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AN

EPITOME

OF THE

NATURAL HISTORY

OF THE

INSECTS OF (CHINA:

CO MPRISING

FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS

OF

UPWARDS OF ONE HUNDRED NEW, SINGULAR, AND BEAUTIFUL SPECIES; TOGETHER WITH
SOLIE THAT ARE OF IMPORTANCE IN NIEDICINE, DOIVIESTIC ECONOIVIY, &C.

THE FIGURES

ARE ACCURATELY DRAWN, ENGRAVED, AND COLOURED, FROM SPECIMENS OF THE INSECTS;

THE DESCRIPTIONS

ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM OF LINNEUS; \VITH REFERENCES TO THE

WRITINGS OF FABRICIUS, AND OTHER SYSTEMATIC AUTHORS.
+»

B} E. D ONOVAN,

AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH INSECTS, 86‘:-

LONDON:

PRINYED FOR THE AUTHOR, 131’ T. BEIVSLEY;

AND SOLD BY WHITE, FLEET-STREET; FAULDER, BOND-STREET; BELL, OXFORD-STREET, SEC.

1798.

 
 

 

 
X C 5" 7 I 7
f137Vep£

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE History, and Present State of China, as far as relates to its government, its sciences, and
its arts, has long been considered worthy of the deepest research; and much information has been
collected on these subjects, with considerable labour and expcnce, under the auspices of several of
the most powerful courts in Europe. If the natural productions of that country have attracted less
attention, it is only because their value and importance are less generally known; upon better
acquaintance they would at once excite our astonishment, and convince us of their utility.

General readers are sometimes disposed to consider the Inseét World as too minute and fri—
volous to deserve investigation. Let them remember, however, that to a foreign Insect the staple
commodity of this kingdom is indebted for its richest dye; that from another we derive the most
costly articles of dress, and splendid ornaments of luxury; and the utility of many others is appa—
rent in various branches of medicine, the arts, and domestic economy.

Prompted by these reflections, the Author determined to submit to the Public a Series of En-
gravings illustrative of the Entomology of China.—-But flattering as the prospect of encourage-
ment to his project appeared, he would not presume to publish his \Vork till the result of the late
Embassy of Earl Macartney to that country was fully known : of that the public are now in pos-
session; and, though, in common with every friend to the commercial advantages and scientific
inquiries of this country, the Author must regret its issue, it is perhaps, on the whole, more
favourable to the present Publication than if the event had been different. If indeed a more
general intercourse had been established between the two nations, and the language of China had
been better understood, it is impossible to calculate the advantages which Entomology, amongst
other sciences, might have derived; for the Chinese, like their neighbours the Japanese, are well
acquainted with the natural productions of their empire, and Zoology and Botany, in particular,
are favourite studies amongst them. To what degree of excellence they have arrived in their
scientific researches we are not informed, but we must not affect to despise the instruction of a
people amongst whom the most useful arts, and sciences, first dawned and acquired a high degree
of perfection, when “ Europe had scarcely a few savages scattered over her forests.”

The few, but interesting hints, which Sir George Staunton has given on the practical Ento—
mology of China, induces us to look forward to a period when some of the Insects, as well as
Plants, of that vast empire may be no less objects of curiosity, than of national utility and im—

portancc; the Chinese Cochineal Insect 8, and that from which the wax of the east is procured,

a Dr. Anderson has found eight species of Coeci at Madras. One of these, he says, was found on a young Citron—tree, Citrus
Sinensis, just landed from China; it was more deeply intersected between the abdominal rings than any of thofe of the coast,
and he names it therefore C. Diacopeis.—Calleaim of Letter: frm Madras, 7M. 28, l7BB.—The Cactus Cochinilifer has lately
been found by Mr. Kincaid, at Canton; its Chinefe name is Fun mung—This has been transmitted to the Napalry of the Hon.

A

566833

 
 

 

are two species that deserve particular attention. The medical precepts of the Chinese will cer-
tainly find few votaries in Europe, but as articles of medicine, amongst others, the Meloe Ci-
ehorei, which were the cantharides of the ancients, and are now used by the Chinese, may be of
importance, as it possesses more virtues than the Meloe Vesicatorius used in our pharmacy: the
Curculio regalis, Buprestis vittata, and many others, are also employed in articles of jewellery in
the eastern parts of the world, and may vie with the richest gems in beauty and splendour.

These observations we presumed to offer on the Entomology of China, in submitting the
Design of this undertaking to the public. We have solicitously endeavoured to gratify the eu—
riosity and expectation such observations were calculated to excite, and trust not altogether un-
successfully. On the economical purposes of the Chinese Insects we can offer little except eon—
jectures; those may, however, assist the inquiries of future observers; and the general reader will
not be disposed to regard it with less favour, if novelty and beauty supply the deficiency of useful
information. It embraces, in one view, a variety of the most uncommon and brilliant species of
that fertile region, portrayed in an elegant and faithful manner; and classically arranged accord—
ing to the favourite system of Linnaeus. Thus, whilst our Epitome of the Chinese Insects ex—
hibits a splendid display of this beauteous race, it may insensibly lead to a comprehensive survey
of the system itself; and, by conveying instruction‘i'n its most pleasing form, facilitate the study
of this charming, but much neglected science.

From its commencement, the Author has been encouraged by the liberal attention of several
persons, whose names would reflect honour on this undertaking, were he at liberty to mention
them. He has already observed that his own collection includes several thousand specimens,
collected by amateursiof the first celebrity 11. To this he may add, that every other collection he
was desirous of consulting, has been kindly open to his inspection; and every information com-
municated with a readiness that merits his warmest thanks. Amongst these, he cannot refrain
noticing the valuable collection of Drawings and M58 before alluded to; the specimens of In-
sects collected in the journey of his Excellency Earl MACARTNEY, in the late embassy to
China; and the very magnificent collections of Mr. FRANCILLON and Mr. DRURY, from
both of whom he had unreserved permission to figure and describe whatever his own cabinet
could not furnish. And, finally, he must own himself particularly indebted to the favours of the
Right Hon. Sir J. BANKS, Bart. K. B. whose invaluable cabinet and library have afforded him
every assistance in completing his design, and for which he begs leave to testify his most grate-

ful acknowledgments.

East India Company, at Madras, and promises to be of future advantage to the commercial concerns of Great Britain. We
have been unable to procure any of the Chinese Cochineal insects, and purposely omit that species which Sir G. Staunton has
noticed, because it has no relation to the productions of China.

b The late Duchess Dar-wager cf Portland, Tunrirzll, Esq. Governor Hulfort], Sweet/mm”, Ellis, Kath, Huts, Forster, Buffy, &c. &c.

 

 

 
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COLEOPTERA.

+—
SCARABZEUS NASICORNIS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae terminate in a kind of club, divided longitudinally into laminae. Second joint of the foremofi

pair of legs furnifhed with fpines or teeth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
A fcntellum. Thorax armed with three prominences. Horn on the head recurved. VVing-cafes fmooth.
SCAR ABEUS N ASICORNIS: {cutellatus thorace prominentia triplici, capitis cornu recurvo, elytris laevibus.

Linn. Sjfl. Nat.
Fab. Em. Sly/Z. 1. P. 14. 38.

 

 

The male of this fpecies is furnifhed with a long recurved horn on the head; the female has only a

{mall rifing on that part. It is found in Europe as well as China.

 

 

SCARABEUS SENICULUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Without fcutellum. The anterior part of the thorax furnifhed with two horns, pofierior of the
head bidentated.

SCARABEUS SENICULUS : exfcutellatus thorace antice clypeo pofiice bicorni. Fall. Em. Syji. 1. 13.43. 142.

 

The annexed figures exhibit the two Iexes of Scarabaeus Seniculus. In fome {pecimens the fpots are
very indiflinét and reddith, in others the wing-cafes have faint red firiee. The female has the rudiments of

horns on the thorax.

 
 

COLEOPTERA.

SCARABEUS MIDAS

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Without fcutellum. Thorax armed With three horns: a horn on each fide of the head.

SCARABIEUS MIDAS: exfoutellatus thorace tricorni, capitis, clypeo flnuato bicorni.
Fad. Em. Syfl. T. l. p. 45. 148.

 

The figure of this rare fpecies is taken from a fpecimen in the collection of Mr. Drury, of London, on
affurance that it was received from China. Another, in the cabinet of Sir I Banks, Bart. defcribed by
Fabricius, is noted from America.

The horns on the head of this infeét have a very uncommon appearance, and which authors have

compared to a pair of cars. The fpecific name Midas has been aptly given from this circumfiance.

 

SCARABEUS BUCEPHALUS

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Without fcutellum. Thorax blunted in front, armed with four teeth or horns. Shield of the head

angulated, furniflled with a horn.

SCARABJEUS BUCEPHALUS: exfcutcllatus thorace retufo quadridentato, capitis clypeo angulato: cornu
emarginato. Fall). Em. Syfl. T. 1. 1:. 5]. 166,

 

This fpecies has been confounded with S. Molofl'us. Both infects are given on the fame plate, that
the difference may be precifely obferved.

 
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COLEOPTERA.

_.__..——

SCARABZEUS MOLOSSUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

\Vithout fcutellum. Thorax blunted, armed with two teeth, or horns: impreffed on each flde. Front of

the head lunated; with a horn. VVing-cafes fmooth.
SCARABIEUS MOLossos: exfcutellatus thorace retufo bidentato utrinque impreflb, clypeo lunato unicorni
integro, elytris laevibus. Linn. 33]}. Nat. 2. 543. 3.

Fab. Em‘. Sjfl. 1. P. 51. 167.

 

S. MolofTuS and S. Bucephalus are very common in China., The firlt feems a local fpecics, the latter is
{aid to be found in other parts of the Eatt Indies. Olivier has given three varieties of Scarabaeus Moloffus.

The fpecimen figured in the annexed plate is the 'vm'. c. of that author.

The larva: of the larger kinds of coleopterous infec‘ts, abounding in une‘tuous moiflure, are not lefs
efteerned as food among forne modern nations, than they were by the epicures of antiquity. In Jamaica,
and other iflands in the VVefi Indies, the Macohko a larva is an article of luxurious food; and in China
mofi infects in that fiate are appropriated to the fame purpofc. Thus alfo the Romans introduced the

larvae of the Lucani b and Ceramb es C in their Volu )tuous re )atts- revioufl feedinn‘ them on farinaceous
7 Q

fubfiances to give confiflence to the animal juices.

The learned author of the laft account we have of China, fays, “ Under the roots of the canes is found
a large white grub, which being fried in oil is eaten as a dainty by the Chinefe.” Perhaps this is the larva
of Scarahaeus Molot’fus, which, like many other of the Scarabaei,d may live fedentary in the ground, and
fubfift on the roots of plants : the general defcription and abundance of this infect in China favours fueh
opinion. The fame author o‘oferves, in another part of his work, that “ the aurelias of the filk worm
which is cultivated in China, after the filk is wound off, furnifh an article for the table.” This alfo is
a very ancient cufiom among the Afiatics, and even Europeans, before the fixteenth century, it we may
credit Aldrovondus: c it is certain the worms, if not the aurelias, were adminifiered in medicine in early

ages. ‘
a Prionus damicornis. Fall. Ent. Syfl.—Ceramhyx damicornis. Linn. Mint.

b Stag beetles. 0 Capricorn, or Goat beetles.

d The larvae of the Scarabaei live in the trunks of decayed trees, in putrid and filthy animal fubfiances, or in the earth. The

laft are the moit injurious, hecaufe they deflroy the roots of plants. All the known kinds of thcfe larvae are of an unwieldy

form, and Whitifh colour, the {kin free from hairs, and only the head and fore feet defended with a {helly covering.
6 The German {oldiers {omctimes fry and eat {ilk worms. Alrlra'v.
f Silk worms dried, powdered, and put on the crown of the head, help the wriiga and tonal/[Menu mundify or cleanfe the

blood, &c. &c. Schrudems, Seraph, 59):. {9%.

 
 

 

COLEOPTERA.

———-azau-———

SCARAB/EUS SACER.
SACRED BEETLE.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
No feutellum. Front of the head divided into fix dentations. Thorax unarmed, margin crenulated.

VVing-cafes fmooth. Shanks of the poflcrior legs hairy.

SCARABAEUS SACER: cxfcutellatns clypco {ex dentato thorace inermi crenulato, tibiis poflicis ciliatis,
clytris laevibus. Limz. 53/}. AIM.
Ftll}. Em‘. SM. 1. p. 62. 205.

 

Scarabaeus Sacer is a native of China, it is elfo found in other parts of the Eaft Indies, in Egypt, Bar-

bary, the Cape of Good Hope, and other countries of Africa, and throughout the fouth of Europe.

A few remains of ancient monuments, and fume fragments of hifioric information, preferred from an
carlypcriod of the world, afford certain and interelting details of this inconfiderable creature. Thofe
remains evince indeed but the firft dawning of natural and moral philofophy on the human mind, but,

' connected with the hifiory of the infeét before us, are too important to be puffed over in filence.

The Scarabreus was held in profound venerati-on by the people of Egypt. ’5 They regarded it as a vifiblc
deity; but a more refined fyt’tem of religious \vorfliip prevailed in their temples among the priefls and
(ages. 11 They deemed it only the fymbol of their god, and, afcribing both fexes to the Scarab, it became

a tlrilting emblem of a {elf-created and fupreme firft caufe. i

This infect was more efp’ecially the fymbol of their god Neith, k whofe attribute was power fupreme in
governing the works of creation, and whofe glory was incrcafed, rather than diminifhed, by the prefence of
a fuperior being, P/zt/m, the creator. The theological definition of the two powers being independent, yet
centering in one fpirit, is implied by the figurative union of two fexes in the Scarab. In the latter fenfe it

fignified therefore but one omnipotent power. The Scarab, typifying Neith, was carved or painted on a

g The fpecies worfhipped by the Egyptians is precifely noted by Linnaeus. Scaraizmusflxcer: and alto by Olivier. Scarabe’jimrc’.
“ Cet infeéte étoit autrefois en veneration en Egypt." Oli-v.
" Efcllenbnrll, jablmgflzi, Sammy, 5930.
i “ The father, mother, male and female art thou.” Syng/Eur. Hymn. Plzt/m.—“ The Egyptian {pirit Plrflm gave chaos form,
and then created all things.” 757/11111'571113 ale IlrIJ/ierz'is, fefz‘. 8.

k A711,}. The difpofer of all things, &c. jablan/ki. “ Sais," of the Delta, “ the capital of its diftriét, is a confiderable
city, of which Amafis was king. .Nei/fi, the Minerva of the Greeks, is the titular divinity.” Plate in 77mm.-—“ 0n the door
of the temple of With was engraved in hieroglyphics, ‘lam what is, what was, what {hall be; mortal has never raifed
my veil; the fun is the fruit of my womb." Praclu: Commentary on ”I: Timqu qf Plalo, &c.—Thefe patfages demonttrate Keith

and l’htha to be two attributes of one fpirit. The third attribute is Cneph, or divine goodnet's. Sway.

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

COLEOPTERA.

ring, and worn by the foldiet‘s, as a token of homage to that power who difpofed of the fate of battles; 1 and

feulptured on afironomical tables, or On columns, m it exlireifed the divine wifdom which regulates the uni—

verfe and enlightens man.

1 Authors quote a doubtful pafl'age in Ht-rapollo Hieroglyph. lib. 1. to fupport this opinion. That {rich rings were worn by the
ancient Egyptians is beyond conjcéture, many remains of them, and fome very perfect, have been found in the t‘ubterranean
caverns and i'epulehres in the Plain of Mummies near Saecara and Giza. Thofe which we have examined, are remarkable for

the convexity, or full relieva of the figure fculptured on them, in fome it is of the natural fize of the infect, but generally fmaller;

the (tone, cornelian, without a rim, and turning on a fwivel ring of gold.

"1 Linnaeus fays the Scaraboeus facet is fculptured on the antique Egyptian columns in Rome. “ Hie in columnis antiquis
Romae cxfculptus ab [‘Egyptiis.” Syfl. Nizl. Does Linnaeus allude to any remains of thofe coloflhl obelitks, which Auguflus tranl‘.
ported to Rome when he fubjugated Egypt, or others of more recent date? It would increalc the interefl of our enquiries, to
learn, that the Scarabzens was among the hieroglyphics, on the two very ancient obelifks, Carried from llcliopolis, the city of
the Sun.

The indefinite and vifionary interpretations, impofed on mott Egyptian hieroglyphics through a long {eries of ages, will
barely fupport a few conjectures on their original fignification. Thoi'e which related to local incidents, hitlory, or the arts, are
veiled in profound obfeurity. The phaenomena of nature, and aftronomical calculations, infcribed in thofe characters, are fcarccly
better underflood, though the knowledge of thofc feiences have been in part handed down to us from the learned Egyptians in
remote ages. We are informed by ancient writers, that the Scarabaeus engraved on the aftronomical tables of thcfe people,
implied the divine VVifdom which governed the motion and order of the celef‘tial bodies; that thofe tables were huge and maffy
flones, or columns of granite,with the characters and figures, large, and highly embofi‘ed; in fl'iort, fuch as were i'uppofed capa-
ble of long retifianee to the corroding hand. of time. Amongr thofe the Scarab was probably the moft confpicuous, its fize
gigantic, and the figure frequently repeated; for this we have obi'erved, even on {mall Egyptian antiques.

Various valuable remains of tablets, with figures of the Smrrzhzcyr/irccr, are preferved in the Britifh Mufeum and other col-
leétions of antiquities in this country. Thofe we have examined are of various det'criptions, fame {mailer than the infect itt'elr",
others of a monttrous fize. The {tones on which they are (eulptured generally gram nap/Arm‘s or junk/72w, or a kind of biz/Eh”,
and black marble; the figure [ml/j; I'B/ic'va, on a tablet or (lab, but oftener in relim'o, with the prominent Characters of the infcé‘t
very accurately defined, particularly the fix dentations of the clypeo, and thofe of the tibiae. The revcrt‘c of the cmbo‘fl‘cd fidc
is flat and fmooth, and abounds in characters altogether unknown, though, from the number of religious objects of worthlp
oceafionally interfperfed, we may prefutne they contain an ample (tore of the ancient facerdotal language: the mod remarkable
were the fearab, the fceptre and eye,a the human figure with a dog’s head,” the hawk,C and the lbis,<l or facred bird. On the
thorax of one fine fpecimen we remarked four elegant figures. One of them is holding a. car/11mph in the left hand, and a
branch in the right: this is perhaps a fubordinate deity of the Nile, that river having been once found depiflured on an an.
tique Alexandrian coin, like an aged man, holding the cornucopia, and a branch of the Papyrus; denoting its abundance and
produce.

The digrcflion on the mythological hiftory of this infe€t may be eonfidcred by fome as a tedious deviation from the puri'uit
of the naturalift; with others we trufl: it will be more favourably received; for it proves to the unprejudieed mind how deeply
the hiftory of nature, and in the prefcnt infiance the feience of Entomology, involves a molt important enquiry into the firtt

philofophical opinions of the human race. The means, however trifling, mutt not be contemned, which illumine the molt

fublime of all human refearches,—T/1e Study :erw/lind.

 

a f tit, or the (an. b 11min}. c Ilavw, a (anions dc ties dedicated, called by the Cracks the cities of Ap’lg.
mics ofthct'e birds are found in urns, in the l'ubterranean ga \,| c-s called the well of birds near Slocum, {appol'cd (10!“ the fire to be the 1.:

    

 
 

 

 

 

COLEOPTERA.

‘fl—
SCARABJEUS LEEI.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Without fcutellum. Obfcure copper colour. Under fide black. Shield of the head margined.

SCARABIEUS LEEI: exfcutellatus obtbure cupreus fubtus niger, Clypeo emarginato.
Fab. E722. 51/11. 65. 215.

 

 

SCARABAEUS CINCTUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Without fcutellum. Unarmed, black. Margin of the .elytra pale. Shield of the head margined.

SCARAEEUS CINCTUS: exfcutellatus muticus niger elytrorum margine pallido; clypeo emarginato.
Fab. E721. Sjfl. I. 69. 231.

 

 

CETONIA CHINENSIS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shining green and gold colour. Shield of the head margined, with two fpines. Poflerior part of the
thorax lobed. VVing—cafes terminate in an acute t‘pine.
CETONIA CHINENSIS: aenea clypeo emarginato fuhfpinofo, thorace poftice lobato, elytris acuminatis.
Fab. Em. Syfl. 1. p. 2. 126. 6.

 

This, and the next fpecies, are defcribed by Fahricius, in the two new genera, Cetonia and Mclolontha.

They are Scarabaei of the Linnaean fyflem. Cetonia Chinenfis is a fine and very rare infeét.

 

 

MELOLONTHA VIRIDIS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Above green. Beneath golden colour, or bronze.
MELOLONTHA VIRIDIS: glubra fupra vilidis fubtus auren. Falv. Em. Srfl. l. p. 2. 160. 23.
051/. 17g]: 10:5. 21. fig. 6. tab. 3. 18.

 

This fpecimen nearly correfponds with one of the Melolontlm viridis figured by Olivier, which came

from the Cape of Good Hope: our infeét is undoubtedly from China.

 

 

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COLEOPTERA.

CURCULIO C‘HINENSIS.

  
     

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae club-fhaped, and inferted in a horny probol’cis or fnout.

  
 

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

   

Beak long. Thighs dentated. Body covered with yellowilh powder, except a {tripe of black on the (ides

of the thorax and wing Cafes: 2! fpine on each fide of the beak, at the apex.

     
 

CURCULIO CHINENSISZ longiroftris, femoribus dentatis 3, Cor-pore polline flavefcente obtcflo, lateribu»

   

nigrisJ rofiro ulrinque fpinofo.

  
 

This infeét feems nearly allied to Curculz'a mucorcm, an Indian fpecies, defcribed by Linnaeus, but not

figured by any author: the lateral stripe of black; and the denticulations on the potterior thighs of our
mong the Curculianc: defcribed fince by

 
  
  
   
   
  
 
 
 
   

infeét clearly removes it, however, from the Linnaean fpecies. A
Fahricius, we have not difcovered any with which our fpecies can be confounded; and deeming it a non-
defcript, we name it fpecifically C/zinmfix; a name, perhaps, too local, but exprelfive of the native place of
and not applied by Fabricius, in his laf’t work, to any infeét of the fame genus, though that

, in the defcriptions of more than four hundred of its

 

our fpecimen 5
‘ author has exhaufied almoft every applicable name

fpecies.

The only fpecimen of this curious infeét we have feen, is in the poffeflion of Mr. Drury of London, from

whofe extenfive colleétion we have been liberally permitted to copy, and defcribe, fuch Infeéts as we con-

fidered worthy of noticing in this work.

a Except the lateral black flripes, and the roftrum, Curculio Chinenfis is totally covered with a bright brown powder, or
rather, with very minute hairs which adhere but (lightly, and refemble that fubftancc. We vbferve a fimilar farinaceous ap—

pearance on the Curmliams, Lafieus, Niveur, &c. and efpecially on that gigantic beetle Scarabrtm ELI/Wu.
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COLEOPTERA

CURCULIO LONGIPES

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

General colour blackifh brown. VVing-cafes ferruginous. Beak long, margincd with {mall irregular

tubercles on each fide, and at the apex. Anterior legs longef’c.

CURCULIO LoNGrPEs: longirofiris nigricans elytris ferrugineis, roflro emarginato, pedibus anticis longi-
oribus. Fall. Em‘. Sjfl. ]. p. 2. 395. 4.
Oliw. fig. 19].

 

All the fpecimens of this Curculz'o that have come under our infpeétion, are natives of China. Fabricius

fays it is from the Cape of Good Hope 5.

 

 

CURCULIO BARBIROSTRIS

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Entirely black. Beak long, and bearded. Three fpiues on the anterior {hank of the legs.

CURCULIO BARBIROSTRIS: longirofiris niger rofiro barbato, tibiis anticis tridentatis. Fab. Ent. SJ/Z. 1.
p.2.418.105.

Uncommonly fearce. F abricius refers for this infeél to the colleétion of Cramer. We have only feen

the fpecimen from which our figure is taken.

b The inaccuracy of this remark of Fabricius will appear by comparing the deferiptions and fynonyms of Curculio longipes,
in his Specie: Iqfiafiarum, with the fame fpeeies in his .Erzramalagia Syflematz'ca. In the firfi he defcribes Curculio longipes, quotes
fig. 3. tab. 33. vol. 2. of Mr. Drury’s work, and gives its habitat, Cape of Good Hope. In his lafl work he gives the fame de—

fcription, changes the reference from Mr. Drury’s work to that of Olivier, fig. 191; but continues the other references, by which

the Chinefe {pecies is probably unintentionally left as a native of Africa.

 

 

 

 

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COLEOPTERA.

CURCULIO VERRUCOSUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Snont fliort, colour throughout black, with a faint bratTy glofs. VViug~cafes befet with {trice of elevated

points, and terminated at the apex in a fingle obtufe protuberance.

CURCULIO VERRUCOSUS: brevirofiris aeneo niger elevato punc‘tatus elytris pofiice verrucofis. Linn. Syfl.
Nat. 2. 618. 90.
F425. Em. Sjfl 1. 15.2. 478. 353.

 

This can be no other than Curculio verrucofus, though our fpecimen came from China, and that
noticed by Fabricius from the Cape of Good Hope. The three elevated firio: of warts on each of the wing
cafes, and the intermediate double row of impelled points, are decifive in our opinion of this fpecies.—

We have another that is mottled with clay colour, which is probably found in Africa.

 

 

CURCULIO SQUAMOSUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Probofcis fliort. Entirely covered with green fcales. ImpreITed lines on the thorax and probofcis.

CURCULIO SQUAMOSUS: brevirottris viridi fquamofus rof’tro thoraceque cannliculatis. Fab. Ent. Syfl. l.
1). 2. 452. 244.

