto anger : which I ſuppoſe they vſed aſ a by—word' againſt the propertieſ, natureſ, and froward behauioutſ of women, who beeing in theirwonted fu, miſh mood, ifonce you'go about'to onerchwart them , or a litcleto conttary their wilful. neſſe, you ſhall pull an old houſe ouer your owne head by a further provuccation, & per— hapſ if you get you not the ſooner out of their ſight and reach of their Clutcheſ,yon may chance hane ſomewhat more flying about your eareſ then you would. 30 It iſ good therefore if you have a W ife, that iſ, Calcata immitior bydra, vaoquiet and contentiouſ, to let her alone, not to wake an angty Dogge': and when a miſchiefe iſ well quiered ind broughtaſlecpe, to go your waieſ and ſay neuver a word . VV hereaſ among Beeſ, their Droneſ and Kingeſ do want ſtingeſ ; yea, and ſome Waſpeſ too, aſ before I haue writ : yet notwithſtanding all Hornetſ in generall, aſ well the greater ſfortof them that builde their houſeſ in treeſ , aſ theleſſer ſort that dwell in the earth, are prouided of ſtingeſ, neither doth their Ring—leader ſeeme to bee vnarmed . For Waaſpeſ haue theyr preſidentſ of their owne ſociety, and their Capraineſ generall aſ well aſ Beeſ & waſpeſ, whatrſocuer Pliny /b. 11. cap. 21. dreame to the contrary ; which in proportion and quanſ tity are farre greater (if you reſpe& the bodieſ of other Hornerſ)chen either the captaineſ 40 of the Beeſ or W aſpeſ, are in compariſon of their ſubicetſ . Theſe alſo ſpend their time within dooreſ, aſ the captaineſ of W aſpeſ do, not bauing many but one head to guid & tulc ouer them , leaſt by banding into particſ and fadtionſ, ſome ciuill warre ( whercin all thingſ are miſcrable, aſ Tw/#7 ſaith) or other mutiniemight ariſe to their finall deſtru&i, Intelleciiſ on. They are great vexerſ and troublerſ, and euen like ſuch aſ had ſworne the death of 7 orcmnnſ their enemicſ, Robberſ, and Thieueſ : And yet at home they nouriſh peace, cxceill_mg C— funt miſera» — uen the very Beeſ themſclueſ in their painefull , earneſt, and willing deſire to maintaine Tul.in ep fam their ſtocke and common ſociety. o ei ttevid. For neither do they chide, braule, or contend , nor yet make any ſtit or u.lſthſ_zg when any iſ promoted to arnty office or place of preferment in their corporation ; neither are 50 they diftracved into diverſ mindeſ with their buſineſſeſ, neither yer doe they raiſe any tu— mult, make any vprote, or keepe a coyle or ruffling at the cleGion of c_hcſſFrſſnce or cap— taine generall, but with common conſent they vſe but one Table , tnkmgf 1c;_r commonsf together like good friendſ and felllowes,.a\}:g Whact};o'fcl!m thzfill),ſilzgznci?:;); OME PALE it home, frankly imparting it to their neighborſ, children, ot . . Neither do Zhcyſſ;carcl%f driveand \SX}%C]] forch of the dooreſ to ſeeke new hablcs;:zfi?:*c, 73 34 T he Hnſtozy of Serpentſ. wherethey can, (aſ ſome Beeſ dealeyery churliſbly and vrinatwrall with their young) byt they contrarywiſe cheriſh in their boſome, defend and keepe warmic; their nevy ſprinped Vp progeny and race, building for them greater Houſeſ; and rayling of mog Selletſ and floreſ , Bording and planking the ſame inicaſcofnectſſity; neucr ecaſing vill they be fully reard and madefit for their defence andſafety. Butaſfor their Kingand captaine(whom they exceedingly honor and highly eſtecime) they makechoyece of ſuch aoney aſ acyther Teemacth to be a King without a kingdomec, nor a Prince withoutpeople and polleſſionſ, and yet he ſo behaueth himſelfe, and carryeth himſelfe ſo'euenly , aſ though heehad but liteieto do in thiſ hiſ Empirc. And yetin largeneſic of body and greatneſ ofhiſ han, in ſtournelſſe and ſtatelineſſe of ſtomacke and perſou, lie ſtaineth alkthereſt; carrying away the prize from :them all: and when there iſ proclamation of warre to be madeagainſtany forraine foeſ, and thattheit flagſ and/iancientſ beediſplayed by ſounding hiſ deadly blaſt, hie giueth the defiance to hiſ enemieſ, moſt couragionily beſtirting himſelfemore then a. ny ofhiſfollowetſ, ſhewing himſelfe both moſt ychement, vYarlikc_,- and ſkilfull infight, and yer againe at homc towardeſ hiſ ſubiectſ, (hike a true noble ſpuit) he iſ very Bratiouſ, gentle, and temperate, traQtable,; caſie—to bee intreated and moſt tready to forgine ::: They make forthemſclueſ certaine holeſ or dwelling placeſ vnder the gronnd;caſting forth the earch much after the faſhion Piſmireſ: for you muſt vaderſtand that neithcr Waſpeſ nor Hornetſ do ſend forth any Swarmeſ aſ Beeſ doe, but thoſe young Hornetſ which ſpting from them now and then, do there remaine amogug their breederſ, making their bedſ ot 29 hineſ much greater, by meanceſ of the carth formerly caſt out. c They enlarge their\Combeſ exceedingly, by adding more and more vnto them, ſo that of a ftrong and healthy ſtocke of Hornetſ,ithath beene knowne they. have gathered three or foure Treyeſ or baſketſ fullof Combeſ . If any Hornetſſtray from theit owne home, they repayre to ſometrec, l&c there in the top of it makeſ their Combſ,ſo.thatone many timeſ may very.eaſily and p ainely perceiue them, & in theſe they.breedconccap. tainegenerall, or great commaunder, who when he iſ growne to be great, he carrycth a— vay the whole company, placing them with him in ſome conuenient lodging . Wilde Hornetſ (aſ Plixy faith) do liue in the hollow trunkeſ and cauitieſ oftrceſ, thereikeeping themſelueſ cloſe all the winter long, aſ other Cut—waſtſ do. 30 Theirlife iſ but ſhort, for they never exceede the age of two yeareſ.: Their combſ are wrought with greater cunning, morecxquiſite Art, and curiouſ conceit, then thoſe ci— ther of W aſpeſ or Beeſ , and theſe excellent deuiſerſ doc make them one while in the trunkeſ of treeſ, and ſometimeſ againe in the earchyencrecaſing them at their plcaſurewith more flooreſ and buildingſ,according to the encreaſe of theit iſſue,making them ſiriooth and bright, decking and trimming them with a certaine tough or binding ſlime or Gelly gathered/ſrom the gummy leaueſ of planteſ . — Neither do any of the little mouthſ or en» tricſ of their Cellſ looke. vpwardeſ , but euery one bendeth downewardeſ : and thebot— tome iſ placed vpwardſ, leaſt cither the raine might ſoke thorough them in long ſhewerſ, or the head of them bcing built vpwardeſ, they mightlye open andbe themore ſubiet, 40 and expoſed to the vnruly rage and furiouſ blaſtſ of windſ and ſtormeſ. If you eye well their neſteſ, you ſhall finde them all for the moſt part exaly ſexangit— far or ſixe cornered, the outward forme and faſhion whereof iſ diuided with a murty co— loured pertitionſ : and their membranouſ ſubſtance iſ. much like vnto the rindeor bark of Byrch,which in the parching heat of Sommer cleaneth and opencth it ſelfe into chapſ— The ſtinging of W aſpeſ iſ for the moſt part accompanied with a Feucr, cauſing withall a carbuncle, ſwelling, and intollerable paine. I my ſelfe beeing at Duckworth in Hantingtenſhire, my native ſoyle, I aw on a time 2 great W aſpe or Hornet making after, and fiercely purſuing a Sparrow in the open ſtreet of the Towne, who atlength becing wounded with her ſting , waſ preſently caſt to the 5gſ ground, the Hornet ſatiſfieng her ſelfe with the ſucked bloud of her quelled prey, to the exceeding admiration of al the beholderſ and conſideterſ of thiſ ſeldome ſeene combate. Ariitotle, whom I ſo greatly reuerence, and at whoſe name I doe cuen riſe and make curteſie, knoweſ not of a ſurety how Hornetſ do engender, nor after what manner they bring forch their young breede: But ſince weare aſſured of thiſ that they bring forth their * — young J 9 Of the Hornet, young by the ſideſ ofthcir Cellſ, aſ VW aſpeſ and Beeſ, we need not dotibt, but that they doe all other mateer after ctzcir manner, and if they couple together, they doe it by night, aſ Catſ do,or elle in ſome ſecret corner, that Arguſ with hiſ hundreth eyeſ can never cf e it» evich f Hornetſ gather meate not from flouteſ, but for the moſt part they livie yppon fleſh, whereby it commeth to paſſe, that you ſhall often finde them euen in the vety dunghillſ, or other ordure . They alſo proulce after great Flyeſ, and hunt afier ſmall Byrdeſ, whick when they haue caught into theit clutcheſ; after the manner of bungry Hawkeſ,chey firſt wound them in the head, then curting it aſunder, or parting it from the ſhoulderſ, carry— aſ ing the reſt of the body with them , they betake themſeluteſ to their accuſtomed flyghtſ The greater ſort of them dye in the hard winter, becauſe they ſtore not themſelueſ ſuffi— ciently aforchand with any ſuſtenaunce aſ Beeſ doe, but make their prouiſion but from hand to mouth, aſ hunger enforceth them, aſ A7/#o#/e enformeth vſ. In like ſort Lapdiaſ hath well obſerued,that Hornetſ both day and night keepe warch and W ard befideſ the Hineſ of Bceſ, and ſo getting vpon the poore Beeſ backſ,they vſe them in ſtead of a wage gon or carryage : for when the ſilly Bec laboureth to be'diſcharged ofhiſ cruell Syrter:the Hornet when hc hath ſucked out all hiſ inyce, and cleane beref: him of all hiſ moyſture;, vigour, and ſtrength,:like an vathankefullGueſt, and the moſt ingratefull of all winged creatureſ, he ſpareth not to kill, and to eatevp hiſ foſterate and chicfe maintainer. to They feede alſo vppon all ſweete, deliciouſ, and pleaſant thingeſ, and ſuch aſ are not vntoothſome and birter, and the Z72d/an Hornetſ are ſo rauenouſ, and of ſuch an inſaſiate gluttony (aſ Ouidiſ reporteth) that they fly vpon Oyle, Butter, greaſic Cookeſ, all ſortſ of ſharpe ſawee vſed withmeateſ, and allmoyſt and liquid thingeſ, not ſparing the very Napkinſ and Table—clotheſ, and other linnen that iſ any way ſoyled , which they do fil— thily contaminate with the excrementſ oftheit belly, & with their Viſcouſ laying of their eggeſ. f > 'ſſ. But aſ they get theirliuing by robbery,and purloining of that which otherſ by the ſweat ofthcir broweſ, by their owne proper witſ and inuention, and without the ayde & helpe ofany do takegreat paineſ for : ſo againe they want not a reu=nge to puniſh,& a protioſt jo Marſhall to execute them for their wrongfull dealingſ : tearmed of ſome a Gray, Broch, or Badget, who in the full of the Moone maketh forcible entrance into their holes_or]ur. king placeſ; deſtroying and turning topfic—turuy in a trice their whole ſtocke, famile,and linage, with all their houſhold ſtuffe and poſſicflionſ. t4 Neither do they onely miniſter foode to thiſ paſſing, profitable, and fat beaſt, but they ſerue in ſtead of good Almanackeſ to countty people, to foretell tempeftſand change of weather, aſ Hayle, Raine, and Snow : for if they flyc about in greater numberſ, and bee oftner ſeene about any place , then yſually they are wont; it iſ a ſigne of heate and fayre weather the next day. But if about twilight they are obſerued to enter often their neſteſ, aſ though they would hide themſclueſ,youmuſt the next day.exped& raine,wind,or ſgypq go ftormy, troubleſome or boyſtcrouſ ſcaſon : wherenpon Aw/enmſ hath theſe verſeſ 5 *+ — Their vie® 4 "_ . 3 8 ___ Ad \ Sit & crabronum raned agmini ſi volitare; Fine ſub Antumnmitonſþexeriſ #there longo, Jamucſþertinoſprimoſ cum commonet 0Tt 1ſ, Virgiliuſ, pelago diceſinſtare procellam. In Engliſh thuſ ; _ 2 Solfthe buzzing trolupeſ of Hornetſ hoarſe to the; In ſpationſ ayre bout Autummeſ end you ſee, When Virgiliftarre the eneningſ lampe eſpicy . 5o Then from the Sea fome ſtormytempeſt ſure ſhall be, 3 Furthermore,ſinceitiſ moſt certaine that thoſe rdm.'r;dics which ſido hc_a]c the ſh:}gmgs;ſi Z,Z'fififſi & of WW aſpeſ, do alſo help thoſe woundſ and griefeſ which hornetſ by ;hfl'r cruell ſtinging 1 5, " cauſe, yetnotwithwanding aſ Aggregater hath pronounced , the Zaboriſ the Zezctmr, or, proper antidore of hiſ owne hurt, :ſif hc be gfienmmcs apylyed with Vinegeran W:ct)[;f; 95 T he Hiftorie of S. erpentſ., Oyle and Cow—dung tempered together. In like ſort allmanner of: ſoileſ and earthſ that are myry and muddy , are much commended in thiſ caſe, ſuch aſ Baccheſ applyed to bald Selenwſ, who waſ wounded with Hotnetſ, when longing for a little Hony, he logged & ſhaked their neſtſ, thinking he had lighted vpon ſome Becſ Hony, which O#id moſt ele. gantly 3. Fe/foewm hath deſcribed in theſe verſeſ 5 Millia exabronum coeunt, & vertice nadeo Spiculſ defigunt , or ad prima notant. dle cadit precepſ, c calce feritur aſcillſ : Inclamatque ſocioſ, anxilium G, vocatſ Concurrunt Satyri, turgentiad, or a parentiſ Rident, percuſſa clandicat ille Genu. Ridet Gr ipſe Dewſ limumgue inducere monſiratſ \ Hic paret monitiſ, & linit or a luto, InEnogliſh thuſ; Of Hornctſ thouſandſ on hiſ head full bare, And on hiſ face their poyſond ſpeareſ ſticke faſt, Then headlong downe }1]: fell, and Aſſeſ foot him ſmote, Whileſ he for help hiſ voyce to felloweſ caſt, The Satyreſ flocke came runne apace, and did deride to Their ſireſ/wellen mouth, whileſ Aſſe had made him lame, ! The God himſeife did laugh, yet ſhewed an earth to hide The wound which he receined, and ( did heale the ſame . Hfary one bedſſirouſ of moc medicineſ againſt the perillouſ and ttranſpeitcing ſting. Sng oftheſe horne—mad Hornetſ, he ſhall finde ſtore of them digeſted together in the Hi» ſtory of W aſpeſ : for their remedicſ are common, belonging aſ well to the oneaſ to the other, there being o other difference but thiſ, that here they muſt be given in a greater meaſureor quartity, and their vſe ought longer to be continued . And let thiſ ſuſſiceto to hauc ſpoken thuſ much of ſuch inſecteſ or Cut—waſted vermine aſ are winged, andliue 39 i1 companieſ and routeſ together, Now will I make choyce to deſcribe ſuch aſ are wing= ed and live ſolitarily, leaſt I ſhould ſcem to loſe my ſelfe in thiſ troubleſome and vaſt Oce» an of Phyſicall contemplation. > 3 t 3& OF CANTHARIDES or Spaniſh Fiyeſ. Set I7 Hiſ kinde of Cut—waſt iſ called of the Graecianſ Xanthur@, 46 61 and among the Latineſ itchangeth not hiſ name. Ofthe \|| Frenchmen Cangaride. Of the Italianſ Cantarel/ſ. Ofthe Spaniardſ Cwbille, Of the Germanſ Griine Kefer, Coldkac— PAl fer. Amongſt the Belgieſ or Netherlanderſ, it iſ rearmed 5 Spaenſche Viteghe, and of vſ Englith—men Cantharideſ, and SA\ Spaniſe Flyeſ.I hane ſeene two fortſ ofCantharideſthe one great, and the other ſmall . Of the greater ſortſome are thicke, and long bodyed, which are found among wheat, 2Z _ and theſe ate thicke,groſſe,and vnwieldy like vnto Beetleſ, they are alſo of ſundry coloutſ, and changeable hew, with go Golden ſtreekeſ or lineſ croſſing their wingeſ, and theſe are beſt to bee vſed in Phyſicke. They ofthe other leſſerkind, are leane and thinne ſcraggeſ and ſtaruclingſ, broad,haity, hieauy, and ſluggiſh,and for phyſicall vſeſ little worth. } T he greater ſort alſo are not alwaieſ of a gliſtering green colour, but otherwhileſ you thail hauc them ſomewhat reddiſh or murtcy coloured, but yetallof them of a ghgrqflklllg SRREERAQERSYYIIALICOQIUROEEMUIECY EOXUOUIEE, 1 right= Of the (Cantharideſ. 97 brightneſfe, and marueliouſ ſhining gloſſe, piercing the eyeſ with fiigulerdelight. The lefler ſort are not ſo commion aſ the Sreater, ſomewhat differing from them in ſhape and proportion of body, but in vertue, quality, and manner of breeding : there iſ no diſagree— ment at all to be found. Thoſe of the leſſer ſort haue their bodieſ and headeſ ſomewhat long & hooked, theyt eyeſ very blacke, and hanging out, theyr wingeſ growing our from the middeſt of theit Loyneſ , becing marked with tvvo Syluer ſpeckeſ or prickeſ, and ſorme fewe vyhite ſpotteſ. f Theyare commontly found in the Summer ſeaſon, inthe Hearbe that iſ called C/ew— 10 garia,or wilde Hemlocke . Theit feete and Leggeſare very ſmiall and long , finely dece ked and garniſhed, aſ it were with a Vermillion red, or beautifull purple , There iſ alſo anocher fort of theſe anſverable to the former,in colour of their bodieſ in euery reſpect, ſauing that their eyeſ ate greene : their head very litrle ; and the hinder part ofthicir ſhoul,, derſ round and crooked. p 3 The third ſort haue theyr Head and Shoulderſ all one, beingſo cloſely and confu—= ſedly ioyned together , aſ if they were but one thing, and could not by any meaneſ bee ſeparated, vnleſiz in imagination , and theſe are of a ruſty colour, and their finall pinke eyeſ aſ blackeaſ Terte, their wingeſ aſ well aſ their headeſ are nothing differing in — colout, ſauing that their wingeſ doe gliſter with ſome ſtrakeſ of the colour of Golde , 20 theirfeetealſo are ſhort, and aſ blacke aſ Pitch. The fourth iſ very like to the third ſort, buit it iſ rathet of a greeniſh, then of a ruſty Iron coulour, but in all other reſpe&ſ there iſ no difference to bee ſeene,lauing in theix magnitude, for thiſ laſt deſcribed iſ the leaſt of them all . But theſe kindeſ of Canthariſ deſ aſ well the greater aſ the leſſer, doe firſt proceede not from any beaſteſ, aſ ſome hauc thought, but they rather take their Originall from ſome rotten, ſtinking, and corſ rupt moyſture and ſiccity , TicZetaj gar en toiſ toom puroon leioiſ kai taiſ ageiraiſ, kai towſ Sukaiſ proſeti to toon Rantharidoon phulon , the meaning whereof iſ, that the whole ſtocke and kindred o: Carrharideſ doe bring foorth or lay their young in the vile, baſe, and imperfea force of heate or warmth : and further in moyſt Figgeſ, aſ Aclizam in 30 hiſ ninth Booke and thirty nine Chapter, vyord for worde hath exſcribed out of Ariſ itotle. They docalſo breede from a certaine little W orme which iſ found inthe Bonge of the Dogge bryer (called of the Phyſitionſ Bedeguar) and from Carterpillerſ of the Figge—tree, Poplet, Peare—tree, Aſhe, Oline—treeſ and Roſeſ : for in all theſe there bee found certaine VW ormeſ , the very Founderſ and Parenteſ of Cantharideſ, but yex in the white Roſe theſe Wormeſ are of much leſſer force, power, and ſufficiency , then in the former. } ; Cantharideſ doe couple together and generate, but yet not any liyving creature of their ownekind, but onely alittle ſmall W orme . T hey feede vppon_nll mannet of pulſe and 4o Corne, but eſpecially W heat, and then they are beſt for medicinall Vieſ. They ſmell like vnto Tarre, and in their taſt they much reſemble the Cedar—tree, aſ Nicander repor? teth . Their yertue and quality iſ to burne the body,to parch and to bring a hard ſcale or crtuſtineſſe vpon any part they ſhall be applyed to, or aſ Diſſcgrideſ ſiyth, to gnaw ot cate into , to rayſe bliſterſ, exulcerate and rayſe an inflammation , for which reſp—:&, they mixe them with ſuch meditamentſ aſ are apointed to heale Leproficſ, any dangey rouſ Tetterſ and Ring—wormeſ, ot thoſe that be cancerouſ. f 41 They are appſycſi to hard, Scuruy, or Mangy Nayleſ, becing firſt texnpcrcd ywrith ſome fit playſterſ or Ceroteſ tending to the ſame purpoſe, taking themi ſo cleane away, that they fall of by the rooteſ. Somie vſe alſo to temper them with ſuch contenyentme— $0 dycineſ aſ are warranted to take away Warteſ, Corneſ, or any hard knpbþcs or peeceſ offleſh growing in the handſ or feet. Some againe vſe to pulvieriſe C'ant/mndex,andſſ thein mixing them with T'arce, do make an Vnguent to cure \hg falling away of the hayte, or theſhedding of it ; eyther in the head or beard, but l;zcrcm there muſt bee good :clſſul:yſ? \ I # T he Hiſtoxy of Serpentſ. tequired, leaſt at any time by their cauſticke faculty they exulcerate too —deepe into the fleſh. Cantharideſ mingled with Lime, ſerue in ſtead of a Pen—knife toeradicate and take a— way thoſe little bard and red ſwellingeſ riſing chiefely in the Crowne of the head, arme. pitteſ, or privy parteſ, called of ſome Phyſitionſ papt: and ſome there bee againe that willaduenture a little of the in powder, to give with ſuch Medicineſ whoſe propertie iſ to prouoke Vrine: But yet there iſ hard hold and tough reaſoning on both ſideſ, whether they ought to be given inwardly with Divretikeſ or no, confſidering that being ſo drunk, they are accounted amongeſt ſtrong poyſonſ, tormenting the Bladder without any cea— ſing : otherſome againe hold the contrary, afluring vſ vpon their owneexperience , that not excccding their due quancicy, they may be taken with othcF Correctorieſ, to ſerue aſ aRetricleto traſport them to the place affected,ſo that you ſee either ſide hath hiſ ſtrength and reaſonſ. Juſta pari premitur veluticum pondere libra, Prona nec hac pluſ parte ſedet nec ſurgit ab illſ. T hat iſ to ſay ; Aſ when an enen ſcale with equall weight iſ peined, DNor falſ it doywne thiſ way, or iſ it that way raiſed. Butbecing mingled and wrought vppe with the inyce of Vnua Taminea, (whichiſ a kindeofBerty, growing on the Hearbe called Amppeloſ angria, a kind of Bryonie) ſheepſ or Goateſ ſewet, there iſ no doubt but that they doe great good . Some of my mayſteiſ (ſaith Galew, the prince of all Phyſitionſ next to Hippocrateſ) did vſe co put Canthari— deſ amongeſt ſuch medicineſ aſ they prepared to moouc vrine, taking onely their wingſ with the feete, but I (ſayth hee) am wont to take Cantharideſ wholy, aſ wellaſ ſome parteſ of them, and ſo I indge them the more ſafe to bee vſed and prepared thiſ vvay, eſpecially I miſſe not to make choyce ofſuch aſ are found among Corne, and haue aſ it (1) were a yellow circle or encloſure croſſing ouerthwart their wingſ, b. 3.& /b, 11.de Sim— 30 plic. facult. Beecing applyed righrly, they doe alſo prouoke the monthly tearmeſ, and that very effectually, and put into Antidoteſ, they are thought of many to helpe Hydropicallper— fonſ, aſ not onely Hippocrateſ and Dio/corideſ, but allo Gallen, Auicenna, Rhazeſ, Pliny , and other Phyſitionſ of beſt noteand worth haue witneſſed : I cannot heere ſuſficiently enough commend theyr aſſured, tryed, and approoued vſe, being commixed with Lea— uen, Salt, and Gumme Avnenialum, for the dinerſionſ of Rheumeſ or Catartheſ , the taking away of all goutiſh paineſ,out of the hanch or hippe (called the Stidricſ of the Po— uler ſort,) whileſt they draw forth and conſume from the center of the body, (beeing there throughly and decpely impadted) to the ſurface the matter or offending humourſ 49 cauſing theſe gricfeſ abouc ſaid. They are alſo good againſt the vemine of a Salemandra, aſ Pliny in hiſ 29. Booke and 24, Chapter aſſureth vſ. They are alſo highly eſtecmmed of ſome, becing ducly prepared and orderly mixed with certaine other medicineſ , to take away and corre& the remiſſe negligence, falling—faintneſſe, and heartleſſe caſting downe ofthe Virile part,yea they do (aſ they ſay) very much prouoke too venerouſ incitementſ. Buthcere I would counſell ecach one not to bee to knack—hardy bold, in mediing with them, for theſe or the like intentionſ : for aſ they bring both health and helpe, being du— ly commixed, and orderly tempered ,, not exceeding their doſe and firſt quantity'ſ ſo a— gaine, if you faile in their duc and Skilfull applycation or propination, they induce an drive men into moſt intollerable greeuouſ ſympromeſ and accidentſ, and otherwhyleſ to death it ſelfc, Jobſ Langine ſetteth downe a true and very pleaſaunt ſtory, which in thiſ Flacc, becauſe it maketh greatly for out marter in hand, I will not refuſe breefely to de— cribe it. There waſ (ſaith he) at popomie in Italy, a certainerich and noble young man o%ſi}'rſf_fllf which go . 10 30 40 yo © Of the (Cantharider, (which G,z/lz%.g to vſe hiſ owne wordeſ, waſ Gallp quonliſ gallinaceo ſalacior)y who falling extreamely in lone with a certaine Maide in the Gme Citty , pretayled ſo farre at len t through hiſ earneſt importunitieſ and inceſſant ſollicitationſ, that at length they apr—,c%' no ted and agreed vppon the time and place of their meeting, to keepe theyr Reucilcrs fſior one night . So thiſ luſty Gallant becin g thuſ inſnared in the inextricable laborinth of het beautcouſ Phyſnomy, fearing deadly, leaſt hiſ heart ſhould turne into Liner, or that hee might faint and looſe hiſ courage before hee ſhould attaine to hiſ iournicsſicnd y in thiſ hiſ doub:full coaping, and dangerouſ skirmiſhihg-conflict, like a Wiſe—man f:arinſi o thcſi: worſt, caſting all dangerſ aforchand what might enſue , would needſ know of a fdlow Souldier, and Countrey—man ofhiſ, who hadde aſ one may gueſle borne a ſtandard in the Campe of Feemſ , what were beſt to bee doone , to moouce himto a more yygo— rouſ courage, and to kecpe hiſ credit for that time, leaſt cither he ſhould turne Chucn like an ouertyred Tade, or elſe bee vtterly non—ſuited which waſ worſt of all ; who pre— ſently wiſhed him to take fome Cantharideſ in hiſ Broath , which the other at all aduenſ tureſ forthwith did. But it waſ not long before thiſ iolly Y onker felkt an itching about hiſ lower partſ,then being frolike aboue meaſure, ſuppoſed it to bee the operation of hiſ mcedicine that cauſed thiſ Colt—cuill, he without any more ado hyed himto hiſ Loue,minding there indeed to dravw the matrer to a ſet battell, and to end all controuerſieſ by dynt of ſword. Tunc animiſ opuſ, Aencatunc peitore firmo. In Engliſh thuſ ; Of courage then indeed, ' Then ef ſlout breaſt iſ neede. But yet for all thiſ, in the ſtill of the night, when euety one beſideſ were at reſt , my reſtleſſe Frepke ſelt hiſ whole body to bee pockily torne; and iniſerably rent with ſundry cruell prickingeſ and ſtingingeſ ,-fccling moreotler a ſtrange taſt in hiſ mouth, like the iuyce or liquor thatyſſucth from the Cedar—tree, ſtamping and ſtaring, raging and fa. ring like a furiouſ, madde, frantike Bedlam , being all—moſt beſideſ himſelfe thorough the extreamity of hiſ payne, vertiginy , and giddineſſe of hiſ braine, with inclination to faincing orſwounding : ſo becing troubled, toſt, and perplexed, all fad, mclancholike and male—content, deſtirute of counſelland comforr, like a filly Miſer, and an impotent Suiter, and not like a couragiouſ hot—ſpurre, hee let hiſ action fall , turning hiſ backe like a Nouyce and freſh—water Souldier, full ſore againſt hiſ will youmay bec ſure, but there waſ no remedy, ;and ſo with aſ much ſpecde aſ hee could, bidding hiſ Loncadew , hee trudged home to hiſ ownelodging; whether becing come, and finding no relicefe , but rathet an encreaſe of hiſ tormenteſ, with a continuall burning of hiſ Vrine and ſtran— gury, hee lamentably beſought, and with weeping and teareſ moſt humbly craued and cryed out for. helpe, requeſting the fauour and furtherance, both of myſelfe and of another Phyſition for the cure : ſo I becing admitred to viſit thiſ poore patient , I firſt gauc him ſome Oyle.to drinke , thereby to pronuoke vomiting : then waſ there prepa— red a Glyſter , made of the Hearbeſ Mercar/aliſ , Mallowecſ, and the rooteſ of Althea decocted, whercin waſ diffolued Caſfa; with Qyle of Violetſ and Lyllieſ. After the ad — miniſtring of thiſ, I commanded him to take a geod draught of Coweſ or Go{ctes milke once in enery houteſ ſpace , and if Milke could ot behadde; then I willed him to take an Almond , Milkke made Exznucleiſ pineſ , deedeſ of Mellonſ, Guordeſ, and Poppy bruiſed with the diſtilled VWW ater of Malloweſ, and Alkeakergy; and thiſ would I hauc given to him in good quantity in ſtead of the Milkeiif it were wanting. E But after that my fiery Frenchman hadde reconered hiſ former health with theſe and thelike remedicſ, and that the vnaduiſed Authour of thiſ raſh counſell had very hum—= bly intreated pardon at our handeſ for thiſ hiſ great fault , he proteſted ſolemnely with agreat oath , that hee would never hereafter, preſcribe any Phyſicke to 'any manly— ning. SBorter t & ſi gThus farxe Zohanneſ Langinſ in hiſ firſtKBookc Epiſtolaſ Medicinal. forty ?%hrt; E9 2: C14 100 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ, There iſ alſo vety profitable vſe to bee made of Capzharideſ, for if you beate themto powder, and conuay a little of it into Appleſ, Peareſ, Plummeſ, Figgeſ, Peacheſ, or Quinceſ : eſpecially thoſe that beefayreſt and ripeſt , and thoſe that hang the loweſt, finely cloſing it vp againe with the pill , which if any Thecueſ or Robberſ of Orchardſ ſhall taſt of , they fall witkin a while after into an intollerable burning in their Vrine and ſtrangury, making it onely in dropping—wiſe , whereby theyr theft iſ ſoone found out , and they well rewarded with ſowre Sawee for theyr ſweete meate : And thiſ iſ an excellent night—ſpell, & therefore I waſ loth to pretermit it,but to make you acquain— ted withall. There iſ alſo another excellent medicinall yvſe of Camzharideſ, if they be ducly,and ac— cording to truc art adminiſtred, and with great warineſſe for that paſſionate gricuaunce, which at thiſ time though ſome fooliſh Phyitionſ neuer heard tell of any ſuch,I wil call Peſſuliinfirmitaſ, yet I may not ſet it downe in Engliſh, becauſe I would haue but a few acquainted with ſecretſ. Habeo enim ego ſingulare quoddam contra , peniſ Languerem re— medium, quo cum promiſcut vterer, vtranque multiſ nobilibuſ ( quiveneriſ vulgo ſEudioſiu— reſ videntur) animoſ & vireſ adauxit abſque noxa. Vii tamen inter cateroſſicabfuit, ut & venere (cui nimium lit rat )ſanguinem continud mingeret, & lipoithymia freQquenti laboret. Sank niſi latTiſ copin in procinitu fuiſſet, ommind interi [ſeſ venerenuſ pulluſ,co meritaſ ſalaci. tatiſ cupidini/{iy, panaſ luiſſet. And let thiſ ſuffice to hane ſpoken of their medicinall vertueſ and qualitieſ 1 Now will I procecde to tell you of theirillname, naughty, venemouſ, and pernitiouſ propertieſ. 'They are reckoned and ſcored vppe in the number of moſt deadly and hurtfull poyſonſ, not onely becauſe they cauſe eroſion and inflammation, but more in regard of their pu— triſaGiue quality and making rotten, wherein they exceede . Their inyce becing taken into the ſtomacke, and ſo piercing into the veineſ, or layd vppon the ſkinne outwardly ſo long till it hath entred the veineſ, iſ a moſt ſtrong poyſon, whereupon Ouid when he wiſhed ill vnto, or curſed hiſ enemy writ thiſ : Captharidum ſuccoſ dante parente bibaſ lib. Triſt.Cicero ad Parum., in the ninth Booke of hiſ familiar Epiſtleſ, hath theſe wordeſ, Cainuſ accuſante L. Craſſo, Cantharidaſ ſumpſiſſe dicitur, aſ if he purpoſed by that way to make an end of himſelfe by death.. G4/ew in hiſ third booke De Simplyc. medicam. facult. 30 writeth thuſ. If they bee taken inwardly into the body, though but in ſmall quantity, and mixed with other conuenient correSorieſ , they doe mightily prouoke vrine, and ſometimeſ cortode and fret the bladder , ſo that it iſ aſ cleare aſ the noone—day, that what thingeſ ſocuerdooucrthrow nature, by reaſon of their extreame frigiditie, if they be taken but in a very ſmall quantity, yet willnouriſh the body : ſo on the other ſide, whatſocuct iſ contrary, repugneth or yoeth againſt humaine Nature, by mcaneſ of corrupting or any putrifadiue quality like vnto Canthar/deſ, can neuer do ſo . Bartholomenſ Mentegnanſ 2 learned Phyſition, aſſureth vſ , thathe once knewe one Framc/ſ Bracee a Cittizen of Paduay in Italy, who hauing but outwardly applyed Caprharideſ to hiſ knee , yet their poyſon ſpreading to other inward partſ,he voyded fine pinteſ of bloud by way of vrine : and thiſ may any man ſee, if he will take the paineſ to read oucr Mopzegyama Conſil. 182. Cap.1o0. SDF e !Thc ſame accident hath alſo befaine them, who to be remedyed oſrough,hard,mzn- gy,or leproſclike naileſ, haue aduentured to apply them to their great toe . So that C&— tharideſ muſt not raſhly be applyed and vſed,aſ common deceiverſ, blind—empitickſ, and couſening Land—loperſ would make plaine countrey people belecue. P/iny relateth a ſto— ry of one Coſfinwſ a Romaine Knight, who waſ decrely beloued of Neyſo the Emperour, who hauing a very dangerouſ Tettar(a diſeaſe in timeſ paſt waſ peculiar to the people 0 Egypt) a Phyſition of that countrey in ſtead of curing, did kill him by giving him Car— tharideſ to drinke. * — ty But I ſhould rather thinke that Co/2@ dyed by the cutward apolycation of Canthari— deſ, becauſe by their burning and cauſticke quality, they cleane cate and conſume aWY filthy Tetterſ or Ringwormeſ, Mangineſſe, ſcuruineſſe, Leprieſ , and all hard Callouſ wartſ, Corneſ, or peeceſ of flicſh that grow in the handeſ or fecte; for I can ſee no rcaſzn woy 40 50 Of the (Cantharide:. why any would bec ſo wilfully blinde; aſ to givic them inwardly for the cuzation of any Terterſ or ſuch like griefeſ : or at leaſtwiſe I muſt thinke that the right vſe of Captharideſ waſ vaknowne to the ancient Phyſitionſ of the old world, aſ by Galen it may appeare in hiſ cleuenth booke de Simplic. Med. fac. and in hiſ fourth booke de vicha Acut. The ſame 2P/#2» (in hiſ twenty nine booke and fortith Chapter) witneſſeth, that Gom tharideſ were reprochfully layd to Cato vticenſiſ charge, and thathee waſ ſorcly blamed for offering to make a price of poyſonſ ; and to ſell themopenly, aſ in port—Gile to any that would give moſt, ſo that their price roſe to threeſcore ſeſtertieſ. Being drunke in too large a quantity, or elſe apply outwardly to any part; eyther too long or too deepe , they 30 produce theſe or thelike ſymptomeſ, accidentſ, and effeeaſ: int The party to whom they are any way given, fecleth apricking paine and tortnent in hiſ bowelleſ and inward parteſ, extending from the mouth downe to the lower parteſ a bout the Bladder, Raineſ, and the placeſ about the Waſt aud ſhort ribbeſ : they doe alſ ſo vicerate the bladder very dangcrouſly, inflaming the yard , and allotherparteſ neere. the ſame with a vehement apoſtimation : after thiſ, they pifſe bloud ; and little pecceſ of ficſth. . . Otherwhileſ there will follow a great laſke and a bloudy—flyxc, fainting and ſwoun— ding, a numneſſe or dulneſſz of moouing or feeling ; debilitation, out feebleneſſe of the mind, with:alienation of the wit, aſ though they were beſtraught, likewiſe lothing or abſ 40 hotring of mcate with a diſpoſition to vomiting, and often an ordinary deſite—to make water, and to exoneratenature, but all in vaine.He that takeththem findeth in hiſ moutdſ the taſt or tallage of pitch : and all theſ» ſymptomeſ, paſſionſ, or effecteſ; that they work, have I with much labout faithfully collected out of the fixth booke of Div/corideſ; & the firſt Chapter. And out of Galep L#b. de Theriaca ad Piſonem Cap. 4.. and ltb.3. de Temipeſ ramn capſ 3, And out ofancient khaxeſ (who practiſed Phyſicke one hundreth yeareſ, if truch be trvely related) 7%. 8. Chap. 17. If any onie be either affecdted or infected with any accydentſ; by meaneſ of Cam:harideſ, Dioſcorideſ doth thuſ cure them, aſ you may readi ly findiin the booke and chapter before cited. he an a Firſt ofall hee cauſcth them to vomit often and much: and after thathee preſcribeth 32 Glyſterſ to, bee made for the ſcouring of the belly with Niter, and to preſorue the blad— — der inwardly , to take Milke and 2/j/e» : and then hee would havie the marter of Gly= ſterſ to be ſomewhat different from thoſe which were taken in the beginning ; aſ name= ly to bec made of Barley W ater, Marſh—Malloweſ , the white of an Egge, the Muſci— ling of Line—ſcedeſ, Wiater of Ryce, the decoGion of Fennigrecke, Hydromell , fatte Broatheſ, Oyle of Almondſ, the fat of a Gooſe, and the yelkeſ of Eggeſ . And inwardſ ly to take at the mouth hee biddeth them to vſe Coweſ Milke, Hydromell, the Graineſ or fruite of the Pitch—tree, both the greater and the leſſer ſort, W inc ſodde to the halfe, Duckeſ fatte, a decoction with ſome diureticall ſeedeſ (namely with the foure greatey coldſceedſ,which are Cucumberſ,Guordſ,Citrulſ,and Melonſ) and likewiſe ſome dc;o;ſi 40 tion made of Figgeſ, with ſirup of Violetſ . Oyle of Quinceſ iſ hycly commended of *|fome aſ a proper and ſpcciall Antidote in thiſ caſe, and ſo iſ Oyle of Lillieſ, and T#774 Samia. } Rhazeſ counſell iſ, after the taking of ſome Glyſterſ made of any fat broatheſ;to make aftiniection into the yarde with Oyle of Roſeſ, :ſimdthc ſicke perſon to ſit in a warme Bath { 7728. Chapter 17. The Writerſ ard Authoutſ of Phyſicke and Phyloſophy cannot agrce, in what part of the Cantharideſ theyr poyſon cheefely lutketh : ſſforſſſomcſſ will haue it to bee principally in the head and feete, and otherſ againe will none of that : And yet they all agree vppon thiſ poynt, that in what part of the body ſoeuer theit poiſ ſon iſ ſeated, that their wingeſ are a ſoucraigneremedy afid preſernative, and if they bee g8 wanting, that their poyſon iſ deadly : ſo thatalthough they be neuer ſo poyſonouſ, yet hauc they their owne remedy which in themſelueſ they containe and carry about : Thuſ faith Plaay in hiſ eleuenth booke and 35 thapterſ } g.ſi . And I02 \ The error of ſome nredi— cine—giuerſ, Their name. The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Andperaduenture for the ſame cauſe, Gale» in hiſ eleuenth Booke which hee entituled De Simplic. Medicament. facultatibuſ, aduiſeth vſ expreſly and learnedly, that Canthay;— deſ ſhould be taken whole aſ they are, and ſo to be vſed cither for inward or outward v. ſeſ . For why it iſ far better, cuen in the outward applycation of them, that they ſhould more gently and ſlowly corrode, gnaw,or fret aſunder,and that their burning vertue and quality ſhould be a little correced and weakened, then to performe their full effeAa to the great danger of the patient, and many timeſ to hiſ viter vndoing and deſtruction. There. fore they are cleane out of the way, who when they wold vſc them for any inward cauſe, doc caſt away their wingeſ and feete, whereaſ indeede they ought to rake all of them,not reieC&ing any one part of them. For being givuen whole, they neede not ſo much any cor. reGiveſ to bridle and leſſen their powerfull operation,in regard of their wingſ and feete, the proper reſiſterſ and expellerſ of their owne or other poyſon. d The ſafeſt courſe iſ to vſe all, and euery part of them without exception , vnleſſe you would haue them to corrode, fret, inflame, or burne any part . Zycwſ Neapolitanuſ iſ of opinion, that Putcelane iſ their proper counter—poyſon , which vertue Pliny in hiſ twen— tith Booke, Chapter 13. aſcribeth to the Herbe called wilde Balſill : who alſo many waieſ commendeth Acetwm Scylliticum, Oleum Ocnanthinm, Coweſ milke and bretheſ made of Goateſ ficſh for theſe intentionſ , in hiſ 23. Booke , Chapter the ſecond and fourch, and likewile in hiſ 28. Booke and tench Chapter . And for our Hiſtory of Canthar;— deſ , let thiſ for thiſ time ſuffice, which I much wonder that the famouſ learned Ge/mey hacth in ſuch decpe ſilence paſſed ouer, neuer ſo much aſ mentioning them : whereof not. withſtanding ſo many Authourſ, both ofthe Auncienteſ and Neotctickeſ doc ſo much ting. %Aany moe authoritieſ could Lhaue alledged concerning thiſ my diſcourſe of Captha= rideſ, but that I ſuppoſed it a labour aſ endlefle in toyle, aſ needleſſe in vſe 5 the one auo— ring of too much curioſity, the other of a fryuolouſ affectation : ſo that I hope euen a— mongeſt the whole Colledge of Phyſitionſ,whereſocuer in England (if theiteareſ benot to dainty) to find ſome few grayneſ of their good wordeſ, and ſuch curtcouſ conſtruſi. on, aſ that I may ncither bee charged with partiality of concealing (whereit iſ mecte I ſhould be mute) nor be ſuſpected of vnſuſfficiency, for not purſuing where I can findeno goodfooting. OF CATERPILLERS, OR PALMER Wormeſ, called of ſome (Cankerſ. Ow I am come to ſpeake of Caterpillerſ, ſometimeſ the deſtroi— erſ and waſterſ of Egypt : aſ well in regard of the great differece that iſ found in their ſeucrall ſortſ, aſ for their great dignity and vie,wherein ſome of them are moſt notable and excellent. Some thinke that Ezwee, which iſ Engliſhed a Catterpiller, hath hiſ de— riuation 404 exodendo, which iſ not altogether improbable:; For they gnaw of and conſume by cating, both leaueſ, bougheſ, and flowerſ : yea, and ſome fruitſ alſo, aſ I haue often ſeene in pear cheſ. _ Onidinſ the famonſ Poet, ſtyleth them by the namc of Tinee agreifeſ : Quague ſolent caniſ frondeſ intexere filiſ, Agreſteſ Tine2,reſ obſeruata coloniſ, —| Feraci mutant cum papilione figuram. In Engliſh thuſ ; . And thoſe wilde motheſ by huſbandmen obſerned, Which fold themſelueſ in hearyſpringing leaneſ, G ainſ? for ce of famine, and ſlorme to be preſerned, 4 ſhape fromfruitfull Butterflyeſ receineſ. * e 30 go Of the ( atterpiller. 103 The Grzcianſ call a Catterpiller XZppe , by reaſon of hiſ crooked , winding or bene ding pace in wauing fort, whereby in creeping they bow, wry, and lift vp themſelueſ. Of the Hebreweſ it 1s.tcrm-:d G/:zz-ctm,bccauſc_lt ſheareth, pilleth, & devoureth the fruiteſ of the earth, aſ Az/z vpon the frſt of zoe/l writeth, The Italianſ call it Ruganerme, and Bru— cho, for ſo Marcellſ Virgiliuſ vpon Dioſcorideſ Gaith expreſly , that in hiſ time all the peo— ple of Italy, named it Erace, Bruchi. The Spanyardſ.terme it Oruga. The French—men, Chenille, and Chattepeleuſe. Of the Engliſh they are comonly called Catterpillerſ,of whar kind ſocuer they be of, But the Engliſh—Northren—men, call the hairie Catterpillerſ, Ow— butſ,and the Southern—men vſually terme them Palmer—wormeſ. Of the Polonianſ it iſ 39 called by the name of Ruphanſenka. Inthe Germaine tongue Efp Rawp,in the Belgian, R#— ipe. Of the Illerianſ Gaſrenica. And Siluaticwſ will hauc it called Certriſ, and Cedebroa» If I ſhould goe about to deſcribe and ſet downe all the differenceſ and varietieſ of Cat— Their dim. terpillerſ,I might perhapſ vndertake an endleſſe and tediouſ labout., I thinke it therefore renceſ. fitteſt to bend my ſlender Skill, and to imploy my beſt forceſ , in ſpeaking of ſuch aſ are more notable and common with yſ in thiſ Country : For ſome of them in touching ate rough, hard, and ſtiffe ; and other—ſome againe, are ſoft, ſmooth, and very tender. Some are horned, cither in the head or in the tayle , and againe , otherſ haue no horneſ atall. Some hane many feete, and ſome fewer, and none at all hauc aboue ſixteene feete. Moſt of them haue a bending ſwift pace, and like vnto waueſ, and otherſ againe keepe on their *9 way very plainely , ſoftly , by littie and little,®& without any great haſt, Some change their ſkinneſ yeerely, otherſ againe there be that neither change nor caſt their old dry ſkinneſ, but keepe them ſtill. Some of them cealing altogether fromany motion, and giuing onier — to eate any thing at all, are tranſformed very ſtrangely into akind of vermin ;or wormeſ, who becing coucered with a bard eruſt or ſhell, lye aſ it were dead all the winterſ & from theſe come in the beginning of hot weather, our vſuall Butter—flyeſ. ſ } Many of theſe Carterpillerſ are bred oftheeggeſ of Butter—flyeſ : andſome'againe do breede in the leaueſ of treeſ, of their owne proper ſeede , becing left therein the time of Autumne, included in a certaine webbe, or clſ by meaneſ of the dew or ayre, therein ſhut and putrified, aſ commonly the little hairie Cankerſ or Caterpillerſ which are ſofullof 30 feete, doe breede. Beſidcſ, ſome of them doe feede on leaueſ, ſome on flowerſ, & there are ſome which devoure fruiteſ. ſ worl 1 3 All mooth Catterpillerſ which are not hairie, are of a yellow or greene colour: ſome againe are found of a reddiſh colour, or browniſh, or elſe they be of ſundty.heweſ. But of all otherſ, the moſt excellent iſ the greenc coloured Catterpiller , which iſ found vppon that great buſhy plant, vſually termed Privet, or Primprint» which hath a circle encloſing, tound both hiſeyeſ and all hiſ feere, hauing alſo a crooked horne in hiſ tayle :/ theſe Cat— terpillerſ are blackiſh—redde, with ſpotſ or ſtreakeſ going ouerthwart theyrdideſ., becing halfe white and halfe purpeliſh, the little prickſ:in theſe ſporſ are inclining to redde: The reſt of theyr body iſ altogether greene. tovoudt to eormriegaſ { 33 40 There iſ another Carterpiller feeding alrogether vpon Elder—treeſ,not much differing __ from the former, fauing that thiſ iſ altogether of a greene colour, & wanting thoſc ouct— thwarting croſſe white markeſ or ſpotſ, and the other ſmall white prickſ which we deſcri— bed in the former. I Hinked 5+ rawourbDde 'There iſ alſo a third ſort of greene Catterpillerſ , which when Autumneor the fall of leake draweth on, are turned into a certaine ſheath or caſe, becing of a very hard and hor— nic ſubſtancey of colour very browne, and thiſ feedeth altogether vpon pot—herbeſ,; eſpe— cially thoſethat be ſoft, aſ Lettuce : whereypon it may not vnfitly be termed y Eznca Lac. excaria. 5 E PBSTI E TT NM laalt e Laſtly, there iſ to be ſeene another ſort, of a greene colour , which iſ thF leaſt of them go all, and thiſ kind linech and feedeth vpon'treeſ, (eſpeciallin the Oke) there drawing out theyr webbe, by meaneſ of which becing ſtyrred and ſhaken, they caſily fall dqwnc ypon the headſ of trauaylerſ and paſſengerſ by the way'ſide,cleauing to their hatſ & garmentſ. And thiſ kind of Catterpiller iſ too well knowne and ſ_ound in the Sc_)mmeſ-tlmc_, and when cold weather approacheth, they fold themſclueſ inco a rude, plaine; Snothing cu— riouſ web. And thuſ beeing included in a greeniſh ſcabbardor eaſe tending: to.ſſrcddc,thcyi Kct} al E C e 104 'The deferip— tion of Pityo— Camput5,, T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ, All die in W inter, and all theſe haue tenne feete, aſ all they haue thatgoe bending them. ſelueſ vpwatdſ. But to leauc the greene, and come to them thar are yellow ,thcre iſ to be found a certaine Catterpiller called Fizu/a,bcing aſ the word ſoundeth, a very elegant & fine inſe& to looke vpon, and paſſing beautifull : & thiſ kind hane I often found amongſt Wiilloweſ, full ſauourly feeding vpon theyr leaueſ. Hiſ lypſ and mouth are ſome—what yellow, hiſ eyeſ blacke aſ a cole, hiſ fore—head purple coloured, thefeete and hinder part of the body, of a greene graſſic hue, hiſ tayle two—forked , and ſome—what blacke. The whole body iſ aſ it wereſtained and dyed with thicke Red—wine , which runneth alongſt the necke and ſhoulderſ bladeſ, aſ it were in forme of a Burgonian croſſe, or of the Letter X made croſſt—wiſe downe vnto the tayle with a white lineſ addeth no ſmall grace to the 1, otherpartſ. ThPcrc iſ yer another Cattet—piller of yellow—blackiſh colout, called Porcel/aſ; we may in Engliſh call it Piggeſ—ſnoute, in reſpect of the faſhion of the head, eſpecially the greater ſorc of theſe, for the leſſechaue round white ſpeckſ vpon their ſideſ, and theſe liue and are altogether to be found amongſt the leaueſ of the Marſh Trifelie, which they conſume & devuoure with an incredible celeritieſ In the wilde Night—ſhade, (which the Italianſ call Pelladona)there iſ found a ſmooth Catterpiller , of a yellow—greeniſh colour , hauing a horne in hiſ fore—head the length of a finger, which Aferowſ Cardan the learned Phiſitian, reporteth thathe had oftenſcene. . The hayric Catterpillerſ are moſt miſchicuouſ and dangerouſ amongſt them all; and 46 theſeare cyther thicke or thinne hayred, and the moſt yenomouſ iſ that which iſ called Pityocampe, whoſe byting iſ poyſon : and thiſ iſ euer found in the Pine—apple—tree, beeing aſ thicke aſ three litile fingerſ, and three fingerſ long beeing layd a—croſſe. They conſiſt of eleuciſ ſlytſ or cutſ betwixt the head and the tayle, and they haue ſixteenc fecte,according aſ all other hayric Palmer—wormeſ haue. That iſ to ſay , neere the head on bothſideſ, three; in the middeſt of their body on both ſideſ,fourc,and at the end of chc tayle on both ſideſ, one. Their former feete are crooked and ſmall, with which they feele, try andaſſay the way whether it be paſſable or no,thecyr other feete are broader, with many iaggeſ and notcheſ like a ſavye, to take the faſter hold,and ſtay with ſurer footing vppon ſmoo:h and . flippery leancſ.. Their head iſ much like a Piltnireſ, and the reſt of their bodicſ like othet 30 common Carter—pillerſ. They are rough, & full of briſtly ſtanding vp hayreſ on all ſideſ, and thoſein thcyr ſideſ are white, but thoſe on their backeſ doc ſhine, beeing very bright and gliſtering, the midſt whercof iſ garniſhed with many ſpotſ, aſ though it werefull of eyeſ, : t i { Now will I ſpeake of their yvſe in Phiſicke, and in the Common—wealth.The webbe of Catterpillerſ becing taken inwardly, ſtayeth womecnſ fluxeſ, aſ Matthieluſ ſaith, Becing likewiſe burnt and put into themoſtrellſ, it ſtancheth blecding at the noſe. The Catterpil. lerſ that are found amongſt the herbeſ called Spurgeſ of all fortſ » ( by the itidgement of Hippocrateſ)atenotable forpuzulent and mattrie wombeſ, eſptecially ifthcy be firſtdryed inthe Sunne, with a double quantity of earth—wormeſ,; and a little Anny—ſeed finely. pow. dered, and ſo all of them toberelented,; and taken in ſome excellent VV hite—wine. Butin caſe they feele any heauineſ or aking in the belly after the taking of thiſ Medicine, then it were good to drinke a little Mulſethereypon. Thiſ ſayth Zgppocrateſ in hiſ booke De:ſi— perfotat. Dieſtorideſ inhiſ firſtbookearid 90.chapter, giueth in drinkethoſe commion:Catter— pillerſ that line in companieſ rogether, againſt the diſcaſe called the Squivſic."Butvnleſſe by ſome hidde and ſecret property, they doc good in thiſ griefe becing receſued inward— ly, it were needfull (in regard oftheirmanifeſt venomouſ nature).t* at they were veterly releaed & contemned. Afearger vieth them to prouckeſlecpe; for thuſ he writeth, _ Eide ſhge trſiipſ.a 0lig_a\cctn bammati kampen % Keprien drojoeaſtan.epi chloreida notoocrc. W hich Zeyemiaſ Martiuſ hath thuſ tranſlated. Quodſirodenteſoluſ et frendentiawermtſ ( Lnueva quibuſ virideſ depingunt terga coloreſ) In medio ſacra de Palladiſ arbore ſucco Triveriſ, hincg, tuum colleveriſ vndid,corpuſy| Tyta dabiſ dulci ſecuruſ membragquictiſ: Which may be engliſhed thuſ; Rat 5 \ Withherbe—cating,,or greenc—leafe—gnawing wormeſ, Whoſe backſ imprinted are with colourſ linely greene, All bruiſed, mixed with iuyce from pallaſ tree that rumeſ, Annoynted body brought to ſeund ſleepe iſ often ſeene. There are to be ſeene in diverſ thornie, pricklic, harpeand rough herbeſ (aſ for exant= plc in Nettle) ſundry hairie or lanuginouſ Catterpillerſ, which becing tyed or hanged a— bout ſome part of the body, do by and by (aſ the report goeth) heale thoſe infantſ which at © 29 30 haue any ſtopping of the meateſ paſſage when they cannotſwallow. 49 A Catterpiller bree—ding in pot—herbeſ, beeing firſt bruiſed and.chen annoyntcd vpon any venomouſ bytingſ of Serpentſ, iſ of great efficacic : and if you rubbe a naughtic ora rotten tooth with the Colewort—catterpillerſ, and that often, within a fewdayeſ follow— ing, the tooth will fall out of hiſ owne accord: Aicenya. \Carterpillctſ thixt with oyle, doe drine away'Setpentſ. Dioſcorideſ. If a man annoynt hiſ handſ,or anyother part with oyle, it will cauſe that hee ſhall receine no hurt by the ſtingingiof Becſ, V Va'ptſ, or Hor— netſ, aſ Actinſ ſayth. Pliny cytethmany fond and ſuperſtitiouſ fained matterſ, and lying taleſ, deuiſed by thoſe who in hiſ time were called Mugz, Soorhſayerſ or Dininetſ» coÞ cerning the admirable vertueſ of Catterpillerſ. All which becauſe I ſee them hiſſed out of the Schoole of Dininitie, and that in hart ſecretly I haue condemned them , J wilbarthiſ time let them paſſe without any further mention. They are alſo a very good meate to diverſ byrdeſ and fowleſ, which are ſo needful for the vſe, benefit, and foode of man—kinde , aſ to Starlingſ, Peacockſ, Henneſ, Thruſheſ, Daweſ or Chougheſ : and to ſundty fiſheſ likewiſe, aſ to the Tench, Pike or Pikerel}, & to a certaine Sea—fiſh called a Scorpion : alſo to the Troute,and ſome otherſ, whoarſ ſſy 1 50 Of the Boaſ. m ſily deceit.conmilbia Catterpillerd hooke. V Vhich kind of: fiſhingfrande;ifyouworuld ber— rer be inftructed in, I'muſt referre you to Tyre»;Fow;in hiſ Geo}}anisk:,ar:d zoſia*li{dcſſboo](c dedicatedro Robert Dudley, late Earle of Leiceſter; written by Ma Samae/tP/ira—zof Godſ mancheſter in Hantingtonſbiere. t roighibrionſ yximularbauwonviavwor It iſ not to be pafled ouecr in filence, how that not many yereſ ſince,there came infinite ſwarmeſ of Cartterpillerſ out of Z4Fwrizinto Polonia, Hungatriayand beyond the lymitſ of Germany, which did not onely deuoure the fruiteſ oftreeſ;butwhatſocuer waſ greene either in the medoweſ & tilled fieldſ, beſideſ the Vineſ: whichwaſkaken fortd Euident prognoſticke and ſigne (aſ many divined) of ſome grear Turkiſh Armic to come ſwar— to ming into thoſe partſ : neither hereindid thiſ their geGing andmiiſtriiſt deceiuc them, for the next yeere following waſ the ſiedge of Viewna in Anſi?ria, the ſiwaſting » ſpoylin Iand ougr—running of Zypg27/a, and the deadly Engliſh—Sweating conld norcomank&it felfein an Nand, but muſtſpread it ſelfe among them of the Contirlent, iwherevppontaſuedthc :: deſtruction of many thouſindſ of peopic, before amy remedy could:be found gueſ fmtheſ: yeere of grace 1573. there ruſhed infinite Gwarmeſ of Carterpillerſ:into Italy, where theyo: ſpoyletand made hanockof all greene budſ & graſſe growing vpontho face offtheearchyſ ſo thatwith theyr vnquenchable and inſatiare voracity') they!lofv nothing buo the bare:@ rooteſ of treeſ and plantſ : and thiſ hapned chicfely about Mimrmuzarid Brixia; Aundvponm} thenecke of thiſ,follefved a terrible& feareſull peſtilence, of whicly there dyedaboneyo,> texthouſand perſonſ. — — E \ Alſo in the yeere of out Lord G O D 1 5.70, there veere two great and ſuddaine ſwarmeſ of Catterpillerſ that camervſhing into Italy in the ſpaceof one Sommer,which put the Romanſ into an exceeding great feare , for there waſ nothin g left greene in all their fieldeſ that could be preſcrued from their rauiney and fromithtir glattonduſ and pil. ling maw. And although the fertilitic of the yeere immediatly following, didalmoſtblot and race ont the memory of thiſ theicheduy puniſhment, & that mmany ſeemed aſ It were; rodepent them of theyrrepentanceſycvare we not to'doubt; but thaſ mary werearuly pc—. nitent, and ſeriouſly were drawne toamendement oflife by a due conſideration hitercof,. God'grant that we may be warned by other menſ puniſhmentſ, leaſt that poore etcature,, 30: which weimagin to be the ſillieſt & leaſtable to.do vſ harme, we find the moſt heauieſ / : 1 e) 3 {eAE > | T waſ well knowne among all theRomanſ,chat when Reguliſ waſ Goo) vuernour or Generall in the Parick warreſ,there waſ 'a Serpeot(figerethe 'g%as E River 34g74de)killed wtih'ſlingſ & ſtoneſ,cucn aſ a Towne or little Cit. \e NW tie iſ oner—come , which Serpentwaſan hundrePMand twenty footeMm" " .)!% length: whoſe ſkinne and cheeke boneſ, were reſeratd/in '® Temple 'at 2 ! Rome, votill the AWmantine warre. TEOTDUCHTIOOTHO 33 And thiſ Hiſtory iſ more eaſie to be belceued, becauſe of the Boaſ Serpernit bred in gie taly at chiſ day : for we read in Solipwſ, that when C/andi/aſ waſ Emperout, tlȝ_'crc'Wad_onſic- # ofthem ſzine in the Pazicer at Rome , in whoſe belly waſ found an —Infant ſwallowed whole, and not a bone thereof broken. T he Germaineſ call thiſ Setpent Prelig; Arnd be—> ſideſ the Tidoe not reade of any other Name. Some have ignorantly confonnidedirwith | Cherſydruſ, an Adder of the earth, but vpon what reaſon I doe not know, oriely*eliinſ diſcourſin g of Calabria, might gine ſomecolour to thiſ opinion, when he ſz'zctlcſih,! pct{ſizþ,ſſſiſſſ Cherſydriſ eit frequentiſiima, &r boam gitnhit quem Anguem ad immmſhm mo/ef,ej(uſi;?t oa leſcere : that iſ to ſay, Calabria iſ full of Earth—Adderſ, and it breedeth the Boaſ ',ſſ*i\f\fl_}fi'ch 0 Snake ſome affirme will grow into a monſtrouſ ſtature. Out of which wordſ,; there itnd} wiſematican colle& that the Boaſ and the Adder of the earth areiall (mc_thm'gT IE olden The Latineſ call it 200and Zonſ of B0ſ, becauſe by ſucking Coweſ milke it ſovenerca— E ſeth, that in the end it deſtroyeth all manner of hedreſ, Cattell and Regionſ. And our do—: meſticall Snakeſ and Adderſ, will alſo ſticke milke from Kine, aſ in allthe Nagſilqns ſiof the' world iſ moſt manifeſt to them that will obſerue the ſame. 4 EANA } L 3 The I ) \ a EEZ The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. The Italianſ doe vſually call them, Seypedſ de Aqwa, a Serpent of the waen . qzdthere— fore all the Learned expound the Geeeke yword Hydra for a Boaſ. Cardan ſaith, that there are of thiſ kind in the kingdome of Sexege, both without feet & wingſ, but moſt properly they are now found in Italy, according to theſe verſeſ. Bo# quidem ſerpenſ quem tellaſ Itala nutrit aAnpormgtwii A Hune bubulumplureſ lac enutrire dovent: A\WWehich may be englthed thuſ 5 \ o=mſ or \ Thie Boaſ Serpent which Italy doth breede, + | (Men ſay, vppon the milke of Coweſ dothfeede. *Thiir faſhion iſ in ſeeking forthcirprey among the heardeſ,to deſtroy nothing that gi— uethſuckſo long aſ itwillliue, but they reſerue it aliue vntill the milk be dryed vp,then af. terward they kill & catelit;and ſo they deale with whole flockſ & heardſ. The poyſon of it)ſaith Zeſ?wſ, maketh timour & ſwelling in the body, whereynteallotherſ agree, except Albertuſwho in thiſ poynt agreeſ not with himſelfe , for in one place hee ſaith that they are venomouſ, &itheir tecth alſo like other Dragonſ, in another place he ſaith,their poy— ſon:iſ veryweake, and notto be regatded, becauſe they be Dragonſ of the third order or deuiſion, They goc all vpon their belly, and ſo I will conclude their ſtory with Maptaan. TurpiBoaflexiliſ aluo.. that iſ to ſay, e Sirtior, . The filthy Boaſ on hiſ beily mooweſ. — . OF THE CHAMALEON. t 7— y — *T iſ very doubtfull whether a Chamazlcon were euer knowneto ) the auncient Hebreweſ, becauſe there iſ no. certaintic among the for the appeliation thereot, ſome affirming one thing , and ſome another, W e read Zew/#.11. among other beaſtſ there forbidden to be eaten of, Xa4h, or Keach, which Rabbi Kimhſ interpreteth a 30 kind of Crocodile ( Aaxab,) Rabbi Temaſ in the Atabian, Hrdmn, and ſo alſo doth Awzcen. 'The Chaldce Koaha,;the Perſianſ 4p/an— ©$52_N' g4, the Septuagintſ and S. Ierom, a Chamzlcon. The ſelfe ame word iſ found Zewi?. 14 . which the Teweſ do vulgarly at thiſ day take for Seniew, a Cro— codile of the earth. The word O2þ or Oach, ſcemeth to come neere to thiſ, which iſ ſome— timeſ interpreted a Torteyſe, a Dragon, or a Monkey. And O2; by Syluationſ, iſ tranſla— ted a Salamander. Kg4#h by the Teweſ,iſ tranſlated a Cuckoc, a Iay, a Pellican, & an 0— »ocratua : and in the ſecond of Sephont for a Cham=leon. Some haue framed an Hebrew word Gamalion, which iſ abſurd, for Gamelcon. Zamelon, Aamelonx, Hamaleon, & Meleon, are but cormupted termeſ of Chamelcon, aſ 7/doymſ well obſcructh, or elſ ſignifieth ſome 48 ofthe kindſ of Lyzardſ or Stelliondſ, aſ iſ manifeſt in A/bcrz#wſ, and other learned Wri— terſ, Therefore I will notblotmore paper about the Arabian beaſteſ Zarbe and Alharbe, Alarbian or Hardon, Hardun or Alharba,butleaue them to the indgement ofthoſe , vyho delight in the inucſtigation ofſuch ſecretſ. Chamaleon iſ a Grecke word, from whence the Latineſ, and almoſt all Nationſ haue borrowed the name of thiſ ſexpentine or creeping beaſt, except the Germaineſ, and they onely hauc fained nameſ, aſ Lindzwaym in Albertuſ, that iſ, a W orme of the wood, and Rattader by Geſner , that iſ a Ratmouſe, becauſe in quantitic & compoſition, it rcſcſ\}blc\h both thoſe creatureſ. Some Latineſ, by reaſon of the ſimilitude itholdeth with a Lizard, callit Myzi Lacerituſ, a Mouſe—Lyzard. The Greekeword Chameleon, ſignificth alow & ge humble Lyon,bccauſe in ſome partſ and memberſ, he reſembleth that lofty & couragiouſ beaſt. So do they deriue the nameſ of certaine low & ſhort herbſ, from great & tall treeſ, _ aſ Chamateraſuſ, Chamacipariſſuſ, Chamedriſ, and Chamapitiſ, ſhrubſ of plumtrcc,th-F » Cipreſ, Germander,& ground Iuy, from the Cherry,cthe Cypreſ,thc Cedar, & the Ping tree. And thuſ much for the name of the Chamalen. The on 9 20 0 3 9 & $o Of the (hameleon. The countrieſ breeding Cha— meleonſ,are Afftrica, Aſia, and India,& for the quantity there. of I do find diverſ deſcriptionſ, fome particuler , aſ in Belloyiue and Scaliger, and ſome generall in other W'riterſ , all which I purpoſe briefely & ſucceſſinely to expreſſe in thiſ place . It iſ ſaide (ſaith Be/Zoninſ,) that the Frogge & the Chamelcon ate like one to the other , becauſe they vſe the ſame Art and indu— ſtry in taking their meate : and to the intent that thiſ thingmay more cuidently appeare , both by the deſcription and the pic— ture , I haue thought good to entreate of thc Chamzleon, a— mongſt the W ater—beaſtſ , be— cauſe it lineth for the moſt part, in moyſt, marſhy , and Fennie Elaccs. I haue feene of the two indſ, one, a leſſer kind in Araſ bia, beeing of a whitiſh colour, allſette oucr with yellowiſh or reddiſh ſpotſ, and in quantitie not exceeding the greene Ly— zard. The other,in the hot pla— ceſ of Egypt, being twiſe aſ big in quarititie aſ the Arabian,and of a changeable colour,betwixt > white, greene, browne & yel— low, for which occaſion fſome haue called it ver/Zecolor Chame. leom,that iſ, a Turne—coate—co— loured Chamalcon. But both theſe kindeſ of Chamzlconſ, haue a copped head , like to a Camell, and two boneſ at the toppe of thcyr broweſ ſtanding wp on either ſide, and hanging t we ſſ— , 1 I \ctl'l}fl{* ,ſictſfi)}ſct 7 (5 MMI ( Y — ——_— 2 NW ) out : their eyeſ are moſt clecre 1 0 and bright, about the bigneſ of ) )ſi)\ __ſſ))}/d}/ ) Mſi a peaſe, onely coucred vvith a ſkinne, ſo that theit appearance outwarde , exceedeth not the quantity of a Millet—ſcede. They are very flexible , turning vp— wardſ and downewardſ, & are able at one time to looke two ſenerall wayeſ, diſtinaly vpon two ſeucrall obiectſ, vyherein * , — they exceede all other beaſtſ, It iſ a heauie and dull beaſt, like the Salamander , neithet can it tunne, but like a Lizard, wherfore it iſ not aftaid of the ſight of macn, neither dothit — kh3 zunne \ 14 T he EIſtory of Serpentſ. vunne from their preſence,ncither iſ it eaſily pronoked to harme or bite a man : it climb— eth litrle trecſ for feare of Viperſ and horned Serpentſ. Some haue thought that it nevier eateth mear, but iſ nouriſhed with the wind, becauſcit draweth in very cagerly many timeſ the wind into the belly, whereby it ſwelleth : for it hath grearlightſ ſtretched all along the ſideſ of the belly : but thiſ opinion iſ falle, aſ ſhall bc ſhewed hereafter, although it cannor be denyed that it iſ On/parnm patrentiſſmun fa— miſ :that iſ, The moſt induring famine among all other Egge—breeding.beaſteſ, for it fa ſteth many timeſ eyght montheſ : yea, a whole yeare together . In ſtead of Noſtrilſ and careſ it hath certaine paſſageſ in thoſe placeſ, whereby it ſmelleth and heareth. The opening of the mouth iſ very latge, and it hath teeth on the neather andvpper chap like Saweſ, ſuch aſ are in a Slo—wormec,the teong very ſmooth,halfe a hand breadth long, where withall itlicketh in thoſe inſecteſ Fiycſ, Horſe—flyeſ, Locuſteſ, and Emitteſ, whcreuponit feedeth : For itkeepeth atthe mouth a certaine fome or moyſture, and al— ſo vpon the tayle and backer parteſ, wherewithall thoſe Flyeſ and other Creatureſ areſo much delighted, that they follow the Chamzlion, and aſ it were bewitched with the de— fire thereof, they fall vppon the moyſture to their owne perdition ; and thiſ iſ to bee noted, that thiſ moyſture or fome in the backer parteſ of the body iſ like a Spunge. It hach a line or ſtrake vader the belly, indented aſ it were with ſcaleſ, white in colour, and ſretched out to the tayle , but the feete ſeeme to bee of an artificiall worke of Nature, Be o whercin iſ a curiouſ difference betwixt the former and the hinder : for the forefecte haue 49 three fingerſ or cl..weſ within, and two without : the hinder feete on the contrary, haue two withouta. d three within: It layeth tweluelong Eggeſſuch aſ Lyzardſ do,chc han iſ not much greater then the heart of a Domeſticall Mouſe or Rat : it hath two lappeſ of a Liuer, whereof the left iſ the greater, vnto which cleaucth the ſkinue of the Gall, the which ſkin exceedeth not in quantity a Barly—corne . And thuſ farre the deſcription by Belloniuſ. In the nextplace for the better manifeſtation of the nature of thiſ beaſt , I willalſoadde the deſcription that Sealiger maketh thercof. For he ſaith, when Zyhayzeſ Lapdinſ waſ in the fartheſt partſ of Syriz, he ſaw fiue Chamelionſ, whereof hebought one, which with hiſ tongue did very ſoddenly rake offa Fly from hiſ breaſt : W herefore in the diſſection 30 oftheſaiid Changalion, he found that the tonguethcreof waſ aſ long aſ a hand breadth, hollow and empty, in the toppe whereof there waſ a little hole with filthy marter there— in, whetrewithallhec tooke hiſ prey : which thing ſeemed new and ſtrange vnto the which heretofore thought that a Chamalion liued onely by the ayre. Hiſ backe waſ ſomewhar crooked, riſing with ſported buncheſ like a Sawe , like the Turbut—fiſh, hiſ belly cloſed with fhort ribbeſ, hiſ eyeſ moſt beautifull, which he turneth euery way without beading hiſ necke : hiſ colour white, greene, and duſky : naturally greene, ſomewhat pale on the backe, but palcrand nearer to white on the belly ,yet waſ it beſer all oucr with red,blew; and whiteſpotſ. It iſ not truethatthe Chamezelion chaungeth her ſelfe into all coloutſ , vppon greent groweth greenneſſe, vpon the duſky iſ tempered a duſky colour ; but vppon blewted, or white the natine greenneſ iſ notblemiſhed or obſcured,but the blew, white, and red ſþotſ yeald a more linely and pleaſant aſpeCt ; vpon black,ſtandeth browne,yet ſo,aſthegree® hew ſeemeth to be confounded with blacke, and itdoth not change hiſ owne colour into a ſuppoſed colout, buit when it iſ oppreſſed with feare or griefe. Thatir liieth ſometime ofthe Ayrc, a whole yeareor more, docthappeare , becauſeit eate th no meate during. that time, but gaping with a wide mouth draweth in the dyre, & then ſhutting hiſ chapſ againe hiſ belly ſwelleth . Yea, I found one that conſtantly affirmed, that they wine themſelueſ to the beameſ of the Sunne, and gaping wide after them, follow them liar aſ it were to driw them in. They hauc fiue diſtinG claweſ vpon eucry foote, with two of which they claſpe the round bougheſ or twiggeſ of treeſ, aſ Parratſ doe when they fi yppon their pearcheſ, and theſe claweſ ſtand not aſ other Birdeſ doe, three rogetheran one by it ſelfe, but in imparity or diſſimilitude, three on the one ſide, and two on the &— ther, and ſoare parted with an inucrſe order,for the hinder and former are comrary oB® to the other, ſo aſ if there bee three elaweſ on the infide, and two on the ourſideof t Iey 40 we 0 Of the Chamezliom yt Leg before, then are there three on the outſide belhind much I receined from Zaxgiuſ. So farre Scaliger. i51% ( Now we will proceede to the perticular deſcriptrion of their partſ, aſ we find thein re— corded in other W'riterſ, leauing thoſe brecfe andpregnable Narrationſ of pPelloninſ & Scaliger. And firſt of all for the figureand outward ſhape of theit bodieſ , then for theyr colout, and the reaſonſ of their mutability and variation of colour»_For the figure and fhape of their bodicſ, Pliny iſ of opinion, that a Chameelion iſ like to a Crocodile of the Earth , except in the ſharpe bending of the backe—bone, or thelengthor greamneſſe of the tayle . Some ſay that the. whole partſofthe body—doth repteſenta Lizard,cxcepring . — ,, 10 that the ſideſ are loyned to the belly /and the backe—bone ſtandethivp aſ in Fiſhcſ. Arpol— Aril*t/® duſ ſaich it reſembleth a Sre/Zienifthe Legſ were not ſtraighter and higher : but the truth iſ, it iſ a Foure—footed—beaſt, much like to a Zixard, yetiv gocthhigher from the Earth, S44p, and alwayeſ gapeth, hauing a rough ſkinne allouer the body like a Crocodile; and iſ alſo full of ſcabſ. | A15% fa The lengthofit from the tip of theNoſeto the rumpe of thetaileſ iſ 7! or 8. fingerſ, the height of them fiue fingerſ, and the Legſ along, threc fingerſ and a halfe. The lengch ofthgrayle eyght ornine fingerſ, the backe—bone. eminent & ſtanding vp, cteſted or in— dented all chroughout to the tip of the taile, but reare the ruimp,the crefteſ aremorelow andleſfle viſible. On cytherſide at thexeote of the ribbeſ ſtand borly eminent buncheſ, 10 from which diſcendeth a line, and iſ extended throughout the length of the tdild on both ſideſ, and if it were not for theſe buricheſ the turningſ about; andthe— otherabrec in the lower part, it would be ſo exalperated or extenuated toward the end like to:thtrayle of a Rat or.great Mouſe. The middle place betwixt/ the bottome .of the belly incthe top.. ofthe backe; contayneth an Angle or flexureoflixtreene ribbeſ, after the faſhionorpro— portion of a Greeke ZLar»bda,except that the angle thereof bemotewide & potrent,which looketh backeward toward the taile, and within theſe ribbeſ iſ the whole haunch of the body and belly, contained in a round compaſſe.on either ſide.. Becing blacke , it iſ not vnlike the Crocodile, and being pale, it iſ like to the Z/aard , ſet ouer with blacke ſpotteſ like a Leopard. It changeth colout both in the eyeſ;tayle, and whole body alwayeſ into 30 the colour of that which iſ next it, except red and white, which colourſ it cannot eaſily " vndertake, ſo that it deceitieth the eyeſ of the beholderſ,curning blacke into greene, and greene into blew, like a Player, which putterh of one perſon ; to put on another : Accor— ding to theſe verſeſ.of Ouid; fi:cob I , and two on the inſide : And thitſ : 2d quogue quod wentiſ anianal natritiir C> aura) . —.\ —— Protinuſ aſſimilat, tetigit quoſcuny, coloreſ. —' {\., + InEngliſhth,us;ſi he beaſtthat lineth by wind andweather;> —\> wo0! Of cachthing touched taketh colour:.: 0 alo: i A J i e3 UNERERS y4 08 ATTOIH UL Y 5 Tt he ut 3 5 i The reaſonſ of thiſ change of colour are the ſame which are given of the Bufleand; PobpuſFiſh ; nantely; extreamity of feate, the thirineſſe, ſmogthnefle, and haldncſſe. of the ſkinne. VW hereupon Tertalliemwniteth thuſ ; Hoc ſolt Chappelientſ datm.quad -wctlg_aſſ.' dittiim eit deſya corio ludere : Thatiſto ſay, Thiſiſ the oncly}piſtof natineto a Chama lion, thataccording to;the commion Proucrbe 1;;de_cc111cth-vſſ1ch -þ;ls 3kin : meaning that achamzlion at hiſ ownepleaſure camchange the colour of hid bkinne+| VW hcrcþpon E—x raſinuſ applycth the prouerb,de alienſ corio lndere, to ſuch aſ ſecure Ehſic_mſclug; ſſwuſſh otbſicr_; menſ perill; Fromhencealſo commethanother propcr_bcſi, c:_'þgr{x.ſſ{zkozztax mmzſ,aþo{ct_nſſ txreſ,mmore mutable then AChamwaelien; for a-crſiafcy ;cunning, in ſioactnſtſiant fellowſ ;hangmg j0; himſelfcinto. euery manſ diſpoſition pfuch a oncwaſ Aletbzctdf:,wl}o waſſaid to bein 2#4 thenſ,and of ſuch a manteſemblingthiſ beaſt,did_Alernirewſ make chlsſicmblqmctzgamſi fllt:" TCLCES$ SadqſR SidIll ES9VY9T 'ſſſi]j'.,".' ronreod ſiſi-' - E_ſct_..ſſ._;-;-\ EJ J HMA SSTHY : Sermper hiat; ſompertennem ;]zaggaſmur auram5 Reciprocat.Chamalien, qeaniaiowirgn JEBmutatfacient, uarioſ ſhrzflqu colereſ> 41—\ſſ } — 48Y OR o 116 e Ariſtatie. Pling, The Hiſtory of Serpentſ, Pyeter yubrum vel candidum. Sic &r adulator populare veſcitur anrn, Hianſque cunFadeworat. Et ſoliwnſ moreſ imitatur prineipiſ aty 05 Albi@r pudicineſciuſ. *That iſ to ſay ; It alway gapeſ, turning in and out that breath Whereon it feedeſ : and often changeth hew : Now blacke and greene, andpile ,and other colow?ſ hath, Iſ Butred and white Chamelionſ do eſchew : So Clawbackeſfeede.on vulgar breath aſ bread, With open mouth dewouring fame and right, Princeſ, blacke—viceſ praiſe, but vertueſ dread, Deſigned in nature by colotrſ red and white. A Chamzelion of all Egge—breeding—bcaſteſ iſ the thinneſt, becauiſe it lackethbloud, and the reaſon hereof iſ by Ayi#orle referred to thie diſpoſition ofthe ſoule : For he ſaith, through ouer much feare, it taketh vpon it mary colourſ, and feare through the want of bloud and heate, iſ a refrigeration of thiſ beaſt. 20 Plutarke alſo calleth thiſ beaſt a mcticulouſ and fearefull beaſt, and in thiſ cauſe con— cludeth the change ofhiſ colour, not aſ ſome ſay, to duoyde and deceiue the beholderſ and to worke out hiſ owne happineſſe,but for meere dread and terrour. Zohanzeſr/ſimuſ aſſigneththecauſe of the change of Chamalionſ'colour, not to feare, but to the meate & to thoayre,aſ appeareth by theſe verſeſ 5 ET ESODROUH Nontimor , imd tibuſ, nimirum Limpiduſe aer, —— 3S): Io reo Thiſ beaſt hath the face like a Lyon , the feet and tayle of a Crocodile, haning a variable colour;aſ you haue heard, and onc ſtrange continued Nerue from the head to the tayle, becing atogether withoutfleſh, except in the head; cheekeſ; and vppermoſt part of the rayle, which iſ ioyned to thebodyſ neither hath it any bloud but inthe hare, eyeſ, and in a place abouc the harty and incerrainevayneſ deriuedfrom thatplace; "and in them alſo butaverylittleblotid)) 0:199) 0 rloci) 02 50 01 chita qneiiſ h. [1901g 20 dlovlagn! Therebemany membrantſ all oucr theyr bodieſ; and thoſe ſrongerthen in any other Beaſteſ!From themiddle of che head backwatd, thereariſethathreeſquare bone, and the fore partiſ hollowand round like a Pipe, certaine bony brimimeſ; ſharpeand inden— 59 ted, ſtanding vpon citherſideſ They'r braine iſ o little abouc theireyeſ, that italmioſt toucheth them, and the vpper ſkinne becing pulled offfrom theireyeſ, there appearetha certaine round thing likewbright ring of Braſſe, which AuGphwrcalleth P—/ſ, which ſigni= fieth that part of a Ring, wherein iſ ſer a pretiouſ ſtonte >>" , The eyeſ in the hollow withinare yery greatyandmuch greaterthen the proporuonf 5 P 1 Of the Chametion, ofi rhcbody, round,and couered ouer with ſuch a Skinne aſ the whole bo&y iſ, eXcepr the apple, which iſ bare, and that part iſ neuer coucred;:. Thiſ apple ſtandſ immoucable, not turned, butwhen the whole eyc iſ turned atthe pleaſure of the beaſt. The ſnoute iſ like to theſmoute of a Hog—ape, alwayeſ gaping, and neuer ſhutting hiſ mouth, and ſeruing him $059#% for no othervſe but to beare hiſ tongne and hiſ teeth : hiſ gumbeſ are adorned with teeth aſ we haue ſaid before, the vpper lippe beeing ſhorter and more turned in then the other. Theirthroateand arterie are placed aſ in a Lizard : their Lightſ ate excecding great,and they haue nothing elſ within their body. W hervpon Theoppraſtuſaſ Plutarch witneſſech conceineth; that they fillthe whole body within, & for thiſ cauſe it iſ more apt to linve 61 10: the ayre, and alſo to change the colourſ tren + It hath'nd Spleene or Mclt, the tayle iſ very long, atthe end and turning vp likea Vi< perſ tayle, winded together in many circleſ: T he feetcare double. clouen, &ifor propor— Aiſ/ak tion reſemble the thumbe and hand of a man, yet ſo, aſ ifone of the fingerſ were ſernecre *' the ſideof the thumbe, hauing three without and two within bechind , and thigeyyithin 5 and twowithout before ; the palme betwixt the fingerſ iſ ſomewhat great : frotit within the hinder leggeſ; there ſeeme to growe certaine ſpurreſ: Their leggeſ are ſtraight, and longer then a Lizardſ, yet iſ theyr bending alike, and theyrnayleſ are crooked and very ſharpe. —One of theſe beeing difſected and cut aſunder , yet breatheth a long time after, they gooc into the caneſ and holeſ of the earth like Lizardſ, whercin they lic allthe winter to—time, and come forth againe in the Spring, theyr pace iſ very flow , and themſelueſ very geotle, never exaſperated but when theyare about wild—figge—trceſ. T hey hauve for theyr enemieſ the Serpent, the Crow and the Hawke. VV ben the hun: gry Serpent doth afault them, they defend themſelueſ in thiſ manner, aſ Alexa@zdey Min— dinſ wiriteth ; they take in their moutheſ a broad & ſtrong ſtalk, vndet prote&ion where— of aſ vnder a buckler, they defend themſelueſ againſt theyr enemy the Serpent, by reaſon that the ſtalke iſ broader then the Serpent can gripe in hiſ mouth, and the other partſ of the Chamaleon ſo firme and hard, aſ the Serpent cannot hurt them : he labourcth but in vaine to get a prey, ſo long aſ the ſtalke iſ in the Chamaleonſ mouth. Butifthe Chamae; lcon atvany time ſee a Serpent taking the ayre, and ſunning himſelfe vndet ſome greene 39 tree, he climbeth yp into that tree, and ſetleth himſelfe direGly ouer the Serpent,then out of hiſ mouth he caſteth a thred like a Spyder, at the end whercof hangeth a drop of poy; ſon, aſ bright aſ any pearle, by thiſ ſtring he letteth downe the poyſon vpon the Serpent, which lighting yppon it, killeth it immediatly. And Sealiger reporteth a greater vyomder then thiſ in the deſcription ofthe Chamaleon, for he ſayth, if the bougheſ of the Tree ſo grow aſ the perpendiculer line cannot fall dire&lic vpon the Serpent, then hee ſo correGſ eth and guideth it with hiſ fore—feete, thatit falleth ypon the Serpent within the mark of ahayreſ breadth. The Rauen and the Crow are alſo at variance with the Chamaleon, & ſo great iſ the aducrſe nature betwixt theſe twaine, that if the crow eate of the cham@eleon beeing ſlaine 4o by him, he dyeth for it, except he recouer hiſ life by a Bay—leake, eucn aſ the Elephant a ter he hath devuoured a chamzlcon; ſaueth hiſ life by eating of the Wile—olive—trce. But the greateſt wonder of all iſ, the hoſtility which Plizy reporteth to be betwixtthe Chaſ mazleowand the Hawke. For he writeth,that when a Hawke flyeth oucr a Chamglcon, ſhe hath no power to reſiſt the Chamelcon,butfalleth downe before it, yeelding both her life and limbeſ to be deuouted by it ; and thuſ that devourer that linueth vpon the prey & blood of otherſ, hath no power to ſauc her owne life from thiſ little beaſt. A Chamazlcon iſ a fraudulent, rauening and gluttonouſ beaſt, impure, and vncleane by the law of G O D, and forbidden to be caten : in hiſ owne nature wilde, yet counterſ fetting meekeneſ, when he iſ in the cuſtodic of man. And thiſ ſhall ſuffile to hauc ſpoken 3e for the deſcription of thiſ beaſt, a word or two of the Mcdicineſ ariſing out of it, and ſo a concluſion, ** t I find that the Auncientſ haue obſcrued two kindeſ of Medicineſ in thls_ beaſt, one ma— gicall, and the other nawrall, and for my owne part, although not able to indge of either, yet Lhanethought good to anex a relation of both to thiſ Hiſtory. And firſt of the nawu— fallmedicineſ , Deweocritmſ iſ of opinion that they deſerue a peculier Volume, ſiſi: ycſp ;}c E mleite it7 un8 T he Hnſtoxy of Serpentſ. himſelfe telleth nothing of the worthy of one pageyexcept the lying vanitieſ of the Gen—., tileſ, & ſuperſtitionſ of the Grzzcianſ . WWith the gall, if the ſuffuſionſ and Leprouſ partſ ; ofthe body be annointed three dayeſrogether;and the whiteneſſcoftheeyeſ;itiſ belee=; aeMateltſ ned to gine'a preſent remedy : and Arc/azſigmesprcſcribcth the ſaime for ameditine for the taking away ofthe voprofitableandandpricking hayreſ of the eye—broweſ/Itiſthought; ifit bonixed with ſome ſweet compoſition, thatit hath powerto cure a quotidian Ague... If theroong of Cham@lion be Hung oucr an oblinuiouſ and forgerfull petſon;it iſ thouglit tohanepower toreſtorchiſmemoty. — EFT cboouiodſ firhkiw ab gniriion onrd yorr Rbaze: oThe Chamalion from the head to the tayle; hath but one Nettre; whichrbecing taken; ourand hung about the necke of him that holdeth hiſ headalwry or: backoward;ivemieth; 1e: hind. {Ehc other partſ hauc the ſaime— operation aſithc partſ ofthe HyeenagAhciScatalte, Ifa Gham@lion beſodin an carthempot,and conſumedtill the warerbeaſthickeagoile;y themafterſuch ſeething, take thebonceſ out, and:putthem in aplace whiere theSuohne neſ; uer commeth, then if you ſec a maniin the fit ofthe falling ſickneſſe, turnc hird vppoin hiſ; belly; and annoynt hiſ backe from the Osſſſhmm to ſþc ricſſigc bopey and itwillpreſentl Traiauy, WX Bim fromthefit : but afterſeuen timeſ vſing, inwillperfedtly cine himeThiſ: Oyle * thuſmade muſtbekeptin a Boxe. Thiſ medicine following iſ a preſentremedydgaynſt| the gowt. Take the head and feet of a Chamelcon,cut offalſothe outward pafteſ of the} knceſandifecte, and then keepe by themſelueſ thoſepartſ : that iſ to ſrythe parteſof the rightlegge by themſelueſ, and the parteſ of the Jeft Lepgeby themſ clucſſs_, then touch the re Nayle of the Chamezelcon with your Thumbe and right finger of your hand, dipping the tipſ of yourfingerſ of the right hand in the bloud of the right foore of the beaſt =andlo likewiſethe fingerſ ofthcleft hand in the bloud of the leftfoote,; then include thoſe partſ in two little Pipeſ; and (o let theſicke perſon carry the right parteſiin the right hand , and the leſt partſ in the left hand, ynuill hebe cured : and thiſ muſtbee remembred, that hee muſt touch enery morning about the Sun riſing the faidChamcleon, yet liuingand lap—: ped in a Linnei cloth,with thoſe partſ thatare oppreſſed with the:Gout: 0 =@ The like ſuperſtitiouſ and magicall deuiſeſ are theſe that follow, aſ they arerecorded by Pliny and Democrituſ.—T he head and thraot being ſet on fixre with wood of Qake;they.! beleceuc to begood againſt Thunder andraine, and ſo alſo. the Liner burned on a T yle. 38 Iftherighteye be taken out of it aline, and applyed to the whiteneſ of the eyeſin Goatſ Milke, it iſ thought to cure the ſame. The tongue bound to a woman with child;preſfer— uceth her from danger in child—byrth, if the ſame tonguc be taken.. from the beaſtaliue, it? iſ thought it foreſheweth the euent of iudgement. "The heart wrapped in blacke Wiooll ofthe firſt ſhearing, by wearing it, cureth a quartane Ague,the right clawof the forefeet bound to the leftarme with the ſkinne of hiſ cheekeſ, iſ good againſt robbcrieſandter— tourſ of the night,and the right pap againſt all feareſ. If the left foote be ſcorchedinafur— nace with the Herb Chamalcon,and afterward putting a litle vintment to it, %omiadein— to little Paſtieſ, ſo being carryed about in a woodch boxe, itmakeththc partyto go in— viſible. The right ſhoulder maketh a man to preuaile againſthiſ aduerſarieſ, if they doe 49 but tread vpon the Netueſ caſt down vpo the carth: But the leftſhoulder they conſecrate the ſame to monſterouſ dreameſ,aſ if that thereby a man might dreame what hee would in hiſ owne perſon and effect, the like in otherſ. a t & W ith the rightfoote are all paulſieſ reſolued; and with the left foote all Lethargieſ ſ the VW inc whercin one ſide of a Chamalcon hath beene fteecped, ſprinkled vpponthe head, cureth the ach thereok,. If Swineſ Greaſe be mingled with the powder of theleft footce or Thigh, and a manſ foote be annoynted therewith ,it bringeth the gout,; by put— ting the Gall into fire, they driue away Serpenteſ ;and into Wiater, they draw cogcthcſ W eaſelſ, it pulleth off hayre from the body, ſo alſo doththe Liner, with the Lighteſ of of a Toade ; likewiſe the Liner diſſolueth amorouſ inchantmentſ, Meclancholy men are go cured by drinking the inyee of a Chamalcon out of a Chamalconſ ſkin. They alſo ſty; that the Intralſ and dung of thiſ beaſt waſhed in the vrine of an Ape; and hung vp at OU enemieſ gateſ, cauſeth reconciliation. W ith the taile they bring Serpenteſ aſlecpe, and ſtay the flowing of the floudſ and VW aterſ : the ſame mingled with Ceder and Myrrhec, bound to two rodſ of Palmz, flnſi & + ruck eut Kivanider, { — Of the (Cockatrice, irp frucke vpon watet, cauſeth all thingeſ thatare contained in the ſamc water t3 26 E but ldwoutlicſi \z G fO l!) ]t;hſith ſuch Magitianſ were well beaten w:c?: i{v:g:ic:stgfa{}*:?::;zz > nedong 0 3 T e Ea Slatey | Aond thaſ toacy ou he flocy of Se OF' THE COCKATRICE.ſſ © yhe? L; [| Hiſ Beaſt iſ called by the Greecianſ Bazili/ceſ, and by the . }\ Latine Reguleſ , becauſe he ſeemeth to be the King of ſer— pentſ, not for hiſ magnitude or greameſſe. For there are p,,,, Py || many Serpentſ bigger then he, aſ there be many Foure.— Secian, CB|| foored—beaſteſ bigger then the Lyon, but becauſe of hiſ ſtately pace, and magnanimiouſ mind :for hee creepeth 1 not onthe carthlike other Serpentſ, but goeth halfe vp— right, forwhich occaſion alllother Serpenteſ auoyde hiſ ſight. And it ſcemeth nature hath ordained him for that || purpoſe : for:beſide the ſtrength of hiſ poyſon which iſ yncurable, he hath a certaine combe or Corronet vppon hiſ head,aſ ſhall be ſhewed induc placeſ It iſ alſo cald Sibi/eſ , ſ we read in Jideruſ,Sihilmſ _ enimoccidit antequam mordeat vel exurat : The Cockatrice killeth beforeit burncth. The __ Hebreweſ call it perhen, and Cuzman, alſo Zaphna,and Zaphiaini. The Chalde Armeze, E __ Haymene, and allo Carmene : The Egyptianſ Yreuſ, the Germanſ Ejn E7#ſ Schlengleychc l' French yy Baſilic : The Spaniardſ and Italianſ Ba//iſce. There iſ ſome queſtion amongeſt W riterſ, about the generation of thiſ Serpent: for ſome, (and thoſe very many and learned) affirme, him to be broughc forthof a Cockeſ — go cgge. For they ſay that when a Cock groweth old, hclayeth a certaine egge withoutany fhell, in ſtead whereofit iſ coucted with a very thicke ſkinne , which iſ aþlc to withſtand the greateſt force of an eaſic blow or fall: They ſay morcouer, that thiſ Eggc iſ layd once ly in the Summer—time, about the beginning of Dogge—dayeſ, being not long aſ a Henſ Egge, but round and orbiculer : Somerimeſ of a duſty, ſometimeſ of a Boxie, iomccm\zcs of a yellowiſh muddy colour, which Egge iſ generated of the putrified ſeed of the Cocke, : and 120 Pliny. Textor., eAmcenna, e Glianuſ Solinuwſ. The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. and afterward er vpon by a Snake or a Toad; bringeth forth the Cockattice, being halfe afoorin length, the binder part likex Snake , the former patt lilſſcc a Cocke, becauſe ofa treble combe on hiſ forchead., . innfogtinglofrſ ol5f But the vulger opinion of Eutope iſ, that the Egge iſ nouriſhed by a Toad, andnot by a Snakeſ howbeit in better experience it iſ found that the Cocke doth ſit on that egge himeelfe : whereof Leainuſ Lemminuſ in hiſ twelth booke of the hidden miracleſ of nature hath thiſ diſcourſe; in the fourth chapter thereof . T here happened (faith he) within our memory in the Citty P&/224, that there were two old Cockeſ which had layd Eggeſ,& the common people (becauſe of opinion that thoſe Eggeſ would engender Cockatriceſ} laboured by all meaneſ poſſible to keepe the ſaid cockeſ from ſitting on thoſe eggeſ , but they could not with clubſ and ſtaueſ driue them from the Eggeſ , vntill they were forced to breake the eggeſ in ſunder, and ſtrangle the cockeſ . But thiſ point iſ worth inquiry, whether a cocke can concciue an Egge, and after a certaine time lay the ſame. without a ſhell . I for my part am perſwaded, that when a cocke groweth old, and ceaſeth to tread hiſ female in the ordinary courſe of nature, which iſ in the ſeuenth or ninth yeare of hiſ age, or at the moſt in the foureteenth, there iſ a cerraine concretion bred within him by the puttified heat of hiſ body, through the ſtaying of hiſ ſcede generatine, which harde— neth vnto an egge,& iſ couered with ſuch a ſhellaſ iſ ſaid already: the which eggc being nouriſhed by the cocke or ſome other beaſt, bringeth forth a yenomouſ worme , ſuch aſ are bred in the bodieſ ofmen, or aſ W aſpeſ, Horſe—flyeſ, and catterpillerſ engendered of Horſe—dung, or other putryfied humourſ of the carth : and ſo out of thiſ Egge may ſuch a venomouſ Worme proceede, aſ in proportionof body, and peſtiferouſ breath, may reſemble the AfFican cockatrice or Baſiliſke, and yet it iſ not the ſame whereofwee purpoſe here to intreat, but will acknowledge that to be one kind of cockatrice , but thiſ kind iſ gencrated like other Serpentſ of the earth, for aſ the auncient Heymeſ writeth, it iſ both falſe and impoſſible,that a cockatricc ſhould be hatched of a cockeſ Egge.Theſame writer maketh mention of a Bazeliſke ingendered in dung, whereby hee meancth the z— lixir of life, wherewithall the Alchimiſteſ conuertmettalſ. The Egyptianſ hold opinion, that theſe cockatriceſ are engendered of the Eggeſ of the Bird called 75%, and therefore they breake thoſe Eggeſ whereſocuer they finde them: 36 and for thiſ cauſe in theyr Hicroglyphickſ, when they will ſignifie a lawfull execution af— — teran vpright iudgment, & ſound inſtitution of their forefatherſ, they are wornt to make an 24/%, and a cockatrice. The countrieſ breeding or bringing forth theſe cockatriceſ, are ſayd to be theſe : Firſt Affricke, and therein the Ancient ſeat orland ofthe Turkeſ, Aybie, and all the wilderneſ of Affrica,® the countrieſ Cyremeſ. Gallen among the Phyſitionſ only ,doubteth whither there be a cockatrice or no , whoſe authority in thiſ caſe muſt not be followed , ſecing it waſ neucr giuen to mortal man to ſee & know euery thing,for beſideſ the holy ſcriptureſ wnauocidable authority,which both in the propheſic of E/ay and Jeremy,makethmention ofthe cockatrice and her Eggeſ : there be many grauc humaine Wiriterſ, whoſe a_utho- 49 rity iſ ircefragable, affirming not onely that there be cockatriceſ, but alſo that they infect the ayre, and kill with their ſight. And Adezcyria/Zaffirmeth,that when he waſ with Max— imilion the Emperoutr, hee ſaw the carkaſe of a cocatrice , reſerued in hiſ treaſury among hiſ vndoubted monumentſ. Of thiſ Serpent the Poet Georgimſ PidForimſ writcthon thiſ manner ; Rex eft ſcypentum baſiliſcuſ, quem modo vincunt Muſteleinſultuſ, ſeuagque bellafer@. Lerneum vermem baſiliſcum fedaCirene Producit cunttiſ maxime perniciem. E# naſtſ ex ono galli, ſi crederefaſ eit , Decrepiti,in fimo, ſole nitente , docent . Sedquoniam olfaCiuledit, viſaqueferarumſ Omne genuſ credaſ, nullaſ tenere bona. 39 That Of the ( ockatrice; 3 121 — 'T hat iſ to ſay ; The Bazcliſke the Serpentſ King I fimd, Yet Weaſelſ him do onercome in warre, The Cyren land him breedeſ of Lernaeſ kind, They to all other a deſtruetioi are : Andliif we may beleene that through the heat of Sunne, In old Cockeſ Egqgeſ thiſ beaſt iſ raiſed firſt, Or beaſteſ by fight or ſtmell thereof are all vndone, [" Theniſt not good, but of hiſ kind the worſt. Weedocread that in Rome, in the dayeſ of Pope Leo the fourth , there vvaſ a Cockatrice found in a Vault of a Church or Chappell, dedicated to Saint Lucea, whoſe peſtiferouſ breath hadde infeeed the Ayre round about, whereby great mortality follo— wed in Rome : but how the ſaid Cockatrice came thither it waſ nener knowne. It iſ moſt probable that it waſ created and ſent of G O D for the punniſhment of the Citty, which I do the morc caſily belecue, becauſe Segonimſ & Inliuſ Scaliger do affirme;that the ſayd peſtiferouſ beaſt waſ killed by the prayerſ ofthe ſaid Zeſ the fourth: 29 . I thinke they meane that by the authoritie of the ſayde Byſhop, all the people were mooued to gencrall faſting and prayer, and ſo Almighty G O D who waſ mooucd for cyr finneſ, to ſend ſuch a plague amongeſt them , waſ likewiſe intreated by their pray— erſ and ſuteſ , not onely to reuerſe the plague, but with the ſame hand to kill the beaſt, wherewithall it waſ created : cuen aſ once in Egyprt by the hand of Myſeſ, hee brought Graſſe—hoppetſ and Lice, ſo by the ſame hand he droue them away againe. There iſ ſome ſimall difference amongeſt the W riterſ, about the quantitry and parteſ of thiſ Serpent : which I will breefely reconcile. Firſt Aeliapwſ ſaith, that a Cockatrice iſ not paſt a ſpanne in compaſſe, that iſ aſ much aſ a man can gripe in hiſ hand. P//»y ſaith, that it iſ aſ bigge aſ twelue fingerſ. Solipmſ and 7//doruſ affirme, that it iſ but halfe a foot 30 long. Auicen ſaith, that the Arabian FZarmena, that iſ , the Cockatrice, iſ two cubitſ and a halfelong. Nvcander ſaith, Et fribuſ exten/o porrettuſ corpore palmiſ, that iſ,it iſ in length but three poImeſ. Acziw@ſlayth, that it iſ aſ bigge aſ three handfulſ ; Now for the recor— ciliation of all theſe . It iſ to bee vnderſtood, that Pliny and Aclianuſ ſpeaketh ofthe Worme that commeth out of the Coekeſ Egge, in regard of the length , butnot of the quantity, and ſo confound together that Worme and the Cockatrice . For it iſ very rea — ſonable, that ſceing the magnitude and greatneſſe of the Serpent iſ concluded to bee at the leaſt a ſpan in compaſſe, that therefore the length of it muſt needeſ bec three or foure footeatthe ſhorteſt ; elſe how could it bee ſuch a terrour to other Serpentſ, or how could go thefore part of it ariſe ſo eminently abou the earth;if the head were not lifted at tſſhc lca_fl: a foote from the ground. So then we will rake itfor grautited:; tharthiſ Serpentiſ aſ big aſ a manſ wriſt, and the length of it aunſwerable to that proportion. Itiſ likewiſe queſtionable whether the Cockatrice haue VW tmgeſ of no: for by teaſor of hiſ conceiued gentrationfrom a Cocke , many hapc dcſcnþcd him in thflC fore— part to haue Wingeſ,and in the hinder part to hane a tayle like a Serpent : Andthe coim ceit of wingeſ ſeemeth to bee deriued from Holy Scrlpturczbecmffſc: it iſ written Eſay 14: verſetwenty nine, De radice cobibij egredietur reguluſ & ſervien cinſ abſorben3 -vqlucrm-z : Thatiſ toſay, Out of the Serpentſ rooteſ ſhall comea Cockatrice, and the _ſhutc there, ofſhall bee a fiery Alying Serpent, aſ wee tranſlate it in Enghſh : but Tremff(liu.r thcctbheſt fo Interpreter,doth render the Hebrew in thiſ maner : De zadice Serpentiſ Zrodzt hamorr lm* —_ G&fructuſ illiuſ preitcr velauſ :\Thatiſto'ſay, V Vord for word, Out of EIZC roote ſſ{of the Serpent ſhall come the ZLemarzrhe, andthefiuite thereof a flying Prefer.Now we know, —that the FLemorrhe and the Preiter are two other different kindeſ o_f Scrp.cntcſſ from the Cockatrice , and therefore theſe Interpreterſ beeing the more faithfull and learned , wee will rather followe the Holy Setipmre in theyr wantlation , then the vulizlalr M t 12% Selituſ. Scaliger, dAdiantſ, T he Hiftory of Serpentſ, Latine, which iſ corrupted in very many placeſ, aſ it iſ allo Eſay.the 30. verſe ſixe . For Praffer, there iſ againe in the vulgar tranſlation the Cockatrice : and for thiſ cauſe yyce hauc not deſcribed the Cockatrice yyith wingeſ , aſ not finding ſufficient au:horicy to warrant the ſame. The eyeſ of the Cockatrice are redde , or ſomewhat inclyning to blackeneſſe, the akinne and carkaſe of thiſ beaſt hauce beene accounted preciouſ, for wee doe read that the Pergameni did buy but certaine peeceſ of a Cockatrice, and gaue for it two pound and a halfe of Syluer : and becauſe there iſ an opinion that no Byrd, Spyder, or yenomoyſ Beaſt, will indure the ſight of thiſ Serpent, they did hang vppe the ſkinne thereof ſtuffed, in the Templeſ of Apo/le and D/ana , in a certaine thinne Net made of Gold : and there. fore it iſ ſayde, thatneuer any Swallow, Spider, or other Serpent dutſt come within thoſe Templeſ : And not onely the ſkinne or theſight of the Cockatrice worketh thiſ effec®, but alſo the fleſh thereof, being rubbed vppon the paucment poſteſ or W alleſ of any Houſe. And moreouer, if Siluer bee rubbed oucr with the powder of the Cocka— triceſ ficſh, it iſ likewiſe ſayde, that it giueth it a tinGure like vnto Golde : and beſideſ theſe qualitieſ, I remember not any other in the fleſh or ſkinne of thiſ ſerpent. The hiſſing of the Cockatrice which iſ hiſ naturall voyce, iſ terrible to other ſerpentſ, and therefore aſ ſoone aſ they heare the ſame,they prepare themſelueſ to fly away,accor. tling to theſe verſeſ of Nieander ; 32 dUimſ anditoſ expectant nullaſuſurroſ, Quantuammuiſ magnaſ ſinuent animalia ſþir aſ Quando velinpaitum, vel opace dewuie ſilaa, Irrigudſue loceſ, media ſub luce dici Excandeſcenti {uccen/afuroreferuntur, Sedturpt concr/afuge dant terga retrorſum. Which may be englithed thuſ ; — When aſ the greateſtwinding Serpentſ heare, {Feeding in woedſ or paſture all abroad, Although incloſ din many ſþierſ, yet feare : 38 Or in mid—day the ſhaddoweſ neare brookeſ road,} The fearefull hiſſing of thiſ ungry beait , They runne away : aſ faſt aſ feete can lead them, Flying hiſ rage vnto [ome other reſt, Turning their backeſwhereby they do eſtape him. W'c read alſo thatmany timeſ in Affr/ca, the Muleſ fall downe dead for thirſt,or elſely dead on the ground for ſome other cauſeſ, vnto whoſe Carkaſe innumerable troupeſ of erpenteſ gather themſclueſ to feede therecuppon : but when the Bazeliſke windeth the ſayd dead body, he giueth forth hiſ voyce : at the firſt hearing whereof, allthe Serpentſ 40 hide themſelueſ in the neare adioyning ſandeſ, or elſe runne into theyr holeſ, not daring to come forch againe, vntill the Cockatrice hauc well dyned and ſatiſfied himſelfe. At which time he giveth another ſignall by hiſ voyce of hiſ departure : the come they forth, but neuer dare meddle with the temnantſ of the dead beaſt,but go away to ſeek ſomeo— ther prey.And ifit happen that any other peftiferouſ beaſt come vnto the waterſ to drink neare the place wherein the Cockattrice iſ lodged, ſo ſoone aſ it perceiueth the preſence thereof, although it be not heard nor ſeene,yet it deaparteth back againe, without drink= ing, negleCing hiſ owne nutriment, to ſaue it ſelfe from further danger : whercupon L# caneſ Gaith5 —Late ſtbi ſubmouct omne Vulguſ,Cr in vacua reguat Baſiliſeuſ krena, Which may be thuſ engliſhed ; He makeſ the valgar farrefrom him to ſtand, While Cockatrize aloneraigneſ on the [andſ ſ o Of the Cochatrice: ; So then it beeing cuident that the hiſſing of a Cockatrice iſ terrible to alt Serpenteſ; . and hiſ breath and poyſon mortall to all manner of Beaſteſ : yet hath GO D in na— murenot left thiſ vilde Serpent without an enemie ;for the W caſell and the Cockeare hiſ ryumpbant ViGorſ 5 and therefore Pliny ſayth well : FIwic tal; menitre quod ſape enedum concupinere regeſ videre, muitelayum viruſ exitio eſt, aded matur e nikil placuit eſſe ſing pari : T hat iſ to ſay, Thiſ monſter which cucn Kingeſ haue deſitred to ſee when it waſ dead, yet iſ deſtroyed by the poyſon of W eaſelſ, for ſo it hath pleaſednature that no beaſt ſhould be without hiſ match. — . The people therefore when they take W eaſellſ , after they hane found the Caueſ 39 and lodging placeſ of the Cockatriceſ , vvhich are caſily diſcerned by the vpper face of — the earth,vvhich iſ burned with theyr hotte poyſon;they put the Weaſell in yvnto her:at the ſight whereof the Cockatrice flyeth like a weakeling oucrmatched with too ſtrong anaduerſary, but the W eaſell followeth after and killeth her . Yet thiſ iſ to bee noted,. that the W caſell both before the fight and after the ſlaughter, armeth her ſelfeby eating of Rwe , or elſe ſhe would bee poyſoned with the contagiouſayre about the Cockatrice : and beſideſ thiſ W caſell, there iſ no other beaſtin the W orld, which iſ able to ſtand in contentionagainſt the Cockatrice, ſaith Lepapinſ, Againc, euen aſ a Lyon iſ aftayd of a cock, ſo iſ the Bazeliſke,for he iſ not onely afrayd at hiſ fight , but almoſt dead when hecheareth him crow ; which thing iſ notoriouſly to knowne throughout all Affrica. Andtherefore—all Travctlerſ which goe through the Deſerteſ, rake with them a Cockeſor theyr ſafe conduc againſt the poy{oin of the Baze— liſke : and thuſ the crowing of the Cocke iſ a terror to Lyonſ,& a deathto Cockatriceſy yethehimſelfe iſ afraid ofa Kite. There are certaine learned W riterſ in Sexonze ,; which affirme;that there are many kindeſ of Serpenteſ in theyr W oodſ ; whereof one iſ not vnlike to a Cockatrice : for they ſay it bach a very ſharpe head , a yellow colour , in length not excecding three Palmeſ, of a great thickenefſe , hiſ bellyſported and adorned with many white prickeſ : the backe blew, and the tayle ctooked and turned vppe; but the opening of hiſ mouth iſfarre wyder then the proportion of hiſ body may ſceme to: beare. Theſe: Serpenteſ 3o may well bee referred to Cockatriceſ : for bowſoeuer theyr poyſon'iſ not ſo Breat aſ the Bazeliſkeſ of Afr%ca; (euen aſ allother Serpenteſ of the horte Countryeſ,; arefarre more peſtiferouſ then thoſe which are bred in the cold Countrieſ : )the very Gme reaſorn perſwadeth mee , that there iſ a difference among the Cockatriceſ, and that thoſe of Saxonia taay differ in poyſon from thoſein Affrica,and yet bee true Cockatriceſ : Beſidcſ thiſ, there iſ another teaſon in Zemm/wſ, which perſwadeth the Reader they areno Cock<: atriceſ; becauſe whenithe Country—men ſet vppon them to kill them, with Clubſ; Billeſ; or Forkeſ,they receinue no hurt at all by them,ncither iſ there any apparant contagion of the Ayre:but thiſ iſ aunſwered already, that the Poyſon in the colde Countrey iſ no— thing ſo great aſ in the hot; and therefore in Saxopy they necde feare the byting, andnot o the ayreſ infcction. 