 

A fmall, but fnperb fpecies, being totally covered with minute fcales of an oblong form, and refplen-
dent green colour, interfperfed with changeable {parks of gold and crimfon, in various refleétions of light.
This fcaly covering is not unlike that of Curculio argentatus found in England; but ofa brilliance fcarcely
inferior to the gem~like fpangles on the Curculio imperialis of Brazil.—Curculio fquamofus is reprefented
in its natural fize, in the annexed plate; and, in jufiice to an infeét of fuch uncommon beauty, an ad-
ditional plate is given, to exhibit its appearance in the opaque microfcope—It is extremely common in
China.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COLEOPTERA.

 

CURCULIO PULVERULENTUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Entirely greyifh. Head flat, and marked with longitudinal lines: an imprefl'ed canal down the middle.

CURCU L10 PULVERULENTUS: brevirofiris cinereus capite plano canaliculato. Fa5.Ent.Sy/l. LP. 2. 452. 243.

 

Like Curculia fquamofus this infeét is entirely black, when diveflcd of its fcaly covering. It has been

fuppofed a variety of C. fquamofus, but Fabricius confiders them as two fpecies, and we are of the fame
opinion.

 

CURCULIO PERLATUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Black. Abdomen white, with elevated fllining black fpots. Beak {hort and furrowed.

CURCULIO PERLATUS: brevirofiris niger abdomine albo: punétis elevatis glabris atris, rofiro fulcato.

Fab. E721. Syfl. ]. I" 2. 459. 271.

 

Neither this nor the two preceding fpecies have been figured in any work. \Ve have given a figure of
the under fide of this infeét, to illufirate the fpecific charaé‘ter given by Fabricius.

 
 

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CERAMBYX FARINOSUS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Articulations of the antennae gradually decreafe in file towards the end. Thorax fpined or gibbous.

Elytra narrow, and of equal length throughout.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
Thorax fpined. Shells (potted with a white farinaceous fubfiance. Antennm longer than the body.

CERAMBYX FARINOSUS. Linn. Sy/i. Nat. 2. 626. 24.
Fab. Spec. Inf 1. p. 214. 25.

Stenocorus Farinofus: thorace fpinofa piceus elytris puné‘tis {parfis farinofis, antennis longis.
Fab. Em. Syfl. 1.. 295. 11.

CERAMBYX CHINENSIS. Forfl. N. Sp. Cent. 1. 39.
Oli-v. Inf 66. tab. 7. fig. 46.

 

Among fome Chinefe drawings of the late Mr. Bradfhaw, we obferved one on which the metamorphofis
of this Cerambyx feemed to be delineated. The larva was partly concealed in the hollow of a piece of

decayed wood; it was of a Wllltlfl’l colour, with the head and tall black, as defcribed by Fabricius.

 

CERAMBYX RUBUS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Articulations of the antennae gradually decreafe in fize towards the end. Thorax fpined or gibbous.

Elytra narrow, and of equal length throughout.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Thorax fpined, bimaculated. Bafe of the (bells fiudded with {mall protuberances. Apex of the {hells

terminate in a lharp point.

 
 

 

 

 

COLEOPTERA.

CERAMBYX RUBUS. Linn. Sy/i. Nat. 2. 625. 2!.

LAMIA Rusus: thorace fpinofo bimaculato, elytris bafi fcabris apiceque mucronatis.
Fab. Em. Syfl. 2. 290. 89.
051/. by. 67. tab. 7. fig. 57.

 

This fpecies, we find, is not uncommon in China. It is the largefi of its genus that we are acquainted

with from that country.

 

 

CERAMBYX RETICULATOR.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Articulations of the antenna: gradually decreafe in fize towards the end. Thorax gibbous or fpined.

Elytra narrow, and of equal length throughout.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Thorax fpined. Thorax and {hells yellow brown; the firfl marked with longitudinal black fireaks,

the latter reticulated with the fame colour.

LAMIA RETICULATOR: thorace fpinofo nigra thorace elytrifque fnlvis, thorace nigro lineato, elytris
reticulatis. Fab. Ent. Syfl. 1. p. 2. 278. 44
01h). Inf 67. tab. 12. fig. 85.

 

Cerambyx reticulator is a very rare fpecies; we have never feen more than two fpecimens of it. It is
altogether a beautiful infect; but the fingular flrué’ture of the antennae deferves particular notice: it is
entirely brown except the firft articulation, which is black; the fecond has a large verticillated tuft of
black hair at the fummit; at the hate of this articulation it has another tuft, but fmaller; and a fimilar
tuft, but fiill fmaller, is fituated on the third and fourth articulations.

 
 

 

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COLEOPTERA.

BUPRESTIS VITTATA.

GOLDEN-STRIPE BUPRESTIS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae fetaceous, as long as the thorax. Head half retraéted, or drawn back within the thorax.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Elytra impretfed with points or fpots: marked with four longitudinal ridges, and terminated in two teeth

or fpines; a ribbonJike firipe of golden yellow, down each elytron.

BUPRESTIS VITTATA: elytris bidentatis punétatis: lineis quatnor elevatis viridi aeneis vittaque lata aurea.
Fab. Em. Syfl. 1. P- 2. 186. 5.
Buprefie Bande-dorée. Oliv. Inf. 32. tab. 3. fig. 17.

 

The Bupreflides form an extenfive. and melt brilliant tribe of coleopterous infeéts. Brafil and New
Holland produce fome gigantic fpecies, but none more beautiful than thofe of India. We need adduce
no other proof of this, than Bupreftis chryfis, fiernicorus, attenuata, ocellata, and vittata. Thefe wrought
into various devices, and trinkets, decorate the dreffes X of the natives in many parts of India. The
Bupreftis vittata in particular, is much admired among them. It is, we believe, entirely peculiar to China,
where it is found in vaft abundance, and diftributed from thence at a low price among the other Indians.
The Chinefe, who always profit by the curiofity of Europeans, collect vai’c quantities of this Buprefiis,

and other gay infeéts, in the interior of the country, and traffic with them.

A contiderable error feems to have arifen concerning this fpecies, and the true Buprefiis ignita of Line
naeus. All authors, except Fabricius and Olivier, have confidered the Buprefiis vittata, and ignita, the fame.
Fabricius, in his Specie: In/eflomm, refers to Muf. Dam. Bank only, for the Buprefiis vittata ; and to the
14th figure, plate 6, in Sulzer's work, for a figure of Buprefiis ignita. In the Entomologia Syflematim we
however find the fame reference to the figure of Su/zer, for B. vittata ”; and, to increafe the perplexity,

precifely the fame reference under that of B. ignita 1 alfo.

X A pair of flippers embroidered with little pieces of the wing cafes of this infeét is prcfcrved in the chcrian Mufeum

Y Vol. I. part 2.. p.186. 5.

7' Vol.1. part 7.. 9.192, 28.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COLEOPTERA.

The Buprefiis ignita of Linnaeus, we imagined, was unknown in the cabinets of the curious in this
country, till we difcovered an infect nearly correfponding in character with it, in the c0116€tion of Mr. Drury,
and which we prefume is the B, ignita, or at leaft a variety of it. It has not the brilliance of colours that
fo eminently diflinguiflies B. vittata, but in form and fize it agrees with it. The only figure of that fpecies
is given by Olivier, from a fpecimen formerly in the cabinet of Gigot d‘Orcy, of Paris. We have exa-
mined the {pecimen in the cabinet of Sir J. Banks, referred to by Fabricius as B. vittata, and find the figure

in Sulzer is of that fpecies, as well as the fpecimen we have reprefented.

Fabricius has given as a part of the fpecific difiinfiion of thefe infeéts, that B. ignita has first: fling: at
the end of each wing cafe, or elytron. and B. vittata no more than two. This may form a fufl‘icient cha-
raéteritlic in thofe fpecies; but we mutt remark, that it is not f0 in Bupreftis ocellata. We have two fpeci-
mens that have two fpines at the end of each elytron, and another with three, as Fabricius has defcribed it.
We alfo find feveral infeéts nearly allied to B. vittata, the {tripe of gold on each fide excepted; one of

thefe has fix teeth, another four teeth, and a third only two.

The Buprefiides are fuppofed, for the mofi part, to undergo their transformations in the water, or

marfhy ground.

Carma Indica.——Indian flowering Reed.

This plant is common in China, and is found alfo in molt other parts ofAfia, Africa, and America. In
our climate it requires to be placed in the flove, where it produces an abundant fucccflion of flowers
throughout the fummer. It bears a berry which is perfeétly hard and round, of a black colour, and highly
polifhed. It is called Indian Shot.

 
COLEOPTERA.

BUPRESTIS OCELLATA.

OCELLATED BUPRESTIS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Shining green. Elytra terminate in three points: a large round yellow fpot in the middle of each elytron,

and two golden-red fpots, one above and the other below it.

BUPRESTIS OCELLATA viridi nitens elytris tridentntis: macnlis duabus aureis ocellarique flava. Fall. Em.
81/2. 4. 13.2193. 30.
De Gm 17¢ 7. 633. 30. tab. 47.fig. 12.
Buprefte Oculé. Oliv. Inf. 32. 1:15. 2. fig. 3.
Sulz. 11w. Inf. 1115. 6. fig. 15.

 

The Buprefiis ocellata is a native of China, and is very rare: {pecimens of it have been found in parcels
of the common fort. Olivier fays it is from C/IaIlr/ermzgurc in the Eaft Indies. Mr. Drury has an extra-
ordinary variety of this infeét from China, in which the two {pots unite at the future f0 as to form only

one large {pot on the back when the wing cafes are clofcdt

Thefe fpots on the wing cafes are flrikingly charaéterifiic of this fpecics; at leaft we have not ob-
ferved them in any other of the Buprefiis genus. They are ufuully iituated in the centre of each elytron;
are fomewhat pellucid, and in fine fpecimens are cream colour, furrounded with a crimfon circle. Thefe
{pots are fometimes brown; probably they become to after the infcé‘t (1165.

L

 
 

COLEOPTERA.

Our figures reprefent this infea with expanded wings; one of thofe is defigned to exhibit the beautiful
appearance of the under furface, particularly the effulgent abdomen and purple colour of the interior part
of the Ihells: this is feen hovering over the flower of the Camm Indica: the other reprefents the upper

 

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COLEOPTERA.

-TENEBRIO FEMORATUS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae like a firing of beads, extreme articulation roundifli. Thorax plano-convex, margined. Head
porreéted. Elytra rather Riff.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Greenifh copper colour. Thighs and thanks of the pofiel‘ior legs dentated.

SAGRA FEMORATA: viridi aenea femoribus tibiifque pofticis dentatis. Fab. Em. Sj/i. T. 1. 1:. 51, 55. 1.

 

This infeét may be referred to the Linuaean genus Tenebrio. It is defcribed by Fabricius in the Species
Infec‘lamm, in the new genus Alurnu: ; in the Entomologia Syjz‘ematica of the fame author, it is removed to
another new genus, Sngra, and its former fpecific name, femoratus, necefl‘arily altered to femorata. As
the charaéters of thefe Fabrician genera are taken from the palpi, maxilla, and labium, we prefer the
more obvious charaéters of the Linnaean genus.

The figures quoted by Fabricius differ, in fome refpeéts, from the Chinefe fpecimens. Sulzer repre-
fents it of a green colour, without a tinge of red purple, or copper colour, to predominant in every fpe—
Cimen we have feen. Our infects are of two kinds 2 one is of a glowing purple, refplendent as metal, and

changeable to green or yellow; the other is purple alfo, but not quite fo vivid, being tinged with green.

 

 

MELOE CICHOREI.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae moniliform: lafi joint oblong. Thorax roundifh. Elytra {oft and flexible. Head infleéted
and gibbous.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black, \Ving—Cafes yellow, with three tranfverfe black bands.

MELOE CICHOREI: nigra elytris flavis: fafciis tribus nigris. Linn. Syfl. Nat. 2. 680. 5.
Mylabris Cichorei. Fab. Em. Syfl. T. 1. p. 2. 88. 2.

 

This infeét is very common in China, and fome other parts of the Eaft Indies. The fmall fpecimen is

2

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COLEOPTERA.

rare, but is, probably, only a variety of the other fort. According to Olivier, the Meloc cichorei is ufed
by the Chinefe in their medical preparations infiead of the Cantharis veficatorius of the Europeans, and is
{uppofed to be more efficacious itr certain cafes, The fame author quotes a pafl‘age in Diofiaria’e IVIat. filed.

Lifi. 2. to prove that it is alfo the Cantharides of the ancients i.

i “ Les Cantharides des anciens et celle des Chinois ne font pas les memes que celles des Européens. Les Chinois employ-
ient 1e Mylabre de la Chicorée, &c. &c.”—“ The Cantharides of the ancients, and thofe of the Chinefe, are not the fame as
ours. The Chinefe employ the Mylabre tie la Cit/lard, and it appears from Diafmrizle Mat. Med. Lib. 2. Cap. 65, the ancient
Cantharides were the fame as thofe now ufed by the Chinefe.” “ The moft efficacious fort of Cantharides,” fays Diofcoride,
“ are of many colours, having yellow tranfverfe bands; the body oblong, big, and fat; thofe of only one colour are without
firength." The defcription Diofcoride has given, does not agree with our fpeeies of Cantharides, as they are of a fine green
colour, but is more applicable to the Mirth: d: In Cichurei, which is very common in the country where Diofcoride lived.
Olivia’s Enfamnlagie, w Hifl. Nat. dz: Inflfler, Val. I. hired.

The Cantharides of the ancients, are by no means to be confounded with thofe of medical writers in the lafl century. By
the term Cantharides, in an European Pharzmcopeia, we underfland the Meloe veficatorius * of Linnaeus, an infect whofe
medicinal propertiesare very generally known 1-. The Cantharides of the ancients can fcarcely be afcertained; it was a
term indifcriminately applied to feveral kinds of infeéts, and ”too often without regard to their phyfical Virtues. Pliny {peaks of
the Cantharis as a. fmall beetle that cats and confumes corn; and of another that breeds in the tops of afhes and wild olives,
and {hines like gold. The ancients were certainly well acquainted with our common fort, though it is confounded with others
in a general appellation 1. Hippacmm, Galen, Plin v, Matthiolus, and other phyfical writers of antiquity, treat of the medicinal

ufes of Cantharides; but it is not clear that they alluded to only one {pecies 5.

’* Geofl‘roy calls this a Cantharis. The Linnaan Cantharis is a diftinét genust

1~ Applied externally to raife blifters. It is a violent poifon taken inwardly, except in {mall portions.

1 The common sort has been called Mufm Hgflmnim by fome Latin authors, and hence Spanirh fly by Boyle.

§ Olivier endeavours to prove that the Mylabris Cichorei is the ancient Cantharides; the authority of his opinion is cre—
dible, and the inference natural, if not conclufive. But if it were in ufe, fo alfo might the common fort, for Diofcoride,
whom he quotes, mentions thofe of only one colour alfo. The ancients often confounded the term Scarabaeus with
Cantharis ; but whether beeaufe they knew that the common kinds of Scarabmi produce the fame effects as the Cantharis, is
uncertain.—-—The Scaraluz‘us auralur, and Melalamlm, feveral Catchy/Ix, Cimm nigro-Iinealur, €92. 59’s. have a place in the Maferia
Media: as Carztharides.

 

 

 

 
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HEMI‘PTERA.

MANTIS OCULATA.

CORNUTED-EYE CAMEL CRICKET.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Head flightly attached to the thorax, unfieady: the mouth armed withjaws and palpi. Antennae fetaceous.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Thorax filiform, or like a thread, triangular. Eyes oblong, prominent, and terminated each in a

{harp fpine.

MANTIS OCULATA thorace triangulo filiformi, oculis ohlongis porrcétis acuminato fpinofis. Fall. Em. Syfl.
T. 2. 19. 26.
Mantis bicornis thorace laevi, capite bipartito fubnlato. Linn. bjfl. Nat. 2. 691. ll.

 

Two figures of the Mantis, very much refernbling our fpecies, is given in the work of Stoll on Chad-t,
(9'6. one kind he calls La Mame Efroimzzml comm, the other La [Wants C/Iimifl: Etraitex cornue. The firfi is

from the coafi of Coromandtgl and Tranquebar, the other, as its name implies, is a Chinefe infeét. We

. cannot difcover any material difference between thefe figures and our fpecimen, and are inclined to confider

them altogether as one fpecies.

Few of the Cicada: and Low/id: deforibed by Fabricius, in his Sperm Infiflorum, have any reference to
figures, hecaufe a very {mall number of them had been figured till Stoll publithed his work on tllofe genera.
Stoll has oecafion to mention with regret, that Fabricius has fcarcely noticed any of his plates. It is a
confiderable difadvantage to the works of that author, as well as to the naturalift that Confults them, that

no foientifio names, or definitions, are given to the figures of many rare infeéts included amongfi them.

. The Mantis Oculata of Fabricius is an African infeét, and was defcribed from the colleétion of the

Right Hon. Sir J. Banks, Bart. we have compared our Chinefe fpecimen with it, and find it is precifely the
fame fpecies.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

~+—

MANTIS FLABELLICORNIS.
FAN-HORNED CAMEL CRICKET.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

A broad membrane on each fide of the thorax, next the head. Anterior thighs terminate in a fpine, the
fecond joint befet with fpines, and furnithed with a lobe on one fide. Antennae peétinated.

MANTIS FLABELLICORNIS: thorace apice dilato membranaceo, femorihus anticis fpina terminatis reliquis
10b0, antennis peé‘tinatis. Fab. Ent. SM. 2. p. 16. ff. 16.

 

 

This Mantis is defcribed by Fabricius only. Stoll has given the figure of an infect not unlike it in his
publication; and we have feen a fpecimen fimilar to it, which was found by Profefibr Pallas near the Cafpian
fea. It is allied to Mantis Gongyloides, a native of Africa and Afia, but bears a clofer affinity to Mantis

Pauperata a from Java, Molucca, and perhaps other iflands in the Indian fea.

Fabricius enumerates fifty-one fpecies of this genus in his latt fyflem; a confiderable portion of thefe
are from Afia: had be included the lately difcovered kinds in America and New Holland, his genus would
have been far more comprehenfive. Few naturalifls have had the opportunity of obferving the manners of
thefe creatures in difiant countries; nor can we always rely on the information thofe few have given. Of
the European fpecies we can {peak with more precifion, becaufe fome indefatigable naturalifis have at-
tended minutely to them; Roefel in particular has treated at confidernble length on the manners of the ‘

AMantis Religiofa of Linnaeus.

Defcriptions can only convey an imperfeét idea of the. extraordinary appearance of many creatures in~
cluded in the Mantis and Locufia genera. Among them are found fpecies that bear a fimilitude to the ufual
”forms of other infects ; but, from thefe we almofl imperceptibly defcend to others, bearing as (hang a flmi-
litude to the vegetable part of creation; feeming as if Nature defigned them to unite the appearance of’a
‘vegetable with the vital funétions of an animal, to preferve them from the ravages of voracious creatures,

'or to connect that chain of progrefiive and univerfal being, which
“ The great directing MIND of ALL ordains."
Many of thefe creatures affume f0 exactly the appearance of the leaves of different trees, that they fur-

a Figured by Stoll under the name of La Mmfe Gouttm e Brunt ?

 

 

 

 
HEMIPTERA.

nith the entomologitt with unerring fpecific dittine‘tions; thus we have L. (info/id, laury’olx'iz, myrtifi/ia,
aleg’alia, graminifilia, and others, equally exprefiive of their refemblance in form, and colours, to the
leaves of thofe refpeétive plants. Travellers in countries that produce thefe creatures, have been {truck
with the phaenomenon, as it mutt appear, of animated vegetable fubftances; for the. manners of the Mantis,
in addition to its firuéture, are very likely to impofe on the fenfes of the uninformed. They often remain
on the trees for hours without motion, then fuddenly fpring into the air, and, when they fettle, again
appear lifelefs. Thefe are only flratagems to deceive the more cautious infefis which it feeds upon; but
fome travellers who have obferved it, have declared they faw the leaves of thofe trees become living crea-

tures, and take flight.

M. Merian informs us of a fimilar opinion among the Indians, who believed thefe infeéts grew like
leaves on the trees, and when they were mature, loofened themfelves and crawled, or flew, away. From
the credulous, and unfcientific, marvellous reports of fuch extraordinary creatures may be expected ; but,
to thefe we mutt add the authority of a naturalif’t, whofe works are a valuable addition to our prefent

knowledge of the hifiory of nature: thefe are the works of Pifo 1’.

“ Thofe little animals," fays that author, “ change into a green and tender plant, which is of two hands
breadth. The feet are fixed into the ground firtt; from thefe, when neceflary humidity is attracted, roots
grow out, and {trike into the ground; thus they change by degrees, and in a {hort time become a
perfect plant. Sometimes only the lower part takes the nature and form of a plant, while the upper part
remains as before, living and moveable: after fome time the animal is gradually converted into a plant.

In this Nature feems to operate in a circle, by a continual retrograde motion."

Has the father of inventive romance outdone this account of Pifo in his well-known extravagant

poetical etfufions C? It may be imagined he has not; but before we difmifs his account with a batty

b Gulielmi I’ifoniy, Avg/hr]. 1657.

‘ Luna quatcr junétis implérat cornibus orbem, 8m. Ovrnn Metamorph.———-Sarnre: Pha‘e'Montit in Arbour.

Four times, revolving, the full moon return’d,
So long the mother and the daughters mourn’d;
When new the Chiefs, Pha'éthuiia, (trove

To reft her weary limbs, but could not move;
Lampetia would have help’d her, but {he found
Hcrfelf withheld, and rooted to the ground:

A third in wild afl‘liétioll, as ihe grieves,

Would rend her hair, but fills her hands with leaves:

One fees her thighs transform’d, another views
Her arms [hot out, and branching into boughs.
And now their legs, and breads, and bodies, flood
Cruftcd with bark, and hardening into wood;

But {till above were female heads difplay‘d,

And months, that czll'd the mcthcr to thcir aid.

What could, alas! the weeping mother do?

From this to that with eager hafte {he flew,

And ltifs’d her fprouting daughters as they grew :
She tears the bark that to each body cleaves,

And from the verdant fingers {trips the leaves:
The blood came trickling where {he tore away
The leaves and bark: the maids were heard to fay,
“ Forbear, miftaken parent, oh, forbear!

A wounded daughter in each tree you tear :
Farewel for ever.” Here the bark increas'd,

Clos'd on their faces, and their words fupprefs‘d.

ADDIsoy‘s Turf I/mrtn/z’s o‘i/Zcr:

trimfarmtd into Tires.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

cenfure, let us attend to the opinion of a few authors, nearly contemporary with himfelf: we find thefe

colleéted in the criticifms of Roefel on that paffage.

‘From thefe it appears that the works of Pifo were much admired when firfi publifhed, but we rely
lefs implicitly on the information it contains, than his readers in the lait century. Roefel treats his account
with more than merited feverity; not becaufe he could contradiét the relation of Fife, but, becaufe he had
never obferved the fame circumflance attend the Wandering Leaf, or Mantis Oratoria, in Europe “. This
reafoning is neither f0 conclufive, or liberal, as we fliould cxpeét from Roefel; and more efpecially as he
afterwards defcribes even the flrfi fymptom of the transformation as related by Pifo. \Vhen he fpeaks
of the death of the European fpecies his words are, “ As their diffolution approaches, their green eyes
become brown, and they unavoidably lofe their fight: they remain a long while on the fame fpot, till at
lafi they fall quite exhaufied and powerlefs, as if afleep." What is this but fuhfiantiating part of the evi-
dence of Pifo, which he has laboured before to difcredit? As to the change after they remained long on
the ground, fuch as fending forth fibres, roots, and Items, from the body of the infeét, it is only afionifliing
fuch a well—informed naturaliit fliould have deemed it matter of furprife. Could he be ignorant of the
many inflances that occur, of animal fubftances producing plants E P or was he not informed that the pupa
which Commonly fends forth a bee, a wafp, or cicada, has fometimes become the nidus of a plant, thrown
up Items from the fore part of the head, and changed in every refpeEt into a vegetable, though fiill re-
taining the {hell and exterior appearance of the parent infect at the root f? We own at firit light with
Roefel that the account of Pifo feems “ an inattentive and confounded obfervation," but that an infeét
may firike root into the earth, and, from the Ctr—operation of heat, and moiflure, congenial to vegetation,
produce a plant of the CUP/ogamia kind, cannot be difputed. We have feen fpecies of clawaria both of the
undivided and branched kinds, four times larger than the infect from which they fprang; and can we then
deny that the infect mentioned by Pifo might not produce a plant of a proportionate magnitude? In ihort,
are we f0 well acquainted with the productions of Brafil as to contradiét any of his affertions, concerning

this transformation? Pifo does not fay of what kind this vegetable was, it mufi furely be of the fungi

We quote this part of the poem at length; for as we perufe it, every fncceffive line bears a fironger fimilitude to the wonderful transformation
of the Mantis as related by Pi a; we might be aimed tempted to condemn the defcription of the naturalift as a fervile copy of Ovid's

vcrfes, if the firnilar transformation of other infeéts above noticed, had not occurred to the knowledge of every entomologiit.

‘5 Among the annotations on the lad edition of Rncfel’s bfefim Ballzyiigung we find one relating to this part of the works of Pifo.
“ Dtrfczl Hrr gzhn'm: Rat}: Tre-w, 8m. Counf. Trew aifures Mr. Roefel that Fifi not only very often gave out the credible ohfervations
of others, as his own, but himfelf believed the molt incredible relations, and pretended to be an eye witnefs thereof.” We quote this in

jnllice to the remarks of Roefel. IVott in page 10, flair”! Dix: ”Endlc'nde Blot.
3 Such as Mucor crnflaceus, 34c.

T Specimens of thefe vegetated animals, are frequently brought from the Weft indies; we have one of the cicada from the pupa, as
well as others produced from wafps and bees in the perfeét or winged ltate. Mr. Drury has a beetle in the perfect date, from every part of
which, {mall {talks and fibres have fprouted forth; they are very different from the tufts of hair that are obferved on a few coleopteious

infeéts, fuch as the Buprefiis fafciculnris, of the Cape of Good Hope; they are certainly a vegetable produftion.