39t C W Gardan relateth another ſtory of a certaine Serpent, which waſ found in the walleſ of an olde decayed Houſle in Ad//ap, the head of it (ſayth he) waſ aſ biggeaſanEgge, too bigge for the body , which in quantity and ſhape reſembled a Stellion::There vvere teeth on eyther chappe, ſuchaſare in Vipetſ..| Ithadde two Leggeſ, and thoſe very ſhort, but great., andtbcir feere: had clayveſ like a Catſ : ſo that vvhen:iv ſtood;ie. Yvisſſ like a Cocke,for it hadde a bunch on thetoppe of the head , and yc:ſſitſſ" vvanted both Fetherſand VV ingeſ:: The tayle waſ aſ long aſ the body, in the top whercofthere waſ a round bunch aſ big aſ the head of an 2#a//ap Stellian. It iſ very likely that thiſ beaſt 39 _Novw we are to intreate ofthe poyſon of thiſ ſerpent for it iſ a hot and venomouſ poiſ ſon, infecing the Ayre tound about, ſo aſ no other Creature carnillive neare him.,. for it killeth, not onely by hiſ hiſſing and by hiſ ſight, (aſ iſ ſayd.of the Gorgonſ,) but alo by hiſ touching , both immediately. and miediately , that iſ to ſay 5 not onely vvhen ſ M 26 w:; aman \ | "_ .3 8 . A 124 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. 2 mantoucheth the body it ſelfe, but alſo by touching a W eapon wherewith the bod waſ {layne, or any other dead beaſtſlaine by it, and there iſ a common fame , that 3 Horſe—man taking a Speare in hiſ hand, which had beene thruſt through a Cockatrice, did notonely draw the poyſon ofit into hiſ owne body and ſo dyed, but alſokilled hiſ Horſe thereby. Zwcen writeth ; Quid prodeſt miſcri Baſiliſcuſ cuſpide Mawri Tran/alEuſ? velox currit per tela venenum, Innadit manumguc equumgue. In Engliſh thuſ ; 1o — What had the Moore to kill The Cockatrice with ſpeare, Sith the ſwift poyſon him did ſþill, And horſethat did him beare. T he queſtion iſ in what part of thiſ Serpent the poyſon doth lyc ; Some ſay in the headalone, and that therefore the Bazeliſke iſ deafe, bycauſe the Ayre which ſeructh Penuettueſ the Organe of hearing , iſ reſolued by the intenſiue calidity : but thiſ ſeemethnot to bee true , that the poyſon ſhoulde bee in the head onely , becauſſ it killeth by the 16 fume, of the whole body , and beſideſ when it iſ dead itkilleth by onely touching it, and the Main or Beaſt ſo ſlayne, doth alſo by touching kill another : Some agayne ſay, that the poyſon iſ in the breaſt, and that therefore it breatheth at the ſideſ , and at many other placeſ of the body, through and betwixt the ſcaleſ ; which iſ alſo true , that it doth ſo breath : for otherwiſe the burning fume that proceedeth from thiſ poyſonfull beaſt, would burne vppe the Intralſ thereof, if it came out of the ordinary place ; and therefore Almighty G O D hath ſo ordained, that itſhould hane ſpitramentſ and breax thing placeſ in euery part of the body, to vent away the heate, leaſt that in very ſhort time, by the iucluſion thereof , the whole compage and iun&ure of the body ſhould be vtterly diſſolued, and ſeparated one part from another. & 36 Butto omit inquity in what part of hiſ body the poyſon lyeth, (ceing it iſ moſt mani— feſt that it iſ yniuerſall, we willleaue the ſeate thereof,and diſpute of the inſtrumentſ aind effecteſ. Firſt:of all therefore it killeth hiſ owne kinde, by ſight, hearing, and touching. By hiſ ownekinde , I mcane other Serpenteſ, and not other Cockatticeſ , for they canliue one beſideanother, for if it were true (which I doe not belecue)y that the Atabian H— maene wereany other Serpent then a Cockatrice , the very ſime reaſon that Ardaynum gineth of the fellowſhippe of theſe two Serpentſ together, (becauſe of the ſimilitudeſof theirnatureſ) may very vyell prooucthat no diverſ kindeſ cantine ſo well together, in ſafery without harming one or other, aſ doe one and the ſame kind together. Andithere— 46 forethere iſ more agreement in nature betwixt a Cockatrice Aida Cockatriee, then a Cockatriceand Z4rmene , and it iſ more likely that a Cockatrice dooth notRill a Cocka® trice, thenm that a Cockattice doth not kill an Zaymeze : And againe, Cockatriceſ arein— gendered by Eggeſ, according to the Holy Scripture ; and therefore one ofthemkilleth not another by touching , hiſſing, or ſecing, becauſe one of them hatcheth'another. But it iſ aqueſtion whether the Cockatrice dye by the ſight of himſelfe: ſomehaue affirned ſomuch, but I dare not ſubſcribe therevato, becauſe in reaſon itiſ vnpoſſible, thatany thing ſhould hurt it ſelfe, that hurteth not anocher of hiſ owne/kinde, yetif in the ſecret ofnature G O D haue ordayned ſuch a thing , I will not ſttineagainſt them that E22 ſhew it. a And therefore I cannot without laughing remember'the \olde Wiveſ taleſ of the Vulgar Cockatriceſ that hauc bin in England ; for T haue oftentimeſ heardit related confidently; that once our Nation waſ full of Cockatriceſ, and that a cerraineman did deſtroy them by going vppe and downe in Glaſſe , whereby their owne ſhapeſ wt;rZt ſ%- cote 59 Of the (ockatrice. 125 fle&ed vpon their owne faceſ; and ſo they dyed. But thiſ fable iſ not w cfuting it iſ more likely that the manſhould firſt lſimu)'c dyed by chse CELAZJÞSZE\ZBZÞZ ctg[ffid -f%(z): (I:o\?fflmcc, then the Eo{ikALſiSc lto dil;: by the refled&ion ofhiiſ owne ſimi]itugc from ;h: afſe, exceptivean be ſhewed that the poyſon in , ?Nhfiſ'cjn the Euan did breathe. [hioi o fayt could Poletieb grguliſ Fult Among allliting creatureſ, there iſ none that pertiſhethſooner th a man by the poyſon of a Cockatrice, for with hiſ fighthe kIi)Llcrh him , bccautſ};ctlſis Zzgtlnſic;r:; tÞ; C_ockacr\cc; cyeſ, doe corrupt the viſible ſpirit of a man, which viſible ſpifit cormupted all the other ſpiritſ comming from the braine andlife ofthe hart , are thereby cormupted " & to ſo the man dyeth : cucn aſ women in their monthly courſeſ docivitiat thcYik;Ldoking.gifiſ— _ £eſ, or aſ a W olfe ſuddainly mecting a man;raketh from hiim hiſ voyce, or at theleaſt wiſe maketh him hoarſe. 5 & ; iert To conclude, thiſ poyſon infeecteth the ayte; and the ſſayrcſi) infeected killethoall living thingſ, and likewile all greene thingſ, fruiteſ, and plantſ ofthcearth : it burneth vp the grafle where—vppon it gocth or crecpeth, & the fowleſ of the ayre falldowneldead when they come neere hiſ denne or lodging. Some—timmeſ heebyteth a man ora beaſt, and by that wound the blood turncth intochollet, and ſo the whole body becommeth yellowaſ gold} preſently killing all that touchit, or conie neere it. The ſympromeſ are thuſ deſeriſ bed by Adcander, with whoſe wordſ I will conclude thiſ Hiſtoric of the Cockaitice, wile —_ 30 ting aſ followeth : o ad yiou hourſ Qnodferit hit, multo corpuſ ſuccenditurigne, A membriſ reſoluta ſtiſ caro defluit, & fot LuridaCr obſcuro nigreſcit epaca colore. t Nuilectiam volucreſ quafada cadanera paſcunt, Sic occiſum hominem tangunt, vt vnliur; dromneſ: Huic ſimileſ alia, plunia quogne nunciuſ aura — at Corunſ, nec quacunþ, fera per dewuia luitra 12 Degunt & tali capiunt ſ1i tabula cayrne. 38 Twum teter vacuaſ oder hinc exhalat in auraſ, Atquepropinguanteſ penetrant honſegniter artHſ? Sin cogente fame ventenſ aproximet aleſ — Triſtiafatarefert, certamd, ex atre mortem. W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; ! o When he doth ſtrike,the body huret iſ ſet onfire, And from the memberſ falleth off the fleſb, withall, It rotten iſ , and in the colowr blacke aſ any myjre. © Refuſ d of carrion—feeding—birdſ both great and ſimall Are all men ſo deſtroyed. NoVulture or Bitter fierce, Or weather—telling—Crow, or deſertſ wildeſt beaſt, © Which line in denneſ ſ[uſtaining greateſifamineſforce, But at their tableſ doe thiſ fle]% deteſt. Then iſ the ayre repleate with'ſ loth/ſome ſmell, Picrcing vitall partſ of them approaching neerey And if a bird it taſt to fill hiſ bunger fell, It dyeſ affured death,none neede it feare, $) go 26 | | ſſZctſiZzthſtor)ſi/ of Serpentſ. OF THE CORDYLL. | Lthough I finde ſome difference about the nature of thiſ Jy. uing creature, and namely whether it bee a Serpent or a Fiſhc, yet becauſe the greater and berter part makeit a Serpent, J will alſo bringit in hiſ due order in thiſ place—for a "yeno. mouſ beaſt . JGeſwer iſ of opinion, that it iſ no other but a L.;. zard of the Weater, but thiſ cannont agree with the deſcripui— 8 NW |[Lon of Ariztotle & Belleniuſ , who affirme the Cordill to haue — [| ZZ SSNCA }| Gilleſ like a Fiſh, and theſeare not found in any Lizard , 'The 3o AGrzecianſ call thiſ Serpeot Rordule, and Korduleſ, whereof the Latineſ deriucor rather borrow their Cordulwſ , and Cordyla.Numeniuſ maketh thiſ akind of Salamander which »the ApotHecaryeſ do in many Counttyeſ falſely ſell for the Scine#ſ or Corcodile of the Earth,and yet inexceederth the quantity of a Salamander,being much lefſe then the cro— codile of theearth, hauing gilſ, and wanting fin_s ontherfideſ,alſo a ]911g taile,and accor. —ding to the proportion of the body, likea Squirrelſ, a!chough nothing ſo big, vvithout »fcabſ: theback being bald and ſomewhatblack,& homb_lc rough ,thorow ſomebuncheſ —growingtherupon, which being preſſed do yeald a certain humor like milk, which being Jayd to the Noſthrilſ doth ſimell like poyſon, euen aſ it iſ in a Salamander. T he beakeor ſhnout iſ very blunt or dull, yet armed with very ſharp teeth. Th_c claweſ of hiſ forclegges are diuided into foure, and on hiſ hindcr_!cggcs into fiuc.: there iſ alſo a certaine fleſhy fin growing allalong from the crowne of h}s head , vnto hiſ Faylc vppon the backe, which when he ſwimmeth hee ereGeth, &by it iſ hiſ body ſuſtained in the water from ſinking, for hiſ body iſ mooued with crooked winding, euen aſ an Ecle or a Lapzpr c7. The inward partſ of thiſ Serpentare alſo thuſ deſcribed. The tongue iſ ſoft and ſpun. By , like aſ iſ the tongue of a Wiater—Frogge, wherewith aſ it were with Glew, hedraw. eth to hiſ mouth, boch Lecheſand Wormeſ of the earthy whereupon it feedeth . At the roote of hiſ tongue there iſa certaine bunch of fleſh, which aſ I thinke ſupplieth the place. ofthe lighteſ, for when it breathech, that part iſ eſpecially mooued, and it panteth too & fro, ſo that thereby I gatherycitherithath the Lightſ in thar place, r elſe in ſome other 3% placeneere the iaweſ. It wanteth ribſ aſ doth the Salamander,and it hath certain boneſ in the backe, but not like the ordinaty back—bone of other ſuch Serpentſ. T he heart iſ al— ſo all ſpungy, & cleaucthrothe rightſide, not to the left : the left eare whereof ſupplyeth the place of the Pericadinum. The Imer iſ very blacke, and ſomewhat clovuen at the bending or ſloape ſidc : themelt ſomewhat red, cleauing to the very bottome of the venttricle . The reyneſ are alſo very ſpungy, ioyned almoſtto the Leggeſ, in which partſ itiſ moſt fleſhy, but in other placeſ eſpecially in the belly and breaſt ; itiſ all Skinneand bone . Italſobeareth Eggeſ in her place of conception, which iſ forked or double, which arethere diſpoſed in order, aſ in o— ther liuing griſtly creatureſ. Thoſe Eggeſ are nouriſhed with a kinde ofred fatte, out of 43 which in due time come the young oneſ aliue, in aſ great plemty\and number aſ the S2— lamanderſ. And theſe thingeſ are reported by Be/@e#/wſ, befideſ whom I finde nothing more ſaid, that iſ worthy to be related of thiſ Serpentyand tharefore I will here conclude the Hiſtory thereof. . . — — 1 OF THE GROCODILE. Ecauſe there be many kindſ of Crogodileſ, it iſ no maruaile al-' though ſome haue taken the word C7ocodileſ for the Gemmſ, and the ſeucrall gpecieſ, they diſtinguiſh into the Crocodile of the 3o Earch and the water. Ofthe earch are ſub—diuided into the Cro— codileſ of Breſilia, and the Scincnuſ : the Crocodileſ of the water into thiſ here deſcribed, which iſ the vulgarone, and that of AF luſ, of all which we ſhall entreat in order , one ſucceſſiuely follo— S| wing another. But I will not contend about the Gegſſ or SfecifsE & 0 aſ & Of the Crocodile. ay ofthiſ word, for my purpoſe iſ : . to open their ſeuerall natureſ, ſo far aſ I hauelearned, where; jn the workſ of almighty God may be knowne,and will leaue the ſtrife of wordeſ to them that ſpend, their witteſ about tearmeſ & ſillableſ only; Thuſ much I find,chat the auncientſ 10 had three generall tearmeſ for all Egge—breeding Serpenteſ; Namely, R4m4, Teſtudo,Lacer— 38 And therefore I may for— bear to intreatelof Cracodiluſ aſ a Genuſ& handle it aſ a ſpecieſ, orparticular kinde . The Heſ breuſ hauecmany wordſ which they vſie for a C rocodile. KXoah Leuit. 11. which the Arabianſ 20 render Hardun, and the Perfi= adſ Sexga, which word com: meth neere the Latine worde Scintuſ for a Crocodile of the earth,and yet that word Xoxh by Saint Zexom and the Sepru— agintſ iſtranſlated a Chama— leon. 13 In the Gime place of Lew/t/— cuſthe word Zab iſ interpreted 30 akindeof Crocodile : where— withall Duwid KRimbi confoun— dethGereſchint, and Rabbi Sa— lomen , Faget . The Chaldeſ tranſlate it Z4b4. The Perſianſ A4n Raſw . The Septuagintſ a Crocedile of the earth, butit iſ better to follow Saint H/ezomſ in the ſame, becauſe the Text addethaccording to hiſ kinde; 4o whereforcit iſ ſuperfluouſ to _ adde the diſtinGion of the ctro— codile of the Earth , except it werelawful to catethe Crocoſ: dileſ of the water: In Exod.8. there iſ a Fiſh called Zephardeſ , whichcom— meth out of the waterſ and ea— teth men, thiſ cannot agree to E } EE DM E IR i ſ any Fiſh in Ailyſ , ſaue onely the Crocodile ; and therefore thiſ word iſ by the Arabianſ 30 rendered AZ Timaſch.Some do hereby vnderſtand pagulera,Grenelerſ,& Bamcþa'z,th_at 1ſ great frogſ. Aluka by moſt ofthe Teweſ vnderſtand a Horſleach,Pro30» Thehead of thiſ beaſt iſ very broade, and hiſ ſnoute like a Swyneſ. When heecateth or byteth, he neucr moouech hiſ neather or vnder chappe. W hercof Ari#fo#le gineth thiſ reaſon, that ſeeing Nature hath given him ſo ſhortfeete,"iſ that they are not ableto hold or to takethe prey,; therefore the mouth iſ framed in ſtead of feete, fo aſ it may more ve— hemently ſtrike and wound, and alſo more ſpeedily mooue and turne after the prey!; and thiſ iſ better done by the vpper then the nether chappe. But it iſ likely that hee waſ decei— ued, forhe ſpeaketh of Czrocediluſ Marinuſ, a Crocodile of the Sea': vvhereaſ there iſ no Crocodile of the Sea;butrather ſorme other monſter like a Crocodile in the ſea, and ſtch peraduenture A/berzuſ:ſaw, and there—vpon inconſideratly affirmed , that all Crocodileſ mouc theyr vnder—chappſ, except the Tewcheſa. But the learned Veſſalinſ proovteth it to be 40 otherwiſe, becauſe that the nether chappe iſ ſo conioyned and faſtned to the boneſ of the templeſ, that it iſ not poſſible for to bemoued. And therfore the Crocodile onely among all other living creatareſ, moueth the vpper—chapy and holdeth the! vnder—chap vamouc. able. i batv } e t Theſecond wonderynto thiſ}iſ that the Crocodile hath no tongue,nor ſoiuch aſ a— — nylappearanceof a tongue. But thenthe queſtion iſ , how it commeth to diſtinguiſh the ſapoutſ and taſt ofhiameate. Where—vato AriP%atle aunſwereth; _thac thiſ ſſ(;rocczdllc iſ ſuch araduenitig Beaſt) thathiſ meatretarrieth notin hiſ mouth, but iſ earryed into þls ſto— mackejlikeaſ other water—beaſtſ, and therefore they diſcerne ſaportſ , andrelſifty theyr meatemore ſpeedily theother ; for the water or humout falleth ſo faſt into their moutheſ, 50 that theyicannor ſtanddong vppon the taſt ordiſtaſteof their meate: But yet ſome—make queſtiomofthiſ, and they aunſwere tharmoſt men are deceined heerein , for Wþſics tizcy looke fot hiſ tongue ypon hiſ nct_her-ſſchap, aſitiſin alt oghcr beaſtſ, and find ſſon'cz they concludehim to wantthat part: but they ſhould con'ſidc':r,that the tongue c_lcau'c?m to chſc: moncable part; and aſ in ocher beaftſ the nether—chap iſ the ſeate of the tongiuc, becauſe of themotion ; ſo in thiſ the tongue cleaucth to the vpper.chappe, þccauſc thatit iſ mc;)ciz- AQDLC» ((elinſ Rbe: Herodotuſ Pliny. Solinuſ, Mar celinmſ, Albertuſ. Herodoruſ. \| 8 __ 133 P.Martyr eAlignnſ Herodotuſ Pliny.: IT he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. able, and yet not viſible aſ in other, and therefore iſ very hardly diſcerned. For all thiſ, y rather conclude with the former Authourſ, that ſeeing it lineth both in the waterſ and on the land, and therefore it reſembleth a fiſh and a beaſt, aſ it reſembleth a beaſt, /oru» oby;. net lingua, it hath a place for a tongue,butaſ it reſembleth a fiſh, Elingniſ e#, it iſ without a tongue. It hath great teeth ſtanding out, all of them ſtand out before viſibly when the mouth iſ ſhut, and fewer behind. And whecreaſ Ar//for/e writeth , that there iſ noliuing creature which hach bothdepteſ prominenteſ, & ſerrateſ, that iſ, ſtanding out, and deui. ded like a aw ,yet the. Crocodile hath both. Theſetceth are white,long,ſharpe; & a lirtle crooked and hollow, their quantity well reſembling thereſidue of the proportion of the body : and ſomec ſay, that a crocodile hath three roweſ of tecth, like the Lion of Chinſ, & like the W hale, but thiſ iſ not an approoued opinion , becauſe they haue no more then 6o.tcethſThey hauealſo 60.ioyntſ or boneſ in the back, which are alſo tied together with ſo many netucſ. The opening of hiſ moruth reacheth to the place of k}is eareſ,and there be fome Crocodileſ in Gamgeſ whichhaue akind oflititle horne vpo their noſeſ or ſnout. T he melt iſ very ſmall, & thiſ ſome Gy iſ onely in them that bring forch eggeſ, their ſtoneſ are inward & cleaue to their loyneſ. T he taile iſ of the ſame length that the whole body hath, and the ſame iſ alſo rough & armed with hard ſkin vpon the vpper part & theſideſ, but beneath it iſ ſmooth & tender. It hath finneſ vp6 the tayle,by the benefit wherofit ſwim— meth, aſ alſo by the help ofthe feete. The feet are like a Beareſ, except that they are couc. red with ſcaleſ in ſtead of haire ; their naileſ are very ſharp & ſtrong, for if it had a thumbe aſ well aſ it hath feet,the ſtrength thereof would oucr—turne a ſbip. Itiſ doubful whether it bath any place ofexcrement exceptthe mouth : And thuſ much for the ſeuerall partſ of the Crocodile. i The knowledge alſo of the naturall aGionſ & inclinationſ of Crocodileſ iſ requiſite to bc handled inthe next place,becauſe that aGionſ folow the memberſ aſ ſoundſ do inſtru. mentſ: Firſt therfore;although Azj/Zarle for the moſt part ſpcaking of a Crocodile,calleth it aquatiliſ &y fluniatiliſ, yet it iſ not to confine it to the waterſ Serivierſ;aſ thoughitneuer came out of the like fiſheſ,but onely to note that particuler kind which differeth ra them ofthe carth, for it iſ certaine that it lineth in both elementſ,namely carth & watet : & for aſ S the timc that it abideth inthe water, italſo taketh ayrey& notthe humour or moiſtncſ of 30 the water, yet can they not want cither humor of the water or reſpiration of the ayre : and for the day time it abideth on the land, & in the night in the water, becauſe in the day, the earth iſ hoter then the water,& in thenight,che water warmer then the carth :& while it lineth on the land,it iſ ſo delighted with theſun—ſhine, & lieth therein ſo immoucable,that a man would take it to be ſtark dead.The eyeſ of a Crocodile (aſ we haue ſaid) are dull & blind in the water,yer they appeare bright to otherſ, for thiſ cauſe, whe the Egyptianſ wil ſignifie the ſun—=riſing, they piQure a Crocodile in the water looking vpward to the earth; & when they will ſignific the weſt,chey pi&ure a Crocodilediuing into the water, and ſo for the moſt part the crocodile lycth vpon the bankſ, that he may either dine—into the wa— aer with ſpeed ,or aſcend to the earth to take hiſ prey: By:—teaſon of the ſhortneſ of hiſ feet, hiſ pace iſ vety ſlow, i& therefore it iſ notonly ea— fie to eſcapefrom him by flight, but alſo.if a man .do but turne aſide & wind out ofthe di> reft way ,hiſ body iſ ſo vnable to bend it ſelfe,that hee can neither wind nor turne afterit. Whe they go vnder the carth into their caueſ, like to allotherfourc—footed &eggebtec— ding ſerpentſ;aſ namely Lizardſ,Stellionſ,& Torteiſeſcthey haveall theirlegſ ioyned to their ſideſ, which are ſoretorted aſ they may bend to either ſide,for the neceſſity ofcouc— ring their eggeſ, but when they areabroad,and goc bearing vp/all their bodieſ, then they bend only outward,making their thigheſ more viſible. It iſ ſoin—what queſtionable,whe— ther they lyc hid within their caueſ 4.. monthſ or 60,'daieſ, forſome Authorſ affirme one thing,& ſome another, but the reaſon of the difference iſ taken fromthc condition of the cold weather,for which cauſe they lyc hid in the winter—time. Now foraſimuchaſ the win— ter in Egypt iſ not vſually aboucfouremonthſ, therforeit iſ taken that they lyc but foure monthſ, but ifit be by accider of cold wether prolonged longer; the for the ſame cauſe the crocodile iſ the longer time in the carth. During the time they lychid, they cate nothing» but ſleepe (aſ it iſ thought) immoucably,% when they.come out againe, they do not caſt their ſkinneſ aſ other Serpentſ doc. . — The 40 59 Of the (Corcodileſ ; The tayle of a Crocodile iſ hiſ ſtrongeſt part; and they neuer kill any beaſt or man.Biit firſt of all they ſtrike hin} downe and aſtoniF;h him with cZcir taileſ, anz for thiſ c:lu*ſiſſc,,kcjlrlxſict Egyprianſ by a Crocodileſ tayle doe ſignifie death & darkneſ They devuoure both men and beaſtſ if they find them in theyr way, or neere the bankeſ of ANiluſ, wherein they a— Oren, bide, taking ſometimeſ a calfe from the cow hiſ damme, and carrying it whole into the waterſ. And it appeareth by the portraiture of Nealceſ, that a Crocodile drew in an Aſſe into AÞ/#ſ aſ he waſ drinking, and therefore the doggeſ of Egypt by a kind of naturall in. ſtin&, do not drinke but aſ they runne, for feare of the Crocodileſ wherevpon came the K*;{ucrbc, Vt caniſ & Nilo bibit &> fugit, aſ a. dogge at one tinie drinketh and runneth by 10 Niluſ. W hen they deſfite fiſheſ, they put their headſ out of the water ſ it were to ſlecpe, and then ſuddenly when they eſpy a booty, they leapeinto the waterſ vppon them and take them. After that they haue caten and are ſatiſfied, then they turne to the land againe; and aſ they lye gaping vpon the carth, the little bird Trochileſ maketh cleane their tecth,and iſ ſatiſfied by the remainderſ of the fleſh ſticking vppon them: It iſ alſo affirmed by Arnol— duſ, that it iſ fedde with mud, but the holy Crocodile in the Prouince of Arſinoe, iſ fedde Strabo, with bread, fleſh, wine, ſweet and hard, ſodde fleſh and cakeſ, and ſuch like thingeſ aſ the poore people bring ynto it when they come to ſee itſ V Vhen theEgyptianſ will write a Cr#t man cating or at dinner, they paynt a Crocodile gaping: 20 They are exceeding fruitefull and prolificall, and therfore alſo in Hicroglyphickſ they are made to ſignific fruitfulneſ. They bring forth euery yeere, and lay their eggeſ in the earth or dry land. For during the ſpace of threc—ſcore dayeſ they lay cucty day an egge, 8 within the like ſpace they are hatched into young eneſ, by ſitting or lying vpon them by courſe, the male one while, & the female another. Thc time of their harching iſ in a mo* <—4,<<,;4, derate and temperate time, otherwiſe they perriſh and come to nothing, for extremity of So/pg, . hecate ſpoyleth the egge, aſ the budſ of ſome treeſ are burned and ſcorched off by the like occaſion, The egge iſ not much greater then the egge of a Gooſe, and the young one otlt of the ſhell iſ of the ſame proportion. And ſo from ſuch a ſmall beginning doth thiſ huge and monſtrouſ Serpent grow to hiſ great ſtature; the reaſon whereof (ſaith Ayri/torle) iſ, 30 becauſe it groweth all hiſ life long, cucn to the length of ten ot moc cubitſ. When ithath layd the eggeſ,it carryeth them to the place where they fhall be harched , for by a naturall prouidence and fore—ſight;it auoydeth the waterſ of Niluſ, and therefore cucr layethher eggeſ beyond the compaſſe of her floodſ : by obſcruation whereof, the people of Egyri' know cucry yeere the inundation of Niluſ before it happen. And in the meaſure of thiſ place it iſ apparent, that thiſ beaſt iſ not inducd onely with a ſpirit ofreaſon,butalſowith Phirarchſ afatidicall or propheticall geographicall delineation, for ſo ſhce placeth hereggeſ in the brimime or banke of the flood (before the flood commeth) that the water may coucr the neſt, but not herſelfe thatſitteth vpon the eggeſ. And the like to thiſ iſ the building of the Beatter, aſ we hauc ſhewed in due place before in the Hiſtory of Foure—footed beaſteſ..: 4o So ſoone aſ the young oneſ are hatched, they inſtantly fall into the depth of the vva— tet, but if they meete with frogge, ſuayle, or any other ſuch thing fit for theirmeate, they doe preſently teare it in peeceſ, the damme byteth it with hermouth ;aſ it were puniſhing the puſillanimity thereof, but if it hunr greater thingſ; and be greedy, rauening; induſtri— ouſand bloody, that ſhe maketh much of, and killing the other,noutiſhcth and tendereth thiſ aboue meaſure : after the example ofthe wiſeſt men, who_ loue their ctcſihlldr& iniudge<, ment, fore—(ceing theit induſtriouſ inclination, and not in affeCtion ,: without rcgardſſ of worth,vertue, ormerritſ It iſ aid by Phileſ, that after the egge iſ layd by the Crocodile, many timeſ there iſ a ctuell ſtinging Scorpion which commeth out thereof ; and woun— deth thie Crocodile that layde it. T'o conclude, they never proſper bucnccm the waterſ; fo and they line threeſcore yeereſ, or the age of amanſ lifeſ | at The nature of thiſ beaſt iſ to be fearefull, rauening, malitiouſ, and trecherouſ ink get— ting of hiſ prey; theſubtiltie of whoſe ſpitit, iſ by ſol_nc arcributcd to the thglmeſſq of hiſ blood, and by other to the hardneſ of hiſ ſkin and hide . How it dealeth with her young oneſ; we hauc ſhewed already ;,aſ it were trying their nature whether they will degenerate Of no, and the like thingſ are reported ofthe Aſpeſ, Cancerſ,& Tortcyſeſ of. Egyp}rſſ:.'ſ E | | o N Solinuſ; 132 The Hiftory of Serpentſ. From hence came the concecit of Pieraſ Crocodi!i, the pietic of the Crocodile: Buit aſ we hauc ſaid, it iſ a fearefull Serpent,abhorring all manner of noyſe, eſpecially from the ſtrai., ned voyce of a man, and where hee findeth himſelfe valiantly aſſaulted , there alſo hee iſ diſcouraged, and therefore Murce//izwuſ ſaith of him,Andax Monitrum fugacibuſ,at vhi an— dacem ſenſerit timidiſiimum : An audaciouſ Monſter to them that runne away, butmoſt fearcfull where he findeth reſiſtance. Some baue written,that the Crocodile runneth away from a man if he winke with hiſ left eye, and looke ſtedfaſtly vppon him with hiſ right eye, but if thiſ bece true, itiſ not to Pet: (Mar: be amct-ibuted to the vertuc.of theright eye, but onely to the rareneſſe of ſight , vvhich iſ conſpicuouſ to the Serpent from one eye. The greateſt terrour vato Crocodileſ, aſ both Seneca and Pliny affirme, are the inhabitantſ of the Ile Tepeyruſ within N#@ſ, for thoſe eople make them runne away with their voyeeſ; and many timeſ purſue and take them in ſnareſ. Of theſe people ſpeaketh Solinuſ in thiſ manner, There iſ a generation of men in the Ile Tep»y7ruſ within the waterſ of Agluſ, which are of a moſt aducrſe nature to the Crocodile;dwelling alſo in the fame place. Andalthough their perſonſ or preſence be of ſmallſtature, yer heerein iſ theyt courage admired, becauſe at the ſuddaineſight of a Cro— cadile they are nd whit daunted : for one of theſe dare meete and proucke him to runne away. They willalſo leape into the Riverſ and ſwimme after the Crocodile, and meeting with it, without feare caſt themſclueſ vppon the Beaſtſ backe, ryding on hiim aſ vppon a horſe»ſ And if the Beaſt lift vppc hiſ head to bytchim, when hee gapeth they put into hiſ 29 mouth a wedge, holding it hard at both endſ with both their handſ, & {o aſ it were with a bridle, leade, or rather drine them captiveſ to the Land , vyhere with theyr noyſe they ſo terrificthem, that they make them caſt vppe the bodieſ which they had ſwallowed into theyr bellicſ : & becauſe of thiſ antypathy in nature, the Crocodileſ dare not come neere to thiſ Iland. The like thing wee haue before in our generall diſcourſe of Serpentſ, ſhewed to be in the Jadian pſi/liagainſt the greateſt Serpentſ. And Szrabo alſo hath recorded,that at what time crocodileſ were brought to Rome,theſe Temzyriteſ folowed & drouce the. For whom there waſ a ccrtaine great poole or fiſh—pond affigned and walled about , except one pat ſage for the Beaſt to come out ofthe water into the ſun—ſhine : and when the peoplecame 3@ to ſeethem,theſe ZTewzyriteſ with netteſ would draw them to the Land,& put them backe againe into the water at theyr owne pleaſure. For they ſo hooke them by theyr cyeſ, and bottome of theyr bellyeſ, which are their tendereſt parteſ , that like aſ horſeſ broken by theyrRiderſ; they yeelde vnto them , and forget theyr ſtrength in the preſence of theſe — theyr Congueroutſ. Peter Martyr inhiſ third booke of hiſ Babjlopian Legation, ſaith , that from the Cittie Cair to the Sea, the Crocodileſ are not ſo hurtfulland violent aſ they are vp theRiver Ni— liſ into the Land, andagainſt the ſtreame. For aſ you goe further vp the River, neere the mountanie and hillyplaceſ, ſoſhall youfind them more fierce, bloody, and vnreſiſtable, whereofthe— inhabitantſ gaue him many reaſonſ. Firſt, becauſe that part of the Riuer 40 which iſ betwixt the Citty Ga/r and the Sea, iſ very full of all ſortſ of fiſheſ, whereby the beaſtſ are ſo filled withdcuouring of them, that they liſt not come out of the wateron the Land to huntaftermenor cattell, and therefore they are the leſſe hurtfull , forcuen the Lyon and W olfedoc ceaſe to kill & devoure when theyr bellyeſ are full. But ſometimeſ the Crocodileſ bencath the River, follow the galeſ or troupeſ of fiſh vp the Kiver , like ſo many Fiſher—men, and then the Country Fiſher—men incloſe them in Netreſ, and ſo de— ſtroy them. Forthere iſ a very great reward propoſed by the Law of the Country,to him thatkilleth a Crocodile of any greatquantitie ; and therefore they grow not grcac,aud by reaſon of their ſmalneſ are leſſeaduenturouſ. For ſoſoonc aſ a great Crocodile iſ diſco— uered, there iſ ſuch watch and care taken to intertupt and kill him for hope ofthe reward, 59 that he cannotlong eſcapealive. Thirdly, the Crocodileſ vp the Riner, towardſ the Mountaineſ, aremore hurtfull; be— cauſe they are preſſed withmore hunger and famine, and more ſildome come within the terxour of men, wherefore they forſake the waterſ, and run vp and downe to ſeeke preyeſ to ſatiſfic their hunger, which when they meer withall, they devoure with an vnrcſ:lfl?_blc efire» amt G Of the Crocodile. defire, forced and preſſed forward by Bringer, which breaketh ſtone wallſ. But moſt com— monly when the River 2/wſ iſ loweſt, and ſunck downe into the channell, then the Cro. codileſ in the waterſ doe growemoſt hungry , becauſe the fiſh are gone adway with the floodſ ; and then the ſubtile beaſt will heale and coner himſelfe ouct with ſand or mudde, and ſo lyc in the banke of theRiner, where hee knoweth the women come to fetch water; or the cattell to drinke, and when he eſpiethhiſ aduantage, he ſhddaincly taketh the vvoi man by the hand that ſhe taketh yvp water withall, and draweth her into the Riner, where he teareth her in peeceſ and cateth her. In like ſort dealeth he with Oxen, Coweſ, Aſſeſ; and other catt;ll. If hunger force him to the Land,and he meete with a Cammcll,,horſc: yo Aſſe, or ſigch like beaſt, then with the force and bloweſ of hiſ tayle he breaketh hiſ leggeſ, and ſo laying hitn flat on the carth, killeth and eateth him : for ſo great iſ the ſtrength of a Crocodileſtayle,that it hath beene ſeene that one ſtroke thereof Kath broken all the foure leggeſ of a beaſt at one blow: : ! piftſ i a There iſ alſo another pertill by Crocodileſ, for it iſ ſaide that when N#wſ falleth, and the water waxeth low, the Barkeſ thorough want of wind , are faine by the Marrinerſ to to be rugged vp the ſtreame with long lyneſ and cordeſ : the ſubule Crocodile ſeeing the ſame, doth ſuddainely with hiſ tayle ſmite the fam line with ſuch force , that eyther hee breaketh it, or by hiſ forcible violence tumbleth the Marziner downe into the yyater; whom he iſ ready to receiue with open mouth before he can recouer. Yea many timeſ by 20 meaneſ thereof the Barke it ſelfe ſo tortereth and reeleth , that the violent beaſt taketh a man out of it, or elſe cleane over—turneth it, to the deſtru&ion of all that are in it{ | Aclianuſ Caith, that among the O@bi##2 which are in Arſ/@mee, the Crocodileſ are harine. lefle, and hauing ſenerall namecſ when they are called, doe put their headſ out ofthe vva— ter and take meate gently, which meate iſ the head and garbage of ſuch ſacrificeſ aſ are brought thether. But in another place hee writeth, that among the Ombitz2 or C. optite, it iſ pot ſafe for a man to fetch water from the Riner; or to waſh theyr feete , or walke on the Riverſ ſide, but with great caution and warineſ. For euen thoſe beaſteſ which are moſt kindly vſed by men, doc rage againſt their BenefaGourſ , aſ namely the Crocodile, the Ihneumon, the VV ildicatſ, and ſuch like. And yet PJyzarch in hiſ booke Pera anizalium, 30 faith, that the Ptieſteſ, by the cuſtome of meare—giving, haue made ſome of them ſo tame, that they will ſuffer theyr moutheſ and teeth to be clenſed by then. And it iſ further ſaid, 4 — ,» » that duting the ſeatien Ceremoniall dayeſ of the nativity of 42#, there iſ none of thethat Eat fheweth any wilde tricke or cruell part, but aſ it were by compact betwixt them and the Pricſteſ, they lay aſide all cruelty and rage during that time. . 1 And therefore Cicero writeth moſt excellently , ſaying ; Egyptiorum morem quiſ igno= ret ? quorumimbutea menteſ prauitatum erroribuſ , quamviſ carnificinam potiuſ [ibjerint, quam ibim, ant aſpidem, aut crotodilum violent. That iſ to ſiy, VV ho iſ ignorant of the cuſtome of the Egyptianſ ? whoſe mindeſ are ſo ſeaſoned and indued with erroniouſ wic— kedneſſe, that they had rather vnder:goc any torment, then offer violence to an Zb#, an 46 Aſpe, or a holy Crocodile: For in diuerſ placeſ,all theſe, and Catſ alſo, were worſhipped by the people, according to the ſaying of Iywemall. 133 at ——atted \ 00 Crocodilon aderat parſ hac Egyp#i, Tila pauit ſatur am ſerpentibuſ Tbim. W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; . : Thiſ part of Egypt Crocodileſ adore; That;the Ibiſ fed with Serpentſ ſtore, Butthe reaſonſ of dinine worſhippe or honour givien to the Crocodileſ are worth the go noting; that the diligent Reader may the better haue ſomc raſte of that auncient blindneſ iwhereby aur fore—fatherſ were miſledde and ſeduced , to forſake the moſt gloriouſ and eter—blefſed principleſ of Divinitic, for argumentſ of no waightt . ... . . . Firſttherefore the Idolatrouſ Prieſteſ , thought there waſ ſome divine power in. the Crocodile, becauſe itwanted a tongue, for the Deciticor Diuine ſpcggh, hath Polnccdc oſif Avoyce to expreſſe hiſ meaning, according to the ſgymg ofthe Grzecianſ, £2F d; a}gffi;fi:fi:ſſ oa V ANo 134 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. buinoon keleuthen kai dikeſ, ta thueta agrikata diken : For by ataute and ſilent way it aſcen; deth, and bringeth all thingſ mortall to a vocall inſtice, which ſpeaketh in action though not in voyce, enen aſ all that iſ in the Grocodile, iſ action and not voyce. Secondilic, by reaſon of a certaine thinne ſmooth ſkinne comming from the midſt of hiſ forc—head, where—withall it concreth hiſ eyeſ, ſo that when it iſ thought to be blind yetirſeeth: euen ſo iſ it with the Diuine powver, for cuen then when it iſ not ſeene » yez doth it ſee perfetly all mortall thingſ. Againe, by theyr eggeſ & neſtſ they vſually fore—ſhew the ouct—flowing of Niyſ , to the infinite benefit of thcir country wherein they liue, for thereby the huſband—menknow when to till their Land, and when not, when to ſow and plant , and leade foorth theyr 19 flockeſ, and when not : vyhich benefite iſ allo aſcribed to Diuinitie , and therefore the Crocodile iſ honoured with dinine power. Againe, it layeth threeſcore eggeſ,& layeth threeſcore yeereſ, which numbet of three. ſcore, waſ in auncient time the firſt dimenſion of heauen and heauenly thingſ. Cicero alſo ſpeaking againſt thiſ Egyprtian vanitie, ſaith, that they neuer conſecrated a beaſt for a God, but for ſome apparant vtilitie, aſ the 74iſ for denouring of Serpentſ, and the Crocodile for becing a terrour to thecueſ : and therefore the Arabian and Lybian theeueſ durſt not come oucr the Riuer A#wſ to robbe the Egyptianſ for feare of the Cro— codileſ. There iſ a tale in D/odoruſ Sicaluſ of the originall of a Crocodileſ divine worſhippe, 20 which although it cannot be but fabulouſ , yet I haue thought good to inſert it in thiſ place, to ſhew the vanitie of ſuperſtition and Idolatry. There waſ a King of Egypt called Minaſ, ot aſ Herodotuſ calleth him Mereſ , who following hiſ houndeſ in bunting into a certaine mariſh of M@7iſ , fell in with hiſ horſe, and there ſtucke faſt, none of Liſ folloyy— erſ dating to come after him to releaſchim, ſo that he had there perriſhed , had not a cro— codilecome and taken him vp vppon hiſ backe, and ſette him ſafe vppon the dry Land, Forwhichmiracle; the ſaid King there built a Citty, and cauſed a Crocodile tobe vvor— ſhipped, which waſ called Sychuſ by all the inhabitantſ of that Citty, and alfo gave all the ſaid Mariſh of Mzyiſ for the ſuſtenanice of the ſame. It waſ noutriſhed with bread; fleſh, & wine, cakeſ, ſoddc fleſh, and ſweete new wine : ſo that when any man came to the Lake 36 wherein itwaſ kept, the Prieftſ would preſently callthe Beaſt out of the water;and being come to the Land, one of them opened hiſ mouth, and the other put inmeate,;delicacieſ, and VVine. Thiſ Crocodile of Mzziſ, iſ the ſame that iſ called A;//#0e, and like to that at Thebeſ, about which they did hang iewelſ of gold, ſiluer, and icemmeſ of earingſ , braceletſ, and ſuch other thingeſ of price. VW hen it dyed , they did ſeaſon the body thereof with ſalt, $% buried it in the holy Tombeſ or burying Potſ. Theſame alſo arecalled Opbirey I meane the peopleof that Egypt which dweil in Ar//zve, and for theloue ofthe Grocodileſ, they abandon allmanner of Hawhkeſ their enemieſ,infomuch that many timeſ they take them Heredouſ and hang them vp in publique vpon galloweſ for that purpoſt crec&ed. And further,thecy 40 keepe certaine dayeſ of ttyumpheſ like the O/ympiadeſ,and gameſ of honour : anddofarre they were blinded with that ſuperſtition, that they thought themſelueſ exceedingly blet. ſed if they loſt their children by them, and thought themſelueſ much honoured , if they ſaw them with their eyeſ fetched outvofthe ſtreeteſ and playing placeſ by Crocodileſ. C Againe, all the Egyptianſ holde opinion , that the Crocodile iſ a Dininatour , wyhich they proouc by the teſtimonie of Pro/omenſ, who calling one of theſe ſacred Crocodileſ, which waſ the oldeſt and beſtof all, he would not aunſwere him, and afterward offi'ſln_?, him meate, he alſo refuſed it, whereat many wondered : and ſome ofthe Prieſtſ ſayde, it waſ fome prognoſticall ſigne cither of the Kingſdeath or hiſ owne,; & ſoit fellout ſhort— ly after, for the ſame Crocodile dyed. Aſ though a Swinemight notaſ well be accounted 59 divine, ſecing it alſo refuſeth all meate and prouccation, arthetime of theyrrfickneſ, and beforedcath. { $ There iſ a citty in Egypt called Apo/Zpopoliſ,che citty of Apollo,whicre the inhabitantſ Ab: hor & condemne the worſhip of crocodileſ,for when they take any of them they hany che vp and beate them to death, nowwithſtanding their teareſ & cryingſ, and afterward they eate ((elinſ 1 0 © 2 30 4o Of the (Crocodilſ. eate them : butthereaſon'of theit hatred iſ , becauſe Tjſhm their auincient ehemy, vvaſ clothed with a Crocodileſ ſhape. Otherſ alſo ſay, the reaſon of their hatred iſ , bccſſauſc a Crocodile tooke away and denuoured the daughter of P/amniteſ, and therfore they enioyſ ned alltheir poſteritic to hate Crocodileſ. 1 Toconclude tl}is diſcourſe of Crocodileſ inclination » euen the Egyprtianſ themſelueſ account a Crocodile a ſauage, and crucll murthering beaſt , aſ may appeareby their Hie— roglyphickſ, for when they will decypher a mad man,they picure a crocodile ; who bee+ ing put from hiſ deſired prey by forcible reſiſtance , hee preſently ragetb again{ſt himſelfe And they are often raught by lamentable experience; what fraude & malice to man—kind lineth in theſe beaſtſ, for they couct themſelueſ vnder willoweſ & greene hollow bankeſ} till ſome people come to the waterſ ſide to draw and fetch water, and then ſuddenly, or e— uer they be aware, they are taken and drawne into the water. And alſo for thiſ putpoſe; becauſe he knoweth that he iſ not able to ouer—take a man inhiſ courſe or ichaſcyhc taketh agreat deale of water in hiſ mouth, & caſtethitin the path=waicſ ſo that when they ende— uour to fun from the crocodile, they falldownein the flippery path, andare Ouer—taken &. deſtroyed by him. Thecommon prouerbe alſo, Crocodili lachrim@, the crocodileſ teareſ; iuſtifeth the treacherouſ nature of thiſ beaſt,for there are not many broitebeaſtſ that can weepe, but ſuch iſ the nature of the Crocodile;thatto get a man within hiſ danger, he will Aob, ſigh & weepe,aſ though he were in extremitic, but ſuddenly he deſtroyeth him. O— OrkH eXlinuſ therſ ſay; that the crocodile weepeth after he hach devoured a man., How—ſocuer itbe, it ' noteth the wretched nature of hypoctiticall hartſ , which before—hand will with fiyned teareſ endeuour to do miſchieſe, or elſ after they—haue done itbe outwardly ſorty,aſ Iwdaſ waſ for the betraying of Chrii?, before he went and hanged himſelfe. D T he maleſ of thiſ kind do louc their femaleſ aboucaall meaſure, ycacuen to iealouſie;aſ may appeare by thiſ one hiſtory of P. Marzyr. About the time that hee waſ in thoſe coun— trieſ, there were certaine Marrinerſ which ſaw two Crocodileſ together in carnallcopu; Jation! vpon the ſandſ neere the Riner, from which the water waſ lately fallen into acerſ taine Iland of Alwſ, the greedy Marrinerſ forſooke their ſhip, and betooke themſelueſto along boate, and with great ſhouting, hollowing & erying, made rowardſthem in verie couragiouſ manner—: the male at the firſt aflault tell amaazed, & greatly terrified tan away aſ faſt aſ he could into the waterſ, leauing hiſ female lying vpomherbacke; (forwht they ingender; the male turnethher vpon her backe;for by reaſon of the ſhortheſ of herleggeſ ſhe cannet doe it her ſelfe) fo the Marinerſ finding her vpon her back & notable.to turne ouer her ſelfe, they caſily ſlew her, and tooke her away with them: Soone after, themale teturned to the place to ſeeke hiſ female, but not finding her, and. perceiuing blood ypog the {and, conietuted truly that ſhe waſ ſlaine, wherefore hee pteſently C'ſi\ſthi'lſſnfſi_'lf(z into theRiver of AB/mſ againe, & in hiſ rage ſwam ſtourly againſt the ſtreame v.m'ctlllcthcc_.ol}c.r-— tooke the ſhip wherein hiſ dead femall waſywhich he preſently ſetvppon, lifting vp himſ ſcife and catching hold pn the ſideſ, would certainly hauc entered the ſame» had not the Marrinerſ with all their force battered hiſ head and handſ with clubſ and/ſtaneſ; v_null. hie waſ weatried and forced to give ouer hiſ enterpriſe, & ſo with great ſighing and ſobbing departed fr06 them. By which relation it iſ moſt cleere what nawurall affection they: beare tone to another, and how they chooſe out theyrfelloweſ, aſ it were fite wil}cs and huſſ bandſ for procreation. 193 o i STorltnt 3 iAnd it iſ no wonder if they make much of one another, for beſideſ theſelueſ they haue fewfriendſ in the world, except the bird 27 yochiluſ and Swineyof whom I can fay hptlc,fflſi;- cept thiſ that followeth. Aſ for thelitrle bird Trochilyſ, itaffecteth and ſollſiowcrhctthem for the benefit of hiſ. owne belly : for while the Crocodile greedilie—eareth, tſih(;re _ſh,ckgh faſt in hiſ teetb ſome part of hiſ prey,which troublech him very much, & many. rimeſ ingen= dereth wormeſ, then the beaſttohclpe himſelfe taketh lind, and lyeth gaping againſt 1[1.c ſunne—beameſ weſtward, the bird perceivingiit, flyecth to the iaweſ ofthebeaſt.and there firſt with a kind of tickhſiug-ſcmtching,p,rocurcth (aſ itwere)}litence of th'ſi? Qctn_'z_cpdlde _fro pullfoorch the wormeſ, and ſocaterh them allout, and clqnſct_h Fhc teeththoroughly, o}xi which cauſe the Beaſt iſ content to permit the Bird.to goe into hiſ mouth. Bur ſiWhfflhZſi iſ clenſed, the ingratefull Crocodile endevuourerh fuddainely to fl_mt hiſ chappeſ together | F E EncY F <—— N #; vpon IJ6 The Hiſtoxy of Serpentſ. vppon the Bird, and to devoure hiſ friend ; like a curſed wretch which maketh no recko— ning of friendſhip, but the turne ſerued, requiteth good with cuill. But Nature hath ar. med thiſ little bird with ſharpe thorneſ vpon her head , ſo that while the Crocodile ende. e%iſtetl: _noureth to ſhut hiſ chapſ and cloſe hiſ mouth vpon it, thoſe ſharpe thorneſ pricke him in. Adarcelinat: ty hiſ palate, ſo that full ſore againſt hiſ vnkind nature, hee lerteth her flyc ſafe away. But TL\E Z"ct.ct'_ whete aſ there be many kindſ of Trackilſ, which are greedy of theſe wormeſ or clenſingſ evat ofthe Crocodileſ, ſome ofthem which hauenot thorneſ on theyr headeſ pay for it , for there beeing not offence to Iet the cloſing of the Crocodileſ mouth, they muſt needeſ be devoured : and therefore thiſ enforced amity betwixt him and the Crocodile, iſ onely to be vnderſtoode of the C/edarorynchuſ, aſ it iſ called by Heymolanſ. iſ There be ſome that affirme that he deſtroyeth all without exception that thuſ come in. . * to hiſ mouth, and other.ſome ſay he deſtroyethnone, but when he feeleth hiſ mouth ſuf. Pluatarck. ficiently clenſed, he waggeth hiſ vpper chappe, aſ it were to gine warning of anoydance, and in fauour of the good turne, to letthe bird flie away at hiſ owne pleaſure. Howbeit, the other and former narration iſ more likely to be truz,and more conſtantly affirmed by allgood Authorſ except P/yzarch. And Leo Afric: ſaith, that it waſ the conſtant and con. fideotreport of all Affrica, that the Crocodile deuoureth all for theyr lone and kindneſſe, except the Cledororynchi, which they cannot, by reaſon of the thorneſ vppon their head. That there iſ an amitic and naturall concord betwixt Swine and Crocodileſ iſ alſo 9a. thered, becauſe they onely among all other liuing foure—footed beaſteſ, doe without dan— ger, dwell, feede and inhabite vppon the bankſ of N#wſ, eucn in the midſt of the Croco— dileſ ; and therefore it iſ probable that they are friendſ in nature. But oh how ſmall a ſum offtiendſ hath thiſ beaſt, and how vnwoorthy of loue among all creatureſ , that neuer in nature hath but two,in heauen or earth, ayre or water, that will aduenture to come neere it, and one of theſe alſo, which iſ the beſt deſeruing, it devoureth and deſtroyeth, if it get itwithin hiſ danger. & — Seeing the friendeſ of it are ſo few,, the enemieſ of itmuſt needeſ be many, andthere— fore require a more large catalogue or ſtory.In the firſt ranke whereofcommeth, (aſ wor— Diod: Sieul. thy the firſt place, the Ichnenmon, or pPharaohſ—mouſe, who rageth againſt their eggeſ and their perſonſ, for it iſ certaine that it hunteth with all ſagacity of ſence to finde out theyr 36 neſtſ, and hauing found them, it ſpoyleth, ſcattereth, breaketh & emptieth all theyr egſ. They alſo watch the old oneſ aſleepe,and finding their moutheſ open againſt the beameſ ofthe Sunne, ſuddenly enter into them,and being ſmall,creepe downe theyr vaſt & large throateſ before they be aware, and then putting the Crocodile to exquiſite and intollera— ble torment, by cating their gutteſ aſunder , and ſo theit ſoft bellieſ, while the Crocodile tumbleth to and fro ſighing and weeping, now in the depth of water, now on the Land, nener reſting till ſtrengch of nature fayleth.For the inceſſant gnawing of the Zchyeumon ſo prouoketh her to ſcek her reſt in the vnreſt ofeucty part, herbe,clement, throweſ,throbſ, rowlingſ, toſſingſ, moutningſ, but all in vaine, for the enemy within her breatheth tho— tough her breath, and ſporteth her ſelfe in the conſiuimption of thoſe vitall partſ , vwhich 40 waſt and weare away by yeelding to her vnpacificable teeth, one after other, ill ſheethat crept in by ſtealth at the mouth , like a puny theefe, come out at the belly like a Congue— rour, thorough a paſſage opened by her owne labour & induſtry, aſ we bave alſo ſhewe atlarge in the ſtory of Tehrenmon. But whether itbe true or no, that the Trochiluſ doth a— wake the ſlecping Crocodile, when he ſeeth the T/rexmaon lye in waite to enter into her, (Ii leaue it to the credite of S#/abo the reporter, and to the diſcretion of the indifferent Rea— er. Monkeyeſ are alſo the haterſ of Crocodileſ, aſ iſ ſhewed in theyr ſtory, & lye in waite to diſcouer, and if it were in their power to deſtroy them. 'The Scbrpion alſo & the cro— codile are enemieſ one to the other, and therefore when the Egyptianſ will deſcribe'the 59 combat of two notable enimieſ,they paint a crocodile and a Scorpion fighting together, for ever one of them killeth another: but if they will decypher a ſpeedy ouerthrow to oneſ enemy, then they piSutce a Crocodile ; if a flow and flacke viGory , they piture a Scot— pion. And aſ wee haue already ſhewed out of Ph//eſ; that out of theeggeſ of crocodileſ, many timeſ come Scorpionſ, which devuoure and deſtroy them that lay them. C (alcagninuſ. aſ Strabo. Fiſheſ Of the Crocodile, 37 Fiſheſalſo in their kinde ate enemicſ to Crocodileſ , the firſt place ofbelancert \ to the moſtnoble Dolphin. Of theſe Dolphinſ it iſ cho:xghc thcrglgx ZVYZ\ ZFZZZBZISZ %Zſſg in Agluſythe other forraine and comming out of the Sea, both of them profcſſe,d cncmie to the Crocodile : for thefitſt, it hath vpon the backe of it ſbarp thorny prickleſ or finncessſſ aſ ſharpaſ any ſpeareſ poynt;which are wellknowne to the fiſh that beareth them,aſ her armour and veaponſ againſt all aducrſarieſ. In the truſt and confidence of theſe pr,i'cklcs the Dolphinwill a_llu te and draw out the (;rocodilc from hiſ denne or lodging placc,inc(; thedepth of the Riner, and there fight, with him hand to hand . For the Dolphin, aſ it knoweth hiſ ownearmout and defence, like other beaſtſ and fiſheſ, fo dothit know,c the 5o weakeſt pareſ of hiſ aducrſaty , and where hiſ aduantage of wounding lyeth, Now, aſ we haue ſaid alteady, the belly ofthe Crocodile iſ weake, hauing but a thirine ſkin and ſſpencſi trable with ſimall force, wherefore when the Dolphin hath the Crocodile in th,e midſtof the deepe waterſ, like one aftayd of the fight, vnderneath him he goeth, & with hiſ ſharp Sirgleſ finne_s or prickleſ on hiſ backe, giveth hiſ weake and tender belly mortallwoundſ, where—< Sart by hiſ vitall ſpiritſ, with hiſ gutſ & entrallſ, are quickly ecuacuated. 'The other D:blphins of the Sea being greater, arelikewiſe armed with theſe prickleſ, and of purpoſe come out of t% Shca intZ) z/(zſi[m to bid battellto the Crocodileſ. 3 en Bibil/uſ (a worthy Romane) waſ Goucrnoutof Egypt, hee afirmed thaton # ſeaſon the Dolphinſ and the .Crocodilgs mette in the mouth c%fy IPVz'Zm, and bade b:\ctcrl?:l]]z 20 one to the other, aſ it were for the ſoucraigntic ofthe waterſ,and aftet that ſharp combat, Sexera; it waſ ſeene how the Dolphinſ by diuing in the waterſ, did auoyd the byting of the Cro— codileſ, and the Crocodileſ dyed by ſtrokeſ.reccined from the Dolphinſ vpon theit bel— lyeſ. And when many ofthema were by thiſ meaneſ aſ it were cut aſunder, the reſidue be— tooke themſelueſ to flight, and tanneaway, gining way to the Dolphinſ, The Croco— dileſ doc alſo feare to meddic with the Sea—hogge, or Hog:fiſh, becauſe of hiſ briſtleſ all about hiſ head, whichhurchim alſo when he commeth nigh him : or rather I ſuppoſe, aſ it iſ a friend to the Swine of the earch; and holdeth with them a ſympathy in nature, ſoit E vn(io the Swine of the water, and forbeareth one in the Sea, aſ it doth the other on the anad. 3 30 There iſ likewilc a certaine Wild—oxeor Bugill among the P4yzh/anſ, which iſ an ence mie to the Crocodile, foraſ Albe/raſ writeth ; ifhe find'or meete with a Crocodile out of the water, he iſ not onely not afrayd of him, but taketh hart and ſertech vppon him , and with the waight and violentagitation of hiſ body, treadeth him all to peeceſ : & no mato uaile, for all beaſtſ are enemicſ to the Crocodileſ on the Land, euen aſ the Crocodile ly— eth in waite to deſtroy all themi in the water. Hawkeſ are alſo enemieſ to Crocodileſ, & OFuſ. eſpecially the 20%ſ—bird, o that if but afeather of the Zb/ſcome vp5 the crocodileby chance, ©£49@: or by dire&ion of a manſ hand, itmakethitimmoneable and cannot ſtitfe. For vyvhich cauſe, when the Egyptianſ will write ot decypher a raucning, greedy, idie—fellowe , they paynt a Crocodile, hauing an 25# feather ſticking in hiſ head. And thuſ much forthe enſ 40 mitie betwixt the Crocodileſ and otherliuing ereatureſ. It hath beene ſildome ſeene that Crocodileſ were taken, yet it iſ ſaide that men hunt them in the waterſ, for Pliny ſaith, that there iſ an afſured perſwaſion , that with the gall and fat of a Water—Adder, men are wondetfully holpen,& aſ it were armed againſt Cro— codileſ, and by it enabled to take and deſtroy them, eſpecially when they carty alſo about them the herbe Potamegeton. Thete iſ alſo a kind of thorny Wilde—beane growing in Eſ gypt, which hath many ſharpe prickleſ vpon theſtalkeſ, thiſ iſ a great tertour to the Croe codile, for he iſ in great dread of hiſ eyeſ, which are very tender & eaſic to be wounded, Therefore he auoydeth their ſight, being more vnwilling to aduenture vpon a man that Cyeſcenſiem; beareth them, or one of them,then he iſ to aduenture ypon a man in compleate Atmour, 53 go and therefore all the people plant great ſtore of theſe, and alſo beare them in theyr handſ when they trauaile. " t Thete be many who in the bunting and proſecuting of theſe Crocodileſ, doe neither giue themſelueſ to runne away from them, nor once to tutne aſide out of theyr common path or roade, but in a fooliſh hardinefſe,give themſelueſ to combat with the beaſt,when they might very wellauoyd the danger, but man)i\;imrs it bapneth that they pay dccrzly 3 of St rſho, \ | } h. _—\-w—*-ſi T Diodoruſ. HFeredotiſ. I he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. for their raſhneſ, and repent toolate the too much reputation ofthcit owne man—hoode : for whileſ with their ſpeareſ and ſharpe weaponſ they thinke to pierce hiſ ſideſ, they are deceined, for there iſ no part of him penetrable except hiſ belly, and thathſ keepethſafe cenough from hiſ encmieſ, blunting vpon hiſ ſcaleſ (no leſſe hard then plateſ ofyron) all the violence of theyr bloweſ and ſharpnefle of weaponſ, but clubbeſ , beetleſ , and ſuch like weaponſ, are more irkeſome to him, when they be ſette on with ſtrength , battcring the ſcaleſ to hiſ body , and giuing him ſuch knockſ aſ dothdiſmay and aſtoniſhhim., In, deede there iſ no'great vſe ofthe raking of thiſ Serpent, nor profit of merchandize com. meth thereby, hiſ Skinne and fleſh yeelding no great reſpe& in the world. — An auncient time they tooke them with hookeſ bayted with flceſh, or elſ incloſed them with netteſ aſ they doe fiſheſ, and now and then with aflr_ong yron inflrumentcaſt our a boat downe into the water vpon the head of the Crocodile. And among all other there 1ſ thiſ one worthy to berelated; The Hunter would take offthe ſkin from a Swineſ backe and there—withall coucr hiſ hooke, whereby hee allured and inticed the Serpentrinto the midſt of the Riner, & theremaking it faſt,hee went afterward to the next watering place, and there holding another Hogge, did beate and ſmyte him, rill he eryed ardentlie, vvith which voyce or cry, the Crocodile beeing mooued, gocth preſently to the bayte & ſwal— loweth it vppe, and makethafterthe noyſle : atlaſt, comming to the Land , the Hunter with valiant courage and diligence; caſteth mudde and durtinto hiſ eyeſ, and {o blindeth him that he may oppreſſe and killhim with caſe:: Leo Afric: relateth alſo thiſ meaneſ or way to take Crocodileſ : There be many Treeſ planted vpon the bankeſ of Nilwſ, vnto one oftheſe there iſ a long and ſtrong rope tyed, and at the end of the ſame there iſ faſtened a hooke of a cubite long, and a finger in quan— titie : vnto thiſ hooke for a bayte, iſ tyed a Ramme or a Goate, which becing ſerte cloſeto the River, and tormented with the hooke vpporwhich it iſ faſtened, cryethout amaine, " by heating of whoſe voyce, the hunger—greedy Crocodile iſ rayſed out of hiſ denne, and inuited aſ he thinketh to a rich prey,ſo'hce commeth (althouglvit ſelfe of a trechcrouſ naſ ture,yer ſuſpecteth not any other) and ſwalloweth the bayte, in which he findeth a hooke not to bediſgeſted. Then away he ſtriueth to goc, but the ſtrength of the rope ſtayethhiſ 29 journey, for aſ faſtaſ the bayte waſ to the rope and hooke, ſo faſt iſ he alſo enſnared and 30 tyed vnto it, which while hee waueth and ſtrayneth to vnolooſe and breake, hee wearicth himſcife in vaine. And to the intent that all hiſ ſtrength may be ſpent againſt the tree and the rope, the Hunterſ ate at eneend thereof, and cauſe it to be caſt to and fro , pulling it in, and now letring it goe againe, now terrifying the beaſt with one noyſe and feare , and ©) anone with another, ſo long aſ they perceiue in him any ſpirit of moouing or reſiſtance: ſo becing quicted, to him they come, and with clubbeſ, ſpeareſ, beetleſ, ſtaueſ, and ſuch manner ofinſtrumentſ, pierce thorough the moſt tendereſt parteſ of hiſ body and ſode— ſtroy him. Peter Martyr hath alſo other meaneſ ofi raking Crocodileſ. Their nature iſ, that when they goc to the Land to forrage and ſeeke after a prey, they cannot returne backe againe 40 butby the ſame foorſtepſ of their own which they left imprinted in the ſand » whervpon, when the country people perceiue theſe footeſteppeſ, inſtantly with all the haſt they can make, they come with Spadeſ and Mattockſ and make a great ditch , and with bougheſ couct the ſame, ſo aſ the Serpent may not eſpy it, and vpon the bougheſ they alſo againe lay ſand to auoyde all occaſion of deceit, or ſuſpition of fraude at hiſ returne :then vvhen allthingeſ are thuſ prepared, they hunt the Crocodile by the foote vntill they finde him, then with noyſeſ of bellſ, panneſ, kettleſ, and ſuch like thingeſ , they rerrifie and make him returne aſ faſt aſ feare can make him runne towardeſ the waterſ againe, and they fo— low him aſ neere aſ they can, vntill hee falleth into the ditch, where they come all about him, and kill him with ſuch inſtrumentſ or weaponſ aſ they haue prepared for him: and ſo becing ſlayne, they carty him to the great CitticCaire, where for theyrreward they te— ceitte ten peeceſ of gold, which amountcth to the value of ten nobleſ ofour Engliſh coine. There hauc beene ſome brought into that Citty alive; aſ P. Martyr affirmeth, whercok one waſ aſ much aſ two Oxen & two Cammblſ could beare and drayw , and at the ſame time there waſ one taken by thiſ deuiſe before expreſſed, which had entered: into al vil— } age go Of the Crocodile., 139 lage in Saerumnecre Niluſ, aud ſwallowed vp aline three younſ nfanteſ fleepine in one cſ%dlc, the ſaid Infantſ ſcarcely dead were r:?ken againe o>;1t of %nls belly,sa\;l]?[ſ)::)%l?ſi\?tſſ: when no more tokenſ of life appeared;they were all three buried in a better & more pro— per graue ofthe earth. Then'alſo there waſ anocher ſlaine; and out of hiſ belly waſ taken a Lv_hf)lc Rag}mcllot diſgcſt;?%if, nor ;my part of Him conſumed; and the hand of a woman: which waſ bitten or torne off from her body aboue the wriſt y ſame a Bracelet of Braſſe. —: Y ot 'ſt,. ot v?pon the W'e doe read that Crocodileſ havie beene taken and brought alite to Rome:The firſt that cuer brought them thithet,, waſ Marcyſ Scauruſ , who in the gameſ of hiſ xedility, 10 brought fine forth and ſhewed the to the people in a great pond of water, (which he had Pct'?' ty prouided onely for that time)&c afterwardto Achogabainſ and Anteninuſ Piuſ. The Indi. fap ſſſict-Zſſ!ſſct' anſ haue a kinde of Crocodile in Gangeſ, which hath a horne growing out of hiſ noſe like AMDrIdINE, aRhinocerot : ynto thiſ beaſt they caſt condemned men to be denouted ; for in all theit executionſ ; they want not the helpe of mcn, ſcecing theyare prouided of beaſteſ to doe the office of Hang—men. drioſ Aureliuſ Feſtinuſ writeth, that Firmuſ a Tyrant of ZEgypt becing condermned to NZ— luſ to be deuoured by Crocodileſ, before hand bought a great quantity of the fat of Cro— codileſ, and—ſo ſtripping himſelfe ſtarke naked, layde the ſame all ouer hiſ body , ſo hee Wentamong the Crocodileſ and eſcaped death : for thiſ ſauage beaſt becing deceined *o. withthe auourofit owne nature, ſpared the man that had but {o cunningly catryed it. . And thiſ iſ a wonderfull worke of almighty GOD, that ſo ordercth hiſ aAionſ in the na— Undianaſ, ture of thiſ beaſt, that he beguileth the cruell nature of the linving, by the taſt and ſavout ofthedead : howbecit ſome thinke that the Wiater—Crocodile iſ daunted— with the ſauour of the fat from the Land Crocodile, and the Land—Crocodile by the water againeſ —, — And [omoagaine ay, that all venomouſ beaſteſ runne away from the ſauour of the fat heereof ; and therefore no maruaile if it alſobe"affaide, being venomouſ, aſ well aſ a— ny other . W herefore the ſaying of Firmaſ waſ not to bee attributed to any indulgence ofthe Crocodile toward their owne kinde, but rather to a deadly antipathy reflecting themſelueſ vppon themſclueſ, though not in ſhape and figure aſ the Cockattice , yet in 39 ſence, ſauour, and rankneſſe of their peſtiferouſ humour. The vſe of crocodileſ taken,, iſ for their ſkinne, Acſh, caule; and medicine aryſing out ofit. Their Skinne aſ it iſ exceeding hard vppon their backeſ while they are aliue, fo iſ it . ©474>—y7, alſo when they are dead, for with that the common people make them better armout then coatſ of Mayle,againſt Dartſ, Speare, or Shielde, aſ iſ wellknowne in all Egypt at thiſ day. For the fleſh of crocodileſ,it iſ alſo eaten among thoſe people that do not wor— ſhip it : aſ namely, the people about Elephaxtina Apollinopoliſ . Notwithſtanding by the Law of God Leuit. 11. it iſ accounted an vncleane beaſt,yet the taſttheteof being found pleaſant, and the relliſh good, without reſped& of G O D or health, the common pcople make vſe thereof, 40 The medicineſ ariſing out of it are alſo many. T he firſt place belongeth to the caule, , which hath moe benefitſ or vertueſ in it, then can be expreſſed . The bloud of a croco. Dioſcorid, dile iſ held profitable for many thingeſ,and among other it iſ thought to cure the bitingſ ofany Serpent. Alſo by annoynting the eyeſ, it cureth both the dregſ or ſpotſ of bloiid in them, and alſo reſtoreth ſoundneſle and cleareneſſe to the ſight , taking away all dul— neſſe or deadneſſe from the eyeſ. And it iſ ſaid, that if a man take the liquor which com— meth from a peece of a crocodile fiyed , and annoynte therewithall hiſ wound or hare med part, that then he ſhall bee preſently rid of all paine and torment . The Skinne both: of the Land & water crocodile dryed into powder, and the ſame powe_icr with Vlucch; EP fiolciaſ. or Oyle, layd ypon a part ot member of thc'body, to bc? ſeared, cut off, or lanced, Wkflhz 59 away all ſence and fecling of paine from the inſtrument in the aGtion. All the Egyptianſ doe with the fat or ſewet of a crocodile annoynt all them that be ſickſig of Feanerſ, for it hath the ſame operation which the fat of a Sca—dqggc or Dog:—fiſh hath:,;; and if thoſe partſ of men and beaſtſ which are hurt or wounded V\ſlth crocodileſ tFCthsz,g aeStinſ annoynted with thiſ fat , it alſo cureth them. Being concocted with water az1d_Y1pcgcr, & andſo rowled vppe and downe in themouth, it cureth the tooth—ach : and alſo it iſ out— Rbrzeſ. ! N 4. wardly otn . abmat E tinſ, \| \ ſiſi% Herodotitſ, 5 . T Pliny, 140 __ The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. vardly applyed agayriſt the byting of Flyeſ , Spyderſ, Wiormeſ; and ſuch like, for thiſ cauſe, aſ alſo becauſe it iſ thought to cure VV enneſ.; buncheſ in the fleſh , and olde woundeſ. It iſ ſolde deare, and held pretiouſ in Alcair . Scaliger writeth ; that it cureth the Gangren. The canyne teeth which are hollow, filled with Frankinſence, and tyed to a man or woman which hatli the tooth—ach, cureth them, if the party know not of the car rying themabout: And ſo they write, that if thedittle ſtomeſ which are in their belly be ta= ken forth and ſo vſedthey work the ſame effect againſt Feaucrſ.The dung'iſ profitable a< gainſtthe falling offofthc hayre, and many ſuch other thingſ. 5B + The biting of a Crocodile iſ very ſharp, deepe, and deadly, ſo that whereſoeucr he layZ eft@t==" wh hiſ teeth, ſeldome or neuer followeth any cure . (Buryer the counſell of Phyſitionſ iſ, 15 ' that ſo ſoone aſ the patyerit iſ wounded, hemuſt be broughtinto acloſe Chamber wher are no windoweſ, and there bec kept witbout change ofayre, oradmiſſion of light , for e4rnotdu, the poyſon of the Crocodile worketh by cold Ayre and light ; and therefore by the want ofboth iſ to be cured. Butfor remedy (if any bee) they preſcribe the ſamewhich iſ ginen for the cure of the biting of a mad Dog, or(aſ Avicen) the byting of a Doggenor madde Butmoſt proper iſ the dung of a man , the Fiſh Garmſ and A4/y pounded together, and ſo applyed; or elſe the broth ofſalt—ſod—fleſh, & ſuch other thingſ aſ are vulgarly knowne to euery Phyſition : and therefore ſeeing we line in a countty far from the annoyance of thiſ Serpent, I ſhallnot neede to blot any Paper to expreſſe the cure ofthiſ poyſon. Bellniu __The Crocodile of Miluſ oncly liucth on Land and water, allotherarecontented with 29 one element : the piGute of the Crocodile waſ wont to be ftamped vpon coyne , and the ſkinne hanged yp in many famouſ Cittieſ ofthe world, for the admiration of the people; and there iſ one at thiſ day at P47iſ in France. OF THE ARABIAN OR EGYPTIAN tegan Land—(rocodile. © $0 \\\\\\KVKU V o 40 | He figure of thiſ Crocodile ſheweth cuidently the diffq- ef}| rence betwixt him and the other of A#wſ; and beſide it iſ neitherſo tall or long aſ 1ſ the other, the which proportio— 77 >>, [| ned beaſt iſ onely particular to Egypt and Arabia , and @@Y ſome becauſe of hiſ ſcaly head, leggeſ, articleſ, and claweſ, ot %*gþj haue obſerued another difference in it from the former:yet $9 5"24\ in hiſ nature,maner of liuing & preying vpon other cattel, itdiffereth not from that of the W'ater., The tayle of thiſ Crocodile iſ very ſharpe, and ſtandeth vp like the edgeſ 0 wedgeſ in buncheſ aboue the ground, wherewithall when he hath mounted himſelfe vp vpon the backe of a bzaſt, hg eatet Of the (Crocodile. Pfl beateth and ſtnkccþ the beaſt moſt cruelly, to make him go with hiſ Riderto the place of hiſmoſtfit exccution, free from all reſcue of hiſ Heard—man or Paſtor , or znnoy%nce of Paſſengerſ, wlzcrc in moſt cruclland ſauage manner he teareth the Lin:bcs and partſ one from another till he be devoured. The Apothecarieſ of Italy haue thiſ beaſt in their ſhopſ tobeſcene, and th_cy call it Candinerbera, that iſ, a T aylc—bearer, for the reaſon aforcſai% And thuſ thete bcll}g nothing in thiſ beaſteſ nature different from the formet, befideſ his: figure, and that which I haucalready expreſſed , I wiil not trouble the Reader with an more Narration about it. 7 IP OF THE LAND CROCODTE ofYreſi/ia.\ 20 itſ —— attel He figure and proportion of thiſ ſerpent waſ altogether vn. knowne in thiſ part of the world, till of late our diſcoucrerſ — Z and nauigatourſ brought one of them out of Breſilia . The J i length of it iſ about afathom, & the breadth aſ much aſ ten fingerſ broad : the foreleggeſ haue tenne claweſ, fiue vppon || a foore, the hinderleggeſ cight, and both before and behind they are of equall length. The.tayle exceeding long, farre ex— ceeding the quantity & proportion of hiſ body., being mar— ked alloucr with certaine white and yellowiſh ſpotſ .. , The ſkinne all coucted with an equall, ſmooth,and fine coloured ſcale, which in the middeſt of the belly are white, and greater then in other partſ . It can abide no water, for alittle poured into the mouth killed it, and after it had beene two or three dayeſ dead, being brought to the fire, iimooued and ſtirred againe faintly, eucn 2ſ thingeſ doth that lyeth a dying. It iſ not yenomouſ nor hurtfull to cate 5 and therefore iſ ſ digged out ofhiſ caue by any body ſafely without danger. £ OF THE CROCODILE:. OF ;THE earth,called Scincuſ : a Scinke. ' 30 \| | Here haue beeneſome that haue reckoned Scinkeſ and Lizardſ among W ormeſ,;but aſ the Greeke woydss Erpetx; and Scolex, differ in moſt apparant diale& , and ſignification, and therefore it iſ an opinion not worth the confuting,forſichcrc areno wormſ 5 ! ofthiſ quantity . Butfor the better explycarion of thenatureof & ! thiſ beaſt, becauſe ſome hauc taken it for one kind, and fome for ) \%{ another.: ſome for a Crocodile, and otherſ for'a beaſtlike a cro— atie codile ; wwee are to know that there are threekindeſ of Croco— e 0 ; dileſ : the firſt iſ a water—beaſt or Serpent, and vulgarly tearmed a Crocodile , the ſecond iſ a Scinke or a Crocodile of the earth, whichiſ,in all parteſ like thatofthe water, except ſi in 142% T he Hiftory of Serpentſ. oy e 9 in hiſ colour and thicknefſe of hiſ ſkinne : the third kinde of Crocodile iſ vnknowne to vſ at thiſ day, yet P/py and otherſ makemention of it, and deſcribe it to bee a beaſtha— uing hiſ ſcaleſ like a Gorgon, growing or turning to hiſ head from the tayle , and not aſ otherſ.do, from the head to the tayle. The Grzecianſ call thiſ beaſt Skigkoſ, and ſome vnlearned Apothecarieſ Stimem / and M)lrtpſucszſigle. It iſ alſo called Kike70ſ, and the H;xbrew KXeach, doth more properly ſig— nifie thiſ beaſt, then any other Crocodile or Chamezleon, or Lizard . Some of the Hz— breweſ doe expound Z2þ for a Scinke, and from thence the Chaldeſ and the Atabianſ haue their D4/ and A/dzb, turning Z into D: So we read Gwariland Adbaya, for a Scinke or Crocodile of the carth: A/arbiaz iſ alſo for the ſame ſerpent among the Arabianſ,z4/— ecola, and Ballecara Schanchur, and Aſchanchur, and Aſkincer ,and Scerantum, & Nudalep, and Aydaelepi, are all of the Synonymaeſ, or rather corrupted wordſ for thiſ crocodile of the earth. But there are at thiſ day certain P/ewdo/cinkeſ ſet out to be ſeen & ſold by Apo— thecarieſ, that are nothing elſe but a kind of W ater—Lizzard : but the true difference iſ * betwixt them, that theſe water—Lizardſ are venomouſ, but thiſ iſ not, and neitherliving in the Nottherne parteſ of the world, nor yet in the water : and ſo much ſhall ſuffice for © the name and firſt enterance into thiſ Serpentſ Hiſtory. They are brought out of the Eaſterne Countticſ, or out of Egypt : yet the Monkeſ of Meſwen affirme, that they had ſeene Scinkeſ or Crocodileſ of the earth about Rome. " Spluaticnſ and Platearinſ in Apulia: But howſocuer their affectionſ may lead them to con. iecture of thiſ ſerpent, T rather belecue that it iſ an Affricap beaſt, & ſeldome foid in Aſrſ of Europe.. They lone the bankeſ of Mmſ, although they dare not enter the water, and for thiſ cauſe ſome hane thought(but votruely)that when the Crocodile layeth her eggeſ _ in the watet, the young iſ there alſo engendered and hatched, and iſ a Crocodile of the water, but if they lay theyr eggeſ on the dry Land, from thence comtnech the Scinke or Crocodile ofthe earth. Thiſ folly iſ enidently tefuted ,becauſe that they ncucr lay eggeſ in the watet,but all vpon the dry Land. They are found (aſ I hane ſaid before) in Egypt, and alſo in Africke,and among the Zy@/anſ of Manritania, otherwile called Lodya,orta— ther Lybja , among the Paſtorall for Plow:men—Affricanſ; among the Arabianſ, and neere the red Sca, for all thoſe at thiſ day ſolde at Venjce, are brought from thoſe pateſ. T he greateſt in the world.ate in Jpd/a, (aſ.Cardan teacheth) who are in all thingeſ like Li— zardſ,ſauing in their exctementſ, which ſmell or ſauour more ſtrongly ,and generally the difference of their quantity ariſeth ſfrom the Country which they inhabite,for in the hot— ter and moyſter country they are greater, in the hotter dryer Region they are ſmallet,% with an anſwerable proportio— nable body, which iſ thirſ deſcribed. E There beecertainectoſſe lineſ which come'along the backe one by one, ſomewhat aſ —> 0 white, and of a duſky colour;,and thoſe thatbe duſkyHate' allo in them ſome whitelpotſ— 59 "*"The vpper part of the necke iſ very duſky,; the head and the tayle are more white,the fcc"F_ "and/all the neather part ofthe breaſtand belly are white, with appearance vpon themof © fomic ſcaleſ; or rather theſkinne figuredin the proportion of ſcaleſ : vppon cither feete they hauc finediſtin® fingerſ or claweſ, the length of their Leggey iſ a Thumibe ind 2 ; halfe : thatiſ; three incheſ, the tayle twofingerſ loing; the body ſixe; ſothatthe whole lcng\h 10 20 30 40 $0 Of the (rocodile. length from the head to thetippe of the tayle, (which iſ frſt thicke, and then very ſmall at the ead) iſ about ey ght fingerſ. VW hen they haue taken them they bowellthem, and fillthcyr bodieſ with Sugar, and Silke of W'ooll, and ſo they ſell them for a reaſonable price . That which I haue written of their length of eyghtfingerſ, iſ not ſo to bec vn— derftood, aſ though they neuer exceeded or came ſhort of that proportion : for ſome— timeſ they are brought into theſe parteſ of the W orld twenty or foure and twenty fin— gerſ long,, ſometimeſ againe not abouc fine or ſixe fin gerſ long. — W hen they lay theyr Eggeſ, they commit them to the earth, euen aſ the Crocodileſ eAriſfarle ofthe water doe. They liue vpon the moſt odoriferouſ flowerſ, and therefore iſ hiſ fleſh ſo ſwcc'tc, and hiſ dung or excrementſ odoriferouſ. They are enemicſ to Beeſ, and liue muchabout Hineſ, infomuch aſ ſome haue thought they did lay their Eggeſ in Hineſ, and there hatch their young oneſ : But the occaſion of thiſ error waſ , that they aayve young oneſ brought by theyr Parentſ into ſome Hine, to feede vpon the labouting Bec. For the compaſling of theyr deſitre they make meale of any tree , which they haue ground in the Mill of their owne mouthſ,and that they mix with blacke Helleboriuyce, or with the liquor of Malloweſ, thiſ mcale ſo tempered they lay before the hineſ, wher— ofaſſoone aſ the Becſ taſt, they dye, and then commeththe Crocodile with her young oneſ, and lick the vp ; and beſide Becſ, I doe not read they are hurtfull to any : The 27— dianſ have a littie beaſt about the quantity of alittle Dogge, which they call Phartage, _. yery like to a Scinke or Crocodile of the Earth, hauing ſharp ſcaleſ, aſ cutting aſ a aw, F/9%: T here iſ ſome hurt by thiſ beaſt vato men , for which cauſe I may inſtly reckon it a— mong the venomouſ, for ifit chance to bite any man, if thewounded man fall into a fe— Rhezeſ, uer before he make water, he dyeth for it, but if hd fixſt make water, the beaſt dyeth and the man eſcapeth. It iſ thought that it containcth a kind of naturall magicke, witch—traſt, or ſorcery ; and therefore they ſay it hath a ſtupifying power , changing the mind from louc to hatred, and from hatred to louc againe. The powder of thiſ Serpent drunke in Wine, if it ſtirre venerouſ luſt, it hurteth the Nexueſ and ſinneweſ . There be certaine magicall deuiſeſ rayſed out of thiſ Serpent which are not woorth the writing, aſ not hauing in them any dram of wit, learning, or truth ;and therefore I will not rrouble the Reader with them, but follow on the concluſion of thiſ Crocodileſ ſtory in the Narration of themedicinall vertueſ, which are farre moe and more operative then thoſe in the former Crocodile, for I thinke Almighty G O D bleſſethmeekeneſ and innocercy with exceſſe of grace in men and beaſteſ, aſ may be ſeene in theſle two kindeſ of Crocodileſ, the dung and ex. crement of the one, becing more worth then the body of the other, through harmeleſſe innocency; : The body of thiſ Serpent to be dryed, after it hath line long in ſalt, and to bee preſer— ued in Nooſewort, aſ Rwellinſ and Marcellaſ write : (but truth iſ,there iſ no need of Salt where Noſewort iſ applyed, becauſe the Arcrimony ofthiſ Hearb doth e_aſi!ſſy dry vp the moyſure of the beaſt, keeping Wormeſ from breeding in it.) With the powder tþu_s prepared, yeneriouſ menſtirre vp their laſteſ. Mithridate iſ called 1ſſ>/ctffiffimffl, ſib-:cauſc it iſ compounded of the Scinke or Crocodile of the carth, and it containeth in it a moſtno— ble Antidote againſt all poyſonſ . Ga/leſ had an Antidote againſt Scorpionſ, which a— mong other thingeſ contameth in it the fleſh of a Croco_dllc olf the E;}ſth , wherewithall he cured all them that had beene ſtung with Scorpionſ in Lybiſ . It iſ alſo good agayaſt the byting of mad beaſteſ, and pleuriſeſ ; againſt poyſoned Hony, Oſ'the crudity and loa— thing that commeth in the ſtomacke by cating of ſoupd Honny : It iſ Profitablc againſt empoyſoned Atroweſ or Darteſ, being taken immediately before or after the wound,aſ Apelleſhath obſerued, 1 encnmbandt Strapio did make a medicine compounded of the dung of thiſ Crocodile, 25 j—(};? Y i ed the ſame againſt the falling ſickneſſe: Of the body of thiſ Scinke, except fihſi SQ I amſſ the feete being ſod or roſted, and caten by them thathauc the Sciattica, an old cough (ſſ" pecially children, ) or the paine of the loyneſ , g_iueth them [mughd Cflfſcſi AZ;Z;ZZ a[hZ mixed with mcedicineſ againſt th_c paine of the I,SC}EC +9ſ Ci/i mſſ i f(;l ſiw;cwcs Thiſ Grammarian, T hey are allo good in medicine agaioſt the coldneſle ofthe fint ſ beaſt Fod »þ» J an) The Hſiow of 8 erpentſ. | Beaſt iſ very hot, and therefore increaſeth the ſeede of man, and prouoketh Iuſt ; and for thiſ purpoſe the greateſt and farteſt, & ſuch a one aſ iſ taken in the ſpring time, when they burne in Iuſt for copulation iſ preferred. But thiſ iſ not to be meant of the fleſhy parteſ, but onely of thoſe parteſ that are about the reyneſ, if a man drinke thereof the weight of a groat in W ine afterwardeſ, for the alaying of the heate thereof, the Phyſitionſ doe preſcribe a decoGion of Lentileſ with Hony,and the ſeede of Letticodrunke in Water, The ſrout of thiſ Crecodile with the feete drunke in white wine, hath the ſame operati— on :but we hauc ſhewed already, that theſe partſ are to be cut offand throwne away, be, cauſe if there be any venome in the beaſt it lyeth in them. A perfurne being made of the body and intralſ of thiſ Crocodile vnder the wombe of ;,, a W oman labouring with child, iſ thought to yeald much help, for hcr*ſafc, ſpeedy,and eaſic trauaile, or flockeſ of wooll perfumed therewith, ax}d laydto herbelly. But it iſ the part of good Phyſionſ to be very waric in giuing of medicineſ for ſtirring vp of luſt in a ny, except in marryed perſonſ, and then alſo when they are young,, to procure a lawfull iſſuc and poſterity in the world : otherwiſe they ſhall both decay the body, for all violent helpeſ of carnall copulation, do in the end proouc detrimentſ to nature, if they continue anty time, and alſo they are hurtfull to the Soule, when not onely the vanaturall deſitre ofluſt, but alſo the intemperate pleaſure of ſinne iſ increaſed thereby; and that iſ a miſe— table cure, which killeth the Soule to help one part of the body . Beſideſ all kindſ of me— dicineſ for thiſ purpoſe, (amongſt which thiſ Crococodile iſ the cheefe) haue their pecu. 14 culier venome, and when they are miniftred,either they hane no effe& at all through age or ouermuch impotency, ot elſe they worke too violently, which iſ moſt dangerouſ, or ſome one hurt or other followeth the poyſon : and ſo I willleauc the proſecution of thiſ art. The duſt ofthe ſkinne of thiſ Crocodile being annoynted with Vineger or Oyleyp— on any part ormember which iſ to be cut off, taketh away the ſence of paine in the time ofexecution . The bloud iſ good for the eyeſ, and taketh away the filthy Skinne of the body, with the ſpotſ and burleſ in the face, reſtoring the firſt, truc, nativue, and linely co— Your» The fat taketh away the paine in the reineſ , and cauſeth a diſtillation of theſcede of man , yet thiſ fatte touching the hayre of a man , maketh it to fall off, and a man an— 30 noynted heerewith, iſ ſafe from the annoyance of Crocodileſ , although they play with him. Italſo cureth the bytingeſ of Crocodileſ , the inſtillation of thiſ Crocodile, foul— ded vp in the wooll of a blacke Sheepe of the firſt birch , and wherein iſ no other colout; hath power to drive away a quartan Ague. And Rafſ Gith, that it beeing hung ouecr the head of a woman being in trauaile, keepeth her from delitery. In the gall of thiſ Serpent there iſ a power againſt the fallin 5 offof the hayre, eſpecially if the medicine bee made of therooteſ of Beeteſ to neeſe withall ; and beſideſ, the eyeſ becing annoynted therewith, and with Hony,, there iſ nnothing more profitable againſt ſuffuſionſ. T he ſtoneſ & reineſ haue power to prouoke generation, and Ar#imſ preſcribeth an Antidote to bee made of the taile of thiſ beaſt, againſt the gout. 49 Great iſ the vertue of the dung or excrement of thiſ Setpent, ifthe ſame could be caſi— ly found, but while it iſ ſought for, it looſeth the vertue . It iſ called Crocodillia , indiſ profitable to give a good colour to womenſ ficeſ,that iſ the beſt which iſ whiteſt, ſhort, and not heauy,; feeling like Leatien betwixt the fingerſ, that iſ, ſinclling ſomewhatſharp like Lcauen. It iſ adulterated with Meale, Chaike, white—carth, of painting, but it iſ defcerned by the heauineſſe: The reaſon of the vertue of thiſ iſ becauſe it feedeth yvpon the ſweereſt & beſt ſmelling Herbſ, whereby icommeth to paſſe, that it doth not onely ſmell fragrant— ly, but alſo containe in it many excellent vertueſ. Firſttherefore it iſ good for the come— linefle ofthic face,to give colour to it,according to the ſaying of Horace : Celorque »ſlercore go Ffucatuſ Crocodili : A colout in—gtained with the dung of a Crocodile, and for thiſ cauſe alſo iſ the verſe of OWid: Nigridy ad phary confugit pici3 opem : T hat iſ, The black Wo— tran goeth to craue Helpe of the Fiſh Phar/=, to become more beautifull ; for by the filk Pharinuſ,iſ vnderſtood a Crocodile. Aſ ſome thinke cight,grayneſ of thiſ dung,of rather. the weight of cyght groateſ, withhalfe ſo much Muſtard—eede and Vineger; cureth ;hlc E Of the Dart, y hiſ falling offofthe haire. Ar#o/ldwſ doth preſcribe a compoſition of the diing and Carithaſ rideſ, for the regenerating and bringing againe of haire that iſ decayed y Ifa perfume hereofbe made and infuſed by a T unelll into the holeſ of Serpentſ, it will drive them a way, by reaſon of the ſharp and leaueniſh ſauour thereof, & Tralanuſ maketh a medicine thereof for an Eye—ſalue againſt the whiteneſſe and _ bloud—ſhot—eyeſ. It iſ good alſo againſt dimnefſe and ſuffutionſ, being annoynted with ,;fhfi_my;c Ef lhgckes d ai?'d lt)o'concluiie, it iſ drunk in ſweetwineand Vineger, againſt the alling ſickneſle, and allo being applyed vnto women, ſtirce 1 And thuſ muchſhallſuffice fo% [EE 1%ſſory ofthe Crocodile, e bcl tt toult 10 OF. THE DART, Mong the diverſ Kindeſ of Serpentſ, there iſ one of ſþeciall note which the Grzecianſ call Acopt/a . The Latineſ Zaonlaſ 7eſ, or Zaculi, or Sagitta, a Dart or Artrow, The Greecianſ at thiſ day Saetta, The Turkeſ Orchilanne : In Calabria and Si— cilia, Saettone, and of the Germanſ Zin (choſſſ oder angelſch lang. T he reaſon of thiſ name iſ taken from hiſ ſwitt leaping vpon a man to wound and kill him ; and therfore the Poctſ ſay Iaculig, volucreſ, ſpeaking of theſe kindeſ of Serpenteſ. || Albertuſ and Auicen allo calleth them Cafezati, and Cafeca ! 6, Altararat, Acoran, and Altinanti. The manner of thiſ Serpent iſ to get vp into treeſ or hedgeſ, and from thence to flie like an Arrow vpon the vpper parteſ of men, and ſo to ſting, bite, andkill them : and of thiſkind it 1ſ thought that waſ, which came vpon the hand of the Apoſtle Paulc,where» ofthe Poct writeth ; 30 49 i & Evce procul ſawnſ ſteriliſ robore tunct Torſit, & immiſit (Taculum vocat Africa) ſerpenſ : Pergue caput PpanlitranſaCaque tempor a fugit. Nil ibi viruſ agit : vapuit cume vnlnere fatum, Deprenſuin cit , quafundarotat, quim lenta volorert, Quiim ſogniſ Scythice Strideret ayundiniſ aet. In Engliſh thuſ ; Loefrom afarre, a crucll Serpent from an Oke CGatne flying like a Dart, in Affrica the ſame £ſ A Dart iſ cald, the head and Templeſ ſtroke — Of Panle, by winding ſpireſ to worke hiſ bane : But nothing could the poyſon there awaile, For with the wound he put aveay hiſ death LEaſter then ſwiſteſt flye, or turning batl, Or Scythian reede remow d with windy breath; Thiſ 146 T he HHiſtory of Serpentſ. Muvcelimeſ. T hiſ kind of Serpent iſ for the moſt part in Zyb/z, in Rhodeſ, in Lemaiſ, in Italy, Ciſ Bellonin _{abriaand Sicilia, and in many of the Northerne Countrieſ, and allo in Germany,wher. Olanſ.M%: of Geſner telleth thiſ ſtory following . There iſ neere the Coaſtſ of Zuricke »Riner cal.. led G/ar, and a village or towne vpon that Riner Glatfelden. Neate thiſ Riner, aſ a poore man waſ gathering wood, there waſ a ſerpent of ſome three or foure foote long, which from atreeendenoured to leape vpon the pooreman, by gathering hiſ body together, (aſ it were into foure ſpireſ or riſingſ like halfe hoopeſ,) the man ſeeing it, left hiſ ſacke and ranne away : neverthcleſſe , the Serpent leaped after him at the leaſt ſixteene or ſc, uenteene foote , but yet for that time heelaſt turned about him , and not ſeeing the Serpent to follow him, gathered courage and comfort, and would come back againe for 1, hiſ ſacke that he had left behind him. The crafty Serpent exped&ing ſo much,had ſet him. — ſelfe againe into another tree, and priuily lay till the man came for hiſ ſacke, and then re he waſ aware came flying at him aſ hee did before, and preſently winded about hiſ left arme; All hiſ body except hiſ taile hung downe,and hiſ neck, which he held vp hiſfing in the manſ face : the man hauing no ſlceue on hiſ arme except hiſ ſhirt, yet did the ſerpent ſo preſſe the ſkin and fleſh,chat the cireleſ ofhiſ winding ſpireſ and printſ of hiſ body ap— peared therein after he waſ taken off, yet did he not bite the man, for the poore country,, fellow did preſently with hiſ other hand take him by the head and caſt him away , not— withſtanding, he had ſo foulded himſelfe about hiſ arme : ſhortly after that arme became to grow mattery, and all the fleſh to the bone conſtimed, yet waſ all the rotten putryfied 15 enuenomed fleſh and ſubſtance, by the ſkillof a worthy learned Phyſition taken auvay, and aſ good fleſh brought in the roome thereof aſ cuer waſ before, yet waſ the man cue. 1y yeare preſcribed to let that arme bleede , and then iſſued foorth blacke thicke bloud : ſome of the woundeſ or trather ſearreſ, of the poyſon outwardly rem aining. Olunſ Mag: _In the Northerne parteſ they leape temne foote at a time , firſt gathering themſelueſ into the ſimilitudeſ of Boweſ or halfe Hoopeſ , and then fight with thoſe tha; they would devour, making many timeſ a noyſe among the Hearbeſ or Flowerſ, which are parched or withered by the Sunne ; and therefore by the bounty of G 0 D in nature, theyr owne noyſe bewrayeth them to their ſupitionſ aduerſatieſ, and ſo many timeſ are avoyded in ſafety. Like vnto theſe are certaine in Hungary(aſ Ichanneſ Yituſ reported vn— 30 to Geſwer,) whoſe bodieſ are of an equall craſlitude or thickneſſe,ſo aſ they appeare with. out taileſ, being for that purpoſe called Degurtat, Curtaileſ,theſe in the ſame manner do leape vpon men aſ theſe Darterſ do,but they are very ſhort,ſildome exceeding the length of two handſ breadth. There iſ ſome difference among Authourſ about the nature of thiſ Serpent : for Ac— Tiannſ confoundeth it with the Suake of the Earth, called Cher/ſjd>mſ, and ſayth it lineth ſometimeinthe W ater and ſometime on the Land, Iying in waight to deſtroy allly— uing Creatureſ . And (heelaych) it vſeth thiſ fraud, it cuer lyeth:hidde in' ſecretneere the high—wayeſ , aud many timeſ climbeth vppe into treeſ whete it roundeth it felfe round into a citcle, and hideth hiſ head within the foldeſ of hiſ owne body, ſo ſooneaſ 40 cuer it eſpyeth a Paſſenger, eyther a man or beaſt » it leapeth vppon.iim aſ ſwiftaſ a Dartflycth . For it iſ able to leape twenty cubitſ ſpace , andſo lighting vppon the man or beaſt, ſtickech faſt ynto it without falling off of hiſ owne accord, vntill thty fall downe dead, Buthercin AcZapyſſeemcth to be deccined, becauſe hee maketh but one Serpent pf twaine : namely , thiſ Dart and the Land—Snake, which are moſt apparantly different in nature, kind, and quality; Aetiuſ allo confoundeth thiſ ſerpent with the Millet—ſerpent , called Cephyiteſ, and ſayth it iſ of the quantity of two cubitſ , great on the head, and the fore—part ſmaller at — the tayle, being of a greenifh colout; And he ſaith further, that at ſuch time aſ the Mil— þo let—ſeede groweth ard flowriſheth, thiſ ſer pentiſ moſtſtrong and hurrfull , and ſo with thereſiduchece agreeth vvith Acliaruſ, but hecrein hee iſ alſo diceined, writing by here ſay aſ himſelfe confefſeth,and therefore it iſ more Gfe for vſ to hane recourſeto ſome eſc— witneſſe for the deſcription of thiſ ſerpent, then to ſtand vppon the opinionſ of them which writ by the relation of otherſ: Belloniuſ 1 © 8 2 0 3 Of the Dipſaſ, Belloninſ ſalthizthat he ſixw one of het i1 leſ,bei not greater then 'the ſeedeſ of Lcl\tilcs%ſieſigg;ſic)):?fgfliſig ſ: iiofſr:;afl' _ſilſſmd blſiCk. ſpotſ, ai eyc; after ſuch faſhlon aſiſ to beſeene in thelittle Fiſhg llo(L{] nh iril we ſ it exceedeth not three palmeſ , and in bigacſſe no or P ht- ei waſ of an Aſhe—colout, comming neere to the whicen?ſizazefll\t/liſi? \h!: lſſſilcdſiſigctſiv þ it waſ altogether white : vpon the backeithad ſealeſ; but —Þ iert y inollochitſ Sirpentſ: o t N n oS ot vppont Fbelly a thin ſkin, aſ The vpper partof the backe waſ we | mae? middle, wphicl?bcginnc at the head ,ſZZZJCF(V)Zi; ZLZ:Z;Z; -LZZ:Z%[[]WO L;lackc t ſ tayle . Aſ for the Cefenati, and Alzeyavritior Altrnnayri thoſe arcrſiſſji.];}dgſibofly a Auzcen Caith) which are. butſmall in quiantity, yeraſ'dee ct,and d dcl E DoOUSr atiaicſ o\þf:ſ,fOſ they hart in the ame mannetthat c,h'eſiz Dſſarrc?'rs do Sc;mz g}g}o ſiychſiſ Pwoar with theyr poyſon, aſ the affliGed petſon dyeth incontinent without ſcf]ccooJ W;unſi% Someagaine dye by languiſhing payne after many hopeſ of recouery, looſing hſſ; 7 nZ : mong all the people of—the VW orlde; the:S@b/@mſaremoſt annoyed with thiſ k']ſiL de ſif redde Serpenteſ 5 for they haue many odoriferouſ and ſweete ſmillin- Weoodſ; 4 LI;) , Which theſe Serpenteſ docabound , but ſuch iſ their rage and hatrcdi ainſt mf*,'*mt{' * they leape yppon them and woundethem deadly, whenſocuer they cgmc \ſiirlſi;th;ſi: compaſie . And ſurely ifit be lawkulltoconiecure whatkinde of Serpenteſ thoſe w: which in the Scripture are called fiery Serpenteſ, and did ſtingthe Iſr};ſilice; to de. }Clrſicſi ;he \ſſ'\/_xld;:)mcſſci (;/mctgil [Llf,' [()itafzſicnſſsſſgrpe'mſiwas erectedfor their curc52.1;10ng ;ſizll rl;:tSſilZ enteſ in the world, that kind of paine.anddea aſcri 101 Ecxorag chc{; tofik}gſc erat a og Dare Ra thcanbeiaſcribedto none more porperly or firſt the wilderneſſe which waſ the place wherti 5 very wellagree to their:habitation'.:: Secgndly, thoſi:lgzl:;ysctctxggzſſ;% Zcepf:zoflflſiſigoſiſi figure , norv that they were firey:, buraſall W iiterſ doe agree eyſith-ſir becauſf th y were reddelike fixe, or elſebecauſe the paine which they—infliSed ſi,di'd bQ-—ſic like i%r Cy- xather for both theſe cauſeſ together which are ioyntly and ſcueraſiily ou tſi}ctkſ: ;Zi S\TPCUFS ; and thcre)ſorc I vFillcg)ctncludc for my opinion,;that theſe SCL*DCAU\ES(:IS the high» eſt poy ſon in nature) were ſent by G O D to affli@ the ſinning Iſtaclit ſepoyt waſ vncurable, exceptby Diuinz mitacle, W he e oepui t towiot Matthioluſ allo telleth a ſtory of a Shepheard which waſ ſlaine in Italy by one of theſe , aſ hee waſ ſleeping in the heare of the day ynder the ſhaddow of a/trce hiſ felſ low Shepheatdeſ beeing not farre off looking to theyr flockeſ, ſoddainely there camg one of theſe Dart—Serpenteſ out of the tree, and wounded him yppoo hiſ Ieft pappe at the byting whereof the man awaked and cryed out, aad (o dyed incontinently : hiſ fet— low Shepheardſ hearing thiſ noyſe, came viito himi to ſee what he ayled, and found him dead, with a Serpent vpon hiſ breaſt ; now knowing what kind of Serpent thiſ waſ they forſooke their flockeſ and ran away for feare. * ſ | The cure of thiſ Serpenteſ byting, if there bec any at all , iſ the fame vvhich cureth the Viper , aſ Activſ and Auicen writeth, ard thereforeI will not relate it in thiſ place. The gallof thiſ beaſt mixed: with the.Sy/hiew Stone}; yealdeth a very good Eyc—Galue. The which—Gall lyethbetwixt the backe and the Lyuer : And thuſ much ſhallſuffice for thiſ Serpent. £+2 loStan nt } OF THEUDIPSAS, t Hiſ Dipſaſ hath many natieſ for many occaſionſ : Fitſt Diphaſ InEngliſh thuſ; tk — i There iſ a woman old, which Dipſauſ ray be hight, And not without ſame canſe, thir (y ſhe ener iſ,; ( . For newer Memnouſ ſire , all blacke and ſtidome bright, +> : Did ſhe in water ſweete behold in ſoberneſſe—": 1Q They line for the moſt part neere.the Waſitcr'sſſ, and in ſalt ſſMzriſhy placeſ : whercup— on ZLucen ſaide : i ShoP: — Stant inmargine ſicce Aſpideſ, | Et medgſ ſitiebant Dipſadeſwndiſ. » Thatiſtoſay ; : ' vſtoad 20 Vpon patſ brinke dry Aſpeſ there ſtood, And Dipſadſ thirſt in middeſt of water floud. It iſ called Tyyyida Dip/aſ, and Arida Dip/aſ, becauſe of the perpetuall thirſt , and therefore the Agyptianſ when they will ſignifiethirſt, docpicture a D#Z/@: whereypon Lucianuſ relateth thiſ ſtory, there iſ (ſaith heey aftatue or monument vppon a Grauc, right oucr againſt the great Syzeſ betwixt Si/zeand Egypr, with thiſ Epigram : Taliapaſſiuſ erat quogue Tantaluſ Acthiope eretwſ, Quinullo poruitfonte lenare ſitim. _ $5 Tale nec 2 Danao nataſ implere pucllaſ Aſſiduiſ vndiſ vaſ potuiſſe reor. Thatiſ to ſay ; ? Such Tantaluſ indured in Acthiope bred, Which newer could by Water quench hiſ thirſt, Nor could the Grecian maidz withwater ſped, Thatwith dayly pouringſ tillthe veſſell curſt. T he ſtatue waſ the picture ofamanilike vato Tapzaluſ, ſtanding in the middeſtofa 40 Waterready to drinke, by drawing in of the Water, about whoſe foote waſ foulded a Dipſaſ: cloſe by ſtood cerraine women bringing water and pouring it into him to maſſkc it runne into hiſ mouth ; beſideſ, there waſ certaine Eogeſ aſ it were of EStricheſ lay pic— tured beſide them, ſuch aſ the Gazamantſ in Lybia ſecke after. For it iſ reported by Lucia+ nuſ, that the people of that Country doc earneſtly ſecke after the Fſtrygeſ Eggeſ vpPO? the ſandeſ, not onely to eate the meate that iſ in them ; but alſo to make ſundry veſſelſ or inſtrumentſ of the ſhell, and among other thingſ they make Cappeſ ofthem. Neare vnto theſe Eggeſ doe theſe trecherouſ Serpenteſ lie in waight , and ſo while the poore Country—man commeth to ſecke for meate, ſuddenly he leapeth vppon him, and giucth him a mortall wound, a fSdve 59 Aclianuſ hath an Embleme, which hee ſcemeth to haue tranſlated out of Greeke from Antipiter Sidoniuſ,of a Falconer, which while he waſ looking vppe afterBirdeſ for meate for hiſ Hawke, ſuddainely a Dipſaſ came behind him and ſtung him to death.The title of hiſ Embleme iſ, Qw# alr4 contemplatur cadere, he that looketh hie may falland the Embleme it ſelfe iſ thiſ that ſolloweth'; y . , Dut Oſt}]e Dipſaſi Durd tirdoſ viſco, pedica dum fallit alawdaſ, Et fat a altinolanſ figit arundo Grhem;, Dipſada nop prudenſ ancepſ pede pereulitvlirix Ia mali, emiſſum@ Ardentem tennere virum, quinlſpargere ſigna Anderct, tcttzſiſq!ke furenſ eXquireret agriſ. Lnaſ poſcebat aquaſ ſitienſ invorde wenenum. Ille velin Tanaiin miſſuſ, Rhbodanumgue Padutogue Arderet, Nilumgne bi benſ per rura vagantenſ Acceſſit moyii Libya : fatique minorem FEamam Dipſaſ habet terriſ adiuta peruſtiſ. Serutatur venaſ penituſ [quallentiſ arene : Nuncredit ad Syrteſ & fluetuſ accipit ore — Acquorcuſque placet, ſed non & [ufficit humor. Nec ſentit fatique genuſ, mortemdue veneni: Sed putat eſſe ſitim :ferroque aperire tumenteſ t Su_/)fmlit venaſ,dtque oſimplere eruore. Lucanuſ lib.9: In Eogliſh thuſ; TLyrrhenian Auluſ, the auncient—bearer young, Waſ bit by Dipſaſ, turning head to heele, No paine or ſence of'ſ teeth appear'd, though poyſon ſtrong; Death doth not frowne, the man no harme didfecte, But loc, (lye poyſon takeſ the marrow , and eating fire Burning the bowelſ warme till all conſumed, Drinking vp the humour about the vitallſþire, 30 Andin dry palate waſ the tontue wp burned. There waſ no ſiveat the ſinneweſ to refreſh, And teareſ fled from the veine that feedeſ the eyeſ, Then Catoeſ laweſ, nor Empicrſ honor freſh, Thiſ fiery youth could hold : but downe the ſtreamer flyeſ; And like a mad man about the fieldeſ he runſ, Poyſonſ force in heart didwiterſ craue : Though vnto Tanaſ, Rhodanuſ, Paduſ, he comeſ; Or Niluſ : yet all to little for hiſ heate to hane. But dry waſ death, aſ thouth the Dipſzaſ force 49 Were not inough, but holpe by heate of earth, Then doth he ſearch the Jandſ — but no remorſe To Syrteſ flowd he hieſ, hiſ month of them he filleth; Salt water pleaſcth, butit cannot [uffice, Nor knew he fate, or thiſ kind venomſ death, But thought it thirſ?, and ſcecing hiſ veineſ ariſe Them cut, which bloud ſtopt mouth and breath, 1G go T he ſigneſ of death following the byting of thiſ Setpent, arcextreame drought and inflamation both of the inward and outward parteſ, ſo that outwardly the parteſ are aſ go dry aſ Parchment, or aſ a Skinne ſet againſt the fire, which commicth to paſſe by aduſti— onand commutation of the bloud, into the nature of the poyſon. For thiſ cauſe many of the auncientſ haue thought it to be incurable ; and therefore were ignorant of the pro— per medicineſ, pradiſing onely common medicineſ preſcribed ag:.i-i)xſt Viperſ : bur thiſ iſ generally obſetucd, that if once the belly beginne to breake; there can bec no cure 'ogt death. } Of the Double—head: 15L death; Firſt therefore they vſeſcarification , and make yſtion in the body » cutting of ti\c mcember wounded. Ifitbe in the extremity, they lay alſo playſterſ vnto it, aſ Treacle, Ii— quid pi_ccſſh with oyle, Henneſ cut aſunder alite; and ſo layde to hote, or ele the lczmc; of Purſlaine beaten in Vineger, Barley—mcale, Bramble—leaueſ pounded with Hony ; alſo Plantine, Hope; VVhite—garlicke, Leckeſ, Ruc & Nettleſ. Thenmuſt the gouernement of their bodieſ be no leſſe lookedvntoſ firſt, that they: bekept from all ſharpc and ſalt meateſ, then, that they be made continually to drinke oyle, to procure vomit, and vyith theyr vomitſ which they.caſt out of their ſtomacke, to gitte them glyſterſ, that ſ the wa— terſ maybe drawne to.the lower partſ:: ;Beſideſ, ſometake medicineſ ont of Fiſheſ, ſſcſpcſi 10 ciallyſuchaſ are ſalt; and the leatieſ, barke, or ſpriggeſ of Laurill : and to conclude, there B _nc(nhing better them Treacle compounded of Viperſ fleſhe:: And thuſmuchfor the iplaſ. . 5 OF THE DOVBLE—HEAD. \—Ecauſe the Grzecianſ. call thiſ Serpent Jmphi:baim, and the La— tineſ from:thence Armphiſbene, becauſe it goeth both waieſ aſ if it had two headſ & no taile : and forthiſ purpoſe it iſ netier ſeene to turne hiſ body; aſ it were to turne about hiſ head. W hen it hath a purpoſe to auoyde that thing which it feareth , or where— withall it iſ offended, hee doth but onely change hiſ courſe back— ward aſ he went forward ; ſo that it iſ aſ happy a Lymriuſ, whom the Poctſ faine to be very quick—ſighted , or aſ thoſe Monſterſ yeſ in their backſ, or rather like to Zagwſ , which iſ ſayde to haue two faceſ, one forward, and another backwatd , and therefore T haue'called:it:Dowb/eſ head, Ltruſt fitly cnough to expreſſe the Greeke word , although compoundcdof two. wordſ together, for ſo iſ the Greeke word alſo , which the French doe expreſie: by a like compounded word, Donble—marcheur, that iſ, going two waieſ. It iſ likewiſe called Am keſime, Alchiſinuſ, & Ampbiſilenem. Avd thuſ much may ſuffice for the name. 39 It iſ ſaid that thiſ Serpent iſ found in the Hland Lepauſ, but among the Germanſ it iſ voknowne. There iſ ſome queſtion whether itmay be ſaid to haue two headſ or no. Ga— len affirmeth, that it iſ like a ſhippe hauing two fore—partſ, that iſ, one bchind, & avother before. Pliny alſo ſubſcribeth here—vnto, and maketh it a very peſtilent Serpent; Gewinum habet caput Amphiſbena, tanquam parum eſſet, vno ore fundi venenum, ſaith hecſ It hath a double—head, aſ though one mouth were not enouigh to viter hiſ poyſon , according to theſaying of the Poct: Al ot ES grauiſ in teminum ſurgitiſ caput Ampbhiſ—benk Serpenſ quiviſu necat et ſibilo: 46 VWW hich may be engliſhed thuſ; Thiſ Serpent Double—head; iſ gricnouſ to be ſcene, Whoſe clonen—head doth killwithſight and buſſing keene. Vnto thiſ alſo Eia##ſ ſubſcribeth, that it iſ a true Serpent, and hath two headſ, ſo that whenſocuer it iſ to goe forward, one of them ſtandeth in the place of the rayle, but whcnſſ it iſ to goc backward, then the head becommeth the tayle, and the tayle the head. So alſo Mantuan ſayth it iſ a double—hcaded Serpent, and a fearefull ſtinging Aſpe. And ſo gene— rally all the Auncientſ, vatill AGzhigleſ and Greninuſ time , whofirſt of all began to con— trary thiſ opinion,afflrmingit to be impoſſible in nature , for one Serpent to haue tvvo 0 headſ,except it be monſtrouſ, and exceede the common courſe of nature: Such a one wa\s that Serpent with two headſ that Aziſfa#le ſpeaketh of , which dothreaſily happen to all thoſe creatureſ which at one birth bring forch many young oneſ ; for ſo theyr bodicſ may be conioyned into one, whileſ theyr beadſ ſtand aſtinder like tivaine. Alȝd tth ſay \h;t thiſ Serpent doth reſemble a Worme ofthe earth; whoſe head and'tayle iſ hard to be be diſtinguiſhed aſtinder except you ſec it going. And(;h?:' ſay further, that thiſ SCYPCſiiſijſiſſ(i; I52 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. like to the Sc7ra/l, of which we ſhall ſpeake afterwardſ, differing fromit in noghing excep; in going backward and forward; and thiſ iſ all that they can bring againſt the opinion of the Auncientſ, whom I will not ſtand to confute, but leaue the Reader to belecuicone or other :for it ſhall not bring to mce any great diſidiiantage , except the loſſe of hiſ newe Engliſh name, for T have dealt faithfully with the Readerin ſertingdowne the opinion of both ſideſ, and if I deefaylein a fit name, yer will Inotſwarue ftom the beſt deſcription ofhiſ nature: IQ } " * SNXR The whole proportion of hiſ body iſ of equall magnitude or greatheſ, and the two ex. tremitieſ doe anſwer the middle. Hiſ eyeſare for themoſt part ſhut,the colour like carch, not black@}but tending to blackneſ, the ſkinne rough—and hard, and ſet oner with dinerſ id ſporſ: all which propetrieſ, or rather partſ, are thuſ deſcribed by Mzeapder: | _ Cuinſ perpetua eſt tecum caligine limen, Lnod lataſ vtring genaſporreita J, menta, Terrenſ eSt illſ color et denſiſſima pelliſ Plurima quam varij diitinct am [ignafigurant, Pluſ algiſ alto ſerpentibuſ aggere temndat : In Engliſh thuſ ; gorl Whoſe eye iſ enervoyde of light, becauſe ſ Two cheekeſ both broade & ſtanding vpit hideſ, The colour earth, thicke Skinne , with ſpotſ in roweſ, Then other Serpentſ with greater buike it glideſ. to Solinuſ Polihiſtor affrmeth,that they ingender and bring eggeſ forth of the tnouth;that iſ; eut of that mouth which iſ toward the tayle, if there be any ſuch. There iſ no ſerpent that doth more boldly aduenture to indure the colde then thiſ doth, forit commeth out of hiſ denne not onely before other Serpentſ; but alſo before the Cuckoe ſing, or the Graſhop— per commeth forth. They are exceeding carefull of theyr eggeſ,and therefore ſildome de— part from them yotill they be hatched, whereby alſo may be colleSed their greatloue to their young oneſ. And further, by their forward and timely comming out of their holeſ, 54 Greninuſ maketh a good obſcruation, that theyr temperament or conſtitution , iſ more — hote then atly other Serpent. The Grzcianſ haue all obſerued, that thiſ kind of Serpent iſ hard to be killed , except with a Vine—branch, which they ſay waſ demonſtrared by D/oniſiuſ , who becing turned by June into madneſ, one day falling faſt aflecpe, thiſ Serpentleaped vppon him & awa— ked him, whereat he becing angry, preſently killed it with a Vine—branch. Some haue af firmed, that a ſmall rodde or batte couered with the ſkinne of thiſ Serpent,and ſo layd be— ſide a man, driveth away all manner of venomouſ beaſteſ . A W ild—oliue—branch or ſprigge wrapped in thiſ ſkinne, doth cure the ſenceleſſe and benummed eſtate of the ſi— neweſ, and alſo iſ good for many thingeſ, aſ Nicamder expreſſeth in theſe verſeſ. 40 Hec vhi iam crewit ,cedenteſ ligna colont Sectam deglabrant oleaStri exarbore virgam, Quale pedum, ftrictiſg,prehenſi pellibuſ Anguiſ : Inſect am obnoluunt, quaſ certiſ deinde diebuſ Exdrere ſinunt, cantanteſ ante cicadaſ Vriliſ hiſ bacaluſ frigentibuſ artubuſ efſe Fertur,vhi exanimiſ digitoſ corpedofatigat, Tunc quia conſtrittoſ, d& eorum vincula, nerwoſ f Calfacit immiſſofonet extendit G, calore. 39 VY hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; When thiſ iſ growne, the Peaſantſ cutting wood, Doe peele a branch taken from Oliue—wilde, A foote in length, of {trained Smnakeſ—Skinne good, Rowling it vp herein , till dayeſ fulfild, o An Of the Dragon. And let it dry before Graſbopperſ greene : Thuſ made , iſ good for ſzſifln/Zs toſilgd, E Or numencd fingerſ, whoſe force hath beene E ciacn IZ} lnſiſſctb ex(mdin% what cold band did hold. ) at come by the byting or ſtinging of thi c ſmall, anc_i ſcarcely to be diſcerned Þ(]mtvſi;ardly ,gyc?the[:l:cl:icsifzilpc:rtlftxſi:rzotlll(;ſiv%:ct;f L}Tl: at thoſe which enſue the bytingſ of Viperſ, namely, inflamation, & a lingerin :ieafh 'Fl:o cure therefore muſt be Fhſie ſame which iſ applyed yvnto the ſting of Viperſ. Agnd J ctuli a ly I finde not any medicine ſeruing for the cure of thiſ poyſon alone , exce tthz & h all; 10 Pliny ſpeaketh of, namely Coriander drunke by the patient, or layd toſichc ſo*:e BVIEES It iſ reported by Ga/lew and. Grewinwſ, that if a woman with childe doe chaſi;nce to goi oucr one oftheſe Douþle-headed-ſcrpencs dead, fhee ſhall ſuffer abortment, and yet t%ia: they may keepe them in their pocketſ alive without danger in boxeſ. Thc,rcaſoz ofthiſ ;s glucnfi)y Grectui:cul:s, becauſe of the v:gvo}x:re afſending from the dead ſerpent, by a ſecrete ntypathy againſt humane nature,. whi ilde i y Andpchusym%ch ra , whic ſuffgcatcth the childe in the motherſ woſ\nbcſi OF THE DRAGON. —=——— Mong all the kindeſ of Scrpen'tsſi, there iſ nbnſicſſcotnparablc i to the Dragon, or that affordeth and yeeldeth fomuch plen— tiſullmarter in hiſtory for the ample; diſconery of themature thereof : and thereforcheerein I muſt borrow miore time fro the reſidue, then peraduenturethe Reader would be willing || to ſpare from reading the particuler ſtoryeſ of many other. But ſuch iſ the neceſſity heereofothat I can omi* nothing ma— king to the purpoſe, eyther for the nature or. morality of thiſ 2 STF 3 } Serpent therefore I will ſtrine to make the deſcription plea— Se a rot| ſant,witil variable hiſtory,ſcceing I may not auoyd the length keereo5, that ſo the ſweetneſ of the one, (if my penne couldfo exprefſſe it) may counter, uaile the tediouſneſ of the other. The Hebreweſ call it Thaniz,and Woalphinſ tranſlatech Oach a Dragon, in hiſ Commen— ' E S 3 ſſ tarieſ 153 54 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ.. tarieſ vpon Nehemiah.The Chaldeeſ call it Dgrkop, and it ſcemeth that the Greeke word Dracon iſ derinued ofthe Chaldee. W' e reade of. Albediſimen or Ahedyſiman for akind ſiof Dragon, and alſo A/þatraf, and Handen, Hiren carnem} and ſuch other termeſ , that may be referred to thiſ place. The Grzecianſ at thiſ day callit Drakoſ , the Germanſ, Tſctct)[, Lindtwarm, the French;, Vn Dragon, the Italianſ, Drago and Dragene. The derination of the Greeke word, beſide the coniedture afore expreſſed, ſome thinke to be derined from Perkein, becaulte oftheir vigilant cyc—ſight, and therfore it iſ fayned that they had the cu— ſtody not onely of the Golden—fleece,but alſo ofmany other trcaſureſ. And among other thingſ, Alc/atuſ hath an Emblem ofthcit vigilancy ſtanding by an vamarried virginſ Pera hac effigieſ innuptic eit Paladiſ : cinſ ' Hic Draco, qui doming conffitit ante pedeſ, Cur Dine comeſ hoc animal? cuſtodiarerum Huic data, ſic Incoſ ſacrague templa colit. Innuptaſ opuſ eit cura aſſernare puellaſ Pervigili : laqueoſ vndique tendit amor.. W hich may be engliſhed thuſ; — ____ Thiſ Dragon great which Lady pallaſ ſtandſ before, Iſ the true pilture of vnmarried maydeſ : But why a conſort to the Goddeſſe iſ thiſ ? and more iſ Then other beaſtſ more meeke, who nenwer fadeſ ? Becauſe the (afegard of all thingſ belongſ to thiſ, . Wherefere hiſ houſe in Groneſ and ſacred Templeſ ſet, Vnmarried maideſ of guardeſ muſt newer miſſe, Which watchfull are to anoyde loueſ ſnareſ and nette. For thiſ cauſe the Egyptianſ did picture Serrap#ſ their God with three headſ, that iſ to ſay, of a Lyon in the middle, on the right hand a meeke fauning dogge , and on theleft hand a raucning W olfe, all which formeſ are ioyned together by the winding bodic of a Dragon, turning hiſ head to the right hand of hiſ God ; which three headſ are interpre— 38 ted to ſignifie three timeſ ; that iſ to ſay, by the Lyon , the preſent time, by the Wolfe, the time paſt, and by the fauning dogge, the time to come, all which are garded by the vi— gilancie of the Dragon. For thiſ cauſe alſo among the fixed ſtarreſ of the North, there iſ one called Draco, a dragon, all of them ending thcir courſe with the Sunne and. Moone, and they are in thiſ Spheare called by Aſtronometſ the InterſeGionſ of the Circleſ , the ſuperiour of theſe aſcending, iſ called the head of the Dragon , and the inferiour deſcen— ding, iſ called the tayle ofthe Dragon. And ſome thinke that G O D in the 38. of Iob,by the word Gpaiſh, meaneth thiſ ſigne or Conſtellation. To conclude, the auncient Romanſ (aſ Zegerieſ writeth) carried in all their bandſ the Eſcutchion of a Dragon, to ſignific their fortitude and vigilancie , which were borne vp 46 by certainemen called for that purpoſe Dracenazri/. And therefore when ComFantinſ the Emperour entered into the Citty of Rome, hiſ Souldierſ are ſaid to beare vppe vppon the toppeſ of their ſpeareſ, dragonſ gaping with wide moutheſ, and made faſt with golden chaineſ and pearle, the wind whiſtling in their throateſ; aſ if they had beenc aliue, threat= ning deſtruction, and theyr tayleſ hanging looſcin the ayre; were likewiſe by the vyinde toſled to and fro, aſ though they ſtrouc'to come off fromi the ſpeareſ, but when the wind waſ layd, allthecyr motion waſ ended, where—vpon the Poct ſaith ;—_ _ Manſueſtunt varij vento ceſſinte Draconeſ. In Eogliſh thuſ ; ! When whiltling winde'in ayer teaſt, The Dragonſ tamed, then did reſt. 50 The tale alſo of the Golden—fleece, ifit be worth any place in thiſ ſtoric , deſeruethto "beinſerted heere, aſ it iſ reported by Dindoruſ Siculuſ. When Aeteſ raigued in Pontuſ jhc recciued Of the Dragom, > iz5 receiued an aunſwere from the Oracle, that hee ſhould then dye when ſtrangerſ hould come thether with ſhippeſ and fetch away the Gol—den—fleece. Vpon which occaſion hee ſhewed hin_)ſ_elfc to be of a crucu nature, for he did not onely make Proclamation thathe— . would ſacrifice all ſtrangerſ which came within hiſ dominionſ, but did alſo performe the ſame, thatby thefame and report of ſuch crucltic, he might terrifie all other Nationſ £5 hauing accefſe vnito that Temple. Not contented hecre—with , hee raiſed a great—ſtrong yvallround about the Temple wherein—the Fleece waſ kept , and cauſed a fure warch or guarde to attend the ſame day & night, of whom the Grzetianſ tell many ſtrangefableſ. __ Forthey ſay there were Bullſ breathing out fixe, and a Dragon warding the Temple and 10 defending the Fleece, but the truth iſ that theſe warchmen becauſe oftheir ſtrength were called Builſ, becauſe of their ctuclty, were ſaid to breathe out fire, and becauſe of their vi— gilancic, crueltie, ſtrength and terrour, to be dragonſ. Some affirme againe, that in the Gardenſ of Aeſperideſ in Libia , there were golden _ Appleſ, which were kept by a terrible Dragon , which dragon waſ afterward flaine by © Herculeſ, and the Appleſ taken away by him, & ſo brought to Ewryſhrenſ. Otherſ affirme ___ that Zeſperideſ had certaine flockſ of ſhcepe, the colour of whoſe woll waſlike gold , and they were kept by a valiant Sheepheard called Dzac2; but I rather agree with So/izmſ,who _ giveth a more true reaſon ofthiſ fable, Ne ferze licentia vulneretur fideſ lcaſt (aſ he ſaith} ___ faych and truth ſhould receine a diſgrace or wound by the lauiſhreport of fame. There 40 waſ among the Ze/Þerideſ a certaine winding Riner comming from the ſea, and including withinitthe compaſſe of that land which iſ called the Gardenſ of Heſperideſ, at one place whercef, the falling of the water broken by a Rocke, ſeemeth to be like the falling downe of Snakeſ, to them that ſtand a farre of, and from hence ariſeth all the occaſion of the fa— ble afore—ſaid. " _ | Indeed there waſ a ſtatuc of Zercaleſ, in the left hand wherofwere three Appleſ, which ſi he waſ ſaid to have obtained by the conqueſt of a dragon ,but that conqueſt of the dragon | did morrally ſignific hiſowne concupiſcence, whereby hee raigned oter three paſſionſ; _ that iſ to ſay , ouer hiſ wrath by patience, ouecr hiſ cupiditic byremperance , and ouer hiſ pleaſtreſ by labour & trauaile : which were three vertueſ farre more preciouſ then three | 39 golden Appleſ; But I will ſtay my courſe from proſecuting theſe morrall diſcourſeſ ofthe . dragon, and returneagaine to hiſ naturall hiſtory,fronywhich I haue ſomewhat too long —digreſſled; 5 " . | gTherc are diverſ ſortſ of Dragonſ, diſtinguiſhed partly by their Countrieſ, partlie by _ their quantitic and magnitude, and partly by the different forme of their externall parteſ There be Serpentſ in Arabia called Sizene, which haue wingeſ, becing aſ ſwift aſ horſeſ; running or flying at their owne pleaſure, and when they wound a man, hee dyeth before he feeleth paine. Oftheſe it iſ thought the Prophet E/2y ſpeaketh , chap. 13. ver. 22, Ser> penſ clanſabit in Templiſ voluptariſ * and for Serpentſ, the old T ranſlatorſ read Syreme,& ſ0 the Engliſh ſhould be, the Syrewe dragonſ ſhould ery in their Templeſ of pleaſure :and 40 the auncient diſtinGion waſ, Argui@ aquarum, Serpenteſ terrark, Draconeſ Templorii : that iſ to ſay, Snakeſ are ofthe water, Serpentſ of the earth, & Dragonſofthe Templeſ. And I thinke it waſ a iuſt indgementofGod; that theauncient Templeſ of the Heathen—Ido— laterſ were annoyed with dragonſ,that aſ the deuill waſ there worſhipped;ſpthere might be appearance ofhiſ perſon in the velic formeand nature of adragon. For God himlelfe in holy. Scripture, doch compare thedcuill vnto adragon, aſ Rewxe: 12. ver! 3.-And there —_Appeared another wonder in Heauen; for behold agreat Redde=dragon, hauing:7. headſ, — andtenne horneſ, and ſeauen crowneſ ypon hiſ head. ver/e 4 And hiſ rayle drewe the ! third part of the ſtarreſ of beaven, andicaſt them to the earth >and the dflragoſ{ ſtoode beſ fore the W omaniwhich waſ ready to be delivered ; to devoure her child when ſhccſſ.had o brought it forth: /ey/@5. So the brought forth aman—child,which ſhou}d rule al}ſiNAtlqns with a rodde ofyron.. And her Sotine waſ taken vp vnto God and to hiſ throne: Verſe & And the VW oman fledde into the VW ilderneſ, where ſhe hath a place prepared of God, thatthcy ſhould feede her there 1260. dayeſ, Veyſe7: And there waſ a battailein heaven, Michacliand hiſ Angelſ fought againſt the Dragon, and the Dragon fought and hiſ An+ f 5 ; 7 in heauen: gelſ. 74 erſe8:But they prenailed not,; neither waſ'theyr place found any morcin Ve:/ e E } 156 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Verſe 9. And the great Dragon that old Serpent called the deuill and Satan; waſ caſt on:) which deceineth all the world, he waſ euen caſt vnto the earth, and hiſ Angelſ were ca(i out with him. Yeſ/ſe 13. And when the dragon ſaw that he waſ caſt ynto the earth,he per— ſecured the V Voman which had brought forch a man—child : and ſo forth, aſ it followeth inthe Text. Where—vppon S. Axguſline writeth , Diaboluſ draco dicitur propter inſidiaſ, guia occulte inſidiatur +that iſ, the deuill iſ called a dragon becauſe of hiſ treachery, for he doth treachcroutſly ſet vpon men to deſtroy them. It waſ wont to be ſaid, becauſe dragonſ are the greateſt Serpentſ , that except a Ser. pent cate a ſerpent, he ſhall never be a dragon: for theyr opinion waſ, thatthey grew ſo great by devuouring otherſ of their kind ; and indeede in Ethiopia they grow to be thirtic yardeſ long, neither hane they any other name for thoſe dragonſ but Elephant—killerſ, & they line very long. E Oncſicrituſ writcth, that one Apoſ@/azeſ an Indian, did nouriſh two Serpentſ dragonſ, whereofone waſ ſixe andforty cubitſ long , and the other foureſcore; and for the more famouſ verification of the faQ,he waſ a vezy carneſt ſuter to Alexa@der the great,when he waſ in India to come and ſee them, but the King beeing afraid, refuſed. *_ The Chroniclerſ of the affayreſ of Chimſ doe write,chat in a certaine valley neere to the foote of the mountaine Pe/lexenſ, waſ a valley full of ſtraite tall T'rceſ, wherein waſ bred adragon of wonderfull magnitude or greatneſ, whoſe onely voyce or hiſſing, did terrific allthe Inhabitantſ of Chife, and therefore there waſ no man that durſt come nigh ynto 20 him, to conſider or to take a perfed view of hiſ quantitie, ſuſpecting onely hiſ preatneſſe by the loudeneſfe of hiſ voyce, vntillat length they knewe him betrer by a ſinguler acci. dent worthy ofeternall memory. Fot it hapned on a time that ſuch a violent wind did a— riſe, aſ did beate together all the T'reeſ in the wood, by which violent colliſion, thebran— cheſ fell to be on fite, and fo all the wood waſ butned ſuddainely, compaſſing in the dra. gon, whereby he had nomeaneſ to eſcape aliue, and ſo treeſ fell downe vpon him & but— ncd him. Afterward., when the fire had made the place bare of wood , the inhabitantſ might ſee the quantity of the dragon,forthey found dinerſ of hiſ boneſ & hiſ head, which were of ſuch vnuſualigreatneſ, aſ did ſufficiently confirme them in theit former opinion: and thuſ by diuine miracle waſ thiſ monſter conſumed,who nenuer any man durſt behold 36 beeing aliue, and the inhabitantſ,of the Country ſafely delinered from their inſt concei— ued feare. : It iſ alſo reported, that A/exapder among many other beaſteſ which hice ſaw in India, did there finde in a certainedenne a dragon ofſeauentic cubiteſ long , which the Indianſ accounted a ſacred beaſt, and therefore intreated Alexander to docit no barme. When it vtrered the voyce with full breath,;it rertified hiſ whole Armie : they could nevuer fee the proportion ofhiſ body, but onely the head, and by that they geſſed the quantivie of th whole body , for one of hiſ eyeſ in theirappearance ſeemed aſ great aſ a Macedonian buckler. Maxizouſ Tyrinſ writeth, that in the dayeſ of Alex@z@der ,chere waſ likewiſeſeene a dragon in India, aſ longaaſ fineroodeſof land arebroade, which iſ incredible. For hee 40 likewiſe ſaith , that the Indianſ did feede him euery day with: many feucrall Oxen and ſheepe. It may be that it waſ the ſameſpoken of before, which ſome ignorant men, and ſtich aſ weregitien to ſetteforcth fableſ, amplifiedbeyond meaſureand credite. VW hereaſ dragonſ are/bredde in Indiaand Afftica, the greateſt of all are in India, for in Ethiopia; Nubia, and Heſperia, thedragonſ arciconfined within the length of fiuecu— bitſ, & twenty cubitſ : for in the timeof Ewergereſ, there were threecbrought into Egypt one waſing cubitſ long,, which with great care waſ nouriſhed in the Temple of Eſcula— pinſ,the other two were ſeauen cubitſ long. Aboutthe place where once the Tower o Babell waſ builded, aredragonſ of grearquantitic, and vnder the EquinoGiall, aſ AT— phoruſ Calliftuſ writeth, there are Serpentſ aſ thicke aſ beameſ, in reſtimony wheroftheir 50 ſkinneſ hauc been brovight to Rome. And therefore itiſ nomatucll, although S. Aſ#/# writing vpon the 14.8. Plalimejdoth ſay., Draconiſ weagni@ quedani ſunt animantia 1901074 nen ſunt ſuper terram : dragonſare certaine great beaſtſ, and there are none greater vpoll , the earth. Neither iſ it to be thought incredible that the ſouldiourſ of Arttilinſ Reguluſ di kill a dragon ywhich waſ a hundred and. twenty foote long , or that the dragonſ 10 the ! — enncſ a lianuſ, a 0 y Of the Dragon. ty g;?tx:c: fczf\ Zfi\rc Þ:Z?cmlail;; ;Zldſig], ſh(ſ)ukl gr?w ſogreat that they can ſcarce moue the foreſ - che »*Aamyetthereforeto ſpeake of the dra in th i . ?}:-;Akſſ Z{;g\;giizr olf Ddc/;:nſibbdde.lv, ofrT{he Regionſ of the Ea%:]sc::] cif ſſſihſſſiſiiffiiffiz%fflſſ} 1 uely tothe peopleofRome,; becing fiſtic cubitſ longſ or of thoſe whi be Smmpſy in ſihc[ ?Ipſis,whlch are found in certairic.Caueſ ogf the Southſſſidcsg ofthehillſ Fov:h;z}:l?i: ied xZ ich hat lbeclnfc ſaid, ſhallſuffile for thequantitieand. Countrieſ of dragonſ.. Beſideſ t c*:lc are other kindeſ of dragonſ which I muſt ſpeake of in ordet'; and firſt of all of the Egſi oaurmo?I (cl:lragor;s, whl[clh iſ bred no where but in that Countty , becing tame, and of w golden— . 2 i t ii N, 3ſ }z',vri:cchgin thiſ \crcz)aſſſ);l:r\; vercforc a dt.:dlcſiſſcd 6 Actfiſſſſlſſſictſſct' ofvxſihgm Shorklt ANuneveridem et nigrem poſt diltavenena Drachonem —* wodſpice, quem patulafago Phabiaproleſ e | Ingelido pelinutrinit, culmine inxta yqonol u J Lerepelethudia quendam declinta valliſ, iln Engliſh thuſſ . ; 53 Eo > Aftektheſe venomſ now behold the dragen blacke and greene; il 0< —» Nexriſhed by Apolloſ ſonne vnder a Beechfull broade, ;1o ot Omtop of the cold Peluſ, aſ often hath beene ſcene, " 0 Oſ i:Le' @rctgo%i. herbeſ and poyſon, according to hiſ naturc, and never more cared for the habiration uf men, but reſted contented with a ſolitaty life, In the length of time itcame to paſſe that the boy grew to be a perfeC man; and the dragon alſo remained in the wood,% although abſentone from the other; yet mutually loving aſ well aſ euer, It hapned that thiſ young man crauelled through that place where the dragon waſ lodged, and fellamong thecueſ, when the young man ſaw their ſwordſ about hiſ eateſ , he eryed out, & the dragonſ den becing notfarreoff, hiſ ery tame to the dragonſ eareſ, who inſtantly kſſnſioſſw}ng the voyce ofhiſ play—fellow, anſwered the ſame with another, at whoſe hyſſing the thecueſ grew a— fraid, and began to runne away, but their leggeſ could not carry them ſo faſt, aſ to eſcape the dragonſ teeth and claweſ ; for he came ſpeedily to releaſe hiſ friend, & all the theenueſ that he could find, he put to cruell deach, the did he accompany hiſfriend out of the pliace of perrill, and returned backe againe to hiſ den, neither remembeting wrach, for that hee waſ expoſed to the Wiilderneſſe , and there left by hiſ play—fellow, nor yet like pcrugrfi:ct men, forſaking their olde friend in danger. e They that deſire to reade more of thiſ ſubic&, ſhall finde ſtore of exampleſ in Eliannſ hiſ ſixt and thirteene bookeſ. To conclude, when Meſſalina the wife of Clandiuſ,did ſend certaine men to take away the life of Negzo, who waſ a rivallof Britanicwſ , it iſ ſaide, that when they had him in their handſ to ſtrangle him, a dragon appeared out of the earth, or floore of the chamber; and did ſo terrific theſe hangmen, that they raniie away & ſpared: ANeroſ life. By which example, another example ofpictic in dragonſ iſ obſerued. Againe, Telephuſ ignorantly lying with hiſ mother,had committed inceſt with her,had not a dragon by divuine prouidence come and parted them aſunder : therefore Dravomi /ſ— aniliſ eit virtuſ indagatrix, que diligenter ommnia perſerutatur, rimatur Gſindiociſſime ſ the vertue of diſcretion or perfit knowledge, iſ like a dragon , which diligently ſearcheth all thingeſ, and ſtudiouſly looketh into every chinck : ſo did thiſ dragon preſerue the chaſti— tie of the mother and the ſonne, when they ignorantly and in the darke had defiled each other; but for hiſ appearance and demonſtration. I willadde but thiſ one example more oftheir loue of chaſtitic in men and women; priatie In Lewizium there waſ a great holy wood, neere vnto which ſtood a Temple of iymp; in that wood there waſ a great deepe denne of a dragon, vnto the which dragon the Vit— ginſ came cuery yeere beeing blind—folded with cloutſ, and carrying Matchpaneſ in their handſ.;: W hen they entred the wood, there waſ a eertaine ſpirit (aſ it waſ ſaid) without offence did leade themi to the denne of the dragon, and ſo euery one of the virginſ did ſe— uerally offer vp their Marchpaneſ to the dragon : the dragon receined the Marchpaneat the hand of eucty pure virgine and vnſpotted, but if they wete defiled, and held oncly the name of Virginſ, then the dragon refuſed the Mz_tr'chpanc , and thcrqfo_re chf:y wereall examined at their comming forth, that thoſe which had loſt their virginity might be pit, niſhed by the Law. And by thiſ ſtory, (although none biir Heathenſ will belecue it to be true, becauſe it iſ a fable, mecrely inuented to defend Idolatry, which with my ſoule and | ſpirit I doc deteſt} yet I may collet thuſ much aſ a motrall out of fable , that dragonſ in auncient time, did honour virginity. And thuſ ſeeing they neither loue , nor are bcloucc! of any other creature, I will hecre leauſe to talke of their loue andfiiendſhip , and paſleon to their hatred and aducerſarieſ. . _ . Wely Sagehy, ; Theexampleſ before expteſſed becing all exttaordinary & befide nature, do not con— tlude but that thete iſ an ordinary hatred betwixt men and dragonſ, and therefore in thc diſcourſe oftheir encinieſ, men muſt haue the firſt place, aſ their moſt worthy aducrſarieſ for both dragonſ haue perriſhed by men, and men by dragonſ , aſ may appeare by theſe ſtoricſ following. VV hen the Region of Zelue#i@ beganne firſt to be purged frſſonz noy— fome beaſtſ,chere waſ a horribledragon found neere a Country towne called Wilſer,who did deſtroy all men and beaſteſ that came within hiſ danger in the time of hiſ hunger ,in— ſomuch that that Towne and the fieldſ there—to adioyning, waſ called Dedwiler, that iſ, . a Village of the Wildetneſ, for all the peopleand inhabitantſ, had forſaken the ſime, Sc fledde to otherſ placeſ. he +— e a 2 ſ There waſ a Zmn ofthat Towne whoſe name waſ Winckelried:, who waſ baniſhed for ; Cedi i i \ t gaine to manſlaughter, thiſ man promiſed if he might hauc hiſ pardon, and be reſtored again ſ er Suctonita) Sphimpſiik. Set 166 T he Hiftory of Serpentſ. hiſ former inheritance; that he would combatwith that Dragon, and by Godſ helpe de. ſtroy him "which thing twaſ granted vnto him with great ioyfulneſ, VW herefore he waſ recalled home, and in the preſence of many people went foorth to fight with the dragon, whom he ſlew and ouercame, whereat for 1oy hee lifted vppe hiſ ſword imbrued in the dragonſ blood, in token of viGory , but the blood diſtilled downe from the ſwotd vppon hiſ body,, ind cauſed him inſtantly to fall downe dead. And thuſ thiſ noble Conguerour. aman worthy to be remembred in all ageſ & Nationſ, who had ſtrength ro kill the dra. gon becing aliue, yet hadino power to reſiſt the venome ofhiſ blood, he being dead; But had itnor beene that hiſ hand had beene before imbrewed in the blood of a man; 1 do not beleeue that the blood of a dragon could have fallen ſo heauy vppen him. But thiſ iſ the 1 indgement of G O D, eyther to puniſh murder in the ſame kind, or elſe to teach vſ, that we ſhould not reioyee in our owne mertitſ, leaſt God ſeeitand be anory . For out Saui— our Chrift forbade hiſ Diſcipleſ that they ſhould reioyce that the deuilſ were ſuble& yato them ; and therefore much leſſe may we poore creatureſ reloyce for oucr—comming men or beaſtſ. ! And yet one thing more iſ to bee conſidered in the death of thiſ mman , who waſ bani. ſhed for killing a man, and waſ pardoned for killing a dragon, and yer killed by the dra— gon after the dragon waſ ſlainc. Thuſ blood waſ the finne becauſeitbrought death;, and death againe brought blood to be the reuenger of the firſt , that the blood of man might be waſhed away with the blood of man; the blood ofa Serpentcomming betwixt. And go & *> thuſ I may truly ſay aſ the Chriſtian Poet ſaith in another caſe , Sapgrine ſue cremt, ſaw: edriſtorle guine finiſ ert aſ it grew, o ſhall it end in blood. J In the dayeſ of Phi/lp King of Mucedon, there waſ a way into a Mountaine of Arme. nia, ouct which the King had prayed, that neuer man might goe but he might dic : wher. fore Socrateſ, to tty the effeX of the Kingſ prayer , ſerte hiſ Opticke Philoſophicall glaſſe that he might ſee what waſ in that wily, and preſently hee perceiued two greatdragonſ, who comming out of their denneſ ; did infed all the ayre there—aboutſ with a peſtilent evaporation of their owne breath. Thiſ he declared to the King, who for the renocation of hiſ owne prayer, armed diuerſ men to goc out againſt them and kill them : who like— wiſe performed the ſaime, and ſo clecred the way from that annoyance. And thuſ weeſee 30 anotherſtory of dragonſ ſlaine by men. _#/ Heere—vnto may be added, how Herculeſ when he waſ a child and in hiſ cradle, ſlewe two Dragonſ, aſ Pindarnuſ relateth. And the Corcyreanſ did worſhip Diomedeſ for killing of a dragon: Donataſ aholy Biſhop in Germanic, finding a dragon to lye ſecrerly hid be— ſide a bridge.killing men, Oxen, Horſe, Sheepe, and Goateſ, he came boldly vnto him in the name of C#/##, and when the dragon opened hiſ mouth to devoutre him, the holy Bi— ſhop ſpetting into hiſ mouth killed him. W hen Oyphenſ waſ in hawking, and while hee intended hiſ ſport , ſuddainely a Dra— gon ſet vppon him, but hiſ hawking—ſpanielſ or doggeſ releaſed him of that danger, for they tore the dragon in peeceſ. Many ſuch other ſtorieſ I could relate , but I ſpare them 40 heere, becauſe I haue handled them in the beginhing of thiſ ſtoty : and ſo I paſſe ouer the ſlaughter of dragonſ by men, and come to the ſlaughter of men by dragonſ , which are breefely theſe that follow. ; Petruſ Damianuſ declateth of a certaine huſband—man, who tiſing early in the mornning and trauelling by the way ſide, ſaw a great dragon lyc ſtill vppon the earth without motr on, he becing weaty; thoughthim to be a trunck of ſome tree, whetrefore hee ſare downe vpon him, and the beaſt endured him a little while, but at the laſt hee turned hiſ head in anger, and ſwallowed him vp. After that the Griecianſ fained aſ though they woulc{ goe away from T'roy , and Sypor the Traytour waſ receiued by the Troyanſ into the Citue, there were two dragonſ which ſlew the ſonneſ of Lagcoon aſ they landed in the Iland 50 Porcy, Charibee and Chaltdne, which iſ thuſ deſcribed by pirg/, At ceminilapſu deluby a ad ſumma Draceneſ Effugiunt, ſaveg, petunt Tritonideſ arcem, Subpedibuſqne Dexelypeique ſuborbe teguntur : Tum } r Of the Dragon. E — Tumuerd tremefatta novuſ per pettor a cuniiiſ | 7 Inſinwat payor et ſeeluſ expendiſſemerentem, c Luvcoontaferunt, ſacrumſ qui cuſpide rebor priH — Laſerit. tc.. ** Whichmaybeengliſhed thuſ ; J ! ©*> 0 *'Tipa dragonſ flide, and to the toppe of Temple flie; Making their way vnto the fort of Tritonſ ſeirce, 5X * Vinder the Goddeſſefeete and ſhield,in circle downe theylie; What feare did mortall breaift poſſeſſe then cannot 1 rehearſe : — o For then Lacoon did beginune to thirke on ſformer ſin, When he did harme the ſacred tling by thruſting ſpeare within, About the Temple of Iypiter Nemenſ,there iſ a Groue of Cypreſſe treeſ, among which there iſ a place wherein a dragon did deſtroy Opbelzeſ, when hee waſ laid vnder a greene buſh by hiſ Nutſe. There iſ aproucrbe; 2o90ſ wivdſ vel 4 mure morder?, maliſ ne draconem denteſ andere admoliri : that iſ to ſay , euery mouſe will bite a good man, but euill men are not touched with the reeth of dragonſ. . Alciatuſ hath a pretty Emblem, whoſetitle iſ, Zx ardniſ perpetunm nomen , from diffi. cult thingſ and greatlaboutſ, ariſeth immortall fame : wherein he piGureth a dragon fol; 20 lowing young ſparroweſ to takeand eatethem. Hiſ verſeſ in Latine aretheſe : _ _— Crediderat platanivramiſ ſua pignor a paſſer. Et bene, niſ@eno viſa , dracone forent Glutift hic pulleſ omneſ, miſcramg, parentem Saxuſ& talt dignuſ obire mece. Hec, niſi mentitur Calchaſ, monimcnta laboriſ Supit longi, cuiuſfamaperenniſ cat. Which may be thuſ engliſhed ; a To plantine—leaneſ the Sparrow did her young conmtmit, 39 And ſafe enough , had not the Dragon them eſpied | Hee eate the young oneſ all, the dammewith ſouneſ deftrojde, Wellworthy ſuch a death, of life to be denied : Thiſ iſ by Calchaſ ſaid, a type of labour long, Whoſe fame eternalllineſ in enerytongue, There be certaine beaſtſ called Dracopzopideſ, very gteat and potent Serpentſ, vyhoſe faceſ are like to the faceſ of Virginſ , and the reſidue of their body like to dragonſ ſ It iſ thought that ſuch a one waſ the Serpent that deceined Exe, for Bedaſaith ithad a Virginſ countenaunce, and therfore the woman ſceing the likeneſ of her owneface,waſ the more 40 caſily drawne to belicue it : into the which when the deuill had entred, they ſay he _taughc it to couer the body with leaueſ,and to ſhew nothing but the hcad and ſacc: But thiſ fab{e iſ not worthy to be refuted, becauſe the Scripture it ſelfe dooth dire&ly gaine—ſay eucrie part of it. For firſt of all it iſ called a Serpent, and if it bad beene a dragon , Moſeſ yyould hauc ſaid ſo, and therefore for ordinary puniſhment, God dothappoint it to creepe vpon the belly, wherefore it iſ not likely that it had either wingeſ or feete. Secondly, it waſ vn— poſſiblec and vnlikely, that any part of the body waſ coucred or conceited from the ſight of the woman, ſecing ſhe knew it direcly to be a Serpent, aſ afterward ſhee confeſſed be— fore G O D and her huſband. 5 ſ f 5 There be alſo gertaine little dragonſ called in Arabia,/e/gſ, and in Catalonta,dragonſ "10 of houſeſ, theſe when they bite,leaue their teeth behind them ,ſo aſ the wound neuer cea— ſeth ſwellin g aſ long aſ the teeth remaine therein, and therefore for the better cure there— of, the tecth are drawne forth, and ſo the wound willſoone be healed. And thuſ much for the hatred betwixt men and dragonſ, now we will proceedeto other creatureſ. The greateſt diſcord iſ betwixt the Eagle and the Dragon, for the Vultureſ , Eagleſ, Swanneſ and dragonſ, are enemieſ one to another. 'The Eagleſ when they ſhake theyr . wingſ, 168 The Hiftory of Serpentſ. wingeſ, make the dragonſ afraide with their ratling noyſe , then the dragon hidethhim, ſelfe within hiſ den, (o that he neuer fighteth but in the ayre, eyther when the Eaple hath taken away hiſ young oneſ, and he to recouer them flieth aloft after her , or elſe whe the Eagle mecteth him in her neſt, deſtroying her epgeſ and young oneſ : for the Eagle de uoureth the dragonſ and little Serpentſ vpon earth, and the dragonſ againe and Serpentſ doe the like againſt the Eagleſ in the ayre. Yea many timeſ the dragon attempteth to take away the prey out of the Eagleſ talantſ, both on the ground and in the 2yre, ſo that there atiſeth betwixt them a very hard and dangcrouſ fight, which iſ in thiſ manner deſcribed by Nicander. ſ 3 — Huncpetit inviſum magni Touiſ armiger hoſtem, Cumgue geniſ parat acre ſwiſ ex athere bellum : Paſcentem in ſiluiſ quane primaim videritillum, .Quod totoſ feruſ iſ nidoſ cum mitibuſ ouiſ, Et/imul ipſaterenſ et vaſtanſ pignora perdat. ANon timet hoſ ſerpenſ, imo quodamimpete dumiſ Profilienſ, ipſamgue, aquilam , leporemgue teneliumſ Ex trahit ex rapidiſ viſfraudeque fortior vnciſ. Cantamalum declinat aniſ, fit ibſ aſperapugna, Ve queat extortam viitor ſibitollerepr adam. SedfruStra elapſam, et volitanter hinc inde volucrenſ In/equitur, longoſ ſinuum contractuſ in orbeſ, Obliquogue lenanſ ſurſum ſwa lumina viſtſ Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; 5 > When aſ the Eagle, Ioneſ great bird, did ſce ber enemyſ Sharpe warre in th ayre with beake ſbe didprepare Gainſt Serpent feeding in the wood; after eſþy Canuſe it her eggeſ andyoung fiercely in peeceſ tfare. The Serpent not afraid of thiſ, leapeſ out of thorneſ With force vpon the Eagle, holding tender Hare, Out of her talaxtſ byfraude and force more ſtrong, That takeſ and ſnatcheſ deſpight her enemicſ feareſ But wary Bird anoydeſ the force, and ſo they fight amaine; That Vittor one of them might ioy the prey alone, The flying fowle by winding Snake iſ hunted allin vaine, Though vp and downe hiſ nimble eyeſ thiſ and that way be gone. In the next place we are to conſider the enmitic that iſ betwixt Dragonſ & Elephantſ, forſo great iſ tgcit hatred one to the other,that in Ethyopia the greateſt dragonſ haue no other name but Elephant—killerſ, Among the Indianſ alſo the ſame batred remaineth,2— gainſt whom the dragonſ haue many ſubtile inuentionſ : for beſideſ the great length of their bodieſ, where—withall they claſpe and begirt the body of the Elephant, continually byting of him yntill he fall downe dead, and in the which fall they arealſo bruzed to pee— ceſ ; for the ſafegard of themſclueſ they haue thiſ deuice. They get and hide themſclueſ in treeſ, couering their head, and letting the other part hang downe like a rope: in thoſe treeſ they watch vatill the Elephant come to eate and croppe of the brancheſ ; then ſud— dainly before he be aware, they leape into hiſ face, and digge out hiſ eyeſ, then doe they claſpe themſelueſ about hiſ necke, and with their tayleſ or hinder partſ, beate and vext the Elephant, votill they have made him breatheleſſe , for they ſtrangle him with theyr fore—partſ, aſ they beatethem with the hinder, ſo that in thiſ combat they both pertiſh : and thiſ iſ the diſpoſition of the dragon, that he never ſetteth ypon the Elephant,but with the aduantage of the place, and namely from ſome high treeor Rocke. Sometimeſ againe a multitude of dragonſ doc together obſerue the patheſ of the Ele— phantſ, and croſſe thoſe patheſ they tye together their taileſ aſ it were in knotſ , ſo that when the Elepharnit commeth along in them, they inſnare hiſ leggeſ, and ſinddainly leape vpp* 20 49 50 $ Of the Dragon. 169 —_ yppec to hiſ eyeſ, for that iſ the part they ayme at abouc all dther, which they ſpeedily pull out, and ſo not beeing able to doc him any more harme; the poore beaſt deliuereth him— ſeife from preſent death by hiſ owne ſtrength, and yer through hiſ blindneſſe receiued in that combaſſc, hee perriſheth by bunger, becauſe hee cannortchooſe hiſ meate by ſmelling; but by hiſ eyc—ſight. & There iſ no man living that iſ able to gine a ſufficient reaſon of thiſ contrariety in na— ture betwixt the Elephant & the Dragor 3 alhough many men haue laboured theit witſ, and ſtrayned their innentionſ to finde out the true canſeſ thereof, butali in vaine, except thiſ be one thatfolloweth. The Elephantſ blood iſ ſaide to be the coldeſt of all othcr Beaſtſ, and for thiſ cauſe it iſ thought by moſt W ritexſ, that the dragonſ in the Sommer time doe hide themiſelueſ in great plenty in the waterſ where the Elephant commeth to drinke; and then ſuddenly they leape vppe vppon hiſ careſ; becauſe thoſe placeſ cannot be defended with hiſ truncke, and there they hang faſt, and ſucke out all the blood of hiſ | body, vntill ſuch time aſ hee poore beaſt through faintneſſc fall downe and die; and :hſſ'c)ctrſi — becing drunke with hiſ blood , doe likewiſe perriſh in the fall. * Thic Grtyſffinſ are likewiſe ſaid to fight with the dragonſ and ouer—come thern ; The Panther alſo iſ an enemy vnto the Dragonſ , and driveth them many timeſ into theyt denneſ, There iſ a little bird called Caprilyſ , by eating of which the dragon refteſheth himſelfe. when he iſ wearied in hbunting of other beaſtſ. And to conclude, he iſ an enemy > vnto all kinde of Beaſteſ, both wilde and tame, aſ may appeare by theſe verſeſ of Lacam; where he ſaith ; — t e —» — Armentag, tota ſecuti, Rumpitiſ ingenteſ amplexi verbere Taureſ: . Nec tutuſ ſpacio eſt Elephaſ W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; , And following cloſe the Heardſin fielde, Great Bullſ with force of might, AndElephantſ are made to yeelde By dragonſ valiant ſprite. In the next place I will paſſe vnto the poyſon and veriomc of dragonſ , omitting all pocticall diſcourſeſ about the worſhipping and tranſmutation of dragonſ from one kind toanother , ſuch aſ are the haireſ of Oyphewſ , or the teech of the dragon which Cadmuſ flew, into Armed—men; and ſuch like fableſ, which have no ſhew nor apparance <_)f truth, but are onely the inuentionſ of men, to yviter thoſe thingſ in obſcure termeſ , which they wwere afraid to doe in plaine ſpeecheſ. _ Anmooce It iſ a queſtion whether dragonſ haue any yenom or poyſon in thenſ, for it iſ thoughcſſ thathe hurtech more by the wound of hiſ teeth,then by hiſ poyſoxȝ. Yerin Dcutcrogſi 23y . 40 Moſeſ ſpeaketh of them aſ if they had poyſon,ſaying : T heir wine iſ aſ the poyſon of dra» gonſ, and the erucll venomec of Aſpeſ. So alſo Heliodoruſ ſpeaketh of certaine weapong dipped in the poyſon of dragonſ: For which cauſe weeare to conſider, that thely Wanktlmg poyſon in themſelueſ, become yenomouſ two maner of wayeſ : Firſt by thc_p aſic w Ijr- in they line, for in the hoter Countrieſ they aremore apt to doe harme then in the colder ©| and more temperate; which cauſed the Poet in hiſ verſeſ to write ofthem in thiſ thantiey following 3 . aſ bin y mad ; | t Yoſ quod, qui cuntt iſ innoxinumina terriſ f Serpitiſ anrato nitidifulgore Draceneſ, . } Peitiferoſ ardenſfacit Affrica : Dacitiſ altune go . . Afra cumpenniſ.&c. P rernge: WW hich may be engliſhed in thiſ manner ; 5 You ſhining Dragonſ creeping on t(}e ear_th, \ Which frery Affrick yeeldeſ with ſkinne like goldi Yet peitilent by hote infeiting breath; Mounted with wingſ in th ayre we doe behela. . watched themrcarneſtly to finde the bootie they came for, and ſo they continued in theyr < labour yntillmid—nightor there aboutſ,taking nothing. At the laſt there came by them a The HEliſtory of Serpentſ. So that which iſ ſpoken of the poyſon of Dragonſ infeecting the 2yre wherein they liue, iſ to be vnderſtood of the Metcor called Draco volanſ,a Fite—drake, which doth m;. nice timeſ deſtroy the fruiteſ of the earth, ſeeming to be a certaine burning fire in the ayre ſomerime on the Sca, and ſometime on the Land, whereof I hauc heard thiſ credible ſioi tie from men of good worth and reputation, happening about ſome twelue yeereſ agor, vpon the VWeſterne—S exiguuſ no# noxia vulnera puniiuſ ( Quiceurodenteſ notin quagque obvia muriſ } E In fligit, modicum'tenui dat plaga cruorem., VV hich may be thuſ engliſhed ; . © . Nor yet he when with hiſ angry mouth — Doth byte, ſuch paineſ and tormentſ bringeth Aſ other Serpentſ, if Auncientſ tell the truth, When with hiſ teeth and ſpeare he ſlingeth : For aſ the holeſ which byting—myſe doe leane, Whenin the night they light vpon a prey, So ſmall are Dragonſ—bytſ which men receine, And harmeleſſe woundmakeſ blood to runne awa}. * Theitmouth iſ ſmall, and by teaſon thereof they cannot openit wide to byte deepe, ſo aſ their byting maketh no great paine ; and thoſekind of dragonſ which do principal— Kie fight with Eagleſ, are defended more with their rayleſ then with their teech ; but yer thereare ſome otherkind of dragonſ , whoſe teeth are like the teeth of Beareſ, byting deepe, and opening theyrmouth wide; where—withall they breake boneſ , and make ma— ny bruſeſ in the body, and the maleſ of thiſ kinde byte deeperthen the famaleſ, yet there followerh no great paine vpon the wound. —* "*The curchereofiſ like to the cure for the byting of any other beaſt wherin there iſ no wenome, and for thiſ cauſe there muſtbe nothing applyed there—vnto which cureth yeno— mouſ bytingſ, but rather ſuch thingſ aſ are ordinary in the cure of euery Vicer. The ſeede of graſſe, commonly called Hay—duſt , iſ preſcribed againſt the byting of . dragonſ. The Barble becing rubbed vppon the place where a Scorpion of the earth, a Spyder, a Sca or Land—dragon bytcth, doth perfeedtly cure the ſame. Alſo the heade of a dogge or dragon which hath bytten any one, becing cutte offand fleyed , and applyed to the wound with a little Exphorbinm, iſ ſaid to cure the wound ſpeedily, And if Albediſimon be the ſime that iſ a dragon, then according to the opinion of A— nicen,the cure of it muſt be very preſent, aſ in the cure of Vicerſ. And if Alhatraf & Ham— 20 30 dem be of the kind of dragonſ, then after theyr byting there followeth great coldneſand 40 ſupiditic ; and the cure thereof muſt be the ſame meaneſ which iſ obſcrued in coldepoy: fonſ. For which cauſe, the wound or place bitten , muſt be embrewed or waſhed with luke—warme Vineger, and emplaiſtered with the leaucſ of Bay, annoynted with the oyle of herbe—Aary, and the oyle of Wiilde—pellitory, or ſuch thingſ aſ are drawne out ofthoſe oyleſ, wherein iſ the vertue of Netrleſ, or Sea—Onyonſ. But thoſe thingeſ which are given vato the patient to drinke,muſt be the inyce ofBay— leaucſ in Vineger, orelſe cquall portionſ of Myrrhe, Pepper, and Rewe in Wine, the powder or duſt whereof,muſt be the full vveight of a golden—groat,,or aſ we ſay,2a French: Crovyne. In the next place,for the concluſion of the hiſtory of the dragon,we will take our fare— well of him in the recitall of hiſ medicinall vertneſ, which are bricfely theſe that follow: Fitſt, the fatte of a Dragon dryed in the ſunne, iſ good againſt creeping Vicerſ : and the ſame mingled with Hony and Oyle , helpeth the dimneſſe of the eyeſ at the beginning: 'The head of a dragon keepeth one from looking a ſquint : and if it be ſette vp at the gateſ and doreſ, it hath beene thought in auncient rime to be very fortumate to the ſincere wol— ſhipperſ 50 I TT TT ET TT — rour of night—viſionſ and appariſionſ. Of the Dragon. % ſhipperſ of GO D. The cyeſ becing kept till they be ſtale, and afterwardſ beate into an — Oyle with Hony and made into an oyntment, keepe any one that vſeth it from the ter. The fatte of a Hart in the ſkinne of a Roe, bound with the nerueſ of a Hatt ynto the ſhoulder, waſ thought to hane a yertne to fore—ſhew the indgement of viGorieſ to come. The firſt ſpindle by bearing of it, procureth an caſie paſſage for the pacification ofhigher powerſ. Hiſ teecth bound ynto the fecte of a Roc, with the nerueſ of a Hart, haue thcſ?zmc power. But of all orher, there iſ no folly comparable to the compoſition which the Maz givianſ draw out of a dragon to make one inyincible, and that iſ thiſ. They take the head xo and tayle of a dragon, with the hayreſ out of the fore—head of a Lyon, and the marrow of 20 :30 40 igo a Lyon, the ſpume or white mouthof a conquering horſe, bound vppe in a Hartſ—5kinne, together with a clawe of a dogge, and faſtned with the croſſe nerueſ or ſinew of a Hart, or of a Roc ; they ſay that thiſ hath aſ much power to make one invincible , aſ hath anie medicine or remedy whatſocuer. The fatte of dragonſ iſ of ſuch vertue that it driveth away venomouſ beaſteſ, It iſ al— ſo reported, that by the tongue or gall of a dragon ſodde in wine, men are delinered from the ſpiritſ of the night, called Z/cwbz and Sucenbi, or elſe Night—mareſ . But aboue all o— ther partſ, the vſe of theyr blood iſ accounted moſtnotable. But whether the Cypmaþbariſ be the ſame which iſ made of the blood of the dragonſ and Elephantſ, colleced from the earth when the dragon and the Elephant fall downe dead together , according aſ Pliny delivereth, I will not heere diſpute, ſeeing it iſ already done in the ſtoxry of the Elephant: neither will I write any more ofthiſ maiter in thiſ place, but onely referre the Reader vn= to that which hee ſhall finde written thereof in the hiſtoty of our former booke of Foureſ footed—beaſteſ. — And if that ſatiſfie him not, let him read Langinſ inthe fitſt booke of hiſ Epiſtleſ, and ſixtie—fiue Epiſtle, where that learned man doth abundantly ſatiſfic all men concerning thiſ queſtion, that are ſtudiouſ ofthetruch, and nov prone to. contention . Andto con— clude, Andreaſ Baluacenſiſ writeth, that the Blood.ſtone, called the Hematite, iſ made of the dragonſ blood : and thuſ I will conclude the hiſtory of the dragon , with thiſ ſtorie following out of Poyphyrime, concerning the good ſucceſſe which hath beene ſignified yvn; to men and. women, eyther by the dreameſ or ſight of dragonſ, Mammea the Mother of Alexander Senernſ the Emperout, the night before hiſ birth, dreamed that ſhe broughtforth a little dragon,ſo alſo did 0/yppia the Mother of Alexaz— der the great, and pPompoenya , the Mother of Scipio Affricanuſ. The like prodigie gaue Auguſtuſ hope that he ſhould be Emperor, For when hiſ mother Aez/a came in the night time vnto the Temple of Apo/lo, and had ſette downe her bedde or couch in the Temple among other Matronſ» ſuddainely ſhee fell afleepe, and in her ſleepe , ſhee dreamed that a dragon came to het, and claſped about her bodic, and ſo depatted without dooing her any harme. Afterwardſ the print of a dragon remained perpetually yvppon her bclly, ſ9 aſ ſhee neuer durſt any more be ſeene in any bath, — The Emperour Tybeyinſ Ceſar , had a dragon which hee daily fedde with hiſ owne handeſ, and nouriſhed like good fortune, at the laſt it happened that thiſ dragon waſ de— faced with the byting of Emmetſ , and the former beautie of hiſ body much obſcured : Wherefore the Emperour grewe greatly amazed thereat,& demaunding a reaſon there— of of the Wiiſemen,hce waſ by them admoniſhed to beware the inſurreGion of the common people. And thuſ with theſe ſtorieſ , repreſen— — _ ting good and cuill by the dragon, I willtake my leaue of thiſ good and E euill Serpent. Q,;— T OR 174 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ, OF THE DRYINE., 38 go@ad| Here be ſome that confound thiſ Serpent with the water—ſnake; — "I\ || and ſay it iſ none other then that which of auncient time vyaſ P Yi}|| called Z#druſ, for ſo long aſ they liue in the warer,they are called £9 SiQþ || Hidri, that iſ, Snakeſ of the water, but when once they come to 4{[ theland, they are called Che/idr# and Cherſydr:: but it iſ certaine SNl that the Chelidruſ, iſ different from the Cher/ſydrwſ, by the ſtrong W 9J| ſmell and ſauour which it carrieth with it whereſocuerit goeth, according to theſe verſeſ made of Frpbo the Pricſtin &gi/A Viperio generi et grauiter ſpirantibuſ Hydriſ Spargere qui ſommoſ cantug, manug, ſolebat. W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; — Who could by ſeng and hand bring into dendly ſleepe . 38 All kind of Viperſ, with Snakeſ [melling ſtrong and deepe. Which becing compared with that inſtrudGion which hee giveth to Shepheardſ, tea= ching them how to drive away the ſtrong—ſmelling—ſerpentſ from the foldeſ , hee calleth them Chelydri when he writech in thiſ manner. E Diſce et odoratanſ ſtabuliſ accendere Cedram Galbaniog, agitare graneſ nidore Chelydroſ. That iſ to ſay in Engliſh thuſ ; Learne how to drive away ſtrong ſmelling Cheliderſ 47 From foldſ, by Galbanum and [anourie Cedarſ. . So that it iſ elecre that theſe Dryineſ ate the ſame which are called Chc/yd, ywho doe ſtincke on the face of the earth, whereby they are oftentimeſ diſcloſed although they be not leene : howbeit,ſome thinke that thiſ filthy fauour doth norproceedc from any fume or ſmoake comming out of their bodieſ, but rather from their motion , according to the opinion of AMrcer in theſe following verſeſ. Sew terga ex pirant ſpumantia Viruſ Sen terra fumat quatcter labitur Anguiz. a . to Which may be engliſhed in thiſ manner ; Whether their foming backſ that finch Doe fend abroade Juch poyſon peitilent, Orwhether th carthwhereon thiſ Snake fullfel Dothſ {Iyde yeeideſ that vnwholſome ſeent. I: Of the Dryine. It iſ ſayd thattheſe Dryineſ doe line in the bottome or tooteſ of Oakeſ, where they make their neſteſ, for which cauſe they be called Quercali, aſ ifthey were derivued from an Oakeſy which catrfed the Countrey—people to call it Dendrogailla, which ſignifieth the Male and Female in thiſ kind : being bred onely in one part of Affricke, and in Heliſpþont, and there be of them two kindſ, one of the lengthoftwo cubitſ, being very fat & round, and very ſharp ſcaleſ ouer the backe ; and they are called Drwine of Draſ, that ſignificth an Oake, becauſe they line in bottome of Oakeſ : & they are alſo called Chilydri, becauſe ofthecir ſharp ſkinineſ or ſcaleſ, for it iſ the manner of the Latinſ and the Greecianſ; to call the hard and rough ſkinne ofthe body of man and beaſt, by the name of Che/ſidra: and I 50 take the ſerpentſ Cy/pdzi,to be the ſame that the dryineſ be. W ithin the ſealeſ of thiſ ſer pent there arebred certaine Flyeſ with yellow wingeſ, aſ yellow aſ any Brafſe,cthe which Flyeſ at length do cate and deſtroy the ſerpent that breedeth them: The colout of theyr backe iſ blackiſh; and not white aſ ſome haue thought, and the ſauour or ſmell comming from them like to the ſmell of a Horſeſ hide, wet aſ it commeth out of the pit,.to be fhauen by the hand ofthe Tawyer or Gloucr . And 2ello»inſ writeth, thathe neuer ſaw any ſetſ pent greater then thiſ Dryine which hee calleth Dewdrozai//a, nor any that hiſſeth ſtronſ ger 5 for he affirmeth, that one of theſe prit into a ſacke,waſ more then a ſtrong Countty— man could carry two Mileſ togetherwithout ſerting it downe and reſting. Andlikewiſe he ſaith, that he ſaw a ſkinne ofone of theſe ſtuffed with hayre, which did equall in quan=» 40 tity the legge of a gtcatman . The head of thiſ beaſt iſ broad and flat, and O/anſ Magame? writeth, that many timeſ , and in many placeſ of the North , aboutthe beginning of ſumamer,theſe Serperitſ ate found in gteat companieſ vnder Oakeſ , one of them beeing their head or Captaine,who iſknown by a white ereſtor comb on the top of hiſ ctowne, whorm all the reſiduc do follow , aſ the Beeſ doe their King and Captaine ; And theſe by the relation of old men are thought to beget a certaine ſtone, by their mutable breathing vpon ſome venomoiſ matter, found in the treeſ leaueſ, or earth where they abide : For they abide not onely in the rooteſ, but in the hollow bodicſ of the treeſ , and ſometimieſ for their meate and foode, they leaue their habitation , and diſcend into the Fenneſ and Marſheſ to hunt Froggeſ : and ifat any time they becaſſaulted with the Horſe—flye, they _ 30 inſtantly returne backe againe into theit former habitation ſ W hen they goevppon the —_— earth, they go direCly or ſtraight, for if they ſhould wind themſelueſ to run, they would | ___ make an offenſiue neyſe, or rather yeeld a more offenſiue ſmell : according to theſe verſeſ | ofthe Pocr Leucanm ; 175 eAtind, Natrix & ambigue colerct qui ſprtidoſ arua Cherſidroſ, traitig,viafumante Chellidri : InEogliſh thuſ E — The Snake which haunt the dowbifull Syrteſ ſandſ; } And Chelyderſ by ſlyding fume on landſ: i 0 . : » ; a & iicarny & Georginſ Fabriciuſ wtiteth, that he ſave in the Temple of Bacchuſ at Romie, acompany of driiken men dancing, leading a male Goat for ſacrifice,hauing Snakeſ in their mouths,ſi- which Snakeſ Pradentiuſ the Chiriſtian Poct calleth Che//idri,that iſ Dryineſ in theſe yer< feſ following ſ — Baccho caper ommibuſ ariſ . Creditur, G virideſ diſcindunt ore Chtffljdr_u'k, a >. Oui Bromiumplacare volunt, .quod_tt tb?-za famſ tfume t Ante occuloſyegiſ Satyrorumſinſania fecit. go InEngliſh thuſ : bn 3 A Goat to Bacchuſ on eneryalter lyeſ,; While acrificerſ teare Dryineſ in peeceſ ſmall | By force of teeth, and that before the eyeſ Of Satyreſ King, mad—drunke they fall: 176 7T he HIiſtory of Serpentſ. The nature of thiſ Serpent iſ very veremouſ and hot, and therefore itiſ worchily pla. ced among the firſt degree or ranke of Serpenteſ, for the ſmell thereof dooth ſo ſtupifica man, aſ it doth near ſtrangle him, for nature refuſech to breath,rather the to draw in ſuch afilthy ayre. And ſo peſtilent iſ the nature of thiſ beaſt, that it maketh the ſkin ofthe þo, dy of aman hurt by it,looſe, ſtinking, and rotten : the eyeſ to be blind and fullof paine i; reſtraineth the vtine, and if itcome vpon a man ſlecping , it cauſeth often neezing', and maketh to vomit bloudy matter. Ifa man tread vpon it at vnawareſ, although it neither ſting nor bite him, yet it cauſeth hiſ Leggeſ to ſwell , and hiſ foore to looſe the Skinne thereof : and that which iſ more ſtrange, it iſ reported , that when a Phyſition cured the hand ofone bitten by thiſ Serpent, the ſkinne of hiſ hand alſo came off , and whoſoener killeth one of theſe, ifonce he ſmell the ſauout of it, whatſocuer he ſmelleth afterwardeſ, he ſtill thinketh it ſmelleth ofthe Dryineſ And therefore moſt peſtilent muſt thiſ Serpent ncedſ be, which killeth both by touching and ſmelling. W hen it hath wounded or bitten, there followeth a blacke or redde ſwelling about the fore, alſo a vehement pain ouer all the body through the ſpeedy diſperſing of thepoy. ſon; alſo PuS&uleſ or little W healeſ, madneſ,drinefſe of the body , and intollerable thirſt, trembling and mortification of the memberſ wounded, whereof many dye. Thecnre iſ , like to the cure of Viperſ, and beſideſ it iſ good to rake Hart—wort drunke in Wine, or Triffolly, or the rooteſ of Daffadill . Acorneſ of allkind of Oakeſ, are profitable againſt thiſ poyſon, being beaten to powder and drunke. And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for thiſ Ser— J pent. ? a © _OF THE SERPENTS CALLED E — Elephantſ. Here be alſo Serpentſ called Elephantſ, becauſe whomſoeuerthey bite, they infe& with a kind of a leproſie, and I know not whether the Serpent Elypſ, Elopiſ, and La— phiati be the fame, but becauſe I find no matter worthy in them to be ſpoken of, and they are ſtrangerſ in our Countty, the Reader muſt bee contented with their barenameſ 30 withom further deſcription. E TT OF FROGGES. 49 88 ]) Roggeſ are called bythe Hebreweſ Z2b, Zephardea, Vrieana, & Vrdea Akruka, & Maſkar.By the Atrabianſ Hardun, Difdah, Diſ— | phoa, Difdapha, Altahaul . By the Greecianſ Batrachoſ: whereof 50 | commerh the corrmpted word Brackataſ, and Garazum. Lalageſ ar_1d Remberoic, ſignificth grcene Froggeſ.The Italianſ and Spa— JÞr|' niardſ call it Rem2, by 'the Latine word." The Erench Grenouiſte. k 2\| The Germanſ F/oſch;and r: oſche, and Graſſfroſch, for a greene o \ſi- 5P5 7rofche, and Graſſfroſch, Yor a GLCC —-—-] Frog. The Flemmingſ yyo/ch, and Prueſch, and Pinit. The IIli— 5 — fianſ Of the Frogge, rianſ & Polenianſ Z252, by a word detitied from theHzbrew. whence the word Repſ iſ detined , & becauſe ofmuch controucrſie whether it hath recei— ued name,becauſe it lineth on the land & in the water, or fro the croaking voyce which it vſeth : I willnot troublethe Engliſh Reader with that diſcourſe, onely Eam Aſſured, that the word Frog in Engliſh; iſ derizedfrom:the German word Froſch, aſ many othct Eng— liſh wordeſ aredderiued beſideſ the common name ofmany Frogſ. Fomer in hiſ Com: medy of the fight betwixt Frogſ and Miſe called Batrachomiomachia; hath deviled many proper nameſ :for Frogſ; ſuch aſ theſeare; Lyninochariſ, Gracedic:, pelenſ,Duſt—liver : H7— dromedouſa, \[\ azer—hanirer: Phuſignathoſ, Navaze=ctyer : TDpſiboaſ, Loudctyer : Len. thaioſ, Lowe—liner : Poluphonoſ, great Labourer : Krambophagoſ, Braſile—eater : Lymneſioſ, Ititſome queſtion from Poole-kecpcry: Kalaminthioſ, Minz—eater : Hidrochariſ, VY ater=child : Borborokviteſ;noiſe— maker : Prafſaphogoſ, Graſſe—eater; Pelanſeaſ, duſtcreeper: Pelobateſ,duſt—leaper : Kxamw— gaſtdes, drought—hater ? Praſſaioſ, Grafle—greene » and ſuch other like, according to the witty inuention of the Author, all which Ithoughtgood to name in thiſ place,aſ belong— ing to thiſ Hiſtory. bn: . In the nextplace wee are to conſider the diverſity and kindeſ of Froggeſ , aſ they are diſtinguiſhed by the place of thcir abode : for the gteateſt difference iſ drawn from thence; ſome of them therefore are Wiater—Froggeſ , and ſome are Froggeſ ofthe Land : the Wiater—Froggeſ line both in the water and on the Land, in Marſheſ; ſtanding—pooleſ, running ſtreameſ, and bankeſ of R yuerſ, but never in the Sea ; and thercfore Raſ Maritnk iſ to be vnderſtood of a Fiſh, and not a Frog) aſ Maſſ@ariuſ hathlearnedly prooucd agdinſt Marcelluſ.T he frogſ of the land are diſtinguiſhed by their liuingin gardenſ;inMeddowſ, in hollow Rockeſ, and among fruiteſ: all which ſenerall differenceſ ſhall be afferward ex— preſled, with their pi&vreſ in their dueplaceſ : here onely I purpoſe to talke of the vulgar and commbon ftogge, whoſe piſture with her young one iſ formerly expteſſed . Beſideſ theſe differ in gencration:forſome ofthemare engendered by carnall copulation, & ſome of the ſlime and rottenneſſe of the earth, Someare of a greene colour, and thoſe are eaſ ten io Germany and in Flanderſ ; ſome againe ate yellow, and ſome of an Aſhe—colout; + formme ſported, and ſome blacke, and in outward forme and faſhion they reſcemble a Toad, — 30 but yet they are without venome, and the female iſ alwaicſ greater then the male : when the Egyptianſ will ſignifie an impudent man, and yet one thathath a good quicke ſight, they picture a frogge, becauſe he liueth continually in the Mire;and hath no. bloud in hiſ body, but about hiſ eyeſ. » Thec tongue iſ proper to thiſ kinde, for the fore—part thereof cleatieth to themouth, aſ in a fiſh, and the hinder part to the throat, by which he ſendeth forth hiſ voyce : and thiſ iſ to bee vnderſtood, that allfroggeſ' are mute and drunke, except the greeneftogſ, and the frogſ of the W ater, for theſe haue voyceſ. And many timeſ the voyceſ of ftogſ pro— ccedeth from the nature of the Countteyeſ wherein they line : for"once all the froggeſ in dMacedonia and Cyrenia, were drunke, vntill there were ſome brought thither out of ſome — 49 other Countricſ, aſ at thiſ day the froggeſ of Seyiphaſ are all drunke, wherenppon came ___ the Provictb, Barrarhoſ eſ Seriphou, A frogge of Seriphmſ, becauſe the frogſ of that Coun— trey doe neuer croake, although you carty them into any other Country; Thiſ Serzphuſ iſ one of the Iſlandſ ofthe Sporadeſ in Gr_eece,wh;tcm iſ the Lake called Picrinſ, which doth not runne in the Summer, but onely in the winter , and all the frogſ which are caſt into thatlake, are perperually ſilent, and never viter their voyce ; whereof there are aſſigned two cauſeſ, one Fabwlowſ, and the other true and natuyall. The firſt, the Seriphianſ ſay , that when Perſeuſ revutned with the head of Medu/a, hauing gone very far till he waſ weary, layd him downe beſide tbat lake to fleep,but the croaking frogſ made ſuch a noyſe, aſ he could take no reſt: Whereat Pezſtw_vvas much oſſcn;]cd 5 and thc.re- fore prayed Impiter to forbid the frogſ from erying, who inſtantly heard hiſ prayer, & in— ioyned perpetuall ſilence to the frogſ in that water : and thiſ iſ the Fabnlonſ reaſon, being ameere fiGion of the Poctſ. | o 3 E a _ Theſecond and more truc reaſon iſ that of Thegphrai/@ſ, who ſaith, that for the coldſſ-, nefſe of the water : the frogſ are notable to cry in that place. The voyce offropgeſ iſ ſaid by the Latiniſtſ to bee Gorare, and by the Grzzcianſ Olelagon, peculiar wordſ to ſet foſitif; 7 , G + t 0 5 £$7.7 Ihe Hiſtory of Serpentſ. thiſ crying : now becauſe their tongue cleaueth to the pallet of theirmouth, and theyr voyce proceedeth but from their throatto theirmouth , and the ſpirit iſ hindered by the tongtie, ſo aſ itcannor proceed diredly ; therefore'it hath two bladderſ vppon either ſide ofthe mouth;—one which it fille:hwith wind, and from thence proceedeth the yvoyce, Now when it croaketh, it putteth hiſ head outofthe water, holdimg the neatherlip euen with the water, and the vpper lip aboue the water :and thiſ iſ the voyce of the male pro— uoking the femaleto.carnallcopulation. M They haue but very ſmalllungſ,&thoſe withont bloud,ful of froth like to al other erea. tureſ—of the water, which do lay eggeſ; and for thiſ cauſe they:do nener thirſt.: wherefore alſo Sea—calueſ and Froggeſ ate able to liue long —vader the Wiater. Theyhaue adouble 1, Liver, and a very ſmall Meſt; their Leggeſ behind.areJong , which maketh them apt to leape; before they are ſhorter, hauing deuided claweſ which are loyned together, with a thinne broad ſkinne, that maketh them more apt to ſwimme. T he moſt place of theit a— bode iſ in fenneſ, or in warme VW aterſ,or in fiſh=—pooleſ : but yellow and Aſhe—coloured frogſ abide inRiverſ, Lakeſ, and ſtanding pooleſ , but in the VW inter time they all hyde themſelueſ in the earth.. And therefore it iſ not true that P//#y faith, that in the V Vinter time they are reſolued into ſlyme, and in Summer they reſume againe their firſt bodyeſ, for they are to be ſcenemany timeſ in the winter 5 eſpecially in thoſe waterſ that are ne— uer frozen, aſ Agrecolaana Mathioluſ, hath ſoundly obſcrued, and they have beene ſeene ,in certainexunning ſtreameſ, holding ſimall fiſheſ in theit motthſ,aſ it were ſucking meat 20 out of them. Sometimeſ they enter into their holeſ in Autuimne, before winter , and in the ſpring time.come out againe. — W hen with their croaking voyceſ the Male prouoketh the ſe— mall to carnall copulatig, which he performethnorby the mouth(aſ ſome havuc thought) but by couctring her backe : the inſtrument of geneneration meeting in the hinder partſ, and thiſ they performe in the night ſeaſon, nature teaching themithe modeſty or ſhame— faſtneſſe of thiſ actiomſ And beſideſ, in that timethey haue moreſecurity to gine them. ſelucſ to mutuall imbraceſ, becauſe of a generall quierneſſe,for men and all other their ad— uerſarieſ are then at ſleepe and reſt.After their copulation in the waterſ, thereappeareth a thicke Ielly, out of which the young one iſ found . But the Land—froggeſ are ingende. 30 red out of Eggeſ, of whom wee diſcourſe at thiſ preſent ; and therefore they both ſuffer copulation, lay their eggeſ, and bring forch young oneſ on the land . Whenthe Egge breaketh or iſ hatched,there commeth forth a little black thing like a peece of fleſh, which the Latineſ call G7/#7, from the Greeke word Gj77rimeſ,hauing no viſible part of aliuing creature vpon them, beſideſ their eyeſ and their taileſ, and within ſhort ſpace aſter their feet are formed , and their taile deuided into tyyo partſ, which taile becommeth their hin. der Legſ : wherefore the Agyptianſ when they would deſcribe a man that cannotmoue himſelfe, and afterwardeſ recouereth hiſ motion , they decypher him by a frog, hauing hiſ hinder leggeſ. The headſ of theſe young G»7/7/,which we call in Engliſh Horſe—naileſ, becauſe they reſemble a Horſe—naile in their ſimilitude , whoſe head iſ great, and theo— 49 ther part ſmall, for with hiſ taile he ſwimmeth. After May they grow to haue feete, and if before that time they bee taken out of the water, they dyc, then they beginne to haue foure feete. ) And firſt ofall they are of a blacke colout and round, and heereofcame the Prouctbe, Rana Gyrina ſapientior ,wiſer then a Horſe—naile; becauſe through the roudndneſſc and ro— lubility of hiſ body, it turneth it ſelfe with wonderfull celerity, which way ſocuer it plefl_- ſeth. Theſe young oneſ are alſo called by the Grzecianſ Moluzide, Brutichoi, and Bzszcht- de, but the Latineſ hane no name for it, except Rapynonlnſ, or Rawa Naſcenſ. And it iſ to be remembred, that one frogge layeth an innumerable company of Eggeſ, which cleaur together in the water, in the middle whereof ſhe her ſelfelodgeth . And thuſ much may go ſuffice for the ordinary procreation offtoggeſ by generation out of Eggeſ . In the next place I muſt alſo ſhew how they are likewiſe ingendered out of the duſt of the earthby warme, xſtine, and Summer fheyverſ, whoſe life iſ ſhort, and there iſ no vſe ofthem. Aclianuſ ſaith, that aſ he trauailed out of /#2/y into Aapleſ, he ſaw diverſ froggeſ by the way neere Puteli, whoſe forecpart and head did mooue and creepe , buttheir hinder part — f ET ink wwaſ : Of the Frogge. waſ voformed, and like to the ſlyme ofthe earth, which cauſed OWA to write thuſ ; Semina limuſ habet virideſ generantia Ranaſ, Et genevat truncaſ pedibuſ & eodem corpore ſape Altera parſ vinit, rudiſ et parſ altera tehluſ . Thatiſ to ſay 5 Durt hath hiſ ſeede incvendring Frogſ full greene, Yet ſ0 aſ feetleſſe witheout Legſ on earth they lye, _ So aſ a wonder vnto Paſſengerſ iſ ſeene, 16 One part hath life, the other carth full dead iſ nye. And of theſe Frogſitiſ that P/ipywaſ to be vnderſtood , when he ſaith, that Frogſ in. the W inter time are reſolued into ſlyme, and in the Summer they reconer their life and ſubſtaunce againe . It iſ certaine alſo, that ſometimeitraineth frogſ , aſ may appearc by Philarchuſ and Lembuſ, ſot Lembuſ wtiteth thuſ : Once about Dardaxia, and Peopia, it rained frogſ in ſuch plentifullmeaſure, or rather prodigiouſ manner , that all the houſeſ and high—waieſ were filled with them, and the inhabitantſ did firſt of allkill them, but af= terwardſ perceining no benifit thereby, they ſhut their dooreſ againſtthem, and ſtopped vp all their lightſ to exclude the out of their houſeſ,lcauing no paſſage open,ſo much aſ a 30 frog might crecpe into, and yet notwithſtanding all thiſ diligence, their meat ſeething on the fire, or ſet on the table, could not be free from the, but continually they found frogſ in it, ſo aſ at laſt they were inforced to forſake that Countrey . It waſ likewiſe reported, that certaine Jpdianſ & people of Arabia,vwere inforced to forake their countrieſ through themultitude of ftogſ. Cardan ſeemeth to find a reaſon in nature for thiſ raining of ftroggeſ, the which for the better ſatiſfaction of the Reader, I will here expreſſe aſ followeth : Finpſ haſ exmia ven— torum ira, and {o forward in hiſ 16. booke De ſwbtilitate, that iſ to ſay 5 theſe prodigiouſ raineſ of frogſ and Mice, little Fiſheſ and ſtoneſ, and ſuch like thingeſ iſ not to be wonde— red at : for it commeth to paſſe by the rage ofthe windſ in the topſ of the Mountaineſ,,or 30 the vppermoſt part of the Seaſ, which many timeſ taketh vp the duſt of the earth, & con— gealeth them into ſtoneſ in the ayre, which afterwardſ fall downe in raine ; ſo alſo doth ittake vp frogſ and fiſheſ, who becing aboue in the ayre, muſt needeſ fall downe againe. Sometimeſ alſo it taketh vp the eggeſ of frogſ and fiſheſ , which beeing kept aloft in the ayre among the Whirle—windeſ, and ſtormeſ of fhewerſ, doc there engender and bring forth young oneſ, which afterwardſ fall downe vpon the carth, there being no poole for them in the ayre. Theſe and ſuch like reaſonſ are approvued among the learned for naturali . cauſeſ of the prodigiouſ raining of frogſ. E ; . | But we read in holy Scripture among the plagueſ of Egypt, that froggeſ were ſent by GOD to annoy them; and therefore whatlocuer iſ the materiall cauſe t iſ moſt certaine 40 that the wrath of G O D and hiſ almighty hand, iſ the making or efficient cauſe, and for the worthineſſe ofthat deuine ſfory, how God maketh and taketh away frogſ, I will ex— preſſe it aſ it iſ left by the Holy—ghoſt, in Cap. 8: Zxod: verſe 5. Alſo the Lord ſaide vnto Moſeſ, ſay thou vinto Aaren, ſtretch outthy hand with thy rodde v%on the {}reamcs, vp— on the Rinerſ, and vpon the pondſ, and cauſe ftogſ to come vpon the landofEgypt, ver. 6.Then Auron ſtretched out hiſ hand vpon the waterſ of F@pz#, and the frogſ came vp & coucred the land of Egyp#, verſe. 7. And the Sorcererſ did likewile wuh'thcxr Sorcerieſ, and brovight frogſ vp vpon the land of Egypr. Verſe 8. Then Phayao called for Moſt; 8((; Aaron, and ſaid 5 pray ye vnto the Lord, that he may take away the froeſ from rlnſici aſſſſ:{ ___ from my people, and I will let the people goc, tparthey may doe ſh;rxfice to Ylzc '(3% . 50 verſe 9. — And Moſeſ ſaide vnto Pharao, concerning me, commaund when I ſha(ll ſp,ra/ lor thee and thy ſernantſ, and for thy pzo}glc, to deſtroy the froggeſ from thee, and from thy houſeſ, that they may remaine in the River Onely. verſe 10. Then h_e ſaid to }TIOYIF(?Y, SZ he anſivered, be it aſ thou haſt ſaid,that thou mayſt know that there iſ none like the flor , our GOD. verſe i1: So the froggeſ ſhall depart from thee, and from thy houſeſ,& from i |" niſ Rerte | v ſhall remaine in theRiner. verſe 12. Then thy people, and from thy Servantſ oncly;, ſhCct,ct Atoſe: 180 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Moſeſ 8 Aaren went out from Pharao, & Moſeſ cryed vato the Lord concerning the frogſ which he had ſent vnto 2har20.ver.13. And the Lord did according to the iying of Moſeſ ſo the frogſ dyed in the houſeſ, and in the Towneſ, and in the fieldeſ ver. 14, And chcy) gathered them together by heapeſ, and the land ſtanke ofthem, &c. And thiſ waſ the ſccond plague of Egypr, whcrgin theLord turxȝed all the fiſheſ inco Froggeſ, (aſ the booke of wiſedome ſaith) and the Frogſ abounded in the Kingeſ cham. ber : and notwithſtanding thiſ great indgement of God for the preſent, Phar40 would not let the people goe, and afterwardeſ that blind ſuperſtitiouſ Nationbecame worſhipperſ of Froggeſ, (aſ Philaifriaſ writeth) thinking by thiſ devotion , or rather wickedneſſc in thiſ obſeruant manner, to pacifie the wrath of God, choofln_g their owne wayeſ before the word of Almighty God:But vain iſ that worſhip which iſ innented without heauenl warrant, and better it iſ to bee obedient to the will of God, then goe about to pleaſe him with the cogitationſ of men, although in their pretended holineſſe wee ſpend much time, wealth, and bloud. There waſ one Cyp/eluſ the Father of per#ander, who by hiſ Mother waſ hidde in a Cheſt called Kyp/ele, to be preſerued from the handeſ of certaine murchererſ, which were ſent to kill him. W herefore afterwardſ the ſaid Cyp/elwſ conſectated a houſe at Delpluſ to Apollo, becauſe he heard hiſ crying when he waſ hidde in a Cheſt, and preſerucd him; In the bottome of that houſe, waſ the trunke of a palme—tree and certaine Froggeſ pigu. ted running out of the ſame : but what waſ meant thereby iſ nor certainely knowne, for neither Plycarke which vyriteth the ſtory , nor Cheſſ/aſ which relateth it, giveth any fig— nification thereof : but in another place where he inquireth the reaſon why the Oracte of Pithiaſ gaue no anſwer, hee conicSured becauſe it waſ that the accurſed thing brought out of the Temple of Apolly from Delpho:, into the Corinthian houſe; hadde ingtauen vn. derneath the brazen Palme, Saakeſ, and Frogſ, or elſe for the ſignification of the Sunne riſing. 'Iþhc meat of Froggeſ thuſ brought foorch are greene Hearbcſ, and Humble—Beeſ, or fhorne—bugſ, which they devout or catch when they come to the water to drinke : ſome= time alſo they are ſaid to eate earth, but aſ well Froggeſ aſ Toadſ doe eate the dead mole, for the Mole devoureth them becing alive . In the month of Auguſt, they neucr open 30 their moutheſ, cither to take in meate or drinke, or to vtter any voyce, and their chapſare fo faſt ioyned or cloſed together, that you can hardly open them with your finger,or with a ſticke. T he young oneſ of thiſ kinde are killed by caſting Long—wort , or the leaueſ of Sea—Lettice, aſ Eliazuſ and Suiduſ write: and thuſ much for the deſcription of their partſ, generacion, and ſuſtentation of theſe common Frogſ. The wiſedome or diſpoſition of the Egyprianfrogſ iſ much commended,for they ſaue themſelueſ from their enemieſ with ſingular dexterity. If they fall at any time vpon a wa— ter—Snake, which they knowe iſ their mortall enimy, they take in their moutheſ a round Reede, which with an inuincible ſtrength they hold faſt, nener letting goe, although the Snake have gotten her into her mouth, for by thiſ meaneſ the Snake cannor ſwallow hir, 40 and ſo ſhe iſ preſerued aliue. There iſ a pretty fable of a great Bull which came to the water to quench hiſ thirſt, and whileſt the beaſt came running greedily into the W ater, hee ttod in peeceſ two or three young Frogſ; then one of them which eſcaped with life, went and told hiſ mother the mi— ferable miſforrune and chance of hiſ felloweſ : ſhe aſked who it waſ that had ſo killed her young oneſ, to whom he anſwered : It waſ a great one, but how great he could nottell: the foolith mother—frog deſirouſ to haue ſeene ſome body in the eyeſ of her Sonne,began to ſwell with holding in of her breath, and then aſked the young one if the beaſt were aſ bigge aſ ſhe ? And he anſwered much greater, at which wordſ ſhe beganne to ſwell more, And aſked him againe ifthe beaſt were ſo bigge ? To whom the young one aunſwered, 59 Mother leaue your ſwelling, for though you breake your ſelfe, you will neuer be ſo bigge aſ he : and I thinke from thiſ ſame fable came the Prouctbc , Rap4 Gyrima ſapientia, wilt! Ihcn the young Frogge. Thiſ iſ excellently deſcribed by Horace in hiſ third Sagyre, 25 fol— oweth ; 8 Albertmſ, Abſen— Of the Frogge. <— 181 Abſentiſ rane pulliſ vitulipedepreſſiſ, Vouſ vhi effugit matri denarratyvt ingenſ Bellua cognatoſ eliferit; illarogare," LQuantant? Numtandem, Ye influnſ, ſig maond ſuiſſet k Maior dimidio :Num Mnta.cffiifiln mctz_/g'is 4:% fictſſct E Se magiſ inflarety non ſi te ruperiſ; ingqguit, V > Par eriſ : hec ate non multum abludit imago." W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; ; \ Inold Frogſ abſence, the joung were preiz to death By feeote of a great Calfe, drinking in the water, V1 To tellthe dam, onean that ſeapt with life and breath, —> How a great beaſt hiſ young to death did ſeatter. — ſ pinſ How great ſayd ſhe ? J bigge? and then did ſwelt Greater by halfe ſaid he : thenſbe ſwollmore, and ſaid Thuſ bigge ? but he : ceaſe ſivelling dam, for Ithee tell, "Though breake thy ſeife, like hinethonnener vanſt bemade, >> |— Thereiſ another pretty fable in E/#p, taſking diſcontented perſonſ voder the name of Frogſ; decording to the old verſe > |: 7 [BrOf9NWOD 1001 rhve tmaaiek ſ ſ ,SH E4 Et veterem in liimo tana cecin/ſere querclam, Nam neque ſiccaplacet, nec que ſlagnata palude » PDerpetitur, querule ſcimpey connitia rane. Which may be engliſhed in thiſ manner ; I. > The Frogſ amid ſt the carthy ſlime, Their old complaintſ do dayly ſing / giW t ont. Not pleaſ dwith pooleſ; nor land that drine; : BHt new diſhlm]ſrcts dayly bring. } When Cereſ went about ſeeking Pr0/crpivſ, ſhe came to a cercaine Fountainein 2//72 _ to quench her thirſt : the ynciuill £#/%27ſ hindered her from drinking ; both by troubling. the water with their feet; and alſo byſending into the water a great company ofcroaking Frogſ ; whereat the Goddefle being angry, turned all thoſe Country—people intoFrogſ, But Owid doth aſcribe thiſ tranſmutation of the Z4/a»ſ ,.to the prayer of Laron#;, when ſhe came to drinke of the fountaine to increaſe the Milke in her breaſtſ, at ſtch time aſ ſhe nurſed Apo/e and Dia»a,which Metamorphoſiſ or tranſmutation;iſ thuſ excellently deſeti— bed by Ouid; i t rolo britſ 22 Eternum ſtagno (dixit) vinatiſ iniftſ. Eneniunt optata dee, inwuat eſſe ſub vndiſ, Et mode tora caua ſummergere membrapalude; — Nunc proferre caput ſumano, modo gurgite nare; — S ape ſuper ripam ſtagniconſiſtere, ſape In gelideſ reſilire lacuſ, ſednunc quogue turpeſ Litibuſ exercent linguaſ, pulſoque pudore 11 Quamuiſ fint ſub aqua, ſieb aqua ctzalſitduere tentontſ, Vox quogue iam ranca eit , mfla_mzctcollaſitumeſtunt & ' Pp/agque dilatant patuleſ connitinrichuſ. Terga caput tangint , collaintercepta videnturſ Spina vivet, venter, parſ maximeſ corporiſ albut; Limoſod, noue [aliunt ingurgite ranaſ In Engliſh thuſ ; SnrIh3nbd laghbn" 4 — Foy ener moughſ you dwell 5 & ot i» . J In thiſ ſame pond ſhe ſaid : her wifh didtake effet with ſpeed, For furgemc{:th the water they delighſ to beindeed : x vnd: & Nop 182 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Now dine they to the bottome daywne new vp their headſ they pop, Amnother while with ſpr aulling legſ they ſwim vponthe top. © And oftentimeſ vponthe bunkeſthey hane a mindto ſtond, Andoftentimeſfrom thence againe ta leape into the pond : "=.> Andthere they now doc praitiſe ſtilltheir filthy tongueſto ſcoldſ . And ſhameleſly, though vnderneaththe water they do hold >==" Their former wont of brauling ſtill anoyd the water cold : yy Their z)ayſicEs {tillare hoarſe and harſh, their throatſ hane puſſed goawleſ, Their chapſ with bravling widened areythcir hammer—headed ivaveleſ, Arc ioyped to their ſhoulderſ inſl, the neckeſ of them de ſceme>\ Cut off : the vidgebone of their backeſticke vp with colour greene. . Their panch which iſ the greateſt part of all their trunke 1ſ gray, » And o they vþp and downe the pond made newly, Erogado play: W hatGcuer the wiſedome of Frogſ iſ, according to the vriderſtaniding of the Poetſ; thiſ iſ cerrain, that they ſignific impudent & contentiouſ perſonſ ,for thiſ cauſe there iſ a pretty fiction in helbetwixt the two Poctſ,Erupideſ & Acſculuſ: for the ending of which cotroucrhie, Barchwſ waſ ſent downe to take the worthyeſtof them out of Hell into Hea. uen : and aſ he went oucr CharomeſFerty, he heard nothing but the croaking of Froggeſ, 29 for ſuch contentiouſ ſpiritſ doe beſt befitte HeH . And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice to haue ſpoken of the wiſedome of Frogſ: Their common enimieſ are the Weaſelſ, Poule—catſ, and Ferzetſ, for theſe dd gathet them together, and lay of them great heapeſ within their denſ : whereupon they feede in Winter. The Hearne alſo and Bittor, iſ a common deſtroyer of Froggeſ, and ſolikewile are ſome kind of Kiteſ. The Night—Birdſ, G/m%ſ and Gime#a, the Water— Snake(at whoſe preſence in token of extreame terrour) the Froggeſetteth vppe her yoyce inlamentable manner.The Moleſ are alſo enemieſ to Frogſ,& it iſ further ſaid,chat if a burning Candle be ſet by the water ſide, during the croaking of Frogſ; it will make them hold their peace» Men doalſo take Frogſ, for they were wont to baite ahooke with a little red wooll, ora 40 pecce oftred cloth, alſo the gallof a Goat put into a veſſell,and ſet in the earth, will quiick= iy draw ynto it all the Frogſ that be neare it,aſ if it were vnto them a very grateſull thing: And thuſ much ſhal ſuffice to have ſpoken of the encmiceſ of frogſ. Now in the next place we are to confider the ſcucrall V ſeſ, both naturall; Medicinall, and Magicall, whichmen do make of Frogſ. . Andfirſt of all the Greene Frogſ, and ſome of the yellow which live in floudſ, Riverſ, Lakeſ, and Fiſh—pooleſ, are caten by then; although in ancient time they were not eaten, but onely for Phyſicke, for the broth wherein they were ſod, & the fleſh alſo, waſ thought to hauce vertue in it to cure the which were ſtrucken by any venomouſ—creeping—beaſt, et pecially mixed with Salt and Oyle: but ſince that time Aez/ivſ diſcoinmendeth thecating 40 of Frogſ, prouing that ſome of them are venomouſ, and that by eating thercofextrcam vomitſ hath followed ,and they can neuer be good, except when they are newly taken, & their ſkinſ diligently flayed off,and thoſe alſo out of pure running waterſ, and not out of muddy ſtinking puddleſ : and therefore aduiſeth to forbeare in plenty of other meate, thiſ wanton cating of Fiogſ, aſ thingeſ perilouſ to life and health , and thoſe Frogſ alſo which are moſt white when the ſkinm iſ taken off, are moſt dangerouſ & fulleſt of venom; according to the couſellof Fiera, ſiying 5 vltima, ſednoiftyroſ non aeceſſuralebeteſ, Woluimuſ, ſwccit eſt pluny & limoſa maligni, 50 Ni [aliat, putriſ rane Parabatiter. a3 Irata eſft &y ad huc rauca coaxal aguiiſ, InEnogliſh thuſ : We willnot dreſſe a Frog vnleſſe the laſt of allto eare, Becauſe the inyce thereof iſ muddy and of vaine, vnileane, Hyieg c6, Oſ t/fie Frogg?. \ — 183 Excepſ it go on earth, prepared toxg to leape F07, angry iſt cucr iſ, and hath hoarſe voyce amid the ſtreame., *———**",, They which vſe to eate frogſ, fall to hane a colour like Lead, and the horrerthe coin $0 Voſ quoh ſigna videtiſ aquai dulcicalunine, Cum clamore paratiſ inaneſ fundere voceſ; Abſurdod ſono fonteſ & ſtagna tiertſe> f TInEngliſh thuſ ſ Shawlinaaiy And you Owater=birdſ which dwellin ſtreaſimeſſ ſavect, 1 __ Do ſce the ſigneſ whereby the weather iſforetold; Tour crying voyceſ wherewith the waterſ are repleate, Vaine ſoundſ abſurdly mowing pooleſ ind fountatheſ cold, 30 _ And thuſ much for the naturall vſe of Frogſ. Now followeth Magicall. It iſ ſaid thag _ if a man take the tongue of a Water—Frog,and laie it vpon the head of one that iſ aſleep, . _ , hc ſhall ſpeake in hiſ ſleep, & reucile the ſecretſ of hiſ hart : but if he will know theſecretſ K,ſſ;:::; of a woman, then muſthee cut it out of the Frog aliue, and turrie the Frogaway Agdine, Dſimſſſim t'ſſſi making certaine Charactarſ vpon the Frogſ tongiuc, and ſolay theſame vppon the pan— ting of a womanſ hatt, and let him aſke her whatqueſtionſ he will, the ſhall anſwer veto. him all the truth, & reucale all the ſeererfaultſ that euerſhe hath commitcred.Now if thiſ magicall foolery were true, we had more need of Frogſ then of Tuſticeſ of Peact, or Ma— giftrateſ in the common—wealth. aſ Shd o inning But to proceede a little further, and to detecdt the vanity of theſe men, they alſo ſay, 4o thatthe ſtaffe wherewith all a Frog iſ ſtrucke our of a Snakeſ mouth ,laide vpon a woman in trauaile;ſhall cauſe an caſie deliuerance : and ifaiman cut offafoor of a frog aſhe fwlimſ in the water, and binde the ſame 'to one that hath the gout, it will cute hitd.Abdchiſiſay thc aſ a ſhoulder of Mutton worne in oneſ Hat/healeth the toortk=ach: © .! —*— *——* Some againe doc write, that if a VWVoman rake a Frogee and ſpit threetitneſ in her mouth, ſhe thall not conceiue with Childe that yeare *AlſoifDoggeſcare thePortage whectein a Frogge hath beene ſodde, it makethhim:dumbe and canriot batke. "And if a man caſt a ſodde Erogge at a Dogge, vvhich iſ readyrocaſſaunithind ; it will make him runne away,(I thinke aſ faſt an olde hungry Horſefrom a bortle ofHay.) Theſe and ſuch like vaniticeſ haue the Auncieat Heathenſ(ignorarit ofG OD) firmely bclecucſſd_, \_111 cy= "go ther experience diſapprooucd theyr inuientionſ,or the ſincere knovvledge ofReligion in lightening theyr darkeneſſe,made them to forſake theyr former vaine errourſ, vyvhich I yrould to G 0 D hadde come ſooner vrito them , that ſo they might nener hane ſinned ; or elſe becing now come vnto VS theyr Children, I pray G O D that it may ne. ucr bee remdonued, leaſt by truſting inlying vanityeſ, wee forſake our owne metcy . And ſoan end of the Magycall Vieſ . Novy vve procſicdc to the Medicinall, in the byucr: ;;3; ;);' T he Hlſtor}(ff Seijzen'tſ. iery venomouſ creature. Froggeſ ſod or roaſted, are profitable, eſpecially the broth, if it be given to the ſicke perſon withouchiſ knowledge, mixed with Oyle and Salt, aſ weſ hauc ſaid already. T he fleſh of W ater—frogſ iſ good againſt the byting of the Sea—hare, the Scorpion, and all kind of Serpentſ : againſt Leproſic and ſcabſ, and rubbed vpon the body, itdoth cure theſame, + Thereigzan Oyle likewiſe made out of Frogſ, which iſ made in thiſ manner, they take apound of Froggeſ, and put them into a veſſell or glaſſe, and vppon them,; they poure a pinteof Oyle,ſo ſtopping the mouth of the glaſſe,chcy ſeeth it aſ they do the Oyleofſer— pentſ, with thiſ they cure the ſhrinkirig of the ſinneweſ > apd the hor gout, they prouoke flecp, and heale the inflammationſ in Feaucrſ, by annointing the Templeſ. The effec of 16 thiſ Oyle iſ thuſ deſctibed by Serenm : Sape ita per vadit viſ frigeriſ, ac tenet artuſ, Vt vix quaeſito medicamine pulſarecedat. Sixanam ex oleo decoxeriſ, abijce carnem, Membrafoueſ" Thatiſ to ſy ; Often are the finneweſ held by force innading cold, Which ſcarce can be repelled backe by medicineſ tried might, Thepfeeth a Frogge in pureſt eyle, aſ ancientſ vſ hane told, — So bath the memberſ ſicke therein, Frogſfleſb ca(t out of ſight. And againe in another place he ſpeaking of the cure of a Feuer, writeth thuſ; Sed privſ eft oleo partuſ ferueſcere Rane, Intringſ, illoque artuſ perducere ſucco, InkEngliſ thuſ; But firſt let Oyjle make hot young Erogſ new found In wateſ, therewith bring ſinneweſ weake to weale full ound. 40 To conclude,itwere infinite & needleſſe to expreſſe all that the Phyſitionſ have obſet— uedabout the Mcdicineſ ryſing out of the bloud , fat, fleſh, eyeſ, hatt, Liner, gall, Tocralſ, Legſ, and ſperme of Frogſ, beſideſ powderſ and diſtillationſ ; therefore I will not weary the Reader, nor gine occaſion to ignorant men , to bee more bold vppon my writing of Phyſicke then iſ reaſon,leaſt that be ſaid againſt mce which prouctbially ſaide of vane— ccfſary thingeſ, Raiſ vinum mmiſtraſ, you give Wine to Froggeſ, which hauc neither neede nor nature to drinke it, for they delight more in water ; And ſo I conclude the Hi+ ſtory of thiſ vulgar Froggeſ 50 OF — —> 0 | Oſtbe ?reene Fſircto_gſſſigſſ?; \ ZNOF THE *GREENE FROG, Hiſ fi'ogis Fallcd Calamit_ekſi and Di}op/a]te}, and Manſiti;ſi and Raxa virenſ. In Arabia Blefarizon, and Cucunoineſ, anci deriued from the German ; word Zy9/ch; o the Germaineſ n A, vB— Vd I þ 0 ſſ, L— o pD y . treeſ, and mahy timeſ {harme men and—Cartle vnd ert 0"-"-' t the treeſ 3 and therefore called Z4e/2 of the Grctk??vchg Zemia. The Italianſ eallitRacala, Renocchia,Lo Ranoneto, Ranonchia de rubetto. The Frenich Croifſetſ, and ſometimeſ Graiſſet;Verdier, in Sauey Renogle. In Germany. Lonbſroſch:; In Poland Z2b4 Trawna. Some of the Latineſ for difference ſake call it Repſ Rybe#a , becauſe it liueth in treeſ and buſheſ : and for theſame cauſe italſo called Ca/ameizeſ, becauſe it liſ , | ueth among reedſ, and Dryepeteſ,bccanſeitfalleth ſometimc out of treeſ. 02 . 'It iſ the leaſt of all other Frogſ,& liuethinitreeſ, & >_ ſſ,ſſmm([!{[flg oramong fiviiteſ, and treeſ eſpecially in the woodſ of Haſelſ , or Vineſ, for with hiſ ſhorte Leggeſ it e ppatiaiaaaina..a07,, h //\ J , climbeth the higheſt treeſ "infomuch that ſome haue thought it hadd wingeſ. Itiſ greencall ouct the body, except the feetcand the fingerſ, whuch : are of duſty or reddiſhcolour, and thetoppeſ ofhiſ naileſ or claweſ are blunt and round : In the diffec— rion thetoEthere waſ bloud found in cuery part of ; the body, and yet butlittle> "The Heare of it iſ white, the Liner blacke, mixedwiththe Gall. It hath alſo a Melt, and in the end of Iuly itlayethEggeſ. i It iſ a venemouſ beaſt, for ſometimeſ Cattle aſ they brouſe vppon treeſ, do ſwallovy downoneof theſe vponthe leaucſ not diſcerning it, becauſe it iſoftheſame colour: but preſently after they hauc ciaten it their bellyeſ begin to ſwell, whichmuſtneedeſ proceed fromthe poyſoned Frogge.® eviiad ſ A ſecond reaſon prooucth it to bee veromouſ, iſ for that many Authorſ doeaffirme; that hereof iſ made the p/Hlothrum, for the drawing out of teeth by the rootſ, and for thiſ cauſe iſ concluded to bee yenomouſ, becauſe thiſ canniot bee petformed without ſtronge poyſon. But for the cure of the poyſon of thiſ Frogge , wee ſhall expreſſe it afterward in the Hiſtory of the Toade, and therefore the Reader muſt nor expect it in thiſ place. Al— 9 waiceſ before raine they climbe vppe vpon the treeſ, and there cry after a hoatſe manner yvery much, which canſed the Pocet Serezſſ to call it Rewco garrula queſtu : at other timeſ it iſ mute, and hath no voyce : vvherefore it iſ more trucly called AM42#/ſ, that iſ, a Pro— phetor a Deuiner, then any other kinde of Frogge, becauſe other Froggeſ which are notaltogether mute, doe ery both for feare, and alſo for deſire ofcarhall copulation, but thiſ neuer cryeth but before raine; | \, Some baue beene of opinion, that thiſ iſ aldumbe Frogge ;" and therefore Vincentimſ Belluacenſiſ ſaith,chat it iſ called a mute Frog: from the effe : for there iſ an opinion, that thiſ put into the mouth of a Dog, maketh him dumbe; which if it bee truc , it iſ an Argu— ment of the extreame poyſon therein contained,ouercomming the nature oftbe Doggc,ſſ S? whoſecheefeſt ſenceſ are hiſ taſt and hiſ {ſinelling. And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the deſ ſctiption of thiſ Frog. Themedicinall vertueſ 0 a cough, do ſpet into the mout hiſ cough, and being boundin a Craneſſ deſireſ : buttheſe are but magicall deniceſ, 0 3 berucd herein dre theſe that follow. Firſt if a man which hath hofthiſ Frogge,it iſ thought that it doch delitter him from kinne—vnto a manſ thigh, procureth veneriouſ and ſuch aſ have noapparant reaſon in nature;, R $ where— Cia Cnoumoneſ, Irici, Ranulo_z, Brexanteſ,of Brex—einto taine, &: » 4 'Zherc'ct commeth the fained word of Ariſtophaneſ, Brekeke. 'f exKoax, but I thinkethat aſ our Engliſh word Frogge iſ: | »Eroſch fromthiſ Grecke word B3reg. It iſ called alſo Zamia,: thatiſ—Dampez, loſſe, hurt or damage; becauſe they line in. 186 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. wherefore I vyill omit them, and proceede to them that are more reaſonable & natural}, Firſt for the Oyle of Frogſ, that iſ the beſt which iſ made out ofthe Greene—Ftogſ, aſ it iſ obſcrued by S#/n/mſ, and if they are held betwixt A manſ handeſ, in the fit of hot burnin Ague, do much refreſh nature, and caſe the paine. For Feauer—heptickeſ they prepare the thuſ: they take ſuch frogſ aſ haue white bellieſ, then cut offtheir headſ and pull out their bowelſ, afterwardſ they ſeeth them in water, votill the fleſh fall from the boneſ, the they minglethe ſaid fleſh with Barly Meale, made into Paſte, wherewithall they cram & feed Pullen with that paſtc,vpdn which the ſicke man muſt be fed, and in default of Frogſ the do the like withEcleſ, and other like Fiſheſ. But thereiſ no þatt of the Frog ſo medicina— ble aſ iſthe bloud, called alſo the matter or the iuyce, and the bumour of the Erogge, al. : though ſome of them write,that there iſ no bloud but in thecyeſ of a Frogge : fiſt there— 1 forewith thiſ they killhaire, for vpon the placewherethe haire waſ puld off, they poure thiſ bloud, and then itncuer groweth more : And thiſ aſ Lhaue ſaid already, iſ an Argu. mentof the venome of thiſ Frogge ; and it hath beene proued by experience, that a man holding one oftheſe Froggeſ in hiſ hand, hiſ handſ hauc begunnc to ſwell, and to break our into bliſterſ. Of thiſ verme Seyenwmſ the Poet writeth 7 romMoAAbDNa —\ o Preterea quaſcungne voleſ anertere ſetaſ, Atgque in perpetuum rediniva occludere telay Corporibuſ vulſiſ ſaniem perducitorane; — Sed qu2 paruaſitweſt , & rauco garula queſin. ,< That iſ toſay , / Beſideſ, from what{oener bodyeſ haiveſ thou will Be cleane deſiroyed, and nener ovow againe . Onthem, the mattery bloud of Frogſ, all pread and ſpill : I meane the little Frog queſting hoarſe voyce amaine, The ſame alſo being made into a Verdigreace,& drunke the weight of a; Crowne,ſtop— peth the continuall curining of the vrine. The humour which commeth out of thiſ Frog, cing alive when the ſkinne iſ ſcraped off from het backe, clearcth the eyeſ by annoyar— |_ ment : and the fleſh Jaid ypon them.,caſeth their paineſ, the fleſh and fat pulleth our tecth. * — The povvder made of thiſ Frogge beeing drunke, ſtayeth bleeding , and alſo expelleth ſpotſ of bloud dryed in the body. The ſame being mingled with Pitch, cureth the falling offofthc haire. And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the demonſtration of the nature of thiſ lit, tle Greene—Frogge. OF THE PADOCKE OR CROOKED lmckeFro_gge. 88 go P T iſ apparent that there be three kindſ of Frogſ of the carth,thcfirſt iſ the lit— tle greene Frog : the ſecond iſ thiſ Padocke, hauing a crooke back, called in Latine Raberſ Gibboſa, and the third iſ the Toade, commonly called Rube— 5 t4x> Bufo. Thiſ ſecond kind iſ mute or dumbe,aſ there be many kind of mutc Se ſ *= ® Frogſ» Of the Toade. . 