 
HEMIPTERA.

kind: reafoning then from analogy, it might be an unknown fpecies of clavaria with numerous 'and
fpreading branches; and, finally, the colour of his plant, on which authors lay much flrefs, might be

green, though a colour not to predominant in that tribe of vegetables as fome others.

The largeit and melt interet’ring of the Indian fpecies of Mantis is found in the ifle of Amboyna. Stoll
contradiéts the account of Renard g, who fays thefe creatures are fometimes thirteen inches in length; but
we have a fpecimen almoit of that fize. It is related by Renard, and others, that the larger kinds of hlantts
go in raft troops, crofs hills, rivers, and other obftacles that oppoie their march, when they are in queft of
food. If they fubfified entirely on vegetables, a troop of thefe voracious creatures would defolate the land
in their excurfions; but they prefer infects, and clear the earth of myriads that infef’t it: if thefe become
fcarce from their ravages, they fight and devour one another. \Vhen they attack the plants, they do
great mifchief. It is faid of fome Locufis and Mantes that the. plants they bite wither, and appear as if

feorched with fire: we have not heard of this peftilential property in any of the larger fpecies of Mantes.

Of the fmaller kinds, the Mantis Oratoria is the mofi widely diffufed, being found in Africa and Afia
as well as in all the warmer parts of Europe. Thefe creatures are efieemed facred by the vulgar in many
countries, from their devout or fupplicating potture. The Africans worfliip them; and their trivial names

in many European languages imply a fuperi’titious refpeél for them 11.

England produces no fpecies of this tribe The entomologifis in this country mutt confequently rely
on the accounts of thofe, who have obferved them in other parts of the world. We {hall feleét a few
remarks from Roefel‘s extenfive defcription of Mantis Oratoria and Gongyloides, becaufe, if we may pre—
fume from the analogy they bear in form to Mantis Flabellicornis, the hittory of one will Clearly elucidate

that of the other.

Roefel fays, fome of the Mantes are local in Germany; they are found chiefly in the vintages at Moedting
in Mama/id, where they are called {Vein/lands! i. The males die in Oétober, the females foon after 1‘. The
young brood are preferved in the egg flate, in a kind of oblong bag, of a thick fpongy fubftance; this bag
is imbricatcd on the outfide; it is fafiened lengthwife to the branch of fame plant 1. As the eggs ripen
they are protruded through the thick fubfiance of the bag, and the larva, which are about half an inch
in length, burtt from them. Roefel, withing to obferve the gradual progrefs of thefe creatures, to the
winged fiate, placed the bag containing the eggs in a large glafs, which he clofed, to prevent their efcape.
From the time they were firft hatched they exhibited marks of a favage difpofition. He put different forts
of plants into the glafs, but they refufed them, to prey on one another: this determined him to fupply

them with other infects to eat: he put am‘: into the glafs to them, but they then betrayed as much cow-

g Poiffons des Molucques par M. Renard, Amfterl. 1754. h Louva Die: by the Portuguefe. Prcfque Dieu by the Fxcnch.
i Probably a provincial term for a dealer in wine. " Goetz, in his Bcytrage, obferves, that they live fomerimes ten years.
1 To that of the vine in Mantis Oratoria.
2

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

ardice, as they had barbarity before; for the intiant the Mantes faw the ants they tried to efcape in
every direction. By this Roefel found the ants were the greatefi perfecutors of the Mantes. He next
gave them fome of the common mufca (houfe flies), which they feized with cagernefs in their fore claws,
and tore in pieces: but, though thefe creatures feemed very fond of the flies, they continued to det’troy one
another through favage wantonnefs. Defpairing at 1219:, from their daily decreafe, of rearing any to the

winged fiate, he feparated them into {mall parcels in ditferent glatfes; but, here, as before, the [trongett

of each community deftroyed the rett.

Another time, he received feveral pair of Mantes in the winged fiate; profiting by his former obfer—
vation, he put each pair [a male and female] into a feparate glafs, but they {till fliewed figns of an eternal
enmity towards one another, which neither fex nor age could foften; for the infiant they were in fight
of each other, they threw up their heads, brandiflled their fore legs, and waited the attack: they did not
remain long in this pofture, for the boldefi throwing open its wings, with the velocity of lightning, ruthed
at the other, and often tore it in pieces with the crockets and {pines of the fore claws. Roefel compares
the attack of thefe creatures to that of two huffars; for they dexteroufly guard and cut with the edge of the
fore claws, as thofe foldiers do with their fabres, and fometimes at a firoke, one cleaves the other through,

or fevers its head from the thorax. After this the conqueror devours his vanquifhed antagonifi.

We learn from Roefel alfo, the manner in which this creature takes its prey, in which refpeft we find it
agrees with what is related of the extra European fpecies. The patience of this Mantis is remarkable, and
the pofiure to which fuperfiition has attributed devotion, is no other, than the means it ufes to catch it.
When it has fixed its eyes on an infect, it very rarely lofes fight of it, though it may coft fome hours to
take. If it fees the infect a little beyond its reach, over its head, it (lowly ereEts its long thorax, by means
of the moveable membranes that connect it to the body at the bafe; then, rettiug on the four pofrerior legs,
it gradually raifes the anterior pair alfo; if this brings it near enough to the infect, it throws open the lafi
joint, or crocket part, and {naps it between the fpines, that are fet in rows on the fecoud joint. If it is
unfuccefsful, it does not retract its arms, but holds them firetched out, and waits again till the infect is
within its reach, when it fprings up and feizes it. This is the uncommon poflure before alluded to.
Should the infect go far from the (pot, it flies, or crawls after it, flowly on the ground like a cat, and when
the infect (tops, ereéts itfclf as before. They have a final] black pupil or fight which moves in all directions
within the parts we ufually term the eyes, fo that it can fee its prey in any direction without having occafion

to ditiurb it, by turning its head.

The moft prevalent colour of this tribe of infects is fine green, but many of thefe fade or become brown
after the infect dies: fome are finely decorated with a variety of vivid hues; the mofi beautiful of thefe,

that we have feen, are from the Moluccas.

 
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HEAIIPTERA.

 

GRYLLUS NASUTUS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Head infleéted, armed with jaws, and furniflied with palpi. Antennae either fetaceous or filiform. Wings

wrapped round the body, and concealed under the elytra. Feet armed with two nails or crochets.

Acridce.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Head conic. Antennae enfiform, or fword fhaped. Body green.

GRYLLUS NASUTUS: capite conico, antennis enfiformibus, corpore viridi. Linn. Sy/i. Naif. 2. 692. 1.

 

This fpecies is found in Africa, Afia, and the fouth of Europe. Its varieties are numerous; and in fize
and colour depends on the climate they breed in. Sulzer reprefents it with red wings : in the Chinefe

fpecimens thefe are tinged with green.

 

GRYLLUS VITTATUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Head prominent, tefiaceous. A filver {tripe on each fide of the head and thorax, and along the pofierior

thighs.

TRUXALIS VITTATUS: capite prominulo tefiaceUS capite thorace femoribufqne poflicis vitta laterali
argentea. Fall. Syfl. Em. T. 2.1). 27. 3.

Gryllus vittatus has not been figured by any author. A fingle fpecimen of it has been recently brought
from China, and is in the potfelfion of Mr. Francillon.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

GRYLLUS GRYLLOTALPA.
MOLE CRICKET.

Achetaa.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings much longer than the elytra, and when folded, appear like tails. Anterior pair of feet palmated.

GRYLLUS GRYLLOTALPA: alis caudatis elytro longioribus, pedibus anticis palmatis.
Linn.Sj/i. Nat. 2. 693. 10.

 

This differs in no refpeét from the European fpecies of the fame name, except in fize and colour. The
Mole Cricket of this country, for example, being twice as large, and more of a moufe colour. Mr. Abbot

has fent us a variety fimilar to the Chinefe fort, but of a darker colour, from North America.

 

 

GRYLLUS ACUMINATUS.

Tettigoniw.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Thorax roundifh, emarginated. Vertex fubula ted, or awl fhaped. V‘Viugs greenifh, and of eq ual length.

GRYLLUS ACUMINATUS. Limz. Sy/l. Nat. 2. 696. 23.
Locuf’ca Acuminata: thorace rotundato utrinque emarginato, vertice fubulato, alis virefcentibus aequalibus.
Fab. Em. Syfl. T. 2. p. 39. Sf. 22.

 

Inhabits China and every other part of India.

 

 
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HEMIPTERA.

—-—-.-——

GRYLLUS PERSPICILLATUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Thorax deflexed. Wing cafes concave, green: 21 procefs at the bafe of each that fold one over the other;

the lower one tranfparent, or glafry: upper one coriaceous.

LOCUSTA PERSPICILL ATA : thorace deflexo, elytris concavis Viridibus: bafi ocello dorfali fenefirato.
_FaZJ. E721. Syfl. 2. f. 36. 10.

 

Fabricius erroneoufly defcribes this as a native of America. It is not figured elfewhere.

 

GRYLLUS FLAVICORNIS.

Locuslce.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Upper part of the thorax carinated or keeled, green, without fpots. Bafe of the Wings red. Pofterior
thighs red, with yellow teeth.

GRYLLUS FLAVICORNIS: thorace fubcarinato viridis elytris immaculatis, alis bafi rufis, tibiis pofiicis
fanguineis flavo ferratis. Fafi. Em. Syfl. T. 2.}3. 52. 23.
Defcribed by Fabricius; but not figured. It is abundant in China.

 

 

GRYLLUS MORBILLOSUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Thorax fquare, warted, bright red. Wing cafes fufoous, with white fpots. Wings red.

GRYLLUS MORBILLOSUS : thorace quadrato verrucofo rubro, elytris fufcis albo punétatis, alis rufis.
Linn. Syfl. Nut. 2. 700. 38.

 

The Gryllus morbillofus appears in the early addition of the syflema Namne, and the works of Roefel,
as an Indian fpecies : Mr. Drury affures us he has received it feveral times from China. Another fort is

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

alfo found at the Cape of Good Hope, which is rather larger and deeper in colour than the Chinetc
variety.
When this infeét is at reft, the wings are folded, and much of its beauty is concealed: but when thefe

are expanded, its appearance is altogether magnificent. It has nothing of the {hining and metallic fplen-

 

 

dour of the Coleopterae, for its colours are tranflucent, and affume their richefi hues when they pafs before
the light. The elytra are purple, Variegated with yellow: the wings of a glowing crimfon, fpotted with
black. The abdomen is furrounded with alternate zones of black and yellow, and the legs are throughout ,'
of an elegant fcarlet, inferior only in brightnefs to the coral red of the head and thorax. Upon the :
Whole, this fpecies is embellifhed with fuch a profufion of various and beautiful colours, that it may be
confidered as a mofl fplendid example of the Hemipterous order of infeéts. It is reprefented on the Iri:
C/zimvfl: in a flying petition.

This is not fuppofed to be a numerous fpecies in China; on the contrary, it is probably uncommon.
Several others of the locuf’c are abundant in that country, and in feafons favourable to their increafe, do
incredible mitcliiefk. Both the Gryllus tartaricus, and Gryllus migratorius, inhabit Tartary on the

northern confines of China, from whence, at certain periods, they defcend like an impetuous torrent over

 

the neighbouring countries in quefi of food, {trip the earth of verdure. and fcarcely leave the vefiige of
vegetation behind them. The Gryllus migratorius, whofe myriads are {aid to darken the face of heaven
in their flights, fometimes direét their courfe wefiward; crofs rivers, fea, and an immenfe extent of
country, till they reach Europe; and though many are 101’: in thefe bold migrations, the furvivors are in
fufficieut numbers to commit vat’t depredations. This fpecies has been known to vifit England 1, but not

in any abundance. In Little Tartary, and the European provinces of Turkey: in Italy, and in Ger-

 

many “, they do great mifchief in thcfe migrations. The Gryllus flavicornis and nafutus, are two other
abundant fpecies in China, and no doubt there are many other common kinds in that country we are at ' ‘r

prefent unacquainted with. The locufi is only detrimental when in immenfe numbers, for in China, as

   

in other eafiern countries, they are confidered as an article of food, and regularly expofed for fale in the

   

public markets ".

  
    

In fome feafons inundations, produced by torrents from the

   

1‘ “ Famines fometimes happen in this part of the province.

   

mountains, and as often the depredations of locufts are caufes of this difafter.” Vida Sir 5’ Stuunlan, Chap. on Tim-ring.

   

I The lafi appearance of this fpecies in England was in 1748. We have a {pecimen of it from Smyrna, Germany, and

   

China, and deem it too common and general an inhabitant to merit a figure as a Chinefe infeé‘t.

   

"1 Roefel {peaks of this locufi: infefting the provinces of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Tranfylvania, in fuch immenfe numbers,

   

in the years 1747, 1748, and 1749, that an Imptrial and Rqyal Hungarian tdz'c’l was ifl‘ued, with printed infiruétions for the bet’t

   

means of exterminating them. V ide DIV Heufchreflm-und Grillmfammlung, €92. €9’c. P721. IL page 193.
'1 Sir G. Staunton likewife {peaks of “ a large {pecies of Gryllus” that is kept in cages for amufement in China, and was

expofed for fale, with other infefls, in the {hops of Hai-ten. Neither the fpecies of this, or the locufls noticed in the preceding

    
   
 

chapter, are mentioned.

  
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HEMEPTERA.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
     

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HEMIPTERA.

"*—

FULGORA CANDELARIA.

CHINESE LANTERN-CARRIER.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

The forehead elongated. Antenna; below the eyes: confift of two articulations. The beak,

or rofirum, is bent inwards under the body.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Trunk curved upwards towards the end. Shells green with yellow marks. Wings yellow, black at

the tips.

FULGORA CANDELARIA: fronte rottrata adfcendente, elytris viridibus luteo maculatis, alis flavis apice nigris.
Linn. Syfl. N121. 2. 703. 3. F115. Em. Syfl. Z. 4. p. 2.fp. 4.
Der Flcinere Aflazifi/zc 0dr}? C/tim/z'fi/Ie Lamernen—Tmger. Reef Iii/i, 2.
Gryll. 189. ml). 30.
A5711 Helm. 1746. 63. ml). 1. fig. 5, 6.
De Gear Inf 3. 197. 2.
Edw. Av. tall. 120.
Sulz. In]: ML. 10. fig. 62.
De Gewapmdt Cicada. La Cigar/6 arméc. Sin/Z. Cicad.

The phenomenae refulting from the properties and effects of light, having engaged the attention of the
earliefi philofophers, we mutt conclude, that phofphorical appearances, and thofe efpecially of animated
bodies, could not fail to attract their particular notice. Indeed it is evident, from the writings of the ac-
curate obfervers of nature in remote ages, that they were acquainted with certain infects that have the
property of (hining in the night. Thefe were known only by general terms, expreffive of that property;
yet it is probable that fome of the Linnaean lampyrides, which are abundant in the fouth of Europe, as
well as in Afia, and fume parts of Africa, were the firfi of the illuminated infects known to them“. Some
of the males which are furuifhcd with wings, and are illuminated like the females, were firiking objefis of
natural hifiory, and could fcarcely have efcaped their notice. The Greeks included all fhining infet‘ts under
the name lampyris; and the Latins called then] cicindela, noétiluca, luciola, lucernata, 8ZC. \Vhether any
of the Fulgom: were known to the ancients is uncertain: probably they were not, the mofi remarkable
fpecies beingr peculiar to the warmett parts of America. Afia, once the feat of learning, does indeed pro-

duce a few fpscies; but we have no account of thefe in ancient natural hittory.

3‘ The lampyris of Plirgy is exprefsly the infeé’t with a (hiniug tail.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
    

HEMIPTERA.

The Fulgorae feem to have been entirely unknown in Europe till the latter end of the lafl century;
when two writers publiihed defcriptions and figures of Fulgora Lanternaria. Madame Merian, of Holland,
in her {plendid work on the Metamorphofis of the Infeéts of Surinam, and Dr. Grew, of London, in his
Rarities of Grelham College.

Reaumur b is the next author who defcribed the Fulgom Lanternaria, and after him Rocfel, in his
“ Amufing Hitlory (or recreation) of Infeéts C.” This brings us to the period in which Fulgora Camlclarz'a,
our Chinefe fpecies, was firfi known in Europe: a circumfiance of much importance to naturalitts at that
time, becaufe the firfi mentioned fpecies was a folitary example of its fingular genus. The tranfaétions of
the Stockholm academy includes the earliett figure and defcription of this extraordinary infect,- from thefe
Linnaeus defcribed it in his .Sj/flema Natumz; but his arrangement has undergone many alterations fince
that time. At firft he included it among the Coleopterous infects, then he called them Lanternariae; and
again, they were claffed with the Cicadae. Thefe have been fince corrected, and a new genus formed of
infects with elongated trunks on their foreheads exclufively, under the name Fulgora, a name that has been

adopted by later authors, and finally by Fabricius.

Roefel has given three figures and a defcription of the Fu/gom Canzlclaria; from his account we
learn that it was known in England before he was acquainted with it. On its peculiar qualities, he
obferves he mutt be entirely filent, becaufe he had been unable to derive any information concerning it;
his defcription is notwithttanding extremely prolix, and occupies four quarto pages; as he notices every
trifling particular of the fpots, colours, 8w. of the infect. We have {elected the moft interefling patihge,
becaufe it clearly marks the progreflive advancement of the knowledge of natural hiftory in Europe, fo

late as the middle of the prefent century.

“ According to my promife," fays Roefel d, “ I now produce the feeond fort of Lantern-carrier, which
I never faw before; and of which I have never read in any work on infects. The fcarcer however it may
be, the more I am indebted to Mr. Beurcr, apothecary of this place 8, Sac. for the permiflion he has granted
me to draw and enrich my colleétion with it. Mr. Collinfon has {ent it to him from London, under the
name Lanternaria Chinenfis, for which reafon I have called it the Afiatic or Chinefe Lantermcarrier."
Boefel being a refpeétable entomological writer of his time, we mutt infer that Fulgom CamIe/aria was
extremely fcarce in Europe when his plate and defcriptions were publithed. The commercial concerns of
Europeans with the Chinefe having greatly increafed fince that period, has facilitated many inquiries con-
cerning the natural prodttétions of China; and amongtt a variety of other infects that are now ufually
brought from that country, fpecimens of Fulgora Candelaria are not uncommon. In China few infects are

(found in greater abundance.

b Memoires pour fervir a l‘Hiltoire des Infeétes. X73§ .
‘ Infeétcn Beluftigung.
d Vcrt'prochener maffen liefere ich nunmchr die zwente Sorte des Lanternen —Tragers, 3x. Vol. I. pl. 50. Locufl, page 189.

B -Nurcnbc=g.

 
 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

The authors who have figured or defcribed the Chinefe Fulgora, fince Roefel, are De Geer 5, Seba 3,
Sulzer h, and our countryman Edwards 1. De Geer gives a very concife defcription, and no figure; and
Seba merely obferves, in his defcription of Fulgora Candelaria, “ La Chine produit une autre efpéce dn
rnv‘eme genre mais beaucoup plus petite et toute differente.“ Edwards has given a figure of it in one of the

plates in his work of Birds. His defcription is certainly uninterefting k.

Having noticed the feveral authors who have treated on this infect, we come to confider the peculiar
properties of its fingular genus; and among thefe we find the molt afionifhing that infects can poffefs,
that of emanating light: not merely a momentary {hining appearance, as is produced by many vifcous
fubflances, but a clear and confiant refemblance to the element, fire; and capable of diffufing light to fur—
rounding objects, though totally dettitute of every principle that can do mifchief. To the unphilofophical
mind it appears at firtt impoflible, and it cannot fail to attonilh the heft informed. Indeed, fome readers
might be inclined to doubt the veracity of travellers in foreign countries, who have fecn a vegetable1 or an
animal produce light, if our own country could not fupply us with abundant analogous proofs of fuch
phaenomenae. The pretence of this animated phofphorus, if we may f0 exprefs it, is obferved on feveral
infects that are natives of England: it is needlefs to enumerate them, becaufe the mod firiking example

mutt be recolleé’ted by every rural inhabitant, or admirer of poetical fimplicity.

—— “ On every hedge

 

“ The glow-worm lights his gem, and thro’ the dark

“ A moving radiance twinkles.” THOMSON.

The account which Madame Merian gave of the effect of the light produced by the Fulgara Lantcrmz-

rz'a'“ was greatly difcredited, though Dr. Grew had related fotne {ui'prifing particulars of a fpecimen of it

f De Geer. Hifloire des lnl’eEtes. I752.

z Seba. Thcl'nurus Naturae. 1765.
" Kenwzeichcn der Infeéten (Charqfterifiics of Infefis). 1761.

i Edwards‘s Birds, 4m. London, r743.
k “ I take it to be a kind of fire-fly, and that part on the head the lantern. The wings are all flat, and the upper ones hard and

fmooth, like thofe of the Beetle or Scarabmi kind, of which it is a fpecics.” Edwards.

1 An inflance of this occurs in the tenth of Eumpe. An account in the Philot'ophical Tranfaé'tions relates of the Diétamnus Albns

(Fraxinella), that “ in the {till evenings of dry featuns it emits an inflammable air, or gas, and flaihcs at the approach of a candle. There

are certain inflanccs of human creatures who have taken fire fpontaneoufly, and been totally confumed.”

11" The account which Madame Merian has given of the light of the Fav’gvm Lanternarz'a is {0 furprifing, that it will certainly prove

ac:eptable to many readers. It is indeed a digrcffion from the account of Fulgam szdelariu, but will tend to prove, that infects of this

genus emit a more vivid light than any of the illuminated kinds hitherto known.
” t'ays Madame Merian, ‘-' when the Indians brought me a number of thefe Lantern carriers, I put them into a wooden box,

“ Once,
and much frightened, I jumped out of

wi:hout being aware of their {hining at night; but one night, being awakened by an unufual noifc,

bed, and ordcrtd a light, not knowing whence this noit'e proceeded. We foon perceived that it originated in the box , we opened with fomc

inquictudc, but were (till more alarmed, aftcr opening it, and letting it Fall on the ground, for aflame appeared to ifTue from it, which

{ccmcd to receive additional luf’tre, as often as another infcé‘t flew out of it. When we obfervcd this form time, we recovered from our

terror, and admired the fplendout ofthefe little animals." DWH’. de gentrai‘iont t! maiarnorpllibu: Infiflnmm Surimrmegfis.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

from Peru ". Her account has, however, been generally believed, fince the miflionariesD in countries
which produce thofe infeé‘ts have confirmed her account. It is admitted, that the C/zimfe Fulgara has an
illuminated appearance in the night. “ The foreheads of many Fulgorae (efpecially thofe found in China)

emit a lively [hining light in the night time, which, according to fame authors, is fuflicient to read by."—
Ycatr P.

The light of the Fulgore‘e is generally imagined to it'l'ue from the trunk, or elongated projeétion of the
forehead; but Roefel offers a conjecture on the light of the Fulgora Lanternaria, which, on further invef—
tigation, may enable uaturalilts [0 determine whether the light is entirely produced by an innate property
of the trunk, or receives additional fplendour from fome external caufe. He notices a white farinaceous
fubfiance on feveral parts of the wings and body, as well as the trunk, which, he obferves, looks like the
decayed wood which fliines at night. We mention this conjecture of Roefel, though the fame occurred to
us before we perufed his obfervations. We have invariably found a fimilar white powder on other infects
of this genus, but ufually upon the trunk only. The remarks of Roefel were neceffarily very limited, two
fpecies of the Fulgorae only being then known. We pofl'efs twelve difiinét fpeeies, and have made diffeétions
and obfervations on feveral others; from all which we are inclined to imagine, that the white powder has

a phofphoric appearance in the living infect, and increafes the light, when the end of the trunk is illu-
minated.

One of the Fulgorm of confiderable magnitude, from the interior of India, enabled us to makemany
obfervntions. The trunk is of the fame form as that of the Fulgora Candy/aria. The colour is a dark
but beautiful purple: the apex fearlct, of a perfectly pellucid appearance, and flill retains a reddiflx
glare. The fpots of white, fprinkled on the purple colour of the trunk, exhibit alfo a flight appear.

ance of phofphoric matter. On the trunk of the Fulgora Candelaria thefe white {pots are very confpi—
cuous.

Though the generic name Fulgora {eems to imply fome efiulgent property in the infects that compofe
the genus, it is uncertain whether all pofrefs that property. They are indeed furnilhed with a trunk,

but it is fmaller in proportion, in feveral fpeeies, than in F. Lanternaria, Candelaria, Flammea, Phofpho-

7‘ Cucu'us Peruvianus.
.l

“ That which, befide the figure of the head, is molt wonderful in this infect, is the {hining property of the fame part, whereby it looks
in the night like a lantern, {0 that, two or three of thefe faltened to a flick, or otherwife conveniently difpofed of, will give {uflicient light
to thofe who travel or walk in the night” Grew. Ill/Join” Regali: Sncimztz'x, p. 158.

0 Le ver-luifzmt. Ceux que nous x‘oyons a la campagno dans les nuits d’été ne jettent qu‘une foible lueur: mais ils y en a dans les In-
des modernes qui répandent un (clat trEs-vif. Ce font, pour ainfi dire, des phol‘phores animez. “ Les Indiens, dit 1e favant auteur de la
Théologie des infetles, “ no to fervoieut autrefois darts leurs maifons, ct dehors d’aucune autrc lumiere. Lorfqu’ils marchent de nuit, ils en ar-
tachent deux aux gros doigts du pied, et 6n portent un a la main. Ces infeé’tes répandcnt une (i grande clairté, que par lcur moyen on peut
lire, écrire, et faire dans une clnmhre toutes les autrcs chofes nécelfaires.” Lfflér Lieu. 2. c. 3. ram. 8. Le trait rapporté par le P. on
Tnn'rruz dans {on Hyiaire ales Antilles, auroit hien dfi Etre cité il dit avoir 16 {on breviare a la clarté d’un de ces vers~luifans.