18 Frogeeſ, ſuch aſ iſ that which the Germianſ call Feyrkrorr, and out late Alchymiſtſ P;y/ hrunen,that iſ, aFire—frogge; becauſcit iſ of the coloure of fite: Thiſ iſ found deepe in theearcbyvachemidſt of Rockſ and ſoneſ whenthey areicleft aſunder,and amongſt met— rallſj whete—into'there iſ no hole or paſſage, and/therefore the wit of man cannor deuiſe how it ſhouldentertherein; onelycherethey find them whenthey cleaue thoſe ſtoneſ in ſunderwith their wedgeſ 8 ocher inſtrumentſ. Such aſ theſe are, are found neete Tyimerſ in Frannce, among a redde ſandy ſtone, whetcof they make Milſtoneſ; and therfore they breakerbarſtone all in peeceſ bcforetheymakethe Miiſtonevp, leaſt while the Paddock iſ included in themiddle, and the Mill—ſtone going in the Mill, the heate ſhduld make the 10 Paddockeſwell;and ſo the Mill—ſtontbreaking, the corneſhould be poyſoned. Aſſoone aſ theſ@Paddogkſ come once into the ayre, out oftheircloſeplaceſ of gencration and ha< 83 bitation, they ſwelland ſo dieſſ ow »temocd i Thiſ crooke—backed Paddocke iſ called by the GertmanſG@zexfroſch, that iſ, a Frog of the Garden, and GFriſfroſch; that iſ, a Frogge of the graſſevit 1ſ not altogether mute,for in time of perrill, when they arechaced by men, or by Snakeſ;they haue a crying voyce; whichThaueoftentimeſ prooued by experience; and all Snakeſ and Serpentſ doc verie much hunt and defite to deſtroy theſe : alſo I haue ſeerie a Snake hold one ofthem by the legge,for becauſtitwaſ great ſhe could nov eaſfly denuoute it, & during thattime,it made apittifulllamentation. a bay iol» ET & 20 < Theſe Paddockſ have aſ it weretwolittle horneſ or buncheſ in the middte of the back; and theircolour iſ betweene greene and yellow, on the ſideſ they haue reddeſpotſ , and thefeete are of the ſime colour, their belly iſ white, and that part oftheir backe which iſ dire&ly ouer their breaſt, iſ diſtinguiſhed with a few blacke ſpotſ. And thuſ much may ſerue forthe particuler deſcriprion of the Paddocke, not differing in any other thing that Icanreade of from the former Froggeſ, it being venomouſ aſ they are, and therefore the cure iſ to be expeSted heereafter, in the next hiſtory of the T oade. "OF THE TOADE. SEY [ O conclude the ſtory of Froggeſ, we ate now to make deſcrip— —="I\ || tion and natration of the Toade, which iſ the moſt noble kinde of Frogge, moſt venomouſ , and remarquable for courage and y ) || ſtrength. Thiſ iſ called in Hebrew by ſome Coah , the Grzecianſ }04|! call it Phyamon, the Arabianſ Myſoxuſ, the Germanſ Rro%7 , the Saxonſ 2Qwap,the Flemingſ Padde;the IIlirianſ Zaba;thce Frerch Crapault, the Italianſ Roſpo, Botta, Boffa , Chiatto, Zutto, Buſſ?, 8 Buſfſ, Buſfone, and ramarre, the Spanyardſ Sapo eſcu, erco, .th.e Latineſ Rabera, becaule it liyeth among buſheſ; and Buſw, becauſe it ſwelleth when it iſ 40 angty. J Qr ' AAX Now I find of theſe Toadeſ two kindſ, the one called Rube#apalui?riſ, a T oade of the fenncſ,or of the waterſ, the other, Rw— evoan beta terreitriſ, a T oade of the earch : And 62 afl o theſe in Authorſ are ſometimeſ confoun— __ \& } ded, one taken for another. The greateſt difference that I can learne , iſ theyr ſeate or place of habitation , for they lineboch ofthemin the land and in the water: And ofthem thar be in the water,ſome of them be ſmaller then the other, and are therfore called Rube#ale, that iſ, little Toadeſ : and I thinke they be the ſame which are called | & u4 Simvideſ: Neere vnto Zuricke , there are Toadeſ not halfe ſo E iigP Peain riieaeottte q,becing of a durtie colouton the back, biggeaſ the vulgar Toadeſ,ata place called Kib"fi & 4 t 0 188 Ihe Hiſtory of Serpentſ. and ſhatpe boned, the belly white and yellowe, or rather betwixtboch, the eyeſ of a gold flaming colour, the buttockſ andhinderleggeſ haity, and beſideſ thatplace, theſekind of Toadeſ are no where found. They haue a very ſhrill voyce., ſo aſ theyrare heard Agreat way off, like a ſimall bellor trumper, and they neuer viter their voyce:but in the,; Spring, _ and the fore—part of the Supmamier , for about September they hide themſclueſ.in Treey, neither doe they livie among the waterſ, but onthe dry land when theyiety,ibiſcertaing thatthe night following willbringforth nodoſt; »00f v| h37 3 SONHGPL 4 Like vato thiſ there iſ a Toade in Frauace called.Rufo eorpuzuſ; a horned Toade;onor breauſeit hath horneſ, for thatiſ moſtapparantly falſe »» but for that thevoyce thereofi; like to the ſound ofa Cornet, orrather (aſ I thinke)dike to a Ratien called iGormix, and by 15 a kind of barbariſme called 2ufa coryutaſ. (The colout of thiſ Toadeiplike Saffron.on the one part, and like filthy durt on the other : beſideſ, there 2re other—venoMouſ T oadcſlii ning in Gnckeſ, privieſ, andvnder therooteſ ofplantſ. pdonfeloonczid There iſ another kind alſog like to theſToade of the water, butinteed of boneſithath onely griſſelſ, and itiſ bigger then the Toade of the Eedipe,liuing imhor placeſ . Thete iſ another alſo, which although it be a Toade of the water, yer hath it:beene caten formcate not many yeereſ ſince ;the mouth ofit iſ very great,but yet wuhou_t tecthowhich he'doth many timeſ put out of the waterlike a Totreyſeto take brtath, and intoking of hikmeare, which are fiyeſ, Locuſteſ, Carterpillerſ, gnartteſ, and ſmall crecping thmctgs » It imitareth the Camalion; for it putteth out the tongue, and lickerh in hiſ mcate by'thc ſpaceofthree 44 fingerſ, initlig roppe whereof there iſ aſoft place, hauing in it viſcouſ humout, which cau— ſeth all thingeſ to cleane faſt vnto itwhich it toucheth , by vertue whereolf it devoureth great flyeſ. And therefore the ſaid tongue iſ ſud to hane two little boneſ .growing at the roote thereof,, which by the wonderfull worke of Nature, doth guide, fortifie, & ſtreng— then it. Andchuſ much may—ſerue aſ aſufficient relation vnto the Reader for the diver— ſitie of Toadeſ. lof ſioy Nowe wee will proceede to the common deſcription of both kindeſ together. Thiſ Toade iſ in all ourward partſ like vntoa—Frogge, the fore—feete beeing ſhort , and thehin. der fecte long, but the bodte'more heavy and ſwelling;the colour of a blackiſh colour;the ſkinne rough, viſcouſ, and very hard, ſo aſ it iſ not eaſic to be broken with the bloweofa 30 ſboffe. It hatkymany deformed ſporteſ vppon it; eſpecially blacke on the ſideſ;che belly ex— cecding allother pattſ of the body, ſtanding out in ſuch manner, that becing ſitten with a ſtaffe, it yeeldeth a found aſ inwere from a vault or hollowplace . The head iſ broade and thicke, and the colour thereof on the nether part about the necke iſ white , that iſ, ſome—what pale, the backe plaine without buncheſ, and it iſ ſaide that there iſ a lutle bone growing imtheyr fideſ; that hath a vertue to drineaway doggeſ from him thatbearethit Aabout him; and iſ thereforecalled Appcypon. The whole aſpe& of thiſ Toade iſ vglie and vopleaſaotſ Some Aucbourſ affirme that itcarrieth thehatv in the necke , and therefore it cannor eaſily be killed, except the throate thereof be cutte in the middle. T heyr liveriſ very vitiouſ, and cauſeth the whole body to be of ill temperament : And ſomeſay they 40 haue two liuerſ. Theyr melt iſ very ſmall, and aſ for theyr copulation . and eggeſ , they differ nothing from Froggeſ. There be many late Wiriterſ , which doc affirme that there iſ a preciouſ ſtone in the hicad of a Toade,whoſe opinionſ (becauſe they attribute much to the vertue of thiſ ſtoncſi) it iſ good to examine in thiſ place, that ſo the Reader may be ſatiſfied whether' to hold it aſ a fable or aſ a true matter, exemplyfying the powerfull working of Almightie Godin nature, for there be many that weare theſe ſtoneſ in Ringeſ, beeing verily perſwaded that they keepe them from all manner of grypingſ and paineſ of the belly and the ſmall gutreſ. But the Art (aſ they terme it) iſ in taking of it out, for they ſay it muſt be taken out of the headaline, before the Toadebe dead, with a pecce of eloth ofthe coloutr ofredde Skarlet; go where—withall they ato much delighted, ſo that while they ſtretch out theſclueſ iſ it were in ſport ypon that cloth, they caſt out the ſtone of their head , but inſtantly they ſup itvp againe, vnleſie it be taken from them through ſome ſeerete hole in the ſaid cloth,whereby it fallethinto a ceſterne or veſſell of water, into the which the Toadedareth not enter, by reaſon ofthe coldneſ of the water. Theſe thingſ writeth Mſ/@erimſ. 403 Braſanoluſ o 13 tay . Of the T oade: — PBraſatoluſſaith, that he found ſtich a thing in the head of a Toade, but Ec rather tooke itto bea bone then a ſtore, the colour wherofwaſ browne,inelyning to blackneſ. Some ſay it iſ double, namely outwardly a hollow bone, and inywardly a ſtone contained there— in, the vertue whereof iſ ſaid to_brcake, preuent, or @ure the ſtone in the bladdet: Now how Ehl% ſtone ſhould be there ingendered, there are diuerſ opinionſ alſo,& they ſay that ſtoneſ areingendered in lining creatuteſ two mannet of wwayeſ, either through heate, or extreame:cold,; aſ in the Snaile, Pearch, Crabbe, Indian Tortizeſ and Toadeſ; ſo thatby extremitie of cold thiſ ſtone ſhould be gotten. | v— Againſtthiſ opinion the colour of the'ſtone iſ obie&ed , which iſ ſGime—timeſ white; 19 fomerimeſ browne, or blackiſh, having a cittrine orf blew ; pot in the middle ;. ſometimeſ 20 all grcene, wher—ypon iſ naturally engrauen the figure of a Toade : and thiſ ſtone iſ ſom— timeſ called Borax, ſometimeſ C/apodin@, and ſometimeſ Niſe,or Nuſk, and Cheleniteſ; Otherſ doemake two kindeſ of theſe ſtoneſ,one reſembiling a great deale of Milke mixed with a little blood, ſo that the white exceedeth the Redde, and yet both are apparant and viſible : the orher allblacke; wherein'they ſay iſ the picture of a Toade, withherleggeſ ſpredde before and behind.: And it iſfurther affirmed, that if both theſe ſtoneſ be held in oneſ hand in the preſence of poyſon, it will burne him: The probation of thiſ ſtone, iſ by laying of it to aline T oade, and ifſhe life vp her head againſt it, it iſ good, buit if ſheerun away from it, it iſ a counterfeyte. { : em deb : Geor: Agricela calleth the greater kind of theſe ſtoneſ, B/optia, and the leſſer. & ſmaoo: ther ſortofſtoneſ, Cereuzie, although ſome cotrary thiſ opinion, ſaying that theſeſtoneſ Brantia & Geraunie, are bred on the earth by thundering and lightning . Whereaſ it iſ faid before, that the generation of thiſ ſtone in the Toade proceedeth ofcolde, that iſ vte terly vapoſflible, for it iſ deſcribed to be ſo ſolide and firme, aſ nothing can be more hard, — and therefore I cannotaſſent vnto that opinion, for vnto hard and ſolide thingſ; iſ requi— [ſi40 5 0 red abundance of heate : and againe, it iſ ynlikely, that whatſoeucr thiſ Toade—ſtone be, thatthereſhould be any ſtore of them in the worldaſare. enery where viſible,ifthey were tobetaken out of the Toadeſ aliue, and therefore I tather agree with Salye/den//ſ a Spa— aiard, who thinketh that it iſ begotten by a certaine viſcouſ ſpume , breathed out vppon the head of ſome Toade, by herfelloweſ in the Spring—time. T hiſ ſtone iſ that which in auncient time waſ called Bazrachizeſ,And they atrribute vn= to it a vertue beſideſ the former, namely ;for the breaking of the ſtone in the bladder, and againſtthe Falling—ſickneſ. And they further write that it iſ a diſconerer of preſent poy— fon, for in the preſence of poy{on it will change the colour. And thiſ iſ the ſubſtaunce of that which iſ written about thiſ ſtone. Now for my part I darenot conclude either with it or againſtit, for Hermwolawſ, Maſſariuſ, Albertuſ, Syluaticuſ, and otherſ, are direQlie for thiſ ſtone ingendered in the braine or bead of the T oade : on the otherſide , Gaydzan and Geſner confeſſe ſuch a ſtone by name and nature," but they make doubt of the generation ofit, aſ otherſ haue deliuered ; and therefore they becing in ſundry opinionſ, the hearing wereof might confound the Reader , I will referre him for hiſ ſatiſfaction vnto a Toade; which hee may caſily euery day kill ; For although when the Toade iſ dead , the vertue thereof beloſt, which conſiſted in the eye, or blew ſpot in the middle, yet the ſubſtaunce remaineth, and if the ſtone be found there in ſubſtance, then iſ the queſtion at an end,but if it be not,then muſt the generation of it be ſought for in ſome other place. Thuiſ leauing the ſtone of the Toade, we muſt proceede to the other partſ oftheſtory, and firſt of all their place of habitation, which for them ofthe water , iſ neere the yyater—, ſide, and for them ofthe earth, in buſheſ, hedgeſ, Rockeſ, and holeſ of the earth, neuch comming abroade while the Sunne ſhineth , for they hate the ſunne—_ſhmc, and -r_hcyr na— ture cannor indure it, for which cauſe they keepe cloſe in their holeſ in the day time, and in thenight they come abroad. Yet ſometimeſ in rainy-wcachcr_, and inſolitary placeſ, they come abroade in the day—time. All the W inter—time they live vnder the carth, fee— ding vppon earth, herbeſ, and wormeſ,and it iſ ſaid they eate earth by meaſure, for they cate ſo much cuery day aſ they can grype in theyr fore—foote, aſ it were ſizing themſelueſ; leaſt the whole earth ſhould not ſerue them till the Spring. Reſembling heerein great rich, conctouſ men, who cuer ſpare to ſpend, for fearethey fhall want before they dic. And ſoſſ'r' EDIS I90 Ihe Hiſtor»y of Serpentſ. thiſ cauſe in auncient time the wiſe Painterſ of Germany, did picture awomaniſitting vp. pon a Toade,to ſignific couctouſneſ. They alſo louF to eate Sage, and yer the roote of Sage iſ to them deadly poyſon ; They deſtroy Becſ, w1thouy all danger to themſelueſ; for they will creepe to the holeſ of their Hineſ, and there blow invppon the Beeſ; by which breath they draw them out of the Hine, and ſo deſtroy them aſ they come out: for thiſ cauſe alſo at the water—ſide they lye in waite to catchthem. Whien they come'to drinkin the day time they ſeelittle or nothing, but in the night time they'ſee perfedtly y and there. fore they come then abroade. . —___ E moe 30 DMIC E US S AiN Chcncd 5 Abouttheir gencration there are many worthy obſeruationſininature, ſomtimeſ they arebreddeout of the putreſaGion and corruption of the earth,;it Bathalſo becirſcene that 15 out of the aſheſ of a Toade burnt,not onely one, butmany Toadeſ hane beentegerierated the yeere folpwing. In the New—world there iſ a Pronince called Darieze, the ayre where. of iſ wonderful vnwholſome,bccauſe all the country ſtandeth vpon rotten Maritheſ. It iſ there obſertied, that when the ſlaueſ or ſeruantſ water the paucmentſ of the doreſ, from the dropſ of water which fall on the right hand, areinſtanily many Toadeſ trigendered; aſ in other placeſ ſuch dropſ of waterare turned into gnatſ: It hath alſo beemefeene, that women conceiuing with child,haue likewiſe conceiued at the ſame time a frog, or a toade or a Lizard, and therefore P/azearimſ ſaith, that thoſe thingeſ which aremedicineſ to pro— uoke the menſtruouſ courſe of women, doe allo bring foorth the Secondineſ. And ſome hauccalled Byfondfratrenſ Salernitanoram, et lacertum fratre Lombarderii : thatiſ,a toade 29 the brother of the Salernitanſ, & the Lizard the brother ofthe Zombard:ſ: for ithath been feene that a woman of Sa/erymym, hath at one time brought forth a boy and a toade , and therfore hee calleth the toade hiſ brother ; ſo likewiſſ a woman of LZombardy, a Lizard, & therefore he calleth the Lizard the Zombardſ brother. And for thiſcauſe; the women of thoſe countrieſ, at ſuch time aſ their child beginneth to quicken in their wombe, dodrink the inyce of Parſly & Leckeſ, to kill ſtich conceptionſ ifany be. : There waſ a woman newly mattied, and when in the opinion of all ſhe waſ with child, in ſteed of a child ſhe brought forth fourelittleliving creatureſ like frogſ, and yet ſhee re— mained in good health, but a little while after ſhee felt ſome paineabout the rymneofher belly, which afterward waſ eaſed by applying a fewe remccſiſics . Alſo there waſ another 30 woman,which together with a man—child,in her ſecondineſ did alſo bring forch ſuch ano— ther beaſt; and after that a Marchantſ wife did the like in Arconitym. But what ſhould be the reaſon of theſe ſo ſtrange & vnnaturall conceptionſ,I wil not take vpon me to diſcide in nature, leaſt the omnipotent hand of God ſhould be wronged, and hiſ moſtſecrete & inſt coliſell preſumptuouſly indged & called into queſtion. Thiſ we know that it waſ pro— phefied in the Rewelation, that Frogſ & Locuſtſ ſhould come out of the whore of Babjlon, and the bottomleſſe pit, and therfore ſceing the ſeate of the V hore of Babjloſ# iſ in Italy; it may be that God would haue manifeſted the deprauation of Chriſtian religion , begin— ning among the Italianſ,and there continued in the conioyned birth of men & ſerpentſ: for ſurely,none but deuilſ incarnate, or men conceiued of Serpentſ brood,would (o ſtifly 49 ſtand in Romiſh error aſ the 2#a/ianſ do, & therefore they ſceme to be more addidted to the errorſ of their Fatherſ, (which they ſy iſ thereligion wherin they were borne) thenvato gic }t]mth of Teſuſ Chriſt,which doth vnanſwerably dete& the pride & vanity of the Aomiſſ ith. But to leaue ſpeaking of the conception of toadeſ in women,we wil proceed furcher vn—= to their generation in the ſtomackſ & bellieſ of men, wherofthere maymore eaſily a rea= ſon beginen then of the former. Now although that in the eatth toadeſ are generated o putrified earth & waterſ, yet ſuch a generation cannot be in the body ofman,for although there be much putriſadGion in vſ, yetnot ſo much aſ to ingender boneſ & otherorgyn"ſ» ſuch aſ are in toadeſ ; aſ for wormeſ they are all fleſh,& may more eaſily be conceined of je the putrifaCion in our ſtomackſ. Butthen you wil ſay how comeſ it to paſle thatinmenſ ſtomackſ there are found frogſ & teoadeſ? I anſwer that thiſ cuill hapneth vnto ſuch men aſ drinke water,for by drinking of water ,a toadeſ egge may eaſily ſlip into the ſtomack,& there being of a viſcouſ nature, cleaueth faſt to the rough partſ ofthe ventricle, and it be— ing of a contrary nature to man, can neuer be diſgeſted or auoyded , and for that cauſe,the iing yenome " 3 Of the Toade. venhome thatiſ in it, neuer pocth out of the Skin of theeege, cither in operation or in fub ſtance, to poyſiſon the gthcr parteſ of the body, but thcr%gremaincth ſivmPiH the cg;c[ lloſc:1 %cſi};ct med into a Tdade, without doing further harme : and from henceit cometh that toade; are breddein the bodieſ ofmen, where they may aſ well line without ayre, aſ they doe in thenmidſtof Treeſ and Rockſ, and yet afterwardſ, theſe Toadeſ doc Killthe bodieſ they are bredde in. For the venome iſ ſo tempered , that at laſt it worketh when it iſ comic to riperefle;enen aſ wee ſee it iſ almoſt an vſuall thin g , to take a poyſon , whole operation ſhall not be perceinued, tillmany dayeſ, weekeſ, or monthſ after., — . iailſ: Forthe caſting our of ſuch a Toade bredde in the body, thiſ medicine iſ þre(brilzſicd & 10 They take a Serpent and bowell him, then they cut offthe head and the rayle, the teſidue of the body they likewiſe part into ſmall peeceſ, which they ſeeth in water, & rakeoffthe fatte whichſwymmeth at the toppe, which the ſicke perſon drinketh ; viitill by vomiting he anoyde allthe Toadeſ in hiſ ſtomacke, afterwardſ he muſt vſe reſtorative and aromat— ticallmedicineſ. And thuſ much may ſuffice for the ordinary! and exttacrdinary genera» tion of Toadeſ. i > Theſe Toadeſ doe not leape aſ Froggeſ doe, burbecauſe of their ſwelling bodieſ and ſhort leggeſ;y theyr pace iſ a ſoftcreeping.pace, yet ſome—timeſ in anger they life vp them— ſelueſ, endenuouring to doce harme, for great iſ theyr watch, obſtinacie, and deſire to be re— uenged vpon their aductſarieſ, eſpecially the Redde—To ade, for looke howe much her co— _ 20 lour inclineth to redneſſe; ſo much iſ her wrath and venome more peſtilent . If ſhcerake hold of any thing in her mouth, ſhc will neucr let it goc till ſhee dic, and many timeſ ſhee ſendeth forch poyſon out of her buttockſ or backer partſ, whete—withall ſhe infeð the ayre, forreuenge of them that doe annoy her : and it iſ well obſcrued that ſhee knoweth the weakeneſ ofher tecth, & therefore for her defence ſhe firſt of all gatherethabundance of ayre into her body, where—withall ſhe greatly ſwelleth , and then by ſighing , vitercth that infected ayre aſ neere the perſon that offendeth her aſ ſhe can, and thuſ ſhee worketh her reuenge, killing by the poyſon of her breath. The colour of thiſ poyſon iſ like mailke, of which I will ſpeake afterward, particularly by it ſelfe. A Toade iſ of a moſt cold temptiament, and badde conſtitution of natute, & it vſeth , 30 one certaine herbe where—withall it preſerneth the ſight, and alſo reſiſteth the poyſon of Spyderſ, whcreof 1 hauc heard thiſ credible hiſtory related, from the mouth of a trirc ho— nourable man, and one of the moſt charitable Peereſ of England, namely ,che good Earle of Bedford, and I waſ requeſted to ſet it downe for truth;, for it may be inſtified by manie now aline which ſaw the ſame.: Ey ; — It fortuned aſ the ſaid Earle trauailed in Bedfordſhire, neere vnto a Market—towne cal— led Owboxrneſome of hiſ company eſpyed a Toade fighting with a Spider,vnder a hedge in a bottome, by the high—way—ſide, whereat they ſtood ſtill, vntill the Earle their Lord and Maiſter came alſo to behold the ſame ; and there he ſaw how the Spyder ſtillkept het ſtanding, and the Toade diuerſ timeſ went backe from the Spyder , and did eate a pecce 4o ofan herbe; which to hiſ iidgement waſ like a Plantine—* At thelaſt, the Earle hauing ſeene the Toade doe it often, and ſtill returne to the combar againſt thc Spyder, hec com— maunded one of hiſ men to goe and with hiſ dagger to cutte offthat herbc, which he per. formed and brotight it away: Preſently after the Toade returned to ſeekeit; and not find— ing it according to her expectation, ſwelled & broke in peeceſ : for hauing receined poy— ſon from the Spyder in the combat, nature taught her the vertue of thatherbe , to expcll and dfine it ontt, but wanting the herbc, the poyſon did inſtantly worke and d,g{cthpy her. And thiſ (aſ I am informed) waſ oftentimeſ related by the Earle of Bedford himiſclfe vp— pon ſuhdry Occaſionſ, and therefore I am the boldet to mſcx:t it into thiſ ſtory.. 3 . I doethe more caſily belecue it, becauſe of another like hiſtory, related by Ezaſmaſ in go hiſ booke of friendthip, hapning likewiſe in England , in manner aſ followeth . There waſ a Monke who had in hiſ Chamber divnerſ bundleſ of: grccncſi-ruſhcs,whcrc-wuball he veed to ſtrow hiſ chamber at hiſ pleaſure, it hapnec ſlecpe vpon one of thoſe bundleſ of tuſheſ, with hiſ face vpwar ain: a great Toade came and ſate vpon hiſ lypſ, beſtryding them in ſuch manner aſ hiſ whole mouth waſ tcoucted; Now whien hiſ felloweſ ſawe it they were at their witſ cid, for tſſctſi pu d on a day after dinner , that hee fell a— _ d,and while he there ſlepe 192 : The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. puilaway the Toade waſ an vnauoydabledeath, but to ſuffer her to ſtand ftill Ippon hiſ mouth, waſ a thing more cruell then death : and thereforeone of them cſpying a Spiderſ webbe in the window, wherein waſ a great Spyder, hedid aduiſe that the Monke ſhould be carriedito that window , and layd with hiſ face vpward right vnderneath; the Spyderſ; webbe, which waſpreſently accompliſhed. And aſ ſoone aſ the Spyderfaw her aduer. ric the Toade, ſhc preſently woue her thred, and deſcended doyyne vpon theiToade , at the firſt mccting whereof, the Spyder wounded the Toade, ſo. that it ſwelled; and at the ſecond meeting it ſwelled more, but at the third time the Spydetkild the Toade ,; and ſo becamegratefull to her Hoſt which did noutiſh her in hiſ Clamber yfor atthe chird time the Toade leaped.off from the manſ mouth, and ſwelled to death, but the—man waſpre ſerued whole and aline. And thuſ much may ſuffice for the antipathy nawrebetwixt the Toade and the Spyder. I ti; 13 bBiriy The Mole iſ alſo an enemy to the Toade, for aſ Albertuſ writeth, he hinilelſe ſawe al T oade erying aboue the earch very bitterly, for a Mole did hold her faſt by the leg within the earth, labouting to pull her in againe, whilſt the other ſtrouc to gette out of her teethy and ſo on the other—ſide, the Toadeſ doe eate the Moleſ when they be dead .. They are alſo at variance with the Lizard, and all kindſ of Serpentſ, and whenſoeucerit receineth a— hy wound by them, it cureth it elfe by eating of Plantine. The Cat doth alſo kill Ser— pentſ and Toadeſ, but cateth them not, and vnleſſe fhe preſently drinke, ſhe dyeth for itſ The Buzard and the Hawke are deſtroyerſ of Toadeſ, but the Storke neuer deſtroyetha Toade to cate it, except in extremitic, of famine, whereby iſ gathered the venomouſ na. ture of the Toade. _ ! i Now to conclude, the premiſſeſ conſidered which haue beenc ſaid of the Toade, the vſeſ that are to folloy are not many , except thoſe which are already related in the Frog, When the Spanyardſ were in Bragwa , an Iland of the Newe—fownd—World , they were brought to ſuch extremitic offamine, that a ſicke—man amongſt them waſ forced to cate two Tordeſ, which he bought for two peeceſ of Gold—lace, worth in Spaniſh monie ſixe Ducketſ. I doe maruell why in auncient time the Kingſ of Fraunce gaue in their Armeſ the three Toadeſ in a yellow ficlde, the which were afterwardſ changed by Clodonemſ in— to three Flower—deluſeeſ in a field Azure, aſ Armeſ ſent vnto him from Heauen, 30 W hen the Troyanſ dwelt necre Mezer#ſ, after the deſtruSion of Ttoy, they were ve. ry much annoyed by the Gotheſ, wherefore Marcomirxſ their King, determined to leaue that Country,and to ſeeke ſome—where elſe a more quiet habitation. Being thuſ minded, he waſ admoniſhed by an Oracle that he fhould goe and dwell in that Country where the River Rhewe falleth into the Sea,and he waſ alſo ſtirred vp to take vpon him thatiourney, by a certaine Magitian—woman, called Alrunna,tor thiſ cunning VW oman canſed in the night—time a deformed appartion to come yvnto him,hauing three headſ,one of an Eagle, another of a Toade, and the third of a Lyon, and the Eagleſ head did ſpeake vnto himin thiſ mannetr, Geonſ tuum 6 Marcomire opprimet me, et conculcabit Leonem et interfiiet bu=. fenem, that iſ to ſay , Thy ſtocke or poſteritie, 0 Marcomiruſ , ſhall oppreſſe mec, itſhall 4@ tread the Lyon vnder—foote, and kill the Toade. By which wordeſ hee gathered, thathiſ poſteritie ſhould rule oner the Romanſ, ſignified by the Eagle, & ouer the Germanſ, ſig— nified by the Lyon, and oucr the French, ſignified by the Toade, becauſe the Toade, aſ we haue ſaid, waſ the auncient Armeſ of Fraunce. } It iſ an opinion held by ſome VW riterſ,chat the VW eaſelſ of the water doe inigender in copulation with the Toadeſ of the water, for in their moutheſ , and feete ofthcyrbellic, they doe reſemble them. V Vhereypon theſe verſeſ were made; f } Bufoneſ gigno putrida tellure [cpulta, Humoreſ pluvi forte quod anibo ſumuſ; i 52 Humet iſ etfriget mea'ſiſ viſ humet et alget; Cumperit in terra quiprinuſ igtaiſ eyat, (W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; Euriecd inrotten earth, forth Toadeſ I bring, Perhapſ becauſe we both are made of rayne That'ſ Oſi the Tbrzccte. —*That'ſ meyſ? and cold, mojſt I, and enuer fieezinctjſſ*ſi When'in the earth, that force from fire came., And thuſ we will deſcend to diſcourſe of the Toadeſ poyſon, and of the ſpeciall Feme— _ dieſ appoynted forthe ſamev Fitſttherefore, all manner of Toadeſ,; bothofthe earthAnd _ ofthe water are venomouſ, although it be held that the toadeſ of the carth are more poy— _ fonfull then the toadeſ ofthe water, exeeptthoſe Toadeſ of the water which doe receinue _ infection or poyſon from thewater, for ſomic waterſ are venomouſ. But the toadeſ of the __ Land, which doe deſcend into the Marſheſ, and ſo live in both elementſ, are moſt yend—= 10 mouſ, and the hotterthe Countty iſ, the morefullarethey of poyſon. ©* 7 U 0 The Women—witcheſ of auncient time/ which killed by poyſoning , didmuch vſe Toadeſ in their confe@ionſ, which cauſed the Poer in hiſ verſeſ to write aſ followeth. Occuryit Matrona potenſ quamolle Calenum . { PorrefFiira vire, miſcet [ciente yubetam. W hich may be ctigliſhed thuſy ?—= !09 \, 3 There came a rich Mation, who mixed Calen wine, **— With poyſon of Toxdeſ to kill her ſpouſe, 6 deadiy tvimreſ And againc in another place,— '©*>* . to4 1 11 Funuſpromittere patriſ nec volo nec poſſum, Ranarutia in viſcera nunquarmi inſþexi, ' In Engliſh thuſ ' MBK 20 TY cannorwillof Fatherſ death apromiſe make, For of Toadeſ poyſon T newer yet aview didtake, When an Aſpe hath earen a Toade;thcitbyting iſ incurable, and the Beareſ of Pam— phylia and Sylitia becing killed by menafter that they hane eaten Saltmanderſ or toadeſ, doc poyſon their eaterſ. W'e haueſaidialready that a toadehath two'litierſ, & although both of them are corrupted, yet the one of them iſ ſaid to be full of poyſon, and the other 9 to reſiſt poyſon. 'The byting of a Toade, although itbeildome, yet it iſ venomouſ , and _ cauſeth the body to ſwell and to breake, eyther by Impoſtumation, or otherwiſe, againſt _ which iſ to beapplyed common Antidoteſ; aſ womenſ milke , Triacle, rooteſ of Sea— holme, and ſuch other thingſ. Theſpettlealſo of T oadeſ iſ venomoiſ, for if it fall ypon aman, it cauſeth all hiſ hayre to fall off from hiſ head ; againſt thiſ evill Parace//@ſ preſcri— E beth a plaiſtet'of carcth, mixed with theſpettle of a man. } > : & ) The common—people doe call that hurwour which commeth out of the buttockſ of a ) Toade when ſhe ſwellethy the vrine of a Toade, and a man moyſtned wiL}ſſ) the ſame, be— __ piſfſed with a Toade 5 but the beſt remedy for 'thiſ euill, iſ ſſſſrh'e milke of a worman, for aſ it, — reſembleth the poyſon in colout, ſo doth'it reſiſt it in nature. "The bodieſ of toadeſ dryed o andſo drunke in W inc after they be beaten to powderjare a moſt ſtrong poyſon,apainſt | which and all other ſuch poyſon of Toadeſ, it iſ good to take Plantine'and blacke Helly— . _ bote, Sea—crabſ dryed to powder and drunke, the ſtalkeſ of doggeſ—tongue , the powder of the right—horne of a Hart, the melt, ſpleene, and bart of a_Toafk-. Alſo cefraine fiſheſ called Shell—crabbeſ,the blood ofthe Sea—Torteyſemixed with wine , Cummin, and the rennet of a Hare. Alſo the blood of a Torteyſe of the Land mixed with Barley—meale, & — thequinteſſence of Triacle & oyle of Scorpionſ, all theſe thingſ are very pretiouſ againſt _ the poyſon of Serpentſ and Toadeſ. . ifaveineiſ baſ attr| A a | W'e hane promiſed in the ſtory of the Frogge, to_ct,exp_rſſcffi: in thiſ place ſuch remedieſ, — aAſthelearned Phiſitianſ bauc obſerued for the cure of the poyſon of Froggeſ. Firſt there— j0 fore, the poyſon of the Frogge cauſeth ſwelling in the body, depelieththe colourf 4 ſbnn g% eth difficultie of breathing, maketh the breath ſtrong, and an involuntary profuſion Lc,)> ſeede, with a generall dulneſ and reſtineſ of body : for remedy whereof , ICÞK[WP'MUC z_ inforced to vomit by drinking ſweet—wine, and two dramſ of the powder ſic} dthc drczlorc 0 Reedeſ or Cyprefſſe. Alſo he muſt be inforced (oſiWQct!klſ]g and running, be l: eſ dat YNQZ' ſhing, But if a Feauer follow the poyſon or burm%g in the extremitieſ, let the vomit be 0 wacer r04 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. water and oyle, or wine and pitch ; orlet him .drinke the blood of a Sea—Torteyſe; mixed with Cummine, and the rennet of a Hare, or'elſ ſweat in a Eurnaceor hore: houſe a lo, time ; beſideſ many other ſuch like remedieſ, which euery Phiſitian , botk by Experience and reading, iſ able to miniſter in caſeſ of neteſſitic, and therefore I will.ſpare mMy further piifics from expreſſing them in thiſ place , and paſſe, on to'the medicinall (yertueſ of the Toade, and ſo concludethiſ hiſtory. dydzi dono: i W e haue ſhewed already that the Toadd iſ a cold ereature;and thereforethe ſame ſod in water, and the body annoynted there—with; cauſeth hayre to fall off (rom the memberſ oa annoynted, There iſ a medicine much commended againſtthe Gowte, which iſ thiſ : Take fixe pound of the rooteſ of V ilde—cucumber, fixe pound of ſweet oyle of the ma;. trow of Hartſ, Turpentine, and Wiaxe, ofeyther ſixe ounceſ, and ſixe Toadeſ alive; the which Toadeſ muſt be bored through thefootc,, and hanged by a thred in the oyle yntil} they grow yellow, then take them out of the oyle by rh_c thredſ, and put into the Gaid oyle the ſlyced roote of Cucumber, and thereletit ſeeth yntilball:the—vertue be left in the oyle, Afterwardſ melt the Waxeand Turpentine, and then purthetmaltogether in a olaſie, ſ5 vſe them morning and cuening againſt the Gowte, Sciatica and paineſ of theſineweſ, & it hath beene ſcene that they which haue lyen longficke, haue beene cured thercof, and growne perfeetly wel & able to walke.. Some, hauce added yatouhiſ medicine oyle of Saf. fron, Opobal/ſamum, blood of T orteyſeſ, oyle of Sabyne, Swyneſ—greace, Quickſiluer, & oyle ot Bayeſ. ey TSB Avind Se rat to For the ſcabbeſ of horſeſ, they take a Toadekilled in wineand.water,and ſo ſodde in a brazen veſſell, and afterwardſ annoynt the horſe with theligriour thereof; It iſ alſo ſaide that Toadeſ dryed in ſmoake, or any peece of them carriedabout one in a lynnen—clocth, doe ſtay the blecding at the noſe. And thiſ Fzederickethe Duke of Saxonic waſ wont to practiſc in thiſ maner ; he had euer a Toade pierced through with a peece of wood, which Toade.waſ driedin the ſnoake or ſhadow, thiſ he roled in a lynnen cloth, and when hee came to a man bleeding at the noſe,hc cauſed him to hold it faſt in hiſ hand—yntillit waxed hote, and then would the blood be ſtayed. VV.hereof the Phiſitianſ could neuer giue any reaſon, except horrour and feare conſtrained the blood to runne into hiſ proper place, through feare of a beaſt ſo contrary.to humane nature. The.poyyder alſo of a toade iſ ſaid 39 to hauc the ſame verrue, according to thiſ verſe; het H5w G+vt rifiinſ o _ Buſoviiuſ ſiftit.nature dotecrnoremſ InEoglſh thuſ; :—. . { an> A Toade that iſ burned to Aſbeſ and duſt, Stayeſ blecding by gift of Nature.iuſt, . The ſkinne of a Toadc, and ſhelliof a Torteyſe, either burned or dryed to powder,cu= reth the Fiſtulaeſ : Some adde heere—voto the rooteof Laurelland henne—dunge, flt % oyle of Malloweſ. Theeyeſ of the Toade are receined in oyntment againſt the wormeſ 40 of thebelly. And thuſ much ſhal ſuffice to haue ſpoken of the hiſtory of the toade & forgſ. OF THE GREENE SERPENT. 2ary N Valoiſ there are certaine Greehe—ſerpentſ, which of their colour are cal. AC G Dl| led Gzanling, and I take them to be the ſamec which Ze/jchinſ called Saw— &)\| rite, and Pliny by a kind ofexcellency, Snakeſ; of whom we ſhall ſpeake A\| afterwardſ, for I hauc no more to ſay of the at thiſ preſent, but thar they are very venomouſ. And it may be that of theſe camme the common pro> _, I ceormra d41| verbe, Latet Anguiſ ſ#b herba, vnder the greeneherbe lyeth the Greene Snake , for it iſ a ftiendly admonition vato yſ to beware of afalſhoode coutred vyvith 3 truch like vnto it, HSU SE RS & OF 19 38 40 go Of the Hmorrbe. 193 OF THE HXEMORRHE, 59 j| Hiſ Serpent hath ſuch a name given ynto it,aſ the effe& oftiiſ by< 5 | ting worketh in the bodieſ of men , for it iſ called in Latine F— morrhowſ, to ſiguifie vnto vſ the male , and ZHemorrhoiſ to ſigni— } fic the female, both of them being deriued from the Greeke word Aima, which ſignificch blood, and Reo, which ſignifieth to flow; becauſe whomlocuer it byteth, it maketh in acontinuall bleeding J ſweat, with extremitie of paine yntill it dic. It iſ alſo called Ajfod#— ———— uſ, and Afudiuſ, Sabrine , and Halſordinſ, or Alſordiuſ, which are but corrupted barbarouſ nameſ from the truc and firſt word Aemorrhuſ. : Ic_ls_douþtfu'.l whether thiſ be to be aſcribed to the Aſpeſ or to the Viperſ, for J//doymſ ſaith it iſ a kind of Aſpe, and E/amuſ, a kind of Viper, They are of a ſandy colour , and in length not paſt one foote, or three handfullſ , whoſe tayle iſ very ſharpe or ſmall , theyt eyeſ are of a fiery—flaming.colour, their head ſmall, but hath vppon it the appearance of horneſ. VV hen they goe, they goe ſtraight and ſlowly , aſ it wete halting and wearilic; whoſe pace iſ thuſ deſcribed by Wicander. Et infter Ipſiuſ oblique ſuaparvaula terga Cerait e Clandicat : ex medio videaſ appellere dorſo Parvum nawigium, terit imam lubrica terram Alvuſ,et hand alio tacite trabit iliamotu, Ac per arundineum {i tran/cat illa grabatum. InEogliſh thuſ; And like the Horned—ſerpent, ſo trayleſ thiſ elfe on land; Aſ though on backe alittle boate it draue, Hiſ {lyding belly neakeſ path beſcene in ſand, Aſ when by bedde of Reedeſ ſhe goeſ her life to ſane, _'The ſcaleſ of thiſ Serpent are rough & ſharpe, for which cauſe they make a noyſe whe they goc on the earth ;thefemale reſteth herſelfe vppon her lower part neere her tayle, creeping altogether vppon her belly, and neuer holdeth vp her head, but the male when he gocth holdeth vp hiſ head : theyr bodicſ are all ſet ouer with blacke ſpotſ , and them— ſelueſ are thuſ paraphraſtically deſcribed by Nicazder. Vnum longa pedem,totoly gracillimatraciu, Igzneaquandoi, eſt, quandolh, eſt candidaforma, Contſtrittumg, ſatiſ collum , ct temuiſSina canda. Bina ſuper gelidoſ oculoſfyonſ cornua profert, Splendentum quadam radiorum albentia luce, Sylueſtreſvt apeſ, populatriceſique Locuie > . Inſuper horribile ac aſprum caput horret. VWW hich may be engliſhed in thiſ manner following ; S 2 One The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Onfootein length, and [lender all along; Sometime of frery hue, ſometime milke—White it iſ; The necke bound in, and tayjle moſt thinne and ſtrong, Whoſe fore—head hath two horneſ aboue cold eyeſ > Which in theyr light reſemble ſhining beameſ, Like Becſ fullwilde, or Locuſtſ ſpoylerſ bredde, But yet to looke vpon all horrible in ſcameſ, For why ? the cruell Bore they ſbew in head. Rimoſaſ colit illa petraſ, ſibique aſpera tella, Et modice pendenſ facit, inflexumgue cabile. Th Engliſh thuſ ; The chinckſ of Rockſ and paſſageſ in ſtone They dwell, wherein their lodgingſ bare, AA little hanging made for enery one, And bending too, theyr [leepie harbourſ ar eſ It iſ faid that Caxpbuſ the Gouernour of Memelawſ, chaunced t6 fall vpon thiſ Serpent; in reuenge whereof Zelep hiſ charge,the wife of Merelawſ broke hiſ backe—bone, and that euer ſince that time they creepe lamely ,and aſ it were without loyneſ ; which fable iſ ex, eellentlic thuſ deſcribed by Nicender : Quondam animoſa Helene cigni Toviſ inclyta proleſ Ener/aredienſ Troia (niſi vana vetuitaſ ) Huic indignata eſt generi Phariaſ, vt ad oraſ Venit,& adwuerſit declinanſ flamina venti, Fludtmagam ſtatuit inxta Nili oitia claſſem. Namque vhi nauclernſ ſefeſſum forte Canobuſ Sterneret , et bibuliſ fuſuſ dormiret areniſ : Laſavenenoſoſ Hemorrhoiſ impulitictuſ, IWlatamque tulit letali dente quictem : . Protinuſ onipera cernenſ id filia Lede Oppreſſemedium ſerpentifernuida dorſum JInfregit, triteque excuſſit vincule ſþine, Que fragult illinſ ſic demptat corpore fugit, Et gracileſ Hemorrhoi, obliquid, Ceraſte Ex hoc clauda trahunt iam /oli tempore membra, W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; Once noble Helen, Ioneſ child by Swan—like ſbape, Returning backe from Troy, deſtrayed by Gracianwarre, ( If that our Auncientſ doe not with fableſ vſ be—clappe) Thiſ race waſ emuyed by Pharidſ anger farre. When to hiſ ſhoreſ for (afety they didcome, Declyning rage of bluſtering windy Seaſ, Water—byding— Nauy at Niluſ mouth ganrunne, Where Canobuſ all tyred fayntedfor [ome eaſe ; For there thiſ Pilot, or Maiſter of the Flecte,; Did haſt from boate to fleepe in drery ſand, Where he did feele the teeth of Hemorrhe deepe, Wounding hiſ body with poyſon , deathſ owne hand, But when egge—breeding Ledaeſ wench eſſycd They keepe in Rockſ, and ſtony placeſ of the houſeſ and earth , making theyr denneſ — winding and hanging; according to theſe verſeſ 5 t9 30 40 . * Of the Hemorrhe: 197 | Thiſ harme , ſhe preſt the Serpentſ backe with )ſtroke; E } i 3 —Whereby the bandſ thereof were dlluntyed, Which ininſÞ wrath for iuſt renenge ſhe broke. So ener—ſince, out of thiſ Serventſ frame And body they are taken, which iſ the can ,ſe That C evraſiſ and leane Hemorrhſare ener lame, Drawing their partſ on tarth by hatureſ laweſ. They which are ſtunge with there Haxmorthſ; do ſuffer very intollerable tormentſ,for 39 out of the wound continually floweth blood, and the excrementſ allo that commeth out E of the belly are bloody , or ſometimeſ littlerouleſ of blood in fteed of excrementſ . The — \ colour of the placebitten iſ black, or of a dead bloody colour,out of which nothing flow— E . ethar the beginning but a certaine watery humour, then followeth paine in the ſtomack, 9 and difficultic of breathing. Laſtly, the powerſ of the body are broken, & opened, ſo that — #&" out of the mouth, gumbſ, careſ, eyeſ, fingerſ—endſ, nayleſ of the feete , and privie partſ, continually iſſueth blood , vntill a crampe alſo come, & then followeth death,aſ we reade in L#cap of onc Tellſ a young noble man, ſlaine by thiſ Serpent, deſctibed aſ followeth. Impreſſit denteſ Hamoryhoiſ aſper a Tullo Magnanimoiwveni, miratorig,Catoniſ : Vtg, ſolet pariter totiſ ſe effundere ſigniſ Coricif preſſura eroci: ſic omniaanembra Emiſtre ſimulrutilum pro ſanguine virtſ, Sanguiſ exant lachrime : qugcunqueformninanovit Humor, ab ijſ largnſ manat cruor; ora redundant, Et patule nayeſ, [ador rubet, omniapleniſ . Membr a fluwnt ventſ : totum eſt pro vulnere corpuſ, In Engliſh thuſ ; \ The Hemorrhe frerce, in noble Tulluſ faſtened teeth 30 That valiant youth, great Catoeſ ſcholler deere : And aſ when Saffron by Corycianſ ſkecth Iſ preit , and in hiſ colour on them all appeare ; So all hiſ partſ ſentfortira poyſon redde In ſieced of blood : Nay all in blood went round. Blood waſ hiſ teareſ, all paſſageſ of it were ſpedde, For out of mouth and eareſ did blood abound: | Blood waſ hiſ ſweat, each part hiſ veyne out—bleedeſ, | And all the body blood that one tvoundftedeſ. 20 40 The cure of thiſ Setrpent, in the opinion ofthe Auncientſ, waſ thought ifipofſible, aſ &ritech Div/corideſ, and thereof they complainevery much, vſing onely comtmon reme. | dieſ, aſ ſcarification, vſtionſ, ſharpe meateſ, and ſuch thingeſ aſ are alrcady'rcmcmbcrcd | in the cure of the Dipſaſ. But beſideſ theſe theylvſe Vine—eaneſ, fitſt bruſed and then ſod } with Hony : they take alſo the head of thiſ Serpent and burneit to powder, and ſo drinke it, or elſ Garlicke with oyle of Flower—deluce; they give them alſo to eate Reiſinſ of the Sunne. And beſideſ; they refiſt the eruption: of the blood, with plaiſterſ layde to the } place bitten, made of V ine—lcaueſ and hony, or the leaucſ Qf I?urflame and Barlgy-mca'le. } But before theyr vrine turne bloody;let them cate much Garlickſtamped, & mixed with oyle to cauſe them to vomit, and drinke wine delayed with water, then let the wound be g0 waſhed with cold water, and the bladder continually fomented withhot Spungeſ. Some doe make the cure ofit like the cure of the Viper , and they preſcribe them go eate hard— eggeſ with Salt—fiſh, and beſideſ, the ſeed of Radiſh, thc inyceof: Poppy, V_vlth thſ: rooteſ of Lilly, alſo Daffadiliand Rew, Trefolie, Caſſia, Oponax, & Cinamon in potion : and to conclude, the flowerſ and budſ of the buſh ate vety profirable againſt the byting of the Hzmorthe, and ſo I end thehiſtory of thiſ Serpent. er er icain 4 || OE T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. OF THE HORNED SERPENT, IQ T ' Hiſ Serpent becauſe of hiſ horneſ (alchough it be akindeof Vi— 25 (\|} per) iſ cZHcd in Greeke Kera@eſ, and from thence commeth the "II Latine word Cerafzeſ, and the Arabian, Cerwuſ?, and Ceruſteſ. It IJ || iſ called alſo in Latine Cezi#aliſ, Criftaliſ, Sirtaliſ, and Triſtalive 25 {04\| All which are corrupted wordeſ, derined from Cerafteſ, ot elſe from one another, and therefore I thinke it not fit to ſtand vpon them. The Hebreweſ call it Sehephjphon , the Italianſ Cerafteſ, 70 the Germanſ Ey gebnrate ſchlang the FrenchV» Ceraite, vn ſcr— pent cornu, that iſ, a horned Serpent ; and therefore Lhauc ſo called it in Engliſh , imita— ting herein both the French and Germanſ. I will not ſtand about the difference of Authorſ, whether thiſ Serpent be to berefer— red to the Aſpeſ or to the Viperſ, for it iſ not a poynt materiall, and therefore I will pro— ceede to the deſcription of hiſ nature, that by hiſ whole hiſtory , the Reader may chooſe whether he wilaccount him a ſubordinatekind vnto otherſ,or elſ a principall of himſelfe. 30 It iſ an Afftican Serpent, bredde in the Zyb/a7 ſandie—ſeaſ, placeſ not inhabited by men, for the huge mountaineſ of ſandſare ſooften mooued by the windeſ, that it iſ not onclie impoſſible for men to dwell there,but alſo very dangerouſ & perrillouſ to traucll through them, for that many timeſ whole troopeſ ofmenand cattell, are in an inſtant ouerwhel— med and buried in thoſe fandſ; And thiſ iſ a wonderfull worke of God, that thoſe placeſ which are leaſt habitable for man, are moſt of all anoyed with the moſt dangerouſ byting Serpentſ. \ It iſ alſo ſaid, that once theſe Horned—ſerpentſ departed out of Zybiſ into Egppt,wherc they depopulated all the Country. Their habitation iſ neere the high—waicſ, in the ſandſ, ancbviider Cartiwhegleſ vand when they goe,they make both a ſound with theirmotion, 40 andalſoafurrow in the carch, according to the ſaying of Nicazder. — 0 Exigſ alter echiſ velocibuſ obuia ſpiniſ, © o ©2.009,Re&Totergatibi prolixuſ tramite ducit, orlſ 71 00 Sedmediodiffuſiuſ hic cerafteſ ſe corpore voluit: ad; o3 © Curunm erranſperiter, reſonantibuſ aſper a [quamiſ \Qnualiter equored longiſſiona gurgite pauiſ, Qnamidlentuſ agit minc huc;nunc Apbhricuſ illuc, i Pelliturzevlaterum gemebupda fragore ſtworwm 3Z VExtra [@leandaſ ſinnoſe fludwat vndaſ. Wt Navt Whichmay be engliſhed thuſ; : e " "ibiw vOftheſethePViper with ſwift boneſ theemreteſ, Trayling herbacke in path dire@Z and ſiraite, The Cerait more diffuſed in way thee greetſ With crooked turning, on ſcaleſ make ſoundſ full great + 4 \| Like Of the Horned—Serpent, Like aſ aſhip toſſed by the Weſterne wind, Soundſ a far off , moowed now here; now there,; So that by noyſe of ſprilling ſideſ we find Hiſ furroweſ turned in Seaſ and water ſphere. The quantity of thiſ horned—ferpent iſ not great, irexceedethnottwo cubitſ in lengthſ the colour of the body iſ branded like ſande, yetmingled with another pale whitecolour, aſ iſ to be ſeene in a Hareſ ſkinne. Vpon the head there are two Horneſ, and/ſometimeſ 1 0 4.for which occaſion it hath receined the name Ceraſfeſ,& withtheſe horneſ they deceiue Birdeſ; for when they are an hungry, they couer their bodieſ: in Sand , and onely leaue their horneſ vncoucred to mouc abou the earth, which when the Birdſ ſeeztaking them to be Wormeſ, they light vpon them, and ſo are devoured by the Serpent.. The teeth of thiſ Serpent are like the teeth of a Viper, & they ſtand equall and not crooked: In ſtead of a back—bone they haue a griſtle throughout their body, which maketh them more flexible & apt to bend cuery way :for indced they are more flexible then any other ſerpent. They have certaine red ſtrakeſ croſſe theyr backe like aſſCrocodilc ofthe earth, and the ſkinſ of ſuch aſ are bred in Egypt are very ſoft,ſtretching like a Cheuerell—gloue,both in length & breadth, aſ it did appeare by a certaine ſkinnetaken offfrom one being dead : for becing 20 ſtuffed with Hay,it ſhewed much greater then it waſ being alive, but in other Countricſ the ſkinſ are not ſo. T hauc heard thiſ Hiſtory ofthree of theſe Serpentſ brought out of Turky, and given to a Noble man of Vexice aliue, who preſerued them aliue in a great glaſſe, (made of pur— , poſe)vpon ſand, in that glaſſe nere the fire : The deſeriprion aſ it here followeth, waſ take by John Faltoner, an Engliſh traucller,ſaying. They were three in number, whereof one waſ thrice ſo bigge aſ the other two, and thatwaſ a Female, and ſhewaſ ſaidto be theyt Mother : ſhc had layd at that time in the ſandeſ foure or fiue eggeſ ; about the/ bigncſſe of Pigeonſ eggeſ. Shewaſ inlength three foote, but in breadth or quantity almoſtſo big aſ a manſ Arme :herhead waſ flat, and broad aſtwo fingerſ, the apple of the eyeblacke 30 all the other part being white. 5 iild Out ofher cye—lidſ grew two horneſ, but they were ſhort oneſ, and thoſe were truely Horneſ, and not fleſh. The necke compared with the body waſ yery longand ſmall, all the vpper part of the ſkinne waſ conered with ſcaleſ, of aſh—colour, and yer mixed vvith blacke.The tayle iſ aſ it were brown wht itwaſſtretched out And thiſ waſ thedeſcripti— on ofthe old one : the other two being like to her in all thingſ, exceptin theit horneſ, for being ſmall, they were not yet growne . Generally, all theſe—horned. Serpentſ haue hard dry ſcaleſ vpon their belly; wherewithall they make a noyſe whenthey go themſelueſ, & it iſ thuſ deſcribed by Nicazder; Dild oy Arorim2019 jFi 40 — Nune poteſ autum inſidiataremqu:; Cerfz(*fe_rz — Noſcere, vipereum veluti genuſ, huic quia difpar Non iſ corpuſ habet , ſed quatuor aut duo profert (Cornna,cum mutila videatirViperafronteſ ""— Squaliduſ albenti coloy eit . — * InEngliſh thuſ ——""* \* aY \— 5 4 % iPowwell may kpow the \trctegipſſlſſ!ſſerCerqſt: H0fe; 4 Viper—kind, whoſe bodieſ mich agree, . ___, " Yer theſefoure harneſ and brindy colour, poyſe; Wihiere Viper none, but —forchcadplaine we ſee. 5 ugo There iſ no Serpent except the Viper that can ſo long iqdute thirſt, aſ ?n:ſ þoxx;efi;fidr-. pent, for they ſeldome or neuer drinke ; and therefore I thinke the){ are of a qcz_crh t 1. for beſideſ thiſ alſo it iſ obſerted, that their young oneſ do come I1 and optno t 'ſig & ci: licſ aſ Viperſ doc : The line in harred wWith all kind of Serpentſ, and eſpecial v 1\;vlt ſ pm derſ. The Haweſ of Egypt alſo doe deſtroy Horned—ſerpentſ and Scor91011s. ut abo S4 Thebeſ 200 — T he Hiſory of Serpentſ. Thebeſ in Exypt there are certain ſacred Snakeſ(aſ they are tearmed) which haue horneſ on their head, and theſe are harmeleſſe vntomen and beaſtſ, otherwiſeall theſe Serpentſ are virulent and violent againſt all creatureſ, eſpecially men : yet there bee certaine men in Libia called pſylt;, which are in a league, or rather in a naturall concord with Horned. Serpentſ. For if they beebitten by them at any time, they receineno hurt at all : and be. ſideſ, if they bec brought vnto any man that iſ bitten with one of theſe Serpentſ, before the poyſon be ſpred all ouer hiſ body , they help and cure him , for if they findc him but lightly hutt, they onely ſpet vpon the wound, and ſo mittigate the paine, but if they find him more deeply hurt, then they take much water within their teeth, and firſt waſh their owne mouthwithit, then ſpet out the water into a pot, and make the ſicke man to drinke itvp. Laſtly, ifthe poyſon bee yetſtrong , they lay their naked bodieſ vppon the naked poyſoned body, and ſo breake the force of the poyſon. And thiſ iſ thuſ deſcribed by the Poct, ſiying> ve © Audiuſ Lybicoſ Pſylloſ, quoſ aſpera Syrtiſ Serpentumane ferax patria alit popule:, Noepidiuinflitum dixo, morſutie venenum Ledere : quinleſiſ ferre & opem reliquiſ; Nonviradicumproprio ſedcorperetunito: *That iſ to ſay , 2 The Lybran Pſjlliwhich Serpent—breeding Syrteſ dwelt Aſ Lhane heard, do cure poyſon ſlingſ and byteſ, Ner hurt themſelneſ, but it in other quell : By no rooteſforce, but ioyning bodieſ quiteſſ When a Horned—Serpent hath bitten a man or beaſt, firſtabout the wound there grow: eth hardneſſe, and then puſtuleſ . Laſtly, blacke, earthy, and pale matter : the genitall metnbet Itandeth out ſtraight and neuer falleth, he falleth mad, hiſ eyeſ grotww dimme, & hiſ Nerueſ immanuable, and vppon the head of the wound groweth a ſcab like the head of a Naile, and continually pricking like the pricking of Needleſ : And becauſe thiſ Set— 30 pent iſ immoderately dry,therefore the poyſon iſ moſt pernitiouſ : for if it be not holpen within nine daieſ, the patient cannot eſcape death. The curemuſt be fitſt by cutting away the fleſh vnto the bone, where the wound iſ, or elſe the whole member if it can bee, then lay vpon the wound Goatſ dung ſodde with Vineger or Garlike, and Vineger or Barley Mcale, or the inyee of Cedar, Rue, or Nep, with Saltand Honny, or Pitch, and Barkey meale, and ſuch like thingeſ outwardly : inwardly Daffadill and Revy in drinke, Raddiſh— ſeede, Indian Cummen, with wine and Ca/Zoreum : and alſo Calamint, and enery thing thatprocureth yomit. And thuſ much for the deſcription of the Horned—Serpent. OF THE HY AN A. t or no, for it iſ not very like that there iſ any ſuch, and that thiſ Hyzena iſ the ?|| ſelfe ſame which iſ deſcribed to bee a Foure—footed—Beaſt, for that which iſ eu ſaid of that, iſ likewiſe attributed to thiſ.: namely,,that it changeth ſex,being " one yeare a Male, another yeere a female,and that the coupleſ which ſeeme to bee married together, do by continuallentercourſe , bring forth their young oneſ, ſo that the Male thiſ yeatre iſ the femalenext yearc,& the female thiſ yeare iſ the Malenext yeare. And thiſ iſ all that iſ ſaid ofthiſ Serpent. . go OF Of the Hydra. 64 OF THE HYDR A, SVPPOSED T be killed by Herculſſeſ. 9 —l. " ſ HEP 38 HE Poetſ do faine, that neare to the Fountaine Appce \| 24, there grew a Plantaine,vnder which waſ bred a Hydra which had ſecuen headſ : whercof one of theſe headſ vvaſ ſaid to bec immortall : with thiſ Hydra Zerceleſ did fight, for there waſ in that immortall head fuch a poyſon aſ vvaſ 7 yncurable ; wherewithall Hercu/eſ moyſtened the head of 0 30 40 50 Of the Jnnocent Serpent., 203 OF INNOCENT SERPENTS. F\ Doec read of two kindſ of Innocent Serperitſ, one call Lybieſ, be! cauſethey are onely in Afficke,and—neuct do hurt yotomen ,and )| therefore Micander waſ deccined, which maketh. thiſ kind of ſerſ peat to be the amewiththe Amodir, wholeſtingior tecth art yo— ry mortall aud deadly. There be alſo other kjndeſ of harmeleſic 1| Serpentſ, aſ that called Moluzmſ, AMwitaca, and Ajlacriſ, which iſ 4 {| faid to go vpon the taile, and it hath no n'otablſſdſipctxſidgcrcidcct':ſſ;cfic}ſi)ſic | ———————_——— 1 that one thing which giucth it the name, for Melura: iſ derined ;Czct_ſſ from Moltſ Ouron, that iſ hardly making water. T DRE biecn B Eu pavaringt ſ >> . ,Therebe alſo Domcſtics'.l_ſſl;idiſſzo_ceſſnt Serpentſ, Myagruſ, Oraphia, ;\ſi{ſſiyſictzthſi;ctrm—,\ſiwhſcfi Whether they be one kind or many, I willnot ſtand vppon,for they are all rearmed by che Germanſ, Hyſſwack, and Huſſchlang, that iſ a Houle—Snake . Theyline by hypting of ice and Weaſclſ, and vpon their headſ they haue two little earceſ, like to the careſ dF a Moule, and becauſe they be aſ blacke aſ coaleſ , The Italianſ call them Serpe—Nero, and Carbon,and garobonaxzz0, and the Erenca—men Anguille—de:Hay, that iſ, a Snake of hed— 20 geſ. There be ſome that noutiſh them in Glaſſeſ withſ brarine, and when they are at liberſ ty they live in Dunghilſ allo, wherein they breede ſometimeſ , they haue beene ſeenc to ſucke a Cow , for then they twiſt their caileſ about the Coweſ Leggeſ. Mazhrcluſ writcth, that the flcſh of thiſ Snake when'the head, taile, Intralſ, fat, and Gallare cuc off and caſk AWay, to be a ſpeciall remedy againſt the French—poxe, E 32 There are alſo other kindſ of Innocent Serpentſ, aſ that called Pazea, and in Iraly Ba ron, and Pagerina, which are brought out of the Eaſt, where theſe are bred. There be no other harmefull Serpentſ in that Countrey . They are.ofa yellow colour like Goid, and about four ſparineſ long : vpon either fidethey haue two lineſ'or ſtrakeſ, which beginne about a hand breadth from their necke, and end at their taile. They.are without poyſon, 30 aſ may appeare by the report of Geſrer , for hee did ſee a man holde the h&BAd aliye 1 hiſ __ And thuſ much ſhall ſuſſice to haue ſpoken of Innocent Serpentſ, OF THE LIZARD. Lthough there be many kindeſ of Lyzardſ; yetin'thiſ plice I will firſt intreate of the valgar Lyzard ; called in the Hoz. 2\| brew Lexaah, LEanigermiſþa,Lyſerda, Carbo, Pelipah,auid Eg— 7 || leſe. The Chaldganſ Haltetha, and Humera< The Atabianſ Ataia, Albathaie, or Albadaie; Hardun, Arab, Samabraſ, Sa— ambr aſ— Yhe Greecianſ in ancient time Sauzraſ5y and S. anray8% vulgarly at thiſ day K6li/ſawſa . The Italianſ in ſomeplaceſ Ligurd, Legure,Lucerta,and Lucertula: aboutTrent Ratant, and Ramarri,and yet Rowarro iſ allo vſed for a Toad., The | —= 3 Spaniardſ Lagdrt9, Lacerta, Lagartiſa;and Lagerdixa. The ) French Li/arde. The Germanſ Adax: and when they diſtinguiſh the Male ſromſſchc Fee ſſF male, they expreſſe the Male E#7 Egochſ, and the Female Zgleſ . In Heſſia Lydetſtch : In } Flanderſ & Illiria Geſſ/cieyka, and Geſſtier . The Latineſ Laceytuſ, andLarerta, bcczuſc . ithach armeſ and ſhoulderſ like a man, and for thiſ cauſe allo the S'alamandcr,-thc Stelliſ a on, the Crocodile, and Scorpionſ ate alſo called ſometimeſ Zacey?# Lyzardſ.( And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice for the name. .* > } ntochmy. — — The vulgar Lizard iſ deſcribed on thiſ ſort ; the ſkinne iſ hard and fullof ſcaleſ, accor— ding to thiſ ſaying of virgi//: / 5," EMo — ( 2 Abſiut e Auicenna, T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. _._ . Abjſint & pilti (qualentia terga Lacerti— TnEngliſh thuſ 5 & 1 Thoſe purt atvvay And painted Linardſ with their ſcalie backſ. "The colour ofit iſ pale, and diſtingniſhed with certain ruſty ſpotſ, aſ Plimy writeth, with long ſtrakeſ'or lineſ to the raile; but generally they are of many coloutſ, but the greene with the whitebelly lining in buſheſ hedgeſ,& iſ the moſt beautifull.and moſtreſpetted ; and of thiſ we thall peculiarly intreat hereafter. There haue beene ſome Lizardſ taken in the begitming of September , whoſe colour waſ like Braſſe, yet darke and duſky , and theit belly partly white, and partly of an earthy colout, but vpon either ſide they had cet. raiHlelittle pridkeſ or ſporteſ like princed Starreſ : their length waſ not paſt fource fingerſ, their eyeſ looked backward, and the holeſ and paſſageſ of thcir eareſ were round,the fin— Serſ of their feet were very ſmall, becing fiue in number, both before and behinde, yyith fmiall naileſ, and bekind that waſ the longeſt which ſtandeth in the place of a manſ fore— finger, and one of them ſtandeth different from the other, aſ the Thumbe doth vppon a tnang hand, but on the forefeete all of them ſtand equall, not one behinde or before ano— ntne o 5 — "Theſe little Lizardſ doe differ from the Stellionſ in thiſ } that they have bloud in their 44 Veineſ, and they'are coucred with a hard ſkinne, wincking with the vpper eye—lid. All / manner of Lizatdſ haue a clonen tongue, and the toppe thereof iſ ſomewhat hairy,or at theleaſtwiſe deuided like the faſhion and figute of haire . Their teeth are alſo aſ ſmall aſ haite, becing blacke, and very ſharpe, and it ſeemeth alſo they are very weake, becauſe 30 when they bite, they leaue them in the wound . Their lungſ are ſmall and dry, yet apt to ſywell & receiue wind by inflamation:their belly iſ vniforme and ſimple,theit intralſ,long theit Mele round & ſmall, & their ſtoneſ cleaue inwardly to their loyneſ: their raile iſ like the raile of a Serpent: & it iſ the opinion of A7/#or/e;that the ſame being cutoffſgroweth 40 againe. The reaſon whereofiſ given by Cardan , becauſe imperfect ereatureſ are full of moyſtnefſe ; and therefore the partſ cut off do eaſily grow againe. And Pliny reporteti, that in hiſ daieſ he ſfaw Lizardſ with double taileſ: wherunto Amrericw Ve{fucim agreeth, for he ſaith, that he ſaw in a certaine Iſland notfatre from Zybon, a Lizatd with a double taile. They haue foure fect, two behind and two before, and the former feete bend back— ward, and the hinder feete forward, like to the kneeſ of a man. £ Now concerning the different kindſ of Lizardſ , I muſt ſpeake aſ breefely aſ I can thiſ place, wherein I ſhall comprehend both the Countrieſ wherein they breede, and al ſo their ſeucrallkindſ, with ſome other accidentſ neceſſary to be knowne. There iſ akind of Lizard called Gware/, or Vre/l, and Algwarill, with the dung whereofthc Phyſitionſ do 56 cure lirtle pimpleſ and ſpotſ in the face, and yer Be/lnnenſiſ maketh a queſtion, whether thiſ be to be referred to the Lizardſ or not, becauſe Lizardſ are not found but in the coii— trey, out of Cittieſ, and theſe arefound eucry where. ! There iſ alſo another kind of Lizard called Larertuſ Marzenſ#?ſ, which being ſalred, with the head and purple W ooll, Oyle of Gedar; and the powder of burnt Paper, fo pll!t inco a linrien Of the Lizard.. 2 05 aliqncn-doſh, and rubbed vpon a baldplace; doctauſe the haire that iſ falne offto come againe. There be other Lyzardſ; called by the Greecianſ Arurz,and by the Latineſ La— »7, . certk P(ſtzmnafwhxcb continually abide in greene corne 5 theſe biuned to powder,and the mceliſ E fame mixed with the beſtwineand hony , doe cure blind eyeſ by an oyntment.: E. 4 ia1 : & + tſi Thepicture of the Lynardwiththe belly vpwardſ — o ll——cCcoi., er o o ſ Pra o M TT ioS . Albertuſ writeth, thata friend ofhiſ worthy of credit, didtell him that he hadſ@ene id 20 Fronence a part of Fraunce,and alſo in Spaine, Lyzardſ aſ bigge aſ a manſ legge iſ thick; but not very long, and theſe did intiabit Eollow placeſ of the earth , and thatmany timeſ when they perceivued a man or a beaſt paſſe by them, they would ſuddainly leapevppeto hiſ face, & at one blow pulloff hiſ check.: The like alſo iſ reported of Piemen in France, where there be Lyzardſ 2aſ great aſ little puppieſ, and that the people of the Country; da ſeeckeafter their dunge or excrementſ, for the ſweerneſ and other verttieſ thereof, t In Zybia theteate Lyzardſ two cubitſ long,and in one of the Fortunate— Handſ called g»45,; | Capraria, there are alſo exceeding great Lyzardſ. haot, In the Tand of Dio/corideſ, neere to Atrabia the leſſer,there are vety great Ly2zardſ;the fleſh whereof the peoplc eate, and the fatte they ſeeth , and vſe in ſteede of oyle : theſeate 30 two cubitſ long,and I know not whether they be the ſaine which the Affricanſ callDabb, *_ and live in the deſartſ of Lybia. They drinke nothing at all, for water iſ preſent death vn— to them, ſo that a man would thinke that thiſ Serpent were made all offire , becauſe it iſ ſo preſently deſtroyed with water.. Breing killed, there commeth no blood out of it, nei— ther hath itany poyſon but in the head S&tayle. Thiſ the peoplebunt after to eate, for the taſt of the fleſh, iſ like the taſt of Froggeſ fleſh, and when it iſ in the hole or denne.,it iſ ve— . ry bardly drawne forth,exceptwith ſpadeſ and Martockſ, whereby the paſſageſ are ope* fied, and becing abroad it iſ ſwiftoffootc. t ) The Lyzardſ of India, cſpecially about the Mountaine: Niſa, are 24. foote in length; their colour variable, for their ſkin ſeemeth to be flouriſhed with certaine piureſ, ſoft % 40 tender to be handled. I hauc heard that there hangeth a Lyzard in the Kingeſ houſe at © Pariſ, whoſe body iſ aſ thicke aſ a manſ body ,and hiſ length or ſtature little leſſe ; it iſ ſaid it waſ taken in a priſon or common Gaole, beceing fourd ſucking the leggeſ of priſonerſ: and I doe the rather belceue thiſ, becauſe I remember ſuch a thing tecorded in the Chro— nicleſ of Fratince, and alſo of another ſome—whatleſlſer, preſerued in the ſime Cittic, in a Church called Saint Auzhonieſ. And to the intent that thiſ may feeme no ſtrange nor inſ credible thing, it iſ reported by Valatiera7, that when the King of Portugall had congue— red eertaine Handſ in Ethiopia, in one of them they flew a Lyzard, which had devoured or ſwallowed downe a wholeinfant,ſo great & wide waſ the mouth thereof*+ it waſ cight } cubitſ long, and for a rare mir;}dc it waſ hanged vppe at the gate F/ymentana in Rome,in ©go the roofe,& dedicated to the virgim Mazr7. Befideſ theſe, there are other kind of Lyzardſ, aſ thatcalled Lacerta vermiculariſ, becauſe it liueth ypon wormeſ & Spyderſ,in the nar— row wallſ of old buildingſ. Alſo a filuer—coloured Lyzard , called Z/acowe , living in dry and ſunne—ſhining placeſ. Another kind called Sexabraſ, and Adare, and Smrlelm:. Scen iſ aredde Lyzard, aſ Siluaticuſ writeth, but I r:ſſxrhcr rake it to be the Scincke , or Crocodile ofthcearch, which abound neere the Red—Sea. » innſ Solinui J liantiſ, Polyclettit 206 The Eliftor»y of Ser]zeni*)ſi. Thete iſ allo another kinde"of Lyzard called Larer?a@ſ Solay/ſ »> 2 Lyzard of ;h Sunne, to whom Epiphanim—compareth certaine Heretickeſ called Sapmſziy becauſe thcAc perceivexrheir eye—lightro becdimm@and dull »They turne themſelueſ faſting in theyr Caueſ to the Eaſt, orSunneryſing} whoreby theyrecouer their eyc—=ſight againe, In Sarmatia, a Countrey of the Rureneſ, there iſ a Prouince called Samogithi2ay where, in the Lyzardſ ate veryrhicke; blackeyand greatywhichthe fooliſh Countrey people do worſhippe very familiarly, aſ the Godſ of good foſtunc,' for vvhen any good befalleth them, they intertaine them with plentifull banguetſ and liberall cheare : but if any harme or miſchaunce happen vnto them, then they vyith—dravy that liberality , and intreate them more courſely, and fo theſe dizzardly pcople thinke to make theſe Lizardſ by thiſ u» meaneſymoreatrentinerand vigilant for theyr welfarcand profpetity . In the Prouince of Cay@/@, Subic@t to the Tarzarſ, there are yery great Lizardſ, (or at leaſt wiſe Serpentſ like Lizardſ) bred,containingin len gth ten yardſ,with an anſy erable and correſpondentcompaſie and thickneſſe, Some of theſe want their foreLeggeſ, in place whereof they haue claweſ like the clayveſ of a Lyon, or talantſ of a Falcon. Their head iſ great,and their eyeſ like two great Loaucſ, Theirmouth and the opening thereof ſo wide, aſ it may ſwallow downe a whole man armed, with great, long, and ſharp tecth,ſo aſ neuer any man or other creature durſt withoutitertor lookevpon that Serpent. Wherefore they haye innented thiſ art o; way to cake them., » | A 26, TheSerpent vſeth.iin the day time to lyc inthe Caneſ ofthe Earth, or elle in holloyy placeſ of Rockeſ and Mountaineſ;. In the night time it commieth forth to feede, tanging vp and and down ſeeking what it maydevuour, rieither ſparing Lyor, Beare; nor Bull, or ſmaller beaſt, brit eateth all he meeteth with vatill he be ſatiſfied, and ſo treturneth againe to hiſ den. Now for aſ much aſ that Counttie iſ very ſoft and myery : the great and hea. ty bulke of thiſ Serpent maketh aſ it were a Ditch by hiſ weight in the ſand or mire, aſ where you ſee the traling of hiſ body, you would thinke there had beene rowled ſome great veſlell full of VVine , becauſe of theround and deepe impreſſion itleayeth in the carth. I Now the Hunterſ which watch to deſtroy thiſ Beaſt, doe in the day time faſten ſharpe 30 ſtakeſ in the carth, in the path and paſſage of the Serpent, eſpecially neere to hiſ hole or lodging, and theſe ſtakeſ are pointed yyith ſharpeIron, and ſo couered in the Earth or Sand, whereby it commeth to paſſe;that when in hiſ wontedmanner he commethforch in the night ſeaſon to feede, hee vhawareſ faſtneth hiſ breaſt, or elſe mortally woundeth hiſ belly vppon one of thoſe ſharpe—pointed ſtakeſ. Which thing the Hunter lying in waite obſceruing,do preſently vpon the firſt noyſewith their ſwordſ kill him iſhe be aline, and {o take out hiſ Gall which they ſell for a greatþrice, for therewithall the biting of a madde Dogge iſ cured , and.a Woman in traucll taſting but a little of it, iſ quickely dif— diſcharged offer burthen . It iſ good alſo againſt the Emcerodſ and Pyleſ; Furthermore, the fleſh of thiſ Serpent iſ good to be caten, and theſe thingſ are teported by Paniaſ Vene— 40 tuſ, and thiſ ſtory following,; i Aſ AmericuſVeſpatinſ ſayled in hiſ iourney from the fortunate Iſlandſ, hee camevn— to a Countrey where hee found the people to feede vpponſodde ficſh, like the fieſh of a < Serpent, and afterwardeſ they found thiſ beaſt to bee in all thingeſ like a Serpent vvith— out wingſ, for they ſavy diverſ of them aliue, taken and keptby the people to kill atthcit owne pleaſure. The moutheſ whereof were faſt tyed with ropeſ, ſo aſ they could noto— pen them to bite cithet man or beaſt, and their bodieſ were tyed by the Leggeſ . The Jſ- pect of theſe beaſteſ waſ fearefull to hiſ company, and the ſtrangci*s which did behold it; fortheytookethem to bee Serpentſ, becing in quantity aſ bigge aſ Roc—Buckeſ, ha— uing lorig feete and ſtronge claweſ, a ſpeckeled ſkinne, andaface like a Serpent : from the Noſe to the tippe of hiſ taile, all along the backe there grew a briſtle, aſ it were the briſtle of a Boare, and yet the ſaide Nation fecdeth vppon them , and becauſe of their fimilicudſic with Lizardſ, I haue thought good to inſert their relation among the Lyzardſ in thiſ place, leauing it to the further i1dgement of the Readet, whethet they beofiliiſ kind or not, \ In — o Of the Greene—Lizxard. 207 In Calechu: there ate Serpentſ alſo, or rather beaſtſ remaining in the fenny placeſ of the Country, whoſe bodieſ are all plld_ without haire like Serpentſ : alſo in theirmouth,cieſ, and taile they reſembile them, and in tlct]cir feete Lizardſ, being aſ great aſ Boareſ, and al. though they want poyſon, yet are their teeth very huretull where they faſten them . Like voto theſe are cettaine otherſ bred in 777Þ2e2/olſ, in an Iſland called Hyuana, hauing price kleſ on their backe,; and a combe on their head, but withour voyce, hauing foure feetre, & a tailelike Lizardſ, with very ſharpe teeth. They are not much greater then Hareſ or Co. nieſ, yet they llu.c 1nd1ffcyc11t}y in treeſ, and on the earth,being very patient,and induring famine many daieſ. Theit ſkinne ſinooth and ſpeckled like a Serpentſ,& they haue a crap 10 on the belly from the chin to the breaſt, like the crap of a Bird. Beſideſ theſe, there are alſo ſome called Barda#/, about the bigneſle of Conyeſ, and of a Whitc—aſh—colout, yet theyr ſkitme and raile like a Snakeſ, and they reſembic trapped Horſeſ. They haue fourc feet, and with the formoſt they dig them holeſ in the earth,out. of which they are drawne againe like Conieſ to be eaten of men, for they haue a pleaſant taſt. To conclude, wee doe read that in the yeare 1 5 4 3. there came many winged Ser< pentſ and Lizardſ into Germany, neere $77%4, and did bite many mortally : And in the yeare1I 5 5 1. there were ſuch bred in the bodyeſ of men and women, aſ wee hauc ſhewſ ed already in the generall diſcourſe of Setpentſ, firſt of all recited in the beginning. In allthe nature of Lizardſ, there iſ nothing more admirable then that which iſ re— ao ported of them by Z//azmſ ofhiſ owne knowledge': W hen a certaine man had taken a great fat Lizard, he did put out her eyeſ with an Inſttument of Braſſe,and ſo put her into a new carthen pot , which hadde in it two ſmall holeſ or paſſageſ, bigge inough 15 take breath at, but too little to creepe out at, and with her moyſt earth and a certaine Hearbe, the name wherofhe doth not expreſſe : and furthermore, he tooke an Iton Ring,wherein Wwaſ ſet an Exgagataeſ Stone, with the PiGture of a Lizard ingtauen vpon it. And beſideſ; vpon the Ring he made 9. ſeucrall markſ, whercothe put out cuery day one, vntill at the laſt hee came at the ninth, and then hee opened the pot againe, and the Lizard did ſee aſ perfectly aſ cuer he did before the eyeſ were prit" out , whocreof Alberzuſ enquiring the reaſon, could give none, but hauing read in F@der@ſ, that when the Lizardſ grow olde,; 30 and their ſight dimme or thicke, then they enter into ſome narrow hole of a Wall, and ſo ſet theit headſ therein, directly lookin gtowardſ the Eaſt or Sunne ryſing , and ſo they "recouer theirſight againe. Ofthiſ Alber#w»ſ giucth good reaſon, becauſe he ſaith, the oc— caſion of their blindnefle commerh from frigidity congealing the humor in their eyeſ, which iſ afterward artenuated and diſſolued by the helpe and heate of the Sun.The voice of thc Lizard iſ like the voyce of ocher Serpentſ,and ifit bappen that any man by chance doe cut the body of the Lizatd/alunder, ſo aſ one part falleth from another , yet neither part dyeth, but goeth away vppon the two Leggeſ that are left ; and line apart for a litle ſeaſon, and if it happen that they meete againe, they are ſo firmely and naturally conioy— ned by the ſecret operation of nature, aſ ifthey had never becne ſeuered, oriely the ſearrg 40 remameth. tane, E "_— #:", They live in taueſ ofthe carth, a6d in gratcſ} Alld the greene Lizardſ in the fieldſ and Gardenſ, but the yellowiſh or earthy browne Lizard among hedgeſ and Thorneſ. They deudure any thing that comeſ to their mouth,eſpecially BecgſſEmſimcFs,Palmer-wmmCÞ Graſſehopperſ, Locuſtſ, and ſuch like thingeſ, and foure monthſ 6f the yeare they lie if the eatth and eate nothing, Pt Tt ſ "=— In the beginning of the yedre abotit March, they come out againe of theirholeſ, and give themſelueſ to generation, which they performe by ioyamg ct\hſictlfſſbcſi'cs together, wreathing their talleſ together,& other partſof thfſ_'bOſidlCSi?—fſCſWJſdS' the female bring— eth forch eggeſ, whith ſhc committecthito the earth;nenucr ſiſſſ_ſ}ng\(PO them, but for_gct(tiflhf go in what place they were laid (for iEhath nomembory.) "The young bneſ are COl]CClCl!lc o themſelueſ} by the Relp of the ſup:'Some there be which affirme, that the old one devou. reth the young oneſ alſoone aſ they behatchedrefcept one which ſhe ſuffereth toline, & thiſ one iſ the baſeſt & moſt dullard, hauing in itleaſt ſpirit of all the reſidue, yet notwith— ſtanding, aftertwardſitdenoureth bothhiſ parentſ ,which thingiſ proou cdl g::lfc bg A lictſiſ- tuſ, for ſecing they wantmcimory to finde our ';_hcxr owne Eggeſ, it iſ not likely t ſiſſ!tza;ſſcſſ 2 208 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. haue (d much ynderſtanding aſ to diſcerne their own young oneſ,nor yet ſo vnnaturall a; to deſtroy the nobleſt of their broode,but rather they ſhould imitate the crocodile, which killeth the baſcſt and ſpareth the beſt ſpiritſ. It iſ affirmed, that they live but halfe a yeare or ſixe monthſ, but it iſ alſo falſe., for they hidethemſelueſ the foure coldeſtmontheſ ; and therefore it iſ likely they liue more then ſixe, for clſc what time ſhould they have for generation. T wice a yearethey change their ſkinne, that iſ in the Springand Autume like other Serpentſ that haue a ſoft Skinne, and not hard like the Tortoyceſ . Their place of conception and emiſſion of their Eggeſ iſ fike to Birdſ : and therefore it iſ a needleſſequeſtion to inquire whether they bring eggeſ foorth of their mouth or not, aſ ſome haue fooliſhly affirmed, but without all warrant of to truth or nature. T hey line by coupleſ together, and when one ofthem iſ taken, the other waxeth mad, and rageth vppon him that tooke it, whether it be Male or Female : In the old Teſtament Lizardſ, Weaſelſ, and Mice are accounted impnre beaſteſ, and therefore forbidden to be caten, not onely becauſe they line in Graucſ and deſigne in conſtancy of life, butalſo Theeueſ and trecherouſ perſonſ, They are affiſiaidcſi: of euery noyce, they are enemiceſ to Beeſ, for they liue vpon them ; and therefore in ancient uime they m_ixcd Meale and inyce of Malloweſ together, and layde the ſame before the Hineſ, to drive away Lizardſ and Crocodileſ.They fight with all kind of Serpentſ, alſo they devour Snaileſ , and contend with Toadeſ and Scorpionſ. The Night—Owleſ and the Spiderſ doe deſtroy the lirle Li— 15 zardſ,, for the Spider doth ſo long wind her thred about the iaweſ of the Lizard, that hee iſ not able to open hiſ mouth;& then ſhe faſteneth her ſtingſ in her braineſ. The Storkeſ are allo enemiceſ to Lizardſ, according to thiſ ſaying of the Poct ; Serpente ciconia pulloſ Nutrit & innent a per denia ruralacerta. In cngliſh thuſ ; With Lizardſyoung and Serpentſ breede, | The Storke ſecketh her young oneſ to feed» 9 Notwithſtanding, that by the law of G O D, men were forbidden to eate the Lizard, f yet the Tragladyteſ Ethiopianſ did eate Serpentſ and Lizardſ, and the Amazonſ did eate Lizardſ and Tortoyceſ, for indeede thoſe W omen did vſe a very thinne and ſlender di— et and therefore Celinſ doth probably coniecture, thatthey were called App4200;, be— cauſe Maaiſ carebant, that iſ, they wanted all manner of delicate fate . WW ee haucalſo ſhewed already, that the Inhabitantſ of D/o/corideſ: Iſle» do, eate the fleſh of Lizardſ, and the fatafter it iſ boyled, they vſe inſtead of Oyle. t Concerning the venome or poyſon of Lizardſ, Lhaue not much to ſiy, becauſethere iſ not much thereof written : yet they are to be reproued which deny they haueany poy— fon at all, for it iſ manifeſt, that the fleſh of Lizardſ eaten, (I meane of ſuch Lizardſ aſ ,, are in Italy,) do cauſe an inflamation and apoſtemation, the heate of the head—ach ,and blindneſſe of the eyeſ. And the Eggeſ of Lizardſ.doc kill ſpeedily, except therecomea remedy from Faulkenſ dung and pure V Vine.. Alſo when the Lizard byteth, he leaucth hiſ.teeth in the place, which continually aketh, yntill the teeth bee taken out : thecure of which wound iſ firſt to ſuck the place,then to put into it cold water, & afterward to make a plaiſter of Oyle and Aſheſ,; and apply theſame thereynto. And thuſ much for the natu— rall deſcriprion of the Lizard. ſ t dat i . +The Medicineſ ariſing out of the Lizatd, are the ſame which are in the Crocodile, and the fleſh thereofiſ very hot : whereforeit hath yertue to make fat, for if the farte of a Lizard bee mixed vyith VWheate Meale, Halinitre, and Cummen, it makerth Henneſ ve— +5 ty fat, and they that eate. them much fatter : for Garden ſaith;chattheirbellieſ will breake *— vvith fatneſſe , and the fame given vnto Hawkeſ , maketh them to chaunge theyr F& Aarceling thetſ. —, ; biſ & 4 A Lizard difſected, or the head thereofbeing very well beaten vvith Salt, draweth ouryton poynteſ of Nayleſ, and ſplenteſ out of thefleſh or body of man, if itbee well & ap— Of the Greene Lixzard. applycd thereunto, and it iſ alſo ſaid, that ifit bee mingled wicth Oyle, it cauſeth hayre to to grow againe vpon the head of a man, where an Vicer made it fall off, Likewiſe a Ly— zard cut aſunder hot, and ſo applyed, cureth the ſtin ging of Scorpionſ, and taketh away Wenneſ. In Ancient time with a field—Lizard dryed and cut aſunder 3 and ſo bruzed in peeceſ, they did draw out teeth without paine, and with one of theſe ſod and ſtamped , and ap— plyed yvvith Meale or Frankenſence to the forehcad, did cure the watering of the eyeſ. The ſame burned to powder, and mixed with Creticke Hony by an oyntment, cureth blindneſſe. The Oyle of a Lizard put into the care , helpeth deafeneſſe,and dryueth out Weormeſ if there bee any therein. If Children bec annoynted with the bloud faſting, it keepeththem from ſwellingeſ in the belly and; Leggeſ : alſo the Liuer and bloud lapped vp in Wooll, draweth out Naileſ and Thorneſ from the fleſh, & cureth all kind of free; kleſ, according to thiſ verſe of Seyenuſ ; } 0 1 Verrucam poterit ſanguiſ curare Lacertſ. 7 That iſ to ſay ; The blond of Lizardſ can, Cure freckleſ to a man. *o _ The vrine and (if there be any at all) helpeth the rupture in Infantſ { The boneſ taken out of the Lizatdſ head in the full Moone, doe ſcarifie the teeth, and the braine iſ profita— bic for ſuffuſionſ : The Liner laide to the gumbeſ or to hollow teeth, eaſeth all the paine in them. The dung purgeth woundſ, and alſo taketh away the whiteneſſe and itching of the eyeſ, and ſo ſharpneth the ſight, and the ſatne with water , iſ vſed for a ſalue. Arpol— duſ doth much commend the du ng of Lizardſ mixed with Meale, the blacke thereof be— ing caſt away ,and ſo dryed in a furnace, and ſoftned againe with water of Niter,and froth of the Sea, aftetwardſ applyed to the eyeſ in a cloth, iſ very profitable againſt all the for-ſict , mer euilſ. And thuſ much ſhall ſuffice to haue ſpoken of the firſt and vulgar kinde of Ly< zard : for killing of whom Apo/le waſ in ancient time called Sagrr/Zomoſ. 30 OF..THE GREENELIZARD. re 4 He oreater Lizard which iſ called Larer#ſ Vizidiſ , thſie Y grccſi;c Lizard, by the Grzecianſ Chloroſaura, by the Itali— WAll anſ Geſ, and by the Germanſ Gzrumer Heydox , iſ the fame which iſ called Ophjomachnſ, becauſe it fightech w1t}.1 Ser— pentſ in the defence ofman . They are of colour greene, from whence they are named , and yet ſometimeſ in the Summer they are alſo found pale. They are twice ſo bigge aſ the former Lizard,and come not neare houſeſ,but kecp | in Meddoweſ and greene fieldeſ. T hey oncly abound in Iraly, and it iſ a beaſt very louing and frlendl_y 'Vnto man, a and an enemy to all other Serpenteſ . For if at any time they ſee a man, they inſtantly gather about him, an Se Wit{,\ great :ſidmirat?ſſo\: bchold hiſ face : and if it ch.}_FCS aman doe ſpet, they licke \ſ ;c;l;x a dlaying their headſ atthe onc ſide, . 210 Palladiuſ. Pliny. Marcelinſ T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. ſpettle ſoyfully, and it hath beence ſeene that they haue done the like to the vrine of chyl. dren,and they are alſo handled of children without danger, gently licking moyſture from their moutheſ. And if at any time three or foure of them be taken,and ſo ſette together to fight, it iſ a wonder to ſee bow eagerly they wound one another, and yet neuer ſet yvppon the man thatput them together. If one waike in the fieldeſ by hollow wayeſ, buſheſ, and greene placeſ, hee ſhall heare a noyſe, and ſee a motion aſ if Serpentſ were about him, but w'ner_1 hccctlooketh carneſtly vppon them, they are Lyzardſ wagging their headſ, and beholding hiſ perſon ; and ſo if he goc forward they follow him, if he ſtand ſtill they play about. him. One day (aſ Eraſ< muſ writeth) there waſ a Lyzard ſeene to fight with a Serpent in the mouth of hiſ owne 19 Caue, and whilſt certaine men beheld the ſame, the Lyzard receiued a wound vppon her cheeke by the Serpent, who of greene, made it all redde , and had almoſt torne it all off, and ſo hid herſelfe againe in her denne. The poore Lizatd came running vnto the behol. derſ, and ſhewed he bloodie ſide, aſ it were deſiting heipe and commizeration, ſtanding ſtill when they ſtood ſtill, and following when they went forward , ſo that it acknowled. ged the ſoucraigntic of man, appealing vnto him aſ the chiefe Iuſtice, againſt all hiſ ene— mieſ and opprefſourſ. . > It iſ reported by the Italianſ, that many timeſ while men fallaſleepe in the fieldeſ, ſer. pentſ come creeping vnto them, and finding theix moutheſ open , doe ſlyde downe into their ſtomackſ : Wherfore, when the Lizard ſeeth a Serpent comming toward a manſo tſ ſleeping, ſhe waketh him, by gently ſcratching hiſ handſ and face, whereby hee eſcapeth death and deadly poyſon. The vſe of theſe Greene—Lizardſ, iſ by their ſkinne and gall to keepe appleſ fromrot— ting, and alſo to drive away Carterpillerſ, by hanging vp the ſkinne on the topſ oftrecſ, and by touching the appleſ with the ſaid gall : alſo when the head, feete or intrallſ are ta— ken away, the fleſh of the Greene—Lyzard,iſ given in meate to one that hath the Sciatica, and thuſ much for the naturall vſeſ ofthe Greene—Lyzard. — The remedicſ ariſing out of thiſ Lyzard, are briefely theſe : firſt it iſ vſed to be given to Hawkeſ, and to be caten in ſmall peeceſ, prouided ſo aſ it be not rouched vyith theyr tallantſ, for it will hurt their feete, & draw their claweſ together ; alſo they ſeeth it in wa— 39 ter, then beate it in a morter. Laſtly, when they hanue powred warme water vppon it, they let the Hawke waſh her feete in it, and ſo it cauſeth her to caſt her old featherſ and coate, and bringeth a new in the roome thereof. Thiſ Lyzard eaten with ſauceſ to take avvay the loathing thereof, iſ good for the Falling—cuill : and beeing ſod in three pynitſ of vvine, vatillit be but one cup—full, and thereoftaken euery day a ſpoonefull , iſ good for them that haue a diſeaſe in the lungeſ. It iſ alſo profitable for the that haue paine in the loyneſ, And there are many wayeſ to prepare it for the eyeſ , which I will nor ſtand to relate in thiſ place, becauſe they areſuperſtitionſ , and therefore likely to doe more harme then good to the Engliſh Reader. T here iſ an oyle made of Lyzardſ, which iſ very preciouſ, and therfore I willdeſcribe : it aſ I find it in Bra/auoluſ. Take ſeauen greene Lyzardſ, and ſtrangle them in two pound of common oyle,therein let them ſoke three dayeſ,and then take them out, & afterwardſ vſe thiſ oyle to annoynt your face cuery day, but onelittle drop at once, and it ſhallwon— derfully amend the ſame. The reaſon hereof ſeemeth to be taken from the operation of the dunge or excrementſ, becauſe that hath vertue to make the face white , and to take a— way the ſpotſ. — If the vpper part in the paſtorne of a horſe be broken, put thereinto thiſ oylewith a lit— tle vineger,the nrub the hookfe about there—with, fo ſhall it increaſe and grow again,& all the paine thereof ſhall paſſe away. The making of the medicine iſ thiſ. Take a newe car— then pot, put there—into three pintſ of oyle, whercin you muſt drowne your Lyzardſ, & *® ſo ſeeth them till they are burned away,then take out the boneſ,and put in ſoft lyme,balfe a pound, liquid pitch a pint, of Swineſ—greace two pound, thenletrthem be all ſod toge— ther againe, and afterwardſ preſerued, and vſed vpon the hoofe aſ need ſhallrequire: for it ſhall faſten and harden the horſeſ hooke, & there iſ nothing better for thiſ purpoſe then thiſ oyle. The aſheſ of a greene Lizard do reduce ſkarſ in the body to their owne co!%liſ- NG —t> —& Of the (Cenchrine. 211 The boneſ of a Gteene—Lyzard are good againſt the falling euill; ifthey be } on thiſ manner foHovymg: put your Grccne-gLizaxd allucin?o a vcſſcllfi?ll ofcg:frp K;g there ſhut it in ſafe,ſo in few daicſ it vvill conſume all the fleſh and Intralſ from the boneſ and ſo the boneſ may bec taken and vſed in thiſ caſe like the hoofe of an Elke, which atſ very preciouſ for chlg fickncſſc, and no leſſe preciouſ are theſe boneſ . The bloud dooth curethe beating, bruizingeſ, and thicke ſkinneſ in the feet of men and beaſtſ, becing ap— plycd in flockeſ of wooll. { E 2 The cyc iſ ſuperſtitiouſly given to be bound to oneſ arme on a Quarranc—Ague, and thecyeſ preſſed outaliue, and ſo included in golden buztonſ or Bulletſ, & catryed about, do alſo help the paine of the eyeſ, and in default hereof the bloud taken out of the cyeſ in apeece ofpurple wooll, hath the ſame operation. The hart of a Lizard iſ allo very good againſt the exulcerationſ of the Kingſ euill, if it bece but carryed about in the booſome in ſome ſmall Siluet veſſell: The gall taketh away the hayteſ vpon the eye—liddeſ that are vn= ſc;mcly,{ſ it be c:irycdin the ſame to the thickeſſe of Hony ; eſpecially in the Dog—daicſ,® mixed with whitc—wine;the being annoynted vpon the place,it nener ſufferech the haireſ to grow againe. And thuſ much for the hiſtoric ofthe greene Lizard. OF THE MYLLETT OR iſ E ((enchrine. | 30 go | Hiſ Serpent called by the Grtzecianſ Cenchyyſ, Cenchrineſ, — \ Centhvidion, and Cenchriteſ : iſ by the Latineſ called Cen— 2 chria, Cenchruſ,and Milliariſ : becauſe it commeth abroad 7 at the time thatMyllet—ſeed flowreth, & iſ ready to ripe; or elſe becauſe it hath certaine litle ſpotſ vpon it like Myl— — } let—ſeede ; and iſ alſo of the ſame colour. It iſ likewiſe bar— barouſly called ramuwſwſ, Araciſ, and Faliniſuſ. The Ger— manſ of allother hauc a name for it, for they call Pupzer— Schlang, and Berg—ſchlang . Other Nationſ not knowing it cannor haue any name for it ; and therefore I cannor fayne any thereof, except I ſhould lye groſly in the begin— go ning of the Hiſtory. Thiſ Serpentiſ onely bred in Lewuſ & Samothracia, and it iſ there called a Lyon, eyther becatile it iſ of very great quantity and bigneſſe, or elſe bycauſe the ) ſcaleſ thereof areſpotted and ſpeckled like the Lybian Lyonſ : or bycauſe when it Nicander, fighteth the tayle iſ turned vpward like a Lyonſ tayle,and aſ a Lion F]oth_. Butitiſagreed GWw. aralhandſ,;thatice iſ called 2d@//a47iſ,a Millet,bccauſe in the ſporſ ofhiſſkinneand colour, Parenſ it reſembleth a Millet—ſeede, which cauſed the Poct to wiite on thiſ manner 5 i f T4 Pluribuſ \ \ 213 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Pluribuſ ille notiſ variatam tingitur aluum, Quim paruiſ tin uſ maculiſ Thebanuſ Ophiteſ, Tn engliſh thuſ ; With many noteſ and ſpotſ, hiſ beily iſ bodyed Like Thebane herbe, Ophteſſightly tryed. , __ But not onely hiſ belly, for hiſ backe and whole ſkinne iſ of the ſime faſhion and co— lour. The length of thiſ Serpent iſ about two cubitſ, and the thicke body iſ attenuated to— ward the end, being ſharpe at the taile. The colour iſ duſky and darke like the Millet,and it iſ then moſt irefull and full of wrath or courage, when thiſ Herbe or ſeed iſ at the high= 1, eſt. The pace of thiſ Serpent iſ not winding or trauzailing , but ſtraight, and directed without bending to and fto : and therefore ſaith Lucar: Et ſemper recto lapſurnſ limite Cenchriſ : That iſ, And the Millet alway ſtanding in a ſtraight and right line, and for thiſ cauſe when a man flyeth away from it, be muſt not runne direSly forward, but wind too and fro, crooking like an indenture, for by reaſon thereof thiſ Serpentſ large body tan— not o caſily and with the like ſpeede turne to followe and purſue aſ it can directly for— ward. It iſ a very dangerouſ Serpent to meete withall , and therefore not onely the valianteſt man, but alſo the ſtrongeſt beaſt iſ, and ought inſtly to be afraide thereot, for hiſ treache.. rouſ deceitſ and ſtrength of body ; for when it hath gotten the prey or booty, he beclat 28 peth it with hiſ taile, and gineth it fearefull bloweſ , in the meane time faſteneth hiſ laweſ or chapſ to the manmor beaſt, and ſucketh out all the bloud till it be fully ſatiſfied, and like a Lyon he beateth alſo hiſ owne ſideſ, ſetting vp the ſpireſ of hiſ body when he aſſaulteth any aducrſary, or taketh any reſiſting booty . I take thiſ to bee the ſame called in Scizilia Serpa ſerena, Which iſ ſometimeſ aſ long aſ a man ,& aſ great aſ the arme about the wriſt. In the heate of ſummer they get themſelueſ to the Mountaine, and there ſeize vpon cartel of all ſorteſ, aſ often aſ anger or wrath enforceth them. The nature of it iſ very hot, and therefore venomouſ in the ſecond degree : wherefore when it hath bitten any, there followeth putrifaction and rottenneſſe, aſ fleſh where wa— ter lyeth betwixt the ſkinne, like aſ in the Droplic : for beſideſ;the common affecionſ it 30 hach with the Viper, and the byting thereof, alike in all thingeſ, more deadly and vorci— ſtable cuilſ followeth aſ drouzy,ſlecpineſſe, and lethargy , pajine in the belly , eſpecially the collicke, paine in the Liner and ſtomacke, killing within two daicſ if remedy beenot rouided. © The cure iſ like the cure of the Viperſ byting, trake the ſeed of Lettice, and Flax—ſeede, Sauory beaten or ſtamped, and wilde Rew, wilde Betony, and Daffadill two dramſ in three cupſ of Wine, and drinke the ſame, immediatly after the drinking heereof, drinke alſo two drammeſ of the roote of Centaury, or Hartwort, Noſewort, or Gen tian, or Se— ſamine . And thuſ much for a deſcription of thiſ venomouſ "Serpent, one of the greateſt plagueſ, to man and beaſt in all thoſe Countrieſ or placeſ, wherein'it iſ engendered, and 49 it iſ not the leaſt part of Engliſh happineſie to be freed by God & Nawure fromtſuch noy— ſome virulent and dangerouſ neighboutſ. t OF THE NEVTE OR WATER Liſſ{ctrzl. we Hiſ iſ a little blacke Lyzard, called Weſſermoll , and Waſſeraddex, that iſ a Lizard of the Wiater . In French Taſſot, and in Italian Maraſandola, which word iſ detined ſd Maraſſoa Viper, becauſe go the poyſon hecreof iſ like the poyſomof Viperſ, and in Greckeit may be termed Epudreſ Sauyroſ . They live in ſtanding waterſ/of pooleſ. aſ in ditcheſ of Towneſ and Hedgeſ . 'The colour aſ we hauc ſaide iſ blacke , and the length about two fingerſ , or ſcarce ſ0long. Vader the belly it iſ white, or at leaſt hach ſome whi:ſi ſma J —___—__—— 18 20 40 4 $ 0 o e Of the Newie, ſmall ſpotſ on the ſideſ and belly : yet fometimeſ there are of them that are oſ aduſty c:ſiſſſiſſ thy colour, and towardſ the tayle yellowiſh. The ſkinne iſ ſtrong and hard , o aſ a knyfe can ſcarſe cut the ſame, and becing cut, there iſſneth out a kind of white mattery liquour like aſ iſ in Salamanderſ. C f Becing taken, it ſhutteth the mouth ſo hard aſ it cannor be cafily opened, neither doth it endenour to byte although it be plucked and proucked. ( The tongue iſ very ſhoxrt and broade, and the teeth ſo ſhort and ſmall, aſ they are ſcarcely viſible within the lippeſ. Vp— pon the forc—feete it hath foure fingerſ or claweſ, but vppon the hinder feete it hath fiue. T he tayle ſtandeth out betwixt the hinder leggeſ in the midle, like the figure of a whecle— whirle, or rather ſo contracted, aſ ifmany of them were conioyned together,& the voyd or empty placeſ in the coniunGionſ were filled vp. The tayle beeing cutte off, liveth lon— ger then the body, aſ may be ſcene in euery dayeſ experience , that iſ, by motion giveth longer ſigneſ and token of lyfe. 'Thiſ Serpent iſ bredde in fatte watetſ and ſoyleſ, and ſometimeſ in the ruineſ of olde wallſ, eſpecially they delight in white muddy waterſ , hiding thermmſelueſ vnder ſtoneſ in : the ſame water if there be any, and if not, then vnder the bankſ ſideſ of the earth, for they ſildome come to the Land. They ſwymme vnidlerneath the water, and are rarely ſcene at the toppe. Theyr eggeſ are not paſt ſo bipge aſ peaſe, and they are found hanging roge=. ther in cluſterſ. One oftheſe becing put aline into a glaſſe of water, did continually hold hiſ head abouc the water like aſ Froggeſ doe,ſo that therby it may be conieGured it doth often neede reſpiration, and keepeth not vnder watet except in feare , and ſeekibg after meate. ſ } edoaſ© 3 ul There iſ nothing in nature that ſo much offenderh it aſ ſalt, for ſo ſoone aſitiſ layde vppon ſalt, it endcuoureth with all might & maine to tunne away;, for in byteth @/ſting— eth the little beaſt abouc meaſure, ſo that it dyeth ſooner by lying in ſalt whiere it tannor anoyde, then it would by ſuffering many ftripeſ, for becing beaten itlinethlong; & diech very hardly. It doth not like to be without water, for if you try one ofthem } andkeepeit out of water but one day it will be found to be much the worſe, \; oam Becing mooued to anger, it ſtandcth vpon the hinder leggeſ , and looketh directlic in theface of him that hath ſtirred it, and o continueth till all the body be white, through 'a kind of white humour or poyſon, that it ſwelleth ourward , toſſhctarct_ctm; (if it were poffiþl e) the perſon that did prouoke it. And by thiſ iſ their venomouſ nature obſcrued to be like the Salamander; although theyr continuallabode in the water, maketh their Poyſiſſſi.ſi dzc more weakeg{" ! 21 oW 2757) aod>rt e AC :0} — Someſay that ifin Fraunceſ ad0gge doc cate one of theſe, hee dyeth thereo% and yet dothmore ſafely cate the Salamander.But inEnglandit iſ orherwiſe, forT have ſeenea hogge withourall barmecarry in hiſ mouth a Newte,& afterward catcit. The.:rc' beſome Apothecarieſ which doevſe thiſ Newtein ſteed offScitikſ or Crobodileſ of the carth, but they are deceined in the vertueſ and operation, and doal ſo deceine other, forcherciſ not in it any ſuch wholeſome properricſ , and therefore not to beapplyed withoutAinguler danger. And thuſ much may ſuffice to be ſaidfortbiſlirle Serpent » or wardrerceping creature» 3 74 £ 7 ſ\ F 28 — 214. Ihe Hiſtory of Serþentſ, plfact.imiiQEoÞHE: iÞED PAS, Etinſ making mention of the Elapſ and Peliaſ, two kindſ of Ser. pentſ , doothioyntly ſpeake of them in thiſ ſort, ſaying that the ſigneſ of theſe Serpentſ were ſo common and vulgarly knowne, that there waſ nodeſctriptionſ of them among the auncient wii. terſ. But the Peliaſ byting cauſeth putrefacion about the wound <|| or bytren place, but yet not very dangerouſ, and it bringeth ob. fuſcation or dimnefſſle to the eyeſ, by reaſon that aſ the poyſon iſ 39 _iw t vniuerſally diſtributed oucr all the body , ſo it hath moſt power oucr the tendcreſt part, namely the eyeſ. It iſ cured by a Puſane with oy'le in drinke, and a decoGion of ſuch Dockſ aſ grow in ditcheſ, and other ſimple medicineſ, ſuch aſ are ap— plyed to the curing of the yellow—Iaundile. The eyeſ muſt be waſhed with the vrine of a child or young man which neuer knew any woman carnally , and thiſ may be applycd eyther ſimply and alone, or elſe by bryne and pickle, ſo alſo muſt the head. After that the body iſ purged, annoynt it with Ballamum and Hony ,and take an eye—(alue to ſharpen a. gaine and tecoucr the—ſight, and for thiſ cauſe it iſ very good to wecpe, for by enacuation offteareſ, the veniom alſo will be expelled. But if the eyeſ grow to paine,chen let their eye. , "ſalue be made more temperate and gentle, to keepe the head and braine from ftupefiqi, on. And thuſ much for the Peliaſ out of Aetinſ. OF.UCTHE ,PORPHYRE. 5 Here iſ among the Indianſ a Serpent about the bigneſ of a ſpanneor more, 4 which in outward aſpe& iſ hke to the moſt beautifull and well coloured pur— | ple, the head hereof iſ excecding white, and it wanteth tecth. Thiſ Serpent | iſ fought for in the beegheſt Mountaineſ,for out of him they take the Sardiuſ "*— . —> ftone. Andalthough he canpot byte becauſe hee wanteth teeth, yetin hiſ 39 _rage whien he iſ perſccuted ; he caſteth foorth a cerraine poyſon by yomit, which cauſeth | porretacion where cuer itlighteth. But ifit be taken alive and be hanged vp by the rayle, at readerech a double, one whileſ it iſ aliue, the other when it iſ dead,both of themblacke in colour, but the firſt reſembleth blacke Amber . And if a man take but ſo much of the firſt blacke venome aſ iſ the quantitie of a Seſamyne ſeede,itkilleth him preſently, making _hiſ braineſ to fall out at hiſ noſtrillſ, but the ocher worketh neitherſo ſpeedily , nor after theſamemanner; for it caſtech one into a conſumption, and killeth within the compaſſt of a yere. But I find Aclianuſ, Volateran,and Texter, to differ from thiſ relation of Creſia, for.they.lay that the firſt poyſon iſ like to the dropſ of Almond.treeſ, which are congea— Ted inco a gumme, and the other which commeth from it when hee iſ dead, iſ like to thin 40 mattery water. Vnto thiſ Porphyre I may adde the Palmer—erpent , which Strabo wiy— teth doth kill withan ynrecouctable poyſon, & it iſ alſo:ofa Scarlet colour, to the loyneſ orhinder partſ. . : ..: } & \ + & K Lthough there be many VW riterſ which confound together the Preſterand [2Z the Dipſaſ; and makeofthem but one kind, or Serpent of dinerſnameſ, yet '—'K 3 ſceing on the contraty there be aſ many: ormore which doe diſtinguiſh or AS—ANeZ, devide them, and make them two in naturedifferent, onc from another, the 59 Dipſaſkilling by thirſt, and the Preſter by heate, aſ theyrvery nameſ doc ſignifie, there— fore I willalſo trace the ſteppeſ ofthiſ latter opinion, aſ of that which iſ more probable and conſonant to truth, | The Grizecianſ call it Praſter of Prethein,; which ſignificth to burne or influme, S T© mellinſ and Iuniuſ thinke, that the Serpentſ called fiery Serpentſ, which did ſting th ]lſ: :ſſ ( elt | Of the Preſter. | eliteſin the wilderneſſe, were Preſterſ. W'e'find in Suidaſ, Preffer forthe fire ofhcatien or for a cloudc pffirc carried aſſbou_c awith a vehement ſtrong wind, and ſometimeſ liohch ningſ. And it ſeemech that thiſ iſ indeede a fiery kind of Serpent, for he himſelfe ;ilvs?aycs goeth about with open mouth, panting and breathing aſ the Poct writethſ Of\-a'que diſtendenſ atidiuſ fumantia Preſter , . Loficit,vt leſuſ tumida membr a Berat. Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; " . The greedy Preſterſ wide—open foming mouth — to LInfectſ, and ſwelleth, making the memberſ by heatevneonth, , When thiſ Serpent hath ſtrooke or wounded, there followeth an immeaſurable fivel. ling, diſtraction,conuerſion of the blood to matter, and corruprinflamation,taking away freedome or eaſineſ of aſpiration, likewiſe dimming the ſight, or making the hayre to fall off: ſrpm the head; atlaſt ſuffocation aſ it were by fire, which iſ thuſ deſcribed by Mantwſ an vpon—the perſon of one Ngz/@dinſ,ſaying aſ followeth. Ecce ſubit facieſ leto dinerſafluentio . — Narſidium Marſi cultorem torriduſ agri 20 Percuſſit preſter :illi rubor igneuſ ora Suceendi: , tenditd, cutem pereunte figura, Miſcenſ cuniia tumor toto iam corpore maior. Humanumd, egreſiamodum ſuper omnia membrk Efflatur Saniceſ, late tollente veneno, Ipſe late penituſ congeſto corpore merſuſ, Nec lorica tenet diſtenti corporiſ anttum. — Spumctſſ accen/ſo non ſic exundat abeno Vndarumſ cumuluſ : nec tanto carbaſaCoro — Curianere ſſoxſ : tumidoſ iam non Capit artuſ P g0 Informiſ globuſ G» confuſopondere truncuſ, — Intailum volucrum roftriſ, epulaſi, daturiim ' Hand impunt feriſ, non auſi tradere buſto, Nondum ſtante modo creſcenſfugire cadaner, W hich may be engliſhed thuſ; . Loe [uddemly a dinerſfate the ioyfull current ſlayed Narſidinſ, which Marſinuſ mirror did adore, By burning ſting of ſcorching Preſter dead waſ layed; For fierie colour hiſ face erfflim'd, not aſ before. — The fir I appearing viſage fayld, allwaſ out—ſtretcht, 45 TSwelling coner d all, and bodyeſ grofſeneſ doubled . Suypaſſing humane boundſ and memberſ allore'reacht, . . Aſpyring venom ſpreadſ matter blowne in carkaſſe troubled, The man lyeth drownd within ſwolne bodieſ bankeſ, No givdle tan hiſ monſtrouſ growth contayne, . Neot ſo are waterſ ſivolnewith rage of [indy flankeſ; Nor ſajleſ bend downe to bluſtering Coruſ wayne. Now tan it not the ſwelling ſrrewe'ſ keepe in hold, o a Deformed globe it iſ, and truncke ore—come with waight, Untoucht of flying fouleſ, no beakeſ of young or old , 59 Doec him dare eate, or beaſtſfullwilde vpon the body bayte But that they dye. No man to buyy in carth or firre . Durſt onee come nigh, por ſtand to looke vponthat hapleſſecaſe, For newer ceaſed the heat of torpſ though dead to Lavell, Therefore afrajde they ranne away with ſpeedic pace. The 218 The Hifſtory of Serpentſ. The cure of the poyſon of thiſ Serpent, iſ by the Phiſitianſ found out to bewild Purſ by Jaine, alſothe flowerſ and ſtalke ofthe buſh, the Beauerſſtoneſ called Caſforewm, drunke with Opponax and Rew in wine, and the litcle Sprat—fiſh in dyet. And thuſ much of thiſ fire—burning venomouſ Serpent. OF THE RED SERPENT. Hiſ kinde of Serpent beeing a ſerpent of the Sea, waſ firſt of all found out by Pelicerimſ Biſhoppe of Montpelier , aſ Rondoletuſ writech, and although ſome haue taken the ſame for the Myruſ or Beruſ of which we haue ſpoken alteady,yet iſ it manifeſt that , they are deceined, for it hath gillſ coucred with a bony couc— ring, and alſo finneſ to ſwym withall , much greater then thoſe of the AGrauſ , which wee haue ſhewed already to bee the male "oS Lamprey. Thiſ Serpent therefore for the outward proportion thereof, iſ like to the Serpentſ of the Land, but of a redde or purpliſh colour, becing full of crooked or oblique lineſ, deſcending from the backe to the belly,and deuiding or brea— king that long line of the backe, which beginneth at the head, and ſo ſtretcheth foorth to the rayle.: Thyc opening of hiſ mouth iſ not very great, hiſ teeth are very ſharpe and like a ſaw ,hiſ gillſ like ſcalic fiſheſ, and vppon the ridge of hiſ backe, all along to. the tayle, and voder— ,5 neath vppon the ryneor brimme of hiſ belly, are certaine haireſ growing , or at the leaſt thinne ſmall thingſ like hayreſ, the rayle becing ſhut vp in one vndeuided finne. Of thiſ kind no doubt are thoſe which ze/or/@ faith hee ſawe by the Lake Abydwſ, which linein the waterſ, and come not to the Land but for ſleepe , for hee affirmcth chat they are like Laod—ſerpentſ, but in theyr colour they are reddc—ſpotted , with ſome ſmall and duſkic ſpotſ. Gellinſalſo ſayth, that among the multitude of Sea—ſerpentſ,ſome arelike Congerſ, and I cannot tell whether that of Ferg// be of thiſ kind or not , ſpoken of by Laveorn the Pricſt of Neptane. Solenneſ taurum ingentum maitabat ad ar aſ. 40 Ecce antemſ gemint a Tenedo trangulla per alta (Horreſco referenſ )immenſiſ orbibuſ angueſ Incumbunt pelago : pariter g, ad littora tendunt. Pettoraquorum inter fluttuſ areit a, inbaque Sanguine2 exuperant vndaſ : payſ ceteraponturmn Pone legit, ſinuatqueimmen/a volumine terga. Fit ſonituſ ſþumante ſ2lo,G c— W hich may be engliſhed thuſ; Whilſt he a Bull at Altarſ ſolemne ſacrifice, Behold (Ifeare to tell) two monſtrouſ ſmakeſ appeared; go Out of Teneduſ ſhere both calme and deepe did riſe One part in Sea, the other on Land waſ reared : & Their breaſtſ and redde—blood maneſ on waterſ mounted, But backe and taple on Land from foariing ſ2a threſ ſounded. OF Of the Salamander, 217 SA| VV ill not contraty their opinion which reckon the Salamander W\ anong the kindſ of Lyzardſ,but leaue the aſſertion aſ ſomewhat }| tollerable : yet theyare not to befollowed , or to be beleeued, wh_ich would make it 2 kinde of W orme, for there iſ not in that opinion eyther reaſon or reſemblance. What thiſ beaſt iſ called among the Hebreweſ I cannot learne, and therfore Tiudge that L|| the Ieweſ (like many other Nationſ) didnot acknowledge that e ——5L there waſ any ſuch kinde of creature, for ignorance bringeth inK— delitie in ſtrange thingſ and propoſitionſ. t ; The Grzzcianſ call it Sefarz2ndra, which word or terme iſ retained almoſtinall Lan< guageſ, eſpecially in the Latine, and therefore 7/dore had more boldnefie and wit ,, then feaſon, to derive the Latine Salemandra, quaſ; valincendram, reſiſting burning , for bee— ing a Greeke word, it needeth not a Latine notation. The Arabianſ call it Saarpbraſ, and Samabraſ, which may wel be thought to bederiued orrathercorrupted, fromthe former word Salamandra , or elſe from the Hebrew word Seramiſ , which fignifieth a Srellion; Among the Italianſ and Rhbactianſ it retaineth the Latine vvord , and ſometimeſ in Rhae= 30 tia it iſ called Ro/adz. In the dukedome of Sauoy, Plyaima. In Fraunce, Sexrd, Blande, Alſ brenne, and Arraſſade , according to the dinerſ Pronuinceſ in that Kingdome. In Spayne it iſ called Sa/amantegna. In Germany it iſ called by dinerſ nameſ , aſ Ma@/Z, and Peaxzer maall, Olm, Modl, and Melch, becauſe of a kinde of liquoutirnrit like milke , aſ the Greeke word Molge, from amelgein to ſucke milke. Some in the Country of Heluetia doe call it Quatterteteſh. And in Albertuſ it iſ likewiſle called Rim@zrix. And thiſ much may ſuffile for thename thereof, The deſcription of theyr ſeuerall partſ followeth, which aſ An/cer and other Authourſ write, iſ very like a ſmall and vulgar Lyzard, except in theirquantitie which iſ greater; theyr leggeſ taller, and their tayle longer. They are alſo thicker and fuller then a Lyzard; 40 hauing a pale white belly, and one part of their ſkinne exceeding blacke,the other yellow like Verdigreace, both of them very ſplendent and gliſtering, wicth a blacke line going all along their backe , hauing vppon it many litcle ſpotſ like eycſ # Arid from hence it com— meth to be called a Stellion, or Am/mal ſ/e//latwm, a creature full of ſtarreſ , and the Skinne iſ rough and balde, eſpecially vpon the backe where thoſe ſþotſ are, out of which aſ wri— teth the Scholiaſ?, iſſueth a certaine liquour or humour, which quencheth the heare of the fire when it iſ in the ſame. I +Ric! < 'Thiſ Salimander iſ alſo foure—footed like a Lyzard, and all the body oner it iſſet with ſpotſ of blacke and yellow, yet iſ the ſight of it abhominable and fearefull:to man . The renbiolui head ofit iſ great, and ſometitmeſ they haue yellowiſh bellyeſ and tayleſ, and fome—timeſ go carthy. It iſ ſome queſtion armmong the Leatned, whethet there be any diſcretion of ſexe, aſ whother there be in thiſ kinde a male and a feiflale. Pliny affirmeth that they never cn— gender, and that there iſ not among them eyther male or female, no more then thereare among Etleſ. Biit thiſ thing iſ inſtly croſſed, both by Se/lenivſ and Agzicola ; for they af- firme vpon their owne knowledge, that the Salamander engendereth her young oneſ in her belly like vnto the Viper, bur firſt concciueth eggeſ, andſhebringeth forth fqrtie(;\ſqd NZ y # tie iſ =— amt | | Willichinſ Oruſ, The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. fiſtie at a time, which are fully perfected in her wombe , and ate abie to runne or goc ſo ſoone aſ euer they belittered : and thereforcthere muſt be among them both male and female. " The Countrieſ wherein ate found Salamanderſ, are the Region about Trent, and in the Alpeſ, and fome—time alſo in Germany. The moſt commonly frequent the coldeſt and moyſteſt placeſ, aſ in the ſhaddow of V oodſ, in hedgeſ neere Fountaineſ and Ri, — uerſ, and ſome—timeſ they are found among Corne & thorneſ, and among Rockſ. The are fildome ſeene exceprt it be eyther in theSpring—time, or againſt raine, & for thiſ cauſe it iſ called Apimal werndle, and Plunioſwum , a Spring or raynic creature. And yet there were many of them found together in a hole neere vnto the Citty Sweberge in Germanic, inthe month of February, for they louc to live in flockſ and troupeſ together, and at an. other time in Nonuember, a lining Salamander waſ found ina Fountaine. Howbeit, if a; any time it be ſeenc forraging outof _his denneor lodging place , it i_s held for an aſſured preſage ofrayne. But if the Spring—time fortune to be celde or froſtie , then they keepe home, and goc not viſibly abroade. . Some doec affirme that it iſ aſ cold aſ Iſe, and that it therefore quencheth heate orfire like a peeceof Iſc, which if it be trutſ then iſ the old phyloſophicall Maxime vtterly falſe, namely, thatalllining creatureſ are hot and moyſt, becing compared to creatureſ with— outlifeand ſence.for there iſ not any dead or ſericelefle body that ſoquencheth fire aſ the Te doth. But the truth iſ, that the Salamiander iſ cold , and colder then any Serpent, yet not without hiſ naturall heate, which becing compared to Armanſ, may truly be ſaidto be hot, and therefore the venome ofthe Salamanderiſ regkoned among Septickſ, or cor. roding thingſ. . t It aaturally loueth milke, and therefore ſome—timeſ in the VVoodſ or neere hedgeſ t ſucketh a Cow that iſ layde, but afterward that Coweſ vdder or ſtocke dryeth vppe, and ncuer more yeeldeth any milke. It alſo greatly loucthghe Honny—combe , and ſome Au— thourſ haue affirmed, that they vſc to gape after ayre opfecſh breath , like the Camelion, yerthey which haue kept Salamanderſ in glaſſeſ, neuer perceined by the any ſuch thing, They are flow of pace, and voyde ground very luggiſhiic, and therfore it iſ iuſtly termed ahcauy and ſlothfull beaſt. 2 3 But the greateſtmatter in the Salamander to be inquired after , iſ whethet it canlive and be nouriſhecd by and in the fire, or whether it can paſſe thorough the fire without any harme, or quenchand put out the ſame. Which opinionſ in the very relation and firſt hearing, doe croſſe oneanother, for how can that cither be nouriſhed or liue in the fire, which quencheth the ſame becing put into it? Ari/ferle that never ſavy a Salamander himſelfe, but wrote thereof by heare—ſay, hath given ſome colour to thiſ opinion, becauſe he writeth, pemſ/acorpora eſſe animalium que igne non ab/umantuſ Salamandra decumentſ tHF : que ( vt ainat) ignem inambulanſ per enm extinguit. Thatiſ to ſay , the Salamander iſ an cuidence, that the bodieſ of ſomecreatutreſ are not waſted' or conſumed in thefire, for (aſ ſome ſay) it walketh in the fire and extinguiſheth the ſame. 49 Now whether thiſ beſceemed ſo great a Phyloſophet to write yppon heare—ſy, vho tooke vpon himto gather all naturalllearning into hiſ owne Graunge or ſtore—houſe, & out of the ſame to furniſh both the preſent and all future ageſ, I leaue it to the conſiderati— on of cuery indifferent Reader that ſhall peruſe thiſ ſtory. I for mine owne part » rather iudge it to bedightneſ in him, to inſert a matter of thiſ conſequence in the diſcourſe of thiſ beaſt, without either Authoutrſ , or experience gathered by himſelfe . Thiſ one thing I. matuaile ar, why the Egyptianſ, when they will expreſſe or ſignific a man buint , doe in theyr Hicrogliphickſ paint a Salamander, except eyther firecau burne a Salamander, or elſecontrary to all their cuſtomc, they demonſtrateonc contrary by another. Nicender plaincly affitmeth, that the Salamander dooth witbhout all harme paſſe tho— rough the fixe, and the Scholiaſt addeth;that there are certaine paſſageſ in the gkinne,out 5 of vvhichiſſueth a kind of liquour that quencheth the fire : And hee tellechaſtory of one Andreaſ, whodid dippe a peece of cloth in the blood of a Salamander,, andtried after— ward whither it would burnc or not,but did notfind that it would burne, wherfore heput Stvppon hiſ hand., and thruſt that into the fixe, and then alſo he felt o manntr of paAfflCd- D (5 1 0 2 o 30 50 Of the Salimander . And therefore the ſaid N/cemZer calleth thiſ cr A i, at : fatre humour which iſſueth out of it, qucnchincatt[l]]mficſipzrhf m? bcc};lz ot ccrt_a'me humour maketh the ſkinne to gliſter, for if i FES BEn HERCT E OKC thatchiſ fit o giter, for if it were properly farte , it would rather kindle and encrcaſe the fire then quench or extinguiſh the ſame, Suidaſ followeth the common receiued opinion , that the Salamander quencheth the fire, (althoug_h it be not bredde of the fire aſ Kreketſ are)like Iſ , and when the fire iſ o quenched, it iſ in vaine to blow or kindlc the ſame againe with any belloweſ, aſ they ſay hach beene trycd in thc/forgcs of Smitheſ. And thiſ alſo cauſed Sereniſ to write, Sew Sa— ?Z:Z'ZZ fictſtſiſi:, ſſctfſſ[ctſ?* obnoxia flzmmis : the potent Salamander iſ nener hurt by flameſ. er e tl ctodcere—ynto, and Zorgaffreſ : and ſo great hath beenethe dorage about hiſ opinion, that ſome haue written that it aſcendeth vp to the fire neere the moone,farre abouc the reach of the Eagleſ or ſwifteſt Fowleſ. Thuſ ſay they that write, and maintaine the Salamanderſ abyding in the fire without harme. Now on the contſirary, letvſ alſo eare their opinionſ, vyhich deny thiſ naturall operation in the Salamander: Pliny affrmeth, that in hiſ owne experience hee found that a Salamander waſ conſu— med in the fire, and not the fire by it, for he ſaith he burned one to powder,and vſed the ſame powder in medicineſ. 1 Sextinſ alſo denyeth that it quencheth the fire, and ynto thiſ opinion agreeth Dioſcori— deſ. Activſ writeth,that when it iſ firſt put into the fire,it deuideth the flame, and paſſeth thorough ſpecdily without harme, but if it tarry long therein it iſ butned and conſtuimed becauſe the liquour or bumiditie thereof iſ waſted. And thiſ iſ alſo gtaumcd by Galm: Theopbraſtuſ, and Niphuſ. And Mattheoluſ affitmeth that hee tryed the ſame , and found that if burning coaleſ were layde vppon it, then it burned like vato any otberriwe fleſh, but becing caſt into the fire, it burneth not ſpeedily. — Albertuſ writeth, that there were ſome which broughtto him a certaine thing which they called Wooll, and ſaid that it would not buxne,but he found it not Lawa, vvooll,but Lampygo, that iſ, a vapoury adhzrencic of a thing which flyeth from the ſtrokeſ ot ham— merſ vppon hot burning yron, and beeing collected yppon cloth, or cleauing to any part of the forge, it there becommaeth in ſheww like yellowiſh pale wooll. The ſaid Auchour affirmeth, that hee tooke a Spyder, and layde the ſame vpon a hot burning yron , where it continued vnburned and yeharmed. without motion a great while, by reaſon of hiſ thicke ſkinne and coldneſle, and vnto another hee ſuffered a little Candle to be put, which inſtantly put it out. And for the ſame cauſeſ, that iſ to ſay, both the thickneſic of the ſkinne, and cold conſtitution, commeth it to paſſe , that a Salaman— der can line ſo long in the fire without burning or conſuming to aſheſ, for indeed the ſkin thereof iſ ſo hard , that it iſ cutte or pierced with ;a knife with great difficultie : And (o when the force of the fire hath broken the ſkinne; then alſo iſueth foorth a cold bumour, which for a ſeaſon keepeth the heate out. For'thiſ beaſt iſ ſaid to. be very full of humour, and the certaintie thereof may moſtmanifeſtly appeare by hiſ fulland grofſe body , and alſo by thiſ, that it iſ ſildomeſeene to iſſue or come forth of hiſ denne, except itbeagainſt raynie weather : and yet aſ the eggeſ of other Serpentſ becing caſt into a hor burning fur. nace,do for a ſeaſon reſt in the ſame vnaburned,® yet are afterward conſumed,(o iſ it with the Salamander. ſ : There be fome that haue found a webbe out of the hayre growing vppon Salaman— detſ, vvhich can by no meaneſ be ſetre on fire, but.thiſ iſ very falſe, becauſe chF Salaman— der hath no haire vpon it at all. And thiſ kind of webbe rather commeth of a kind of flaxe that Pliny vvriteth of, or rather of the Amiantuſ—ſtone, called the Aſbeſt, which iſ found in Cypruſ, whereof they vſed to make coucringſ for the Theaterſ, Thiſ becing caſt into a fire, ſcemeſ to be forchwith all in a flame , but becing taken out againe , it ſhyneth the more gloriouſly. t aln? i 7 Somiec alſo doe 2ffirme, thatſuch a peece of cloth or webbe, may be wrought out of the Salamanderſ ſkin, but 27a/awoluſ denyeth both the verime of the ſtone, and of the Sala— manderſ hyde or ſhell , for hee ſaith hee tried the ſtonc,:_md it would not be wrought into woell or ſpun into thred, and whenhee caſt the Salamanderſ ſhell or hide into the fire, it burned, and the marttery coldliquor thereofdid alr;xoſt flyc into hiſ face. & i V 2 ut 29 Corduſ Droſcorid, bo o 0 Cardan, The Eiſtory of Serpentſ, But ſomſ then will demaund, where had Pope Alex@ander that coate, which could nor; be purged but by fire, which made it alway aſ white aſ ſnow, or that map or net at Rome T ſ , — . nar y + . wherin (it iſ ſaid) the napkin of our Sauiour Chr/i# iſ preſerued, which men ſay iſ not wa. ſhed but in the fire, which thing waſ ſent to a Bithop of Rome for a preſent from the kin 6f Tartarſ. Vnato whom I aunſtwer out of Paglwſ Venetnſ aſ foloweth. There iſ a prouince in Tarraria called Chirchuitalſzſ, wherein iſ a mountaine abounding with Mineſ of Stecle and Copperſ now in thiſ Mountaine there iſ a kind of earth digged vp, which yeeldeth a thred like the thred of wooll. After the digging of it vp they dry it in the ſunne, and then beate it in a brazen morter, afterward they ſpinne it and weauc it, in the ſame maner tha; they ſpin and weaue other wollen cloth, After it iſ made, they haue no' meaneſ to purge it from ſporſ or from filthineſ, but to caſt it into the fire for the ſpace ofan houre,and then ic iſ taken forth againe aſ white aſ any ſnow. There iſ alſo an Allum cailed A/emen Sciole , and it iſ the ſame which among the An. , cientſ iſ called 4/fer ſaminſ, out of which alſo iſ made cloth that cannor burne, by reaſon of a certaine oyle that it containeth or yeeldeth to reſiſt the fire. So out of the ſtone Pyri— tiſ found in KXi/ſhcba, there commeth out a greene liquour preſſed with dead coaleſ, & af. ter that, no fixe can burne that cloth. There are alſo certairie Mantleſ in Bohemia, (aſ wit. nefleth Agricola) which could nenver be burned. And out of the Mag@zeſ/?ſ a ſcaly ſtone in Baldffmnſiz, they make tableſ, which cannot be clenſed but by fire. It iſ alſo recorded,that the forc—named A#e&7 /aminſ and pitch quenched in the inyce of Malloweſ or Mercuriall, becing annoynted vpon a manſ hand, dothkeepe them from burning, or ſence of extra— ordinaty heate. So Alber#aſ writeth of a ſtone which he calleth J/em/oſ, or 7/eyſfoſ, which I'rake to be a kind of the Aſbee or Amiantuſ. And thiſ ſtone iſ found (aſ the ime Au— thour writeth) in the fartheſt partſ of Spaine, neere the Straightſ and Zercwleſ—piller;, And thiſ thing ſeemeth the leſſe ſtrange, becauſe they which are annoynted with bird. lime, or elſe with vineger and the white of an egge, do not ſo quickly feele the ſtrength of fire and heate, when they thruſt theyr handſ into the midſt of it. It iſ alſo found, that the hartſ of them that dye of the hart—burning diſcaſe, or elſe are killed by poyſon, cannotbe burned with fire. And therefore when Germanicnſ Ceſar waſ dead, it being ſuſpected that he waſ poyſoned by Pi/o, they caſt hiſ hart into the fixre and it would not burne , vyhich thing waſ alleadged againſt him by Pite/Ziaſ the Oratour. And one Ac/cplapinſ in an F— piſtle which he wrote to OcFawian Anguſ?uſ3ſaith,that there iſ a poyſon ſo extreame cold, thatitkeepeth the hart of a man poyſoned there—with from burning ; and if it lyc long in the fire, it waxeth aſ hard aſ a ſtone, which ſo concreted iſ called Profel#ſ, from the force of the fire, and from the matter whereof it conſiſteth it iſ called an hbumane ſtone. Hee alſo ſaith,;that thiſ iſ redde in coloutr, mixed with fome white, and iſ accounted preciouſ , be— cauſe both it maketh a man that wearcth it to be a Conguerour , and alſo preſerueth him from allmanner of poyſon. When the Salamander iſ prouoked, it caſteth foorth a white mattery liquour or hu— 0 mour, and'it iſ an audaciouſ and bold creature, ſtanding to hiſ aduerſary , and not flying 40 the ſight of a man ; and fo much the leſſe, ifit perceiue that a man proſecute and followit, 30 harme and killit. The byting of it iſ very exitiall and deadly, and therefore the French men vſe thiſ ſpeech vpon the byting of a Salamander. Simordwt a vne areſſade, Prenſ ton lincculet ta flaſſade.| That iſ; if a Salamander byte you; then betake you to the coffin and winding ſheete. The Rhatianſalſo doc ordivnarily affirme, that when a man iſ bytten by a Salamander, he hath necde of aſ many Phiſitianſ aſ the Salamander hath ſpotſ. And Arpolduſ ſaith, that it hath in it aſ many venomſ and meaneſ of hurting , aſ it hath colourſ diſtinguiſhcd one from another. For when it once byteth and faſtencth teeth, it never letteth goe, and bee— ing pulled of, itleaueth the teeth behind, and then there neuer can be any remedie , and therefore itmuſt be ſuffered to hang vpon the wound vniill it fall off , eyther willingly or wearied, or clſ compelled by the medicineſ that the wounded patient recciueth . For EY thiſ 50 1 0 Av vOf the Sctlctwam{er thiſ meaneſ onely iſ the patient kept aliye : yet thiſ iſ alway to be remembred , that the Salamander doth not alway bite; altctlctl_cſi;ugþprouoked, fof Geſwer affitmeth, that hee h. uing two of them, could neuer by beaung make them open their moutheſ, nor that in all hiſ life did he ener heare of any man bytten by them. And of thiſ thing hee not onely ga=— — thereth the difference of time, wherein their rage ſheWweth it ſelfe by byin ,and when no but alſo the difference of placeand region;%ſſorctſi?hac they Byre in ſoz]nc)Co%mcrics, and nor; in other. WW hen they hane bitten, there followeth Ajyvehement payne and ſcabbe vppon the place, for the cure whereofthere muſt be taken a decoGion of. Froggeſ,and the broth muſt be drunke, and the fleſh applyed to the ſore »or elſeother common remedieſ againſt the poyſon preſcribed in the Treatiſe following. . —% The poyſon hereof iſ great, and not inferiour to the poyſon of any other Serpent, for ſometimeſ by creeping—ypon Apple—treeſ, it infeeeth and poyſoneth all the fruite, ſo that thoſe which care the ſame, dye and languiſh they know not whereof : and ifthe heele of a man doe but touch any ſmall part or portion of the ſpettle ofa Salamander, it maketh all the hayre of the body to fall of., The poyſon itſelfe iſ not cold,aſ ſome hane thought,but © hote, like to the poyſon'of Cantharideſ, and therefore to be cured byithe ſame meaneſ,aſ 20 30 40 50 by vomitſ, Glyſterſ, Ephemeron, and fuch like. Onely Swyneſdoe eatc Salamanderſ without harme or damage, for there iſ in them a kinde of reſiſtance in nature, and yet if man or dogge doe chaunce to eate of that Swyne that hath eaten a Salamander , it hath eene obſerued that they perriſhed by the ſame. And thiſ poyſon ſpreadeth itſelfe the fur— ther when it iſ dead, becauſeit iſ ſtrengthened by purrefacGtion, and wine or water wher. in one of theſe lycth dead, iſ empoyſoned & made mortall thereby to otherſ. Butin our dayeſ Salamanderſ arenot ſo venomouſ, if there be any credite.in 2/4/awoluſ, Rowbeit I haue heard and read, that if at thiſ day a Salamandergetinto a heape of corne, ſhe ſo in— feeterh it, that whatſocuer eateth of that,Corne, dyeth aſ it were of poyſon,and the Kine! of Heluetia, which are ſucked by Salamanderſ, doe ener after remaine barren, and with— outmilke, and:ſometimealſo they dye of thateuill .; And aſ Arppld@ſ writeth, it caſtech forth a certaine mattery white humou like milke out of the mouth, wherevpon, if a man or any other lining creature doe but tread, he iſ poyſoned thereby andiattheleaſt, allthe hayre of their body falleth off, and in like fort they infeQX herbeſ &; plantſ of the earth by theyrpoyſon. o ratiſgaced af br 6 attatl Sometimeſ it happeneth thatbeaſtſ ormen haue ſwallowed. Salamanderſ ſ and—chen the tongue iſ inflamed, and all the body falleth into.gtieuouſ torment ,; by cold corriupti— on and putrefaGion, partafter part, andalſo paineſ in the fundament & in chcſidx}]ack, likewiſe dropſieſ, and impoſtumation, in' the belly, crampe of the gurteſ, andfclention of vrine. For the cure whereof they givic ſweete water, Calamyntſy SaintJIohnſ.wort; ſoc.{ with the ſhellſ Pine—appleſ, leafeſ of Cypreſſe, Galbaynſ , and hony or Rozenſ dmzmoni— drke, and Styrax. New cow—milke, the meale made of flax—ſeede Wzth ſweete waree,ſweer wine and oyle to cauſe vomitſ : Scammony,& a decoGion of Calamintſ and figgeſ; farre Bacon or hoggeſ—fleſh, and alſo the eggeſ of a Torteyſe, with the fleſh thcrepf 3 beſideſ inſ finiteother remedicſ, ordained by the goodneſſe of Almighty God; aſ Phiſitianſ knowe by their owne ſtudie and daily experimentſ. And therefore I hold it ſufficient ifor mee co hauclightly touched them, referring thoſe that aredeſirouſ to know more, vntſio_?tſſhc leat» ned collection of Carromuſ. vinlyw & onſmied t olA a — Out of the Salamander it ſelfe ariſe alſo ſomie medicineſ, for it hath a ſeptick power to eate and corrode to takeiaway hayreſ,and the powderthereofcureth corneſ and hardneſ in the feeteſ. The hart tyed to the wriſt in a blacke Skinne, takethraway a quarrane—Ague, and alſo KXiradideſ writeth, that being bound voto a womanſ thigh, it ſtayeth het month— lic flowerſ, and keepeth her barren : Butthiſ iſ worthily reproucd for yvatruth,and there— fore I will not commend it to the Reader: And thuſ much for the Salamander; V3 \ roin@E eLlianta, 223 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. 7 OF THE SCORPION. © — 20 ==1 corpieſ in Greeke iſ aveributed both to the Scorpion of the Land flZ | and of the Sea, although ſome—timeſ for difference ſake,the ſcor— pionſ of the carth be called Scorpioſ cher/aioſ. The derivation iſ | manifold according to ſome W riterſ , either of Sepypicein op *"jon, that iſ, diſperſing hiſ poyſon, or of Sckanceſ erpein , becauſe themotion ofit iſ oblique, inconſtant, and yncertaine,like aſ the i) || Aame of fire beaten with a ſmall wind. The Greecianſ allo vſe for >_—*1| a Scorpion Ble#aſ, becauſe it caſteth poyſon, & oeZopoſ from the number of hiſ eight feete. And in Ethyopia there iſ a kind of Scorpion which the Greckſ call Sybrizte. The Latineſ doe vſe indifferently Scorpinſ, Seorpio nepa, & Cancer alſo vinula and Gepraria, aſ we find in Poyzettuſ. T he Arabianſ haue many wordſ ,aſ Hazzrab, Acrob, Achrach, and Satoracon, Hacparab, algerarat, algeterat , and algenit and alkatareti, for lit— tle Scorpionſ which draw their tayleſ after them. Howbeit, among theſe nameſ alſo A/— garatſignifieth that little kind of ſcorpionſ, & Algararat, the Scorpion with buncheſ on hiſ backe. The Hebreweſ, accorditigto the opinion of ſome ; call a Scorpion Acchabim. TheIralianſ Senrzigicio, and Scorpione terreſire. The Freach;vp ſcorpion,thc Spanyardſ, Alacram & alacrant, which name theyhauc allo given to an Iland in the weſt—Indicſ ſub— ie& to their dominion. In Caſtilia itiſcalled Z/<9»rpien, and iriſGermany Ein ſcorpion. The Countrieſ which breed Scorpionſ, are theſe that followyin Epypt neere the Citty Coptwſ, are many very greatand peſhlent ſtinging Scorpionſ , who kill aſ ſoone aſ they 40 Yaring, _(Mite:— Alſo Ethyopia and Numidia abound with Scorpionſ, elpecially the latter, wherin Sirabo (aſ writech Leo Affric:)are cuery yeere found very many thatdie of their woundſ. Temmſ one ofthe Cyc/adeſ Tlkandſ, iſ called Oppieſſ/a, becauſe it yeeldeſ many Serpentſ and Scor— pionſ. Alſo in that part of Mauritania which iſ neere the vveſt, are Scorpionſ with wingſ and without wingſ : likewiſe in Iberia, Catia, & Lybia. And it iſalſo ſaid,that once there Elianuſ weremany Scorpionſ brought into India, into that part of the Country whiere the Rhi— Leo Afric: gophagi dwell. By the way betwixt Swſiſ in Perſiaand Media; there were wount 'to abound Scorpionſ vnder euery ſtone and turffe , for which cauſe , when the King of Petſia waſ wont to goe into Media,hc gaue commaundement vnto hiſ people to ſcoure the wayoby Ctratſ, vſiog ali meaneſ to kill them, giving piftſ to them that killed the greateſt number of Scor— . pidnſ. There iſ an auncienttowne in Affticke called Peſeara, wherein the abundance of 5 Scorpionſ do ſo much harme, that they drivie away the inhabitantſ all the Sommer—tMe cuery yeete vntill Nouember following. And in like fort D/odormſ declareth of many 0— ther placeſ, vrrerly forſaken to anoyd the multitude of Scorpionſ, aſ namely,one paFt of Arabia,and the region of India about A7zhatan,or the riner E/fwarenmſ, likewiſe neere the P Cona— 30 Eliannſ Of the Scorþion. 223 Cynamolgiin Ethyopia. There iſ alſo a Citty called Alabanda, ſtanding betwixt two hillſ or mountaineſ, like aſ a cheſt turned inward , which Apolloninſ calleth Ciſtam inner/am Scorpionibuſ plenam : acheſt turned inward full of Scorpionſ. In an Hand of Capay/a alſo are many Scorpionſ, and thoſemoſt peſtilent, whichthe Turkeſ gatheraſ often aſ they may to ma}cc oyle of Scorpionſ: InItaly; cſpecially in the Mount TeH2@cemſ in Romc,aſſrc Cordut alſo Scor_pwns, although not ſo hurtfullaſ in Afftica, and other placeſ , and it iſ thought that Pſh'/!{, whoſe nature enreth all kind of vetiomouſ Serpentſ harmeſ , did onely for In. cerſ ſake bring Serpentſ and Scorpionſ into Italy, and there they left them, whereby they encreaſe to that number & multittuide which now we ſee them hauc; And thuſ much may. 10 ſuffice to haue ſpoken of the Countrieſ of Scorpionſ. 43 T he kindeſ of Scoipionſ I finde alſo to be many , but generally they may bereferred ynto twayne, whereof one iſ called the Scorpion of the earth,; and the other the Sſicorpi— on of the water or of the Sea, whoſe diſcourſe or hiſtory iſ to be found among the fiſheſ, for we in thiſ place doc onely write of the Scorpion of the earth , which iſ alſo called by Auicen a wild Scorpion: Of thiſ kind there are many differenceſ. Firſt they differ in ſex, — for thereare maleſ and femaleſ, and the female iſ grcater then the male, becing alſo farte, hauing a groſſer body, and a greater & ſharper ſting, but the male iſ more fierce then the fcmalc_:. Againe, ſome of theſe haue wingſ, and ſome are without wingſ, andſomearein G/t», quantitie greater then a Beane, aſ in Heluetia, necre Rapir/will by Zyricke. The Scorpi. 20 onſ called Vimwle, are of teddiſh colour, aſ it were roſe—water and wine mixed together : and from thence it iſ probable that they tooke their name, and from their colour; the Au— thourſ haue obſcrued ſeauen ſcuerall kindſ., Thae firſt iſ white, and the byting of thiſ iſ not deadly: The ſecond iſ reddiſh, like fire flamant, and thiſ when it hath wounded cauſeth thrſt; Thae third iſ of a pale colout, and therefore called by the Grzecianſ Z ophorideſ, & theſe when they haue wounded a man , cauſe himito line in continuall motion and agitation of hiſ body,ſo aſ he cannor ſtand ſtill, but remainieth diſtraQ & without wit,alway laughſ ing, like a foole. The fourch kind iſ greeniſh, and therefore termed Gh/o40ſ , which hauing wounded, 30 cauſethintollerable trembling, ſhaking and quiucring,'flhdalſo cold, ſo that if the patient be layd in the hor ſunne, yet he thinketh that he freezeth like hayle, or rather feeleth hayle to fall vpon him. The fift kind iſ blackiſh—pale, and it iſ called Eppelioſ, it hath a great belly and broade; whereof the poyſon iſ great, and cauſeth after ſtinging an admirable heauineſſe, and ſor. rowfull ſpirit. Thiſ kind iſ called by Geſmer,Ventricoſwm,becauſe of the large belly, by the Arabianſ Algerarat, and by Ponzettuſ,Geptaria— It eateth herbeſ,and the bodyeſ of men, and yet remaineth inſatiable, it hath a bunch on the backe, and a tayle longer then orhct Scorpionſ. | T he ſixt iſ like a Crabbe, & thiſ iſ called by Eljeanſ a flamant Scotpion, it iſ of a great 40 body, and hath tongeſ and takerſ very ſolide and ſtrong , like the Gramuellor Creuiſh, & iſ therefore thought to take the beginning from that fiſh; The ſeauenth iſ called Me/Mich/ormſ , becauſe of the honny—colour thereof , or rather waxe—colout, and the wingſ it hath on the backe, are like the wingſ of a Locuſt. a Alſo Scorpionſ do differ among themſeliteſ in regard oftheir outward partſ, for ſorhe of them have wingſ,.aſ thoſe in India, which are ſpoken ofby Szrabo,Nicander,& otherſ, and therefore many timeſ when they ſettle themſelueſ to flie; they are tranſported by the wind from one country to another, —" There iſ alſo another difference obſcrued in their rayleſ , and in their ſtingſ , for ſome . , . of them haue ſixe knotſ on their tayleſ, and ſome of them ſeauen, and thoſe whxch ha}xe Pign 50 ſeauen, are more hardy & fierce,but thiſ falleth out vety ſildome that he Storpionſ hſiu/xſſ: ſeauen knotſ in their tayle, and therefore much ſildomer to haue ninc, aſ writeth Ap/o— doruſ. For if any haue ſeaucn, then iſ therelikewiſe in theim a double ſting, for there iſ al— ſo another difference, ſome of them hauing a ſingle, and ſome a double ſting , Ma ſOFIC- eAviſtotle timeſ a treble one, and the ſting of the male iſ more thicke and ſrong then the ſting of the female. V a And y Pliny. e lianuſ. The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. 1 Aund toconcliide, thereiſalſo a difference in motion; for ſome of them holde vp theyr cayleſ from the earth, and theſe are not much venomouſ, otherſ againe draw them alon vpon the carth, a ltle rowled together, and theſe are moſt deadly and poyſonfiull, ſome ofthem alſo Ayc from one Region to another, aſ we hauc ſhewed already, + Againe,chere iſ nothing that giueth a man a more liuely difference then theconſidera— tion of their poy{on, for the Scorpionſ of Pharmſ, and that part ofthe Alpeſ neere 7rg;;. cum, docneuce harmeany lining creature, and therfore are they ſuffered to abound, ſ aſ they line vodevenery ſtone» In like fort, in the Ile Sengwolſ, the Scorpionſ ate like yaro thoſethat are in Caſtilia or Spayne, for there the ſting of the Scorpion dooth not brin death, yet thcy cauſe a ſmarting paine, like the paine that commeth by the ſtinging of 2 1, Weaſpe» differing heerein, that the Scorpionſ ſtinging iſ more laſting % continueth lon— ger then the ſtinging of a W alpe, for it tarrieth about a quarter o_f an houre , and by the byting thereof all are not payned alike, for ſome feele more, and iomq leſſer paine. Con— traty to theſe are the Scorpionſ of Pe/eara in Afftick, who cuer with theyr tayleſ vvound mortally. And tho in Scythia, which are great, and hurtfull vntro men and beaſteſ, ky}. ling ſ{wyne, who doc not much care for any other ſerpent , eſpecially the blacke ſW_vſ]eſſ who doe alſo dye the (ooner, if they drinke immediatly after the wound receined . The like may beiſaid of the Scorpionſ of Egypt.And thuſ much for the different kindſ of Scor., pionſ, wherein nature produceth a notable varietie, aſ may app.care by all that hath been ſaid. Now it followeth that wee likewiſemake ſome relation of theyr con gruity one with 20 another. They arcalllitile lining creatureſ, not much differing in proportion from the great Scarabee or Horſe—flie, except in the faſhion of theyr taileſ. Their backe iſ broad and flat, diftinguiſhed by cerraine knotſ or ſcameſ, ſuch aſ may beſeene in Sea—crabbeſ, yet theyr head differeth, and hath no reſemblance with the Crabbe, becauſe it iſ longer , and han. geth farre out from the body, the countenaunce whereof iſ fawning, and vitgin—like, and allthe colour a bright browne. Notwithſtanding the fayre face, it beareth a ſharpe ſtin in the tayle, which tayle iſ full ofknotſ, where—withall it pricketh and hurteth that which it toucheth, And thiſ Pliyy affirmeth to be proper to thiſ infe& ,to haue a ſting in the tayle and to haue armeſ : For by armtſ hee meancth the two croſic forkeſ or tongeſ which 30 come from it one both ſideſ, in the toppeſ whereofare litrle thingeſ like pynſonſ , to de— taine and hold faſt, that which it apprehendeth, whileſ it woundeth with the ſting in the tayle. It hath eyght feete, foure on the one ſide, and foure on the other, from whence, aſ we have ſhewed already, it iſ called 0fZ9p05. For the feete and armeſ therof iſ very much like yato the Sea—crabbe, and therefore may not vnfitly be called eyther the Mother or the Daugbrer thereof. They haue alſo tongueſ , where—withall they vſe often to licke and ſmooth ouer theyr owne bodyeſ. And ſeeing of all other thingſ they loue freſh & cleane linnen, whercinto they inſinuate and wrappe themſelueſ when they can come vnto it,: then alſo firſt of all they clenſetheyr whole bodyeſ all ouer with theyr tongueſ , and nEXt 49 to their fleſh put on thiſ cleane linnen, aſ a man would put on a ſhirt. +— Aſ wec haue ſaid alreadic, it hath a tayle, wherein the ſting thereof iſ placed, but what thiſ ſting iſ, dinerſ Authourſ are of diverſ opinionſ concerning the ſame, fome affitming itnto be hollow, otherſ denying it, finding in it no paſſage at all to containe or couny poy— fon. Aelianuſ againe ſayth,that there muſt needſ be in it a paſſage or cauitic , althoughit be fo ſmall, aſ by no meaneſ it can be perceiued with the eyeſ of any mortall man, and in that ſting iſ the poyſon lefie viſible, which when it ſtriketh, diſperſeth it ſelfe inſtantly in— to the wound. But what ſhould thiſ poyſon be ? whether a ſubſtanceor ſpirituall humor, ſuvely a ſubſtaunce, which although it be MJle minimſ , yetfacultate maxima , that iſ, of great power, although of ſmall quantitie: And therefore another Authour (namely 6c— ' rarduſ,) writeth thereofafter thiſ manner 5 Scorpinſ© centro quod canum eſſe creditur emit— 4 tit humorem venenoſum; : T bat iſ to ſay , the Scorpion out of a hollow center , ſendeth foorth a venomouſ humour. And of thiſ venom wee will afterwardſ diſcourſe more at large. Thuſ much in thiſ place may ſerue, to make knowne the ſeuerall partſ and mem— berſ of thiſ Serpent Now | " 10 20 30 Of the Scorpion. 225 Now then it followeth;, thar we engquireabout tt inerof their byr on, which I find to be double, aſ diu;lrs Auth e cufene tion, and the other by laying of eggeſ, cedeor generati— orſ haue obſerned , onie way iſ by putrefac— , a _ and both theſe wayeſ are conſonant to nature; fo: Lacinivſ writeth,charſome creatureſ are generated onely by propagation of ſeed ;ſuch are mcn,Ylpcrs,Whalcs,ſi&ſſtþc Palme—tree—ſome againe onely by pu&cfaction,as thelouſe, the flyc,graſſe,S ſuch like imperfea thingſ,& ſome both wayeſ,aſ myce, ſcorpionſ, em— metſ, ſp_ydcrs, Purſlainc,which firſt of all were procuced by putrefaction : and ſince theiſ generation are conſerued by the ſeede and eggeſ of their owne kind. Now therefore wee will firſt of all ſpeake of the generation of Scorpionſ by putrefacGion , and afterward by propagation. Plinyſaith, that when Sea—crabbeſ dye , and theyrbodyeſ are dryed vppon the earth when the Sunne enterethrinto Caprer and Scorpinſ, out of the purrefaCtion thereofariſech a Scorpior_: 5 & fo out of the putrified body ofthe Creuiſh burned, ariſe Scorpionſ,which cauſed Ow@d thuſ to write 5 Concanalittoreo {? demaſ brachia cancro, . Catera ſupponaſ terr a , de parte ſepulta Scorpinſ exibit, candague minabitur vncaſ _ And againe : \ Obrutiſ exemptiſ Canver tellure lacertiſ, \ > Scoyrpinſ exigno tempore facluſ erit, InEngliſh thuſ; If that the arieſ you take from Sea—crab—fiſh, And put the reit in earth till all conſumed be, Ont of the buried part a Scorpion will ariſe, With hooked tajle doththreaten for to hurt thee. And therefore it iſ reported by Eliama@ſ, that about E/Zamennſ in India, there areabiin: dance of Scorpionſ generated, onely by corrupt raine—water ſtanding in that place. Alſo out of the Baziliſke beaten into pecceſ and ſo purrified, are Scorpionſ engendered. And when aſ one had planted the herbe B4///icſ on a wall , in' the roome or place thereof hee — found two Scorpionſ. And ſome ſay that if a man chaw in hiſ mouth faſting thiſ herbe Zſ: Laciim Baſillbefore he waſh, and afterward lay the ſame abroade vncouered where no ſun tom— meth at it for the ſpace of ſeauen nightſ, raking it in all the day time ; hee ſhall at length find it tranſmuted into a Scorpion, with a tayle of ſeauen knotſ. 3 Holleriuſ, to take away all ſcruple ofthiſ thing, writeth that in Italy in hiſ dayeſ, there >, . 7.; waſ a man that had a Scorpion bredde in hiſ braine , by continuall ſmelling to thiſ herbe i Bafill, and Geſwer by relation of an Apothecary in Fraunce, writerhlikewiſe a ſtorie of a young mayde, who by ſmelling to Baſill, fell into an exceeding head—ach , whereof ſhee dyed withoutr cure, and after her death becing opened, there were found little Scorpionſ in her braine. + t * Ariſtotle remembreth an herbe which he calleth S//»4»ze,out of which putrified Scor— pionſ are engendered, aſ he writeth. And wee haue ſhewed already in thehiſtory of the Crocodile, that out of the Crocodileſ eggeſ doe many timeſ come Scorpionſ, Whlch at their firſt egreffion doc kill theyr dam that hatchedthem, which cauſed Archelam which Phileſ eX liannn f — wrote Epigramſ of wonderſ vnto Prolamenſ, to ſing of Scorpionſ in thiſ manner. SO In voſ diſſoluit morte, &rredigit Crocodilum Natura extinGum, Scorpi omnipotenſ, Which may be englifhed thuſ; ® < To you by Scorpionſ death the ommipotent _ Rnineſ the Crocodillin natureſ life extini . And thuſ much for the generation of Scorpionſ out of putrefaction. Now we wil pro— ceede to the ſecond manner of their generation, which iſ by propagation ofſeede : þfof:lk; ROUS) Pliz, ad linnuſ. The Hifſtory of Serpentſ. though Ponzettuſ make fome queſtion about their copulation,yet he himſelf. inclinethto that opinion, aſ neerer vnto truth, which attributeth carnall copulation ynto them, ang therefore he alledgeth the example of flyeſ, which admitte copulation although they en. gender not thereby. VW herefore wee will take it for graunted, that Scorpionſ lay epgeſ aftercopulation, which hapneth both in the Spring and Autumne. And theſe are for the moſt part in number cleuen, vpon which they ſit and hatch their young oneſ, and when once they are perfected within , thoſe eggeſ ( which are in fioh: like the little wormeſ out of which Spyderſ are engendered) then doe they breake thſicyr eggeſ, and drive the young out. For aſ 7/@dorwſ writeth, otherwiſe the olde ſhould be de. ſtroyed of the young, euen aſ are the Crocodileſ. Some againe ſay, that the old Scorpi. onſ doe denuour theyr young oneſ. Becing thuſ produced by generation, they line vppon the earth , and thoſe which are bredde o%\hc Sea—crabbe, doe feede vppon the foame of the Sea—water, and a continuall whitemould or chalke neere the Sea. But the Scorpionſ of Ethyopia doe eate all kind of wormeſ, flyeſ, and ſinall Serpentſ. Yea thoſe Serpentſ whoſe very dunge becing troden vpon by man, bringeth exulcerationſ : And a tryall that Scorpionſ eate Ayeſ , waſ made by Welphinſ at Montpelicr, for hauing a young one in a boxe, for one whole month toge— ther itliued vpon flyeſ, and grew by the devouring of them bigger , becing put into the glaſſe vnto him. E T hey liue among tyleſ and brickſ very willingly ; and for thiſ cauſe they abound in 2 Rome in the hill called TeF4@ewſ They are alſo in Bononia found in the wallſ of old hou— ſeſ, betwixt the ſtoneſ and the morter. T hey loue alſo cleane clotheſ, aſ we haue ſayd al. ready, and yet they abhorre all placeſ whereon the Sunne ſbyneth. And it ſcemeth that theſunune iſ vtterly a%\ainſt their nature , for the fame Scorpion which Wolphivſ had at Montpelier, liued in the glaſſe vntill one day he ſet it in the Sunne,and then preſently after it dyed. To conclude, they louc hollow placeſ of the carth neere gutterſ, and ſometimeſ they creepe into menſ beddeſ, where vnawateſ they doe muchharme : and for thiſ cauſe the Lybianſ, who among other Nationſ are moſt of all troubled with Scorpionſ, doyvſletoſet theyr beddeſ farre from any wall, and very high alſo from the floore,to keepe the Scorpi— 30 onſ from aſcending vp vnto them. And yet fearing all deuiſeſ ſhould be too.little to ſecure them againſt thiſ cuill, they alſo ſet the feete of theyr beddeſ in veſſellſ of water , that ſo the Scerpion may not attempt ſo much aſ to climbe vp vnto them for feare of drowning. And alſo for their further ſafegard, they were ſockſ and hoſe in theyr beddeſ o thicke aſ the Scorpion cannot eaſily ſting thorough them. And if the bed be ſo placed that they cannor get any hold thereof beneath , then they clymbe vp to the ſieling or couer of the bouſe, & if there they find any hold for their pin— ching leggeſ to apprehend and faſten vppon, then in their hatred to man—kind, they vſe thiſ pollicic to come ynto him. Firſt one of them (aſ I haue ſaid) taketh hold vppon that place in the houſe or ſieling ouecr the bed whetein they find the man aſlecpe, and ſo hang— 40@ eth thereby, putting out and ſtretching hiſ ſting to hurt him, but finding it too ſhort, and not beeing able to reach him, he ſuffereth another of hiſ felloweſ to come and hang aſ faſt by him aſ he doth ypon hiſ hold, and ſo that ſecond giueth the wound : and if that ſecond be not able likewiſe, becauſe of the diſtance, to come at the man, then they both admit a third to hang vpon them, and ſo a fourth vpon the third, and a fift vpon the fourth, varill they haue made themſelueſ like a chayne, to deſcend from the toppe to the bedde wherin the man ſleepeth, and the laſt ſtriketh him : after which ſtroke,bc firſt of . allrunneth away by the backe of hiſ fellow, and euery one againe in ordet,till all of them haue withdrawne themſelueſ. By thiſ may be colleSed the crafty diſpoſition of thiſ Scorpion, and the great ſubtiluie — and malice that it iſ indued withall in nature, and ſeeing they can thuſ accord together in 5 harming a man, it argueth their great mutuallloue and concord one with another,wher— fore I cannot but maruell at them,who haue written that the old oneſ deſtroy the young, all but one, which they ſet vpon theyr owne buttockſ, that ſo the damme may be ſecured from the ſting and bytingſ ofher ſonne. For ſecing they can thuſ hang vpon one an(;lhct without & 10 20 36 SG Of the Scorpion, without harme, favouring theit owne kinde , I ſee no cauſe but that namre hath grafeed mtchmore loue betwixt the old and the young oneſ, ſo aſ neither the old do firſt deſtroy the young, nor afterward, that young one preſerued, in reuenge of hiſ felloweſ quarrel] killeth hiſ Parentſ. £ f . It iſ reported by A7/@#ozle chat there iſ a hill in Ca//a wherein the Scorpionſ doe neuer ſting any ftrangerſ that lodge there, but onely the naturall borne people of that country: And hccrc_-vmo Pliny and Elianuſ ſceme to ſublctibe, when they write that Searpioneſ ex— traneoſ leniter merdere, that iſ, Scorpionſ byte ſtrangerſ but gently, And hcereby it may be collected, that they are alſo by nature very ſagaciouſ, and can diſcerne betwixt nature and nature ; yea the particuler differenceſ in one & the ſame nawre. To conclude, Scor— pionſ haue no power to hurt, where there iſ noblood. ſ " The naturall amity and comity they obſerue with other creatureſ commeth now to be handled,; and I find that it wantech notaduerſarieſ, nor itagaine hath no defed of poy— fon or malice to make reſiſtance and oppoſition,and to take vengeance on ſuch aſ it mce— tech vvlthſia]l. The principall of all other ſubic&ſ of their hatred are virginſ and yyomen; Whom they doe not onely deſire to harme , but alſo when they haue harmed , ate neper perfectly reconered. And thiſ iſ at all timeſ of the day, but vnto men they are moſt dange— xouſ in themorning faſting; before they haue vented their poyſon , and thiſ iſ to be ob, ſetued , that their tayleſ are never vnprouided of ſtingſ, and ſufficient ſtore of venome; to hurt ypon all occaſionſ. — \, Dioget The Lyon iſ by the Scorpion put to flight whereſocuet hee ſeeth it, for he feareth it aſ the enemy ofhiſ life, and therefore writeth S. Ambroſe, Exigno Scorpioniſ aculeo exagita— tur Lee,che Lyon iſ much mooted at theſmall ſting of a Scorpion. Scorpionſ doe alſo deſtroy other Serpentſ, and are likewile deſtroyed by them. There waſ one Cellariuſ a Phiſitian in Padua, who put together into one viall a Viper and a Scorpion } where they continually fought together yntill they had killed one another. The Swyne of Scythia, which doe ſafely eate all other kind of Serpentſ and venomouſ beaſtſ, without all harme, yetare deſtroyed by cating of Scorpionſ, and ſo great iſ the poyſon of the Sibarite Scor— pion; that the dung thereof becing trode vppon, breedeth vicerſ. & And aſ in thiſ manner we ſec the virulence, and naturall cuill of Scorpionſ againſt o— therlining creatiireſ, ſo now weare to confſider the terroutſ of the Scorpion, for God in nature hath likewiſe ordained ſome bodieſ, whereby the Scorpion ſhould be . , and iſ dry— uen away; ſcarred; and deſtroyed. B out 2 Firſt of all therefore men, which are the cheefe, and head of allliuing creatureſ, do by naturallinſtin&, killand deſtroy Scorpionſ; and therefore Galew wryteth thuſ, Let. vſ (ſaith he) kill Scorpionſ,Spyderſ and Viperſ,not becanſe they are cuill in themſclueſ,but becauſe it iſ ingrafted in vſ by nature, to loue that whichiſ good vnto yſ, but to hate and auert from that which iſ euill yrito vſ, Now conſideranteſ genitum ne ita ſit an {eeuſ, not cb— ſidering whether it were ſoibred or.not. Aſ we haue ſhewed their gencration out of pu— trefaction to Be by heate, ſo alfo iſ their deſtruction by heate, for they are not able to a— bidethe heate of theſunne, and therefore, although they cannot liue in cold Northerne Countrieſ, but in the horter, yet inthe hotter they chooſe ſhaddoweſ, holeſ ofthe earth; coucrture of houſeſ , and ſuch like, vile and obſcure placeſ ; . to ſuccour andecure theni ſclueſ in. y i | Pothy MaT a It iſ alſo—reported,chat if Scorpionſ doc at any time bchold a Stellion,they ſtand ama— 227 Albertni, . eB liannſ zed and wonderfully aſtoniſhed. The Viper alſo hauing killed a Scorpion,, becommeth Gallen. more venomouſ, and the Ibiſ of Egyprdeſttoycth Scorpionſ. There are a little kind of Emitmctſ, called by the Arabianſ Gerazerſ, which are catetſ of Scorgpionſ. The quicke— ſighted Hawkeſ alſo, from whoſe.pietcing eye no Serpent can be hidde, when hc_c ſeeth a Scorpion; he neither feareth nor ſpareth it. It iſalſo thought that Hareſ arenevcrmole— ſted b y Scorpionſ, becauſeifaman or bctfſi be anq'yncccſil with the rennet ofa Harc_,tſiherg iſ no Scorpion or Sp'ſſ,ſſd:rthatwiſſll hurt him. Wild—goateſ are alſo ſaid to liue without. feare of Scorpionſ, cuen aſ the Affiican Plylli of whom we hauc oftenſpoken. Now thiſ verme againſt Scorpionſ, iſ not onely in living thingſ, butalſo in tfſic plam% bfthe carthy& therefore Seſtivſ writeth, that the feede of Noſe—wort bumed or ſicorzf(ifg Ponzcttne DPalladinſ Rafiſ. Stribe, Plutarch, Gillinp. eAEtinſ: Solinuſ, The Hiſtory of Serpentſ, doth drive away Serpentſ, and reſift Scorpionſ,and ſo doth the roote of the Maſt.trec, 8 the ſeede of Violetſ, and the ſame vertue iſ aſcribed to the herbe Zyrhivſ , which iſ engliſ ſhed Calueſ—ſmout, and alſo to the ſeede of W ild—parſenip. ; Thc ſmcll of Garlicke and VV ild—mintſ ſet on fire, or ſtrewed on the gtoiind , & Dit.. tany hane the ſime operation : and abouc all other, one of theſe Scorpionſ burned , dry, neth away all hiſ felloweſ which are within the ſmell thereof, and thgrcforc thiſ iſ amoſt vſuall thing in Aſia and Affricke; to perfume their houſeſ with Scorpionſ butned, and in ſtecd thercof they make aſ it were litcle pillſ of Galbanwme ſandarachſ,with butter, and the farte of Goateſ, and thereofaltogether make their perfure : alſo Bittony and wild—Pelli. tory with Brimſtone. They vſe alſo to coucr panneſ with certaine thingſ called by them 10 Alkitran and Aſa,and with theſe they compaſſc the place wherein the Scorpion lodgeth, and then it iſ found that they can neuer ſtir any more from that place. And fome in ſtcede thereof,poute oyle into their holeſ after them for the ſame effeet. And the Huſband—mcn 6f Mautitania doe tye and faſten to their bedde—ſideſ ſprigſ of White—thorne,and Haſcll. nutſ, where—withall, by a ſecrete antipathy in nature , they drive away, and keepe them— felueſ fſafe in their beddeſ from the annoyance of Scorpionſ. By touching of Henbane they lye dead and oucr—come; butifone touch them againe with white Ellebore, they reuive, and are releaſed from their former ſupefaCion. It iſ al— fo ſaid, that the leafeſ of water—malloweſ do alſo aſtoniſh Scorpionſ, and ſo alſo doth the Radiſh—roote. The Sea—crabbe with Baſillin hermouth deſtroyeth the Scorpion , andſo *e doth tunicle and muſhrom of T'reeſ. To conclude,the ſpettle of a man iſ death ynto Scot— pidaſ ; and therefore when a certaine fellow tooke vpon him to be a cunning Charmer, and by incantation to kill a Scorpien, he added to thewordeſ of hiſ charme a treble ſpet. ting in the mouth of the Serpent, and ſo it dyed : where—vpon Welphiwſ which waſ preſent and faw thiſ Charmer , did afterward by himſelfe alone at home , make triall of ſpetre without dcharme, and ſo found that it alonekilleth Scorpionſ , eſpecially the ſpettleof2 man faſting, or very thirſty, Moreoucr, there be certaine Landſ wherein no Scorpionſ will live, aſ that about C/upeſ in Affticke , and the duſt of the Iland Gaw/wſ neere Cercinſ, beeing ſprinckled vpon a Scorpion, doth incontinently kill it» And ſo much alſo writeth Hermolauſ, of the Region Galatha. 30 Theſe and ſuch like thingſ are obſerued by our painefull and induſtriouſ Aunceſtourſ about the nature of Scorpionſ, aſ well that which iſ hurtfull vato them, & they are afraid of, aſ thoſe to which they are enemicſ in nature, & wound mortally when they light vp— Ponthem. It iſ remembred by Texza7, that Orioſ waſ flaine by a Scorpion, vvherevpon the Poetſ haue made many taleſ. They ſay that when he waſ gtowne to be a man,he waſ 2 great hunter, and a continuall companion of D/a@4, who glorying much in hiſ ovyne ſtrength, boaſted that he waſ able to ouer—come any Serpent, or other wild beaſt, where— ar the Godſ becing angry, for reuenge & taking downe the pride of thiſ young man,cau= ſed the earth to bring forth a Scorpion, who killed Oyiop. VW hereat Diamſ waſ very ſory, and cherefore in lamentation of her champion, and for the good deedcſ he had done vn— 4@ to her, tranſlated him into heauen, cloſe by the conſtellation of the Bull. Zucaz on the o. therſide ſaith, that Diawa ſent thiſ Scorpion to kill him , enuying hiſ famouſ ſucceſſe in hunting, and that afterward the Goddeſſe taking pitty on him , tranſlated him into hea— ucn. Otherſ write againe, that he had hiſ eyeſ put out by Oc@opion, & that he came blind foto the Iland Leppm, where he receiued a horle of w/can, vppon which hee rode to the Sun—riſing, in which iourney, he recouered againe hiſ eye—ſight, and ſo returning, he firſt determined to take reuenge vpon Ocnopien for hiſ former cruelty. VW herefore hee came into Creete, and ſecking Oczopion, could not find him, becauſe he waſ hid in the earthby hiſ Cittizenſ, but at laſt comming to him , there came a Scorpion and killed him for hiſ malice, reſcuing Ocnopion. Theſe and ſuch like fableſ are there about the death of Orian, 58 but all ofthe ioyntly agree in thiſ, that Or/e» waſ ſlaine by a Scorpion . And ſo Gith A#— thologiuſ waſ onc Panopeuſ a Hunter. T here iſ a common adage , Cornix Scerpinm, a Rauen to a Scorpion , and it iſ vſed a— gainſt them thar perriſh by their owne inuentionſ: when they ſet vpon otherſ,they mecte withtheir matcheſ, aſ a Rauen did when it preyed vppona Scorpion , thuſ dcſcri}nd by AlbiatiiSy Of the Scorpion. — Alctitnſ, vndet hiſ title Juſta vleio, iuſt reuenge, ſaying aſ followeth; Ruptabat volucer captum pede coruuſ in aur aſ Scorpion, andaci pr amia part a guig, ASM ilie infuſo ſenſine per membravenenſ, Reptorem in ſiygiaſ compulit vltor aquaſ.. 3 O riſn reſ digna;aliſ quifata parabat. ſ : Ipſeperiſt, propriſſ ſuccubuitque doliſ. Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; nenſ Rhth inſ i The ranening Crow for prey a Scdrpion tooke 7 ;\. 30 | Within her ffote, and there—withallalofſ didflye;, . +———— But he impoyſoſ'd her by force and ſlinging ſtroke, Soyauener in the Stygian—Lakediddye, ——., y oa . O ſportfull game *that he which other for bellyeſ{ake did kilt, — 1 By hiſ owne deceit ſhould fallinto deathſ will=<.<4 >o0d Od o o00) 'There be ſonic learned Writerſ who hane compared a ScorpionitoanEpigram , or gather an Epigramito a Scorpion,bccauſe aſ the ſting of the Scorpionlycthin:therayle, ſo Gyralduſ, the force and vertue of an Epigram iſ in the concluſion;forwel acriter & fulſe:mordeat,vel incunde &r dulciter delecet, that iſ, cytherletitbite ſharply at the end, or elſ delight plea ; 20 finglyſ There bemany wayeſ of bringing Scorpionſ out of their holeſ , andſotodcſtroy and take them, aſ we haue alteady, touched in part,vntowhich I'may adde theſethat fol— low ; A perfuime made.of Oxe—dung . alſo Storax and Arſenicke.. And Plipzywriteth; thae renne water—Crabſ beaten with Baſill iſ an excellent perfurme, for.thiſ purpoſe ; and ſo iſ the aſheſ of Scorpionſ. AndinPadua they.vſethiſ Arce,, with ſmaallſtickſor—ſtrawi they touch and make a noyſe vpon theſtoneſ and morture wherein they. haue theu neſtſ,them Cardex. theyithinking them to be ſome flycſ fo; their meate, inſtantly leape outſ .and ſo the maa thatideluded them;iſ ready with a pairc.ofſit_ongcſſsſi or other.infl:ument,, tolayhold vpon, theimand take them , by which meaneſ they take many,, and of them ſo taken, make oyle of Scorpignſ. And Gogſtantine writeth, that if atagnſ hand be well annointed withinyce 30 of Radiſh, hemay takechem witbout danger inhiſ barghand., >,00:4d afr ommobſ doum: In the next place we are to proceede to the veriom & poyſon of Scorpionſ, the inftri, ment or ſting whereof, lyeth not onely in the tayle, butalſo intherectha for aſ Pencdrrnmſ writeth, Leder ſcorpiuſ morſu &r id4; the Scorpion harmetaboth withteeth & taylechav; iſ, although the greateſt harme, doecomeby, thcſhſi\,ſſlg aimcthotayle, yeriſ there alſo ſom_ctc that cometh by theirbyting. Thiſ poyſon of Scorpionſ; (aſ Llizy out of Apelledoruſ wri— teth) iſ white, and in the heateoftheday iſ very detucon apir}}l_w_pſſfi;ll ſ fo aſ archat time they are inſatiably and.ynquenchably thirſty, formotonely thewild. orywood, Scorpion, butalſoallother,areofahor namre, and the Y!PKFSWSPWEZF:þy,tl,\lgs are ſuch aſ folſ, low theeffeaſ of hore poyſonſ : and therefore ſaith Re/rvall cheinremedicſ ate of acolde 40 qualitie. Yet Galen thinketh otherwiſe, and that t[ct1c poyſon_lgpo{gi)ſſ_aſing\ctthe effectſ thereſ ofarealſo.cold, For which cauſe &endeleeyſ preſcriberh._oyle 0 cScorpionſ 59 expellithe ſtone, and alſo the cureofthe poyſon iſſsflby_ſiſtctronſigſicſi;gr)id{c'and'ſiſſhg beſt Wiine,which are, — hore thingſ. Andtherefore I conclude, thatalthough Scorpighſ be moſt hote,yct iſ their Hon of a cold.hature};:; :om0o:loxi) 219925 nod) : >; a adviw brnmckiwnSlobyod ſ tirnen plice» ILthinke iſ needfull to expreflecho ſyinpromeſ,following the—ſtri— king orſtifiging oftheſevenomouſ Scorpionſ; andaheyare (aſ Adiioſ writeth) the very. ſame which follow the bytingor poyſon of thatkindg of great Phalayſ Spyder, called al—, ſo Teragnatum ,and that iſ, they are in ſuch caſe aſ thoſe perſenſ be which are ſmctitſſgc_g_vſſvnh inc—ſickneſleſ —aienid bomdldo od orranith vpath arpezich rebiþd md 59 thcfi:%kſi;c%iks ſtung by. a Scorpion ,thinkeththat he iſ preſfed with the fall of greatand cold haylc, beeing ſocold, aſ if hee. WGEc_gc_)nz_in_uglly inacold {weat, and ſdgn ſhort ſp;c; the poyſon diſperſethit ſelfe vyithinthe cktmme and ggnn__ccb plloucl the bod ſſ_y[ct,ncſi;cll-lcca. ſing vntill it come to poſſeſſe ſome prqdon}ſſ)_aq_\ggffictrctxnclgg_ll_wrail*parc,_ and then ho ovy;ſſ_. eth death. Fort aſ the Skinne iſ ſmalland thin,ſogheiſting pierecth to the botom:ihereof, and ſo into the fieſh , whereinwoundeth and i}_r_mp;cch _gy.t_h*:ſi_ſomc yeyne, or arteric, : * f 3 E orſinew, A 30 e tim. e lignut, Hely, Ihe Hiſtory of Serpentſ. &r ſinew, and ſo the member harmied, ſwelleth immediatly inco an exceeding great bulke and quantity and aking, withinſufferable tormentſ But yet (aſ we hane already ſaid) there iſ a difference of the paine, according to the difference of the Scorpion that ſtingech, Ifa man be ſtuing in the lower part of hiſ body; inſtantly followeth the extenſion of hiſ viril, member, & the ſwelling thereof: but if in the vpperpart, then iſ the perſon affeqted with cold, and the place ſmitten , iſ aſ if it were burned , hiſ countenaunce or face diſcorted, lewiſh ſpotſ about the eyeſ, & theteareſ viſcouſ and ſlymie, hardneſ of the articleſ, fal, %ng downe of the findament, and a continuall defire to egeſtion, foaming at the mouth, coughing, conuulſionſ of the braine, and drawing the face backward; the hayre ſtandeſ vpright, paleneſſe goeth otier all the body, and a continuall pricking'like the pricking of needelſ. T EEHTCOATTDK Allo, Gordomuſ writeth, that if the pricke fall vppon an artery; there followeth ſwou., tiing, but ifon a nerue, there ſpcedily followeth putreſaction and rotrenneſſe. And tho Scorpionſ which haue wingſ» make worndſ with a \compafſe like a bow , whoſe ſucece— ding ſymptromeſ are both heate and cold, and if they hurt about the caniculer dayeſ,their woundſareweryſildomerecouered. 7**» V A The Indian' Scorpionſcauſe deathithree monthſ after their woundſ; But moſt won. derfulliſtharwhich $#rabo relatech ofthe Albenian Scorpionſ and Spyderſ, whercofhee ſaitharetwo kindſ, andione kindkillech by laughing," the other by weeping . And if any Scorpionhurt a vainelin the head, it canſeth death by inadneſſe ," aſ writeth Parace/ſiſ, When an oxe or otherbeaſt iſ ſtrooken with a Scorpion, hiſ kneeſ are drawne topether, and he halteth;refuſing meate ; out of hiſ noſe floweth a greene humour, and when heciſ layd, he carethynot for riſing againe. V : 3 Theſcand ſuch likeare the ſymptomeſ that follow the bytingſ and ſtingingſ of Scor— pionſ, for the curewhereof I will remitthe Reader to that' excellent diſcourſe written by Welphinſ whetcinarelargely and learnedly expreſſed, whatſocuet Art could collet out of nature Andſtcinig wein our Countrylare free from Scorpionſ,and thereforeſhal haue noncedeto feare their poyſon, it ſhallnot Itruſt offendmy Reader.,. if I cur off therelati— on of Scorpionſ cureſ, aſ a thing which Eannot bencefit either the Engliſh—Reader , orelſe much adorne thiſ hiſtory, and'lo I will proceede to the medicineſ:drawne out of Scorpi ©REVEETSNTENTDTNETRLULCEIN IV IHA BBEE E t V Theapplicitionor vſeof Scorpionſ in medicine, iſ eyther by powder , orby oyle, or by applying them bruſed to their owne woundſ , wherefore eneryone of theſe are to be handled patticularly jand firſtofall for the powder,it iſ made by vſtion or burning in thiſ mannerſ They take tenne Scorþpionſ and put them alitic into a new—earthen potte,; whoſe mouthiſ to be dammed vp with loamcor'ſuch like ſtuffe, then muſt it be ſerte vpon a fire of Vinettec—ſhreddeſ, and thercin muſt the pot ſtand day and night vntill allwithinit be conſumed 'to powder, and you'ſhallknow by their white colour when they becnoughyo— therwiſe; if they be browne or burned, they muſt be continued longer,; and the vſeofthiſ powder iſ to expell the ſlohe. J I8 Shwiod;o thojrmid:i Againe, they vſe to tmake thiſpowder anocher wiy, they take twentie Scorpionſ, and put them in a little earchen pot with a natrow mouth; whichmonthmnſtbe ſtopped,and then'the potte put into a Frrnace by theſpace of ſixe houreſ, which Furnace muſtalſo be kept cloſe within, and with a gentle fire : then after ſixe houreſ take offthe por, andbruſe the Scorpionſ into powder,and keepe that powdet forthe vſe afore—aid. Thiere ate other waieſ allo to prepare thiſ powder, but in all preparationſ the attendant and afſiſtanemuſt takehcedc of the furnc or ſiloake that commeth frofn it , for that iſ very venomouſ and contagion© Iy iolorf eſ oig5 com at cized wh . But beſideſ, there are many thingſ to be obſcrued heercin , aſ firſt; that the Scorpionſ be aline, and that they bekilled inoyle/then, that theybeput in whole; with enery mem— ber, without mutilation, and that the Scotpionſappointed for thiſ confeGion beofthe ſtrongeſtpoyſon, and the time of their colle%ion to be when the Sutine iſ in Zev,and not in Scorpinſ , aſ ſome without reaſon have imagined:" t I i The oyle ſo made, iſ diſtinguiſhed into two kindeſ, one ſimple, and/ the other com— pound. The ſimple iſ made of a conucnient number of Scorpionſ, (aſ it were rwcntge hey re & 30 49 FO Of the Scorpivir. } } — . — , E they be great, and moe if they be little, and they becing put into a glaſſe veſſell , Oyle of | ISF \D3 (22) biztcr-Ahnonſſds muſt be poured vppon them, and o the veſicll ſtopped cloſe and ſerte in . the ſunne by mcctſpa;c of ct"ffl(f dzzycs,vand then ſtirred and vſed. Yet the women of Fer— rara vſe Oyle—oliue in ſteede of oyle of Bitter—almondſ, and alſo obſetue no quantitie of Bri/ſarol 5 oyle, but fill the pot full, and likewiſe no orderia the number of the Scorpionſ , putting / ! one to day, and another to morrow, and ſo more thenextweeke ofrmonth , aſ they can 5 find them. © winy iÞ % The compound—oyle iſ thuſ made, they take tound Aſtrologe, Cyprefſe , and Genti— an, the rooteſ of Capgrs, andvppon theſe they poureoyle of Bitter—almondſ , and ſoake E 10 the rooteſ in the oyle in the hot ſun for the ſpace of twentie dayeſ, then take they a com— } plete number of Scorpionſ, from betwixt tenne to fifteene, theſe they put againe to the oyle, and ſo ſtoppe vp the mouth againe,and ſer it the ſecond time in the ſin thirty dayeſ, and afterward ſtraine it and vſe it. Thiſ compound:oyle iſ not ſo much approued by Bra— E Janoluſ, aſ the former ſimple, becauſe thefirſt hath more Storpionſ, & the ſccond iſ tul. } fed or ſcaſoned with Spyceſ. InNC brig aminm a i The greene Scorpion which iſ bredde of Baſill;yhauing ſeaued knotſ in the tayle, bec— !, ing beaten and pounded with the herbe Scorpion, andfomade intopillſ,then dryed and Kivenider, put into a glaſſe, are very profitable to him that hath the Filling—ſicknefſe , if hee rakeof them three cuety morning faſting in temperate Wine;butchel@begeing ginen to a ſound 20 man, putteth him cleane out of hiſ witſ. Ifa man rakea yiilgat Scorpton and drowne the ſame in a porringer of oyle in the wane of the Moone, and there—Withall aftetward an. ghoynt the backe from the fhoulderſ to the byppeſ, and allo the headandfore head , with the typpeſ of the fingerſ and rocſ of one that iſ a damonlacke or a hinaticke perſon,, it iſ reported that he ſhall ecaſe and cure him in ſhbort time. And the like iſ reporced of the Scor— pionſ ſting ioyned with the toppe of Baſill wherein iſſeede, and with the hart of ASwal— low, allincluded in a peece of Hartſ—5kinhe. Be EESICHEFALE The oyle of Scorpionſ made of common Oylc—oline, iſ good forthe paine in the eareſ infuſed by diſtillation ; alſo it cureth a Plurcſie in thiſ manner. They take mcale out of 4 Windmill, and make thereof with water, paſte, or little cakeſ, in quantitie like a French—= } 36 crowne, theſe muſt be ſodde in a ftyirig:panne in oyle of Scotpionſ,and ſo applyed aſ hot Alexig aſ can be to the place wherethe pricking iſ, and ſo kept to the ſame very hor, and whien it beginneth to be cold, let new be applyed ſtill, nine timeſ togetherſ ſucceſſiuely one time after another. Scorpionſ bruſed in new ſweete Wine, doecure the Kingſ—cuill. The a— ſheſ of a Scorpion infuſed by'the yard into the bladder, breaketh and diſperſeth both the ſtone of the bladder and the reyneſ.And the like operation hath a vulgar Scorpion eaten, with vineger and Roſe—cakeſ applyed to the gowtie memberſ , it many timeſ eaſeth the inflaming paineſ thereof. ct t P CRVXPAT E The oyle of Scorpionſ iſ very auayleable in the time of plague, both by oyntfneritand allo in potion : where—withallone did affirme to Wolphinſ that heegayned a great ſuimme 6 of money, which he prepared in thiſ marner. He rooke a hundted Scorpionſ, and Zodd; them in the oldeſt Oyle—oliuehe could'gct, vntill ſuch time aſ the Sccſi\[*p!ons werecouſuc med, then did he ſtraine them thorough a linnen cloth; adcctiing vntoir an o_unſi'c'c"of Rucſ barbe, and ſo ſhutting it cloſe in a glaſle bottle, he _ſcc it fpruc day_es together in the ſux}nc, and afterward hee gane of it to be vſed in time of infection, aduiſing them that had it to apply it in oyptment to thepulſe, hart, binder—part of the head, neeke\and noſtrillſ: And if a man began to be ſicke; within twelug houreſ after the firſtſence of hfF paine , hcc_waſſs annoynted heere—with about the turnout) and then' waſ ltIa_unced. Thiſ oyntment iſ al— ſo commended againſt all manner of poyſom, not oncſi:lyſi of other S.erpq'pſi_]ts and venomouſ — beaſtſ, but alſo ofthe Scorpionit ſelfe. And thuſ m"C_h fpr the hlfipry of the Scorpion. 59 ſi T—IMI ITT TT E EE T TT ET EE E Galennſ, } E ENoNoan or T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. DF tHP—SCYTrALr.. o Hiſ Serpent called by the Grazcianſ Seyzale, iſ likewile termed by Jf the Latiniſtſ Seyrtaliſ, and by ſome Scicaliſ, Picaliſ, Sciſcetaliſ and Seyſeculuſ, and by Albertuſ, Situla , which we have already inter— } preted a Dyplaſ, but all of them are moſt manifeſtly corrupted from Scjtale, the firſt Grzecian word.. And therefore I will not | ſtand to confute them that call it alſo Ceciliſ, a blind—worme, be— 1\ cauſe (after the maner of other Serpentſ) it eateth no Fennell, but kn> 72 i T I} thiſ Czciliaor Blind—wormc , wee ſhall afterward demonſtrate to 26 be our Engliſh Slow—worme. Thiſ Scytall iſ vety full of markeſ or ſpotſ vppon the back, ſo variable and delectable, that it poſſeſſeth the beholderſ with admiration , and almoſt bringeththem aſlecpe looking thereon : for it iſ alſo ſlow and mooucth ſoftly, wherefore it cannot purſue where it would doc harme, inſteed therefore of celeritie, theſe natwrall ſpotſ.doe hold them that it doch deſirc to harme, like aſ they were ſtupifyed & aſtoniſhed. _Knd in thiſ brightneſ of the ſcaleſ, firſt of all it muſtlay afide the W inter—ſkinke, or elſe there appeareth not any ſplendour at all; And it iſ alſo ſaid to be o hot andfernide, that it caſteth ſkinne in the VV inter, according to thiſ ſaying of Lacaſ. Et Scytale ſpurſiſ etiam nunc ſolapruiniſ 30 Exuniaſ poſitur a ſwaſ. That iſ in Englith thuſ ; None but the Scytallwhile Winter—froftſ abide; Out of hiſ ſpotted Skinne and ſcaleſ doth glydeſ — The outward forme or viſible proportion of thiſ Serpent ; iſ like that which weehaue already called a Double—hcad, and the Latineſ Apphiſbena, except that the tayle heereof iſ flatter and thicker. The length of thiſ Serpent iſ like the longeſt wormeſ of thc_cartþ, and the thickneſ like a helue or handle of a ſpade. And the greateſt difference betwixt thiſ and the Double—head, iſ that thiſ goeth but one way, and the Double—head gocth aſwell 40 one way aſ another : and the colour hereof, iſ like the colour of the other. The generall deſcription of thiſ Serpent, iſ thuſ expreſſed by Micender : Bifrontiſimilem reperiſ Scytalam Amphiſbene, Pinguior eſt tamen, C& canda;, qua pulla fere exit, . CraſSior, vt quantum ſolita eit comprendere lignum; Curuamanuſ ſtriſtum quotieſ tenetipſaligonem. Tam prolixa, vaganſ pluuio quam reptile czlo, Quodfecundagenuſ ſua gignit viſcera telluſſ Nec poſtquam inneniſ venienti tempore veriſ, $9 Magna Deſim quandoprofert ſerpentia mater, Ligqnuerit obſeuram conſueta cubila petram, Et nitidoſ tepido ſub /ole extrinuerit artuſ, Pandentiſ ſefeniculi tencram exedit herbam, Sed per opaca moranſ imi declinia montiſ Setentt, Of the Sea—Serpentſ, 27 Se tenet, C multo graviter latet obruta ( ſomne, Eque alta ſwa congquirit ſibi pabulaterra : Nec licet id magno cupiat, {Eudeatqg, labore , Areſcente ſitim potiſ et depellere fance: Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; — The Scytalllike the Doublechead thoun 'ſhalt in feature find, Yet iſ it fatter , and tajle that hath no end much thickeriſ, . Aſ bigge aſ crooked hand iſ wonted for to wind — The haft and helue of digging—ſpade the carth that riftſ, 16 Aſlong it iſ aſ that thinne crawling worme which heanenſrajne Begetſ on fruitefull earth, when bowellſ warmely moyſtened are, And when the mother—Goddeſſe great ſendſ forth her creepine traine, Which iſ Yeereſ—zouth,freſhtime of Spring, both calme and fapre. Then leaueſ it off hiſ wonted bed in rocke obſcure, And in what ſunne he ſtretcheſ out hiſ limbeſ and ſinneweſ all, ey Eating the new ſprung—bladeſ of Eennell herbe, ſo putting teeth invre, — In holeſ of the declining hillſ (0 keepeſ both great and ſmall, Where time in deepe ſt ſleepe of buried nature it doth paſſe, And beeing hungry, the earthin toppe of hole it eateſ, 20 Quenching the thirſt by force of dryeſt chappeſ aſ graſſe, Though without payne , deſireleſſe it ſeekeſ theſe drinkeſ and meateſ, The byting of thiſ Serpent, iſ like the byting of the Double:head , and therefore the cure iſ in the ſame manner, wherefore I ſhall not neede to repeate the ſigneſ thereof , or the cure in thiſ place. And ſo I will conclude the ſtory of thiſ Serpent. OF THE SEASERPENT S. Mong the manifold kindſ of: Sea—ferpentſ,aſ well kuownc aſ | I| voknown, (wherofſome are like the Lamprey,ſomelike the )\| Myrmſ, and many other like the Serpentſ of the earth, except in their head, aſ Ayi%orle writeth , for that iſ more lxkgthc head ofa Conger then a ſerpent} it peculiarly hath one kind, in colour & forme not volike an Ecele,in length about thrce cubitſ,in thic gyllſ & finneſ reſembling a Conſigdr,buc it hgth alonger ſoour or beake, which iſ alſo fortified inwardly with S}] } very many ſmall ſharpe teeth, the eyeſ not ſo great, a ſmooth rat T H%, A!F or pield Skinne., and hanging oucr at the backe, having no ſcaleſ, ſo aſ it may caſily be fleyed. The belly ofit iſ betwixt rcdc_ic' and white, and all the body ouer iſ ſet with ſpireſ, fo aſ beeing aliue, it iſ not handled without danger. And thiſ iſ by Pliny called the Dragon of the Sea, which commeth out ofthe Seca into the Sandſ, and thercin with an admirable celerity anddexreritic maketh hiſ lodging place . Ictoſſr the ſnout thereofiſ ſharper then the Serpentſ ofthe earth;,thcrefore there—with it \dlggsm and hideth it ſelfe in the hole or hollow place which it kath made. Thiſ 1s-,aſſlſo called by P'lfrn] Ophidion, but I thinke it better to follow Ari#torle, who doth call it ophiſ thalattioſ, a Sca— ſerpent, the colour whereofiſ blacker or 'dymmcr thenthe Conger. bieima.iſ There bealſo Viperſ of the Sea, which are in ſhew little fiſhcs_,. abouc: a:fi it :)ſſ.z%, ra— 5® uing a little horne in their fore—hcad, the byting or ſting whereot iſ very cfg hy,[ſi-ſi Eilcſſ(ſilct}- fore when the Fiſhcr—men haue taken any one of theſe, they inſtantly cut oft t e uba 'azL — bury it in the ſand, but the body they cate forgood meate : yet theſe Serpentſ 9::: thoug} 1{: to be none other then the Eiſheſ called Ar{mei, or Spydcr—fiſhcs, ſauing th?;'t. cy fſſſſþ faid to haue a ſharpe ſting in their head, and thiſ a horne,for all Waarcr or Sea—Serpentſ,haue harder and lefſe headſ then the Serpentſ of thcA Laar;d. in __—— > \ \m ſi/ſi;======\ ) tt \ f 3 a A3 \| i/ſſ/ 7 \\ 4 QS —<___ 2 &> # v ( v**.ſh \ WY\\\_ J '\\\\\\\\_\ \\\\\\\—___ = .ct, SSTS I2 2t o V y 11 >D Io ZZ2Z27L 7 AP 27 2 22 2 < _'!l, U ; 2225 " errt — ; < — a S> | a & S=> J \8 t 4 8 <=> = 8 \—= ſi(_ſi_W\Y_?=—\ = ' There be alſo in the Swer/an—Ocean or Balthicke—(ea,Serpeniſ ot thirty or forty foote in to length, whoſe picture iſ thuſ deſcribed, aſ it waſ taken by Olamſ Magnuſ, and hee further writeth;that theſe doe neuer harme any man yntill they be proucoked. —— u—— Se v& \\E, Ba " ; Se RSSSTSN: Searolam Lmanill= ., The ſame Authour alſo expreſſeth likewiſe the figure of another Serpent,of a hundred and twenty foote long, appearing now and then ypon the coaſtſ of Norway, very dange. ;Fouſ and burtfull to the Sea—men in calmeſ and ſtill weather, for they lift vp themſelueſ a— boie the harcheſ, and ſuddainely catch a man in their moutheſ, and ſo draw him into the Sea out of the Shippe : and many timeſ they ouer—throw in the waterſ , a laden veſſell of grear quantitie, with all the wareſ therein contained. | And ſometimeſ alſo they ſerte vp ſuch a Spire aboue the water, that a boate or little Barke without ſayleſ may paſſe thorow the ſame, And thuſ much for the Sea—Serpentſ, OF THE SEPS —OR SEPEDON " SO—J) Lthough I am not ignorant that therebc ſome which make two ,,ctſſ W || kindeſ of theſe Serpentſ, becauſe of the two nameſ rehearſed in )|| the ricle, yet when they haue laboured to deſeribe them ſevcrally, they can bring nothing or verylittle wherein their ſtory dothnot agree, ſo aſ to make twaine of them, or to handle them aſunder, were but to take occaſion to tautologize , or to ſpeake one thing twiceſ Wherefore Geſmer wiſely pondering both partſ, and af— —— |ter him Carrommſ, deliuer their opinionſ, that both theſe nameſ 9 a doe thew but one Serpent, yet according to theyr manner , they expreſſe them aſ if they weretrwo. For all their writingſ doe but miniſter occaſion to the Readerſ to colle the ttruth our of theirlaboutſ, wherefore I will follow their opinion , and vot their example. Sepedon and Sepſ, commeth of Sepein, becauſe it rotteth the body that it byreth: in co— (lour it neerely reſembleth the Hx>morche, yet it vſually goeth by ſpyreſ and halfe—Hoopeſ of Of the Sepſ or Sepedon for which cabſe aſ it goeth, the quantitic cannot be well diſcerned » the pace ofit becing much p\wvxficr then thc.f_-]xmorrhe, The wound thatit giveth iſ ſmarting, enteting deepe and bringing putreſa&ion, for by an incxplicable celeritic, the poyſen paſſeth oucr all the body,thc hayre rotteth and falleth from all partſ, darkneſ and dimneſie iſ in the eyeſ, & ſpotſ vpon the body,, like aſ if a man had beene burned in the ſunne. And thiſ Serpent iſ thuſ deſcribed vnto vſ by Nicander: " 237 Iam qua Sepedoniſ ſpecieſ ſit , qualeque corpuſ Accipe : dinerſa traetum ratione figurat. &r Quin etiam mutile pullainſunt cornmnafronti, 2G 39 49 go Et color, hirſuti qualem eft ſpecare Fapetiſ, Grande caput, brewor dum currit, canda videtur : Quam tumen obliquo maiorem tramite ducit: . ' Duodfit ab hoc viluuſ, magnoſ nocuoſque doloreſ Exeitat, interimenſ quiafundit & ipſe venenum, Dno ſata marcenteſ tabeſ depaſcitur artuſ, Indeque ſiccata reſolutuſ pelle capilluſ Spargitur, & volitanſ candentiſ pappuſ achant@; Praterea fedum turpi vitiligine corpuſ, __ Et veluti vrentimaculaſ 4 [ole videre eit . Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; & } Sepedonſ ſhape now take, and what hiſ forme of body iſ; It dothnot goe aſ Hemorrhe doth, but trajleth dinerſly,» . Hiſ powled head of Hemorrhſhorneſ fullbappily doth miſſe, And colourſ are aſ meanifold aſ workſ of Tapeſtry : . Great iſ hiſ head, but runmning ſeemeſ the tajle but ſmall, Which winding, it in greater path draweſ after to andfro, But where it woundſ, by paineſ and tormentſ great it dothappall, Killing the wounded, infuſing poyſon ſo — Whereby conſumed are the leane and (lender ſineweſ, And dryed tkinne letſ hayre fall off apate, — Like aſ the windeſ drive whiteſ from top of thiſtle Carduſ; Beſideſ the body filth, aſ with ſunne parched, looſeth grace., T huſ doth Nimmltſſr deſcribe the Sepedon: now alſo we wil likewiſe relate that which another Poct ſaith of the Sepſ; that both compared together, may appeare but one;chere; fore thuſ writeth ZLac2#, vpon occaſion of one Sabel/yſ wounded by thiſ Serpent; Miſcrigqne in crure Sabellſ Sepſ ſtetit exigunſ, quemflexo dente tenacemſ Aunulſitque mann., piloque affixit areniſ. Parnamodod ſerpenſ, ſed quanon vila cruent e Tantum mortiſ habet : namplagaproxkima circum Fugit rapta cutiſ, pallentraijue offaretexit. Tamgue ſinu lax o nudum eil ſine corpore valnmſ : Menibranatant ſanie, ſur a fluxere, ſine vllo L Tegmine popleſ erat : femorum qua_quelmu_-ſculu: ommiſ Liquitur : or nigra diitillant inguina tabeſ Diſciluit ſtringenſ Orernimmembrana fluuntque Viſcera, nec quantum toto de corpore debet; Effuit in terr aſ ſexum ſedmembra venenum \ Decogquit : in minimum morſ contrahit omniavirkſ. Vincalanernorumſ& laterum_ttx_tum, canumdwe Pettuſ,cr abitruſum fibriſ vitalibuſ omne, Quicquid homoeſt , aperit peitiſ : natira, profunſ a 238 The. Hiftory of Serpentſ. © Morte patet : mimant humeri, forteſig, lacerti : Colla caput fluunt, calido non ocyuſ Auſtro Nix reſoluta cadit, nec ſolem cera ſequetur. Parua loquor , corpuſ [anic ftillaſſe peruſtum : Hoc & flamma poteit : ſed quiſ roguſ abſtulit offa, Heac quogue diſcedunt, putreſ7y, ſecut a mnedullaſ Nullamanere ſinunt rapidiveſtigiafati. Coyniphiaſ inter peſteſ tibi palma nocendi e%t : Eripiunt omneſ animam, tu [ola cadlauer . Mole brewiſ ſepſ, peſte ingenſ,nec viſcera ſolum, | Sed ſimul offa vor anſ tabificuſ Sepſ. 19 Which iſ to be engliſhed thuſ; On wretched Sabeliſ legge a little Sepſ hung faſt, Which with hiſ hand from held of teeth he pluckt away From wounded place, and on u pyle the Serpent all aga t He ſtakedin ſandſ, to him 6 wofullwretched day, To kill thiſ Serpent iſ but ſmall, yet none more power hath, Por efterwound fallſ off the ſkinne , and boneſ appeare full bare, Aſ in an open boſome, the hayt whole body gnaweth, Then all hiſ memberſ ſwamme in filth : corruption did prepare To make hiſ ſhankeſ fall off, vnconered were knec—boneſ, And enery muſcle of hiſ thigh reſolued, no more did hold, Hiſ ſecretſ blacke to looke wpon, diStilled all conſiwmptionſ, The rym of belly brake out fierce; which bowelſ did infold, Out fell hiſ gutſ on earth, and all that corpſContdine, The raging venom ſffill heating memberſ all, So death contracted all by little poyſonſ maine, Vnlooſing nerneſ, and teaking ſiteſ on ground to fall Thiſ plague the hollow breſt and enery vitallpart Abitruſedywhere the fibveſ keepe the life in vre Did open vnto death, The life, the lungſ, the hart : O death prophane, and enemy vnto nature. Out flow the ſhoulderſ great , and arme—blideſ ſtrong, Both necke and head guſh out in matter, all doth runne. No ſnow doth melt ſo ſoone the Southerne blait among, © > Norwaxe ſofait difſolue by heate of ſbyning ſunne. Theſe thingſ which now T ſpeake I doe account but —ſmall, That corpſ ſhoutd runne with filthy core, maycanſed be by flame, Yet boneſ are ſpared infireyhcere all away theyfall, Of them and marrow ſweete, fate letſ no ſigne remaine, Among the Cyniph plagueſ thiſ ſtill ſhallbeare the bell, The ſoule they take thiſ foule and carkaſſe both, The Sepſ; though ſhort it bejin force it iſ a hell, Denouring boneſ, the body all vndocth. $0 Thuſ you heare that more largely expreſſed by Zutzr of the Sepſ, which waſ more briefely touched by MWicander ofthe Sepedon, and all:tommeth to one end , that bothkill by purrefaction. The length ofthiſ Serpent iſ abouttwocubitſ, being thicke toward the head, but thinne and ſlender toward the tayleſ Thehead thereofiſ broad, and the mouth ſharpe, it iſ of many coloutſ, ſo. aſ ſome haue thought that it conld change colour like a Camezlion. The foure vndertceth are fiollow, and in them lyeththe poyſon , which are coucted ouer with a little ſkinne. tizkeſ t daiiuiuioun a50 Pauſapiaſ afirmcth thavhehimſelfe ſaw—one of them; and that ® ceyptuſ the ſonne of E— latuſ a King of Arcadia waſ ſlaineby bhe of theſe, They live in RockS, in hollow placeſ ofthe valleyſ,& vnder ſtoneſy@ theyfeareno winter,according to thiſ verſe of PilZoyim. Wi go rmmagapetonncv" Of the Slow—worme. . 23 biveot: ſi}{:ſiſſck}emistul'idm';ſiſiſi ratoaillatimet. Which may beengliſhed thuſ;; f-,gw ,ſſ"_m | W,ctct 1 nod t | yoo: »OfWinterſ coldithatbnofeare, \: } vo FEortyarine it iſ thromghowe the yeere 0 5 Firſtofallaſterthe wound dppeateth ſomeblood;, butthat ſymprom laſteth norJong, forby andby#followetk matrerſmelling very ſho?)?,ſiſiſwdlingzlmgz;.iir,'and la:ſigf:il\g?rigſſ. paine, and allthe partſ ofthebodyaffectedherewithbecome white, and when thehayte a fa}lccþ off; the patient ſildome liueth abouethree.or fouredayeſ after, »The crite hereofiiſ bychcſamemearicſthartht poyſon ofthe Viper/the Ammodyte and:Hornedderpentiſ cured withall.And particulerly Acr/ipſ proſcribeth a ſpiige wet in warmevineger tobeap= . plyed.to the! wornd, or elfe tolay theaſhcſ of chaffe withthe:carclpvppon whichthcey are /** burfied; to theplace, and toannoyfit itwithbuterand hony,orelſe lay vnto ir Millet & Hony, likewiſe Bay—ſprigſ; Oximell; Purſlaineſ and intheir dietſalt fiſh ghom »auiriftetlewritcth of a lindle Serpentwhich by ſome iſ called a facred.or holy Serpent» — andheſitlythatallocher Serpentſ doc auoyde it, and flyc from it, becauſe whatſoeuer iſ byircnby it; preſently rottcth; It iſ inlength (aſ heſaith) a cubit; and iriſroughalloucr, and therefore I take thiſ Serpent to be a kind of Sepedon. Alſo Ari@oxermſſaith;thathe go, khew a man by touching thiſ Serperit to dye, and afterward that the garment whichhee "__ wore at the time of the touching the Serpent, did likewiſe ror away; And thuſ much for the Sepſ and Sepedon. . TT I OF THE SEOVVYVORME. 39 e0dui>ztnd Hiſ Serpent waſ called in auncient rime among the Grecianſ t || Tyrhlopſ and Typhlineſ, and Cophta, becauſe of the dimneſ ofthe H\V)\| fight thereof and the deafeneſ of the eareſ and hearing, & vul— ESTN || garly at thiſ day it iſ called in Greece TepB/ozz, Tefliti, & Tephii— £{od| n:, and from hence the Latineſ hauc'raken their word , Cecilid ANRQ| quaſt cacuſ ſerpenſ, a blind erpent; Sc it iallo called Ceralſ, Ce— DÞy{| cula, and Cericl/a, aſ wimefleth Adlbertwſ, becauſe the eyeſ there— PNE ofare none at all, or very fmall. The Icalianſ callit, 3#/@ orbala, and the Florentineſ Luc/gnole, the Germanſ Blyndepſthlycher, the Heluetianſ Exvieuk, aÞ arnoilſx, and the people of Natbon Nadelſ. ier E o It becing moſt cuident that it receineth name from the blindmeſ and deafeneſ thereof, go for Thateoften prooucd, that it neither heareth not ſeeth here in Encland, or arthe moſt it eeth So berter then a Mole. The tecth ate faſtned in the monthy like the teeth of a Ca— mzlion, the »kinne iſ very thicke, and therefore when' the ſkiniſ broken by a hard blow, the whole body dothalſo breake and part aſunder. The colout iſ 4 paleblew , or Sky—co— Jour, with fome blackiſhſpotſ, intermixed at the ſideſ. Th_cre iſ ſome qmſhgn wfȝcchctcr it hath one or two rymeſ on the belly, for ſeeing: they conceinetheyr young oneſ in :ÞE)Z £ .," wo > Scaliger Ofwaldwue Tlae Hiſtory of Serpentſ. — wombe: they haue ſuch a belly by nature, aſ may be diſtended and ſtretched out accore dingly aſ the young oneſ growe@in their wombe _I: hatha ſmooch ſkinne withour a ſcaleſ: The neather eyc—lidde coucreth all the eycit hath, whighiſ very ſmall "abou; the head they are more light colouted, thewabouttheother parteſ of the body : The tongue iſ cloucn, and the roppe thereof very blacke } »They are inlengrhabout a ſpanne, and aſ thicke aſ a manſ finget, except toward the tayle which iſ more ſlender , and the Femalſ iſmoreblacked then the Male.(The pafſageorplace of cxcrementſ or conceptioniſtranſ. nerſe} Ekftheybe killed with theyoungin their bellyſ thelitie oneſwill inſtantly creepg out atithcindammeſmouth, andbſome:—timeſ (dſwitneſſethÞe/lonime) in thiſllitteſer the are found fortylittle young oneſ. They—are inGreeee dndEngland;and comeinotabroad a tillTuly; and they gocinto the earth in Auguſt, and ſo abideabtoad all harucſtyand they , louccohidethemielueſ.in Corne—fieldeſ voderthe typecornewheniv iſ cit. ctdo\_'zvnc. Itiſ * harmeleſſexceptbeing provoked; yetmany timdſ. when an Oxc or a Cow liethdowne inchelpaſture, ifircliatuncotolyevppononcoftheſe Slow—wornieſ; it bytech thebeaſt: 8 if remedy be not Batl/there followcrhmortalit'icfqi dcath,_fo! the poyſon thereof iſ very ſtrongſ Afitſwell, itiſgoodto.prickethe placowith a brazen bodkin;and then applyvn= to ivFullerſ—earthand Vineger. There iſ a Triaclemade.of the Slow—Worme,whichſmcl. lerhdike:dgua—vita, with thiſ ſome menare cured ofthc plagteſ—And thuſ much of thiſ! lietleSerpentſ 3 £& nohoqg=23o burad £ : o4 ESt0l01 & "*OF—THE —SNAKE; diaaviow Here iſ no reaſonable Learned—man that maketh queſtion, that Anguiſ in Latine iſa gencrallword for albkind of Snakeſ and Ser. pentſ;and therefore when Virgillwriteth of the Fury Med#a, how ſhe caſt a Snake into the boſome of Amata, he firſt of all calleth it Anguiſ , a Snake, and preſently after Colyber & Viperſ,a Serpent, aſappcarethby theſe verſeſ ofhiſ following. Encid. 7. Huic dea cernleiſ vnum de crinibuſ AnGuem Confſcit, ing, ſtpwm preceriia ad intingg 1 ſubdiſ : Vipereanſ inſþiranſ animam, fit tortile colle — Aurum ingenſ Coluber : W hich may be engliſhed thuſ ; Tober the Goddeſſe a Snake made of the Gergonſ haire, Which to the bottom of her breaſt and entrallſ made to ſlyde; Inſpyring to her a Viperſ ſoule thow iGh ſhe were fayre , For chayne of gold an Adder bout her necke did glrde. 30 And thiſ iſ the leſſe to be admired or doubtedſeeing the yery word Angauiſ ſeemeth to bederiued of Argulo/ſaſ, winding or turning, for cnery kind of. Serpentmay be folded or winded vp together almoſt in cuery fathion. Yet ſome—timeſ, aſ the Greecianſ vſe Qſhzs for one kind, aſ Hemorrhe.or Hor for Aſpc, ſo alſo iſ the word Anguiſ vied forone kinde, which we call a Snake, that iſ, a little Serpent liuing, both in the water and on thecarth, Howbeit, aſ we ſhall ſhew. afterward; when it iſ inthe water it iſ called Zydrmſ & natrix, and when it1ſ on the land; it iſ called Cherſſdrm. . | NeSſ ſ E Among the auncient Paganſ, Snakeſ were accounted the Godſ of the W oodſ , and thiſ cauſed Pex/ewſ to write thiſ verſe following ;— . ſ 29 n > | + Hiinge duoſ angueſ, pueri ſacer et locuſ. Thatiſ, 5 ye children, draw the figure of two Snakeſ,for thiſ place, (mcaningthe grouc — of vvood) iſ a holy place, and facred to the Godſ. And inlike ſort, the Snakein auncient 5 time waſ ſacred to At/c'ulipim, becauſe it waſ thought to be without venome, & to con— taine in it many excellent medicineſ or remedieſ ag2inſt other euillſ; and alſo a kinde of divine power or helpe to drive away calamitieſ , whercof I remember that I haue read thiſ ſtory in Paleyinſ Maximmſ, 49 Rome Of the Snm{e. \ Rome (ſaith he) our Citty waſ for three yeereſ togethercontinually vexed with peſti— lence, ſo aſ neither themercy of God could be obtained for the releaſe of thiſ cuill.nor all wit, power, or induſtty of man prit an end ynto it. At laſt by the care and trauayle of the Pricſteſ, it waſ found in the writing and Bookeſ of, Sybillthat voleſſe they could obtaine of the Epidawzrianſ the Holy—Snake of Z/enlapinſ, there ſhould bec no end of that peſti— V lence. v For which cauſe thete were Ambaſſadorſ ſent to the Citty of Epidauruſ , to entreat at the handſ ofthe Citcizenſ and Prieſtſ, that holy beaſtor Snake (aſ waſ prophanely ſup— ; poſed)and they atrayned the end of their iourney, for the Epidaurianſ did kindly entreat — xo them, and ſent with the Snake of. Wſculapinſ ,and then Sſai\h he: )Tam promptam Epidan— _ riorumindalgentiam numemipſiuſ dei, ſubſecutum, werba mortalium caliſti ebſequio com— probauit : That iſ, The very grace & power of God ſeconded that fauourable indulgence ofthe Epidaurianſ,and with an heauenly obſequiouſneſ allowed & performed the wordſ } and writingſ of mortallcreatureſ, (meaning the S#bi/ſ writingſ aforeſaid. For that Snake ___ (which ghe Epidanrianſ never ſee but they worſhip, with aſ greatrenereuce aſ they would | fEſculapiuſ himſelfe ;for innever appeareth but for their excecding great good and com— , ___ modity) begannc to ſlyde about the broadeſt ſtreeteſ and nobleſt part of the Citty, gent= ly looking vppor cuery body, and licking the earth,; and ſo continued three dayeſ,to the religiouſ admiration of al the Bcholderſ,bcaring an vndoubted aped & alacrity for the _ 20 obtaining and aſpiring a more beautifull habitation : ſo atlaſtit came to the Iſle neere— Rome, called 77/emiſ, whereinto in the ſight of all the Marrinerſ it did aſcend and en—= ter, and lodged it ſelfe round in that place, where ſtandeth the houſe of LQuinruſ Oguli— maſ | Which ſtory iſ thuſ moſt excellently followed by Ouid inhiſ Mefameorphoſ: ' The folke of Rome catac hither all by heapeſ, both men and wineſ, And eke the Nunſ that keepe the fire of veſta aſ their lineſ Tomeete the God, and weltome him with toyfull noyſe : and aſ The galley rowed vp the ſireame, great ſtore of incenſewaſ | On altarſ burnt on both the bankſ, ſ that on either ſide, — 30 The fuming of the Erankinſence, the very ayre did hide, } And alſo ſlaine in ſacrifice fullmany cattelidyed. Anon be came to Rome, the head of all the world : and there The Serpent liſting vp himſelfe began hiſ head to beare Right vp along the maſt, vpon the top whereof on bye, He looked round about a meete abiding place to ſþye : The Tyber doth dewide it ſeife in twaine, and dothi embrace A little Ie Triremiſ ,for ſo the people tearme the place, From either ſide whereof, the bankſ are diſtant eqmall ſpace : — Apollaſ Snake deſcending from the maſt, conuayed him thither, 4 And taking of hiſ heanenly ſhape, aſ one repayring hither, — To bring our Citty healthfulneſſe, did end our forroweſ quite. E * Thuſ aith Owid : But the truth iſ, that the Poet did butfayne thiſ thing for the excitati— on and ſtirring vp of the mindſ of men to religion and religiouſ worſhip of theHeathen Godſ ; and therefore thiſ Snake of Epidaurm waſ but a fiction , and therefore in the be— ginning of the Hiſtory he maketh it to bee A/ew/apieſ in the likeneſſe of a Snake, for in a vifion he ſheweth how that E ſcul?im appeared to the Roman Aimbaſſador, and tolde him that he would appeare in thatforme, ſaying ; 50 Pone metuſ, veniam, /imutac/zrct G, noſtram relinguam;, Hunſ modo ſerpentem, baculumd, neribuſ ambit, Perſpice & v/i, notaviſum ut cognoſceri poſſiſ, Vertar in hunc, ſed maior ero, tantuſct./zct: videbor ſ In quantum verti oaleſtia corpor a poſſunt, B b Which 242 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ, Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; Aſ teltefw InO Feavre not, for Iwillcome and leane my ſhryne\ Thiſ Serpent which doth wrearhwith knotſ about thiſ ſtaffe of mine, Marke well and take good heede thereof, for intoit tranſformed will The, But bigge to Imill be,for 1 will ſeeme of ſuch a ſize; Aſwher ein nany celeſtiall bodyeſ turne ſuffize. ButallPoetſ are ſo adided tofayning; thar I' my ſelfe may alſo ſeeme while Timitate them, toſetdowne fableſ for truth : and if euer there were ſuch a Sthake aſ thiſ, it waſ di. abolicallyand therefore'innature nothing to be concluded from #t , and in that place of Rome calledBizemiſ and Tiremiſ, wſiasflcfiulapim worſhipped y And at thiſ day in the ſ Gardenſ called S. 24rtholoweweſ—Gardenſ, there iſ a Marble—ſhyppec ; on the ſide whercoſ iſ the figurde of a creeping Snake, for thememory of thiſ fa&, aſ wrytech Gyralduſ, | But incheEmblemſ and documentſof the auncient Heathen, it iſ certaine tha; Acſin. ' lapinſ; and the Snakeand the Dragon,did ſignifie health,and from hence it camc to haue thenameofthe Holy—Snake, and allo to beaccounted full ofmedicine. The trueoccaſi. on in nature, waſ for that about the countrieſ of Be#owid and Padya , they hauea Snake which they call Biſ/e, and Biſſe—angue ſanca , andaboiur Padna, A#t?2a , which they ſay iſ harmeleſſe. And aſ well children aſ men; doe often rake vp the ſame into theyr handeſ, withnomore feare and dread then'they would doe aconny, or any other tame & meeke 20 creature. f Bytherelation of Pe/Zizyſ, it iſ in length fine ſpþanneſ and fine fn gerſ , the head alſo compared with the body, iſ long, and in the necke thereof . are two blancheſ, and betwixt them a hollow place, the backe part whereof iſ attenuated into a thinne and ſharpe tayle, and vppon eyther chappethey haue many teeth, which are ſharpe , and without poyſon, for when they byte, they doe nomore harme then fetch blood onely, and theſey men for oftentation ſake weare about their neckſ; and ®Wwomen are much terrified by them in the handſ of wanton young boyeſ The backeof thiſ Snake,(aſ writeth Eraftuſ) iſ blackiſh, and the other partſ greene; like vnto Leckeſ, yetmixed withſome whiteneſſe for by rea— ſon it feedeth vppon hetbſ,;itbeareth that colour. They are alſo carricd in menſ boſomſ, 30 and with them they will make knotſ. For the ſame Era//wſ affirmeth, that he ſawe a Fryer knit one of them vp together like a parter , but when hee pulled it harder then the Snake could beare, it turned thehcad about & bytre him by the hand, ſo aſ the blood followed, yet there came no more harme, for it waſ cured withour any medicine , and therefore iſ not venomouſ. In the mountaine of Mautitania called Ziz, the Snakeſ are fo familiar with men, that Lto Afric: — they waite vponthematdinner—timelike catſ and little doggeſ, and they neuer offer any harme to any liuing thing, except they be firſt of all proucked. Among the Bygergaſ in. habyting the Pyreneſ, there be Snakeſ 4. foote long, and aſ thicke aſ a manſ arme, which likewiſe liue continually in the houſeſ, and not onely come peaceably to their tableſ, but alſo ſleepe in their bedſ without any harme,;in the night—time they hiſſe, but ſildom in the day time, and picke vp the crummeſ which fall from their tableſ. Among the Northerne people they hane houſchold—Snakeſ, aſ it were houſhold—godſ, and they ſuffer them bothto cate and toplay with theit Infantſ, lodging them in the cra— dieſ with them, aſ if they were faythfull Keeperſ about them, and it they harme any body arany time, they account it Pigpz piacelum, a very divine and happy miſchaunce. But af. ter they had receiued the Chriſtian—fayth,they put away all theſe ſuperſtitionſ,and did no more foſter the Serpentſ broode, in deteſtation of the deuill , who beguiled our firſt P& renotſ in the ſimilitude of a Serpent. Yetifit happen at any time that a houſe be burned, all the Snakeſ hide themſelueſ in their holeſ in the carth » and there in ſhort ſpace they ſo epcreaſe, that when the peoplecometo reedific, they can very hardly diſplant their num— 5 8 ber. Plaxtuſ in hiſ Ampbitryo, makethmention of| two—maned—Snakeſ, which deſcended from the clowdeſ in a ſhower ; but thiſ opinion grew from the fiGion of the Epidaurian— Snake, which oncly by the Poctſ iſ deſcribed with a mane and a combe , and therefore J — willnot exprefſe the Snake to haue a mane. leriz.