P Yeats. Inflitutions of Entomology.

 
 

1

1
l
r

HEMIPTERA.

rea. and tome others. It has not been determined whether any of the European Fulgorze thine in the
night time. The genus is very limited, including the difeoveries of modern naturalitts. Fabricins de-
fcribes only twenty~five fpecies; of thefe, feven are European, and eighteen extra-European. Two fpecies

are found in England.

Chryflmthemum I ndicum.—Indian Chgfanthemum.

This is a very lately introduced fpecies in England. It is mentioned by Sir G. Staunton among the plants
collected in the provinces of S/zmz—tung and Kiang—nmz, Thunberg deferibes it as a native of Japan in the
F/ora jizpmiczz. A variety of it is figured in the Hortm filalabarz’wr; and in the I‘Ierlzarz'miz Amboz'rzm a is
another. We obferve a great ditiimilarity between the figures of this plant in different works. That
figured in theHerb. A2225. has very finall flowers, fearcely broader than our large daily ‘1: the leaves in cluf—
ters, fome very large, and others fmall. In the H072”..7L[d](15. the flowers are twice the fize of the former,
and the leaves are placed much afunder. The flowers of our fpecimen are confiderably larger than either

of thefe, yet not of the magnitude l‘cprefented in the plate of Mr. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine.
his Chryfanthemum is not peculiar to China, though it has been long cultivated in that country. It
grows fpontaneoufly in fome parts of Japan; and from the name it bears in the Arabic, Perfic, and other

languages, is probably known in mofi parts of Afia.

'1 Clgr ant/1817mm Leupal/Ifiemum.
J’

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

 

CICADA SANGUINEA.

BED AND BLACK CHINESE FLEA-LOCUST.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rofirum bent under the breafi. Antennae fetaceous. Wings four, membranaceous, declining along
the tides of the body.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Dark brown. Abdomen fanguine red; two {pots of the fame colour on the thorax.

CICADA SANGUINEA alis fuperioribus fufcis, fronte abdomine thoracifque maculis binis fanguineis.
Dc Gear 17% 3. 221. 18. laé. 33.jig. 17.

TETTIGONIA SANGUINOLENTA nigra ore thoracis maculis duabus abdomineque fanguineis. F05. Spec. Inf.
2 321. 19. Em. Syj}. 4.1). 25. 32.

LA CIGALE CHOINOISE a taches rouge de fang. Szoll. Cicad. tab. 13. fig. 62.

 

Fabricius refers to the cabinet of Mr. Drury of London for a fpecimen of this rare infect. The authors
who have given figures of it are De Geer, a French entomologilt, and Stoll, in a work lately publifhed on
the continent, including Cimices and Cicada. The Cicada fanguinolenta of Linnaeus being common in
Europe, the fimilarity of names might create confufion, were we not to notice it. Our fpecies is a Cicada
of Stoll, as well as of De Geer, which latter author we have followed in the fpecific name. Fabricius

having feparated the Linnazan Cicadae into feveral genera, this fpecies will be found in his Entomologia:
Syttematica under the name Tetiigoniafimguimlmta.

 
THE UBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY {If ILUNmS

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
HEAIIPTERA.

 

CICADA ATRATA.

GREAT BLACK CHINESE FROG-HOPPER.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Black; wings white, black at the bafe; veins yellowith brown.

TETTIGONIA ATBATA: atra alis albis bafl nigris: venis tcfiaceo. Fab. Em. Sly/i. 4. 203. 28.

Though the obfervations that Sir G. Staunton has made on the natural production of China, in his late
publication, were necefl'arily very general, the fcience of infects appears to have engaged his particular
attention; and on that account we Inuit lament, that untoward events, precluded him from obfcrving more

minutely, the peculiarities of fame kinds, and the economical purpofes of others.

In the general hifiories of unknown countries, (and we can fcarcely confider China in any other view)
the entomologifi mutt expect to find his favourite fcience neglected, or treated in a manner more likely to
excite curiofity than reward enquiry. The work of this learned writer is an exception to our remark;
though a few inaccuracies occur in it. We perufe the following account of an unknown fpecies of Cicada
with particular regret, becaufe, it withholds information interefling to the naturalifi, and, from its air of

novelty, is likely to promote an erroneous opinion concerning that fingular tribe of infeéts.

“ The low and fometimes marfhy country, through which the river 3 parties, is favourable to the pro-
duction of infects; and many of them were troublefome, fome principally by their fling ; and others by their
conflant flunning noife. The mufic emitted by a [twist qf Cicada was not of the vocal kind; but produced
by the motion of two flaps or lamella: which cover the abdomen or belly of the infect. It is the fignal of
invitation from the male of (flat flwcie: to allure the female, which latter is quite unprovided with thefe

organs of courtlhip 11."
Again, when defcribing a town higher up the river, that author fays, “ The {hops of Hai-ticn, in addi-
tion to neceffaries, abounded in toys and trifles, calculated to amufe the rich and idle of both faxes, even to

cages containing infects, fuch as the new Cicada, and a large {pecies of the Gryllns C."

The reader may imagine from the firft account, that the mufic of every other fpecies of Cicada is of the

a Pei-ho. 5 Chap. 34 Vol. II. octave. ‘ Chap. 4. Vol. II.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

Vocal kind, or that it is peculiar to this Chinefe infeét to be furnifhed with lamellae that caufe a found.
The latter account confirms fuch conjeéture, by alluding in a fpecific manner to the mify Cicada, as to an
infect defcribed in a former part of the work. We mutt remark, that not only the males of the fpecies
mentioned by that author, are furnifhed with thofe lamellae, but the whole of that feétion of the Linnaean
Cicadao which Fabricius has called Tettiogonia 0‘. The males of the fpecies included in the other feétions
of that genus are certainly furniihed with them alfo; though fome of them are too minute to be obferved
without a glafs. Thefe lamellae vary in fize in different fpecies; but the accounts we have of them from
travellers in foreign countries, and naturalitts both ancient and modern, prove they all emit a certain found
to allure the female. As we are unable to afccrtain the Chinefe fpecies Sir George mentions, neither
figure or defcription accompanying his account of it, we mutt therefore, fpeak generally of the whole
genus, and then confine our remarks to thofe fpecies we are acquainted with from China. Among thefe
are C. fpcmlidula, fangzmzea, and atmta. The latter, we believe, is the largett fpecies of the Chinefe Ci—

cada: known in Europe,

‘ Some fpecies of this tribe were known to the ancients. With them it was the emblem of happinefs
and eternal youthe; and if we examine the legends of pagan mythology, we find they were deemed a
race of creatures beloved by gods ‘ and men. The Athenians wore golden Cicadas in their hair, to denote
their national antiquity; or that like thofe creatures they were the firfl born of the earth; and the poets
feigned that it partook of the perfection of their deities %. Anacreon depié‘tures in glowing colours the

uninterrupted felicity of this creature : his ode to the Cicada is appropriate to our enquiry b.

d This includes all the larger fpecies of Linnaean Cicadas, fuch as C. Omi, Tibicim, rtiiculata, Immutadrr, flridula, Ste. &c. for in fame
editions of the Syttema Naturae of Linnaeus we find Cicada Nafiilum’, which in later editions are the Fulgam‘, and alfo the C. cruciaht,

mannifem, fizumanm and dcy‘lexe’ included in one genus.

c Probably becaufe it was fuppofcd to live only a {hurt time. The renewal of youth is illuflratcd by the Rory of the Tithows

transformed by Aurora into a Cicada.
g Thefe pagan deities were without flcth or blood, and compofed of aerial and watery humours. Such they imagined the moitture of

the Cicada, and perhaps for that reafon firft afligned it a place amongntheir demi~gods.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘1 Happy creature! what below
Can more happy live than thou P
Seated on thy leafy throne,
(Summer weaves the verdant crown,)
Sipping o’er the pearly lawn
The fragrant ncétar of the dawn;
Little tales thou lov’it to ting,
Tales of mirth—an infeé‘t king:
Thine the treaiures of the field,
All thy own the feafons yield;
Nature paints for thee the year,
Songfler to the {hepherds dear :
Innocent, of placid fame,

What of man can boafi the fame P

Thine the lavithed voice of praife,
Harbinger of fruitful days;
Darling of the tuneful nine,
I’llaelm: is thy fire divine;
Pimebm to thy notes has giv’n
Mutic from the fpheres of hcav’n :

'Happy mail, as tiril of earth,

All thy hours are peace and mirth;

Cares nor pains to thee belong,

Thou alone art ever young;

Thine the pure immortal vein,

Blood nor fleth thy life fufiain;

Rich in fpirits—health thy feaft,

Thou‘rt a dcmi-god at lcalt. GREEN‘S Tran/I. 011': 4.3.

 
HEMIPTERA.

In the infant f’tate of mufic, men, feem to have preferred the natural founds of fome animals, to thofe
of their uncouth infiruments. We cannot otherwife account for the extravagant praife, bellowed on the
noife of this little creature. It is true, authors agree that the founds of fome kinds are exceeding loud and
harmonious, and in the early ages of the World thefe might have a powerful influence on the human
mind. It is related that the ancient Lauri, a people of Greece, were (0 charmed with the fang of the

Cicada, that they ereéted a flatue to its honour i.

The ancients had attentively obferved the manners of its life, though they indulged in many poetical
fictions concerning it; and particularly, when they affirmed that it fubfifted on dew. They have told us
that it lives among trees k, which circumflance difcountenances the opinion of thofc modems, who imagine

the grafhoppers 1 were the Cicadae of the ancients.

Neither were they ignorant that the males only were furnifhed with thofe inflruments which externally
appear to produce its found, or the purpofe for which that found was emitted m,- though it was referved
for more accurate naturalitls to difcover the complex organs by which it was caufcd and modulated.
Aldrovandus, near two centuries ago, defcribed the lamellx, which he compares to the fruit of fome herbs,

called by modern botanifis T/ilafpi 1!.

Among later naturalifis who have noticed the Cicadae of foreign countries are Merian", Margravius P, 8m.

Merian fays, its tune refembles the found of a lyre, which is heard at a dittance; and that the Dutch in the

1 Some fay that once a certain player of Loni, contelting in the art of mufic with another, would have loft the victory, by the breaking
of two firings of his inflrument; but a Cicada flew to his aid, and refiing on the broken infirument, {ung {0 well, that the Locrian was de-
clared vié‘tor. The Locrians erected a flame to the Cicada as a teftimony of their gratitude. It reprcfentcd the player with the infefl on
his inftrument.

k Dr. Margin fuppofed this refers to the {mailer branches in hedges, rather than to the lofty trees in forefls : we cannot entirely coin-
cide with that opinion.

1 Gmfiuflzer. Cicada. They live almoft every where in hot countries. Low]. Hg/I.Anima1. containing the fumme of all authors
ancient and modern, p. 274, 597:. 59's.

Cicada, a Sauterellei'r", or, according to others, a balm Nickie—Non efi quod vulgo, agng/lwltptr, vocamus; fed infeé‘tum longE divcrfum,
corpora at rotundiore et breviorc, qui arbiifciilis infidct ct fonum quadruple inajorum edit. a grq/fiopper, reftE law/i107: reddideris, Marl ex
Ray. Ainfwarflt.

"1 Xenarchus, an old Gi‘CCian play-writer, ufed to fay jocofely that “ the Cicada: were very happy becaut’e they had filcnt wives.”
Ariflotle alto knew the fexual difference of them; he mentions them as a delicious food: he preferred the males when young, but more {0
the females before the laid her eggs.

1" Thalafpi parvum Hieraciifolium, five Lunariam luteam Monfpel. ct Leucoium lutcum marinum. Lolzzl. 51511721011 Au’wr/Izriu mm,
1:. 74.———Aldmru.

U Marian. lnfeéta Surinamenfia.

P Georgi lVIargravii rer. nat. Brafiliz. Lid. 7. p. 257.

 

"' Sarderrllt, forte d’infeé’te. A locutt or grafhopper. quer. Cigalz, a flying infeé‘t. The Cicada of the ancients, unknown in

England. Eryn.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

plantations of Surinam (where they are very plenty) call it the Lyre—player 1. Margravius, in his natural}
hiftory of Brafil, compares it to the found of a vibrating wire: he fays the tune begins with Gir, guir,
and continues with Six, fir, fir. One fpeeies is called Kakkerlak ' in the Indies, perhaps becaufe the
found emitted by it may be likened to the pronunciation of that word. Mr. Abbot, an accurate obferver
and collector of natural hiftory in Nari/i America, has difcovered four new fpecies of Cicada, one of them
nearly equal in fize to our Cicada Atrata. This, he fays, was found in great abundance one feafon, in fome
fwampy grounds near Sufquehanna river, and was remarkable on account of their loud noife, which at
a little difiance refembled the ringing of liarfc-bzlls '.

Some naturalifts have fuppofed that the found of the Cicada, is caufed by the flapping of the lamellz:
againf’t the abdomen 3 and others, that it is only a noife occafioned by the ruftling of the fegments of the
body in the contractile motion of that part. Beckman ‘ imagines it is caufed by beating the body and legs

againfl the wings: he has endeavoured to explain the meaning of ancient authors, and deduce its etymology
from that circumflance “.

Reaumur and Roefel have diffeéted feveral of the Cicadae, and difcovered that the lamellae cannot have
that free motion neceffary to caufe fuch a found ; but. that it is produced by fome internal organs of the
infect, and only iffues through the opening, concealed under the lamellae, as through the mouth of a mu-
fical infirument x.

The fuppofitions of thefe authors feem well founded , we have examined many fpecies that were un-

known to them, and find the fpine before mentioned, fo placed in many infects, as to prevent the motion

q De Lierman. 1' Scapali cam. Yeats defcribes the Kakkerlak of the American iflands as a fpecics of 1314114, cock-roaches.
Are there not two infcéls of that name P—one of them is, we believe, a Blatm.

5 Communicated by Mr. Abbot in North America to Mr. Francillon in London.

‘ Reef. Irfeflm Btlllf/il'guflg-—-CHR!STIANI BECKMANNI, Bornenfis, manuduétionem ad latinam linguam: nee non de originibus
latinae lingux, Sec.

II It is the common opinion that the word Cicada has its origin from quad cz'fa cadar, which, after a general interpretation, implies
that the Cicada: film mud/12, or arefiarhliwd. Beckman maintains that this opinion is abfurd, and proves that its name is derived from
finging, becaufe a: 33m fignifies a found produced by the motion ofa little (kin; and that ciccum or cicum is a thin little [kin of a pome-
granate, that parts the kernels.—Beckman not knowing the infeét, or not imagining that the little flab: was an appendage to the abdomen,
concluded it mutt mean the tranfparent wings, and confequently that the found was produced by beating them againft the body: but this
interpretation, if applied to the lamellae inftead of the wings, will directly prove the origin of its name, and knowledge of the an-
cicnts.

X For the fatisfaétion of the curious reader, we detail the moft interetting particulars concerning the organization of thefe parts from
Rmumur’s Hf/z‘uz'rt dc: I/flfln, and Rntftl’: Vtrfcliiedmt aqflacndifclzzfirten van Cicadm, We.

The mufic of the Cicada is not caufed by the motion of the lamellw, as fome have fuppofed. Rcaumur obferves, that although the
Iamellaz have a kind of moveable hinge, they have alfo a (tiff and pointed tooth, or fpine, that prevents them from being lifted far back;
and, if (trained, are very liable to be broken.

From the anatomical defcription of Roefel, we find that, within the two hollows that are feen when the lamcll: are lifted up, two very

fmocth {kins are vifible; thefe are highly polifhed, of nearlya femicircular fltape, and refieét prifmatic colours: there is between thef:

 

 

 

 

 

 
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HEMIPTERA.

of the lamcllae. \Ve have a fpecimen from America, which, in addition to the ufual organs of found, have
two large hollow protuberances or drums; one on each fide of the abdomen; and muft, we imagine,

produce a louder found than any yet difcovered: a fpecies very timilar to this is alfo brought from New

Holland.

The probofcis of thofe infects is a hard or horny tube, in which a very acute, flendcr fucking—pipe is con-
cealed. The horny tube is not unlike a gimlet in form, and is ufed by thofe creatures to bore through the
bark of trees, to extract the juices, on which it feeds. Linnaeus has named the fpecies of one divifion in
his Syflem, Jllzmng'fcra, becaufe they had been obferved to fly among afh trees, bore many holes in them,

and when the manna had oozed out, return and carry it ofl“.

With this probofcis they bore holes in the fmall twigs of the extreme branches of trees, and depofit
their eggs in them, fometimes to the amount of fix or feven hundred. As each cell contains no more than
from twelve to twenty eggs, it does great damage to the trees they-frequent. Stohl fays, “ the common
one Y, which is found at Surinam in the cofiee plantations, greatly injures thofe trees; the females depofit-

ing their eggs in the young {hoots, and in holes they bore with their (heath. They live on the juices of

the trees.”

a hard brown projection, or corner which unites with another piece above them in a longitudinal direction, to the under part of
the breaft. This longitudinal piece divides a triangular red fpace or field into two parts, one on the right tide, and the other on
the left. Above thefe, in a trunfverfe direction, is feen two fmall yellow fkins; the lamellae in their natural pofition conceal

thefe organs becaufe they fold exactly over them.

Reaumur, in the exterior appearance of thefe parts, could difcover nothing that could lead to determine the organs of the

found; and he was not fatisfied that the flight motion of the lamellae on thefe parts could produce the loud finging noife of
the Cicada. He opened a few cicadas on the back part of the body, fo that the inner flrué‘ture of the under fide was (lifplayed',
and efpecially the parts connected to the curious organs he had difcovered under the lamellae. At lafl he difcovered two large
mufcles, which at their point of union formed a {pace almoft fquare, and were connected with the red triangular fields he had
obferved on the under tide: as he concluded thefe formed a material part of the organs he withed to difcover, he examined them
attentively, and found that, by moving them backwards and forwards, he could make a cicada ting that had been dead many
months. Although the found was not firong, it tended to prove that he had difcovcred the inftrument that produced it.—In
another part he fays it is evident the found is caufed by the little {kins conneEted to the mufeles, becaufe when they were rubbed
with a hit of paper they emitted that kind of found.

Roefel has difcovered two little pieces of horny fubflance that are eonneéted by a fort of fibre within the fkins, in the body,
and he fuppofes when this is in motion, it [hikes againft the before-mentioned thin fkins, and produces 3 found, by the fame
means as a hollow body, or drum, when {truck with a (tick: and alfo that this noife may be varied or modulated by a flight
motion of the lamellae, but cannot be produced without the aflifiance of the internal nerves and mufcles connected with the
organs firft defcribed.

Authors agree that the Cicadae of hot countries emit the loudefl; found. It appears from the papers of Mr. Smeethman
(who refided a confiderable time in Africa) publifhcd by Mr. Drury, that the found of fome kinds pcculiar to that part of the
World is fo loud as to be heard at half a mile dirtance; and that the finging of one within doors, filences a whole company.—
The fame attentive obferver fays, the open parts of the country are never without their mufic, tome finging in the evening and
others only in the day.

Y La Cigale Vieilleufe. Cicad. Tibicien.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

M. Merian gives a figure and account of the metamorphofe of a cicada found in Surinam. She has
miflaken the winged infeé‘t to be only the pupa of the Fulgara Lanternaria, which is too abfurd to deferve
contradiétion; in other refpeéts her account is interefiing, and particularly that part which relates to the
pupa Rate, or chafer, as it is termed. “ The pomegranate tree,” fays Merian, “ fo well known in all
other countries, grows alfo in the fields of Surinam. On them I have found a fpecies of chafer, which is
naturally very lazy, and confequently very eafy to be caught. it carries underneath the head a long trunk,
with which it eafily penetrates the flowers, in order to extraét the honey from them. On the 20th of May,
when they were laying quite quiet. the {kin of the back burtt open, and green flies, with tranfparent wings,
itfued from them. Thefe flies are found in abundance in Surinam, and have fuch a rapid flight, that it

took me many hours to catch one."

The pupa we received from China with our Cicada atrata, very much refembles that figured by Merian.
It has the long fucking trunk or probofcis; but the mofi formidable of its weapons feem to be the fore feet,
which are thick, firong, and armed with fpines or teeth; with thefe it may do more injury to the plants,

by tearing off the tender ihoots, than by wounding the trunk to extract the moit’ture.

We have reprefented the upper and under tide of a male of this interel’ting fpecies, Cicada atrata, not
only to illufirate our preceding remarks, but becaufe we believe no figure has been given of it by any
author, unlefs Dc Zwarlc C/iinccfc/ze cicaa’ez of Stohl is intended for this infect. The Fabrician defcription

has no fynonyms.

The general appearance of both fexes of Cicada atrata is very fimilar, except that the female is fur-
nithed with a flieath, and the male with lamellae. The flieath of the female is partly concealed within a
valve at the extremity of the abdomen, and is only protruded when the creature lays her eggs. In the
figure of the under furface of a male infeét, exhibited in the annexed plate, the lamellae are difiinguiflied

by two fiars: the fingle fiar denotes the fituation of the fpine, mentioned by Roefel and Reaumur.

Laurus Camp/10m.——-Camphor—tree.

The tree which produces the ufeful drug camp/tor is very abundant in Japan and China. Sir G.
Staunton fays it is the only 1pecies of the laurel genus growing in China, where it is a large and valuable
timber, and is never out up for the fake of the drug; but that fubfiance is obtained by decoéting the fmall
branches, twigs, and leaves, and fubliming the camphor in luted earthen veffels. A purer fort is brought
from the ifland of Borneo and Japan, which is fuppofed to be a natural exudation from the tree when the
bark is wounded. Sir G. Staunton fays the Camphor-trce is felled in thofe countries for the fole purpofe of

finding the drug in fubftance among the fplinters.

2 La Cigale Chinoife noire, pres de Canton en Chine. Cab. de Mont. L. F. Hal/Inqfin, pl. ‘10. fig. 118.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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HEMIPTERd.

*—

CICADA AMBIGUA

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Olive colour. Wing cafes clear, anterior margin teflaceous‘.

CICADA AMBIGUA: olivacea, elytris hyalinis, marginibus anticis tefiaccis.

 

Mr. Drury received this infeét from China. It is a {pecies of ambiguous character, but appears to
us undefcribed. It is not noticed among the Tettigoniae of Fabricius, in his laf’c fyflematic arrangement
of infects.

 

 

CICADA LANATA

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

W'ing caies black at the ends; {potted with blue. Front and fides of the head red. Abdomen tufted with

wool or down .

CICADA LANATA: elytris apice nigris: punétis cmruleis, frontis lateribus rubris, ano lanato. Linn. Syl-
Nut. 2. 711. 42.
Fall. Em. Syfl. T. 4. p. 30. 16.

 

One of the mofl beautiful fpecies of the Indian Cicadae. The wing cafes are black, elegantly reticu-
lated, and {potted with bright blue. At the extremity of the abdomen it has a tuft of long and very deli-
cate hairs, intermixed with others that are rather convoluted and of a coarfer texture. The whole of this
infeé’t, but particularly between the abdomen and wings, is fometimes profufely covered with a fine powder
of a fnowy whitenefs, fimilar to that obferved on the Cicada limbata in the imperfeC-t Rate; hence we

may conclude it is alfo one of thofe infects, which furnifh the white wax (' fo highly efleemed in China.

5 Vide Sir G. Staunton’s HM. E71117. China.

G

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTER/I.

TETTIGONIA SPLENDIDULA

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wing cafes brown, highly glofl'ed with a golden tinge. Thighs of the fore pair of legs thick 5 armed
with teeth : colour red.
TETTIGONIA SPLENDIDULA: elytris fufco aureis, tibiis anticis incrafl’ato dentatis rufis. Fall. Em. Syfl.
T. 4. 25. 33.

 

The infeét added under this Fabrician character, is the fame that author defcrihed from the cabinet of
Mr. Drury, and to which he exclufively refers. We believe the fpecimen is unique, at leaf’t we have not
feen it in any other collection; and it has not been figured in any preceding publication. In the Linnacan

arrangement it muf’c be placed in the Cicada genus.

 

 

CICADA ABDOMINALIS

' SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Shining black, with two yellowifh bands acrofs the wing—cafes. Abdomen blood red.

CICADA ABDOMINALIS: atra nitida elytris fafciis duabus flavefcentibus. Abdomine fanguinco.

 

An undefcribed fpecies ; allied both to the Ctrcopz's crummla and Ccrcoleir qxeflico/or of Fabrieius, but
clearly difiinét from either; the thorax of the former being black; and the elytra of the latter marked at
the bafe with two white fpots : the abdomen black. The thorax of our fpecies is black 2 it has no white

{pots on the elytra; and the abdomen is ofa fanguineous red colour.

 

 

CICADA FRONTALIS

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wing-cafes red. Five black (pets on the head and thorax, and one in front between the eyes.
CXCADA FRONTALXS : pallida occipite thoraceque punflis quinque nigris, fronte punéto nigro inter oculos,

elytris fangnineis.

 

We are unable to difcover this fpecies among the defcriptions of Fabricius, and conclude it mutt be a
new infect. The fituation of the black fpots on the thorax, and efpecially that on the front of the head,

confiitute the deeifive criterion of this fpecies.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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HEMIPTERA.

CICADA LIMBATA. var.
WHITE-WAX INSECT.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

‘ Roth-um bent under the brealt. Antennae fetaceous. Wings four, membranaceous, declining along the
tides of the body.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

 

 

Wing cafes deflexed, green, margin red. Interior cafe {potted with black-Var. whitifh, margined with

black: a row of black {pots on the pofierior edge.

CICADA LIMBATA: elytris deflexis viridibus, margine rubro, interiori bafi nigro punétato.
Fair. Spa. Inf. 2. p. 322. 3.

CICADA LTMBATA war. Aliam fimillimam vidi, at totam ex albidam future bafi nigro puliétata margineqne

elytrorum pofrico nigro. Fab. Spa. Inf. ilxid.