ſſ.ſſt: Olawſ. — There Of the Smz_ſſke. There iſ no cauſe why we ſhould thinke all Snakeſ to be withorr poyſon, fok the Poet hath not warned vſ in vaine, where he ſaith 3 i t Frigiduſ;d pucrefagite hinclatet Ancuiſ ſub herba : Which may be engliſiſhcd thusſi% N9% e e Fly henceyou boyeſ aſ farre aſ ofeete can beare, Vinder thiſ herbe a Snake full cold doth leare; For thiſ cauſe we will leaue the diſcourſe ofte harmeleſſe Stiake, and come to thoſe which are no way inferiour to any ocher Serpent; their quantitie and ſpirit beeing conſi— ro dered, wherefore we are to conſider, that of Snakeſ whichare veromouſ and hurefull, thereare two kindſ; one called the Water—Snake,; the otherthe Land—Snake: The Wa— ter—Snake iſ called in Greeke, ZIydzra, hydyaſ, bydraleſ, katouroſ, S EHhydriſ, in Latine Nu— trix,and Lutrix. Muniter callethitin Hebrew, z epha, and Autcen relateth certaine barbe— rouſ nameſ of it, aſ Handrinſ, Andrinſ, and Abideſ, and Redaſudernſ , Echydruſand Aſpi. fichon. The Germanſ call it Nater,Waſfer—nateryand Wa (ſer—ſchlange : and they deſcribeit in the manner aſ it iſ found in their Country,which doth nov very farre differ from them of our Countty heere inEngland. It iſ (aſ they ſay) in thickneſ like the armeofa man or child, the bellic thereof yellow; and ofa goldencolour; and the backe blackiſhegreene, & the very breach of it iſ ſo venomouſ, that if a man hold to it a rodde newly cutte off from 20 the Tree,it will ſo infeQ& it; that vppon it ſhall appeare certaine litrle baggeſ of gall or poy— ſon. And the like effeedt it worketh vppon a bright naked ſword, if it doe but touch itwith the tongue ; for the poyſon runneth from one end to the other , aſ ifit were quicke , and * leaueth behind a lyne or ſcorched path, aſ if it had beene burned in the fire. And if thiſ Serpent fortune to byte a maniin the foote, then iſ the poyſon preſently di> ſperſed all ouer the body, for it hatkha fiery qualitie, and therfore it continually aſcendeth, but when once it commeth to the hart, the man falleth downe and dyeth: Andtherefore the mceteſt cure iſ to hang the party ſo wounded vppe by the heeleſ , or elſe ſpeedilie to cut offthe member that iſ bitten; And that which iſ heere ſaid of the vvater—Snake, dotk alſo aſ properly belongto:the Land—ſmake, ſecing there iſ no difference betwixt theſe,but o thatat certaine timeſ of the yeere they forſake the water when itdraweth orfallech lowe;, and ſo betake themſelueſ to the Land. 3 —A T hey live in the water and in the earth,(but they lay their eggeſ on the landiin hedgeſ, or in dunghillſ) and eſpecially in thoſe waterſ which are moſt corrapr;aſ ih pooleſ wherg there iſ ſtore of Frogſ, Leacheſ & Newteſ, and but few fiſheſ,; aſ in the Lakeſ about P#4 teoli and Napleſ, and in England all oucr the Fennmeſ, aſ in Remw/@), HollandyEly, and other ſuch like placeſ, and when they ſwymme they beare their breaſtaboue the water, They a> bound alſo in Corcyr4, and about Tazaciaa in Italy; and in theLake Nyc/ea; and eſpccially: in Calabria, aſ the Poet wiitethſ : & ( b&QOL ' 40 ES etiamillamaluſ Calabriſ in ſaltibuſ Anguiſ, a Hſ t Squammenaconuoluenſ ſublatopelTore terga Atgque notiſlongam macaleſuſ grandibuſ aliitim, — Qui dunk amemneſ vlirumpunitur fontibuſ\&r> dum""" Vere madent vdo terr a ac plunialibuſ auſtriſ Stagna colit, ripiſiue habitanſ hiſ piſcibuſ atram Inprobuſinglunienſ raniſque loquacibuſ ex}?le_t tholt Poſtquamrexhanſtapalmſ terr aque ardore dehi/ ewttt, Exilitinſicoum & flanimantia luminatorquenſ ©VD E Sauit agriſ, a/ffigrque ſiti, arque exter?itnſ eſti, ich may be thuſ engliſhed ; rurdſ 5 \encſ That cu!ſſ;/g Saake in the Calabrian conſtſ abideſ, Rowling hiſ ſealy backe by holding vpthe breft, 5 Andwith great ſpotſopon large belly glydeſ, Pt iſ When aſ the Rinerſ ſireameſ in fountaineſ all are ceaſf, — C For whileſ the moyſtened ſhgrgg with raine from Southwind fa//s,j a re a ! 243 244 The Hiſtoxy of Serpentſ., —+ Iſ hauntſ the pooleſ, andin the water all blacke it feedeſ, In ranenink wiſe both fiſh and frogſ doe fill hiſ gail : For why, when Sommerſ drought enforce, then muit it needeſ Fly to dry Land, rowling hiſ flaming eye, Rage in the fieldſ to.quench hiſ thir ſt full dry. There be ſome Wiriterſ that affirme, that there iſ a certaine ſtone in a W ater—Snakeſ head, whichit caſteth'or vomiteth vp when the ſkintie thereof iſ fleyed from the bodic, and afterit iſ ſo .caſt vp,itmuſt be receined—into a peece of ſilke ; the verrue whereofiſ to be prooued after thiſ mannerſ Fill a brafſecaldron or kertle full of water , and about the iſ ſame veſſell ſoffilled, bindeithiſ ſtone faſt, aſ it were to the handle or bayle therof,and you ſhall find that euery day thiſ ſtone ſo remaineth bound to the kettte,that the water wil de— creaſe ecyghteenc ounceſ.. And thiſ Kiranideſ affirmeth \h;{t hee bound to a woman that had he Dropſic, and ſhe waſ thercby delivieredfrom her _dlſi:aſc gfor.encery day he found that her belly did fall the quantitie of foure fingerſ, vniill it came rothe nacurall bigneſſe, and then he tooke it off, for he ſaich thatifhehadnot then taken it off, it wouldallo hane drycdyp thenatiue humidity. & & —» Inlikeſort, the vertuciofthiſ ſtone iſ applyed againſt therhumein'the leggeſ ,or any fluxe ofthe eycſ, careſ or head, butthe vſieof it muſtnor exceede the quantirie of three houreſ ata time. Italſo drineth out of the body all venomouſ wormeſ, and iſ a ſpecialre— 20 medy againſt theirbyting and ſtinging. T hiſ ſtone iſ alſo called Seypertinuſ and Drace— Aiteſ, but itiſ queſtionable whether it be gencrated in the head of the Snake , or by theyr vapourouſ breath, concutring rogether in the Spring or Winter—ſcaſon . Some of theſe ſtoneſ are ſaydto be ofa blewiſh—greene colour;and the forme thereof pyramidall Alber— tuſ ſaith, he hiach ſeene one of them that waſ blacke, and not lightſome, ongly about the edgeſ of itthere waſ ſome palencſie apparant, and in the ſuperficieſ or vpper part therof, there waſ (aſ he writeth) a beautifull pi&Aure of a Snakeſ proportionand thevertue ther— ofdid puttoflight venomouſ beaſtſ, and alſo cure theyr harmefull poyſonſ. 31 Such like thingſ we—hauie already ſhewed to be in the ſtone whichithe Toadeiſ ſiidto hane, bur thiſ ſtone iſ more likely to be the: Ophiteſ , for in the Caftle of Taxg/@, once the 36 ſeate or habitation of Charleſ the fourth , there iſ a Chappell wherein are mary preciouſ ſtoneſ ,) wioughvin the vvallſ and dooregſ , and among dinverſ othertheſt Ophizeſ . Bu where aſ there iſ apyramidall forme atiributed to theſeſtoneſ, Prake it therefore that it iſ thaſame which 2//ny calleth G/oſſaperra, for in ſhew it reſembivth the; tongueof a Snake, and the tongue of a Snak® becing greator broade at the roote;—and—ſmallertoward the end or typpethercof, iſ rightly ſaid to be of a pyramidallformc randamong the Germarſ iviſ called by.a peculiar word, Nazer=apgen, that iſ, Suakeſ—rodgucſ 5 And ſuch a kind of ſtone aſ thiſ Snakeſ—tongue , (aſ Agr/colaand—fome other Authorſ vvriteth) iſ found in a certaine earth neere Linwbuzgh in Saxonie. And Conraduſ Geſner affirmeth, that thereiiſ a certaine Towne in Getrmaniie called @ewipow , where there iſ one 49 of theſe ſtoneſ halfe a cubitelong, and therefore itſeemeth thaethey are not all generated in Serpentſ or Snakeſ headſ.. Among the French—men thiſ ſtonc iſ called Sugnre, becauſe there be Serpentſ ſceneijnir twyning thcir tayleſ together , vor folding them one withia ano[h@lct. bithſ at #AHTRRCS IT There vvaſ wont to beaſuperſtitiouſ way to extradbor expreſſe thiſ ſtonc fromout of the Snake, which waſ done in thiſ manner.; Firſt, when they had raken the Snake alive, they did preſently hang her vppe by the tayle / then iuſt vndermeath her they did make a ſufumigation of Lawell; and (o did coniurethe Snakeſſayingſ Pey Dominum gquite rrea— #it , lapidem tuum qyem in capite teneſ te inſtanter eijcereiubeo : T hiſ kind of enchaunting Chatme, I hold not worthy to be tranſlated, andyetletmeenot beblamedfor the relati— ? on of it, ſceing it iſ pertinent to thiſ ſtoryto know allthegoodand cuill about theſe Ser— & pentſ. And therefore, not to expreſſe theſame at all, might argue in mee , eyther ignd— raunce, or ſilly preciſeneſſe : and againe on the other fide, to make it vulgar, mightbring mee into ſuſpition of ſome approbation :: thereforcletthe Reader know it from mee, but vnaderſtand it from ſome other. E i1; y 5 & And Oſ the Sna/{e. 245 And for mine owne opinion, I account no better oftheſe Snake:ſtoneſ then L dde of the Toade—ſtoneſ, concerning which Thaue already ginen my opinion in another place. And therefore what heere iſ related of thiſ ſtorne; let it be examined ; and then be eyther receiued or refuſed. Many, and almoſt infinite are the Epithetſ which are given to Snakeſ, whereby theit nature iſ expreſſed, aſ Aliger angniſ, the winged—ſnake, blacke,fierce, blew, greedy, wild, cold,Gorgo'nſſc:m, wreathen, ſlyding, deadly , lightlome, ſported, martiall , threarning, Puſirplc, whgl(ome, ſcaly, terrible, winding, grym, ſwelling, featefull; venomouſ, greene; mtolcſi!cd or implicite; horrible, hiſſing; marſian, maurian, peſtilent, retorted, and ſuch o— 16 ther like, aſ it hath pleaſed the ſeucrall Authourſ writing heereof to aſcribe and attribure ynto it. Which we will not proſecute with any.explication, but onely leaue them to the Readerſ pleaſure, becing onely content to nominatethem. There iſ great account or reckoning made of their eggeſ, which they lay in the Somſ mer—time, for firſt of all they are ſo glewed and conioyned together, partly with the ſpet— tle and moyſtneſ which proceedeth from their moutheſ, and partly with the ſpume and froath of their owne body, that a man ſeeing their heapeſ, would indge them to be cou— pled rogether by ſome attificiall deuiſe. Theſe eggeſ thuſ knotted together in buntheſ; the Latineſ call Abguizpum. The Druideſ or auncient W iſardſ of England and Scotland, haue delinered, thatifthe Snake hyſſe, theſe will of theit owne actord flye vppe into the 20 ayre,and then if ſome W'iſe—mantake them by preuention,before they touch the ground againe, the Snakeſ will follow himaſ faſt aſ any hor(e,vnitill he come to ſome Riner,into the which they dare not enter; And the folly of theſe alſo procecded ſo far, that they were notaſhamed to report, thiat if one of theſe axguizeſ or buncheſ ofeggeſ, were tyed to a peece of gold, it would fwynſ in a River againſt the ſtreame.. Theſe they comended vnro Princeſ and grcat men to cat— ry about with rlein in the time of warreſ and other contentionſ,and that therefore when aRomaneKnight of Valent/ , waſ found by Clawdruſ to catry one of theſe about him, hce waſ by the Emperoutſ.commaundement put to death, But to leaue vanitieſ, we will proſecute the truc and naturall deſcription of their eggeſ o in thiſ manner. They are round and ſoft, in colour white, cleauing (aſ we hane alreadie ſaid) rogether in great buncheſ, forty, or fiftie,or a hundted in acluſter, without,they are coucted with a 5kinne or cruſt, much harder & whiter then the ſubſtance contained wiche ſ in it; which iſ like matter, or the roſten eggeſ of a Henne or Ducke, in quantitic aſ bigge aſ Bulliſ, Plummeſ, and ſildome bigger, becing moſt commonly very round and orbicu— lar. Yet Ge/wer reporteth, that he had oneſent him ofthe proportion of a Lentill, and aſ great aſ the fiſt of a man,& within enery egge appeare certaine ſmalthingſ; like the raileſ of Serpentſ, or Leacheſ, becing in number tenne, fine greater and fiue ſmallet , one fol— ded or Japped within another . And theſe haue alſo little puſtuleſ vppon the ſkinne or ctuſtſ, whereof one doth not touch the other. 72 thiw valg bet go . Out oftheſe eggeſ come the young oneſ, but Icannot nffirmc whatgreatafeGion the old oneſ beare vato them, or that when many Snakeſ lay their eggeſ together, cuery one in that moltitude hath Skill to diſcerne her owne eggeſfrom the other. For—Ehaue beene with other my colleagueſ or Schoole—felloweſ when I waſ young , atthe deſtruction of many thouſandſ of them, and neuer perceiued thacſ_ſſhc old Snake did with any extraor< dinary affection fight for their eggeſ, but rathet forſooke them ,and ſuffered vſ to do with them what we pleaſed : which fome—timeſ we brake, ſomerimeſ ſcartered/abroade vpon the dunghill out of which wee digged them, and.{ome—timeſ:wee caſt them into the next River we came at, but neuer ſaw any ofthemaxevolleged againe to their former place by the Snakeſ, although the place were very fullof them, and therefore I conclude for mine 50 owne expetignce, that Snakeſ cannotbe perctined to beare anpexceeding lonue in nature o their eggeſ or young oneſ. | & E Thf*Y? g;djnaZy foodc for themoſt patt; iſ carth; froggeſ, vrormeſ ,Toſiadcs,_and eſpe— ciallic Paddockſ, or crooke—backed Froggeſ; Newteſ, and fxnall fiſheſ. The Foxeſ and Snakeſ which are about theRiner N#wſ are at continuallyariance, and befideſ,the Hartſ te by patut emicſ to all Serpentſ, } gxzbyngtgy;:{:cgmmqx} encl } Serp ( * They Se eiomancaiie: T DoGtor Bon— hamſ diſcourſe þ/{ of Spyderſ, T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ, They are not in venom inferiour to other Serpentſ, for they infee the waterſ neeke to houſeſ, and ate many timeſ the cauſeſ of diſcaſeſ and death, whereofthe Phiſitianſ can. not diſcerne. When they bite or ſting , there followeth extreame paine, inflamation, greeneneſ or blackneſ of the wound, dizzineſ in the head, and death within three dayeſ, Wherecof dyed phylocteteſ, Generallofthe Flcete of Greece , in Lemnoſ, Deadaluſ & M,. walippuſ. '{?hc cure of thiſ euill muſt be by Origan ſtamped and layd to the ſore with lye & oyle, or aſheſ of the roote of an Oake with pitch, or Barly—meale mixed with honny and water and ſod at the fire. And indrinke take wilde Noſewort, Daffadill—flowerſ , and Fennell, ſcede in Wine. And it iſ alſo ſaid, that a man carrying about him the Liner of a Snake, ſhall neuer be bytten by auy of that kinde. And thiſ Liner iſ alſo preſcribed againſtthe ** ſtone in the bladdet, becing drunke in ſtrong drinke. And thuſ muchfor thiſ Serpent. & Of Spyderſ and their ſcuerall ſortſ : | H I S kinde of venomouſ creature, of the Latineſ iſ cal— led Arnapenſ,or Aramea, & of Cicero in hiſ bookeſ De na— tura Deorum, Arancola, and Aranceluſ. Of the Grzecianſ, Arachneſ or Arachne. Heſichinſ termeth it Stibe T he He— breweſ name it Acobitba, Achar, Acabith, and Semamith, The Arabianſ, S#btþ, & Phihib. In the Germaine tongue, Spinn, and Banker. In Engliſh, Attercop ,Spyder, and Spyn. wer. Of theBrabanderſ, Spipze. In Fraunce , Araigne, In Italy, Ragno,and RagnaXn Spayne, Aranaor Tarannſ, Of 4 the Illyrianſ it iſ called Spewanck. Ofthe Polonianſ, p4— \ i jak, and Pajeczine. Of the Hungarianſ, Pox. Ofthe Bar. barianſ, Koapan, & Kerſenat. Iſidere in hiſ twelfth booke ſaith, that the Spyder iſ termed Araneuſ,becanſe ſhe iſ both bred and fedde in the ayre : but heerein hee hath fallen into a a» & we .> , double errour. For if they liued onely in the ayre, and by the ayre, aſ hee would ſeeme to enforce, I maruelito what end and purpoſe they ſhould ſo buſily make and pitch theyr netteſ for the enſnaring of flyeſ ? And if they receiue their firſt becing and brecding in the ayre, I cannotſee to what purpoſe they doc eyther lay egſ, or exclude ſmalllittle wormeſ after their coupling together. & — But we will eaſily pardon thiſ preſumptiouſ Etymologiſt, and deepe diver into Inter. pretationſ, with otherſ alſo of the ſame humour , whoſe ordinary cuſtome thuſ to dally and play with wordſ , iſ with them eſtecrned aſ good aſ Statute—law , for the moſt part.. < There aremany ſortſ of Spyderſ,and all of them hane three loyntſ apeece in their leggeſ. 49 ESG, caput minimum toto quof, corpore paruum e , Inlatere exileſ digiti 'pro crurib1uſ herent, Litera venter habet, de que tamenilla remitter Stamina. Which may be cngliſhedthuſ; t © 1 or Littleiſ theyr head; likewiſe the body ſmalt 55 Allouer iſ ,and fingerſ thinne vpon the ſideſ —" In ſieed ofleggeſ, out of the bellyeſ flancke doe fall ſ < Yet out of which ſhe makeſ her webbe to glyde. + Oizo All Spydetſ are venomouſ, but yet ſomemore, and ſomc leſſe. Of Spydefſthat ney—_ ther doe nor can doemuch harme, ſome of them are rame, familiar, and domkfli&al], and theſe be comonly the greateſt among the whole packeof them. Otherſ againe be meere wilde, living without the houſe abroadc in the open ayre , which by reaſon of their raue—" i nouſ 10 2 0 38 Of the Spyder. nouſ gut, and greedy devouring maw, haue purchaſed to theſclueſ the natheſ of wolfeſ, apd hunting—Spyderſ: The leaſt fort oftheſe weane no webbeſ at all » butthe greater be— ginneth to make a ſmall and harſh webbe about hedgeſ nie ynto the earth, ſpreading and ſetting the ſame abroade in the very entry, and in voyde placeſ neere their lurking holeſ, their d;ccltkllll netſ, ob\ſerumg very diligently the ſtirring of their deceitfull webbeſ, and perceiuing themmoouing, though neucr ſo lightly,ſhe maketh no ſtay, but with all ſpeed poſſible haſteneth her ſelfe to the place,and whatſocuer ſhee there findeth, ſhe ſeazeth vp— pon aſ her lawfull prize. +; The moſt dangerouſ & hurrfull Spyderſ are called phalangia,ifthey byte any one,(for they neuer ſtrike) their poyſon iſ by experience found to be ſo perrillouſ, aſ that there wil a notable great ſwelling immediatly follow therevpon. Theſe kindeſ of venomouſ Spy— detſ, are of two ſundry ſortſ, for ſome of them are leſler, and ſome greater. The leſſer fort are very vnlike one to another, and of changeable colourſ, violent, libidinouſ , hot, ſtyr. ring, ſharpe—topped, holſſdin g on their pace and way, aſ it were in inmpingmanner or lea» ping—wiſe: and theſe I find to be called by 47j/forle in hiſ xj. booke De Apzzzal. Pſullaſ,or Puliceſ, and Pitheci or Simyj. Of ſome they are called Oribareſ , becauſe they arevſuallie found among T'reeſ that grow vppon Mountaineſ. 'They are alſo called zIypodromi, be— cauſe they live vnder the leaueſ. & ® The Phalenginum ov Phalanx Spyder, iſ vaoknowne in Italy (aſ Pliny Gaith) & there are found many fortſ of them. One ſort of them iſ very like vnto a great Piſmire , but much bigger, hauing alſo a reddehead, but all other partſ are blacke , ſpeckled , and garniſhed with many whiteſpotſ running allalongſt their bodieſ. 'Thiſ formicarian or Piſmire—like Phalanx,of Actiuſ iſ deſcribed to haue a body much reſembling ſoore in colour, hiſ necke aſh—coloured, and hiſ backe gliſtering ,aſ it were with many ſtarreſ on it. Niea@der calleth it Agroi#eſ, and Actinſ, Lucoſ. The Latineſ terme it Vepazor,that iſ, the Hunter. Thiſ ſtingetlubut weakely, without any paine at all, but yet it iſ ſome—what venomouſ,though notverymuch. Thiſ kind of Pha/anx iſ often found among Spyderſ—webbeſ, where,(af ter thefaſhion of ſome Hunterſ) they beguile and intrap flycſ, gnatſ, and Beeſ, gad—Ayeſ and, Wialpeſ. ( And if Eonzrerſſ write no more then may be wartanted for truth,) thoſe great horſe—flyeſ or oxe—flyeſ and Brimſeeſ, that in Somſſmcrſſ- ſeaſon vexe cattle, and what— ſocuer they lay their clowtcheſ on, that they hold faſt anid—deſtroy ; and thuſ live they by taking of bootieſand preyeſ. & . o at Thereiſ noman (I thinke) ſoill aduiſed, that will confeſſe thiſ to be the ſame creature which Arii#oarle calleth Pwex; for thebody of that by hiſ deſcription iſ broade , rowling, round, and the partſ about the neckehatie certaine lineſ or cutſ : and beſideſ , about the mouth thereappearc and ſeeme to bud forth three eminenticſ or ſiandings out. . There iſ another ſort of Pha/langi/, called by Nican=Rox, of Activſ, Ragion, of Acliannſ, Rhax, (becauſcitiſſolikethekernellor ſtone that iſ found in Grapeſ,) and thiſ kinde of _ Spyder iſ of a round figurejblacke in coloutr, the body'gliſtering, and round aſ a ball, with 40 very ſhorrſtuinped feere, yet neuertheleſſe of a very ſwift pace. They havetceth,and their mouth iſ nigh their belly, and whcn they ſtirre; they gather vp theirfeere very F_dund. In the deſcription of thiſ Spyder, Actinſ, Aclianuſ and Pliny doe wholyconſent ag*zſſ] agree in: opinion, and yet Ac/ianaſ waſ a littiebefideſ the way) when he ſetdowne poddaſ macrouſ, + for microuſ;long feere for ſhort feete,and that thiſ kind of Spyder waſ onely found in Zy— biſ, and notelſ where. . a 4 . ei —Thackindiof Spyder termed of Plzn]ct, AlHerion, ſeemeth to be all one with th_cſi.ſiſſm.ſſ' ſauing thav thiſ iſ moreknowne by hiſ little white ſpotſ made ſtarre—wiſe, & the gliſtering . ſtripeſ or rayeſ where—withhiſ body ſcemethito be Oucr—ſprinckled. P/iny onely mchtio— neth thiſ, aſ if Arz/Zotle, Galen, Actinſ and Auicen, had neucr hcat_d of it. in ; "The mmoſt venomouſ and hurtfull of all theſe; iſ that which Wicapder calleth Pedeoreſ, i bich | ic fo nboth ſideſ of of colourazute, or bright blew, whichhath long, high, and loftic feete on bo the body.The Scholiaſt addeth Daſ# andxetcoron, that iſ, lgnugzsſhm and ſub[im'e , foft. like corten or wooll} and loftic or high, and not /ablime lanngino/umy, aſ Lontcernſ trſſanflſſaz teth it. P/igy ſaith, that thiſ Spyder hath a black moſſineſ or ſoft c{ljwnc, lalchoufiſ;h}r]twd Sinledato'tm "chat an & i E rblew colour; hath any ſearce ſiake into my head;that any Spyder that ISBOZ anazure 0 5 y The Hiſtory of Serpentſ, ſoft hayreſ, or woollic ſubſtance of a blacke colour, There iſ another kind of Phalaxginm Spyder called of Nicander, Dy/dZer}, which name iſ neither to be found in A7i/fagle, Pliny,noxr Actinſynor yet in any other auncient Authot that euer I could reade, which ſome otherſ call , and that very properly , Spheckicn, qraſſ veſparium, becauſe it iſ ſo like a redde Waſpe, ſauing that it lacketh wingſ , & thiſ Waſpe, like Spyder iſ of a paffing deepe redde colour, and counted far worſer then the blCW.SPy_ der, alchough the azure or blew—ſpyder onely by touching doth infe&t with poyſon, and will breake any Chriſtall glaſſe, if it runne oucrit though neuer ſo ſpeedily , or doe but touch it in glauncing wiſe, aſ Sealiger beareth witneſſe. Thereare two ſortſ of Phalangie—Spyderſ called Tetragzathe , and the worſer iſ that which hath balfe of hiſ dead deuided with one white line, and another white line running ' croſſe—wiſe. There iſ another of theſe not ſo hurtfull aſ the former, and thiſ iſ of an aſhe. colout, and yery white in the hinder—partſ. There iſ alfo a Spyder coloured aſ thiſ iſ,chat maketh her webbe by wallſ ſideſ for the taking of flyeſ, which aſ ſome affirime; hath litcle or no yenome in it at all. Ac#/uſ ſaith, that the Terragmath@aſ iſ a kinde of Phalangium, ha., uin g a broadeand a whitiſh body, rough footed, with two ſwcl!ing or llc;le buncheſ ſtan. ding out in the head; the one ſome—what broad, the other ſtanding right foorth, ſo that at the firſt, one would imagine that it had two moutheſ, and foure t2wveſ, Acltanuſ in hiſ xyij. booke, chap. 40» ſaith,chat there iſ great ſtore oftheſe to be found in India about the River A7,þ424, where their multirude iſ ſo dangerouſ and miſchinouſ, aſ that they bring deathand deſtruGtion to the Cittizenſ and people bordering nie thoſe placeſ. And Szrabo the Geographer, in hiſ xyj. booke telleth vſ,chat beyond the Lybianſ and on the weſtetrc—ſide of Affricke, there iſ a Country leftdeſtitute of inhabitantſ , ha. uing goodly large fieldeſ and paſtureſ , beeing vnhabirable by reaſon of the multitude of Scorpionſ there bred, and of the Spyderſ called T etragnathai. There iſ to be found in Harucſt—time amongſt Peaſe, Beaneſ, and other ſortſ of pulſey (when they are gathered and reaped by the hand) certaine ſmall Spyderſ called Kzmphayi— deſſi Eikela, in ſhew like ynto Cantharideſ or Spaniſh—flycſ, of a very redde and fiery coo lout, ſuch aſ we Engliſhmen call Twizgeſ, by cating or licking vp of which, bothoxen & other beaſtſ doe many timeſ dye. There iſ another kinde of phalangium that breedeth al. together in the pulſe, called Ezumy, which iſ like vnto Tareſ , and likewile in the Peach— tree, which Mycander and Aetinſ terme Cranocalapteſ, and Dieſcorideſ naracth it Kephalo= krouſteſ, becauſe it iſ ſo preſumptiouſ bolde aſto ſtrike at the handſ of trauailerſ by the high—wayeſ, when aſ eyther it paſſeth downe in glyding manner by her fine thredde, or that ſhe tumbleth downe without any ſtay of thred or other ſupport. It iſ a ſmall creawre to ſee to,kecping on the pace veryfearcefully , nodding with the head , reeling , and aſ it were ſtaggering, beeing great and heauic in the belly, ſome—what long of body , and of a greeniſh colour., It carryeth a ſting in the toppe of her necke,and ſtriking atany, ſhe com— monly:aymeth at thoſe partſ which are about the head, And aſ Actinſlaith, En toiſ phul— Loiſ teſ peſciaſ trephetciſ, kai taptera echci homoia taiſ en taiſ kuſtaiſ pſuchaiſ : That iſ, they are noutifhed in Peach—=trec—leaueſ, and they hane wingſ like vnto Butter—fAlyeſ that are found amongſt Batly. E Drrht W here—vpon the Scholiaſt ſcemcth to inſinuate to vſ,that thiſ kind of Spyder iſ win— ged, which no man (aſ L indge)hathketherto obſcrued. Payzertyſ and Ardeynuuſ do take the Cramocalapteſ to be a Tayantula, but herein they are both miſtaken,aſ waſ Rabbi Moſeſ' before them. The Spyder called Sclerocephaluſ, informe differeth but little from the for— mer ; Ithath a head aſ hard aſ a ſtonc,and the lincamentſ and proportion of the body do much reſemble thoſe ſmall creatureſ. which are ſcene about Lampſ—lightſ, or candleſ in the night time. t FCCS Therecommethin the laſt place to: be deſcribed, the Phalangie—Spyder of Appulia,com— monly knowne by the name of Taxanrula, raking hiſ denomination from the Countrey of Tarentum, where there are found grearſtore and plenty of them . Firdinandiiſ Panzer— +#ſ imagineth, that it hath but onely ſixefecte, and Ardoynuſ iſ ofthe ſame indgment, & further faineth, that it hath a ſtretched out tayle. Raſfſ calleth a Turapzp/a, by the name of Sxypt8, Albueaſiſ, Alſ 2xi Rabbi Moſeſ, Aggonſarpa, Auicen, Sebigi »DoGor Gilbert, Tarantſ — _ : = . therein 0 49 a 58 EQ 20 30 Of the Spyder, therein Wlqwmg Ardeynuſ, which maketh twoortſ of Tarabtilaeſ,the oneofabrowne the other of a yellow colout and cleere ſhyning , ſuch aſ are to be found in Egypt. Plin 5 (aſ you read a little before) fayd that the Phalamgi# waſ not knowne in Italy, but in rhcf: dayeſ they are found throughout all the Soutberne partſ of that Country (,:ſpcciallv nie the Sea—ſhore, aſ both Harueſt—men and Hunterſ can well tettifie by \hci; owne woſull experience. . Ponzettuſ waſ much degeined, when in hiſ third booke and xy. chapterentreating of the Scorpion, he exprefly affirmeth the Pha/azx to be ſuch a venomouſ flye. It iſ a vengi— ble and ctuell creature (aſ Alexapder ab Alexandro ſaith,) and to be touched, horrible ve— nomouſ arnid peſtilent : and moſt eſpecially theyr byting iſ exceeding venomouſ in the parching heate of the Sommer, but at other ſeaſonſ of the yeere not ſo great . There be many fortſ of Spyderſ found in very cold Countrieſ, but no Phalangieſ at all, or if there be any, yet haue they very little poyſon in them, and nothing compatable to them of ho— ter:Clymateſ. All the ſortſ of Phalangieſ doc lay theyreggeſ in a nette or webbe, (which forthe pur. poſe they make very ſtrong and thicke,) and fitte vpon them in very great number , and whenthcit broode iſ increaſed to ſome growth, they kill theyr damnme by theyr hard em— bracementſ, and fling her cleane away ; and further, caſting offallfatherly affeGtion, they many timeſ ſerue the male with the ſame ſauce, if they can come handlſomely by him, for he iſ a helper to the female in ſitting ouer their eggeſ. They hatch at one time three hun— dred, aſ hach been ſcene by the teſtimony of Be/lopinſ, in hiſ Booke Singul obſernat. chapſ 63. The Tarantulaeſ commonly lye lurking in holeſ,chinckſ, and chappeſ of the earth, and with theyr teeth they bite and wound at vnawareſ, incircumſpe& Mowerſ, & Har— neſt—folkeſ, and raſh Huntſmen, who thinke of no ſuch marter: and therefore they that ateacquainted with theyrſleightſ,doe weare booteſ and gloueſ on theyr handſ & leggeſ, for their further defence, ſo often aſ they goe foorth , eyther to hawking, hunting, or to reaping and mowing, orany ſuch like labour in the commonfieldſ: : All theſe Spyderſ are venomouſ cuen naturally, for that iſ ſo ſetled and deepely faſte— ned in them , aſ it can by nomeaneſ becradicated or taken away. Neither ſuck they thiſ venom and poyſonouſ qualitic from plantſ or herbeſ, aſ many men thinke, which in ve— " ry truth theylneucr fo much aſ taſte of, neither do they purchaſethiſ venomouſ complex— jonand nature'from any naughty, hurrfull, and malignant qualitie that iſ initheit meate,» SC by reaſon their chiefe foode and ſuſteriatunce iſ flyeſ; gnatſ, and Beeſ , aiid withoutque— ſtion they can ſucke and draw no ſuch cacochymicall imyce from.theyr bodieſ. If the for— micarian (which I call the Piſmire—like) Phalangie doc byte any man,there willpreſenthie follow moſt fearefull accidentſ : foritbringeth an exceeding greattumor vpon the woun— ded place, the kneeſ are looſe and feeble, trembling of the hart, and decay of ſtrength doe ſucceede, and ſome—timeſ it inducerlyvdeath it ſelfe: t gſ thot i. Nicander ſaith,that they whozare byttcn of thiſ kind of Spydet;doe fallintodſuch a pro— found ſleepe, aſ that they will neucr be awaked, for they haue and{uffer thawwhich FHiſ '" ſtorieſreportof ClegpartzſeQucene of Egypt, who to eſcape the fingerſ of Privpey, becauſe ſhe would not be brought to Rome in tryumphb, cauſed two Ser_pc_nrs_call_cd Aſpeſ; to be fetre to her breaſtſ, which—did ſting her to death 5 whoſe nature iſ to give ahbeauinefe and ſlecpe, without anyiſhrinkingor marke in the ſkinne, onely putting foor_t'h a genctglc ſweat out of the face, avifonic were.in a traunce and hard to be awaked: boldcioo ſuorſiÞ ; The Spydec called Agroſtiſ, maketh but a ſmallwound vylth her bytcmg, and .in daſir(r{:anſi nerwithoutany paine atall,and no wayeſ d;adly, voleſie it be buit ſlightly regarded, or thatno care be had for the cure in the beginning. The Pþalmgſize -Lhſiat iſ cg!lcd Duſdernſ, whiich iſ faſhioned like a VV aſpe, if he hutt any one by hiſ byring} it cauſech thc'ſamcſi ace cidentſ that the azure or blewiſh—coloured Spyderdoth, butyet notialtogetherſd terrible + and vehement. Andbeſideſ . the Duſder—Spyder.with her poyſon, bringeth awaſting and hole body by degreeſ, without any great ſerice: | ) . Jf aman bc-Poyſo\:egwith'\hackmd ofS;)ydcr which iſ found among pul'ſc, apc_l iſ (aſ Iſi ſaid b&fbſſfc)lſikc anto Spaniſh—Aycſ, there will preſently ariſe—certaine puſtuleſ,ciſingſ or ; ' i aſ if one were ſc; ith hot water., in which ſwel— ſ\ſſv_cumgS,gzuc,h like v-n;_ubhſtcſs ) 85 if one were ſcalded witl v 5 e . P V ſi ſ & pyring away of the The ſigheſ to know when one iſ bytren of any Fhalanz and the effectſ oftheſame, 250 The Hiftory of Serpentſ, lingſ there will commonly be much yellowiſh matter, beſideſ,the paticht iſ much diſquil eted, vexed, & too much out of order, the eyeſ ſeeme to be writhed, deformed, lookin aſquint on the one ſide, the tonguc faltereth and ſtammereth , not beeing able to ſound their wordſ, or to pronounce direCtly : their ralke iſ idle, they wander and rouc vppeand downe in great perplexitie, their hart becing tormented, toſſed & turmoyled with an ex. traordinarie kind offuriouſ paſſion, : The Spyder that iſ found in the pulſe, called E/,u## , which iſ very like to Tareſ or Vetcheſ, produceth by hiſ venom the ſame cuill effectſ that the former doth, and if horſeſ or other beaſtſ doe by chaunce devoute any of them , their bodieſ are ſo inflamed by meaneſ of the vnquenchable thirſtineſ the poyſon cauſeth, thatmany timeſ they butſt a— ſunder in the midſt, If the Czramacalapteſ wound any man (aſ Pliny aſſureth yſ) it iſ not long before death it ſelfe doc ſucceede. And yet Nicander and Actiuſ hold the contraric, and would make vſ belecue that hiſ hurt iſ ſoone remedied , without any great adoe ; yer heerein they doe conſent, that if any be hurt with any Spyder of thiſ kinde, there will fol— low a great paine of the head, coldneſ, ſwymming and gyddineſ ofthe bral_ne, much dic. quietneſ of the whole body,, and pricking paineſ of the ſtomack. But notwithſtanding all thiſ (ſaith Nicender,)the patient iſ ſoone remedied,and all theſe aboue rehearſed paſſionſ guickly appeaſed and brought to an end. The Sclerocephaluſ, aſ it muchteſembleth the Cranecalapteſ—Spyder in forme and pro— portion,ſo in hiſ force, effe& and violence they aremuch alike, cauſing the ſame ſympto— meſ, accidentſ and paſſionſ aſ the former. The wound that the Spyder called Ragion in.. flicteth, iſ very ſmall, ſo that a man can hardly diſcerne it with hiſ eyeſ , but yet if one be hurt chere—with, the lower partſ of the eyeſ, and the eyc—liddeſ waxe vety redde. Beſideſ, the patient feeleth a ſhyucring cold or chyldneſ in hiſ loyneſ, with weakeneſ and feeble— neſſe in the kneeſ, yea the whole body iſ taken with a great quaking cold, & the ſineweſ by meaneſ of the violence and rankneſſe of the poy{on, ſuffer 2 conviilſion. The partſ ſer— uing to generation, are triade ſo impotent and weake, aſ that they are not able to retaine the ſeede, nor yet to containe their vrine, which they voyde forth much like in colout to a Spyderſ—webbe, and they feele thelike paine aſ they doe which are ſtunge vyith Scor— pionſ. Ofthe woundin g of the Startre—Spyder feebleneſ and weakeneſ followeth, ſo that one a cannot ſtand ypright, the kneeſ buckle,ſleepe and ſhaking drouſineſ ſeaſeth vpon the hurt partſ : and yet the worſt of all iſ the blewiſh Spyder;for thiſ bringeth dimneſſe of the eye— fight, and yomiting, much like vato Spyderſ and cobwebſ in colout,fainting and ſwoun— ding, weakeneſ of the kneeſ, heauy ſleepeſ, and death it ſelfe, If a man be wounded of the 77 etragnathian—Spyder ,the place waxeth whitiſh, vvith an intollerable, vehement, and continuall paine in it, and the member it ſelfe withereth and pyneth away euen to the very ioyntſ. Finally, the whole body by receining any whole. ſomeſuſtenaunce, iſ nothing at all relieued thereby , yea and after a man hath reconered hiſ healthy yet iſ he neuerthelcſle diſquicted by much watching for a long time after , ( aſ Activſ writcth.) Nicander in expreſſe wordeſ confeſſeth » thatthe Aſh—coloured Teag— nath, doth not by hiſ byting infuſe any venome or like hurt, If the ſpeckled Phalangie of Apulia, which iſ vſually knowne by the name of Tarapzula, doe byteany one, there will follow diverſ and contrary accidentſ and ſymptomeſ, according to the vatiouſ conſtitu— tion, different complexion, and diſpoſition of the partie wounded. For after they are hurt by the Taraztula, you ſhall ſeec ſome ofthem laugh, otherſ contrariwiſe to weepe , ſome will clatter out of meaſure, ſo that you ſhall neuer get them to hold their tofigueſ; and o— therſome againe you ſhall obſeruc to be aſ mute aſ fiſheſ : thiſ man ſleepeth: continuallic, and_ another cannot be brought to any reſt at all; but runneth vp and downe , raging and fauing like a mad man. i ao & —R 0 & There be ſome that imagine themſelueſ to be ſome great Lordſ or Kingſ; @ethattheif 59 authoritie, Empire and fignory, extendeth it ſelfe farre and wide, and for that cauſe they. will ſeeme to charge otherſ by vertue of their abſolute and kingly authoritie, and aſ they tender theyr fauourſ, and will auoyde their diſpleaſure ; to ſee thiſ or that bifineſ diſpat— ghed ; and with otherſ againe the contraty conceite ſo much prevaileth /aſbyaſtrong » E imagina, 4 I\ f i 3 — Of the Spyder. 251 imagination they cannot be otherwiſe diſwaded butthat they are taken priſonerſ , that theylyciriſome deepe dungeon or priſon, withboltſ and ſhackleſ about their fc;tc, ſo manyaſtheirleggeſ can beare, or that their neckeand feete lye continually in the ſtockſ, Yqu_(lſſmll ſceſome ofthem to becheercfull, quicke of ſpirit , and linvely , with dauncing, ſwingingyand ſhaking themſclueſ . With otherSagaine you ſhall hauc nothing but ſadi. ncſſe,' and hcamncſſc.pf mindy browne—ſtudieſ, vnaptneſ to doe any thing, aſ if one were aſtonied ; fo that nothing but numnmeſſe, and dulneſ of moouin gandfecling ; ſceemeth to pinchthem,; becing to ſce to very ſenceleſſe, < In concluſion, aſ dronkenneſſe to ſundry perſonſ iſ not allone , butmuch different, according to the diverſitic of complexionſ, & naturall conſtitution of the braine : ſo neyſ ther iſ the madneſ or frenzie—fitſ of theſe perſonſ allone that be infeded with a 747—247y— lacſ poyſon :but ſome of them are fearefull; filent, cuer trembling and quaking : and o0: therſagaine aremorefoole—hardie, taſh, preſumptionſ, clamotouſ, full of noyſe, dooing nothing elſe but calland ery out, and {ome feweſeeme to be very graue, conſtant & ſted= faſt, that will not alterthecir purpoſeſ for a world of wealth. Butlet thebe affeSted eyther with thiſ or that paſſion, yet thiſ iſ common to them all, aſ well to one aſ to another,that they are generally delighted with muſicall inſtrumentſ, and at theirſound or noyſe, vvill ſo tryp it on the toeſ dauncer—like; applying both their mindeſ and bodieſ to dauncing & friſking vp & downe;that during the time of any muſicall hatrmony ,they will neuer leaite 20 mouing their memberſ & lymbeſ, like a Lack—an—apeſ that cannot ſtand ſtill. And which iſ more ſtrange, they will vſe theſt . tionſ and geſtureſ when they are ready to depart thiſ life, through thelingering ſtay:. > vehement crueltic of the poyſonſ operation : and yert for all thiſ, though they be ſo neerw . "to death , yet if they heare any muſicke , they comeagaine to themſclueſ, newly gathering their ſpiritſ and ſtrength, and with a greater alactitie,promptneſ of mind and cheerc;they foore it aſ frolickly aſ euer they did or could haue done, 8 _ LASk And thuſ dooing and dauncing both day and night, without any notoriouſ intermiſ— fion,& by their continued ſweating,the poyſon being diſperſed into the poreſ of the ſkin, and euaporated by inſenſible tranſpiration or breathing out, are at length by thiſ meaneſ 30 recouered to their former health & ſtate of body. And if the Pyperſ or Fidlerſ ceaſe play= . _ ing with their muſicke, though neuct (6 little awhile, before the matter of the poyſon be in ſome part exhauſted, then will they make a recidivuation and rewrning to their former paſſionſ and griefeſ, with which they wereat firſt tormented and diſquicted. But yet thiſ iſ the moſt ſtrange, deſeruing the greateſt admiration of all; that all thoſe perſonſ vvhich are bytten or wounded by any Tarenzwla,they wil daunce ſo wel, with ſuch good grace & meaſure, and ſing ſo ſweetly, and withalldeſcant it ſo finely and tunably , aſ though they had ſpent all their life—time in ſome dauncing and ſinging—ſchoole. . Neucertheleſſe, Cardan, contrary to all authoritic'and experience, calleth in doubt a-nd queſtion thiſ poynt, and atlaſt concludeth tharthey'cannor be reſiorcd to hcz_tlch againe by muſicke. Wherein he doth maruailouſly repugne and contrary , both Felix Platecuſ, Theodoruſ Zuingeruſ, Andrcaſ Matthioluſ, Bellunenſiſ, Ponzetiuſ, Peracelſuſ , and manie other famouſleatnedmen. Trulie, a bare contradidtion againſt ſo great authoritieſ , iſ — farre vaworthy and vabeſceming a man any thing (though neucr ſo little) ſeene or exer> ciſed in Philoſophy :much more ſo great a Philoſopher anſſd Phlſiuan aſ Cardan waſ. Yet ſurely Lam of the opinion, that Cardan did not erre in Phhoſpphy through' 1gnoraunce; buthauing a defire continually to appearemore learned, he dld_ cucrkhlzcmjl hlm_ſeſſlſ? to En- pugne that, which he knew the ſoundeſt and beſt part of men did hqſ ag_ malle:aDc. ut thiſ little which Thauc heere ſpoken, ſhall ſerue ſufficiently for the diſcufling of Cardayſ 0» PlnZZA ſurely, if the harmonicall:{ound and melodic of warlike dlrummſi]cs ngd] tſi;xfzfſi})etsſſ hath curgd furiouſ, madde, and cn_ragcd horſeſ, and mittigated [1 r1c pgllucbo tt }]1:: itſigmg;s and hyppeſ, aſ Aſelepiadeſ hath written, I ſee nothing to lh'c contratie , but 1 y n ſ 1 rounded of any Turdntulſ. The Pope, with hiſ poll—ſhorne helpe thoſe perſonſ that are woun W Hier indBane afloned and eppointed generation, hane muſtered diverſ ofthe Saintſ togerber,and ha 8 P 4r+. fat thc tur ry diſeaſeſ. Aſ for hi ty cha —ucralloffice apart, for the cure of ſundry diſeaſeſ. to each hiſ ſundty charge and ſeuc party example; 40 0 5 o a No T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. example, S. Apzhony can heale the burning, S: Roch the peſtilence, notwithſtanding that, S. Sebaitianhath ſome ckill in it allo. Saint Ca/e»yſ and Damian ate good for all byleſ and ſwelling diſeaſeſ. S. 724 for the pockſ: S.Appolin for the tooth—ach. S. Petrenellacan drige away all manner of Agueſ. And S. Vizwyſ or Vitu{m, (we may well call him S. Calfe) that in timeſ paſt excelled in the muſicall Art, doth dire& all Dauncerſ ; or ſuch aſ will leap or vault : So that if thiſ Saint be invocated and pacified with muſicall hatmonie and mclodi. ouſ ſound of inſtrumentſ, he will be an excellent Apothecarie& Doctor for the curati— on of any that are wounded with a Tarapivlſ, Superſticiouſ people fondly imputing that to the Patron and Progtor ſome—timeſ of Muſick, which ought rather to be autributed to Muſicke it ſelfe , and motion of the body. Digſtorideſ concerning the common bytingſ of hurtfull Spyc_icrs or Phalengieſ ,; yyri— reth thuſ. T he accidentſ (ſaith he) that doe accompany the bytingſ of Spyderſ, are theſe that follow. The wounded place waxethred, yet doth it not ſwell nor grow very hot, but it iſ ſome—what moyſt. If the body becomc cold, there will follow trembling and ſhaking, the groyne and hammeſ doe much ſtroute out, & are exceeding diſtended, Fhcrc iſgreat prouccation to make water, and ſtrining to exonerate nature, they ſweat with much dif— ficultie, labout and paine. Beſideſ, the hurt perſonſ are all of a cold ſweat, and teareſ de— ſtill from their eyeſ that they grow dym—ſighted there—with. Ae#/@ further addeth , that they can take no reſt or ſlecpe, ſometimeſ they haue ereCion of the yarde, and the heade itcheth, other—whileſ the eyeſ and calfeſ of the leggeſ grow hollow and lanke, the bellie iſ ſtretched out by meaneſ of wind, the whole body iſ puffed vppc, but in eſpeciall the face, they make a maffeling with theyr mouth , and ſtammer ſo that they cannot diſtinetly be yvnderſtood. a 5 Some—timeſ they can hardly voyd vrine, they havie great paine in the lower partſ, the vtine that they make iſ wateriſh, and aſ it werefull of. Spyderſ—webbeſ, the partaffedSed, hath a great pricking and ſwelling, which Diof/corideſ (aſ you reade a little before) will by nomeanceſ yeeld to, and it iſ a little red. Thuſ farre Aezimſ, from whom Pawluſ Acgineta, Aduariuſ, Ardoyneſ and ſome otherſ differ but a little. In Zacynthuſ an Ile in the Ionian. Sea, on the W eſt of Peloponeſi, if any there be hurt of a Phalangium, they are otherwiſe and more grievouſly tormented then in any other place,for there the body groweth ſtiffe and benummed ; beſideſ, it iſ very wcake,trcmbling, and exceeding cold. They ſuffer al— ſo vomiting with a ſpaſine or crampe, and inflamation of the virge , beſideſ an intollera— ble patfic in their eareſ and ſoaleſ of theitfeete. The people there doe cure themſelueſ by batheſ, into which if any ſound man after thatdoc enter to waſh himſelfe , or be drawne into the ſame by any guile or deceitfull meaneſ , hee will foorth—with fall into the ſame greefeſ & paſſionſ, that the other ſicke patient endured before he receiued temedic. And ;_hc like to thiſ writeth D/o/eozideſ, in hiſ Chapter of Trifolium aſphaltiteſ, in theſe wordſ ollowing. The decoction (ſaith he) of the whole plant beeing vſed by way of fomentation , ba— thing or ſoking the body, ceaſeth all thoſe paineſ which are cauſed by the byting or ſting— ing of any venomouſ Serpent : and with the ſame bathing or fomenting whatſocuer vice— xouſ perſonſ ſhall vſe or waſh himſelfe withall, he will be afeed and haue the ſame ace cidentſ, aſ he that hath beene bitten of a Serpent. ! Galen in hiſ booke De Theciaca ad Piſonem , aſcribeth thiſ to miracle , Accounting it a thing exceeding common reaſon and nature : but I ſtand in doubt that that Booke vvaſ never Galerſ,but rather fathered vpon him by ſome other man. And yet Ac/ianuſ writeth more miraculouſly, whe he affitmeth that thiſ hapneth to ſome helthy perſonſ,& ſuch aſ be in good plight & ſtate of body, neuer ſo much aſ making any mention of vicer or ſoreſ Thuſ much of the ſymptomeſ; accidentſ, paſſionſ or effeeſ which ſticke and waite vpon thoſe that are hurt by Spyderſ. And now come I to the cure. The generall cure, according to the opinion of. Dioſcorideſ, iſ, that firſt there muſt be ſcarification made yvpon the wounded place, and that often, and cupping—glaſſeſ muſt aſ often be applyed and faſtened with much flame to the part affected. Ab/Z4rrz0nſ counſclliſ to make a fummigation with egge—ſhellſ firſt ſteeped in water, and then beeing caſt on the coaleſ with Hartſ—hornc or Galbanum, to perfume the yenomed part there—with. After that 19 40 50 Of the Spyder. that to vſe ſactificationſ;to let bloud,or to ſuckethe place,or to draw out the venom with cupping—glaſſeſ : or (which iſ the ſafeſt courſe of them all) toapply an adGuall cautery,ex. cept the place affected be full of ſinneweſ, Laſtly to prouoke ſweat well, either in bed, co— uering the patient well with cloatheſ, or it iſ better by long and caſie walking to procure ſweating.In ſome to artaine to the perfe&X curation,youmuſt worke both wit% inward & outward meaneſ, ſuch aſ here ſhall be preſcribed and ſet before youreyeſ : whereof the moſt choyce and approued I haue ſet downe for the benefit of the Reader : and firſt Iwil beginne with Dioſcorideſ. 01 mpard M edicineſ out of Dioſcorideſ. p Ake of the ſeedeſ of Sothern—wood, Anniſe, Dill, the wilde Ci. cer, of the fruite of the Cedar—tree, Plantine and Trifolie : of each a like quantity, beate them to powder by themſelueſ, be— } || fore you doe mixe them. The doſe iſ two drammeſ to be taken d{[ in Wine . Likewiſe one dramme of the ſcedeſ of Tamariſke drunke in Wine, iſ very effectuall . Some vſe adecoGion of Chamapytiſ, and the greene Nutſ of the Cipreſ—tree in Wine. bem—— There be ſome which prayſe the inyce of Croy—fiſheſ, to be taſ 20 ken with Aſheſ, Milke, and Smallage—ſcede, and thiſ Medicine experience hath approo— ued and confirmed, for the ceaſing of all payneſ . Lye made of Figge—leateſ iſ drunke with good ſucceſſe againſt all byringſ of Spyderſ. » It iſ good alſo to rake the fruite of the Turpentine—tree,Bay—berrieſ,leaueſ of the Balme, and the ſeedeſ of all ſortſ of Carretſ : or to drinke the iuyce of Mirtle—berrieſ, of the ber— rieſ of Tuy, or Mull—berrieſ,che inyce of Colewort—leaueſ,and of Cliueſ or Gooſe—greaſe with W inc or Vineger. A dramme of the leaueſ of Beane—Trifoly drunke in wine, the decodtionof the rooteſ of a Sparaguſ, Luyce of Sen—greene,or any opening inyce ,iſ good for the ſame. Some vſe with very good ſucceſſe, the leaueſ of the Hearbecalled Balme with Niter, and Malloweſ, boyled both leafe and roore, and ſo taken often in a potion. 30 The leaneſ of the Hearbe called Phalangium, withhiſ flouteſ and ſeedeſ . The ſcedeſ of Nigellaallo ſexue to the ſame end, eM edicineſ out of (}ctlen. Ake of Arizolochia, of Opium,of eyther alike much, foure 7S)| | drammeſ, of the rootſ of Pelletorice of Spayne three dramſ. Z/AIMake thereof Trochiſceſ, to the quantitie of a Beane . The J | doſe iſ two Trochiſceſ, with three ounceſ of pure wine. T he 6 | Aſheſ of a Rammſ hooſfe tempored with Hony, and drumke g/4\\ with Wine. Remedieſ of Digphanteſ againſt the bytingſ of Phalangieſ.Take of Aſtrologe or hartwort 4.d.rams,of Pelle— torie of Spaine aſ much,Pepper 2. dramſ, Opinm; one diram, make thereof Trochiſceſ, to the quantity of a Beane, & rake — two of them in a good draughtdof gure W ;nc; h Avother . T'ake of the ſeedeſ of wilde Rue, Rocket—ſcede, Styrax, Swlppur vinum, Tf(;fhcc):?l?l:?:nzh ſixe drammeſ, of CafPorenm two drammeſ, commix them t(c{) ma]kſc 'Trochiſceſ, aſ before, with the bloud of a Creuiſh . 'The doſe iſ one ſcruple and a halfe in Wine. Another. Take of Myrthe, CaFereum and Styrax, of either one dra(rin, Op;_m(; two drammeſ, of Galbanum three drammeſ, Smal'lagc-ſcedcs and Anruſc-ſ_cch CZ} o ?ct. ther alike two ounceſ and a halfe, Pepper thirty graineſ, make them vppdc (\_ML d\ ineſo much aſ iſ ſufficient. Another. Take of Myrrhe fite ounceſ, of Spl_krfz_ar Zcc ran&mes, ofthe the flower of Juncuſ Rotunduſ two drammeſ and a halfe, Caffiz,z:ſſ oure 13\\(1{3, ynaſ mon three drammieſ, white Pepper one dramme and a ha_lfc,Fr:ſſnh I_;nce W'Fhmdmgl? and halfe a ſcruple, Gofz@ſ one dramme, make them vp with Atricke Hony . The doſe iſ the quanxfuy of: 2 Hgſi;ct}l-N ut, to be taken cither mc f\/clulſc or waterſ he ) thec 5 * . \lfflh@s 5go T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Remedieſ out of eApollodoruſ. 1 Ake of wilde Comin two ounceſ and a halfe, the bloud ofa Sea—Tortoyce foure drammeſ, the rennet of a Fawne or Hare,three drammeſ,thc bloud of a Kid foure dramſ, make them yp with the beſt Wine, and reſcrue it to your vſe. The doſe iſ the quantity of an Oline, in a draught of the beſt and pureſt Wine. Another. Take of the ſeedeſ of wilde Rew, the ſeedeſ of Erve» dryed in the Sunne , of each alike, 6. dramſ : worke them with Wine and make Trochiſeeſ thereof, euery one of them weighing foure dramſ. The doſe iſ one Trochiſce . Read more in Galap in hiſ ſecondbooke De Antid. where any man may finde many for the ſame purpoſe, which he had gathered and ſcleGed from diverſ Authourſ. Out of EStinſ, and Pauluſ Egeneta. ==| Ake of Sulphur Vinum, and of Galbanum, of either foure drammeſ, of bitter | Almondſ excorticated one dramme, of the Gumme called Benzoin foure drammeſ, temper them in Wine, and after their Maceration, worke them vp with ſome Hony to be taken inwardly. Being thuſ prepared, it may like. B wiſebe applycd outwardly. Another. Take of Ameeſ two drammeſ, rootſ of Floure—deluce one dram, or elſe of Saint Zh7ſ—wort, or Trifolium Bituminoſum,drinke them out of Wine. Or take of Anniſe—ſeedeſ, wilde Carretſ, Comin, Nige//ſ Romana, Pepper and Agaticke, ofeither one dramme, and drinke them. Or take the leatieſ of the Cipreſ—tree, or the Nutſ beaten in Wine, and three quarterſ of a pinte of the beſtOyle, and gine it to drinke. ſ And to thiſ end they doe preſcribe Bay—berrieſ, Scorpion—graſſe, wilde—Timbe, Ca— Jamint, Chamepytiſ, either to be taken by themſelueſ alone,; or with Rew and Pepper. Aſclepiadeſ vſed theſe thatfollow . Take of the ſeedeſ of Angelica and Calamint, of ey— ther alike much, and powned together, to bee taken in ſixe ounceſ of Wine oftentimeſ inaday: Anvother . Take of Benzoin, the ſeedeſ of the wilde—Carret, of dry Minteſ and Spicknard a little quantity, temper them yp with Vineger. T he doſeiſ one dramme with pure water and Vineger mixed together about fiue of ſixe ounceſ. Anothermore excel— lent. Take Garlicke and eate it, and a bath made of the ſame with Wine, and likewiſe al thoſe Medicineſ which doe heale the bytingſ of Viperſ, are notable in theſe caſeſ. Pagle Acgineta commendendeth all theſe very highly, and (0,dooth hee the ſeedeſ of Agm/ Caituſ, or the leaueſ of the White—Popler. : Out of . AMCcicander. :Akcſi of thepureſt Turpeotine that diſtilleth out of the Pinc.tree, and eate pfſſdrink it ; for thiſ iſ a very effeSuallmedicine, which aſ 3c/ow/zſ reporteth hehathfound —S\))) } y tobetrueby.experience. Out (ff eAuicenna.: HE ffui_tc of the Mirrle—tree , Dorovicum; Maſticke , Aſſ# Ferida, Deddsl yor ctVV ith—wind and hiſ root, the Nut of India, and white pZe/Lwa»e drunke wich wine. Takeofthe rooteſ of Atiſtolochic, rooteſ of Floure—deluce, of : Spicke, Pellitory of SPLLI}C*, Trifolium Bitumineſum, of tound Aſtrologe, the ſeedſ of Fi 40 go Of the Spyder. 255 — Spaine, the ſeedeſ of the wilde Catrot, blacke Hellebor, Commit, the rooteſ of the triie Daffadill, of the fi'-_ſixitc of the Carob-t_rcc, the leaneſ of Dateſ, toppeſ of Pomgranateſ, Cynamon, of the inyce of Rue, Crai—fiſhcſ, Styrax, Opium, and Carpobalſamum, of cy— ther alikeggne ounce,all of theſe being powdered,make thereof Trochiſceſ the weight of one dramthc or foure ſcrupleſ, which iſ their doſe. Take alſo in Wine the decocion of the ſcedeſ of Trifalinw Bituminoſxm, Cipreſ—Nutſ, and the ſeedeſ of Smallage. Beſideſ lethim drinke the grayneſ or fruite of the Pine—tree, Comin of TEthiopia, the leauieſ and | rinde of the Plane—tree, the ſeedeſ of Silery Montanum, blacke and wilde Cicerſ, the ſeedſ } of Nigella, Sothern—wood and Dill, Aſtrologe or Hartwort,thc fruite of the Tamariſke 10 tce: fonalltheſcare very effectuall to cure the hurteſ that come by byting of any yeno— !, mouſ.Spyder. +, i S T he inyce alſo of wilde Lettice and of Houſelike iſ excellent . The decoction of Cy— . preſ Nutſ becing boyled, eſpecially with. Cynamon ,, the broath of Crai—fiſheſ, and of Gooſe—fleſh, and likewiſe the decoction of the rooteſ of Aſparaguſ in VW inc and water, Another. Take of Aſtrologe and Comin, of each three drammeſ to be drunk in warme water ran excellent and approoued antidote. Take of the ſeedſ of Git or Nigella tenne drammeſ,Comin—ſeede, Daxcuſ—ſeede (or wilde—Carret) of either fine drammeſ, Spik— nard, Bay—bcerrieſ, round Atiſtolochie, Carpobalſamum, Cynamon , rootſ of Gentian, ſeedeſ of the Mountaine Siler, and Smallage, ofetnery one alike two. dramſ, make a conſ 20 fecion with Hony: The doſe iſ the quantity of a Nut with old VVine . A confeſion of Aſſa, Toke of Aſſa Fetida, Myirhe, and leaueſ . of Rue, of cugry oncaalike quantity, tem—= per them together with Hony. T he conmmon iſ one dram, or two at the moſt in VV inc. | (Certaine other SeleCed <—Medicineſ out of eAi Lſ)rtm, oA Tbucar | Ad Sſſ, Lulluſ, Rbazeſ and Pongzettuſ. Ake of white Pepper thirty gtrayneſ, drinke it often in a draught of old Wine . Give alſo the Hearbe Tymbe in W ine . 2b/7— tnſ. Let him drinke after it a Spoonefull of Wine diftilled with Balme. Zu/lyſ. Take ofdry Revy, of Co/?wſ, Horſemint, Pelle— tory of Spayne , Cardamomum, of cach alike, of Aſ/a Ferida a fourch part, Honny ſo much aſ iſ ſufficient, commixe them, T he doſe iſ the quantity of a Haſell Nut in drinke. A/buce/@ſ. The brayne of a Hen drunke vvith a live Pepper out of ſweet Winc, or Vineger and Watermyxed together . A notable Treacle or Antidote againſt the bytingſ of Phalangieſor venomouſ Spy— derſ. Take of Tarzſarum ſix drammeſ, of yellovy Sulphur eyght drammeſ, Rue—ſeedeſ three drammeſ, Ca/Foreum and Rocket—ſeede, of eyther tvyo drammeſ, vvith the blgud 4" ofaSca—Tortoycemake an Opiate : The doſe iſ tyvo drammeſ to bee raken in Wineſ — Another . Take of Pellitory of Spaine, and the roore of the round Ariſtolochic of each one part, of White Pepper halfe a part, Horchound foure partſ, temper them vp vyith Honuy; the doſe that iſ to bee given iſ one dramme. Avother. Take of the tooteſ of . Caperſ,cthe rooteſ of long Ariſtolochic or Hartwort, Bay—berrieſ, rooteſ of Gentian; of cacha like quantity to bec taken in Wine, or Jet him drinke D#//@with ſvveete ſtrong . Wine; Comin, and the ſeedeſ of Agaouſ Caityſ . Another.' Take of the ſeedeſ of Nz— gellatenne drammeſ, of Dancuſ and Comin—ſeedeſ, of each alike fine drammeſ, ſeedeſ of wilde Ruc, and Cypreſ Nutteſ, of! eyther three Drammeſ, Spiknard; Bſſay-þcrrlc?,rogud Aſtrologe,Carpobalſamum,Cynaomn, the root of Gentian, ſeedſ of Trifelimm Bituminoſ 35 dofSmallage—ſeede, of either two dramameſ, make a co nfeCion with Hony ſo much aſ iſ ſiffficient. Give the quantity of a Nut ſ } with old Wine. Rhazeſ; 3 ſiwm, an t Ccz Out T he Hiſtoxy of Serþentſ. Out of Pliny, (elſuſ, and Scaliger . i| T iſ good to gine fiue Piſmireſ to them thaflt are biggn of any Phalangium, or the ſeedeſ of Nigella Romana one drata,or Mul— betrieſ with Hypociſtiſ and Hony. There iſ a ſecret vertue and #\\ hidden quality in the root of Parſely, andof wilde Rue,peculiar. | ly againſt thoſe hureſ that Spiderſ infed& by their venome; The bloud of a Land—Tortoyce; the inyce of Ovigaz»m, the roote of Behen Album, Feruaine, Cingquefoile, all the lorteſ of Seigrcene, =_—— 1 Cipreſ—rootſ,che Inic,of Iuy roorſ being taken with ſome ſweet Wide; or water and Vinegermixed and boyled rogether, are very ſpeciallin thiſ griefe, Likewiſe two dramſ of Caſtereumr0 proucke vomitmgſibcmg relented in ſomfz tmulſe. Aſ pollodoriſ one of the diſcipleſ of Demecrateſ ſaith, there iſ an herb called Crocideſ;which if any Phalangium or other poiſonouſ Spider do biit touch,preſently they faldown dead, and their poyſon iſ ſo diilled and weakened; aſ it can doe no hurt, The leaueſ of the Bull: ruſh or Mxt—raſh which are next to the roor being caten;are found to gine much help. p/þ. #7. Take of Myrthe, of 724 Tamizeſ,which iſ the bertry of the hetÞ called Ampeloſ Agria, being akind of Bryony ,which windeth it ſelfe abouttrctſ axjd bedgeſ llk_c a Viue,o_f tome called our Ladieſ ſealc,of either alike, and drink them in 3. quartetſ of a pinte of ſod wine. Item,the'rooteſ of Radiſh ot of Darnell taken in Wine, iſ very cff:ctſſuall. Celſnſ.But the excellenteſt A ntidore of all other iſ that which Scaliger deſcribcth, whom for hiſ ſingular learning and decp conceit, I may tearme Woſfriſ orbiſ & [eculi ornamentum : The forme whereof in thiſ place I will preſcribe you. T aake of the ttue and round Ariſtolochia , & of the beſt Mithredate, of either one ounce, Terza Sigillata halfe an ounce, of thoſe Flyeſ which are found to line in the flower of the Herb called Napel/@ſ, in number 18. inyce of Citronſ ſo much aſ iſ ſufficient, mixe them altogether. For againſt thiſ miſchiefe of Spy= derſ, or againſt any other ſhrewd turneſ,gricuanceſ,or bytingſ ofany Serpentſ whatfoe— uerſ Art aſ yet ncuer found out ſo eff;ctuall a remedy,or ſo notable an alcxipharmacall. — Thuſfar Scaliger. Theiuyce of Appleſ being drunke,and Endiue, arethe propper Bezo— aragainſt the venom of a Phalangic. Petruſ de Albano. Thuſ much ofioward ;now wil I proceed to generalloutward medicamentſ and applicationſ . Fite Spiderſ puttified in common Oyle; & applyed outwardly to the affected place,are very good. Aſheſ made of the dung of draught beaſtſ tempered with vineger ,and yſed aſ an ointmen,,or in ſtead of vineger, water and vineger boyled together, and applyed aſ before, are prouced to be ſin. guler. Take of vineger 3. pintſ and a halſfe, Su[])/mr vinum two ounceſ, mix them,and fo. ment, bath,or ſoke the wounded part with a Spunge dipped in the liquor, or if thepaine be a little aſſwaged with the fomcntation, then waſh the place with a good quantity of Sca—water. Some hold opinion that Achateſ {which iſ a preciouſ ſtone, vyhercin are repreſented diverſ formſ, whereofſomc haue the nine maſtſ , ſome of Veauſ,c>c. will heale all bitingſ of Phalangieſ; and for thiſ cauſe being brought out of India it iſ held at a very deererate inthiſ Country.P/iny. Aſheſ made of fig—trec—leaueſ, adding to themſome Salt and wine. The rootſ of the wilde Panax being beaten to powder, Ariſtolochic & Barly Mealcknca— ded together and wrought vp with vineger. Water with bony and ſalt applyed ourward— ly for a fomentation. The decoion of the herb Balme, or the leaueſ ofit being brought to the forme of a Pulteſ, and applyed : but we muſtnor forget to vſe warme batheſ , and ſometimeſ to the place agricued. pliny.Cut the vaineſ that appeare vader the rongue,rub— bing and chafing the ſwelled placeſ with Salt and good ſtore of Vineger : theu canſe the patient to ſweat carefully & warily for feare of cold.FZgerinſ.Theophraſtuſ ſaith,that prace titioneſ do highly commend the roor of Payax Chironia)Moyſten the wound with Oile. Garlike bruiſcd,Knot.gmſſc or Barly—meale, and Bay—leaueſ with wine,or with the dregſ or Lecſ of wine, or wildeRuc applyed in manner of a Cataplaſme to the wounded place. Nonuſ. T ake of Sulphur Fivum, Galbanum, of cach alike, 4, dramſ and a halfe,of Enforbi— wnſ halfe a dranſ, Haſellnutſ excorticated two dramſ » diflolue them,and with wine make tQ— v 4 1 Q 0 } 2 0 30 Of the Spyder. towardeſ the curation. Elyeſ beaten to powder and applyed vpoa tlic place aft i fiſh Fallcd a lſiȜarblc cureth the bitingſ of ; any vcnomo_ngS)[ſſ)idcr?if bcingpraw 1252?1?5 a;ſſflfif der in the middeſt, and fo applyed (aſ Galew ſaith.) Annoint the whole body with a liquid Cerote, and foment the place affected. with Oyle wherein 77 rzfizli"um Bituminoſum ga(h beene mf&d, or bath it often with Spongieſ ſoked in warme Vineger : then prepare & make re8by cataplaſmeſ of theſe Ingredientſ following ; that iſ, of Knot—graſſe, Scala Ce— . Li, called Salw_mm-ſhalc, Leckeſ, Cheeſillor Branne decoGed in Vineger, Barley—Mcale and Bay—berrieſ, and the leaueſ boyled in Wine and Hony. Some doe alſo make Cata— plaſmeſ ofRue or herb. grace, & Goatſ dung tempered with vvineſi__Cvprcs, Maigerom and wilde Rue with Vineger. An emplaſter of A/@lepiadeſ . Take of the ſeedeſ of wildſ Ruc, and Rocker—ſeedſ, Szaneſackre, Roſemary—{cedeſ, Aguuſ—CGaituſ, Appleſ and Nutſ or in ſtead of theſe two, of the leaucſ of the Cipreſ—tree, of each alike , beateand temctpc; theim altogether with vineger & hony. Aziv, Apply the decoction of Lupineſ ypon the affected place, the eſchar being firſt remonued,chen annoint it in the ywarme Sun—ſhine, or againſt the fire with the fat of a Gooſe tempered with wilde Rue and. Oyle, or elſe of the pap of Barly, and the broth of Lupineſ make a cataplaſine. Oribaſiuſ.. 'The Filberd—Nut thatgroweth in India, healeth the bytingſ ofthe Phal/angieſ, Autcenna, Goateſ dung dif ſolued with other conuenient Cataplaſmeſ , and Qyle of Worma—woeod, and the inyce offigſ 'r}elpcch much. X/27@deſ. Apply oftentimeſ a cold peece ofitron to the place . Pee truſ de Albano. Foment the place very often with the inyce oftheHerbe Plantine. Hi/de— ardtſ, Borhy a ® & The artificiall Oyle of Balme iſ ſingular. Ewexizuſ . A fomcntation made of the leaueſ and ſtalkeſ of 2wperatoria called Maſter—wort, and/ continiied a good{ſpace': or elſe Vernaine bruiſed and ſtamped , the inyce being taken in wine, and further,:the hearb outwardlyapplyed, iſ much commended of Turnciſer. Beateand ſtampe Hearb—agrace | with Garlicke and ſome Oyle, and apply it outwardly. Celſwſ . There beebut afevy particularcureſ for the bytingſ of Spyderſ that Phyſitionſ mention : yet ſome they doe, although the generallbee moſt effectuall . P/zyagainſt the byting of the Formicarien or Piſmire—ltkePhalexgie, that hath a red head, commendeth much another, phaloygie of the fime kind, onely to be dhewed to the wounded patient to looke vpon, and to bekept for the ſame purpoſe, though the Spydet be found dead. Alſo, a young W eaſell dryed, and the belly thereofſtuffed with Coriander—ſeede,and ſo kept till it be very old and ſtale, anddrunke in wine, being firſt beaten.to powder , iſ likewiſe good for the fame intenti— on. » iſ { ſ 5} 3nS e&yermr ogen A ,»0oid There iſ a certainelittle beaſt called Ihwenmon, of ſome itiſ called Mdwſ Pharadai/ſ,Pha— proeſ Mopſe,aodfor the enmity vnto Serpentſ,it iſ called Ophiomorchuſ, (aſ Bellonitiſxepor— teth)being bruiſed and applyed ro the byting ofany.VVaſpedlike—Phalangic, dovhviterly take away the vemone of them..It often entereth and ſearcheth out tbeſcatſ andholeſ of venomouſ Spiderſ and lelmgies,_aſſndſſiſ it finde, any of them,—ſhee:baleth and tuggeth | them cleane away aſ a Piſimire doth a ſmall graine of Corne : andif the Phalengieoffer a — ny reſiſtaunce, the /hwewmon ſparing no labout, pulleth her the!contrary way' ; and by thiſ ſtruggling and ſtriuing, ſometimeſ it fo falleth out that the Ahrewmon iſ weatied,and then ſhe breatheth a little, and gathering new ſtrength and courage, ſetteth againe vpon the Phalangie with a fteſh alault, and woundeth her many timeſ, fo that atlength ſhe ca— rieth her to her ownelodging there to be devoured. he . If the Tarantula haue hurt any one, the beſt remedy iſ toſtyrre and exerciſc the body continually without any intermiſſion, whereaſ in all hurteſ that are cauſed by any other Spyderſ, reſtand quierneſſeare the beſt meaneſ (aſ Celſuſ affrmeth,) Bur their Autidote iſ Muſicke and finging. oaerupuicuin kt aadonth ot y . LZ'ZZ_;}aphorw deg Ho%u* ſtiſ counſelleth to takeforth with Therieaſ Andromachi without any delay. He alſo aduiſethto take Bqt:cr_._rſſqmpcxcſi_d vyithHony;, and lh'c rooteof Saf, fron in VW ine. Hiſ propper Bezoar.( ſaith he)or the greene Bertiegor ſcedeſ of the Len— tiſke—urce. Ponzertaſ in hiſ booke Devenentſ, adviſethtorake teagrayneſ of the Lentiſk. tree in Milke, or an ounce and a halfe.of the iuygc QfMulk-bcrcy—lcaucsct GLC. 3 In 258— '"The Hiſkory of Serpentſ. In the enticaſe of the griefe, he cureth them with Agaricke , or the VW hite Vine : and aftermuch ſweating, they are to be comforted and retreſhed or ſtrengthened with colde Medicineſ, aſ with the Water of Poppy, and the like (Aeralſ ſaith) they are to be remc—= died with the ſtone of Muſicall Inſtrumentſ, dauncing, ſinging and colourſ : concernin the threeformer I will not contend , but howe they ſhould receine any pat of helpe or health from vewing of any coloutſ I doe not well vnderſtand : confſidering that the eyel ſight of all thoſe that are bitren of a Taramzula, iſ quiretaken away, orthey ſee but ob. ſcurely, aſ being mightily deceined in their obiectſ. Andreaſ Matthioluſ in hiſ Commentatieſ, vppon the ſixth booke of Didſcorideſ Chap. 40.reporteth a verie ſtrange ſtory of a cerraine Hermit, hiſ olde friende and acquain. | rance dwelling neere vnto Rome, who cured all thoſe who were bitten or hurt of any ye= nomotſ W ormeſ or Serpentſ, which in thiſ laſt place I will inſert (although ſome may fay that it iſ needleſſe;, and belongeth not at all to thiſ diſcourſe in hand , or elſe will not belecue it.) For when aſ any ofthe Inhabitantſ in thoſe partſ were wounded of . any poy— ſonouſ Serpent, by a Meſenger forthwith fignified the ſame to the old Hermit "who by and by demaunded of the Meſſenger whether he could be content to rake or drinke any Medicine in the ſtead of the ſicke patient : which if the other aſſented too , promiſing to takeit,the Hermit commaunded him without any further delay, to pull off hiſ right foot ſhoc, and to ſet hiſ foore on the carth, drawing a line round about the foot with hiſ knife: then he willed him to take away hiſ foote, and withinthe ſpaceof the line ſo marked, he wirit or engraued theſe wordſ following. Caro Caruze, /anum reduce, reputata ſanum, E— manuel paracletuſ. Then immediatly he pared away the earth with the fame whittle, ſo that all the Chat racterſ were quite defaced, putting rhe ſame earth into a litrle earthen veſſell full o Wa— ter, letting it there ſo long remaine,vntil the carth ſunke to the bortome : Laſtly he ſtray= ned the water with a peece of the Meſſengerſ ſhirt, or ſome other Linnen thathee wore next to hiſ Skin; and being ſigned with the ſigne ofthe croſſe, gauc it him todrinke : but ſurely (faith Muzzh/oluſ) it waſ marneylouſ ſtrange, and a wonderfull thing to conſider, how thatthe wounded patient waſ petfectly healed,euen at that very houtre and moment oftime, that the Meſſenger tooke the aforeſaide potion of the Hermit , aſ it iſ plainely ,— k?zowſic ynto my ſelfe; and to all the people that dwellround about in that Tertitory or Shire. And thuſ much of thiſ heremiticallcuration by the way . Now will I come into my path againe. A man may find a great ſort, both of theſe, and the like remedieſ both in P/i— my, Dioſcorideſ, and other concerning the hurtſ of Spiderſ, but I'thinke Thaue beene a lit— tle to tediouſ, and you may imagine that I do nothing but 72 aryachiva hiphaincin, Araneſ arumtelaſ texere : That iſ, In a frigolouſ matter and of (mall moment ſpend infinite and curiouſ labout : ſo that Thad more neede to craue pardon for my long diſcourſe about thiſ ſubie&; wherein though many thingſ may want to the ſatiſfaGion of an affliGted & ſearching head, yet T am ſure here iſ inough to watrant the diſcharge of my good will; & 45 to repell the cenſure of the ſcrupulouſ'ſ & Nunc imuſ ad illam Artificemſ, menſ noſtra cui eit tonformiſ, Arachnem Que medio tener k reſidenſ in ſtamine tele QuAferit euruſ atrox, trepidat Colitantibuſ autiſ Tangitur, vereſondo vaguſ illi byſſuſ ab aſtro. InEngliſh thuſ; SED ſT Vnto Arachne, Skilfull miſtriſſe let vſ come, : Towhom conformed ſeemeſ the mind of man, _ 3 a *—» She fitſ in middeſt of web, hey tender feet vpen — ſ 59 Whileſſbeiſ toſt with Eeftwind now and than,' V She trembleth at the noyſe ofratlingwindſ, Aſwhen the humming Fly hard wagging findſ. | Of the S}zffyaſſſeiſi. 359 OF THE TAME OR HOVSE— — iSppder.. Riſtotle, that diligent ſeatcher and ſceker out of Natureand naturall cauſeſ, termeth thiſ kind of Spyder a very gallant & excellent wiſe creature; King Salonon himſelfe, at whoſe high wiſedome all ſteceeding ageſ haue and willadmire , a— mongſt thoſe foureſimall creatureſ, which in wiſedome doe out—ſtrippe the greateſt Phyloſopherſ, reckoneth the Spyder for one, dwelling (aſ heſaith) in Kingſ tourtſ, and there de— uiſing and weauing hiſ inimitable webbe. The Poctſ fayne thatthe Spydercalled ArAchae , waſ in timeſ paſt Amayden CEfnommiomionine, of Eydia , who becing inſttuGed of Mixerwain the cunning Skill of Embroidcrie and ſpynning,grew therein ſo excellent, and tooke ſuch a pride in the ſame; (for you muſt remember ſhe waſdwoman) that ſhee ſtifly denied , facingit ont in brauing—wiſe, that Mizerwawaſ neucr the Inſtrucer, and ſo attogaorpreſumptcouſ ſhce waſ, aſ that ſhe feared not to challengeher Miſtreſſe:Goddeſſeto worke withhcr, if ſhee 20 ? ?(rſi for her eareſ enter the lyſt, in all manner of Embroidery, Tapeſtty—workeſ, and the ike. | * At which, Miſtreſ Adgneywa becing netled, and taking the matter in dudgeon thuſ to be pronoked, and withallreprehending the mayde very ſharply for her ſaucineſ, in i peſting. chafe ſhe brake all to peeceſ the wencheſ imagery worke, that waſ ſo curiouſly wouen,ge ſofullof varictie, with her ſhittle.' The Mayde heercat becing ſore gtceued, Halfe in de— ſpayrenorknowing what to doe, yeelding to paſſion, would needeſ hang herlelfe . "But Minerwataking compaſſion vppon herſ would not have herdieforth—with, but tranſfor. med— herinto a Spyder, hanging by a fine ſmall thred or line. VHD 36 touwblorbd Atg,itavine quidem, pende famen, improba, dixit; LexÞ, eadem pana, ne ſiſſocurafiituri— — 5 fay I Ditta two generi, ſeriſy, nepotibuZeſto: (ImEngliſhithuſ; i \, 5 Soline indeede, yet hang, thouwoman vile _ She [aid, atid let the ſeife—ſame law of puniſoment Be wnto thee and all thy ofepring , while Allkindred laſtſ: ſhallnot furureſ thee conterif} ! * if any be deſitrouſ to knovw more of thiſ fable, let him read the famouſ Poct Outd,who 40 hath excellently written thercof in the'ſixth booke of hiſ Metamorphoſiſ, although ſome " what differing from thiſ of Pligyi The Grizecianſ befideſ doe write, aſ Celinſ Rodeginuſ in hiſ 7. booke Leetionum Antig: chap. 16. affirmeth, how that there waſ in the Countty of Attienacertaine mar called Phaſemx, who had alſo @a Siſtetr named ſiAraclme,S; _vvbſſcp Pha— lanx had p&rſſſc&ly Iearned of Minerthaxathe Mxli;arſſ-&icncc, aſ}d a]{.o'tþcr warllkect exerci— ſeſ and officeſ thatbeclong'to a Sotildiour, and tharſhee Had likewiſcinſtru@ed hiſ Siſter (Arachneitvweauing)ſpyrining ) andneedle—worke; thFY canlctgdcd amatchbetweene themſelueſ, but the Goddefle bcfinſig mitich diſpleaſed with ſuch af ſhamefull apd 1pccſh- ouſmartiage, martiti} their faſhion, ſhee diſfigured them both into the 11umbcſſſſ9f crec. ping erearureſ}laying thiſ aſ a inſtpuniſhment ypon them,;to be dſic_ſiroycd of their owne © y by irmſcd vo 1G .3 4,-ſi & 7 E $© y Vlfzſ:lgc i(: l\-ſif:ſit criery/m@anſ choyſe to interprete theſe to bC_CYthsſſ fableſ and Cſſ{]fctbunz taleſ, oreruc hiſtoricallnarration Sryermoſtare of thiſ mind, that Aradme figi mFmZ' ſpyrningoflynnen, weauing, and working wich the necdlc,tvvh!ch thiſ m}?)ſi cfo Lydit firſt Icatned from theSpyderſ; traking her firſt ſamplerſ and parternſ from them for itmira— + 3 inketo be t C "playſtering or working i ich "ofſ. thinketo be &tange,ſiththe traft Qf piay 2 & tion thxch nomanought to 5 > thmgſi:— The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. thingſ in earth, and the Art of curing the eyeſ, waſ firſt taken from the Swalloweſ, The Eagleſ haue taught vſ ArchiteZure, and men f_irſt' receiued t.hF light of Phlebotomie or letting of blood from the Z@ppopotamuſ , which iſ a Beaſt llum.g in the River of Niluſ; hauing feere like an oxe, and hiſ backe and mane like a horſe, with a winding tayle y and tuſked like a Bore. The byrd of Egypt called 25 , firſt gaue knowledgeto Phiſitianſ how to vſe the Gliſter ; yea; doggeſ, Goateſ, Hartſ, Storkeſ, Swalloyeſ and WWeaſcllſ, taught men many medicineſ for many diſcaſeſ. 5 . To beginne therfore to make an enumeration of their prayſe.s, Iwill declare vnto you, | the rich yertueſ and externall goodſ of the body, forrune and mind. And firſt to beginne with the good gyſtſ of their bodieſ. If you will weigh and.conſidcr the matter and ſub. ſtance of a Spyderſ body, you ſhall find it to belight, pertaking much qſ fire and ayre,(be— ing two of themoſtnoble and effecSallelementſ in operation)and hauing but little earthy diſiaggincs anddtofſic refuſe. Ifyou behold the}r figurc, they þauc eythFr a Sphzricalland hcaucnly, or at leaſt—wiſe an OQuall forme, which iſ next to the Sph;zrlcall , aſ bccing the perfecteſt of all other, Beſideſ, theyr ſubſtance iſ thinne, fine, glyſlering and ſubtile, yea although they ſeeme now and then to befatted vp Wlſith' plenty of meate , that they grow aſ bigge in bulke aſ a Wallnut, and if the learned Gardar may be eredited, they growe o. ther—whileſ aſ greataſ a Spartrow : yer for all that,if you caſt your eyc on them againſt the light, banging in their webbe, ſhe glirterethand ſhineth on all partſ like vato the Chriſo— lite, which iſ a kind of preciouſ ſtone; ſhining with a golden colour quite thoctrow,cauſing 20 a pleaſant reflexion to the cyeſ, and piercing them with ſinguler delight. The colout of a Spyder iſ ſome—what pale, ſach aſ Owid aſcibeth to Lonerſ , and when ſhec hangeth aloſt in her webbe, with her leggeſ wide and largeſpread abroadc, face perz fealy and linely expreſſeth the ſhape and proportion of a painted ſtarre : aſ if Nature had intended to giue and beſtow on her, not onely the reſemblance & counterfeit fimilitude ofhcauen, butalſo the very luſter of the ſtarreſ themſelueſ.. The ſkinne of a Spyder iſ (o ſoft, ſmooth, exquiſite, pure, clraneand neare, that it farre ſurpaſſech by many degreeſ, the poliſhed ſkinneſ of thoſe may dſ that haue the Greene—ſickneſ,or thoſe young whoreſ that are ſo carefull in ſparing no coſt to preſerue their beautieſ ; And it iſ of ſuch crecreneſ and perſpicuitic, that it. will. caſilie repreſent the viſageand. phiſpomie of any beholder of 36 it, much like voto a fine giaſſe. Further, it hach fingerſ,, for allthe world ſuch aſ faire vir— ginſ deſire to haue, that iſ to Gy,long,foundand ſlender, beeing. alfo endued with the moſt exquiſite ſence of touching that poſſibly can be imagined, inſomuch that it farre ſur— mounteth any mortall man liuing,and allother exeatureſ in the world beſideſ, according to that old and common yerſe, tnf Rin o 5 e hatie PA E Noſ aper anditupr acellit, Ardneatacty PVultur odorata, LJnx viſu, Simia guſtu >— (Whichmaybe englithed thuſ; | i 2—+ 1oto4 (1 5 odeTo heare,the Bore;to touch, the Spyderuſexcellſ, i | ge . The Linx to ſeeythe Ape to faff,tg Vadturefor the ſmellſ. Athathalſo feete, but yet notſuch a multitude aſ Scolopendraeſ haue, nor yetnoneat all, aſ themeaneſt ranke and ſort of ereatureſy noryet ſixe oinely, aſthe common fort of infe&ſ: butithath eyghtſa number which the meaneſt Sophiſtercin:Cambridge tan re— ſolue, iſ nexttothe perfeSeſt of all numberſ, and theſe feete conſiſting of aſeſquitertiall proportion, which of all Mathematicianſ iſ eſtecmed to be wonderfull and admirable, ſo thatalhough the hinder be ſhorter then thefore—leggeſ,yet notwithſtanding they retaine amutuallliarmonie; equalitie, and emblable—concordance . Many Phyloſopherſ have not dared to affirme that they are blind, but they themſelueſ in thiſ poynt aremeoſtblind: For ifthey be deprived of their eyeſ and/eye—ſight, I} wouldfaine bereſolued hovy. they 5 could makechoyce of ſuch aptand conuenient placeſ for theyrhunting trade; and vyith what guide, Captaine or Director they doc knit, faſteri and tye one thred to. another 5 in ſuch admirable order, ranke and range; aſ the excellenteſt worke—men in the world ſtand amazed at —Or elſ how they can come to the knowwledge when theyr webbeſ are broken by, Of the Spyder . ® 51 by chatince, or baue the Skill to mendthem, becing eyther ſhaken or buiſt in ſunder. Be— ſideſ, wemay allobſerue by our owne experience, that if one take a fiye , and hold her at the ſideofthewebbe, the familiar;tame,or domeſticall Spyder cſpyin'g her, will make all the haſbſhecan chroughthickeandthinne, yea though ſhe be farre off, and will boldly ac. ſayleand d'cluouſſrcſihcr,and will (aſ a man may ſay) take her out of your handeſ into her owne, which thing I haue often ſeene done. Sutely therfore thoſe perſonſ are halfe blind, who ncxt_hcr can concerue not ſee, that Spyderſ can ſec. . Now in that a Spyderſeemeth to ſome to be an vglie and lothſome creature, and cuen arthedirſbſight to bedeteſtedimregard itiſ ſo miſhapen, I willnot impute thiſ to any de— br fe&or default thatizin their formedr proportion ," buv I rather aſcribe it to their excece dinggrearmiclancholy:for thiſ humour iſ moſt predominant in them) & to their ſtrange luſting or longing,by'reaſon of nanghty bumourſ gathered about the mouth of the fi%- macke, yea, and tochcitlacke of ſtay & moderationin their luſtſ and affedionſ. For they are no leſle bchqldingctto Nawre for th;iſ eleganciey handſome and proper feature, then tl}c Butter—flyc, or any other cut— waſtwhatſlocuer. Toconclude thiſ poynt, G O Dhath giuen and beſtfowed vpponthiſ ſtrange and admirable body , aſ ſtrange and admirable diſpoſitionynature, and/conſtitution 66 the »Skinne:For a Spyder changeth herſkin , not { once oncly ina yeereſ ſpace, (aſ Viperſ doe) but onee inthe ſpace of a month ſhe rencw— eth it, (ifſhebowellfeddeand not hungei—ſtatued) and putreth on a new ligve and ſkinne, ad and the ſameiin all poynetſ morc feſh, cxquiſite and neate , then the old ſkinne which ſhee } cattwfe. o 5 tyiÞoo [oifucr rov Amongſtthe bleſſiogſ of Fortuncyorrather Fateſ Teſteeme thiſ to be the excellenteſt } that iſ conferred vpon them,;in that they beare about with them an inexhauſted matter or fubſlance inthecir bellyeſ to make infitite webbeſ, yea ſuch a marter aſ can nenerbe con— fumed, waſted or ſpent; of which they have ſuch foyſon, aſ they areable to drawe out in lengthandbreadtl, and to ſpinne and deuiſeinnumerable thredſ and ſtuffe to make and finiſh theyr cobwebbeſ of, o that if a hundred flyeſlight in them;they'are of force ſuffici— ent ſo to entangle and enſharetbem all, aſ they ſhallnener get out againe. Furthermore, althonghthcy haue neither foodenot ſuſtenauniee layd vp in Barneſ or Storchouſeſ , —aſ 30 Piſmireſ haue, nor yet any meate ſetor ſowed for them aſ Beeſ hane , but get theyr com— monſ onely by taking of bootieſ caſtally, by huntingat all aduentureſ, and by chauncea— ble preyeſ, yet doe they ſatiſfie nature, and expellhunger, by meaneſ of that hazardonſ and ſuddaine ſpoyle ;and ſometimeſ you ſhall fee themgrowne very thicke; farte and vn— wicldic, by reaſon of theſegood diſheſ, aind fat meffeſ of meate which they can purchaſe ' by their oyvne good—wary huſbatidryZ orby any meaneſ can lay on, and catch into their claweſ. : } Leor * | b Beſideſ I muſt tell you that Spyderſ hauc not the leaſt beniefir of Formuneſ fauour be— ſtowed vpon them , when aſ beeing inglutted with courtly viandſ, they have beene glad to exchangelodgingſ with an old GCourtier, called Padagrſ, or the Gowte , for it Skilleth not whether oftheſetwo nameſ you will chuſe. For you haug heard before, the wiſe king } Salomen to have given them'the moſt prime and chiefeſt placeſ in Princeſ Courtſ , that ſhe might be an abſolure parterne and preſident of wit, wiledome, moderate frugality and vertuc, and in dinerſ poyntſ of regiment they might be our direGorſ for imitation. Fur— ther;beginning theit cobwebſ, they have wholy bent and applyed themfelueſ to theyr moſt ingeniouſ weauing trade , they bauce given themſelueſ to cutiouſ and ſuperſtitiouſ hunting, to captiouſ takinig araduantage, watching and eſpying their prey, nothing at all we ie fearing any ambuſheſ; tteacherieſ,;tfappeſ or treaſonſjand no whit dreading any a{IZzult;7 miich leſſe tyumpheſ: and to ſpeakebriefely, the wiſeſft creature of _thc\fvl_ſcſt King, beaw reth a greatſtroke, cominereth,and hath.(I may ſay) the ſole ſoucraigntic in the moſt no— go ble, greateſt, and ſtaxcliſi:ſſſt_courrs o_fſſPrin;cſſs. a — i dfollowed And yet for all theſevertceſ, (ſince Salomonſtime) there hane riſen vp and followed ſome Princeſ and Gonernourſ, vnaduiſed, deſperately naught, and vnthriftie » and ſuch aſ were nor well in their witſ, and of thoſe it canvor caſily beſpoken how churl}ſhly they heyr proclamationſ and warrantſ, to cprh the S_pyn er.foore , vndoce and kill, aſ :xmghr-tlncctfc[;ſſ wit enterrained her, how theyſentout t der, to caſther downe to the earth , tread vnd The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. with becfomſ, broomeſ, bruſheſ and long poleſ, ſo that by and by in a trice, there locked certaine Furieſ of hell, (for ſo I thinke I may iuſtly terme them)rubbing, bruſhing, ſpun. ging, making cleaneſlutſ—cornerſ, beating and ſweeping together 5 and whatſocuer they found curiouſly wrought, all that cither they ſwept clcane_ away, or tore allto peeceſ, ſo that bardly they could eſcape the bufic becſomſ of theſe quick—ſighted and lewd naughty— ackſ. P Surely, miſerable waſ her condition and eſtatc,whicþ ijio all th_ac abundance of wealth, ſhe onely becing indigent and bare, deteſting idleneſ withall, m}ght not yet be admitted tenant for ſome ſhort terme of time, in ſome ſinall odde corner;inſtch large and ſpaciouſ buildingſ, nor yet find one hole to line at peace in. Againe; thegreatmen ; the rich my. ſerſ and penny—fatherſ, following the example of their Princeſand. Gonernoutſ, they in like ſort ſent packing out of their dooreſ, the Schoolg:-mllſtrcſſc,hfſizl{:labour, diligence & vertue, and will not permit a webbe; the very patterne, index;andanathema of ſuperna— turall wiſedome, to remaine vntouched; b3brH tnab\ of a t Thiſ fame Spyder which now wetreate of,in timeſ paſt » (inwaſ when doggeſ & catſ could ſpeake, for now becauſe there areſo many languageſ imnthe world, they turne all to plaine barking) tooke a long iourney into a ſtrarige.Country; and by good hap., fell into company with my Lady Pedagra, although (becing none of the beſtfooterſ;) ſhee could hardly keepe way with the Spyder; but legged ſtill behind , and! hauing now ſpent one whole day in traucll; the night approching thatthey ſhould rake vp their Innc to lodge in, they reſolued betwixt them two to betake themſelueſ to ſundry houſeſ ; ſo the Spyder enteting the Towne, tooke vp her lodging in the houſe of a certaine wealthy Cittizen, (I ſuppoſe it waſ neere the ſigne of the three Tunneſ in Tower—hill—ſtreete, ) where when according to her vſuall manner, hating lewd idleneſ, ſhee began to buck!e herſelfe to her wonted taſke, in weauing her fine Tapiſtrie, and other wrought workeſ, becing ſuddenly eſpyed of a company of Corner—creeperſ, Spyder—catcherſ, Fault—finderſ , and Quarrell. pickerſ, they preſently begirine to expoſtulate the marter with her, & not ſtaying to heare any reaſon for het inſt defence, they: madeno more adoe but gaue her Tack—drummeſ cn. terrainement, thruſting her out of dooreſ by the head and ſhoulderſ, to ſecke herlodging where ſhecould find it ; ſo.that ſhe layabroad without dooreſ a whole W interſ—night in the raine andcold : and all thiſ happqncd about Saint Nicholaſ time , when dayeſ areat theſhorteſt. I b5 } Now in the meane ſpace, Podagra, hauing none of the beſt—feete , but indeede beeing ſome—whatlame; when ſhe could—trauaile no further , ſhee by chaunce light into a poore Cottage or cabbin of turfleſ, builded with Elder—poleſ at the T owneſ end, and yet in thiſ poore ſhed ſhe could hardly be receined, but yet at length, through her inceſſant ſollicita— tion becing admitted, ſhe ſate downe to reſt her weary boneſ, ſo at length; ſupper becing prepared, the tender—harted Lady found courſe fare, and commonſ farre ſhorter & more homely,then euer Zip//=: found in Weſ/phaiiſ : ſtic indured all the miſerieſ in the W orld, that pittic it waſ to ſee. There waſ no infelicitie, no diſtreſſe, miſformune and advuerſity to be compared ynto herſ, for there waſ nothing but a llittle browne Barly—bread ſerte on the boorde to ſuppe withall, which thiſ nice peece ſo muich miſliked and abhorred, aſ thatat the very ſight thereof ſhee waſ ready to diſgorge her—queaſie ſtomacke , then waſ there brought ſome cockicrowne keale,hauing no good reliſh, for they were not ſeaſoned with ſalt, ſothat they were in taſte very vnroothſome, & when they ſhould drinke, they fetcht alittlecold water out of a pitte or pond, neere adioyning to the houſe in a wodden—diſh, whereof if Miſtrefſe Podagra had ferched but one ſourtd carouſe, it would haue made her runne through an Alphabet of faceſ : but there waſ noxremedy , hunger breaketh ſtone— wallſ, and hard neede makeſ the old wife trotte , thee muſt cither quench her thirſt yyith that, orfaſt. —In C) Hauing thuſ thinlie ſupped , ſhee called for her Chamber , where they ſhewed her to 5* clymbe yp a Ladder, (you would haue taken it to haue beene the fleaſ ladder,) & behind a corner there waſ prouided a bed ſtuffed with good VV heate—chaffe in ſteed of Downe, to harden her byde, and vnder her head a hard Oken—logge, with the W innow—cloth, and the one end of an old Hop .bagge,caſt oucr in ſteed of a Coucrlet,{for the poore man ſ t & and "*—**———————*——*——*——— Hg,o 61 $ iSPunp a © Sachanged he hiſ meate and hiſ iſuppere» %< Of the Spyder. and hiſ wife, thought that none but the Lord ofthe Towne, & women in child—bed vſed pilloweſ.) But Podagra not knowing how to mend the matter, groned & madealamen— table noyſe, and fetching a thouſand ſigheſ,ſhe couched herſelfe downe. But alaſ what ill reſt ſhe poore hart tooke that night, and how ill her ſoft and tender limmeſ agreed vvith ſuch cold cheere and entertainement, I teferre my ſelfe to your ſecrete thought. So ſoone therefore aſ the day bepan to breake, ſhe ſtatted vp; and the Spyder and ſhe met together againe at the appointed time and place: and firſt of all the Spyder beganne muchto com— plaince of the inciuilitie of the rich chuffehiſ hoſt the Cittizen: Podagra cotrariwiſe found aſ much or more fault with the ſhort and ſharpe commonſ, thinfc dyet, miſerable poucr— i tie, and indigencie of hiſ poore, bare and leane hoſt; ſhewing her blacke and blew markeſ and printſ, into whoſe render ſkinne the bordeſ and planckſ had made a deepeimpreſi— on. For which cauſe;becing both muchdiſcontented, after the matter waſ thoroughlie debated betwixt them two, they determined and reſolued with themſelueſ, that the night following they would change hoſteſ and Inneſ, that iſ, that the Spyder ſhould enter into ſome poore:—Cottageſ, or houſeſ of poore men; and Podagrſ ſhould bend her courſe vnto Noble and great menſ houſeſ, to Kingſ courtſ & princely Pallaceſ;to ſee what good waſ to be done there.. So Podragſ not becing vnmindfull of her word, wentwith afine and Snayle—like pace to the houſe of a certaine far, rich, and well—monied man, & quicrly laid herſelfe downe at the feete ofthiſ corſieſire: which aſ ſoone aſ the gentlehoſtcaſtan eye yvpoo, it iſ ſtrange to tellwith what mildneſſe, with what alurement andgentleentreatic, with what promptitiide and alactitie ſhee waſ welcommed; they prepared ſoftpallatſof Downe for herto lye vponythe Bedſtedſ and the Settleſ whereon ſhee ſhould ſireſt , were couered with nilloweſ; ſoft cuſhionſ, andcarpetſ of Perſia , the kitchen ſimokeſ!; andall thingſ ateim a readineſ to giye heramoſtfriendliewelcome. Accordingtothewordeſ of the Poct, where he ſaith ; Iam dapibuſ menſaſ onerant et pocala penunt. ſ TIn Engliſh thuſ: i nſod Spredure the tableſ, and laded with lore 30 Of delicateſ, the cupſ filled, could reveine nomore. Bricfely, hee waſ in all poyntſ forperſon and protifion ſuchaborie , aſ Chancer in hiſ workeſ deſcribeth hiſ Franklin to be. '©White waſ hiſ beard aſ the Daiſie, 3?0 (And of complexion he waſ ſamguine, '© Wellloned he bythemorrow 'n ſoppe in wine Tolinenindelight waſ ener hiſ won, "©Eor hewaſ Epicizeſ ownet ſonne, That held vpinion; that plaine delight; —— Waſ very felicitic pavfite. FCTES "I1n houſbolicſy and that deveat waſ hee, bo Suint LInlianthe waſlin hiſ Gonntrec, . DoElSbread, hiſ ale) waſ alwiyafter one, **** —© Abetter viended man wiaſ hener none. V — : Without balie—meante waſ }ieuler hiſ h?f&;rctſſ ſoloc Of fſp andfieſh, and that ſoplenteouſe, * __ 7 gil ?[ſi}zſfwd {Z}/Zs houſe of meate and drinbey | 70 YODC ! Ofall daintieſ that men could thinke! DAIE] boirfrertheſwundyyſcaſonſof theyeere, * ipillmany a fxt Partrich had he in nwt, Andmainy a Breame, ©—many a Luce 1!. ſ ſtue, o Woe waſ hiſ Cooke, but hiſ[amwec ener were; Poynunt and ſharpe, and ready Althiſ gere. I he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Hiſ table dormaunt in hiſ Hall alway Stoode ready conered all the long day, Nay, hether thy brought fat and crammed Caponſ,Pheſantſ,Quaileſ, Turtle—doneſ, Larkeſ, and Nitingaleſ. I paſſe ouer Turbot or Byrt, Gilt—headſ, Sturgion, Saimondſ, Soaleſ, and the like, for they were not vnfurniſhed of all theſe, and of other ſtore of ſhell— fiſh, aſ Lobſterſ, Creuiſheſ,Oyſterſ, and whatſoeucr the Sca yeelded that might by louc ormoney be purchaſed : for I will not ſpeake of a great number of Riuer—fiſh and Fouleſ that are to be had about Pegeyborow, Wittleſey—mare, and thoſe Fenniſh—countrieſ, for thi— ther he ſent hiſ people to puruay for him all thatwaſ rare and daintie. Here waſ Reddc— 1@ wine, White, Claret, Muſcadell, Rheniſh, ſweet—wineſ, harſh—wineſ, wine of Falernam;, ofthce Ilandſ of Gret4, Chio, Madera, S& thoſe that are called Balcareſ, lying neere vnto the coaſt of Spayne. ! Toſpeake nothing of theit reare—ſupperſ, their fine Marchpaneſ and curiouſ confec— tionſ, made with ſundty deuiſeſ ,and exquiſite Skillof the Apothecaric. And to conclude, there waſ no wanton fare vnſought for, no delicate inncate , no curiouſ trimming and pickedneſ thatmight gratifie, no fayre wordſ, and pleaſant enticementſ fitte to draw and allure, nor no deleSation whatſocuer omitted,that might ſeeme to pleaſe thiſ great Lady Podagſ, (for you muſt ynderſtand ſhee waſ none of the courſeſt ſort of Ladieſ, wherecof _ there be many now adaieſ, for all men know ſhe waſ a gentlewoman borne , both by the 3 father and motherſ ſide, aſ becing the daughter of Bacehuſ and yenuſ,) and all thiſ, I ſay, waſ done, to pleaſe both her and her two ſweet Siſterſ, Chiragra and Congra, a poxe take them allthree, and ſo I will let them goe, and come to the Spyder , who likewiſe becing directed by fome fauourable Planet,boldly and luckily trudged to the poore—manſ houſe., , Ath ibimiro 3 Dogmate, quidve marem deceat, deceatd, maritam ; Addbcet, at g, ſuo ſeſe ſtudore ſaginat. * Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; : | And there by ſtrange inſtruionſ and documentſ, E She teacheth male and female how to line, 3© That iſ, both man and wife how to encreaſe their rentſ; a D>< . Whillt ſhe, on her owne ſiveat and fat doththrine, But ſome man may heere obieG & ſay, I ſee here no ſuch great bleſſingſ of Lady For— tune, more then beſideſ a bare commendation, and good happe in thiſ their exchange of lodging & lodgerſ. Yeſ ſurely,very much,not onely becauſe ſhe ſpendeth her dayeſ more freely and ſafely from danger,but alſo becauſe aſ out of a high watch—tower,ſhe no longer bcholdeth in the houſeſ of poore perſonſ, lauiſh and needlefſe prodigality , bankettingſ, quaffingſ, ryotting, playeſ, dauncing, dicing, and whoring , and a thouſand vanitieſ and villanieſ beſideſ, whereof ſhe knew herſelfe conſcionſ,and a privie witneſ vnto,whilſt ſhe 46 lined in the Hallſ and Bowerſ of the rich and wealthier ſort: who when they had thruſt cleane from houſe and home, and for euer baniſhed the S pyder, (the true Schoole—miſtreſ of induſtrie and frugality) ſtraight—wayeſ the lazic.Gowte called Podaga , arrcſted them. Had it not beene better for them.(thinke you) to haue gtaunted a dwelling place, to a ſa— ving, wiſe, prudent and harmeleſſelittle creature, then to haue given entertainement to ſuch a baſe, blockiſh companion and gueſt aſ the Gowte iſ ? Let not therefore,rich, coue. touſ men wonder, if many timeſ they be tormented with thiſ ſore griefe, ſith they vyill neither admit true Phiſitian nor Phiſicke, I meanc, trauaile;diligence,induſtry, modera— tion and paineſ—taking, with the like. » Now, to touch the rich and rare giftſ and graceſ of the mind, and other noble qualitieſ and diſpoſitionſ of Spyderſ, I know not whither I ſhould firſt beginne with the commen.. dationſ of their prudence, inſtice; fortitude, temperance , their Pbi[anthrdpia, Philoponia, Autarkeia, their humanitie and louc—towardſ men, their ſtudiouſ induſtry and louc of la— boutr, their contentation aſ hauing ſufficient, and coucting no more then iſ allotted vnto them. Theyr wittineſſe, pollicic, quickneſ and ſharpneſ of ſence, their cleannic ncatcn_esſi i wwit! 0 1 Of the Spyder., t 265 with many otlier vertueſ, o elſc her admirable cunning and ſSkilfulneſſe in their i trade. Their prudence, ſagacity, and wittineſ to conicfg}ucc thingeſ future , ai:p:ſſ;cr:ſi:ffig thiſ one thmg,_ that when great abouridance of} raine, floudſ, ſwelling and oucrflowingſ ofRiuerſ ,are like ſhoxtly_ to come to paſſe, and thereby to threaten houſeſ, they then b%. gin to build their webſ higher by a great deale; then their vſuall caſtome heretofore hath beene. And thiſ iſ another proofe of the ſame, in that they weaue not at all in a cleare Sun—ſhine.day, or when it iſ faire and calme weather, when Elyeſ are moſt buſie in flyin about to and fro, that they may be the better atleaſure to givethemſelueſ to hunting ang warching after them, to take aduantage, and if any chance tolight into theirnetſ, forth» to with to ſcize vpon them for thcirrepaſt. | a e — Againc, when houſeſ are ready to drop downe,they with their Copwebſ firſt of all fall, and get them away packing, altet their clymate to ſome other ſurer place and dwelſ ling toreſt in. If any thing touch her body that iſ hard or painefull,fhc immediatly draw—= eth vp her Leggeſ round on a heape : for thiſ end aſ I thinke, to feele the leſſe paine, and the better to prouide for the health and ſafety of her head, the ditreCor and gouctnor of the whole Body : for if any other partbe hurt, ſhe can caſily cure it . VVho hath manife. ſted and made knowne thiſ vnto them >Hach any Cha/dean Statrre— gazer , or figure—flin— ger» by the ſight and poſition of the ſtarreſ ſhewedit vnto them ? No certainely. But a dio uine prudence and forefecling knowledge, originally in—bredi by Nature to eſchewethat 20 which iſ hurifull,which iſ diffaſed into the Spyder,and aſ that famouſ Poct Virgiliuſ hack excellently deſcribed : t Spirituſ intuſ alit , totoſque infuſaper artiſ Menſ agitat molem. InEngliſh thuſ; Mind bredwithin,infuſed in alllimbeſ, Mind mooneſ the bedieſlump, and 3kinneſ, Furthermorc,ſo ſaone aſ they elpy their enemie to be caught in their netſ;they do nog 30 firſt of all bite and pricke bim to death iin any hoſtile manner, but they ſeeme with theyr feet gently and ſoftly to ſtroke him , yea cuen to entreat and allure him with tickling, and aſ it were clipping & colling, vntillthey haue throughly enſmarled him within their clam— my and viſcouſ ginſ, and becing at lengch wearicd, turmoyled , and tyred with ſtrugling and ſtriuing in vaine, the ſilly fly iſmadeynable cither to getaway,; ſtir, or reſiſt. So ha— uing made ſure worke with one, ſhe hyeth her to the Centerofher W eb, obſcruing and prying whether any newe prey willcome to hand againe : (o by thiſ pollicy you ſhall ſee ſometimeſ ten, yea otherwhileſ twenty flyeſ hanging aloſt by—their ſtringſ and fine ſpun thredſ. They onely feede on the iuyce of Filyeſ , and thedry carkaſewithout any moyſture, 40 they caſtaway aſ vnprofitable ſtuffe to be vſed about any buſineſſe . Morcoucr, becauſe the Female Spyder iſ ſometimeſ greater then the Male, therefore ſhee chuſeth her ſtan—= \ ding in the loy er part of the webbe, that the poore flyeſ may ſeeme earclefic of her, yet iſ ſhe very obſcruant, raking great heed to the : for they ſecing her hanging below ,chink— ing themſelueſ ſafe, do fly vp into the vpper part of the net,burby thiſ mearieſ ſecking to ſhun Charybdiſ,thcy fall into Scillſ,out of the ſmoke into the fire : for though in regard of her bodieſ magnitude, ſhe bee vnwieldy, and very vnfit to beſtit her ſelfein thiſ havting office : yetthe crafty Male—Spyder playing Bo.peepe , and—pretending fome:otherbuſt— neſſe, though minding anocher, playing the diſembling Hypoctite, l}ydcth himſeife in the toppe of theVebbe, noting vvell all occurrentſ, and being ſcene of no body,chere he 59 lurketh till ſome fſh (aſ we ſay) come to hiſ net,and hauing eſpyed hiſ prey, becing more light, quicke, and linely, it iſ a wonder to ſee, how diligent, vigilant, and earneſtly bent hce iſ to bend hiſ courſe vvithall expedition tovvard thiſ nevy offeted booty: for there hec vyill not ſuffer it very long to remayne, but deſcending in a tryce , Eyzo velocimſ, . aſ quicke aſ a Bec from the vpper ynto the loyver part (aſ I haue ſayde) of the Copweb, heemaketh a very quicke diſpatch , and hauing Bo()ilally feaſted himlelfe, heereſcrueth and 266 * T he Eliſtory of S erpentſ, gnd layerlivp all hiſ othet enemieſ imone place; hanging theall by one of hiſ own thredſ till ſome conuenient time to.:feaſt himſelfeagaine wichz]%. Thenabainewhenaſ by.redſon of longcontinuance andlength oftime,; the webſ—hane loſt their binding', viſcofiry; and tenaciouſ ſubſtange, either the Spydervniveaneththem againe;, orelſe confirmeth and new ſtrengchacth themaſicſh aſ it were; with another new plurinoſity, or faſtbynding clanimiveſſe. Thiſ their worke being fmiſhcd, they either containe themſelueſin thecen— ter of it, or kecping ſentinelland/wardinginthe vpper part, they hold agit werein theyr handſ a throd drawnefromythe middeſtorGenter, by which theyhaile eaſieagceſſe and receſſe to and fro to theinbeguling netſ; and withall thiſ thred ſerueth to anorher profi table vic, for if any prey bee enrangled by the light moouing andſtirring of it; they pre— ſentlyfecleand perceinueirt.: But yettomakeſure wotke, leaſtſhe ſhould —winddowne in vaine, or take boorleſſzlabour aboutnothing, ſhedtraweth backe the thredalitrienow & then, and by themotion and peizcofit , ſhc putteth all out of doubt, being fullyaſcertai— hed of thetruth. >> —=i nagigſd to vThenfirſt; withalbcelerity poſſibleſhee hieſ herto the Center, which thing the ſilly Aiyeſ being faſt, and hauing ſome ſence and feeling (aſ it ſhould ſ_e&:mf):hat th?y aretaken Tardieyandfordceming ſome hunt, are aſ quiet aſ a Mouſe in dtrappoe,making nonoyſe at all, leaſt eyther they might bewray or betray themiſelueſ, and ſo be further enfolden in danger>Bir alaſſe in vayne doth hee auoydewatte, that cannot enioy peace, and boot— lefle dothheſhunine payne that hath nowmeaneſ to feelo reſt : for thiſ auayleth: butlittle, 20 for they are not able withall theſe fetcheſ to deceiue their ſharp inquiſitorſ, for both with cyeſ and feet, chey finely and quickly run vnto them, making a cleane riddance & quicke dilſpatch of them eucry one, »TSS et Aiin 7 adt But yet it iſ more to conſider what great inſtice and equity iſ obſerued to be in Spyderſ. For there iſ not one of them ſo ill bent, ſo malepartly ſawey, and impudently: ſhameleſ, that can be (eene to lay claime vnto,ortotake awayanotherſ wifeor mate : there iſ none that entermedleth with anotherſ ſubſtance, buſineſſe; or weauing: euery one liueth con— tented by the ſweate of hiſ owne broweſ, by theirowne proper goodſ and induſtriouſ payneſtaking procured by their owne bodily labout »ſo that notone of them dare enter hiſ Neighboxſ frechold; but it iſ accounted a haynouſ imatter, and very valawfull , not 39 lone dateibe ſoknack—hardy aſ to breakeinto their friendeſ and felloweſ fence and encle. Sure, but itiſ enen dereſted aſ a wicked and curſed decede. |r 3 +x "'i *Nen ita mortaleſ, quoſ (prob dolery vryet habendi > Tantuſ umor,; domibuſ demuſ, aruiſ additur arnum, Monticiduſ monti, maribuſ mare, ſig poteſſint Addiderintmundum mundo, ſuad, omnia dixint. InEngliſh thuſ ; — , Thenwould not mortallmen [6 farre engag dinlone to hane — (A deathit iſ to thinke) houſe to houſe, and land to land to lay Hllocke to hill, ſeavnto ſea,to adde theycranſ, And if they could, worldvnto world, and all their ownewould ſay. : Againe they ſpread not their ginineſ and netſ to entrap and deceine good Creatuteſ, and ſuch aſ ſerne for manſ vſe and benefit; but for Wialpeſ, Horſe—flyeſ , or Gad—beeſ, and Brimſeeſ, or Oxe—flyeſ, that in Suymmber—time vex@Cattle :for Droneſ, Gnatſ, and otherFlyeſ, which to vſ arelike to Theeneſ, Paraſiteſ, Bawdeſ, Pandorſ, and ſuch Mer— chantſthat bring whooreſ and Knaucſ together, being Te/lyriſ watile pondwſ, an vopro— fixable burthen of the carth; ſeruing to no good vſe . Afnd beſideſ beingi@ vermine of ſin— guler, and incomporablecoutage,ſhc dare aduenture to gine the onſet vpon thoſeyoung Serpentſthatare called LySardeſ, whoifthey offer to contend and ſtrine apainſt her fury, ſhe quicklyenclaſpeth themiround about,and very nimbly and eagerly ſeizeth vpon both their lipſ, byting and holding them together ſo faſt, that ſhe neuer gineth oner till they be dead :and atlength hauing vanquiſhed hereniemieſ;ſhc like another Cereſ carrieth them into hercane, or ſommeſectetcorner. ' : ® t 50 Now *—*—*— — Of the Spyder. 