 

 

This fingular infeé‘c, and the plant on which it is reprefented, have an equal claim to attention, both as
objeéts ofynatural curiofity, and importance in domefiic economy. The Larva is an elegant and beautiful
creature, and China is indebted to its labours for the fine white wax f0 much efieemed in the Rail Indies.
The plant is not lefs inlerefiing, as it produces the vegetable tallow, in general ufe throughout the Chinefe

empire.

The novelty of thefe produétions Could not fail attracting the notice of thofe learned Europeans who
were full permitted to refide in China, and whofe object was to promote {ciences and arts, as well as the
chrifiian knowledge. Both the Wax—infeét, and Tallow—tree, are fpoken of in their writings, as extraor-
(linary and peculiar advantages to the country. Du Halde, efpeeially in his fplendid work L’HISTomE DE

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

LA CHINE, treats largely on thefe productions, in the feétions Cire Nancie d’lnfefle: " {9’ l’arbre guiportt 1c
fuif. His relations are, perhaps, too prolix, but they are evidently the refult of attentive obfervation,
and ferve to illuftrate the Natural Hiftory, and economical purpofes, of the fubjeéts we are noticing:
they are briefly thefe. The white wax of China is called Tc/zang pa la; it is not the fame as the white
wax of bees, but is the produce of‘a fort of infect that feeds on a tree called Tang gin: thefe infects
form a kind of white greafe which attaches to the branches of the tree, hardens, and becomes wax. It is
fcraped from the branches of the trees in autumn, melted on the fire, ftrained; then poured into cold
water, where it coagulates and forms itfelf into cakes. This wax is very white and gloffy; it is mixed

with oil and made into candles, and is much fuperior to the wax of bees for that purpofe.

f De la Cire Blame/re,
Faitepar [Jet hfcfler, et 72077177156 Tc/mng [fie Ia, c‘cfl-a—czire, Cz're Nancfie (Tin £6755.

Ki dil. La Cire blanche dont i1 s’agit ici, n’eft pas la. méme que la cire blanche des Aheilles. Ce font de petits infeétes qui
la forment. Ces infeétes fuccent 1e fuc de l’efpéce d'arhres nomrnée Tang tyin, et a la longue ils le changent en une forte de
graiffe blanche, qu’ils attachent aux branches dc l’arbre.

11 y en a qui difent que c'efi la fiente de ces infefles, qui s'attachant al’arbre, forme cette Cire, mais ils fe trompent. On
1a tire en raclant les branches dans la faifon de l’Automnc ; on la fait fondre fur 1c feu, et l'ayant pafl‘ée, on la verfe dans l’cau
froide on elle fe fige, et fe forme en pains. Quand on I’a rompué, on voit duns les merceaux brifez, des veincs comme dans la.
pierre blanche ou congélation nommée Pe Che can; elle est polie et brilliante: on la méle avec de l'huile, et on en fait des
chandelles. Elle efl; beaucoup fuperiéure a celles que font les Abeilles.

C/ri {thin dit. Ce n’efl que fous la Dynaflie des Yum qu’on a commence’ a connoitre la cire formée par ces infeé‘tes. L'ufage
en cf’t dcvenu fort commun, foit dans la médecine, foit pour faire des bougies. Il s’en trouve dans les Provinces dc Sr fc/mm,
de Hau guang, de Yunnan) de Fa Hm, de Tch: Hang, de Kirmg mm, et genéralemcnt dans tous les quartiers du Sud—ER. Celle
qu’on ramafi‘e clans les Provinces de Se [drum et d‘Yunna/z, et dans les tsrriloir‘e: de Hm rclreau, et de Yung Int/mu cf} 13 meilleure.

L’arbre qui porte cette cire, ales branches, et les feiiilles femblables a celles du Tang gin. Il conferve fa verdurc durant
toutes les faifons: Il pouffe des fleursblanches en bouquets durant 1a cinquiéme Lune; ii pone des fruits en bayes, gros comme
le fruit (in Kin rampant.

Quand ils ne font pas mfirs, ils font de couleur verte; et ils deviennent noiratres, Iorfqu’ils mfiriffent, au lieu que Ie fruit de
Tang gin efl rouge. Les infeétes que s’y attachent font fort petits. Quand le foleil parcourt les quinze derniers dégrez des
Gemeaux, ils fe répandent en grimpant fur les branches de l’arhre; ils en tirent 1e fuc, et jettent par la bouche une certaine
have, qui s’attachant aux branches encore tendres, fe changent en une graife blanche, laquelle fe durcit, et prend la forme
de cire. On diroit que c’efi de la gelée blanche que le froid a durcie.

Quand le foleil parcourt les quinze premiers de’grez du Signe de la Vierge, on fair la récolte de la Cire, en l‘enlevant de
deffus les branches. Si l’on différe a la cuéillir que le Snleil ait entiérement parcouru cc Signe, i1 efl difliCile de la detacher,
tuéme en la raclant. V

Ces infcétes font blancs quand ils font jeunes, et c’efl alors qu’ils font leur cire. Quands ils deviennent vieux, ils font d’un
chétain qui tire fur le noir, C’eft alors que formant de petit pelotons, ils s’attachent aux branches de l'arbre. Ces pelotons font
an commencement de la groffeur d’un grain de mil: vers l’entrée du printemps ils commencement a groffir et a s’étcndre.’ 115

font attache: aux branches de l’arbre en forme de grapes, et a les r‘oir7 on diroit que l’arbre efl charge de fruits. Quand ils

 
HEMIPTERA.

0/}; tc/zin, a Chinefe writer, {ays, it was not till the dynafiy of Yuen that the wax made by thefe infeéts

began to be known; the cufiom then became very general to employ it both in medicine and making
candles. Its medicinal virtues are highly extolled by the Chinefe phyflcians, and particularly by Tc/ii fien.
It is laid to be a drug abfolutely neceflary to furgeons, that it makes the flefh clofe, flops bleeding, appeafes
pain, unites the nerves, rejoints the bones, and taken in pills, kills the worms that occafion confumptions. It
is found in moft of the fouth-eait provinces of China; but the beft is brought from Sc tcnuen and Yunnan,

and from the territories of H572 tc/ieou, and Yang tcfieou.

Thefe infeé‘ts are white when young, and it is then they make their wax. When old, they are of a
blackifh chefnut colour, and form little pelotons on the branches of trees. Thefe pelotons, at firfi, are
about the fize of a grain of millet, towards the beginning of the fpring they increafe in bulk and fpread;
they are attached to the branches like grapes, and at firfl fight, the trees that bear them, appear loaded
with fruit. About the beginning of May, they gather them, and having enveloped them in the leaves of
Y0 (a fpecies of broad-leaved grafs), they are fufpended to the trees. At the end of June, and in July,

the pelotons open, and the infeéts come forth, crawl about the leaves, and form their wax.

Sir G. Staunton, in his learned work, has alfo defcribed the Wax infeé‘t; he found it at Turon Bay,
in Cochin China, and has caufed it to be reprefented in a vignette plate, with the following defcriptiou.

“ Among other objeéts of natural curiofity, accident led to the obfervation of form: fwarms of uncommon

font fur le point de mettre bas leurs oeufs, ils font leur nid de méme que les chenilles. Chacun de ce nids ou pelotons contient
plufieurs centaines de petits oeufs blancs.

Dans le (ems que le foleil parcourt la feconde moitié du Taureau on les ciieille, et les ayant enveloppez dans des feiiilles de
Ya {efpece de fimple a larges feiiillcs ;) on les fufpend a diHérens arbres. Apres que le Soleil efl forti du Signe de Gemaux, ces
pelotons s'ouvrent, et les oeufs produifent des infec'tes, qui fortant les uns apres les autres des feiiilles dont ils font enveloppez,
montent fur l’arbre on ils font enfuite leur cire.

On doit avoir foin d'entretenir le delfous de l'arbre tofijours propre, et de le garentir des fourmis qui mangent ces infeEtes.
On voit deux autres arbres aufquels on peut attacher les infeétes, et qui porteront e’galement de la cire; l’un qui fe nomme

Tim Wm, et l'autre qui eft un et'péce d'arbte aquatique, dont les feiiillcs refemblent affez a celles du Tilleul.

Qua/itez st Wflx tie Ct'll‘f cire.

Elle efi d'une nature qui n’et’t ni froide ni chaude, et qui n’a aucune qualité nuifible. Elle fait croitre les chairs, elle arréte
le fang, elle appaife les douleurs, elle retablit les forces, elle unit les nerfs, et rejoint les es, prife en poudre dent on forme de
pillules, elles fait mourir les vet's qui Cautent la phtifie.

Ti/zi lien dit. La Cire blanche efi fous la denomination du me’tal : {es efprits corroborent, fortifient, et font propres a ramafTer
eta refferrer. C’eft une drogue abfolument néoefl‘aire aux chirurgiens: elle a (les effeé‘ts admirables, quand on la fait entrer
avec de la peau de Ha lmmg dans la composition de l’onguent, qui fait renaitre et eroitre les chairs. Du Hzlde, 731. 177.12. 495.

largeFolio, 1735.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

infects butily employed upon frnall branches ofa thrub, then neither in fruit or flower, but in its general
habit bearing fomewhat the appearance of a privet. Thcfe infects, each not much exceeding the fize of
the domefiic fly, were of a curious firuéture, having peétinated appendages rifing in a curve, bending to—
wards the head, not unlike the form of the tail feathers of the common fowl, but in the oppofite direction.
Every part of the infect was, in colour, of a perfect white, or at leatt completely covered with a white
powder. The particular ftem frequented by thofe infects, was entirely whitened by a fubftance or powder
of that colour, firewed upon it by them. The fubttance or powder was fuppofed to form the white wax
of the Eatt. This fubitance is afl‘erted, on the fpot, to have the property, by a particular manipulation, of
giving in certain proportions, with vegetable oil, fuch folidity to the compofition as to render the whole
equally capable of being moulded into candles. The faé’c is afcertained, indeed, in fome degree, by the
fimple experiment of dit’folviug one part of this wax in three parts of olive oil made hot. The whole,

when cold, will coagulate into a mafs, approaching to the firmnefs of bees wax.”

From the accurate defcription and figures of the latter author, it is evident, the creature that produces
the white wax of China, is an imperfeét infect, or, technically fpeaking, the pupa of an infect, which,
in its mature Rate, is furnithed with wings. This is clearly the fact, for the rudiments of wings are
vifible in the figures alluded to g. The metamorphofe of infects are fo various, and their appearance fo
changed in paiiing from one Rate to another, that the identity of any fpecies in the larva or pupa can
only be proved by actual obfervation ,- neither do the larva or pupa poffefs thofc cliai‘acterifiic differences
by which naturalitts determine one fpecies from another 5 and this confideration deters us from deciding

on the precife fpccies, to which the pupa before us {hould be referred.

STOHL, a Dutch author, has been more fortunate; he has afcertained this identical creature to be the
pupa of Cicada Limbata, and in his work on Cimz've: and Cicadas, gives a figure of it under the title of
De Wlzlclmagflcr (Nymphe) or La Ciga/c P0716 Laim, fig. 144, together with the winged infect at fig. 145 5
and it is on this authority Cicada Limbata is introduced in the annexed plate.

\Vc are firongly inclined to credit the accuracy of Stohl in this inftance; there is much fimilarity be-

tween the pupa and the cicada, and fome firiking charaéterifiics are common to both. They agree in the

ttrué‘ture of the antennae, and probofcis, or fucking trunk, the abdomen of the winged infect is alfo loaded
with a fine white powder, and is furnifhed at the extremity with a tuft of down and hairs, finiilar to that
to eminently confpicuous in the pupa flate. We have, however, obferved the white powder, and tuft on

the abdomen of Cicada lanata, and have reafon to imagine it alfo forms a white wax, fimilar to that of
the prefent fpccies.

g This may account for a pafl'age in Garden’s defcription of China, where he fays, “ In the plains” of Houquang “ are vaft
numbers of little ”Lt/arr!!! that produce wax, in the fame manner as bees do honey,” if we underfiand by 'u‘ormr, initéts not arrived

at maturity; for the larva. of Bombyx Mori, is alfo termed a filk worm, though it belongs to the moth tribe when perfeét.

 
 

 

 

i

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

The Cicada limbata is of a light green colour, with a red margin; that which Stohl has figured
is of a pale brown, with a black margin. Thefe are the fferici and variety Fahricius defcribes, for the
fpecimens he refers to, in the collection of Sir Jofeph Banks, agree precifely with our infects. Fabricius
notes the lzabitat Africa. Stohl received the green fpecimen from the Ifland of Ceylon; the pale fort from

Africa. The larva we have reprefented is from China ; and the Cicada was brought from the Bali Indies,

by the late Mr. Ellis.

Croton Seblferum—Poplar-leaved Croton, or Tallow-tree.

The Tallow—tree is not the natural food of the Wax infect, but as they mutually illuttrate the fame in—
quiry, they are reprefented in the fame plate; and it is further prefumed, that a ihort account of this ute-

ful plant, will be deemed a proper fequel to the hiftory of the infect.

Du Halde, when deforibing the Tallow»tree, fays, “ ll eft de la hauteur d'une grande ccrifier. Le
fruit eft renfermée dans un écorce qu’on appelle Yen Kim, et qui s’ouvre par le milieu quand il
efi min', comme celle de la Chittaigne. ,r'l confifie en des grains blancs de la groii‘eur d’un noifette,
dont 1a chair a les qualitez du fuif; aufli en fait—on des chandclles, apres l’avoir fait fondre, en y
mélant fouvent un peu d’huile ordinaire, et trempant les chandelles dans la Cire qui vient fur l’arbre
dont je vais parler: il s'en forme autour du fuif une efpéce de croute qui l'empéche de couierl‘.

Page 18. Vol. I.

Sir G. Staunton fpeaks nearly to the fame elfcét: “ From the fruit of the Crown/6599711771, of Lin-
naeus, the Chinefe obtain a kind of vegetable fat, with which they make a great proportion of their
candles. This fruit, in its external appearance, hears fome refemblance to the berries of the ivy. As
foon as it is ripe, the capfule opens and divides into two, or, more frequently, three dirifions, and falling
off, difcovers as many kernels, each attached by a feparate footvftalk, and covered with a flefliy {ubttance
of a fnowy whitenefs, contrafiing beautifully with the leaves of the tree, which, at this feafon, are of a
tint between a purple and a fearlet. The fat, or flefl'iy fubttance, is feparaied from the kernels by crufhing

and boiling them in water, The candles made of this {at are firmer than thofe of tallow, as well as free

3‘ “ It is of the height of a large cherry-tree; the fruit is incloied in a (hell, called Yul Ki‘au, which, when ripe, opens in
the middle like the chi-(nut. The fruit confifis of white kernels of the file of a (mall, or hazel nut, whofe fubfiance has all
the qualities of tallow; {0 that they make candles of it, after having melted and mixed it with a {mall portion of common oil.
and then dipping the candles into the wax before mentioned, it forms a kind of crufl round the tallow that prevents its run.

ning, or wailing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

from all offenfive odour. They are not, however, equal to thofe of Wax or fpermaceti." This author
further adds, “ The Wax for candles, is generally the produce of infeéts, feeding chiefly on the privet, as
is mentioned in the chapter of Cochin China. It is naturally white, and {0 pure as to produce no fmoke;
but is colle€ted in fuch {mall quantities, as to be fcarce and dear. Cheap candles are alfo made of tal-
low, and even of greafe of too little confifience to be ufed, without the contrivance of being coated with

the firmer fubfiance of the tallow-tree or of Wax." VizIe C/mpter on Sou—c/zoofoo.

The tallow-tree is now cultivated in the Weft Indies, where it thrives well, and produces fruit, and

by proper attention may hereafter become ufeful.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

i WE [MARY

0

OF
WHEN?! :25 nugafls

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1
1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

7:111? T F; RA”

1‘1
A

T;

41

I

 

[Um/1m, MIMI/m1 a: liar Jar !bl‘(r/: l'z/ l'D/wnlwn Julia 7 179 S

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

mm ., ans} 5,“ ;

 

i
I.
,

HEMIPTERA.

 

NEPA GRANDIS.
GREAT WATER SCORPION.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Rofirum bent inwards. Antennae formed like legs.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Brown. Thorax, fcutellum, and elytra, varied with obfcure yellow marks.

NEPA GRANDIS tefiacea, fcutello laevi, alis albis maculis venifquc flavis. Linn. 51/1. Nat. 2. 713. 1.

Nepa Grandis, fufca flavo maculata. Fab. Em. Syfl. T. 4. p. 61.

Marian Suriiz. tab. 55.
Die grofle Surinamifche, breitleibige Wail'erwanze. Barf. Inf 3. tab. 26.

Le Grand Scorpion-aquatique. Sta/I. Cimic. 2. tab. 7. fig. 4,
De Geer Inf. 3. 379‘.

 

M. Merian has given a plate and defcription of this fpecies in her work on the Infeé'ts of Surinam.
We learn from that account, that in the larva and pupa fiate it lives in the water; that it is a voracious
creature, and feeds not only on the weaker kinds of aquatic infects, but on fome animals much larger than
itfelf. The pupa ‘ is reprefented on the back of a large frog in the water, and is defigned to pourtray the
manner in which it fattens on thofe creatures, holds them between its firong curved fore feet “, and extraas
the juices of their bodies, through its fingularly confiruc‘ted beak. M. Merian fays the winged infect came

out of one of thefe creatures on the twelfth of May 1701.

Every writer on this infect fince M. Merian, appears indebted to her, for their account of thefe few

particulars; for though all the European fpecies of the fame genus undergo precifely the fame changes in

their aquatic dwellings, among decayed vegetables, 8m. at the bottom of the water, and quit it only in the

‘ 'I'hefe arc fend-complaint: unlike the pupa of the Lepideptcra, Sac. thefe fcarccly differ in appearance or manners of life from the

complete infefl, but have only the rudiments of the wings.

’1 If thefe corrcfpond with the antenna: of other infects, the Nepa has only four feet.
a)

.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.,

winged {late V, we are indebted to her for the time of the appearance of this exotic fpecies in that Rate,

as well as for a correét figure of its pupa.

' Authors vary in their accounts of its native country. Linnxus, following Merian, makes it Surinam;
Margravius, Brqfll; and Fabricius, America generally. We obferve a flight difference between our Chinefe
fpecimen and the figures in preceding works referred to by Fabricius; but in giving it as the Nepa Grandis
of that author, we have no hefitation, having compared it with thofe fpecies referred to by Fabricius in the

colleétion of the Right Hon. Sir Jofeph Banks, Bart.

 

 

NEPA RUSTICA.
EGG—CARRYING WATER SCORPION.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Without tail, brown. Margin of the thorax, and anterior edge of the wing cafes, pale.

NEPA RUSTICA: ecaudata fufca thoracis elytrorumque margine antico albido. Fab. Ent. Syfl. T. 4. 62. 3.
Nepa Plana. Sulz. Hgfl. 17y: tab. 7. fig 2.

 

 

Infeéls in general difcover an extraordinary degree of care, and ingenuity, in depofiting their eggs in
the mofi fecure fituations, or places where the infant brood, when hatched, may be provided with proper
fuflenance. Thofe of the aquatic kind ufually lay them in receffes in the mud or fand, or under loofe
(tones that lie at the bottom of the water: others, with as much care, and more ingenuity, hollow out the
interior fubftance of the large [talks of water plants, and depofit their eggs in them; or, rifing out of the
water, lay them in the extreme branches of thofe plants, to fecure them from other aquatic depredators.
The Nepa ruftica difplays even more fagacity, or attachment for its eggs, than thofe creatures; for it never
leaves them. Till they are hatched, it bears them on its back, in a clutter of an oval fhape; thefe eggs are
of an oblong form, and are fallened by the narrowefl end to a thin film, or plate of cement, that caufes
them to adhere to the polifhed furface of the Wing cafes; when thefe eggs, about an hundred in number,
are hatched, it cafts off the exuviae of the clutter, and differs no longer in general appearance from the male

of the fame fpecies.

Our figures reprefent the fituation of the eggs on the back, and the infeé‘t alfo after they are cafl off.

It is not commonly received with the eggs upon it. Found on the coafi of Coromandel, as Well as China.

V Nepa Cinerea and Lincaris are Englifh fpscies; thefe live in the water till they have wings, when they occafionally quit it to purfue
other winged creatures.—CHINA product-s a fpecies which differs very little except in fize from N. Cinerea. .Fubriciur calls ltNEFA RUBRA

in his Em. Syfl. T. 4. g. 62. f1: 6. We deem a farther defcription of it unneceffary.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I: FLA .

 

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THE HBEABY

OF THE
UNWEESH’Y £15 ILU‘éMS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
THE “MARY

UP THE
UHWE‘FWY It}: QUEENS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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HEMIPTERA.

CIMEX DISPAR.
OCELLATED BUG.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Beak bent downwards. Antennae longer than the thorax. Wings folded aerofs each other: the upper ones

coriaceous from the bafe to the middle. Back flat. Thorax margined. Feet formed for running.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Efcutcheon extends over the wings and abdomen. Thorax and efcutcheon deep orange with fpots of

yellow, and a fmall black point in the middle of each.

CIMEX DISPAR: fcutellaris carneus thorace fcutelloque maculis flavefcentibus: quibufdam punéto
ocellari atro. Fab. Spec. Ivy. 4. p. 81. 7.

CIMEX OCELLATUS. T111015. Now. 5pc. 1125. fig. 72.

De Ongelyke Schildwantz. La punaife difpar. Sic/l. Cl'IIlic. tab. 37. fig. 260.

 

 

This curious infeét is among the number of thofe lately brought from China. A figure of the upper
furface is reprefented on a leaf of the Camellia ngangua, one of the vignette plates of Sir G. Staunton‘s
Hifiory of the late EmbalTy to that country; a coloured figure and a fhort account of it may therefore

prove acceptable to the readers of his volumes.

Profefi'or Thunberg of Upfal difcovered this infeét in his travels in Japan, and defcribed it among his
new/item‘s: under the name Cimex Ocellatus. Stoll, in a work recently publifhed on Cimices, has alfo given
a figure of it: he has likewife reprefented another fort, which he confiders as the female (letter A); it has
no black points in the yellow fpots of the thorax and fcutellum: he mentions the Ifle of Formula as the

native country of his fpecimens.

Fabricius has rejcéted the fpecific name Ocellatm, which was given by Thunberg, and has called it

Difpar: he has added a very minute account of its charaéteriflic marks, Ezc.

We have reprefented the infeét in a flying pofition, to difplay the fingular wings, that are concealed
under the {cutellum when it is at roll. The other figure, difiinguilhed alfo by a fiar, exhibits the under

fide of the infeét, which for variety and beauty of colours is not lefs interel’ting than the upper furtace.
c

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

CIMEX STOCKERUS.
BLUE BUG 0F STOCKER.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Beak bent downwards. Antennae longer than the thorax. Wings folded acrofs each other: the upper ones
coriaceous from the bafe to the middle. Back flat. Thorax margined. Feet formed for running.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYN ONYMS.
Oval: green with black fpots: body ferrugineous.

CIMEX STOCKERUS: ovatus corpore viridi: maculis nigris, abdomine ferrugineo. Lin. SM. Nat. 2. 715. 2.
Fab. E711. Syfl. T. 4. 79. 212. 1.
LA PUNAISE BLEU DE STOCKER. Stall. Cimz'c. fig. 15. I). 2.

Peri-v. Gazopfi. 34. tall. 21. fig. 12.

 

This beautiful infeét is not peculiar to China; it is found on the watts of Bengal and Coromandel, and

in the Ifle of Java. It feems a very common creature in thofe parts of the World; for we rarely receive a

parcel of the infects of thofe countries, and from China in particular, that does not include many of them.

There are feveral varieties of this fpecies 3 fome incline very much to green, and vary in the form of their

fpots, &c. We have a charming miniature variety of it from Africa again. about one third of the fize of
the Chinefe fpecimens, and of a very deep blue colour.

The marks both on the upper and under fide pre-
cifely refemble thofe in the annexed figures.

 
 

THE HENRY

[IF WE
L'HWEESHY £45 :guggass

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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HEMIPTERA.

CIMEX AURANTIUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Orange. Head, anterior margin of the thorax, and feet, black. Margin of the abdomen marked with
black fpots.

CIMEX AURANTIUS : aurantius capite thoracis margine antico abdominis maculis marginalibus pedibufquc
atris. Falv. Ent. Sbfl. T. 4.1). 105. 99.
Sulz. Inf. Taé. 10. Fig. 10.
La Punaife coleur d'orange. Siull. Cimz'c. 2. Tab. 6. Fig. 39.

 

 

This elegant infect has been figured by Stall and Sulzer. The four following are not, we believe, in

any other work.

 

CIMEX CRUCIGER.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Oblong: black. Thorax fpined. and marked with four longitudinal ferruginous lines. Wing cafes black,

with a ferruginous crofs.

LYGKSUS CRUCIGER : thorace acute fpinofo oblongus fupra niger, thorace lineis elytris cruce ferrugineis.
Fab. Em. Syfl. 4. P. 140. 22.

 

From the collection of Mr. Francillon, who received it from China. Fabricius defcribes it in his new

genus Lygceu: as a native of Brazil.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HEMIPTERA.

+

CIMEX PHASIANUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Brown. Pofterior thighs arched, thick, armed with a fpine. Under fide of the abdomen gibbons at
the bafe.

LYGIEUS PHASIANUS: fufcus femoribus potticis arcuato clavatis unidentatis abdominis bafi fubtus gibbo.
Fab. Em. SM. T. 4.1). 144. 35.

 

This fpecies is allied to Cimex bellicofus, a native of Africa. Fabricius notes Lygzem P/zqflamu from

Africa alfo : our fpecimens were brought from China by the late Mr. Ellis, furgeon.

 

 

CIMEX SLANBUSCHII.

SPEC‘IFIC CHARACTER.

Red. Thorax marked with a black band} Scutellum black; and a fpot of the fame in the middle of

the wing-cafe.