267 Now ifit happen in thiſ hot bickerin gthat the netſ be cither broken, eritan gled, or plat— ted together, by and by withour further delay ſheefalſ to mending what waſ amiflc, to vnwind, ſpred open,& to ſet them again in duc order and frame very ingeniouſly.What ſay you'to thiſ ? That the Spyder beareth a deadly feude and mortall hatred to Serpentſ: for if o be the ſerpent at any time lie in Fc ſhadow vnder any tree to coole himſelfe wher Spyderſ do reſort, ſome one of the leuelleth direly at him,deſcending downe perpendi— cularly to the Serpentſ head, and with ſuch a violernice ſtriketh & daſheth at hiſ head with her beake or ſoout, that her enemy withall making a whizzing noyſe, and becing dryuen into a giddineſlecurning round, hiſſeth, beeing neither able to breake aſunder the thred 10 that commeth from aboue, nor yet hath fofce inough to eſcape it. Neither iſ thiſ ſpeda— cle or pageant ended, votill thiſ our champion with her battering , hath ſent her life to Pluto, the God of Hell for a preſent, Letmen therefore bee ſilent and ceaſe wandering at the ampbhithcarriall fightſ of the Romanſ, which were made with ſeatſ and Scaffoldeſ to behold playeſ and ſighteſ, and where were preſented to the Spectatorſ the bloudy fightſ of Elephantſ, Beareſ and Lyonſ, ſithence a ſmall Spyder dare challenge to the ficlde, & fight hand to hand with a black and blew Serpent, and not onely 'to comedowne to him in daring—wiſe , but alſo victoriouſly to tryumph ouer him, entirely poſſefſing all the ſpoyle. Who would not maruaile that in o ſmal or in a maner no body at all which hath neither boneſ nor ſinneweſ, nor fieſh,nor ſcarce any ſkinne,chere could be ſo greatforce, 20 fuch incredible andacity and courage, ſuch ſharp and hard bytingſ , and inuincible fury? Surely wemuſt conclude neceſſatily; that thiſ cannor proceede altogcther fi'om'thelr ya— liantſtomackſ, but rather from GOD himſelfe : In like fort,they dare buckle with toadſ of all ſorteſ, both of the Land and Wiaater, and in a ſinguler combate oucrthrow and de— ſtroy them, whichthing not oncly Plimy and Albertuſ doe recite }md fet downe foF acer— taine truth, but Zra/@@ſ alſo in hiſ Didlogue entituled De Amicitia , maketh mention of, reporting how a certaine Monke Tying faſtaſleepe, on whoſe mouth a foule Toade ſat, and yer by the Spydetſ mcaneſ waſ freed from all hurt . Yea, they date enter the com— bat with winged aird ſtinged Hornctſ, hauing not ſoft, butſtiffe bodicſ , and almoſt aſ hard aſ horne, who although ſhe many timeſ breaketh through theyr Cobwebbeſ with ' go mayne ſtrength (aſ Rich men vodoc and make away through Lawc; with Gold, ax1dctby tharmeaneſ many timeſ ſcape ſcor—free) yet for all that, atlength becing ouermaſteted hand to hand in ſingle combat, and entangled and enſnatied ch_h-thc binding pſi}ſhnctcſſ&ſi and—renaciouſ gluyſh ſubſtance of the web, ſhe payetha deere price forhcr breaking into anotherſ houſc and poſſcſſion, yeelding at length to the Spyderſ mercy— +I willnot omit their temperance, a vertue in former ageſ proper oncly to men,but noz it ſhould ſeeme peculiarto Spyderſ . For who almoſt iſ there ſot}nd Of ageand ſiſſiclng'th permir) that contenteth himſelfe with the louc of one aſ hee ought , but rather applyct 4 hiſ minde, body , and wandering affectionſ to ſtrange loneſ But yet Spyderſ ſo ſop\;(c\lzz_sv they grow to ripeneſſe of age, doe chooſe them Mateſ, never parting till de.atct!;( it fe ; make the ſeparation. And aſ they cannort abide cortiualleſ, ifany wedlocke brea ſ(iſſrs-ſſ & ? kold—makerſ dare bee fo ſmappiſh to enter , or ſo infolently proude aſ to preſle into ;Z(())cch(:rs Il—llzſiuſc or Cortage, they reward hinriuſtly with condigne Punlnlſhm(:?]tbFOIſſ?hB et tt 1ptloin : Firſ 31 II b tingſ,tten with baniſh— temeratiouſ enterprize, & flagitiotſ f1ct ; Firſt by their crucll by t E thom: ile, and oftentimeſ with death it ſelfe . So thatthere iſ not any one 0 ty EZ?Z:Z:ZHZE :illany or violence to anotherſ Mate,or ſecke bx anylixzjcaxl!cs vn]ctſſrſſ,t:ſif]ſiIZ to abuſe her. There iſ ſuch teſtraiot, ſuch ſtmfic _zrdcrs i—*ſi?ffizzſſ:-ſiihff;ou T;(;ZZ! I_n\;g [[i( 1 neſſe of conſcience , and Turtle lo_uc_a_mongc them . Fy > G 0y ; ireiſ i e frugall then a Spyder, more labo. houſe—kceping, you ſhall finde ſihct? 0 ot he leaſtend or peece of her thred i leanely, and fine. For ſhe cannot abide that cuen the leaſtend or p . 0 ::)0;; i:)fi, or tydbc placed and ſet to no vſe or pfofic, _rmd tfhcyhccz:nſc_RE;?;:?E]CCL}?:E:?ZLZ]: by ſabllirateſ, tharſapaly [hffl'r r?orp_F'S ictmd he Ffſiſicliſſt]fc\scr(())rfrtlffi fail ſicke and be weak,the t v 3 4 — wcaueth,thchi\/\ :;ic }axpplſſrlþc}gg:ſiſf F31;a.]tutnht::rilrg'mcrits and deſartſ may be alike. So ſoxg]; C W W a » g::c(;fſi%;iſſſi:m;i; h[untct'n whileft the male iſ buſic about Net—making, ifthe one ſtand in necde of the otherſ help andfurtheranBce. RSr But pd 268 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. But yet commonly the Female:Spyder being enſtructed of her Parentſ when ſhee vvaſ young and docible, the art of ſpinning and wcauing(which cuſtom'c waſ amongſt yvſ al— fo in timeſ Paſt)bcginncth the cobweb,& her belly iſ ſufficient to miniſter matterinough forſuchapecce of worke, whether it be that the nature or ſubſtance ofthe belly groweth to corruption at ſunne ſet and appointed time (aſ Democritwſ thought) or whether there be within them a certainelanigerouſ fertility nafflrally aſ in Silke—wormeſ. Aziſtatle iſ of opinion, that the matter iſ outward aſ it were a certaine Shellor pill , and that it iſ vn— wound, looſened, and drawne out by their fine weauing and ſpinning. But howſocuer it be,certaine it iſ they will not by their good—wilſ looſe theleaſt iot of a thredſ end,but ve— ry prouidently ſee to all though neuer {o lictlg. "_ſhe: logc they bca[r!c. to their young breed iſ ſinguler, both in the care they haue for their ſaſhioning and framing to good orderſ, & for their education otherwiſe, for the auoydance of idleneſſe. For the Male and Female doe by turneſ ſit vppon their Eggeſ, and ſo by thiſ way enterchangeably taking courſeſ, they doe ſtirre vp, quicken, mouc, and encreaſe naturall and linely heate in them, and al— though it hath beene ſundry timeſ obſerued, that they haue brought forth three hundc— reth young oneſ aronce, yet do they traine them vp al alike withoutexception;to labour, parſimony, and payneſ taking, and inyre them in. good order , to faſhion and frame all thingeſ fit for the weauing craft. I haue often wondred at their cleanlineſ, when to keepe all thingſ from naſtineſſe or ſtinking,J haue beheld with mine eyeſ thoſe that were leane, il—fauored, and ſickly, to come glyding downefrom the yvpper to the lower part of theyr buildingſ, and there to exonerate nature at ſome hole in the web, leaſt either their ſhop, work houſe, or frame might be diſtained or anoyed. And thiſ iſ ſufficient to haue ſpoken of their politicaill, cauill, & domeſticall vertueſ : now will I proceede to diſcourſe of theit ſkill in weauing, wherewith Palleſ waſ fo much offended : for the Scholler excelled her Maiſterſ, and in fine cunning and curiouſ worke—manſhip, did far ſurpaſſe her, Firſt them let vſ conſider the matter of the web, wholeſubſtance iſ tough, binding, and glutinouſ, plyant, and will ſticke to oneſ fingerſ like Birdlime, and ofſuch a matter it iſ compoun— ded, aſ it neither looſqch hiſclamminefle and faſt—holding quality , cyther by ſiccity or moyſture. $ t o Sp. Debior: The matter whereof itiſ made, iſ ſuch aſ can never bee conſumed, waſted, or ſpent whileſt they line, and being ſo endleſſe, wee muſt ncedeſ heere admire and honor thene— uer ending and infinite power of the great God : for to ſeeke out ſome naturall reaſon for it, or to aſcribe it to naturall cauſeſ, were in my minde meere madnefſe and folly . The Autumnall Spyderſ called Lup? or Helci, VV olueſ or Hunterſ, are thought to he themoſt artificiall and ingeniouſ:For theſe drayy out a thred finer and thinner then any Silke, and of ſuch a ſubtilty; that theyr whole vycb being folded together, vvillſcarce be ſo heauy aſ one fine thred of Linnen being vveighed together. Edoyardmſ Mopiminſ hath very fincly and cloquently deſcribed both the Maleſ and Femaleſ, Zeprem., Z#þ. —7. in theſe yvordeſ following ; at Aiee ſ . t Jile donnym venatu paſcit, at iſta Mrconio gracileſ orditur tegmine telaſ. . Stanniparuſ wenter , vomifiluſ lanifery ip/ſ Pulladiam cunoulat 7, colum., calatoſG, miniſtrat Ipſiuſ eft fuſum ponduſ, qued fila tr a heudo Necdtit & intorgquet parili ſub tegmine duiFa,. : Jilo fuam aAmedyſ ordituy D edala tclam, Et gracili tenneſintendit {lamine traciuſ. Tela ingd inna eft [lamen ſecernit arunda, Inſcritur mediumradijſ/ubtegmen acutiſ, At G, or am & centro panumſ [ihi {laminat illan _ Peruiatela patet gemina de parte , feroci Ne concuſſa enrofrangantur ſfamina, qm_tſſrſi', Muſta volax teng ſtretur ſinnamine caſſiſ, Reticuli primam vix muſcula contigit oramſ | & Moryſ 0 we 40 g© 20 — Of the Spyder. Morſ abit intele centrum, vt diſcrimine patuo Vinciat ipſe ſno perigrinam Caſſe volucrem. Which Znay be engliſhed thuſ ; The Spider—male by hunting game the honſeſ charre do The female with Mwmianſi;;gt beginſ to ][}z[nſine t%fect;,thfictdeſi Out of web—breeding—belly, breaſt woolly, vp—caſting twine Whereto the diſtaffe ſhe applyeſ by art of Pallaſ fine : E To her belongſ the preſſed waight, which doth the teale out draw; Both matter , art, and ſubſtance ſhe, doth ſbield by natureſ Law., Like D adala out of her middeſt, her web ſhe doth begin, ) And ſiretching out her tender worke, by preſſing it full thin : The which iſ ioyned aſ in yoke,, yet parted by a cane, And planted iſ the middle roofe, in a fharp beamy fr ame . And from the Center draweth a thred like woolito lye vpon While double worke on enerypart doth fortifie her wene — Wherewith the blaſtſ of Eaſterne wind vnbrokenweb refiſtſ, Andtender Fly enſnarled, iſ fallen into thoſe liſtſ. While ſcarce vpon the edge or brim,thiſ little Flic dot hfall, But by and by death ſeamxeth her withinwebſ center thrall: And ſo the ſtranger winged flye with little or no adoe, She onercommeth ſpeedily when it the netſ comeſ too. Oftheſe Cobwebſ there iſ great diuerſity, varietie, and difference ;: for ſome of them are looſe, weake, ſlacke, and not vvell bound ; other contrarywiſe well compacted, and cloſe couched together, ſome Triangwler, otherſome Ovadrangular ; and ſome are ntade with all ſideſ equall, but yetnot rightangled or cornered like a quarry of Glaſſe : otherſ are made of ſuch a forme aſ will beſt fit the place where they hunt,you ſhal perceiue ſome of them to be orbicular, if they weatie betweene two treeſ, and you ſhall finde thiſ faſhiſ onalſo among Weedeſ , and oftentimeſ in Windoweſ banging together with many lineſ and different croſſe—peeceſ: ſo that herein no man can deny but that they ſhew forth ' greatreaſon, wiſedome, admirable indgement, and much gallant beauty worthy to ſee 40 $O to. Surely Ewclideſ that famouſ Geomefrician, who waſ Scholler to Socrateſ, & lined in the time of P#olomy the firſt, neede not be aſhamed to learne from Spyderſ the drawing of di— uerſ of hiſ figureſ and Geometricall proportionſ . And Fiſhermen alſo from them haue beene glad to learne the trade of Net—making. Forfrom whom elſe could they borrow & fetch ſuch liuely repreſentationſ, and ſuch expreſſe patternſ, then from ſuch a ſkilfull and induſtriouſ Schoole—Maiſter. But the ſtrength of the webbe ſceemeth to bee very ſtrange, which although it ſeemeth to be the moſt weake of all other thingſ, yet wee fee it iſ able to hold Hornetſ, and to endure the furiouſ blaſteſ of raging windeſ, and if one throw or caſt duſt ypon it,che ſame will rather be diſtended and ſtretched,then either vndone,bro. ken, orfelled downe. E And yet thiſ iſ the ſtrangeſt of all, which many a man would thinke impoſſible but that it cannor be called in queſtion, in regard we may daily ſee and obſerne the proofe there, of commeth to paſſe, that a Spyder ſhould beginne'to place the one end of her thread on the one fide of a little Riuer or Brooke; and how ſhee ſhould faſten the other end on the other ſide of the water, conſidering that Nature never taught them the art eyther of fly— ing orſwimming . I would faine bee reſolued of thiſ ſcruple, by what mecaneſ they ſayle and paſſe oucr. Or do you imagine that they iump orer, or conuay themſelueſ oncr in alcape . Surely I dare not ſay ſo, Imuch doubt thereof, I will not ſtand to it, 'The next that beſt deſerneth to be Marſhalled in the ſecond ranke and place, for cun= ning worke in weauing and ſpinning, be thoſe kind of Spyderſ who build and labour a. bout the rafterſ of Houſeſ, in Sellerſ, floureſ, and about boardeſ, pla_nkcs, and ſqch like, and oftheſe ſome are wilder which doe faſhiondand dreſſe a broad,chicke,and plaine wc;b Dd 3 a 27 0 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. in the graſſe and fieldeſ all about, ſtretching out the ſame like a ſaile, or ſome Gne ſpread Shecte or Curtaine. \ < If you would duely looke into their worke", and throughly conſider the ſtrange — trydleſ of their Loomeſ, the Shittleſ they yvſe, their Combſ to make all cleane, the ſtay of their Loomeſ wherewith they drefſc theyr VWW ebbeſ, theyr Crofſe—lineſ., the frame , W oufe, their fine ſpinning—ſtuffe, and ſo their whole Cobwebſ > you ſhall therein very plainely behold the finger of God working in hiſ poore and weake creatuteſ. And queſti— onleſſe in thiſ excellent miſtery they are able to put downe, and farre Surmount the . gyprianſ, theLydeanſ, Pexzelope, Texaguil, (who waſ Wife to Tardquiniuſ,Priſcuſ) Ame— Striſ, that famouſ Queene of Peſi4, Claudianaſ,Sabina, and Iulia y Noble Roman Ladieſ and all the Queeneſ of Macedonia , who were cſteemed and renowned throughout the whole world,to be the moſt curiouſ & exquiſite in thiſ kind of faculty, & who in needle. worke, Tapeſtry, and all Embroidery were thought to be pecreleſſe. For theſe Spyderſ (euen contrary to all reaſon and Art, aſ we thinke) make a firme, ſtreng, and well com— pacted Web with no lineſ or thredſ drawne Crofſe—wiſe or oucrthywart, but onely made out and continued ſtill in length. When their worke iſ perfeGed and breught to an end, they lay ouct it, and coucr it round about with a certaine glutinouſ kinde of Ielly , or ſlimed inyce, by touching of which theyr prey being entangled, pay full deerely for their ignorantraſhneſſe, vnaduiſed heede—taking, and lacke of fore—ſight . Their web iſ of the colout ofthe ayre, or rather none at all, which eaſily deceiueth the fooliſh vawary Flyeſ, and ſuch aſ be quicke—ſighted, circumſpe&, and can eſpye thingeſ very quickly. For if it did repreſent any notoriouſ and manifeſt colout,they would prouidein time againſt ſuch dangerouſ deuiſeſ, and take heede of ſuch trapſ aforchand. The baſer and vilder fort of Spyderſ, and ſuch aſ beeleaſt reputed of, arethoſe that live in holeſ, Caueſ, and cornerſ of Houſeſ, and theſe in reſpect of the former are ſlowe, ſlothfull, and lazy : fat,groſſe, and bigge—bellyed corner—creeperſ,and theſe ſpinne a very homely, rough, and courſe thred, which they ſpread abroad, andſet before the hollowe placeſ and chinkeſ of W'alleſ. Theſe kindeſ of Spyderſ haue a more heauy and ponde— rouſ body, ſhorter feete, and morce. ynhandſome to worke or finiſh any W ebbeſ in their Loomeſ,and aſ forſeparating, denuiding, picking, carding, or ſuting their ſtufſe, they are very Bunglerſ to the firſt mentioned. They apprehend and rake their preyeſ rather caſually, then take any great payneſ to ſecke farrefor it, becauſe their hole being great outwardly,ſcemeth to be a good and con— uenient lurking—corner, and a ſafe corner for Flyeſ to bide themſelueſ in : butbeein gen— tangled and arreſted in the very entric,they are ſnatched vp ſodenly by the watchfull Spi der, and carrycd away into themore inward'placeſ of thcir denneſ, therero be ſlaughte— red. For they watch and W ard aloftin high VV alleſ and buildingſ, aſ well to deceiue ſuch Birdeſ aſ lye in waight to entrappe and take them at vnawareſ (aſ Sparroweſ, Ro— bin—redbreaſtſ, Wrenneſ, Nightingaleſ, and Hedge—Sparroweſvyhich ate allſworne c— nemieſ.to Spyderſ.: and beſideſ, the more cafily to beguile the filly flyeſ ſuſpecting no harme at all. There be certaine other ſortſ of: Spyderſ which aſ yet I hanue not deſcribed, aſ for ex— ample; there iſ one (the greateſt of all that euer I ſaw)which ſpreadeth hey artificiall netteſ in the Haruceſt—time amongſt the leaueſ and brancheſ of Roſeſ, and entangleth eyther aſ ny otherlittle Spyder that iſ running away, or elſe: Gnat—flicſ, and ſuch like, being caught at vaawareſ, and hanged by a kind ofthred, whomſhe firſt purſueth and layeth hold on with a wonderfull dexterity and quickneſie : and being faſthanged, and ſo made ſure, ſhe there leaueth them,; for the ſauiſfieng of her hungry. appetite tillanother time.. The body of thiſ Spyder iſ in colout ſomewhat whitiſh, reſembling Scumme or frothy fome, and almoſt of an Qule—figure. The head yery litcle, placed vnder her belly, being withall croo— ked or bending like hookeſ; aſ iſ to bee ſeenein'the Crab—fiſh > and her backe garniſhed with many white ſpotſ. eM Thiſ iſ onc kind of Aarumpail Lupi, or Wolfe—Spyder, which in a very ſhort ſpaceof time dogrow from the bigneſſe of a little Peaſe;to a very greatbulk and thicknefle. Thete are alſo found in all placeſ of thiſ Countrey, Long:legged—Spyderſ ; who make a very E. home— BJ 3 0 0 40 £ Q Of the Spyder. homely and diſotderly Web.. Thiſ kind of Spyderliuethaltogetheria the fieldſ, het bo— dy iſ nlr_noſctt of a round figure;, and ſomewhat browniſh in colout,liuing in the grafic,and delighting in the company of Sheepe: and for thiſ cauſe I take it, that w'c\Engliſhmen do call her a Shepheard, cither for that the kecpeth and loueth to be among theit flockeſ, or — becauſe that Shepheardſ haue thought thoſe groundſ and feedingſ to bee very holcſome whercin they are moſt found, and that no veromonſ or hurifull creatureabideth in thoſe fieldſ where they be: And hercin theiriudgment iſ to be liked,for they are indecd altoge— ther volurefull, whether inwardly taken,or otherwiſe outwardly applyed ; and therefore P y becauſe I am tyed within a Teather, and thereby reſtrained from all affedionate diſcout= 10 ſing or dilating vnleſſe of poyfonouſ and harmefull Creatureſ, I willcome into my path ſſf againe, and tell you of another certaine blacke Spyder, that hath vety ſhort feete, carry— Eſi ing about with her an Egge aſ white aſ Snow vndet her belly, and rurining very ſwiftly : !) — | | T T COMRED 0 18 2 . the Egge bc_ſi:iu g broken, many Spyderſ creepeforth, which goe forch with their damme to ſecke their lining altogether,and climing vpon her back when night approcheth, there they reſt, and ſo they lodge. 7 . Pacinhovion, In rotten and hollow treeſ there are alſo to befound exceeding blacke Spyderſ; hauing great bodicſ, ſhort feet, and keeping together with Cheeſe—lipſ or thoſſ creeping vermine | with many feet, called of ſome Soiveſ. W haue ſeene alſo (ſaith the learned Geſrer) Spy— | derſ, that were white all oucr, of a round compac and well knit body ;ſomewhat broad, 20 lining in the flowerſ of Mountaine Pay/ely, amongſt Roſeſ, & in the greene graſſe.:.their Eggeſ were little, ſlender, and very long, their mouth ſpeckled, and both their ſideſ were marked with a red line running all alongeſt . He tooke them to bee very yenompiuſ, be— cauſe hee ſaw a Marmoſet or Monky to cate of them, and by eating thereof hardly to ef. cape. with life , yet at length it did well againe , and waſfreed from further daunger, onely by pouring downe a great deale of Oyle into hiſ throat.: I'my ſelfe haue alſo ſeene ſome Spyderſ with very long bodieſ and ſharp taileſ, of a blackiſh or datkered colour, & Thauc noted other—ſome againe to be alloucr the body greene—coloured. I will not deny but that there are many other ſoxrtſ of Spyderſ, and of many moc different colourſ, but I . . nener reade, or yet euer ſaw them : Negwe enim noſirafert emniatellyſ, T he ageſ enſuing 30 peraducnture will find more, vertartt o4 : I will onely put you in remembrance of thiſ one thing worchy to be obſerued, that al} weauing and Net—making Spyderſ, according aſ they grow in yeareſ; ſo do they acquire more knowledge, and attaine to greater cunning and experience in their ſpinning trade: but.carrying a reſolute and ready, will to keepe both time and meaſure with that Muſicke which beſt contentſ moſt eareſ, I will now paſſe to ſpeake.of the propagation and yſc of Spyderſ, and ſo I will cloſe yp thiſ diſcourſe. ..: . . ailiſ þneapioy iſ. i: The propagation of Spyderſ for the moſt patt iſ by coupling together.the.defire and action whereof, continueth almoſt the wholc Spring time, for at that time by a mutuall and often drawing, and eaſic pulling of their Web, they do aſ it were woe one another, 40 then approch hey nearer together : and laſtlyare ioyned with theirhippeſ one agayoſt another backwardſ aſ Camelſ do, for that iſ the moſt fit for them iti regard of the round proportion and figure of their bodieſ. Inlikeſort do the Phalamgieſ ioyne together, and are generated by thoſe of the ame kinde, (aſ Ariſkatle faich.: ) Butthe Phalangieſ couple not in the Spring—ſeaſon, aſ the other Spyderſ doe, bſiut towardeſ prter, at whiat time they are very ſwift, quicke, nimblc,_andſiof_ moſt certaine ſil}g_pc,,x_;_\zgrc ctdangc-rousſſ, & more venomouſ in their bytingeſ . Some of them ſi:_zft}zp\xhgg_ Jcoupling together , docj lay one Egge onely, carrying it vndertheir belly, it ſ ig Eplpgc aſ white aſ Snow, and both Male and Female ſit vpon it by turneſ.\6 1 \noyeah o \ £ ſ Some Spyderſ doexclude many littleEggeſ very like vato the'ſcedeſ of Poppy, ou 50 ofwhich it hath beeric obfſernued, that ſometimeſ therchaue l_a_cenc hacchefi three hund_c— reth Spyderſ at one tinie, which after their vaine and idle plying and ſporting together in } their Webbe, atlength come foorth with their Damme, and towardeſ enening thiy all } trudge home, votill ecach one hath learned, and perfecly -actttamed to the ſkill to !þumc hiſ ownie webbe,; that therein he may ſpend thereſiducofhiſ dayeſ in more pleaſure,caſe _—_ andſecurity» They make excluſion of their younggchdcm-hoppmg or smppmg-vtv}:gc; { * & 4 The Hiftory of Serpentſ. they fitte on their eggeſ for three dayeſ ſpace together,and in a monthſ ſpace their y5ung oneſ come to perfection. The domeſticall or Houſe—Spydet, layeth her eggeſ in a thinne webbe, and the wilde—Spyder in a thicker and ſtronger, becauſe they are more expoſed to the iniurieſ of windſ, and lie more open to the rage of and fury of ſtormeſ and ſhowerſ, The place and country where they are, helpeth much, and iſ very auaileable to their ge— neration.There iſ no country almoſt,but there be many Spyderſ in it.For in the countty about Arzþ4, which iſ in Arab/afelix , there iſ an infinite number of them to befound, and all the Hand of Cand/e ſwarmeth with Palaxgieſ. Strabo ſaith, that in Ethiopia there be great number of Phalaxgieſ found, of an exceeding bigneſ : although aſ Pliyy ſaith in hiſ eight booke and 58. chapter, there are neither Wolfeſ, Foxeſ, Beareſ, nor no hurtful creature in it ; and yer wee all know , that in the Tle of///gÞr (a member of England,) the contrary iſ to be found.for although there were neuer dwelling in it, Foxeſ, Beareſ, nor Wolfeſ, yet there be Spyderſ ynow, + t The Kingdomie of Ireland neuer ſaw Spyderſ, and in England no Phalangieſ will line long, nor yet in the Ie of Mam, & neere vnto the Citty of Gremable, in that parrofFrance which lyeth next Italy,Gawdentiuſ Merula ſaith,there iſ an old Tower or Caſtle ſtanding, wherein aſ yet neter any Spyder hath beene ſeene,nor yet any other venomouſ crecping creatute, but rather if any be brought thether from ſome other place, they forth—with dic. Our Spydertſ in England, are not ſo venomouſ aſ in other partſ ofthe world, and I haue ſeenc a madde man eate many of them, without eyther death or deathſ harme, or any o— thermanifeſt accident or alteration to enſite. And although I will not denie,but that ma— ny of our Spyderſ beeing ſwallowed downe , may doe much hurt , yet notwithſtanding we cannot chuſe but confeſſe, that their byting iſ poyſonleſſe, aſ being without yenome, procuring not the leaſt touch of hurt at allto any one whatſocuer ; and on the contraric, the byting of a Phalangie iſ deadly. t W eſee the harmeleſſe Spyderſ alinoſtin euery place, they climbe vp into the Gourtſ of mightieKingſ, to be aſ it were myrrourſ and glaſſeſ of vertne , and to teach them ho— neſt proweſſe and valiancic. . They goc into the lodgingſ, fhoppeſ and Ware—houſeſ of poore—men, to commend ynto them contentment, patience, labout, tolerance, induſtry, poucrtie and frugalitie. They are alſo to be found in rich—menſ chamberſ , to admoniſh them of theit duticſ. If youwentet into your Orchatd , they are buſic in clothing cucrie T'ree;ſ if into the Garden , you ſhall finde them amongſt Roſeſ ; if you 'trauaile into the field, you ſhall hanue them at their worke in hedgeſ, both at home and abroad, whetherſo— euer you bend your courſe, you cannot chuſe but meete. with them , leaſt perhappeſ you might imagine, or elſc complaine and find ſome fauſtſ, that the Scholemiſtreſ and perfeX preſident of all vertue and diligence were in any place abſent. W ho would not therefore be touched, yeaand poſſeffed with an'extreame wonder at theſe vertueſ and facultieſ, which we daily ſee & behold with our eyeſ. Phileſ hath briefe— , ly and compendiouſly deſcribed their nature, properticſ, inclinationſ,wit and inuention in hiſ Greeke verſeſ, which becing turned into Latine, ſound to thiſ efe Quod incidit, jejunapaſcit hoc famenſ, Vitamd, degit hand quictiſ indigam. Suſpenſacentro, cjfihu ſque pronidenſ, Ne fila rumpat, orbinmgue diſſuat Nexuſ retertoſ flaminiſ viſ irrnemſ» . Induſtriouſ nature Spyderſ hane, Excelling Virginſ handſ of ſkill, Superfluonſ humourſ of bellyeſ ſaue, Andinto webbeſ theyweane them ſtiil, Andthat witheut allWeanerſ combeſ Their folding Oybeſinrolled are, And vnderneaththeir woofeſ aſ tombeſ; Are ſpread, the worthy worke to beare» And hang their thredſ in ayre aboue, By plageſ vnſcene to th eyc of man, Without foundation you may prone All their buildingſ firmely ſtand : Nor yet clecrelight to eyeſ moſt bright Ganiſeethe coupling of their thred, The thinneſſe of the woofe in ſight, On pinneſ of ajre are ſareſt ſpred. On guatſ, and ſilie winged flyeſ, : Which guilefully innetſ they take,| They feede their fillwhen they eſpy;' And yet their life much reſt doth make». They labouy to, and doe prowide ——... Gain{t windſ and thingſ that breake their twijlet, That bandſfrom tacklingſ may net ſlyde, When greater ſtreugth doththenſ aſſayleſ vile badgeſ & linerieſ; which theſe rehcarſed Authorſ haugveworthiſ Theyr Uſe. hanged about the necke. performiethithc ſame efee, aſ Plinyreporteth. ofleather, oranut—ſhiclh, and ſo hanged about the ncclfc , or eth away chefitſ. of a Quartaine—feaucer, aſ both Divſcorideſ & he careſ, rake three line Spyderſ ; boyle them yle Yow B & ) T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ, | oyle of Roſeſ, and ſo to be ſtamped together , and a little thereofto be dropped into the pained eare with a little Saffton, and withoutdoubt,Gith he,the paine willbe mittigated, and the ſame affirmecth Di/o/corideſ.. Or elſe ſtraine out the inyce of Spyderſ , mixing it withtheinyce of Roſeſ, and with ſome wooll dipped in the ſime liquour , apply it to the eare. Soraſtuſ in hiſ booke Peri Dakeop writeth, hoyy that the Spyder which iſ called Cz/zma, calapteſ, beeing ſtifled or choked in oy'le, iſ a very preſent helpe againſt any poyſon taken inwardly into the body, aſ the Scholiaſt of Nicander reporteth. T here be ſome that catch a Spyder in the left hand , and beate and ſtampe it with the oyle of Roſeſ, putting ſome of it into the eare, on the ſame ſide the tooth aketh, and aſ Plinyrellethyſ, it doth exceeding 1@ much good. Spyderſ applyed and layd vpon their owne bytingſ, ortaken inwardly in. to the body, doc heale and helpethoſe hurtſ themſelueſ procured. W at ſhould I talke of the white ſpotſ of the eyeſ, a moſt dangerouſ gricfe ? and yet are they cleane taken away with very ſmall labour, if ſo be one take the leggeſ, eſpecially ofthoſe Spyderſ which are of the whiter ſort, and ſtamping them together with oyle, do make an oyntment for the eyeſ. Plixy. The moiſt inyce that iſ (quieſed out of a houſe—Spy. der, being tempered with oyle of Roſeſ, or one dramme of Saffcon, and adroppe or two thereof dropped into the eyeſ, cureththe dropping or watering of them , by meaneſ of a rhume iſſuing out thereat : or elſe the moiſture of 3 Spyder or hiſ vrine becing taken by. . themſclueſ, laying a little wooll on the top of the part affected, worketh the ſame efe& ; *9 whereby you may well ynderſtand, that there iſ nothing in a Spyder ſo vile, homelie, or fordidouſ, that doth not ſome good, and ſeructh to ſome end. Againſt the ſuffogation of the belly, Ae#/#ſdoth counſell to apply a Cerote to the nauell made of Spyderſ, and ſaith that he hath found it to prevaile much in thiſ kind of paſſion. Pliny ſaith, but he yeeldeth no reaſon for it, that Spyderſ doe helpe the paine and {welling of the Spleene, He writeth alſo further, that if a man catch a Spyder aſ ſhe iſ glyding and deſcending downe—wardſ by her thred, and ſo being cruſhed in the hand, & then applied to the nauell, that the belly will be provuoked to the ſtoole, but becin gtaken aſ ſhee iſ af. cending, and applyed after the ſame formermanner , that any looſeneſ or fluxe iſ ſtayed and reſtrayned thereby . The ſame P/iny alſo writeth, that if a man take aSpyder,andlay 39 it vppon a fellon, (prouided that the ſick patient may not know ſo much,) that within t}\c ſpace onely of three dayeſ, that' terrible and painefull griefe will be cleane taken away. And befideſ he affirmeth, that ifthe head and feere of a ſpyder be caſt away , and the reſt of thebody rubbed and bruiſed,that it will thoroughly remedie the ſwellin 8 in the funda— ment, proceeding ofinflamation. — * Ifany bevexed with ſtore oflyce, and doe vſe a ſuffumigation made onely with Spy— 'derſ, it will cauſe them all to fall and come away, neither will there afterwardſ any moe breedein tharplace. "The fat of a Gooſe tempered and mixed with a Spyder and oyle of Roſeſ together, becing vſed aſ an oyntment vpon'the breaſtſ, preſeruech them ſafelic, aſ thatnomilike will coagulate or curdle in them after any birth; Aroppprmſ. Yea, thatſame 40 knotty ſcourge of rich men, & theſcorne of Phiſitianſ, I' mcane the Gowte, which aſ ſome learned men hold canby no meaneſ be remedied, yerfeeleth mitigation and diminution " ofpaine, and curation alſo, onely by the preſence of a Spyder, if it be taken alite, and her *hinderleggeſ cut off, and afterward incloſed in a purſe made of the hyde of a Stag. More— ouer, we ſce (whichallother medicineſ can never doe)that all they are freed for the moſt part, both from the Gowte in the leggeſ and handſ, where the } pyderſaremoſt found, & where theyare moſt buſic in working, & framing their ingeniouſ deviſed webſ. Doubt— lefſe, thiſ iſ arare miracle of namite, & a wonderfull vertme , that iſ in thiſ contemprible , little creature;, orrather eſtectned to be ſo vile; abie&, and ofnoeſtimation . Rick men * — were happy indeede, ifthey knew how to make vſe of their owne good. ge Antonixſ Piuſ waſ wont to ſay; thatthe ſharpe wordſ, wittie ſayingſ , quirkeſ & ſab— tiltieſ of Sophiſterſ; were like ynto Spyderſ webbeſ , that containe in themmuch cun— ning Art, and artificiallconccit, but had litcle other good beſideſ. If any one be newly & dangerouſly wounded, and that the miſcrable partie feareth a bleeding to death , what iſ amore noble medicine, or more ready at hand, then a thicke Spyderſ webbe , to bynde ** hard 4 STAS :_ſiſi-ſi.—:@fltſi/;e,S}gcher; harbvpoodhe wound;itaſay the ioddinare effuliokofBlood >Qucſtionle | Sifwewere aſ—diligeritand -gr;cdy:tqzſcaxc_h outth? true properrieſ and vcrſiu%-bf our offi?ef:f:ſiv:f{f ca.U i'l:fpt!l_!{cszſſ'whwh v\fifimuld buyoforhirſſo deerely,/we would'not enforce our ſelueg wicth ſhchnagbr-}d_tfiſmcþſſfcgr thoſe.offotraine Counttieſ;aſthot ghſithilzgs fetcht farre off, werebecerthen ourowneneere athand;or aſ thouphmbthing were yood S&awholeſome voleGeivcameſro Epypey Arabia or Iotia.. Surelyy vnleflethetewere ſonie wilt wormſ in our brameſ, or that wewere bewitched and poſlefſedwithſomeFurie, we would not ſo farre be in louc with forraine wareſ, or be ſo much beſotted, aſ to ſecke for greedy new phiſicke and phiſicall meaneſ, conſideting that one poore Spyderſ webbe willdoe more good, for the ſtanching of blood, the uration of vicerſ; the hindering of ſanieſſ ſlyme, or flo_ugh to grow in any fore, to abate and quench inflamationſ, to tonglutinate and con. ſolidate woundſ, more then a cart—loade of Bole fetcht out of Armenia, So7cocella, Sanda— racha, or that earth vyhich iſ ſo much nobilitared by the impreſſe of a ſeale, and therefore called Terz2 Sigillata, the clay of Samoſ, the durt ot Germany, or the loame of Lemnoſ; For a cobwebbe adſtringeth, refrigerateth, ſoldereth, ſoyneth, and cloſeth vppe woundſ; not ſuffering any rotten or filthy matter to remaine long in them: { And in regard of theſe excellent vertueſ and qualitieſ , if quickly cureth blecdingſ at the noſe, the H@morchoitdleſ, and othcr bloodic—fluxeſ, whethert of the opening of the . moutheſ of the veineſ, their opertionſ, breakingſ , or any other bloody euacuation that 20 3© too much aboundeth, becing either given by it ſelfe alone in ſome Wine, eyther inward— lic, or outwardly, or commixed with the Blood—ſtone , Crocmſ Aartiſ, and other the like remedieſ fit for the ſame intentionſ. The cobwebbe iſ alſo an ingredient into an vaguent which iſ made by Phiſitianſ, a— gainſt the diſcaſe called Seypegſ, and beceing bound to the ſwellingſ of the fundament , if there be inflamation ioyned withall, it conſumeth them without any paine , aſ Mazce//uſ Empiricuſrcſtificth... It likewile cureththe warering or dropping of the eyeſ , aſ Pliny re— porteth ; and becing applyed withoyle, inconſolidaterh the woundſ of the toyntſ : and fome for the ſame intent, vſe the atheſ of cobwebbet; withfireMeale and W hite—vvine mixed together: : boooon if E . Some Sargeonſ there he that cure Wartſ in thiſ manner ; They rake a Spyderſ—web, " roling the ſame yppe on a tound heapelike a ball, and laying it vppoh the wart they then ,40 ſet fire on it; and ſo burne it to aſheſ, and by thiſ way and order the vvarrſare eradicated, that they:neucr after grow againe. Marcelluſ Empiricuſ raketh Spyderſ webbeſ that are found in the Cyprefle—tree,mixing them with other contenient remedicſ, ſo giuing them to a podagricall perſon for the aſſwaging of hiſ paine. Againſt the paineof a holloyy tooth, Galleſ in hiſ firſtbooke De Compoſ: medicum, ſecundumiloca , much commendeth, (by the teſtimony of Archigeneſ) the eBgeſ of Spyderſ, becing tempered and mixed with Oleum Nardinum, and {o alittle of itbeeing putinto the tooth. —In like ſort Kizamideſ gi— auethSpyderſcggeſ for the curation ofa Tertian—Ague. W hercivpon we conclude w_ith ,Gallen, in hiſ booke to Piſo, that Natureaſ yet never brought foorth any thing ſo vile, meane, and.contempuible in outward ſhew, but thatit hath manifold and moſt excellent neceſſary, vieſ, if we would ſhew a greater diligence, and not be ſo ſqueamiſh aſ to refuſe thoſe wholeſomemedicineſ which are eaſic to be had, and without great chargeſ and tra— uaileacquired. 55) ; ILwilladdethereforethiſ onc note before I end thiſ diſcourſe, that Apeſ., Marmoſetſ Or Monkieſ, the Serpentſ called Lizardſ,the Stellion, which iſ likewiſea venomouſ beaſt like voto a Lizard, hauing ſpotſ in hiſ necke like vnro ſtarreſ, W aſpeſ,and the lircle bcaſt called JIchne#amon, Swalloweſ, Sparroweſ, the littlect Titmou_ſc,m_}d Hcdgc-ſparrpwesſiddc often feede full ſauourlie vppon Spyderſ. Beſideſ, if the Nightingale, (the Prince of all ſinging—byrdſ)doc cate ady Spyderſ;ſhce iſ cleane freed and healed pf all—diſcaſeſ vvhat— gFi E i 7 , Ty 3 ſGmlln the dayeſ of Alexander the Great, there dwelled in the Cittic of Alexandria a cer— taine young mayde, which from hcrſiyo_l)th vp, waſ fedand nouriſhed onely :Nſſlil carin ſg}c of Spyderſ,and for the ſame cauſe the King waſ premoniſhed not to come neere er,lea peraducnture he mightbe infeQed by her poyſonouſ breath, or by the venome eu:gar)e; The Hiſtory of Serpentſ, ted by herſweating. AVertſſ likewiſe hathrecorded in hiſ writingſ, tharthere vyaſ a certaine noble young Virgine dywelling at Coleſ in Germany, who from het tender yeereſ waſ fedde onely with Spyderſ. And thuſ much we Engliſh—men haue knowne;that there waſ one Heary Lilgrawe, liuing not many yeereſ ſince, becing Clarke of theKitchen to the right noble Ambraſ/e Dudley Eatle of W arwicke, who would ſearch euery corner for Spyderſ, and if a man had brought him thirtic or fortie at one'time, he wouldhane eaten them all vp very greedily, ſuch waſ hiſ deſitouſ longing after them epoBialiffoine ot — OF THE STELLION Hey aremuch deccined that confoiind the greene Lyzard, or a— ny other vulgar Lyzard , for becauſe the Stellion hath a ruſtie —colour : and yet (aſ AMazzthiolyſ writeth) ſecing AriZorle hath left u || recorded;that there are venomouſ Stellionſ in Italy,hc thinketh {|| that thelittle white beaſt with ſtarreſ on the backe, found about Si\iil the Cittic of Rome, in the yvallſ and ruineſ of old houſeſ , and ) Yag( E1 iſ there called Tazenpulſ, iſ the Stellion of which AriForle ſpea— keth, and there it lineth vpon Spyderſ. Yet that there iſ another and more nobic kind of Stellion aunciently ſo called of the Learned , ſhall afterward ap— peare in the ſucceeding diſcourſe. Thiſ Beaſtor Serpent, iſ called by the Grizzcianſ Coletteſ, Aſcaloboteſ, & Galeoteſ, and ſuch an one waſ that which A7i/fophaneſ faincth from the ſide of a houſe caſed her belly into the mouth of Soerazeſ aſ hee gaped, when in a Moone—ſhine night hee obſcrued the courſe of the ſtarreſ, and motion of the Moone. The reaſon of thiſ Greeke name Aſcala— boteſ, iſ taken from Aſealoſ, a citcle, becauſe it appeareth on the backe full of ſuch circleſ like ſtarreſ, aſ writech Peror#aſ. Howbeit, that ſeemcth to be a fayned Etymologie, and therefore I rather take it, that Aſ/ca/ſ ſignificch impuritie , and that by reaſon of the vn= cleaneneſſe of thiſ beaſt y itwaſ called Aſcalabeteſ , or aſ Suidaſ deriveth it, of Colobateſ, becauſe by the helpe and dexteritic of the fingerſ, it clymbeth vppe the wallſ cuen aſ Ratſ and myce ; or aſ Xframideſ will hauc it, from Calſſ, ſignifying a peece of wood, becauſe it elymbeth yppon wood and T reeſ. And for the ſame reaſon it iſ called Galeoteſ, becauſe it clymbeth like a W eaſill,but at thiſ day it iſ vulgatly called among the Grzecianſ Liakoni, although ſome are alſo of opinion, that it iſ alſo knowne among them by the wordſ 79;— miamitheſ, and P/ammamythe. Among the vulgar H;ebreweſ, it iſ ſometimeſ called Lezazh , and ſometimncſ Sepymza— * 3Q & 0 0 ſ d a ; . 0 mit,aſ Maniter vyriteth. The Arrabianſ call it Sarnabrauſ, and Senabraſ , a Stcllion of < the Gardenſ. And peraducnture, Gearill, Gnaſemabraſ, Alxrel, and Graſeſ. And Syluati— caſ allo vſeth Epitheteſ for a Stellion. And the generall Arabian word forſiich creeping byting thingſ, iſya/ga, which iſ alſorendered a dragon of the houſe. Inſtecd of Coloeſ, Albertuſ hath Arcoluſ. The Germaineſ,Engliſh,and French,haue no wordſ for thiſ Ser— pent, £ T ctſſſſſſ.ſſOf \the Stellion, © ggntzsxcep,t'ſitbqhxinqqudzfindſi_th;geiffic.[ iwaſ inſtly conſtramed to call it 4 Stellion} in imitation of the Latineword—.nu »; . —' . . ..} oat .aSſſctcſilhon, J 7 Aſ I hanue ſhewed ſome difference about the hanſſicct, ſcſi innow cnaſii&-ſh that I ſhould de the like about the naxglccſia\zfi place.ofthcirabode. ,Firſtofall therefore I muſt pL?c a dg%:: rence betwixt the Italian Stotlion or Laxex#@l4, andthecEbracian or Grzecian, for the Stel— lion ofthe Ancientſ iſ propper to.Grava, Tox they. Qy thiſ Stellion iſ full of Lentile potſ, or ſpeckleſ, making a ſharpe ot ſhrill ſhricking noyle, aud iſ good to becaten , but the o— ther in Traly are nowſo: Alſoghcy ſay.in Sieiliathanthein, Stellionſ infli& a deadly byting; but thoke in Italy cauſeno great harmeby their.tecth, }[.þcyſi are couered with a Skin h'kcb a go fhll orabicke barke: and aboweibeit backea theeſ we woank Wile hining ſpowrlikeeyen rom whence they haue their nameſ) ſtreaming like Gtagreſ,or droppeſ of bri e water, according to thiſ verſe of O#id. B RÞ{ h. Vy ſbn,.gþf & E o 31 205 54 vailt tioifl VV cand ſ ſi,ſſct\.-'ſſ id, JX } NP hautter ,-_ſi_.fmſſzzqctwe@zczffiſi cane * E dXCmen nabet watijſ Stellataſ corpera guttifinn VW hich may beengliſhed thuſſ—\ 5 =>.— woſ ſſſiſſ g \ic .. And.like hiſ ſpatied hiew ſoiſ hiſ pame,\= >=\> The body ſkarxed aner like driffſ ofxayne=.><<< aav tial W YARNITH SWSS NOIHIG RENSMTSR .\ 29 _Irmooucth but flowly,che backeapdrtayle bcciogmuch broadexthen iſ the backe and tayle of a Lyzard,buſicſſt}xc Italian Tazzzyulaeſ arewhiteſ andin quantitie like the ſnalleſt Lyzardſ : and the other Greecian Lyzardſ, (calledatthiſ day \among them Arconi,) iſ of bright ſiluer colour , and are very harmefull and angry, wkereaſ the other are not ſo, but ſomeckeand gentle, aſa man may:puchiſ—Angcrſ incothe mouth pf it. withoygdanger. Oune realon of theit white bright ſhming colout» iſ becauſe theyw,: antblood;@utithcrfore It waſ an errour in Sy/waticuſ to ſay that they hadblood. : o —— "The reeth of thiſ Senpent are very ſmall and crooked, and whepſoguerthcy byte» they ſtickefaſt in the wound, and are not pulled forth againe except with violenee; T he rayle iſ notwery long, & yer when by any chaunceit iſ broken, bytten;or cut off, thenit grow— 30 ethagaine They liue in houſeſ, and neere vnto the dooreſand .windoweſ thereof make © their lodgingſ, and ſome—timeſ in dead—menſ graueſ and Sepulchreſ, but moſt common— ly they eclymbe and creepe aloſt, ſoraſ they fall downe againe., ſome—timeſ into the meate aſ it iſ in dreſſing, and ſometimeſ into.otherthingſ, (aſ we hayealready ſaid,) into Suera+ teſ mouth, & when they deſcend of thcir qwne accord, they ereepc ſide—long. They eate Hony, and for that cauſe exeepe into the hiueſ of Becſ, exceptthey be very carefully ſtop: ped, aſ Virgill wxitethſ | bnrſ dAilaanti—n3 Nam[ape fanoſ ignoPuradedit Stef/!zfei.,ſſſ_ſſ ſſct: ty Many timeſ the Stellion at vnawareſ meereth with the Hony:combeſ. They alſo of Italy many timeſ eate Spyderſ. T hey alllyc hiddefoure monthegofthe yeere, in vyvhich time they eatc nothing, and twice in the yeere, that iſ to ſay, both in the Spring—rime and Autumne»they caſt theyr ſkinne, which they greedily eate ſo foone aſ theybaneſuwipped it off, Which Theophraſtuſ and other Authorſ write, iſ an enviguſ partin.thiſ Serpent or ereeping creature, becauſe they voderſtand that it iſ a noble remedy againſt the Falling— ſickneſle : vvherefore to keepe men from the benefit and good which might come there— by, they ſpeedily devoure itſ o .. . . . 25 Nud 25 coomel nnnolooge; And from thiſ enuiouſ and ſubtile part of the Stellion, commeth the ctyme.in Vipianuſ called Cromen Stellionatuſ, that iſ . when one man fraudulently prenenteth:another ofhiſ . money, ot watreſ, or bargaine, cuen aſ the Stelliondooth man—kind of the remedy which 50 commeth vnto them by and from hiſ Skinne. n Aebtie achood \ Thiſ cryme iſ alſo called Extortion, and among the Romanſ, when the Trlbun_cs did with—draw from the Souldiourſ their prouiſion of vidualland Corne, it iſ ſaid, Tribumeſ quiper Stellatur aſ Militibuſ aliquid abSuliſcent, capitali pena affecit.. And thercfore Budeuſ relateth a hiſtory of two Tribuneſ, who for thiſ ſtellature were worthilic ſtoncd to death by the commaundement of the Emperour. An% ,all fraudeſ whatſocuer , are hkiſſ;;ſſi BÞ er cemrRenmmcn8 o> & 1 1 < ed pme or 0 4 278 The|Hiſtory:of Serpentſ. taxed by thiſ name , vvhich were not puniſhable—but by the doomic of the ſlipreame ot higheſt Iudge, and there—vppon Alciatwſ made thiſ Emþl%mqf(fliowing. oUoN: t Parna lacerta, utriſ Stellituſ corpore guttiſ 40 Stellio, qui latebraſ & tann buſta colit ©—Fpwidie provique dolifert[pmbola, pit uſ — * *Hew nimium nuribuſ counita Zelotypiſ | \' 3 22 iam turpt obtegitur, faciemlentigine, quiſquiſ 5 Y DHCO Sþþ quibuſ immerſuſ Stelliv.vina bibat. . 3 I—! > Hine vindiGafrequenſ,decepta pellice vine, 3 56 3 2 ©*400>: Oyam fornix amiſſo flore relinguit amanſ. Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; FWYIT HRV The little Lyzard, or Stellion ſtarred in body graine In ſecrete holeſ; and graneſ of dead which doth remaine, Whenpainted youit ſce, or drayne before the eye, + A ſymbole then you view of deepelleceit and carſed enny : Alaſ thiſ iſ dthing to icalouſ wineſ knowne t00 well, For whoſvener of that Wine dothdrinke hiſ fill Wherein a Stellion hath beene drencht to death, Hiſface with filthy lentile ſpotſ alloglyit appeareth, | Heyre—with a Lower oft requiteſ the frande of concubine, Deprining her of beautieſ hiew by draught of thiſ [ame wine. ThePoct Onidhath a pretty fiction of the otiginall ofthiſ curſed enuy in Stellionſ, for he writeth of one Abſſ the ſonne of Meramcira, that reccined Cereſ kindly into her houſe, and gaue her hoſpitalitie, whereat the ſaid Ab@ſ becing diſpleaſed , derided the ſacrifice which hiſ mother made to Cereſ : the Goddefſe ſecing the wretched nature of the young man, and hiſ extrcameimpietic againſt the ſacrifice of hiſ Mother , tooke the VV inc lett in the goblet after the Sacrifice, and poured the ſame vppon hiſ head, wherevpon he waſ immediarly turned into'a Stellion, aſ it iſ thuſ related by Oyid, Mctam: 50 Combibit oſ maculaſ, & qua modo brachia geſſiſ Crura gerit, cauda eſt mutatiſ addita membriſ : TIngne brenem formam , ne ſit viſ magna nocendſ HB Contrahitur , paruaque minor menſur a lacerta e% . In Engliſh thuſ; Hiſ mouthſuckt in theſe ſþotſ * and now where armeſ did ſtand, Hiſ leggeſ appeare , and to hiſ changed partſ waſ put a tayie, And leaſt it ſhould hane power to harme, ſmallwaſ the bodieſ band, And of the Lizardſ poyſonouſ, thiſ leaſt in ſbape did wayle. Their bodyeſ are very brittle, ſo aſ if at any time they chaunce to fall, they breake their rayleſ. They lay very ſmall eggeſ, out of which they are generated : and Pliny writeth that the inyce or liquor of theſe eggeſ layde vppon a manſ body, cauſeth the hayre to fall off, and alſo neucr more permitteth it to grow againe. But whereaſ wee hane ſaid, it devou— ,xeth the ſkinne, to the damage & hurt of men, you muſt remember, that in auncienttime the people did not want their pollicieſ and deniſeſ to take way thiſ ſkinne from them be— fore they could eate it. And therfore in the Sommer—time they watched the lodging place 'and hole of the Lyzard, and then in the end of the winter toward the Spring, they tooke Reedeſ and did cleaue them in funder, theſe they compoſed into little Cabonetſ , and ſet them yvppon the hole of the Serpent : Now when it awaked and would come forth, it be— © ing grieued with the thickneſ and ſtraightneſ ofhiſ ſkinne , preſſeth out of hiſ hole tho— rough thoſe Reedeſ or Cabonet , and finding the ſame ſome—what ſtraight, iſ the more gladde to take it for a remedie ; ſo by'little and litrle it ſlydeth thorough, and becing tho— rough, it leaucth the ſkinne behind in the Cabonet;, into the which it cannot reenter to devuoure Io 30 40 0 V Of the Seeltion. 35 devoure it. Thuſ iſ thiſ wylie Serpent by the pollicie of man i i which it ſo greatly deſireth to poſi%ſſc, a{;d chZnginv na::?x ,] l:glſi\?cc%?sdgg;tle:ovſivl;ictl]%t coate, iſ prevuented from that gluttony, it becing ſufficient to haue had it for a coucr[in cſilz \\EXY([)C:Þ l:x;;i. therefore vnſufferable that it ſhould make foode thereof, , and it theſame in Theſe Stellingſ (like aſ other Serpentſ) haue alſo theyr encmieſ in nature, aſ firſt of al t{vzy arc{l_attd by the Affeſ, for they loue to be about cbz maungerſ and rackeſ on [\ch})licil the Aſſe feedeth, and fx*om thence many timeſ they creepe into'the Afſſeſ open noſtrillſ and by that meaneſ hinder hiſ eating. But abouc all other , there iſ greateſt antipath in nature betwixt thiſ Serpent and the Scorpion, for ifa Scorpion doe but ſee one %f thz:ſe it falleth into a deepe feare, and a cold ſweat,out of which it iſ deliuered avaine very cen dily : and for thiſ cauſe a Stellion putrified in oyle , iſ a notable rcm:dic?lgainſt thePby. ting of a Scorpion, and the like warre and difſention, iſ affirmed to be betwixt the Stelli. onand the Spyder. rauu \ W echaue ſhewed already , the difference of Stellionſ of Italie from them of Greece, how theſeare of a deadly poyſonouſ nature, and the other innocent and harmeleſſe and thereforenow it iſ alſo conucnient, that wee ſhouldſhew the nature and cure ofi Lhis)poyq fon, which iſ in thiſ manner. Whenfocuer any man iſ bytten by a Stcllion , hee hathache and payne thereofconti— 20 Dually, and the wound receiued looketh very pale in colour, the cure whercof, according _, _ to theſaying of Actie, iſ to make a playſter of Garlicke and Leckeſ mixed together ; or "E£** elſe to eate the ſaid Garlice and Leekeſ , drinking after them a good draught of ſvvecte Wine, vomixed and very pure, or elſeapply Myge//a Romana, Se/ſamjne, and ſweet water ynto it. Some (aſ Arzoldnſ writeth) preſcribe for thiſ cure the dungeof a Faulcon , or & Scorpion to be bruiſed all to peeceſ,and layd to the wound. Butſometimeſ it happeneth, that a manſ . mcate or drinke iſ corrupted with Stellionſ thatfall intothe ſame from ſome high place whete they deſire to be clymbing, and then if theſame meateor VV inc ſo cor: rupted be eaten or drunk, it cauſecth ynto the partie a continuall yomiting & payne in the ſtomacke. Then muſt the cure be made alſo by vomitſ to anoyd the poyſon, and by Gly. o ftetrſ to open the lower paſſage, that ſo there may be no ſtoppeor ſtay,to kecpe the impri— ſoned meate or drinke in the body. And principally thoſe thingeſ are preſcribed in thiſ caſe, which are beforecxprefſied in the Cantharideſ , when:a man kath by any accident beene poyſoned by eating of them. — The remedieſ which are obſcrued:out of tlfiſ Serpent'are theſe : Becing eaten by Hawkeſ, they make them quickly to caſt theyr old coateſ or featherſ. Otherſ:give it in meate afrer it iſ bowelled, to them that haue the Falling—ſickneſſe. Alſo when the head, Cre/eew: feete, and bowelſ are taken away, it iſ profitable for thoſe perſonſ which cannot hold in their vrine, and becing ſodden,iſ given againſt the Bloody—flixe. Alſo ſodde in wine with blacke Poppy—ſeede, cureth the payne of the loyneſ, if the wine be drunke vp by the ſicke 0 patent. i y 4 The oyle of Stellionſ becing annoynted vpon the arme—holeſotpitteſ of chyldren, or young perſonſ, it reſtraineth all hayre for cuer growing in thoſe placeſ. Alſo the oyle of Steliionſ, which are ſod in Oyle—oliue with Lyzardſ, do cure all boyleſ and wenneſ,con—» ſuming them without launcing or breaking. And the aſheſ of the Stellion are moſtprin. cipally commended againſt the Falling—ſickneſ, like aſ alſo iſ the ſSkinne or truncke, aſ we haue ſaid before. The head burned and dryed;and afterward mixed with Honny—attick, iſ very good againſt the continuall dropping or running of theeyeſſ and in the dayeſ of Pliny, he writeth that they mixed Sribamſ here—withall. The hart iſ of ſogreat force, that it being eaten, bringeth amoſtdeepe and dangerouſ ſlecpe, aſ may appeare by theſe yerſeſ, Pliny, go Mande cor , & tantuſ proſternet corpora ſommnuſ, Vt ſcindi poſſunt abſque dolore manuſ, Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; | i a Eate you the hart, and then ſich ſleepe the body will poſſeſſeſ That handſ may from the ſame jbEſi.ſi cut awypay paineleſſe i —* e 2 280 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. * To conclude, the Phiſitianſ haue carefully obſerued ſundry medicineſ out of the egſ, gall, and dunge of Stellionſ, but becauſe I write for the bencfit of the Engliſh Reader , I will ſpare their relation, ſeeing we ſhall not neede to feare the byting of Stellionſ in Eng. land, or exþc&any druggeſ among our Apothecarieſ out of them , and therefore I yvill hcere end the hiſtory of the Stellion. OF —THE— TYRE. } 1o Here be ſome which haue confounded thiſ Serpent yvith P Ethc Viper, & raken them both to be but one kind, or at leaſt A\ the Tyreto be a kind of Viper , becauſe the Arabianſ call a A\ Pall\\ Viper Thiron,of the Grecke word Therien, which ſignifieth a GPZ—| wild beaſt, & whatſocuer the Grzecianſ write of their Echid— ?\ #4, thav iſ their Viper, the ſame thingſ the Arabianſ wiite of \the Tyre, and Leonicenmſ compiled a whole booke in the de— \ adindged her perpetually to carry her houſe on her backe, and for thiſ cauſe they fable,that the Tor— toyeciſ newer ſeparated from her houſe. —_ : i plaminiuſ the Rovaan diſwading the Acheanſ from artempting the Iflſſxffd of Zacyn— thiſ; vſed thiſ Argument jand ſo afterward T: Lidivſ: Caterum ſieut T cſindinem, whicol— lecta in ſuum tegumen eit, tutam ad ommeſitiuſ vidi eſſe : vbit exerit parteſ aliquaſ quod— cunane pudauit , —obnoxium atque infirmum habere : Hct_md di zmz_lzſifer vobiſ {hhxez, clauſiſ wnſi?jque- mariſ , quodintra Peloponneſum eit , termind, ca & iungere vobiſ , C inndta enerifatile : ſt ſemel.quiditate plura amplectendi hinc excedatiſ, nuda vobiſ ommia qul.e extra Sint & expoſita ad omneſ jetuſeſſe . Thuſ farre Pling. That xs'to_ſay, Eucdn aſ vvf hcn chſi Tortoyceiſ gathered within the compaſſe of her ſhell , then iſ it. ſafeand free tom zctz ſtroakeſ; and fecleth.,no violence , but whenſocuer ſhee putterh foorth a Limbe or pait, then iſ it naked, infirme, and caſic to be harmed : So iſ it vvith you Acheanſ, for by rea— Ec4 ſon 284. } T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. ſon of the encloſed ſeate of Pelopepmeſwſ within the ſtraightſ of the Sea , you may well wind all that together, and becing contoyned,aſ well defend it : But if once your auidiouſ and couctouſ mindeſ to gette more, appeare and ſtretch it ſelfe beyond thoſe limitſ, you ſhall lay open your naked infirmitie and weakeneſſe , to allforce, bloweſ , and violence whatſocuer. W herefore, the Tortcyſe careth not for flyeſ, and men with good armour care not much for light and eaſic aducerſarieſ. Alciatuſ hath a vvitty Emblem of a Torteyſe to expreſſe a good huſwife , and that the fame of her vertueſ, ſpreadeth much further then eyther beautie orticheſ. AlmaVenuſ quanam hac facieſ quid denotat illa to Teſtudo, molli quam pede dina premiſ ? Meſic effſinxit Phidiaſ ſexumgue referri Feeinineum noſtr a inſſit ab effigie, Quodd, manere domi, C& tacitaſ debet efſe pucllaſ Suppoſuit pedibuſ talia ſigna meiſ, Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; Loneſ holy God, what meaneſ that vely face ? What doth that Torteyſe ſignifie in deede ? "Which thon 6 Goddeſſe vnder [oft foote doveſ? pace, Declare what meaneſ the ſame to me with ſpeede ? Fit 20 Such iſ the ſhape that Phidiaſ did me frame , And bade me goe reſemble women—kind, To teach them filence, and in houſe remaine, Suchpiltureſ vnderneath my feete you find, There iſ a manifold vſe of Torteyſeſ, eſpecially of their coucr or ſhell, and likewiſe of theyr fleſh, which commeth now to be handled. And firſt of all , the auncient ornament i i J ofBeddeſ, Chamberſ, Tableſ, and Banguetting—houſeſ, waſ akind of artificiall vvorke, Cir.tlſiſ. called C4r#ilimſ, and thiſ waſ framed in golde and filuer, braffe and wood, Tuory & Tor— teyſe—ſhellſ ; but, Modo /yxuria nop fuerit contentaligno , iam lignum emi teſtudinem facit : T at iſ to ſay ; Ryot not contented, ſought preciouſ frameſ of wood ; and againe, the vſe of vvood, cauſed Torteyſe ſhellſ to be deetely bought ; and thereof alſo complayned the the Poct Zwxenall, where he Gaith ; ; 8 wo Nemo curabat Rinaliſ in Oceani fludtu teSudo nataret Clarum Troingeniſfattura & nobile fulerum. TIn Engliſh thuſ ; Then none did care for Torteyſe in the Occan—flood, To make the noble bedſ for Troianſ blood. 40 Sitivnſ W e have ſhewed already that there are certaine people of the Eaſt called Chelyphag?, Saab, Which live by eating of Torreyſeſ, and with theyr ſhellſ they couer theyr houſeſ, make all theyr veſſellſ, rowe in them vppon the water , aſ men vſe to trowe in boateſ , and make them likewiſe ſerue for many other vſeſ. But aſ concerning the eating of the fleſh of Torteyſeſ, the firſt that enuer weeread that vſed thiſ ill dyet , vvere the Amazonſ , according aſ Celimſ Rhod® and other Authourſ writeth. Beſideſ, Aloyſ/mſ Cadamui?uſ afirmcth, that he himſelfe did taſt of the fleſh of a Torteyſe; and that it waſ white in colour, much like vnto Veale, and not vnpleaſant. But ' Raſiſ iſ of a cleane contrary opinion , condemning it for very vnſauourie , and vawhole— ſome, becauſe the taſte and temperament thereof;iſ betwixt the Land and the Wiater, it beeing a beaſt that lineth in both Elementſ. And in eating heereof the Greecianſ hane a prouctbc,Cheloneſ kreaſ he phagein, he mephagein: That iſ, eyther cate Torteyſe ficſh, or cate it not..Meaning that when we eate it, we muſt eate nothing elſe, and therefore muſt be filled ſufficiently onely with that kind of meate : For to catelittle, breedeth freiting in 0 < Of the Tortoyce. 285 in the belly, and to cate much iſ aſ good aſ a purgation, according to the obſeruation of many a&i0ſ, which being done Frigide & ignauiter,that iſ,coldly & ſlothfully to halueſ, doe no good, but beceing done, Acziter & explicatie carneſtly and throughly bring much content and happineſſe. . But I. maruaile why they are vſed in thiſ age, or deſitred by Mcat—mongerſ, ſecing Apiciuſ in all hiſ booke of Variety of Mcatſ,doth not mention them ; and I thereforewil conclude the cating of T ortoyceſ to be dangerouſ, and hatefull to Nature it ſelfe, for vn= leſſeit be taken like a Medicine, it doth little good, and then alſo the Saweeſ and decoc— tiouſ or compoſitionſ that are confected with it, are ſuch aſ doe not onely qualifie, but 13 viterly alcet all the nature of the, (aſ Stephanwſ Aquenſ hath well declared) in hiſ French diſcourſe of Eroggeſ and Tortoyceſ. And therefore to conclude thiſ Hiſtory oftheTor: toyce, I will but recite one riddle of the ſtrangencſſe of thiſ beaſt which Ter#ulia out of Pacuniuſ maketh mention of , and alſo in Greeke by Ado/@hopulwſ , which iſ thuſ tranſla< ted. o Animal peregrine nature, ſine ſpiritu ſpiro; geminiſ occuliſretroiuxta cerebrum , quibuſ ducibuſ antrorſum progredior Super ventre caruleo pergo, ſub quo venter latet albuſ, aper— tuſ & clauſuſ. Oculi non aperiuntur, nef,progredior, donec venter intuſ albuſ vacuuſ e3t. Hoe ſaturato, oculiapparent inſigneſ,C pergo adittr : Et quanguam mutum variaſ edo voceſ : That iſ to lay, 7 am alining creature, of aſtrange nature, I breath without breath, withtwo cyeſ bebinde neere my brayneſ doe Igoeforward,1go vppona blew belly, vnder which iſ alſo another white, open and ſbut , uy eyeſ newer open,l goe forward vntill my belly be em ptywhen it iſ full, thenthey appearc plaine and I'goe on my iourney, and although Iam mute or dumbe, et doe Imake miany voyceſ. The explycation of thiſ riddle, will ſhew the whole nature of thebeaſt, and of the Harpe called Chelyſ. For ſome thingſ are related hercin of the Jiuing Creature, and ſome thingſ againe of an Inſtrument of Muſicke made vppon hiſ ſhell and couct, And thuſ much for the Tortoyce ingenerall,the Medicineſ I will reſerue vnto the end ofthiſ Hiſtory. Y i OF THE TORTOYCE OF THE I ectrtþ, whoſtſh{el/ iſ onely figured. ' 2 0 30 40 1 HeſeTortoyceſ which nertter come iu,watcr,citþcſ ſweet ghl\ or Salt, cleare or muddy ,are called by the Gyxclans Ccthe- lone Cherſiie , by theLatineſ cherſimiſ, avd Ttſtndlfzes,. Terreſtreſ,Sylueſtreſ,and Montanſ,& by Nicanderſ Orme.f and the Frenchpectiiarly Torzue deſ Boyſ, a TOOYcC 9 od. Pit 3 4 thc'ſi::ſc are foundinthedcſattſof A]jſſriqa, aſ in Lſhm $& Srabvo | Manvitania, inthe open feldeſ,and likewiſe in Lidia 1;\ the Corne—fieldeſ, for when the Plow—men come to P owe | their Land, their ſhareſ turnie them out ofthecarth vpox; the 286 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. the furtoweſ aſ big aſ great Glebeſ of land. And the ſhelſ of theſe the Huſbandmen burne on the land, and dig them out with Spadeſ and Mattockſ, enen aſ they doe Wormeſ a— mong placeſ full ofſuch vermine. — : | The Hill Parzheniuſ, and Seron in Arcadia,doc yeeld many of theſe Land—Tortoyceſ., 'The Shell of thiſ liuing Creature iſ very pleaſantly diſtinguiſhed with dinerſ coloutſ, aſ earthy, blacke, blewiſh, and almoſtlike a Salamanderſ . The Liner of it iſ ſmall, yetapt to be blowen or ſwell with winde, and in all other partſ they differ not from the common and vulgar gencerall prefixed diſcription. ; 'Theſe liue in Corne—fieldeſ, vpon ſuch fruitſ aſ they can finde ; and therefore allo they tnay be kept in Cheſteſ or Gardenſ, and fed with Appleſ, Meale, or Bread withourLea— 10 uen. They eate alſo Cockleſ, and Wormeſ of the earth, and threc—leatied—=grafle . They will alſo cate Viperſ, but preſently after they eate Origan, for that herbe iſ an antidore a— gainſt Viperine poyſon for them, and vnleſſethey can inſtantly finde it, they dye of the poyſon. The like vſe it iſ ſayde to hauc of Rue, but the Tortoyceſ of the Sandy Scain Affrigue, linue vpon the fat, dew, and moyſtneſle of thoſe Sandeſ . They are ingendered like other of their kind, & the Maleſ are more venerouſ then the Femaleſ; becauſe the fe— malemuſt needeſ bec turned vppon her backe; and ſhe cannot tiſe againe withouthclpc : wherefore many timeſ the Male after hiſ Iuſt iſ ſatiſfied,goeth away, SEleaueththe poore Female to be deſtroyed of Kyteſ, or other aducrſarieſ : their naturall wiſedome therefore hath taught them to preferre life and ſafety before luſt and plcaſure. Yet Theecrireſ wri— *© teth, of a certaine Hearb, that the Male—Tortoyce getteth into hiſ mouth,and at the time ofluſtturneth the ſame to hiſ Female, who preſently vpon the ſmell thereof, iſ more en= raged for copulation then iſ the Male , and ſo gineth vp her ſelfe to hiſ pleaſure without all feare of cuill, orprouidence againſt future daunger : but thiſ Hearb neither he nor any other can name. They lay Eggeſ in the earth, and do not hatch them, except they breath on them with their mouth, out of which at due 'time come their young oneſ, All the win— ter—time they digge themſelueſ into the earth,and there line without eating any thing;in— ſomuch 2ſ a man woulde thinke they could never liue againe , but in the Summer and — warme weather they dig themſelueſ out againe without danger. The Tortoyceſ of India in their old and full age change their ſhelſ and couctſ, but all 30 other in the World neuer change or caſt them . Thiſ Tortoyce of the earth iſ an enemy to Viperſ, and other Serpentſ, and the Eagleſ againe are encmiceſ to thiſ,not ſo much for haired aſ deſitouſ thereoffor Phyſicke, againſt their ſickneſſeſ & diſeaſeſ of Nature ; and therefore they are called in Grecke Chclowophagoi aetoi, Tortoyce—eating—Eagleſ : for al— though they cannot come by them out of their deepe and hard Shell, yet they take them vp into the ayre, and ſo let them fall downe vppon fome hard ſtone or Rocke, and there— vpon it iſ broken all to peeceſ, and by thiſ meanſ died the famouſ Poct E/chileſ, vvhich kind of fate waſ foretold him,that ſuch a day he ſhould dye : wherefore to auoyd hiſ end, in a fayre Sunnc—ſhine cleare day he ſat in the fieldſ, and ſuddenly an Eagle Iet a Tortoyce fall downe vpon hiſ head which brake hiſ ſcull, and cruſhed out hiſ brayneſ, whereupon 40 the Grzecianſ wrote ; ® Alianto. Aeſchulo graphonti, epipeptoke Chelone, Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; i Eſchiluſ writing vpon a rocke, A Tortayce falling, hiſ braineſ out knocke. Thevſeſ of thiſ Land Tortoyce, are firſtfor Gardenſ, becauſe they cleare the Gar. denſ from Snayleſ and Wormeſ : out of the Azrcadian Tortoyceſ they make Harpſ, for their ſhelleſ ate very great, and thiſ kind of Harp iſ called in Latine ZeſZado, the inuentor whereof iſ ſaid to be Meycury, for finding a Tortoyceafter the falling in of the River NF— luſ, whoſe fleſh waſ dryed vp, becauſe it waſ. left vppon the Rockeſ, hee ſtrucke the ſin— neweſ thereof, which by the force of hiſ hand,; made amuſicall ſound,and thereuponhce framed it into a Harp, which cauſed other to imitatchiſ action, and continue that prac— tiſe yato thiſ day. . | em 0 Theſe _..,_..m-—ſſw-———-ſſ,.,_-ſi._ſſ,m__ſſct-ſſ-ſſ avox.Of the (lſi_'_'o_rtqyce. »: dThoke,l orſſyſi@fctcſiſimct megre then the:Sca or Wiater—Tortoyceſ; And therefo they are preferred for the belly ; eſpecially they are givien to Horſcs,er by tlzemt [Zſct;fzxr: xgzſſid l?j figſhh, and mademuch fatecre And thuſ much ſhallſuffice for the Tortoyce of thecathRR ;owuport ork — ot Sefl the t 9 OF— THE TORTOYCE OF—ThHE. pinex ſia:eete-watef,- clattmoymctrt n3 —>) Liny maketh fourekindeſ of Tortoyceſ, one of the earth,a ſecond | of the Sea, a third called Z##47/a, and the fourth called Swyda, ly= "\| uing in Sweete—waterſ, and thiſ iſ called by the Portugallſ Cag@ſ \| do; and Gagado, the Spaniardſ Galapag, and the Iralianſ Gaiandre ©F|| de aqua. There are of thiſ kinde found in Felwe#/a, necte to Zuſ } J || ricke , at a T owne called Apdelſinge : butthe greateſarefound in the River Gapgeſin India, where theyr ſhelſ are aſ great aſ tunſ; !) and Damzaſcen writeth,that he ſaw certaine Ambaſſadourſ of In+ © '*—< dia, preſent vnto Arguuſ Ceſar at Antiochia, a Swezte—warerſ , Tortayce , yyhich waſ three cubitſ broad . They breede theyr youny oneſ in NF— lyſ. T hey baue but a ſmall Melt, and'tt wantech both a Bladder and reineſ. They breede their young oneſ and lay their Eggeſ on the dry Land, for in the water they dyc withour reſpiration': therefore they digge a holein the Earth wherein they lay theirE ggeſ, aſ it were in a preat ditch)of the quantity of a Barrell,and hauing coucred them with earth,de— part away from them for thirty dayeſ ; afterwardeſ they come againe and yncouer theyr Eggeſ , which they finde formed into young oneſ, thoſe they take away with them into the water: and theſe Tortoyceſ at the invndation of Ni/wſ follow the Crocodileſ, and re, moue their neſtſ and eggeſ from the violence of the floudſ. "There waſ a magicall and ſuperſtitionſ vſe of theſe Sweete—water—Tortoyceſ agaynſt Hayle;for if a man take ove of theſe in hiſ righchand, and carrie'it with the belly vpward 3©? round about hiſ Vingyard, & (o returning in the ſame manner with it, & atterward' lay it vpon the backe, ſo aſ it cannor turne on the belly, but remaine with the fice vpward , all manner of Cloudſ ſhould paſſe oucr that place and neuer empty themſelueſ vppon that Llianng Pallading Vineyard. Burſuch diabolicall and fooliſh obſernationſ were not ſo much aſ to be reme—= : bred in thiſ place, were it not for their ſillineſſe,that by knowing them,men mightlearne the weakeneſſe of humaine wiſedome when it erreth , from the Fountaine of all ſcience and true knowledge (which iſ Diuinity) and the moſtapprooued operationſ ofNawie; And ſo I will ſay no miore in thiſ place of the Sweete—water—T ortoyceſ aſ . OF THE TORTOYCE OF the Sea, _ 4 T were vaproper and exorbitant to handle the Sea—Tortoyte in NAI chiſ place, were it not becauſe it lineth in both elementſ, that iſ, 41 both the water and the Land , wherefore ſecing the earth iſ the 4\| place of hiſ generation, aſ the Sea iſ ofhiſ foode and nouriſhſ d| ment, it ſhall not be amiſſe nor improper (I truſt) to handle thiſ || alo among the Serpentſ and creeping thingſ of the earth. '\| Pliny calleth thiſ Sea—T ortoyce Myſ Marinuſ, a Mouſe of thcl ?—Al| Sea, andAfter him Alberzuſ doth ſ0 likewiſe. T he Arabianſcall . it Arfulhaſth,and the Poruigalleſ Tarſaruga, and in Germany Meer/ſthilthrett, which the common Fiſher—menne call the Sopldl_cr, becauſe hiſ backe ſcemethto bee armed and coucred with a ſhield and Helmet, eſpecially on the forcpart : | cid; MP i ing great veineſ and ſinneweſ which ſhield iſ very thicke, ſrong, and triangular, there being greaty e 138 The Hiftory of Serpentſ. which gocour of hiſ Necke, ſhoulderſ, ard hippeſ, that tycon dndfiſten theſametohiſ bOdY- ſſ a 1 1 t ſi:.' Ok DQ H.ſi'ſi' Z *Hiſforefeer being like handſ, are forked and twiſted very ſtrong, & with which it figh— tethand raketh hiſ prey , and nothing can preſſe it to death except the frequent fitokeſ of Hammerſ.And in al their memberſ except their quantity,& their feet,they are much like the Tortoyceſ of the Eatth, for otherwiſethey are greater, and are alſ6 blacke in tolour. T hey pull in their headſ aſ occaſion iſ miniſtred to them,eyther to fight, feede, or be de— . fended, and theyr whole ſhell or cougerſeemeth to becompounded of fine Plateſ . They haue no teeth, but in the brimmeſ of theyr beakeſ or ſhoutſ are certaine eminent dinided thingeſ like3eeth, very ſharp, and ſhur ypporn the yndrr lippe like aſ the coucr of a Boxe, @ and in the confidence.of theſe ſharp. priekleſ, and the ſtrength of thein handſ and backeſ, they arenot afraydeito fight with men. — ,.. . — . ;—. . t nine grae o —_ Theyr eyeſare moſt cleare and ſplendant, caſting theyr beameſ farre land neate , and alſo they are white in colout, ſo that for their brightnefſe and rare whitencſle; the Appleſ are raken outand included inRingſ, Chaineſ, and Braceletſ .. They—hanie reyneſ which cleaue to their backeſ, aſthe Reineſ of an Bugle or.Oxe. Theyr febteare not apeto be v— ſed in going, for they are like to the feet of Sealeſ or Sea—calueſ, fc:uing in ſtead of Oareſ to ſwim withall. Theit leggeſ are very long, and ſtronger in theiz feet and naileſ, then are the claweſ of the Lyon. . ifp i eSicliſſ> . t o —! They live in Rockeſ and the Sea—ſandſ; and yetthey cannotliue altogethef in the wa. 26 ter, or on the Land, becauſethey want breathing and (leepe, both which they performe ſaole: out of the Water : yet Pliny writeth;cthatmany timeſ they ſleepe on the top of the water, and hiſ reaſon iſ, becauſe they lye ſtill vamooucable, (except with the Watct) and mort like any other Creature that fleepeth, but the contrary appearcth, ſecing they are found to ſleepeon the Land, and the ſhorting noyſe they make iſ but an endevour to breath, which they cannot well doc on thetoppe of the Water , and yet better there then in the bottome. 3 oy — ,, ——< D T hey feede in the night—time, andibe mouth iſ the ſtrongcſt of all other Creatureſ, eSuul for with it they eruſh in peeceſ any thing ,, be it neuer ſo hard, aſ a ſtone or ſuch thingeſ : they alſo come and eate graſſe on the dry Land . (T hey cate certaine little Fiſheſin the 38 WW inter time, at which ſeaſon their mouth iſ hardeſt, and with theſe Fiſheſ they are alſa bayted by men, and ſo taken. Paw/@2imſ writeth, that in Affricathereare Maritine Rockſ called Seeleſte, and there. dwelleth among a creature called Scppop, that iſ Zjzpr0m, a Tor— toyce, and whatſocuer he findeth on that Rockeſ which iſ a ſtranger in the Sca; the ſame Oppiannſ. hſ taketh and caſteth downe headlong. They engender on the Land, and the Female re— Plininſ ſiſteththe copulation with the Male, vatill hee ſet againſt her a ſtalke or ſtemme of ſome T'ree or Plant . They lay their Eggeſ and coucr them in the carth, planing it oner with their breaftſ, and in the night—time they ſit vppon them to hatch them . Their Eggeſ are great, of diuerſ coloutſ, hauing a hard ſhell, ſo that the young one iſ not fromed or brought foorth within leſſe compaſſe then a yeere, (aſ A7/#o#le writeth) but Pliny ſayth o thirty dayeſ. 5 And for aſmuch aſ they cannot by Nature , nor dare for accident long tarry vppon the Land : they ſet certaine markeſ with their feete vppon the place where they lay theyr Eggeſ, whereby they know the place againe, and are neuer decciued . Someagaine ſay, Plutarch: that after they hauc hidde their Egyeſ in the earth forty dayeſ, the Female commeth the inſt fortith day, not fayling of her reekoning, and yncouereth her Eggeſ wherein ſhce findeth her young oneſ formed, vvhich ſhe taketh out aſ ioylfully aſ any man would do Gold out of the earth, and cartyeth them away with her to the Water. They lay ſome— timeſ an hundered Eggeſ, and ſometimeſ they lay feyyer , but cucr the number iſ very reat. \ H & There iſ vppon the left ſide of Z;ſÞariolſ, a little Mland vpon the Port 2eaf2, which iſ t? called Altwſ—zelluſ, where Peter Martyr reporteth ſtraunge thingeſ of many Creatureſ; eſpecially of the Tortoyceſ, for hee writeth, that when they rage in Iuſtforcopulation, 'they come'on ſhore, and there they digge a Ditch whetrein they lay together three or foure hundered Eggeſ, becing aſ great aſ Gooſe—Eggeſ , and when they hauc made an ſ E rud, PES Of the Tortoyce, 289 end, they couer thetn with Sand and go and goe away to ki Perat e Srpovine tineiRNeciy t\r}\; }L to the fSea, not once lookingaſfter them : efereodoenaend oed yendidrouſ Þdy c1 heate o the Sunne, the young Tortoyceſ he 8 » ced into light withour any further helpe of theyr Pa Great iſ th itk caar Cb iſ EI c courage of one of theſe, for it'ſ not aftayde to ſet vppon three men to— gſſc Al ('{1: f{ ;ct\ 'can(})cc turned yvpward vppon the backe, it iſ made weake and vnreſiſta + And if the head t 1 i cied — er feiiin cif 20 it will alſo byteif it can reach it ſiIf b oeSa t TT P at I the heat of the S o alſo grow weake and inflexible; and Zhcrcfore they haH[c]:]] YZZ b%(:zegrr?;v r:l ryctſſ-ſify :Fcm, ?ſ eZ,ſiſi: tþey dye within ſhort time : and for thiſ cauſe thiſ iſ the beſt wavn:cſi: t;lxgz | zcn_l.h n the whotteſtday they are drawne into the deepe, where they ſwimme willing— y with their backeſ or ſhelleſ abouc the Water, where they take breath, and in contin% :\:\cc,};:cc t?unne _ſo hardeneth them, that they are not able to helpe themſelueſ in the Wa: ſ hey grow very faynt and weake, and are taken at the pleaſure of the Fiſhetſ They are alſo taken on the toppeſ of the Water after they returne weaty from theyr feeding in the Night—time, for then tw: - 1 2 ] * at _ & wo men— may eaſily turne them on theyr backeſ a}x)z 6 E] t .de mcanf-whdc another caſteth a Snate vppon them—and draweth them ſafely to o t 1L -ctſih . In the Phezictan Seathey ate taken ſafely without daunger, and generally Viſiz rere they may be turned on theyr backe, there they can make no reſiſtaunce, but where they cannot, many timeſ they wound andkill the Fiſher—men, breaking the netſ aſunder. and lc/; out all the other Fiſh included with them. < Belloniuſ writeth, that there bee of theſe Sea—T ortoyceſ two kindeſ,; on J 3 ſ 6 5 Cl » th — ther round, and both of them breath at theyr Noſeſ, bycauſe they want Gil](z;],gand ctf?e long oneſ are moſt frequent about the Port Torra in the redde Sea, whoſe couct iſ varia— ble, for the Maleſ ſhell iſ playne andſmooth vnderneath,and the Femaleſ iſ hollow. The Turkeſ haue a kinde of Tortoyce, whoſe ſhell iſ bright like. the Chryſolite, of which y » . — I 7 I they make hafteſ for Kniveſ of the greateſt price, which they adorne with Plateſ of gold. 30 Ifſſ Iamboluſ, an Iſland of the South , there are alſo found certaine Monſterſ or lining Brera@ creatureſ, which are not very great,yet are they admirable in Nature,and in the vertuc of E their bloud. Their bodyeſ are round and like the Tortoyce, hauing two croſſe lyneſ ouer theyr Backeſ, in the endſ of which iſ an cye and an eare at eyther ſide,ſo aſ they ſeemic to haue foure careſ, the belly iſ but one, into which the meatc paſſeth outcof the mouth . They bauce feeteround about, and with them they goe both backward and forward... The ver= tue of their bloud iſ affirmed to be admirable: for wharſocuer body iſ eupaſunder & put to%ctfhcr, ifit be ſprinkled with thiſ bloud during the time that it breatheth, it coyniteth aſ betore. C } a The ancient Troglodyteſ had a kindof Sea—Tortoyce, which they call Ce/zinm, which had horneſ, vnto which they faſtened the ſtringſ of thecir Harpeſ, theſe alſo they worſhip— ped and accounted very holy. Yetſome thinke that they might better be. called Celerum then Celtinme, but I thinke ZZeymolawſ dooth better call them Chelitium apo teſ Cheluoſ, which ſignifieth both a Tortoyce and their broad breaſteſ, and with their Horneſ they helpe themicineſ in ſwimming. Albertuſ alſo maketh mention of a T ortoyce called B47— chora, bur it iſ thought to be a cormmpt word from Offra Codermuſ. Theſe Sea—Tortoyceſ are found ſometimeſ, to be eyght cubitſ broad, and inIndia with their ſhelleſ they coucr houſeſ, and ſuch vſe : they alſo put them vnto in Tabrobazſ, t for they haue them fifteene cubitſ broad. And }, ) thuſ Yknuch for all kind of * — , Tortoyceſ. . FfF OB 290 Mercuriall. T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. OFTHE "VTPER. Otwithſtanding the aſſcueration of Swe//a@iſ, who will needeſ exclude the Viper from the Serpentſ, becauſe a Serpent iſ called Ophiſ, and the Viper Echiſ, yet I truſt there ſhall be no teaſonable man that can make excption to the placing of thiſ lining Crea— ture among Serpentſ, for that greatlearned man yvaſ deceined imthat Argument, ſeeing by the ſame reaſon hee might aſ vvell exclude any other,aſ the Snake, Dragon, Scorpion,and ſuch like whohaue their peculiar nameſ ; beſide the generall yvord Ophiſ, 3 —_ and yermighthee alſo haue beene better aduiſed, then to affitme a Viper not be called a Serpent : for eueri in Ari/##c#/e whom he expoundcth and approo— ueth, hee might hbaue found in hiſ fitth Booke of Gew: 2#imal: and the laſt Chopter, that the Viperiſrecorded, Zyzer genera ophcon : T hat iſ, Among the gerderall kindeſ of Ser— pentſ, although aſ wee ſhall ſhew afterward, it differeth from moſt kindeſ of Serpentſ, becauſe it breedeth the young one in hiſ belly, and in the winter—time lyeth in the Rockeſ c and among/ſtoneſ, and hiot in the carth: 6 The Hx@brevveſ aſ it appeareth Efay. 59 and 2ob, 6. call it Aplgnath, and according toMunſter Aphg@aime, pluraily for Viperſ, becauſe of the variety of colourſ, wherewithe all they are ſet all oner. T he Arabianſ from the Grecke word Theree», ſignifieng'all kind Of wilde Beaſteſ, dogalſo call it Thirop, and that kinde of Viper vyhercof iſ made the Triacle, they call a Alafafrai, and Alphai : they alſo callit E0/#22, (aſ Lconitentſ wry— teth,) Beſide, it iſ called Alphe, which ſeemcth to bec deriued of' theH=@breyyeſ, ind Aftſ which may likewiſe be ctonteCtured to ariſe from the Grecke vvord Ophiſ. 31 The Greekeſ callbthe Male peculiarly and properly Ech#ſ, and the Fimale Echidua, and it iſ a Qucſtion whetherthe vulgat werd among the Gacianſut thiſ day Ochendra, doe not alſo ſignify thiſ kinde of Serpent . Bellorjus thinketh , that it iſ corrupted of Echidnathe Female Viper. The Germanſ baue many vyordſ for a Viper, aſ Brandſ Schlangen, Natet—Otter, Heck—Nater, and Viper—Nater. The Freuch Por Vipere. T he Spaſ niardſ Binora , and Bichſa , The Italianſ Vipera, Mirafſe, Sturtia, and Cometimcſ Scor>0— #ei, athough Scorze, and Scorzone, be gencrall wordeſ in Italyforallcreeping Serpentſ withoutfect, and that ſtrike with theyrtceth. 5 " E ad 9 3 4 ſ Thete — @ J 3 & 20 3 4 5 0 0 0 Of the Viper. There iſ alſo about the word A27@/ ſome Queſtion, although Leowicennſ decideth the matter , and maketh it out of all Controncerſie, and Rhodigimuſ thinketh it avery ſignificant vyord deriued from the people A44r/7, bycauſe they carryed about Viperſ. The Mountebankeſ do alſo call Siffili, from Sitilaythe hiſſing yoyce which itmaketh, gomc will hauc Nepſ to be alſo a Viper, yet wee haue ſhewed th%: already to ſignyfic a COſPlOD + i The Greecianſ ſay , that the Viper iſ called Echidwa paro to echin in eante tem gonen achri z*hm.zf_an * bycauſeto her ovyne death ſhee beareth her young one in her Eclly ; and therefore the Latineſ doe alſo callit Vipera, quaſivipariat : bycauſe it. dycth by violence of her byrth or young : and they attribute vnto ityenome and peſtilence, and generally there are feyye Epitherſ vvhich are aſcribed to the Serpent , but they alſo belong vnto. thiſ. T here iſ a pretiouſ Stone Echizeſ,(greeniſh in colour)which ſeemeth to bee like a Viper, and therefore taketh name from it . Alſo an Hearbe Echire, like Scappmorny, and Echidmon or Viperina < InCyrene there are Myce » which from the ſimilitudſ of Viperſ are called Echerute . Echion waſ the name of aman , and Echionide and Echiony, of people,and Echidvzon a Citty beſide the Sea Aigenm : Alſo the Eagle vyvhich by the Poetſ iſ fayned to eate the heart of Promethemſ, iſ likewiſe by them ſayde to beebegot. ten becvvixt Typhow and Echidna, and the ſame Echiduato be alſo the Mother of Chimera: which from the Nauell vpward waſ like a Virgin, and down—ward like a Viper, of which alſo Diedoruſ Siculuſ, and Herodotuſ telleth thiſ ſtory . When Herculeſ waſ dryuing away the Oxen of Geryon, hee came into.Sq7thia, and there fell aflecpe , leauing hiſ Matreſ feeding, on hiſ right hand in hiſ Chatiot, and ſo it happened by diuine accident, that vyhileſ hec ſlept they vvere remooued out of hiſ ſight and ſtrayed ayvay from him . Afterward hee awaked ,and miſſing them, ſought all oucr the Countrey for them ; at laſt hec eame vnto a certaine place, where in a caue hee found a Virgin of a double natured proportion, in one part reſembling a Mayde , and in the 0— ther a Serpent, whereat he wondered much, but ſhee told him, that if he would lyc with her in carnall copulation; ſhee would ſhewc him yyhere hiſ Mareſ and Chariot vyere : whereunto hee conſented and begat vppon her three Sonneſ , famouſ among Pocticall Wiriterſ : Nmely, Agathyr/ſuſ, Gelonwſ, and Scythuſ : but I will not proſecute eyther the nameſ,or theſe Fableſ any further, and ſo I will proceede to the deſcription of Vi— perſ. The colourof Viperſ iſ ſomewhat yellowiſh,hauing vpon theyr ſkinſ many round ſpotteſ, theyr length about a cubit,or atthe moſt three palmeſ.. T he tayle curled, at the end very ſmall and ſharpe, but notfalling into that proportion equally by euen arternua— tion,growing by little and little, but vncuenly ſharped on the ſudden from thickeneſſe to thinneſſe. It iſ alſo without ficſh; conſiſting of ſkinne and bone, and very ſharp. The head iſ very broad , compared with the body , and the Necke much narrower then the head : The eyeſ very redde and flaming, the belly wu']dmg, vppon which it go— eth all in length, euen to the tayle, and it goeth quickly and nimbly : ſome affirme,thatit hath two canyne teeth, and ſome foure.And there iſ ſome difference betwixt the Male & the female ; the female hath a broader head, the neceke iſ not ſo eminent , a ſhorter and thicker body, a more extended tayle, and aſofter pace, al}d foure canyne tccth..Agamc, the Male hath a narrower head, a necke ſwelling or ſtanding vp, a longer and thinner bo— dy,and a ſwifter pace or motion ſo that in the Pictureſ propoſed in thiſ diſcourſe: the firſt of them are for the Male, and the laſt for the Female, and thiſ iſ the peculiar outwgrd difference betwixt the Male and the Female Viperſ. Au/cen ſiYl:h beſideſ, that the taileſ of Viperſ make a noyſe when they goe or moouc. Thoſe are taken to bee the moſt gene— 39t rouſ and lively,that haue the broadeſt and holloweſt head like a Turbot, quick and linely C4Z27 griſtl i ſhort body or tayle, a eyeſ; two canyne tecth, & a griſtie or claw in the Noſeortayle, a ryle, pZÞ colow,a >ſ7wiſc mation , and bearing the head vpward . For the further deſcription © of theyr ſeucrall parteſ . Theyrteeth are very long vppon the vpper chappe, and in number vppon eyther ſide foure, and thoſevyhich are vppon the neather Gumbe are ſo ſmall, aſ they can ſcarce be diſcerned,vntill tl l;)ccnl:oted, thaiv while they liue, or when they bec dead,the lengthc}af theyr ccTſſc(tih ?ncrl]o: Ji 1 aled. In th appeare, excerp you'take from them alitrle bladder, 11r=1 fwzh1chthey yeconceale blaz- they be rubbed and preſſed ; but alſo it iſ to \o ſ Herodetnſ. t The Hiſtory of Seypentſ. Bladder they carty poyſon,which they infuſe into the wound they mak_c with their teeth® They bane no eareſ, yet all other living Creatureſ that generatc their like ,: and bring foorth out of their bellieſ haue eareſ, exceprthiſ, the Sea—Calfe, and the Dolphin, yet in ſtead hereo% they hane acerraine griſtly caue or hollowneſſe in the ſame place where the cateſ ſhould ſtand. 'The Wonibe and place of conception (ſaith P/iny) iſ double, but the meaning iſ, that it iſ clouen aſ it iſ in all Femaleſ (eſpecially women, & Coweſ . ) They conceiue Egoeſ,and thoſe Eggeſ are contained neere theyr Tayneſ or loyneſ. Their ſkin iſ ſoft, yeelding alſo to any'ſtroake, and when it iſ fleyed offfrom the body , it ſtretchcth rwice (o bigge aſ it appeared while ir conered the lining Serpent : To conclude, Phy/iolo— guſ writeth; that their face iſ ſomewbhat like the face of a man, and from the Nauell it re— ſembich £ Crocodile, by teaſon of the ſmall paſſage it hath, for hiſ egeſtion which exeec— dethno: theeye of a Needid. It conceitieth at the mouth. And thuſ much for the deſcrip= tion in generall . 5 There'iſ ſome difference among thiſ kinde alſo , according to the diſtinG@ion of place wherein they liuc, forthe Viperſ in BEthiopia are all ouer blacke like the men, and in 0— ther Countryeſ they differin colour, aſ in England, France, Italy Greece, Aſia, and F— gypt, aſ writerh pe/opinſ. There iſ ſcarce any Nation in the World wherein there are fiot found ſome Viperſ, * The people of Amy7Z 2 which were of the Graecian bloud,droue away all kinde of Serpentſ from amoHg them, yet theyhad Viperſ which did byte mor— rally ; and therefore could neucr bee cured, becing ſhorter then all other kindeſ of Viperſ in the World. — Likewiſe in Arabia, in Syjagreſ, the ſweete Promontoty of Frankinſence, the Eyoper Mountaineſ, Sefron, Pannenia, Aſelenmſ, Corax,and Ripheuſ : the Mountaineſ of A/72, PTEgageſ, Bucarteron, and Cercaphuſ,abound yvith Viperſ. Likewiſe Egypt, and in all Af frica they are found alſo, and the Affrycanſ affirme, (in deteſtation heereof ) that it iſ not ſomuch, Arijmal,aſ Malum nature : That iſ, A living Creature, aſ euill of Nature : To conclude, they are found inall Europe . Somehaue taken exceptionſ to Crete, becauſe Ariſtotle vvriteth, thatthey are not found there, but Ze/e»inuſ affirmeth, that in Creeze al— ſo he ſaw Viperſ which the Inhabitantſ call by the name of Chewdr2 , which ſeemeth to be derived from the Grecke Echidna . At thiſ day it iſ doubted whether they live in Ita— ly, Germaty, or England, for if they doc, they are not knowne by that name : yet I ve— rily thinke that we haue in England a kindc of yellow Adder which iſ the Viper that 2eZ— loniuſ fay heere, for I my ſelfe hauc killed ofthem, not knowing at that time the diffe— tence or ſimilitudec of Serpentſ, but ſince I hane perceinued to my beft remembrance that the proportion and voyce of it did ſhew that it waſ a Viper. The moſt different kindeſ of Viperſ are found in Egypt and Aſia. Concerning the quantity, that iſ the length and greamneſſe of thiſ Serpent, there iſ ſome difference, for ſome affirme it to be of a cubit in length, and ſome more, ſome leſſe. The Viperſ of Europe are very ſmall , in compariſon of them in Affrica, for amorg the Troglodjteſ (aſ writech Elianuſ) they are fifteene cubitſ long, and Nearchwſ affirmieth aſ muchofthc Indian Vipetſ ; Ar##obulwſ alſo writeth of a Viper that hee ſaw which waſ nine cubitſ long, and one hand breadth : and ſome againe (aſ S#7abo affirme) that they hauc ſcene Viperſ ofſixteene Cubitſ long, and Nicander vyritcth thuſ ofthe Viperſ of Adſia; a ; Fert Aſia vlira treſ lingiſ qui tradibuſ vlnaſ Se tepdant, rigidum qualeſ Bucarteron,atqne Arduuſ Aegaguſ,C celſiſ Cereaphuſ intra & Se multoſrefonct. InEngliſh thuſ; Such aſ Afta yeeldſ in lmgt/;, aſ ave three cileſ, In Bucayteron ſteepy rough, theſe Viperſ fleuriſh, Hard Eegaguſ and high Cercaphuſ telſ : FVithin their compaſſe many ſuch do nowriſh: Otherſ 0 ſ 40 Fo Of the Uiper, Otherſ there bec in A/#aſixteene foote long, and ſome there bee againe twenty , aſ in the Golden C@/Zigli4,where theyrheadſ are like the headſ of Kiddeſ . There be ſome that make difference betwixt Echiſ and Eehidoi , bycauſe one of them when it byteth cauſcth a conuulſion, and (o docthnot the other; and one of them maketh the wounci Scaliger. looke white, the other pale, and when the Echiſ byteth, you ſhallſee but the impreſſion Cardan of two teeth, and when the Echid#a byteth you ſhall the impreſſſonofmore tecth . But theſe differenceſ are vety ydle, for the variery of the payne may ariſe from the conſtituti— on of the body ,or the quantity of the poyſoin,and ſolikewiſe ofthe colour of the wound, . ,, and it iſ already ſet dovyne, that the Ech/ſ or Male—Viper hath but two Canynetecth, tf 50 but the other : namely, the Echidpa hath foure, thuſ ſaych Nicander ; 293 Maſculuſ emittit, hotuw: color, ipſe caninoſ Binoſ perpctup monſtrat, ſed famina plureſ. W hich may be engliſhed thuſ; b The Male two canyne tecth, whoſe coloxy well iſ knowne, But in the Female more continually are ſhowneſ . Butyet the Male hath beſide hiſ Canyne teeth , aſ many aſ hath the Female : and beſideſ the Male iſ knowne from the Female, aſ the ſame Ni/cazder vvritethy becauſe the 20 Female vyhen ſhee goeth, drayveth her tayle aſ though ſhee vverelame, but the Male more manlike and nimble, holdeth vppe, hiſ head , ſtretcheth out hiſ rayle, reſtrayneth the breadth ofhiſ belly , ſettethnot vppec hiſ Scaleſ (aſ doeth the Female ; ) and beſideſ, dravveth out hiſ body atlength. . © ſ The Meate of theſe Viperſ are preene Hearbeſ, and alſo ſometimeſ liuing Crea— tureſ vand namely, Hore—Ayeſ, Cantharideſ, P#/h/ocampeſ,and ſuch other thingſ aſ they Gallep: c2n come by , for theſe are fir and conuenient meate for them . Ay/#orle writeth , that ſometimeſ alſo they eate Scorpionſ, and in Arabia they not onely delight in the ſyveete myce of Balſ@@, but alſo in the ſhadow ofthe ſame. But abouc all kindſ of drink,they are moſt inſatiable of wine. Sometime they make but little foldſ, and ſometime greater, but 3 0 in their wrath their eyeſ flame, they turne their taileſ and put forch their double tongue: In the winter—time aſ we haue ſaid alteady, they liue in the hollow Rockſ, yet Pliny affir< meth, that thenalſo they enter into the carth, and become tradQable and tangibleby the <#/f*#/# handſ ofman for in the cold weather they are nothing ſo fierce aſ they are in the hot, and in the Sommer alſo they are not atiall timeſ alike furiouſ , but like to all other Serpentſ. "They are moſt outragiouſ in the Canicular daicſ, for then they neucer reſt, but with'con— tinuall diſquier moouce vp & downe'till they are dead or emptied of their poyſon, or feele an abatement of their heate. Twiſein the yeare they caſt their ſkinſ, that iſ to ſay, in the Spring, and in the Autumne : and in the ſpring time when they come out of their hole of winter lodgingſ,they help the dimneſſc of their eye—ſight by rubbing their eyeſ vpon fen— 40 nell. But concerning their copulation and generation ,I find much difference among wri— terſ : wherefore in amatter ſo neceſſary to be knowne, I will firſt of all ſet downe the opi. nion of other men,aſwell Hiſtorianſ aſ Poctſ,and then in the end& contluſion,I will be ,44;;2474, bold to interpoſe my owneiudgement for the better information of the Reeder . Herodo— zuſ in hiſ Thalia writetk, that when the Viperſ begin to rage in luſt, and deſire to couple one with another, the Male commeth and putteth hiſ head into the mouth of the female, who iſ ſo inſatiable in the deſire of that copulatio,chat when the male hath filled her with all hiſ ſeed—genitall, and ſo would draw forth hiſ headagaine, ſhe byteth it off,& deſtroy— eth her huſband , whereby he dyeth and neuer linethmore : butthe female dcgzrteth and conceineth hir young in hir belly, who enuery day according to nattireſ inclivation, grow go to perfection and ripeneſſe, and atlaſt in reuenge of their fatherſ death, doe likewiſe de— ſtrcſizy their mother, for they eate out her belly,and by an vonaturall iſſie come forth into thelight of thiſ world : and thiſ thing iſ alſo thuſ witneſſed by Nicdnder ; e dAviſtuile Cum durumfugienſ morſwigneſcentiſ echidneg prendit echiſ, vel vbifernente libidiniſ eſtu Saeun dente ſiti reſecat caput illſ mariti. F3 Aſt 2 94 T he Hiſtory oſ Serpentſ. AMX vhipoſt vegetam ceperunt pignora vitam, . Iam propingua adſunt maturitempora partuſ, Indignam chari mertem vlciſcentiapatriſ Eroſamiſcranaſcuntur matriſ ab aluo. InEngliſh thuſ ; When the Male Viper gnaſbeth, anoyding Femaleſ bite, 'VVboſe frery rage iſ allen ardent luſt, Yet when he burneſ for copulation right, Her cynelltooth doth Huſbandſ head off cruſh. IQ i But yet alaſſe, when ſcedeſ beginſ to line, And birth of young oneſ ripen in her wombe, Then they for Fatherſ, death a fullrenenge do gine, Eating forth their wretched motherſ ſtrong, Vinto thiſ agreeth Galep, J/idor, Plutarch, Eilianuſ : and Lucan who wtiteth ; Viperei coeunt abrupto corpore nati. T hat iſ to ſay : The geniture of Viperſ blond to Engender, breaking bodieſ good. Pliny agreeth with the reſidue for the death of the Male in carnall copulation, but hee differeth in thiſ, about the Female, affirming that when the young Viperſ grow ripe and perfed in their Motherſ beily , ſhe caſtech foorth euery day one for three dayeſ together, {for her number iſ ſometimeſ twenty) at laſt the other, mpatient of delay , gnaw out her gutſ and belly, and ſo come foorth, deſtroying their Mother : And here iſ no great diffe. rence,for in the ſumme and deſtru&ion of Father and Mother, they all agree, and Saint Ierom, Saint Baſill,and Hormſ doe agree and ſubſcribe to the truth of theſe opinionſ.Thuſ we haue ſhewed the opinionſ of the Ancient and firſt Writerſ : now it followeth that we ſhould likewiſe ſhew the opinionſ of the later W riterſ , which I will performe with aſ great breuity and perſpicuity aſ I can, Piezinſ therefore writech , that in hiſ time there were learned men deſitrouſ to know the truth, who got Viperſ,and kept them aliue, both Maleſ and Femaleſ, by ſhurting them vp ſafe where they could ncither eſcape out, nor doe harme, and they found that they engendred, broughtforth, and conceiued like other Creatureſ, without death or ruine of Male and Female. Amatuſ Luſitanuſ alſo writeth thuſ . The Male and Female Viper engender by wrea— thing their tayleſ together, cuen to the one halfe of their body, and the other halfe ſtand— eth vpright, mutually kiſſing one another. In the Male there iſ a genitallmember in that part beneath the Nauell, where they embrace, which iſ very ſeeret and hidden, and a— 40 Sainſt the ſame iſ the Femaleſ place of conception, aſ may appear manifeſtly to him that willlooke after the ſame ; and therefore all the Philoſopherſ and Phyſitianſ haue bin de— ceined, that haue wrote they haue conceiued at theyr mouth, of that the Male periſhed at the time of engendering, or the Female at the time of her delivery . Thuſ Gaith Apa— F15. } Theophraſtuſ he likewiſe writeth in thiſ manner . The young Viperſ doenot cate out their way, or open with their teeth theyr Motherſ belly, nor (if I may ſpeakemerrily) make open their owne paſſage by breaking vp ofthe dooreſ of their Motherſ womb, but the wombe being narrow, cannot containe them ; and therefore breaketh of it owneac— cord : and thiſ I haue prooucd by experience, euen aſ the ſame falleth out wich the Fiſh o called Acwuſ : and therefore I muſt craue pardon of Herodotuſ , if I affirmc hiſ relation of the generation of Viperſ to be meerely fabulouſ. Thuſ farre Thegphraſtuſ. Apolloniuſ al— %wtircth, that many haue ſcene the olde Viperſ lycking theyr young oneſ like other Serpentſ. (Celinſ Thuſ hane I expreſſed the different indgementſ of ſundry Authorſ both new & olde touching 9 we reot Of the "Viper. 