LYGIEUS SLANBUSCHII: fanguineus thorace fafcia abbreviata, fcutello elytris punéto alifque atris.
Em‘. S_yfl. T. 4. p. 155. 68.

 

_ Fabricius defcribes this infeét from the cabinet of Schlanbufch. It is very common in China.

 

 

CIMEX BIFIDUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Black. A rufous bar acrofs the wing-cafes. Scutellum furnifhed with an ereét fpine, which is two-cleft
or bifid at the apex.
REDUVIUS BIFIDUS : ater elytris fafeia rufa, fcutello fpina ereéta apice bifida.
Fab. Em. Syfl T. 4. p. 204. 40.

This very fingular creature is a Cimex of Linnaeus. It is a rare fpecies, and has only been defcribed by

Fabricius, who places it in the new genus Rah-vim 3.

4‘ Linnaeus comprehends under the general title Cimex, a variety of infects, very oppofite in appearance, though not effentially
different; and to avoid confufion in the arrangement of thefe difllmilar fpecies in the same genus, he feparates them into eleven
difiiné‘t families, under the names of Apleri, Sculelhfi, calmptmri, &c. Fabricius, throughout all his works, endeavours to divide
the Linnaean Cimiees, and finally, in the Entomologia Syflematim, he refers them to the following genera, Acanthia, Cimzx, Germs,

ngrtus, Mirit, Gt'rrit, and Rulzwim.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE ”MARY
OF THE

Hams

«my u

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K.» 1:1

L'Efl‘l

 
 

LEPIUD (D P TERA“

 

///”/e,/.

 

[mm/wt Puma/ml a 2hr «v1.1 .mwu by [)arwVHIL Jim: 1 17.08.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

IHE H3234?”
OF THE
UNIVEEWY nE :Luaszs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

lander-.M/ufial ”I m .{rtnfim Ir_|rb'11mxonm..lz5vrun 7,103.

 

777%).

 

 

LEPKDOPTERA.

 

 

 

 
 

LEPIDOPTERJ.

 

PAPILIO PARIS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennae increafe in bulk towards the extremity, and ufually terminate in a kind of club.

Wings ereét, when at refi; Fly in day time.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pofierior wings tailed, black with a large blue fpot, and a purple eye near the anterior margin. Seven

lunar marks on the under fide.

PAPILIO PARIS: alis caudatis nigris: pof’ticis macula cyanea ocelloque purpureo, fubtus lunulis feptem.
Linn. Sjyi. Nat. Z. 745. 3.
F121). E711. 53/1. T. 3. p. l. l.
Cid/711.13% 9. tall. 103. A. B.

z====

The fimile propofed by Linnmus for the arrangement of Butterflies, is gleaned from ancient and fabulous
hifiory. The fpecies are divided into fedtions of Trojan and Greek princes, heroes, deities, nymphs, and
plebeians: this allegorical fyltem, which is well conducted, feems liable to lefs objection, than the cha-
racters alligned to each leétion : for many fpecies placed among the Equites, and a more confiderable num-
ber with the Plebeii, are inconfiftent with the eflential criterion Linnaeus has given. This arrangement
has undergone fome material alterations in the Entomologia Syflcflzazica of Fabricius; alterations, perhaps
jufiified, by the comprehenfive view, its author has taken of this pleafing branch of Entomology. The
Equites, with many additions, and a few exceptions, are the fame as thofe in the two Linnaean feé‘tions:
Papilio Priamus, is however, removed from the head of the Egm‘m Trojani, and the precedence given to

Papilio Paris.

Papilio Paris is an infect of confiderable beauty. The general colour on the upper furface obf cure brown,
nearly approaching black, but finely contrafled with brilliant green atoms, that are profufely fprinkled
over it. The pofierior wings are adorned with a large blue fpot, which derives additional lufire from the
dufliy colour fnrrounding it. Another fpecies, very fimilar to Papilio Paris, but Without this fpot, is alfo

, found in China. It is the fuppofed female of our fpecies. Fabricius names it Bianor, after Cramer, /

pl. 103. fig. 6.

 

PAPILIO CRINO.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings tailed, black, entirely covered with refplendent greenifl), or golden fpecks. A hand of blue green
acrols the wings. Under fide, brown, with lunar marks.
PAmmo Cnmoz alis caudatis nigris: atomis viridi aureis fafcia communi coeruleo viridi, polticis fubtus

lunulis viridibus coeruleis cinereifque. Fab. Em. Sjfl. T. 3. I" 5. 13.
H .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

The beauty of the preceding fpecies claims our notice: Papilio Crino, our admiration. Its form is
graceful, its colours fplendid; and in addition to thofe attraé‘tions, it is extremely rare. \Ve have found
an unique fpecimen of this fpeeies in the colleétion of Mr. Drury, and on that authority we include it :15
a native of China. It has not been figured by any author. Fabricius deferibes the fame infeét under the

fpeeific name Crino, erroneoufly giving its fiah‘tat, Africa.

Renealmia exaltata.

Flowered in the fummer of the prefent year, both in the (love of G. Hibberts, Efq. and at Meifrs.
Grimwoods and VVyke’s, Kenfington. It is a majefiic plant, near feven feet in height, and bears a fine

pendent group of flowers at the fummit.

 

PAPILIO AGENOR.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings indented, black, fanguineous-red at the bafe: pofierior wings white, with black fpots.
PAPILIO AGENOR: alis dentatis nigris bafi fanguineis: pofiicis difco albo; maculis nigris.
Lin. Syfl. Nat. 2. 747. 14.
Fab. Em. Sjfl. T. 3.1:. 13. 39.

 

This is one of the largefl Chinefe Papiliones we are acquainted with. The upper and under furfaees fo
nearly agree, that we have confidered a figure of the firtt unnecefi'ary. It is reprefented with Pupilio

Coon on the

Plumbago Roflza. Ito/e coloured Lead- lVort.

 

 

PAPILIO PERANTHUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings tailed, indented, above black, green at the hate: beneath, pale at the ends. Seven lunar marks
on the potterior wings.
PAPILXO PERANTHUS: alis de'ntato caudatis nigris fupra bafi viridibus, fubtus apice pallidis: potticis
lunules feptem fulvis. Fab. Ent. Sfl’i. T. 3. I” 1. 44. 15.

 

Uncommonly fearce, and not hitherto figured. Fabricius has given it as a new fpecies, Pummfiux, and
refers to a fpeeimen in the colleétion of the Right Hon. Sir J. Banks, Bart. That infeét came from Cochin

China. We have feen another, which came from Canton: it is reprefented on a finall twig of
Arundo Bambos. Bamboo or Cane.

This well known plant is mentioned by Sir G. Staunton among the molt ufeful productions of China.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO LAOMEDON.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae clubbed at the end. Wings erect when at refi: Fly by day.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER}
Wings indented: anterior pair brown, poflerior black: with two red {pots on the interior angle.

PAPILIO LAOMEDON: alis dentatis: anticis fufcis, pofiicis nigris: macula duplici rufa anguli ani.
Fall. E721. Sy/l. 3. p. 1. 12. 35—7072. fig. pifl. 1. tab. 10.

 

We have reafon to conclude that this fuperb Butterfly has never been figured by any preceding author.
Fabricius defcribed it in his Entomologiaz Syflematicafrom one of the original drawings, in the colleétion of
Mr. Jones, and refers exclufively to that figure, in a fynonym to his defcription. Mr. Jones having oblig-
ingly aflified us with his collection of drawings, and given us permiflion to copy any of them, we cannot

withhold enriching our volume with a figure of Papilio Laomedon.

The fpecimen, from which the drawing was made, was in the colleétion of Mr. Latham.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERfl.

PAPILIO COON.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae clubbed at the end. Wings ereét when at refi. Fly by day.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior wings brown. Pofierior wings, and tails, black: White fpots at the bafe; and two yellow fpots

on the interior angle.

PAPXLIO Coon: alis caudatis concoloribus: antieis fufcis. Pofiicis nigris bafi albo maculaque duplici
anguli ani flava. F412. Em‘. SM. 3. P- 1. 10. 27.—7on. fig. pifl. 1. tab. 36.

 

This beautiful fpecies is feleéted from the drawings of Mr. Jones 3 becaufe we prefume that a figure of
it has never been publifhed before.

 

PAPILIO EPIUS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae clubbed at the end. Wings ereét when at refi'. Fly by day.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings indented, brown with yellow fpots: a red fpot on the interior angle of the pofierior wings.

PAPILIO EPXUS: alis dentatis fufcis flavo maculatis: pofiicis macula anguli ani rufa. Fall. Em. Syfl. 3.
p. 1. 35. 102.

 

Papilio Epius and Papilio Demoleus are to fimilar in their marks and colours, that mof’t authors have
confounded one fpecies with the other. Papilio Epius is chiefly difiinguifhed by the red fpot in the interior
margin of the lower wings, having no blue eye-thaped mark above it.

 
 

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LEPIDOPTERA.

*—

PAPILIO TELAMON.

TELAMON BUTTERFLY.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae increafe in bulk towards the extremity, and ufually terminate in a kind of club.

Wings, when at refi, ereét. Fly in day time.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings and tail yellowifh, with {pots and bands of black. A red fireak on the under wings.

PAVILIO TELAMON: alis caudatis concoloribus flavefcentibus: maculis fafciis nigris; pofiicis utrinquc

firiga fanguinea.

The fingular delicacy and beauty of this Papilio is not the only claim it has to the particular attention
of Entomologifis: it is clearly an undefcribed fpecies 5 and perhaps the only fpecimen of it yet brought to
Europe, is that from which our figure is copied. It was taken near Pekin, by a gentleman in the fuite of
Earl Macartney, in the late embafl'y to China; and is at this time in the pofl'eflion of Mr. Francillon of
London, who has kindly permitted us to make drawings and defcriptions of this, and every other infect in

his magnificent colleflion that could enhance the value of this publication.

Papilio Telamon bears a difiant refemblance to P. Protefilaus, but a much fironget‘ to P. Ajax: pur-
fuing then the metaphorical method of arranging the butterflies in the Linnaean manner, we have given it

the name of the father of Ajax, who was one of the difiinguifhed Grecian Princes at the fiege of Troy.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

—_—‘.———_—

PAPILIO AGAMEMNON.

AGAMEJIINON BUTTERFLY.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae increafe in bulk toward the extremity, and ufually terminate in a kind of club.

Wings, when at refi, ereét. Fly in day time.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Upper fide: wings, and tails, black, with green fpots. Three lunar red fpots on each of the under wings.

PAPILIO AGAMEMNON: alis caudatis nigris viridi maculatis: poflicis fubtus lunulis tribus rufis. Lin. Syfl.
Nat. 2. 748. 22.
Fab. Em‘. Syfl. T. 3. 1). I. 33. 98.
PAPXLIO IEGISTHUS. Cram. 17% 9. Mix. 106. fig. C. D.

 

Papilio Agamemnon is found in feveral parts of Afia. The under fide is beautifully adorned with a
number of bright green {pots of various fizes. The general colour is pale pink, diverfified with fliades of
chefnut brown. The upper fide is much plainer; the general colour is black, except on the fpots, which
are green, and precifely agree in Ihape with tliofe on the under fide.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE HERA”

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London [Dub/uhd' m [in 11;; (Ench- Ivy LiIJoawmzJ/Lzmh 7. /77&.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
LEPIDOPTERA.

 

PAPILIO RHETENOR.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings indented: above fliining blue; beneath clouded, and marked Wilh brown (pots.

PAPILIO RHETENOR. Cram. Inf. 6. mix 15. fig. A. B.
Sulz. Hgfl. Inf. ml). 13. fig. ].
52412. 62' Roam. I" 68.
PAPILIO MENELAUS'. alis dentatis: fupra cceruleis nitidiflimis, fubtus nebulofis: punétis fufcis.

Limz. Sjfl. Nat. 2. 748. 20.

 

Mofl naturalifis are undetermined whether Papilio Menelaus and the fuppofed variety, Papilio Rhetenor,
fhould not be confidered dittinét fpecies. The colour of the upper fide is nearly the fame in both infects;
but the under fides are very different. The Linnaean defcription of the male, 1’. Menelaus, agrees with
Papilio Rlletenor, and probably he confidered them the two fexes of one infect. Fabricius would certainly
have made a new tpecies of it, if he had not been of the fame opinion. We have both infects before us,
and fhould mofi afl'uredly make a new fpecies of P. Rhetenor, as Cramer and Sulzer have done, if the

authority of the lai’t work of Fabricius were not oppofed to us.

Papilio Menelaus is a native of South America. Sulzer’s fpecimen of Papilio Rhetenor came from
China. Foreign Eutomologifis, for this and other reafons, have confidered them difiinét fpecies. The
curious in infects, fays Cramer, call this butterfly Le Satiné New oblong, to dittinguifh it from P. Menelaus,
or Le Satiné ZI/eu wulgaire.——Cramer has alfo given a third and much finaller kind of thefe blue butterflies,

Pap. Adam'J, which Fabricius alfo confiders a variety of Menelaus.

Whatever effe€t the artii’c can produce by a combination of the molt brilliant colours employed in
painting, he mutt {hrink from comparifon of it with this fpleudid creature. It is impoifible to find in any
part of the animal creation colours more beautiful or changeable. Pale blue is the principal colour, but
new tints meet the eye in every direction, varying from a filvery green to the deepefi purple; and the

whole furface glittering with the refplendence of highly polifhed metal.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA

Thea Laxa.—-—Bohea, or broad-leaved Tea.

Sir G. Staunton fays the bohea tea is fupplied in China from the province of Fochen: the green tea ,
from Kiang-nan. The leaves of thefe teas vary in fome degree in form according to the age of the plant ;
thofe of the bohea are the broadefi; Thea firié’ca has much longer leaves, they are lanceolated, and more
deeply ferrated than thofe of the bohea. Many authors have confidered them varieties of the fame fpecies.

—Flowers in England in Augufi and September.

 

 

PAPILIO OENONE.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae clubbed at the end. Wings ereé’c when at refi. Fly by day.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

S Y N 0 N Y M S .
Wings indented: yellowifh with black margins: the bafe of the potterior wings bright azure.
PAPXLIO OENONE: alis denticulatis luteis margine nigris: pofiicis bafis cyaneis. Linn. Syfl. Nat. 2. 770. 135.

F115. Ent. Sjfl. 3. p. I. 280.
Klemam. 17% 1. ml). 3. fig. 1, 2.

 

Found throughout Afia: in China is very common.

 
 

 

 

 

1
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OF THE
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LE PID©PTERA.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

XX

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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LEPIDOPTER/I.

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PAPILIO VESTA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings oblong, entire, yellow brown, margined with black fpots.

PAPILIO VESTA: alis oblongis integerrimis flavefcentibus: margine nigro punétnto‘ Fab. Em. by}.

T. 3.1). 2. 163. 503.

 

Papilio Vefta is the only infeét of the Htlicanii divifion of Butterflies, defcribed by Fabrieius as peculiar
to China, in his Ent. 53/2. It is a rare fpecics, and has not been figured in any work, unlefs the Pafi/z'o
Tcrpfic/zore of Cramer prove the fame fpecies. The PaPi/io Kfla of that author is a very different infeét,
being the P. Erato of Fabricius.

 

 

PAPILIO PASITHOE.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings oblong, entire, black. A central white {pot on each Wing, and radiated white marks near the mar.

gin. Under fide, pofterior pair yellow: 2 fpace of blood red colour on the bafe.

PAPILIO PASITHOE: alis oblongis nigris albo fubradiatis: punéto centrali albo, poiticis fubtus luteis bafi
cruentatis. Linn. Sjfl. Nat. 2. 755. 53.
Fab. Em. Stfl. T. 3 p. 2. 179. 555.
Papilio Porfenna. Cram. Inf. 4. tall. 43. fig. D. E.

 

Not f0 rare as the preceding fpecies; but by no means common. The upper furface is uniformly black,
except the radiated white marks, fimilar, to thofe feen on the under furface of the anterior Wings; and the
white central fpot. It exhibits no trace of the red, and fcarcely a tinge of the yellow colour f0 confpicu—

0113 on the under furface.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

w—fl-b—t

PAPILIO HYPARETE.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

\Vings entire, oblong, white, veined with black. Under tide of the pofierior pair yellow, with a border

of red fpots.

PAPILIO HYPARETE: alis oblongis integerrimis albis nigro venofis: poflicis fubtus flavis: margine rubro
maculato. Linn,5)fl. Nat. 2. 753. 92.
F125.E7Zl.>5:)fl. T. 3. p. 2. 178. 554.
Papilio Antoniie. Cram. Inf. 16. tab. 187. fig. C. D.
Papilio Eucharis. Cram. Inf. 17. tab. 201. fig. B. C.

 

We have two forts of this fpecies; one With the marginal row of red fpots on the potterior wings, dif—
pofed in a deep border of black; the other has the red fpots on a Whitifh ground. They are certainly the

two fexes of Papilio Hyparete. Found near Canton in China.

Sophora Japonica.——Shining—leav’d Sophora.

An elegant and Valuable timber tree. Sir G. Staunton speaks of it as very frequent in China. It is
noticed in the litts of plants collected in the journey between Pekin and Zhe-hol in Tartary, and in the

provinces of Shan‘tung and Kiting-nan, and alfo in the province of Pe~che-lee.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE LIBRARY

OF THE
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LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO GLAUCIPPE.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings rounded, entire, white. Anterior pair, black at the ends (and furrounding‘ an orange (pace).

Under fide greyiih with brown waves.

PAPILIO GLAUCIPPE : alis rotundatis integerrimis albis : anticis apice nigris, poflicis fubtus cinereis fufco
undatis. Linn. Syfl. Nat. 2. 762. 89.

 

Papilio Glaucippe is an elegant infeét : very common in China, and it is faid, in fome adjacent parts of
Afia alfo. The Papilio Callirrhoe of Linnaeus is considered as the female of this fpecies : few authors deem

it more than a variety (5).

 

 

PAPILIO SESIA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings roundiih, above yellowifh,'black at the ends, with a large fulvous orange fpot. Beneath, feven

white eye-fpots.

PAPILIO SESIA : alis rotundatis albis b apice (medio fulvo) nigris : pofticis fubtus maculis feptem ocellaribus
albis. F115. Em. Syfl. T. 3. In. 203. 636.
Papilio Pyrene. Linn, Syfl. Nat. 2. 161. 86.

 

Fabricius, as well as Linnaeus, confiders this as an American infect: Mr. Drury received his fpecimens
from China, and that reprefented in the annexed plate was alfo brought from the fame country by the late
Mr. Ellis.

Limodorum Tankervillize,

An elegant and much admired produétion of China : it was introduced in 1788, and named in compli-

ment to the Earl of Tankerville.

b Alas anticae flaviflimae, &c. wide gmmzl dzfsri‘btian.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

 

PAPILIO PRYANTHE.

Antennae increafe in bulk towards the extremity, and ufually terminate in a kind of club. Wings, when at

refi, ereét. Fly in day-time.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings roundifh, above white, tips black, with a black [pot in the middle of the wings. Beneath a pale

afh colour, with waved lines and a fulvous fpot.

PAPILIO PYRANTHE. Alis rotundatis albis punéto apiceque nigris, fubtus cinereo undatis: punéto fulvo.
Lin. Sjfl. Nat. 2. 763. 98.

 

This is a rare fpecies, and has not been figured by any author.

 

PAPILIO PHILEA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings entire, fomewhat angulated, yellow. A large orange fpot on the anterior pair. Margin of the poll

terior pair orange.

PAPILIO PHILEA : alis integerrimis angulatis flavis : anticis macula pofiicis limbo luteis.
Limz. Syfl. Nat. 2. 764. 104.

 

Roefel has given a figure of this beautiful butterfly in the fourth volume of the Infeflm Bellzgfligung, and
calls it die iflllianisc/ie Goldbortc ; Linnaeus alfo notes it as an Indian fpecies. Our fpecimen was received

from China by the late Mr. Keats: it is reprefented with the preceding fpecies on the

WIelaftoma Chinenjis,

A plant recently introduced into this country.
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THE HENRY

 

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UNIVE

 

 
 

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LEPIDOPTER/L‘

 

PAPILIO JAIRUS.

7AIRUS BUTTERFLY.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae increafe in bulk towards the extremity, and ufually terminate in a kind of club.

Wings, when at refi, ereét. Fly in day time:

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings entire, brown: middle of the lower wings white ; on the upper furface of each, near the potterior
margin, an eye-fhaped fpot; on the under furface two.

PAPILIO JAIRUS: F. alis integerrimis fufcis: pofiicis difco albo fupra ocello fubtus duobus.—Fab. Em.
Syfl. T. 3. pl. 1. p. 54. 168.
PAPILXO Jnnws. Cram Pail. tad. 6. fig. 11. B.—talz. 185. fig. A. B. C.
Clerk Icon. tab. 29. fig. 3.

 

A fpecimen of this extremely rare Butterfly is contained in the colleétion of Dr. Hunter; a fragment
in the Britith Mufeum; and one in fine prefervation in the colleétion of Mr. Francillon. Except thefe,

and the fpecirnens from which the figures in the annexed plate are copied, we have never feen it in any

cabinet whatever.

It has been figured only by two authors, Clerk in his Icons: ihfic‘lomm rariorum, and Cramer in his Pa-
pil/om exotigue. The figures of Clerk and Cramer do not firiétly agree: we obferve thofe of the firfi much

lighter coloured, and the white {pace on the upper wings confiderably larger than in any of the figures in

Cramer’s plates’.
Fabricius fays it is a native of the Eafi Indies. One fpecimen figured by Cramer was brought from

the ifle of Amboyna. It feems therefore, not peculiar, like fome infeéts, to China.

I’ The copy of this exceedingly fcarce work of Clerk, which we had an opportunity of comparing with Cramer's works, is in the inva-

luable library of the Right Hon. Sir J. Banks, Bart.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

————-.—-—-

PAPILIO ANTIOCHUS.

ANTIOCHUS BUTTERFLY.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae increafe in bulk towards the extremities, and ufually terminate in a kind of club.
Wings, when at relt, ereét. Fly in day time.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings entire, roundifh, black: a broad band of bright yellow brown continued acrofs the upper furface

of the wings.

PAPILIO ANTIOCHUS : P. F. alis integerrimis rotundatis nigris: fupra fafcia communi fulva. Lzmz. Mam.
l. 537.—Fa5. Ent. Syfl. T. 3. p. 2—44. 134.
PAPILIO EUPALEMON. Cram. Pap. 12. tab. 143. fig. B. C.
Drwy Inf. 3. M5. 7. fig. 3. 4.
Aubent. .ME/E'ell. tab. 68.fig. 3. 4.

 

Papilio Antiochus is very rare in European cabinets of infeéts. The fpecimen figured by Drury came
from the Brazils, and Cramer’s from Surinam. Fabricius defcribes it as a native of China. The infeéi
figured in the colleétion of drawings of Mr. Jones of Chelfea, was a native of China, as well as the {peel-

men in our colleétion.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE UBRARY

GF ME

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10mm. [um/mm m 2/2» Au zlu'cccr- by EJlonoran May 1,1,10

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LEPHICDQDP’IPERAE

 

 

 
 

LEPIDOPTERA.

+ ‘

PAPILIO BERNARDUS.
FESTOON ORANGE BUTTERFLX

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Orange colour. A broad bar of yellow acrofs the anterior pair of wings: ends black. Poflerior pair with

two tails, and a fefloon of black fpots, with an eye in the centre of each.

PAPILIO BERNARDUS: alis caudatis fulvis: anticis apice atris; fafcia flava, pofiicis firiga punétorum
ocellatorum. Fab.Ent. Syfl. 2.1). 1. 71. 223.

 

This uncommonly rare Chinefe butterfly has certainly never been figured in any preceding work. It
will alfo be probably new to the collectors of exotic infects, in this country at leafl. Fabricius defcribed it
only from the accurate drawings of Mr. Jones, as appears by the reference added to the defcription in his

Entomologia Syflcmaz‘ica.
Camellia Japonica.——Japan Rafe.

A native of Japan and China. It bears bloflbms from January to May. This is a lofty and magnificent
plant, rifing to the height of feveral feet: there is a variety of it with double flowers, perfeétly white ;

and another in which the flowers are variegated with white and red.

 

PAPILIO ERYMANTHIS.
YELLOW 7AGGED-BAR BUTTERFLY.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings indented, brown: a broad bar of yellowifh colour acrofs the anterior pair; exterior ends black.

Lunar marks on the pofierior pair, and a row of eye—{helped {pots beneath.

PAPILIO ERYMANTHISZ alis dentatis fulvis: anticis apice nigris; fafcia flava, pofticis fupra lunulis,»{ubtus

firiga punétorum ocellatorum. Fab. Em. Syfl. 2. Pa” 1. 13. 139. 427.

 

It is the rarity, and not the beauty of this butterfly, which has induced us to add it to our feleétion.
We apprehend it is far from common in China, being very {eldom fent to Europe among the iufcéts of that

country.
D

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

*—

PAPILIO ORYTHIA.
VARIABLE BLUE AND BROWN BUTTERFLY.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Wings indented, brown. 0n the upper fide twoeyes in each, and another on the under tide of the

anterior wings.

PAPILIO ORYTHIA: alis dentatis fufcis: omnibus fupra ocellis duobus, anticis fubtus unico. Lin.Sy/f.
M1,?“ 770. 130.
Fab. Syfl. Em. 2. fart 1. p. 91. 284.

 

The varieties of Papilio Orythia are numerous, and feem to differ according to climate of the countries
of which they are natives. It is common in North America, Jamaica, India, 8m. The variety from North
America is almott wholly brown, and thofe from Jamaica have leis blue in the ditk of the lower wings,

than thofe from China.

Papilio Clelia of Cramer, which is found on the coafi of Guinea, has been fuppofed a variety of Papilio
Orythia. Fabricius, in the Entomologia SMematica, has made it a difiinét fpecies. It greatly refembles
P. Orythia, but has no more blue colour on the potterior wings than is concentrated in a large fpot near
the hate.