29% rouc_hir_:g the genceration of Viperſ,out of which can be colleGed nothing but cuident co— tradiGtionſ, and vareconcileable indgementſ, one mutually croſſing another. So aſ it iſ vopoſſible that they ſhould beboth true,and thereforcit muſt be our labour to ſearch out the truth, both in their wordſ, and in the conference of other Author®Wherefore to be— ginne, thuſ writeth A7;ſ/or/e. The Viper amongſt other Serpentſ, almoſtalonebringeth forcth a living creature, butfirſt of all ſhe conccinueth a ſoft egge of onecolour , abouc the eggoſ lyeth the young oneſ folded vppein a fynneſ ſkinne, and ſome—timeſ it falleth out, thar they gnaw in ſunder that thinne ſkinne, and ſo come out of theirmotherſ belly all in one day, for ſhe bringeth forth more then twentie at a time. ' Out of theſe wordſ of Arii#fatle, euilly vnderſtood by Plinj and other auncient Wiyſ terſ, came thaterrour of the yourig Vipetſ eating their way out of their motherſ.—belly, for in ſtead of the litcle thinne ſkinne which A,/#o#/e ſaith they catethorough, other Au— thorſ haue turned it to the belly, which waſ cleane: from A7/@#0r/eſ meaning.: And ano— ther error like vnto thiſ, iſ that wherecin they affirme, that the Viper dotheuery day bring forch one young one, ſo that if ſheehath twentie young oneſ in her belly , themalſo fhee muſt be twenty dayeſ in bringing of themforch. —==> > i The wordſ of Ari#fotle ftro whence thiſ errour iſ gathered, are theſe , TeeZei de en mia emera kathon, Trttei de pleio he ei koſni, which are thuſtranſlated by Gao# , [Parit enim ſin— guloſ dicbuſ ſinguliſ, plureſ quam vigintinumero : That iſ to ſay , ſhe bringeth forth euery a o day one, more then twentic in number. But thiſ iſ an abſlurd tranſlation, and agreeth nei— ther with the wordſ of Ariſfarle, nor yet with hiſ mind; for hiſ wordſ are theſe :* Parit an— tem vna die ſinguloſ, parit antem pluſ quam viginti numere. T hat iſ to lay in Engliſh , ſhee bringeth forch euery one in one day, and ſhee bringeth foorth more then twentie" ſo that the ſence of theſe wordſ ſhall be, that the V iper bringeth forch her young oneſ ſeucrallie, one at a time, but yet all in a day. But concerning her number, neither the Phyloſopher, nor yet any man liuing;, iſ able to define and ſet it downe certaine, for they varry, being ſometimeſ more,and ſometimeſ fewer, according to the nature of other lining ereatureſ. And although the Viper do con— ceine eggeſ within her, yet doth ſhee lay them after the manner of other Scrpentſ, but in 30 her body they are turned into lining Viperſ, and ſo the eggeſ neuer ſee the ſunne, neither doth any mortall eyc behold them, except by accident in the difſeQion of a female Viper when ſhe iſ with young.. I cannot alſo approuc them that doe write , that one, namelic the Viper, among all Serpentſ, bringeth forth her young oneſ aliue, and perfed into the world, for Nicſander and Greninuſ, doc truly affirme , with the conſtant conſent of all o— ther Auchorſ, that the horned Serpent called Ceraſfeſ, of which we haue ſpoken alreadie, doth likewiſe bring forth her young oneſ aliue. And beſideſ, Herodormſ writeth of cerraine winged—Serpentſ in Arabia, which doe bring foorch young oneſ aſ wellaſ Viperſ , and therefore it muſt not be concluded with apparant falſehood, that onely the Viper bring— eth her young oneſ perfe&into the world. C ] | o The like fable vnato thiſ, iſ that generallconceit ofthecopulation togethcrct,bcrWlxc the Viper and the Lamprey ; for it iſ reported that when the Lampicy l_arurncth in luſtfor co— pulation, ſhe forſaketh the waterſ, and commeth to the Land , ſeeking out the lodging of the male Viper, and ſo ioyneth herſelfe vnto him for' copulation. He againe on the other ſide, iſ ſo tickled with defſire hereof, that forſaking hiſ owne dwelling a_nd hiſ owne kind, doth likewiſe betake himſelfe vnto the waterſ and Rinerſ fideſ, where in an amotouſ ma— ner, hee hyſſeth for the Lamprey, like aſ when a young man goeth to meere and call hiſ Louc ; ſo that theſe two creamreſ, lining in contrary clementſ , theScarth and the water, yet meete together for the fulfilling ofthecir luſtſ in one bed of fornication.. Vppon which Saint Baſil/writeth in thiſ manner: Vipera z_nfiffiſtſſmam animal corurque Serpuntcum thir . o yena congreditur . crc. That iſ to ſay ,the Viper a moſtpernitiouſ fcr;(eſin]:y 1[10 fil! {umdg cl;f:(; ping thingſ, yet admittech copulationwith the Lamprey, for heh orſaket thc zg] 5 ſiſi goethto the warer—ſide, and there with hiſ hyſſing voyce,givet _nouc; to the other 0 hl: preſence, which ſhe hearing, inſtantly forſakech the decpe waterſ , an c{\m\[];mg to t t Land, ſuffereth herſelfe to be embraced by that venomouſ beaſt. Alſo Nicapaer wriyteth thuſ thereofin hiſ verſeſ. FF4 Fima | / 296 Elianuſ Strabo. T be Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Tama eſt,ſi modo verſ, quod har ſuapaſiualinquat inSk Atgue eat inficeum cogente libidine , littuſ EtcumVipereo coienſ ſerpente granetur. Which may be engliſhed thuſ ; Fame {aith (if it be true) that ſhe hey feede forſakeſ, I meane the ſhore, and goeſ vpon dry land, < Where for her luit the Viper—male ſhe takeſ, In fleſbly coiture to be her huſband: +>* V anſ 10 But thiſ opinion iſ vaine and fantaſticall, aſ PZ»yand diverſ otherſ hane very learned— ly prooued,for the Lamprey cannot liue on the Land,nor the viper in wet placeſ, beſideſ — the waterſ : and therfore,; beſideſ the impoſſibility in nature, it iſ not reaſonable that theſe willhazard their owne liueſ,by foraking their owne elementſ for the ſatiſfaGion of their luſtſ,chere becing plenty ofeyther kindeſ to worke vppon , that iſ to ſay, both of female Viperſ in the Land, to couple with the male, and maleLampreyſ in the water, to couple with the female. ti \ Although I hauc elſe—where confuted thiſ exrour, yet I muſt heere againe remember that which iſ ſaid already. T he occaſion of thiſ fable iſ thiſ ; the male Lamprey iſ excec— ding like a Viper, for they want feete, and hauc long bodicſ, which ſome one by chaunce 32 ſceing in copulation with hiſ female, did raſhly indge itto be a Serpent becauſe of hiſ like— neſſe, aſ afore—ſaid 5 and thereforethey deuiſed a name for it, calling it Myrnſ, which ſome hauc made a kind of Viper,and otherſ a Snake : but Apdreeſ hath notably proucd againſt Archelanſ chat thiſ Myruſ neither iſ nor can be any other then the male Lamprey : and ſo I will conclude, that neither Viperſ ingender with Lampreyſ , nor yet the femall Viperſ kill che male in copulation, or that the young oneſ come into the world by the deſtructi— on of their dammeſ. i In the next place wee are to conſider, the antipathy and contratictic that it obſerueth with other creatureſ, and the amitic alſo betwixt it and otherſ .> Eirſt of alltherefore it iſ certaine and well knowne, what great enmity iſ betwixt man—kind & Viperſ, for the one 3© alwayeſ hateth and feareth the other : wherefore, if a man take a Viper by the necke, and ſpet in hiſ mouth, if the ſpettle ſlide downe into hiſ belly, it dyeth thereof , and rotteth aſ it were in a conſumption. Viperſ alſo are encmieſ to Oxen, aſ Virg///writeth, pe#iſ acer— ba boum peccorique aſpergere vinuſ:: that iſ , a ſharpeplague of Oxen , caſting hiſ poyſon vpponallother Cattell. They are alſo enemieſ to Henneſ and Geeſe , aſ Columella vyri— teth , wherefore in auncient time they were wont to make ſute wallſ for the cuſtody of theyr pullen againſt Viperſ. They are likewiſe encmieſ to the Dormouſe , and they hunt very greedily after their young oneſ, whercof Epiphaniuſ in a diſcourſe againſt Origeſ wri— tech thuſ ; VWhen the Viper commeth to the neſt of a Dormouſe , and findeth there her young oneſ, ſhee putteth out all theyr eyeſ, and afterwardſ feedeth them very fat,yet kil— 40 leth cuery day one, aſ occaſion of bunger ſeructh ; but if in the meane time a man, or any other creature doe chaunce to eate.of thoſe Dormiſe,whoſe eyeſ are ſo put out by the Vi— per, they are poyſoned thereby. And thiſ iſ a wonderfull worke in nature , thatneither the little Dormiſe receiue harme by the poyſon, butgrow fat thereby , nor yet the Viper be poyſoned herſelfe while ſhe catethithem, and yeta man or beaſt which iſ a ſtranger vn, to it, dyeth thereofſ c All kind of Mice are aſ much aftaid of Viperſ, aſ they be of Catſ,and therefore when— ſocuer they heare the byſſing of a Viger , inſtantly they looke to themſclueſ and theyr young oneſ. and nener receiued harme of them, for by afecrere & innate vertuc, all viperſ & ſerpentſ \ # are 298 T he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. . are afraid of their bodieſ, aſ we hauc already ſhewed in other placeſ. Yet Ga/lew in hiſ diſ— courſe to Pi/ſo, writeth that the Adey//2zſ in hiſ time had no ſuch vertue in them, aſ hee had often tryed, ſaue onely that they vſed a deceit or ſlight to beguile the people, which vyaſ in thiſ manner following. 5 + . Long after the vſuall time of hunting Viperſ , they vſe to goe abroade to take them; when there iſ no courage nor ſcant any venomeleft in them,for the Viperſ are then caſily taken if they can be found : and them ſo taken, they accuſtome to their owne bodieſ , by giving them ſuch meateſ aſ doth cuacuate all their poyſon,or at the leaſt—wiſe doth ſo ſtop yp their teeth, aſ it maketh the harme very ſmall ; and ſo the ſimiple people becing igno— rant of thiſ fraude, and ſeeing them apparantly carrying viperſ about them,did ignorant—= ly attribute a vertue to their natureſ , which in truth did not belong ynto them . Inlike manner there were (aſ hath already in another place beene ſaid) certaine Iuglerſ in I talyy which did boaſt themſelueſ to be of the linage of Saint Pawe, who did ſo deceitfully car— ric themſelueſ, that in the preſence and ſight of many people, they ſuffered Viperſ to bite them without any manner of harme. Otherſ againe when they had taken a Viper, did drowne her head in manſ ſpettle, by: vertue whereof the viper beganne to grow tame and meeke.Beſideſ thiſ,thcy made a cer— taine oyntment which they ſet foorth to ſale, affirming it to have a vertue againſt the by= . ting of Viperſ, and allother Serpentſ, which oyntment waſ made in thiſ manner . Out of the oyle of the ſeede of Wild—radiſh, of the rooteſ of Dragonſ, the inyce of Daffadill, the braine of a Hare, leaueſ of Sage, ſpriggeſ of Bay, and a few ſuch other thingſ, where— by they deceiued the people, and got much money : and therefore to conclude, I cannot find any more excellent way for the taking and deſtroying of viperſ , then that which iſ already expreſſed in the generall diſcourſe of Serpentſ, Wee doe reade that in Egypr they eate Viperſ & diuerſ other Serpentſ, with nomore difficultiethen they would doc Eeleſ, ſo doe many people both in the Eaſterne and wea— ſterne partſ of the New—found—Landſ . And the very ſelfe—ſame thing iſ reported of the Inhabitantſ of the Mountaine Azhſſ , the which meate they: prepare and dreſſc on thiſ manner. Firſt they cut offtheir headſ and alſo their tayleſ, then they bowell them and ſalt them, after which they ſeeththem or bake them, aſ a man would ſeeth or bake Eceleſ,but ſome—timeſ they hang them vppe and dry them, and then when they take them downe a— gaine, they cate them with Oyle, Salt, Annyſeedeſ, Leckeſ and vyater , with ſome ſuch other obſeruationſ. W hoſe dyet of cating viperſ I doe much pittic, if the want of othey foode conſtraine them there—vnto ; but if it ariſe from the inſatiable and greedy intempe— rancie of their owne appetiteſ, I indge them eager of dainticeſ , which aduenture for it ar ſuch a market of poyſon. Now it followeth that wee proceede to the handling of that part of the Viperſ ſtoric, which concerneth the venome or poyſon that iſ in it, which muſt beginne at the conſide— ration of themperament of thiſ Serpent. It iſ ſome qucſtion among the learned , vyhc— ther a viper be hot or cold ; and for aunſwere heereof it iſ ſaid, that it iſ of cold conſtituti— on, becauſe it lyeth hid, and almoſt dead in the Winter—time , wherein a man may carry them in hiſ handſ without all burt or danger : & ynto thiſ opinion for thiſ ſelfeſame rea. fon, agreeth Ga/leg. Mercuriallmaketh a treble diuerſitice of conſtitution among Serpentſ, whereofthe firſtſort are thoſe which with their wound doc infuſe a mortall poy{ſon that killeth inſtantly, and without delay : a ſecond ſort are thoſe that kill, but more leyſurelic, withour any ſuch ſpeede : and the third are thoſe whoſe poiſon iſ more ſlow in operation then iſ the ſecond, among which he aſſigneth the Viper. But although by thiſ ſlowneſ of operation hee would inforce the coldneſ of the poyſon, yet it iſ alwaieſ to be confſidered, that the difference of viperſ, and of their venome , ariſeth from the place and Region in which they are breddc, and alſo from the time of the yeere wherein they byte & wound, ſo that except they fortune to hurt any one during the time of the Caniculer dayeſ, ( in which ſeaſon their poyſon iſ hoteſt , and themſelueſ moſt full of ſpytit,) the ſame it but weake, and full of deadneſ. And againe it iſ to be conſidered, whether the viper harme in her moode and furie, for anger doth thruſtit foorth more fully , and cauſeth the ſame to worke more deadly, # — Like— 0 we 48 Of the Viper. Likewiſe the Region wherein theyline , begetreth a more linely werking ſpirit in the Serpent, and therefore before all other, the Viperſ of Numidia are preferred, becauſe of the heate o_f th:_ct\c Country. Alſo their meate cauſeth in them a difference of poyſon , for thoſc'thactt live in the woodſ and eate Toadeſ, are norſo vigorouſ or venomouſ,but thoſe that liue in the mountaineſ, and cate the rooteſ of certaine herbeſ yare more poyſonfull and deadiy. And therefore Cardaw relatetb a ſtory, which he ſaith waſ told him by a Pht necian, that a Mountaine—Viper chaſed a man ſo hardly, that he waſ forced to take a tree, ynto the which when the Viper waſ come, and could not climbe vppeto viter her malice vppon the man, ſhe emptied the ſame vppon the Tree,and by and byafter,the man in the tree dyed,by the ſauour and ſecret operation of the ſame. But of the Arabian Viperſ which haunt the Bauiſom—treeſ, Thaue read , that ifat any time they byte,they onely make a wound like the prickſ of yron;voyde of poyſon, becauſe i2; while they ſucke in the ſuyce of that tree, the accrbitie and ſtrength of the yenom iſ aba— T phim ted. About the Mountaine Helycon in Greece , the poyſon alſo of Viperſ iſ infirme and not ſtrong ſo that the cute thereof iſ alſo ready and eaſic. But yet for the nature of Viperſ poyſon, I can ſay no more the Wolphieſ hath ſaid, that it iſ of it ſelfe and in it ſelfe conſide. red, hor : and hiſ reaſon iſ, becauſe hee ſaw a combat in a glaſle betwixt a Viper and a Scorpion, and they both periſhed one by the otherſ poyſon. Now he ſaith that it iſ gran— ted, the Scorpion to be of a cold nature, and hiſ poyſon to be cold ; therfore by reaſon of 20 the antipathy whereby one dyed by the malice of another, it muſt needeſ follovy that the Viper iſ hot, and her poyſon likewiſe of the ſame nature. For a Serpent of a cold natwure, killeth not another of the ſame nature, nora hot Serpent,one of hiſ owne kind,but rather it falleth out cleane contraric, that the hot kill thoſe that are colde , and the cold Serpentſ thehoter. 6 r All the Viperſ that litienecre the vvaterſ, are of more mild and meeke poyſon then o— therſ. If there be any ſuch; but I ratherbelecue there benone, but that the ſime* Authour: which wrote of the viperſ of the water, did intend Serpentſ of the water. Butconcerning: the poyſor of viperſ, there iſ nothing reported more ftrange then that of Vincentinſ Belln= atenſ?ſ, who writeth, that if a man chaunce to tread vpon the reyneſ of a Viper vnawareſ, PAy 30 it painetlyHimmore then any venome,for it ſpreadeth it ſelfe ouer all the body incurably. Nicender, Alſo it iſ written, that if a woman with childe chaunce to paſſe—ouer a viper, it cauſeth her to ſufferabortment ; and the Muſhromſ or Toade—ſtooleſ which'grow neere the dennieſ and lodgingſ of viperſ, are alſo found to be venomouſ. o ad * 'The Scythianſ alſo do draw an incurable and vareſiſtable poyſon out of viperſ, where— withall they annoynt the ſharpe endſ oftheir dartſ and atroweſ when they goeto vvarre, to the end that if it chaunce to light yppon theiradverſary , heemay never any more doe them harnmic. They make thiſ poyſon in thiſ manner.'They obſerued the lytrering pla— ceſ and time of the viperſ,and then with!'ſtrength and Art, did take'the old & yoring oneſ rogether, which they preſently killed, and afterward ſuffered them to lyce androt, or ſoake in ſome moy ſt thing for a ſeaſon : then they tooke them and put them into an earthen pot filled withithe blood ofſonic onc man'5 thiſ potre of manſ bloodand viperſ they ſtopped very cloſe, ſo aſ vothing might iſſue outarthc mouth, and then buried or couered it all o— tef in a dumghill, where it rotted andconſumed a few dayeſ, afterwhich chey vneovered iragaine, and opening it, found at the toppeakind of watery ſubſtance ſwymming, thag they takeoff, and mixeit withtlierotten matrer of the Viper, & heereof mgkcſi'\gls dcad_- Iy poyſon. tt +," f P\/\Zcc haue ſhewed already , that there iſ outwardly a differcngc bctYvlxtthc byting wound of the Maleand theFemale viper, for after the male hath bitten , there appeareth burtwo holeſ, but afterthe female hath bytten , there appearj:zh foureſ andtſſhls 1s_a\ſ9ct 5 agreatdealemore deadly then iſ thebyting of the male,according to the v;r\%:s of . Num- 6 35 f gdey, whetehe faith ; 299 40 Porrd ex Vipereo, quodworiſ CGermine peior 4 Femina:quavelutimaidri accenditur ira, Sic vebemente magiſ fert noxia Onlnera morſi, &d 300 IT he Hiſtory of Serpentſ, Et pluſ glicenti ſe canda & corpore voluit, Vinde citatior hac itt aſ morſ occupat artuſ. W hich may be englithed thuſ; , But of the Viperſ broode the female iſ the wor #t, Which aſ it were, with greater wrath doth burne : And therefore when ſhe byteſ, makeſ bodieſ more accurſt, Inflicting burtfullwoundſ, to vehemency turnd, Rowling her bulke and tayle more oft about, Whereby a ſpeedier death doth life rydde out fo But Au/cen iſ direCly contrary to thiſ opinion, and ſaith, that aſ the bytingſ of male— Dragonſ are more exitiall and harmefull then are the femaleſ , ſo1ſ it betwixt the byring ofthe male and female Viper. Thiſ contrarietie iſ thuſ reconciled by Meycwzia//, namely, that it iſ true, that the woundſ which the female maketh by her byting,becing well conſi— dered, iſ more deadly then the woundſ which the male giueth : yerfor the proportion of the poyſon which the male venteth into the wound he maketh , itiſ more deadly then iſ the femaleſ ; ſo that with reſpe& of quantitic, they both ſay true which affirme eyther the one or the other, But which ſocuer iſ the greateſt, it Skilleth not much, for both are dead— ly enough,aſ may appeare by the common ſymptomeſ and ſigneſ which follow ,and alſo death. 29 Matthioluſ xeporteth a hiſtory of a Countty—man, who aſ hee waſ mowing of graſſe, chaunced to cut a Viper cleane aſunder about the middle, or ſome—what neerer the head, which becing done, hec ſtoode ſtill, and looked vppon the dying. diſſcuered partſ alitile while, arlaſt, eyther preſuming that it had no power left to burt, or thinking it waſ dead, he tooke that part in hiſ hand where—vpon the head waſ : the angry viper feeling hiſ ad. ucerſarieſ warme hand, turned the head about, and bitte hiſ finger with all the rage,force, and venome that it had left, ſo that the blood iſſued out.The man thuſ bitten for hiſ bold. neſſe, did haſtily caſt it away,& began to ſucke the wound,putting biſ hand to hiſ mouth, which when he had done but a little while, he ſuddenly felldowne dead. The like ſtory ynto thiſ, iſ related by Amatnſ Luſitanaſ of another, which more bold— 30 ly then wiſely, did aduenture to take a liue viper into hiſ hand vppon a wager of money, but aſ the other, ſo thiſ payd for hiſ_raſhneſ, for the angry Viper did byte him aſ did the former, and hee ſucked hiſ wound aſ did the Country—man;and in like maner felldowne dead. By both which exampleſ , wee may well ſee the danger of the Viperſ poyſou, ſo that if once it come into the ſtomacke, and touch the open paſſage where the vitall partſ goe inand out, it neuer ſtayeth long but death followeth. Wherefore Activſ ſaith well, that ſometimeſ itkilleth within the ſpace of ſeauen houreſ, and ſometimeſ againe within the ſpace of three dayeſ, and that reſpite of time ſeemeth to be the longeſt , ifremedic be not had with more effeSuall ſpeede. 40 The ſigreſ or effeGſ ofthe Viperſ byting, are briefely theſe, firſt there iſſueth foorch a rotten marter, ſome—timeſ bloody, and ſome—timeſ like liquid or molten fatneſſe , ſome— timeſ againe with no colour at all, but ail the fleſh about the ſore ſywelleth, ſometimeſ ha= uing a redde, and ſome—time a pale hiew or colour vpponit, iſuing alſo foorth a corrup— ted mattery matter. Alſo it cauſeth diverſ little blyſterſ to ariſe vppon the fleſh, aſ though the body were all ſcorched oner with fire, and ſpeedily after thiſ , followeth putreſaGion anddeath. The paine that commeth by thiſ Serpentſ wounding, iſ ſo yniuerſall,that all the body ſeemeth to be ſet on fixe,many pittifull noyſeſ areforced out of the partieſ throat by ſence ofthat paine, turning and crackling of the necke, alſo twinckling and wrying of the eyeſ, wih darkneſſe and heauineſſe of the head, imbecility of the loyneſ , ſome—timeſ thirſting intollerably, crying out vpon hiſ dry throate, and againe fome—timeſ freezing at the fin— gerſ endſ, arleaſt ſo aſ heefeeleth ſuch a payne. Moreoucr , the body ſweating a ſweat more cold then ſnovw it ſelfe, and many timeſ. yomiting forth the biliouſ tumoutſ of hiſ owne belly, But the colour going and comming iſ often changed,now like palelead, then like @ = ()ſt}ye %Pctſſ'; 301 like blacke, and anonſ aſ greene aſ the ruſt of braſſe, the gumbeſ flow with blood, and the Liver it ſelfe fallech to be inflamed, ſleepinee and trembling poſſeſſeth the body and ſe— uerall partſ, and difficultie of making vrine , with Feauerſ , neezing, and ſhorineſſe of breath. \ Theſearerelated by Activſ, Actginetſ, Greuinuſ and otherſ, which worke not alwaieſ in ecucty body generallie, but ſome in one, and ſome in another, aſ the humourſ and tem— perament of nature doth leade, and guide their operation. But I maruaile from whence Plato in hiſ Sywpoſium had that opinion, that a man bytren and poyſoned by a Viper, will tell it to none, but oncly to thoſe that haue formerly taſted of that miſery : for although a— mong other effeectſ of thiſ poyſon, it iſ ſid thatmadneſ,; or a diſtracted mind alſo follow— eth, yet I think in naturethere can be no reaſon given of Pla?geſ opinion,,except he mcane that the patient will neuer manifeſt hiſ griefe at all. And thiſ how—ſoeucr alſo, iſ confuted by thiſ one ſtory of Grewimuſ. There waſ (aſ he writeth) a certaine Apothecatic vvhich did keepe Viperſ, and it happened one day aſ hee waſ medling about them , that one of them caught him by hiſ finger, and did byte him a little , ſo aſ the printſ ofhiſ teeth ap— peared aſ the poyntſ of needleſ, The Apothccary onely looked on it, and beeing buſied, either forgor, or (aſ hee ſaid afterward) felt no paine for an howreſ ſpace : but after the howre, firſt hiſ finger ſmarted and began to burne , and afterward hiſ arme and vyhole body fell to be ſuddenly diſtempered there—with , ſo aſ neceſſity conſtrayning him , and opportnitic offering it ſelfe, he ſent for a Phiſttian at hand, and by hiſ good aduiſe; (tho— rough Godſ mercy) waſ recoucred, but with great difficultice ; for he ſuffered many of the former paſſionſ and ſymptomeſ before he waſ cured. Therefore by thiſ ſtory , cyther P/ato waſ in a wrong opinion , or elleGzrewizuſ telleth a fable, which I cannot grauntgbecauſe he wrote of hiſ owne experience, knowne then to many in the world, who would quicklie haue contradicted it : or elſe if he had conſented to the opinion of Plara, no doubt but in the relation of that matter, he would haue expre ſed alſo that circumſtance. t T huſ then we haue, aſ briefely and plainly aſ we can, delivered the paineſ & tormentſ which are cauſed by the poyſon of Viperſ ; now therefore it followeth,that we alſo briefe— ly declate the vertue of ſuch Medicineſ, aſ we find to be applyed by diligent and carefull obſernationſ of many learned Phiſitianſ, againſt the venom of Viperſ . Firſt of all they write, that the generall rule muſt be obſerned in the curing of the poyſon of Viperſ, which iſ already declared againſt other Serpentſ : namely, that the force of theyr poyſon bekept from ſpreading, and that may be done eyther by the preſent extraction ofthe poyſon, or elſe by bynding the wounded member bitd, or elſe by cutting it off,if it be in finger,hand orfoote. , 5 Galenreporteth, that when he waſ in Alexandria, there came to the Citty a Country— man which had hiſ finger bytten by a Viper, but before he came , hee had bound hiſ fin— ger cloſe to the palme of hiſ hand, and then hee ſhewed the ſame to a Phiſitian , who im— mediatly cut off hiſ fioger, and fo he waſ cured._ Ancctl beſideſ, _hc telleth c_zf another coun— try—man, who reaping of Corne, by chaunce with hiſ ſicklcte did hurt a Viper; who retur—= ned and did raze all hiſ finger with her poyſonfull tecth. The man preſently conceiuing hiſ owne perrill, cut offhiſ owne finger with the ſameſickle, before the poyſon waſ ſpred too farre, and ſo waſ cured without any other Medicine. < , Sometime it hapneth that the byte iſ in ſuch apart that it cantiotrbe cutte off, and then they apply a Henne cut inſunder aliue, & laydito aſ hot aſ cfi.n be,alſoone muſt'firib W:l% and annoynt hiſ mouth with oyle, and ſo ſucke out the poyſon. Likewiſe the 'p'zacſi*nSn,]' bec ſcearified, and the partic fedde anddieted v.vlth old Butter, and bathed in milke or Sea— water, and be kept waking, and made to walke vp and downe. i we It were too long,& alſo needleſſc, to expreſſe all the nſixcdlcmcs vvhchgllz y naruri\] 1ſi mſiaſix:; are prepared againſt the poyſon of Viperſ, whereofſecing no rca{zſſug (, m;zt:i_\g 1 CÞ;Pſſ t that at my handſ, I will onely touch two or three cureſ by way othiſtory, an CZ 0} 1::Es,— refermy Reader to Phiſitianſ , or to the Latine diſcourſe of CHFTRIE ._In fNctrcſirſſz,_mL country of that greatand famouſ Gentiliſ who wanſlated Axicen,there iſ a fountaine,into which ifany man be put that iſ ſtung or bytren by a Serpent , heciſ thercof unmcdxſictuly _ } Gg cured, ſſ 7 — n 7 'iPn'd. 302 Eunamellinſ I he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. cured ; which Amatnſ Luſitanmſ approoucth to be very naturall, becauſe the continuall cold water killeth the hor poyſon. The ſame Authour writeth, that when a little maid of the age of thirteene yeereſ, waſ bytten in the hecle by a Viper, thelegge becin g firſt of all bound atthe knee very hard, then becauſe the maid fell deſtra&,firſt he cauſed a Surgeon to make two or three deeper holeſ then the Viper had made, that ſo the poyſon might be the more eaſily extracted, then he ſcarified the place, and drawed it with cupping—glaſleſ, whereby waſ exhauſted all the blacke blood,and then alſo the whele legge oucr, waſ ſca— rified, and blood drawne out of it, aſ long aſ it would run of it owne accord. Then waſ a plaiſter made of Garlicke, and the ſharpeſt Onyonſ rofted, which being mixed with Tri— acle, waſ layde to the bytten place. Alſo the maide dranke three dayeſ of Triacke in wine, and foure houreſ after a little broth made with Garlicke. * The ſecond day after the abatement of the paine, he gaue her the inyce of Yew—leaueſ faſting, which he commendeth aſ the moſt notable Antidote in thiſ kind , and ſo made a ſecond plaiſter, which lay on three dayeſ more, and in the meane time ſhe dranke faſting enery day that inyce o Yew—leaueſ, whereby her trembling and diſtracted eſtate waſ a— bated, but from the wounded place ſtill flowed matter, and it looked blacke . Then the foure next dayeſ, the ſaid matter waſ drawne out by a linnen cloth, wherein waſ Goateſſ dunge, powder of Lawrell, and Exphorbjinm in VV ine, all mixed together, and afterward he made thiſ oyntment, which did perfeSly cure her, Rec: of long Ariſtolochi/ two oun— ceſ, of Briony and Daffadill one ounce, of Galbanum and Myrrhc , of cach one ounce, with a conucenicnt quantitie of oyle of Bayeſ and W'axe . T hiſ applycd to the bycten place in alinnen cloth, and tentureſ twice a day, did perfectly recouer her health within amonth. & — Ambroſtuſ Par euſ cured himſelfe, with bindin g hiſ finger hard that waſ bytten, & ap— plying to it Triacledillolued in Ag#a vize, and drunke vp in lynt or bumbaſt : and he ad— uiſeth inſtead of old Triacle, to take Mithridate. Geſer ſaith, that he ſaw a mayd cured of the cating of Viperſ fleſh, by becing conſtrained to drinke VW ine abundantly . Theo. phraſtuſ and Aſclepiadeſ doe write, that many are cured by the ſound of good Muſicke,aſ the like iſ already ſhewed , in the cuce of the poyſon ofthe Phalangium: and no matruaile, for Jſmenitaſ the Theban affirmeth, that he knew many in Beotia, that were cured of the Sciatica, by hearing of the muſicall ſound of a good pypec, Of the M edicineſ which may be made of the Viper . : —|| well couered or ſhadowed. Neither indeed to eate Viperſ 2 once alo 1e, or twice iſ ſufficient, but it muſt be done often, 4 || ſith it iſ without danger, and morcouer bringcth great com— ad|| moditie. And let the Viperſ be new, and taken' our of moiſt f |i placeſ, for thoſe which are bred neere the Sea, are very thir— R —!ſtic and dry. T he broth alſo of ſod Viperſ, iſ for ſuch perſonſ good ſupping meate. MiTiG The fleſh of Viperſ iſ in temperature apparantly hot and dry , and purgeth the whole body by ſweatſ here—vppon many ſore tormented with Leproſie, by eating and drinkin g them hane beene cured. Auerreeſ ſaith, the fleſh of Tyruſ clenſeth Leproſic, becauſe it drineth the matcer there— ofto the ſkinne, and thercfore they that drinke it, fall frſt into the Paſſion of 797/a;that iſ; the pilling of the ſkinne, and after are cured ofit. i , Chuſe the Viperſ of the Mountaine, eſpecially becing white, and cut offtheir headſ & tayleſ at onee very ſpeedily, and then if the iſſue of blood be plentifull, and they continue alive, v o 50 Of the Viper. 303 aliue, and wallow to and fro a long time, theſe are good. After theit beheading let them be madeelcane and ſod, and let the diſeaſed party catc of them, and ofthcir broath. Aſid_ by the drinking Of\ViliC whictcin a Viper dycth or lineth, cerraine haue beene cu—: red accidentally, or by an intent to kill them. The Leaper muſt firſt drinke the broth of Viperſ decoGed, in:manner aſ afore—ſaide t »;,; thpn let bim cate the fleſh, no otberwiſe then aſ mutton or fowleſ , which daily men dine ::ſf;ctzct . with, þut faſting :md_in the morning thiſ fleſh muſt be caten, halfe a Viper atonce, and we ſome—time a whole viper, according to the ſtrength of the partic diſeaſed. After the eating whereof, hee muſt not care or drinke in the ſpace of ſixe honreſ ; but ifhee doc ſweat, it iſ © to moſt expedient that in hiſ ſweat hee looke to himſelfe very carefully. And 'the ſkinne iſ wont to fiea offfrom the Leaper, aſ it vſually befalleth Serpentſ. A man may caſily ſee the flcſh of Viderſ to be hot and dry , when they are drefſed aſ Ecleſ, And that they purge the whole body thorow the ſkinne, thoumayeſt learne cuen by thoſe thingſ, which my ſelfe becing a young man, had experience of in out Countrey of Aſia, which thingſ ſevcrally and in order I ſhall relate: _A certaine man infeSXed with the diſeaſe which men call E/ephaſ, that iſ, chrofiſic, for a time conucrſed ſtill with hiſ companionſ, till by hiſ company & conucrſation, fome of Gallen. them were infe&ed with the contagion of the diſeaſe , and hec now became lothſomc to ſmell; and filthy to ſight. Building therefore a cottage for him neere the Village, on the 20 top of a banke, hard by a fountaine, there they place thiſ man , and daily bring to him ſo much meate aſ waſ ſufficient to ſuſtaine hfe. Butat the riſing of the Dog—ſtarre , when by good hap, Reaperſ, reaped not farre from that place, very fragrant wine waſ brought for them in an carthen veſiell : he that brought it, ſet it downeneere the Reaperſ, and depar— ted ; but when the time waſ come that they ſhould drinke it, a young man taking vp the veſſell, that according to their maner hauing filled a boule , hee might mirngle the Wine with a competent meaſore of water, hee poured the W inc into' the boule , and togethier with the W ine fell out a dead Viper. E iSS! \ Wherefore the Reaperſ amazed thereat,and fearing leaſt if they dranke it;they ſhould receiue ſomc harme thereby, choſe rather indeed to quench their thirſt by drinking yva— 30 ter: but when they departed thence, of humanitic & in pictie , gaue the wine to thiſ Le— per, ſuppoſing it to be better for him to die, then tolive in tharmiſery, Yet hee when hee had drunke it, in a wonderfull manner waſ reſtored to hiſ health : for all the'ſcutfe ef hiſ ſkinne fell of aſ the ſhalleſ of tenderſhAled creatureſ, and that which remained , appea— red very tender, aſ the ſkinne of Crabſ or Locuſtſ , when their ontward ſhell iſ taken a— tvay. * t + Another example by a chaunce not much vnlike, hapned in My/@, a Country of Aſiay hHotfarre from our Cittic: A certaine Leper went towaſh himſelfein Spring—water , ho— ping thereby to receiue ſome benefit . Hee had a maid—ſervaunt, a very fayre young wo— man, importuned by diverſ ſuterſ : to her the ſicke man commiitted both cerraine other 40 thingſ pertaining to the houſe,& alſo the ſtore—houſe. When they thereforcwere gone, into the toome, to which a filthy place and full of Viperſ adioyned,by chaunce one of the | fell into a veſſeli of Wine there ncgligently left, and waſ drowned: The mayd eſtecming that a benefit which Fortune offered, filled that Wine toher maiſter, and hec dranke it, and there—by in like fort aſ he that lined in the cortage, waſ eured." —! SMitSE Theſe are two exampleſ ofexperiment by caſuall occaſion. Moreoucr, I will adde al— fo a third, which proceeded from our imitation. When one waſ ſicke of thl's,dlſcz\ſc,v in mind more then the commion ſort philoſophicall, and deſpiſing death, tooke it cxþcccdmg: grieuouſly, and faid it were betrer onee to ſuffer death, then to line ſo 1ſſmſſiſimbl; a hfc : anſid drinking wine ſo mingled with poyſon,he became a Leper 5and afterward wee cured hiſ 50 Leproſic by our accuſtomed medicineſ— Drrttnſ $3105 olrataniuie of t Alſoa fourth man tooke Viperſ alive , but that man had onely d_lc beginning of thiſ diſeaſeytherefore our care and induſtry waſ very ſpeedily to reſtore him to hbealth : ctwhcr; fore hauing Iet him blood, andby a medicine raken away mclanchqlctyſiz wee baddhfiſſ-n vie the Viperſ he had taken, becing prcparcd in a porafter themanner of Eeleſ. Andhe waſ pliuſ cured, the infcction cuaporating thorow the ſkinheſ | Gg 2 Laſtly 304 Gallen. Helldenſ Pliny Porplyriuſ Dioſcorid, Pliny. e /AEtitſ. '© Albertuſ, T/iry. Gallen: e/Actinſ, IT he Hiſtory of Serpentſ. Laſtly alſo, a certaine other man very rich, not our Country—man, but of the middle of © hracia, admoniſhed by a dreame, came to Pergamuſ,where God commaunded him by a dreame, that hee ſhould daily drinke the medicine which waſ made of Viperſ, and ount— wardly he ſhould annoynt hiſ body, and not many dayeſ after,hiſ diſeaſe became the Le— profic : And againe alſo,thiſ infirmitie waſ afterward cured by the medicineſ which God commaunded. & Matthew Grady fedde Chickinſ and Caponſ with the broth and fAlcſh of Viperſ mingled with bread, till they caſt theyr featherſ, purpoſing by them to cure the Leprofic. A cerraine Noble—woman in thiſ Citty,infeeted with thiſ malady (the Leprofie) after diverſ informmate attemptſ.of many, came to my handſ, in whoſe cure , when generouſ t o medicineſ auailed nothing,at laſt,with conſent of her huſband, I purpoſed to try her with Viperſ fleſh : where—vpon a female Viper beeing cleanſed and prepared after that fort aſ Galen preſcribeth in hiſ booke De Theriaca , mingling the fleſh of the Viper with Galan— gall, Soffron, &c. I ſod her very well. Then I tooke a chicken, which Icommaunded well to be ſod in the tnyce and broth of the Viper. And leaſt ſhee.ſhould take any harme there—< by, I firſt miniſtred vnto her Methridare , then the Chicken with the broth , by eating whereof ſhe ſaid ſhe felt herſelfc better : W hich when I ſaw, I tooke another male viper, whom I ſod alone without adding any other thing , and the broth thereof I miniſtred to her three dayeſ, where—vpon ſhe began to ſweat extreamely, the ſweat I reſtrained by ſy— rop of Violetſ and pure water. After ſixe dayeſ, ſcaleſ fell from her, and ſhee waſ healed. 30 Moreoucr, ſhee ſoorne after concecined aman—child , hauing beene barten before the ſpace offorty yeereſ. Antoniuſ Muſa a Phiſitian, when he met with an incurable Vicer , he gaue hiſ patientſ Viperſ to eate , and cured chem with maruailouſ celeritie. W hen the ſcruauntof C7a= teruſ the Phiſitian fell into a ſtrange and vnuſuall diſcaſe, that biſ Alcſh fell from hiſ boucſ, and that he had prooued many medicineſ which profited him nothing, he waſ healed by cating a Viper drefled aſ a fiſh. Viperſ fleſh if it be ſodiand caten, cleareth the eyeſ, helpeth the defectſ of the ſineweſ, andrepreſſeth ſwellingſ. They ſay theythat cate viperſ become louſic, which iſ not ſo, though Galew affirme it. 30 Someadde them to line Jong who eate thatmeate, to wit, Viperſ. J/ogommſ affirmeth the Cirni,akind of Indianſ, to liue an bandred and forty yeereſ. Alſo he thinketh the Ethyo— pianſ, and Sereſ, and the inhabitantſ of Mount Arhoſ, to be long liued, becauſe they eate Viperſ fleſh. The Scythianſ cleaue the head of the viper betwixt the eareſ,to take out a ſtone, which they ſay ſhe deucoureth when ſhe iſ afftighted. The headſ of Viperſ burntin a potto aſheſ, and after beaten together with the groſeſt decodGtion of bitter Lupineſ, and ſpred aſ an oyntment on the templeſ of the head,ſtaycth the continuall chume of the eyeſ. Thcixaſheſ lightly beaten alone, and applyed aſ a dry medicine for the eyeſ, greatly amendeth a dimmeſight. 40 The head of a viper kept dry and burned , and after becing dipped in Vineger and ap— plyed, curcth wild fire. — , The gallof the viper doth wonderfully cleanſe the eye, and offendeth not by poyſon. It iſ manifeſt againſt the ſtinging of all Serpentſ though incurable, that the bowelſ of the very Serpentſ doe helpe and anaile ; and yet they who at any time haue drunke the liver of a ſod Viper, are neuer ſtung of Serpentſ. : : The fat of a viper iſ efe&Guall againſt the dimneſe. and ſuffaſionſ of the eyeſ , mixed with Roſin, Honny—attick, and a like quantity ofold oyle. Forthe Gowte they ſay it auailechmuch to annoynt the feete with the farte of Vipetſ. Viperſ fatte healeth them that are burned. The flough of the Viper cureth the Ring—worme. The ſkinne of the viper beaten to powder, and layd vpon the placeſ where the hayre iſ fallen , indoothwonderfullyreſtore hayreagaine. Some extend and dry whole Viperſ, and after beate theni to powder, and miniſter the in drinkſe againſt the Gowte. Octherſ about the riſing of the Dog:—ſtar , cut off the head & tayle go 10 £0 3 4 5 0 0 © Of the Viper, tayle of Viperſ; and burne the middle, then they give thoſe atheſ to bedrunke 21. da 7eſ; ſo much at a time aſ may be taken vp with three fingerſ , and ſo cure the ſvvcllmgin the eAWicexna, necke. Toyntſ payned with the Gowte , are profitabl i i Viper hatgbccfic ſodden, for thiſ cureth pcrfc%tly;t T Eeit The making of oyle of Viperſ, iſ deſctibed in theſe wordſ.Take three or foure Viperſ cut offtheir extreame partſ, the head and the tayle, in lengch foure fingerſ, deuide the re\i into foure gobbetſ, and put them in a pot open aboue and below, which por muſt be put into another greatet pot ; then the mouth of them muſt be well ſhutte with clay, that they brcaFhc hot fo_r:h 5 thein put them into a caldron full of : ſcething water , and there let themi continue boyling two houreſ in thoſe potſ : then! will diſtill aliquour from the Viperſ; which were in the pot open aboue and below, with that oylieliquour annoyntſichc mcm-ſi- Z:ſi.rs gſſfſthF partic moleſted with the Palſty, for by a ſeeret propertic it cureth the greefe of at diſcale; : Of Triacle and Trochukſ of Viperſ: DaEF@Cq)| Heriace or Triacle, not onely becauſe it cuteth the yenomouſ — J [| bycing of Serpentſ,but alſo becauſe the Serpentſ themſelueſ are a )) vſually mingled in the making thereof, fitly iſ ſo named of both ESe wigſ || fignificationſ. Heerealſovye will inſert ſomething concerning 5 HK 4 T]lſo'chuks of Viperſ, vyhich are tmoingled in the making of Tro acle. (g\ Triacle iſ very auncient,and hath alwaieſ very carefully and __3____ 2 not without ambition, beene refined by the Phiſitianſ, till Am— dromockuſ Nero hiſ Phiſitian, added the ficſh of Viperſ, aſ the full accompliſbment of thiſ drugge. The fleſh of Viperſ alone iſ mingled in Triacle , and not the fleſh of other Ser— pentſ , becauſe all the reſt hauc ſome—thing malignant more then Viperſ { Viperſ arg thought to haueleſſe poyſon in them thenother Serpentſ, i ſſ Viperſ for Triacke muſt not be taker at any time, but chiefely in the beginning of the Spring, when hauing left their denrieſ they come forth into the ſunne—ſhine ;—and.aſ yet hbavue not poyſon much offenſiue. I3] Take female Viperſ, for we muſt take heede how we take male viperſ fortheconfectiſ on of Autidoteſ. For Trochukſ all viperſ are not conuenient, but thoſe which be yellow, and of the yellow, the femaleſ oncly, — E Viperſ great with young you muſt refuſe, for being pregnant; they are more exaſpc— rate then themſeilueſ at other timeſ. . ; »Serill ſ ad d Of Viperſ be made ZTrachi/ſcheſ,which ofthe Graecianſ are called Ther/acy,foure fingerſ becing cut off at cither end,and the inwardſ taken out, and the pale matter cleatiing to the backe—bone : the reſt of the body muſt be boyled in a diſh in water , with the hetbe Dill, the back—bone muſt be taken out,and fine floure muſt be added:Thuſ theſe Trochukſ be— ing made, they muſt be dryed in the ſhade, apart from the Sunne—beameſ , and becing ſq prepared, they be of very. great v/efor many medicineſ. } The vſe of Triacle iſ profitable for many thingſ, for not onely by hiſ owne nature it a— uayleth againſt the byting of venomouſ creatureſ and poyſonſ, butalſo it iſfound by ex— periente, to helpemany other great infirmitieſ. Forit calerh the Gowte and payne in the ioyntſ, it dryeth fluxeſ,it very much profitect men moleſted with the Droplic, Iecaprouſ and melancholicke perſonſ, thoſe that haue Quartane—Agueſ, or the Iapndlſe, thoſe that haue.a weake voyce, or that ſpet blood : thoſe that ate troubled with ak_mg of the reyneſ, with diſentery, with the ſtone, withſhort breathpwith paſſioniof the Linet or Milt, with choler, with bart—ake, with the Faling—ſickneſ.. It driveth allkinde of wormeſ out of thf: bowellſ., It iſ the moſtſoneraigne remedy of the Plague. ebir ot | Euen to the tharare in health the often vſe ofitiſ wholſome;for it promiſeth lorg life, and firmc health, it conſumeth excgrementſ, it ſtreagtheneth natutall acGtionſ,it quickneth the wit, & ſharpneth all the ſcnccs_;_i;,prcſcructhck(x;: body from poyſon & other offcn;c]ii i 5 3 + Leonelt Fawentinſ, Galen. eAuicem, Galen, e hEting 06 The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. and maketh inſcarce ſubieA to danger by ſuch caſitaltieſ, it begerteth goodbloud,it cor— ruptethitheayre, and waterſ; neither alone doth it deliner from inſtantdiſeaſeſ, but alſ ſo prcſerucch fromthoſe that bectmminent. ISYD OTITCEAR TILW*OR M54 — Lthough there be many and ſindrty ſortſ of wormeſ which Doſter Bon— doe.containe in them ſome poyſonouſ quality , yet for all of Worineſ. that, at thiſ time myi purpoſe iſ to diſcourſe eſpecially of | Earch— Weormeſ, whercofſomeare bred onely in the earth, and otherſ among Plantſ, and in the bodycſ ofliuing Crea. tureſ. Wormeſ of the earth are tearmed by P/an?w—and Co: lumeltla Lumbrici, peraduentute aſ beeing derived 4 Lubrici= tate. Theyare called alſo Terze Inteſlina of the Latineſ, aſ wellbecauſe they take their firſt beginning and breeding in & the very bowelſ and inward parteſ oftheEarth , aſ becauſe being preſſed and ſquiſed betwixt the fingerſ, or otherwiſe, they doe voyde feorthexcre— mentſ after the faſhion of liuing beaſtſ that hauc Intralſ in them. The Greekeſ callthcem Geſ entera. Heſichinſ calleth them Embullonſ.Brunfelſauſ Otho in hiſ Phyſicke Lexicon wri— reth, that they are vſaally called in the Scilician togue Gaphrg@, fetching the detivuation of the word park 75 gruinmphigein, for they feede vppon the carth. Ofthe Engliſhmen they are called Medſ, and Eearth—wormeſ, Of the French Feyſ de Terxra. Of the Germanſ Eert wurm;and Erdwurmem, Melet, Ode Regenmwurm . Of the Belgianſ Pier warerm, or Rongammuorm. Of the Italianſ Lumbrichi. Of the Spaniardſ Lumbrizeſ. Ofthe Poloni— anſ Gliſti: Of the Hungarianſ Galiſza. Ofthe Arabianſ they are called Charatin. Manar— duſ in hiſ ſecond Booke and 40. Epiſtle writeth, that in timeſ paſt they were called Oni/. culiyand Niſcult. There are found eſpecially twoſortſ of Earth—Wormeſ , which are eyther greater or leſſer. Thegreater Earth—wormeſ are ſomewhat long,; almoſt like in proportion & ſhape to thoſexound Wormeſ which doe breede in menſ bodyeſ . They are haife a foot long at leaſt, and being ſtretched out in length they are found to be a foote long, they are of a whitiſh colour, and ſometimeſ thoughſeldome , of a bloudy hue : and for the moſt part they are all adorned with a chaine about their neckeſ, orrather they ſceme to weare a cer—. taine collor , wherein there iſ a little bloud contained;and they lacke eyeſ and cye—ſight aſ all fortſ of Wormeſ doe. { \ They breede of the ſlime of the carth, taking theirfirſt becing from purrifadZion, aned of the farmoyſture of the ſame earth they are againe fedand nouriſhed, and into earth at laſtarereſolued. W henmthere fallethany ſhewer of Raine, then thiſ kind of worme cree— peth ſoddenly out of theearth , whereuponold Ewclia in Plaxr#ſ becing very carefull of 40 © hiſ porof Gold, ſpeaketh aptly to hiſ Drudge Szzebi/wſ intheſe wordſ; o 3oR 19 20 Foraſ, for aſ Lumbrice qui ſub terra erepſiſtimollo In anleraria 4 70 Qubmodo nuſquam comparebaſ, hunce autem citve compareſ, pey it . WWhichmay beengliſhed thuſ> . BX oed he ——Away, away thon VVorme, late from the earth evept out , Safe thon waſt unſcene, but ſeent, life fayleſ 1 doubt . HereEwclio very properly termcthhiſ Bondman S#/obileſ, a Worme,bccau'e not be— ing eſpyed of hiſ Mayſtembefore, he ſuddenly cameiſneaking our ftrom behinde an "Altar wherehe waſ hid; much like a worme, that in moyſt weather iſſueth out of thepronnd. Thoſe little heapeſ which are caſt vp and lye ſhining and wrinkled before the mouth or edgeſof their holeſ, Irakethem to bee their miery excrementſ : for I could rietſer aſ yet find other excrementitionmſ fibſtanceſ droſſy matter, orf other feculency , but onely bare earth in them, whoſe alimentary Iuyce and moyſturebceing cleanecxhauſted, they caſt out | 0 1 Eeit caar rem e enaemeropotmmpretecprmccm am amiatcmmtunn— Of the Ear l/F-Wſſornie. 3 out che remaynder, aſ an vnprofitable burthen, nothing &t ik'menſ. — trance of their doorcs,whic%?yec ſteadeththem to ſomcgcglnfl;:;gi(:)i]xrslgjſ?fſion:hffi Lhcctc uſ damming vp theyr holeſ that the raine canno: ſo eafily ſoke in, they.are b>v thc?cpzsxl-i]"\iſizz ſſſ:Z_dcteſidcd from many annoyanceſ and datngerſ, that ocherwiſe mlgſſhc light vppon . Their delight iſ to couple together, eſpeciallyim@tainy night;eltauing toocther yn— t_lll the Morning : and in the ſame they are nor foldedroundaboutone Bhother like vnto Serpentſ, but are ſtraightly cloſed togetherſide—wiſe) and thuſ doe they rcma;ſzw ſtickin cloſe the one to the other . They ſend foorth a certainie froathyiſlyme or lelly w'"-:ſin tſihfi 16 they ioyne together . They doc ener keepe the middle part of theyr body within the earth, Imcapctþcir hinderpartſ : yea, eucn in theirmautuall ioyning together ; l]Cith('; are they avany time o faſt glewed and cloſed, but with the'leaſt ſtyrring and miotion of the ground that can bee imagined, they are ſtraightwayeſ ſeuered, wit?l-drawihg them. ſelueſ ſpeedily into their lurking holeſ . In Rainy weather they are whiter aoreatdeale then at other timeſ, voleſſe it be when they couple together, for then they apTzc?rc very red. I'my ſelfe about the middeſt of Aprill, didonceopen athiekeFemale W orme, and within the fleſh I found a cortain recepracle ri-ngcfdſiſiround aboutyandfilling v p the vvſihokcti cauity of the body, hauing athinnemembtance orecateencloſing ity and in thiſ afoueſaid ſtirchouſe the earth which 'ſhe had fed onyand wherewith ſhe waſ fuſteyned,waſ held and 20 contained. HerEggeſ were found to beein a ſafe place abouc thereceptacle, next to the moutb, there were many of them on aheapeitogether, being allof a whitiſh colour. T he leſſer Earth— VW ormeſ for perſpicuitieſ ſake, wewith Georgzwſ Agricola will name Aſcarideſ: and theſe are often found in greatnumberſ in Dunz—hi]lcs,ſiMixcns, and yn— der heapeſ of ſtoneſ. Of thiſ fort ſomeareredde; (which v\'c,Eſingliſhmcu callDaggſ) & theſe be they that Anglerſ and Fiſherſdoſomuch defire; for Fiſheſ will grecdilyſſcſi?cuour them, and for that end they withthem dobayte their hookeſ. >: Aſ There be ſome otherſ of theſe lefſlet Earth—Wormeſ that are'ſomewhat of a blewco— Jour, otherſome againe are yellow onely abobtcherayle : whereuppon they haue purcha— ſed the name of Ye/ow—zayleſ. Some againe are ringed about the Neekeſ, withall very fat. 30 Some otherſ there be that haue neytherchayneſnorringſ, and theſe commonlyþcmore lanke and Aender of body then the former, andtheſeTiudgeto bee the Maleſ: Theſe Wormeſ docſpecially breede in Autumne, or arthefallof the leafe; by reaſon then'there iſ but littlemoyſture in theEarth, and thiſ iſ 14//#9z2/eſ opinion'. Both kindeſ doe line long in the water, butyerat length for want of ſuſtenance therethey dyc. Theymoouc from place to place with dkind ofreaching or thruſting forwardſ, forwe cannor properly ſay that they doe eytherrole ortuimble . OlympivimP/antaſ would yoe about to make a ſimple plaine fellow beleeue that Wormeſ did eate noting but very earth , becauſe he v. —Led theſe wordſ to Chalinmſ eupirouynaninnint fht ſ 40 Poſt antem niſirurituweruum comederiſ : f (for thuſ Lambine readeth) Aut quaſi Lumbcicuſterram. TnEngliſh thuſſ y E Andafterwardthonwanghſ but Taveſ ſhalt eate, Or elſelike VVormeſ;the earthſhall bethymeate. 7 But by carth here in thiſ place, he wiiderſtandeth not pure carth, and ſuch aſ iſ with— out anyothermixture, but rather the fat, iuyce, and moyſture ofthe ſame . Andthiſ iſ the reaſon, that Earth—wormeſ are not to be found itiall ſoyleſ alike, aſ in barren; fandy, 50 ſtony, hard, and bare groundſ, but onely in far, grauilly, moyſt, cammy and fertile. And for thiſ reſped Eugland hath many Wormeſ, becaule bothCounttey and ſ0y1g are vety moyſt : and thiſ. moyſtrife whereon they feed muſt nor bee ſa}t, ſower, rart, ot bitrer, but ſweere and tooth—ſomc:and therefore it iſ,that Lutretinſ in hiſ ſecond booke writeth,chat Wormeſ ate bred moſt when it ſhowteth; aſ in raily ſeaſonſ and moy#t weather} Gg 4 ' Quatinut . . 308 ) T he Hiſtor»y of Serpentſ. Luateunſ in pulleſ animaleiſ vertiey onſ Lerminuſ alitum, vermeſi, effernare, terramſ Intempeſtioſ ciim putror coepit ob inſbreſ. Incngliſh thuſ ; Enen aſ intime of raine, we ſce Birdſ Egqgeſ their young forth hatch, And wormeſ in heat of gendering be 5 When they clondſ rot do catch. 19 Iz Theriaeſ, + HDd to thiſ opinion of Lucretimſ, Nicander ſeemeth to leane, when he affirmeth, that theſe W ormeſ are nouriſhed alrogether of the earch that iſ moyſtned with long Raine, or with ſome ſmoaking ſhewer : for making a difference betweene the Serpent Seyzale, & the Amphiſbena, he thuſ wtiteth; : Steilcieſ pachetoſ, teſ elminthoſ pelei ogroſ ' He cai entera geſ oia trephei ombrimoſ aia. I1d e#.. Manubri ligoniſ latitudo, longitude verd ei que Lumbrico; Arlt terr a inteſliniſ, quaimbribuſ irrigatatery a alit. — Thatiſ toſay ; 26 Aſ broad aſ haft of Spade, hiſ length like littleWorme; Andfed with dreary earth, mo_z/i%} cleudſ rainy forme. The greater ſort of Eartb—Wormeſ line in the bowelſ of the Earth , and moſt of all in an open free ayre, and where there iſ ſomc repaitceand confluence of pcople. Eucery mot— ning they with—draw themſclueſ into their ſecret holeſ & cornerſ within the ground,fen— cing the entrance of them with their excrementſ they haue voyded foorth, in a fayre and Sunſhine weather : but in rainy weather they vſe' to ſtop the moutheſ of their holeſ with ſome ſtalke'or leaueſ of herbſ or treeſ,being drawne a little inwardly into the earth. They feede vpon the rootſ of thoſe Planteſ which haue any ſweete inyce or moyſture in them; 30 and therefore one may many timeſ find them amongeſt the rootſ of common Meddow— Graſle : and they dodiue for the moſtpart by the fat moyſture of the earth , yet will they alſo greedily deuout crummeſ of whiteBread vnleauened, aſ Thane often ſeene. In the Spring time, they firſt appeare to come foorth from the bowelſ ofthe earth , and all the VWVinter they lye hidde in the ground, but yet if it bee a very ſharpe and pintching colde WW inter , and a dry Sommer follow , for lacke of moyſture they doe ali—moſt all dye. Beſideſ, if you digge into the earth, or make a great motion, trampling, or hard trea— ding vpon theſame,pouring in any ſtrangeliquor or moyſture into the ſime,wherewith— all they are vnaquainted ; aſ for example, the inyce of Wall—nut—treeſ, the water where— in Hemp, cyther ſeedeſ or leaueſ ate ſoked, or bin layd to rottein common Lye, and the 46 like,chey will iſſue out ofthe carth ſpeedily, and by thiſ mcaneſ Fiſher—men and Anglerſ, dotake them. In like manner, they cannot endure Salt, or aromaticall thingſ, nor by their good wil come neere them, for but touching any of theſe they will draw themſelueſ on a heape, & ſo dye . Wormeſ are found to bee very venomouſ in the Kingdome of Mager, and the Inhabitantſ there doe ſtand in ſo great feare of them,that they bee deſtroyed and ſlaine by them when they trauellany iourney ; and therefore there they vſe ordinatily to carry Beſomeſ with them to ſweepe the playne wayeſ for feare of further hurt . (Georginſ Agri— celalaith, that thelittle Wormeſ called A/@azrideſ, are not all of one colout : for ſome are white, ſome yellow (aſ I remembred a little before) and otherſ againe are yery blacke : and many oftheſe in tilling the earth are caſt vppe by the plough , and many found in dy— uerſ placeſ allon a heape together. Theſe be they that deſtroy corne—fieldſ;for by ſharing or byting the rootſ the fruit dyech. & : Some ſay, that thoſe wormeſ do moſtmiſchiefe to corne—groundſ, which in ſome placeſ of Italy the people terme Zacearole,& theſe are thick,almoſt a finger long,being natural— ly of o >= Of the EmſitſſbW orme. ofa Kcry'cold conſtitution of body; and therefore they nener vſeto come foorth ofthe earth, but when the weather iſ paſſing hor, for then will they come forch ,cuen to the ſ 3097 atl ugſ face of the ground,; aſ it iſ notably ſet downe, by the famouſ Poct Onid : f—T—)z quo cenfunte pereuni, Ont.am0 .3 Patuen Picriiſ labrarigantur agquiſ. , Inengliſh thuſ ; By whom, aſ by an enerlaſling filling Spring, | VVith Muſeſ liquor, Poetſ lipſ are bath d tfſinge. 10 ; , Homer very fitly compareth Zaypalion when he fell downe dead amongſt hiſ Compa— nionſ;to a filly worm,when aſ ſeeking to eſcape by flight out ofthe bartel.he waſ woun= ded to death by Mezi ing ai larti i inthiſ o y Merioneſ,ſhooting an arrow or ſtecle—datt into hl.s hanch or hip, hiſ ver— Merioneſ d apiontoſici chalkere oiſton, Kair ebale glouton kata dexion autar oiſtoſ, Antikron kata kuſtin wp ofteon exepereſen: Ecxomenoſ de cat anthi philon en therſin etairon,; t5 Tbumon apopneion, ofte ſcolex epi gcti : Keito tatheiſ ecd aimn melanree, dene de gaian. 1d ei . Merioneſ atitern in abeuntem miſit aream [agittam, Et vulneranit coxam ad dextram, ac ſagitta & regione per veſticam ſub aſ penetranit : Reſtidenſ antemiillic chararum inter manuſ ociorum: Animam efflanſ, tanquam vermiſ ſuper terram TIacebat extenſuſ: /anguiſi effluebat, tingebat erntem terram, That iſ to ſay 5 © f But aſ he went away, behold Merioneſ 30 VVith brazen dart did hiſright hip—bone weund, VVhichneere the bladder did the bone thoroughpierce : In friendſ deere handſ, he dyed vponthe ground. So firetcht vpon the earth he lyed, Blackebloud out flowing, the ſame bedyed: —_ Marke well the ſlenderneſſe of thiſ compariſon, wheteby hee would givevſ to vndetr— ſtand the baſe eſtate, and faynt hart of Z4palion < 'For in other placeſ hauing to write of Noble, valiant, and magnanimiouſ perſonſ,when they were ready to give vp the ghoſt, he vſeth the wordſ Sphadaxcin, Bruchein, and the like to theſe; ſecretly inſinuating to vſ; 40 that they fell not downe dead like imporent Cowardſ, or timerouſ abicAſ, but that they raged like Lyonſ, with grinding and gnaſhing theyr teeth together, that they were bla— ſted, benummed, or ſuddenly deprivued of all theirlineſ and ſenſeſ, &c. But here thiſ pu— ſillanimouſ and ſordidouſ minded man FZazpalion; ſeemed to bee'diſgraced by hiſ reſem— bling to a poore Worme, being peraduenture a man of ſo ſmall eſtimation ,and vile con——— dition, aſ that nogreatercompariſon ſeetned to fir kim. It ſeemethhe waſ a man: but of a faynt courage, and very weake withall,becauſe ſtriking and thruſting with hiſ ſpeare or Taucling at the Shield or Target of Arrideſ, he waſ not able to ſtrike it chrough .— But al— though thiſ famouſ Poet doth ſo much ſceme to extenuate and debaſe a weake Worme: yetocherſ haueleft vſ in theyr writingſ ſuch commendationſ of their ſingular vſe and ne. go ceflity, for the reconery of manſ health (then which no carthy thing iſ more pretiouſ) & haue ſo nobilitated the worth of theſe poore contemptible Creatureſ, aſ I thinke, nature. aſ yer hach ſearce given any other ſimple Medicine, or experiencefound out by tract cſizf trimme, nor knowledge of Planteſ by lonſ ſtudy hath reucyled, nor Paracel/wſ by the diſtil— lationſ of hiſ Limbeck hath madeknowne ro the world, any ſecret endued with ſo many vertneſ and excellent propertieſ againſt ſo many diſeaſeſ : and for proofe heereof, it ſha(\)]i not LHO The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. not beſidethe purpoſe to examine and deſcribe the rareſt and moſt probable that are re= cordedamongſt the learned. . __ Earth—Wormeſ doe mollifie, conglutinate; appeaſe paine, and by their terreſtriall, and withall wareriſh humidity they do contemper any affected part, orderly and meaſu rably moderating any exceſle wharſocuer . The powder of VWormeſ iſ thuſ prepared. T hey vſe to take the greateſt Earch—Wormeſ that can bee found, and to wrappe them in Moſit, ſuſfering them there to remayne for a certaine time , thereby the betrer'to purge and clenſe them from that clammy .and filthy ſlimyneſſe., which outwardly cleaucth to their bodicſ. When all thiſ iſ done,they preſſe hard thehinder part of their bodieſ neere to the taile, ſquiſing out thereby their exerementſ, that no impurity ſo neere aſ iſ poſſible may be tretayned in them. — Thirdly, they vſe to put them into a pot, ot ſomefit veſſell with ſome white—wine, & a litcle Salt, and ſtreyning them gently betweene the fingerſ, they firſt of all caſtaway that Wine, and then doe they poure more wine to them, & after the waſhing of the wormeſ, they muſt alſo take away ſome of the Wine, for it muſt not all be poured away (aſ ſome would haue it) and thiſ muſt ſo often bee done and renewed vntill the W inc be paſſing cleare without any filth or droſſineſſe, for by thiſ way their ſlymy ielly , and glutinouſ e= uill quality iſ cleare loſt and ſpent.Being thuſ prepared,they are to be dryed by little & lit= tle in an ouen, ſo long tuill they may be brought to powder : which being beaten and fcar— ſed, it iſ to be kept in a Glaſſe—veſſall farre from the fire by itſelfe. A dramme of thiſ pow= der being commixed with the inyce of Matigoldcſ, cureth ike Epelipſic, with ſome ſweet wne, aſ My/cadell, Baſtard, or the Metheglin of the Welchmen. It helpeth the Dropſic: With white—wine and Myrrhe, the Zewzdi/e, with New—Wine, or Hydromell the Stone, Vicerſ of the Reyneſ and Bladder. It ſtayeth alſo the looſcneſle of the belly, helpeth bar— renneſſe, and expelleth the Secondine, it aſſwageth the paine ofihe baunch or hippe, by ſome the Sciatica, it opencth obſtrucionſ of the Liver, dryueth away Terrian—Agueſ,& expelleth all W ormeſ thav are bred in the Gutſ, being givcn and taken with the deco&i— on or diſtilled Wiater of Germander, W orme—wood, Sothern—wood, Garlicke, Scordn, Centory, and fuch like. \ ThedecoGion of Wormeſ madewith the inyce of Knot—graſſe, ot Comfery,Salomonſ Seale, or Saraſiſ compountd, eureth: the diſcaſe tetamed by Phyſitianſ Diabereſ, vvhen one cannot bolde hiſ Watrer, but tBat it ranneth from him without ſtay, or aſ fuſt aſ hee drinketh . A Gliſter likewiſe made of the decodtion of Earth—Wormeſ, and alſo taken accordingly, doth marucllouſly aſſwage & appeaſe the paine of the Hemorthoidſ.T here bee ſorae that give the decoG&ion of Earth—Wormeſ to thoſe perſonſ that have any con— gealed or clotted bloud in theyr bodyeſ , and that with happy ſucceſſe . The verrue of Eatth—Wormeſ iſ exceedingly ſet foorch, both by the Grzzcianſ & Arabianſ, to encrteale Milke in womenſ breaſtſ. ; Hicronimuſ Mercurialtſ alearned Phyſitian of Italy, aduiſeth Nurſeſ to vſe thiſ con— fection following in caſe they want Milk, alwaieſ prouided that there be not a Fcucr ioy— ned withall, Take of the Kernelſ of thcfruite of the Pinc—trec, ſweete Almondſ, ofeach alike, one ounce, Seedeſ of Fennell, Parſely, and rapeſ, of cyther alike one dram, of the powder of Earth.Wormeſ waſhed in wine, two dramſ, with Suger ſo much aſ iſ ſuffici= ent, to beginer the quantity of a dramme or two in the Marning, and after it drinkſome fmall W ine, or Capon—broath boyled with Rape—ſecdeſ and Leekeſ. Againſt the tooth— ach the ſame powder of Earth— W ormeſ iſ prooued ſingular, being decocted in Oyle,®& dropped alitrle at once into the eare, on the ſameſide the paine iſ, aſ Plizy witncſi&th,or a livele ofit put into the contrary eare, will performe the ſame effect, aſ Dinſeorideſ tcſtify= etb: And thuſ far of Earth—Wormeſ taken into the body, and of their manifolde veriueſ, according to the cuidence and teſtimony of Dioſcorideſ, Galen, EEtinſ, Panlix IEgeneta, Myrepſuſ, Pliny, and daily experience which goeth beyond the preceptſ of al clulfull Maiſ flcr_s : for thiſ iſ the Schole—Myſtriſ of all Arteſ , aſ Mg@zliwſ in hiſ ſecond Booke hach yrittenſ 5M Per varioſ vſuſ artem expericntiafecit, Exemplo monſtrantec viamſ. In 10 a 0 30 40 <, 6 10 20 Of the Earth—Worme, In Engliſh thuſ; ., Experience teacheth ayt by vſe of i ilfinſſgſ, W}n*ſſn aſ example plaineſt wayforth bringſ. Being alſo beaten to powder, and outwardly applyed, they doe cloſe and ſolder vpfſi& wouudeſ, and conglutinate ſinneweſ that are cut, and conſolidating them againe in the ſpace _oſ ſeuen dayeſ, and to performe thiſ cure the better , Democrituſ aduiſezzh to kecpe them in Honny. The aſheſ of Earth—Wormeſ ducly prepared, cleanſeth Sordiouſ, ſtin— }ſi(lpg androtten Vkers,conſhming and waſting away their hard lippeſ, or Callonſ edgeſ, ifit be tempered with Tarre and Sfpb/iap Hony ,aſ Pliny afirmeth. Dioſttridſies ſaith, thaz the Hony of S#riliſ waſ taken for that of Simblia in hiſ timeſ Their aſheſ likewiſe draweth out Dartſ or Arroweſ ſhot into the body, or any other matter that ſticketh in the fleſh, if they be tempered with,Oyle of Roſeſ, and ſo applyed to the place affedted. The powder alſo cureth Kibeſ in the hecleſ, and Chilblayneſ on the handeſ, aſ Marcellyſ teſtifieth, for bur\{s that happen to the finneweſ whe they are cut in peeceſ, LQaijngyſ Sereamſ hath theſe verſeſ} } Profucrit terr e Lumbricoſ indere tritoſ, a Quctſ vetuſ & rancenſ ſociari axungia, Debet. It iſ good (ſaith hee) to apply to ſinneweſ that are diſſected . The powder of Earth— Wormeſ mixed arid wrought vp with old, Rammiſh, and vnſauety Barroweſ Greaſe,;:o be put into the gricfe. Marcelnſ Empiricuſ. Beſideſ, the powder of Earth—Wormeſ and — Axunger, addeth further, Grounſwell, and the tender toppeſ of the Boxe—tree with 0%— 30 go banum : all theſc being made yp and tempered together to make an Emplaſter, he coun—= ſclleth to bee applyed to ſinneweſ that arelayed open, cut aſunder, or that haue receiued any puneture, or ſuffer any payne oraking whatſocucr. P/ayy ſaith, that there cannort be a better Medicine found out for broken boneſ,then Earth—wormſ and field—Mice dryed & pulucriſed, and ſo mixed together with Oyle of Roſeſ, to be layde in the forme of an em— plaſter vpon the part fracured. Yea, to aſſwage and appeaſe paine, both in the ioyntſ & in the ſinneweſ of Hotſeſ,there hath not been found out a more notable Medicine,aſ we may well perceivue by the writingeſ, both of Ryſſinſ, Abſyrruſ, and Didymuſ : whereupon' Cardanhath obſerued, that all payneſ whatſocuer may bee mitigated by their apt vſing. CaroluſCluſiuſ ſayth,that the Indianſ doe make an excellent voguent of Earth—Wormeſ agaynſt the diſcaſe called Ezpſſpelaſ, becing a ſwelling full of heat and redneſſe with paine round about, commonly called S. Apzhonieſ fyre : And thuſ it iſ prepared. — They firſt rake Earrh—Wormeſ alive, feeding them eyther with the leaueſ of Meza,or elfe with fine Meale, vntill by thiſ meaneſ they grow fat ; afterwardſ boyling them in an earthen veſſell, (remembring euer to ſcumme the ſime ) they doe ſtraynethem, boyling them yet againe, to the conſiſtance almoſt of an emplaſter, whichifit berightly prep;_zrcc{ iſ of a yellow—collour. And thiſ Medicine may well be vſed for any burning or ſcalding. My purpoſe iſ not to vouch all thoſe authoritieſ I might, concerning the admirable Na— ture and verme of Eatth—W ormeſ : for ſo.J thinke I mightalledge fixe hundreth more, which iſ notmeete to be inſerted in thiſ place . I will therefore now paſſe to their quali— tieſand medicinall vſeſ forirrationall creatureſ. armt Pelagoniuſ much commendeth Earth—V Vormeſ aſ an excellent Medicine for the botſ ot VVormeſ that are in Horſeſ, and in the bodyeſ of Oxen and Kine, affirming that the beſt way iſ to put them alive into their Notthrilſ , although without queſtion it were farre better to conucigh them into their maweſ by the meaneſ offome horne. Taydinuſ aduiſeth to givie the pſiwvd-:r ofEarth—VVormeſ with ſome hot fleſh , to Hawkeſ vvhen they cannot cxonerate nature (or how Faulknerſ rearme it, Iknow not.) Fo; that (Gayth hc)ctwiil looſen their bellieſ. Moleſ doe alſo feede full ſauerly vpon them, and if they fall_a digging, it iſ ſtrange to ſee with what ſudden haſt and ſpeede then poore V Vormeſ yyill iſſuc out of the ground . In like ſort Hoggeſ and Swyne (aſ Fa#,/re writech) by their :xrc: n ® & V — ) o4 Iſ Bacchide. The Hiſtory of Serpentſ. | ning vp the mudde, and rooting in the earth with their ſnoutſ, do by thiſ meaneſ di gvp the Wormeſ, that they may eare them. \ Albertuſ Magnuſ Gaith, that T oadeſ doe feede vpon Wormeſ. Be/loniuſ aith, that Li— zardſ and Trreatinuſ, that the Sea—fiſh called G7yf or Grample, doth greedily devour the, and finally experience it ſelfe witneſſeth,that Frogſ, Ecleſ, Gudgeonſ,Carpeſ,Breameſ, Rocheſ, and Trowtſ, doe ſatiſfic theit hungty gutſ by feeding vppon them . Ari#a#lein hiſ cyght booke De Waz. Animal. Chap.3. deſcribeth a certaine Bird that liueth in the wa— rerſ, which Gaod interpreteth Capel/ſ, though the Phyloſopher calleth it /x , and ſome haue called it Vdbe//wſ,that lineth for the moſt part vpon wormeſ : yea, Thruſheſ, Robin— redbreaſtſ, Munmurdererſ, and Bramblingſ, Henſ, Chatfincheſ, Gng—ſnapperſ, Bull— fincheſ, and all ſortſ of Croweſ will feede vpponthem ; and therefore it iſ that there bee more Croweſ in England then in any other Country in the world, reſpeGing the great— neſſe, becauſe here the ſoyle being moyſt and fat, there iſ aboundance of Earth—wormeſ ſeruing for their food, aſ Po/yderuſ Virgiliuſ in hiſ firſt booke of the Hiſtory of England, (which hededicated to King Hepry the cyght) hath excellently delinered. The people of India, if wee will credit Mopard#ſ, doe make of theſe Wormeſ diverſ inncatſ, aſ we doe Tartſ, Marchpanceſ, VW aferſ, and Cheeſe—cakeſ, to carc in ſtead of o— ther dayntieſ. And the Inhabitantſ of weſt India, do devour them raw, aſ Zramciſ Lopeſ teſtifieth. The people of Europe in no place that euer I heard or read of, can endure them to be fet on their T aableſ, but for medicinall vſeſ onely they deſire them. — Plewzwuſ vſeth in ſtead of a prouerþ thiſ that followeth ; = 5 Naunc ab tranſenna hic turduſ Lubricumpetit. 5 It iſ an allegotice taken and borrowed ſrom a ginne or ſnare wherewith Birdeſ are ta— ken : by which Chrp/aluſ the bondman bringing certain Letterſ to Ni/cobolyſ an old man, ſignifieth and giveth warning,chat the weake old man waſ by thereading of the letter no otherwiſe enſnared, intangled, & deceinued,cthen ſome birdſ are raken by ſubtile and eraf ty ſleightſ. For Traz/eenſ iſ nothing but a deccitfull cord ſtretched ou to take Birdeſ, ef— pecially Thruſheſ or Manifſeſ withall andWormeſ iſ there proper foode, which vyvhile theyendcuour to entrappe, they themſelueſ are deceined and taken. Surely I ſhould not thinke that thoſe Fiſherſ and Anglerſ to be vety wiſe, who to take Wormeſ,vſe to poure Liye or water into the carth wherein Hemp, Sothern—wood, Centery,Worme—woed,or veruen hauc bin long ſoked, or any other ſtrarge moyſture, canſing them by thiſmecane toiſſue forth our of the earth,for the Earth.—W ormeſ by thiſ kind of dealing being made more bitter, vnſauory, and vopleaſant, no fiſheſ will once touch or taſtthem, but rather ſeeketo atoyde them. But contrary—wiſe, if they will let them lie a whole day in V Vheat Meale, purting a little Hony to it, and then bayte their hookeſ with them,;they will be ſo ſweete, pleaſant, and delectable,aſ that the vnwary Fiſh will ſooner bite at it,chen at Am— broſia, the very meat of the Godſ. Earth—Wormeſ docalſo much good to men,ſeruing them to great vſe in that they do prognoſticate and fore—tell rainy weather by their ſodaine breaking or iſſuing forth of the ground :and if none appeare aboue ground ouner—night, it iſ a great ſigne it will be calme and fayre weather the next day. The ancient people ofthe world haue cuer obſcrued thiſ aſ a generall rule, that if Wormicſ pierce through the carth violently, & in haſt by heapſ, aſ if they had bored it thorowy with ſome little Auger or Piercer,they tooke for it an infal. lible token of Raine ſhortly after tofall. Forthe Earth being aſ it were embrued, diſtay— ned, made moyſt, and moouced with an imperceptible motion, partly by South—wind, & partlyalſo a vaporouſ ayre, it yecldeth an eaſic paſſage for round V Vormeſ to wind out of the inward placeſ of the carth, to give vnto them moy ſt food, and to Miniſtet ſtore of fat Iuyceſ, or fattiſh Ielly , wherewith they are altogether delighted. . Some there be found, that will faſhion and frame Iron aftet ſuch a manner, aſ that they will bring it to the hardneſſe of any ſteele, after thiſ order following. They take of Earth= VVormeſ two partſ, of Raddiſh—rootſ one part, after they are bruized together, the wa— rer iſ put into a Limbecke to be diſtilled, or elſe take of the diſtilled water of VVormeſ, Liij. of the inyce of Raddiſh , I. j. mixe them rogether, for Iron becing often quenched in thiſ water, will grow exceeding hatd. a " a Another im 9 40 go EE EOaa eanccomame efia ſ t t t e . Of Earth—W} Yymeſ. } Another. Take of Earth—wormeſ I. ij, deſtill them in a Limbecke with an' caſie and — gentle fire, & temper your yron in thiſ deſtilled water Another? Take of Goareſ blood ſo much aſ you pleaſe, adding to it a little common ſalt, zhcn'ctburſiv themia che earth in a pot well glaſed anc} luced for thirtic dayeſ together. Then deſtill after thiſ the (abie blood in Balneo,& to thiſ deſtilled liquor, adde ſo much of the deſtilled water of Earth—wormſ. Aunother. Take of Earth—wormeſ, of the rooteſ of Apple—ctrceſ, of Rapeſ , of cach a like— much, deſtill them apart by themſelueſ, and in equall portionſ ofthiſ water ſo deftilled, zlffld afterwardſ equaily mixed, quench your yron in it, aſ iſ {aid before. Antenyrwſ Gal— yſ. } } baarſ to It ſhall not be impertinent to our matter we hand1e} toaddea word'or two conccminſictg t thoſe wormeſ that are found and doe breede in the ſnow, which Therphaveſ in S#/abo cai: leth Orzp4ſ : but becauſe it may ſceme very ſtrange & incredible,to think that any wormeſ breede and liue onely in the ſnow, you ſhall heare whatthe Auncientſ haue committed to writing, and eſpecially S#rabo hiſ opinion concerning thiſ poynt. It iſ (ſaich hee) recer— uced amongſt the greater number ofimen, that in the ſrow there are certaine clotſ or hard lumpeſ that are very hollow, which waxing hard and thicke, doe containe the beſt yv2— tet aſ it were in a certaine coate; and that in thiſ caſt or purſe there! doe breede yvotmeſ, Theophaneſ calleth them Oripeſ, and Apollonideſ, Vermeſ, c f Ariſtotle ſaich, that linuing creatureſ will breede alſo euen in thoſe thingſ thatare not 20 ſubleC to putrefaGion, aſ for example, in the fire and ſnow, which of all thingeſ in the world, one would take never to be apt to putrefie, and yet in old ſrowe Weormeſ will be bred. Old ſnow that hath lyen long, willlooke fome—what dunne, or of a dulliſh white colout, and therefore the ſnow—wormeſ are of the ſame hiew, and likewiſe rough & hai— ric, But thoſe ſnow—wormeſ which are found to breed when tbe ayre iſ fomwhat warme, _ are great, and white in colour, and all theſe ſhow—wormeſ will hardly ſtirre , or mooue from place to place., And Pliny iſ of the ſame iudgement, and the Authour of tharbooke T4 11, which iſ intituled De Plantiſ, falſely fathered vpon Ay/# ofle. o pCaub : 1 . Yet ſome there be that denying all theſe authoritieſ, and reieeting whatſocuer can be obicGed for confirmation thereofto the contrarie, doe ſtourly maintaine by diverſ rea= 36 ſonſ, that creatureſ can breede in the ſhow : becauſe that in ſnow there iſ no heare , and where no quickning heate iſy there can be no prodiition of any liuing thing. Againe, Ariſtotle writeth that nothing will come of Iſe, becauſe it iſ (aſ hee ſaith) moſt cold : and hcere—ypon they inferre that in allreaſon, nothing likewiſe can take hiſ beginning from ſnow ; neither iſ it credible,chat huſbandmen would ſo often wiſh for ſnow in Winter to deſtroy and conſume wormeſ, and other littie vermine, that elſ would proour ſo hur; fu_il to their corne and other fruiteſ of thc earch. And if any wormeſ be foz_md in the foow, it followeth not ſtraightwaieſ that therein they firſt receivue theyr beginning, but rather that they firſt come out of the carth, and are afterwardſ ſeene to be wrapped vp , and lye on hcapeſin the ſnow, — . i 40 }gut by their leaueſ theſe reaſonſ are very weake, and may readily be aupſ'*.vcrclfldth?s, that whereaſ they maintaine that rothing can breede in theſnow, b;cau'ſ; itiſ voyd of a— ny heate at all, herein they build ypon a falſe ground. For if wee will adnlbltchc@dlrc ſto Auerrhoeſ, there iſ nothing compounded and made of the three Elementſ , that iſ all]) o}; Jlutely without heatc. And Ar/#azle in hiſ fift booke De Gemeratione Anz;lnleztm » tellet vſ preciſely, that there iſ no moyſture without heate. Hiſ wordeſ are Onder t;\grorz ctm?u thermon. Now now iſ a compa@, and faſt congealedſubſtance , and ſomc.ſſw ?[ mSy ;ſi for although it proceedeth by congelation, whichiſ nothmg elſ but a kind (;]ſio C(Z :]c;:] \ICOK'.; yert notwi(hſtandlin%;, d:*e matter l;Nhcr-:o(fl 1{ fcroſi ;Z:::n-cth 15 2 vapour , 1 nd with litele adoe may be turne: e 5o mo]ſſſſſſiſſ:ſt needeſ ſay that congyclation iſ a kind offexſiccarion, but yer not ſi*m};\ly 5 fOLZZ ſiccation iſ, when aſ humidity goeth away, it putterh fOſ\h_?fflY matter,bur in y ; a4,0: ; it i ranped in and encloſed more ſtrongly, iſ no humiditic that iſ drawne out,but it iſ rather wrapped in 2 \ I i— 0 . ifGotle in hiſ firſt booke of hiſ Mezeorſ and aſ it were, bounded round. Eurthermore Ari#0tl oed thit (bnd thar ſaith, that Snowy iſ Nubeſ congelata, a clowde congelared or thickned rogether , t A . bſ; } imalium, he further in ſnow there iſ much hc;tc. And in hiſ fift booke 1;; l(:ctſſctmmct Animalium, det _The; Hiftory of Serpentſ. addeth, that the ſſw_hitcncs(of the ſnow iſ cauſed by the ayre,that the ayre iſ hot and meiſt, and theſmow iſ white; where—yponwe concludexthat ſnow iſ not ſo cold, aſ {ome—would bearevſ in hand. I well hold that no;hing willtake hiſ originallfrom Ie , inregard of hiſ exceſſie coldneſ, but yetſnow iſ nochit (0 c t l 1C and let, iſ found to exccede of cold; which iſ nothing o effeQuall or forceable aſ in He,&: the cold becing prootued to be farre lctcſiſſcr, therſ ean nothing be alleadged.to the contraty, EE LIN ay PERe aadria finmno8 /> brſ eenloimilr y ; mert fofleÞ fiouen Now in that ſrow iſ ſuch an enemic'to wormeſ, and many other, ſmall crearureſ » aſ, that for themoſt part it deſtroyeth them, yet it fo|lowethnot, that the reaſon of 47/Worle iſ quire quer—throwne : becauſe (2ſ y\gq%:_ſſdaily_ſc_c)_ſit_h_at thoſe creatureſ which line in the ayre, will for the moſt part be ſuffocate and dye in the watet;:and contrariwife, thoſe that live in the water, carinot endure the ayre, Yet here—ypponit foloweth not, that if they be choked in the water, that none atall will line in the water, and the ſame realon. iſ to be al— leadged concerning the ayre, Therefore it iſ no mariellif thaſe wormeſ that firſt breede in the earth, and liue in the earth, be killed by the ſnow ; yet it neceſſarily followeth not, thatno liyging creature can rake hiſ firſ} beeing cither from or in the ſnow. But if it can, aſ Ariſtotle wirneſſeth, it iſ ſo farre ynlikely that the ſame ſhow ſhould be the deſtroyer of that it frft waſ bred of, aſ I thinke rather it cannor line ſeperately, but of neceſſitic in the ſame ſnoyy 5 no otherwiſe then fiſheſ can line without water,ftom which they firſt ſprung and had theyr beginning. . Mht 1 ot . . — ot And to thiſ opinion leaneth Thegphraziuſ, in hiſ firſt booke, DeCanſ?ſ Plantari, whole wordſ be theſe, Apanta gar phainetai ta 204, kai ta phuta, kaſ diamenonta, kai genomena,en: toizvikeiviſ capoiſ : For all creatureſ (ſaith he) whatſocuer, ſceme, both plantſ to remaine, and to be generated and bred, in their owne due and proper placeſ. And after thiſ he ad— deth and yrgeth a little further, Apazzhc mer hupo touton : from, hiſ owne home and ſpeci— all parciculer place of abode, nothing can ſuffer, ſuſtaine harme,, or be cortupted. And in hiſ fift booke De cauſ. Plam: heſetteth it downe more perſpicuouſly, how that, VWV ormeſ which are bred in ſome ſpeciall treeſ, beeing afterwardſ tranſlated and changed to other treeſ, where they never came before, cannot poſſibly live. WWherefore itiſ more conſo.— nant to reaſon, and more agreecable to comon ſence, to affirme that thoſe wormeſ which are found folded and roled vp in the ſnow, to haue beene firſt bred in the ſame ſnow, tra— ther then to haue iſſued out of the earth. ' Neither are we to make any queſtion or ſcruple concerning tbeyr foode ; for there iſ no doubt, but the mother from whence they proceeded , will prouide ſufficient noutiſh— ment for her owne children. For aſ we ſaid a little before, the ſnoww iſ noſimple thing,but compacted and concrete together of many , and of thiſ nature ought enery aliment to be, Juliuſ Caſar Scaliger iſ of thiſ mindce, that wormeſare ingendered and brought foorth in the very ſnow, becauſe there iſ in it much ayre and ſpyrit, which afterwardſ beecing he2— ted and brought to ſome warmth together, may cauſe them to generate; for it iſ the na— ture and qualitie of ſnow to make fat the earth, of which fattiſh moyſture or Telly, there may (heate beeing ioyned) be produced a liuing ercazure. } There be ſome that doe conſtantly hold , that in the midſt of cextaine ſtoneſ , of which they vſe tomake Lime,there doe breede dinerſ creatureſ , of very different kindcſ , and ſundry proportionſ and ſhapeſ, and likewiſe wormeſ, with hairy backſ , and many feete, which are wont to doc much hurt to Fornaceſ and Limbckillſ where they make Limbe. Yet Ceſalpinuſ in hiſ fuſt booke De Metal. chap. 2— thinketh the contrary,afſuring vſ that in Mettall—mineſ, Quartrieſ of Marble, and other ſtoneſ, there can neuer any lning bodie be found. And yet in Rockſ of the Sea, within the hollow placeſ and rifteſ of the ſtoneſ, they doe commonly finde certaine ſmall lining thingſ called DaZilz. "_ I doe not doubt, whatſocuer he ſaith to the contrary, but that many creeping, and o— ther linving creatureſ, may be found both in the ſecret Mineſ of ſtonce, and ſome—timeſ al— ſo amongſt Mettallſ, although it be fildome ſeene, And for confirmation heereof, I vyill alleadge one example happening not many yecereſ ſince in our owne Country. At Hayle— ſtone o myle from Holdenbie in Northamptenſhiere there waſ aQuarry of ftree ſtone found out, of which they digged for the building of Sir Chriitopher Hattonſ houſe , ywhexe there 3 wyaſ ing nig ſo coldiaſ that: —So, then all the hinderance., o 0 —Þ 0 10 20 30 Of Earth—Wormeſ. waſ raken vp one becing a yard and a halfe ſquare cuery way at the leaſt, and becing clo— uen aſunder, there waſ found in the very midſt ofit a great Toadealiue, but within a very ſhortſpace after, comming to the open ayre, it dyed. Thiſ ſtone amongſt otherſ , vvaſ taken very deepe out of the earth, it waſ ſplyt and cut aſtinder by one whoſe name iſ Lole, an old man yet liuing at thiſ day , it waſ ſeene of Sue hundred perſonſ, Gentlemen and 0— therſ, of woorthy repute and eſtecme, the moſt part of them liuing at thiſ bowre , whoſe atteſtation may defend mee in thiſ report : and ſurely, if Toadeſ may liue in the midſt of i(:toncs, I canſee no reaſon but that wormeſ may there be found, but aſ yet I could neuer ceit. In the yeere of Grace 970. at what time Romma/deſ the ſon of, Serginſ a young Monke, waſ aduaunced by the Nobilitie of Rexenwma to be theit Archbiſhoppe , there followed a great death and murren among Earth—vyormeſ : after that againe enſued ſcarſitie and dearth of all fruiteſ of the earth, aſ Carolwſ Sigoniuſ in hiſ Chronicle of the Kingdome of Iraly declareth. Fepyy Emperour of Rome, the ſonne of the Emperour Zepyy the third, aſ Cramz@nſ hath written, when he tooke hiſ voyage into Italy , becing ſuddenly ſtayed of hiſ intended courſe, with an Army ſent againſt him by Adarild , that he ſhould paſſe no further then Lombardie, yet hauing taken AMyzing,there appeared a ſtrange and vncouth ſigne in the ayre, for an innumerable company of W ormeſ,ſmaller and thinner then any Flyeſ, did flye about in the ayre, becing ſo thicke that they might be touched with any ſmall ſticke or wand, and ſometimeſ with the hand, ſo that they conered the face of the carth one myle in breadth , and darkned likewiſe the ayre two or three myleſ in length. Some did interpreteit aſ a ſigne or fore—telling, that fome Chriſtian Prince ſhould goe in— to the Holy—Land. In the yeere of our Lord God one thouſand, one hundred and foure, there wereſcene diverſ fiery and flying W ormeſ in the ayre, in ſuch an infinite multitude, that they dart— kened the light of the Sunne, ſceming to deprivue menſ eye—ſight thereof; and ſhortly af= ter thiſ monſtrouſ and vnnaturall wonder, there followed other ſtrange & ſildome—ſcene prodigiouſſightſ on the earth : and what a boyſterouſ ſtorme of troubleſ, and raging Whirle—wind of W arre and blood—ſhedde ſhortly after enſued, the cuent thereof did plainely manifeſt. Hhz DE 3) a "oia a on DltfoDd ad DegcrREDIgaRcr fl EPFLOGUS GRATTLATORTUOſ HONORANDO ATQVE IN OMNI ARTE, & MARTE, CVMVLATISSIMO VIRO, D: zyDoyicdo LEWKN ORo, EQYITI AVRATO, ET AVLICARVM CERE— MONIARVM MAGISTRO PRINCIPALT. t NECNON DOCTISSIMO ET (LARISSIMO UIRO D: THOM IB BONHAMO, 72x U'V!EDICINISK DOCTOR I, Xorienteſ ſtelle (ſecundir Aſtronomoſ) primu, aſpe&u tranſuerſo at g, laterali huinſ vninerſitatiſ montiumcacumina, atque || | erxboruim ſummitateſ [alutant, neg, hoc velillud regnum, aliqnemue locggm, perſonamue particularem conſpicantur : verune altivſ aſcen+ denteſ, & graduſ plureſ ab ortu ſupergreſſ@,on [olum magiſ oppoſ?— t2, terr a apparent, ſed omniumintuentium oculeſ vultuſg, videntur } |$ direite verberare. Ita miki(abſit inttantia)yvſu—venit accidit i jillu— Striſfime Mileſſ at , Dottor venerande , poſStquam enim prateden— } 12 de Quadrupedibuſ iuſtoriam (pro meo poſſe ) abſoluiſſenſ, non ſine Epilogo, tanto labori va— E leditebanſ : verum neminem cuinſcungue conditioniſ vel ſpecialiter reſ]zicſizebctſ , ſed generali— E ter, emnibuſ huinſ Britannic orbiſtum [tudioſiſ tum pijſ inſilaniſ proponcbam. Longiuſ vero L_ in iſtiuſinodſ Epicyclo, ſeu laborum atherea ſphara progreſſuſ, calamuſ, oculuſanimuſ7, in ve— a fram coniunttiſſimi, mutuanaque eyga haſ Incubrationeſ humanitatem , quaſtirrenerberato fludio counertuntur 5 vobiſ enime, pre omuibuſ buinuſ anguſtiſſimi regui, vel generoſiſ, vel ſt— dioſiſ, ſ dewinit am atque obligatam,fatetur pr aſenſ de venenatiſ animalibuſ, hiſtoria. Dya— propter, ſitantum honoriſ, memoranda aliqua veſtrorum ( erga hac opu ſEulum r) meritorum,7e— cognitione, in voſ conferre potui, quantum veſtr a miranda ingenna {ludia merentur , laborem alternm in panegyricamſtue Heroicam veſtram lande pr edicandam, libentiſſime ſubirem.Sed me pluſ honeſi?? quam modeſte vobiſcum agere videam, canat Muſamea hoc diftichon vnum: Et veſtrz cure teſtiſ pia charta manebit Quam recinet quidquid poſteritatiſ erit. Perganmſ igitur, (ſummo fanente numine )ſi vobiſ placet ad tertiam de vinipariſ hiſtoriam, we eſt de volatilibuſ celi : tenueſ licet ſunt fortuna me 2 , infinitaque tum panupertatiſ tum pa— ftoraliſ E uangelicit, officif cur a me quotidie circumſtant affligunt g,, non tamen quicſcam , do— nec alte volantia, &r profunde natantia animalia, ( ſi Chriſtuſ mibi propitiuſ erit ) in canacu— liſ & contubernijſ veſtriſ, ſine omniferitate C& falſitate, tracianda, conſþicanda, lcgmdctctz, cog— noſcenda demenſtranero. 0 Beatiſtima Trinitaſ, tu creaſti Angeleſ Celi , &r vermiculeſ ter— ye, non eſ in illiſ ſuperior , in iſtiſ non eſ infcrior, non eſt poſſibiliuſ tibi creare wz_-m_icu[zZ quan Angelum, extendere folinm quam celum, formare capillum quam corpuſ,nom feciſtime lſiz_]zzct{e, vel Anem, vel Serpentem , quia bonit aſ tua me ordinauit vt landem twam in creaturarit cog— pitione anniitiarem.0 Sanitiſſiimne,{i amabiliſ eit ſapientia in cogitatione vel cognitione re— rum cognitarum, quam amabiliſ eſt ſapientia tua , que ommia condidit ex ctml{zlo. Differnnt : certe Creator & creatura, nam ea quaper ſe conſiderata pulchra ſunt, pulchrioribuſ comparata wileſcunt : ideo vt ommibuſ tui numiniſ pulchritudinem enarrem, ſecundii miſcricordiam ta— am da mili ſenſwun capacem., intelleZum — facilem, menforia.m tema ctm,cſiſiffimciam in opere.pro— fectum in (fudilſ, pragreſſizm in conceptiſ, &r gratiam in mmmſh{zme , ut quocund, me connertam,vbid, tua manuſ pr acedat , that}, beſi;fedzffio equatir , quouſi, omniſ anima ſbiraculum trahenſ vite, tham & landanerit maieſtatem: Amtn. Hbh 3 A & Iy BT T AICAUTINI® Eſiw@ſiſ%%%ſfi@ at .ſſctſſgſi}f YY mrat '*n ,ſſ.-}ſi A T ableof the nameſ of allthe F oure—footed—Serpentſ. Greca. Myſ Authedon 64 Neilg crocodolyloſ 128 Lacertuſ aquaticnſ 207 Anthrenaſ 92 Ophiomaacheſ Lacertuſ 203 Arachne 246 Ophionikoſ Lacertuſ viridiſ 209 Artr a 205 Plaſtiſ 64 Lacerti alif dinerſi 204 Aſcalaboteſ 276 P/ammamythe 27 6 Mantiſ 185 Aſpiſ 54 Puriphrunoſ Muri—Lacertuſ 6 3 Batrachoſ I76 Phrunoſ 187 Wepa 222 Batrachoſ Kalamiteſ 180 Salamandra Phalangium 246 Batrachoſ Dryopeteſ 180 Sauroſ 203 Rama aquatica G& in genere 176 Batrachoſ Chloroſ 18o Saureſ Enydroſ 213 Rank temporaria 177 Batrachoſ Eleioſ Lymmaioſ SauraEliake Ranunculuſ viridiſ yvel rana ta— Bleſtaſ 222 Saura Chalcei lamiteſ ant dryopoteſ. 185 Telmaticoſ Egemoneſ 64 Saura Chalkidike 203 Ranaſiue rubeta gibboſa,& alie Eleiobatrachoſ SawraChlorſ 203 ramemutain gevere. 186 Brexanteſ 185 Scorpioſ 222 Raparubctecum paluſtreſ tum Chamelcon 112 Skinke terreſtreſ,contra ompeſ venetaſ Champſai * Skighoſ 142 rantſ. . 187 Chebne 282 Sepſ 236 Ramnvenenatafoſſiliſ 17 Chelone Limnaia Stibe 245 Rnbeta 187 Chelone Cher/uie 285 Syreneſ 3 Rimatrix 217 Chelone Oreia 285 Thamiamithoſ 276 Cordula ſine corduluſ 126 Chloro—ſaura 209 Toichobateſ Salamandra . 217 Dendriteſ 128 Throuaſ, Scorpiuſ, Scorpto 222 Dryopeteſ 185 Zanthai 64 Stellia . 276 Eleioſ _ Zulobateſ Teſtudineſ in genere . 280 Emyſ Tiſtudo terreſira 387 Carazum 276 Latine. Teſtudineſ que in aqua duleciai— Caleoreſ 276 — . 4 a vunt ſtue paluſtri ſiue _7'17m;-m*e;8l 6 Rexanteſ. 10j Z:Z;Zſſ fo2 Bufo 187 Tq/ludo Marina 287 Kanthagiſ 56 Cantharideſ. 96 Teffudopolipuſ Kephen 78 Candinerberſ. 141 Tinea agreſtiſ 1;3 Kikeroſ 142 Chalciſ ſen chalcidica Lacerta_ Veſpſ 4, 3 Koliſaura 203 7 T;ia't Lacertſ. P J Z y Korduloſ Kordule 126 Chameleon ! 1 \ Koloteſ 276 Cariulus, Cordijle —= 1262 ]t ctlzctm + i, 28 Crabroneſ a y ol IZ'Zct/fZZZZſi SaPE Cyerodilne © 126 Peche non fa mele 78 Lalageſ 196 Eruce 102 Biſcaſcutellaria zgz Lyakoni 276 Fucuſ 78 Boffa & 87 Mantiſ Geptaria 222 Borta 6 1ſſ7 Meliſſa 64 Scincwſ, quem aliqui crocodilum Boug citca Neocomum uI 807- 7 5bi em wocanſ 1I — Li—ct thiſ p],::;zſtgr * idjſim Buſfo, Buſſſ, Buſonc 187, Of Foure—footed—Serpentſ. Brucho 103 Calauron 92 Cantarella 96 Ciatto 287 ChatrRbatiſ buffo 187 Coforone 282 Crabrona 92 Cufuruma 382 Gaiandre de aquk 207 Galana 282 Galanron 92 Gex 9 Leguro 203 Liguro 203 Lucerta | 203 Lucertula 203 Maraſandola 203 Muſcone 85 Racanella 187 Racano 203 Racula 185 Ragno 203 Ragua 246 Ramarro 187 Ran2 176 Ranainoto 185 Ranocchia 185 Ranonchiaderubetto ibid: 5 185 Roſpo 4187 Roſada 217 Rugauerme 103 Salamandra 27 Saraffon 92 Scurtigicio 222 Scorpio terreſtre 222 Tarantula 7, 276 Tanocka;... } 282 Tartuce 282 Tartugella 282 Teſtudine 282 Teſtugine 282 Teſtunia 282 Veſpe 83 Vreſpa. 83 EHiſpanica. Biſpa 83 AAlacram, Aloctoni 222 Aranna 246 Cavado 287 L(ſi}ubiſſllo . 96 Eſcorpion 222 Gagado 282 Galapago 282 Lacerta 203 Lagardixa 253 Lagartiſa 20Þ Lagarto 203 Oruga 103 Rana 176 Salamantegua 217 Sapaeſcuerco 10 Taburroſ S moſcardoſ . 8 3 Tartaruga 282. 287 Tarwuga "v582 Veſpa 83 Zangando 78 Gallica, Lebrenne 21y Arrafſade 217 Araigue 246 Baradon 78 Blande at7 Boug coupe citrca Neoco: 282 Cantaride 96 Chamelyon 12 Crapault 187 Crocodile 128 Croiſſet 185 Gratſlet 185 Grenouille 76 Gueſpe 83 Fullon 78 Foulonſ 92 Lyſarde 203 Lyſarde verde 209 Renogle 185 Scorpion 222 Sourd 217 Stinco 142 Tartue 282 Taflot \ 21 3 That Neocomi 203 Tortue 282 Tortuce deſ boyſ 285 Tortue de mer " 282 Trellonſ 92 Traſonſ .. 92 Verdier 185 Alyrica, * Zeno 78 Geſſcierka 203 Geſſlier 203 Zaba 176 Czezo 78 Zabatrawna 185 germzzmm. JDtr 203 mDaſſer ader 213 Crocodill 128 }Egles 203 Epochg 203 Egd etſch 203 Froeſch or froſchy 176 Gartemfroſch 181 GSruene Refer 96 Goldbaer 96 Laubftroſch 185 Reinfroſchlin 16 Furthrott 187 Garten f&rott Sſchertzenttdoer Sruner Bepdog 209 GullenKrottle Doptzger HBrott 187 Guilen K&rottle } Schiltkrott 282 Taller krott 282 Tuindclourm I12 Baal 217 þHunter Wflfi\ 217 fllþou\e Bolch Wmſchrltkrot BDaidhourm 85 Woll 217 noaſſermoll — 213 3Gin WOelpe a i8ſ Olin 217 Hadde 187 yount 187 _—Ruapp 187 RQuattertetſch 217 jEin Waup 102 Beinſroſchle Jmmecr 282 SHiltpadde 282 Borſch, flanuy ' Craen. 78 t ) Zsſi ZKWL M ſictf\\ ſſſſv,__wſſ?)ſi: 'C*'; 'ſſſſ ſſct\-—v Cct .C.r*ſi'ſſ\ Z\WWVWV 'ffiſix RHr & Nfiſſ&w%@Y\ZÞAM@W% EÞF(. { Pffi%% KNWW )-. J vſſd \ ſſ, \_5@:6; A Tableoſall the Latine nameſ oſ Ser]]enu without leg(ger aſpell corrupted aſ Latine. ' Contiaſ Affodiuſ ' Afuditſ Alidr aſ draco alatuſ Aminudutuſ Athoatiſ Ammodyteſ Amphibena Ampbhiſbana Ampbifilene Amphifileneſ Andriuſ draco alatuſ Anger Anguiſ Anguiſ Eſculapinſ Atiguiſ alatuſ Anguina peliiſ Anguirana Apiſ Aranea Araciſ Aranemſ Argeſ Argole ſerpenteſ Aſpiſ Arunducuſ Afſvileeſ Aſpiſ * Aſpiſ liypualiſ Aſpiſ Thermutiſ Aſpiſ ſieca Athaeſ Baron Baſiliſciſ Boa Boua Cecila Cacinia Cacula Cecuſ ſeypenſ Cancroſ Caharuſ Carnen . Carmen 143 193 193 $3 148 53 lsI I5I Igl I51 —240 — 241 241 64 21 54 54 94 idem idem $4 idem idem idem idem 203 119 II1 IJ 239 239 239, 239 thoſe in v/e. Canbaeruſ, Canſon Canſoniuſ Canſuſ ſ Cenchrie 53—211 Cenchriteſ 53, UMI Cenchrineſ 53.2IL Cenchroſ 211 Cenchreiſ 211 Cenchriti . 311 Cenchruſ hiſ, ou Cenchriſ AZIL Centhrineſ . — att Centria ; 53 Centriteſ. 53 Cerafteſ 7 — 198 Cerchnia *© Cerchria \ Cericlla . 239 Ceriſtaliſ 198 Cernini ſerpenteſ Ceruſteſ Chamalcon Chelidonia vide aſpiſ , Chelydruſ 174 Cherſidal Cherſea vid: matrix Colubra 51 Coluber . 51 Corium anguiſ Cornuta Cornuta aſpiſ Cormutuſ Cophiaſ 234 Chriſtaliſ 198 Cruciator Colindri 175 Decurtatuſ Dendrogaillſ 173 Dipſaſ Drace 154 Draco pythinſ vide dracon: Drace marinuſ Draconeſ Alati 158 Drinaſ 1744175 Dryinuſ 17 4. 17 " Duriſſoſ —Echidna t4 Echidruſ Elapſ 176 Elaphiſ 176 Elephantix ſerpenteſ 167 Elopſ 276 Enkydriſ 243 Enydriſ 243 Epidauriuſ anguiſ vide dracon: Excetra Exvniſ ſerpentiſ Encuſ 78 @anda_/u Graz ſerpenteſ Hemorrhaiſ 193 Hamorrhouſ 193 H. alfordim 'I93 Hiren 3 * Hipmale vide aſpiſ Hippupix Hirundo Hjena 200 H}dm 240 H]drm 240 Hydralernaa :—20% Hydra fa[m[oſh 201 Hydri marini 233 Hypnaliſ Taculuſ 143 Ilicinuſ | Irundo Laphiati Leberiſ Lernaſ Hydra vid. Hydra fabu— loſa. Libye ſerpenteſ 203 Lutrix Lumbrici . 306 Marinuſ ſerpentſ Melanuruſ Merguli ſerpenteſ Mille peda Miliariſ — 214 Moluruſ . 203 Multipeda Muitaca 205 } T he T able of Serpentſ without Zeggejct Myagruſ 203, Mylacriſ 203 Nadera vide coluber Natrix 243 dVatrix 243 Natrix torguata WNepavide Scorpia Otfindra wide Viper Ophiomachuſ 209 Ozophiaſ 203 Padera 203 Paderotea ſerpenteſ 203 Pagerina 203 Palmeriſ ſerpenſ Pareaſ 203 P Arouſ 203 Pedicaluſ ſerpenſ Apulcinſ Peliaſ . 204. Pennatuſ ſerpenſ vide alati ſerp: Porphyruſ 214 Preſter 214 Ptytaſ vide aſpiſ Putria Querculi 175 Reguluſ 119 Sabrine 198 Sawrite 194 Sacer ſerpenſ vide dracon Scytala 232 Semmereon Semurion Senediuſ anguinſ Seveit a Sepedon 236 Sepſ # 236 Serpagerina Serpenſ 10 Serpenſ Epidauriuſ vid: dracon: Serpenſ beniqnuſ Serpenſ 4 crojliſ denominatuſ Serpenſ volucriſ vide dracon Serpenſ alatuſ vide dracon Serpenſ palmariſ Serpenſ Niger Serpenſ ſepticepſ vide hydra Serpenſ rubeſcenſ Serpenſ Marina Serpenſ Marinuſ Serpenſ facer vid: dracon. Serpenſ marinuſ in Norneg:233 216 233 233 Serpenſ Epidauri vide dracon Serpenſ Magalinune Serpenſ flanimarini vid: 233 Serpula 19 Seyſeculue Sibiluſ 119 Sipheden Sirtaliſ Situla, Solifuga Spartarinuſ Spathinruſ 203 Spectaficuſ Spolium ſerpentiſ Spondyliſ Sfreme Teſlini 239 Teſtiti 239 Tephloti 239 Triſtaliſ 198 'Tyliacuſ, Typhle 239 Tipbline 239 — Typhioſ 239 Typhlinuſ 239 Tyria 280 Tyriſ 280 Vermiſ 306 Veſpa Vipera 290 Vrzuſ Eegyptiorum A Table ot the H;zbrew,Chal. de,Arabian, & Perſian nameſ of Serpentſ. Gmelon 172 4 3 Abideſ 243 Acbar, Acabith,Acobitha. 246 Acchabim 234 Acrob # Acoran © 143 Adare 205 Adbaya 142 Afiſ 240 Affordiuſ Afudiuſ Ageſtim 10 Akchub 54 Alphai 290 Alafafrai 290 Albar a 64 Albediſimoſ . 154 Alchalha Alleſilati Alrabian 142 Alganarat 222 Alfalbai Alfabex 280 Alfordinſ 193 Alguarel Albathaie 203 Albartraf IS4 Albatraf 154 Abahaul 176 Alhedyſimon 154 Alimſ a 127 Alkatereti 2 22 Alkiſmuſ I51 Alphe Alſalach E Altararat 145 Altinanti 145 Al—Timaſch 127 Altynatyci ,— Aluka 127 Alurel 276 Atmeſ Aminduth 53 Andriuſ 243 Antkeſimen I51 Apgnath 290 Apertiaſ 1o Affulhaſch 287 Arab 203 Arach Armene 119 Aſchanchur 14% AſpiStichon 243 Ataia 203 Atuſſi 10 Ballecola, Ballekar a 142 Blefaricon 185 Butriſa. Caferect 143 Cafegati 143 Carbo 203 Carment I19 Carnen Cedebroa 103 Ceruſt © 198 Certriſ 103 Cheneiſ 1 Chaldaicum to Charatim 306 Cucunoineſ . 193 Curman I19 Deborah 6 4. Difdah. Difdaha. Deibrane 83 Dracon. 10, 155, Dunioſ Egloſe 203 Eoſman 290 Eoſmeri 280 Eratron Faget 127 F. a[iui/ uſ 3II Famauſuſ 31 Falcalhaileb Ghazain 303 Gelue Genluſ Gereſchine The LTable of 8 erpentiWwithout [cſſ*ggffl. Gereſchine 127 Tenchea 127 Kevchriteſ e2% _ Guaril 276 1\Teaſty 10, Teſtil I(Z I(eſifzchrictz a ;; Guaſſenabraſ 276 Kegelviſ, Keraſleſ, | Kilindib: Hacparab 222 +Thanim 63 MACndirond Ancitiem=rcct Hadaie 10 Zepha | TZ3 Pria noto? opheiſ KRermene Zephardea 127; 176 Pyrrhiaſ, Pythone E Redaſudaruſ 243 Ziphceni 54 Rophiaſ Kvah rey }2 ſ Bt Suctta? I45 _ Koach 187 Grzca nomina Serpetiii com— Scorpion, Skytale Koah, Koach 112 munium apedoonki/ Sepedon, Sepi, Sipa, Sepſ 3 Kipod 281 Imorrhooſ Ophiſ 193 Situla Sitiſ ancra4y Lanigermuſha 203 Akontixſ 143 Spondele, Syphae 7 Letaah 203 276 "_ _Amodyteſ 53 Triſſoſ, Tuphlon) Typilyne Iyſerda 203 Ampbiſbaina 351 \Typhoteſ, Typhloneſ Maſkar 176 Amphiſthmaina ©151 Dph/inoſ, Typhilivſ & Myſoxuſ 187 Ammoatiſ"U{l 147 Ydraleſydra 243 Nahalca. 64 Argaſ, Argeſ 54 Tdraſ . > 243 % Nathaſch 10 Aſþiſ : | 54 _ odralica, Nigri Baſilikoon therien Mitroldo Nudalep, Nudalepi 142 Boaſ Fab i J Ancea . Ogch 153 Geraſ Ophcoſ — Ange Pelipah 203 Graai, Geſenterd 306 Antza 242 _ Pethen 5$4, It9 Dakoſ Daketon Aſpe 54 þ PLZ;4 2465 Dermeſteſ, Aſpide ſ 54 Sabin ' Diphidlanſ 2 >= DJ; a Aſpido del coruo, 53 Saamby aſ . 203, 217 Drakonz. > t E Bzſſq Baſiliſco I9 Samabraſ 203.217,276 Drakiſ— 26 A54) Biſcia buona ſ Senabraſ 2055276 Drakaina,) i Doineſ, . 174 Bxſſſſc ange 2242 Sapidi, Sabrim, Sabtin Drijiingſſ. y aiſ -I'ZCF Biſle . 4 Skabhul 281 Elegon, e "Elopſ! =>> Biſa Orbula ;; ZZ P Schanchur 142 Embruadtimephern. Bt CA{EO" fe4 Schephiphon 1to, 198 Echelan tfir@o{z Echiſ 290 Ca? g)n 22z0 3 Sciſcptaliſ, Scifcetaliſ | Ec/udnlz_, 2£90 fflghu/[uſ{.*gw Co ubra ; Selach alhaie, Selſi Enxbydriſ* #.... 243 Drago | 15d4 Sermabyaſ Therion Dſa_goſiſi'- — * (; Semamith 246,276 Kauſon 147 Karoruſ 243 Lucignola ſ ctg 9 ? ; : 4 211 Lumbricchi 306 Semurion Sibth 246 Kegchrine o devauſ 7 Sipiti Siſemat 281 Kegohroſ E34 M amſi.ſſo E27 25 Sifcetati . Suchuſ 127 Kegchridion 354 [WEHTCHOY Pagerioſ T he T able of Serpentſ without leggeſ. Pagerina, wide Inno: Serpentiſ Scorzo 10, 299 Scorſoni 51 Scorzone 10, 5$1, 290 Scorzonci 290 Scorzonaſa . at Scorſona 51 Scurtio: Sactta Sacettone Sagittari Serpe Serpente Serpe de aqua Serpa ſerena Serpe negro 203 Spoglia delle ſerpi. Vipera 290 Hiſpanica et Luſitanica. Beia 564 Baſiliſco 119 © Bicha 290 Bivora . S$$H290— Cabra he Culebra > . Ienwlr—F1 Lumbrizeſ — t nngoſd —: Sierpe & to! Gallicaſ © Spic 5 aitndſ 54 Anguille de baje 203 Baſilic ESyacin ay ) Ceraſtconſerpent cormu 198 Coleuure 51 SSF IN I 8. 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