 

PAPILIO ALMANA.
DOUBLE-EYE ANGULATED BUTTERFLY.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
5 YN o N Y MS.
Wings angulated, brown, varied with black marks; a large eye with two pupils in the middle, on the

poflerior wings. Beneath, entirely brown.

PAPILIO ALMANA: alis angulatis fulvis nigro maculatis: pofiicis ocello majori; pupilla gemina, omnibus
fubtus brunneis. Linn. Sjfl. Nat. 2. 769.
Falz. Em. Syfl. 3. I" l. 278.

 

The angulated form of the wings of this butterfly gives it a remarkable appearance. The eyes on the
wings fomewhat refemble thofe of the Peacock butterfly, to which, in fome other refpeéts, it bears no

diflant fimilitude. It is common in China; Fabricius gives its irah'tat Afia.

 
 

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LEPIDOPTERA.

————.——-—

PAPILIO LUBENTINA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings dentated, dark, greenifh, with fpots of white, black, and red.

PAPILIO LUBENTINA : alis dentatis obfcure virefcentibus albo nigro rufoque maculatis.
Fab. Em‘. Syfl. T. 3. p. 2. 121. 370.

 

PAPILIO LUBENTINA, is figured only in the works of Cramer: his fpecimen is not precifely like ours,
but agrees in all the etiential peculiarities, and is unquefiionably the fame fpecies. The femitranfparent

{pots on the anterior wings are much larger in Cramer's figure than in the infeét before us.

 

___________—————_—-

PAPILIO LEUCOTHOE.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings dentated, above brown, with three white bands acrofs. Beneath yellow brown, with three fimilar
i white bands, and black charaéters.
alis dentatis, fupra fufcis: fafciis tribus albis: fubtus luteis: fafciis tribus albis

nigro notatis. Linn. Sgfl. Nat. 2. 780. 17g.

PAPILIO LEUCOTHOE :‘

g,,___.__.,_____.

This pretty infeét is very common about Canton, in China.

 

;__________._._.——————-——-—--—-

PAPILIO POLYXENA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings dentated: above brown, with three white bands acrofs. Beneath yellowifh orange, with three

White bands : a row of black {pots on the lower one.

PAPILIO POLYXENA‘. alis dentatis, fupra fufcis: fubtus luteis : fafciis utrinque tribus albis, pofieriore

fubtus nigro-punétata.

This feems to have been confounded with the preceding fpecies both by Linnaeus and Fabricius. Lin-

naeus firfi defcribes it as the female, and afterwards as a variety of it 5 but it certainly is a very difiinét

fpecies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO JACINTHA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings brown, fcalloped. A row of white {pots on the anterior pair. Ends of the pofierior pair white.

PAPILIO JACINTHA : alis repando dentatis fufcis: anticis firiga punétorum albornm, pofiicis apice albis.
Fal'. Em. SM. T. 3. p. 1. 60. 187.

 

 

This curious butterfly was found in the province of Pe-tche—lee, in China, by the gentleman who dif—
covered the elegant Papilio, Telaman, near Pekin; and has otherwife, by his attention to entomology.
added forne interefiing fpecies to our catalogue of Chinefe infeéts. P. J acintha is reprefented with P. An-

tiochus. on a leaf of the

Urtica Nivea. White Nettle 6.

 

 

PAPILIO GAMBRISIUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings indented. Above black, with [pets and fireaks of green; and a band of white tranfparent fpots
on the anterior pair.

PAPILIO GAMBRISIVS : alis dentatis {upra nigris viridi maculatis firiatifque: anticis fafcia maculari nivea.
Fab. Em. Sy/t‘. T. 3. p. 2. 264.

 

 

A fpecimen of this very rare Papilio, was taken in one of the fmall iflands on the eafiern wait of China,
and is in the pofTefiion of Mr. Francillon. Sir J. Banks, Bart. has a fpecimen of it from another part of
the Eaf’t Indies.

9 Sir G. Staunton {peaks of a cloth that the Chinefe manufaéture from the fibres of a dead nettle. Query, Is this the {pe-
cies employed for that purpofe ? no other is noticed by that author in the lifts of plants coileéted in China.
The nettle is of general ufe in Ruffian Tartary alfo; the Kuriles, and other Siberian tribes, make cloth, cordage, thread,

5w. of it. Gordan, kc. '
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LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO ATYMNUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings bright brown. Anterior pair black at the tips. Pofierior pair furnifhed with tails.

HESPERIA ATYMNUS: alis caudatis fulvis: anticis apicc nigris.
Fab.Ent.S_yfl. 1.12.1. 283. 88.

 

This is alfo a Icarce fpecies. Our fpecimen is from the colleé’tion of the late Duchefs Dowager of

Portland, who procured it from China. Another fpecimen in the cabinet of Sir J. Banks, Bart. is

from Siam.

Hem erocallis Japonica.

Brought from China by Mr. Slater, and flowered in July 1798 in the green-houfc of G. Hibberts,
Efq. Clapham.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

LEPIDOPTERA.

 

 

 

PAPILIO MALCENAS.

 

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae increafe in bulk towards the extremity, and ufually terminate in a kind of club.

 

 

Wings, when at refi, ereét. Fly in day-time.

Plebeii rurales. Limz.C

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Upper fide black, dilk blue. Two tails to each poflerior wing. Under fide clouded with brown.

 

 

 

HESPERIA MIECENAS : alis bicaudatis atris: difco coeruleo, fubtus brunneo nebulofis.
Fab. Em. Sjfl. T. 1. I). 1. 27]. 45.

 

 

We are indebted for this rarity to T. Marfliam, Efq. It is defcribed by Fabricius from an original
drawing d, and has not been figured by any author.

C Plebeiz' rum/m, alis maculis obfcuriorlbus. Spots on the Wings obfcure, or not tranfparent.—The plebn'x' is the laft family
of Butterflies in the Linnaean fyftcm, and is divided into two feétions, rural“ and urbicole. Fabricius removes this family from
the Papilirmes (Butterflies) to a new genus Hefpm‘n. This genus is however divided after the Linnaean method into two feétions,
ray-ale: land urbz‘calce, and contain nearly the whole of the Linnaan plebeii, in addition to the later difcovered fpscies. The efl'en-
tial charaaer of the'Hrflaeria is, Palpi two, comprefl‘ed, hairy, apex cylindrical, naked. Antenna clubbed, oblong, often

crooked at the extremity.
d jarz.fig.fii8. 6. tab. 3. fig. 2.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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LEI’IDOPTERA.

+

SPHINX NECHUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings entire: anterior pair greenifh, with teftaceous marks. Poflerior pair black; :1 band of yellow fputs

acrofs the wings, and a fingle fpot near the bafe.

SPHINX Nncnus: alis integris: anticis viridibus; firiga tefiacea, potticis nigris: maculis bafeos fafciaque

flavis. F115. E721. Syfl. 3. 1). 1. 377. 63.

 

The number of Chinefe fpecies of this genus, already defcribed, is very limited: our prefent infee‘t is
the largef’r of them; but, as this is inferior in fize to feveral kinds found in Europe, we conceive there
mutt remain many larger fpecies of the genus unknown to colleétors of foreign infeéts, and yet very com.
mon in China. In the latter part of Sir G. Staunton's work, that author mentions the larva of a Spfiinx
3hr]; which furnifh an article for the table of the Chinete. We regret that the indefinite expreflion can«

not aflii’t us to determine the fpecies, and fcarcely the genus, of the infeé‘t alluded to c.

The fpecimen figured in the annexed plate, is in the colleétion of Mr. Francillon, who received it from
China. A fmall variety of the fame fpecies is found in North America, and figured by Cramer. Sphinx
Batus and Sphinx Gnome are nearly allied to this infcét, particularly the former; both are found in dif—

ferent parts of the Eafi Indies.

= European naturalifts are entirely ignorant of the Chincfe irifeéts in the Rate of lana and pupa, if we except a few fpccies
of the Cimices, Cicada, and fame altogether uninterefling infeéts, that have been accidentally brought among others from that
country. Hence it mutt remain undetermined Whether they correfpond in form with thofe of other parts of the world. It is,
however, highly probable, from their great affinity to thofe, in the pcrfeét flute, that in the Rate of lana they may alfo agree.
The extenfive Colleétion of the larva of t'phinges made by Mr. Abbot in North America aflbrds no fingulurly confiruc’ted animal
diflinét from thofe found in Europe; they vary indeed in their colours, but preferve uniformly the charaéters found on the fame
genus in other countries. We noticed among the drawings of the late Mr. Bradfhaw the figure of a Chiriete fphinx, apparently
S.Hyla:, together with a lanai fimilar to that of the Sphinx Stellatarum: itwas green, and, like all the known larva of the genus,

{except the All/Cf/fl divifion) was perfeétly free from hairs: it was alfo fumifhed with a horn at the potterior part of the body.

:3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

SPHINX POLYMENA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings black, with three yellow fpots on the anterior pair, and two on the pofierior pair. Abdomen

belted with two bright red bands.

SPHXNX POLYMENA: Lin. SM. Nat. 806. 40.
Zygaena Polymena: nigra alis maculis luteis anticarum tribus pofiicarum duobus. Abdomine cingulis

duobus coccineis. Fad. Em. Syfl. 3.1). 1. 396. 34.

We fufpeét this beautiful creature is fcarce in China; at leaft it is very rarely found among the infec‘ts
brought from that country. It is figured on the plate with the

Rofafimperjflorens—Ever-blowing China Rcfi.

A plant lately introduced from China, but thrives well in this climate, and bears a beautiful deep red
flower, throughout mofi part of the fummer feafon.

 

 

SPHINX HYLAS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings tranfparent. Abdomen green, with a purple belt round the middle. Apex bearded.

SPHINX HYLAS: Limz. Mam. l. 539.
Sefia Hylas: alis fenettratis, abdomine barbato viridi: cingulo purpureo. Fab. Em'. SM 3. p. 1. 379. 3.

 

The Sphinges with tranfparent wings may be feparated from the others with much propriety : Fabri-
cius includes them in his new genus Sefia; but that genus is not formed exclufively of fuch infects, his
efl'ential charaéters being taken from the {truéture of the palpi, tangue, and antennae. The Sphinx fuci-
formis found in England fomewhat refembles this Chinefe fpecies.

 
 

 

 

 

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SPHINX THALLO.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings oblong, entire black, two bars of white on the anterior wings, and a yellow {pace on the

potterior pair.

PAPILIO THALLO: alis oblongis integerrimis nigris: anticis firfciis duabus, potticis unica flavis. Linn.
Sgfl. Nut. 2. 756. 62.
Papilio Thallo: F1112. E711. 33/21. 3.1), 1. 173. 537.
Sphinx peCtinicornis: Linn. SJ/Z. Nut. 2. 807. 44?
F412. Ent. Sbfl. 3. p. 1. 399. 44?

 

 

It is altogether perplexing, and myfterious to us, that Fabricius, throughout all his works, and even in
his lafi enlarged and correéted fyt‘tematic arrangement, has given a Papilio Thallo in the He/it‘anii divifion
of that genus, when it is clear no fuch Papilio has exifience. Linnaeus has, undoubtedly, f0 named an in-
tea figured in a plate of Edwards’s birds, tab. 226, with :1 reference to that Work; yet it is certain the infeét
there figured is not a butterfly, but a lepidopterous lufeél, to which antenna-3 of dubious 1tru€ture have
been added, to perfeét its appenranCe ‘. No later author has figured the fame t'pecies; and fpecimens of it
being extremely licarce, it is probable Fabricius has been unable to deteét the error. In admitting this,
however, we mutt necefl‘arily notice the fynonyms of Sp/zinxpcflinicomir, where he al-l‘o quotes the fitmc figure
in the works of Edwards. Thus we find, throughout all the editions of the Fabrician Syftem, a Papilio
771allo and Sphinx pcc‘iinicornis formed ofthe folitary figure of one infeét. Crnmer has finally increnfed the

ambiguity of its genera, by making an infeé‘t of clofe affinity, perhaps the fame fpecies, a Phalaenzt.

Vials P. Tiberirza .

f Coincident obfervations on perfeét {pecimens of feveral infeéts, nearly allied to this fpecies, tend to convince us, that the
artifi; had only a mutilated fpecimen to copy from. Indeed, though the antennae in his figure are terminated in a kind of capi-
tulum, like that of the butterflies, the filaments are fomewhatjagged, as it" intended to appear flightlypeétinated. Cramer notices
the very cloie affinity between his infeét, P. Tiéerina, and that in Edwards’s work; which, he obferves, differs neither in form
nor colour, but only in having clubbed antenna: thofe parts of his infeé‘t being pefiinated or feathered.—“ Mr. Edwards a
reprét‘cnté un Papillon, qui ne difi‘ere de eelui-ci, ni pour la coleur, ni pour la detfein, mais qui a des antennas a boutons. Celui
que nous donnons ici ett grave d’apres une Phaléne qui a des antennes plumace’es,” &c. Cram. C. D. P1. 3-).

Edwards calls this infeét the little black and white Butcher fly, becaut’e it is fipired on a plate with the black and white

Butcher bird.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
   
   
 
 
   
  
 
    
  
 
 
   
  
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

“'ith fpecimens of both the infects figured by Edwards and Cramer before us, we cannot hefitate to
confider them Sphinges of the Aa’fcilaag family, and of the Zygcemz of Fabrieius. In removing our infeét
to the fphinx genus, we have retained the fpeeifie name T/zallo, as more likely to denote the fpecies than
any newly adopted name. The infect figured by Cramer does not precifely agree with Edwards’s figure.
in the firfl, the (lifk of the pofierior wings are yellowifh, with a deep border of black: in the other, the
yellow occupies only a fpace near the hate, and forms a femi—lunar mark near the anterior margin of thofe
wings. We fufpeé’c, with Cramer, that they are but the two fexes of one fpecies. Crumer fays both his

fpecimens came from China, from whence our infeéts were alfo received.

 

SPHINX RUFICOLLIS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings entire; black purple, a femicircular yellowifh band communicating aerofs all the Wings; and two
{pots of the fame colour near the apex. Collar reddifh.
Srnmx RUFICOLLIS: alis integerrimis nigro-purpurefcentibus fafcia communi maculifque duahus flavis,

thorace antice brunneo.

 

This and the following fpecies are undoubted nondefcripts: both fpecimens are in the collcfiion of

Mr. Francillon, who received them from China.

 

 

SPHINX BIFASCIATA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings fulvous or orange, a black bar acrofs the middle of the anterior wings: tips black.

SPHINX BIFASCIATA: alis fulvis fafcia apiceque nigris.

 

Sphinx Hylas, Thallo, ruficollis, and the elegant little fpccies Sphinx bifafciata, are reprefented on the

plate with the

Thzg'a Orientalis.———China Abor-vitaz Tree,

An ornamental evergreen, much ef’teemed by the Chinefe, and very frequently reprefented in their land-
fcapes. Sir G. Staunton remarks in the account of the journey from Pekin to Canton, that great quanti-

ties of this plant grew to a prodigious height in the valley in which [lands the city of Yen—choo—foo.

g The Adfcitae differ from the other fphinges, in their general appearance, but have all the charaé‘ters afligned to that genus.
 

 

 

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LEPIDOPTERA.

PHALENA ATLAS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennae fetaceous. Wings, in general deflexed when at relt. Fly by night.

Bombyx.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings much falcated or hooked. Colour, yellow brown, varied. A tranfparent fpot in the middle of

each wing; with a fmaller one next that on the anterior pair.

PHALIENA ATLAS : alis patentibis falcatis luteo variis: macula feneftrata anticis fefquialtera.
Lin. SM. Nat. T. 2. 808. 1.
F1217. Em. Syfl. T. 8. p. l. /107. 1.

 

The Phaleenae are a tribe of infects remarkable for the neatnefs and fimplicity of their colours. Their
elegancies confift in the infinite variety, and delicacy of intermingled tints: the contrai’c of fpots, {peck-
lings, and lineations, which confiitute the minutiae of infect beauty. Some fpecies are to be excepted in
this remark; the larger kinds are often gaudy, and the fmallett exhibit a difplay of the richeft colours,
fancifully difpofed, and molt elegantly diverfified.

The European fpecies are numerous, and pretty well afcertaiued: thofe of remote countries remain in
great obfcurity. The fpecies inhabiting China are almofi unknown"; for the lateit fyl’tematic writer
defcribes not more than twenty fpecies in all the cabinets in Europe. From this fcanty number a few are
{elected to illufirate the genus, and if thefe appear deficient in point of interef’c or variety, it may Itimu—
late others to colleét new fpecies, whenever an opportunity occurs. The Phalaena tribe, not only of China,
but every country, except of Europe, are a dgfidcratum of entomology. In Europe the number of this
tribe exceeds that of any other: on the contrary, the extra»European fpecies are comparatively the
molt inconfiderable of our acquifitions. The Papiliones, or Butterflies, are a ihowy and lively race: they
(port in the open fields in day, and attraét the traveller’s curiofity ; hence our cabinets abound with them.

But the moth, infinitely more numerous, and not lefs pleafing, is feldom feen 5 in the gloominefs of its difpo~

‘7 Fab. Ent. 631/1. Thefe arc chiefly defcribcd from infects in the colleétion of Morgflm Luz/dim", of which no figures are

extant, and the collcétion unknown.

M

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
 
   
   
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

fitions, it reeks the obfcurity of the foreit in the day, and only ventures on the wing when the fun is down.
In Europe we vifit its noéturnal haunts without difliculty or dread; but in hotter climates thefe are often-
times impenetrable, or the lurking places of ferocious animals; and few will expofe themfelves to their
attacks, to increafe the catalogue of exotic Phalaenae P. 7

Phalaena Atlas is the firf’t fpecies we have to notice. It is the largeit of the moth tribe <1, and is, in-
deed, a gigantic creature. The fpecies is common, but not peculiar to China, being found in other parts
of Afia, and in America. The influence of climate is eafily traced in the varieties from different countries;
that from Surinam is the largei’t, and of the deepef’t colours. The Chinefe kind is the next in fize; the
Colours incline to orange, and the anterior wings are more falcated or hooked at the ends. We have two
other Afiatic varieties {till fmaller, with the wings extremely falcated.

The larva of Phalaena Atlas is figured by M Mrian, in the Infefla Surinamergfla, plate 52 : it is about
four inches in length, green, with a yellow firipe difpofed longitudinally. Upon each fegment are four
difiinét round tubercles of a coral—like orange colour, which are furrounded with very delicate hairs. The
pupa is large, and is inclofed in a web of an ochre colour. The filk of this web is of a {trong texture,
and it has been imagined, if woven, would be fuperior in durability to that of the common filk worm.
Sada has alfo reprefented the larva at fig. 1. plate 57. vol. 4. T/icfaurur Nature}. It is nearly fix inches
in length, and bulky in proportion; the Phalaena is alfo larger than that figured by Merian, which is a

P The far greater number of Phalzeme can only be taken in the woods at night. This is termed mailing by collectors. The
moths begin to ftir about twilight, and when almoft dark, commence their flight. The collector is fumifhed with a large
gauze folding-net, in which the infects are caught indifcriminately, for it is impoffible to diftinguifh one fpecies from another,
and often is {0 dark, that the objeét itfelf can barely be difcerned. Different fpecies have their favourite haunts, fome the
lanes, and {kirts of woods, but many of them prefer the open breaks in the molt retired places. As it would be unfafe, or im-
poifible, to penetrate the woods in many countries, it it better to colleé‘t the larva, or caterpillar, for thefe may be found on
the trees in day-time, and if kept in little gauze cages, and carefully fed, will change into chryfalis, and produce the fly.
This is certainly tedious, and few travellers will divert their attention from more important obfervations; but were they to
appropriate their leifure to this branch of fcience, they would materially improve entomology. Mr. Abbot has invefiigated a
fmall diitriét of Georgia, in North America, in this manner, and our cabinet is indebted to his labours for feveral hundred
fpecies, altogether new in Europe. The reader may ef’cimate the importance of thefe difcoveries, by referring to the two
expenfive volumes of North American lnfeéts, lately publifhed; and refleEting, that the originals of all the fpecies included in
that work, are but a {mall feleétion from thofe he has furnifhed us with. Viewing thefe as the refult of one man’s refcarch, in
an inconfiderable portion of North America, what a variety of new and fplendid kinds would be the reward of thofe,’ who
fhould explore the more genial regions of Afia, Africa, and South America, with equal diligence and information!

We have hazarded an afl'ertion which may feem inadmiffible, that the Phalaenae are infinitely more numerous than the
Papiliones, or any other tribe of infeé‘ts. Not that we poffefs more; but becaufe, in every country that has been invef’tigated,
experience juflifies fuch opinion. For infiance, in Great Britain, we have only fixty Papiliones, and by mere accident two
or three local fpecies have lately been added; of the Phalaenae we have more than 900. The fame comparative pr0portion is
obferved throughout the countries of the European continent; and it is fingularly analogous, that our opinion is confirmed,
by the recent difcoveries of Mr. Abbot in America alfo.

‘1 When Linnaeus defcribed it, few of the very large fpecies of Phalana were known. We have two {pecies from the interior

of Africa, that are larger than the Chincte war. of Atlas, and feveral others fcarcely inferior in magnitude.

 

 
   
    
 

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LEPIDOPTERA.

{mall fpecimen of the Surinam kind. According to Merian, there are three broods of this infeét in a year;
they are very common, and feed on the orange trees. Linnaeus fays, they adhere f0 tenacioufly to the
leaves, that they can fcarcely be taken ofl ’.

The common {ilk worm, or Phalaena Mori, is of this family, and merits obfervation as a native of
China. The art of weaving its threads into filk is of the earliefi date. The difcovery is attributed to the
Serer, a people of the Eaft Indies, fnppofed the Chinefe 5. In the days of Solomon, we are told, a woman
named Pamphilia, of the lfland of Co, was lkilled in the art of making cloth, of the filk brought
from the country of the Seres. The mofi ancient of the Chinefe writers afcribe the invention to one of the
women of the emperor Hoang 11', named Si ling, and in honour Yumfeif. When Rome degenerated into
voluptuoufnefs, Perfia, its dependency, furnifhed this article of luxury; but it is fuppofed they were in-
debted to the Chinefe for it. and being fupplied only in fmall quantities, it was confequently dear. In
Rome it was {0 fcarce, as to be worn only by perfons of the firf’t difiinétion.

The Chinefe hifiorians affirm, that the difcovery was confidered at firfi of fuch importance, that all
the women in the palace of the emperor were engaged in rearing the infect, and weaving its (ilk. In after
times, the filk of China was a principal article of commerce, but latterly its value has been materially
lefleiied, by the culture and fabrication of filk in other countries. As the Chinefe know little of the ufe
of linen, the lilk is a ftaple article of their own confumption. The jefnit millionaries mention feveral
forts of it, in ufe among the Chinefe, fome admired for beauty, and others for durability. It is gene-
rally fnppofed thefe are not merely the effect of different manufaéture, but are the produce of dif-
tinft infetfts “. Sir G. Staunton fpeaks of the culture of filk worms in China, but only of the common

fort. It will gratify curiofity, if not prove advantageous, {hould future obfervers afcertain what kind of

1’ Larva verticillata verrucis pilofis nec folliculos grandes, tenaces, vix extricandos. Linn. Sjfl. Nat.

‘ Velleraque ut foliis depectant tenuia Seres. Virg. Georg. II. 122.

‘ DU HALna, Der Sayerier. Les plus aneiens écrivans dc cet Empire, on attribuent la découverte a unc des femmcs (is
l'Empereur Huang ti, nommée Si ling, et furnommée par honneur Yuenfei.

‘1 M. Merian fays, in the defeription of the Surinam variety of Phalaena Atlas: “ Telam ducunt fortem, quare bonum fore
fericum rata, iftius aliquam collegi copiam & in Belgium tranfmifi, ubi eadem optima judicata ett: ut itaque, fi quis Erucns
iftas congregandi laborem non detreétaverit, et bonae notae bombycem, et maximum hinc lucrum {ibi comparare poffet.”
The thread of which this coccon’s web is compofed, is to firong, that it has been imagined it would make good filk. I have
brought fame of it into Holland, which has been efteemed fuch. So that if any one would take the trouble to colleét a number
of thefe caterpillars, they would be found good filk worms, and produce great profit. MERIAN.—Abb0t informs us, the Moths
of the Emperor tribe, in general, are called Silk worms by the people of Georgia, and in the defcription of Fhalaena cecropia, is
{rill more explicit: for he fays, “ the caterpillar {pins on a twig. The outfide web is coarfe, the inner covered with filk, like
a filk worm’s coccon. It is {aid this filk has been carded, fpun, and made into flockings, and that it will wath like linen.”
Alzlzat’: 14‘. by Dr. 5'. .E. Smith—Theft: infeéts are all of the fame natural order, P. Cecropia is rather fmaller, but very fimilar
to P. Atlas, and this information at leaft corroborates the affertion of Merian.

An opinion, that the Chinefe rear feveral kinds of infeé‘ts for the fake of their filk, has long been prevalent. Dr. Lettfom
propofes a query on this fubjeét, “ Which fpecies of moth or butterfly is it, the caterpillar of which, in China, afiords that
flrong grey kind of filk, and how is it manufaétured or wore? How are thefe {ilk worms or caterpillars preferved, fed, and

managed ? The introduction of fuch a new {ilk into England would be a ufeful acquifition, and redeem entomology from tht‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEPIDOPTERA.

infeéts the Chinefe appropriate to making filk, and whether P. Atlas is of the number, as has been
conjeétured.

cenfure it is now branded with, of being a mere euriofity, void of any real utility 4*." If Leflér and Lynn?! are to be relied on,
The mealagie 11:: 142m: anfwers this query. “ At this day there are to be found in China, in the province of Canton, filk
worms in a wild flare, which, without any care being taken of them, make in the woods a kind of filk which the inhabitants
afterwards gather from the trees. It is grey, without luftre, and is ufed to make a very thick and flrong cloth, named there
Kien Tcheon. It may be wafhed like linen cloth, and does not Rain." A Gentleman refident in the Eafi Indies, {peaks of a.
large Phalaena, producing filk in that country. “ We have a beautiful filk worm north—eafi of Bengal, that feeds on the
Ricinus, whence I call it Phalaena Ricini : it is [ca green, with {oft (pines, very large, and voracious, and (pins 3 coarfe, but
firong and ufeful filk. The moth is of great fize, with elegant dark plumage—Is it known to European Naturalifis P”—In a
colleflim afpapers publzflea' by Dr. Annmsow, in MADRAS, 1788, 1789.—M. Le Bon, Reaumur, Roefel, and feveral others,
have attempted to weave the filk of fpiders, as a fubftitute for that of filk worms, but their experiments rather amufe, and point
out the ingenuity of the propofers, than promife to be ufeful; for after many trials, it appears that the filk of {piders would be
inferior in luftre, and far more expenfive than that of filk worms. Sir G. Staunton alludes to thefe experiments in his defcrip-
tion of the Java forefts. “ In fome open {pots were found webs of fpiders, woven with threads of f0 firong a texture, as not
eafily to be divided without a cutting infirument; they feemed to render feafible the idea of him, who, in the fouthem
provinces of Europe, propofed a manufaéture from fpiders’ threads; which is fo ridiculous to the eyes of thofe who have only
viewed the flimfy webs fuch infefls fpin in England.”—Many other fubfiances of a {oft texture have alfo been wrought into a
variety of trifling articles, as gloves, fiockings, &c. of the fibres of Albeftos earth, or mountain flax, beard of the large Pimm

(hell, &c. &c.

4* Naturalifl; and Traveller‘s Companion, 1'74.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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LEPIDOPTERA.

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PHALENA MILITARIS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings fpread. Yellow, with violet fpots : ends of the Wings violet, with white fpots.
PHALIENA MILITARIS : alis patulis concoloribus luteis : apice maculifque violaceis, anticis extus albo

macnlatis. Linn. Syfl. Nat. 2. 811. 12.
Fab. Em. Syfl. 3. p. 1. 416. 33.

 

 

This, and the following fpecies, are fcarce. Mr. Drury informs us, he never procured but a fingle

fpecimen of Phalaena leé‘trix, in the conrfe of thirty years colleéting infeé‘ts.

 

 

PHALENA LECTRIX.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings incumbent, black: anterior pair {potted with blue, yellow, and white 5 pofierior pair {potted with
red and white.
PHALENA LECTRIX: alis incumbentibus nigris: maculis cceruleis flavis albifque, pofiicis rubro alboqne
maculatis. Linn. Sj/Z. Nat. 2. 334. 83.
Fab.Ent. Syfl. Sf. 1.1). 475. 212.

 

 

PHALZENA BUBO.

Noctua.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings fpread, dentated brown, with black indulations. A large bright brown eye in the middle of the

anterior wings.

PHALIENA BUBO : alis patulis dentatis fufcis nigro undulatis : anticis macula magma ocellari brunnea.
Fall. Ent. Sjfl. T. 3. p. 2. 9. 4.
P/za/mna Macrops. Limz. Sy/i. Nat. 3. 225.

 

This is the largefi of the Chinefe Nafluce; fame very fimilar fpecies, but Without the orange eye, and of

a fmaller fize, are peculiar to China.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

,LEPIDOPTERA.

 

PHALIENA PAGARIA.

Geometrce.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Antennae peétinated. Wings roundifh, blue black, with a row of white [pots next the tips of the wings.

PHALJENA PAGABIA : peéfinicornis alis rotundatis coeruleo nigris: fafcia macularia apicis alba.
Fab. Em. Sy/l. T. 3.1:. 2. 153. 85.

 

 

PHALJENA ZONARIA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Antenna: fetaccous. Wings green, deeply bordered with pale red. A green fpot on the exterior margin

of each wing.

FHALJENA ZONARIA : alis viridibns margine pofieriore lato rufefcente, fingulis macula‘r marginali viridi.

_.___.__._.—__———-——
._._.._—-————

Not defcribed in any preceding work.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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NE UROPTERA.

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LIBELLULA CLAVATA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Mouth furnifhed with more than two jaws. Antennae like a brittle or hair, very fhort. Tail of the male

armed with a pair of forceps.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Abdomen clubbed at the end, gibbous or thick at the bafe. Body variegated with green, and deep brown
firipes.

AESHNA CLAVATA: abdomine clavato bafi gibbo, corpore fufco viridique variegato. Fab. Spec. Inf. 1.
p. 526. 4.—Erzt. Syfl. 2. 385. 4.

 

This infeét is defcribed by Fabricius, and in conformity with his new fyfiem, is termed Are/7171a clu-

vala C. \Ve rejeét his generic definition, becaufe it clearly belongs to the Linnaean Libellulae. Libellula

clavata mutt. be placed with the European L. grandis and forcipata.——It is fcarce, and has never been
figured before.

 

LIBELLULA INDICA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings yellow, barred with brown, changeable to bright purple. Apex of the anterior pair white. Pof.

terior pair blue at the bafe.

LIBELLULA INDICA: alis flavo fufcoque variis apice albis: pofiicis macula bafeos cyanea. Fab. Em. Say}
T. 2. 376. g.
Libellula variegata. Linn. Syjz‘. Libellula hif’trio. JVIanI. Inf.

Another fpecies of Libellulae, peculiar to India, and found in China, greatly refembles this infeEt: it

is probably a Variety of it.

c Fabricius divides thefe two families of Linnaean Libellulaa into three dittinét genera; the firft retains the Linnaan name,
the fecond and third are called Aethna and Agrion. Their mof’t efi‘ential charaéters are taken from the form and fituation of
the mouth, and therefore require a deep magnifier to determine them with accuracy. We have examined thofe parts in the
greater number of the fpecies Fabrieius has defcribed, and find his charaéters agree, except in one inflance; but, which alone
proves the impra€ticability of adopting the whole of his fyf’tem: he dcfcribes Libellula C/iimqflr, and refers to the only figure
that has been given of it, in one of the plates of Edwards’s Natural Hifiory of Birds, 1745. Had he ever teen and examined
this rare fpecies, he mutt have referred it to his genus Agrion, each of the lips being bifid, or two-cleft, as in Libellula Virgo
and puella,—the effential charaéterifiie of the genus Agrion; for the mouths of the Libellulze of Fabricius differ altogether in
Rruéture, and are not notched in the flighteft degree, as Libellula clavata, ferruginea, 0 maculata, and the European {pecies
Libellula depretfa, will fufiiciently illuflrate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NEUROPTERA

 

LIBELLULA 6 MACULATA

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Three black marks on the anterior ribs of the rim pair of wings, marginal fpot white. Polterior wings
clouded with yellow.

LIBELLULA 6 MACULATA: alis maculis tribus cofialibus atris: ultima fiigmate niveo, pofticis fafciis fla-

 

 

 

Thefe delicate infeé‘ts appear to be male and female; they are almot’t a miniature refemblance of the

two fexes of Libellula depreflh, found in Europe; one having the abdomen yellow, and the other blue.

 

man—m“—
LIBELLULA CHINENSIS
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anterior wings brownifh, without fpots. Pofierior pair green. Apex brown.

LIBELLULA CHINENSIS: alis anticis tet’taceo obfoletis, pofiicis Viridibus apice fnfcis. Liim. Syfl. Nat. 2.
WJ&

 

The only two fpecimens of this fpecies we are acquainted with, were in the colleétion of the late

Duchefs of Portland; one of thofe is now in the poffeflion of Mr. Francillon.

LIBELLULA FERRUGINEA

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

 

Wings clear, white, yellow at the bafe. Body red.
LIBELLULA FERRUGINEA: alis albis bafl flavis, corpore rubro. Fab. Em. Syfl. T. 2. f. 380. 33.

 

Very common in China.

 

 

LIBELLULA FULVIA

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings yellowifh, anterior margins teflaceous, with a pellucid {pot in the middle. hIarginal fpot near
the end, brown.
LIBELLULA FULVIA: alis flavefcentibus marginibus anticis tefiaceis, macula media fubpellueida: fiigmnte
ad apicem fufca.

Libellula fulvia. Drury Inf tall. 46. fig

 

This infeft has been figured, but not defcribed before. We apprehend Fabricius confidered it a

Variety of fome other fpecies, not having noticed it.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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APTERA

ARANEA MACULATA.
SPOTTED SPIDER.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Eyes eight. Mouth armed with two hooks or crotchets. Palpi two, confifi of feveral joints, headed by

the genitalia of the males in that fex. Anus contains teats for fpinning.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Thorax covered with a fattin like pile, of a filvery colour. Abdomen cylindrical. Legs long and black.

*********Oculis. ..::..

ARANEA MACULATA: thorace holofericeo argenteo, abdomine cylindrico, pedibus longitfimis atris.
Fab. Em. Syfl. t. 2. j). 425. fi) 66.

 

This remarkable creature is peculiar to fame parts of the Chinefe empire. It is not the largett of the
genus, known; yet it is of fufficient magnitude to excite terror and difgufi. To an European, who has
feen only the indigenous fpiders of his own country, a fpecies five or fix inches in length, and nearly the
fame in breadth, mut’t appear a frightful creature: Aranea Maculata fometimes exceeds that file; but it
has not the forbidding afpeét of molt infects of the fame genus. The legs are unufually long, and the
body flender. In its general appearance, it refembles fome kinds of the P/m/imgice that are known in Eng—

land by the vulgar name [1070:]? men, being generally feen about that time of the year.

It has been oblerved, that nature oftentimes adorns the mott deformed and loathfome of her creatures
in the richeft difplay of colours; and this is efpecially noticed in many forts of fnakes, toads, lizards, Etc.
Spiders feem alfo of this dcfcription: to a form the mofi hideous we frequently find united a brilliance of
colours, and elegance of marking, that is fcarcely excelled by any of the butterfly tribe,——-the molt beautiful
of all lepidopterous infcéts. Our prefent fubjeét is a firiking proof of the latter part of this obfcrvation.
The three figures in our plate of Aranea Maculata exhibit a front and a profile View of the infeft, together
with the front of the head at the third figure. The head is furnifhed with two very ftrong black mandi-
bles, each terminated in an extremely acute point. The fore part of the thorax. which is wholly of a fine
tilky appearance, and the colour of filver, bending over the mandibles in the form of an arch, or Circular
head—piece, give it the refemblance of a black head with a crown of filvcr on the brow. This appearance
is heightened in no finall degree by three rugged prominences, one in the centre, and another on each fide,

on the upper part; and by the minute black eyes, which, like thofe of molt fpiders, fparltle with the lufire

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APTERA.

of fmall gems. Thefe eyes are eight in number, four are placed immediately in the front of the filver-
coloured circular front piece, and on each fide are two more at equal diftances, but rather in oblique

pofitions.

The body is really beautiful, the chief colour is deep brown, firongly tinged with bright purple; a
broad {tripe of orange colour patios down the abdomen from the thorax to the apex: the whole is elegantly
marked with a variety of cream-coloured lines and {pots interfeéting each other. Very little hair is found
on any part of this {pider except on the thorax, which being rubbed off, difcovers a hard teflaceous black

fubfiance benea (h.

Fabricius is the only author who has defcribcd this infeét: it has never been figured in any work what—
ever, as appears by the lateft works of Fabricius, and our own obfervation. It is not always the molt deeifive
method to determine the fpecies from a concife defeription ; but this is fometimes unavoidable, and in the
prefent infiance the defcription given by Fabricius accords in every refpeét with our fpecimen. The only
infect with which it could poflibly be confounded is Aranea Pilipes, which alfo has never been figured; it
differs however from Arauea Maculata in the very hairy clothing of the legs, and it has alfo two filver
{tripes down the back: a firiking fpecific difiiné‘cion to feparate it from our infeét. It is alfo a native of

the Eaft Indies, but not of China, that we are informed.

 
 

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CANCER MAMMILLARIS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Feet eight, claWs two. Eyes two, difiant from each other, and placed on a kind of footfialk; moveable.
Palpi two large, furnifhed with claws. Tail articulated, and without fling.

S?ECIFIC CHARACTER.

Thorax nearly oval, fpinous. Three {pines on each fide, beak (hart, with three teeth.

CANCER MAMMILLARIS : thorace ovato aculeato utrinque trifpinofo, rofiro brevi tridentato.
Fab.Em.S_y/i. T. 2. 1). 465. 91.

 

In the Entomologia Syflematica of Fabricius we find a fpecies of Cancri defcribed, that feems to agree

with our fpecimen. The {pecific charaéter affigned by that author is however lefs fatisfaétory than the

general defcription he has added. The two red {pots are very characterifiic.

Fabricius met with this creature in the cabinet of Spengler, and notes its lzalu'tat China. It is worthy

of remark, that this is the only fpecies of the Cancer genus, Fabricius mentions as a native of that

country.

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APTERA.

 

CANCER MANTIS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

AND

SYNONYMS.

Hand claws without tarfi, compretfed, hooked, ferrated, with teeth. Body angulated. Tail ferrated,

and armed with fpines.

CANCER MANTIS: macrourus articularis, manibus adaétylis compreflis falcatis ferrato-dentatis.
Linn. Syfl. Nat. 633. 54.—-edit. 10.

Squilla Mantis: manibus adaétylis compreffis falcatis, ferrato dentatis, corpore fubangulato, cauda
ferrato fpinofa. Fab. Em. Sy/l. T. 3. p. 511,

The Linnaean Cancri are numerous, and include many fpecies not lefs fingular in appearance than the
extraordinary creature before us. Indeed, fome fpeeies are f0 extremely different from the ref’t, both in
firufiure and manners of life, that we cannot hefitate in concluding the Linnaean cbaraéter of the genus
defeétive and indefinite. This may be obferved in feveral of the fpecies Linnaeus himfelf defcribed, and
throughout a more extenfive number of thofe difcovered fince the time of that author: It is evident
Linnaeus could never reconcile the fubdivifions of the two principal families; the Brac/Iyurz' and IVIacrouri;
or crabs with fhort and long tails; and later naturalifls have ventured, with propriety, to alter this part of
his arrangement. The Pagamr, Hippa, SCyI/aris, Zflacm, Sgui/fa, and Gammarm, are to many new
genera, formed of the Linnaean tribes of Cancrz' in the laft Syfiem of Fabricius. The genus, to which
Fabricius retains the name Cancer, is dif’tinguiflled from the refi, by having four fllort filiform antenna;
with the extreme articulation bifid, as we obferve in the preceding fpecies. This author follows Degeer
in defcribing the Cancer Mantis, and alters the generic name to Squilla : he obferves, that this genus is
entirely difiinét from the Cancri, and we are of the fame opinion, but adhere to the Linnaean genera, be—
caufe the fpecies, Mantir, was defcribed by Linnaeus, and it may be improper therefore to remove it, to a

new genus, in any partial furvey of his fyf’rem. The Cancer Mantis is not peculiar to China.

 

 
   

 

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APTERA.

.——.———.—_

SCOLOPENDRA MORSITANS.
VENEMOUS, 0R BITING CENTIPEDE.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
As many feet on each fidc, as fegments of the body. Body deprefled. Antennae fetaceous.
Palpi 2, jointed.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Feet 20 on each fide, eyes eight.

SCOLOPENDRA MORSITANS: pedibus utriuqne 20, oculis oéto. Linn. Syfl. Nal. 2. 1068. 5.—-—Fab.Ent.
Syfl. 2. 390. 6. _
SCOLOPENDRA MORDANTE,—SCOl0pendra pedibus utrinque 21, pofierioribus fpinofis. De Gear. by. 7.
563. 1. rah/13. fig. 1.
Saba. Muf. 1. ml). Shfig. 3,4.
2. tab. 25. fig. 3, 4.
012%. Car. 3. 2. tab. 2.
Sulz. 11M. Inf tall. 30. fig. 14.
Brad]. Nat. lab. 25. fig. 4.

 

Travellers agree that the temperate parts of Afia would be a terrefirial paradife, were it not for the
multitude of tronblefome infects and reptiles with which they are infefied. In a well cultivated country,
like China, many of thefe creatures can fcarcely find fhelter; but fuch as harbour in the walls or furniture
of human dwellings are as abundant in that, as any other country that lies within or near the tropics.
Amongfi the latter, none produce more terrible erfeéts than the Centipede, whnfe poifon is as venemous

as that of the fcorpion, which alfo is a native of China.

Sir G. Staunton mentions a remarkable circumftancc that occurred during the late embaify to China.
The ambaifador and his fuite were accommodated in a temple near the fuburbs of Tong-choo-foo. “ In
fome of the apartments the priefis had {offered fcorpions and fcolopendras to harbour through neglect.
Thefe noifome creatures were known only by defcription to fame of the gentlemen in the embafly, who
had not vifited the fouthern parts of Europe: the fight of fuch, for the firtt time, excited a degree of hor-
ror in their minds; and it feemed to them to be a fuflicient objection to the country, that it produced
thefe animals.” Sir George however adds, that no accident happened in that inflame—The fpecies of
Scolopendra he alludes to, is probably Illnrfllmzs, which is common in many parts of the world, but is par—

ticularly found ofa frightful file, and in vaft abundance, in the two Indies.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APTERA.

Many authors have defcribed this creature. In the voluminous works of Seba we find feveral fpeci-
mens of it from different countries, differing materially in fize, and fome trifling particulars, but all pof-
filling the (liftinguithing charac‘ters of Scolopendra Morfitans. The larget’t of thefe exceed our figure in
magnitude, being near fourteen inches in length: this he calls Mllcpazla major ex nova Hifpania. His
figure of flfl/[Lffllla Africamc is about the fize of our Chiuefe fpecimen. He has alfo a third and fourth
figure, JIIi/lcpcda Oritfild/if and JVIz'Z/efeda Celonica, mar: the latter is the fame length as our figure, but
the body is very narrow. Millepeda Orientalis is alfo the fame length, but the body is very broad. Some
of thefe infects are not four inches in length.

Authors agree that they vary exceedingly in fizes and colour. De Geer defcribes them to be fomc-
times deep reddifh brown 5 at others the colour of yellow ochre. The figure in Catefby's Natural Hiftory
of Carolina is light brown; we have fpecimens of a livid yellow, and have feen others flrongly tinged
with red.

The laft pair of legs are confiderably larger than the others, and are armed with fmall black fpines.
The legs terminate in very {harp hooks or nails ofa {hining black colour. All the other legs are alfo fur-

nilhed with a fmaller nail of the fame fhape and colour.

M. Gronovius fays that all its feet are very venemous; but the molt formidable of its weapons are the

two fllal‘p, hooked int’truments that are placed under the mouth, and with which it deflroys its prey.

Lewenhoeck having examined thefe infiruments with a microfcope, he found a {mall opening at the
extremity of each, and a channel from them into the body of the creature. Through this channel he fup-
pofes the Scolopcndra emits the poifonous fluid into the wound it makes with the hooked infirument. That
author further remarks, that he has feen a liquor on that part of living fcolopendras. A figure of thefe

inflrumems on the under flde of the head, is reprefented in one of the ditTeétions in our plate.

The fame author, withing to afcertain the influence of the poifon of Scolopendra morfitans, placed
a large fly within its reach. The Scolopendra at firtt took it between a pair of its middle feet, then
patted it from one pair of feet to the next, till the fly was brought under the {harp pointed inttrument or
crotchets at the head, which it plunged into the fly, and it died iuflantly. Notwithfianding this experi-
ment, De Geer, Catefby, and other authors, afl‘ert, that its bite feldom proves fatal to larger animals; but

all agree that its poifon is as dangerous as that of the fcorpion.

This Scolopendra has eight eyes: they are very fmall; four are placed on each fide of the head near
the antennx. In the ditfeétions a figure is given to exhibit the manner in which the four eyes are placed

on one fide.

,
5 Tthe creatures differ from mott infcéts in their manner of growth, infomuch that it it impoflihle to afcertain when they are of their
full fize. The fegments of the body increafe as they advance in age, which circumflance renders it difficult oftentimes to determine the fpt-

ties, without a minute examination of its other charaé’ters.

 
 

1
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,

I N D EX
SYSTEMA NATURE

OF

LINN/EUS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COLEOPTERA. HEMIPTERA. LEPIDOPTERA. P/ebeii Ruralex. PL 39.
P Atymnus
SCARABJEUS. MANTIS. E gnu/‘11:). Maecenas
P1 1 2 3 PL 9- P1 22 ”21;“ m“.
- a q - oculata - ; . 5 24) 25; 26. SPHINX.
naficorms . . Cnno P1
feniculus flabelhcorms P “is N. to) 4"
. c as us
ghdash 1 G 1 Coon Thallo
ucep a us P1 RYLLLS' Agenor ruficollis
1&1;me - 12:15:11,512, 13- Ifiaomfgou bifafciata
‘ eran ,
Leei vittatus us $31133“:
cinétus gryllotalpa Eguiie: Ac/zz‘ryi. y na
Cetonia Chinenfis acuminatus P137; 28’ 29) 30: 31; 32- Pfialdzm
Melolontha viridis perfpicillatus Telamon P1 42 43 '44
flavicomis Agamemnon ‘Atl; ’ ‘
morbillofus Rhetenor . .5 .
CURCULIO. Demoleus fi’léllhgans
P1. 4, 5. FULGORA. EPius Bubr;x
longipes P1. 14. . .. .
barbirofiris Candelaria riff 16;?" Eggggz
Chinenfis ‘ ' '
pulverulentus C ICAD A, vefia
Squamofus _ P1. 15, 16, 17. Danai Candid}. NEUROPTERA.
magnlfied atrata Hyparete
perlatus ambigua Pafithoé LIBELLULA.
vermcofus fanguinea P1. 34, 35 P1.45, 46.
fplendidula Glaucippe Flavata
CERAMBYX lanata Sefia mdica
' fontalis Pyranthe 6-maculata
P1. 6. abdominalis Philea ferruginea
ruklms limbata var. . . , fulvia
far3n0fus D317”? 1:921?”- chinenfis
renculator NEPA. 1533):?“ ._..
P1. 18, 19. Jaims A P T E R A.
BUPRESTIS. grandls
Pl. . rubra Mmpfiale: Gemmazi.
vittata7 rufiica P]. 36, 37, 38. AEAZEA'
ocellata Bernardus macilla7téz
_— CIMEX. gimme
TENEBRIO. PL 20’ 21' Lultfnta- CANCER,
Stockerus n. ”m P1
P1. 8. d'f Orythla . 48, 4g.
femorams 1 P231” mammillmis
cruelger Mmp/mles Pflalemli. mantis
-—"—' phafiaqus Polyxena
MELOE. aggantxus Leucothoé ~ SCOLOPENDKA.
. h .4 mild“ .. Erymanthis P1. 50.
“C or“ flanbUfCh“ Gambrifius morfitans.

 

 

N

 
 

INDEX

ACCORDING TO THE

ENTOMOLOGIA SYSTEMATICA

CLASS 1. ELEUTERATA.

Genus 2. Scaraluzus
naficornis
feniculus
Midas
Bucephalus
Moloffus
facer
Leei
cinétus

Genus 55. Sagm
femorata

Genus 63. Jldj/Ialzris

Cichorei

Genus 76. Celonia

Chinenfis

Genus 77. JLIelo/anl/uz
viridis

Genus 78. Bupreflis
vittata
ocellata

Genus 82. Prionus
reticulator
rubus

Genus 85. Slenocarus
farinofus

Genus 102. Curculia

longipes
barbimflris
Chinenfis
pulverulentus
fquamofus’
mag.

 

perlatus
vermcofus

 

CLASS 2. ULONATA.

Genus 120. Manlis
flabellicomis
oculata

Genus 122. TrueeaIis
nafutus
vittatus

0F

FABRICIUS

 

 

 

 

 

Genus 123. Acizeta PeranthuS
‘ Gryllotalpa Agenor
Genus 124. Locufla
perfpicillata ** Eguz'zes Ania.
acuminata Telamon
Genus 125. GUI/us Agamemnon
morbillofus Demoleus
flavicornis Epius
CLASS 5. ODONATA. Jacifffeiw'
(renus 164i.ndIi.:bael/u[a Antiochus
chinenfis Jan-us
ferruginea NW... N
. - ~ . ynzpnales.
G-gliztalata Bernan-ius
Genus 165.1 A'et ma giggélofius
C as a a Almana
Oenone
CLASS 6. MITOSATA. Orythia
Genus 167. Scalopendra Lubentmu
morfitans Leucothoé
Polyxena
Erymanthis

CLASS 7. UN OGATA.

Genus 171. Aranea ***** Heliconiz'.
maculata Vefla

 

Hyparete
CLASS 8. AGONATA. Pafithoe

Genus 17'5. Cancer

 

mammillaris ******* Danni.
Genus 184. Sgui/Ia Pyranthe
mantis Glaucippe
Sefia
Philea

CLASS 9. GLOSSATA.
Genus 186. PaPi/I'o

 

Genus 187. Hefiaeria

Maecenas

Eguites Trojam'* Atymnus

Crino Genus 188. Splzz'nx
Paris Nechus
Coon Genus 189. Sela

Laomedon Hylas

 

Genus 190. Zygena
bifafciata
ruficollis
Thallo

Genus 19.1. Baméyx
Atlas
militaris
leétrix

Genus 194. Mflua
Bubo

Genus 196. P/zalazna
pagaria
zonaria

.—_.

CLASS 10. RYNGOTA.

Genus 201. Fu/gora
candeiaria
Genus 203. Htligania
atrata
ambigua
fanguinolenta
fplendidula
Genm 204. Cicada
limbata, var.
lanata
Genus 205. Cercopz's
abdominalis
frontalis
Genus 208. Nt’pr:
grandis
rufiica
rubm
Genus 212. Cinzex
Stockerus
difpar
auran’oius
Genus 214. Lygwus
cruclger
phafianus
Slanbufchii
Genus 217. Reduvius
bifidus

 
 
 

THE UBRAHY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY HF IUJHMS